0' Srom f^e fetfirarg of (pxofcBBox TJ?ifPtam ^cnxT^ (Bteen (J^equeaf^eb 6)? ^im to f^e £i6rari? of (ptincefon ^^eofogtcaf ^emindrg y ^ .'/ ■4i ■■..-A t SUGGESTED EMENDATIONS AUTHORISED ENGLISH VEESIOM THE OLD TESTAMENT BY ELIAS RIGGS, D.D., LL.D., MISSIONARY OF THE A. B. C. F. M. AT COXSTANTINOPLB. ANDOYER: WARREN F. DRAPER, MAIN STREET. 1873. "A!? ^'OT^l^'f} is begun and perfected at the pametime, and THE lateu thoughts ake thought to be the wiser: so ip we, BUILDING UPON THEIR FOUNDATION THAT WENT BEFORE US, AND BEING IIOLPEN BY THEIR LABORS, DO ENDEAVOR TO MAKE THAT BETTER WHICH THEY LEFT SO GOOD, NO MAN, WE ARE SURE, HATH CAUSE TO MISLIKE US; THEY, WE PERSUADE OURSELVES, IP THEY WERE ALIVE, WOULD THANK US."— The Translators {of 1611) to tlie Header. Entered according; to Act of Conpross, in the year 1873, by WARKEN F. DRAPER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. In performing the task entrusted to me of carrying Dr. Riggs's Emendations through the press, I have followed closely,, as respects marginal readings, italics, punctuation, and other details, the edition of our Bible used by him, as exhibited iu his manuscript. But besides removing a few obvious over- sights, such as the author himself would have corrected had he been upon the spot, I have ventured in a few cases to. add a word having reference to the text of 1611.^ Such additions are enclosed within brackets. Also a list of the Hebrew terms elucidated has been appended to the volume for the con- venience of students. While many attempts, in one form or another, have been made -of. late to amend our current version of tlie New Testa- ment, such efforts in reference to the Old Testament, though far more needed, have been by far less numerous. The pres- ent work, therefore, may reasonably expect a cordial reception from the public. The unlearned reader will be gratified to find texts, which have been life-long enigmas to him, cleared up by a rectification of the rendering ; and in his daily perusal 1 In makinfr tlicsc additions, I have used the (inarto volnme printed at the University Press, Oxford, 18;3.'3, Avith the title, " The Holy IJihle, an exact reprint, page for paj^c, of the Anthorizcd Version published in the year mdcxi." Subsequent investi^^ations proved this to be a reproduc- tion of the second of the two folio editions (or impressions) printed in 1611. 4 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. of Scripture this little volume will prove to him a summary of many commentaries. . The student, ifi his turn, will be interested to discover what view is taken of obscure passages by one who, to occidental learning, has added the advantages of a life spent in biblical studies amid the languages and customs of the East. Nor can it fail to be recognized as a happy illustration of the reflex benefits of Christian missions, that at the present time, when the two nations foremost in evani^elistic work are encraojed in revisinor their vernacular Scriptures, this contribution should come to them from beyond the limits of Christendom: The .chief regret, I imagine, of readers of all classes will be, that the suggestions are not more numerous. J. H. T. TUJEOLOGICAL SeMINAKT, AndOVER, MASS., February, 1873. PREFACE. The amendments here suggested are tlie result, not of a systematic revision of the English Version, which I have never attempted, but of comparisons made in the course of translating the Scriptures into the Armenian and Bulgarian languages. They are offered to the candid consideration of all who feel especial interest in the correction of the English Version, and specially of those providentially called to the work of translating the word of God into other tonfnies. In labors of this kind it has been my privilege to be mainly employed for the last twenty-six years, and though I do not seek to make any one else responsible for any of the suggestions here presented, it is fair to say that I have in most cases con- sulted my associates, especially those engaged in similar studies and labors, and have had their concurrence. The reader will not be surprised if he should notice other passages equally needing emendation with those here given. Neither have I attempted to note obsolete words or forms: Of course I should approve of substituting magmficent for marjnijical (1 Chron. 22 : 5), since for slth (Ezek. 3a : 0), and plougJt for ear (1 Sam, 8 : 12), etc. There are also not a f<\v cases in which words have changed tlieir meaning during the last two and a half centuries. Thus the term lewdmss in 6 riiKFACE. IIos. G : 9 is used in a wider sense than that which it now bears. Many readers of the English Bible would be surprised if told that, although the adverb quicUy is used in the sense of speedily, the adjective quick never means speedy, but always alive ; as, "and ihej go down quick into the pit," Num. IG : 30 ; "let them go down quick into hell," Ps. 55 : 15 ; "Then they had swallowed us up quick," Ps. 124 : 3, etc. I would substitute its for Ids and her when they relate to inanimate objects ; as, hasten it in his time," Isa. 60 : 22 ; " it shall not yield her strength," Gen. 4 : 12. Also who for which where it refers to persons. I would employ the name Jehovah instead of the Lord whenever used distinctively as a proper name ; as, " I am Jehovah ; that is my name," Isa. 42 : 8 ; and especially when used by idolaters ; as when Pha- raoh said (Ex. 5:2)," Wlu) is Jehovah, that I should obey his voice ? " The orthography of proper names should be made uniform. This was not sufficiently attended to by the translators of the A. V. Thus we have Seth and Sheth ; Enos and Enosh ; Samuel and Shemuel ; Saul and Shaul ; Hezehiah and Hizi- Jcijah (Neh. 10 : 17), Hizkiah (Zeph. 1 : 1), and even JehizJdah (2 Chron. 28 : 12) ; Isaiah and Jesaiah (1 Chron. 3 : 21), and Jeshaiah (Ezra 8:19), etc. A complete list of the proper names should be prepared (there are more than twenty-six hundred in the Old Testament), and a uniform spelling ad- hered to. I should write the same name uniformly in a ti-anslatioii, even though diversely spelled in the original, writing (e.g.) NebucJtadaezzar and Tir/lath-pilescr, even where the Hebrew text has Nehiichadrezzar and Tilgatli-pilncser. I do not vcntiire at pi'esent to oiler suggestions on the New PREFACE. 7 Testament, because of the uncertainty wlilcli still rests on the question what Greek text shall be made the basis of revision. When the work of preparing the Armenian translation of the Scriptures was placed in my hands, the New Testament had already been published by the B. and F. B. S., translated from the ancient Armenian version, and varying in numerous passages from the Greek. In revising this version and con- forming it to the original Greek text, I adopted, with the approval of the mission, the rule not to alter the readings of the Armenian whenever they were sustained either by the textus receptus or by the best critical editions of the Greek. The brethren in charge of the Arabic and Turkish translations (again with the approval of their respective missions, and in compliance with the expressed wishes of the Bible societies), have conformed throughout to the textus receptus. I have done the same in the Bulgarian version, because the old Slavic version, already in the hands of the same people for whom that is prepared, was made from a text which corresponds almost throughout with the textus receptus. In preparing a revision of the English version I should not think it right to do this. The results reached by the ablest critical investigations of the last two and a half centuries should not be thrown away. I have no scruple in using the English version as it is, nor in leaving untouched the text already acknowledged by those who use languages derived from the Slavic. But in preparing or revising an English translation of the New Testament it seems to me that the best 'attainable text should be made the basis, and that all existing readings not sustained by that text should be thrown into the margin, or at least into brackets as of doul)tful authority. 