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Tie Sahadhwie tl ait20 als Dehetap, =e sh Valhisasaeniitidarcity)shebanaienantions ets stole: Sate sete ae a S ee rf ee te eRe Pele mt Methealwentarckere hen rg Seok riaibhinatitencasonbs waranhe rere pth earn seatteate testis ethichv hd Up Qa beady Bed bo Sey ALIN Las HHL hth Vso Fhe a uN e othe be tah ea i Hits Saisie: oy ws : th Mivdenegrctehdiiemagitahaaninbabicark herent siehhaeaht acim Hadaee beach teen hee Oa Ate ea teA eh: uty Cubs tute naahebapebanehG * He xy y) LA ! 4 : 1 Tay M 1 he Ae "iy ao UN EVE Ro bTY OF “PENNS YEVAN LA THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS OF THE BABYLONIAN SECTION Vote Lil HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS BY v LEON LEGRAIN PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 1922 “. ‘ eh os PAGE HOS TELE) DA CLC ES Nii i ea RR ne Reich Pat oc 5-9 EHO POSER ONOLOGY Ni.) 6.3 ues tec . yete ie earth etn 11-13 Cities OneSUMERCANDSOAKKAD 7. + \.ctioes 2 ere uae 14 TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY Bem HM TRUNCISHEN Choneliees 2 J-25: scr, oes hailed aera 15-28 THE END OF THE THIRD UR Dynasty, IBI-SIN AND Espey iel Ubig TON Tek tee Pate) a6) jr emia etn ane sero 5 5 28-33 A SEAL GIVEN BY IBI-SIN TO THE HIGH PRIEST OF PEDO G. UINMD Bali 9 2 eke re aM ARTE use scent 34-41 I Sieoreeeem err omuNOte ss 1O))) oo. sy. ba vette 41-45 CLAY PAGAFROM SURUPPAK (No. 12)..+..... 02554 A7 SEAL IMPRESSION OF THE [IME OF GIMIL-SIN Dine Tee Gi aay 2 SS a CARN A a a Re 47-48 INSCRIPTIONS OF SARGON (No. 14, 15)........... 48-50 VOTIVE CONE OF ARAD-SIN (No. 18)........ Vee 5 lea Pika a GM haan Da N INO UN ING, 923) Si nciyec ec. hes 55-60 Bde, TGS TWO IN Oy, 29 0 ec pea A a a 60 ieee WOU Ame NOT OO)) sore on ot Se ked nod oe. 61 RUIN OF MAER ON A PRESARGONIC DATE (No. 27) 62-63 EAU Do Ue eVUA RAD sUINGA 201. Tei els can oc ek 63-04 Fee imme VOMUN NAT CINOS03 1p ane afore By ce oa eal 05 INCANTATION, RITUAL OF THE DEAD (No. 33).... 66 SUMERIAN LETTER ON FIELDS AND ORCHARDS US Tah SUR: Sho 0a gam plant iene eee aan eee en 67 INCANTATION BY THE BROKEN REED OF APSU UNG 200s cot Alton hae Pa an a ere 68 FRAGMENT OF THE CODE, SLAVES WAGES (NO. 39) 70 BEM EEL CIMES VAT UURLING .4fil:)/aocr sei liai nyc Seema eee 7i-7A BUILDING INSCRIPTION OF Duna (No. 42)....... 74-77 BUILDING INSCRIPTION (NARAM SIN, HAMAz1) PRO E, ALAS. ESE p to th Sra aE Re de ee 7T7-7O IiLURGY FOF *GA=GIBIL-SAG"( NOs 44). Se nee eee 78-80 SGU MM WORORMININGIL (NO 48) a6 (0. sacs cas ees ... 80-82 BRAloee ORM ELL-ISTAR: (INO. AQ) soca bees nt eens 82-83 (3) CONTENTS PAGE A LEASE FOR LAND, THE. 5TH YEAR AFTER THE CAPTURE} OF (ISIN (NOW 15 3 serra eee 84 RECEIPT FOR 4 SHEKELS SILVER, YEAR WHEN RIM- Sin OccupiED Dur-Damig-ILiSu (No. 54).... 85 SEMITIC: LETTER UNO. 55 Jick coe eens cnn 86 SIPPAR MERCENARIES (NG, -50J= senate thee eae 87 RESTORATION OF EBABBAR OF SIPPAR ON THE I8TH YEAR OF SAMSU-ILUNA~ (NOw'57)mere tee eee: 88-89 RULING OF OFFERINGS IN NiIpPUR TEMPLE BY HAM- MURABT GUNOI OL) vie oo aot ts LA nis s neaeepe 90-93 CASSITR LIST.OF INAMES (MU) ° UNOMO2) 2.0 eee 93 APPOINTMENT OF DIGNITARIES OF ENKI TEMPLE (N0.:66) Ace aa. Cans sete epee ae ee 95-90 FIELD PURCHASED BY HAMMURABI TO MAKE A CEMETERY-4.NOs407)ieauih 2 een ee ne ee 96 CASSITE “HISTORICAL! ZETIER™ (NG 0G) pss eee 97 HISTORICAL LETTER: CAMPAIGN OF NAZIMARUTTAS | CNet (0) en Mr eRe Aes SS 97-99 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, TIME OF KuUDUR-ENLIL (No. A Led 2 eh ails ae ae Pes lg Se 99-100 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, TIME OF SAGARAKTI SURIAS ONO: 7S See ths Se ae a ea 100 FIELD IRRIGATION, TIME OF SAGARAKTI SurRIAS CNG 6 eee cies Po te ee etry 6c 101-102 DATED ON IST YEAR OF NABU-SUM-UKIN-NU ON G70) FE a 2 ea ea es en 102 NippuR GoLtp TREASURE, 5TH YEAR OF NAZI- MARUTTAS (INO. 00) 20) cde aed oro eee eae 102-107 CYLINDER: OF 7SARGON “(NO.201 iw een 107 LEGAL DOCUMENT: IST YEAR OF ASSUR-ETILLUM- ILANT (NG582-83) Uo Ake) rReee oee 107 BUSINESS DOCUMENT: 42ND YEAR OF AR-TAH- KUR=SU: (NO SShyo ow act One cee Rr bes Week 12.5 eALOy INDEX::.OR-TABLECES eis? 25257 29 ae on ae ere 108 AUTOGRAPH SLE XT Sie cars oo eee ee eee PL. I-XX XIII MAP:—TuHE LANDS OF SUMER AND AKKAD.. (4) INTRODUCTION Reconstructing ancient history in Babylonia before B.C. 2000 up to 4000, and even to the kings after the flood, has become possible, thanks to the material provided by the Nippur exca- vations. A summary classification of unpublished tablets in the Museum collections has led to the discovery of fragments of historical import. They have been collected in the present volume. Prominent among them are: the chronological frag- ments, the portrait of King Ibi-Sin, and his official despatches at the time of the revolt of Isbi-irra, the founder of the Isin dynasty. They will be studied in turn along with less important, or comparatively more recent, fragments of the Cassite and Neo- Babylonian period. Due allowance should be made for further corrections to difficult Sumerian texts of damaged fragments. The main enlightening fact is that we gain a sure footing for more than two thousand years of history before the founda- tion of the first Babylonian empire—the empire of Hammurabi, when Abraham was a citizen of Ur in Chaldaza—a fact that brings the early Babylonian to the level of, if not before, the Egyptian chronology. Indeed it was not a Babylonian, but a Sumero-Akkadian chronology. And the problem of origins is furthermore complicated with a racial problem. Among the 11 royal cities that had in turn the honor of governing the land between the actual region of Bagdad and the sea, some like Kis, Upi, Akkad (Maer, Isin), belong to Akkadians a Semitic race; some like Uruk, Ur, Adab (Hamazi, Larsa), to a non- Semitic race: the Sumerians. The first known kingdom was the Semitic kingdom of Kis. But all civilization, art, religion looked toward the Sumerian south as its cradle. The Sumerian land that extended for about 150 miles from Nippur to Eridu on the sea was the land of origins. The creation of the world was (5) 6 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION the work of Ea the god of Eridu. At the same place the Sume- rians were taught the art of writing by the fish-god—the Oannes of the Greek tradition. The hero of the flood lived in Suruppak, and Gilgame’ was king of Uruk. The great god of heaven, Anu, was worshiped in the same city. Enlil, the lord of all countries, was enthroned in his temple-mountain at Nippur. The religious tradition of the land hung between those two poles, Eridu and Nippur. The moon god of Ur, the regulator of times, was only the son of Enlil, and the sun god of Larsa was in turn the son of the moon god of Ur. Most remarkably Eridu and Nippur were only shrines and never capital of the kingdom. We may complete the picture of Sumer by noting that the kings of Ur were Sumerians—Ibi-Sin reproaching Isbi-irra for not being of Sumerian race—and that toward the same time! at Nippur three-fifths of the inhabitants were Sumerian, and two-fifths Semite. | When the whole land of Sumer and Akkad was united, and Babylon was a new capital for a new race, the religious signifi- cance of Sumer survived, and dead Sumerian language was used exclusively for all sort of religious compositions and records. Previous to the “usurpations” of Marduk of Babylon, and his satellite Nabu, the Semite Akkadians could boast only a great sanctuary of the sun god of Sippar. Sippar seems to have been the early center of Akkadian influence. The city gave its proper name to the Euphrates, which was known as the river of Sippar to the Sumerians. All the cities of KiS, Upi, Babylon are located in the same region. South of Nippur began Sumer, or later on the kingdom of the sea. Among so many questions connected with the early settle- ment and religious influence of the Sumerians we will single out only two, and give them only a provisional answer. How are we to understand the high number of years of the first kings recorded by chronology? Was Nippur on the Euphrates or on the Tiger? 1 See proper names in Drehem tablets. LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS fi The moon was the first regulator of time. Twelve lunar months formed a cycle or short year. And only the necessity to keep in touch with a regular course of seasons, forced to double one month, and add an extra 13th month every second or third year.! This confirms the priority of the moon god Sin, on the sun god Babbar. To the last time of the Sumerian kingdoms we know that religious ceremonies used to attend the rising of the new moon, the time of the full moon, the time of its dis- appearance. There were shrines—like the temple of Tiras in Lagas—specially consecrated to that purpose. Other chapels were called: house of the new moon and of the 15th of the moon. No computation could ever supersede that reappearance of the moon at intervals of 29 or 30 days. It was the only fixed rule. The names of the months in keeping with the seasons, the place of the 13th month was a matter of free speculation and varied from one city to another. As far back as 2300 B.C., we know at the same time 4 different calendars in the cities of Lagas, Umma, Nippur and Drehem. The Sumerian name of the monthly period of time is: bal.2 Later on we find that pali is a fixed period, the length of a reign, used also for one (solar) year of the reign. But the length of a palf is a secondary idea. The first meaning is: a fixed period of time. In Sumerian times the pal# was a lunar month. Archeology can help us a little farther on. The sign bal, palit, is the picture and has the mean- ing of a weapon, a long lance driven into the ground.’ The shaft is ornamented with cross lines representing a hilt or side buckle. The same lance in the same position is a well-known symbol on early seal cylinders. It may figure in the hands of GilgameS and Eabani, in connection with the sun god, and often surmounted by a star or a crescent. Now the very ideogram of the new moon: the brilliant Nannar, is no other than the same 1Cf. Le temps des rois d’Ur, p. 14-15: six extra months in 16 years. Space of time: bal, ibid., p. 7-9. 2 Cf. bal-gub-ba in lists of accounts. 3 Cf. the palus of the Latins. 8 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION lance driven into the ground (Ses-kz).1_ Had the Sumerian the habit of driving a lance into the ground for each new moonr? In fact the dating of the oldest tablets—from Suruppak—is not by solar year (mu-an-na), but by periods: bal, that may very well be lunar months. A more recent expression is still vague: ud-ba: “in the days of . . .”’. Why should we not consider the figures of the first kings as so many periods of lunar months of 2914 days? The second dynasty of KiS, reduced that way, gives instead of 3792 (bal), a theoretical number of 278 sun-years. Was Nippur on the bank of the Euphrates or the Tiger? The question has been considered as settled. Was not Surippak a city south of Nippur on the Euphrates? Do not the texts of the ““Murashu sons’? at the time of the Persian kings mention the river of Sippar to Nippur? That is true, but they mention also the old Tiger (Diglat labiri). The texts of the Cassite* period know the Tiger of the god Enlil (™ Diglat ¢ En-lil *), the Tiger of Nippur. King Rim-Sin digs down to the sea, the Tiger, the river of the gods, meaning probably the great sanc- tuaries. King Sin-idinnam,°® of Larsa, states expressly that he dug the Tiger to water his land and city. The earliest testimony is supplied by Gudea® of Lagas: “in Nippur the water of the Tiger did not rise any more.’ Whether the Tiger itself or a large canal derived from it passed across Nippur, it seems, any- how, that in Sumerian time the larger connection and the main stream were derived from the Tiger, without excluding con- nection with the Euphrates along the river of Sippar. That is why we attempted on the reconstruction map in this volume to identify the old Tigris with possibly the Habl-es-Sachr. The bearing of this old line of communication on the first Sumerian 1Cf. Urigallu. 2 Their word for year: mu-an-na “‘the celestial name” is the picture of an arrow, sharp point down. *BEAEX SR. *BESAVIL 5 SAK. p. 208, 210. ‘Cyl Al 1,97 XX VIEL; 433 LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 9) settlement may be considerable. Despite all the reed shrines (é-gi-par; gi-gunu) they would build in the “eden” the new conquered lowland, the Sumerians would still remember the early shrine of Enlil dwelling on the top of the mountain. And their land, religion, civilization expanded between those two landmarks: the zzggurrat of Nippur, and the absu (temple- abyss) of Eridu. Two tables, one of the Nippur chronology, the other a geographical list, are here appended, as a short way of summing up the new data. Bee is May, 192! Be ar ovants « 7 i » Ae Nippur Chronology * mings , L ]-um-e. ii J-an-l a [ ]-bu-um. [ Us - ] bai?) if ]-Labba. Galu-mu-um Ar-pi Etana (sib) Wa-li- x En-me-nun-na a Me-lam- kis -(t)-ki y Bar-sal-nun-na Mes-za-mug “| E,n-gis - UL FE.n-me-dur-mes-e (?) i j-Za En-me-bara-gi-Su (2) Li: Ag Uruk. 1 Mes-ki-in-ga-se-ir En-me-ir-kar : Lugal-banda 4 Dumu-zi (Su-ha+g) 4 Gis-bil-ga-mes | 1- lugal Ur. 1 Mes-an-ni -pad- da Mes -ki-8p-nun-na E-lu-lu. Ba-lu-lu. Awan 23 . I Uy. ue) Years. Total of: ( CBS. 14223 ) A Kis Tel J 5 Uruk | 22 Ra-la-gi-nanu-Lum]f| 3. Ur Na-an-gis-li-i$-ma 1 Awan I Hamazi I Adab ee) J00 | 1 Mari peaskest! 900 1 Upi 99 (2252) 840 1 Agade 720 I Guti 6 35 I Isin Ato a 61! pe ees 900 Royal cifies: i 1200 ‘To Enlil-bani [Te Damig-ili3u 900 625 I8000.. 325 420 200 100 126 al AG ee 80 30 25 : 36 Suruppak [71 Dada Haladda Urninpa ees Kanizi 856 Masg-Suruppa Ur-nin-kurra. 108 me Kis Lagas Umma. Utyu Pp: senof Ba~zu-2u Lu al-Sap-engur.p. Suru-us-gi . p. Mesjlfm Kk. Badu k. Ur-zap-e k. En-hegal k. Reals ema Ls USI" f j Gursar 7 3792 (0)! Lugal-tar-si_ k. Gunidu E.-abzu. k. hes aa Alezuct?) Uinchinantek ees ps B. Oulside the main lot, hing (k) palesia ip, have been classed 0: onstrucled ona eorelical eslimale of Kis 1: 279 (dun 4), Ke Ize, Urick I:t10 Marc :59 Kis M:166, Gull: 124, U Akurgal E-an-na-tum (785.2 p: Th En-temena ? uy UKus En-an-na-fum" p, a coximalel, oc notaball. — Years y: | | 129) K-annatunt Pk. Ein-akalli, Ert-an-na-turn p. Ur-lumma.k. P: » Pp. BC. C Uruk. J 8350 Adab 3240 |__| Lugal-an-ni-mu-un-du} 90_ Mari 3150 An-sir : t L ]-g1 Upi 8091 Un-zt. P Un-da-lu-lu Bias Ba- -Sa° Sahan 2992 Ba-Sa¢En-zu . + Ur Za-ma-ma ¥ 6 or [20.. Zi-mu-dar 30 U-zi-wa-dar sy mu- -Ci ul 'Samag Hs Me -ni-ia-ah Uruk. Tl. 9,726 Lugal-zag-gi-si ; Agade £701 Sar-ru-Ki-in 2646 Ri-mvu-vus u 2631) |Mani-is-te-su } 2624 Na-ra-arn ' Sin Ae Sap- -Qa- nis Sar- ry Menu- cum 3arru Manvu-um la darru I - -gi “gl sarru l-rm Sarru Na-ni Sarru E-lu-lu $arru 9540 Du-du 2519 Su -qar -kib Uruk. lv 2504 a ms as eee -ginar \ By: Sa - int Ur 4 Utu 166 (199 °) Lagas Umma Ene-tar-zi pp. En-nalum En-li-tar-zi 1P a Lugal-an-da” p, Lugalzaggi-si En-pil-sa J P- | Urukagina Kur-Ses Ur babbar p. Ames Lugal-usumgal p. Mesi | Adab Une Ps Lugal- eat Eisar-lugal-ca-lu Lugal-bur p. Ga us: -babbar , Esar-me-igi-[ ] BaSa-ma-ma p- La? Sara Mari Ur-mama_ p. Mes- =é [ ]- Samas (BM. 99828)) Ug-rne Pp WA Magan Upi Nippur Mannu-dann Enlil zi Lugal-sur-zu Barahsu | Aba-a -ga-mas Kazalla/u Kastubilas Basime A-bi-la-Sa ilsvrabti, p. Gimil-mama Ibalum , p. Basa-mama Jah zar-ili Marad Bada Nosueda Libetilt. A irak Ligalum D- Ris-Hadad Tu-bu-k Na- bis mas. : Uruk -Ur- Sumer | Luoal-za gisi. | Lugal- -ki- ‘gub- ni-du ie k. Pos Lugal- -kfsal-st k. Ahvma Agade En- “Sag- kuS-an-na Bin-oa-ar- parr, Sabum Da-f- Enlil Ka- -azZag. kof Ur. Abummisar. Abumilu | Gimil-sin-bani Ss ( Scheil) (CBS.14220) Enbi-istar Arad ‘Nanna gan ] |[Ma-nu-um[ Sae-ru-ki-} in | I-97 gi 1 |Ma-nu-vm laL Rt -mu-us A Simany | J-mi-ilu In-dt -[ Ma-ni-is-te- Sv, AbuSam Na-nv-um- Sarru| Ya-nvu-L Me-sa-lim I-lu-ly = Sarru| I-f Marhas — Ursag- -pakabdu Libanuk-Saba Hursitu Asnunak Ur-mes (Asiru) puhia Kallamu Ganhar Ituria Urura Kisari Mal v Cibillama Dungi-zi-mu Ibig : far Kutha 8 Kimas+Made Gudea Tupa Hunnini Dungi: -babbar Namzitarra Amur-sin x Ur-pa-sag Sead Der Adamdun Urtu Anvu-muvtabbil Kisurra Ba-a Ur-sin | Idin- ilu, p Nagidda Loulubi Itur- hg Urgisginar Hamasi Anv-banini P Bat es ras pe baa Ur-adad Satuni j Adab i ba-a Arad“ Nannar . cane ule Iskun-Sin — J Daburum I-sim] ]gi-ra HaShammer CSlv2Utu 4 Lu-bal-5ag-9a i ]-wa-gar Ce Pa ay i oe Guti Im-bi-a eg 5 Duplias tos Pus i Ur-nin in: su Unie d ee caatea ge: -ba 6 ee pee zi-da ao. ug. ek “ga- -rum [33] Ba pel zt : Bel-aku Hisima , : Gvtt ; vars BaSa-"Susinak ar-a-li-gubi-stin (RA. 1912 uO rca Leet L eer Sarlak eas pe de dadu I P a Lasirab Du-dy-ni Dan-rubu-ratir bi 1-bi one noble son of the great mount gorgeous 4Sy-zi-an-na dam ban-da [ ] Suzianna, the companion of [Enlil], dit-sag-a$ Suba-é ne-in-gub bar za-gin _ Dusaga8, splendor arising in the tem- [ne-1n-gar]| ple, the shrine established as a jewel. 1 Gud. Cyl. B. XIII, 23. 2 Yale Syll., No. 288 (YOS. 1). 3 Zimu, nd-Suba : abam nisigtt. 4 bulalu, Br. 11804. 5 hunnubu, V R. 19, 8 a. —eEeeEEeEEeEeEeEeEEeeeEeee eee oe LEON LEGRAIN-——HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS to lal 1 é ¢Su-zi-an-na-ge Kés** en sig-alam' [ 2] mus Sa(g)-tur® gal-dim im-ri‘ [ é *Nin-bar-sag-ka ki-str-ra [ | Kés** Aratta™ $a(g)-7u Sa(g)-sig tur® Sab-il [ —— 43 9 temples of Suzianna. KeS lord of figures’... .. Serpent great builder of embryos, TMOIst, clay see temple of Nin-harsag, inclosure .... KeS, Aratta, increasing, decreasing, raising® the yard like a vase ... ug-gal 4Edin-na he-gal da-dii|® | great lion of Edin, overgrown abun- dance... bar-sag-gal ka+-x?+ka+x-ta [ | great mount, from the...... Sa(g) ¢mes(?) Su(?)-an-| ] inside Marduk (?)...... REVERSE I] | é-sag-ni-r1(?)-7u a-dam-ma® mulu? Sar ga-nun temen “Dun-gi mi-ni-ib-gal ga-nun-na [ |-Su-ul mab-di° im-gal Sub kalam ; gal-la gi-ni du(g)-an-7u nam-tar-ri-ne é-bar-sag “Dun-gi-an-na-ge Suba-é ne-in-gub bar za-gin ne-in-gar 14 dab-bu é-bar-sag “Dun-gi uri**ma ab-ta Se-dim ma-ra uru-ki ... .....dugud Sa(g)-ta me Su-ti thy chief... temple, troops of animals great store foundation of Dungi, great . of the great store, oe perfect, exalted (hero), south wind, ruining the great land, steady is thy divine command fixing destinies. _ | temple mount of the divine Dungi splendor arising in the temple, shrine established as a jewel. 14 additions to the temple mount of Dungi in Ur. city. . .out of which, like grain poured in boat heavy out of which commands are received oee ee 1 Bunnanu, nabnitu, Br. 7020, 7021: production of statues or of living beings. * Perhaps: si-sd : muSteSirat nabnitu. 3 Sassuru, Saturru, Br. 8010, 8011: foetus. 4 Im-ri-a : rusumtu. 5 Nasa : filling. 6 Harasu, V R. 18 c—-d 9-18: Sa alpi, $a iméri, $a Sabi, $a amiéli, $a gani. 7 Ka+%e (tukur) or ka+sar or kat+tu? 8 Namassu bulu, V R. 30, 24 g. 9 Tizgaru, Br. 1056, or torrent : naballu, Br. 1057. 