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 Division “BS [AAO 
 
 Section 
 

 

 
THE PSALMS OUTLINED 
 
a et 
 
 Siehcey soe 
 
 
 
THE PSALMS OUTLINED 
 
 AN OUTLINE ANALYSIS COVERING EACH SONG OF 
 THE PSALTER 
 <n OF Pligg > 
 
 BEC 20 1930 
 
 
 
 
 Bye 
 ARTHUR EMERSON HARRIS, D. D. 
 
 Professor of English Bible, Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Author of ‘ Bible Books Outlined” 
 
 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR 
 
 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE JUDSON PRESS 
 
 BOSTON CHICAGO LOS ANGELES 
 KANSAS CITY SEATTLE TORONTO 
 
PRINTED IN U.S.A, 
 
 Copyright, 1925, by 
 THE JUDSON PRESS 
 
 
 
 Published December, 1925 
 
THE Purpose of these outlines is to give the student a 
 mastery of the contents of each Psalm. 
 
 THe MeEtHop of analysis makes use of number and alliter- 
 ation merely as an aid to memory. Any other words may 
 
 be used as captions for the sections, provided such words 
 convey to the eye and ear an epitome of that particular 
 paragraph. 
 
 EveEN the divisions are not final, but are used for the sake of 
 convenience, and are only intended to be suggestive. 
 
 
 
THE PSALTER was the hymn-book of the Jewish people, and 
 was used in the Temple ritual. 
 
 From earliest time this collection has come down to us in 
 five books. 
 
 These studies maintain that very general division. 
 
 It is to be noted that a doxology is to be found at the close of 
 each of the first four books and that the last word of the 
 fifth is one of praise. 
 
 As Doctor McClaren puts it, “ This book of the Psalms 
 1s the heart’s echo to the speech of God.” 
 
 
 
BOOK ONE 
 PSALMS ONE TO FORTY-ONE 
 
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PSALM I 
 THE PREFACE PSALM 
 
 Theme: The blessedness of keeping God’s law. This Psalm notifies of the 
 contents of the whole Psalter. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. 
 
 I. A FRUITFUL LIFE—ROOTED. Ver. 1-3. 
 
 1. Character. Ver. 1, 2. “ Blessed 1s the man” (ver. 1). The opening 
 benediction introduces these “ blesseds” which run all through the 
 Psalter. The contrast between saint and sinner is the topic of this 
 song. Saintliness is measured by faithfulness and service; godless- 
 ness by failure and neglect. 
 
 (1) Passive. Ver. 1. The things avoided. Negative characteristics of a 
 good man are seen in the things he does not do. Progress in evil is 
 marked by boldness, the degrees are “ walking,’ “ standing,” “ sitting.” 
 These the righteous man avoids. 
 
 (2) Positive. Ver.2. Not only the things avoided, but those avowed. He 
 delights in God’s law and dwells therein. Summed up, this man’s 
 character can be put in one word—“ righteous.” 
 
 2. Condition. Ver. 3. “ He is like a tree.’ The tree is an apt symbol and 
 speaks eloquently of stability. 
 
 (1) Settled. Ver. 3a. The unseen sources of his sustenance are suggested. 
 He has depth and vigorous vitality because his life is fed by hidden 
 springs, and nothing can move it. 
 
 (2) Successful. Ver. 3b. The good man enjoys true soul-prosperity because 
 his life is rooted and is fruitful. Such a life is sunlight. 
 
 II. A FRUITLESS LIFE—ROOTLESS. Ver. 4-6. 
 
 1. Delineation. Ver. 4,5. “ The ungodly are not so” (ver. 4). The con- 
 trast is sharply defined, for this life is full of shadow. 
 
 (1) Shallowness. Ver. 4. Emphasized by a double negative, “not so.” 
 Unlike the foregoing, such a life is as chaff, the sport of every wind. 
 The godless live on the surface, having neither tendrils nor roots. 
 
 (2) Separation. Ver. 5. Disunited and apart from God, the ungodly are 
 sorted with sinners and counted with them. 
 
 2. Destiny. Ver. 6. “The way of the wicked.” 
 
 (1) Discernment. Ver. 6a. Here congregations are mixed, but “ God 
 knows.’ There can be no imposition, and no mistake will be made. 
 The saint is in God’s special care, the sinner is left to his own resources. 
 
 (2) Discrimination. Ver. 6b. All are not treated alike, because each has a 
 different attitude toward God. Some suffer destruction by their own 
 wrong-doing. The end of each is determined by relationship to God. 
 
 Page 3 
 
PSALM II 
 THE MESSIAH MISSIONARY PSALM 
 
 Theme: The futility of opposing God’s government. Cf. Acts 4: 25, 26. 
 
 Occasion: None mentioned. This Psalm fits any time and place. 
 
 I. CONSPIRACY. Ver. 1-3. “The rulers take counsel together” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Agitation. Ver. 1. “The heathen rage.’ Propaganda is instituted against 
 the purposes and government of God, bringing confusion and anarchy 
 into the universe. 
 
 2. Aggression. Ver. 2. “The kings set themselves.’ Evil organizes, and 
 those who have come to places of power have plotted in Open 
 rebellion against the God who is over all. 
 
 3. Anarchy. Ver. 3. “Let us break ... cast aside.’ An effort is made to 
 overthrow the government of Gan This has ever been the aim 
 and purpose of the Evil One. 
 
 II. CONFUSION. Ver. 4-6. “In derision” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Derision. Ver. 4. “Shall laugh.’ <A daring figure, but a symbol of the 
 futility of opposition by the created thing against its Creator. Such 
 rebellion must fail. 
 
 2. Determination. Ver. 5. “Speak . .. vex.’ God’s purposes are fixed 
 in his universe, and none can thwart them. 
 
 3. Decision. Ver. 6. “J have set.’ God has set his heart on the rule 
 of his Son on earth, and that purpose cannot be set aside. He 
 shall reign “whose right it is,’ and the kingdoms shall ultimately be 
 his forever. 
 
 III. CONCORD. Ver. 7-9. “The heathen for thine inheritance” (ver. 8). 
 1. Decree. Ver. 7. “J will declare.’ The Son’s rightful inheritance is 
 according to this decree and shall be given him. 
 
 2. Design. Ver. 8. “The heathen... the uttermost part.’ Here is our in- 
 centive to reach the last nation and the farthest point with the gospel 
 message. 
 
 3. Dominion. Ver. 9. “Break ... dash in pieces.’ He shall rule and all 
 things shall come under his power. 
 
 IV. COUNSEL. Ver. 10-12. “ Be instructed” (ver. 10). 
 1. Surrender. Ver. 10. “Be wise now.’ Fit in with God’s plan. 
 2. Service. Ver. 11. “ Serve the Lord.’ Know joy in God’s service. 
 3. Serenity. Ver. 12. “ Blessed are they.’ So there will be peace of heart ~ 
 for those who will hear and will heed the ‘ Great Commission” to 
 “go into all the world.” 
 
 Page 4 
 
PSALM III 
 A SONG OF CONFIDENCE 
 
 Theme: A morning hymn. The contemplation of the foe but assurance 
 that God will triumph. 
 
 Occasion: David fleeing from Absalom. (1 Sam. 30.) 
 
 I. COMPLAINT. Ver. 1, 2. “ Trouble me ...rise up against me” (ver. 1). 
 Surrounded by enemies and in distress the Psalmist ventures to pour 
 out his griefs before God who never turns a deaf ear to his cry. 
 
 1. Plotting. Ver.1. “Rise up.’ Troubles come in flocks sometimes, often 
 in droves, but the saint can route the enemy. 
 
 2. Pessimism. Ver. 2. “No help.’ The foes had boasted that God was 
 forsaking him. Bathsheba cursed him, likewise Shimei. No wonder 
 he felt lonely and that his case was hopeless. 
 
 II. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 3,4. “Thou art my shield” (ver. 3). Our God is 
 like a buckler round about us, the all-encompassing One. 
 1. Defense. Ver. 3. “ Shield.’ The fiery darts of evil are of no avail. 
 2. Delight. Ver. 4. “ Heard me.” Secret and audible prayer is the resort 
 and sure refuge of every endangered child of God. 
 
 Piece Vier), 0. slept 7... awaked ... not .ayratd” (ver. 5). ae 
 can say now, “ Underneath are the everlasting arms.’ His sleep was 
 therefore an act of faith, and faith that was rewarded. 
 
 1. Sustenance. Ver. 5. “The Lord sustained.’ Resting in God’s provi- 
 dences will bring quiet of heart to every child of God. 
 
 2. Strength. Ver. 6. “ Not be afraid.’ He is able to take up again the 
 duties of the day. We can be ready for the battle of life each new day, 
 unafraid, if we will make this our morning hymn of praise. We 
 should never venture into the day without prayer. 
 
 IV. CONFLICT. Ver. 7,8. “ Arise, save” (ver. 7). This is the culmination 
 of faith. The Psalmist is not so fearless as to be beyond praying. 
 He knows the value of the quiet hour. 
 
 1. Supplication. Ver. 7. “O Lord.’ He puts his case in God’s hands at 
 the threshold of the day. In the light of prayer his foes are smitten 
 like wild beasts. He counts on victory. 
 
 2. Salvation. Ver. 8. “ Belongeth unto the Lord.’ The world says it 
 is to the fittest that survival comes. God says to those who rely on 
 him and his grace, “ The just shall live by their faith”’ Where God 
 gives, the envy of men and their plottings can avail nothing. Where 
 he does not give, labor is in vain. 
 
 Page 5 
 
PSALM IV 
 AN EVENING HYMN 
 
 Theme: Concerning God’s honor and assurance of peace. Supplement to Ps. 3. 
 
 Occasion: Another than that suggested for the preceding. An hour of 
 affliction. 
 
 I. PLEA. Ver. 1. “ Hear my prayer.” 
 
 1, Past. Ver. la. “Thou hast set me.’ The Psalmist first comes to 
 God with his petition. The Name he applies to God is significant. 
 Elsewhere God is approached as Anchor, Witness, Maintenance, 
 Judge, Reward. But here it is the “ God of my righteousness.” This 
 is a title for Deity found nowhere else. God had helped him hitherto, 
 and he is confident that he need never come to him in vain. , 
 
 2. Present. Ver. lb. “ Have mercy.’ A realization of his sinful condition 
 leads him to God in supplication. He prays, “ Show grace to a sinner 
 like me.’ For God’s grace bestows mercy and our hope of mercy is in 
 the love of God. 
 
 II. PROTEST. Ver. 2-4. “Ye sons of men... how long?” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Controversy. Ver. 2. “Glory turned into dishonor.’ The enemy has 
 been taunting him, making mock of God’s honor and so rendering 
 his servant’s testimony useless. He would have God vindicate himself 
 in his behalf. He utters a remonstrance against their attitude. They 
 were not idolaters but heathen who turned the glorious name of God 
 into a jest, and such blasphemy in the Psalmist’s ears brought concern. 
 
 2. Consecration. Ver. 3, 4. “Jehovah hath set apart” (ver. 3). Out of 
 a heart of love, there have come to the Psalmist many mercies, for 
 God has favored him greatly, and above all has given him the assur- 
 ance of answered prayer. Thus he will be beyond the wish of evil 
 men who can do him no harm, for God avenges speedily. The Psalmist 
 would have men deal with their inner lives, reviewing the past in the 
 light of God’s mercy and meditating on the future in confidence of his 
 erace. 
 
 III. PROCLAMATION. Ver. 5-8. “Offer the sacrifices” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Surrender. Ver.5,6. “ Trust in Jehovah” (ver. 5). Make the necessary 
 sin-offering, but give yourself on the basis of that. Jesus is the 
 only true atoning sacrifice, and this admonition looks forward to 
 the One who bore our sins, that we might present ourselves to God 
 on the basis of that sacrifice. 
 
 2. Satisfaction. Ver. 7, 8. “ Gladness in my heart” (ver. 7). Sinners 
 have no true satisfaction. Only the godly are contented and can 
 lie down in peace. 
 
 Page 6 
 
PSALM V 
 THE MORNING SUPPLIANT 
 
 Theme: Contemplation of God’s goodness, grace, and mercy. 
 
 Occasion: Not specified. Beset by enemies and in midst of peril. 
 
 I. PRAYER. Ver. 1-3. “Unio thee do I pray” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Plea. Ver. 1, 2. “ Give ear to my words” (ver. 1). “ Prayer is the soul’s 
 sincere desire, unuttered or expressed.” So here, both petitions spoken 
 and unuttered longings of the soul are involved in this passage. The 
 cry of God’s children is music to the ears of a loving Father. 
 
 2. Promise. Ver. 3. “Jn the morning will I order.’ A resolution to give 
 God the fittest time of the day for devotional approach when the 
 body is rested and the brain untired, when the outlook is fresh and 
 the world has not yet pressed in on the innermost life. 
 
 II. PROTECTION. Ver. 4-7. “Thou wilt destroy” (ver. 6). 
 
 1. Warning. Ver. 4-6. “The arrogant shall not stand” (ver. 5). He is 
 confident that all evil-doers are hateful to God, and that the soul 
 that is filled with pride cannot please him. He is sure moreover that 
 they have no power, nor can they thwart the Lord or his purposes. 
 
 Z. Welcome. Ver. 7. “As for me...I will come.’ He realizes that he 
 is as welcome as the wicked are distasteful. The child of God can 
 come at any time and unafraid, sure of hospitality in the Father’s heart. 
 
 III. PERPLEXITY. Ver. 8-10. “Make thy way straight” (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Deliverance. Ver. 8. “Lead me.” We have need of guidance, and we 
 must look to Him who is our only true Guide. There is as true 
 leading in God’s prohibitions as in his invitations. We can learn, 
 if we will, that sometimes his “ No” is better to us than his “ Yes,” 
 and oftentimes more truly an answer to our prayer. 
 
 2. Denunciation. Ver. 9, 10. “ There is no faithfulness” (ver. 9). The 
 depravity of the unregenerate reveals the depths of sinful human 
 nature. 
 
 IV. PLEA. Ver. 11,12. “ Let all those that take refuge” (ver. 11). 
 1. Anticipation. Ver. 11. “Thou defendest them.’ The privilege of the 
 believer is set forth as rest in God who is to him a sure Rock of 
 Defense. 
 2. Assurance. Ver. 12. “Thou wilt bless the righteous”’ “No good 
 thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly.” 
 
 Page7 
 
PSALM VI 
 A PENITENTIAL PRAYER 
 
 Theme: Sorrow and humiliation over sin, joy because of salvation. 
 
 Occasion: Perhaps when illness made the soul conscious of spiritual maladies. 
 
 I. DISTRESS. Ver. 1-5. “ My soul is sore troubled” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Petition. Ver. 1-3. “Have mercy upon me” (ver. 2). We are all con- 
 scious, at times, that we need to be rebuked for shortcomings. In 
 such hours we can always appeal for mercy to the Lord and be sure 
 that we shall have a hearing and receive forgiveness. 
 
 2. Plea. Ver. 4, 5. “Return, O Jehovah . .. deliver” (ver. 4). A 
 consciousness of God’s presence always heals the hurts of life, and 
 to live in the secret of his presence is to be immune from the plottings 
 of man or the things which distress the ungodly. 
 
 II. DESPAIR. Ver. 6, 7. “Because of my grief” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Weary. Ver. 6. “J am weary.’ There is no name for God in this 
 passage, and so we have a picture of the sinner, unforgiven and 
 unredeemed in the world. He was absorbed in his own sufferings. 
 
 2. Worn. Ver. 7. “It waxeth old.’ So is the plight of the sinner, “ with- 
 out God and without hope.’ It is made worse by the realization 
 that he has come to the end of his rope, and he is spent beyond 
 recovery so far as earthly resources are concerned. 
 
 III. DELIVERANCE. Ver. 8-10. “ They shall turn back” (ver. 10). 
 
 1. Conviction. Ver. 8, 9. “Jehovah hath heard’? We come back to the 
 name of God again. A new note is heard, peace has come instead of 
 panic, confidence replaces despair. There is no one thing to drive 
 away gloom like a season of prayer, and nothing that will bring 
 confidence and produce conviction in the soul like answered prayer. 
 “Sometimes a light surprises the Christian while he sings,’ 
 
 2. Certainty. Ver. 10. “Shall be put to shame.’ Here is the assurance 
 that God is on the throne and that “all’s right with the world.’ Our 
 God Omnipotent reigneth! What a comfort to the soul in distress to 
 know that “God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in 
 trouble,” 
 
 Page 8 
 
PSALM VII 
 THE SONG OF THE WRONGED ONE 
 
 Theme: Prayer for vindication in the consciousness of innocence. 
 
 Occasion: False accusation. 1 Samuel 29: 9 would fit this incident. 
 
 I. PETITION. Ver. 1, 2. “Save me” (ver. 1). 
 1. Protection. Ver. 1. “J take refuge.’ The Psalmist asks to be delivered 
 from the accuser who is maligning him. 
 2. Peril. Ver. 2. “Lest they tear my soul.” True faith always turns to 
 God in such hours. He is the soul’s true Refuge. 
 
 II. PROTESTATION. Ver. 3-5. “Jf I have done this” (ver. 3). 
 1. Repelling. Ver. 3, 4. “Jf I have.’ The accusation is repellent, and 
 wrath is invoked on his own head if he be not clear of the imputation. 
 2. Repudiation. Ver. 5. “Let the enemy.’ This is surely the language 
 of innocence that has been cruelly wronged. 
 
 Rite isis Aw Vere 0-94 Arse, O Jehoval (ver. 6). 
 1. Action Against Wicked. Ver. 6-8. “Because of the rage” (ver. 6). 
 God will judge, and he will surely deal justly and in equity. 
 2. Annihilation of Wickedness. Ver. 9. “Come to an end.’ The Judge 
 is against sin and in his hands the innocent are safe. 
 
 IV. PUNISHMENT. Ver. 10-13. “God is a righteous Judge” (ver. 11). 
 1. Righteousness. Ver. 10, 11. “ My shield is with God” (ver. 10). A 
 vision of God is vouchsafed and of his just dealings with men. 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 12,13. “Jf a man turn not” (ver. 12). The sinner 
 brings punishment upon himself if not repentant. 
 
 V. PRONOUNCEMENT. Ver. 14-16. “Return upon his own head” 
 (ver. 16). 
 1. Retroaction. Ver. 14, 15. “ Fallen in.” Evil is a boomerang, returning 
 with added force upon the evil-doer. 
 2. Repayment. Ver. 16. “Upon his own head.’ This is the history of 
 the slanderer; his sin comes back in kind. 
 
 VI. PRAISE. Ver. 17. “TI will sing praise.” 
 1, Service. Ver. 17a. “ Give thanks.’ This he promises to do by lip and 
 life. 
 2. Singing. Ver.17b. “ Sing praise”’ He can voice his soul in song because 
 he rests in God’s righteousness. 
 
 Page9 
 
PSALM VIII 
 THE SONG OF GOD’S GREATNESS 
 
 Theme: The incomprehensible and infinite glory of God. 
 
 Occasion: Not specified. Possibly 1 Chron. 13 : 12-14. Or when the Psalmist 
 was shepherding his flock under the starry skies. 
 
 I. APPRECIATION. Ver. 1,2. “ How excellent is thy name” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Majesty. Ver. 1. “Thy name.’ This Psalm seeks to utter a recogni- 
 tion of the worth of God, and that is always true worship. The name 
 used in this passage is “ Jehovah” and this is God’s name for himself. 
 (Exod. 3 : 14.) Adonai (Master) is the rightful Ruler and King. 
 
 2. Might. Ver. 2. “ Established strength.’ God has made those who are 
 otherwise as feeble as babes to become the instruments of his power. 
 It requires strength to still the enemy. 
 
 II. ADMIRATION. Ver. 3-8. “When I consider thy heavens” (ver. 5). 
 1. Magnitude. Ver. 3,4. “The work of thy fingers” (ver. 3). The whole 
 lanetary system is a revelation of the majesty and the might of God. 
 Who can be an unbeliever when he reverently scans the heavens and 
 sees the work of God’s fingers! “The unwearied sun from day to 
 day, does his Creator’s power display; and puUisies on every hand the 
 work of an gee) hand.” 
 2. Manifestation. Ver. 5-8. “ Made him a little lower than God” (ver. 
 5 R. V.). The littleness and the greatness of man are here brought 
 into contrast. Man is at once the medium and the manifestation of 
 God. His inferiority to God is set forth by the greatness of the 
 Creator and the universe around him, while his greatness is evidenced 
 by his superiority to all created things which have been placed under 
 him. 
 III. ADORATION. Ver. 9. “ How excellent is thy name.” 
 1. Grace. Ver. 9a. “O Lord, our Lord.’ The grace of God may be our 
 possession. This brings adoring wonder. 
 2. Glory. Ver. 9b. “Thy name in all the earth.’ This earth is God’s great 
 glory if rightly viewed, and he shines here so that all men may see. | 
 
 Page 10 
 
PSALM IX 
 A TRIUMPHAL HYMN 
 
 Theme: Thanksgiving for victory accomplished. 
 
 Occasion: Not intimated. May be the defeat of Goliath. (1 Sam. 17.) 
 
 I. THANKSGIVING. Ver. 1-6. “TJ will praise thee” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Delight. Ver. 1,2. “ Glad and rejoice in thee” (ver. 2). Our songs of 
 praise should spring from grateful hearts and lives, but they will 
 require holy resolution. In this praise of the Psalmist, all the heart 
 is employed. 
 
 2. Deliverance. Ver. 3, 4. “Thou hast maintained my right and cause’ 
 (ver. 4). The presence of the living God will always deliver us from 
 our foes. He is our sure defense and deliverance in every time of 
 trouble. 
 
 3. Destruction. Ver. 5, 6. “Thou hast destroyed the wicked” (ver. 5). 
 One can almost see the Psalmist bending over the slain enemy (Go- 
 liath?). The pledge of this experience is that God will not spare the 
 wicked. 
 
 II, TESTIMONY. Ver. 7-14. “ Thou hast not forsaken” (ver. 10). 
 
 1. Judgment, Ver. 7, 8. “Prepared his throne for judgment” (ver. 10). 
 
 God’s children should ever witness of his faithfulness to them in every 
 - experience of life. 
 
 2. Justice. Ver. 9, 10. “A refuge for the oppressed” (ver. 9). God’s 
 present deliverances are a pledge for the future. We can always 
 depend upon “the Judge of all the earth” to do right. 
 
 3. Jubilation. Ver. 11-14. “Sing praises to the Lord” (ver. 11). Filled 
 with joy ourselves, we can go forth to inspire others in song and 
 thanksgiving. 
 
 III. TRIUMPH. Ver. 15-20. “Jehovah hath made himself known” (ver. 16). 
 
 1. Penalty. Ver. 15, 16. “Sunk into the pit they have made” (ver. 15). 
 A terrible picture of “ poetic justice.’ “The punishment fits the 
 crime.” 
 
 2. Punishment. Ver. 17, 18. “Wicked shall be turned back” (ver. 17). 
 God’s punishment of sin is corrective but also retributive; the latter 
 inevitable. 
 
 3. Pleading. Ver. 19, 20. “Let not man prevail.’ Prayer is the believer’s 
 weapon of war. 
 
 3 
 
 Page 11 
 
PSALM X 
 THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED 
 
 Theme: The persecution and oppression of the righteous by the wicked. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. A song in the minor key, born of some experience peculiar 
 to the Psalmist. 
 
 I. OPPRESSION BY THE WICKED. Ver. 1-11. “The wicked ... doth 
 persecute” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 1, 2. “Why standest thou ... hidest?” (ver. 1). A 
 passionate cry of the wounded heart. This reveals the problems that 
 come to those who seek to serve God and find obstacles that seem 
 insurmountable. | 
 
 2. Arrogance. Ver. 3-5. “The wicked boasteth” (ver. 3). The fancied 
 security and the arrogant agnosticism of the ungodly which the 
 righteous must meet, and the open defiance of God on the part of 
 the enemy. 
 
 3. Assumption. Ver. 6-11. “J shall not be moved’ (ver. 6). This is the 
 flagrant presumption of wicked men, that no one can overturn them. 
 Thus is their character revealed. 
 
 II. OVERCOMING BY THE GODLY. Ver. 12-18. “ Break thou the arm of 
 the wicked” (ver. 15). ; 
 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 12. “ Arise, O Jehovah.’ The appeal is made to God’s 
 omniscience. “Thou hast seen . . . thou beholdest.” Here is the 
 prayer of a persecuted soul, for God is ever the refuge of the oppressed 
 and afflicted. 
 
 2. Arguments. Ver. 13-16. “Thou hast seen it” (ver. 14). Reasons are 
 therefore given why a vigilant faith should ask for God’s intervention. 
 His honor is at stake, and this is dear to those who are truly his 
 people. 
 
 3. Assurance. Ver. 17, 18. “Thou hast ... thou wilt” (ver. 17). Faith 
 is heartened by the remembrance of past judgments that have fallen 
 upon wrong-doing, and the conviction that God will come and help 
 his people overcome the oppressor makes the Psalmist speak in the 
 future tense. Faith counts the thing as done and rests content on 
 that assurance. 
 
 Page 12 
 
PSALM XI 
 THE SONG OF THE STEDFAST 
 
 Theme: The righteous should trust God in spite of advice to the contrary. 
 
 Occasion: Not intimated. Perhaps the hunting and persecution of Saul. 
 
 I. ALLUREMENTS. Ver. 1-3. “ How say ye” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Counsel. Ver. 1. “ Flee as a bird.’ Temptations come to distrust God, 
 but the stedfast soul determines to stand true. Many are there to’ 
 advise that we flee and desert God, but all suggestions or alternatives 
 are speedily spurned. 
 
 2. Circumstances. Ver. 2. “ The wicked.’ The argument used for flight 
 sounds plausible enough and might be proved good logic. The Psalmist 
 is like a defenseless bird, with no shelter in sight and the hunter 
 near-by. 
 
 3. Conditions. Ver. 3. “Jf the foundations be destroyed’’ The arguments 
 are multiplied to tempt the soul from its trust in God’s protecting 
 care. “There is no hope of justice in this world,’ they say, and the 
 wicked would allure the righteous into apostasy. 
 
 II. ASSURANCE. Ver. 4-7. “The Lord is in his holy temple” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Confidence. Ver.4. “ His throne is in the heavens.’ Here is the answer 
 for those who would entice us away. God is ever the true source of 
 unflinching trust, of loyal devotion and of confident fealty. Perhaps 
 the dome of heaven is the roof of the Psalmist’s temple as he composes 
 the song. In any case his confidence is that God’s throne is secure and 
 that the soul that trusts in Jehovah has nothing to fear. | 
 
 2. Chastening. Ver. 5,6. “ Trieth the righteous” (ver. 5). Many tempta- 
 tions are the testings of divine love, not to show the saint’s weakness 
 nor to prove to God his fealty, but to show to the godly themselves, 
 and to the world that looks on, their loyalty that they may be a 
 witness to others. The godly are precious in the eyes of the Lord. 
 
 3. Communion. Ver. 7. “The upright shall see his face.’ God’s approval 
 is ever the believer’s delight, “J shall be satisfied when I awake 
 with his image.” 
 
 Page 13 
 
PSALM XII 
 A HYMN OF COMPLAINT AND COMFORT 
 
 Theme: The difficulty of living true lives in the midst of apostasy. 
 
 Occasion: Not stated. Perhaps the persecution of Saul, but more likely a 
 prevailing state of iniquity. 
 
 I, COMPLAINT. Ver. 1,2. “The godly man ceaseth” (ver. 1). Insincerity 
 and insecurity are everywhere rampant. Those who are true to God 
 are being persecuted and oppressed. The condition is critical, and 
 the sorrow of heart on the part of God’s people breaks out in the 
 form of a cry which in the Septuagint is translated “ Save, O Lord.” 
 
 II. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 3, 4. “Jehovah will cut off’ (ver. 3). This is at 
 once a prayer and an assurance. It is the equivalent of “ May the 
 Lord cut off.’ The Lord knows their state and his remedy is sharp, 
 swiit, and sure. 
 
 III. COMFORT. Ver. 5, 6. “J will set him in safety” (ver. 5). God’s 
 answer to this cry of faith is set forth, and the Psalmist indites his 
 response on the lips of all who will sing with him, “ The Word of God 
 is pure.’ God will comfort his afflicted saints by coming to their 
 rescue. 
 
 IV. CONVICTION. Ver. 7. “ Thou wiit.’ Confidence in God and his divine 
 word brings conviction to the soul of the believer. The man who 
 trusts in God will rise above his time and age, so that free of 
 all its allurements, and above all its environments, he can say, 
 “Thou wilt.” 
 
 V. COMPOSURE. Ver. 8. “(Let) the wicked walk.’ Facts will still stare 
 the godly in the face, there will be many problems he cannot solve, and 
 even more questions he cannot answer, but. he will treat them as the 
 Psalmist now cites them, as in the background. With this new vantage- 
 ground he will say, “ So let the wicked walk on every side,” let even the 
 vilest men for the time being seem exalted, God will finally interfere, 
 and when he brings judgment the righteous will be at rest. 
 
 Page 14 
 
PSALM XlillI 
 FROM SADNESS TO SINGING 
 
 Theme: Comfort and healing for the wounds that sin has made. 
 
 Occasion: Not involved. The Psalm fits any hour of darkness or need. 
 
 I. SADNESS. Ver. 1, 2. “How long?” (4 times). The soul’s anguish is 
 liable to degenerate into impatience. In a moment of weakness we 
 are tempted to believe that God has forsaken us. As though God 
 ever forgets us! He turned away his face from his only begotten Son 
 
 on the cross that he might never turn it away from a repentant sinner. 
 So we may bring our complaints to God, for he will never hide his 
 face from us. Too much sadness becomes a sin. “TJ perceive it to be 
 an old trick of the devil,’ says Bunyan in “ Pilgrim’s Progress,” “ to 
 set a man athinking too much on his sins.” 
 
 II. SUPPLICATION. Ver. 3, 4. “Consider and hear” (ver. 3). Prayer 
 is faith’s way out. The only hope for a man to escape a situation like 
 that of the Psalmist is to do what he did, find his way out on his 
 knees. Prayer is the soul’s telescope, it gives sight that is inward 
 and true. When eyes are heavy and. need light to see in the dark, 
 this is the way of escape—to drop to our knees. The secret for victory 
 over such experiences is by way of the Throne. And the road to the 
 Throne is always open to every believing heart. 
 
 III. SINGING. Ver. 5, 6. “TJ will sing unto the Lord” (ver. 5). Out of 
 sadness, through supplication and into singing. Every trusting heart 
 may have the song, “ Count your blessings,’ and will, like the Psalmist, 
 “trust mm God’s mercy.’ No heathen religion has a song, for there 
 is no music in paganism. But there is melody in every soul that 
 has been forgiven. “He has put a new song in my mouth.” Thus 
 the child of God finds his way out and he can say, 
 
 “The mner side of every cloud 
 Is bright and shining; 
 I therefore turn my clouds about 
 And always wear them inside out 
 To show the lining.” 
 
 Page 15 
 
PSALM XIV 
 A HYMN TO THE REALITY OF GOD 
 
 Theme: The self-delusions of the wicked and their lapse into evil. 
 
 Occasion: Not indicated. A time of prevailing impiety and neglect of God. 
 
 I. TRAITS OF THE UNBELIEVER. Ver. 1-4. “They are” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Depravity. Ver. la. “There is no God.’ Not merely that they deny 
 the existence of God as a proposition, but that in his heart the 
 ungodly man wishes to push God away, to hasten him from the life. 
 It is a picture of a man pushing God out of his thoughts. There is no 
 such thing as atheism as some describe it. 
 
 2.: Defilement: Ver.’ 1b-3.."Corrupi 2a filtiy 2 A vets 3) ea ise1s trier. 
 of all men everywhere. There are sins of omission as well as of 
 commission. “ There is none that doeth good, no, not one.” 
 
 3. Disposition. Ver. 4. “Who eat my people.’ As eagles prey on smaller 
 birds, so these oppress the godly and persecute the followers of 
 Jehovah. They judge harshly, they make unfair because unfavorable 
 comparisons in order to justify themselves in the course they pursue. 
 
 II. TENDENCY OF THE UNBELIEVER. Ver. 5-7. “In great fear” 
 (ver..5.); é 
 
 1. Uneasy. Ver. 5. -“ Fear’’ The unbeliever does not have a good time, 
 
 . neither does he have it all his own way in spite of appearances to the 
 
 contrary. He knows his periods of panic of soul, when an unnamed 
 
 dread settles down upon him that will not be cast off. The company 
 
 of godly men is irksome to him and becomes a continual rebuke, the 
 
 actions of the righteous are condemning, and there are times when he 
 
 cannot be at ease though he keeps up a bold front and a show of 
 
 foolhardiness. 
 
 2. Unsettled. Ver. 6. “Shame the counsel.’ The religion of the upright 
 is a constant consolation. Take away God, and it would leave for 
 them no foundation. So the ungodly being unsettled themselves would 
 unsettle others. “What can your God do for you?” they say, and they 
 try to laugh the believer out of countenance. 
 
 3. Uncovered. Ver. 7. “When Jehovah bringeth back.” The time is com- 
 ing when the righteous will rejoice in their deliverance. The sin of 
 unbelief will then be uncovered. Prayer goes up that the righteous 
 Judge shall come which will mean rejoicing for the upright and ruin 
 for the wicked. 
 
 Page 16 
 
PSALM XV 
 THE EVIDENCES OF THE GODLY 
 
 Theme: The truly righteous who have the right to dwell with God. 
 
 Cccasion: None stated. Perhaps the removal of the Ark to Jerusalem. 
 2 5am. 6 :,12. 
 
 I. THE QUESTION. Ver. 1. “Who shall?” 
 
 1. Admission. Ver. la. “Who shall sojourn?” This is a heart-query and 
 seeks to determine who shall be entitled to the privileges of perpetual 
 communion with God. The Tabernacle was regarded as God’s 
 dwelling-place. It was the meeting-place between God and man. 
 
 2. Acceptance. Ver. lb. “Who shall dwell?” Zion was a type of heaven, 
 and the question comes up again in the heart, “ Who are eligible for 
 that holy place?” The Psalmist knew that there could enter there 
 “nothing that defileth.” 
 
 II. THE QUALIFICATIONS. Ver. 2-5. “ He that” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Righteous. Ver. 2. “Walketh ... worketh.’ Positive. There are 
 certain characteristics that may be counted as evidences of a godly life. 
 The righteous will be upright, just, truthful, honest. 
 
 2. Restrained. Ver. 3. “ Backbiteth not ... nor taketh up.” Negative. 
 Those who know how to withold false judgment or slander, who 
 can refrain from revenge and can curb their actions in retaliation, no 
 matter how justly provoked. 
 
 3. Regardful. Ver. 4. “ Honoreth them.’ Positive. Those who pay 
 proper regard to others by the things they suffer and bear as well 
 as by the actions they perform. Those who would rather be silent 
 and receive wrong, or who would tell the truth to their own loss. 
 
 4. Reciprocal. Ver. 5. “ Putteth not... taketh not.’ Negative. Again, 
 these are known by the things they do not do as well as by the things 
 they accomplish. They are careful not to take advantage of others in 
 their need, they will refrain from mercenary ambitions, and will 
 not take bribes. Such are known for that which they give, rather 
 than for the things they take. 
 
 Page 17 
 
PSALM XVI 
 THE GOLDEN PSALM 
 
 Theme: sJesus.cbActs 2 yi 25e003) e2o ocr aE rateemuonlcnoval: 
 Occasion: Unknown. Possibly 1 Sam. 26: 19. David sparing Saul. 
 
 I. PRESERVATION. Ver. 1-4. “ Preserve me” (ver. 1). God is interested 
 in individuals. He becomes to us, personally, a refuge, a covert 
 from the storm and tempest, a hiding-place. 
 
 1. Craving. Ver. 1. “ Preserve me.’ There is a longing in every soul for 
 the protection of Omnipotence. ‘Worldly shelters and policies fail 
 but our God “ faileth never.” 
 
 2. Confession. Ver. 2. “No good beyond thee” (R. V.). God alone is the 
 object of the soul’s trust and dependence. 
 
 3. Companionship. Ver. 3, 4. “Saints ... my delight” (ver. 3). Love 
 for God is an unfailing bond of union between God’s people 
 and leads to attachments and fellowships that the world cannot 
 give. 
 
 II. POSITION. Ver. 5-8. “Jehovah is the portion” (ver. 5). The godly 
 find their inheritance to be in Jehovah, an inheritance that is eternal 
 and that cannot pass away. . 
 
 1. Communion. Ver. 5. “Jehovah is my portion... my cup.’ God is 
 man’s greatest possession, greater than all his gifts, for having God 
 he possesses all things. 
 
 2. Contentment. Ver. 6, 7. “ Pleasant places”’ (ver. 6). God’s presence 
 and blessings make all things bright, make all places glad, make all 
 circumstances providential. 
 
 3. Confidence. Ver. 8. “J shall not be moved.’ Living in the presence 
 of God is the secret of a happy, useful, and glorious life. Nothing 
 can then bring panic to the soul. 
 
 III. PERPETUITY. Ver. 9-11. “ For evermore” (ver. 11). Things in this 
 world are not stable and never permanent. He alone is changeless 
 and eternal. He is the Alpha and the Omega. 
 
 1. Comfort. Ver. 9. “ My heart is glad.’ Things being transitory in this 
 life, we have no abiding-place, no place of rest. “ Change and decay 
 in all around I see.’ He abides. 
 
 2. Conviction. Ver. 10. “Thou wilt not leave my soul in the grave.” 
 There is a glimpse of immortality here that can hardly be set aside. 
 * Because he lives, I shall live also.’ 
 
 3. Confidence. Ver. 11. “Thou wilt show me the path of life.” “Vea, 
 though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear 
 no evil.” 
 
 Page 18 
 
PSALM XVII 
 THE PLAINTIVE PRAYER SONG 
 
 Theme: The ways of the wicked, and the hope of the righteous in God. 
 
 Occasion: Not mentioned. The writer has been through fire and escaped un- 
 harmed, though still in peril from foes. 
 
 I. PETITION FOR JUSTICE. Ver. 1,2. “Let my sentence come forth” 
 (ver. 2). The writer of this psalm is conscious of innocence, though 
 fully sensible of sin. He therefore prays that a just verdict may be 
 rendered in his behalf, and that God will vouchsafe to him the comfort 
 of divine vindication. 
 
 II. PURPOSE TO RESTRAIN. Ver. 3, 4. “ Purposed that my mouth shall 
 not transgress”’ (ver. 3). He is conscious that his case may be better 
 served by silence, and he is determined to keep the door of his lips 
 and guard his speech. He may even mean that he will not let 
 evil control any part of his being. It is true this is a negative 
 avoidance, but it is a positive purpose and will serve him in good 
 stead in the day of reckoning. 
 
 III. PRAYER FOR GUIDANCE. Ver. 5, 6. “ Hold my goings in thy paths” 
 (ver. 5). We may read this passage, “My steps have held fast.” 
 No man can forsake the paths of evil without having at the same 
 time guidance in the Lord’s paths. He restrained his feet as well as 
 his lips. 
 
 IV. PASSION FOR PROTECTION. Ver. 7-12. “Keep me as the apple 
 of thine eye” (ver. 8). Such a prayer predicates a close union with 
 God and a familiar walking with him. There is no more beautiful 
 symbol to be found than this of perfect and continual cleansing. The 
 eye is always protected, no matter what may assail it from without. 
 So God is asked to protect his children tenderly. 
 
 V. PLEA FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 13, 14. “Deliver my soul from the 
 wicked” (ver. 13). The transitory character of things around us is 
 considered, things in which the wicked trust for satisfaction. 
 
 VI. PREDICTION OF SATISFACTION. Ver. 15. “J shall be satisfied.” 
 This glorious resignation and confidence in God begets true satis- 
 faction of heart for this world and that which is to come. 
 
 Page 19 
 
PSALM XVIII 
 THE SONG OF THE GRATEFUL HEART 
 
 Theme: Grateful appreciation of gracious interposition in man’s behalf. 
 
 Occasion: Deliverance of David from Saul. 2 Sam. 22. Composed to be sung 
 in God’s house. 
 
 I, RESOLUTION. Ver. 1-3. “I will love ... trust... call” (ver. 1). 
 A beautiful invocation of devotion growing out of personal experience 
 of God’s gracious dealings. Hence this resolve to love, trust, and call 
 on God was based on a consciousness of God’s love for his children 
 and help in the hour of need. 
 
 II. RETROSPECT. Ver. 4, 5. “The sorrows of death compassed me” 
 (ver. 4). A vivid remembrance of the occasion makes it an experience 
 never to be forgotten. This is a clear and telling description of 
 David’s early life, standing out in memory midst a rising flood, when 
 he was all but lost, or, to change the figure, “ hunted to the gates of 
 death.” 
 
 III. RESCUE. Ver. 6-19. “He drew me out of many waters” (ver. 16). 
 How his soul turned to God in that extremity! And it was a coming 
 to One who will never disappoint, but who comes through the storm 
 to save us out of our peril. 
 
 IV. REDRESS. Ver. 20-29. “The Lord rewarded me” (ver. 20). The 
 charges of Saul against him were unquestionably false, and he was 
 conscious of innocence, though ever aware of sin. The Psalmist 
 counted on God’s interposition as a vindication and a reward for 
 uprightness. 
 
 V. RECAPITULATION. Ver. 30-45. “Thou hast delivered me” (ver. 43). 
 The same experience is stated more accurately, as though he cannot 
 let it go without telling again in a wider sense the wonderful deliver- 
 ance that has come to him; and reviewing it he merges into adoration 
 and praise. 
 
 VI. REASSURANCE. Ver. 46-50. “ Mercy to his anointed forever” (ver. 
 50). It is a lofty and noble close with victory ascribed to God. 
 There is recognition, too, of the purpose of his anointing—that God 
 may be made known to all men in all the earth. 
 
 Page 20 
 
PSALM XIX 
 A SONG OF MEDITATION AND PRAYER 
 
 Theme: Meditation on God’s two Books, Nature and Scripture. 
 
 Occasion: Searching of heart while tending flocks by night. 
 
 I. GOD’S WORLD REVEALED. Ver. 1-6. “The heavens declare’ 
 (ver. 1). We recognize this as a great revelation of the Creator of the 
 Universe. No one can stand beneath the starry sky and fail to feel 
 the force of this argument. 
 
 1. Glory. Ver. 1-4a. “The glory of God” (ver. 1). God is surely 
 made known by the works of his hand. The Universe may not have a 
 language of lip, but it is not speechless. Though voiceless it is silently 
 eloquent. And the testimony of this silent witness is heard day and 
 night continually. 
 
 2. Greatness. Ver. 4b-6. “For the sun” (ver. 4b). The vastness of 
 the universe constantly reveals the greatness of the Creator and 
 his unwaning strength. 
 
 II. GOD’S WORD REVERED. Ver. 7-11. “The law of the Lord” 
 (ver. 7). We have an even greater revelation than in nature through 
 the Eternal ‘Word of the Creator. 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 7-9. “The law of the Lord is—”’ (ver. 7). These are 
 not mere synonyms. Each word will be found to cover a different 
 attribute. All of these correspond to the manifold wonders of the 
 divine Mind. 
 
 2. Profit. Ver. 10, 11. “In keeping . . . great reward” (ver. 11). The 
 disobedient imagine the law robs them and count obedience to law a 
 species of imprisonment. The contrary is true. It frees a man and 
 brings delights unthought of, a “ peace that passeth understanding.” 
 
 III. GOD’S WORK REQUIRED. Ver. 12-14. “Cleanse ... keep back” 
 (ver. 12). The contemplation of God’s World and its invitation to 
 worship, of God’s Word and its allurement to study, leads to self- 
 examination. 
 
 1. Purifying. Ver. 12. “Cleanse thou me.’ When we see God work- 
 ing in his Universe, and know that he makes all things to “ work 
 together for good” to those who are in the right attitude toward him, 
 and when we see the standard he has set for us in his Word, we are 
 conscious of our shortcomings. There may be sins, however, we do 
 not see, secret to ourselves. 
 