8 rilEFACE. May the Author of the Scriptures accept and bless this humble attempt to contribute to a correct understanding of his precious word. ELIAS RIGGS. CoKSTANTiNOPLE, May, 1872. N. B. Where (rnarg.) is placed after an emendation, the reading proposed is found in the margin of the English Bible ; the addition (= marg.) indicates that the proposed reading is equivalent to a marginal reading of the English Bible. Where (inarg.) precedes a reading, that reading is suggested for the mariiin in case the one before it is inserted in the text. SUGGESTED EMENDATIONS. GENESIS COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 1 : IG two iri'eat lights the two great lights 2 : 18, 22, 25 the man Adam 3:12, 22, 24 the man Adam 4 : 13 My punishment is My iniquity is too great to greater than I can bear. be forgiven.^ (marg.) 4 : 15 upon Cain for Cain (retaining upon in the marg.) 4 : 17 builded was building 4 : 21 organ pipe 6 : 3 strive continue {inarg.^ Heh. rule) ^ The Heb. has the article, q. d. the two well-known great lights, the sun and moon. ^ Every student of Hebrew is aware that "j^'J primarily and usually signifies iniquity, and secondarily and much less fre- quently punishment. The verb Nw"? , on the other hand, l)rimarily signifies to hear, and secondarily to tale away or forgive. The connection here compels us to choose between the primary meaning of the noun with the secondary meaning of the vei'b, and the secondary meaning of the noun with the primary meaning of the verb. In either case there does not appear in Cain any true penitence, but simply a desjiairing view of the consequences of his sin. 9 10 GENESIS. COMMON VERSION. 6 : 5 God 6 : 14 gopher 8 : 21 for 10 : 21 tlie brother of Ja- pheth the elder 14 : 1 nations 14 : 15 left hand 15 : 1 I am thy shield and thy exceeding great re- ward. 15 : 11 fowls IG : 13 Thou God seest me. 16 : 13 Have I also here looked after him that seeth me ? EMENDATION. the Lord (or Jehovah) resinous {inarg., or cypress) though {piarg., or for) the elder brother of Japhcth ^ Goim north (marg., Heh. left) I am thy shield: thy reward shall be exceedinir (Treat. birds of prey Thou art the God of my vision. Do I now here see after my vision ?2 ^ I prefer this rendering for the following reasons: 1. With uch a noun as ni< or "in the adjective ?i'^f''^ naturally signifies tlie elder, but is never found with this signification when joined simply to a proper name, unless this be an instance. 2. In the various instances in which the sons of Noah are mentioned, Shem is uniformly mentioned first. 3. If Japheth were the elder, I can conceive of no reason why the fact should here be referred to ; whereas if Shem be the elder brother, it is natural that this fact should be stated, because (for the sake of its immediate connection with the following history of his descendants) his genealogy is placed last. ^ I know not in what sense the translators used the phrase holed after. It seems plain that '^*;ns< nx-i can have no such meaning as that phrase now usually bears. GENESIS. 11 COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. IC: : U marff., the well of the living God of my vision. 18; : 10 according to the time in the next year (marg., Heh. of life according to the time of life) 19 ; : 1 there came two angels the two angels came 20: : IG he is to thee it shall he for thee 22: ; 14 In the mount of the In the mount the Lord will 22: : 14 In the mount of the Lord it shall be seen. In the mount the Lord will appear (or, if we adhere strictly to the pointing^ In the mount of Jehovah he shall appear). 25 : : 18 died dwelt 27 : 40 have the dominion wander wildly away 30: : 11 A troop Good fortune 30: : 33 it shall come for my hire my hire shall come to he reckoned 36: : 24 mules hot springs 37: : 2 unto his father unto their father 38: : 5 conceived and (omit) 38: : 8 marry her perform to her the duty of a husband's brother 38: : 14 an open place Enaim 38; : 18 bracelets cord 38; : 20 kid kid of the goats 38; : 21 that place her place 38: : 21 openly in Enaim 41 : 7 And the seven thin ears And the thin ears 12 GENESIS. COMMON VERSION. 41 : 57 all lands 42 : 26 the corn 42 : 3G are against me 43 : 8 little ones 43 : 11 nuts 45 : 24 see that ye 45 : 2G Jacob's 47 : 18 our money 47 : 18 our herds 47 : 21 to cities EMENDATION. all the earth their corn (or their grain) have come upon me families pistachio nuts {ojnit) his the money the herds from city to city 48 : 5 Ephraim and Manasseh {transfer from the first to the second clause.) 49 : 5 instruments of cruelty their swords are instruments are in their habitations. of cruelty {or of violence). {marg.) 49 : G they digged down a they houghed oxen, {marg.) wall. 49 : 9 an old lion : a lioness : {and so wherever ifi:;^ occurs.) 49 : 10 unto him shall the unto him shall the people be gathering of the people obedient. be. 49 : 14 two burdens: the stalls:' 50 : 23 brought up born^ ^ i.e. when born were placed on Joseph's knees. Perhaps it would be better to render, " were born and set on Joseph's knees." I know of no authority for rendering this verb " to bring up," as is done also in 2 Sam. 21:8. EXODUS. 13 EXO D U S COMMON -VERSION. 1:11 treasure-cities 3:14 I AM THAT I AM. 3 : 22 borrow EMENDATION. Store-cities I AM THAT AM (ov letter, I AM He tuat is).^ ask 2 4 : 15 words the words 4: 26 then she said, A bloody then because of the circum- husband tliou art, be- cision she said. Thou art cause of the circumci- a bloody husband. sion. 8: 9 Glory over me : Appoint me a time : 8: IG etc. lice gnats 8: 21 etc. swarms of Jlies dog-flies ^ ^ 9 : 22 that there may be hail and there shall be hail 9 : 32 rye spelt 10 : 1 before him among them 10 : 4 Else, For, ^ The former is the more literal, the latter the more intel- ligible rendering. I doubt very much whether the translators intended to express the thought, " I am what I am." They seem rather to have aimed at strict literalness, even to the sacrifice of P^nglish idiom. - Is there any necessity here for the implication of a frau- dulent promise to restore what was asked from the Egyp- tians ? bxd signifies both to ash and to borroic, and why not its causative form to grant as well as to lend? See note on 12 : 30. 14 EXODUS. COMMON VEKSION. BMBN] 10; : 24 little ones families 12: : 35 borrowed asked 12: ; 36 lent gave^ 12 : : 37 children their families 13: : 13 lamb sheep 13 ; : 18 harnessed . in ranks 15: : 2 prepare him a tion ; habita- praise him ; IG: : 15 It is manna : What is it ?2 20; : 3 before me. beside me. 20; : 4 graven image image 22; : 28 gods • judges {mar 25 : 2D and covers thereof, * and bowls thereof, to cover withal : 26 : 4, 5 coupling of the sec- ond 26 : 10 the curtain which coupleth the second. and bowls thereof and cups thereof to pour out libations {or drink offerings) : second coupling {or set of cur- tains) the curtain at the edge of the second coupling {or set). ^ Whatever may have been the temper or intention of Pharaoh and his councillors, it is evident that the people of Egypt were desperate, and urged the departure of the Israelites as if it were with them a case of life and death ; see vss. 33 a.nd 39. Thus they were ready to give up anything to save their own lives. ^ "With a marginal note explaining that the word yo , origi- nally signifying What ? became subsequently the name of the manna, in consequence of the questioning here recorded. EXODUS. 15 COMMON VERSION. 26 22, 23, 27, etc. sides 28 : 8 the curious girdle 28 : 14 chains of pure gold at the ends ; of wreathen work 28 : 20 beryl 28 : 27 sides 29 : 18 {and wherever iittix "occurs) 29 : 25 for a burnt offering 30 : 25 apothecary 32 : 25 {twice) naked 3G : 11, 12 coupling of the second. 3G : 32 sides 37 : IG and covers thereof, and bowls thereof, to cover withal, 39 : 4 to couj^le it 39 : 13 beryl BMENDATION. the belt chains of pure gold ; twisted, of wreathen work chrysolite shoulder-pieces {omit the words '' made by fire ") 1 upon the burnt offering perfumer {marg.) dissipated second coupling {or set of cur- tains^. rear and bowls thereof and cups thereof to pour out libations {or drink offerings), coupled chrysolite ^ In Lev. 24 : 7, 9 we find the shew-bread spoken of as an nvirx. Hence, notwithstanding the derivation of the term ivomfre, it seems more suitable to render it generally, sac- rijice. 