44 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION Bair, seers temen uni-gi-7U in a ee foundation, thy firm sanctuary, Rk ka? Su-gi ti-e dm ma-da _.... ancient, being the wonder of the land, [ ] gal 7 si? sig-nim-ta Su-mu- —.... . . great 7 horns, from top to bottom ni-1n-sare-ra spending blessings [ ] 2Silig-mulu-sar ¢.. .kal thee Mi rcuikeent 2 oe Rev., Col. 1, was a list of the temples, or names of temples of Nin-harsag or Nin-tud, the mother of the people, the goddess of all fecundity who moulded and created the living creature (bunnanu nabintu), as a sculptor would mould and shape a statue (alam). She was called the great lady (Nin-mab), and her temple in KéS, was called after her the great temple (é-map). From Eannatum! down to Hammurabi,°® her temple was famous. Her shrine’ name (dit-sag-ba) resembles very closely the name of Nippur ziggurat (di-sag-a¥). | Hammurabi restored her enclosures, and provided a rich food endowment. She had a temple in Girsu? and in Umma,* and was worshiped in Susa.° Rim-Sin the Elamite king reigning in Uruk and Larsa was . proclaimed legitimate ruler of Sumer in the temple of Kes, the temple of the great lady (Nin-mab), the foundation raised to heaven (temen-an-ki-bi-da). That great event was recorded in the list of years of the reign. | KeS and Aratta are mentioned in connection with the cult of Nin-harsag as being true symbols of purity. In the temple of Ningirsu, the veil hanging (? sa-lal)!! was pure like KeS and 1 Maskanu, SAK. p. 214 d. 2 Cf. é-pa é-ub-imin-na-ni, Gud. St. D. II, 11-12. ® Su-sar : karabu. . 4 Stela of Vultures: IV, 12; XVIII, 5. 5 Code, ILI, 30-35. 6 Stela of Vultures, XVIII, 4. T Gud, Sty 8 Galu-babbar, SAK. p. 150. ° Baxa-Suxinak, Stela lV, 10. SA Kiera es 7 er Mt Gud-“CylcAvn aw Tia. LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 45 Aratta. Gudea had a statue of himself carved and placed in the temple of Nin-harsag. His offerings mentioned in the inscription’ consisted in a pure basin (dub-pisdn-azag-ga) and a throne (g75 dur-gar mah nam-nin-ka-ni) of majesty. In later stone reliefs, specially on the kudurrus or boundary stones of the Cassite period, her emblem is a lock of hair or wig.2 But this identification is not quite certain. In several instances that W-shaped symbol is upside down,? and in one case is resting on a knife.4 | Nin-harsag is mother of gods*> and men. One name of her _ temple is: lion of the goddess Edin. This is another name of the goddess Eru’a, Er-ia; or Seru’a, the companion of Marduk, goddess of fecundity (bélit nabndati, muballidat),® under the name of Zarpanitum. ila. UB Sx 11339 Fragment of legend or history, which seems to refer to the priest (ez) of Aratta. His words or orders are reported. Aratta is mentioned in Gudea texts along with Ke’. The writing of the name comes very close to that of Suruppak the legendary city of Gilgame§ and of the flood. Is kin-gi-a the name of the priest of Aratta or a common name for order (takaltu, taklimtum, urtum)? The text numbered 57 lines, was written on a two- columns tablet, and must have been copied several times: OBVERSE II Aar-sag gal-gal im-ma-dib-a the great mountain, which he reaches, sahar-ra bu-mu-na-da-nigin-e may be all surrounded with dust. kin-gi-a en Aratta™ ge Kin-gia, the priest of Aratta, u-na-a-du(g) u-ne-ne-dah commanded (and) added, 1 Gud. St. A, II, 1-5. *W. J. HInKE, Boundary Stone, fig. 87, 12'®, 318, 14°, 48. A symbol of virginity according to ‘Dr. J. B. Nigs. $ Ibid., fig. 304, 47°, 49°, 44°. 4 fbtd:, fig: 117. Mista sat. Lit; oO, ‘ ®Chron. P. J, 5; LEHMANN, Sama$-S-ukin, Il, p. 36-37; W. J. Hinxr, Boundary Stone, Pp. 222. THUREAU-DANGIN, Lettres et Contrats, p. 60. 40 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION uru-ni kaskal-musen'-dun é-b1-ta his city, like the wandering bird, out na-an-na-ra-ab-ri(?)-en of its nest, may he not attain muken-dim t-ki-si(g)-ga? u3-sa-ta...[ like the bird out of its nest ... malba’-gal-la-dim nam-| as one become adversary ... urn gul-gul-la-dim | as a‘ruined city >. Arata | Arattaw ae NOs rom BoeL5 20 Neo-Babylonian building inscription. Fragment of an octagonal prism. NoSti eGR oe14235 Letter or historical record at the time of the 1st dynasty of Babylon. The fragment belongs to a large three column tablet. Only part of Obv. I] is preserved. OBVERSE II un-ne |.. rie i-li-tk gi a-pi .. | he went .... a-‘ar si-bu-(?)tim ub-ba-tum .. in the place of desire, a fence ..? mer(?)-si-a‘ i-sa-bat i-na pa-ni Sar- i... . . he holds in front of the king ri-1m f-sik-ma a-na me-sig-im> ti-la-ba-ak® _ he pressed and forced into a ring Sa....mi-ma i a-wi-lum a-di la i-na-bu and so long the man does not cease, u-sur 1-ra-as-S1 mi-1m-ma be watchful, he has everything, ma-an-nu-um mi-nam a-na-ti $a-nim nobody should give him any of those 1-na-an-d1-15-5u things again. $a Sa-di-i i-te-ni-ti-ku(?) im(?)-ma- Now the mountains which happen to ni-15 be desert (?) Sa la i-Su-t Sar-ra-am u Sar-ra-tam which have no king or queen whatever be-ru-Su ma-an-nu-um among them, Su-u-ma Su-u-ma mu-su(?)-ra.... this and the next portion(?)... Ree er ME ae ae ee ee ee ee eee 1 LeGRAIN, Le temps des rois d’Ur, p. 21, Nn. 3. 2 Ginnu, Br. 6077. § Mabiru, Br. 9803. 4 Or dit-s1-a? > Mesukku, mezugga? 6 Labaku, read: dur=rakdsu? —s. ee nee LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 47 No. 12: CBS. 7095 Clay tag attached probably to a basket of official records or legal documents brought from Suruppak (Fara) some 33 miles south from Nippur. The writing belongs to an early Sargon period. Suruppak the native city of Gilgame§ is seldom mentioned in later texts. The expression: ‘‘im-sar’’ written tablet, is found only in a few legal deeds! of the same time and character. Ga-dub-ba, keeper of the tablet basket, is the proper name of the archivist, who was commonly a scribe. ga-dub tablet basket im-sar of clay records dar-bu-bu which Darbubu ln ur-Sa(g)-ga ge the man of UrSagga Suruppak™ ta has brought mu-gub (?) from Suruppak. The name of the messenger Darbubu, may be read Dar- sir-sir, just as the temple of the goddess Bau: E sil-sir-sir,? might be read Dar-sir-sir. This ought to help toward a better understanding of the name. The only patesi of Suruppak so far known is Urninkurra. INOW LS ees Old I Business document of the time of the Ur dynasty, in the 1st year of King Gimil-Sin. A great interest is attached to the seal impression. It is another rare figure of a seated god with- out a beard. By what we know of Ibi-Sin (No. 5, CBS. 12570), this must be intended as a portrait of the deified king of Ur. Gimil-Sin was the father of Ibi-Sin, and reigned only seven years. The name of the owner of the seal seems to confirm the 1 Im-sar-a-bi, ki En*Nina-ka-ta im-ma-gub (Di-til-la), MIO. Tello, No. 4191; Ga im-sar gdl-la, RTC. No. 304, f. III, 11. Im-sar-ra-e, AO. 5477, r. 5 (RA. VIII, p. 139, 140, n. 4.) CTA VIb US ar 2 At the time of Gudea . Called the place of oracles, Gud. Cyl. A, XXVI, 9. 48 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION theory. It reads as a prayer or invocation to the deified king, a new moon god, the light of his land: " Gimil *' Sin nu-ur ma-ti-15-7u arad Gu-7a-na. He is led by his own personal goddess in front of the enthroned king god, who receives his prayers. The small cup or ampulla seems to materialize the offering. The standing goddess leading the worshiper wears a long plaited robe and the proper headgear of Sumerian gods, a high mitre adorned with several pairs of horns. It is remarkable that seated god and worshiper have the same simple fringed garment or shawl. The only difference between them is the turban of the seated king god and the shaven and nude head of his standing servant. The note reads as follows: 1% ma-na ku-babbar 114 maneh of silver sig-bi 20 gun its wool (worth) is 20 talents ki Ur 4da-mu ta from Ur-damu, Gimil * Sin nu-ur ma-ti-1f Gimil-Sin nur matiSu Su-ba-ti has received. igi Lu-Sa(g)-ga lu-Sul-7] witness: Lu Sagga the barber, igi Lugal “Nin-gir-su. witness: Lugal-ningirsu. itu mas-di ku month of Mas-du ku, mu “'I-bi “ Sin lugal year when Ibi-Sin was king. 14 silver maneh is equal to 80 shekels, which gives us a price of 4 shekels the talent of wool. A talent weighs: 24 k. 240 gr., and a shekel: 6 gr. 733 mgr. The proportion of silver to wool was almost exactly 1/900 at the time of Gimil-Sin. Nos14. "GBS, 14225 This broken unbaked clay tablet is a rough copy of the inscription of Sargani-Sarri on the diorite door socket from Nippur preserved in the Museum.! Unfortunately the top is 1OBI., No. 2. CBS. 8751. LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 49 missing, where we could expect to find Da-ti Enlil mentioned as the father of Sargani-Sarri. The new list of kings makes of him a son of Naram-Sin. Sar akkadim** king of Akkad ut and of ba-u%-la-ti the kingdom ("| en-lil of Enlil; [ba]-dim builder of [é]-kur ekur, [é]"" en-lil the temple of Enlil in Nippurim™ at Nippur [Sa] duppam [sa]-a Whoever shall change this [u]-sa-za-ku-ni tablet, i En-lil may Enlil u and iu Samak Samas [25dél-su [destroy] his foundation and ruin eda. {his posterity]. The end of the tablet shows clearly that the length of the broken portion must not exceed 2 or 3 lines. The actual men- tion of Dati Enlil would require more room and seems doubtful. ING) Te Choe eby, Historical fragment. King Sargon (Sar-ru-gi), founder of the dynasty and city of Agade, is quoted as having received the kingdom from Enlil. A short note concerning the temple of Nippur confirms the result of the excavations, viz., that it was adjoining the quay, or more properly the great boats of the quay. OBVERSE | Sag-ki-gid-da' “En-lil-la ge The splendor of Enlil, ‘na’ru, nikilmi, Br. 3650, 3051: Aspect showing at a long distance. 