 2. Preserving. Ver. 13, 14. “Keep back” (ver. 13). A beautiful bene- 
 diction ends this contemplation; prayer for grace which redeems, 
 sustains, saves, 
 
 Page 21 
 
PSALM XX 
 A NATIONAL BATTLE-SONG 
 
 Theme: Contemplation of the approaching of the enemy. Probably antiphonal. 
 
 Occasion: Many such events when the king was about to advance to battle. 
 
 I. INVOCATION. Ver. 1-4. “The Lord hear thee” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Acceptance. Ver. 1-3. “ Accept thy sacrifice” (ver. 3). It is the part 
 of loyalty in God’s children to pray for a ruler, if a visible king is to 
 be had. But the heart must be with the prayer and an offering or 
 sacrifice should accompany every petition as guaranty of sincerity. 
 
 2. Approval. Ver. 4. “Grant... and fulfil?’ When our will has been 
 made first of all God’s will, then he will approve the desires of our 
 heart and fulfil his purposes through us. 
 
 II, INTEGRITY. Ver. 5, 6. “We will rejoice ... set up” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Intention. Ver. 5a. “We will?’ There is no hope of triumph without 
 integrity of heart. There must be a definite purpose to put God in 
 his rightful place, and when this is done we may be assured of 
 victory before it takes place. 
 
 2. Importunity? Versob; 074, ol het Lord fulfil oC vers oD) am ineremcdte 
 always intercessory hearts, somewhere, anxious to add their prayers 
 to ours, and the comfort is that a larger number than we think are 
 set on God’s victory quite as much as we. 
 
 III. INCLINATION. Ver. 7, 8. “Some .. . we” (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Assumption. Ver. 7a. “ Some trust in.’ Here are two contrasts, the 
 godly and the ungodly, and you take your choice. The godly trust 
 in Jehovah. The ungodly are foolish enough to think that might 
 will win. 
 
 2. Assurance. Ver. 7b, 8. “ He will remember” (ver. 7b). The godly are 
 assured that RIGHT will triumph. Both cannot be right, and we 
 know which will win. But how different are the results to each in 
 their personal living! 
 
 IV. INTERCESSION. Ver. 9. “ Save, O Lord.” 
 1. Recovery. Ver. 9a. “Save.” This is a recapitulation, and reveals 
 final deliverance from the enemy. 
 2. Reassurance. Ver. 9b. “Let the king hear.’ The closing word is 
 one of confidence and encouragement to those who are called upon 
 anywhere or at any time to face the enemy in God’s name. 
 
 3 
 
 Page 22 
 
PSALM XXI 
 THE TRIUMPHAL SONG 
 
 Theme: Victory in battle and answer to prayer in hours of need. 
 
 Occasion: Not specially named. Some recent conquest. 
 
 I. THANKSGIVING FOR VICTORY PAST. Ver. 1-7. Praise. “The 
 king ... shall joy” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Answered Prayer. Ver. 1-3. “Thou hast given him” (ver. 1). It is 
 becoming in God’s people to acknowledge before the world the fact 
 of answered prayer. It is to be wondered how many of our prayers 
 fall short of being answered because we fail to acknowledge publicly 
 with a testimony God’s part in our behalf. All victories are here 
 ascribed to God who had delivered them from all their foes. Jehovah 
 had denied nothing that was good to the king; he went before and after 
 him in guidance and protection, and even crowned him and caused him 
 to be recognized as king and therefore God’s representative to his 
 people. 
 
 2. Added Privileges. Ver. 4-7. “ Even forever and ever” (ver. 4). There 
 were also given to him, in response to God’s grace, repose and 
 enjoyment. God gave him more than was asked for, he granted 
 him perpetuity in the sense of long duration. This concession was 
 embodied in the cry of the people, “ Long live the king.” 
 
 Il, THANKSGIVING FOR VICTORY PROMISED. Ver. 8-13. Prophecy. 
 “Thou shalt make them” (ver. 9). 
 
 j. Future Enemies. Ver. 8-12. “ All thine enemies” (ver. 8). This is 
 evidently addressed to Jehovah and is couched in the language of 
 expectation. It looks forward to the extermination of every foe, 
 and bases its hope on the remembrance of past mercies. The de- 
 structive effect of God’s countenance is also considered. Cf. Ps. 
 34 ul 2 
 
 2. Final Exaltation. Ver. 13. “Be thou exalted.’ Prayer is made for 
 present and final victory, that it may be complete and eternal, and 
 that God’s name may be held in honor. Thus would be fulfilled their 
 expectations and God would get everlasting glory. It is our privilege 
 to recognize God in all the affairs of life. For a time we may mourn 
 passing defeat, but he will finally come to our help and for victory, 
 so that we may be living monuments of his saving grace. 
 
 Page 23 
 
PSALM XXII 
 THE PSALM OF THE CROSS 
 
 Theme: Unutterable depths of suffering, a dark night, and the first light 
 of the morning. 
 
 Occasion: Some dark experience, and referable to Christ. Matt. 27 : 46. 
 
 I. CRY OF DESPAIR. Ver. 1-21. “My God, my God” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Approach. Ver. 1, 2. “Why hast thou forsaken me?” (ver. 1). The 
 struggle between faith and fear which brings self-reproach and yet 
 utters complaint. What the Psalmist recites in figure but could 
 never have experienced in the same degree, befell the Lord Jesus 
 in veritable fact. 7 
 
 2. Assurance. Ver. 3. “Thou art holy.’ Contemplating past responses it 
 becomes clear that the reason cannot be in Jehovah, for being holy, he 
 will not break a promise. 
 
 3. Argument. Ver. 4, 5. “They cried ... delivered them” (ver. 5). 
 When we see others in our plight who have been rescued, and we are 
 still in the darkness, the contrast is bitter and crushes the soul. 
 
 4. Acknowledgment. Ver. 6-10. “Thou art he that took me” (ver. 9). 
 A confession of abasement (cf. Isa. 41 : 14) and a recognition of 
 God’s providences. No suffering is so acute as that of a sensitive soul. 
 
 5. Appeal. Ver. 11-21. “Be not far from me” (ver. 11; also ver..19). 
 Once more he feels the darkness and has a dread fear that he has 
 been forsaken. He longs for God’s conscious presence to be with 
 him and to bring him peace. 
 
 II. CONSOLATION OF DELIVERANCE. Ver. 22-31. “He heard” 
 (ver. 24). 
 
 1. Promise. Ver. 22. “J will make known.’ He will endeavor to share 
 with others the rejoicing that has come to him in answered prayer, 
 and pledges that he will publish abroad the record of God’s dealings 
 with him. 
 
 2. Proclamation. Ver. 23, 24. “Ve that fear, praise him” (ver. 23). He 
 will call on men everywhere to worship with him this God of grace. 
 
 3. Praise. Ver. 25-27. “My praise shall be of thee” (ver. 25). Feasting 
 as an act of worship is becoming to a grateful heart, and the festival 
 is held in honor of Jehovah who is the giver of every gift. Cf. Lev. 
 Vie ioe 
 
 4. Power. Ver. 28. “The kingdom is Jehovah’s’’ God’s government and 
 watchcare over his own reveals not only his love but his might. 
 
 5. Promulgation. Ver. 29-31. “Jt shall be told of the Lord” (ver. 30). 
 He will publish abroad God’s wonderful doings. 
 
 Page 24 
 
PSALM XXIII 
 THE PSALM OF THE TRAVELER 
 
 Theme: God’s wonderful care of his own. Called “the Pearl of Psalms” and 
 also “ The Nightingale Psalm.” 
 
 Occasion: Any one of many experiences in a day’s tending of flocks. 
 
 I. PROVISION. Ver. 1-3. “J shall not want” (ver. 1). The needs of the 
 sheep are manifold, but they are all provided for by the Shepherd. 
 . Relation. “ Shepherd.” “ He is the Good Shepherd ” and cares for his own. 
 . Relief. Satisfied with his provision. 
 . Refreshment. God’s Word provides both rest and nourishment. 
 . Renewal. The Shepherd rescues lives that are in peril and restores. 
 . Regulation. He guides us in all our ways through all our days. 
 
 II. PROTECTION. Ver. 4. “Thou art with me.’ We have the Shepherd’s 
 presence, and he knows every path we must travel. 
 
 1. Contentment. We need fear no way of danger. 2. Courage. Nor are 
 we afraid of the enemy that appears. 3. Consolation. The companion- 
 ship of the Shepherd will allay all our fears. 4. Comfort. His pro- 
 tection and his care are a constant source of satisfaction. 
 
 III. PROVIDENCE. Ver. 5. “ Thou preparest.’ Peace may be ours in the 
 midst of warfare and planning in the face of every foe. 
 1. Prosperity. It takes highest skill and heroism to find feeding-places. 
 2. Purity. Oil is provided at nightfall for the bruises of the day. 
 3. Plenty. A large.cup filled to overflowing is for the quenching of our 
 thirst. Nothing is forgotten that makes for our comfort. 
 
 IV. PEACE. Ver. 6a. “ Goodness and mercy.” The day is done, the sheep are 
 in the fold, and all is at rest. 
 1. Benefaction. The Shepherd takes count of all and watches with eye 
 that never slumbers nor sleeps. 2. Benediction. His blessings come 
 to us in sad days and in glad days. “ His goodness faileth never.” 
 
 V. PARADISE. Ver. 6b. “In the house of the Lord”’ The song is hushed, 
 the sheep are all safely gathered in the fold, secure in the Shepherd’s 
 care and keeping. “ He 1s the good shepherd,’ he gives his life for 
 the sheep. 
 
 1. Pledge. “J will dwell.’ There is to be for us all “a house not made 
 with hands.’ “I'go to prepare a place for you”’ The Shepherd is — 
 now there. 2. Perpetuity. “ Forever,’ The chronometer of 
 eternity ticks on without ceasing. “They shall go out no more 
 forever.’ Ina land “ where congregations ne’er break up, and Sab- 
 baths have no end.” 
 
 mB WN 
 
 Page 25 
 
PSALM XXIV 
 THE SONG OF APPROACH TO GOD 
 
 Theme: Coming into the presence of God in his house. 
 
 Occasion: Perhaps sung when the Ark was taken to Jerusalem. 
 
 I. PREPARATION. Ver. 1-6. “Who shall ascend?” (ver. 3). No soul 
 should rush into the presence of the Lord unprepared. 
 
 ly Acclaim.” «Ver. 112. *" Dhe> earth 4s the Lord's (Nerael). 5 bhesuni- 
 versality of God’s possession of all things, and all lands and all men 
 reminds us that we are not owners but stewards, and that we must 
 some day give an account of our stewardship. 
 
 2. Approach. Ver. 3. “Who shall ascend ... stand?” No mortal may 
 come into the presence of Deity without meeting the requirements set 
 for his approach, for God is Holy. 
 
 3. Acceptance. Ver. 4-6. “ Clean hands and a pure heart.’ Before sinful 
 men may come into God’s presence, the sin that separates man from 
 God must be dealt with. Sin cannot stand before holiness, but a 
 sacrifice was provided for under the old ritual typifying the sacrifice, 
 Jesus that was to come. Sin has been finally dealt with on the cross. 
 
 II. PRESENCE. Ver. 7-10. “The king of glory shall come in” (ver. 7). 
 There is a pause as the procession proceeds and winds its way up 
 to the Temple. Self-examination is becoming those who would ascend 
 the hill of the Lord. 
 
 1. Charge. Ver. 7. “Lift up your heads.’ He is the “ King of kings” 
 to whom we are coming. He is the “ Lord of lords,’ These portals 
 are not high enough to admit him, these lintels hang too low to permit 
 him to enter. He is the lofty one of Israel. 
 
 2. Challenge. Ver. 8,9. “Who is this king?” (ver. 8). Probably asked in 
 antiphonal song and answered in the same way. The watchers ask 
 this twice. Who is he? What is his rank and race? The recogni- 
 tion is not reluctant but eager. They are anxious to respond in 
 chorus. “Jt 1s David’s greater Son.’ He is the one from all time 
 appointed to be at once the Sacrifice and the Sacrificer. He is the 
 true object of the worship of the whole world. The Psalm is certainly 
 prophetic of the Messiah. 
 
 3. Claim. Ver. 10. “Jehovah... he is the king.’ That sacred name! The 
 God of men and of angels. He who created the world and all that is 
 therein. He that has been from everlasting and will be to everlasting. 
 Surely this is a fit presentation of the Lord of glory returning to heaven 
 at his ascension. Throw open the doors of thy life, O my soul, and say, 
 “There is room in my heart, Lord Jesus, for thee.” 
 
 Page 26 
 
PSALM AXV 
 A PSALM OF PENITENCE 
 
 Theme: The Psalmist is experiencing great conflict of soul toward God. 
 Occasion: Not stated. May be Absalom’s rebellion. Cf. 2 Sam. 15: 6. 
 
 I. PROTECTION. Ver. 1-5. “ Thou art the God of my salvation” (ver. 5). 
 The soul flees to God as a dove flies to its cote. 
 1. Trust. Ver. 1-3. “J trust in thee” (ver. 2). To whom else may we go? 
 He is the soul’s true refuge and goal. 
 2. Teaching. Ver. 4, 5. “Teach me” (ver. 4). He does not ask his own 
 way but comes as a child, tractable, and teachable. 
 
 II. PATIENCE. Ver. 6-10. “ Remember not the sins” (ver. 7). 
 1. Grace. Ver. 6, 7. “Remember ... thy tender mercies” (ver. 6). God’s 
 eternal love is to be relied upon, his faithfulness is “ ever sure.” 
 2. Guidance. Ver. 8-10. “ The meek will he guide” (ver. 9). We learn 
 not only his truths but his ways. “His way is the best way, 
 though I may not see.” 
 
 III. PLENITUDE. Ver. 11-13. “Shall inherit the earth” (ver. 13). 
 1. Pardon. Ver. 11. “ Pardon mine iniquity.” ‘True penitence craves pardon 
 from God, if only to glorify his name. 
 2. Peace. Ver. 12, 13. “ His soul shall dwell at ease” (ver. 13). He who 
 puts his trust in God shall never be confounded. He may be un- 
 afraid under all circumstances and rest in peace. 
 
 IV. PARTNERSHIP. Ver. 14-16. “ Will’show his covenant” (ver. 14). 
 
 1. Revelation. Ver. 14. “The secret of the Lord.’ God whispers the 
 secrets of his love to his own children and where true reverence is 
 shown, he will make a revelation of his heart. ; 
 
 2. Rescue. Ver. 15, 16. “Shall pluck them out of the net” (ver. 15). 
 Though our eyes are toward heaven, our feet may become entangled 
 on earth. God may not always keep us out of the snare, but he 
 will finally deliver us and bring us safely home at last. 
 
 V. POWER. Ver. 17-22. “ Keep my soul” (ver. 20). 
 
 1. Restoration. Ver. 17-20. “Bring ... out of my distress” (ver. 17). 
 When the darkest hour comes, he will be near to keep us through its 
 watches and to restore us in the morning. 
 
 2. Redemption. Ver. 21, 22. “Redeem Israel” (ver. 22). Out of every 
 testing he will bring us triumphant, he will give us “songs in the 
 night,’ and at the end it will be found that he was leading us all 
 the way and was redeeming us by his grace. 
 
 Page 27 
 
PSALM XXVI 
 A SONG OF AVOWED INTEGRITY 
 
 Theme: False accusations and slander bring longing for vindication and protection. 
 
 Occasion: No clue. Some think upon the assassination of Ishbosheth. 
 
 I. REQUEST. Ver. 1-3. “ Examine me” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Protestation. Ver. 1. “J have trusted in Jehovah.’ The avowal of 
 innocence when falsely accused, which does not, however, exclude a 
 due sense of sin. He longs for vindication. 
 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 2. “ Prove me.’ God’s tribunal is just, and the Psalmist 
 feels safe to trust himself to the divine Will for testing. 
 
 3. Profession. Ver. 3. “JI have walked in thy truth.’ Here we have the _ 
 
 assurance of a true soul that has been severely tried and is still 
 confident that God sees and knows, and that he will take account and 
 deliver. 
 
 II. REVULSION. Ver. 4-8. “TJ hate the assembly of the wicked” (ver. 5). 
 1. Restriction. Ver. 4, 5. “I have not sat’? His sincerity is shown 
 by his complete separation from the ways and the haunts of the 
 wicked. He has persistently kept aloof from evil-doers and has 
 
 shunned even their companionship. 
 
 2. Repairing. Ver. 6.. “So will I compass thine altar.’ He seeks the 
 proper approach to God through the appointed sacrifices. “Be ye 
 clean, ye that bear the vessels of the Lord,’ teaches him to repair to 
 the altar with his offering if he would seek God’s face. 
 
 3. Regard. Ver. 7, 8. “TI love thy habitation” (ver. 8). He shows his 
 sincerity also by his ardent devotion to God’s house. It is good to 
 shun evil-doers, and to bring the proper sacrifice, but that is mere 
 negative goodness. With this is a consuming delight to be where 
 God’s honor dwelleth, and to seek the worship of God in positive 
 piety. 
 
 IIT. RESOLUTION. Ver. 9-12. “As for me” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 9, 10. “Gather my soul” (ver. 9). Thinking now of 
 the reaping-time, the Psalmist declares his desire that he may be 
 gathered with the godly when the harvest comes. 
 
 2. Purpose. Ver. 11. “J will walk in mine integrity.” He resolves also 
 to be upright and is conscious that he can do it only through the 
 redeeming grace of God. 
 
 3. Position. Ver. 12. “ My foot standeth.” The song ends with a confident 
 note of security. Beginning with a minor key, it closes in a pean 
 of praise and thanksgiving. 
 
 Page 28 
 
PSALM AXVII 
 A SONG OF HOPE 
 
 Theme: The blessing that comes from putting trust in God no matter what 
 the situation may be. 
 
 Occasion: The writer was pursued by enemies and excluded from the Temple. 
 1 Sam. 22 : 22 may be the background. Cf. Ps. 52. 
 
 I. CONFIDENCE IN GOD. Ver. 1-3. “In this will I be confident” 
 (vet. 3). 
 1. Defense. Ver. 1. “ Of whom shall I be afraid?” “If God be for us.” 
 What a shelter for the hunted, haunted soul! 
 2. Deliverance. Ver. 2, 3. “ They stumbled and fell” (ver. 2). A past 
 victory assures of the fact that God will in his own way and time 
 finally deliver the oppressed. 
 
 II. COMMUNION WITH GOD. Ver. 4-6. “ Dwell in the house of the 
 Lord” (ver. 4). j 
 1. Protection. Ver. 4,5. “In the secret ... shall he hide me” (ver. 5). 
 No divided purpose here, no vagrant desire. Fellowship with God 
 will screen the soul from every peril. 
 2. Praise. Ver. 6. “I will sing praise.’ A vow to offer praise and thanks- 
 giving. Only the redeemed can sing. 
 
 III. COMPASSION OF GOD. Ver. 7-12. “ Then the Lord will take me up” 
 (ver. 10). 
 
 1. Goodness. Ver. 7-10. “ Thow hast been my help’ (ver. 9; cf. ver. 13). 
 Every believer can say, “ Hitherto, hath the Lord helped us.’ So we 
 can sing, “ Here I raise my Ebenezer.” 
 
 2. Guidance. Ver. 11,12. “Lead me in a plain path” (ver. 11). Help is 
 sought for the rest of the way. We need directing and we need guid- 
 ing, we must know the way and find strength to walk therein. 
 
 IV. COMFORT FROM GOD. Ver. 13,14. “He shall strengthen thine heart” 
 (ver. 14). 
 
 1. Support. Ver. 13. “(If it had not been for) the goodness of the Lord.” 
 Faith is liable to lapse into fear. Hope is our support and stay 
 when faith grows weak. Our hope in God is based on past mercies. '* 
 
 2. Strength. Ver. 14. “He shall strengthen.” Many kinds of waiting, 
 including serenity and service. But here supplication. We need to 
 ask for strength to take care of every lapse of faith through weakness. 
 
 Page 29 
 
PSALM XXVIII 
 A SONG OF THE NIGHT 
 
 Theme: Misunderstood and persecuted, yet trusting God for deliverance. 
 
 Occasion: Not suggested. A time of darkness and depression. 
 
 ISPLEA. Versly2oie-Unto thee dorlicry. aver ly. 
 
 1, Silence. Ver. 1. “Be not silent.’ The Psalmist utters his cry to God 
 out of the dark and with it a prayer for succor and deliverance. The 
 very thought that God could be forever silent was maddening to his 
 soul. 
 
 2. Supplication. Ver. 2. “My supplications.’ The petition offered will 
 not count on refusal. The plural shows how many appeals had gone 
 up to the throne, and it bespeaks acceptance if importunity from loyal 
 hearts means anything to God. 
 
 II. PLAINT. Ver. 3-5. “ The wickedness of their endeavors” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Description. Ver. 3,4. “ Workers of iniquity.’ These evil-doers work 
 iniquity, and are not merely passive and indifferent. Deceit is on their 
 lips and violence in their hearts. Because he loves goodness, the 
 Psalmist recoils from their practises and will have none of their society. 
 
 2. Destiny. Ver. 5. “He shall destroy them.” Their fate haunts 
 him, and realizing how narrow is the escape from evil for all men, 
 he would escape from sharing their ruin. He has a certitude in his 
 heart that sin means death. This sense of the “ sinfulness of sin” in 
 the Psalmist keeps him from going the way of the ungodly. 
 
 III. PRAISE. Ver. 6-9. “With my song will I praise him” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Prayer Answered. Ver. 6. “He hath heard my supplications.” Here 
 is one of the Psalmist’s benedictions. This faith that prays is a 
 faith that possesses. He is assured in his heart of an answer before 
 it comes, and that it will be a reality in his experience. 
 
 2. Power Acquired. Ver. 7, 8. “My strength” (ver. 7). All who feel 
 their weakness can make this prayer. This is a confession of faith. 
 Being dependent on God he can become independent of those who 
 would assail him. He receives new strength and power for service 
 by renewed faith in God. 
 
 3. Peace Assured. Ver. 9. “Lift them up forever.’ This assurance is 
 for all who do God’s will. The Psalmist bears away the blessing 
 of a peace that “ passeth understanding.” All God’s people come 
 within this scope. He will be their Shepherd and will lift them up 
 forever. 
 
 Page 30 
 
PSALM XXIX 
 THE SONG OF THE STORM 
 
 Theme: The glory of God in every mood of nature. 
 
 Occasion: No special event. Surmised an equinoctial tornado on sea and land. 
 
 PPOSCRIP LION Vera 21 s.Give the Lord] (ver..1): 
 
 1. Honor. Ver. 1, 2a. “The glory due his name” (ver. 2). This word 
 seems to be addressed to angels and calls on them to ascribe to God 
 all the attributes that are set forth in nature. The Psalmist had appar- 
 
 ently witnessed some wonderful exhibition of God’s power in a storm. 
 The experience led him to think about God, and how little glory men 
 ascribe to his name. . 
 
 2. Holiness. Ver. 2b. “In the beauty of holiness.’ Angels must see the 
 majesty of God, and they know full well his holiness. The worship 
 of God on earth should be a type of that in heaven and it must seek to 
 regard his holiness. There is a marked contrast between the praise 
 we offer God in earthly worship and the power of God displayed in 
 the tumults of nature. The echo of God’s thunder is praise. We 
 need to learn the lesson that all convulsions in life are to lead us to 
 praise in storm or in sunshine. 
 
 II. ATTRIBUTES. Ver. 3-10. “The voice of the Lord” (ver. 3; seven 
 times). 
 
 1. Might. Ver. 3-9. “ Powerful” (ver. 4). This is a magnificent descrip- 
 tion of the storm witnessed, and in which the Psalmist discovered the 
 attributes of God. Nothing here could be exaggerated. When the 
 thunders roar and the clouds blacken and blot the sun from sight, then 
 the voice of God is heard over the tumult. Seven times does he hear 
 it, and each time it is indicative of God’s great might. 
 
 2. Majesty. Ver. 10. “ King forever.’ But the Psalmist hears a deeper 
 voice above the storm and tumult which tells him that the God 
 of it all calmly reigns. The songs of the temple continue while God 
 rides upon the storm. 
 
 III. ASSURANCE. Ver. 11. “The Lord will bless.” 
 
 1. Power. Ver. lla. “Will give strength”’ The Psalm ends with this 
 comforting word concerning God’s people that they may have a share 
 of his power exhibited in the storm. It is at their disposal and will 
 bless them if they’ are in true relationship to him. 
 
 2. Peace. Ver. 11lb. “Bless with peace.” Faith can weather every storm 
 and know in quiet confidence that the echo of every thunderclap is 
 glory, and that every tumult in life will end at last in peace. 
 
 Page 31 
 
PSALM XXX 
 A SONG OF DEDICATION 
 
 Theme: Chastened by sorrow and brought from the gates of death. 
 
 Occasion: Not certain. May be 1 Chron. 21; or more likely 2 Sam. 5 : 8-12; 
 ah, 
 
 I. GRATITUDE FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 1-3. “J will extol thee” 
 (vers1): 
 
 1. Healing. Ver. 1, 2. “Thou hast healed me” (ver. 2). God’s people 
 would do well, not only to recognize mercies received, but publicly 
 as well as privately to offer thanks. 
 
 2. Health. Ver. 3. “Kept me alive.’ Our lives are in God’s hands, and 
 are safe with him. He is interested in our bodies and in every 
 effort to keep them clean for his use. 
 
 II. GROUNDS FOR PRAISE. Ver. 4, 5. “ His anger is but for a moment.” 
 1. Holiness. Ver. 4. “Remembrance of his holiness.’ Only those who 
 have been redeemed can truly sing. The Psalmist would have 
 others who have known God’s grace join him. 
 2. Happiness. Ver. 5. “Joy cometh in the morning.” If we sing songs 
 in the night, when the day dawns we shall offer praise. 
 
 III. GRACE FOR SELF-CONFIDENCE. Ver. 6,7. “Thy favor” (ver. 7). 
 1. Presumption. Ver. 6. “J said, I shall never be moved.’ False hopes 
 which depend only on outward circumstances lead men to forget. 
 2. Punishment. Ver. 7. “Thou didst hide thy face.’ Not to have the 
 approval of God is severe punishment for a true believer. 
 
 IV. GUIDANCE THROUGH PRAYER. Ver. 8-10. “J made supplication” 
 (ver. 8). 
 1. Solicitude. Ver. 8. “J cried unto the Lord.’ Prayer is the soul’s certain 
 refuge. He is “a very present help in trouble.” 
 2. Succor. Ver. 9, 10. “Be thou my helper” (ver. 10). God alone can 
 help and bring to us strength in time of weakness. 
 
 V. GLADNESS FOR SORROW. Ver. 11, 12. “ Girded me with gladness” 
 (versal); 
 
 1. Gratification. Ver. 11. “ Mourning into dancing.’ Here is a contrast, 
 from sorrow into joy, from panic to peace, from mourning into rejoic- 
 ing. Surely the soul should be grateful for such a change! 
 
 2. Gratitude. Ver. 12. “J will give thanks forever.’ Praise is due to 
 God for all his goodness. Our thanksgivings should specially go 
 up for mercies received. We should offer our gratitude for help 
 given, gladness enjoyed, and sorrows past. 
 
 Page 32 
 
PSALM XXXI 
 A SONG OF FEAR AND FAITH 
 
 Theme: Contemplation of danger from foes, yet expressing confidence that God 
 will ultimately deliver. 
 
 Occasion: Not settled. May be treachery of men of Keilah, or perhaps 1 Sam. 
 23 : 19-26, or else Absalom’s rebellion. A time of unusual affliction. 
 
 I. REFUGE. Ver. 1-5. “In thee do I take refuge’ (ver. 1). 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 1, 2. “Deliver me speedily” (ver. 2). The tested soul 
 avows its faith in the petitions it dares offer for God’s protection. 
 2. Assurance. Ver. 3-5. “Into thy hand” (ver. 5). What words these to 
 be chosen as the last on the cross from the lips of the Saviour! We 
 can trust our case with God. 
 
 II. REJOICING. Ver. 6-8. “ Rejoice in thy loving-kindness” (ver. 7). 
 1. Gladness. Ver. 6, 7a. “TI will be glad” (ver. 7). Past mercies make 
 us grateful, and to count our blessings will change our mood. 
 2. Guarding. Ver. 7b, 8. “Thou hast set my feet’ (ver. 8). God has 
 protected our feet and brought us to freedom. 
 
 III. REPINING. Ver. 9-13. “J am in distress” (ver. 9). 
 1. Grief. Ver. 9, 10. “ Wasteth away with grief” (ver. 9). “ Mine is a 
 special case, O God.” Brought to daily and constant mourning. 
 2. Grievance. Ver. 11-13. “I have heard the defaming” (ver. 13). 
 Despised, reproached, and then forgotten in turn, and the slanderer 
 unreproved! 
 
 IV. RECOVERY. Ver. 14-18. “ But I trusted in thee” (ver. 14). 
 
 1. Dependence. Ver. 14, 15. “ My times are in thy hand” (ver. 15). Prayer 
 renews faith and trust. Allegiance to God leads to putting the case 
 in his hands. 
 
 2. Destruction. Ver. 16-18. “ Let the wicked be put to shame” (ver. 17). 
 At last we shall be vindicated so that we can defy the enemy. 
 
 V. RECOGNITION. Ver. 19-24. “ How great is thy goodness” (ver. 19). 
 1. Protection. Ver. 19-21. “In the covert of thy presence” (ver. 20). 
 Supplication leads to singing again. 
 2. Preservation. Ver. 22-24. “ Preserved the faithful” (ver. 23). Confes- 
 sion and thanksgiving go hand in hand. 
 
 Page 33 
 
PSALM XXXII 
 THE SONG OF FORGIVENESS 
 
 Theme: The joy and peace which comes from a sense of forgiven sin. 
 
 Occasion: Bathsheba and Uriah. Confession to Nathan and to God. 
 
 I. BLESSEDNESS OF FORGIVENESS. Ver. 1-7. 
 
 1. Pardon. Ver. 1-4. “ Transgression is forgiven” (ver. 1). 
 
 (1) Gladness. Ver. 1,2. “ Blessed” (ver. 1). The joy of knowing that we 
 have been made right with God, and that our sin is covered and no 
 longer appears against us. 
 
 (2) Gloom. Ver. 3, 4. “My bones waxed old” (ver. 3). “ Conscience 
 makes cowards of us all.” “If our heart condemn us not, then have 
 we confidence toward God.” 
 
 2. Penitence. Ver. 5-7. “J will confess” (ver. 5). 
 
 (1) Confession. Ver. 5. “I acknowledge.’ Solicitude over sin brought 
 confession of guilt and that meant composure and confidence once 
 more. 
 
 (2) Covert. Ver. 6,7. “Thou art my hiding place” (ver. 7). There was 
 now no controversy with God. Thus can we find rest in the secret 
 place, for he is our sure and safe retreat. 
 
 II. BENEFITS OF FORGIVENESS. Ver. 8-11. 
 
 1. Protection. Ver. 8,9. “The way that thou shouldst go” (ver. 8). 
 
 (1) Counsel. Ver. 8. “I will counsel thee” (R. V.). Insured against 
 taking the wrong path, the counsel of our God becomes our consola- 
 tion and our confidence. 
 
 (2) Caution. Ver. 9. “Be not.’ The restraining providences of God will 
 save us when we become rebellious, and we shall become tractable 
 and fit for his use. 
 
 2. Peace. Ver. 10, 11. “Compass him about’ (ver. 10). 
 
 (1) Goodness. Ver. 10. “ Lovingkindness.’ God’s love is ever round 
 about us, and continually fills our hearts with cheer. 
 
 (2) Gladness. Ver. 11. “Glad in Jehovah.’ His joy will flood our lives 
 and we shall be at rest. For to be right with God is to know true peace. 
 
 Page 34 
 
PSALM XXXII 
 A SONG OF PRAISE FOR PROTECTION 
 
 Theme: Many reasons for praise, especially deliverance and protection. 
 
 Occasion: Nothing to determine, unless reference to deliverance from the 
 
 — 
 
 18 
 
 Egyptians at the Red Sea. Cf. ver. 16, 19. 
 
 . BLESSEDNESS OF PRAISE. Ver. 1-11. “ Praise is comely” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Requirements for Praise. Ver. 1-3. 
 
 (1) Pleasure. Ver. 1. “Rejoice in Jehovah” (ver. 1). Joy is the soul of 
 praise, and the recounting of blessings brings pleasure. 
 
 (2) Playing. Ver. 2. “With the harp.’ Many instruments were used 
 in the Temple services. 
 
 (3) Praising. Ver. 3. “Sing ...anew song.’ Choral praise had a large 
 place in all the worship of God’s House. 
 
 2. Reasons for Praise. Ver. 4-11. 
 
 (1) Character of God. Ver. 4, 5. “He loveth righteousness” (ver. 5). 
 He is good and faithful, and all his ways are right. 
 
 (2) Creation of God. Ver. 6-9. “He spake, and it was done’ (ver. 9). 
 By his word were all things created, the universe is in his hand. 
 
 (3) Counsels of God. Ver. 10,11. “ Counsel of Jehovah” (ver. 11). He 
 is all-wise, and his will is right and best. He does not change his pur- 
 pose, neither can it be frustrated. 
 
 BLESSEDNESS OF PIETY. Ver. 12-22. “Whose God is the Lord” 
 (vers 12): 
 
 1. Safety of the Godly. Ver. 12-19. 
 
 (1) God Sees. Ver. 12-15. “Looketh upon all” (ver. 14). God is all- 
 seeing. “ His eye is on the sparrow, and I know he watches me.” 
 
 (2) God Saves. Ver. 16-19. “ Deliver their soul from death” (ver. 19). 
 God is Almighty, the ruler of nations. Right is his might. “ His hand 
 goes with his eye.” 
 
 2. Security of the Godly. Ver. 20-22. 
 
 (1) Guardianship. Ver. 20. “Our help and shield.’ God watches over, 
 preserves, protects. It is ours to trust and wait on him. 
 
 (2) Grace. Ver. 21, 22. “Let thy mercy be upon us” (ver. 22). Those 
 who fear him and trust in his name shall know his wondrous mercy 
 and grace. “ According to your faith” it shall be unto you. 
 
 Page 35 
 
PSALM XXXIV 
 THANKSGIVING FOR UNDESERVED DELIVERANCE 
 
 Theme: When a man plays the fool before God and is forgiven and delivered 
 from the consequences of his folly. 
 
 Occasion: Before Abimelech and the escape of the writer from Achish, king 
 otsGath. solo ame Zi CiO-to, 
 
 I. PRAISE. Ver. 1-5. “Thy praise shall continually be in my mouth” 
 (ver. 1). A vow of thanksgiving and a call on others to join him. 
 The Psalmist would make Jehovah’s fame great among the sons of 
 men. 
 
 II. PRAYER. Ver. 6. “Cried... heard.’ Returning to his own case, at 
 
 once and forever was he saved from his woes. A testimony to 
 answered prayer. 
 
 III. PROTECTION. Ver. 7. “Around about them that fear him” Warrant 
 for believing angels guard God’s children and watch over them with 
 sleepless eyes. 
 
 IV. PROCLAMATION. Ver. 8. “O taste and see’? Religion is an experi- 
 mental matter and is proved by personal relationships. If we will 
 to believe we shall know. 
 
 V. PROMISE. Ver.9,10. “ Shall not want” (ver. 10). No want! Awesome, 
 wholesome, reverent fear of God! When men cease to fear God, it is 
 easy for them to condone evil. “ The fear of the Lord is the begin- 
 ning of wisdom.” To such as fear him the promise is that nothing will 
 be denied that is good. 
 
 VI. PERSEVERANCE. Ver. 11-16. “Depart from evil and do good” 
 (ver. 14). The Psalmist gives a lesson on how to continue upright. 
 Guarding the tongue, that “unruly member,’ refusing company with 
 evil or evil-doers, and doing good as well as being good. Pursuing, 
 persevering. 
 
 VII. PRESERVATION. Ver. 17-22. “ Delivered them out of all their trouble ” 
 (ver. 17). God’s personal interest and approval protecting and pre- 
 serving the godly, even to the keeping of his “ bones,” and the promise 
 that not one shall be deserted. 
 
 Page 36 
 
 =e > 
 
PSALM XXXV 
 A SONG OF APPEAL 
 
 Theme: When the Psalmist’s life was in danger from foes who had professed 
 friendship and had received kindness, but had proved to be ingrates and 
 enemies. 
 
 Occasion: None designated. Perhaps when hunted by Saul and slandered by 
 traitors. 
 
 I. PRAYER. Ver. 1-10. 
 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 1-3. “Plead my cause, O Lord” (ver. 1). The Psalmist’s 
 cause was always God’s cause, his fight God’s battle. 
 
 2. Avenging. Ver. 4-8. “Let them be” (ver. 5). Imprecations must be 
 remembered in the light of the way the Psalmist identified his cause 
 with God. 
 
 3. Ascription. Ver. 9, 10. “Who is like unto thee” (ver, 10). Ascribes 
 glory of rescue to God and renders thanksgiving. 
 
 HMoOPLAIN TY. «Vers 11-18. 
 
 1. Injustice. Ver. 11, 12. “ They rewarded me evil for good” (ver. 12). 
 Unjust methods of the false witness and “evil for good” rankle in 
 the Psalmist’s soul. 
 
 2. Ingratitude. Ver. 13,14. “When they were sick ...I behaved” (ver. 
 13). The more bitter was his case because he had befriended these 
 foes in their troubles. ; 
 
 3. Inhumanity. Ver. 15-18. “Tear me, and ceased not” (ver. 15). They 
 jeered at him in his calamities, slandered his good name, and 
 treated him as dogs tearing their prey. 
 
 iii LEA..Ver. 19-28. 
 
 1. Justice. Ver. 19-23. “Justice due me” (ver. 23, R. V.). The Psalmist 
 calls on the great Judge to vindicate in his behalf, sure that with 
 clear conscience he is safe in God’s hands. 
 
 2. Judgment. Ver. 24-26. “Judge me, O Jehovah” (ver. 24). God is a 
 righteous Judge, and the Psalmist is willing to abide by his decision. 
 
 3. Joy. Ver. 27, 28. “ Let them shout for joy that favor my righteous cause ” 
 (ver. 27). Victory at last in place of lament. 
 
 Page 37 
 
PSALM XXXVI 
 THE SONG OF GOD’S MERCY 
 
 Theme: When the Psalmist contrasts the wicked with the righteous, and con- 
 templates the goodness of God. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. 
 
 I. FAILURE OF THE WICKED. Ver. 1-4. “No fear of God” (ver. 1). 
 1. Creed. Ver. 1, 2. “Saith within his heart’ (ver. 1). What a man 
 really believes, he does. Sin beguiles men into adopting a false 
 creed, and because the conception of God is sentimental, they are no 
 longer afraid of him. 
 2. Conduct. Ver. 3,4. “ Deviseth imquity” (ver. 4). A man acts accord- 
 ing to his real creed. Deceitful words, diabolical deeds devised by 
 night and accomplished by day—this is the persistent pursuit of evil. 
 
 II. FAITHFULNESS OF GOD. Ver. 5-12. “Thy faithfulness reacheth 
 unto the skies” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 5-9. “Thy lovingkindness” (ver. 5). How different the 
 case of the godly! His is the persistent pursuit of that which is 
 good. 
 
 (1) Preservation. Ver. 5-7. “Thou preservest man and beast” (ver. 6). 
 The godly will be protected. So God’s mercy first engages the atten- 
 tion, and assures of God’s care over all. 
 
 (2) Provision. Ver. 8, 9. “ Satisfied with thy fatness” (ver. 8). What 
 abundance God provides! True joy and pleasures are to be found 
 in him, and in addition life forevermore. 
 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 10-12. “O continue” (ver. 10). <A grateful heart will 
 turn from praise to prayer. 
 
 (1) Oversight of the Godly. Ver. 10, 11. “ Lovingkindness unto them 
 that know thee” (ver. 10). A continuance of past mercies is the 
 first plea. He would put himself into God’s hands for guidance 
 and grace, 
 
 (2) Overthrow of the Godless. Ver. 12. “They are thrust down.’ The 
 believing heart can count on God beforehand. 
 
 Page 38 
 
PSALM XXXVII 
 A SONG OF SECURITY 
 
 Theme: Perplexity over the character and seeming prosperity of the wicked and 
 assurance of security for the righteous. 
 
 Occasion: None suggested. 
 
 I. PERPLEXITIES. Ver. 1-8. 
 
 1. Character of the Godless. Ver.1, 2. (1) Description. Ver. 1. “Workers 
 of iniquity.” God knows all about them, and observes all their doings. 
 (2) Destiny. Ver. 2. “Cut down.’ They may flourish for a time, 
 but in the end shall be brought to naught. 
 
 2. Confidence of the Godly. Ver. 3-8. (1) Trust. Ver. 3-5. “ Trust 
 in the Lord” (ver. 3). God is the refuge of the righteous, therefore 
 DO GOOD. (2) Triumph. Ver. 6-8. “Bring forth righteousness” 
 (ver. 6). They are sometimes in distress, but shall later know joy. 
 Patience brings rest. 
 
 Il. PROBLEMS. Ver. 9-34. 
 
 1. The Lot of the Godless. Ver. 9-15. (1) Doom. Ver. 9, 10. “ Cut off” 
 (ver. 9). The ungodly will not prosper forever, their time is coming. 
 (2) Destiny. Ver. 11-15. “Sword shall enter their own heart” 
 (ver. 15). The righteous will not suffer forever, their persecutions 
 will be futile, and ‘the time of their persecutors will come. 
 
 2. The Lot of the Godly. Ver. 16-34. (1) Plenty. Ver. 16-19. “A little 
 better” (ver. 18). The righteous may have but little means, but it 
 is better than all the possession of the wicked. (2) Peace. Ver. 20-34. 
 “ He delighteth in his way” (ver. 23). The godly may seem to have 
 hard times, but they always have enough, while the wicked seem to 
 prosper but shall melt and vanish like smoke. If the righteous fall, 
 God will be found to be underneath. 
 
 Ill. PROVIDENCES. Ver. 35-40. 
 
 1. Judgment. Ver. 35-37. (1) Extinction. Ver. 35, 36. “He could not be 
 found.’ The wicked may prosper to their end, but that end will be 
 obliteration. (2) Evxaltation. Ver. 37. “ Happy end.’ The end of 
 the godly is peace. 
 
 2. Justice. Ver. 38-40. (1) Destruction. Ver. 38. “ Destroyed together.” 
 No one upholds the wicked and their end is destruction. (2) 
 Deliverance. Ver. 39, 40. “The Lord shall deliver them” (ver. 40). 
 The righteous shall be forevermore. 
 
 Page 39 
 
PSALM XXXVIII 
 THE PRAYER OF A SUFFERING PENITENT 
 
 Theme: At a time of great sickness and dire calamity, when the Psalmist 
 feels himself deserted. 
 
 Occasion: None noted and no hint. 
 
 I. CONVICTION. Ver. 1-8. “There is no soundness” (ver. 3,7). God 
 is invoked at each outburst of grief, and each time the Psalmist 
 looks up, the burden is lighter. 
 
 1. Condemnation. Ver. 1-5. “ Mine iniquities have gone over my head” 
 (ver. 4). Sorrow finds relief in self-condemnation and in repeating its 
 complaint. The judgments are recognized as deserved. | 
 
 2. Conviction. Ver. 6-8. “J go mourning” (ver. 6). A consciousness of 
 sin and penitence; cf. ver. 18. He spreads it all before God. 
 
 Il COMPLAINT. Ver. 9-14. “My strength fails me” (ver. 10). He looks 
 up to God again, and this time his complaint is calmer, though he is 
 still agitated over his condition and pleads for mercy. 
 
 1. Neglect of Friends. Ver. 9-11. “ My friends stand aloof” (ver. 11). 
 From telling God of his troubles, he thinks of the desertion of those 
 he should have counted on to befriend him. His kin are not kind. 
 This may be one of the “ arrows ”’; cf. ver. 2. ; 
 
 2. Negotiations of Foes. Ver. 12-14. “Lay snares for me” (ver. 12). 
 It is of secret and open enemies and their plottings he now makes chief 
 complaint. Like the Lord to come, “he openeth not his mouth” to 
 men but spreads it all before God. 
 