16 LEVITICUS. LEVITICUS. COMMON VERSION. 1 : 2 an offering unto the Lord, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock. 1 : 3 of his own voluntary will 1 : 1 G with his feathers 2:12 As for the oblation 2 : 14 thy first fruits 4 : 3 according to the sin of the people 5 : 1 swearing G : 21 (Heb. 14) baken 8 : 31 I commanded. EMENDATION. an offering unto the Lord of cattle, ye shall bring your offering of the herd or of the flock.^ so as to be accepted with the filth thereof (jtvurg.) As an oblation^ the first fruits to the trespassing of the people {or so as to lead the people into trespass) adjuration cut in pieces and fried ^ I was commanded,* ^ If we adopt this rendering the accents have to be neg- lected. Still the connection seems to require it, as well as the order of words in the Hebrew. Other corbans might be offered ; but if the corban be of cattle, it may be of larger or of smaller cattle, and the specifications follow. ^ Not making this verse commence a new paragraph. ^ This interpretation of rra'np seems the most probable one, especially on a comparison of the con-esponding Arabic term. The rendering should be the same in 7:12, where the A. V. has fried. * Disregarding the points, but sustained by the LXX, Vul- gate, Syriac, etc. Cf. vs. 35, and the Hebrew pointing there. LEVITICUS. 17 COMMON VERSION. IG owl IG night-hawk 17 little owl 17 great owl 10 lapwing 20 tortoise 30. ferret chameleon lizard snail 11 : 30 mole 11 : 34 on which such water Cometh 13 : 23 burning boil 13 : 24 quick flesh that burn- etii 13 : 28 an inflammation IG : 5 two kids of the goats IG : 20 afflict your souls 10 : 20 she shall be scourged 22 : IG suflfer them to bear 23 : 40 boughs 25 : 35 relieve him : yea, though he he a stranger, 25 : 54 in these years 2G : 45 their aucesitors EMENDATION. ostrich owl night-hawk ibis hoopoe (We translate all these words by terms designating differ- ent kinds of lizards. If no distinctive terms can be found in English, I would retain the Hebrew words.) chameleon on wtiich there is water scar of the boil scar of the burn the scar two he-goats humble your souls {or your- selves) they shall be scourged lade themselves with (or bring upon themselves) {marg.) fruit {marg.) relieve him as a stranger, by these means {marg.) their ancestors 18 NUMBERS NUMBERS COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 2 : 3 on the east side 3 : 35 was 3 : 4G those that are to be redeemed 4 : 14 censers G : 20 shoulder 11 : 1 And when the people complained it displeased the Lord : 11 : 8 fresh oil 11 : 25 prophesied and did not cease. 11 : 28 yomig 1 2 : G will make . . . will speak 12:8 will I speak . . . shall he behold 14 : 2 Would God that we had died 14 : 11 provoke forward shall he the redemption fire-pans \_Note. They belong to the altar of burnt offer- ing.] thigh ^ And the people complained bitterly in the ears of the Lord {or against the Lord — putting the literal ren- dering in the margin,) oil-cakes prophesied ; but did not do so again. chosen make . . . speak I speak . . . doth he behold AYould that (or Oh that) we had died contemn {so vs. 23.) ^ It would seem that the word shoulder, which is used in vs. 19 for 5i"it, must have been used for either a fore or a hind quarter of animals, as the Latin annus also appears to have been. NUMBERS 19 COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 14 : 12 disiuherit destroy 14 : 23 provoked contemned {so IG : 30) 14 : ?5 dwelt dwell 'l4 : 34' breach of promise withdrawal 15 : 25 they shall bring they have brought 18 : : 13 the land their land 18 : 24 unto them concerning them 19 : 17 heifer heifer 19 : : 19 purify himself, and wash purify him, and he shall wash 21 ; : 1 king Arad the Cana- an ite the Canaanite king of Arad 21 ; : 1 the spies Atharim 21 : : 14 what he did in the Red sea Vaheb in Suphah (jnarg.) 21 ; : 20 ill the valley to the valley 21 ; : 20 to the top of Pisgah by the peak of Pisgah 22; : 5 of the land in tlie land 22: : 30 ever since I was thine all thy life (marg.) 23 : : 24 great lion lioness {so 24 : 9) 23 ; : 24 young lion lion 24: : 7 He shall pour the water Water shall flow 24: : 9 Blessed is . . . cursed is Blessed be . . . cursed be 21 : : 17 corners princes {marg.) 27 : ; 14 to sanctify 9 and did not sanctify 27 ; : 14 in Kadesh by Kadesh 20 DEUTERONOMY. COMMON VEE8IOX. 27 : 21 who shall ask counsel for him 28 : 5 flour 30 : 1 (2) concerning 30 : G (7) And if she had at all an husband, when she vowed, or uttered aught out of her lips, wherewith she bound her soul ; 31 : 10 goodly castles 31 : 32 rest 32 : 22 before the Lord : then afterward ye shall re- turn, and be guiltless EMENDATION. and shall ask counsel of him fine flour (cf. Lev. 2 : 1,4, etc.) of And if she be married to a husband having upon her- self vows or anything rashly spoken, by which she has bound herself; villages sum {vr abundance) families before the Lord, and after- wards ye return, ye shall be guiltless 7 DEUTERON OMY. 1 the Red sea Suph (inarg. Zuph) 13 Take you wise men, Take from among your tribes and understanding, and wise men and understand- known among your ing and known. tribes, 1 : 30 in that day had no this day have no knowledge knowledge 1 : 41 were ready to go up lightly (or rashly) went up into the hill into the hill. DEUTERONOMY. 21 COJTSrON VERSION. 2 : 23 Ilazerim 4 : 7 hath God 4 : 4£) the s^^rings of Pisgah 7 : 5 groves 10:5 and there they be 12 : 11 Then there shall be a place 12 : 19 the earth 14:5 wild ox 14 : 5 chamois. 14 : 15, etc. 20 : 19 (for the tree of the field is man's life) to employ them in the siege. 21 : 23 that thy land be not defiled, 23 : 9 the host goeth forth 28 : 5, 17 store 28 : 22 sword EMENDATION. villages hath its gods Ashdoth-pisgah Asheras ^ that they might be there Then to the place thy land oryx camelopard. (see Lev. 11 : 16, etc.) for, is the tree of the field man, to enter before thee into siege ? that thou defile not thy land, thou goest forth on an expe- dition . kneading-trough drought (marg.) ^ Wlierever •Tndi< occurs I would render it Ashera or image of Ashera. The idea of rendering it grove has probably arisen from the custom of having trees or bowers overshadowinsr the images of Ashera, the supposed goddess of fortune. Hence, also, probably the expression " cut down their Asheras," im- plying the demolition not only of the idol, but also of the trees or bower overshadowinor it. DEUTERONOMY. COMMON VERSION. 28 : 35 that cannot 28 : 54 which he shall leave : 29 : 18 gall 29 : 19 imagination 30 : 20 he is thy life 32 : 27 behave themselves strangely, 32 : 27 Our hand is high, and the Lord hath not done all this. 32 : 32 gall 32 : 42 beginning of revenges upon the enemy. 33 : 3 loved 33 : 3 sat down 33 : 3 every one shall receive 33 : 29 be found liars unto thee ; EMENDATION. whereof thou canst not which he shall have remaining : poison (jnarg.) stubbornness {marg.) this is thy life deny the Lord, Our high hand, and not the Lord, hath done all this. poison chief of the princes of the enemy. loveth sit down to receive be subdued before thee ;^ ^ Not, yield thee feigned sulmission. The falsehood here implied is the falsehood or utter failure of the enemies' hopes. The rendering he found liars unto thee might be preserved in the margin. JOSHUA.* 23 JOSH UA COMMON VERSION. 3 : IS' cutoff from the waters 4:11 the ark of the Lord passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people. 5 : 2 sharp knives 5 : 6 because they obeyed not 5 : 11, 12 old corn 6 : 4 etc. trumpetg of rams' horns 6 : 5 ram's horn 7:3 but let 7:12 could not stand 7 : 12 turned 7 : 12 were 8: 16 Ai 9 : 4 made as if they had been ambassadors, 9 : 14 the men took of their victuals 10 : 40 springs 11 : 2 of the mountains, and of 11 : 13 stood still in their strength, ESrENDATION. cut off, even the waters the ark of the Lord and the priests passed over in front of the people. knives of flints (marg.) who obeyed not corn Jubilee trumpets Jubilee horn let shall not be able to stand shall turn have become the city prepared provisions, they received the men by rea- son of their victuals {marg.) country at the foot of moun- tains in the mountains, and in stood upon their mounds. 