50 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION Kis** gu(d)-an-na-dim i im-u(g)-ga-ta_ is like KiS the heavenly bull towering above the dust of the dead; é ki unti®* gu(d)-mab-dim sabar-ra __ the temple is like Uruk the great bull mi-ni-1b-gaz-ne (?) treading down the earth, [ }-bi Sar-ru-gi lugal a-ga-dé*' ra ..... unto Sargon, king of Akkad [ J-elam 34 ¢En-lil-li ==. towards Elam, Enlil, [ ] nam-lugal mu-na-an-sum-ma-ta ..... the kingdom, since he has given unto him, [ al-ga-de™ e(?) dingir-ri .... soe AkKadje 7 Ol.the;codsens REVERSE II [ | kar-ra. .[ [ |-bz e dim [ Bar| [ |-b2-20' dim selina eee eae dub-b1 de tuk | nig-ga uru bul-a {dim ’ like the goods of a ruined city ..... é-e ma-gal-gal kar-ri | the temple to the great boats of the MCU eee ee é ¢En-lil-lé ge md-gal-gal kar-ri the temple of Enlil, to the great boats ba-an-us of the quay is adjoining. The tablet had two columns on the obv. and two on the rev. Nori74 CBSi4226 Fragment of a religious historical hymn(?). Sippar, Sumer and Akkad are mentioned on the obverse. REVERSE uru im-gul-la-as bad | in the city, the devastating wind, the walle. 4 uru-ki nt1-st | the city +... numun 71(d) sag-lul-la dui(g) [| pure seed, head of destruction .... Su-bal mi-ni-ib-ag(?) [ achieving a complete inimity ... ln Su-bi-tak-ki' ni-ag [ who a perfect adorning ... sag ni-sal-sal*-e | anointing the head ... a a rea a ee fn AE i eee 1 lapatu, 7u’unu. _ *sal ... d&(g), Gud. Cyl. A, VI; sal ba-ni-ib-e-ne, Gud. Cyl. A, XXII. Perhaps: kunnt, taknitu. LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 51 d-gi(g)-ba' im-a igi-mu-ni-ib-bir?(?) [ At evening he clouds the eyes in dark- | ness 1g1-lul> ni-ag-[ a ruin of the eyes, he causes .. : ki-na(d) dur-gar kalag-ga x i-li ne-in-[ the bed, the resting place of Virility and vigor is .... uru-kt im-nigi(n) ne-[ thecity, thewindsalltogetherare.... ]-ne Su-ne-ne ba-di-ni Xa (2) Pe their hands, his founding, in the ni-ag-[ battle ... [ |-mu-tim mé-ki me-Sii-tag-ga .... brought, in the battle, may the ba-ba-ab-[ leader .. [ ] 4en-lil-ld-ge be-ne-ib-[ tis... of Enlil, may he ... [ ]-lum-bi-5% ba-[ a Oecd eee EASE RTD he ETDS ESI we SO OR Ce AO ts ee Aner ee ee No. 18. CBS. 14181 VOTIVE CONE OF ARAD-SIN The present cone is a duplicate of the cone published by PeeeGLAYatnny OS. 1, No. 31. + It was acquired from dealers in New York, and originates from Uruk (Warka). It has several variants, which prove that the scribes were dealing freely with the text. 1 *Ninni : To Innina, nin ni-gal ghr-ru the great awe inspiring lady, 151b Sar-ra tab-ba interpreter of the twin universe,‘ dumu-gal “En-7u-na eldest daughter of Sin, 5 nin-a-ni-ir his lady, warad * Sin - Arad-Sin nun Se-ga Nibru** the favorite prince of Nippur, t-a uri*®* ma providing to the wants of Ur, sag-li-tar gir-su** care taking of Girsu 1LecRAIN, Le temps des rois d’Ur, p. 42. Cf. tamba, tambata, and stela of BaSa¥u3inak, "AK. p. 178 d, II, 19. * adaru, Br. 9371. Paldsu, Br. 8499. 3 Sarru, SagaStu. * Etillit Samé u irsitim. Cf. Lugalzaggisi, OBI. 87, 1, 6: i$ib-an-na— and *Nin-Subur, i$ib *g-ga an-kt (or an-na?), Coll. de Clercq, No. 255. 52 10 15 20 2) UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION ki lagas* a é-babbar-da ni-te(g)-ga lugal arar** ma lugal ki-en-gi ki-urt dun a-ag-ga ur-tr' gis-bar Su-du-du* é-dingir-ri-e-ne Su-gibil ne-in-ag urudu-alam-gal-gal mu-pa(d)-da nam-lugal-la-ka-na gal-bi ne-in-lab-ga uru Sub-Sub-ba-bt bdd-bi mu-dit-a ma-da damal-la-na uku-ne ha-ne-in-dir-a ni-tuk $a(g)-ka-gal erin Su-a-gi-gi-a me-en. gis-tig-pi damal kin-da-ri dim-me-ne dF n-ki-ge ma-an-sum-ma nam-bi-sn 4Ninnt nin-ma ka Sa(g)-5a(g)*-gi-da-ma é ni-tug-na ki-dur im-dub-bu4 Sa(g)-bul-la-ka-ni 1g1-du-u-ne Sa(g)-b1 keS(da)-si(g) diri(g) ud-b1-da-ka é Su-si(g)-ga-b1° u-mu-damal ud-ul-su nam-mu-su hu-mu-dit in the city of Lagas, worshiping in the temple of Babbar, king of Larsa, king of Sumer and Akkad, the noble collector of oracles who achieved the inclosure; restored the temple of the gods; let enormous copper statues named after his majesty be brought along in great style; restoring the wall of the ruined city; in her large land in order that people might settle down, the terrible overthrower I] who repels the enemy, am I. Having received from Ea, a wide understanding to accomplish lasting works, in accord with the order of Innina my lady, and my own prayers, her awe inspiring shrine, dwelling of peaceful rest, where her heart rejoices, a wonder for the eyes, inside | fully adjusted, (and) more than in former days, the surrounding temple I enlarged. For future days, to my fame | did build. ki-dur ki-dg-ga-nt. il 4 A - v . . . . 1" Star ... béltt Surbutu, bhamemat paras “4numtu, and: Ninni, nin an-ki ge, . Rim-Sin (SAK. p. 218, d) é d-dg-ga-kili(b) uir-tir. 4 A-dg-ga: taklimtu, tértu. .. € me-tr-ur, 2 MuSaklil usurati. Cf. Cyl. of Sargon, YOS. I, No. 38, Col. II, 6: usteSira usurdtt. 3 Suppu, téméqu, Br. 719, 720. 4 Pasdbu, nibtu, Br. 8457, 8458. 5 Rim-Sin (SAK. p. 218, d): é Su-si(g)-ga-bi. ee ee ee — +) thera a ok LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 53 sag-bi mu-ni-il Its head | reared high, har-sag-dim hu-mu-sar like a mountain | did raise. n1g-ag-ag-da-ne-e-5u Upon all these doings 20 4Ninni nin-mu may Innana, my lady ba-mu-Si-hul rejoice. ud-gid-du mu-be-gal-la Length of days, abundance of years, as-te subus-gi-na a throne firmly established, pa uku gam-gam a scepter subduing the people 25 sag-e ha-ma-ni-in-pa-tug-du may she as a gift bestow upon me. The power of Arad-Sin did not extend beyond Nippur, Ur, Lagas and Larsa. The still-existing kingdom of Isin must be located north of Nippur, next to the more recent kingdom of Babylon. Innina, the lady of Uruk, the eldest daughter of Sin, had a shrine of her own! within the great temple complex of Uruk é-an-na. She is distinct from Na-na-a, another personification of the brilliant starry heaven, queen of Uruk, whose shrine was named? é hi-li-an-na. Innina and Babbar are daughter and son of the moon god Sin, whereas Nan4@ is only daughter of Anu.’ Another daughter of Anu: “Nin-in-si-na emphasizes the character of creatrice of life and mother of the land. She may be identical to Nana, but her temple bore the significant name of “temple of the plant of life.’’® ‘Nin-an-sf-an-na® is another name of Innina, who was worshiped outside of Uruk, in Hallab? under the name of Ninni Zababu"™, eldest daughter of the moon god. Whatever may have been the position and importance of Anu, the father of the gods,’ as founder of the main temple of Uruk: é-an-na, the leading réle very soon was claimed by Innina 1 é-nir-gal-an-na, Esarhaddon, YOS. I, No. 41. 2 YOS. I, No. 40: bit papah “Nand. 3 Nin 1-li Se-ir-ka an-di; dumu 7i-li an-gal-la. Inscriptions of Rim-Sin. 4 Nin-gal, ama kalama, 71-gdl kalam dim-dim-me; Arad-Sin, stone tablet. 5 E-4-nam-ti (l)-la. Ibid. 6 Bur-Sin, stone tablet. 7 Inscription of Arad-Sin. 8 Brick of Ur-Engur. While Enlil is always: Jugal kur-kur-ra: bél matati. 54 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION or Nana the [Star of Uruk. From Ur-Engur down to Esar- haddon of Assyria all building inscriptions are concerned with repairs or enlargements of the temple é-anna, of the beloved shrine of Innina. Anu is mentioned in a casual way, as the consort of Nana: bit * Anum t Antum.! No. 19. CBS. 8255 Provision of barley brought down as salary and transferred to Sama§ “‘to rejoice his heart.’”’ —Two men witnessed the trans- action that took place on the 11th of Simanu, the 28th year of Samsuiluna, son and successor of Hammurabi. 1 Xe gur igi 10 gal 1 gur of barley+> of gur Ugu Su-ra?-du-lu property of Suradulu(?) 4Babbar in-tuk to Sama§ is transferred, mu-tim a-ka a deposit from salary Sa(g) ¢Babbar in which the heart of Sama’ ne-ib-du(g)-gi rejoices. igi *'Da-mu-e-ri-ba-am witness Damu-eribam igi *'En-lil-mu-ba-li-it-ta-ki witness Enlil-muballitaki itu sig-a ud 11 kam month of Simanu, the 11th, mu Sa-am-su-i-lu-na lugal year when King Samsuiluna, G-ag-ga *En-lil-ld-ta by the oracle of Enlil. NO: 20) 2G BSetAo34 Liturgy of the moon god, Sin-Nannar of Ur. Fragment of a large two column tablet. Only part of Rev., Col. 1, 1s preserved to some extent. é kis-Sir-gél nam-lugal-la-mu E-kisSirgal, temple of my royalty, é 7i(d) é-ir-e-mu di-ni-tum gar-ra-mu my temple of life, and lamentation, my place of judgment. No! 21-53 @BSs12700 Historical religious fragment mentioning Libit-i8tar, 5th king of Isin. 1 Inscription of Seleucides, 244 B.C. YOS. I, No. 52. ——— LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 55 PP eee a hee Pe ee Bie Ph me) ge aha [ |-nz sag-[ rotates ta Uni weap erty. fi ATOR CAM 2 9 Te crn aera [ ] unu* $4 Suku dingir-ri [ to Uruk (?) food offerings of the gods... é-kur-ta nam-ti (1) [ from Ekur, for the life .... zi-Sa(g)-gal uru-ni [ the existence, his city .... 4] 7-bi-it-iStar [ Libit-iStar .... lugal-mé-s% dur-kur-[ _ for the king of the battle ... da-da-ra' nam-bul-| splendor, joy .... gir-ur-ra_ igi-[ sheathed sword ... mé a-nim-dim 4-[ like the battle of Anu(?).... il-gi-na pi-ki | the titniee. ot dag sag-kal? dag-[ the chief (mace?) stone, the stone ... su-e-ib-ur* igi-| the shield ... [ |sag-sig-ga sag | Pee racer ul head e2, No. 22. CBS. 14233 Fragment of school tablet. Obverse had only one column “to be copied” on the adjoining blank. It is a literary text. The reverse had a list of square roots preserved at least up to 37 under the common formula: 1 e 1 ib-di; 4 e 2 ib-di; 9 e 3 ib-di, etc. OBVERSE dug 4-sag-ga* mu-il [ the vessel on his head he carried [ 4Suruppak® ud... ta... [ the god of Suruppak ... é *Suruppak di (g)-ne ba-ra-il [ the temple of the god of Suruppak, its commands do not stand ... ab-ku-itu el-i-um to be copied above. No. 23. CBS, 12735 + 12736 Historical and religious document. Just the names of “Nin-Sun and of Ur ‘Engur are clear enough in the much- eer entre SABE Mate eh Ne ar ce Os ane Day) Miki gx 1 Ninbutu, Br. 6677. * ASaridu, kattillu, Br. 3619, 3620. 