 III. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 15-22. “In thee do I hope” (ver. 15). Again an 
 upward look, and once more a calmer heart and utterance. 
 
 1. Assurance. Ver. 15-20. “ Thou wilt answer” (ver. 15). Now he is sure 
 Jehovah knows and cares. He counts his petition as already granted, 
 and only a lingering and subdued murmur of his woes escapes him. 
 
 2. Appeal. Ver. 21, 22. “ Forsake me not” (ver. 21). The reasons for 
 renewed confidence having all been rehearsed, he makes a closing plea. 
 He cannot wait for the assured deliverance, so eager is he for peace. 
 And his sense of sin merges into joy of salvation. | 
 
 Page 40 
 
 ee a a 
 
PSALM XXXIX 
 AN ODE OF SORROW AND SUBMISSION 
 
 Theme: A period of great distress and affliction, when the heart was tempted 
 to rail at God’s providences, but was made submissive by musing on God’s 
 love. 
 
 Occasion: None noted. 
 
 I. SILENCE. Ver. 1, 2. “Dumb with silence” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Resolve. Ver. la. “J will take heed.’ Will put a restraint on his 
 tongue for God’s honor. 
 
 2. Repression. Ver. lb. “J will keep my mouth.’ He will muzzle his 
 lips, for bad men are sure to misuse and wrongly interpret our 
 doubtings and railings of heart. 
 
 3. Reaction. Ver. 2. “My sorrow was stirred.’ He was wrong, however, 
 to hold silence toward God and in the presence of good. It sounds 
 like sullenness of soul. 
 
 II. SPEECH. Ver. 3-6. “Then I spake with my tongue” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Anguish. Ver. 3. “My heart was hot.’ The friction of inward 
 thoughts and resentment unexpressed brings fire. The more he 
 mused, the hotter he got till his anguish broke forth into words. 
 Like a pent-up fire, he flamed till he could not but speak. 
 
 2. Abridgment. Ver. 4, 5. “My days are as an handbreadth.’ Was he 
 like Elijah under the juniper tree? He dwells on the brevity of 
 life and the frailty of man. 
 
 3. Admission. Ver. 6. “ Knoweth not.’ Life seems like a passing pageant. 
 So is he who lays not up for himself treasure in heaven, as one who 
 has sheaved his wheat only to suffer another to bear it away. 
 
 III. SUBMISSION. Ver. 7-13. “My hope is in thee” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Plaintive. Ver. 7, 8. “Make me not” (ver. 8). In all this the Psalmist 
 learned to lay hold on God. He is now as clay in the hands of the 
 potter. 
 
 2. Passive. Ver. 9-11. “J was dumb” (ver. 9). This second time he is 
 silent, not through resolve, but by submission. He is purged of 
 sullenness and sweetened by surrender. 
 
 3. Prayerful. Ver. 12, 13. “Hear my prayer” (ver. 12). A _ beautiful 
 climax of earnest appeal. Weeping eyes are never turned to heaven in 
 vain. Comfort comes in the morning. 
 
 Page 41 
 
PSALM XL 
 A SONG OF PRAISE AND PRAYER 
 
 Theme: Contemplating an experience of deliverance, yet conscious always 
 of his need of help. 
 
 Occasion: None stated. But referable to Christ. (Heb. 10: 5-9.) 
 
 I. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF DEALINGS. Ver. 1-3. “ Established my 
 goings” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Salvation. Ver. 1,2. “Brought me out of” (ver. 2). True gratitude 
 sees what the soul has been rescued from as well as what it is 
 saved to, and adores the Saviour for his grace. 
 
 2. Song. Ver. 3. “ Even praise unto our God.’ No song will ever rival 
 that of the Redeemed, and none but they can sing that song. | 
 
 II. APPRECIATION OF DEVOTION. Ver. 4, 5. “Thy thoughts to us- 
 ward’ (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Blessedness. Ver. 4. “That man that maketh.’ The happiness of 
 Psalm 1. But blessedness is happiness—plus peace. It is faith that 
 holds us steady. 
 
 2. Blessings. Ver. 5. “ More than can be numbered.’ “Count your bless- 
 ings, name them one by one.’ ‘They are beyond computation. 
 
 III. AVOWAL OF DEDICATION. Ver. 6-10. “J delight to do thy will” 
 Pyerero): 
 
 1. Preparation. Ver. 6-8. “Thy law is within my heart” (ver. 8). This 
 brings us face to face with the One to whom alone this is finally 
 referable. He was prepared for the shadows of the Cross and for the 
 Sacrifice itself. 
 
 2. Proclamation. Ver. 9, 10. “ Preached righteousness” (ver. 9). Jesus of 
 all others through all time preached righteousness as it should be pro- 
 claimed. He of all others declared the truth without fear or favor. 
 Yet in it all he revealed the eternal love of God. 
 
 IV. APPEAL FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 11-17. “Be pleased, O Lord, to 
 deliver me.” 
 
 1. Preservation. Ver. 11-13. “ Continually preserve me” (ver. 11). The 
 Psalmist no doubt spake better than he knew. A plaintive utterance 
 and a lofty desire. 
 
 2. Proclamation. Ver. 14-17. “The Lord be magnified” (ver. 16). He 
 would promote God’s eternal glory and the spread of his kingdom 
 by every breath and word. 
 
 Page 42 
 
 
 
PSALM XLI 
 A PRAYER FOR REQUITAL 
 
 Theme: A false return for loving-kindness but prayer for recompense to those 
 who were true. 
 
 Occasion: No one noted, but a time of bodily suffering and mental anguish over 
 ingratitude of those closely related. Parts of this Psalm evidently referable 
 to the betrayal of Christ. 
 
 I. COMPASSION. Ver. 1-3. “ Considereth the poor” (ver. 1). This Psalm 
 opens with a benediction and closes with a doxology. 
 
 1. Recompense. Ver. 1, 2. “Deliver him in time of trouble” (ver. 1). 
 He who is compassionate will reap compassion. The obverse is 
 implied. 
 
 2. Requital. Ver. 3. “ Make all his bed in sickness.” The reward of 
 goodness is goodness. Here is poetic justice upheld. God metes 
 out to us with our own measure. 
 
 II. CONFESSION. Ver. 4. “Sinned against thee.” 
 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 4a. “Be merciful unto me.’ The Psalmist never loses 
 sight of his own unworthiness, and pleads not merits but mercy. He 
 longs for healing of body and soul. 
 
 2. Acknowledgment. Ver. 4b. “J have sinned.’ An ever-present con- 
 sciousness of sin as the root of sorrow. The only way this part of 
 the Psalm could be referred to Jesus would be in his identification 
 with the sinner, being “ made sin for us who knew no sin.’ It does 
 apply to all sinners. 
 
 III. COMPLAINT. Ver. 5-9. “ Mine enemies ... mine own... friend” 
 (ver. 5, 9): 
 
 1. Calumny. Ver. 5, 6. “Speaketh falsehood” (ver. 6, R. V.). It is 
 not easy to escape the slanderer’s tongue; the words of the enemy 
 are at best but mockery. 
 
 2. Conspiracy. Ver. 7-9. “ Devised my hurt” (ver. 7). The spy and 
 traitor was in his company, scheming and plotting his downfall. 
 “The man of my peace” who should have ministered comfort has 
 administered pain. 
 
 IV. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 10-13. “J know thou favorest my cause” (ver. 10). 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 10-12. “Be merciful unto me” (ver. 10). The token of 
 God’s favor assures and inspires prayer for recovery. 
 ‘2. Praise. Ver. 13. “ Blessed be the Lord God of Israel.’ Let God be 
 glorified forever. 
 
 Page 43 
 
DOXOLOGY 
 PSALM 41 : 13 
 
 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, from everlasting, arts to everlasting. 
 Amen, and Amen. 
 
 = — = = rl 
 
BOOK TWO 
 PSALMS FORTY-TWO TO SEVENTY-TWO 
 
 GOD OUR MIRACLE-WORKER 
 “Who only doeth wondrous things.’ —Ps. 72 : 18. 
 

 
PSALM XLII 
 A PRAYER OF THE LONELY SOUL 
 
 Theme: Removed from the opportunity of outward worship, and longing for 
 the Temple services. 
 
 Occasion: Not unlikely David’s flight from Absalom. 2 Sam. 17 : 24. 
 
 I. LONELY FOR GOD’S HOUSE. Ver. 1-5. “To the house of God” 
 (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Communion. Ver. 1, 2. “ Thirsteth for God, for the living God.” 
 Debarred from public worship with God’s people, the writer is heart- 
 sick and lonely for God as one athirst for water. 
 
 2. Chaff. Ver. 3. “Where is thy God?” The chagrin of taunting that 
 reflects on God’s loving watchcare! 
 
 3. Contrast. Ver. 4. “TJ had gone with the multitude.” In addition there 
 were the recollections of other days when he could attend the Temple 
 worship and mingle with God’s people. 
 
 4. Challenge. Ver. 5. “Why art thou cast down?’ His soul will not 
 give way. Here is the challenge of faith. Sighing will give place 
 to singing, sorrow to song. 
 
 II. LONGING FOR GOD’S HELP. Ver. 6-11. “ The help of my counte- 
 mance’’ (ver. 11). 
 
 1. Affliction. Ver. 6,7. “‘Waves ... billows are gone over me” (ver. 7). 
 The Psalmist goes back to his lament but is more tranquil. He 
 reveals a deep longing; if there is less loneliness, there is more yearning 
 that seeks its answer in God. 
 
 2. Assuaging. Ver. 8. “The Lord will command his lovingkindness.” The 
 song is coming back again. Prayer and praise mingle in the heart 
 of faith. 
 
 3. Agitation. Ver. 9, 10. “Mine enemies reproach me” (ver. 10). A 
 perturbed soul finding its way out. The mocking taunts still sting, 
 the words wound, his case is baffling, but there is the dawning of 
 light in his soul. 
 
 4, Assurance. Ver. 11. “I shall yet praise him.’ ‘The challenge of 
 the soul is renewed, and God’s help is made certain to faith, as 
 certain as though it were already given. In anticipation he now 
 lives in the hope of victory. 
 
 Page 4/7 
 
PSALM ALIII 
 A PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE 
 
 Theme: Similar to that of the preceding Psalm. 
 
 Occasion: Same as Ps. 42 if latter was originally part of this psalm. But no 
 reason for doubting this is a separate ode. 
 
 I. THE BELIEVER’S CRY. Ver. 1-3. “Plead my cause” (ver. 1). This 
 Psalm may well have been written at some other time and never have 
 been part of Ps. 42 as some believe. 
 
 1. Justice. Ver. 1,2. “Judge me, O Lord” (ver. 1). Complains of injustice 
 
 . done to him, but the believer finds refuge in God, and appeal to his 
 justice is not in vain. God’s cause and his own are identical, so he is 
 sure of a just verdict. 
 
 2. Joy. Ver. 3. “ Bring me unto thy holy hill?’ The gladness of the divine 
 presence mieten the gloom; with God to guide, he will come at last 
 to the Father’s house. Suffering only drives the godly to seek com- 
 munion with God. 
 
 II. THE BELIEVER’S COMFORT. Ver. 4. “Then will I go.’ If such 
 a deliverance should be vouchsafed, then he will offer two things in 
 thanksgiving. 
 
 1. Sacrifice. Ver. 4a. “TJ will go unto the altar.’ His first resort would be 
 to the Temple, and there he would bring not only the required obla- 
 tion, but his whole heart would be offered as a burnt-offering of 
 dedication. “ The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken and 
 a contrite heart.” 
 
 2. Song. Ver. 4b. “Upon the harp will I praise thee.’ Such skill and 
 talent as were at his command would be at God’s disposal. The harp 
 would be but the accompaniment of the song in his heart and on his 
 lips. 
 
 Ill. THE BELIEVER’S CONFIDENCE. Ver. 5. “J shall yet praise him.” 
 Here again is the refrain of Ps. 42. No objection can be found 
 to believing the Psalmist would use it again in composing a new ode. 
 
 1. Challenge. Ver. 5a. “Why art thou?” No ground for discouragement 
 or dismay. Undue sorrow is unreasonable in the believer. The very 
 question manifests trust. 
 
 Z. Certitude. Ver. 5b. “Help of my countenance” (R. V.). “Wait for 
 God in your hope.” The end will be victory. 
 
 Page 48 
 
PSALM XLIV 
 A PRAYER OF THE PERSECUTED 
 
 Theme: The people have fallen on evil times, but lament is mingled with faith. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 
 I. PAST CONQUESTS. Ver. 1-8. “ Put thy right hand” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Favor. Ver. 1-3. “Thou wast favorable unto them” (ver. 3, R. V.). 
 The history of God’s people is full of his gracious dealings. That 
 record was from oral tradition as well as written story. God fought 
 for his people. 
 
 2. Faith. Ver. 4-8. “In God we boast all the day long” (ver. 8). Their 
 trust was still in the Mighty God, and in him they expected to prevail, 
 not in bow or in sword. 
 
 II. PRESENT CALAMITIES. Ver. 9-16. “Thou hast cast off” (ver.9). 
 1. Reverses. Ver. 9-12. “ Makest us to turn back” (ver. 10). The contrast 
 with former triumphs and present conditions brings sadness. They 
 
 faced retreat and defeat, if God was not to be with them. 
 2. Reproaches. Ver. 13-16. “A reproach to our neighbors” (ver. 13). 
 The scorn of surrounding nations was the bitterest cup for God’s 
 
 chosen people, and the worst feature was that it led to blaspheming 
 God. 
 
 III. PREVAILING CONFIDENCE. Ver. 17-22. “We have not forgotten 
 thee’? (ver. 17). 
 
 1. Fidelity. Ver. 17-19. “Our heart is not turned back” (ver. 18). A 
 conscious clinging to God. They were suffering for righteousness’ 
 sake and this was persecution. 
 
 2. Fortitude. Ver. 20-22. “ He knoweth the secrets of the heart” (ver. 21). 
 Their strength and confidence was based on the fact that God sees 
 and knows. God is omniscient. 
 
 IV. PLAINTIVE CRAVING. Ver. 23-26. “ Cast us not off forever” (ver. 23). 
 1. Return. Ver. 23-25. “Why sleepest thou?” (ver. 23). Here is their 
 hope, God will return to them and for this they yearn and pray. 
 2. Redemption. Ver. 26. “Redeem us.” God’s favor is redemption indeed, 
 and for his mercy is made this safe and final plea. 
 
 Page 49 
 
PSALM XLV 
 THE MARRIAGE SONG OF THE ANOINTED 
 
 Theme: Poetic description of a King’s marriage and the attendant surroundings. 
 
 Occasion: Undoubtedly some circumstance in Jewish history, which being 
 typical, makes this applicable to the Messiah. Cf. Heb. 1: 8, 9. 
 
 THE PRELUDE. Ver. 1. 
 Inclination. Ver. la. “ My heart is overflowing” (ver. 1, R. V.). “ Out of 
 the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.” 
 Inspiration. Ver. lb. “A ready writer.’ The writer indited better than he 
 knew. 
 
 I. THE ROYAL BRIDEGROOM. Ver. 2-8. “ Touching the king” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. His Glory. Ver. 2-5. 
 
 (1) Charm. Ver. 2, 3. “ Fairer than the children of men” (ver. 2). The 
 Psalmist is lost in admiration of his person. 
 
 (2) Conquests. Ver. 4, 5. “In thy majesty ride prosperously” (ver. 4). 
 He is mindful of victories; renown and dominion are before him. 
 
 2. His Grace. Ver. 6-8. 
 
 (1) Character. Ver. 6, 7. “ Thou hast loved righteousness” (ver. 6). No 
 other than Jesus can fully meet this. He only is the sinless One. 
 
 (2) Clothing. Ver. 8. “ All thy garments” (ver. 8). The divine anointing 
 causes fragrance to flow from his garments, denoting sorrow, healing, 
 and death. 
 
 II. THE ROYAL BRIDE. Ver. 9-15. “Did stand the queen” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Her Tribute. Ver. 9-11. 
 
 (1) Renunciation. Ver. 9, 10. “ Forget thine own people ... thy father’s 
 house” (ver. 10). The Bride receives more than she gives us. 
 
 (2) Reverence. Ver. 11. “ Worship thou him.” This act of worship is more 
 than “royal rights”; it would be idolatry if it did not refer to 
 God’s Son. 
 
 2. Her Train. Ver. 12-15. 
 
 (1) Attendants. Ver. 12. “The rich among thy people.” The glory of the 
 Bride should attract the heathen and win their following. 
 
 (2) Apparel. Ver. 13-15. “Clothing of wrought gold” (ver. 13). Only 
 the robe of righteousness can adorn Christ’s Bride. 
 
 THE PREDICTION. Ver. 16, 17. 
 Anticipation. Ver. 16. “Shalt thou set as princess”’ Expectation of 
 glorious position. 
 Aspiration. Ver. 17. “Thy name known.’ God’s name shall be glorified 
 and his servants shall be “ kings” unto God. 
 
 Page 50 
 
PSALM XLVI 
 THE PSALM FOR STORM-TOSSED SOULS 
 
 Theme: A time of distress and discouragement when thoughts of God were 
 a solace to the soul. So Luther’s “ A mighty fortress is our God.” 
 
 Occasion: One of two events: Jehoshaphat’s deliverance, 2 Chron. 20; or 
 the destruction of Sennacherib’s army. 
 
 I. GOD’S POWER. Ver. 1-3. “ Our refuge and strength” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Refuge. Ver. 1. “God is our refuge and strength.’ Neither in battalions 
 nor in battleships, but in God is our true safety. All other promises of 
 security offer false hopes and are in the end futile. 
 
 2. Repose. Ver. 2, 3. “ Therefore will not we fear” (ver. 2). He brings 
 cosmos out of chaos, confusion gives place to repose. He is not 
 only a refuge but is easy of access, so that his power and help are 
 always at our disposal. It seems as though the refrain of verses 7 
 and 11 belongs here. 
 
 II. GOD’S PRESENCE. Ver. 4-7. “In the midst of her” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Consolation. Ver. 4, 5. “God shall help her” (ver. 5). The scene 
 changes, and now it is God’s Omnipresence rather than his Omnipo- 
 tence that brings comfort. “ The shouting and the tumult dies,’ and 
 God’s gracious presence is the sure retreat of a storm-tossed soul, 
 like a haven of rest after a storm. 
 
 2. Comfort. Ver. 6,7. “The Lord of Hosts is with us” (ver. 7). God is 
 eternal, unchangeable, the God of angels, yes, and the God of one 
 man, even as weak as Jacob. If he will still be a God to Jacob in 
 spite of his failure, he will be the God of every weak and trembling 
 
 inner. 
 sinner Pa 
 
 III. GOD’S PEACE. Ver. 8-11. “ Maketh wars to cease” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Providence. Ver. 8-10. “The works of the Lord” (ver. 9). God’s 
 ways are “ past finding out,’ but there is a providence in every 
 event, and “all things work together.’ This brings peace to a 
 tempest-tossed soul. 
 
 2. Protection. Ver. 11. “God... our refuge.’ Again the glad refrain 
 which sounds like music in the ear of afflicted ones. God is our sure 
 defense and protection. His presence is the promise of victory and 
 brings peace. 
 
 Page 51 
 
PSALM XLVII 
 THE TRIUMPHS OF OUR REIGNING GOD 
 
 Theme: Thanksgiving for victory. 
 
 Occasion: Perhaps the carrying of the Ark from the house of Obed-edom or 
 the celebration of some notable victory. Cf. 2 Chron. 20: 19. 
 
 I. EXHORTATION TO PRAISE. Ver. 1-4. “Shout unto God” (ver. 1). 
 1. Song. Ver. 1. “With the voice of triumph.” Exultation over a recent 
 victory. Joy is always suitably expressed in song and only the re- 
 
 deemed can sing; there is no song in paganism. 
 
 2. Sovereignty. Ver. 2. “ King over all the earth.’ “God the All-terrible” 
 brings no dread to God’s children, but only to evil-doers. All his 
 powers are used in behalf of the godly. All nations come under his 
 sway. 
 
 3. Subjection. Ver. 3, 4. “He shall subdue the people” (ver. 3). It is 
 not our battle but God’s. In his own good time and way, all nations 
 shall be “under his feet,’ and the saints shall some day reign with 
 him, and we are told that they shall be “under our feet’? whom he 
 has subdued. This reverses the notion of persecutors that they have 
 God’s people under their feet. 
 
 II. EXHORTATION TO PSALMODY. Ver. 5-9. “ Sing praises with the 
 understanding” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Ascension. Ver. 5. “God is gone up.” The song changes, and once 
 more God’s people are called upon to “ praise’; this time the exhorta- 
 tion is repeated five times, and the call is interpreted. No words could 
 better foretell the ascension of our Lord who “ascended, leading 
 captivity captive.” 
 
 2. Ascription. Ver. 6, 7. “Our King” (ver. 7). This fivefold repetition 
 of “sing praises” is accounted for in the words “ for God is King.” 
 He is King not of Jew only but of every tribe and nation. A “ teach- 
 ing’ psalm is here called for with this ascription unto God. 
 
 3. Adoration. Ver. 8, 9. “He is greatly exalted.’ “The throne of his 
 holiness.” “ Worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness.’ No de- 
 based idolatry can please him. He is exalted by holy lives not stained 
 by injustice nor by sin. He shall reign “whose right it is,” “ King 
 of kings and Lord of lords.” 
 
 Page 52 
 
 EE —————— oe ee 
 
PSALM XLVIII 
 A SONG OF JOY OVER DELIVERANCE 
 
 Theme: The withdrawal of the enemy from the gates of Jerusalem. 
 
 Occasion: Not certain. Cf. 2 Chron. 20: 19, 25, 36 and 2 Kings 19 : 35. 
 
 I. THE GLORY OF ZION. Ver. 1-3. “ The city of the great king” (ver. 2). 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1, 2. “ Great is the Lord... greatly to be praised” (ver. 1). 
 The greatness and glory. of Zion was the presence of God in her midst. 
 Not in wondrous surroundings but in the fact that to every devout 
 
 Jew it was God’s earthly abode. 
 2. Protection. Ver. 3. “In her palaces for a refuge.’ Jerusalem was 
 naturally an almost invulnerable fortress. But God and not ramparts 
 
 was the real refuge of the saints. 
 
 II. THE GATHERING AT ZION. Ver. 4-8. “ The kings were assembled” 
 (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Danger. Ver. 4. “ They passed by together.’ The gathering hosts of the 
 enemy looked formidable enough with their royal leaders in the fore. 
 But somehow the foe perceived Deity was there and fled. 
 
 2. Deliverance. Ver. 5-8. “ They were troubled and hasted away” (ver. 5). 
 Their haste in coming was nothing to their haste in going. Panic 
 seized them and they fled in great fear. This strong simile is the 
 Oriental way of suggesting the extremity of their terror. 
 
 III. THE GLADNESS IN ZION. Ver. 9-11. “Let... Judah be glad” 
 Cvern Lh): 
 
 1. Testimony. Ver. 9,10. “ Thy praise unto the ends of the earth” (ver. 10). 
 The glory of Jehovah must be spread abroad, and his name carried 
 to the ends of the earth.“ God’s people were to be his witnesses. 
 
 2. Thanksgiving. Ver. 11. “Let mount Zion rejoice.” Deliverance begets 
 gratitude and gladness in which all will join. The women who suffer 
 most in war should lead in the rejoicing. 
 
 IV. THE GRATIFICATION OVER ZION. Ver. 12-14. “ That ye may tell” 
 (verrl3)): 
 
 1. Satisfaction. Ver. 12, 13. “ Mark ye well (ver. 12). They gloried in the 
 city of the King with deep satisfaction. Her ramparts were strong, 
 and accessibility was difficult to the enemy. 
 
 2. Security. Ver. 14. “Our God... our Guide.” But their real safety was 
 in the fact that God’s dwelling-place was there, and with his presence 
 they were safe evermore. 
 
 Page53 
 
PSALM XLIX 
 CONTRAST AND CONSOLATION FOR THE OPPRESSED 
 
 Theme: The prosperity of the wicked; but it need not be a stumbling-block to 
 the afflicted who are righteous, seeing the compensations for them are in a 
 future life. 
 
 Occasion: None noted. 
 
 I. THE CALL. Ver. 1-4. 
 1. Invitation. Ver. 1, 2. “ Hear... give ear” (ver. 1). All who are con- 
 concerned are invited to consider the solution offered for the problem. 
 2. Inspiration. Ver. 3, 4. “J will incline mine ear” (ver. 3). The Holy 
 Spirit uses the mental powers of men and through them speaks with 
 authority and power. 
 
 II. THE COUNSEL. Ver. 5-15. 
 
 1. Self-Delusion of the Wicked. Ver. 5-12. “ Their thoughts .. . con- 
 tinue forever” (ver. 11). 
 
 (1) Fear. Ver. 5. “Wherefore should I fear?” Dark times need not 
 bring panic to the man of faith. Iniquity gets but a temporary ad- 
 vantage at the best. 
 
 (2) Folly.4 Ver.-0-8.< 7 They thatatrusiew.».0oast ((vern0) me oucaeate 
 deluded who think their wealth protects them, but find at last money 
 will not buy eternal life. 
 
 (3) Futility. Ver. 9-12. “Wise men die... likewise the fool” (ver. 10). 
 No man can shut his eyes to the facts of life. This boasting can 
 bring no help in the dying hour, nor purchase true comfort for the soul. 
 The wicked are self-deceived. 
 
 2. Self-Confidence of the Wicked. Ver. 13-15. 
 
 (1) Conduct. Ver. 13. “ Their way ... their folly.’ The confidence of the 
 godless is misplaced and will prove to be vain. Yet men continue in 
 their sin and folly unconcerned. 
 
 (2) Consummation. Ver. 14. “Consume in the grave.” At the end death 
 claims them. The oppressed, not the oppressor, shall finally rule. 
 This will be the consummation. 
 
 (3) Contrast. Ver. 15. “God will redeem my soul.” A clear glimpse of 
 immortality, the promise of life after death. 
 
 III. THE CONCLUSION. Ver. 16-20. 
 
 1, Folly. Ver. 16-18. “ While he lived he blessed his soul” (ver. 18). The 
 righteous may keep calm and full of hope. It is not a question of 
 divine justice but faith. 
 
 2. Failure. Ver. 19, 20. “In honor . . . understandeth not... perish” 
 (ver. 20). No sadder end than this—living life’s span in vain! 
 
 Page 54 
 
PSALM L 
 RITUAL PLUS RIGHTEOUSNESS 
 
 Theme: The value of righteousness over ritual. Sacrifice plus holy living. 
 
 Occasion: None noted. 
 
 I. DECLARATION OF JUDGMENT. Ver. 1-6. “ That he may judge his 
 people (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Judgment. Ver. 1-4. “Shall not keep silence” (ver. 3). The earth is 
 called upon to witness God’s judgments, wherein he will reveal his 
 glory. Angels, too, will be spectators. | 
 
 2. Justice. Ver. 5, 6. “ Righteousness, for God is Judge” (ver. 6). When 
 the sentence is pronounced, separating godly and godless, all will 
 testify to its justice, for he is an infallible Judge. 
 
 II. DESCRIPTION OF JUDGED. Ver. 7-21.“ My people... the wicked” 
 (wer tAd 16); 
 
 1. The Godly. Ver. 7-15. “O my people... O Israel” (ver.7). These are 
 the people of God everywhere. They are not without fault, supposing 
 sacrifices will make up for wrong living. 
 
 (1) Ritual. Ver. 7-13. “Thy sacrifices . . . burnt offerings” (ver. 8). 
 Sacrifices were instituted not for God’s benefit, but because of man’s 
 need. The attitude of the heart counts. 
 
 (2) Righteousness. Ver. 14, 15. “Thanksgiving ... vows” (ver. 14). 
 A contrite heart giving thanks and making covenant is vital. 
 
 2. The Godless. Ver. 16-21. “But. unto the wicked” (ver. 16). Profess- 
 ing to be God’s people in covenant but not possessing him. 
 
 (1) Rioting. Ver. 16-20. “ Partaker with adulterers” (ver. 19). Such 
 riotous living is rebellion against God. Hatred of God’s Word, dis- 
 honesty, immorality, slander are in their lives; these evils speak louder 
 than ritual. 
 
 (2) Reproving. Ver. 21. “But I will reprove thee.’ Swift judgment had 
 not come and God’s silence was regarded as license. But the day of 
 reckoning approaches without mercy for the unrepentant sinner. 
 
 III. DECISION OF JUDGE. Ver. 22, 23. “ Now consider this” (ver. 22). 
 
 1. Punishment of ‘Godless. Ver. 22. “Tear you in pieces.’ No deliver- 
 ance for those who reject the Deliverer. It is their own choice. 
 
 2. Promise for Godly. Ver. 23. “ Shew the salvation of God.’ For those 
 
 who offer songs of deliverance as true sacrifices. God will bring sal-_ 
 
 vation to grateful hearts and holy lives. 
 
 Page 55 
 
PSALM LI 
 THE PSALM OF THE PENITENT 
 
 Theme: The sorrow of heart sin works when men are truly repentant. 
 
 Occasion: Nathan’s challenge, and David’s response. 2 Sam. 12: 1-10. 
 
 I. SIN CONFESSED. Ver. 1-4. “ Mine iniquity ... my sin” (ver. 2). 
 The confession of a penitent to God who alone is the soul’s true con- 
 fessional. 
 
 II. SELF DISCOVERED. Ver. 5, 6. “ Shapen in iniquity” (ver. 5). Sin is 
 deeper than the act, inbred depravity of nature makes us lean to 
 forbidden things. But if there is inherited corruption, there is also 
 inherited grace and cleansing for every believer. Moral obligation 
 means moral responsibility. 
 
 III. SACRIFICE REQUIRED. Ver. 7-10. “ Purge me...wash me” (ver. 7). 
 We need the atoning, cleansing blood which brings pardon, purifica- 
 tion, and power. 
 
 IV. SPIRIT RESTORED. Ver. 11, 12. “ Restore unto me” (ver. 12). Sin 
 destroys, grace restores. The joy of salvation comes by the presence 
 and power of the Holy Spirit. We need to see that all our contacts 
 are kept in repair. 
 
 V. SERVICE POSSIBLE. Ver. 13, 14a. “Then will I teach” (ver. 13). 
 We learn by experience even in spiritual things. Mistakes may be 
 made stepping-stones, ascents of the soul. A contrite soul is teachable, 
 and only the teachable can instruct others. 
 
 VI. SONG RECOVERED. Ver. 14b-17. “My tongue shall sing” (ver. 14). 
 Only the redeemed can truly sing. There is no song in the so-called 
 “religions’’ of the world. But those whose sin is forgiven have a 
 “new song” put into their mouth. 
 
 VII. SALVATION COMPLETE. Ver. 18, 19. “Then wilt thou delight” 
 (ver. 19). The temple is erected, the service is rendered, the song has 
 come. Men who are redeemed are saved to serve. When there is no 
 sense of sin, men talk of “ justice,’ but when consciousness of sin 
 comes, and the need of a Saviour, men talk of “ mercy.’ This is 
 the song of a penitent but a forgiven heart. 
 
 Page 56 
 
PSALM LII 
 A SONG OF COURAGEOUS FAITH 
 
 Theme: The voicing of an assurance that God protects and vindicates the 
 righteous, and overthrows and destroys the wicked. 
 
 Occasion: Perhaps the act of Doeg the Edomite. 1 Sam. 22: 9, 10. 
 
 I. THE PORTRAIT OF THE OPPRESSOR. Ver. 1-4. 
 
 1, Arraignment. Ver. 1, 2. “ Why boastest thou thyself?’ (ver. 1). The 
 arrogance of the godless who forget that God reigns. The fury of the 
 tyrant can never thwart the loving-kindness of God toward his 
 people. This man was depraved to do evil. 
 
 2. Accusation. Ver. 3, 4. “ Thou lovest evil more than good” (ver. 3). 
 There was no place for righteousness in his heart or life. He was 
 more at home with falsehood: than with truth; when he spoke, he 
 hid his real purpose and feigned fidelity. 
 
 Il. THE PUNISHMENT OF THE OPPRESSOR. Ver. 5-7. 
 
 1. Vanquishing. Ver. 5. “God shall pluck thee out.’ God turns the tables 
 on evil-doers. If they thought to bring destruction on others, they 
 should themselves be destroyed. Divine justice is always more than 
 a match for human sin. ) 
 
 2. Vindication. Ver. 6, 7. “ The righteous shall... see” (ver. 6). Right- 
 eousness will always be cleared and the godly vindicated when 
 ‘oppressed. The oppressed shall outlive the oppressor. The fortress of 
 the wicked shall be shattered, the refuge of the just is in God. 
 
 III. THE PRESERVATION OF THE OPPRESSED. Ver. 8, 9. 
 
 1. Confidence. Ver. 8. “J trust in the mercy of God.’ God had not for- 
 saken him, and he would yet triumph and continue to bear fruit for 
 God. Eternal mercy should be his confidence and stay. 
 
 2. Communion. Ver. 9. “J will praise... wait upon thy name.” Gratitude 
 impels the devout soul to prayer and praise. It is God who wrought 
 vengeance and vanquished the foe. He it was who vindicated his 
 people. The Psalmist’s communion will be complete. God’s people 
 need never be in a panic. 
 
 Page 57 
 
PSALM LIII 
 A SONG OF RECOVERY AND RESTORATION 
 
 Theme: The sinful nature of man and the folly and wickedness of atheism. 
 
 Occasion: Perhaps a recast or revision of Ps. 14. None indicated. 
 
 I. TRAITS OF THE UNBELIEVER. Ver. 1-4. “ They are” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Depravity. Ver. la. “ There is no God.’ A man’s words will sooner or 
 later betray his real character. Pure religion is the foundation of true 
 morality. It must not be forgotten that the apostle Paul reiterates this 
 sweeping accusation “not one that doeth good.” 
 
 2. Defilement. Ver. 1b-3. “Corrupt ... filthy” (ver. 3). God sees this 
 condition in men. “He remembereth our frame,’ so he looks in 
 mercy. But the corruption is complete, hence he must behold in 
 justice. And each of these attributes must be satisfied in a holy God. 
 
 3. Disposition. Ver. 4. “Who eat my people.’ So far has man gone 
 that he seems to reckon without God. But evil will recoil upon evil- 
 doers. Their disposition is to persecute those who do not fear God. 
 They would devour those who pray, and defeat those who worship. 
 
 II. TENDENCY OF THE UNBELIEVING. Ver. 5, 6. “Jn great fear” 
 (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Repudiation. Ver. 5. “God hath despised them.’ Here the end of 
 wickedness is indicated and the ultimate triumph of righteousness is 
 declared. The tendency of the godless leads to destruction, they are 
 the objects of contempt. 
 
 2. Recovery. Ver. 6a. “O that the salvation of Israel were come.’ He 
 would that the battle were over and redemption accomplished. What 
 joy will come to God’s people when he favors Zion! 
 
 3. Restoration. Ver. 6b. “ Jehovah bringeth back.” This is the Psalmist’s 
 hope and expectation that “our God shall come and will not 
 keep silence.’ Then instead of persecution and bondage, will be 
 liberty, and sighing and tears shall give place to joy. 
 
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PSALM LIV 
 THE DELIVERANCE OF THE OPPRESSED 
 
 Theme: The persecution of the enemy and the sure defense of God. 
 
 Occasion: The title suggests the betrayal of David’s hiding-place. 1 Sam. 
 a Sree lee Dye 1 
 
 I. PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 1-3. “ Hear my prayer, O God” 
 (ver. 2): 
 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 1. “Save me, O God.’ The Psalmist’s foes have earthly 
 helpers, but the strength of the godly is divine. “ God is the refuge 
 of his saints,” so the persecuted people of God can be sure of ultimate 
 justice which will right their wrongs. If the cause is right, God 
 will interpose. 
 
 2. Ardor. Ver. 2.“ The words of my mouth.’ God’s ear is ever open and 
 vocal prayer will help the suppliant. When the soul is ardent the 
 tongue can but speak out its burden. 
 
 3. Alarm. Ver. 3. “ Strangers are risen up against me.’ These were enemies 
 of God’s people because they were enemies of God, and they were 
 strangers even though they belonged to a tribe, because they perse- 
 cuted and were regardless of God. 
 
 II. PROPHECY OF DELIVERANCE. Ver. 4-7. “He hath delivered me” 
 (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Confidence. Ver. 4, 5. “ Behold, God is my helper” (ver. 4). The 
 Psalmist sees beyond his present state and his enemies; he seeks no 
 help from man for he has a divine Helper and Guide. God protects 
 his own, so that they can defy the foe and go on quietly in the con- 
 fidence of victory that shall be. 
 
 2. Celebration. Ver. 6. “Sacrifice ... praise.’ The writer will offer 
 sacrifices of thanksgiving to celebrate now the deliverance he is sure 
 will be his, and which he counts as accomplished before it comes to 
 pass. 
 
 3. Conviction. Ver. 7. “Mine eye hath seen.’ So certain is he of this 
 deliverance that he puts future redemption in the past tense, and 
 counts on what is yet to come because of past mercies. “ He hath 
 delivered ”’; that is retrospect. “ Mine eye hath seen”; that is prophecy. 
 
 Page 59 
 
PSALM LV 
 THE SONG OF A WOUNDED SOUL 
 
 Theme: The lament of one who has been betrayed by a professed friend. 
 
 Occasion: Not given, but likely times of Absalom and Ahithophel. 2 Sam, 15:31. 
 
 I. COMPLAINT. Ver. 1-8. “J mourn in my complaint” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 1-3. “Give ear to my prayer” (ver. 2). We resort to 
 prayer in extremity. There is an assurance in the human heart that 
 God will understand when no one else can. 
 
 2. Pain. Ver. 4, 5. “ My heart is sore pained” (ver. 4). There is no suf- 
 fering like that from the wounds of one we supposed to be our 
 friend and who has proved false. Here is a distress that is like the 
 horror of a great and black darkness. ) 
 
 3. Protection. Ver. 6-8. “I would haste me to a shelter” (ver. 8, R. V.). 
 He sighed for refuge and rest from the storm that was imminent. 
 
 II. CONDEMNATION. Ver. 9-15. “Violence and strife” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Iniquity. Ver. 9-11. “ Imiquity also, and mischief” (ver. 10, R. V.). He 
 counted God’s enemies his own and vice versa. Evil was on every side, 
 baseness and sin at the heart of things. 
 
 2. Indignation. Ver. 12-14. “Thou, my familiar friend” (ver. 13, R. V.). 
 From conditions about him he turns to his own case. A false friend- 
 ship had traduced him. From this there seems to be no hiding nor 
 escape. 
 
 3. Imprecation. Ver. 15. “Let them go down.’ ‘These imprecations are 
 hard for us to understand, but we believe the Psalmist desired only 
 divine justice within the divine will. 
 
 III. CONFESSION. Ver. 16-23. “ He hath delivered my soul” (ver. 18). 
 
 1. Devotion. Ver. 16-19. “Will I pray and cry aloud” (ver. 17). The 
 Psalmist having delivered himself, is soothed to prayer and thanks- 
 giving for former deliverances. 
 
 2. Deceit. Ver. 20-22. “ His words softer than oil... yet... swords” 
 (ver. 21). He cannot seem to escape the recollections of the perfidy 
 which overwhelms him. But in the midst of it all there is this beauti- 
 ful counsel to confidence in God. 
 
 3. Destruction. Ver. 23. “Thou wilt bring him into ... destruction.” A 
 sure and swift retribution will come upon all evil-doers. Our trust, 
 therefore, must ever be in God. 
 
 Page 60 
 
PSALM LVI 
 A SECOND GOLDEN PSALM OF CONFIDENCE 
 
 Theme: Rejoicing over return from banishment, and gratitude to be once more 
 in safety. , 
 
 Occasion: May be, as title suggests. 1 Sam. 21 : 11-15. 
 
 I. COMPLAINT. Ver. 1, 2. “ They be many that fight against me” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Mercy. Ver. 1. “Be merciful unto me.’ Distress of soul makes us lean 
 hard on God for support. 
 
 2. Mediation. Ver. 2. “O thou most High’’ The might and mediation of 
 
 Jehovah is invoked. He is higher than the highest of earth or sky. 
 
 II. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 3, 4. “J will not fear what flesh can do” (ver. 3). 
 1. Trust. Ver. 3. “J will trust in thee.’ A confession of lapses of faith; 
 but fear drives to faith again. 
 2. Thanksgiving. Ver. 4. “J will praise his word.’ Faith also begets 
 praise. Jor God’s promises are always fulfilled. 
 
 III. CONFEDERACY. Ver. 5, 6. “ They wait for my soul” (ver. 6). 
 1. Contriving. Ver. 5. “ They wrest my words.” The enemy worked against 
 him in the dark and plotted for his soul. 
 2. Conspiracy. Ver. 6. “ Gather themselves together.’ In cowardice, they 
 depend on fusion to strengthen their purposes. 
 
 IV. COMFORT. Ver. 7-9. “ This I know, that God is for me” (ver. 9). 
 1, Avenging. Ver. 7. “Cast down the people.’ Wickedness like this will 
 not stand, God will avenge his own. 
 2. Assurance. Ver. 8, 9. “ Then shall mine enemies turn back” (ver. 9). 
 Every step of his wandering and exile is known to God, and though 
 a hunted fugitive, his cry is heard from afar. 
 
 V. CONFESSION. Ver. 10-13. “ Thou hast delivered my soul” (ver. 13). 
 1. Confidence. Ver. 10-12. “In God have I put my trust” (ver. 11). The 
 psalm ends with thanksgiving. The writer would not fail to confess 
 his indebtedness to God’s guidance, and his assurance concerning days 
 to come. 
 2. Continuance. Ver. 13. “Wilt thou not deliver?’ He therefore prays 
 for a perpetuity of God’s redeeming grace, that he may be a ready 
 witness for Him before all peoples. 
 
 Page 61 
 
PSALM LVII 
 A SONG OF TESTING AND TRIUMPH 
 
 Theme: The Psalmist’s confidence in God in times of danger. 
 Occasions: Either 1) Sams 22 I 9 or li Samr24o1-o7e ot am, «20.5 
 
 I. PRAYER IN DANGER. Ver. 1-6. 
 
 1. Cry. Ver. 1-3. “J will cry unto God” (ver. 2). 
 
 (1) Confidence. Ver. 1, 2. “My soul trusteth in thee” (ver. 1). A soul 
 that trusts God has a right to expect much from him. The very cry 
 heartens the praying soul. 
 
 (2) Certitude. Ver. 3. “He shall send.” The might and majesty of heaven 
 are at the disposal of the godly. 
 
 2. Complaint. Ver. 4-6. “My soul is among lions” (ver. 4). 
 
 (1) Peril. Ver. 4, 5. “Teeth ... tongue’ (ver. 4). His enemies are as 
 ravening beasts, ready to rend him. But his hope and his refuge are 
 in God. 
 
 (2) Plotting. Ver. 6. “ Prepared a net.’ He returns to his plaint, but he 
 sees in all the grim irdny of these events the hand of God avenging 
 the godly. 
 
 II. PRAISE FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 7-11. 
 
 1. Established. Ver. 7, 8. “ My heart is fixed” (ver. 7). 
 
 (1) Security. Ver. 7a. “ Fixed.’ The Psalmist is now in full confidence 
 
 of his ultimate deliverance. No power can overturn him. 
 
 (2) Song. Ver. 7b, 8. “I will sing” (ver. 7). If he must lie down among 
 lions, he can sing in the hope of God’s protection, and none shall bid 
 him cease, for he is sure, no matter how dark the night, the morning 
 will come. 
 
 2. Exultant. Ver. 9-11. “J will praise thee, O God” (ver. 9). 
 
 (1) Grace. Ver. 9-10. “ Thy mercy is great” (ver. 10). His praise would 
 exalt God among the heathen, no matter how far away, they shall 
 hear the name of God in praise. 
 
 (2) Glory. Ver. 11. “ Let thy glory be above all the earth.” Choirs of angels 
 are to swell the song, and God’s glory will know no bound. 
 
 Page 62 
 
PSALM LVIII 
 THE SONG OF A FINAL JUDGMENT 
 
 Theme: Wide-spread corruption, but the assurance of swift retribution. 
 
 Occasion: No data. Probably during persecutions by Saul. 
 