24 JOSHUA. COMMON VERSION. 12:1 river 12 : 23 the nations 13:4 IS beside 13 : 19 the valley 15 : 3 Maaleh-acrabbim 15 : 7 En-rogel 15:8 the giants 15 : 25 Hazor, Hadattah 16:2 Archi to Ataroth 18 : 14 compassed the cor- ner of the sea south- ward, 18 : IG En-rogel 19 : 33 Adami, Nekeb, 22 : 11 over against EMEITDATION. torrent (or ravine) ^ Goim (pr. n.) belongeth to Emek the going up to Acrabbim ()n.) the fountain of Rogel ^ Rephaim (also 17 : 15 marg.) Hazor-hadattah Archi-ataroth reaching its western limit turned toward the south, the fountain of Rogel ^ Adami-nekeb, on the side of ^ ^ The best rendering of bns would be a term like the Arabic wadi, designating a valley or ravine and the torrent which runs through it. For want of such a term we are compelled to render it sometimes ravine and sometimes torrent. ^ En-rogel is not like En-dor, etc. the name of a town or village, but simply of a fountain. ^ The phrase over against is ambiguous. In Josh. 8 : 33 it plainly signifies on the side q/*, not opposite, and there it may as well stand unchanged. So in 9 : 1 it seems most naturally to signify in the direction of Mt. Lebanon. Here, however, it would most naturally convey the impression that the monu- mental altar was east of the Jordan, whereas I understand vs. 10 as asserting that it was in the Land of Canaan. The JUDGES 25 COMMON VERSION. 24 : 13 for which 24 : 2G an oak EMENDATION. in which the terebinth^ JUDGES. 1:16 in the south to the south 1:19 drave out the inhahi- got possession of the mountain tanis of the mountain {marg.) ^ 1 : 24 si^ies sentries (or watchmen) 1 : 35 Heres Heres, 2 : 3 as thorns in your sides enemies to you 3 : 2 to teach them war and be taught war ^ aim of the two and a half tribes in erectins: it seems also to require that it sliould be in the Laud of Canaan, as an asser- tion of their right to a share in the religious privileges con- nected with that land. ^ That nbx and "jibx designate differeut trees is manifest from Isa. G : 13, where both occur. In interpreting the dif- ferent pointings of these words the lexicons vary. It would seem most probable, however, that as the word for oak was pronounced both "p^x and y^x that for terebinth was both nbx and nbx . ' There is no serious difference between these renderings ; but the construction of the verb in this clause directly with the mountain and in the succeeding clause with the inhabi- tants^ seems to justify the use of different terms in rendering it in the two clauses. ^ I would translate so as to convey tlie meaning that God would teach the children of Israel war (i.e. give them experi- 26 JUDGES. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 3 : 7 the groves 3 : 24 covereth his feet o : 28 toward Moab 4:11 plain 5 : 2 avencrino: Asheroth {or with an Eng. pi. termin. Asheras ; and so wherever iT^Trx occurs, of. p. 21 note.) is easing himself {marg.) before the Moabites ^ oak {and so wherever ']ib^^ oc- curs.) leading of the chiefs 5 : 7 inhabitants of the vil- chiefs {so vs. 11) lages 5 : 9 of Israel, that offered of Israel : ye that offered your- themselves willingly selves willingly among the among the people. Bless people, bless 5:13 Then he made him Then the remnant of the peo- that remaineth have do- pie came down against the minion over the nobles among the people : the Lord made me have do- minion over the mighty. 15 he was sent on foot nobles ; the Lord came down for me against the mighty. he was sent after him 15 For the divisions of R. Among the divisions of B. IG searchings 5 : 17 breaches G : 11, 19 an oak G : 2G place doubtings harbors the terebinth manner ence of war), not that they should learn and then teach their children. 1 Compare c'l'^pKb , 12 : 5. JUDGES. 27 coanrON version, 8 : 21, 26 ornaments 8 : 24, 25, 2G ear-rings 8 : 26 collars 9 : 6 plain of the pillar 9 : 31 fortify 9 : 33 them 9 : 37 middle 9 : 37 plain 10 : 4 Havoth-jair 10 : 8 that year 11 : 25 fight against them, 11 : 26 While Israel dwelt . . . three hundred years ? 11 : 33 the plain of the vine- yards 13 : 12 how shall we do unto him ? 13 : 18 secret 14 : 19 spoil 15 : 8, 11 top 15 : 18 into the hand of thy servant 15 : 19 an hollow place that was in the jaw EMENDATION. moon-shaped ornaments (w.) rings ear-rings oak of the guard station stir up him high parts oak {see 4 : 11) the towns of Jair (marg.) from that year fight against them ? Israel hath dwelt . . . three hundred years ; Abel-keramim what shall he do ? wonderful (marg.) apparel (marg.) cleft by the hand of thy servant the cleft that is in Lehi i ^ The fountain is spoken of as remaining, and could not therefore be in the jaw-bone. Besides, the word rendered an 28 JUDGES. COMMON VEUSION. 16:7 etc. green withs IG : 21 fetters of brass 16 : 29 on which it was borne up, 17 : 13 a Levite to 18 : 7 no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing ; 18 : 21 carriage 18 : 25 upon thee 19 : 6 for the damsel's father had said 19 : 28 and the man rose up 20 : 18, 26, 31 the house of God 20 : 38 sign 20 : 42 them which came out of the cities they de- stroyed EMENDATION. fresh tendons fetters ^ leaned on them, (marg.) the Levite as no one in the land to do them harm or to exercise control over them ; valuable things upon you and the damsel's father said and rose up Bethel 2 time those that came out of the cities destroyed. hollow place has the article, as if referring to a well-known cleft. In the end of the verse the translators felt that ^nb should be rendered as a proper name. ^ So 2 Sam. 3 : 34 ; 2 Kings 25 : 7 ; Jer. 39 : 7 ; 52 : 11. 2 That b^?-n1S should be rendered in these passages as a proper name seems apparent from a comparison of 21 : 19. RUTH. 29 RUTH. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 2:14 said unto her, At meal said unto her at meal time, time come thou Come thou 3: ; 15 she went he went 3 ; : 16 Who How 1 SAM UEL. 1 ; : 5 worthy double {marg.) 2: : 25 the judge God 2; : 32 an enemy affliction 3; : 3 in the temple of the and Samuel was laid down to Lord, where the ark of sleep in the temple of the God was, and Samuel Lord, where the ark of was laid down to sleep ; God was ; 3 : 13 vile 3:14 unto the house of Eli G : 13 their wheat harvest 7 : 9 heard 10 : 18 and of them accursed [marg.) in respect to the house of Eli the wheat harvest answered (marg.) (omit) 12:15 us it was against your and against your fathers fathers 13:1 Saul reigned one year ; Saul had then reigned one year ; 13 : 20 share spade _ 13 : 20 coulter share ^ ^ Rendered plough-shares Isa. 2 : 4 and Mic. 4 : 3. 30 1 SAMUEL. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 13 : 21 mattocks spades 13 : 21 coulters shares (cf. p. 29 note.) 14 : 33 this day now 15 : 12 place trophy {marg., Heb. hand) 17 : G target javelin {marg., or shield) 17 : 20 trench place of the wagons 17 : 28 for thou art come doubtless thou art come 17 : 29 Is there not a cause? Is it not talk? {marg., or Is there not a cause ?) 17 : 34 Thy servant kept When thy servant kept his his father's sheep, and father's sheep, and there there came a lion and a came a lion or a bear and bear and took a lamb took a sheep or goat from out of the flock ; the flock, 17 : 35 And I went out I went out 17 : 3G Thy servant slew Thy servant hath slain both both the lion and the lion and bear ; bear ; 17 : 45 shield javelin 18 : 21 my son-in-law in the my second son-in-law one o/the twain. 18 : 25 by into 20 : 9 Far be it from thee : Far be it from thee that if . . . for if . . . then would not I should not tell it thee. I tell it thee ? 20:12 Lord God of Israel, The Lord God of Israel he witness, 20 : 18 to David to him 1 SAMUEL. 