3 Kabdabu, Br. 210. * Dug sag-ga, SAI. 2288; MIO. Tello, No. 892, VII. 25. Dug d-ne-tim, ibid. ° A title of Marduk, Br. 223, 224. 50 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION damaged text. The two fragments belong to a four sided prism, which had two columns on each face (A, B,C... ). The prism was bored from top to bottom and was probably kept revolving round a horizontal stick or rod, like a seal cylinder. Apparently the document had to be read frequently, and per- haps was a record of a rich endowment. One year of the reign of King Ur-Engur is dated from the foundation of the temple of Nin-Sun.!. The goddess is called the mother of Gudea of Laga’? and later on, of Sin-gaSid king of Uruk.’ She is closely associated with “Lugal-banda.* Both of them were certainly worshiped in Uruk,® where they probably had their proper shrine in the large temple E-an-na. _ Priests® were attached to the cult of Nin-sun. Fields insured’ her revenues. Cf. “Umun-sa-par, Br. 8805. 6 Cf. LaNGpon, PBS. X, 2, No. 9, p. 143. ™Cf. Udu Su-gi-na, AO. 5478 (RA. VIII, p. 82); CT. IV, 31°. " Offering for the time of the new-moon, the full-moon, the end of the month. § Cf. ana Sattuk umim 1, ana pasSur Sama’, Urumu, d), SAK. p. 162. LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS Ol mu ™Ha-am-mu-ra-bi lugal ka “En-lil-lé ta bad Ma-ri* mu-un-gul-u-la 1 udu-ui-num-gum 1 ba sig 70. (qa) zid-sag 6 ga zid gum gar-sal 12 ga id kal & 94 5 gin a-tir 15 gin 7a-mi-du-um? sar [ ' ]-ug sar. 1 qa[ I qa 10 gin [ 6% gin 14 [-nun ] a-na kam-a3* egli 13 bur-gi* 2 pes ab-ba ha-si(g)® 5 qakas sig 10 (ga) zid gum 20 (ga) kas du si-gar ha Suku(m) ud te-na ud gi(g) ba® 2 munsub’ udu 2 ga gar sag I ga gar zid-gum I qa gar gal I gam gar 14-de-a 14-nun the year when King Hammurabi by order of Enlil | destroyed the walls of Maer. 1 slaughtered large grazed sheep. 1 fine fish 70 qa of choice flour, 6 qa of pounded flour, women food 12 qa of coarse flour, 55 gin of a-tir! 15 gin of samiru? plante CoLumn II pee oe ae Nee plante. L.Qa.. I qa 1ogin.. 61% gin of fine butter .. for the .... of the field: “‘the 13 Dots ae 2 big sea fishes, dried up fishes, 5 qa of choice drink 10 qa of pounded flour, 20 qa of common drink, for the locks, food for the twilight, for the verging night 2 sheep skins 2 qa of fine food, 1 qa of pounded flour, 1 qa of grand food, 1 gam of food besmeared with oil, and butter oe e es we A Sasqu flour, SAI. 11325, 11445. ¥ Cf. gt} 7a-mi-ri-tum, MyiRMan, BE. III, No. 76, 1. 22. And samru: TOY. 3 Kam: érésu. Cf. Har, and kamatu. “Or bur-zi: sabbaru. 5 HaSalu, maSalu, dried up, split open. ® Cf. Le temps des rots d’Ur, pp. 42-43. ‘Ibid., p. 42: tab+subur-tu, Sartu. Q2 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 1 bur [-g1 .. 1 ba sig [.. 12 bur-gi .. | 21% qa kas | Suku(m) ud te-na | 2 munsub udu [ 1 ga gar vid g-[um 1 gam gar-14|-de-a 2 | a 0° 00 L# 2 88% qa | 118 ga [ 2 (gur) 218 ga ga Suku(m) Su-gi-na mu 2 kam 15-tu 6 udu 3 (gur) 84% ga 4 gin 1% ga ka-lum 3 ga ka-lum ni(?)-tuk 5 ga g gin 1a-nun 5% qa 1a-gis & qa 4 gin ga-bar = ga 4 gin lugal-é-a 1% qa ma-+ gunu [ | 0.6 @ us'9) t) eae |-nar-sa [3 qa ? ]-3 bur-gi 6 nin-dingir 1 ga 1 bur-gi 1 ga kaS dumu-sal li-dingir-ra CoLumNn III 1 pot of .. 1 fine fish .. 12 pots of .. 2% qa of drink ... food for the twilight .. 2 sheep skins 1 qa of food, pounded flour, 1 gam of food besmeared with oil ... 2 | CoLuMN V 8814 qa . L1owda ae 2 gur 218 qa of fat (cheese?) regular food for 2 months moreover 6 sheep: 3 gur 84% qa 4 gin, 11% qa of dates, 3 qa of dates .. 5 qa 9 gin of butter, 514 qa of sesame oil | 59 gin of pressed (P) cheese. 59 gin, when the king goes out ¥% qa of ma+gunu ... la) eee) S80) 6) Oe <7 Vela the singers .. 3 qa 3 pots .. 6 priestesses. I qa 1 pot 1 qa of drink to the daughter of the priest. The sheep skin (Sartu: munSub) as part of the regular offer- ings helps toward a better understanding of two difficult terms a LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 93 in the Drehem texts: mu-du-lum and tab+subur-tu.: The Yale syllabary? knows several signs composed with: wool, szg. 1. sig+lam, No. 182-185: bakit (Se): pasasu (Se5); Sikinnu (Stken); mudulu, kirétu (adkin). 2. sigt+lam+subur, No. 186-187: ittutti (aS); Sartu (mim- Sub). The second sign is identical to tab+subur of the Drehem tablet. Tu is a phonetic complement, inviting to a reading Sartu or tttutu: skin, and presage. It is interesting to find fleece and omina so closely connected. We had already noted how the sign resembles the sign for presage (uzu: purussu) in the code (XXVII, 27). The skin could be used as a leather bottle for libation (tab+subur a-bal). The,term mu-du-lum is no other than the tst sign (No. 185) of the Yale Syllabary. It is explained by the word kirétu; a feast, a banquet, which gives a very good sense in all the texts where we find it. 7 No. 62. CBS. 14236 Enigmatic little fragment. List of names of the Cassite period, which look like a list of years. mu 1 Immeru be-li-ta-din mu Lul-lu-ba-a-i dub-sar mus Apil ! Zér-ub-la mu Ma-la-hi-e mu ! [-li-kil-la-an-ni [mu] Nu-bu-bi-i-a Sa-a .. INGTO30 UC DOwTA124 Business document: A retiring man (nig-Sid til-la) is hand- ing over 1 gur 30 qa of grain (Se-gab) to Damu-eribam (in-tuk), in presence of 2 witnesses. The date may be the 7th or 27th of King Samsu-iluma: mu nig bar-bar-ra_ gur-gur*-ra 1 Le temps des rois d’Ur, p. 42. 7A. T. Cray, YOS. I, p. 89. 5 Kamdaru, Br. 6111. 04 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION No. 64. CBS. 14198 Legal document. Selling members of the family and the slaves of Sama&-daian, to cover his debts(?). The scene is at Nippur. The archivist Kidinnum Enlil takes an active part in it. We gain a fair estimate of the value of the human person, based on a gold standard. [ ] Ses-a-ni 10 gin [guSkin ..... his brother for 10 gold gin dim [ ]-bi Ses-a-ni 10 gin [gus- —....... bi his brother for 10 gold gin kin-dim [ |-bi dumu-a-ni 5 gin gus- ..... bi his son for 5 gold gin kin-dim [ gil-|sa dam-a-ni 5 gin guxkin- ... gilsa his wife for 5 gold gin dim [ ]-ab-ki-ra-be dumu-sal-a-ni 5 —_—«... abkirabe his daughter for 5 gold gin guskin-dim gin : [ | &Sin-lu-ud-lul dumu-sal-a-ni .. Sin-ludlul his daughter for 5 gold 5 gin guskin-dim gin | { ] Rag-gab *'Sin-bal-ti dumu-sal-a-ni Raggab Sinbalti his daughter for 5 5 gin guskin-dim gold gin 7 ki-in-nu Sa Sqma’-da-a-a-an_ 7 kinsfolk of Sama’-daian 12 Sag-geme-uru 2 ma-na 19 gin 12 female and male slaves for 2 manehs guskin-dim 19 gin gold Pu-ut-ilidumu Sag*En-lil-lilugal-ne-ne_ Put-ili son of Sag Enlil their creditor, [ | Ki-di-ni-nu-um ¢En-lil-li pisan- .... Kidininum-Enlil archivist at dub-ba-a Nibrit™-a Nippur [ ] dumu*Nin-uras-naddin- .... son of Ninib-nadin-ahe abé [ ] Sam-til-la-bi-Su-ne-ne—.......... . for their full price. No, 65:":CBS2 15120 Fragment of historical inscription (?). OBVERSE [ |-bi-lal-a ki-agag-ga dii-a— ti... built in a splendid place [ | ki-su-su-gar 1 tu-ri gar-gar-a_....... place of increase and sick- ness(?).... [ ] tr nig-nu-siligepi 9 Ve court for all that is weak [ | ¢Nin-ga-gi-a! iskim-mab is... Nin-gagia great divineress [ )*Eu-lil-law co See ee eee eee of Enlil. 1 Gaghm, cloister. Cf. Ath (ni-gab) bab ga-gi-im, CT. II, 41, 1.9; IV, 49 b; VI, 44a, 1. 10. H. Ranke, BE. VI, 1, p. 22. The gagim of the priestess at Sippar discovered by ScHEIL. LEON LEGRAIN—-HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 95 REVERSE [ |-nam-gu' “Immer a-ma-ru uru ... the destruction of Adad, the storm, Ta the tornado .. [ | ur-ta rim-ma .... removed from the foundation, [ ]-ki(?) bar-sag dag esigdag{ ] ..... the mountain of diorite stone of ... stone [ ]-na-ri ba-dar-dar-e .... purification, being destroyed. ING2-00:09 GBS. 15131 Fragment of business document. There are 6 offices vacant in the temple of Enki and Damgalnunna: the anointer (pasisu), the seer (bari), the confectioner (riqqu), the Inspector (atu),? the “washer of the pavement”’ (kisallubu), the “vessel keeper” (sabharu). Two dignitaries are invested with the charge. They contract in presence of witnesses for a period of a year (bal- gub-ba). The tablet is dated’ on the 5th Segurkud, of the 24th year of Samsuiluna. OBVERSE Nam-sutug* nam-Sab> nam-li-sim The offices of anointer, seer, confec- ; tioner, nam-ni-gab nam-kisal-luh nam-bur-sar® inspector, pavement-washer, vessel keeper, é *En-ki “Dam-gal-nun-na mu-a ud?-12 in the temple of Enki Damgalnunna, for the year .. bal-gub-ba® A-at-ta-a4Nin-urak ni-[ ] taken in charge by Atta-Ninib the . u ¢Nin-uraé e [ and Ninib-e ... ee eee ee Ae OT ie ee ne ie a dy, ta) Fg Me 1 Habdlu. * Who opens the door(?). % Date alone published in, PBS. V, No. 99. ‘Sign REC. 230. Cf. Ur “Su , Ur *Sul ——, Reisner, Tellob, No. 125, 141; MIO. Tello, No. 830. 5 Bart $a Siri, Br. 5668. ® Sabbaru, Br. 4339-4341, 6979: 7 The year and 12 days, a solar year, or itu 12, for 12 months(?). ® Bal-gub-ba is a fixed period of time (a month), opposed to bal ku-a, which may be only a few days. This term applies to mercenaries hired for a limited time, and not to regular servants and officers on yearly wages. 