 I, PROTEST. Ver. 1-5. 
 
 1. Unrighteous. Ver. 1, 2. “In heart ye work wickedness” (ver. 2). 
 Those in authority are unjust in judgment and unholy in practise. 
 
 2. Unprincipled. Ver. 3. “Go astray as soon as... born.’ Under such 
 misrule wrong-doers flourish, and from birth they are utterly with- 
 out principle to govern them. 
 
 3. Unconcerned. Ver. 4, 5. “ Will not hearken” (ver. 4). They have all 
 disregarded the voice of God in wooing and in warning. Hence they 
 are beyond reach and irreclaimable. 
 
 II. PUNISHMENT. Ver. 6-8. 
 
 1. Destruction. Ver. 6. “ Break their teeth.’ The Psalmist calls for. just 
 retribution. Seeing they cannot be reclaimed, he prays that they may 
 be rendered powerless. 
 
 2. Dissolution. Ver. 7.“ Let them melt away. 
 and then they will disappear. 
 
 3. Decomposition. Ver. 8. “ Pass away.’ Under a bold figure he sees how 
 they must disintegrate by their own evil-doing which will prove not 
 only futile but suicidal. 
 
 III. PRAISE. Ver. 9-11. 
 
 1. Retribution. Ver. 9. “He shall take them away.’ God will intervene 
 and that right speedily; thus shall the righteous be delivered. 
 
 2. Rejoicing. Ver. 10. “ The righteous shall rejoice.’ The joy is not over 
 the fate of the wicked, despite the weird symbolism used. It is the 
 satisfaction that comes in knowing God will bring order out of chaos, 
 that as a man sows so shall he reap. The doom of the evil-doer is 
 ample vindication, for the salvation of the godly is sure. 
 
 3. Reward. Ver. 11. “ There is a reward for the righteous.’ God’s judg- 
 ments are right and will triumph, so that the prosperity of the godly 
 will be final and eternal. 
 
 3) 
 
 Their career will be short 
 
 Page 63 
 
PSALM LIX 
 A SONG OF APPEAL AND ASSURANCE 
 
 Theme: The cry of a hunted soul for deliverance out of great peril, and the 
 assurance of rescue. 
 
 Occasion: When Saul sent to watch David at night and to slay him in the morn- 
 ing. 1 Sam. 19: 11-18. 
 
 I. APPEAL. Ver. 1-9.“ Save me” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Plea. Ver. 1-5. “ Deliver me from the workers of iniquity” (ver. 3). 
 
 (1) Appeal. Ver. 1, 2. “ Deliver me’ (ver. 1). Surrounded by spies, and 
 with no hope of escape save in God, the Psalmist cries out for deliver- 
 ance. 
 
 (2) Assertion. Ver. 3-5. “Not for my transgression nor for my sin” 
 (ver. 3). Conscious of innocence though not of sinlessness he feels the 
 injustice of this attack. 
 
 2. Plaint. Ver. 6-9. “They return” (ver. 6). 
 
 (L) Presumption. Ver, 6,7. “Who... doth hear?” (ver. 7). There 
 seemed to be no escape. Boiling with rage against him, they profess 
 to fear neither man nor God. 
 
 (2) Punishment. Ver. 8, 9. “Thou wilt have the nations in derision” 
 (ver. 8). The Psalmist realizes how futile their attempt, so he trusts 
 for swift retribution upon those who defy God. 
 
 II. ASSURANCE. Ver. 10-17. “God shall let me see my desire” (ver. 10). 
 1. Confidence. Ver. 10-13. “My God... will meet me” (ver. 10, R. V.). 
 (1) Vindication. Ver. 10,11. “ Scatter them by thy power” (ver. 11). He 
 
 looks to God for rescue, who will not permit him to be discomfited. 
 He can even afford to wait God’s time for judgment. 
 
 (2) Verdict. Ver. 12, 13. “God ruleth in Jacob” (ver. 13). Confidently 
 relying on their own plans, the enemy must fail, for God rules and 
 will protect his own. 
 
 2. Covert. Ver. 14-17. “Thou hast been my high tower and a refuge’ 
 (ver. 16). 
 
 (1) Punishment. Ver. 14, 15. “Wander up and down” (ver. 15). Let 
 them come! Right will triumph, and the foe can do no harm. Their 
 ravings will be futile and prove to be their own undoing ; their punish- 
 ment will be sure and severe. 
 
 (2) Praise. Ver. 16, 17. “I will sing of thy power” (ver. 16). The light 
 has come after a night of dread, and in the morn sighing gives place to 
 song. For God has rescued and “ His mercy endureth forever.” 
 
 3 
 
 Page 64 
 
PSALM LX 
 A RALLYING SONG TO MARCH WITH GOD 
 
 Theme: Defeat and failure because of departure from God, and the lifting of 
 his standard to rally God’s people for victory. 
 
 Occasioiee all. oie LiChron los ole. 
 
 I. SADNESS. Ver. 1-3. “ Thou hast cut us off” (ver. 1). This is both plaint 
 and plea. Israel had been worsted in the fight and was broken and 
 brought low, but was still waging war against Edom. Jehovah was 
 displeased with Israel, and this was the secret of failure, defeat, and 
 misery. Things were unsettled, and the people suffering hardships. 
 
 II. SUMMONS. Ver. 4, 5. “A banner to them that fear thee’ (ver. 4). The 
 standard was raised as a signal for war. Hence the Lord is heard 
 rallying the fugitives and calling his people back to himself to follow 
 under his ensign and leadership. Thus only can Israel hope to be 
 delivered. Answer is made to Jehovah, imploring him to lead and save. 
 
 III. SOVEREIGNTY. Ver. 6-8. “ Gilead ... Manasseh, etc.,1s mine” (ver. 7). 
 Israel, thus rallying and compacted together, was sure of victory 
 under God’s leadership. The land had been secured to the tribes by the 
 promise to Abraham, and the conquered territory belonged to those to 
 whom God would grant it by lot. Even Edom was yet to be at 
 Israel’s feet. 
 
 IV. SUBJUGATION. Ver. 9, 10.“ Who will bring me ... lead me?” (ver. 9). 
 But Edom had not yet been subdued, and the purpose was to push 
 conquest to that stronghold, Petra, which seemed to be so impregnable, 
 and bring under subjection that opposing people. 
 
 V. SUPPLICATION. Ver. 11, 12.“ Give us help from trouble” (ver. 11). 
 The hope to overcome and conquer is in God. Israel was defeated 
 without him. From him alone all power proceeds. With such a 
 banner and Omnipotence to sustain, they will come off “more than 
 conquerors” over all their foes. Hence with renewed trust they 
 will go forward with him, and will be subject to his command. 
 
 Page 65 
 
PSALM LXI 
 THE PRAYER OF A BANISHED SOUL 
 
 Theme: In time of exile and sorrow, yearning for God’s protection. 
 
 Occasion: Not specified. After coming to the throne (ver. 6), and perhaps dur- 
 ing exile due to Absalom’s rebellion (ver. 2). 2 Sam. 17 : 22. 
 
 I. REFUGE. Ver. 1, 2. “ Lead me to the rock” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Supplication. Ver. 1. “ Hear me, O God.” In fervor of soul the Psalmist 
 longs that access to God be restored, and pleads for a place of 
 security. 
 
 2. Safety. Ver. 2. “The rock that is higher than I.’ God is more than 
 a refuge and shelter; he is the soul’s defense against every storm that 
 may arise. 
 
 II. RETREAT. Ver. 3-5. “A strong tower” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Shelter. Ver. 3.“ Thou hast been a shelter.’ On the basis of past experi- 
 ence are set his hopes for future days. 
 
 2. Security. Ver. 4, 5. “TJ will trust in the covert of thy wings” (ver. +). 
 The hiding-place of “ God’s wings” may hint at the mercy-seat and 
 the Shekinah. The sense of conscious nearness to God will be his 
 comfort. 
 
 III. RELIANCE. Ver. 6, 7. “Prepare mercy and truth which, may preserve 
 him’ (ver. 7). 
 1. Prolonging. Ver. 6. “Prolong the king’s life.’ Provision and pro- 
 tection will involve perpetuation of life. , 
 2. Preservation. Ver. 7. “ Preserve him.’ We cannot keep ourselves because 
 of our frailty. But God’s mercy and truth will keep us, and he will 
 not suffer us to perish if we put our trust in him. 
 
 IV. REJOICING. Ver. 8 “J will sing praise.” 
 
 1. Singing. Ver. 8a. “Sing praise.’ Thus guarded and grounded in hope 
 and preserved by mercy and truth, the Psalmist turns to praise and 
 thanksgiving. Pleading gives place to praise and sorrow to service. 
 
 2. Service. Ver. 8b. “ Perform my vows.’ Devotion to God’s cause leads the 
 Psalmist to vow perpetual service to him, and this vow he will perform 
 without restraint. 
 
 Page 66 
 
PSALM LXII 
 A SONG OF CONFIDENT TRUST 
 
 Theme: The longing of the Psalmist’s heart to lead men to trust in God. 
 
 Occasion: Not given. Probably the time of Absalom’s rebellion. 
 
 I. THE SALVATION OF GOD. Ver. 1-4. “From him cometh my salva- 
 Hom verse). 
 
 1. Reliance. Ver. 1, 2. “J shall not be greatly moved” (ver. 2). The soul 
 that cleaves to God need never come into panic, but may know the 
 joy of true calm. 
 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 3, 4. “Ye shall be slain, all of you” (ver. 3). God 
 will justly recompense, and none shall escape who assail his servants. 
 True faith believes in spite of appearances. 
 
 II. THE SECURITY OF GOD. Ver. 5-8. “He only is my rock” (ver. 6). 
 1. Testimony. Ver. 5, 6. “ My expectation is from him” (ver. 5). Faith 
 becomes strong when it waits on God in communion and rests on 
 him for succor and support. 
 2. Trust. Ver. 7, 8. “Trust in him at all times” (ver. 8). Only the soul 
 that has known by experience can bid others find that abiding-place. 
 
 Ill. THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GOD. Ver. 9-12. “ Power belongeth unto 
 thee’? (ver. 11). 
 
 1. Impotence. Ver. 9, 10. “ Lighter than vanity” (ver. 9). Such is the in- 
 ability of man to help himself, much less aid others. His utter empti- 
 ness is realized when the human is contrasted with the Divine. Man’s 
 littleness then becomes manifest and his impotence understood. 
 
 2. Impartiality. Ver. 11, 12. “ According to his work” (ver. 12). The 
 omniscience of God is added to his omnipotence. Power alone might 
 deal unjustly, but God knows and cares, and none come to him in 
 vain. He is not only the soul’s true judge, but the refuge of all who 
 put their trust in him. 
 
 Page 67 
 
PSALM LAIII 
 A PSALM FOR THE HUNGRY OF SOUL 
 
 Theme: There need be no desert for any soul though all around is wilderness 
 if only God is near. 
 
 Occasion: When the Psalmist was in the wilderness of Judah. 
 
 I. CRAVING. Ver. 1, 2.“ My soul thirsteth for thee” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Communion. Ver. 1. “ Longeth for thee” (ver. 1). Not every soul that 
 is athirst knows it or seeks God. When we say, “ Thou art my God,” 
 then we long for his presence. 
 
 2. Comfort. Ver. 2. “See thy power and glory.’ There is never fear, but 
 only comfort when the soul thus seeks God. His power and glory 
 add to our joy and prove our consolation. 
 
 II. CONTENTMENT. Ver. 3-6. “ Better than life” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Testimony. Ver. 3. “ Thy lovingkindness.” “Where your treasure is, 
 there will your heart be also.’ Such committal shapes the judgment 
 and controls the desires. “ Thou, O Christ, art all I want, more than 
 all in Thee I find.” 
 
 2. Thanksgiving. Ver. 4-6. “TJ will bless thee while I live.’ Such an in- 
 finitely good God satisfying every longing desire is worthy of praise 
 and brings forth grateful thanks and song. 
 
 III. CONVICTION. Ver. 7, 8. “ Thou hast been my help” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Shelter. Ver. 7. “In the shadow of thy wings.’ Perhaps the Shekinah is 
 in his mind! It is certainly the crooning of a satisfied soul that finds 
 its shelter in God. 
 
 2. Support. Ver. 8. “Thy right hand upholdeth me.’ So the soul cleaves 
 to God and feels that “wnderneath are the everlasting arms.’ The 
 godly are upheld in every undertaking for him. 
 
 IV. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 9-11. “ Every one that sweareth by him shall glory” 
 (vere). 
 
 1. Punishment. Ver. 9, 10. “They shall fall by the sword.” A strange 
 descent it seems, but it is spoken in confidence, not vindictiveness. It 
 is the assurance that right will triumph. 
 
 2. Prosperity. Ver. 11. “ Rejoice in God.” The Psalmist does not rejoice 
 therefore in the downfall of the enemy, but in God who brings glory 
 to the upright in heart. 
 
 Page 68 
 
PSALM LXIV 
 A SONG OF CONFIDENCE IN GOD’S JUSTICE 
 
 Theme: A time of affliction and oppression. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. Probably same as Ps. 58. 
 
 I. OPPRESSION OF THE ENEMY. Ver. 1-6. “The... course of the 
 wicked”: \(vete2 ur im 
 
 1. Cry. Ver. 1. “Hear my voice, O God.’ Prayer is the Psalmist’s 
 weapon of war. Secret enemies are oppressing, and using violence. 
 
 2. Corruption. Ver. 2. “Workers of iniquity.” These foes think evil and 
 they plot evil till all their ways are evil. 
 
 3. Cruelty. Ver. 3, 4. “ Their tongue like a sword” (ver. 3). Slander is 
 their chief implement which they use as the archer employs arrows. 
 Nothing is more cruel than the attacks of lying tongues. 
 
 4. Craftiness. Ver. 5, 6.“ Laying snares privily” (ver. 5). Murderous 
 threats may have been included. They plot and strike in the dark, 
 leaving no opportunity for self-defense. They secretly invent new 
 ways of wreaking malice on their prey. 
 
 II. OVERTHROW OF THE ENEMY. Ver. 7-10. “They shall be 
 wounded” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Requital. Ver. 7. “God shall shoot at them.” “The punishment fits 
 the crime.’ They shot secretly, and God will shoot openly, and he 
 is a greater archer than they. 
 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 8. “Their own tongue shall fall upon themselves’ 
 They slandered, but their curses shall come home to roost. It is 
 ever so; retribution is often in kind. Those who once fawned upon 
 them shall then flee and desert them. 
 
 3. Recognition. Ver. 9. “The work of God ... consider.’ All men shall 
 come to see and recognize that it is God who overthrows when the 
 final reckoning is made. His judgments are right and true. He ever 
 punishes the wicked and rewards the good. And in his eyes they 
 only are good who are godly and seek their peace through trust in 
 him. 
 
 4. Rejoicing. Ver. 10. “The righteous shall be glad in the Lord.” Again 
 their rejoicing is not in the downfall of the wicked nor in the calami- 
 ties that come upon them, but in the Lord who has been their strong 
 defense. That quality in God which brings fear to the godless and 
 the wicked, brings only joy and peace to those who are upright 
 in heart and who put their trust in him. 
 
 3 
 
 Page 69 
 
PSALM LAV 
 A HARVEST HYMN OF PRAISE 
 
 Theme: The glory of God and his goodness to men. This is a “ Harvest Hymn” 
 for all peoples. 
 
 Occasion: After a violent rebellion had been quelled (ver. 7) and enemies had 
 been subdued. 
 
 I. APPROACH. Ver. 1-4. “Whom thou causest to approach” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 1, 2. “ Thou that hearest prayer” (ver. 4). The Psalmist 
 deals with the most intimate privileges of the soul—access to God and 
 acceptance with him. 
 
 2. Pardon. Ver. 3. “Thou wilt forgive.’ These not only have prayer 
 answered but sins forgiven. It is sin that separates man from God, 
 and when this is purged away peace comes. ; 
 
 3. Provision. Ver. 4. “Satisfied with thy goodness.’ This is the royal 
 road to God, Supplication, Forgiveness, then PEACE, which means 
 a heart content with the provision of God. This brings us into 
 
 - close communion. 
 
 II. ANSWER. Ver. 5-8. “ Thou wilt answer us” (ver. 5, R. V.). 
 
 1. Deliverance. Ver. 5. “God of our salvation.” Israel was delivered that 
 as God’s people they might bless all the nations on earth, they were 
 set for a light to shine far and wide. 
 
 2. Defense. Ver. 6. “ Settest fast the mountains.’ Most people spend 
 more time on things created than on the Creator. This man looks 
 to God who is stronger and greater and firmer than the things he 
 has made. 
 
 3. Deference. Ver. 7, 8. “ Afraid at thy tokens” (ver. 8). Reverence be- 
 comes those who witness in nature signs of God’s glory. 
 
 Ill. ADORATION. Ver. 9-13. “Thou ... thou.” 
 
 1. Provision. Ver. 9. “Thou providest them grain” (R. V.). It is the 
 yearly recurring harvest, waving perhaps as he wrote, that moved 
 the Psalmist thus to offer worship and adoration. God’s provision 
 never fails, and we are dependent on him for all our manna. 
 
 2. Providence. Ver. 10. “Thou blessest?’? The whole sequence of nature 
 is a part of God’s great providence. Back of it all is the care of a 
 living and a loving God. © 
 
 3. Praise. Ver. 11-13. “ They shout for joy... sing” (ver. 13). So God’s 
 love encircles each year, and every life. All created things should be 
 vocal with praise. 
 
 Page 70 
 
PSALM LXVI 
 A SONG OF GRACE AND PROVIDENCE 
 
 Theme: Praise is the topic and God’s benefits and grace the theme. 
 
 Occasion: Not specially indicated. 
 
 I. THANKSGIVING TO JEHOVAH. Ver. 1-7. “Make a joyful noise 
 unto the Lord” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1, 2. “ Make his praise glorious” (ver. 2). Sometimes in 
 meditation and often in. melody, but always in worshipful praise, 
 the chief object is to honor God. Heart adoration never fails to 
 seek only God’s glory. 
 
 2. Power. Ver. 3, 4. “The greatness of thy power” (ver. 3). Devotion, 
 if it be true, will be mindful of God’s place and power. What 
 a change would occur in the world if all came to a saving knowledge 
 of God! God’s power is terrible till we see him in Christ. 
 
 3. Providence. Ver. 5-7. “ He turned the sea into dry land” (ver. 6). God 
 has ever been known by his works. He is still the same God that 
 worked miracles for Israel. He “makes the wrath of man to praise 
 
 . him.” 
 
 II. TRIBUTE TO JEHOVAH. Ver. 8-15.“ Thou broughtest us out” 
 tyer= 12): 
 
 1. Protection. Ver. 8,9. “Who holdest our soul m life” (ver. 9). The 
 history of God’s dealings with his chosen people taught the world 
 of that day and this how blessed it is to dwell under his shadow. 
 Protection of our lives is a real cause for gratitude. “The steps of a 
 good man are ordered of the Lord, and he delighteth in hts way.” 
 
 2. Providence. Ver. 10-12. “ Broughtest us into ... out” (ver. 12). In 
 spite of the enemy’s persecution, God was providing for all. 
 
 3. Presentment. Ver. 13-15. “J will offer unto thee” (ver. 15). Oblations 
 are proper in return for such faithfulness. 
 
 III. TESTIMONY TO JEHOVAH. Ver. 16-20. “Come and hear what he 
 
 hath done” (ver. 16). 
 
 1. Confession. Ver. 16,17. “ For my soul” (ver. 16). A devout life will 
 seek to make God known in gratitude for his goodness. 
 
 2. Conviction. Ver. 18. “Jf I regard iniquity .. . not hear.’ Every prayer 
 must be sincere to be heard. Sin hinders prayer. 
 
 3. Compensation. Ver. 19, 20. “God hath heard ... attend” (ver. 19). 
 There is a connection between God’s loving-kindness and our prayers. 
 He never casts us out. 
 
 Page 71 
 
PSALM LXVII 
 A MISSIONARY SONG AND PRAYER 
 
 Theme: Praise for God’s goodness and prayer for his blessing. 
 
 Occasion: Not stated. May be the interposition of God destroying the Assyrian 
 army. 
 
 I. PURPOSE. Ver. 1, 2. “That thy way may be known” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Benediction. Ver. 1. “God be merciful unto us.’ There is an echo 
 here of the high-priestly benediction, “ The Lord bless thee and keep 
 thee’? (Num. 6 : 24-26). 
 
 2. Blessing. Ver. 2.“ Saving health to all people.’ This prayer would be 
 selfish if it were not remembered that Israel is blessed to be a bless- 
 ing. (Cf. Isa. 49: 6.) God set Israel to be a light that his people 
 may in turn reflect his light to the world. | 
 
 II. PETITION. Ver. 3, 4. “ Let the nations be glad and sing”’ (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Thanksgiving. Ver. 3. “Let the people praise thee.’ The whole world 
 is under obligation to praise God, individuals, “the people’ (Israel) 
 and all nations. 
 
 2. Triumph. Ver. 4. “Thou shalt judge.’ The nations shall “joy and 
 triumph” because God triumphs. He rules and reigns and prevails. 
 
 III. PRAYER. Ver. 5. “ Let the people praise thee.” : 
 1. Theme. Ver. 5a.“ Praise.’ This is no vain repetition. Praise is the 
 theme of this psalm. 
 2. Tribute. Ver. 5b. “ All the people.’ Each individual as well as “ Goa’s 
 people’ collectively will render tribute to Jehovah. 
 
 IV. PROMISE. Ver. 6. “Then shall the earth yield.” 
 1. Fertility. Ver. 6a. “Jncrease.’ The curse on the ground through sin 
 will some day be removed. Grace does this in part even now. 
 2. Fruitfulness. Ver. 6b. “ Bless us.’ Earth’s increase will serve to make 
 man more fruitful and thus he shall become a blessing. 
 
 V. PREDICTION. Ver. 7. “ All the ends of the earth shall fear him.” 
 
 1. Assurance. Ver. 7a. “ God shall bless us.” The prayer at the beginning 
 of the song becomes its prediction at the close. 
 
 2. Adoration. Ver. 7b. “ All the earth ... fear him.’ Choice are these 
 beatitudes. They lead to the Giver of all and predict of the time 
 when all the world shall bow before him in worship. Amen and 
 Amen. 
 
 Page72 
 
PSALM LXVIII 
 A BATTLE-HYMN OF VICTORY 
 
 Theme: Celebrating a triumph, notably the entering of the Lord in his sanctuary. 
 
 Occasion: None given. Perhaps the removal of the ark to Jerusalem. 
 
 I. PROVIDENCE OF GOD. Ver. 1-6. “God setteth ... bringeth out” 
 (ver. 6). 
 
 1. Punishment. Ver. 1, 2. “Let the wicked perish” (ver. 2). As the 
 “ pillar of cloud” leads forward, God prepares the way for his people, 
 scattering enemies, and removing obstacles. 
 
 2. Protection. Ver. 3-6. “Let the righteous rejoice” (ver. 3). God’s 
 perpetual presence in this pillar of cloud brought a sense of protection 
 and joy. He was Guardian as well as Guide. 
 
 II. POWER OF GOD. Ver. 7-18. “ Thou wentest before thy people” (ver.7). 
 1. Goodness. Ver. 7-14. “Prepared of thy goodness” (ver. 10). The 
 Psalmist recalls past leading when the might of God was manifested 
 and his provision vouchsafed. 
 2. Greatness. Ver. 15-18. “The Lord is among them” (ver. 17). Armies 
 cannot stand before him. His chariots are countless, his angels with- 
 out number, and he is God over all. 
 
 III. PROGRESS OF GOD. Ver. 19-27.“ They have seen thy goings” 
 (ver. 24). 
 
 1. Expectation. Ver. 19-23. “J will bring” (ver. 22). In this psalm God 
 is given his many names. Here he is “ El” and “Jah,” each sig- 
 nificant. He will go on conquering, destroying, or preserving. 
 
 2. Exultation. Ver. 24-27. “Bless ye God in the congregation” (ver. 26). 
 The righteous have no fear, for with the leading of God and the 
 ark going on before, the godly can rejoice and sing. 
 
 IV. PROGRAM OF GOD. Ver. 28-35. “ Him that rideth upon the heavens” 
 (ver. 33). 
 
 1. Subjugation. Ver. 28-31. “ Princes shall come” (ver. 31). God sub- 
 dues all opposition and rebukes all evil-doers. He can “make the 
 wrath of man to praise him” so that even foes become friends. 
 
 2. Sovereignty. Ver. 32-35. “Ve kingdoms of the earth” (ver. 32). And 
 at the end he is to be found “ Lord over all, blessed forever.” 
 
 Page 73 
 
PSALM LAIX 
 THE PLAINT OF A SOUL IN DISTRESS 
 
 Theme: A time of affliction and great sorrow. 
 
 Occasion: No intimation, but distinctly referable to Christ. 
 
 I. PRAYER. Ver. 1-18. “My prayer is unto thee” (ver. 13). 
 
 1. Complaint. Ver. 1-4. “I am come into deep waters” (ver. 2). The 
 piteous story of the Psalmist’s need is poured out before God. It is 
 all suggestive of the Saviour’s plight on Calvary, and hence this 
 psalm is Messianic in type if not in prophecy. 
 
 2. Condition. Ver. 5-12. “I have borne reproach” (ver.-7 + The Psalmist 
 turns to God with his need and urges deliverance on the ground of 
 his sufferings. God’s honor is involved in his entreaty. 
 
 3. Craving. Ver. 13-18. “JI am in trouble, hear me speedily” (ver. 17). 
 He is sure that his cry will not go unheeded, and so appeals to 
 the multitude of God’s loving-kindnesses and craves a speedy response 
 to his prayer for deliverance. 
 
 II. PRAISE. Ver. 19-36. “I will praise the name of God” (ver. 30). 
 
 1. Suffering. Ver. 19-21. “Reproach hath broken my heart” (ver. 20). 
 While the Psalmist now renews his plaint, he is nevertheless leading 
 up to praise. Appealing to God’s all-seeing eye, he speaks with the 
 moan of a broken heart that has found no comforter. 
 
 2. Supplications. Ver. 22-28... % Let theirs 2; let thew, a vereac, etc). 
 The imprecations which follow seem out of accord with our Christian 
 thinking. Nor do we attempt to vindicate these utterances. But we 
 must never forget they are God’s enemies on whom he would bring 
 just punishment and we may safely leave these imprecatory supplica- 
 tions with One who understands, better than we, all their implica- 
 tions. 
 
 3. Salvation. Ver. 29-36. “God will save Zion” (ver. 35). Vows of 
 thanksgiving and songs of praise mark the climax of these petitions of 
 faith. God’s people delivered from bondage must ever be mindful 
 of their redemption and sing praise to God’s glory. 
 
 Page 74 
 
PSALM LXX 
 PRAYER FOR RESCUE FROM PERSECUTORS 
 
 Theme: The soul tormented and harassed and with no earthly comforter to 
 help. 
 
 Occasion: ‘Not determined. Probably same as Psalm 40 which is kin. 
 
 I. APPROACH. Ver. 1. “ Make haste, O Lord.” 
 1. Rescue. Ver. la. “ Deliver me.’ When the soul is in deep distress it 
 may grow bold to ask for speed. God is “ Elohim” here while in 
 Ps. 40 the name “ Jehovah” is used. 
 2. Reenforcement. Ver. lb. “Help me.’ Alone and single-handed, 
 he feels God must send to his side new recruits, or come with his 
 own presence and power to aid. 
 
 II. ANXIETY. Ver. 2,3. “ Let them be turned back” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Reproach. Ver. 2. “Let them be ashamed and confounded.” The 
 enemies would put his faith in God to shame, and the Psalmist is 
 anxious it may be they who come to confusion. 
 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 3. “ Reward for their shame.’ He would have 
 their purposes toward him turned upon themselves, so that instead 
 of shaming God’s servants, they should be shamed before all men 
 and for all time. 
 
 III. APPRECIATION. Ver. 4. “ That love thy salvation.” 
 1. Thanksgiving. Ver. 4a. “ Glad in thee.’ The Psalmist had friends, and 
 there were many worshipers in Zion who had cause for joy. 
 2. Testimony. Ver. 4b. “Let God be magnified.” Those who have tasted 
 of divine grace should testify to God’s dealings. “Let the redeemed 
 of the Lord say so.’ This witness to the saving goodness of God is a 
 doxology. Here God is spoken of as “ Elohim.” 
 
 IV. APPEAL. Ver. 5. “ Make no tarrying.” 
 
 1. Need. Ver. 5a. “J am poor and needy.” The plea is the same as it 
 was in the beginning. Our very poverty, however, becomes our 
 wealth, in the appeal before God, our weakness is our strength, 
 our darkness our light, our need our supply. 
 
 2. Necessity. Ver. 5b. “ Make haste.’ He ends with a plea for speedy 
 succor. This time it is “ Jehovah.’ The names of God, when used 
 in reverence, have special value. The Psalmist would close with 
 magnifying God’s matchless grace. 
 
 Page 75 
 
PSALM LXXI 
 THE PRAYER OF AN AGED BELIEVER 
 
 Theme: Reflections over the trials of the righteous and their struggling but 
 undaunted faith. 
 
 Occasion: Not revealed. But evidently written in old age. 
 
 I. FAITH’S CRY OF HOPE. Ver. 1-8. “ Thou art my hope, O my God” 
 vei. 20). 
 
 1. Token. Ver. 1-4. “Thou hast given command to save me” (ver. 3). 
 The Psalmist has never lost faith in Jehovah. Impending dangers 
 wrung this cry from his wounded heart, but it is in the language of 
 trust, for he relies on the pledge of God’s favor which comforts him. 
 
 2. Testimony. Ver. 5-8. “Thou art my trust from youth” (ver. 5). 
 There is the assurance that hope will be fulfilled, for God’s grace 
 has sustained from the earliest hours of life, and the writer is a living 
 monument to God’s mercy. 
 
 II. FAITH’S CONFESSION OF HOPE. Ver. 9-16. “I will hope con- 
 tinually”’ (ver. 14). 
 
 1. Refutation. Ver. 9-13. “Saying ... God has forsaken him” (ver. 11). 
 Jealousy for the name of God leads to resentment of any implications 
 that God ever forsakes his people. 
 
 2. Rejoicing. Ver. 14-16. “ Will yet praise thee more and more” (ver. 14). 
 Persecuted as he is, the Psalmist can rejoice in hope and praise God 
 for that which is to come. For God’s faithfulness will not fail him and 
 he shall yet conquer through divine strength. 
 
 III. FAITH’S CONVICTION OF HOPE. Ver. 17-24. “Thou wilt quicken 
 us again”’ (ver. 20). 
 
 1, Trust. Ver. 17-21. “Thou shalt bring me up again” (ver. 20). In 
 old age, one is apt to look back to youth, and see how God has led 
 all along the way and was with us in every emergency and need. This 
 prayer is therefore a proof of faith that remembers past mercies, and 
 can base assurance for the future on the remembrance of the past. 
 
 2. Thanksgiving. Ver. 22-24. “J will also praise thee.’ The believer 
 can thank God also for what he will do as well as for the things 
 he has wrought in our behalf. Adoration, therefore, ends this plea, 
 and the final vow is one of praise. The essence of the song is joy. 
 Faith is sure of receiving the promise, and is confident that the foe 
 is vanquished and victory is secure. 
 
 Page 76 
 
PSALM LXXII 
 A PRAYER FOR THE REIGN THAT BRINGS PEACE 
 
 Theme: A reign of righteousness and peace that shall endure throughout all! 
 generations. 
 
 Occasion: None noted. Clearly Messianic in outlook. 
 
 I, PROSPERITY. Ver. 1-7. “ Righteous flourish” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Righteousness. Ver. 1-5. “Judge thy people with righteousness” 
 (ver. 2). The king was counted the source of justice, and a royal 
 rule in righteousness would bring peace. 
 
 2. Refreshment. Ver. 6, 7. “He shall come down like rain” (ver. 6). 
 ‘Blessings from such rule would be as refreshing as rain to the parched 
 earth. When righteousness flourishes, prosperity is assured. 
 
 II. POWER. Ver. 8-11. “ Dominion from sea to sea” (ver. 8). 
 1, Witness. Ver. 8, 9. “ He shall have dominion” (ver. 8). Prayer is made 
 for the universality of a dominion like this as a witness to God’s glory. 
 2. Worship. Ver. 10, 11. “ All nations shall serve him” (ver. 11). The ends 
 of the earth shall bow down and worship, for the reign here pro- 
 claimed is based on love and not on force. 
 
 III. PRESERVATION. Ver. 12-14. “ He shall save the souls of the needy” 
 eVvere lai). 
 
 1. Deliverance. Ver. 12, 13, “ He shall deliver the needy” (ver. 12). The 
 delivering power of the King is the secret of this OR SSE, power, 
 and preservation for the people. 
 
 2. Delight. Ver. 14. “Precious shall their blood be in his sight.” The 
 people are too dear to the King to be permitted to perish. The life 
 of the people is his delight and treasure. 
 
 IV. PERPETUITY. Ver. 15-17. “ His name shall endure for ever and ever” 
 (ver. 17). 
 
 1. Wealth. Ver. 15. “To him shall be given the gold of Sheba.’ These 
 are surely coronation gifts! The tribute is all too small, however, 
 for the silver and the gold are his. 
 
 2. Worship. Ver. 16, 17. “ All nations shall call him blessed” (ver. 17). 
 The highest gift for him is the heart. When it is bowed in adoration 
 forever, that will be true worship. 
 
 V. PRAISE. Ver. 18-20. “ Blessed be his glorious name for ever and ever” 
 (ver. 19). 
 1. Works. Ver. 18. “ Doeth wondrous things.” The benediction of praise 
 is becoming a believing heart. 
 2. Worth. Ver. 19, 20. “ His glory.” A beatitude to his worth and glory. 
 
 Page 77 
 
DOXOLOGY 
 PSALM 72: 18, 19 
 Blessed be the Lord God of Israe¥ who only doeth wondrous things. And 
 
 blessed be his glorious name for ever and ever; and let the whole earth 
 be filled with his glory; Amen and Amen. 
 
BOOK THREE 
 PSALMS SEVENTY-THREE TO EIGHTY-NINE 
 
 GOD OUR DELIVERER 
 
 “He delivered them from the enemy.’—Ps. 78: 42. 
 

 
PSALM LXXIII 
 A LOFTY VIEW OF LIFE 
 
 Theme: The prosperity of the wicked and the persecution of the righteous. 
 This has ever been the stumbling-block of good men. Cf. Ps. 37. 
 
 Occasion: None stated in the Psalm. 
 
 I. THE SOUL’S CONFLICT. Ver. 1-14. THE TRIAL OF FAITH. 
 
 1. Confidence. Ver. 1. “ God is good to Israel.’ It is often true of these 
 psalms, that the beginning is the conclusion reached. In spite of 
 appearances, God’s providences are just and right. 
 
 2. Confession. Ver. 2. “My feet were almost gone.’ He was in peril of 
 -an eclipse of faith through pondering too long over the moral govern- 
 ment of God. It is a great moment when one is aware of the peril 
 and realizes its consequences. 
 
 3. Comparison. Ver. 3-12. “When I saw the prosperity of the wicked” 
 (ver. 3). The problem was how to reconcile observed facts with God’s 
 goodness. The wicked were exempt, exultant, and egotistical. 
 
 4. Conclusion. Ver. 13. “J have cleansed my heart in vain.’ The more 
 he meditated, the more he was tempted to say, “ Goodness is vain, 
 the righteous suffer, the ungodly are immune.” 
 
 5. Chastening. Ver. 14. “ Chastened every morning.” It is hard for him 
 to get a sense of balance and true values. 
 
 II. THE SOUL’S CONQUEST. Ver. 15-28. THE TRIUMPH OF FAITH. 
 
 1. Resolution. Ver. 15. “Jf I say, I will speak thus”’ It is not always 
 
 wise to speak our inward thoughts, lest we stumble others. The 
 Psalmist, therefore, resolved on silence. 
 
 2. Revelation. Ver. 16,17. “ Then understood I their end” (ver. 17). It 
 may be as he was entering the holy place of God’s eternity he caught 
 a glimpse of the divine purposes for him, or more likely he went 
 to the Temple for worship, and taking his problems to church, found 
 peace. God is the answer to all our fears. 
 
 3. Retribution. Ver. 18-20. “Castest them down in their own destruction” 
 (ver. 18). Now he understands what a miserable end awaits the 
 ungodly, and that end is not always here and now. He needs a 
 lofty view of life. 
 
 4. Reassurance. Ver. 21-26. “God is the strength of my heart’ (ver. 26). 
 The Psalmist is glad he did not adopt a low view of life. The inward 
 struggle is over and peace has come. 
 
 5. Rest. Ver. 27, 28. “I have put my trust in the Lord God” (ver. 28). 
 He has come into the place of communion and found refuge and 
 rest in the covert of God’s abiding presence. 
 
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PSALM LXXIV 
 A PLAINT OF GOD’S SUFFERING PEOPLE 
 
 Theme: Times of sore distress and calamity. 
 
 Occasion: Not certainly known. Probably during period of Exile. 
 
 I. PRESENT MISERIES. Ver. 1-1]. “Cast us off” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Supplication. Ver. 1-4. “ Remember ... lift up” (ver. 2). A pathetic 
 appeal out of dire disaster on the ground of God’s tenderness and 
 honor. 
 
 2. Sacrilege. Ver. 5-8. “ Cast fire into thy sanctuary ... defiled” (ver. 7). 
 Surely the marring of God’s house will move Jehovah to action. The 
 enemy thought to put an end to worship. 
 
 3. Suspension. Ver. 9-11. “No more any prophet” (ver. 9). The cup of 
 misery was made full and their sorrow complete in the withdrawal of 
 God’s Spirit through prophecy and seer. The very honor of God 
 was at stake. 
 
 II. PAST MERCIES. Ver. 12-17. “God is my king” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Experience. Ver. 12. “Working salvation in the midst.’ An avowal 
 of God’s wonder-working presence in spite of all thus far recounted, 
 and this brings hope. 
 
 2. Enumeration. Ver. 13-15. “Thou didst ... thou hast” (ver. 13). To 
 count one’s blessings will bring comfort and courage. What God has 
 done he can and will do again. ; 
 
 3. Enjoyment. Ver. 16, 17. “Thou hast made summer and winter’ (ver. 
 17). Times and seasons were not set aside, light and heat were con- 
 tinually provided, boundaries were strictly maintained, the joys of 
 summer and the purifying snows of winter all revealed God’s grace. 
 
 III. PROSPECTIVE MEDIATION. Ver. 18-23. “Deliver not the soul” 
 (ver. 19), 
 
 1. Exasperation. Ver. 18. “The enemy hath reproached” (ver. 18). Their 
 case was very urgent, however, and again God’s honor was at stake. 
 
 2. Exposure. Ver. 19-21. “ Full of cruelty” (ver. 20). They were exposed 
 to the taunts and the tyranny of the foe and were crushed with 
 mortification and pain at the interpretation outsiders would put upon 
 the treatment of God’s people. 
 
 3. Entreaty. Ver. 22, 23. “ Arise, O God” (ver22). “The appeal ‘atthe 
 close is to God’s mediating grace, that he will come forth and vindicate 
 himself and his people, to the punishing of the wicked and the salvation 
 of the righteous. 
 
 Page 82 
 
PSALM LXXV 
 THE TRIUMPH OF THE UPRIGHT 
 
 Theme: God’s judgments in history and his sovereignty over all. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. The destruction of Sennacherib’s army is at least an 
 illustration. | 
 
 I. PRAISE. Ver. 1. “Give thanks unto thee.’ 
 
 1. Thanksgiving. Ver. la. “ We give thanks.’ Gratitude is becoming those 
 who have experienced God’s favor. In the darkest hour there are 
 grounds for our praise. 
 
 2. Testimony. Ver. lb. “Thy wondrous works declare.’ God never for- 
 sakes his own. His interventions on our behalf manifest his care. 
 
 II. PROVIDENCE. Ver. 2. “When I shall find the set time” (R. V.). 
 1. Interposition. Ver. 2a. “ Receive the congregation ... seize the mo- 
 ment.” God has an opportune time for his deliverances. He is never 
 ‘too late, nor too soon. 
 2. Impartiality. Ver. 2b. “Judge uprightly.’ When his judgments are 
 to fall, none can question them, for exact and perfect justice will be 
 
 administered. 
 III. PERVERSION. Ver. 3-5. “Lift up your horn” (ver. 5). 
 1. Anarchy. Ver. 3. “The earth ... inhabitants . . . dissolved.” Without 
 
 God the whole social order would rush to ruin. Even then the Lord 
 sustains all things by his might. 
 
 2. Advice. Ver. 4,5. “TJ said unto the arrogant” (ver. 4, R. V.). Admoni- 
 tions and warnings have been plentiful enough for all wrong-doers, 
 but in vain, they go unheeded. The impudent rebellion against God 
 continues till doom falls. 
 
 IV. PROMOTION. Ver. 6-8. “ Promotion cometh neither from” (ver. 6). 
 1. Sovereignty. Ver. 6, 7. “He putteth down ... setteth up” (ver. 7). 
 God is on his throne, not one thing is suffered without his permission 
 
 and plan. It is his alone to order and to dispose. 
 
 2. Shame. Ver. 8. “ There is a cup.’ The inevitable doom of the ungodly 
 is at hand, and instead of their bringing shame and defeat to the 
 righteous, they shall drink to the dregs their own cup of humiliation 
 and retribution. 
 
 V. PROSPERITY. Ver. 9, 10. “ Shall be exalted” (ver. 10). 
 1. Praise. Ver. 9. “Sing praises.” The song at its close is therefore one | 
 of praise and triumph. God redeems his people. 
 2. Power. Ver. 10. “ The horns of the righteous.’ God’s people shall come 
 back to the place of power and honor in his own good time. 
 
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PSALM LXXVI 
 A JUBILANT WAR-SONG OF TRIUMPH ACHIEVED 
 
 Theme: Some occasion when attack had been made upon Jerusalem and repulsed. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Perhaps Sennacherib’s invasion. 
 
 I. THE ABODE OF GOD. Ver. 1-3. “In Salem is his tabernacle” (ver. 2). 
 1. Judah. Ver. 1. “Jn Judah is God known.’ God has revealed himself 
 to his people by his grace. His gracious acts of deliverance brought 
 honor to his name. 
 2. Jerusalem. Ver. 2, 3. “ Dwelling-place in Zion” (ver. 2). There was 
 the Tabernacle, the meeting-place between God and man. And there 
 had God manifested his power in repelling the invader. 
 
 II. THE ACTS OF GOD. Ver. 4-6. “ At thy rebuke” (ver. 6). 
 1, Defeat. Ver. 4, 5. “ Are spoiled” (ver. 5). The character of God was 
 glorious in its might as he stilled the enemy. 
 2. Destruction. Ver. 6. “The chariot and horse are cast.’ One word 
 from Jehovah, and the destruction was complete. 
 
 “There lay the rider, distorted and pale, 
 With the dew on his brow and the rust on his mail.” 
 
 Ill. THE AUTHORITY OF GOD. Ver. 7-9. “ Thou didst cause judgment” 
 (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Reverence. Ver. 7. “Thou art to be feared.’ The love and anger of 
 God are here strangely blended, so that reverent awe is becoming 
 in all his creation. 
 
 2. Repose. Ver. 8, 9. “ The earth ... was still” (ver. 8). The nations of 
 the earth sat in awe; for quietness followed tumult, stillness prevailed 
 over the din of battle. 
 
 IV. THE APPRECIATION OF GOD. Ver. 10-12. “That ought to be 
 feared” (ver. 11). 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 10. “Shall praise thee.’ God’s overruling providence 
 brings praise from the lips of every true worshiper. For there is no 
 event in life that ig not under the control of God. 
 
 2. Presents. Ver. 11, 12. “Bring presents unto him” (ver. 11). Men are 
 therefore admonished to bring their oblations, and to offer their gifts 
 as tribute to him who holds all things in his power. 
 
 Page 84 
 
PSALM LXAXVII 
 COMFORT FROM RECOUNTING GOD’S MERCIES 
 
 Theme: Profound sadness in affliction when the soul feels forsaken of God. 
 
 Occasion: None noted. A time of great depression. 
 