31 COMMON VBR8ION. 20 : 30 son of the perverse, rebellious woman, 21 : 5 yea, thouL(li it were sanctified this day 22 : 1-i goeth at thy bidding 23 : 22 prepare 24 : 7 servants 25 : 2 whose possessions were 25 : 6 And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace 25 : 22 any that pisseth against the wall 25 : 2G seeing the Lord hath withholden thee . . . thine own hand, now 25 : 33 advice EMEHDATIOW. perverse, rebellious son, (or son of perverse rebellion,) especially when this day there is other sanctified {or con- secrated) {uiary.) is in charge of {or is admitted to) thy audience^ ascertain men whose business was And thus shall ye say, Life unto thee ; peace any male {literal rendering in margin) the Lord hath withholden thee . . . thine own hand, and now prudence ^ That rr^Tl'p signifies audience, or admission to the royal presence, seems plain from 2 Sam. 23 : 23 and 1 Chron. 1 1 : 25, and the substitution of b^ in the latter passage for bx in the former seems to me to show that ^x , both there and in the present passage, was used, as it not unfrequently is, in the sense of V?. There remains no small difficulty in interpreting the word ^D. Any rendering which makes it a participle seems to me hard. I am inclined to regard it as i.q. "b, chief. The LXX render it apx<^v. If it be regarded as a participle, I would render, is admitted to thy audience. 82 2 SAMUEL. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 27 : 11 So did David, and so So did David. And so was 30 will be his manner all the while he dwelleth his manner all the while he dwelt 28 : 22 strength when thou strength ; for thou art going goest on thy way. 16. dancing on thy way. making merry 1 : 9 anmiish 2 SAM U EL. stupor 1 : 9 because my life is yet yet is my life whole whole 1 : 18 the use of iho, bow : the song o/the Bow : 1 : 24 scarlet with other de- elegant scarlet, lights, 2 : 23 fifth rib flank {or abdomen) {so 3 : 27) 3 : 37 For So {or And) 4 : 5 lay on a bed was taking his repose 4 : 10 who thought that I which was the reward I gave would have given him him {marg.) a reward 5:21 burned them. 5 : 23, 24 mulberry 6 : 3 Gibeah G : 10 flagon of wine 7:11 have caused 7 : 29 God took them away {marg.), {perhaps) baca the hill cake I will cause Jehovah 2 SAMUEL. COMMON VEUSION. EMENDATION. 8 4 chariots (omit) 8 4 for an hundred chariots, a hundred chariot horses 8 16 recorder (perhaps) annaUst 10 : 3 Thinkest thou that David doth honor thy father 10:6 king Maacah 11 : 16 obscured 12 : 5 shall surely die 13 : 4 lean 13 : 4 love 13 : 22 unto his brother Am- non 13 : 39 seeing he was dead. 14 : 14 respect any person: yet doth he devise 15 : 7 forty 15 : 19 return to thy place, 15 : 24 went up 16:41 humbly beseech thee that I may 18 : 9, 10, 14, (a?id wherever nbx occurs) oak 18 : 12 Beware that none touch Doth David honor thy father in thine eyes (marg.) the king of Maacah besieged is worthy to die {marg.) thin (marg.) am in love with unto Amnon now that he was dead, take away life, but deviseth (Add ill marg. The Syr. and Ar. read ' four.') return, oflfered sacrifices (marg., or went up) I prostrate myself before thee : may I terebinth (cf. p. 25 note ^) Each of you have a care of 34 2 SAMUEL. COMMON VERSION. 18 : 18 Absalom's Place. 19 : 17 went over Jordan EMENDATION. Absalom's Monument {marg., Heh. hand). reached {marg., or crossed) the Jordan 21 : 8 brought up for bare to 21 : 16, 18, 20, 22 the giant Kapha 22 : 21 rewarded rewardeth 22: 21 hath he recompensed me doth he recompense me 22: : 27 unsavory contrary 22 : ; 30 have run . . . have I leaped run ... I leap 22: ; 35 broken bent {marg., or broken) 22 : : 41 given me the necks turned to me the backs 22; : 42 looked cried {rnarg., or looked) 22: : 44 shall serve served 22 : 45 shall submit submitted 22 : 45 shall be obedient became obedient 22 : 46 shall fade faded 22 : 4$ they shall be afraid were afraid 22 : 51 He is the tower of Great deliverance giveth he to salvation for his king : his king, 23 : 5 althougli he make it and will he not make it to not to grow. grow? 23 : 8 that sat in the seat Josheb-basshebeth 23 : 20 many acts great deeds 1 KINGS. 35 COITMON VERSION. EMEKDATIOIT. 23 : 23 guard 24 : 13 advise audience ^ consider 1 Kl 1 : 42 unto him 2 : 32 the Lord shall return 2 : 33 Their blood shaU 2 : 33 shall there be peace 4 : 8 The son of Hur 4 : 9 The son of Dekar 4: 10 The son of Hesed 4:11 The son of Abinadab 4 : 13 The son of Geber 5 : 17 brought 5 : 18 stone-squarers G : 4 of narrow lights 6 : 15 both the floor of the house and the walls NGS. (omit, or make Italic) the Lord return Let their blood let there be peace Ben-hur (marg.) Ben-dekar (marg.) Ben-hesed (marg.) Ben-abinadab (marg.) Ben-geber (marg.) cut out (or got out) Giblites (marg.) closed with lattices from the floor of the house to the top oythe walls (marg.) ^ See 1 Sam. 22 : 14 and note. There is a real difficulty in expressing the idea here conveyed. The translators hint at it iu the marginal reading council. And inasmuch as the person in charge of admittance to the royal presence would, with liis subalterns, constitute a kind of body-guard, the ren- dering guard is not fai* from expressing the same idea. 36 1 1 KINGS. COMMON VERSION, EMENDATION. G; : 16 sides rear 6; : 23, 31, 32, 32 olive-tree oil-tree ^ 7 ; : 6 thick beam staircase 7: : 7 from one side of the floor to tlie other from the floor to the ceiling 7: : 20 the other chajiiter each of the two capitals ^ 7 : ; 29 additions made of thin work. festoons. 7: ; 30 plates axles 7 : : 30 corners feet 7: ; 33 naves rims 7 : ; 33 felloes spokes 7: ; 33 spokes naves 7 ; : 36 additions festoons 8; : 29, 30 toward this place in this place 8; : 39 according to his ways according to all his ways ^ As rendered Tsa. 41 : 19. In Neh. 8 : 15 (where the A. V. renders it pine) this tree is mentioned after n-jr , sliowing that they are not identical. The lexicons generally make "i-^r Y"?. to be the wild olive tree ; but it is difficult to suppose that the material chosen for the cherubim etc. was the wild olive ; cypress (as the word is rendered by the LXX) or pine (A. V. in Neh.) would suit much better. On the whole it seems to me safest to keep close to the Hebrew, and render oil-tree. ^ The A. V. accords with the existing Ileb. text. But the context and 2 Chron. 4:13 warrant the belief that we have not the text as originally written. 1 KINGS 37 COMMON VERSIPN. 8 : 53 God 10 : G acts 10 : 12 pillars 10 : 28 and linen yarn: the king's merchants re- ceived the linen yarn at a price. 11 : 25 abhorred 16:3 take away the pos- terity of Baasha and the posterity of his house 16 : 18 palace 18 : 5 Go 18 : 7 that 18 : 25 gods 18 : 26 hear 18 : 26 upon the altar 20 : 27 all present. 20 : 33 did diligently observe whether anything would come from him, 20 : 38 ashes upon his face 29 : 41 ashes EMENDATION. Jehovah ^ state railings {marg.) and a caravan of the king's merchants received the droves of horses at a price. annoyed exterminate Baasha and his house interior Come, let us go (omit) god answer up and down about the altar {= marg.) equipped regarded this as a favorable sign, a covering over his eyes coverincr ^ And so wherever nir.,"^,. occurs : (as many times in Ezekiel, etc.). 4 38 2 KINGS. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 21 : 21 take away thy pos- exterminate thee {or pursue terity and destroy thee ; marg.y Heh, consume after thee.) 22 : 34, at a venture (add in the marg.j or with all his strength.) 2 Kl NGS. 1 : 9 Then the king Then the king 2 : 7 to view over against them (rnarg.) 2 : 15 to view over against him (marg.) 3 : (In the contents of the chapter) the king of his first-horn son Edom's son 3:9 for the host, and for the for the host and the ^ 3 : 23 are surely slain have surely fought 4 : 16, 17 (see Gen. 18 : 10.) 4 : 34 stretched himself upon stretched himself upon him the child 4 ; 42 full ears of corn in the fresh ears of corn in his sack husk thereof 5 : 4 one he {or Naaman) 5 : 24 tower hill 5 : 26 heart spirit^ ^ Not the host, and the cattle that followed the host, but the host and cattle that followed the kings- ^ Heart is literal, but according to present usage gives, in this connection, a diflferent meaning. 2 KINGS. 39 COMMON VEUaiON. 