96 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION REVERSE Witness Enlil ma Atta-Ninib Aplia seal-cutter, Enlilli .. igi °En-lil ma-[ igi A-at-ta-a | igi A-pi-li-a bur-gul igi *En-lil-li [ No. 67. GBS. 14179 Legal document. Exchange (bal) of property, 3 acres against 4 and 3 silver shekels indemnity (Su-ri-a: rama). The old field is acquired by the king, probably Hammurabi, in order to make a cemetery. The tablet is dated on Sabat of his 33rd. year. Mu 3 gan a-Sa(g) zag-ga ba-an-gub Concerning 3 acres of field ‘‘standing sib-ta mu nam-uru-gal-sn nig Ilu-iddinam lugal-e Su Ilu-iddinam ab-ta-é ana *Sin-i5-me-nt u **Sin-e-ri-ba-am dumu-me [b-ku-iStar Ses-a-ni 4 gan a-Sa(g) gibil-la us-a-du **Nanna(r)-a-a uu 3 gin kut-babbar Su-ri-a-b1 ana Ilu-iddinam-ra in-na-an-bal igi Ap-lum dumu *Sin-ligis igi *'Nin-uras mu-Sa-lim dumu Li *Ba-h igt *'Sin-ib-du-um dumu Na-bi “Sin igi I-bi ‘Samak uku-us pa-te-si dumu Im-gu-ru-um igi I-li-ip-pa-al-za dumu [beda-tum igi A-pi-il-ia bur-gul dumu Ur “Bath in front” a pasture, to use as burying ground property of Ilu-iddinam, the king, from the hands of I[lu-iddi- eye vai | has acquired. To Sin-iSmeni, and Sin-eribam, sons of Ibku-istar, his brother, 4 acres of new field, one side along Nannaraja and 3 silver shekels as cession price to Ilu-iddinam were given in exchange. Witness Aplum son of Sin-ligis, Ninib-muSalim son of Lu-Bau, Sin-ibdum, son of Nabi-Sin _ Ibi-Sama’ head messenger of the patesi son of Imgurum lli-ippalza son of Ibdatum. Apilia the seal cutter son of Ur-Bau. LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 97 No. 68. CBS. 14199 Cassite letter. [ ] mar Sarri(?) a Sum-ma li-sa-ak-ka ta-ak-na .. Sa ti-du-u-ki-ma a$-Su-um-ma salmi-(?)ia ¢*Enlil *Nin-lil *Nin-uras *....En-lil(?) *Nusku .. du-ub-ma Sum-ma li-sa-ap-pi um-ma a-na ka-dan Sumeri Su-7i-1m-ma sa-li-im-ka li-ib-ba-$a-Su-um-ma i-na dan-na-ti Su-zu sa-bat-ma t-na Sa-li-im-ti li-_ il-li-ka-am-ma OBVERSE © -.@' ei ¢ ‘ee son of the king, and when he will have pressed thee well, : it shall mean battle, my protection (?) Enlil, Ninlil, Nin-ib ..., Nusku, be good, and when he prays it is to conquer Sumer; come out and he shall be thy ally, come out in force and hold on and he shall go in peace. [ |-ka a-na da-mi-ig-ti and he shall . .. for grace, . REVERSE hi-[ | l he shall ... u umma a-[na | and so for... Sa ra-[bi ... that is great ... n pal ] Su-u zu il(?)-7u and in face of. .., come out they claim. t-na-an-na a-na pa-ni be-li-ia-ma tab-ba ! U7-za An-ri-Si v [ ] ni-ki-im-ma An-ri-Si i-na-an-na i-na dan-na-am(?) be-li il-[ li-is-lam(?) da(?)-ik(?) li... am-ma pa-ni be-li-ia lu... mir(?) A u.... am-ma ana be-li-ma. Now it is all under the eyes of my master. The associates Uzza, Anri8i and ... We have taken Anri8i Now in the fortress the master shall .. and shall make alliance ... and in front of my master may I... and ... is to my master. O00 sn Bosal 1Ol4 Historical letter recording the campaign of Nazimarutta8 against Mat Namri, how he conquered 12 cities and added them to the dominion of Enlil. OBVERSE [ ]/ Na-zi-marad-da Sar Sarré(?) [ ] ! Na-zi-marad-daS Sar Sarré(?) ... Nazi-maruttaS king (of kings?) ... Nazi-maruttaS king (of kings?) 98 [ | Sa-te kal a-a'-meS $i-kar[{ — |-ri a-na hatti(-1)-Sal-la dar-bu-u ur | | al(?)-tu(?) a-na karani it-ta-na-as-ka-nu-ma sip-pi-s1 lu[{ | la i-kas-S1-du li-tum u k1-Sit-|tum.| gaté u Sepa(?) na-k1-ri-su la 1-Sak-ka-nu gas-ri ! ‘lM arduk-mu-rim-ki apil ' Samas- Su-r1 ina Su-tum(?) "Marduk beli-Su ina biti u-Sab-ri-ma gaté Enlil beli-Su ina biti $a ki-rib Ni-brt **(?) a¥(?) [ l ma-ag-ga(?)-du(?)? karani ba-at-lu la Sal-mu 15-Sa-lu-Su i-na ter-tum patri Su Sa-qu Sari é-kur Su nik-na-ku-su i-nat-tu-$i ma-la tab-ba-a a-na “En-lil UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION _.. drink of all fathers, was(?) dattel- wine to Hatti-Salla(?) offspring of (?). .. drink(?) in grape-wine. they have been brought down and its covering ... they have not been taken, victory and conquest of hands and ... his enemies shall not lay on in force. Marduk-murimki son of Sama&-Suri, in dream saw Marduk his lord in the temple, and the hands of Enlil his lord in the tem- ple that ... inside of Nippur .. a vase (offering) of wine that had ceased no more intact was dedi- cated to him, with the sign of his lofty spear, the wind of his temple ékur, of his censer, they crushed it, all whatever ap- un [ ]-rz(?) proached Enlil . they .... 0 Na-zi-marad-da§ a-mat “En-lil béli Nazi-maruttaS exalted the word of it-ta id-ma the lord Enlil, alani "** $a mat Nam-ri ma-la ([ba-Su-% allcities that wereintheMat Namri... ina ki... rt dan|{ }: insstrong 23%. u-Sab [ ] he caused to... REVERSE [ ] 12 alani ™* pi-bat [ . 12 cities of the district of ... abet | a-na kan-ga-nu “En-lil béli-Su u-51k | du-ur da-ris a-na qaté En-lil mu-im-b1 bi-a-Su ri-ba ali gar-r1 li-na-it bal-kid (?) karanu, dis pu, bimetu, inbu 1Or: kal-abé. 2 Cf. magdé, magaddu, magdadu. 6,50 tS subjected for ever into the hands of Enlil, who let shine(?) the ruins(?) a fourth of city (for) destruction (?) he delivered (?) wine, honey, butter, fruits LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS Se-1 ma-la ba-Su-u Pi duppi ! “En-lil-ia-ha(?)-nu ! Ba-zu-zu bal-tu “Enlil u“'Nin-lil “Ninib u Nusku ... 1-ta-bal-Su ina-arhi-Su [a-na(?)| béli-$u 1-sa-tir-Su No. 7o. Business document. what uncertain. 3 (gur) go (7a) Se har-ra gis-bar dingir Se-ba ki! *'Marduk-ni-zu ! UNabii-na-din-abé ™® Su-ba-an-ti a-na um eburi su ni-Sam-e Arab Tagriti um 21 kam mu 16 kam. ! "Nabit-nadin-ahé ™* 1-nUu-ma i-na duppi ' Kur-a-zu-zu [ |-a-n1 ka-ni-ik Nose 99 grain, all that was there. According to the tablet of Enlil-ia- hanu(?) Bazuzu, alive (by?) Enlil and Ninlil, Ninib ‘and Nusku, .. has brought it, in the same month when it was written to his lord. CBS. 13880 The date, “the 16th year,” is some- 3 gur 9o qa of ground barley, measure of the god, as rations from Marduk-nizu Nabfi-nadin-ahé has received. On the day of harvesting he shall pay. Month of Ta&rit the 21st day, the 16th year. Nabu-nadin-ahé when on the tablet of Kurazuzu his seal(?) was impressed. CBS. 7188 Food receipt, dated the 3rd year of Kudur-Enlil, under the seal of Ninib-nadin.... 4 (gur) 10 (qa) geme gis-bar 300 qa(?). ak-lum barra-nu Larsam ki gati ! Asi Samak *Adad ina libbi '! Ta-zi-ik(?) na-as-ha-am-ma, ka-an-ka-sa(?)-5u No. 72. Donation. Na-din-tu $a ! Ti-zu “Marduk a-na $1-lu-u-ti i-din-nu. 4 gur to qa of flour, measure of 300 qa food for the expedition of Larsa, into the hands of Asi-Samas-Adad On Tazik it was drawn and marked with his seal. CBS. 14203 Donation that Tizu-Marduk bestowed on Siluti. 100 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 1 sikkatu ... na i-si-)1 ti-ra i-na Satti 5 ma-lul 4En-lil 1 ma-na Sipati 10 (qa) 14-giS ina alt . Larsam* 1 ma-na Sipati 150 (qa) ina ali Nibru** 1 lubustu kab-ru ' Nig-ba-ia dumu-a- ni Su Napbar 4, 4, % nig burasi Sa ina qatt ! Ti-gu Marduk ! Si-lu-tu mab-ru No. 73. I peg .... to close a cover during 5 years to Malul-Enhil 1 pound of wool, 10 qa of sesame oil at Larsa 1 pound of wool, 150 qa at Nippur 1 heavy garment for Nigbaia his son Total 4+ 14+% nig of gold belonging to Tiz-Marduk, Silutu has received. CBS. 13878 Business document dated the 8th year of Kudur-Enlil. Nos 7a CBS eI4i07 Food expense (ak-lum) by the hands (gat) of Uzipu, on the 3rd year of Kudur-Enlil. No. 75. CBS. 15062 Business document, dated the 1st year of Sagarakti-Suriag. 2 eru ki-tu-u $a ma-la(?) 2% ma-na ki-lal-b1 Sa iktu alt Ardi-bélit 15-Su-nim gati ! Amel “Marduk 1 eru ku-tu-u 2 copper covers, that ... 2%% pounds their weight, which from the city of Ardi bélit they removed by the hands of Amel Marduk. 1 copper vase Noi 76s GBS 215220 Cassite letter. OBVERSE A-na be-li-ia qi-bi-ma um-ma ! **Marduk-ri-Se-Su na-ka .... a-na di-na-an be-li-ia lu-ul-ltk ana ali Sulmu v% é-dingir-ra Su-ul-mu Sa-ki-lum Sa-par-[ 72 To my master say: thus (speaks) Marduk-riSeSu .. To the justice of my master may | find access Peace to the city and peace to the temple. 72 keeper of ... LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 10! [ ] é ¢nir-gal nibru* .. temple of the hero of Nippur [ ] zm-lu ba | ] ar ga-a-ti ... have filled ... of the hand [ ]-ta-ka-an [| ] Se Sa-ki-li =. ......... grain of the keepers [ ] ba-du ¥1 [ ] su-tp-pi-in-ni_.... rejoice ... of the cover. [ |-ta | Wailer ft osha rein eae [ ] 72 [ |-di ma-a-li is‘. of the country, a-na abulli *En-lil al-ta-ni to the great gate of Enlil, | come again. 2 S1-p1 [ ] Sa Rive ™S 2 fences(P) ... of orchards ar-ta-pi-ik | have worked up. 20 Se-zer Sa u-il [ - | 20 measures of seeds of .... REVERSE [ | ba-ar [| | mawealterward(r). 4 [ ] pa-te-si [ ] ¥a be-li-a ... of the patesi, ... that my master. [a]-na ali dim-tuk-Ses** (?) to the city of Dim-tuk Ses (?) 9 (gur) Se-zér 3 (gur) ta-am 9 gur of seeds 3 gur at a time it-ta-as-su have been taken. WOm77iy GG BSe 15151 Cassite letter. Culture of land. The sesame of the king is being ground (ba-ma-sum). The fields have been sowed (Se-um id-di-nu-Sum). By the sun god they shall thrive: (7-na di-i-in “Sama§, la i-ha-ab-ba-lu-su). Nomys.n CBS. 14135 Survey of land. Plan for field irrigation about B.C. 1250. A total of 138 canals are cut across Eden, probably the land around Nippur, covering it with a regular net-work for water- supply. Three or four larger districts are mentioned in con- nection with the main canal from which the water was led to smaller places or villages. The district of Kar-Ninlil has a total of 76 new branches off the main river. The district of Nar eSSuti has only 12 cuts around Bit-Ellil. The name of the third district with its 30 branches is lost. Dated the 12th year of Sagarakti-Suria’. bea Rite ease 102 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION OBVERSE napbar 30 me-e nar | ] total 30 canals of the river .. 