 I. GLOOM. Ver. 1-9. “My soul refused to be comforted” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Supplication. Ver. 1-3. 
 
 (1) Appeal. Ver. 1. “J will cry unto God” (ver. 1). The Psalmist opens 
 his complaint with prayer, so we know it will end in praise. His 
 voice gives vent to the agony of his soul. 
 
 (2) Agitation. Ver. 2, 3. “My soul refused to be comforted” (ver. 2). 
 In his gloom, he pushed away the cup of gladness, and his soul is 
 overwhelmed. 
 
 2. Sorrow. Ver. 4-9. 
 
 (1) Sadness. Ver. 4, 5. “I am.so troubled” (ver. 4). Sleep would not 
 come to his eyelids. He tried to find God in communion, but even 
 prayer refused to come, and experiences of other days brought no 
 relief. 
 
 (2) Searching. Ver. 6-9. “My spirit made diligent search” (ver. 8). At 
 other times there was a song in the darkest hour! He resolved to 
 trace the reason for this gloom. Questions forced themselves into 
 his heart till it seemed to him the “ Mighty One” had forgotten. 
 
 II. GLADNESS. Ver. 10-20. “J will make mention of the deeds of Jehovah” 
 (ver. 11). 
 
 1. Sunshine. Ver. 10-15. 
 
 (1) Mercy. Ver. 10-12. “I will remember the works of the Lord” (ver. 11). 
 Then the victory came. Doubt and unbelief are sins. God has always 
 waited to be gracious and show mercy. 
 
 (2) Might. Ver. 13-15. “Who is so great... as our God?” (ver. 13). 
 God’s majesty and might are to be discovered in his holiness. With 
 him none can be compared. Not only Israel, but all nations have 
 witnessed his power. The Red Sea was the opportunity of his might 
 for the chosen people. 
 
 2. Satisfaction. Ver. 16-20. 
 
 (1) Rescue. Ver. 16-18. “The waters saw thee” (ver. 16). A sublime 
 conception is this! The waters recognizing the presence of the 
 Creator, stood back to let his people pass. 
 
 (2) Redemption. Ver. 19, 20. “Thy way is in the sea” (ver. 19). The. 
 highways of our God are the place for the onward march of his 
 people, even though it be by way of the sea. God is the true Leader 
 of those who will trust him. 
 
 Page 85 
 
PSALM LXXVIII 
 A PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL NATION 
 
 Theme: The ingratitude of man and the mercy and fidelity of God. 
 
 Occasion: Not given. The removal of the Sanctuary from Shiloh to Judah. 
 
 I. PRESENT EXIGENCIES. Ver. 1-8. “Set their hope . . . not forget” 
 (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Solidarity. Ver. 1-4. “Our fathers . ... children . . . to come” 
 (ver. 4). It is one Israel through all generations, knit by invisible 
 ties and bound by God’s eternal purpose. 
 
 2. Standard. Ver. 5-8. “ Established testimony . . . appointed law” 
 (ver. 5). God’s dealings were according to a norm. His past 
 leadings were intimately related to prospective following. 
 
 II. PAST EXPERIENCES. Ver. 9-72. “ Marvelous things did he” (ver. 12).. 
 
 WILDERNESS. 
 
 1. Faltering. Ver. 9-11. “ Turned back” (ver.9). Responsibility is measured 
 by opportunity; guilt, by endowment misused. 
 
 2. Favor. Ver. 12-29. “Gave them their own desire” (ver. 29). The 
 wilderness journeys set forth God’s guiding grace. 
 
 3. Faithlessness. Ver. 30-37. “Sinned .. . believed not” (ver. 32). 
 Notwithstanding such tokens, God’s people “ went on to sin yet more.” 
 
 4. Forbearance. Ver. 38, 39. “ Forgave ... destroyed them not” (ver. 38). 
 A brief and superficial repentance, marked by God’s forgiving love. 
 
 EGYPT. 
 1. Forgetfulness. Ver. 40-42. “They remembered not” (ver. 42). The 
 nation soon forgot its repentance and went farther astray. 
 2. Freedom. Ver. 43-53. “Led forth his own people” (ver. 52). Memory 
 goes back to the bondage in Egypt and the wondrous deliverance. 
 
 CANAAN. 
 
 1. Foothold. Ver. 54, 55. “ Allotted them for an inheritance” (ver. 55). 
 God settled his people in the promised land according to his word. 
 
 2. Forsaking. Ver. 56-58. “ Turned back... dealt treacherously” (ver. 57). 
 But renewed relapse and rebellion ensued, compelling God to 
 remove the Sanctuary or meeting-place from Shiloh to Judah. 
 
 3. Forfeiture. Ver. 59-66. “ Forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh” (ver. 60). 
 When the sanctuary was removed, the humiliation was continued 
 through the Philistines as enemies, and the massacre of priests. 
 
 4.°*Fulfilment. Ver. 67-72. “Chose the tribe of Judah” (ver. 68). God’s 
 mercy is everlasting; he fulfilled his promises to Israel through Judah; 
 with the Davidic kingdom set up, this parable psalm closes. 
 
 Page 86 
 
PSALM LXXIX 
 
 PLAINT AND PRAYER FOR PARDON AND 
 DELIVERANCE 
 
 Theme: Times of invasion, oppression and national agony. 
 
 Occasion: Not certain. Perhaps the invasion by Sennacherib or destruction of 
 Jerusalem by the Chaldeans. Cf. Ps. 74. 
 
 I. PLAINT. Ver. 1-4. “ The heathen are come into thine inheritance” (ver. 1). 
 1. Disaster. Ver. 1. “Thy holy temple have they defiled.’ The sacri- 
 legious invasion by the intruder has brought misery to God’s people, 
 and the honor of God’s name is involved. 
 2. Distress. Ver. 2-4. “We are become a reproach” (ver. 4). It was 
 hard to believe that God counted them his chosen people and suffered 
 them to be so violated. 
 
 II. PRAYER. Ver. 5-12. “ Helb us, O God” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Request. Ver. 5, 6. “ Pour out thy wrath” (ver. 6). The situation was 
 tragic and called for drastic treatment. These were God’s enemies 
 and they must be called to account. 
 
 2. Reasons. Ver. 7. “ They have devoured . . . laid waste.’ These heathen 
 lions would devour them unless God should stop the lions’ mouths. 
 They had literally eaten up what the land produced. 
 
 3. Rescue. Ver. 8, 9. “Help... and deliver us” (ver. 9). The Psalmist 
 realizes that God has used the enemy as a chastisement and he knows, 
 too, that Jehovah is just. But he asks now for divine deliverance from 
 the results of their own and their ancestors’ sins. 
 
 4. Reprisal. Ver. 10-12. “Render unto our enemies” (ver. 12). In con- 
 fessing their sins, they keep in mind the glory of Jehovah’s name. 
 Though they have merited chastisement, it would be disaster to have 
 the heathen think him weak. Hence the plea for retributive justice so 
 that God be not mocked. 
 
 III. PRAISE. Ver. 13. “ Thy praise.” 
 1. Thanksgiving. Ver. 13a. “ Give thee thanks.’ Gratitude must be sincere 
 and deep and lasting. The Shepherd’s care over his flock calls for 
 a constant song of thanksgiving. 
 2. Testimony. Ver. 13b. “ Shew forth.’ Not only the memorial of God’s 
 goodness, but the proclamation of his grace for a witness to tell forth.. 
 his love and power. 
 
 Page 87 
 
PSALM LXXX 
 A PRAYER FOR NATIONAL DELIVERANCE 
 
 Theme: A time of great national calamity. 
 
 Occasion: Impossible to determine. Clues may be found in Ps. 74 and 79. 
 
 I. PRAYER. Ver. 1-3. 
 
 1. Shepherding. Ver. 1; 2. “Leadest ... lke a flock” (ver, 1). Israel 
 is likened to a flock, and the name of the Shepherd is full of tender- 
 ness. God’s presence in the Sanctuary is invoked, for Israel has 
 wandered often and needs bringing back. 
 
 2. Salvation. Ver. 3. “We shall be saved,’ It is not for restoration from 
 exile, therefore, but for the return of that glory which was theirs in 
 ancient days, this prayer is offered. 
 
 II. PETITION. Ver. 4-7. 
 
 1. Sorrow. Ver. 4-6. “Tears to drink” (ver. 5). The wail of suffering 
 is heard. “ How long!” has been the cry before in the Psalms (cf. 13), 
 for the shining light has become a burning fire, and the cup of 
 Israel's sorrow is full. 
 
 2. Salvation. Ver. 7. “We shall be saved.’ The refrain is sung again; 
 this time it is a prayer to “the God of hosts” as the sense of need 
 increases. 
 
 III. PLEA. Ver. 8-19. 
 
 1. Past Dealings. Ver. 8-11. “Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt” 
 (ver. 8). This parable of the vine is a picture of what Israel was, 
 and is, and is to be. Here the vine is described as being transplanted 
 out of unfriendly soil into a space made ready for its growth. Those 
 were great days when Israel prospered and multiplied! 
 
 2. Present Devastation. Ver. 12-16. “ Broken down” (ver. 12). But now 
 protection has been withdrawn and the vine is exposed to danger 
 and injury. It languishes, is devoured by the invader, and lies wasted 
 and spent. Shall it be lost? 
 
 3. Prospective Deliverance. Ver. 17-19. “ And we shall be saved” (ver. 
 19). God will raise up a Restorer and furnish a Deliverer, under 
 whose leadership Israel shall be made alive again. This time it is 
 “Lord God of hosts” as intensity of desire reaches its realization, 
 and the Psalmist is sure the prayer for God’s shining is not in vain. 
 
 Page 8&8 
 
PSALM LXXXI 
 A SONG OF WORSHIP AND WARNING 
 
 Theme: A call to worship, and a warning against neglect of God. 
 
 Occasion: Either the Feast of Trumpets, Tabernacles, or Passover. Cf. 2 
 Chron. 35. 
 
 I. CALL TO WORSHIP. Ver. 1-5. “In the time appointed” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Summons. Ver. 1-3. “Sing ... make a joyful noise” (ver. 1). The 
 worship of Israel included joyful singing and music and it was 
 ever a memorial of redemption. 
 
 2. Statute. Ver. 4. “A law-of the God of Jacob.’ ‘These festivals were by 
 divine appointment and were binding on the tribes. God was the 
 Author and Giver of this law. 
 
 3. Symbol. Ver. 5. “For a testimony.” This festival of worship became 
 a witness of God’s love and power and set forth by sign and type 
 deliverance from the bondage of Egypt. 
 
 II. CHIDING FOR WAYWARDNESS. Ver. 6-12. “ They walked in their 
 own counsel” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Ingratitude. Ver. 6,7. “TJ delivered thee” (ver. 7). The Lord gently 
 rebukes them for their forgetting so soon his redeeming grace. This 
 waywardness would have been impossible if they had been grate- 
 ful and hearkened to his will. 
 
 2. Idolatry. Ver. 8-10. “No strange god be in thee” (ver. 9). The 
 idolatry they had seen in Egypt had been brought to Canaan in 
 spite of prohibitions against it. Not until the exile were they purged 
 of that sin. 
 
 3. Independence. Ver. 11, 12. “Israel would have none of me” (ver. 11). 
 The refusal of Israel to hear the voice of God either in wooing or 
 warning and the wilful walking of the people in direct opposition to his 
 commands was the nation’s undoing. The spirit of apostasy makes 
 man think he can do without God. 
 
 III. COST OF WANDERING. Ver. 13-16. “O that my people had heark- 
 ened ... walked” (ver. 13). 
 
 1. Safety. Ver. 13, 14. “Subdued their enemies” (ver. 14). God laments 
 over the loss to Israel by this attitude, and his compassion sees them as 
 finding security only in him. 
 
 2. Shelter. Ver. 15. “ Endured forever.’ The nation would have been 
 firmly established in the shelter of his care. 
 
 3. Satisfaction. Ver. 16. “ Should I have satisfied thee.’ Famine would have 
 been unknown, the land would have yielded its sweet supplies. The 
 cost of wrong-doing is always greater than the sinner knows. 
 
 Page 89 
 
PSALM LAXXII 
 THE REBUKE OF UNJUST JUDGMENTS 
 
 Theme: The duties and responsibilities of rulers. 
 
 Occasion: Not indicated. A time of oppressive administration. Cf. Isa. 1: 17, 
 Zo eZ0: 
 
 I. THE SUMMONS OF GOD. Ver. 1-5. “ God standeth in the congrega- 
 HOM Te Verne); 
 
 lis Charge: iNersl, 2 How longvanllwe al vet.e2). 
 
 (1) Injustice. Ver. 1, 2a. “Judge unjustly” (ver. 2). God is King of 
 kings, and stands over the rulers of the earth. These magistrates had 
 been unjust and are called to account. 
 
 (2) Inequity. Ver. 2b. “ Accept the persons.’ They had favored some and 
 oppressed or neglected others, and this had been going on indefinitely. 
 
 2. Challenge. Ver. 3-5. “Do justice” (ver. 3). 
 
 (1) Defense. Ver. 3. “Defend the poor and fatherless.’ Magistrates are 
 set for the defense of the wronged and the punishment of the wrong- 
 doer. The orphan has special claim upon their protection. 
 
 (2) Deliverance. Ver. 4, 5. “ Deliver the poor and needy” (ver. 4). The 
 poor, too, have right to impartial justice. Those who are afflicted 
 should have a fair hearing and an equitable adjustment. The 
 divine lament over their ignorance and denseness is pathetic. 
 
 II. THE SENTENCE OF GOD. Ver. 6-8. “J have said” (ver. 6). 
 
 1. Condemnation. Ver. 6, 7. “Ye shall... fall” (ver. 7). 
 
 (1) Death. Ver. 6, 7a. “Ye shall die” (ver. 7). Stern upbraiding is fol- 
 lowed by a stricter sentence for those who persist. The pronounce- 
 ment of death is made upon insolent offenders. 
 
 (2) Disgrace. Ver. 7b. “ Ve shall ... fall.’ They shall be stripped of their 
 honors, and stand as common men. No longer may they be God’s 
 representatives or minister his justice. 
 
 2. Challenge. Ver. 8. “ Arise, O God.” 
 
 (1) Check. Ver. 8a. “Judge the earth’’ The psalm closes with a chal- 
 lenging prayer. Since men ignore God, let him curb their rebellion 
 and corruption. 
 
 (2) Control. Ver. 8b. “Thou shalt inherit.’ The time will come when 
 such tyranny shall cease, and God will be King of an everlasting 
 kingdom. 
 
 Page 90 
 
PSALM LXXXIII 
 A CRY FOR HELP AGAINST A WORLD IN ARMS 
 
 Theme: Invasion and war imminent, but a loyal faith in Jehovah. 
 
 Occasion: Not certain. Probably times of Jehoshaphat. 2 Chron. 20. 
 
 I. APPEAL. Ver. 1-8. “Keep not thou silence” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Counsel. Ver. 1-4. “ They have taken crafty counsel” (ver. 3). The 
 needy soul may turn to the Lord and invoke help. God seemed passive 
 and his people longed for his voice to break the silence. Shall the 
 heathen world pluck up and cast aside the chosen people? The counsels 
 of the enemy contemplated this, and God’s honor was at stake, for 
 this was conspiracy against him. 
 
 2. Confederacy. Ver. 5-8. “They are confederate against thee” (ver. 5). 
 The confederates are named. Doubtless many more took counsel 
 together than actually came against Israel in the day of battle, 
 for petty jealousies and fears would decrease the number of foes 
 when the attack was made. But this combination of forces was 
 formidable enough to drive the Psalmist to prayer. Nothing but 
 divine intervention could save them, and that must come right 
 speedily. 
 
 II. AVENGING. Ver. 9-18. “Do unto them” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Requital. Ver. 9-15. “ Make them like a wheel” (ver. 13). The Psalmist 
 would have God avenge them in their own kind. They had drawn 
 the sword, let them perish by the sword. They had disturbed Israel’s 
 peace and rest, let them be as a thing that cannot rest and can never 
 come to peace. War is cruel and avengements against those pro- 
 moting it are just. 
 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 16-18. “ Let them perish” (ver. 17). Destruction was 
 urged for the cessation of war, but the deep desire is that the enemy 
 might have been God’s friends. They miss the spirit of the Psalmist 
 who do not see this. The end of judgment and avenging is that 
 men might know Jehovah. He prays for defeat of the confederacy, 
 but yearns that men may see God’s face and acknowledge his as 
 “The Name above every name.” 
 
 Page 91 
 
PSALM LXXXIV 
 THE SOUL’S SPIRITUAL HOME 
 
 Theme: The love of the sanctuary and the worship of God. 
 
 Occasion: When the writer was deprived of the privileges of God’s house. 
 
 I. THE ASPIRING WORSHIPER. Ver. 1-4. “ My soul longeth” (ver. 2). 
 1. Conscious Presence. Ver. 1, 2. “For the living God” (ver. 2). The 
 people of God were traversing the desert in caravan. How lovely 
 is the sanctuary when we cannot get to it! We envy those who 
 can dwell in the midst of sacred things. Yet the real and conscious 
 presence of God in the heart makes it a temple that is never far 
 
 away. 
 
 2. Continuous Praise. Ver. 3, 4. “ Still praising thee” (ver. 4). There is 
 a difference between outward nearness to the sanctuary and inward 
 communion with God. The latter brings true thanksgiving. How 
 homeless is the soul without God! | 
 
 II. THE APPROACHING WORSHIPER. Ver. 5-7. “ Appeareth before 
 God” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Rest. Ver. 5. “Whose strength is in thee.’ The caravan is on its way 
 to the temple, and all are anticipating the joy of arrival. Blessedness is 
 more lasting than happiness, and though they are beset with obstacles 
 that are cruel and hard and which test their strength, God is their true 
 rest, and in him they spend strength to gain more. 
 
 2. Refreshment. Ver. 6, 7. “ Make it a well” (ver. 6). The blessedness 
 of life is found in making the most of unfavorable circumstances and 
 overcoming conditions by transforming them. God puts all our 
 tears “into his bottle’’ and changes the hard places of our pilgrimage 
 into joy and refreshment. 
 
 III. THE APPEALING WORSHIPER. Ver. 8-12. “Give ear, O God” 
 (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Supplication. Ver. 8-10. “Hear my prayer” (ver. 8). This is the 
 prayer of the Psalmist who has found God his true sanctuary. He 
 longs for the king’s restoration that he may once more be in the 
 Temple for worship, and thus returns to the theme of the psalm. 
 
 2. Satisfaction. Ver. 11, 12. “No good thing will he withhold” (ver. 11). 
 God is the soul’s true satisfaction, he is the fountain of light and 
 life. Those who love and trust him “ shall not walk in darkness, 
 but shall have the light of life.’ 
 
 Page 92 
 
PSALM LXXXV 
 THE PRAYER OF THE PATRIOT 
 
 Theme: A patriot’s contemplation of his afflicted country and his faith in God. 
 
 Occasion: Hard to decide. Perhaps when the land was oppressed by the Philis- 
 tines, or maybe upon the return of the exiles. 
 
 I. PRAISE. Ver. 1-3. “Thou hast been favorable” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Restoration. Ver. 1. “Thou hast brought back” (ver. 1). Whether 
 this psalm is post- or pre-exilic, it begins with praise to God for past 
 mercies. Captivity can only really end by a just dealing with sin. 
 The sixfold repetition of “ Thou” gives glory to God, whoever may 
 have been the instrument of delivering and restoring Israel. 
 
 2. Reinstatement. Ver. 2, 3. “Thou hast forgiven” (ver. 2). With sin 
 
 taken away, Israel is back in God’s favor. His mercy has lifted 
 the weight (Isa. 40: 2) and covered the sin. His love has also 
 removed the wretchedness that was consequent upon that sin. 
 
 II. PRAYER. Ver. 4-7. “Cause thine anger to cease” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Renewal. Ver. 4, 5. “Turn us, O God” (ver. 4). The real reason for 
 Israel’s turning was that God “turned.” Five times is this word 
 used. If there was any incompleteness on God’s part, it was due to 
 the failure of Israel to return fully to him, hence this prayer for 
 renewal. They need bringing back to God more than they need 
 return from captivity. 
 
 Revival. Ver. 6, 7. “ Quicken us again” (ver. 6). The people need a 
 quickening into a life in God. While men have only partially turned 
 from sin, God cannot complete his purposes for them. 
 
 III. PEACE. Ver. 8-13. “He will speak peace” (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Salvation. Ver. 8-11. “ His salvation is nigh them” (ver. 9). This 
 assurance of peace is based on the promise reported by the Psalmist. 
 Prayer should be followed by waiting. Forgiveness is in order that 
 men may turn from their sins. There is no peace for those who 
 choose to relapse. 
 
 2. Satisfaction. Ver. 12, 13. “Shall give that which is good” (ver. 13). 
 A relation between the land and the restored people is indicated. It 
 will yield blessing in its increase. This is an unfolding of God’s 
 heart of love. If he directs our goings we shall be satisfied with 
 his provision, and we shall be safe. 
 
 Page 93 
 
PSALM LAXXVI 
 A PSALM OF PRAYER AND PRAISE 
 
 Theme: Quotations from various sources concerning the forgiving mercy of 
 God. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. Possibly times of persecution under Saul. 
 
 I. PRAYER. Ver. 1-7. “Give ear unto my prayer” (ver. 6). 
 
 1. Appeal. Ver. 1, 2. “ Hear me, for I am poor and needy” (ver. 1). 
 Our need is sufficient reason for our prayer, and God recognizes 
 it as valid. The covenant relation is a higher plane, however, 
 and it is God’s holiness that he pleads, not his own. (Cf. ver. 10.) 
 
 2. Anxiety. Ver. 3, 4. “‘ Unto thee do I lift up my soul” (ver. 4). The im- 
 portunity of his prayer reveals the burden of his soul. He cries that 
 he may again know gladness of heart, through God’s smile. It is the 
 eagerness of faith. 
 
 3. Assurance. Ver. 5-7. “Thou wilt answer me” (ver. 7). God’s name 
 brings confidence, and the Psalmist approaches on the ground of mercy 
 and in full assurance of faith. 
 
 II. PRAISE. Ver. 8-13. “J will praise thee” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Greatness. Ver. 8-10. “ For thou art great” (ver. 10). Prayer merges 
 into praise. God is contrasted here, not compared. (Cf. ver. 10.) 
 Sooner or later men shall acknowledge God as over all. 
 
 2. Guidance. Ver. 1l. “ Teach me thy way.’ A remembrance of outward 
 needs leads him to seek a clear vision of God’s appointed ways. A 
 divided heart brings only sorrow. 
 
 3. Goodness. Ver. 12, 13. “Great is thy mercy toward me” (ver. 13). 
 All his being goes out in praise for God’s goodness which has ever 
 been manifested toward him. No doubt he is able to count by faith 
 that the deliverance asked for is already accomplished. 
 
 III. PLEA. Ver. 14-17. “Turn unto me” (ver. 16). 
 
 1. Peril. Ver. 14. “Violent men have sought after my soul.” ‘The 
 danger from which he would be delivered is at last described. 
 Oppressors unite against him and this is the Hades of ver. 13. 
 
 2. Patience. Ver. 15. “ Full of compassion ... longsuffering.” But Jehovah 
 is patient with his people and high above the danger is God “ keeping 
 watch over his own.” 
 
 3. Proof. Ver. 16,17. “ Show me a token for good” (ver. 17). There is 
 no presumption in seeking this outward sign as a pledge of God’s 
 mercy, for it was to be a witness to Jehovah’s glory, so that even blind 
 eyes might see him and live. 
 
 Page 94 
 
PSALM LXXXVII 
 A SONG OF PIETY AND PATRIOTISM 
 
 Theme: The honor of Jerusalem and the pride of Zion. 
 
 Occasion: No information. Perhaps when the first Temple was built. 
 
 I. PRAISE. Ver. 1-3. “Spoken of thee” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Greatness of Zion. Ver. 1, 2. “ Foundations” (ver. 1). Piety and 
 patriotism mingle in this song. The Psalmist breaks into rapturous 
 praise of Jerusalem as the dwelling-place of God. Jehovah is her 
 true foundation and strength. 
 
 2. Glory of Zion. Ver. 3. “Glorious things ... spoken.’ The history of 
 Jerusalem was the joy and pride of Israel. Not only the past, 
 but future joy predicted of her (Isa. 52) becomes the just subject 
 of praise. 
 
 II. PROCLAMATION. Ver. 4-6. “J will make mention” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Approval. Ver. 4. “ Them that know me.’ God’s voice of approbation 
 is brought in to prepare for the disclosures he would make concerning 
 Zion. Egypt and Babylon, both having inflicted miseries on Israel 
 and formerly detested, are proclaimed as among those who know 
 Jehovah. Philistia, an old foe, Tyre a sad example, Ethiopia a 
 distant people, all shall bow before the Lord and be accepted as those 
 born into God’s family of nations. 
 
 2. Acknowledgment. Ver. 5, 6. “ Was born there” (ver. 6). Not only as 
 nations, but as individuals shall they be counted citizens of Zion, 
 the city of the King. This establishment of Zion proclaimed by 
 Jehovah and by the Psalmist, makes Jerusalem the true metropolis of 
 God. All gulfs shall be bridged and the city shall be “ compact 
 together.” 
 
 III. PROCESSION. Ver. 7. “Singers ... players .... there.” 
 1. Singing. Ver. 7a. “ Singers.’ The writer sees the procession of wor- 
 shipers holding sacred festival and marching to the music of praise. 
 2. Satisfaction. Ver. 7b. “All my springs.’ Not in Zion were all his 
 joys to be found, but in the GOD OF ZION. Our sufficiency is 
 in him, and in him will we put our trust and find our true satisfaction. 
 
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PSALM LXAXXVIII 
 A PSALM OF SAD COMPLAINT 
 
 Theme: Mental malady caused by affliction in which is found no relief. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. SUFFERING. Ver. 1-9. “I have cried night and day” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Distress. Ver. 1-3. “My soul is full of trouble’ (ver. 3). The one 
 ray of light in this psalm is the faith that leads to cry at all. There is 
 no definite petition, but there is prayer in the wail coming out of this 
 distress of soul. 
 
 2. Depression. Ver. 4-6. “ Like the slain in the grave” (ver. 5). A picture 
 of hopelessness and despair as he describes his affliction and crushing 
 sorrow. 
 
 3. Desertion. Ver. 7-9. “ Put away... from me” (ver. 8). A sense of 
 desertion traces his condition to the providences of God, yet he 
 breathes out submission. In his loneliness he is flung back upon God 
 who does not turn him away. 
 
 II. SHADOW. Ver. 10-12. “In the dark” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Helplessness. Ver. 10. “ Shall the dead arise?” These may be some of 
 the “daily” prayers. An appeal to save him from death, where even 
 his power to praise has fled. 
 
 2. Hopelessness. Ver. 11. “ Destruction” (ver. 11). In this cheerless state, 
 deserted, and despairing, he feels destroyed and as hope of ever 
 again witnessing to God’s loving-kindness. 
 
 3. Horror. Ver. 12. “The dark.” The shades of death are upon him, the 
 horror of darkness overtakes him till he dwells where memory and 
 love are lost and remembrance is unknown. 
 
 III. SUPPLICATION. Ver. 13-18. “Unto thee have I cried” (ver. 13). 
 1. Desertion. Ver. 13, 14. “ Castest ... off my soul?” (ver. 14). Even 
 in such dire need the Psalmist continues in prayer. Abandoned by 
 
 friend and acquaintance, he feels deserted also of God. 
 
 2. Distraction. Ver. 15. “J am distracted.’ His affliction has lasted so 
 long that he is as one ready to die. The edge of his sorrow is not 
 dull, however, but keen. 
 
 3. Darkness. Ver. 16-18. “Into darkness.’ His troubles came upon him 
 like a flood, overwhelming and enveloping him in darkness. This 
 was not the end, for there are assurances that light finally came, and 
 God did not leave him empty of love. 
 
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PSALM LXAXXIX 
 THE COVENANT PSALM 
 
 Theme: Pleading the promises of God in the presence of a great national 
 disaster. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Possibly near the time of Josiah. 2 Chron. 35 : 20-22, 
 
 I. AFFIRMATIONS AND ATTRIBUTES. Ver. 1-18. “The mercies of 
 the Lord” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1, 2. “J will sing” (ver. 1). The loving-kindness and 
 faithfulness of God is in the background of the Psalmist’s thought as 
 he makes his plaint concerning impending calamity. 
 
 2. Promises. Ver. 3, 4. “A covenant with my chosen” (ver. 3). The 
 covenant with David concerning the throne is found in 2 Sam. 7. 
 
 3. Power. Ver. 5-18. “Who is a strong Lord like unto thee?” (ver. 8). 
 The might of Jehovah and his glory make up the divine attributes 
 on which his soul rests. These are seen in the heavens, they are 
 manifested on the earth. “ Since God is such a God, his Israel 1s 
 blessed, whatever the present plight.” 
 
 II. AVOWAL AND ANNOUNCEMENT. Ver. 19-37. “ Then thou saidst” 
 (ver. 19). 
 
 1. Prophecy. Ver. 19-27. “Spakest in vision” (ver. 19). The prophecy 
 by ‘Nathan reveals the selection of David for the throne. 
 
 2. Paraphrase. Ver. 28-35. (2 Sam. 7 : 14ff.) “My covenant” (ver. 28). 
 A poetical expansion of the promise and the announcement that 
 the covenant involved the honor of God. 
 
 3. Promises. Ver. 36, 37. “ His seed shall endure forever” (ver. 36). It 
 is also shown that perpetuity is involved of which God was his own 
 witness. Looking forward, we can see as he could not, how in 
 Christ this was to be perfectly fulfilled. 
 
 Ill. AFFLICTION AND ANNULMENT. Ver. 38-52. “Thou hast made 
 votd’ (ver. 39). 
 
 1. Plaint. Ver. 38-45. “Thou hast cut off ... abhorred” (ver. 38). The 
 remonstrance seems bold and almost irreverent. But David’s kingdom 
 has come to ruin, and it looks as though his enemies have defeated 
 God’s purpose. 
 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 46-48. “ How long, Lord?” (ver. 46). The Psalmist is sure 
 it cannot be forever, and in true reverence he cries out, “ How long!” 
 
 3. Plea. Ver. 49-52. “ Remember, Lord” (ver. 50). One more plea and 
 the Psalmist is done. He had felt the burden of it all, and now asks 
 for relief, so that God shall override the insolence of those who 
 mock at him, and that his Name shall be forever vindicated. 
 
 Page 97 
 
DOXOLOGY 
 PSALM 89 : 52 
 
 Blessed be the Lord for evermore. Amen, and Amen. 
 
BOOK FOUR 
 PSALMS NINETY TO ONE HUNDRED AND SIX 
 
 GOD OUR KING 
 “The Lord, the King.”—Ps. 98 : 6. 
 

 
PSALM XC 
 A BELIEVER’S OUTLOOK ON LIFE 
 
 Theme: The transitory life of a man and the eternity of God. 
 
 Occasion: Mosaic authorship would place this psalm about the close of 
 the wilderness wanderings. 
 
 I. THE FRAILTY OF MAN. Ver. 1-11. “ Return, ye children of dust” 
 (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Contemplation. Ver. 1, 2. “Thou art God” (ver. 2). Though we are 
 pilgrims on earth, God is our eternal home. Frail as man is, God 
 is his true shelter. Man is face to face with the natural order of 
 things, but he sees the greatness of Jehovah and finds both faith 
 and worship his sure and safe refuge. 
 
 2. Contrast. Ver. 3-6. “Thou turnest man” (ver. 3). “ Change and decay 
 in all around I see’ would stagger us if we could not learn “ thou 
 sayest return.’ This is a dreary recital of the transitory nature of 
 man, but his mortality is only contrasted with God’s eternity to 
 make the latter more clear. 
 
 3. Complaint. Ver. 7-11. “We are consumed” (ver. 7). The mortality of 
 man is part of God’s great order, but the Psalmist cannot refrain from 
 observing the connection between all this and sin. He sees no con- 
 tradiction, therefore, for he has the blessedness of knowing God is 
 eternal and in him man is secure. 
 
 II. THE FINALITY OF GOD. Ver. 12-17. “ Return, O Lord” (ver. 13). 
 1. Compassion. Ver. 12, 13. “ Let it repent thee” (ver. 13). The Psalmist 
 permits faith to find expression in prayer. There is something more, 
 and in his soul-sight he takes a higher pathway. He prays for a lofty 
 view of life, so that man may set more store by time and live in the 
 finality of God and eternity. He prays for God’s compassionate mercy, 
 forgiveness, and favor. In wistful yearning, he cries out, “ How 
 
 long?” 
 
 2, Communion, Ver. 914,15... O satisfy us”. (ver. 14)... The. believer 
 seeks access to God and finds delight and satisfaction in him. As 
 the manna met bodily needs, so the “ bread out of heaven” can satisfy 
 the soul. God’s mercy is like heavenly manna and recognizing its 
 source will teach us to glory in afflictions. 
 
 3. Crowning. Ver. 16, 17. “ Let the beauty of ... our God be upon us” 
 (ver. 17). Here is the Psalmist’s understanding of the far-reaching 
 glory of all God’s ways with men. He had a conviction that Jehovah 
 will finally crown his servants, and that fleeting as our days may be, 
 God will at the last order all our work to issue in triumph. 
 
 Page 101 
 
PSALM XCI 
 GOD THE SANCTUARY OF BELIEVERS 
 
 Theme: The fellowship of the Believer with God. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown, unless Mosaic authorship as Psalm 90. 
 
 I. STATE OF THE GODLY. Ver. 1, 2. “ Dwelleth in the secret place” 
 (ver. 1). When God’s people dwell in the inner sanctuary, they are 
 overshadowed, as the mercy-seat was covered by the outstretched 
 wings of the cherubim over which stood the Shekinah. “Jn the secret 
 of his presence” the soul delights to hide. 
 
 II. SAFETY OF THE GODLY. Ver. 3-8. “Under his wings” (ver. +). 
 God is the soul’s refuge, and safety is found from secret and open 
 perils. Neither foe, famine, nor pestilence can overtake those who 
 are “ under his wings.’ God is a strong defense and his faithfulness is 
 sure so that his people are protected. 
 
 IiI. SANCTUARY OF THE GODLY. Ver. 9, 10. “No ewil befall thee” 
 (ver. 10). Since God is the soul’s spiritual dwelling-place, the godly are 
 spared much that comes to others, and no evil thing can come near 
 their earthly abodes. 
 
 IV. SECURITY OF THE GODLY. Ver. 11, 12. “To keep thee im all thy 
 ways’ (ver. 11). The believer may dwell, then, in peaceful security, 
 for all God’s servants are guarded by angels which are as a garrison 
 round about and which carry his weight as a nurse holds up and 
 guides a convalescent patient from danger of stumbling. 
 
 V. SUPREMACY OF THE GODLY. Ver. 13-15. “J will set him on high” 
 (ver. 14). Not only the angels support, but God spreads his wings 
 over those who are his and, protecting them from assaults of such 
 as would assail, lifts them up to a place where even angels cannot 
 bring them, a place safe above the danger, where the soul can live in 
 communion with him and hear his answering voice. 
 
 VI. SALVATION OF THE GODLY. Ver. 16. “Show him my salvation” 
 (ver. 16). At the end he shall find, who puts his trust’ in God, that 
 “length of days” are his, not only in this world, but in the world to 
 come. In that day God will reveal the salvation he has provided 
 for his children and they shall find refuge in him forever. 
 
 Page 102 
 
PSALM XCII 
 A PSALM OF PRAISE FOR GOD’S GOODNESS 
 
 Theme: The praise of God as true Sabbatic service and worship. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. 
 
 PRELUDE OF THANKSGIVING. Ver. 1-4. “Jt is a good thing to 
 give thanks” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Gladness of Praise. Ver. 1-3. “To sing praises” (ver. 1). Thanksgiv- 
 ing is a privilege and a joy. It brings delight, and it is acceptable to 
 God. The goodness of the Lord will ever be the theme of the godly. 
 
 2. Ground of Praise. Ver. 4. “ Thou hast made me glad through thy works.” 
 The greatness of Jehovah is the reason for praise and gladness. The 
 workings of God’s providence call for adoration, and the contempla- 
 
 - tion of God’s ways strengthen faith. 
 
 I. PROVIDENCE TOWARD THE GODLESS. Ver. 5-9. “ Thine enemies 
 shall perish” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Works. Ver. 5, 6. “ How great are thy works” (ver. 5). The mysteries 
 of God’s providences are reassuring to his people. When they see 
 that the wicked do not finally prosper, but are cut off, they take heart. 
 Evil may conspire for a time, but it will eventually fail and be cast 
 down. 
 
 2. Wrath. Ver. 7-9. “They shall be destroyed” (ver. 7). The providence 
 of God against the wicked is stern and unyielding. Every foe will 
 be destroyed, every enemy scattered, and God’s might shall be revealed, 
 his justice vindicated. 
 
 II. PROVIDENCE TOWARD THE GODLY. Ver. 10-15. “ The righteous 
 shall flourish” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Vindication. Ver. 10,11. “ My horn shalt thou exalt” (ver. 10). The 
 blessedness of those who put their trust in God is set forth in his 
 dealings with them. Their wasting strength is renewed, their righteous- 
 ness upheld, their cause is made secure by his overruling grace. 
 
 2. Victory. Ver. 12-15. “Fruit in old age” (ver. 14). The perpetuity 
 of the godly and their permanence is secured in long life and con- 
 tinued fruitfulness. This is a source of joy, the victory of right over 
 might, of truth and justice over error and oppression. 
 
 Page 103 
 
PSALM XCIII 
 A SONG OF GOD’S MAJESTY 
 
 Theme: The Omnipotent Sovereignty of Jehovah who reigns supreme. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. Some danger threatening the nation. 
 
 I. SOVEREIGNTY. Ver. 1, 2. “ The Lord reigneth” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Exaltation. Ver. 1. “ Clothed with majesty.’ Jehovah is always mani- 
 festing his sovereign power. He needs no royal robes to display his 
 majesty. Glory and strength hold steady a “reeling world” and 
 keep it firm and fixed. 
 
 2. Eternity. Ver. 2. “ Thou art from eternity.” The stablishing of the world 
 rests back on the eternity of our God. In him is immortality, and 
 he will still be eternal when earth and time shall be no more. 
 
 II. STRENGTH. Ver. 3. “The floods have lifted up.” 
 
 1. Ferocity. Ver. 3a. “Lifted up.’ But if the world is firm, things in it 
 are not fixed. Fine symbols of the rebellious powers against God’s 
 government are seas and floods, yet these he holds in his hands. 
 Mortals that rebel are not so easily stilled, but God will control them. 
 
 2. Futility. Ver. 3b. “Lift up.’ The opposition of the enemy is as 
 futile, therefore, as would be storm and tempest dashing against the 
 eternal hills. Their hour will come, but God’s kingdom will abide. 
 
 III. SUPREMACY. Ver. 4. “The Lord on high,” 
 
 1. Might. Ver. 4a. “ Mightier than.’ God is above every storm and 
 tempest, and is greater than all the forces that could be mustered 
 against him. He is the master of men and combinations of men. 
 “Kings or mobs or emperors or savages” cannot touch a hair 
 
 : of God’s saints. 
 
 2. Majesty. Ver. 4b. “Waves of the sea.’ God’s majesty is manifest 
 in his dominion. The shriek of the storm will cower at his 
 bidding, the opposition of the rebellious will be hushed at his 
 Word. 
 
 IV. SANCTITY. Ver. 5. “ Holiness becometh,” 
 
 1, Infallibility. Ver. 5a. “Testimonies are very sure”’ The serenity of 
 peace comes with this final utterance. God’s word is sure and 
 abideth forever. 
 
 2. Inviolability. Ver. 5b. “ Forever.’ Nothing can destroy what holiness 
 protects; if it depart, all will fall. 
 
 Page 104 
 
PSALM XCIV 
 A SONG OF ASSURANCE IN CHASTENING 
 
 Theme: The temporary prosperity and continued oppression of evil-doers. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. 
 
 I. COMPLAINT. Ver. 1-11. “How long shall the wicked triumph?” 
 (vera3): 
 
 1. Invocation. Ver. 1, 2. “Lift up thyself” (ver. 2). The people have 
 been oppressed by wicked and godless rulers before whom the inno- 
 cent were helpless. The appeal is made to God as Judge, in view of 
 pressing need. The longing of good men is that Jehovah shall break 
 out in just judgment on the oppressors. 
 
 2. Inquiry. Ver. 3-6. “ How long?” (ver. 3). The cry of suffering faith 
 
 - becomes reverently impatient. This is the burden of many a crushed 
 soul. The boasting of the evil-doer, his insults and threatening, 
 wrench from unwilling lips this prayer of provoked endurance. 
 
 3. Indifference. Ver. 7-11. “ Shall not he correct?” (ver.10). In arrogant 
 pride the godless oppressor, indifferent himself, imagines God to be 
 unconcerned. But he who chastens nations, and not less his own 
 chosen people, is not indifferent but will rebuke those nations and 
 individuals who think themselves secure in their self-delusions. 
 
 II. CHASTENING. Ver. 12-23. “ Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest” 
 iver iA)e 
 
 1. Consolation. Ver. 12-15. “The Lord will not cast off his people’ 
 (ver. 14). The Psalmist now turns from complaint of the oppressor 
 to the condition of the oppressed, and his plaint resolves itself into 
 a song of consolation. All these experiences are seen to be loving 
 and far-sighted discipline and must end in peace. 
 
 2. Comfort. Ver. 16-19. “Thy comforts delight my soul” (ver. 19). 
 With reverent faith, the comfort of the Lord is accounted a happy 
 issue out of all their afflictions. God did help or their feet had slipped. 
 From ungracious doubtings they come to trust and contentment of 
 heart. 
 
 3. Covert. Ver. 20-23. “The Lord is my defense” (ver. 22). God is 
 the soul’s true refuge and home. When doubts come surging over 
 the soul, it is safe to fall back on the everlasting arms, and find 
 shelter “under his wings.’ He will not leave us nor forsake. 
 
 Page 105 
 
PSALM XCV 
 A SONG OF INVITATION TO WORSHIP 
 
 Theme: Exhortation and warning of God’s people. 
 Occasion: Unknown. Cf. Heb. 4: 7. 
 
 I. WORSHIP. Ver. 1-7a. 
 
 1. Invocation. Ver. 1-5. “O come, let us sing” (ver. 1). 
 
 (1) Majesty. Ver. 1-3. “A great God... king” (ver. 3). This glorious 
 song of the church through all the centuries strikes a chord in our 
 hearts that finds answer in praise to God. Joy throbs in this sum- 
 mons to worship the Majestic One. 
 
 (2) Might. Ver. 4, 5. “In his hand” (ver. 4). His all-creating hand 
 holds the universe in his keeping, and his sustaining power is extolled 
 as a reason for praise. d 
 
 2. Invitation. Ver. 6, 7a. “O come, let us worship” (ver. 6). 
 
 (1) Reverence. Ver. 6. “Let us kneel before the Lord.’ True adoration 
 will suggest prostration in reverent humility. There will be no care- 
 less or presumptuous attitude in the true worshiper, for he is ap- 
 proaching the “ King of kings.” 
 
 (2) Recognition. Ver. 7a. “We are the people of his pasture.’ We shall 
 recognize our relation to him. He has bought us, we are his possession 
 and care, in him alone is our sustenance and protection. 
 
 II. WARNING. Ver. 7b-11. 
 
 1. Exhortation. Ver. 7b-9. “ Harden not your heart” (ver. 8). 
 
 (1) Provocation. Ver. 7b, 8. “ As in the provocation” (ver. 8). Suddenly 
 we are confronted with grave warning lest men offend by their attitude 
 toward God. “The shouting and the tumult cease’? that we may 
 hear God’s voice. Sinners in the olden time by their indifference 
 and irreverence provoked him to wrath. 
 
 (2) Proving. Ver. 9. “ Proved me.’ The provocation was their ingratitude 
 in the face of having again and again proved by experience God’s 
 guardianship and goodness. (Cf. Exod. 17: 1-7.) The divine care 
 and deliverances only hardened their hearts because of long con- 
 tinuance. 
 