7 : 14 chariot horses 10 : 12 the shearing-house 10 : 14 the shearing-house 11:2 were slain ; and they hid him, even him and his nurse, in the bed- chamber, from Athaliah 11:6 broken down 11 : 13 of the guard aiid of the people 14': 28 which belonged 16:5 overcome him 16 : 18 from the house 18 : 32 when he persuadeth 19 : 7 send a blast upon him 19 : 24 besieged places EMENDATION. chariots with their horses Betheked of the shepherds Betheked were slain, even him and his nurse in the bed-chamber ; and they hid him from Athaliah broken in upon {or forced) of the people running {pmit^ noting that interpreta- tion in marg.) carry on the war to the house for he deceiveth put a spirit in him {marg., or Egypt) ^ ^ Does the word *ii^^ ever signify Egypt ? — Gesenius gives it this sense in 2 Kings 19 : 24, Isa. xix. 6, and Isa. xxxvii. 25 ; (the first and last passages are the same). He seems to have overlooked Micah vii. 12, where the word occurs twice, and will equally well bear this sense. Fiirst translates Egypt in all these cases. But 1. ^i::^ everywhere else is a common noun, wliich appears primarily to signify straitness ; then siege, as in the phrase ^'usn Kia , etc. ; then fortification, as in the phrase •nistrs -i^r a fortified city. 2. In the passages cited no one of the ancient versions in Walton gives the rendering Egypt. Had this word actually 40 2 KINGS. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 22 : 14 the college^ Mishneh {marg., or the second part of the city) 23 : 5 planets signs of the zodiac been a name of Egy]:)t in Hebrew, it seems hardly conceivable that neither the authors of the Targum, nor the Seventy (who resided in Egypt), nor the Arabic translator (in whose lan- guage the name wOjo is in the singular number), should liave known it. 3. I can find no evidence that. Sennacherib had conquered Egypt, as Gesenius's rendering of 2 Kings 19 : 24 implies. On the contrary, 18 : 21 seems to imply that he had not. If he had done so, he could hardly have failed to mention Egypt with Ilamath, etc., 19 : 12, 13. Compare also vs. 9. 4. In Isa. 19 D'^"?:£53 occurs more times than there are verses in the chapter. Twenty times it is translated Egypt, and six times Egyptians or Egyptian. Is it not strange that among these an unusual name of Egypt should be once introduced without apparent motive, and that name a word usually hav- ing a different signification, which it will bear here also ? 5. The expression ni:£^ I'nS'., which Fiirst renders cities of Egypt in Mic. 7:12, occurs also 2 Chron. 8 : 5 where it can- not have that meaning, being used of the Upper and jSether Beth-horon, cities built by Solomon in the Land of Judah, and being further explained as cities with walls, gates, and bars. In like manner lis^ ^^ Nah. 3:14 can have no other mean- ing than waters of siege, or water for use in siege. These considerations render it so doubtful in my view whether the sacred writers ever use 'ni:i^ as a name of Egypt, that I do not place that rendering in the text, though I retain it (as a possible one) in the margin. ^ This meaning of H:ir'2 seems to be of much later date, designating a place where the Mishneh or oral law was ex- pounded. 1 CHRONICLES. 41 1 CHRONICLES, COMMON VEKSION. V EMENDATION. 4: 7 and Jezoar Jezoar 4: 9 him him 4: 23 among plants hedges and in Netaim and Gedera 6: 28 Vashni and Joel, and the second G: 77 unto the rest of the unto the rest,^ namely unto children of Merari the children of Merari 12 : 8 buckler spear 16 : 3 flagon of wine cake 16 : 5 Obed-edom : Obed-edom,^ 20 : 3 harrows threshing instruments 20 : 4, 6, 8 the giant Kapha 23 : 4 Of which, twenty- and Of whom, said David, let four thousand were to twenty and four thousand set forward be to oversee 23 : 4 were officers officers 23 : 5 were porters porters 23 : 5 praised to praise 23 : 5 said David {omit) 23 : 13 sanctify consecrate^ ^ i.e. of the Levites. See Josh. 21 : 34. ^ Place a comma after Obed-edom, so as to imply that all mentioned in this verse have psalteries and harps, except Asaph, who, as leader, strikes the cymbal to regulate the time. ^ Or more generally, execute his sacred office in what re- lates to etc. 42 1 CHRONICLES. COMMON VERSION. 24 : 3 And David distributed them, both Zadok . . . and Ahimelech 24 : 3 offices 25 : 6 according to the king's order to Asaph, Jedu- thun, and Heman. EMENDATION. And David and Zadok . . . and Ahimelech . . . distributed them enumeration and under the king's order were Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman. 26 : 7 whose brethren were Aliio, Benihail, 26 : 19 Kore 27 : 5 son of Jehoiada, achief priest : 28 : 11 houses 28 : 11 parlors 28 : 14 of gold by weight 28 : 14 silver also by weight 28 : 16 by weight he gave 28 : 16 likewise 28 : 17 gave 29 : 10 Blessed he thou, 29 : 11 victory Korah son of priest Jehoiada, chief; chambers {or depositories) the weight of gold the weight of silver also the weight of of appointed Blessed art thou, splendor ^ 2 CHRONICLES. 43 2 CH RON ICLES. COMMON VERSION. ' EMENDATION. 1:16 (see 1 Kings 10 : 28.) 2 : 1.3 of Iluram my father's Hiram my master- workman 3 : 3 these are the things this is the foundation which wherein Solomon was Solomon laid instructed 3 : 13 inward toward the house (rnarg.) 4:16 father master-workman 6 : 20, 26 toward in (marg.) 6 : 29 in toward (marg.) 9 : 5 acts state 12 : 12 things went well there were good things (marg.) 14 : 3 cut down the groves brake in pieces the images of Ashera 14 : 5 images sun -images (marg.) 14 : 11 it is nothing there is no difference 17 : 7 to his princes, even to his princes, Ben-hail and Oba- Ben-hail, and to Oba- diah and Zechariah and diah, and to Zechariah, Nathanael and Micaiah^ and to Nethaneel, and to Michaiah, 20 : 16 cliff ascent 24 : 7 the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman Athaliah that wicked woman and her sons ^ Regarding h as designating an accusative case, as in Jer. 40 : 2. 44 2 CHRONICLES. COMMON VERSION. 24 : 27 . burdens laid upon him 26 : 16 to his destruction 28 : 10 made Judah naked 30 : 22 taught 31 : 18 in their set office 32 : 9 power 32 : 24 gave him a sign 33 : 11 among the thorns 33 : 19 the seers 34 : 6 with their mattocks round about 34 : 9 they returned to Jeru- salem 34 : 12 to set it forward ; and other of the Levites, all that could skill of 34 : 14 by Moses 34:22 EMENDATION. burdens imposed by him to do wickedly led Judah into dissipation understood (marg.f or taught) in faithfulness princes wrought a miracle for him (m.) with hooks Hosai (^marg.) with the desolate regions about them of the inhabitants of Jerusalem to oversee ; and of the Levites all who were skilled in {or with) by the hand of Moses (see 2 Kings 22 : 14.) EZRA. 45 EZRA COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 2 Zerubbabel: 3 we ourselves together 10, 11, 17 at such a time Zerubbabel,^ we by ourselves so forth 5 came to Darius : and should come to Darius and an then they returned an- answer should be returned swer 7 : 12 unto Ezra the priest, unto Ezra the priest, a perfect a scribe of the law of scribe of the law of the the God of heaven, per- God of heaven, and so feet peace, and at such forth, a time. 7 : 23 of the God of heaven : for why should there be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons ? 10 : 10 to increase 10 : 15 Only Jonathan of the God of heaven ; lest there should be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons. increasing So Jonathan ^ Point with a comma, so that the ten following names may be in the same regimen with Zerubbabel ; compare Neh. 7 : 7. [So pointed in (2d) ed. of 1611. J. ii. t.] 46 NEHEMIAH. NEHEMIAH. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 2 8 forest park 2 8 palace tower 2 1 2 at Jerusalem for Jerusalem 3 1 6 house of the mighty Beth-haggibborim (or House, etc.) 3 . 26 dwelt in Ophel, who dwelt in Ophel, repaired 3: 31 goldsmith's son son of Zorephi 4: 2 fortify themselves be left to themselves 4: 15 had brought brought 5 : 10 usury exaction G: 16 and all the heathen all the heathen that were that were about us saw about us were afraid, and these things, they were were much cast down much cast down . 