26 ali Diul-bu | ] ki 26 of the village(?) Dulbu, 4 ali Kislab-bi ki 4 of Kislahbi, 10 ali Dir **Nin-mab ki 10 of Dair-Ninmab, II ali Kar *'Ba-n ki 11 of Kar-Bau, 10 ali pa-te-si™® ki 10 of ‘The patesis,”’ 7 ali Ur-pi “En-lil ki 7 of Urpi-Enlil, 8 ali Karri ! Kar-zi-tim ka 8 of Karri-Karzitim napbar 76 me-e nar pibati ali Kar Total 76 canals from the river in the “Nin-lil district of Kar-Ninlil. 12 ali Bit “En-lil ki 12 of Bit-Enlil, me-e nar esSu-ti canals of the Nar-eSSuti. Su-nigin 138 har git-ma-lu-u-tum, Total 138 canals completely cut cover- wa-pa-lim edin-na ing the plain. No&7os Ch owi4270 Business document dated the 1st year of Nabu Sum(?)- ukin-nu(?). No. 80.2 “CBS, 141007 A Nippur gold treasure in the 5th year of Nazi-marutta8. The tablet is not complete. There must be an interval of four or five lines between the two portions preserved. The left corner is broken off. The tablet 1s a catalogue of over 125 jewels in gold and precious stones, chalcedony, lapis-lazuli, agate, etc. They rank from caskets all gold, or with stones in- laid, down to necklaces, bracelets, anklets, seal-cylinders in gold mounting, eyes of stone in gold mounting, breastplates, earrings, tablet mould and tongue of gold. They were brought from Nippur and Dur-Kurigalzu into Ardi-Bélit. The two last named places seem to have been parts of the same city of Nippur. The tablet does not state under what circumstances the removal was made. The royal treasure was likely preserved in the temple. The king was the Sakkanakku of the god, entrusted with his seal, and disposing of his property. The same jewels are frequently LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS 103 mentioned in royal despatches. They agree in form and ma- terial with what we know of the Cassite period. Some of them have been excavated! near the temple of Enlil at Nippur, covered with inscriptions that make certain the name and plety of the kings. They were all votive objects in form of discs, scepter knobs, tablets, axes, rings, seal cylinders and eyes. They were presented to Enlil, Ninlil, Ninib, Nusku, by Kurigalzu and his successors. The collection included all sorts of precious material: agate, lapis-lazuli, magnesite, feldspar, ivory, tur- quoise, malachite, amethyst, gold and porphyry. Should we try to realize the historical background of the present tablet, we may bear in mind the following facts. Nippur was ruined by an Elamite invasion at the time of Kastiliasu, about B.C. 1250. This king is the last mentioned in the collection of votive objects preserved in the temple. No Cassite? tablets have been found in Nippur that antedate Burnaburia§, about B.C. 1380. He is the best known correspondent of the Egyptian kings, anxious to secure gold for the temple work and exchange gifts and jewels. Now, we must not forget that the Cassite kings brought a foreign rule into Babylonia, but got only by degrees the control of the whole land. We know for example, that: “King Kurigalzu, having conquered the country of the sea, added Babylon and Borsippa unto his country’’—a sure proof that he did not rule them before. This same king did build in Nippur, probably, his residence at the time, a palace or fortress named after him: Dur-Kurigalzu. It was connected with old Nippur by a stone dam or canal, that passed likewise by Ardi-Bélit. Kurigalzu was succeeded by his son Burna- buriaS. Both of them were strong kings, allies and relatives of the kings of Egypt. But soon after them, the growing power of Assyria brought trouble into the land. The Assyrian king, Assur-uballit, following up the usual matrimonial policy, gave 1 The largest collection was discovered by Dr. PETERS in 1890. The store room for keeping treasures and gifts was discovered by Haynes in the S. E. wall of the fortified enclosure. It was a cellar 36 X 1114 feet and 814 feet deep, dating from Ur-Engur, and covering an older one 2 feet below. SAgie CLAY, DE. ALV; XV;. H, RApDAU, BE. XVII, 1, 104 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION his daughter as a wife to the son and heir of Burnaburia’. The ' Cassites resented the intrusion, revolted and killed the prince, which fact brought the Assyrian armies down into Babylonia with the object of extending the Assyrian protectorate over the country. The correctness of this view is confirmed by an Assyrian document of Adad-nirari great-grandson of Assur-uballit, and likely contemporary of Nazi-maruttaS under whose reign our tablet was compiled. Adad-nirari claims for himself and his father the title of priest of Enlil. That means that the Assyrian rule was to a certain extent acknowledged in Nippur. But the ereat-father not having extended his dominion so far south is simply priest of ASur, fighting the rebellious Cassite, and the great-grand-father, Assur-uballit, has only a vague title of priest of the gods.. The extreme southern limit of that fight for greater Assyria is given by Adad-nirari himself as “from Lubdi and Rapiqu.”” And the Assyrian king claims that he did restore the ruined Cassite cities. We know in fact that under the successor of Nazi-marutta’: KadaSman-Turgu, the tower of Nippur temple underwent a thorough repairing. Curiously enough that very name—or city—Lubdi, is mentioned in the tablet along with jewels removed from or out of it. It looks as if storing them in safe Ardi-Bélit was a good precaution in the troubled days of Nazi-maruttas. % OBVERSE Du-ul-li burasi $a Nippuri a Dar- Gold work from Nippur and Dfr- Ku-ri-gal-[qu ° Kurigalzu, $a a-na “Ardi-Bélit ina °° Sabdti brought into Ardi-Bélit, in the month of Sabat, $a Sanat 5"*" Na-zi-[ma-ru-ut-ta-a$ the 5th year of King Nazi-marutta$ Sarrt 1 kutallu burdsi ga-na-ad-du: °*"ukni 1 casket of gold with a cover of lapis- tam-lu-4 °°" lazuli and a bottom of ... stone, 2 kutallé hurasi qu-up-pa-tum? 2 caskets of gold coating, 1 Gananu. 2 Subatu. =e LEON LEGRAIN—HISTORICAL FRAGMENTS | 105 1 e-rum hurast Sa har-ba-ga-ni 1 a-a-ra-ni °°*"ka-ni-[ 1 e-rum bhurasi Sa ga-na-an-di 5 iné musgarri' ra-ki-[ 5 e-rum burast gu-up-pu-tum 14%4[Siglu Sugulti 7 KI-SUHUR ar-ma-ti? burasi II Siglu [ 2 KI-SUHUR? pu-gut-ti burasi 14 Siglu [ 1 KI-SUHUR pu-gut-ti ga-ba-al-Su [ ] zi-na-ti [ 2 HAR-SU4 burasi Sa ip-pi-[ [ | burasi gu-up-pu-[tum | 3 Siglu [ 2 HAR-[GIR ] 2 **"*kunukké parri [ 2” "kunukké ukni ib-zu burasi [ 1 "kunukku musgarri ib-cu burdsi [ 5 NUNUZ-IN*™ parré rabati [ 7 ines” parri a-di 1 lu-li da-ni-tum’ ib-zu [burds1 aban 6 née” parri sibrati la ib-zu | 4 ine” musgarri th-zu burasi [ 11 bi-ir-su8 muXgarri adi 6 ka-ak-ki ni-du [| 2 tu-di-it-ti9”” ukni [ 1 Br. 7642. 2 Erimtu, arimtu. 1 box of gold with vultures(?) and eagles in ... stone (inlaid). 1 box of gold the cover of which has 5 eyes of agate stone inlaid, 5 boxes of gold coating, 14% shekels in weight 7 necklaces in form of chain of gold, 11 shekels .. 2 necklaces in form of thorns of gold, 14 shekels .. 1 necklace in form of thorns, with a pendant ... | 2 bracelets of gold with fruits(?) ..., . of gold coating ..., 3 shekels . ., 2 anklets [of gold ..., 2 seal cylinders of chalcedony (?)...., 2 seal cylinders of lapis lazuli with gold mounting, 1 seal cylinder of agate with gold mounting, 5 necklaces of large chalcedony stones, 7 eyes of chalcedony stone together with a dainty coat of mail in a gold mounting, 6 eyes of small chalcedony stone, no mounting, 4 eyes of agate with gold mounting 11 cut (hilt or ring?) agate stones to- gether with 6 arms ... 2 breastplates of lapis lazuli ... 3 Kimmatu, kinazu, Samatu. Dog collar, REIsNER, Tellob, No. 229-230. Maninnu, KB. VI, p. 176, 1. 169. 4 Semir qatéSa u SepéSa. 5 Sust, Br. 8183. Nakamtu ¥ust. Cf. JENSEN, KB. VI, p. 82, Z. 48. 6 BE. XVII, 1, No. 26 and HitprecnT note, ibid:-p--118, n--11.- Zadim dag-bar-gul-gul, REISNER, Telloh, No. 140, 149, 154, 156. Gud. Cyl. A, XVI, 27. 7 Lu-lu-um-tum and da-ni-tum: nablaptu tabaz. 8 Harasu. 9 Dudinate Xa irti¥a. 106 2 tu-di-it-ti °°” muSgarri [ 8 in-za-ap-ti ba-Se-e' hurast 8 in-za-ap-ti ?°"ukni 1 §a-an? dup-pi °"parri la ib-zu 1 li-Sa-nu3 $a hurdsi russ1 napbaru sa Nippurt kt UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 2 breastplates of agate .... 8 earrings of compact gold, 8 earrings of lapis lazuli, 1 tablet mould of chalcedony, no mounting, 1 tongue of russet gold, total from Nippur; REVERSE 1 kutallu burdst russ 1% ma-na Suqulti 2 e-ru hurast russ a-di Sa 15-tu Lu-ub-di*...... ra 15 Siclu Sugulti ze-ru burasi pisi 11 Siglu Sugulti 3 KI-SUHUR ar-ma-ti huras: russ 10% Siqlu Suqulti 2 KI-SUHUR ar-ma-ti burasi rus%1 10 Siglu Suqulti 2 HAR-SU burdési ru — 4 ‘oy ® : g : a oe. S vy, tae ia’ Ltrs? ts Lh a ne - et ied 1! ly; ay uh aie 4 + a — 1 zr i yen Ps. a ee = see Pe, A ue. ‘>. @ mn ee | eee. 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Mike 4, a4 re, Ai ole ' | PLATE Ill ae . 