 2. Endurance. Ver. 10, 11. “Forty years long” (ver. 10). 
 
 (1) Rebellion. Ver. 10. “Err in their hearts”’ The secret of such base 
 apostasy was that their hearts were astray from God. 
 
 (2) Recompense. Ver. 11. “ Not enter into my rest.” Forgetting to worship, 
 they failed to find rest; missing God, they lost all. “ Our hearts are 
 restless till they find their home in thee.” 
 
 Page 106 
 
PSALM XCVI 
 A PSALM OF MISSIONARY PROPHECY 
 
 Theme: Desire to spread the good news of salvation to the ends of the earth. 
 
 Occasion: Not noted. May be the setting of the Ark in the tent. Cf. 1 
 Chron. 16. 
 
 I. SALVATION. Ver. 1-3. “Shew forth his salvation” (ver. 2). This is a 
 Missionary Psalm, and it is also Messianic, looking forward to the 
 blessing that shall come to all peoples through the knowledge of 
 Jehovah. When the Hebrew bard invites the Gentile world to adore 
 Jehovah as God and to share in his salvation, the Holy Spirit must 
 have possessed him indeed for divine utterance. The salvation which 
 God offers man is the glory of him who provides it, and none is to 
 
 _be left out. 
 
 II. SOVEREIGNTY. Ver. 4-6. “The Lord is great” (ver. 4). Our God is 
 no tribal deity, but the Great God of the Universe. All others are false 
 idols without life or power or sovereignty. He knows no defeat and 
 will brook no rival. The heavens declare his creative power. His 
 attributes include honor and majesty, strength and beauty, but these 
 are spoken of rather as his ministering servants, attending him in 
 royal state. 
 
 III. SUPREMACY. Ver. 7-9. “Give unto the Lord the glory” (ver. 8). 
 From song to sacrifice, the Psalmist would now claim an offering of 
 the heart for Jehovah. For he is supreme, and his dwelling-place is 
 the center of all created things. Hence none should appear before 
 him empty. Not that he needs our gifts, but that he does crave in 
 every offering that spirit which denotes true worship. Holiness is the 
 meet grace that is demanded of us in our worship, it is the prerequisite 
 to access, and we know in our day it is to be found in Christ. 
 
 IV. SPIRITUALITY. Ver. 10-13. “ The Lord reigneth” (ver. 10). The glad- 
 dest news in all the universe that can come to man is of a spiritual 
 sway which is above all earthly kingdoms. That is the “ gospel’ we 
 are to take to the most benighted of earth. In prophetic gaze the 
 Psalmist takes a long look forward to a “ coming” which is to bring 
 blessing to men. He came, “of whom the prophets. foretold,’ the 
 first time as a “ sin-offering.’ He comes again “ the second time” as 
 Judge. Blessed are they who can look with joy for that coming. 
 
 Page 107 
 
PSALM XCVII 
 A PSALM OF MISSIONARY REJOICING 
 
 Theme: The Sovereignty and supremacy of God vindicating the righteous. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. In view of some victory, and evidently Messianic. 
 I. THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GOD. Ver. 1-3. “The Lord reigneth” 
 (ver. ): 
 
 1. Summons. Ver. 1. “ Let the earth rejoice.’ God is King, and all are 
 called upon to worship him, for he is Lord over all. This is missionary 
 in that even the isles of the sea are to rejoice in Jehovah’s rule. 
 
 2. Solemnity. Ver. 2, 3. “Clouds and darkness are round about him” 
 (ver. 2). The Lord God is surrounded by the curtains of nature. 
 The solemn mystery of his person and ways provoke awe and 
 forbid trifling or irreverence. God is love, but our God is also 
 “a consuming fire.” 
 
 II. THE SUBLIMITY OF GOD. Ver. 4-6. “The presence of the Lord” 
 (Veto: 
 1. Power. Ver. 4. “Ais lightnings”’ If the lightnings of nature are so 
 transcendent, how sublime must be his presence and his glory and 
 his power. He is “light unapproachable.” 
 
 2. Plenitude.|, Veri5, 6: oRighigousness=. eGl0r yea) Ver aD een 
 gracious attributes of God are manifold, and he has full and plenteous 
 redemption. 
 
 III. THE SUPREMACY OF GOD. Ver. 7-9. “ High above all the earth” 
 (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Exclusion. Ver. 7. “Worship him.’ God is not to be compared, but 
 contrasted with idols, for they are “no gods” and must be excluded 
 from worship. Man may bow down to none but Jehovah. 
 
 2. Exaltation. Ver. 8, 9. “Exalted far above all gods” (ver. 9). No 
 wonder idols are excluded when we seek to scale the majestic height 
 of our God! He is higher than the highest heaven! 
 
 IV. THE SANCTITY OF GOD. Ver. 10-12. “The remembrance of his holi- 
 Mess se { Ver. 12) 
 
 1. Exhortation. Ver. 10. “ Hate evil.” God’s fire will consume evil, there- 
 fore we are to give it no place in the heart. If we love God we shall 
 hate the thing he hates. 
 
 2. Encouragement. Ver. 11, 12. “Rejoice . .. give thanks” (ver. 12). 
 The pathway of the righteous is paved with light and gladness. Surely 
 the people of God will cleave to him and remembering that even his 
 name is holy, they will “rejoice and give thanks.” 
 
 Page 108 
 
PSALM XCVIII 
 A HYMN OF CORONATION 
 
 Theme: Proclaiming the Conquering Messiah as Monarch of all nations. 
 
 Occasion: Not stated. 
 
 I, THEME OF PRAISE. Ver. 1-3. Salvation. “ Wrought salvation” (ver. 
 Pe Reva): 
 
 1. Glory. Ver. 1,2. “ Right hand... holy arm” (ver. 1). The Psalmist 
 begins with a summons to praise and to declare the glory of God to 
 the nations. By his own unweaponed hand he has achieved mighty 
 victories and has overthrown the powers of evil. 
 
 2. Grace. Ver. 3. “ Mercy and truth.’ It may be the return from Babylon 
 that is in mind. For though the heathen might have thought God had 
 forgotten his people, yet he showed before all the earth how well he 
 kept his covenant. Israel is indeed God’s witness. 
 
 II. TOKENS OF PRAISE. Ver. 4-6. Singing. “Sing unto the Lord” 
 (verr5 ) 
 
 1. Music. Ver. 4, 5a. “ With the harp” (ver. 5). Every instrument must be 
 employed, every tongue is invoked. There is no music in pagan 
 worship. 
 
 2. Melody. Ver. 5b, 6. “Voice of melody” (ver. 5, R. V.). The swelling 
 chords lift a pean of praise, a great “ Hallelujah Chorus” in which 
 one melodious strain is heard throughout. 
 
 III. TRIUMPHS OF PRAISE. Ver. 7-9. Sovereignty. “He cometh to judge 
 the earth” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Joy. Ver. 7,8. “Be joyful together” (ver. 8). Bold figures are these 
 to describe all creation vocal with praise! Even the hills are in con- 
 cert with the floods, whose waves sound like the applause of a 
 multitude. 
 
 2. Judgment. Ver. 9. “With righteousness . . . equity.’ What joy that 
 at last righteousness prevails, what triumph that justice and equity 
 will forever hold sway! The delights of the people of God when that 
 time comes will be past telling. 
 
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PSALM XCIX 
 THE SANCTUS PSALM 
 
 Theme: Prophetic and Messianic, showing the sanctity of our Lord’s Mediatorial 
 Reign. 
 
 Occasion: None known. 
 
 I. PERMANENCE OF GOD. Ver. 1-3. “He Is Holy.” “The Lord 
 VEIGNCL oad VET. Layee 
 
 1. Glory. Ver. 1. “He sitieth between the Cherubim.” God is high and 
 lifted up, and is separate from things created. He is seen first in 
 heaven, but at that vision the earth staggers. . 
 
 2. Greatness. Ver. 2. “The Lord is great mn Zion.’ Here Jehovah is 
 seen on earth, and his influence is made known over all lands by his 
 deeds in Israel. 
 
 3. Goodness. Ver. 3. “ For it [his name] is holy.’ God is not veiled, but 
 has revealed himself in his acts which are evidences of his loving- 
 kindness. Thereby he has made himself a name “ great and terrible.” 
 
 II. PRESENCE OF GOD. Ver. 4,5. “He Is Holy.” “ Thou didst establish 
 equity” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Mercy. Ver. 4a. “ The king’s strength loveth judgment.’ God is holy 
 not merely because he is “lifted up,’ but because he is righteous, 
 and that righteousness is not arbitrary but loving. He shows mercy, 
 even when right finally triumphs. 
 
 2. Might. Ver. 4b. “ Executeth righteousness.’ Not only.is he righteous, 
 but he is mighty to see justice done. 
 
 3. Majesty. Ver. 5. “Worship at his footstool.’ His people, above all 
 others, should adore him. “ Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of Sabaoth.” 
 
 III. POWER OF GOD. Ver. 6-9. “He Is Holy.” “ Thou answeredst them” 
 (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Revelation. Ver. 6. “Among his priests.’ Here are examples, Moses, 
 Aaron, and Samuel, who set in clear light the true nature of worship. 
 It should include adoration and sacrifice. 
 
 2. Response. Ver. 7. “Spoke to them in the cloudy pillar” (ver. 7). The 
 Psalmist calls us up into the mount. He is a Holy God, and he is a 
 forgiving God. Forgiveness is far more than escape from penalty. 
 
 3. Relationship. Ver. 8, 9. “ The Lord is Our God” (ver. 9). The special 
 examples are lost sight of now, and all the people are invited into 
 this communion. For men prostrated by a sense of need and awe, 
 there would be no hope for access if the gulf had not been bridged 
 by Jesus. In him we draw near with confidence to the heart of God. 
 
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PSALM C 
 A JUBILATE PSALM OF THANKSGIVING 
 
 Theme: An appeal to the whole world to unite in worshiping Jehovah. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Nothing local. 
 
 I. ADORATION. Ver. 1. “Make a joyful noise unto the Lord.’ This 
 shout of welcome given to the king who enters the royal city is becom- 
 ing those who approach the throne in worship. The Psalmist is 
 missionary in his outlook, and sees beyond Palestine, and the blessing 
 of Abraham. It is a welcome to all men of all climes to the Sanctuary 
 of the Lord. | 
 
 II. APPROACH. Ver. 2. “ Come before his presence.’ Joy must be the note 
 of this worship. The Psalmist would leave no place in this song for 
 the minor key. The praise of the heart as well as of the lips must 
 be reverent, holy gladness. “ Let those refuse to sing who never knew 
 our God.” But his people will bring their glad jubilates to him. 
 
 III. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Ver. 3. “ Know ye that the Lord, he is God.” 
 There must ever be in the background, however, a due sense of awe 
 and a recognition of God’s presence and worth. This may be the 
 reason for gladness, but it is also the ground of our worship, for in 
 every act of devotion God is revealed to men. “ We are coming to a 
 King!” 
 
 IV. ACCESS. Ver. 4. “ Enter into his gates.’ Another note is now added. The 
 right of approach to earthly monarchs is guarded, much more should 
 it be remembered that in ourselves we have no right of access to 
 our God. Crowds may enter the portals of his house who never 
 find access to him. With grateful hearts that recognize his goodness, 
 we may find his ear open and the way to the throne made clear as 
 we offer our word of adoration and praise. 
 
 V. AFFIRMATION. Ver. 5. “The Lord is good.’ God chose us for his 
 inheritance, and the revelation of his character convinces us it was 
 not because of merit but according to his grace. Nor does he cease to 
 love us when we prove failing. “ Having loved his own ... he loved 
 them unto the end.” 
 
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PSALM CI 
 THE RESOLUTION OF A GODLY RULER 
 
 Theme: A kindly proclamation against vice and immorality. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. Perhaps written when David was about to become king. 
 
 I. PURPOSE OF PRIVATE LIFE. Ver. 1-4. “ Within my house” (ver. 2). 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1. “J will sing of mercy.’ This psalm opens with the 
 statement of an earnest purpose to give a righteous administra- 
 tion as the representative of God to his people. There is little of 
 
 praise in the composition, yet it begins with worship. 
 
 2. Piety. Ver. 2. “When wilt thou come to me?” As God’s Vicegerent 
 he would know the divine presence and walk uprightly before him, 
 and all the people. Here is a mirror for magistrates which would 
 give evil-doers no opportunity for power. 
 
 3. Practise. Ver. 3. “J will set no wicked thing before mine eyes.’ He 
 is determined in his private life to keep clean and worthy of the 
 Great King, for whom he is only a representative. 
 
 4. Precaution. Ver. 4. “JI will not know a wicked person.’ He will be 
 gracious to all good men, but he is determined that his court shall 
 not harbor godless retainers. In his personal friendships he will shun 
 evil-doers. 
 
 II. POLICY OF PUBLIC LIFE. Ver. 5-8. “ The city of the Lord” (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Prevention. Ver. 5. “J will cut off.’ With such noble resolves in the 
 
 background, the program for his court is here revealed. The 
 
 principles upon which his policy is to be based are clear. Know- 
 
 ing the subtle evils of an Eastern court, he proposes to nip all 
 slander-mongers in the bud. 
 
 2. Penetration. Ver. 6. “Mine eyes shall be upon.’ The good man will 
 not be overlooked. Those who have been faithful to God offer 
 guaranty of faithfulness to their earthly monarch and on these will 
 he rely for fellowship and service. 
 
 3. Prohibition. Ver. 7. “Shall not dwell... tarry”’ He will bar from 
 his palace all who speak and act lies, and they need count on no 
 quarter from him. 
 
 4. Provision. Ver. 8. “Cut off all wicked doers.’ Finally the city shall be 
 swept clean of evil. How far David came short! How far do we 
 come short! Yet this is God’s vision and the standard must never be 
 lowered. 
 
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PSALM CII 
 A PATRIOT’S LAMENT OVER NATIONAL DESOLATION 
 
 Theme: A time of national disaster and distress when faith drives the soul — 
 to communion with God. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Some period of affliction. 
 
 I. COMPLAINT. Mourning. Ver. 1-11. “My heart is smitten” (ver. 4). 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 1. “ Hear my prayer ... answer” (ver. 1). The Psalmist 
 identifies himself with God’s people and in deep earnestness offers 
 
 his petition with expectation of speedy answer. 
 
 2. Piaint. Ver. 3-5. “ My days are consumed like smoke” (ver. 3). It may 
 be that Zion was in ruins, and sorrow over conditions prevailing led 
 him to God with his trouble, his plaint, and his plea. 
 
 3. Predicament. Ver. 6,7. “J am like a pelican in the wilderness” (ver. 6). 
 Fit illustrations of his somber loneliness. Full of lament was he over 
 conditions which almost overwhelmed him. 
 
 4. Persecution. Ver. 8-11. “Mad against me ... sword” (ver. 8). 
 His cup of sorrow is made full by the treatment of the enemy who 
 uses his distresses to persecute. His lot is as “ashes for mourning,” 
 and it is a dark background. 
 
 II. CONSOLATION. Mercy. Ver. 12-28. “Thou shalt have mercy on 
 Zion (Verwl3 ). 
 
 1. Regard. Ver. 12-15. “ The time to favor her (Zion) is come” (ver. 13). 
 The outlook of the Psalmist is full of faith notwithstanding his com- 
 plaint. He is conscious that God will finally manifest loving-kindness 
 and mercy and the time for it is near at hand. 
 
 2. Restoration. Ver. 16-18. “When the Lord shall build up Zion” 
 (ver. 16). Zion cannot die while God is on the Throne. He will 
 intervene and rebuild so that all men may again repair thither for 
 worship, and witness to the nations his power. 
 
 3. Recovery. Ver. 19-24. “To loose those that are appoimted to death” 
 (ver. 20). God looks down from heaven and beholds the misery of 
 his people and will speedily rescue them. He ever works for man’s 
 highest good and his name shall be praised throughout all the world. 
 So exhausted was the Psalmist with sorrow that he feared it would 
 overwhelm him in death. 
 
 4. Reassurance. Ver. 25-28. “They shall perish, but thou shalt endure” 
 (ver. 26). But now consolation has come and he is reassured of 
 God’s gracious goodness. He takes a long look forward and voices 
 a Messianic hope for future generations. | 
 
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PSALM CIII 
 A PSALM OF THANKFUL PRAISE 
 
 Theme: The compassion and loving-kindness of our God. 
 
 Occasion: Doubtless after some gracious manifestation of divine mercy. 
 
 I. GOD REDEEMING. Ver. 1-5. “ Redeemeth thy life” (ver. 4). Every 
 faculty of our being is redeemed and renewed by God’s wondrous 
 grace. 
 
 1. Security. Ver. 1, 2. A sense of gratitude begets spoken thanks. 
 2. Salvation. Ver. 3, 4. The smallest sin unforgiven breaks fellowship. 
 3. Satisfaction. Ver. 5. To be satisfied is better than to be satiated. 
 
 II. GOD REIGNING. Ver. 6-10. “ Executeth righteous acts” (ver. 6, R. V.). 
 God is always on the Throne and knows the right and the wrong, 
 so that he can be absolutely just. 
 
 1. Ruling. Ver. 6. Man is sure of justice when God deals with his case. 
 
 2. Revealing. Ver. 7. He has not left us without knowledge of himself. 
 
 3. Reserving. Ver. 8-10. Because God is God, his government is best 
 for us. 
 
 III. GOD RECOVERING. Ver. 11-14. “ Removed our transgressions” (ver. 
 12). God’s recovering grace is as deep as man’s deepest need. 
 1. Merciful. Ver. 11. Forgiven sins show mercy that cannot be measured. 
 2. Mediating. Ver. 12, 13. Our sins are put away from sight forever. 
 3. Mindful. Ver. 14. God thinketh on us and seeth us from afar. 
 
 IV. GOD RECOMPENSING. Ver. 15-18. “ To such as keep his covenant” 
 (ver. 18). We reap as we sow and we reap what we sow. Right or 
 wrong it comes back on our heads: God’s recompense is in mercy. 
 
 1. Contrast. Ver. 15, 16. Man is transitory as to his body life. 
 2. Continuance. Ver. 17. God is eternal and his mercy is forever. 
 3. Condition. Ver. 18. We must be wholly surrendered to be blessed. 
 
 V. GOD RULING. Ver. 19-22. “ His kingdom ruleth over all” (ver. 19). 
 God rules the universe, and angels as well as men all come under his 
 sway. 
 
 1. Permanent. Ver. 19. Such an eternal reign as this fills one with awe. 
 
 2. Praiseful. Ver. 20, 21. Nevertheless it also fills us with praise. 
 
 3. Personal, Ver. 22. I must not call on others to do what I ought to do 
 for myself. Self-converse is to be cultivated, and will lead to 
 gratitude and worship. 
 
 Page 114 
 
PSALM CIV 
 THE PSALM OF CREATION 
 
 Theme: Interpretation of the works of God in wisdom, power, and goodness. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. Founded on the Story of Creation. Gen. 1. 
 
 I. ASCRIPTION. Ver. 1. 
 
 LE 
 
 ITI. 
 
 1. Gladness. Ver. la. “ Bless the Lord.” The soul that is forgiven knows 
 the joy of God’s grace. This is no mere liturgical note. 
 
 2. Greatness. Ver. lb. “ Thou art very great.’ As the Psalmist scans God’s 
 creative work, he is conscious of the presence of the Infinite. 
 
 3. Glory. Ver. lc. “ Thou art clothed.” Nature shows Jehovah’s splendor. 
 
 THE CREATIVE WORK OF GOD. Ver. 2-30. 
 
 First Day. Ver. 2-5. Light. Gen. 1 : 3-5. To poetic imagination, light 
 becomes God’s royal robe. How inconceivably great must be his 
 glory. He is “Light unapproachable.” Light must be the primal 
 gift, essential to life and growth. God is seen in his chariot, sending 
 forth his messengers of wind and fire. 
 
 Second Day. Ver. 6-9. Separation of Earth and Waters. Gen. 1 : 6-8. 
 The Creator’s control over the waters sets their boundaries. All 
 these elements are spoken of as though they were intelligent agents. 
 Only a narrow strip of sand seems to hold back the mighty deep, 
 but it is in God’s hand and subject to his command. 
 
 Third Day. Ver. 10-18. The Land and Herbs. Gen. 1 : 9-13. The gift of 
 water is his who creates and cares for all, from matter to man. 
 Food, too, on land, in sea, and in air, is provided. The fruitfulness of 
 the earth is in his keeping. With toil and labor is it now brought 
 forth according to the curse. But when the curse of sin is removed 
 the earth shall yield its increase as in the primal day of creation. 
 
 Fourth Day. Ver. 19-23. Seasons. Gen. 1 : 14-19. The sun and moon 
 were for light-bearers, but they were given also to measure time and 
 control such changes as are good for man and beast. Thus the times 
 could be fixed for worship, labor, recreation, and rest. 
 
 Fifth Day. Ver. 24-30. Animal Life. Gen. 1 : 20-23. When the Psalmist 
 would enumerate the manifold works of God he is overwhelmed with 
 admiration. The sea and earth and air, teeming with life, challenge 
 imagination, the created things beggar description. 
 
 BENEDICTION. Ver. 31-35. 
 
 1. Glory. Ver. 31. “ Let the glory of the Lord endure.” Back to praise. 
 
 2. Greatness. Ver. 32. “Who looketh . .. toucheth.’ No discord but 
 praise is here. Awe is the basis of worship. 
 
 3. Gladness. Ver. 33-35. “TJ will rejoice.’ Closes with a hallelujah. 
 
 Page 115 
 
PSALM CV 
 THE WORKS AND WORSHIP OF GOD 
 
 Theme: A summons to thanksgiving by remembrance of past mercies. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Cf. 1 Chron. 16: 8-22. 
 
 I. CALL. Ver. 1-7. “Seek ye the Lord’ (ver. 4). 
 1. Worship. Ver. 1-4. “ Sing praises unto him” (ver. 2). In view of divine 
 goodness, the soul is summoned to praise the Lord. 
 2. Works. Ver. 5-7.“ Remember his marvelous works” (ver. 5). This 
 was the message of Israel to the world, God’s delivering power and 
 sustaining grace. 
 
 II. COVENANT. Ver. 8-15. “ He hath remembered his covenant” (ver. 8). 
 1. Assurance. Ver. 8-11. “Unto thee will I give the land” (ver. 11). God 
 placed Israel under certain obligations by his promises. Failure on 
 their part would annul the covenant. 
 2. Accomplishment. Ver. 12-15. “Very few .. . and strangers in it” 
 (ver. 12). Jehovah kept his part of the covenant and Israel was 
 brought finally into strength of position in Canaan. 
 
 III. CARE. Ver. 16-23. “ He brake the whole staff of bread” (ver. 16). 
 1. Preparation. Ver. 16-19. “ He sent a man before them” (Joseph) (ver. 
 17). God’s providences are recognized in all the history of his people. 
 He guided them into Egypt by the man he had prepared. 
 2. Preservation. Ver. 20-23. “ Israel came into Egypt” (ver. 23). God was 
 preserving and preparing the nation through endurance and training. 
 
 IV. CALAMITY. Ver. 24-36. “ Hate his people ... deal subtilly” (ver. 25). 
 1. Preparation. Ver. 24-27. “He sent Moses his servant” (ver. 26). The 
 next step was to bring the people out of Egypt, and this God did 
 through Moses who acted for God in Pharaoh’s court but in spite of 
 
 sign and warning was unable to move him. 
 
 2. Plagues. Ver. 28-36. “ He sent” (ver. 28ff.). Then God intervened, and 
 the story of the plagues of Egypt is condensed into a few short 
 sentences, not in the order given in Exodus, but tracing from matter to 
 man. .With the tenth plague is heard the sound of hurrying feet. 
 
 V. COMFORT. Ver. 37-45. “Satisfied them with the bread of heaven” 
 (ver. 40). 
 
 1. Emancipation. Ver. 37-42. “ He brought them forth” (ver. 37). This is 
 the Old Testament standard of God’s power. His care in the wilder- 
 ness journey is noted and his providence acknowledged. 
 
 2. Establishment. Ver. 43-45. “Gave them the lands of the heathen” 
 (ver. 44). Their entrance was a testimony to God’s grace. 
 
 Page 116 
 
PSALM CVI 
 HUMAN SIN AND DIVINE COMPASSION 
 
 Theme: Israel’s persistence in sin and the wondrous patience of God. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. Probably post-exilic. Cf. ver. 5, 46, 47. 
 
 I, CONTEMPLATION. Ver. 1-5. “ The mighty acts of the Lord’ (ver. 2). 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1-3. “ Praise ye the Lord” (ver. 1). “Where sin abounded 
 grace did much more abound.’ The Psalmist’s first note, therefore, 
 is of worship and praise. 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 4, 5. “Remember me, O Lord” (ver. 4). The prayer 
 seems personal, and the Psalmist would share in the deliverance. 
 
 II. CONFESSION. Ver. 6-45. “We have sinned with our fathers” (ver. 6). 
 1, Patience. Ver. 6-12. “Nevertheless he saved them” (ver. 8). The 
 manifold sins of God’s people make a somber background for his 
 wondrous patience which shines like a bright light in a dark place. 
 First were murmurings at the Red Sea. 
 
 . Punishment. Ver. 13-23. “The flame burned up the wicked” (ver. 18). 
 Then came lusting for food in the wilderness, and later the envy 
 exhibited against Moses and Aaron for which swift punishment was 
 meted out. After that the worship of the Golden Calf and its dire 
 results. 
 
 3. Perversity. Ver. 24-27. “They despised ... believed not” (ver. 24). 
 
 The people continued to murmur and refused to go up into the land 
 which they “ despised.’ (Num. 14: 31.) 
 
 4. Provocation. Ver. 28-33. “They provoked him to anger” (ver. 29). 
 Their idolatry was the climax to a succession of abominations which 
 provoked to action the retribution inflicted at God’s command. The 
 rebellion at Meribah is noted in other order. 
 
 5. Pollution. Ver. 34-39. “The land was polluted with blood” (ver. 38). 
 Instead of destroying the nations as directed they mingled with them 
 in sin, idolatry, and intermarriage and offered human sacrifice. 
 
 6. Persistence. Ver. 40-43. “ Many times did he deliver them” (ver. 43). 
 The history is epitomized in sin, punishment, and forgiveness. 
 
 7. Pity. Ver. 44, 45. “When he heard their cry” (ver. 44). Finally God 
 abandoned the people to their own devices, and to the punishment 
 that became inevitable. Even then he had pity. 
 
 III. CAPTIVITY. Ver. 46-48. “ Those that carried them captive” (ver. 46). 
 
 1. Punishment. Ver. 46. “ He made them to be pitied.” This doleful story 
 
 shows God’s compassion throughout all their sin. , 
 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 47, 48. “Save us, O Lord” (ver. 48). The prayer claims 
 mercy and offers thanksgiving. 
 
 tO 
 
 Page 117 
 
DOXOLOGY 
 PSALM 106: 48 
 
 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting; and let 
 all the people say, Amen. Praise ye the Lord. 
 
BOOK FIVE 
 
 PSALMS ONE HUNDRED AND SEVEN TO ONE 
 HUNDRED AND FIFTY 
 
 GOD OUR REDEEMER 
 “He hath redeemed us.”—Ps. 136: 24. 
 

 
PSALM CVII 
 A SONG OF THE REDEEMED 
 
 Theme: God’s gracious providences. “ All things work together.” 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 Dedication. Ver. 1-3. “The Redeemed of the Lord” (ver. 2). The ma- 
 
 be 
 
 Bk. 
 
 terial and temporal is but the type of the eternal and spiritual. 
 
 GOD’S PROVIDENCE IN DELIVERANCE. Ver. 4-32. 
 
 1. Distressed Travelers. Ver. 4-9. “ Wandered in the wilderness” (ver. 4). 
 
 (1) Condition. Ver. 4, 5. The picture of a caravan lost in the desert with 
 the weary travelers bewildered and in peril of their lives. 
 
 (2) Cali. Ver. 6. Driven to God as the only Guide, he gives himself to 
 them and goes at the head of the march. 
 
 (3) Consolation. Ver. 7-9. The benediction of God’s leading which satisfies. 
 
 2. Distressed Captives. Ver. 10-16. “ Bound in affliction and iron” (ver. 
 10). 
 
 (1) Condition. Ver. 10-12. They are like prisoners in bondage and in hideous 
 dungeons, brought on by their own rebellion and folly. 
 
 (2) Call. Ver. 13. A cry to God, and he breaks the fetters. 
 
 (3) Consolation. Ver. 14-16. No liberty save in the “ Light of life.” 
 
 3. Distressed Sick. Ver. 17-22. “Draw near unto ... death” (ver. 18). 
 
 (1) Condition. Ver. 17, 18. Suffering because of their sin, moral perversity 
 leads to ebbing of strength. 
 
 (2) Call. Ver. 19. A plea to God who saves them out of sickness. 
 
 (3) Consolation. Ver. 20-22. God utters his will and delivers. The insanity 
 of sinning is made evident. 
 
 4. Distressed Seamen. Ver. 23-32. “Their soul is melted” (ver. 26). 
 
 (1) Condition. Ver. 23-27. The terror of a foundering ship in a storm. 
 
 (2) Call. Ver. 28. Their cry to God who hears above the shriek of the 
 storm and comes to rescue. 
 
 (3) Consolation. Ver. 29-32. The benediction of glad hearts as they are 
 reaching the harbor. 
 
 GOD’S PROVIDENCE IN DIRECTION. Ver. 33-42. “He turneth” 
 (ver. 33). 
 
 1. Changes on the Land. Ver. 33-38. “A fruitful land into barrenness” 
 (ver. 34). Barrenness instead of fertility because of his wise prov- 
 idence and government in the affairs of men. 
 
 2. Changes on the People. Ver. 39-42. “ Setteth he the poor” (ver. 41). 
 Oppressors shall be judged and the righteous restored. 
 
 Benediction. Ver. 43. “They shall understand.” A call to wisdom. Give 
 God time, trust him. 
 
 Page 121 
 
PSALM CVIII 
 A NATIONAL HYMN OF CONFIDENCE 
 
 Theme: Adoration for rescue and prayer for future deliverances. 
 
 Occasion: Not stated. Perhaps same as Psalms 57 and 60. 
 
 I. PRAISE FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 1-5 (Ps. 57: 7-11). “J will 
 sing and... praise” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Established. Ver. 1-2. “ My heart is fixed” (ver. 1). 
 
 (1) Security. Ver. 1. “ Fixed.” It may be the Psalmist gives thanks for 
 deliverances yet to be (or past rescue) but he would now declare 
 that no power can overturn him. 
 
 (2) Song. Ver. 2. “ Psaltery and harp.” Not only with voice, but with 
 instruments would he sing, from early morning, of God’s protecting 
 care. 
 
 2. Exultant. Ver. 3-5. “J will praise thee, O God” (ver. 3). 
 
 (1) Grace. Ver. 3, 4. “Thy mercy is great” (ver. 4). Such praise will 
 exalt God among the heathen. These psalms are now sung in every 
 land. 
 
 (2) Glory. Ver. 5. “Thy glory above all the earth.’ Choirs of angels are 
 to swell the song and God’s glory shall know no bounds. 
 
 II. PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 6-13 (Ps. 60: 5-12). “Save... 
 answer” (ver. 6). 
 
 1. Petition. Ver. 6-8. “Save with thy right hand” (ver. 6). 
 
 (1) Summons. Ver. 6. “ Save.” Turning now to prayer, the Psalmist looks 
 for future deliverances and appeals to God’s omnipotent strength. 
 
 (2) Sovereignty. Ver. 7, 8. “Gilead . . . Manasseh is mine” (ver. 8). 
 Victory was now assured and certain, for the land had been secured 
 to the tribes by promise to Abraham, and therefore belonged to 
 Israel. It was to be meted out to those to whom God would 
 grant it. Thus Israel, rallying under God’s leadership, was com- 
 pact together. 
 
 2. Plea. Ver. 9-13. “Give... help” (ver. 12). 
 
 (1) Subjugation. Ver. 9-11. “Who will bring ... lead me” (ver. 10). 
 Even Edom was to be under tribute and was to be at Israel’s 
 feet. She had not yet been subdued, but the purpose was to push 
 conquest to that stronghold, Petra, which seemed to be so impregnable 
 and bring under subjection all opposing people. 
 
 (2) Supplication. Ver. 12, 13. “Give us help from trouble.’ The hope 
 to overcome and conquer is in God. Israel was defeated without him. 
 From him alone all power proceeds. 
 
 Page 122 
 
PSALM CIX 
 A PROPHECY OF RETRIBUTION AND DOOM 
 
 Theme: Imprecations, not in vindictive revenge, but in prophecy of doom. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. PLEA FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 1-5. “ Hold not thy peace” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Ill Will. Ver. 1-3. “ Compassed me about’ (ver. 3). The Psalmist is in 
 
 utter dejection. God is to him even at such a time the subject of 
 
 praise. The foes have come upon him with open mouths, and 
 overwhelm him in misery. 
 
 2. Ingratitude. Ver. 4, 5. “ Reward me evil for good” (ver. 5). He feels 
 the pain and bitterness of love unreturned, but rather flung back on 
 him so that his soul is wounded. His patience with the enemy 
 availed nothing, for there was no fear of God in his eyes. 
 
 II. PROPHECY OF DOOM. Ver. 6-20. “ Let this be the reward” (ver. 20). 
 1. Recompense. Ver. 6-15. “Let him be condemned” (ver. 7). These 
 maledictions were no doubt deserved. That they were not personal 
 is evident throughout. No explanation of such terrible imprecations 
 may suffice, but we are safe to feel they are prophecies of God’s 
 dealings foretold. These petitions imply that the enemy was unre- 
 pentant. 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 16-20. “He remembered not” (ver. 16). The self- 
 retributive action of sin is recognized; “as he meted out to others.” 
 Jesus set a new standard. “ Ye have heard that it hath been said, 
 An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth... hate thine enemy... 
 bates oANSUNLOVYOUSLOYV HE YOUR ENEMY: 
 
 III. PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 21-31. “Do thou for me, O God” 
 (ver, 21). : 
 
 1. Complaint. Ver. 21-25. “ My heart is wounded” (ver. 22). This sad 
 and pathetic plaint reveals the Psalmist’s utter dejection, and the 
 extremity of his case. He urges not merits but poverty and necessity. 
 He calls attention to his broken heart, his weakness and his help- 
 lessness. 
 
 2. Confidence. Ver. 26-31. “ He shall stand at the right hand” (ver. 31). 
 In confidence of faith he implores aid, and closes with the assurance 
 that he is heard and will be answered. God will not be absent when his 
 people need him, but will be by their side as a true Advocate and 
 Comforter. 
 
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PSALM CX 
 CONQUEST OF THE PRIEST-KING 
 
 Theme: Clearly Messianic and foretelling the coming and conquest of earth’s 
 true King; Cf, Matt. 22°43; Acts .2)2/54, etc, 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. THE COMING OF THE MESSIAH. Ver. 1-3. “ The Lord shall send” 
 (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Appointment. Ver. 1, 2. “Sit thou at my right hand” (ver. 1). Here 
 is a vision of the coming king, exalted to sit at God’s right hand and 
 participate in his authority and power. We see this prophecy ful- 
 filled in Jesus. 
 
 2. Assurance. Ver. 3. “ Thy people shall be willing.’ The subjects of this 
 king are willing followers and not conscripted slaves. They are to 
 be a cleansed people, and they shall remain young in the service. 
 
 II. THE CHARACTER OF THE MESSIAH. Ver. 4. “ Thou art a priest.” 
 
 1. Pledge. Ver. 4a. “The Lord hath sworn.’ There is no greater than 
 
 the oath of God, and of that he will not repent since he is unchanging. 
 
 2. Priesthood. Ver. 4b. “A priest forever after ... Melchigedek.” The 
 
 royalty of this priesthood and its eternal duration make it referable 
 
 only to Jesus. It is doubtful if this language could have a primary 
 application. 
 
 III. THE CONQUEST OF THE MESSIAH. Ver. 5-7. “ The Lord at thy 
 right hand” (ver. 5). : 
 
 1. Conflict. Ver. 5, 6. “Shall strike through kings” (ver. 5). Here we 
 are on the battle-field, and this is the revelation of victories to come. 
 The might of the king and his army having been described, and his 
 priestly character portrayed, the conflict and the victory are now 
 contemplated. Everlasting dominion and eternal power and triumph 
 characterize this conquest. 
 
 2. Conquest. Ver. 7. “ Drink of the brook in the way.” The picture seems 
 to be that of a victorious leader stooping only to refresh himself as he 
 pushes on to victory. Or is it a picture of Christ drinking of the 
 “waters of affliction” on his way to exaltation? In any case it is the 
 harbinger of victory. Nor will that victory be long delayed. Swiftly 
 shall it come, and the longsuffering people of God will take courage, 
 for their “redemption draweth nigh.” 
 
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PSALM CXI 
 THE CREATOR’S PRAISE 
 
 Theme: The works of God in Creation, Providence, and Grace. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. SUMMONS TO PRAISE. Ver. 1. “ Praise ye the Lord” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Exhortation. Ver. la. “ Praise.’ The Psalmist first calls on men to render 
 thanksgiving. If this is merely an ejaculation, “ Hallelujah,’ then 
 the vow to praise commences the psalm. But in view of the whole 
 psalm, is it not an invitation to praise? 
 
 2. Example. Ver. lb. “J will praise.’ He would do that which he exhorts 
 others to do. His whole heart is in this worship, and he will per- 
 form his vow publicly and without shame. 
 
 II. SUBJECTS OF PRAISE. Ver. 2-9. “ The works of the Lord” (ver. 2). 
 The Works of God Are 
 
 1. Great. Ver. 2. “Are great.” The magnitude of God’s creation is the 
 first impression as we view it in the large. How far-reaching and 
 how mighty is the sweep of his power! 
 
 2. Glorious. Ver. 3-6. “ Honorable and glorious” (ver. 3). The majesty 
 of God holds our admiration and incites PES Our God is King 
 and is glorious in his splendor. 
 
 3. Genuine. Ver. 7, 8. “Verity and judgment” (ver. 7). Greatness and 
 glory, apart from righteousness, would rob us of praise. Our 
 God is golden because he is holy, and all his works are therefore 
 true. 
 
 4. Gracious. Ver. 9. “ Redemption unto his people.’ Best of all he is a God 
 of grace, and this is an added attribute which offers salvation to 
 the lost and redemption to the sinful. 
 
 III. SOURCE OF PRAISE. Ver. 10. “ The fear of the Lord.” 
 
 1. Reverence. Ver. 10a. “ Fear of the Lord.’ No worshiper can truly praise 
 who does not bow in that adoring awe and reverence which leads 
 to implicit obedience. 
 
 2. Recompense. Ver. 10b. “A good understanding.” No man thus fearing 
 God and obeying his commandments ever worshiped him in vain. 
 Such obedience brings peace and clarifies the judgment as it chastens 
 the will, so that praise issues from the lips and is found in the 
 heart, praise that will endure forever. 
 
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PSALM CXII 
 THE GLORY AND REWARD OF RIGHTEOUSNESS 
 
 Theme: The character and fidelity of the righteous. Cf. Ps. 111. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 
 I. BLESSING OF THE GODLY. Ver. 1-9. “ Blessed is the man that feareth 
 the Lord” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Benefits. Ver. 1-3. The basis of true righteousness is reverence and 
 obedience. This condition of heart brings certain blessings. 
 
 (1) Posterity. Ver. 1, 2. “ His seed shall be mighty” (ver. 2). Not mere 
 natural descendants, but his moral influence on succeeding generations 
 shall be such as to leave a host following in his virtues. This’ is the 
 true posterity of the godly. They exercise a far greater power than 
 they know. 
 
 (2) Possessions. Ver. 3. “Wealth and riches shall be in his house.” Many 
 of God’s choicest saints are poor, but integrity of heart is true riches. 
 Even here it is true, “ Godliness hath the promise of the life that 
 now is.’ But surely a contented heart is abundant and true riches. 
 
 2. Benediction. Ver. 4-9. There is also a blessing that crowns the righteous 
 man, and overflows to others. 
 
 (1) Gracious. Ver. 4, 5. “Gracious and full of compassion” (ver. 4). 
 The good man learns from Jehovah how to be gracious. (Cf. Ps. 
 111: 4.) It is his joy to show kindness and sympathy with those 
 qualities that make men blessed. 
 
 (2) Grounded. Ver. 6-9. “His heart is established”-'(ver. 8). The 
 righteous are so firmly established that they cannot be overturned. 
 Unmoved by disappointments or discouragement, their hearts are 
 fixed and they can look upon disasters with calm security. 
 
 3) 
 
 II. BEREAVEMENT OF THE GODLESS. Ver. 10. “ The wicked shall see 
 it and be grieved.’ In this brief glimpse of the wicked, we see his 
 doom and destination, and this is true bereavement indeed. 
 
 1. Disappointment. Ver. 10a. “Shall gnash with his teeth.’ Envy seizes 
 upon him as he faces only panic of soul and is compelled to see his 
 own failure. 
 
 2. Destruction. Ver. 10b. “ Shall perish.” When his desire perishes, he is 
 destroyed, and his disappointed hopes gnaw at his soul as his wicked- 
 ness becomes his own defeat. 
 
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PSALM CXIII | 
 THE CALL AND CAUSE FOR PRAISE 
 
 Theme: The goodness and mercy of God to all men, especially to Israel. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. THE CALL FOR PRAISE. Ver. 1-3. 
 
 1. Thanksgiving. Ver. la. “Praise ye the Lord.’ Praise is the primary 
 element in true worship. We adore God for what he is and for what 
 he has done. 
 
 2. Testimony. Ver. lb. “O ye servants, praise.’ Those who are bound to 
 God by sacred ties should offer praise as witness to his goodness. His 
 service is freedom, his praise a delight. 
 
 3. Theme. Ver. 2. “The name of the Lord.’ The name of God is his 
 nature. His name is “ above every name,’ and to the people of Israel 
 
 2 his name was entrusted that they might bear witness for him. 
 
 4. Territory. Ver. 3a. “From the rising ... going down.’ Not merely 
 from morn till eve, but from East to West, and North to South. 
 Wherever the sun shines, that is Israel’s field. 
 
 5. Tidings. Ver. 3b. “The Lord’s name.” The name of God is to be 
 proclaimed as good news to a benighted earth. 
 
 II. THE CAUSE FOR PRAISE. Ver. 4-9. 
 GOD IS: 
 
 1. Infinite. Ver. 4. “ The Lord is high above all’’ The infinite exaltation 
 of God is one reason for praise. None can put him too high, for the 
 heavens cannot contain him, he overtops the farthest planet, the 
 highest heaven is beneath him. 
 
 2. Incomparable. Ver. 5. “Who is like unto the Lord?” So great is he 
 that only holy love and adoration can grasp him. The Lord God of 
 Israel stands without parallel. 
 
 3. Intelligent. Ver. 6. “To behold the things.’ God enters into rela- 
 tions with his people that he may have first-hand knowledge of their 
 most intimate needs. 
 
 4, Irresistible. Ver. 7, 8. “ Raiseth up the poor” (ver. 7). The love of 
 God stoops to the lowly and dejected and raises them to glory and 
 power. 
 
 5. Intervening. Ver. 9. “Mother of children.’ When wnfruitfulness 
 blights the home and blasts the hopes, God interposes and bestows 
 in grace that hearts may be blessed. This seemed to be the utmost that 
 love could do, and the singer rests there on this exultant note. 
 
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PSALM CXIV 
 THE SONG OF THE EXODUS 
 
 Theme: God leading his people out of Egypt into Canaan. 
 
 Occasion: Not stated. 
 
 I. THE OUTGOING. Ver. 1, 2. “Went out from Egypt” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Deliverance. Ver. 1. “When Israel went out.’ The Old Testament 
 standard of God’s power was the Exodus. That deliverance from 
 oppression and bondage was ever a theme of praise. 
 
 2. Dominion. Ver. 2. “ Israel, his dominion.’ Judah was the tribe at the 
 head of the procession, and all the people became a “ kingdom of 
 priests,’ hence Jehovah’s dominion, a theocracy set up for his glory. 
 