7 : 2 palace tower 8: 14 written in the law written in the law that the which the Lord had Lord had commanded by commanded by Moses, the hand of Moses that that 8: 15 pine oil-tree ^ 8: 18 manner commandment 9 : 4 stairs scaffold (jnarg.) : 19 from them from over them 10 : 38 shall be with shall be partaker with * See note on 1 Kincs vi. 23. ESTHER. 47 COMMON VERSION. 11 : 14 son ofoweq/* the great men. 11 : 22 of Micha. Of the sons of Asaph, the sing- EMENDATION. son of Haggedolim. {marg.) of INIicah, of the sons of Asaph, the singers, wJhO were 12 : 25 thresholds 12 : 45 And both the singers and the porters kept the ward of their God and the ward of the purifi- cation. treasuries (marg.) And they [the Levites"] kept the charge of their God and the charge of the puri- fication ; also the singers and the porters, HER. Shushan the capital EST 1 : 2 Shushan the palace 1 : 4 riches of his glorious glorious riches of his kingdom kingdom 1 : 4 honor of his excellent majesty 1 : 6 green 1 : 6 red. and blue, and white, and black, marble. 1 : 10 chamberlains 1:12 by his chamberlains exceeding splendor of his ma- jesty carbasus ^ porphyry, white marble, ala- baster, and black marble, eunuchs (inarg.) by the hand of the eunuchs {marg.) ^ A species of linen fabric, not a color. 48 JOB COMMON VERSION. 1 : 19 more EMENDATION. 1 : 22 that it should be pub- should speak the language of lished according to the his own people, language of every peo- ple. 3 : 15 given published 1 : 20 shaved his head 2:11 for they had made 3 : 5 stain it 3 : 8 their mourning JOB. cut off the hair of his head and they made take possession of it monsters {or Leviathan) 3 : 26 I was not in safety, I have no safety nor rest nor neither had I rest, nei- quiet, but trouble comes ther was I quiet; yet upon me. trouble came. 4:6 Is not this thy fear, thy Is not thy piety {inarg.^ Heb, confidence, thy hope fear) thy confidence, and and the uprightness of the uprightness of thy ways thy ways ? thy hope ? 4: : 11 old lion lion 4 ; : 1 1 stout lion's whelp lioness' whelps 4 ; : 12 thing word 5 ; : 2 For Truly 5 ; : 24 not sin find nothinir lac JOB. 49 COMMON VKU810N. 6:10 Then should I yet have comfort : yea, I would harden rayself in sor- row : let him not spare ; for I have not con- cealed G : lo Is not my help in me ? and is wisdom driven quite from me ? G : 18 The paths of their way are turned aside 6 : 26 Do ye imagine to re- prove words, and the speeches of one that is desperate, w/iich are as wind ? 7:1 an appointed time 7 : become loathsome 7 : 20 Preserver of men 8 : 4 cast them away for their transgression 8:16 before the sun 8 : 18 If he destroy 9 : 9 Arcturus 9 : 24 where, and who 9 : 29 If I be wicked, 9 : 35 it is not so with me. EMENDATION. Yet shall I have this comfort : (yea I will harden myself in sorrow which does not spare ;) that I have not concealed Am I not helpless ? and is not relief driven quite from me ? The caravans turn aside out of their way Do ye imagine to reprove words ? whereas the speech- es of one that is desperate are as wind. a warfare {inary.) dissolves (or wastes away) Observer of men give them over to their trans- gressions before the rising of the sun If one destroy the Great Bear who I shall be accounted wicked ; thus I am not in my own power. 50 JOB, COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION, 10 : : 1 G a fierce Jion a lion 11 : 3 thee thee 11 : 12 would be wise, though will boast; and man is bom man be born 11:17 thou shalt shine forth though thou wert in darkness 12:4 who calleth upon God, but whoso calleth upon God, and 12 : 18 girdle rope 13 : 25 break show thyself terrible to 15 : 11 is there any secret and the gentle words spohen thing with thee ? to thee ? 15 : 2G on his neck, upon ' with his neck, with 15 : 32 accomplished cut off {marg.) 15 : 35 vanity iniquity {inarg.) IG : IG foul swollen 17 : 1 corrupt spent 17:5 speaketh flattery to his giveth up his friends to be friends, plundered, 17 : G aforetime I was as a I am to them an object of dis- tabret gust 18 : 5 spark flame 19 : 3 make yourselves stun me. strange to me. 10 : 17 though I entreated and my entreaties to the chil- for the children's sake dren of my mother's womb, of my own body. 19 : 27 thoiKjh my reins be my reins are consumed consumed JOB, 51 COMMON VKRSION. 20 : 10 to please the poor 20 : 21 shall no man look for his goods. 20 : 25 Cometh out of the body 21 : 24 his breasts are full of milk 22 : 7 weary 22 : 20 Whereas our substance is not cut down, but the remnant of them the fire consumeth, 22 : 28 the humble person. 22 : 30 the island of the in- nocent : and it is de- livered 24 : 1 Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Al- mighty, do they that know him not see his days ? 24 : 2 feed thereof. 24 : 5 food for them and for their children. EMENDATION. the favor of the i)Oor his prosperity shall not endure. shall pierce the body his flanks are full of fat thirsty^ Have not our enemies been cut down, and (has not) the fire consumed the rem- nant of them ? him whose eyes are downcast. (= marff.) him who is not innocent : even he shall be delivered How is it that times are not hidden from the Almighty, and 7/et they that know him do not see his days ? ^ feed thetn. (inarg.) them food for their children. ^ As the same word is rendered Prov. 25 : 25. ~ There is no essential difference in the sense ; but by the proposed rendering the ambiguity of the latter clause is avoided. [In 1611 it was even printed with commas after they and not. — j. u. T.] 62 JOB. COMMON VERSION. 24 : G his corn in the field : 24: : 17 [{one know them, they are in the terrors 26 : 5 Dead things are formed from under the waters, 2G : 12 divideth 20 : 13 crooked 27 : 11 by the hand of God : 27 : 23 hiss him out of his place. 28 : 4 The flood breaketh out from the inhabitant ; even the waters forgot- ten of the foot ; they are dried up, they are gone away from men. 28 : 7 fowl 28 : 8 the lion's whelps 28 : 8 fierce lion 30 : 2 old age 30 : 3 in former time 30 : 12 youth 30 : 13 they have no helper. 30 : 24 to the grave, though they cry in his destruc- tion. EMKNDATION. in a field not his own : for they are familiar with the terrors The shades tremble from be- neath 5 likewise the waters rebuketh fleeing what is in the hand of God : hiss at him from his place. From the place of his dwelling he opens a pit [a mine] ; where foot does not tread they are suspended ; they swing away from men. wild fowl {or bird of prey) wild beasts lion {marg., Heh. roarer) vigor gloomy puppies there is no helper against them. to the ruin if they cry when he destroys them. 30 : 29 dragons jackals JOB. 53 COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 30 : 20 owls 31:8 offspring be rooted out. 31 ; 31 Oh that we had of his flesh ! we cannot be sat- isfied. 31 : 34 Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families ter- rify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door ? ostriches (piarg.) produce be rooted up. AViien have we not been satis- fied {or Who can show one who has not been satisfied) with his meat/ Then let me fear a great mul- titude, and let the contempt of clans terrify me, so that I shall keep silence and not iro out of the door. 32: : 12 convinced confuted 31: ; 14 if he gather he will gather 34: : 17 him that is most just the mighty just One 34: : 18 /s it ft to say Who saith^ 34: : 19 How mucli less to him That that 34 : 2o than right ; 34 : 24 without number 34 : 33 Should it he according to thy mind? he will recompense it, whether thou refuse, or whether thou choose ; and not I : 34 : 34 Let men of under- standing tell me, and let a wise man hearken unto me. of trial, in a way past finding out Will he render the recompense according to thy mind, that thou resistest ? for thou must choose, and not I : Men of understanding will say witli me, (and a wise man will hearken unto me,) ^ So the VulL^ate. 5* 54 JOB COMMON VERSION. 35 : 3 if I be cleansed from my sin ? 35 : 15 But now, because it is not so, he hath visited in his anger, yet he knoweth it not in great extremity. 36 : 22 exalte th by 3G : 27 maketh small 36 : 32 With clouds he cov- ereth the light ; and commandeth it not to shine by the cloud that cometh betwixt. 