6 CBS 14230 ee REV ylllly Hh Si | op LOT / Ye hit bi AA : CBS l423) y in o Yeni yl LT ASTRAL I 8 CBS, 14232 SSN soee 4 iba ED Be} Sms Ee SS SSA ; Sees ANS a2 CK a ¥ %, pet her = Svan: Age : as bi a \\ " “> = PLATE IV 1O se CBS 1526 Mrs ave en ee SE iI SB Omid 5) EP ES ry Sets $ Ap y Vo S y, A b AETHEL : ie eh Uy wr anevecart tes re iA a eee AT Hana oN =] Lae VY re ST BET Tne EC Sea UR f ry Re Gas Na ro y Mf hf Ds i = yy ML he WE Wee ees Ny Re, 2 PMI 1) oe 18 CBS 1418! Y A, — [ j KL PT sy a a Ye aeeN? / ih ~ ey \ Gis K S— oa a ee —YV ee ae Y, 5 4 = v OBV 1Q REV SE PLATE VII eee # 1 ; uf = * ly “a = aie f ' 3 i, ¢ | . a te ‘ ant mare. PLATE VIII 20 CBS 14234 REV er i » mike SCH PER As OBY PR Ti hi aoe ca aluiak acer 31 p A —Na”, CBss: ; fie ry aye? , g Uy, Y PHioe ea e pbiep A es Pe Pe cin é awe tie ani ie # y Z ya 4 tol APO ELUR p ilar: nd HELE ee RE, 2 Le AV NAB ele ie TH a se Ati at | Nyy yr Head i) fe Ser t fale | = Ee De eae We SAP ee TY ays ale ie Ws to ETT ie SY a i HEL: 4 WI r = 4) F. q < i » aT gd 2% : oe : As ; vt © ts). ey | esse ba j mm | =, am? e te PEATE IX Ome. CBO wl 4 aon OBV iff MMM Lf Y ye obi Me HVM“s ff fA TE I Up SBOE | subgeRs } BY Ay Sah I sh Wen ne ae fil My With, PRU VL ; ra ye 1 LAE an ‘kd, iy b PE As | pits : Ir Faw oh 2 LpR// J ray HSS « i — KAS me ra ie re Ew E Cc PLATE X 24 2D CBS Igol4 ree MNS ote nee V] a aed Si he a lea REV 26 \ CBS 6358 : ¢ ~) ae ae “th Ne we fs : PLATE XI — = es ee Bo CBS 14193 29 Ghome47¢ REV rity vy ut eae 4\ May 7 ’. he ¢ J » a» me i“ N \ ‘ ‘ . \ a ’ 4 x : - s. eae or we a f ? es A : ‘ t 4 = @ hy ~ “fries 45 ‘ ‘ A, / s J “4 $ of . ; 5 4 4 4 ¥ i ‘ £ . 3 , < * rl ‘ - ~~ ’ ‘ » e fg.-> = ge ‘ lL i : eo 7 : : ss - l ‘ « f ‘ ; p 3 rol Oe » -} i y “~ c = A 4 2 F ~ i =a . 5 } s . - ry : ~ : 1 7. % a -7 s ’ 4 4 , ' — ‘ if. 1 : name F a ’ = * ‘ ’ j - on e , > < r - - , é Ai 7 ag ov i ' ‘ : ‘ ‘ Fhe a <4 : < be ° ‘aa i ™, ’ a .e i ; ae tay = ~~, a4 sil aN er A. cs . “* + n sh : PF ee ek! | mn Z = od ‘ ¥ } 4 . & j y . a - f eri ' a . -~ ais Fs ? i : a‘ 2 . ig 4 me Fr. rs =“ 4 ad 1 % > i." 4 ; Fase (Sse ° d ~\ : 5 bad 2 7 < f i , 7 eo, ¥ ? 4 * wes i by i ‘ . ‘a ‘ r J et 7 F er ‘es ’ a. * ‘ ° 4 4 i Py - p tal s * i ft ei 7 7 , “yb “ , » F ‘ 1 en 4 *¥ t * > ‘ K a: > he ths ‘ *' i ' ie , ‘ fed ‘ : 4 ae a ~ } 7% ™ ; ait bw ye #1 a Liai = (0 Peele a a * 7 ¢ 4 ® @& Lo # a ban ‘ - = » Pi - 7 - ‘ ; j ti ‘ e = > Aj > f +5 wo ~-4 ' a hy 4 * al - t! in 7 > t “? ef < " & +, +(e _ Pie a .! a = A % » : nl - oy as “a . ‘ o- - 2 . P Pp ‘ ‘ ~* - - iy ‘- , - , in \ ‘ 7 . . 4 a tea < ‘ F es, 4 ; ; ye ran ‘ * A y : io L + ‘ 4 we 7 s . , bad am a » ! va ’ 7 ‘ . 4 * 7; s al ‘ f is i o ‘ 4 a 3 + -? ti : ’ ~ es 4 “ * , F : fF, t di a 4 (ae 7 ") * « . - 2 : ry % 4 » % = os = Ls * + = hm ‘) a « st * rt Ay bs . ‘ : : - i bs 4 ; “ ae i 1" is - ! ¥ ! . ™ ' 4 a Ne} or 4, . ay \ ‘ a ag 4 © * a) m- ‘ ae ~ ny ad + * q * a ee, ¢ sy +4 : ‘ v) oe ° i ya a . @ e's ‘ ‘ E ‘ ; 4 “me > % f jae = ' Men Oe: Ted ‘ , Y 3 jaites q 4 - | % Peet PU. 3 how w.* | ce ms ' » hs ~, § f A H Y ) ry pat, ¥ j ‘. “5 ) J - is / =} a ? sd 5 i” i 2 5 - : a4 i * z ae || “a i > 2 of a tre, ; P.4 - i p A ' 2 Oe sone” vm, ts 4 é = So gee ? . x - & a i ‘ a} i ; } wa, 4 é nt) ao ab - : an ¥ ta ey" - ry - 4 iP a) “ie rt ae r > ® v? ® : -? . ae | 7 one x i 5 i . v1 4 on , wae rer ’ ae dats 4) 4 248s ow ¢e-7- y 7 ar ks - -< D Mi 2 a Wyle uae sea ye } 7 ; k 6 - a6 v ‘x y an , re . ¥ Md ato by : nt 7 Tied “obs @ : fw +s ‘Ve , Aad. | EL 4 ' ol | =e y < The PLATE XIl OO OBV CBS 15066 REV hake SESIP ES Tat COS iA 7 ‘ard ced = 32 ae ee 33 OBV OBV Y WW” iS see an > wk ED Ws pee Fag sig alse adie ee A V ~—Y¥ 7 ~~ p ‘ 4) “nd vit ‘ UOTE EB Y {E> Ea SL op Bf rd é on : y Gp ‘a p yh EXPT ESE EER Can ps WYPR Y Vay V/ hit YY VL NI fr $e HE Sey py “Gere Ve TP A yr pl" va a fb ie + p y a AK WY A Ls A wA v, a) : Ci ca Vee Py Mi Y AP Wy KC a rly [i Vy Wy / “i f HMM CY YN, La \ : ; PLATE XVI PLATE XVII 43 (Gs key (8 if a Ke eed : op eS n _— O Ww < a ee n — _—— Me MY YY (Nu bi Ot 7; VW KA (Ln) ——¥ é i Py y “4 i i ‘ me ‘d a \ | if; iE A eal BEY 44 : CBS 15207 4 = LO Ale tsa ry Oo Db DP V avy v sur ye ATF rN ES pica a Se Oe OBY 45 ester Cheyne CiCrs REV EQ Nie oth] Nae Shei twe cline hy DAN BAG « iis rusia ir PPR <6 PTE stn Be Tt Ff PO as aS Na Dp leriadl Granh - Ry Mar. Af 4018 UY so PLATE XVIII 7 7 1" . i - = jncwillslen cent wD —— a a ee a —s P bpp. — ii WAG iT Win 4 ; il ay Wy Moy, PLATE XIX fab ys CBS 7820 -7830 1e "te ity Mf) My, i YY | ii, iL YW, Me Le yy uf Ai fe eT Gy rim Sak [Seats le: f S og eres AT het REE i , Me = ag ame : KY’ 1 aaa i i | A \¢ ahae om ; a 3 Srette — sant (a Us By oh ath Ay il 7stte CBS 7849 ck Faye YP ' Te | Y Bi By f Yi ily : EAP a XR ar Ws ~—T)p rs be j ey | RP RRS MA Sy KY 3, p< pV “Ess {3 Pa eee a ne P % u vat ati ats iW, Mirus alain lees: et aes {iY Y 4 ota Mi KY MHS He , és | NM, UY ule , LOLS, JW , ae LH ted bee 1/0 11 Avo 4S Cie = We Ty VE J vi Wi > Mi 4 7 UW - Ses BY Ui! Se Wy Lf 7 Wt Oars Peel: ee a Cee bake A | CPN ala ~ na ‘ 4 ree ¥ hex ‘ a6s1.* ee 1 ® a « H ee cE akreed ~ : at a-ak DONG Ci avs OOS ss ooo | irs rT; ASy 4 -— - " , ,t i 7 ’ ’ * - ; * 3 ee i 7 i ) Weleees P > , - MS ‘Ws ¢ } 4 * ‘ i WF “ ; 5 ‘ ‘ L _ rs 4 eA bi ag ey pa ae im 1 . , 2 P Tr A at ae: a ‘ coh) ‘ } a rs . , © A i: i: = Ea Va : : ie? ( i 9 r D4 wee vy P vet _ Seer o 2 : — ee 7 f : . Swe 2%) Fi ot See i ' j j ov i ; PAD BA | ‘ i 4 } ia a? ay - Sok Ms ea) ifa? = wy x, 5 ? ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ i ‘ ’ r ra ae Z ie tH { ; 3 *, ad = y , } pe = ’ a } ‘ ‘ a ; . 7 . , = 7 ‘ 4 { ; } + a '> ' i? ' 5 * > As" EF . at | = 1 ; ; ¥ ms 7 » 3 j “4 «! ’ a = i. , z - " ‘ zm ‘ = * F r ; mm - . af Pa i i Pe ¥ - ‘ - ) i , 7 | Pl j P . ache : ¥ A +f * . NK a the ca i af ’ t my, 1 x t ; : « uA U F ‘i ¥ @ + “ : \ ir -s ie ‘ . ‘ $ i] - - & * é ° +S F o i ~ ay ¢# at! eh, i Bet 78h s i 5 c he > J wil . ri is Ve 5 ve *.. ; * } y ay * : * 7 7. a % Lhd . i] we -s f , ) ‘ : 4 | pe 7 € i. 4 er. : pr e pa’ : a ale : ‘> > + a . “ ae » ee , ——_ -— 6) oe h he Salis 7 PLATE XX 49 GB Ses oo Ly =| Fae HAS eer 90 CBS 14176 my » Se ier IY Pott A CTY Pet (y= Be Ey Se Bs ’ ity CD Tey aA ‘a KCK = [>a Jo Ae ee } ! mt Se 7, Sy REY ey nly man : Lf IL yPy SP her h ET “y ey > \ { * t. _* + * @ : - ‘ 4 | . 7 ra Nga aoe Sg ae Ge PLATE XxX! 52 CBS 14190 ay q L ue : Y i yal“ i phat PCN u Lt. ee ; | Zi EE ay, TSP aT A pee EY | ae REV OBV CRS 14178 pees (252). (Cenee remE= Valea lily PERRY -_ — — ~ 4 o* ‘ PLATE XxXIt ao GBSi 7/196 Wequare eawal i Har He! i rs We TH ey 6) yom, i) saa al : ae ee AS Bey) TH | WIR | a ey) NEY ae id Ml U es ais pep Mili Ht YL Wiig as aa | cs ay by) le poeta tay) ee = J ’ f \ ‘ "ll \s ie ed Aa | Ae ie al de : “i os y ann o4 uheas ‘ ’ ‘ , * & . " i = va 2 3 r . t 7 . ‘ d P Pa | ‘ « . yo. bd j ' ) . i he 7 q 2 t . ‘ : A i \ ' - ’ A $ ied 8 ® ; pd ‘ = 2 a ’ ; fw Aa ar 7 ms + PLATE XxXIfl 58 CBS 8288 a Ecesrists aoe aa ~ ~ pb ” 6 a = Wwegss gon, = A fay ee PLATE XXIV 6) 62 : CBS 14236 CBS 14217 Bie att aoe =) ve PLATE XXV 64 CSS .1ZH98 ng ¢ : Vey / Sy LY i { Why a Asai Hye | HEH hl ss WR SORE ange Sah Les IE EEE RE plihenety, NIK) c7=1=< 11 Eres Hepes ie ak if, a. @ ye “4 => PEMNWMY Wel? lily ) BT PLES ERY By PLATE XXVI 67 Aye, elateh el pAb leis, PECEDIEY 5 7 b> eA LEY 4 ALS bbe fT EARLE EO Tae ee asl NED GEE Ey 68 OBV CBS 14199 REV Rar a BM: i Se, Set I eT, ta EMS abe) PAT. am RWIS ATES EATS sa aa lipteoe! Yq Vika. & 4 4 [A alee . Al Af BN ge Silda Mil) WEAR Wr na - SO ee ee v —— i PLATE XXVII 69 GBo l1hOlg OBY Pd Br ET g PIAS Sen 6 7 ie Na pd & ref oale Lee Yh pt 4 pba PPT ‘ be 7A@ OEY. CBS 13880 REV wrpereat es Kae He io He ELE iS ry : ia sat i A ox il MV} ae} ry 1 -. ” YY y DpA\4 A I “ = oan } ; Z pot ' \/ PK: TNE EE YEA 74 CBS 7188 “gn c ee ae ee a See > ee 7 Thpe gyn ri Tix . CBS 14203. BET ET aT ML) pabarrempe tie reat wemeroan EAC ae apa aet alone VACA ER EE SLT { 75 REV Vice. Gossts07.o PLATE XXVIII PLATE XXIX 76 ele) {key ere Phas, oe bor. ip arilee eae ooo (Sere ree Sec a eas mip mii pete EY Nyt a fapeeacat=tcot Lt epee , yaar te ‘ Ses) = 4% tae oT» jy ocisee: ay — PLATE XXX ee a ee ak . 78 CBS 14135 OBV REV ies) CBS 14219 = Ses ne = - ae aie =18 sn 5 oe 4 Y Apbty 0) “Arihys WEEE Yeity—f1 e~ SS re ae eee i AM zine a7 /\ 2 = ne ATE lla a Ab ESD ? oA RSE AR ae ate a ay Ms tides enters ee St = 4 ws & a Ker Lay reer vee iti “ptiiiah vl fst Ey By SBD sl : : ea eeeey | a: 9. Da _ Bans a Shes Dy | LA oS A (rE LL EE AV OU IY t-—<7 SJ AGO Aay Oct wales eo O@ Tike Tiemann Sa RSV Arye = tor POY —_——— PP ADEN EPL LOTTO AE RE ELEY ER OE a) Pa ee ae It TI TOM hentia be Be ina Ne eb OF Ie igh eal : ; V A a Feud + 5 4 < Fl a 5 wm e Ma ihe 4 ' A as ba, . ro. ) ‘ 6 ys Ig al ' ww - ? y : ey 2 2s «8 rr Be mee - E Vidy a A a , ond aa if - ps 4 : i . ~ ; ty - PLATE XXXII 8| CBS 2350 Wa Wy, wo i, Le ix ame peers citer vier eT sr K HY pe] QTE SEY Se of Hel IF See TP APL CATS PP fale allains ELD Sree tsp < A ARIK ae Tis iD Hi iy ; etme Mf! Y TK F< MC Any Wil’ Jf Vif Vs, Vy / MEAT TELIA: ey ¢ Le Mt i 5 st so MeN, if jhe faa: Lar AON, as yeah A esr ic VF =f epee by © Png : ah bee. BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. XIII ond 1 hed 2 LIST OF KIN GS. NO. 1 Cc. B: S$. 14220. ABOVE OBVERSE. BELOW REVERSE PLATE NN cp ~ / l Sa a | Y, . unm) ‘i aya y AM HL Mey ; ~~ f My), - HJakt bosfanad a> tee if” é Ae > ae ‘ Z.. a ; i GN er jy By Me EN) os Hf “A dis. ei “ Zz ‘ 1 - 2 a ity oe hes “0 HON 4 AA ai ‘ Dp” ' / t oF ‘ Y a, v enag Ii j i B Ze <3 ”~ eo) ali H . j \ | , \. Wy Z\ ( ) IA . . Lys J we f y t 2 ( Mi iy Wye, My! & + M1 Hany, oe , . 5 = Shee ~~ 4 a i, a ¢ } ' oo PN «J, Nj, Sean My, Ay, itt Ae 4 . re f a : “Mau ' JME fe ff ig tcit een yy, Wy 7, ha - t oe. Yite ik > be ; a U1, , Wy Kerbela ,—7 ¥ 7g, ui) Meshed Hosein ‘oe 3 > VA Khe Maye 7] ted CMe thy Uf Dizfd LOWY Misa, Mii *y 3 ne ‘pKuteltia\. NS ae Hamman St 8 Tel = d 42 Mantar-(araghelo 38 © Shatrao i Se gTell Médina ete a aah T. ifr =e — / uk-es ° shujuel == ’ eeeeee Pm yes OO pee _ AAD Vical p . ——— ial Pp ih rte —— Dj. Bossu watlutll \v" rl tel Many ; eae 46 ia. At a he Fea he : H ia ‘ De OPA A a /F an. ™ See fe Le a aM Nad REC ie Wi Wea if} 4 +a it wi eg iw j if & - .) : Noe) SA Oke x)