 II. THE OBSTACLES. Ver. 3, 4. “The sea... the Jordan” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Miracle. {Vers 3.0 © Bled es drivenu back <a ULhe obstacles aba 
 beginning and at the end of the march were the Red Sea and the 
 Jordan. It required supernatural power to carry the people over 
 these barriers, and God wrought miracles for Israel in both instances. 
 
 2. Movement. Ver. 4. “ Skipped.’ When Israel came to Sinai, that mighty 
 mountain shook in agitation and commotion as though panic had 
 seized it. Exod. 19: 16-18. All nature moves at his voice, all 
 obstacles are removed at his command. 
 
 III. THE OVERCOMING. Ver. 5, 6. “What aileth thee?” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Might. Ver. 5. “ That thou fleddest .. . driven back?” What caused 
 these reversions of sea and river, these convulsions’of nature? The 
 answer is involved in the query. The influences working on these and 
 overcoming them were the might and majesty of God. His power 
 was seen at the Red Sea and at the Jordan. 
 
 2. Majesty. Ver. 6. “Skipped like rams.’ The majesty of God was dis- 
 played at Sinai in conduct that seemed passing strange. 
 
 IV. THE OMNIPOTENCE. Ver. 7,8. “ Tremble, thou earth” (ver. 7). 
 1. Presence. Ver. 7. “ At the presence of the Lord.’ The psalm bids the 
 worshiper bow in that presence and acknowledge him as Lord. 
 2. Power. Ver. 8. “ Turned the rock.’ His plastic power over nature is 
 extolled. He supplies water for those who thirst, and courage for 
 hearts that droop. 
 
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PSALM CXV 
 THE VINDICATION OF GOD’S NAME 
 
 Theme: The Name and Providence of God his glory. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. Impending disaster and perhaps post-exilic. 
 
 DGENUREADY: Verse l 2: 
 
 1. Confession. Ver. 1. “Unto thy name be the glory.” Consciousness of 
 sin and unworthiness blends with conviction of God’s righteousness 
 and confidence in his providence. 
 
 2. Concern. Ver. 2. “Wherefore should the heathen say?’ Loyalty to 
 God brings wounds when bitter tongues malign his goodness. Concern 
 for his honor prompts the urging of vindication. 
 
 II. EXPOSURE. Ver. 3-8. 
 
 1. Idolatry. Ver. 3, 4. “ Their idols are silver and gold.’ The Psalmist’s 
 answer is to uncover the sin of idolatry and the arrogance of those 
 who worship idols. 
 
 2. Impotence. Ver. 5-8. “Speak not... see not’’ The impotence of the 
 idol is in contrast with the omnipotence of God. As is their god, 
 so become the worshipers. 
 
 III. EXHORTATION. Ver. 9-15. 
 
 1. Summons. Ver. 9-11. “Trust thou in the Lord.’ The Psalmist calls 
 for worship of the only true and living God, and exhorts the 
 people to faith in him. 
 
 2. Solace. Ver. 12-15. “ He will bless”’ God remembers his people where- 
 ever they are, and the promise of blessing is for all who will put their 
 trust in him. 
 
 IV. EXPLANATION. Ver. 16-18. 
 
 1. Relationship. Ver. 16. “The heavens are the Lord’s’’ God reigns 
 above in all his greatness and glory, the heavens are his dwelling-place, 
 the earth his footstool. During ‘this dispensation, the earth is left 
 largely to man for his use and development, but God is still Lord 
 over all. Man must some day give an account of his tenure. 
 
 2. Reminder. Ver. 17, 18. “The dead praise not” (ver. 17). Our wit- 
 ness for God will be silent when death overtakes us. It behooves us 
 therefore to witness for him while we are able so to do, and to praise 
 him as the opportunity is afforded us. Such praise will be constant 
 and unending, our duty, but also our delight. 
 
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PSALM CXVI 
 THANKSGIVING FOR DELIVERANCE 
 
 Theme: The purpose to praise and serve God because of preservation. 
 
 Occasion: A time of sickness and affliction threatening life. 
 
 I. PERIL. Ver. 1-4. “J found trouble and sorrow” (ver. 3). 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1,2. “ Because he hath heard” (ver.1). This is individual 
 gratitude for personal deliverances. 
 
 2. Perplexity. Ver. 3. “Trouble and sorrow.’ Whatever the affliction, it 
 was as confining and as gloomy as the grave. 
 
 3. Prayer. Ver. 4. “Then called I upon the name.’ The wail of the 
 sorrowful brings answer from on high. No cry that becomes a prayer 
 is in vain. 
 
 II. PRESERVATION. Ver. 5-9. “ The Lord preserveth” (ver. 6). 
 
 1, Plenitude. Ver. 5. “ Gracious is the Lord.” God’s grace is plentiful for 
 every need, and his righteousness assures just treatment and merciful 
 care, : 
 
 2. Protection. Ver. 6-8. “He helped me” (ver. 6). Those who need 
 God’s protection most will find him unfailing. 7 
 
 3. Pledge. Ver. 9. “I will walk before the Lord.’ Grateful hearts can do 
 no less than promise full allegiance and loyalty. 
 
 III. PRAISE. Ver. 10-14. “ What shall I render?” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Affliction. Ver. 10, 11. “J was greatly afflicted” (ver. 10). The 
 Psalmist goes back to his need, and is confident that his faith is not 
 in vain. 
 
 2. Appropriation. Ver. 12, 13. “J will take.’ Sometimes the best way to 
 render praise is not to give but to take from God because it requires 
 more grace. 
 
 3. Accomplishment. Ver. 14. “J will pay’’ No truer thanksgiving can we 
 offer than the fulfilment of every pledge to God. 
 
 IV. PROMISE. Ver. 15-19. “J will offer unto thee” (ver. 17). 
 
 1. Rescue. Ver. 15. “Precious in the sight of the Lord.’ The death of 
 God’s saints is not of small account to him, hence the assurance of 
 rescue from peril and danger. 
 
 2. Redemption. Ver. 16. “ Thou hast loosed my bonds” (ver. 16). It is 
 the yearning of a redeemed soul that it may know a fuller manifes- 
 tation of God’s divine favor. 
 
 3. Return. Ver. 17-19. “Offer ... thanksgiving” (ver. 17). Thus the 
 soul will make the one return within its power, a contrite and a 
 thankful heart. 
 
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PSALM CXVII 
 SUMMONS TO UNIVERSAL PRAISE 
 
 Theme: The adoration of Jehovah for his loving-kindness toward men. 
 
 Occasion: Not, given. 
 
 I. CALL FOR PRAISE. Ver. 1. “Praise ye the Lord.’ This is almost the 
 central chapter of the Bible and it is the shortest. It is not a frag- 
 ment, however, but is complete. 
 
 1. Gentile People. Ver. la. “ All ye nations.’ The nations of the earth are 
 yet to be God’s people, and when the universal song of praise is 
 sung at last, “ All peoples and kindreds and tribes and nations” will 
 be in that chorus. The Old Testament prophets and poets were 
 therefore missionary in spirit. They believed in the world-wide dif- 
 fusion of the knowledge of Jehovah, and that all men were to share, 
 eventually, that which God had bestowed on Israel. 
 
 2. God’s People. Ver. 1b. “ All ye people’’ Wow much more, then, were 
 God’s chosen people peculiarly summoned to praise him! The very 
 fact that they had been special recipients of grace made their obliga- 
 tion the greater to witness to him. They were to be a light to the 
 dark places of the earth and were set for the manifestation of God’s 
 grace to all the peoples of the earth. 
 
 II. CAUSE FOR PRAISE. Ver. 2. “ For his lovingkindness.” 
 
 1. Plenitude. Ver. 2a. “ Kindness is great.’ God’s character was the 
 basis for this praise. His love was not only for Israel whom he had 
 chosen, but for all races of men. “ He made of one blood” all the 
 families of earth. The grace of God is full and free and plenteous 
 and extends throughout all the earth. It “ prevails” as waters prevail 
 that find their level and spread far and wide. “Where sin abounded, 
 grace did much more abound.” 
 
 2. Permanence. Ver. 2b. “ Endureth forever.’ The covenants of our God 
 are not for time but for eternity. His is not only a world-wide gift, 
 but an eternal bestowing upon those who put their trust in him. 
 “World without end” is the only language we can use to express it, 
 enduring both in this world which is temporary, and in that which 
 is to come which is eternal. 
 
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PSALM CXVIII 
 THE HEROISM OF FAITH 
 
 Theme: Adoration of God in face of severe trial of faith. 
 
 Occasion: Perhaps in Ezra’s times, but clearly Messianic. 
 
 I. EXTOLLING GOD. Ver. 1-4. “ He is good” (ver. 1). 
 It is not unlikely that the first part of this Psalm was used as 
 a processional, while pilgrims were approaching the sanctuary. 
 
 1. Grace. Ver. 1, 2. “ That his mercy” (ver. 2). A summons to praise God 
 for his grace which is abounding to usward. Israel, priests, wor- 
 shipers, all unite in the song. His mercy is the theme, his love 
 the incentive and the joy of this thanksgiving. 
 
 2. Goodness. Ver. 3, 4. “ Endureth forever” (ver. 3). The goodness of 
 God is witnessed in the duration of his mercy, for mercy is a part of 
 goodness, and its length constitutes another element to be praised. 
 Earthly joys pass away, but God’s goodness endures even when time 
 shall be no more. 
 
 II. EXALTING GOD. Ver. 5-18. “ The right hand of the Lord is exalted” 
 (ver 16). 
 
 1. Mercy. Ver. 5-13. “The Lord helped me” (ver. 13). The reason 
 for exalting God is because he is exalted on high. His dealings with 
 men proclaim him “ high and lifted up.’ It is mercy that sees our dis- 
 tresses and comes to our relief. Nothing that befell the Psalmist has 
 ever dragged God from the throne in his heart. 
 
 2. Might. Ver. 14-18. “ The Lord doeth valiantly” (ver. 16). God proves 
 to be a mighty foeman for an ally. They were many in number 
 that were against him, but God was mightier than them all. He will 
 bring them to nothing, and though we be left sore and wounded he 
 will revive us, overruling these experiences for chastening, but not 
 unto death. 
 
 III. ENTHRONING GOD. Ver. 19-29. “The head stone of the corner” 
 
 (vermer). 
 
 1. Celebration. Ver. 19-21. “J will go into... praise” (ver. 19). Perhaps 
 the foregoing was a processional and the Temple is now reached. 
 The song would be concluded within, where the worshipers will make 
 suitable offerings, and where they will celebrate God’s goodness in 
 songs of thanksgiving. | 
 
 2. Crowning. Ver. 22-29. “God is the Lord” (ver. 27). A priestly 
 chorus in response celebrates the presence of God in the rebuilt 
 Temple. The ultimate reference is to One whom we are glad to crown 
 ord. 07 ails. 
 
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PSALM CXIX 
 THE ALPHABET OF DIVINE REVELATION 
 
 Theme: The one topic of this wondrous composition is the Word of God. 
 The law of God is considered in its infinite vartty. 
 
 Occasion: The parts may have been written at sundry times. 
 
 1. Aleph. Ver. 1-8. The Blessed Life of Obedience. “That keep thy testi- 
 monies” (ver. 2). There is a blessedness that comes from keeping God’s 
 law, and making it the heart’s delight. 
 
 2. Beth. Ver. 9-16. Serious Advice to Youth. “Wherewithal shall a young 
 man” (ver. 9). We may be saved from temptations and corruption by 
 ordering our lives early according to God’s Word. 
 
 3. Gimel. Ver. 17-24. Support Under Reproach. “ Remove from me reproach 
 
 . and shame” (ver. 22). Reproaches due to faithfulness to the revealed will 
 of God may bring temporary sorrow, but God will lift out of the distress 
 and will honor in the end. 
 
 4, Daleth. Ver. 25-32. Comfort in Mourning. “ My soul weeps ... for grief” 
 (ver. 28). When we mourn over our unworthy state, God brings us 
 comfort through his Word. 
 
 5. He. Ver. 33-40. Progress Through Enlightenment. “ Make me under- 
 stand” (ver. 34). The heart would be led astray if it had no chart to 
 guide. God’s Book sets the feet in the right pathway, and lightens the 
 eyes to see the way. 
 
 6. Vav. Ver. 41-48. Public Witness to God’s Word. “Speak of thy testi- 
 monies before kings” (ver. 46). We may witness to the Book by living 
 the lives it demands. A godly life is always a telling testimony for the 
 truth of the Scriptures. 
 
 7. Zayin. Ver. 49-56. Comfort in Denese “This is my comfort in affliction ” 
 (ver. 50). The lover of God’s law finds solace despite affliction, and “ songs 
 in the night.” 
 
 8. Hheth. Ver. 57-64. The Portion of the Godly. “ My portion is Jehovah” 
 (ver. 57). Resolved on obedience, the soul finds a conscious possession of 
 God. The godly meditate in the night and give thanks. 
 
 9. Teth. Ver. 65-72. God’s Goodness and Blessing. “Good art thou and 
 doing good” (ver. 68). Even the things meant for evil turn out for 
 blessing under God’s guiding and overruling grace. 
 
 10. Yodh. Ver. 73-80. Submission to God’s Providence. “ Thy judgments are 
 in righteousness” (ver. 75). An understanding heart will view rightly 
 the events of life knowing that God orders all our ways. 
 
 11. Kaph. Ver. 81-88. Man’s Persecution and God’s Protection. “ They perse- 
 cute me” (ver. 86). God’s Word teaches the soul patience in trial and 
 
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 14. 
 
 15. 
 
 16. 
 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 
 iReb 
 
 20. 
 
 al 
 
 Ze. 
 
 persecution and yearnings for deliverance will be answered for the 
 enduring believer. 
 
 Lamedh. Ver. 89-96. Stability of God’s Word and Works. “ Forever thy 
 word is settled in heaven” (ver. 89). The “Impregnable Rock” of Scrip- 
 ture is a theme which delights the people of God and constitutes a claim 
 of the soul on God which he will not deny. 
 
 . Mem. Ver. 97-104. The Saint’s Source of Wisdom. “Wiser ... do thy 
 
 commandments make me” (ver. 98). The law of God is the fountain of 
 divine wisdom from which one can draw as from no other source. 
 
 Nun. Ver. 105-112. God’s Word a Lamp and Light. “Lamp to my feet 
 ... light to my path” (ver. 105). A lamp by night and a light by day 
 as the pillar of cloud and fire. Who takes it as his guide never loses his 
 way. 
 
 Samekh. Ver. 113-120. The Purposes and Provision of God. “ Keep the 
 commandments of my God” (ver. 115). A loyal resolve to cling to 
 God’s Book and a devotion to it through all experiences. 
 
 Aym. Ver. 121-128. The Believer’s Confidence. “ Thou wilt not leave me” 
 (ver. 121). A consciousness that God takes account and deals with the 
 enemy and will finally avenge every wrong. | 
 
 Pe. Ver. 129-136. Understanding Through God’s Word. “ Understanding 
 to the simple” (ver. 130). There are mysteries in this law which reveal 
 themselves to those who will permit him to enlighten. 
 
 Tsadhe. Ver. 137-144. The Righteousness of Our God. “ Righteous art 
 thou, O Jehovah” (ver. 137). There is no truth of God on which the 
 Scriptures dwell which brings more joy to the soul than God’s righteousness. 
 
 Qoph. Ver. 145-152. Effectual Believing Prayer. “J have called with my 
 whole heart’? (ver. 145). The Word of God encourages the soul to pray, 
 and teaches it to believe that God will answer prayer and accomplish 
 for those who believe. 
 
 Resh. Ver. 153-160. Endurance in Affliction. “See my affliction” (ver. 
 153). Those who ponder Holy Writ will find strength and solace to 
 endure in times of trial and affliction. Therein are to be found the words 
 of eternal life that beget patient endurance in every providence of God. 
 
 Shin. Ver. 161-168. Praise for God’s Truth. “Seven times a day I praise 
 thee” (ver. 164). “Jt ts a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord.” 
 And gratitude for God’s eternal Truth is a means of getting the most out 
 of the Book. 
 
 Tav. Ver. 169-176. Peace that Comes with Salvation. “J long for thy 
 salvation” (ver. 176). The Word of God points to him who is to be the 
 Prince of Peace and bring us our salvation. Keeping God’s Command- 
 ments is one of the sure ways that lead to knowing God’s salvation. 
 
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PSALM CXX’ 
 THE PLAINT AND PRAYER OF THE SLANDERED 
 
 Theme: The cry of suffering due to a slanderous foe. 
 Occasion: Not stated. Cf. 1 Sam. 22 : 22 and Psalm 52. 
 
 I. PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 1, 2. “ Deliver my soul, O Lord” 
 Gversi2). 
 
 1. Peril. Ver. 1. “ In my distress.’ Past experience of answered prayer urges 
 the soul to God because of its new grief and danger. ‘The Psalmist 
 was in sore need of defense from lying tongues. The atmos- 
 phere with which he was surrounded was soul-destroying. He 
 felt the disparity between the yearnings of his soul and the possibility 
 of his life in such abhorrent environment. 
 
 2. Plea. Ver. 2. “Deliver my soul.’ For the refuge of the soul is in 
 God, and he will not fail in the time of need. Often the soul is most 
 out of accord where the body must dwell. The faculty of speech 
 which is the soul’s expression can become a curse when it is used of 
 the devil to destroy. 
 
 II. PREDICTION OF DOOM. Ver. 3, 4. “ What shall be done unto thee?” 
 Ever) 
 
 1. Recompense. Ver. 3. “ What shall be given?” Surely there is some 
 retributive justice due those who profit by falsehood and make it 
 the weapon of attack upon the innocent. It will be no welcome 
 recompense that God will mete out to such as are guilty of the 
 crime of murder with their tongues. 
 
 2. Retribution. Ver. 4. “ Arrows ... coals of juniper.’ Words are like 
 arrows that come back again to pierce the souls of the utterers who 
 wing them with poison, swords that shall, like a boomerang, punish 
 those who wield them for harm. The awful doom of liars is “ the 
 lake which burneth with fire and brimstone.” 
 
 III. PROTEST AT DISCORDANCE. Ver. 5-7. “J am for peace” (ver. 7). 
 1. Plaint. Ver. 5. “Woe is me.’ To be compelled to associate daily with 
 those who plot and work iniquity is a lot from which one would fain be 
 delivered. The barbarous tribes named may have been literal or only 
 typical, but in any case they represent all too vividly such a state in 
 
 which many have found themselves. 
 
 2. Position. Ver. 6, 7. “JI am for peace.’ Every word aimed at peace 
 works discord, so bent are his foes on his destruction. When the 
 soul is in such position, it feels the urge to seek a better home, and 
 that rest can be found only in God. | 
 
 2 This and the next fourteen Psalms from ‘‘ The Song Book of the Pilgrims.” 
 
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PSALM CXXI 
 THE PSALM OF GOD’S KEEPING 
 
 Theme: The purpose of God to keep those who need help and protection. 
 
 Occasion: No special event. 
 
 I. THE PROBLEM OF FAITH. Ver. 1, 2. 
 
 1. Aspiration. Ver. la. “J will lift up mine eyes.’ This beautiful song 
 of the pilgrims contemplates a caravan pitched for the last night 
 before reaching the Holy City. It had been a hard journey and 
 the way was beset with foes. 
 
 2. Appeal. Ver. lb. “Whence cometh my help?” The highest places 
 appointed were not sufficient to meet the need. “Who is sufficient 
 for these things?” 
 
 3. Answer. Ver. 2.“ From Jehovah.” He is able, the Creator and Preserver 
 of all mankind, he is able! 
 
 II. THE PROGRESS OF FAITH. Ver. 3. 
 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 3a. “ May he not suffer thy feet” (R. V.). This expres- 
 sion of a wish suggests the need of perpetual prayer for ourselves and 
 for others, in every case of need. 
 
 2. Petition. Ver. 3b. “ May thy keeper not slumber.’ The disciples may 
 sleep, but he NEVER! Like a convoy to ships plying the danger zone, 
 he ever stands by to guide and protect. 
 
 III. THE PROMISE OF FAITH. Ver. 4-8. | 
 1. Assertion. Ver. 4. “Slumbers not.’ There is no unconsciousness in 
 God. Perhaps better still, he is never unmindful of us through all 
 our lives. He guards us as one would who has a rich treasure 
 
 that must be protected at every cost. 
 
 2. Affirmation. Ver. 5. “Thy keeper ... thy shade.’ He protects from 
 dangers seen and unseen that may be lurking near. He is also our 
 protection from the glaring heat of the day, and the dazzling light 
 of the sun overhead. 
 
 3. Avowal. Ver. 6. “Sun shall not smite, nor the moon.’ This was the 
 special danger of the Oriental pilgrim, a danger from two great lights 
 at all times, but the promise is not narrow, it includes all perils by 
 day or by night. 
 
 4. Assurance. Ver. 7,8. “ Keep thy soul.’ The promise is therefore widened 
 to include every evil. His keeping is eternal, and there are none so 
 safe as those within his care. 
 
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PSALM CXXII 
 THE DELIGHTS OF GOD’S HOUSE 
 
 Theme: The peace and prosperity of Zion as a place of worship. 
 
 Occasion: Period not known, but some pilgrimage to Jerusalem. 
 
 I. CALL TO WORSHIP. Ver. 1, 2. 
 
 1. Anticipation. Ver. 1. “J was glad when they said unto me.’ The 
 Psalmist recalls the joy with which the pilgrims began their march 
 to the Holy City. The joy of anticipation is only exceeded by that of 
 realization. 
 
 2. Achievement. Ver. 2. “ Our feet are standing” (R. V.). The caravan 
 has now entered the city and reached the goal of its pilgrimage. 
 It was begun in joy, it ends in rapture. How happy it would 
 be if our life’s pilgrimage might end, as did the Psalmist’s, in the 
 Father’s House! 
 
 II. CLIMAX OF WORSHIP. Ver. 3-5. 
 
 1. Assembly to Glorify God’s Name. Ver. 3,4. “ Whither the tribes go up” 
 (ver. 4). What memories were awakened as God’s people gathered in 
 Zion! Hither were they bidden as tribes of Israel (Deut. 16: 16) 
 while God reigned as King invisible. When the monarchy had come, 
 the sanctity of the Temple was not less assured. The people went up 
 to bear testimony to Jehovah, and the annual journeyings made 
 Jerusalem a holy shrine. 
 
 2. Assize to Govern God’s People. Ver. 5. “Thrones of judgment.” 
 Zion was the place where they could bring matters of government for 
 settlement. They sang as they went to the throne, “ Shall not the 
 Judge of all the earth do right!” Here justice was dispensed for the 
 nation, and the consciousness of this helped in the worship of Jehovah. 
 
 III. CONTRIBUTION TO WORSHIP. Ver. 6-9. 
 
 1. Prayer. Ver. 6. “ Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.’ ‘The first offering 
 of worshipful hearts is prayer. Jerusalem means “City of Peace” 
 (so the Tel-el-Amarna) and the boon asked for is that the ideal for 
 Zion may be real, that God will favor her with freedom from strife 
 or sin, from divisions and disloyalties, and that God’s blessing within 
 her precincts may reign supreme. 
 
 2. Proclamation. Ver. 7-9..“ Peace be within thy walls . .. prosperity” 
 (ver. 7). The singer enjoins on all the duty of contributing 
 peace and prosperity to the worship of God in Zion. To wish for it 
 without providing it was not in his program. 
 
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PSALM CXXIII 
 A WISTFUL PSALM OF HOPE 
 
 Theme: The sense of dependence in the midst of scorning and persecution. 
 
 Occasion: Not intimated. 
 
 I. SUBMISSION. Ver. 1, 2. “ As the eyes of servants” (ver. 2). 
 1. Sigh. Ver. 1. “Lift I up mine eyes,’ This is the upward gaze of wistful 
 
 trust in God. The psalm begins with a sigh uttered before God who 
 was personal and real to the writer. It exquisitely expresses the 
 moods and tenses of the soul under such circumstances as are here 
 described. Hope, confidence, and expectation go with this upward 
 look. What a blessing is spiritual sight! The soul’s long look toward 
 God is in itself a great relief. If we cannot see him we will look 
 toward him. 
 
 2. Surrender. Ver. 2. “Wait upon the Lord.’ Whatever God sends or 
 
 permits, we bow before his will. If we could see as he sees, we might 
 not murmur, but then that would be sight, not faith. Faith sees 
 farther than sight and trusts God for the rest of the way. We are his 
 servants that he may command or use as he will. Only faith can thus 
 learn to surrender an obstinate and an earth-bound will. 
 
 II. SUPPLICATION. Ver. 3, 4. “ Have mercy upon us.” 
 1. Testing. Ver. 3. “ Filled with contempt.’ Who has not shrunk from 
 
 such eyes and presence! The sigh becomes therefore a prayer 
 for deliverance which is not a violation of the submission just ex- 
 pressed, but the evidence of it. The soul shrinks from such con- 
 temptuous treatment as the Psalmist has so patiently endured. The 
 plea for mercy in the midst of this experience of testing reveals the 
 eagerness with which we may cling to God for rescue and respite. 
 Whatever the condition these words indicate, the cry for deliverance 
 is an act of submissive worship. 
 
 2. Trial. Ver. 4. “ Filled with ... scorning.” Those who were mocking 
 
 Page 138 
 
 God’s servant were in affluent circumstances, and the inequality of 
 things hurt then as it does today. There seems to be no answer save 
 the admonition to submit with patient enduring grace. Perhaps that 
 is why the trial comes in order that patience may be developed, and the 
 submission may bring its reward... Often has this been our experience 
 when we have known persecution instéad of receiving praise. Happy 
 the man who can bring his case to God. 
 
PSALM CXXIV 
 A PSALM OF JUBILANT PRAISE 
 
 Theme: Deliverance from trouble wholly ascribed to God. 
 
 Occasion: Not given. 
 
 I. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Ver. 1-5. “If it had not been the Lord.” 
 
 1. Deliverance. Ver. 1, 2a. “ The Lord who was on our side”’ No human 
 hand could have rescued from the place to which they had come. It 
 was divine intervention that brought deliverance. The repetition of 
 the refrain is not mere poetry but heightened surprise and gratitude so 
 that the soul can but reiterate the conviction “God is on our side!” 
 
 2. Danger. Ver. 2b. “ Men rose up against us.’ The dangers were oft 
 repeated and they are familiar in the Psalms. The images here are 
 
 _ dramatic and devastating. Some swift and sudden peril or many 
 dangerous foes had come, and but for God’s interference they 
 would have been overwhelmed and would not have been left to tell 
 the tale. 
 
 3. Destruction. Ver. 3-5. “Swallowed us up alive” (ver. 3, R. V.). There 
 would have been a sudden submerging, a swift and certaingsweep! 
 off their feet, and all would have been over, the destruction#wvoul 
 been complete. If it had not been for God’s matc 
 grace they would have been destroyed. None other, 
 this miracle or could have worked it in their beha 
 is careful to make that clear. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II. ASCRIPTION. Ver. 6-8. “Blessed be the Lordg 
 
 1. Refuge. Ver. 6. “Not given us a prey.” 
 minence of the danger, he would now,4 
 deliverance. As one says, “ The ny 
 eminent the mercy.’ God checked 
 lions’ mouths.” His hands he 
 -death. 
 
 2. Rescue. Ver. 7. “ Escaped, 
 delicate situations of ayl 
 from the clutch of tk 
 deliverer who is, mn 
 
 bed the im- 
 Bleteness of the 
 2 danger the more 
 Toe, “ he stopped the 
 fants from the jaws of 
 
 e soul is compared to the 
 41) in its helplessness. Escape 
 rentrap us is made possible by a 
 sa note of triumph in that song, 
 
 he name of the Lord.” Glory to God 
 who is our nevertan distress and on whom we can rely for 
 
 Page 139 
 
PSALM CXXV 
 A SONG OF ASSURANCE 
 
 Theme: The safety of believers which makes faith to cancel fear. 
 
 Occasion: When the exiles were back in the land and facing new perils. 
 
 I. PROTECTION. Ver. 1, 2. “The Lord ts round about his people” 
 
 (veneZ 
 
 1. Established. Ver. 1. “Cannot be removed.’ ‘The stability of those 
 who trust in Jehovah is set forth in a bold figure. According to the 
 Hebrew, the hill of Zion “ sits to eternity.’ There is rest and tran- 
 quillity for the believer, because his hope is sure. By the same power 
 that stablishes the mountains God stays the hearts of those who put 
 their trust in him. 
 
 2. Encircled. Ver. 2. “ As the mountains are round about.’ We can rise 
 above dangers and be conscious of the protecting presence and pro- 
 vision of God. He is like the mountains. The picture is that of a 
 mother with encircling arms about her babe, the security of God’s 
 encircling power is ours. 
 
 II. PROM ISE. Ver. 3. “ Shall not rest.” 
 1. Digtfess. Ver. 3a. “Rod of the wicked.” The people of God are not 
 — aised freedom from trial or persecution. Too often they know 
 through the oppression of the ungodly. 
 Ver. 3b. “‘Not rest upon.” We need take no steps for 
 gscuie if we trust in God. He will limit the powers of the 
 i] set a bound to the suffering of those who are 
 he himself will deliver. 
 
 pgood, O Lord.” 
 
 hose who be good” (godly). The godly will not 
 times to escape suffering, but will rather keep 
 ed may enrich them with his presence. 
 
 y thew hearts.’ The Psalmist prays that 
 according to the law of retribution. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 wy 
 rarer: 
 
 © 
 
 III. PRAYERS 
 1. Godliness: 
 yield to 
 
 their faith 
 
 2. Goodness. Ver. 
 
 the godly may 
 
 IV. PEACE. Ver. 5. “ Peacé 
 1. Punishment. Ver. 5a. 
 crooked and prefer the 
 
 them. | 
 
 2. Prosperity. Ver. 5b. “ Peace’ 4am 
 
 to prosperity and peace. No 
 
 of judgment. The true Isy 
 
 and enjoy the blessing, 
 
 me 
 “4 . 
 side.” Concerning those who are 
 
 ’ Lord will deal otherwise with 
 
 4 The upright shall come 
 Fall upon them in the day 
 '(Gal. 6: 16) shall receive 
 
 i 
 
 Page 140 
 
 Pa 
 = 
 
 rs 
 
PSALM CXXVI 
 THE PSALM OF THE RETURNING CAPTIVES 
 
 Theme: Encouragement from former interpositions of God. 
 
 Occasion: Return of the exiles from Babylon. 
 
 I. PAST. Ver. 1,2. “The Lord hath done great things for them” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Providence. Ver. 1. “ The Lord turned again the captivity.” A partial 
 
 restoration of Israel brings rejoicing. It is a happy beginning 
 hrought about by God’s gracious and providential care. 
 
 2. Praise. Ver. 2. “Our tongue with singing.’ We feel the throb of 
 wondering gratitude. Tears and laughter are mingled in the praise 
 offered for the restoration, praise that is full of singing. The heart 
 turns from former sorrow, to rejoice and be glad. 
 
 II. PRESENT. Ver. 3, 4. “ The Lord hath done great things for us” (ver. 3). 
 1. Praise. Ver. 3. “Whereof we are glad.’ The goodness of God is 
 not all in the past tense. He is doing for us what he did for our 
 fathers. Whether this is the reiteration of Israel’s consciousness of 
 past mercies in response to the testimony of the heathen or merely 
 the witness to present blessings to be enjoyed, God was continually 
 
 working his will for them in gracious watchcare. 
 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 4. “Turn again our captivity.’ The work of restoring 
 Israel to the land was not complete. Many captives had returned, 
 many more were yet to come so it was timely that prayer should be 
 offered for the speedy consummation of the restoration. They believed 
 they would yet see all Israel once more in the land of promise, and that 
 God’s people should come again to prosperity and power. 
 
 III. PROSPECTIVE. Ver. 5, 6.“ Shall come again with rejoicing” (ver. 6). 
 1. Promise. Ver. 5. “They shall reap in joy.” The Psalmist turns to 
 prophecy concerning the future. He adopts the figure of the fellaheen 
 in the Nile valley when the banks were overflowed sowing their seed 
 in the swollen waters, and not seeing at the time the values for their 
 
 toil. 
 
 2. Prosperity. Ver. 6. “ Bringing his sheaves.’ By and by when the waters 
 recede, the grain comes up and there is rejoicing, first at the pros- 
 pective harvest, and later at the gathering of the sheaves. When the 
 soul is rescued and restored, true fruitfulness appears. 
 
 Page 141 
 
PSALM CXXVII 
 THE JOY OF DEPENDENCE ON GOD 
 
 Theme: The need of God’s blessing on every undertaking in life. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. THE HOUSE. Ver. 1. “ Except the Lord build the house.” 
 
 1. Provision. Ver. la. “The Lord build.’ Any house which is to be a 
 “home” out of which cities are built. It is well to count it first of all 
 God’s gift, and in the building of the structure to recognize his pro- 
 vision. It is he who gives material, skill, and strength in labor to erect 
 a home or a temple. 
 
 2. Preservation. Ver. lb. “The Lord keep.’ After the house is finished 
 and the city is enlarged, watchmen must guard from the despoiler. 
 If the building and the keeping alike are not blessed of God, no human 
 plans for preservation will succeed. 
 
 TL VCH RC HOME? Veri2borly eerste. 
 
 1. Anxiety. Ver. 2a. “ Eat the bread of sorrows.’ The houses and the 
 cities stand as dwelling-places for men, but the thing that makes 
 “home’’ is all this plus something more. A man may labor through 
 long hours, but if he eat his bread mixed with ceaseless anxiety and 
 minus God’s blessing and presence, it will all be in vain and bring 
 neither joy nor reward. 
 
 2. Anticipation. Ver. 2b. “ He gives to his beloved while in sleep” (R. V.). 
 God’s children can be free from care for he anticipates their every 
 need and provides for them while in sleep. He gives rest through sleep 
 to weary bodies and supplies for them while they take that rest every- 
 thing that they need for the rebuilding of bone and tissue, gifts which 
 they could never procure for themselves. 
 
 Ill. THE HOUSEHOLD. Ver. 3-5. “ The children are an heritage” (ver. 3). 
 1. Blessing. Ver. 3. “ His reward.’ This is one instance of God’s many 
 blessings in the building up of a city through its houses and its 
 homes. He gives households, containing those who shall con- 
 tinue both house and home after us. This gift of children is the 
 
 eracious bestowal of our God. 
 
 2. Benediction. Ver. 4, 5. “Happy is the man” (ver. 4). A large 
 family may involve many trials, but it secures abundant blessings. We 
 may wrestle for all these things without God and fail but dependence 
 on God will bring the benediction. 
 
 Page 142 
 
PSALM CXXVIII 
 
 THE BENEDICTION OF SANCTIFIED DOMESTIC 
 RELATIONSHIPS 
 
 Theme: The happiness of a devout household reared in the fear of God. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 
 I. REVERENCE. Ver. 1. “ Feareth the Lord.’ A miniature picture of a 
 happy household. (Cf. Ps. 127.) It begins with a devout life as 
 the inner side of domestic happiness. There must be reverence before 
 there can be blessedness. The essence of all true religion is this attitude 
 of worship and there can be no holiness apart from it. 
 
 II. REWARD. Ver. 2. “ Labor of thine hands.” It is the lot of all men to 
 labor and to receive reward according to their toil. That reward is 
 not always in the coin of the realm, nor even in material benefits. 
 Whatever comes, no toil goes unblessed. We reap from it in our 
 own character and in communion with God. 
 
 III. RELATIONSHIPS. Ver. 3. “Thy wife... children.’ This is the ideal 
 relationship of life. The wife is happy in motherhood, the children 
 gather to meet the father on his return from the toil of the day, all 
 clustering round the family hearthstone as they are under the paternal 
 roof. The home and the family are the units of a nation, and the 
 basic source of all civil and religious government. 
 
 IV. RELIGION. Ver. 4. “ Feareth the Lord.’ The foundation of all this is 
 true religion which means “ bending back to God.” Only when a nation 
 recognizes God as the Lord in its homes and in the lives of its indi- 
 vidual units, will that nation truly prosper and serve the divine 
 purpose or fulfil the divine plan. The responsibility in the last 
 analysis is on every individual. 
 
 V. RECOMPENSE. Ver. 5. “ Bless thee out of Zion.’ Spiritual blessings ever 
 follow these temporal benefits, for divine prosperity is greater 
 than human progress or success. The recompense of spiritual 
 relationships can never be measured, their loss never be told in words. 
 
 VI. RECOGNITION. Ver. 6. “See thy children’s children ... peace.’ Such 
 as those who truly serve God shall recognize in their lifetime God’s 
 guiding hand and providence and shall know and see in this world 
 and the next God’s eternal peace. 
 
 Page 143 
 
PSALM CXXIX 
 A HYMN OF SORROW AND CONFIDENCE 
 
 Theme: Afflictions that worked patience in the oppressed, but punishment 
 for the oppressor. 
 
 Occasion: Not indicated. 
 
 I. AFFLICTION OF OPPRESSORS. Ver. 1-4. “They afflicted me” 
 (Versa) 
 
 1. Injustice. Ver. 1, 2. “ From my youth” (ver. 1). This sounds like the 
 oppression in Egypt (it may be in the exile). Israel’s youth goes 
 back to the land of Egypt and the days of bondage and many were the 
 afflictions then endured. A multitude of afflictions had they seen since 
 that time, yet Israel survived them all and the retrospect seems to be 
 one of comfort and assurance. 
 
 2. Inhumanity. Ver. 3. “Plowed upon my back.” The lash of the task- 
 master comes to mind. Those cruel tormentors laid on the whip 
 till the backs of the oppressed were like a plowed field for furrows. 
 But again, the afflictions, severe as. they were, were futile. Even our 
 wounds become witnesses at last to God’s protecting care. 
 
 3. Ignominy. Ver. 4. “Cut asunder the cords.’ They thought to bring 
 ignominy upon God’s people but brought it upon their own heads. God 
 is ever just and will keep his covenant. The cords which the enemy 
 had thought so secure were snapped, and the oppressed saints set free. 
 “Touch not the Lord’s anointed.” “ He that toucheth you, toucheth 
 the apple of his eye.’ How safe are God’s people in his care! 
 
 II. AVENGING OF OPPRESSED. Ver. 5-8. “ Let them be confounded ” 
 (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Unsuccessful. Ver. 5. “ Turned back.” The confidence of God’s people 
 is in him, and he will surely avenge his own. This is not personal 
 vengeance, as it is not self-vengeance, but a hearty acquiescence with 
 God’s retributive justice, his righteous judgment and the glorious 
 government of his moral universe. 
 
 2. Unfruitful. Ver. 6, 7. “ Withereth afore it groweth up” (ver. 6). The 
 enemy will plot and toil in vain, he will look for much and reap 
 nought, there will be no “joy in harvest,’ no ingathering at the 
 close of day. Evil works out its own destruction. 
 
 3. Unblessed. Ver. 8. “ Neither do they... say.’ No one will ever bless the 
 oppressors, no benediction can fall on their heads, for they come to 
 their end in silence and pass on their way to death. As they sow, so 
 shall they reap. 
 
 Page 144 
 
PSALM CXXX 
 THE DE PROFUNDIS (“ OUT OF THE DEPTHS”) PSALM 
 
 Theme: A national desire for forgiveness and peace. 
 
 Occasion: None indicated. 
 
 I. THE CRY. Ver. 1,2. “ Out of the depths have I cried” (ver. 1). 
 
 1. Call. Ver. 1. The intense desire of the believer who would know forgive- 
 ness issues ina cry. Affliction does not separate from God but draws 
 the soul nearer. 
 
 2. Claim. Ver. 2. A challenge of faith which expects to be heard. 
 
 II. THE CONFESSION. Ver. 3. “Jf thou shouldst mark iniquities.” 
 1. Humility. Ver. 3a. The consciousness of sin that drives to God. If God 
 _ should keep account! And does he not keep record! 
 2. Helplessness. Ver. 3b. Herein is our lost estate made known that we 
 cannot by measures of our own blot out the record. 
 
 III. THE COVENANT. Ver. 4. “ There is forgweness with thee.” 
 1. Pardon. Ver. 4a. God does not “ deal with us after our sins.’ ‘They are 
 washed away, and he deals with us as though we had not sinned. 
 2. Piety. Ver. 4b. This is true piety that the sinner thus forgiven worships. 
 He does not think lightly of sin, but fears to sin again against such 
 forgiving love. 
 
 IV. THE COMMUNION. Ver. 5, 6.“ My soul waiteth for the Lord” (ver. 5). 
 1. Patience. Ver. 5. The watchfulness of the soul is revealed as patiently 
 bearing affliction with an endurance born of hope. 
 2. Promise. Ver. 6. The soul waits for the fulfilment of God’s promises 
 as a sleepless one who longs for the first streak of dawn. 
 
 V. THE CONFIDENCE. Ver. 7. “With the Lord there its mercy.” 
 1. Plea. Ver. 7a. This is the pearl of redemption. Others are invited to 
 enjoy with all believers the pardon they have known. 
 2. Pledge. Ver. 7b. God promises pardon to all who will come to him 
 for peace. He will not disappoint those who trust in him. 
 
 VI. THE CONCLUSION. Ver. 8. “ He shall redeem Israel.” 
 1. Origin. Ver. 8a. “With thee” (ci. v. 4) identifies the “he” as the 
 God of Israel. “ Plenteous grace with thee is found.” 
 2. Outcome. Ver. 8b. Redemption from “all” our sins, from their penalty, 
 power, and presence in this world and in that to come. 
 
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PSALM CXXXI 
 A SONG OF CHILDLIKE TRUST 
 
 Theme: A meditation and self-examination on relationship to God. 
 
 Occasion: None given. Cf. 2 Sam. 6: 22. 
 
 I. CAUTION. Ver. 1. “ Neither do I exercise myself.” 
 
 1. Lowliness. Ver. la. “My heart is not haughty.’ This psalm is like 
 the crooning of a peaceful child that has learned to rest on its mother’s 
 bosom. It is a meditation rather than a proclamation, and reveals a 
 mood of the soul which betokens true humility. 
 
 2. Loyalty. Ver. lb. “Too high for me.’ It is a sign of fealty when the 
 soul is content with that which God has permitted and ventures not 
 into forbidden pathways. The Psalmist is loyal to Jehovah, and 
 will follow him only where he calls or leads the way. 
 
 II. CONTENTMENT. Ver. 2 “ Quieted myself.” 
 
 1. Submission. Ver. 2a.“ I have behaved.” Self-will has a large part in 
 the spirit of discontentment which we feel. When we submit our 
 will to God, there is happy peace and satisfaction. To learn the 
 mastery of our own spirit and bring it under subjection is the secret 
 of true contentment. 
 
 2. Surrender. Ver. 2b. “ Even as a weaned child.’ When we have learned 
 to forego the joys and comforts we think we need and to which we 
 feel entitled, then God will give us something better, something that will 
 make for spiritual growth and strength in after life. Resolute self- 
 suppression will bring the victory, and we shall rest satisfied in the 
 Father’s arms. 
 
 III. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 3. “ Hope in the Lord.” 
 
 1. Reliance. Ver. 3a. “ Let Israel hope.’ Out of experiences like these, the 
 Psalmist would utter his word of exhortation. They who put their 
 trust in God can know, too, and share in that quietness of heart which 
 is his. God’s provision for us is surely best, his judgments without 
 question, his will our peace forevermore. 
 
 2. Rest. Ver. 3b. “ From henceforth and forever.’ Only thus can we 
 come to true rest, when we cease to depend on ourselves and the things 
 of time, and rely on God and his eternity. Then shall we know that 
 “ peace which passeth understanding.” 
 
 Page 146 
 
PSALM CXXXII 
 THE SONG OF THE TEMPLE AND THRONE 
 
 Theme: Prayer that God would again visit Zion and fulfil his promises to 
 David. 
 
 Occasion: Not ascertained. 
 
 I. THE TEMPLE. Ver. 1-10. “ An habitation for... God” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Pledge. Ver. 1-5. “Until I find ...a place for the Lord” (ver. 5). 
 Devotion to God led David to make this vow which he sealed with an 
 oath. Our promises to God should be solemn experiences, for a due 
 sense of reverence forbids our trifling with him, David would not take 
 his ease till the ark which had been neglected should find abode in a 
 suitable house. He promised more than he could carry out, but God 
 took the will for the deed. 
 
 2. Performance. Ver. 6-10. “ Arise, O Lord ... into thy rest” (ver. 8). 
 The ark was found years later in the woods of Kirjath-jearim. 
 It had long been without a resting-place, but now devout men having 
 prepared a temple where this covenant-symbol might find abode, 
 brought it to Zion. Solomon reverently besought the Lord to conse- 
 crate the Temple by his presence. The priests were in their places, 
 the worshipers assembled to sing, and praise was merged into prayer 
 that God would not turn his face from them, but that he would bless 
 the Temple, the ark, the priests and Levites, and the king. Then the 
 Lord vouchsafed his glory, so that it filled the house. 
 
 II. THE THRONE. Ver. 11-18. “ Of the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy 
 throne” (ver. 11). 
 
 1. Promise. Ver. 11-13. “Shall ... sit upon thy throne” (ver. 12). The 
 Psalmist then turns to the covenant as Jehovah answers the peti- 
 tions of his people. Just as David had pledged to bring the ark to 
 the Temple, God had promised to bring the seed of David to the 
 throne. (2 Sam. 7.) Peter counts this promise Messianic. (Acts 
 2: 30-36.) The honor of God is involved to make this promise 
 good. Some day his Son, “of the seed of David,’ shall occupy that 
 throne and shall reign in Zion forever. 
 
 2. Performance. Ver. 14-18. “ There will I make the horn of David to bud” 
 (ver. 17). The worshipers had pleaded that God make this his rest 
 (ver.8). God’s answer is, “ This is my rest forever.” The expanded 
 promises of this passage are yet to be fulfilled and can only be met in 
 
 Page 147 
 
PSALM CXXXIIT 
 THE BLESSEDNESS OF UNITY 
 
 Theme: The loving fellowship of believers in their worship of God. 
 
 Occasion: Not stated. 
 
 I. THE CONTEMPLATION OF UNITY. Ver. 1. “ Together in unity.” 
 1. Congeniality. Ver. la. “ How good and how pleasant it is’’ Perhaps 
 
 this was sung in connection with the gathering of worshipers from 
 every quarter in Jerusalem. The unity of brethren in worship is valu- 
 able and it is lovely. It is valuable because of its benefits. Who can 
 measure them? It is lovely because congenial fellowship is a testi- 
 mony. It was said of the early disciples, “See how these Christians 
 love one another!” Unity is not thinking or acting or speaking alike, 
 but it is diversity living in harmony. 
 
 2. Concord. Ver. 1b. “To dwell together.’ Living together and so har- 
 
 monizing that the thoughts of one do not violate the thoughts of 
 another, and those of all contribute for the common good of each. 
 In a world where there are many temperaments, atmospheres, types, 
 there must be cooperation in service and worship. There is one army, 
 but it may operate through many regiments, and still serve under one 
 flag. Failure so to live’in unity robs the world of our testimony for 
 God. 
 
 II. THE COMMENDATION OF UNITY. Ver. 2, 3. “It is like” (ver. 2). 
 1. Blessedness. Ver. 2. “The precious ointment.” True unity is like oint- 
 
 ment. It is precious because of its many uses, but not the less because 
 of its fragrance. The oil did not remain where it fell, but overflowed. 
 So the grace of divine brotherhood in unity permeates far and near, 
 bestowing a blessing wherever it goes. 
 
 2. Benediction. Ver. 3. “The Lord commanded the blessing.’ Unity -is 
 
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 like the dew. It is no violence to the text if we say that it is the same 
 dew from heaven, which falls as a benediction on the parched earth, 
 whether it comes from Hermon far away, or from lesser mountain 
 ranges closer by. Dew, like oil, refreshes; the one diffusing fragrance, 
 the other freshness. So this unity of brotherly love is a benediction 
 in whichever direction it goes forth. God has appointed and com- 
 manded this blessing to flow from Zion forevermore. 
 
PSALM CXXXIV 
 A PSALM OF BLESSING AND BENEDICTION 
 
 Theme: A call on all worshipers to praise God. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 ISH EIBLESSING: Vers fye2.! 0“ Blessethe Lord.) (ver..2). 
 
 1. Praise. Ver. 1. “ Bless ye the Lord.’ A charming doxology, full of 
 suggestion for reverent hearts. Perhaps sung antiphonally in the form 
 of a challenge and response. The ministrants at the altar of the 
 Temple are exhorted to lift up their voices in holy thanksgiving and 
 praise, and in the nightly service of God’s house to let their voices 
 echo the gratitude of the sleeping city. We should bless the Lord 
 even when the darkest hours of night are upon us. 
 
 2. Prayer. Ver. 2. “ Lift up your hands,’ They are also exhorted to “ lift 
 up holy hands in prayer.’ This gesture of the hands in prayer has 
 been through all the ages expressive of longing souls in expectation of 
 receiving a blessing. The uplifting of the hands also denoted uplifted 
 hearts and voices. It was expressive, too, of clean hands that had 
 been washed and therefore symbolized purity of approach. The 
 Temple was the audience-chamber where God heard prayer. While 
 all around was still, God’s ministering servants were urged to bless 
 him in praise and thanksgiving. 
 
 II. THE BENEDICTION. Ver. 3. “The Lord... bless thee.” 
 
 1. Power. Ver. 3a. “The Lord that made heaven and earth.’ This may 
 have been the answer to the antiphonal song addressed to each indi- 
 vidual worshiper. The Jehovah who would bless them was Creator 
 of heaven and earth. That is, the God of adoring worship must ever 
 be known as “God the omnipotent,’ and this would inspire awe and 
 reverence in the worshiper. All blessings come from him, and the 
 blessing they seek is the benediction of Omnipotence dwelling in Zion. 
 
 2. Pronouncement, Ver. 3b. “ Bless thee out of Zion?’ All men are under 
 the curse through sin, and happy are they who can hear the words 
 in their own hearts, “ The Lord bless thee.’ His ministers can only 
 utter the words, God himself will pronounce this benediction and 
 make it a reality. It is “on earth” and “ out of Zion” the benedic- 
 tion will come, but it is through his Holy Spirit it will fall. If we 
 are offerers of true blessing in worship we shall be receivers of the 
 true benediction in grace. 
 
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PSALM CXXXV 
 A CALL TO WORSHIP IN THE TEMPLE 
 
 Theme: This is a mosaic from many Psalms on' the joy of worship. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. AN INVOCATION TO PRAISE. Ver. 1-14. “Praise ye the Lord” 
 (verail); 
 
 1. Goodness. Ver. 1-4. “ For the Lord is good” (ver. 3). Not only those 
 who stand at the altar, but all who are in the Temple courts are 
 exhorted to praise. Vocal expression brings delight to the heart and 
 is full of pleasure. The goodness of God is in sharp contrast with 
 our sinfulness, so that it is not of reward but of grace. Hence the 
 more reason for praise. 
 
 2. Greatness. Ver. 5-7. “The Lord is great” (ver. 5). The greatness of 
 God is an added reason for worship. He is “above all gods.’ This 
 conviction is born of experience—“ J know ’’—and that is a knowledge 
 worth possessing. The Psalmist leads to a contrast with heathen 
 deities which “are no gods.” It can never be the worship of Jehovah 
 AND other gods, there must be “no other god before” him. His 
 greatness is manifested in his universal sway. 
 
 3. Glory. Ver. 8-14. “Thy name endureth forever” (ver. 13). The 
 history of Israel bears witness to his glory. That is the story 
 of a march of mercy. A chosen people that were “not a people” 
 brought from bondage to freedom. ‘The wonders of his grace in 
 their behalf reveal his glory. His name alone can endure, his 
 character is immutable, his eternity can never be changed, his 
 will issues in true judgment. 
 
 Il. AN INCENTIVE TO PRAISE. Ver. 15-21. “They speak not. ~. see 
 MOL aTer, 210.) 
 
 1. Perversion. Ver. 15-18. “ The idols of the heathen” (ver. 15). These 
 senseless creations of men’s hands worshiped as God only need to be 
 mentioned to show what a perversion of worship is idolatry, and 
 how incapable of being praised are heathen deities. 
 
 2. Propriety. Ver. 19, 20. “O house of” (ver. 19). The tribes of Israel 
 above all others should rejoice to praise, after all God has done. 
 The Levites, too, set apart for this very thing and all devout souls 
 that had cause for thanksgiving should see the propriety of praise. 
 
 3. Perfection. Ver. 21. “ Out of Zion.” Zion was the chief place for wor- 
 ship, though not the exclusive place. God’s house is “the place 
 where prayer is wont to be made,’ and worship there approaches 
 perfection, for it is the place where God meets his people. 
 
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PSALM CXXXVI 
 THE ANTIPHONAL SONG OF PRAISE 
 
 Theme: Concerning the wonderful grace of God. 
 
 Occasion: Not given. Sung in Solomon’s Temple. Cf. 2 Chron. 7 : 3, 6. 
 
 I. MERCY IN GOD’S POWER. Ver. 1-9. “To him that alone doeth great 
 wonders” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Invocation to Praise. Ver. 1-3. “O give thanks.’ Gratitude to God is 
 the loftiest passion of the soul, and should be cultivated. What joy 
 there is in the mercy of God! His loving-kindness is manifested in 
 every experience of life. He is “King of kings and Lord of lords,” 
 the only Ruler of the universe, and “ his mercy endureth forever.” 
 
 2. Incentive to Praise. Ver. 4-9. “To him that by wisdom made” 
 (ver. 5). The wisdom and power of God as exhibited in creation 
 is a meet subject for thanksgiving. These attributes beget in 
 us wonder which leads to love and praise. The creation of this 
 universe was an act of divine love, and “ his mercy endureth forever.” 
 
 II. MERCY IN GOD’S PROVIDENCE. Ver. 10-22. “ Brought out Israel 
 from among them” (ver. 11). 
 
 1. Deliverance from Bondage. Ver. 10-15. “ Overthrew Pharaoh” 
 (ver. 15). The Exodus is brought to mind and in the background the 
 cruel taskmasters and the maddening oppression of Egypt, from which 
 they were delivered. God was overruling in it all, and not one stroke 
 was without value. 
 
 2. Deliverance from Belligerents. Ver. 16-22. “Smote great kings” 
 (ver. 17). Kings and nations of power thought to attack them, 
 and the wilderness journey had its disciplines, but God defended 
 them against every foe. The more powerful the enemy, the more 
 mighty was their God. So God brought them to peace and into 
 the land for an inheritance, for it was mercy that fought their 
 battles and gave them the spoils. 
 
 III. MERCY IN GOD’S PROVISION. Ver. 23-26. “Who remembered our 
 low estate” (ver. 23). 
 
 1. Redemption from Foes. Ver. 23, 24. “ Redeemed us from our enemies ” 
 (ver. 24). Personal mercies are, after all, the most blessed to remem- 
 ber, and they constitute the sweetest song of all. In our bankrupt 
 condition God found and redeemed us. : 
 
 2. Rescue from Famine. Ver. 25, 26. “ Giveth food” (ver. 25). The 
 Psalmist reminds them of the supply for bodily necessities. They 
 had fainted by the way but for the manna. He still gives us “ this 
 day our daily bread.” 
 
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PSALM CAXXVIIT 
 A PATRIOTIC SONG OF WAILING 
 
 Theme: The sufferings of God’s captive and desolate people in Babylon. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. But early after, the return from exile. Cf. ver. 1-3. 
 
 I. REMINISCENCES. Ver. 1-6. “ By the waters of Babylon... we wept” 
 
 (vera): 
 
 1. Plaint. Ver. 1-4. “ How shall we sing the Lord’s song?” (ver. 4). The 
 
 captives repaired to the riversides in sheer grief, and there shed tears 
 of sorrow over their lot. Nothing sweeter or sadder than this passage 
 could be written. They were now looking on the ruins of Jerusalem. 
 As a Temple-singer the Psalmist had lost his note, and to sing the 
 songs of Zion in heathen festivals were a sacrilege. It had been easier 
 to think of Zion and weep than to enjoy the temporal pleasures of 
 Babylon. 
 
 2. Patriotism. Ver. 5, 6. “Jf I prefer not Jerusalem” (ver. 6). He lifts 
 
 his eyes again in his present plight to his surroundings, and his heart 
 burns with loyalty toward Zion as it did while in Babylon. Nothing 
 can rob him of that deep sense of fidelity to the Holy City which was 
 in the breast of every patriotic Jew. Ruined as it now is, it is the 
 sacred city ever, and is his keen delight. There was no attachment 
 like that of a banished Israelite for his native land, and for the 
 Temple wherein dwelt for him the earthly manifestation of Jehovah. 
 
 II. RESENTMENT. Ver. 7-9. “Who said, Rase it, rase it” (ver. 7). 
 1. Imprecation. Ver. 7. “Remember ... against the children of Edom.” 
 
 It is difficult indeed to read these fearful denunciations uttered against 
 the enemy. We must not forget, however, the conditions. Their 
 temple was burned, their city desolated and ruined, their wives and 
 daughters ravished and violated, their children maimed or slaughtered. 
 Were we in such a plight, the intensely human might lead to impreca- 
 tions not less severe. At any rate they put their case in God’s hands, 
 and while we may not condone their prayer for horrible retributions, 
 we are sure God’s righteous power will mete out only such punish- 
 ment as is right and justly deserved. 
 
 2. Impeachment. Ver. 8, 9. “ As thou hast served us” (ver. 8). The bitter 
 
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 experiences they suffered are invoked on Babylon. The fact that 
 history records the literal fulfilment leads us to see they were the 
 enemies of God who spoiled his people. 
 
PSALM CXXXVIITI 
 A PSALM OF BRAVE CONFESSION 
 
 Theme: Confidence in God’s interposing and redeeming grace. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Written in view of grave trouble. 
 
 I. CONFESSION. Ver. 1-3. “Before the gods will I sing praise unto thee” 
 Gverel ): | 
 
 1. Resolution. Ver. 1,2. “J will praise thee with my whole heart” (ver. 2). 
 There is a fragrance here of worshipful surrender to God. He con- 
 templates the wondrous dealings of Jehovah who communes with him 
 in praise. The blessing enjoyed has been the fulfilment of divine 
 promises made aforetime. 
 
 2. Recollection. Ver. 3. “ Thou answeredst me.’ Answered prayer is always 
 the encouragement for direct dealings with God. Experience is a 
 dear but a true teacher, and can be trusted. Hence he is bold to 
 approach the throne of grace. 
 
 II. CONVERSION. Ver. 4-6. “ All the kings of the earth shall praise thee” 
 (ver. 4). 
 
 1, Anticipation. Ver. 4. “When they hear.’ The Psalmist feels he should 
 herald God’s name abroad, and looks forward to the day when those 
 who are in high places of rulership shall answer the call of God and 
 serve him. He would be a flaming evangelist to echo God’s words 
 to men. 
 
 2. Acceptance. Ver. 5, 6. “Shall sing in the ways of the Lord” (ver. 6). 
 He looks for the day when the lofty ones of earth shall in true 
 humility acknowledge the Lord, and that when his ways are known, 
 princes shall sing God’s glory. 
 
 III. CONFIDENCE. Ver. 7, 8. “ Thou wilt revive me” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Comfort. Ver. 7. “ Thy right hand shall save me.’ The Psalmist is back 
 again to his own case and the immediate surroundings. He speaks 
 with assurance and comfort of God’s protecting care. Even though 
 he should come to the brink of death, and walk through that “ dark 
 valley,” he is certain God can and will revive him and bring him back 
 again, and that his powerful hand will save him. His enemies shall 
 not have the advantage over him with God to interpose. 
 
 2. Completion. Ver. 8. “ The Lord will perfect.” The assurance that “ God 
 having begun a good work... will continue it unto the end” up- 
 holds the Psalmist in his discomforts. He is sure that God has a ~° 
 program and that it will some day be fulfilled and completed. The 
 word to Jacob (Gen. 28: 15) sustains all God’s children in every 
 circumstance of life. 
 
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PSALM CXXXIX 
 THE CONTEMPLATION OF GOD 
 
 Theme: What God was to the Psalmist and how he had come to think about 
 him. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 
 I. THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD. Ver. 1-18. “ Thou knowest it altogether” 
 (ver. 4). For the average man these words defining God are too big. 
 They can be stated better in terms of personal experience. We have 
 here a revelation of God’s personality in three successive steps. 
 
 1. Omniscience. Ver. 1-6. “Thou knowest” (ver. 2). Not merely that 
 God knows all things, but that God knows ME. He knows my path 
 and my running, my pallet and my resting. This brings awe, but also 
 joy. “Thou God seest me” is a comfort when we are doing the 
 right. It may be a truth hard to grasp but it is a blessing to have a 
 God who knows, and really to believe it would alter things. 
 
 2. Omnipresence. Ver. 7-12. “ Thou art there” (ver. 8). Not merely that 
 God is everywhere, but that God is NOW HERE. Such a truth 
 finds ME. It is inescapable. The “ besetting” God makes me as 
 a city besieged, he is round about me. On every side—God. Again it 
 begets awe, but also joy. I need not be afraid of his all-encom- 
 passing presence. It is my hope as it was the Psalmist’s hope. 
 
 3. Omnipotence. Ver. 13-18. “Thou hast possessed” (ver. 13). Not 
 merely that God is all-powerful but that he controls ME. He exer- 
 cises his power and wisdom in my behalf and they.are at my dis- 
 posal. His hand was upon me before I was born, and it is my con- 
 solation that all my days are ordered by his grace, all his dealings 
 with me are ordained by his power. 
 
 II. THE ACTIVITIES OF GOD. Ver. 19-24. “ Shouldst smite” (ver. 19). 
 1. Assurance. Ver. 19, 20. “Thou wilt slay the wicked” (ver. 19). All 
 the foregoing fills us with gratitude and thanksgiving, and it 
 brings assurance. Some have wished this section were not here 
 and say it is not Christian. Surely they have eyes only to earth! 
 
 Evil is God’s foe, its workers are his enemies. 
 
 2. Affirmation. Ver. 21, 22. “J hate them that hate thee” (ver. 21). Our 
 hatred of evil should equal our love of goodness. God’s enemies must 
 ever be our enemies. 
 
 3. Appeal. Ver. 23, 24. “Search me, O God” (ver. 23). The Psalmist is 
 back to his own heart, as he began so will he close. “Thou hast 
 searched me,” search again, continue to search! And so the begin- 
 ning is the ending. The true child will ask God to judge him. 
 
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PSALM CXL 
 THE CRY OF A HUNTED SOUL 
 
 Theme: Incessant persecutions of the crafty foe plotting destruction. 
 
 Occasion: Not certain. Probably David’s contact with Saul and Doeg. 
 
 I. PROVIDENCE. Ver. 1-3. “ Deliver me, O Lord” (ver. 1). The Psalmist 
 believes his case is safe in God’s hands and trusts to his Providence. 
 He states his need and pleads for deliverance. What wiser thing to 
 do for those who are wronged than to turn to God in prayer and 
 to believe that his providing love and grace will leave no room for 
 need of personal vengeance. 
 
 II. PRESERVATION. Ver. 4, 5. “Preserve me from the violent man” 
 (ver. 4). To fall into the hands of the wicked were calamity indeed. 
 _ These are God’s enemies as well as the Psalmist’s foes. Their success 
 would bring dishonor to the divine government in the sight of the 
 heathen. The foe planned to take the Psalmist off his guard, so he 
 prays to be preserved from such a danger. 
 
 III. PROTECTION. Ver. 6-8. “ Thou hast covered my head” (ver. 6). Faith 
 lays hold on God in the hour of peril and realizes how safe 
 is the soul that trusts him and is under his protecting and shelter- 
 ing care. “ Cover my defenseless head with the shadow of thy wing.” 
 
 IV. PUNISHMENT. Ver. 9-11. “Let them be cast” (ver. 10). Terrific 
 judgments are here contemplated, and it is not clear whether these 
 are imprecations or prophecies. Fire is to come from above, the flame 
 is to arise from beneath, and beaten by the storm the wicked are to fall 
 into these devourings and rise no more forever. The language may 
 be parabolic rather than literal, but it is drastic in any case. Yet is 
 it more than sin deserves? ‘The wickedness of evil-doers always 
 recoils in like manner upon themselves. 
 
 V. PROVISION. Ver. 12, 13. “The upright shall dwell in thy presence” 
 (ver. 13). We are in happier fields again and among the godly. A 
 note of confidence leads the Psalmist to believe God will be with us 
 in trouble and sustain. He will make provision for every need and 
 bring us to a happy issue out of every affliction, and through it all 
 his presence shall give us rest. 
 
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PSALM CXLI 
 A PSALM FOR THE TEMPTED 
 
 Theme: Slandered and suspected, the Psalmist reposes his trust in God. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Probably in the time of Saul. 
 
 I. PRAYER FOR PURITY. Ver. 1-4. “Incline not my heart to any evil 
 thing’ (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Supplication. Ver. 1, 2. “JI cry unto thee ... make haste” (ver. 1). 
 The Psalmist yearns for acceptance with God. Prayer should not be 
 a last but a first resort, it should be the daily sacrifice. It must 
 be “ before” God, and therefore will be conscious of his presence. 
 
 2. Solicitude. Ver. 3,4. “ Keep the door of my lips” (ver. 3). The tempta- 
 tions that are within are our greatest hindrances to growth. To 
 guard our lips from speaking evil and our hearts from harboring sin, 
 we need God as the Keeper. If we would be free men, we will 
 be clear of allowing ourselves to be under obligation to evil-doers, 
 and we may be sure that every trap they set is baited. 
 
 II. PRAYER FOR PATIENCE. Ver. 5-8. “ Even in their wickedness shall 
 my prayer continue” (ver. 5, R. V.). 
 
 1. Reproof. Ver. 5. “Let the righteous smite ... reprove.’ Better the 
 reproof of friends than the flattery of foes. Wholesome correction 
 may be courted in patience. We can requite our foes in no better 
 way than to give them our prayers in spite of their evil-doing, and 
 make these the only weapon of self-defense against their wickedness. 
 
 2. Retreat. Ver. 6-8. “In thee do I take refuge” (ver. 8; R. V.). Punish- 
 ment will be meted out in due time on all the ungodly, and the leaders 
 in evil-doing will finally be destroyed. The Psalmist would leave 
 them to their fate and seek no self-revenge. When the slaughter of 
 the wicked does come, his refuge is in Jehovah who is a sure and safe 
 retreat. 
 
 III. PRAYER FOR PROTECTION. Ver. 9, 10. “ Keep me from the snare” 
 (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Security. Ver. 9. “Keep me,’ Thus secure in Jehovah’s keeping, his 
 heart is at rest and he prays that preservation from the traps which 
 the wicked have laid to ensnare may be granted him in the hour of 
 peril. 
 
 2. Separation. Ver. 10. “Whilst I pass over” (R. V.). Poetic justice is 
 at the back of all these imprecations, and they are always subject to 
 the divine will. Whatever we think about it the literal fulfilment, 
 historically, in many instances does startle one. But the innocent 
 will escape, for God separates the righteous from the wicked. 
 
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PSALM CXLII 
 A PSALM FOR THE HUNTED AND FLEEING 
 
 Theme: Hounded by men and in hiding, the soul is driven to refuge in God. 
 Occasion<awWuittenaine a cave .Cieilnsam: 22,3) leand 2455, 
 
 I. SUPPLICATION. Ver. 1-3. “Did I make my supplication” (ver. 1). 
 1. Cry. Ver. 1. “J cried unto the Lord.” In dire extremity the Psalmist 
 flings himself into the arms of God. The cave is not a safe hiding- 
 place, and there is no earthly escape. In such distress and help- 
 lessness, the soul flees to God in prayer. God, unlike men, does not 
 
 hold it against us that we seek him too often as a last resort. 
 
 2. Complaint. Ver. 2. “My complaint before him.’ There is solace in 
 telling our troubles to God. Not that he does not know and needs to 
 
 _ have us tell him, but that when we can no longer bear the burden, 
 it is infinite joy and relief to be able to unburden it upon him. Then 
 comes strength to meet the severest trials, and comfort with the 
 telling. 
 
 3. Confusion. Ver. 3. “My spirit was overwhelmed.” The bravest souls 
 know hours like these, when the spirit comes under a cloud and the 
 mind is confused with difficulties. It is well to remember at such 
 a time the quaint remark of an old sage, “In the realm of the 
 soul there are often shadows where there are no clouds.’ Possibly 
 this was true at times of these men. The comfort of such an experi- 
 ence is that God knows and cares, and that he hears and answers 
 prayer. 
 
 II. SUCCOR. Ver. 4-7. “Thou shalt deal bountifully” (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Refuge. Ver. 4, 5. “Thou art my refuge” (ver. 5). In this forlorn con- 
 dition, the singer turns to find his place of retreat in God. Nowhere 
 about him is there one to help, but as he looks up, he sees Jehovah 
 and recognizes him as his champion and helper. Then he feels safe, 
 for he can run to cover when the storm is too severe, and under 
 God’s protection he has a safe place of refuge and one that never fails. 
 
 2. Rescue. Ver. 6. “ Deliver me.” He prays for deliverance from present 
 adversaries who are too strong for him and looks to God to lift him 
 up, nor does he look in vain. He passes from panic to peace. “ When 
 I am weak then I am strong.” 
 
 3. Relief. Ver. 7. “ My soul out of prison.” At last he is calm and still. 
 Soul-freedom brings inexpressible relief and unspeakable comfort. 
 From a man looking for a friend he has come to the place of many 
 friends. Prayer has lifted his soul to praise, faith has cancelled fear, » 
 defeat has turned to victory. 
 
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PSALM CXLIII 
 THE PLAINT OF THE DESOLATE 
 
 Theme: A vindication of the Psalmist’s integrity. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. PLAINT OF DESOLATION. Ver. 1-6. “My heart within me is deso- 
 
 late” (ver. 4). 
 
 1. Danger. Ver. 1-3. “Smitten my life” (ver. 3). The approach of the 
 
 Psalmist is always tender and at times even pathetic. “ Out of the 
 deeps”’ he calls upon God. His plaint is not complaining but the 
 setting of his case before God by a plea, as in a court of appeal. It is 
 gratuitous to say his calamity was deserved even though it is permitted. 
 God has disciplinary purposes of which we know little. It is certain 
 in any case this trial will be overruled for his good. 
 
 2. Desolation. Ver. 4-6. “My soul thirsteth after thee’ (ver. 6). The 
 
 record of inward experiences and emotions makes us one with this 
 sweet singer in his distress. Who of us has not known his plight 
 when we were stunned with grief and our souls were numb. It is a 
 comfort at such times to look back on God’s dealings in former days 
 and reverently to scan his providence in this hour. To be alone in a 
 desolate hour but drives us to his breast. 
 
 II. PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE. Ver. 7-12.“ Deliver me, Lord, from 
 
 mine enemies” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Plea for Rescue. Ver. 7-9. “TI flee unto thee ... hide me” (ver. 9). 
 
 The Psalmist betakes himself to prayer. This is always the refuge of 
 the godly. Like one of old he can say, “ Though he slay me, yet will 
 I trust him.’ When all around seems crumbling to ruins and our feet 
 are slipping, then he is for us the only safe hiding-place. If this issue 
 could come out of all our trials and persecutions, that we were flung 
 into the arms of God, then should we be happy in every providence 
 God sends us, no matter how sinister its appearance. 
 
 2. Petition for Revival. Ver. 10-12. “ Quicken me, O Lord” (ver. 11). 
 
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 “My heart is dead within.” And when it is so, he comes graciously 
 to quicken it again and revive the fainting spirits. When the 
 life is ebbing, he renews it so that it flows in with greater joy, 
 when the darkness overshadows, he will be our light. What a trysting- 
 place for the soul is this Book of the Psalms! How cheered and 
 refreshed we are when we come to the valley, to hear out of the 
 shadow another voice of one in like plight with ourselves, singing, 
 “Yea, though I walk through the valley ...I will fear no evil, for 
 thou art with me.” 
 
PSALM CXLIV 
 THE WARRIOR’S SONG OF DEVOTION 
 
 Theme: In the hour of conflict, when the singer turns to God for help. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. 
 
 I. PAST VINDICATIONS. Ver. 1, 2.“ The Lord which teacheth” (ver. 1). 
 1. Strength. Ver. 1. “The Lord my strength.’ This may be a composite 
 Psalm, but so are the good man’s prayers if he knows the Book! Here 
 we find the overflowing of a grateful heart that searches for symbols to 
 describe fitly the blessing God has been. God not only gives strength, 
 but he IS STRENGTH, which is a more priceless thing. 
 2. Salvation. Ver. 2. “ My deliverer.”’ The mercy of God in our behalf 
 is shown by his redeeming grace. He saved us, not only from 
 -the present foe, but from all perils seen and unseen. We, too, 
 should adore him, for his saving power to usward is as great as to 
 the saints of old. 
 
 II. PRESENT VICISSITUDES. Ver. 3-11. “Deliver me out of great 
 waters’ (ver. 7). 
 
 1. Relief. Ver. 3-6. “Scatter them” (ver. 6). This prayer for relief from 
 the calamity that is upon him and the persecutors that beset him is not 
 based on inherent merit, for he says there is no merit to plead. But 
 he does claim help as one of God’s own (ver. 7) for these are 
 strangers who would engulf him in misery through their treacherous 
 dealings, and he yearns for release. 
 
 2. Rescue. Ver. 7-11. “Rid me” (ver. 7). To be rid of their presence as 
 well as of their persecutions is the Psalmist’s prayer. Whoever the 
 foes were, they had no covenant relations with God. There could 
 never be anything in common with such, for they lived in deception 
 and falsehood, and this he loathed and from it he longed to be 
 delivered. 
 
 III. PROSPECTIVE VICTORIES. Ver. 12-15. “That our sons and 
 daughters” (ver. 12). 
 
 1. Prosperity. Ver. 12-14. “Our garners may be full” (ver. 13). It is 
 true this section seems unrelated if not disconnected. But is it so? 
 Does not the prosperity issue from the riddance of the foe, and, as 
 is so often the case, does not the Psalmist count on the thing as done, 
 a happy issue out of affliction and in answer to prayer! 
 
 2. Piety. Ver. 15. “Whose God is the Lord.’ In all this tranquillity the 
 Psalmist would not forget to relate his prosperity to God’s grace. He 
 longs for that state of true piety of heart that will ensure all the future ~ 
 of God’s people. 
 
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PSALM CXLV 
 A SUPREME SONG OF PRAISE 
 
 Theme: David’s own thanksgiving and praise pitched in a joyous key. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 
 I. PRAISE FOR GREATNESS. Ver. 1-6. “J will declare thy greatness” 
 (ver. 6). 
 
 1. Great. Ver. 1-4. “ Great is the Lord” (ver. 3). David as king worships 
 God as King of kings. The majesty of God in all his glorious attributes 
 makes a fit theme for praise. 
 
 2. Glorious. Ver. 5, 6. “ The glorious honor of thy majesty” (ver. 5). God’s 
 greatness is his glory and his glorious majesty is his greatness. Not 
 the most divine qualities, but at the beginning of praise. 
 
 II. PRAISE FOR GOODNESS. Ver. 7-10. “ The memory of thy goodness” 
 
 (ver. 7). | 
 
 1. Gracious. Ver. 7, 8. “The Lord is gracious” (ver. 8). ‘We progress 
 from greatness to goodness which is more than splendor and power. 
 Grace is part of goodness, a quality that is plus even in God. 
 
 2. Good. Ver. 9, 10. “ The Lord is good” (ver.9). Righteousness is God’s 
 inherent quality, and the angels chant of this through all the countless 
 ages of eternity. Who can explain it? 
 
 III. PRAISE FOR GLORY. Ver. 11-13. “The glory of thy kingdom” 
 (ver. 11). : 
 1. Power. Ver. 11. “Talk of thy power.’ We touch the highest glory of 
 God—his sovereign will. “ He spake, and it was done.” 
 2. Pomp. Ver. 12, 13. “ Majesty of thy kingdom” (ver. 12). Not earthly 
 ostentation but heavenly grandeur and glory. 
 
 IV. PRAISE FOR GUIDANCE. Ver. 14-16. “ Upholdeth all that fall” (ver. 
 14). 
 1. Providence. Ver. 14. “ Raiseth up those.’ Blessings accrue from these 
 attributes—the upholding hand and protecting arm of God. 
 2. Provision. Ver. 15, 16. “ Givest them their meat” (ver. 15). No needed 
 sustenance is denied; “the common blessing” of food is a divine 
 provision of his guiding care and love. 
 
 V. PRAISE FOR GRACE. Ver. 17-21. “ He will fulfil the desire’ (ver. 19). 
 1. Presence. Ver. 17-19. “Nigh unto all them that call” (ver. 18). 
 He is not only present to bless but to answer every call. 
 2. Preservation. Ver. 20, 21. “ Preserveth all them that love him” (ver. 20). 
 We are kept in his love. No wonder we adore in praise. 
 
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PSALM CXLVI 
 A GENERAL PSALM OF PRAISE 
 
 Theme: A heart full of joyful gratitude through contemplating the character 
 of God. 
 
 Occasion: Unknown. 
 
 I. HAPPINESS OF THOSE WHO TRUST GOD. Ver. 1-5. “ Happy is 
 he that hath ... God for his help” (ver. 5). 
 
 1. Summons. Ver. 1. “ Praise the Lord, O my soul.” The Psalmist will 
 not ask others to do what he does not practise himself. He who 
 would woo must also be won himself, and the singer first offers 
 to God his own grateful praise. When we are moved ourselves, 
 we can move others. 
 
 2. Stedfastness. Ver. 2. “While I have any being.’ His praise will 
 not be spasmodic. Throughout mortal life, he will stedfastly 
 worship God in praise. And, when this life is over, in his continued 
 existence he will still sing songs of praise. 
 
 3. Security. Ver. 3, 4. “Put not your trust in princes” (ver. 3). Why 
 should we trust in those who are themselves as helpless as we? The 
 highest mortal can only fail us, for he has no greater tenure on life 
 than the lowliest among us. 
 
 4, Superiority. Ver. 5. “Whose hope is in the Lord.’ True happiness is 
 for those who put their trust in the Eternal God. The God of Jacob! 
 If he will be patient with a man like that, he will be patient with us, 
 nor will he fail us. This is a contrast, therefore, not a comparison. 
 
 II. HOLINESS OF THE GOD THEY TRUST. Ver. 6-10. “ Keepeth 
 truth forever.” 
 
 1. Power. Ver. 6. “ Made heaven, earth, sea” (ver. 6). The perfections 
 of our God are set forth. First of all his power, for that is visibly 
 displayed in the things round about us and the great Universe in 
 which he has placed us. 
 
 2. Protection. Ver. 7,8. “ Executeth judgment’’ (ver. 7). One cannot love 
 power alone, however, unless there be coupled with that power 
 righteousness and truth. Our God is loving and just as well as 
 omnipotent. He freely gives and he graciously forgives. 
 
 3. Preservation. Ver. 9. “ Preserveth ... relieveth.’ God is gracious to 
 those who do not know him, so that they may learn to love and trust 
 him, but to those who work against him he is sternly just. 
 
 4, Permanence. Ver. 10. “ Reign forever and ever.’ ‘The sovereignty of 
 God is not confined to time but encompasses eternity, his kingdom - 
 will never end. Again we are summoned to praise. 
 
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PSALM CXLVII 
 THE GREATNESS AND GOODNESS OF GOD 
 
 Theme: The delight of God in those who trust him. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Probably after the return of the exiles. 
 
 I. PRAISE FOR PROTECTION. Ver. 1-6. “The Lord doth build up 
 Jerusalem” (ver. 2). 
 
 1. Restoration. Ver. 1-3. “Gathereth together the outcasts’ (ver. 2). It 
 would seem that the exiles were back in the homeland and are called 
 upon to give thanks for the restoration of which they are a part. 
 Jerusalem is rebuilded, the Temple restored, the people reestablished. 
 
 2. Recovery. Ver. 4-6. “The Lord lifteth up” (ver. 6). In all this God’s 
 guiding hand and protecting grace is seen. Jehovah never lost faith 
 in his people, but ever wooed them to his heart, recovering them when 
 fallen and restoring when broken. 
 
 II. PRAISE FOR PROVIDENCE. Ver. 7-11. “Who covereth ... pre- 
 pareth” (ver. 8). 
 
 1. Provision. Ver. 7-9. “ Giveth to the beast his food” (ver. 9). The 
 Psalmist becomes specific, bringing to mind personal providences 
 of God that call for praise. Provision for creatures who in helpless- 
 ness can look only to him, unowned birds, or the wild creatures of 
 valley and mountain, makes it certain he will provide no less for us. 
 
 2. Pleasure. Ver. 10, 11. “ Pleasure in them that fear him” (ver. 11). 
 The pleasure of God in his children as well as his provision for 
 them is given as a reason for praise. He delights in that quality in 
 man which finds response to God. Our emotions are dear to him. 
 Reverence will be the outstanding element in our worship, and that 
 is unafraid because it adores. The fear of sinners is another matter. 
 Our awe is brightened by hope and heightened by love. In this the 
 sinner has no part. 
 
 III. PRAISE FOR PEACE. Ver. 12-20. “ He maketh peace in thy borders” 
 (ver. 14). 
 
 1. Prosperity. Ver. 12-15. “ Filleth thee with the finest of the wheat” 
 (ver. 14). Peace is always wedded to plenty, not earthly sating, but 
 abundance for soul needs. They “ shall not want any good thing.” 
 
 2. Power. Ver. 16-20. “Giveth snow .. . scattereth”’ (ver. 16). The 
 elements are symbols of God’s government, the lightnings are 
 “whispers of his power.’ In his omnipotence we have our true 
 rest. God’s chosen people were favored that they might bless 
 others, and his dealings with Israel were exhibitions of his mission- 
 ary grace for all the world. 
 
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PSALM CXLVIII 
 THE ANTHEM OF NATURE AND OF GRACE 
 
 Theme: All the Universe is called upon to render praise to God. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Perhaps at the Rebuilding of Zion. 
 
 I. ETHEREAL PRAISE TO GOD. Ver. 1-6. 
 
 iv-Heavenly» Beings.“ Ver, 15° 2) °°" Angels... hosts’. . (ver. 2). The 
 range of this psalm is not to be overlooked. Commencing with the 
 heavens, the Psalmist sweeps down to the lowest deeps and back to 
 earth that he may encompass the universal praise of Jehovah. He 
 begins with the highest celestial beings, the angels, who with the stars 
 sang together when the world was born. The hosts, too, which in 
 that realm continually do cry, “ Holy, Holy, Holy.’ What music that 
 world above will furnish to ravish human ears! “What must it be 
 to be there.” 
 
 2. Heavenly Bodies. Ver. 3-6. “Sun and moon... stars” (ver. 3). The 
 stellar spaces resound with God’s praise. The sun and moon that 
 rule by day and by night, the stars, too, that burn their brightness 
 through the firmament! This is no mere poetry. The regions of 
 the sky echo jubilant praise. Can one think of greater volume, or 
 grander anthem? His was the creative power, his the sustaining 
 grace, his also the glory! In that world his will is done and none 
 e’er break his holy law. 
 
 II. EARTHLY PRAISE OF GOD. Ver. 7-14. 
 
 1. Matter. Ver. 7-9. “ Fire and hail, snow and vapors” (ver. 8). Then 
 the Psalmist returns to earth. He begins with the lowest on earth as 
 he commenced with the highest in heaven. This cooling planet on 
 which we live has some elements calculated to show forth praise. All 
 the way up from fruit-bearing trees or cedars of forest and glade to 
 sentient life, praise is forthcoming. 
 
 2. Man. Ver. 10-14. “ Young men and maidens, old men and children” 
 (ver. 12). Referring to animal life which serves man, he comes at last 
 to man himself. He should be foremost in praise, seeing all the 
 universe resounds with worship. Surely rulers who are God’s repre- 
 sentatives will praise him, also those who lead in the world’s affairs, 
 those who decide cases in court, youth and old age, man, woman, 
 child, all alike are under obligation to praise the God of the universe. 
 For his name is exalted and glorious. 
 
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PSALM CXLIX 
 A NEW SONG FOR THE NEW CREATION 
 
 Theme: Jubilant praise and exultant joy at the promise of God’s final judgment. 
 
 Occasion: Not known. Probably after the captivity. 
 
 I. EXHORTATION TO PRAISE. Ver.1-5. “Praise ye the Lord” 
 
 Cvere ly 
 
 1. Summons. Ver. 1-3. “ Let Israel rejoice” (ver. 2). God’s chosen people 
 
 were the happy recipients of new mercies, and as such were summoned 
 to praise God with a “new song.’ The captives had been scattered 
 in exile, but were now being brought back to Zion. Doubtless some 
 were already there and these were exhorted to praise and to rejoice 
 at the restoration. God had remade them and a new creation calls 
 for a new song. 
 
 2. Submission. Ver. 4, 5. “He will beautify the meek” (ver. 4). Every 
 
 form of expression was to be sacredly employed in order that they 
 might exhibit their joy and thanksgiving. But the chief duty of 
 God’s people under such circumstances should be to lament their 
 unworthy estate and to offer themselves in consecration and meekness, 
 that he might adorn them with beauty and grace. Then may they 
 sing indeed by night and by day. 
 
 II. ENCOURAGEMENT TO PROWESS. Ver. 6-9. “To execute ... the 
 
 judgments written” (ver. 9). 
 
 1. Conflict. Ver. 6. “A two-edged sword in their hand.’ There is no 
 
 need to stumble at the seeming imprecations here. The change is 
 abrupt and stern, it is true. But those who enlist in the service of 
 Jehovah should be warriors, set to contend and to protest against evil. 
 There is a moral equivalent for the heroisms of war furnished every 
 soul that would surrender to God for righteousness. Conflict against 
 evil is inevitable in a cause where we purpose that the right shall 
 triumph. 
 
 2. Conquest. Ver. 7-9. “To bind kings ... nobles” (ver. 8), In such a 
 
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 warfare it is promised we shall come out “more than conquerors.” 
 Nor may we forget that the judgment is “ written” which limits 
 the bounds of human vengeance. We have a ministry to perform as 
 God’s saints, an obligation to execute from which there is no escape. 
 The saints are to “judge the world,’ and some day to “reign with 
 him” who is to be the Judge. 
 
PSALM CL 
 THE GRAND FINALE OF PRAISE 
 
 Theme: This doxology of Psalms prophesies the issue of a godly life. 
 
 Occasion: 
 
 Unknown. 
 
 I. THE SPHERE OF PRAISE. Ver. 1. “Jn his sanctuary.” This glorious 
 
 close to the Psalter has in it a prophetic outlook and sweep. God is 
 to be triumphant, and the whole universe will render praise. The 
 place of God’s abode, the place “ where his honor dwelleth” is a fit 
 Temple for this invocation. His sanctuary is the spot where men 
 meet him face to face. For some it will be the House set apart, but 
 for others it must be the bed of the invalid—somewhere (and each 
 must decide where) there must be an inner shrine for him where 
 
 ° ¥. . ° 
 _ the world is crowded ott and it can become a sanctuary for praise. 
 
 II. THE 
 
 SUBJECTS OF PRAISE. Ver. 2. “ Mighty acts ... greatness.” 
 Many are the subjects of thanksgiving. We praise him for all he 
 has done for us, and for all he is to us. Under these two heads 
 may be gathered every conceivable theme for praise. To be 
 intelligent in our worship, we should sum up all his mercies and 
 recognizing the plenitude of his grace and power, then we may 
 well sing from the heart, “ Forget not all his benefits.” 
 
 III. THE SYMBOLS OF PRAISE. Ver. 3-5. “ Trumpets... harp” (ver. 3). 
 
 Why may we not count every musical instrument known to man as 
 
 a symbol of praise and claim it as an ally for our worship! It would 
 be well if we should employ them all, and that we rescue them from 
 the service of sin. Even the feet should be controlled for his 
 glory and not for paths that lead away from him. All that we are 
 and have should be in sympathy with him and at his disposal. Many a 
 skilled musician has learned that the highest and noblest music needs 
 as its theme praise to the Giver of all true melody and song. 
 
 IV. THE SUMMIT OF PRAISE. Ver. 6. “ Let everything that hath breath.” 
 
 When all this praise has reached its climax, it will be found that the 
 whole universe is vocal with God’s praise. The listening angels take 
 up the anthem and join with their immortal music and the Hallelujah 
 chorus of eternity has begun. “Praise ye the Lord.” 
 
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