36 : 33 The noise thereof sheweth concerning it, the cattle also concern- ing the vapour. 37:7 that all men may know his work. 37 : 11 by watering he wea- rieth EMENDATION. more than by my sin ? (inarg?) But now, because he hath not visited in his anger, nor taken strict note of trans- is exalted in draweth up With Ills hands he covereth the lightning {inarg. light) and commandeth it where to strike. He points out to it his friend ; but wrath is treasured up against iniquity.^ that all men, who are his work, may understand. clearness dissipateth ^ This requires the pointing ThvJ or nV:^*. But the render- ing of the A. V. is not sustained by any of the ancient ver- sions ; and the construction of C]X which it requires seems harsh. So does the rendering of t^.3;rp by cattle with nothing in the connection to lead to the idea of cattle. The rendering of the A. V. would require n:p53n c^x. After all, the best we can do is to choose the rendering open to the fewest objections. The passage is certainly one of the most difficult in the whole of the Hebrew Scriptures. JOB 55 COMMON VERSION. 37 : 11 he scattereth his bright cloud. 37 : 15 when God disposed them, and caused 38 : 10 brake up for it my decreed place^ 38 : 14 It is turned as chiy to the seal ; and they stand as a iiarmeut. 38 : 24 ivliich scattereth the east wind 38 : 31 sweet influences 38 : 31 bands 38 : 41 Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat. 39 : 4 with corn 39 13 Gavest thou the goodly wings unto the pea- cocks? or wings and feathers unto the os- trich ? 39 : 14 Which EMENDATION. his light scattereth the clouds. how God disposeth them, and cause th established my decree concern- ing it {or set for it my decreed bounds) {inarg.) The earth is changed as clay under the seal ; and all thinr/s stand, forth as a robe.^ and the east wind scattered bands bonds "Who provideth for the raven his prey when his young ones cry unto God and wander for lack of food ? in the field The wing of the ostrich moves joyfully : is it lil'e the wings and plumage of the stork ? She ^ The italics in this rendering are justified by the genders and numbers of the two verbs, the former being fem. sing, and the latter masc. plur. 56 JOB. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 39 : 19 thunder a mane 39 : 20 make him afraid make him to leap 39 : 20 nostrils snorting 39 : 23 shield lance 39 : 24 neither believetli he and he cannot restrain him- that it is the sound self at the sound 40 : 16 navel muscles 40 : 17 stones thighs 40 : 18 as strong pieces tubes 40 : 23 Behold he drinketh If the River {or a river) over- up a river and hasteth flow, he hasteth not; though not : he trusteth that Jordan rush upon his he can draw up Jordan mouth, lie remaineth quiet, iuto his mouth. 40 : 24 He taketh it with his Can any one take him openly ? eyes: his nose pierceth or pierce /f^'s nose in snares? through snares. 41 : 1 or his tongue with a or bring down his tongue with cord which thou lettest a cord ? down ? 41 : 2 hook cord 41 : 2 thorn hook 41 : G thy companions the partners 41 : 11 who hath prevented who hath previously given me, me, 41 : 13 with his double bridle within his double jaws 41 : 22 sorrow is turned into terror danceth joy PSALMS. 57 COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 41 : 25 b}"" reason of breakings they are thrown into confusion they purify themselves. with terror. 41 : 30 sharp stones 42 : 4 demand 42 : 10 before. sharp pieces of potsherd ask before. 2 : ; 5 vex them 2 ; : G set 2; : 11 rejoice 5; : 3 direct my prayer unto thee, 5 : : 5 foolish 5 : : 7 toward : : 10 Destroy thou them 6 : 6 all the niirht 7 : 4 me ; (yea, I have deliv- ered him that without cause is my enemy :) 7 : 9 just : for the righteous God trieth ' 7:11 God judgeth the right- eous, 7 : 15 and is fallen 8 : 2 strength PSALMS. throw them into confusion anointed {marg.) stand in awe present myself before thee, proud (so 73 : 3 ; 75 : 4) at Hold them guilty every night (marg.) me, or have plundered him that without cause is my enemy, just, oh righteous God, who triest God is a righteous judge, (marff.) but he shall fall praise 58 PSALMS. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 9 : G O tliou enemy ! destruc- The destructions of the enemy tions (inarg.') 9:12 the humble the afflicted {marg.) 10 : 2 The wicked in 7/Z5 pride In the pride of the wicked the doth persecute the poor : poor is consumed : 10 : 3 blesseth the covetous, the covetous man blesseth whom the Lord ab- Jiimself ; he despiseth the horreth. Lord. 10 : 7 fraud oppression 10 : 15 the wicked and the the wicked; as for the evil evil man : seek out man, seek out 10 : 18 oppress terrify (marg.) 12 : 5 set Imii in safety /rom set in safety him that is puffed him that puffeth at him. at. 13 : 3 How long wilt thou How long, O Lord, wilt thou forget me, Lord ? for forget me utterly ? ever ? 14 : 6 because but 1 G : 2 my soul, thou hast I have said ^ said, 1 G : 2 my goodness extendeth I have no good without thee not to thee ; {or aside from thee). * 1 Reading ^P!yz'i< , as do the LXX, the Vulgate, the Syriac, and several Hebrew mss. and editions. Rosenmiiller prefers tn'i'.rsj; as the more difficult reading ; but this argument seems to me more than balanced by the harshnesss of the supposed ellipsis of my soul. PSALMS. 59 COMMON VERSION. 1 G : 3 But to the saints and to the excellent, in whom. IG : 10 in hell 17 : 11 bowing down 17:14 they are full of chil- dren, and leave 18 : 4, 5 sorrows 18 : 14 shot out 18 : 29 I have run 18 : 29 have I leaped 18 : 34 broken 18 : 40 given me the necks 18 : 43 shall serve 18 : 44 hear 18 : 44 shall obey 18 : 44 shall submit 18 : 45 shall fade 18 : 45 be EMENDATION. The saints and the ex- cellent, in them in Hades ^ to cast us down their children are filled (or sated), and they leave (= marg.) bands ^ multiplied (or shot out many) I run I leap bent turned to me the backs served (or translate in the Present, re- ffardinir the heard obeyed submitted faded were whole as de- scription rather than prophecy). ^ The desirableness of having a term by which to express the idea of the under-world is felt by every translator of the Scriptures, and has led to the frequent use of the Greek term Hades. If this be decided not to be available, and we must choose between hell and the grave, I should in this verse prefer the grave. Neither of them, however, seems an adequate ren- derin::^ of bix'J . - The term here employed undoubtedly combines the two 60 PSALMS. COMMON VKRPION. 22 : 8 He trusted on the Lord, that lie would deliver him : 22 : 19 from me 22 : 21 for thou hast heard me 22 : 2G The meek 22 : 30 it shall be accounted to the Lord for a gen- eration. 24 : G that seek thy face, O Jacob. 27 : 13 Iliad fainted unless I had believed 28 : 1 O Lord, my rock ; be not silent 20 : 1 mighty 30 : 5 in his favor is life 31 : 10 mine iniquity 31 : 20 pride of man 31 : 22 haste 35 : 15 abjects EMENDATION He trusted in the Lord ; let him save him : from me and hear me {and deliver me) The needy it shall be recounted concern- ing the Lord to a future generation. it is Jacob that seeketh thy face. Surely ^ I believed O Lord ; O my Rock, be not silent sons of the mighty {marg.) his favor through life ^ my suffering machinations of men confusion smiters meanings, joa^i^rs and hands (or snares). The parallelism in vs. 5 seems to require the latter. If the former be retained in the translation, I would put the latter in the margin, as tlie literal meaning. ^ Taking i should rather be rendered, who sitteth above (or upon) the cherubim. PSALMS. 67 COMMON VERSION. 89 : 8 unto thee ? or to thy faithfuhiess round about thee? 89 : 15 the joyful sound 89 : 16 all the day 89 : 18 For the Lord is our defense ; and the Holy One of Israel is our King. 89 : 23 plague 89 : 47 wherefore hast thou made all men in vain ? 90 : 3 destruction 90 : 9 a tale that is told. 90 : 11 of thine anger? even according to thy fear, so is thy wrath. 91 : 9 habitation 91 : 14 set him on high 92 : 3 upon the harp with a solemn sound 92 : 11 my desire on mine enemies 92 : 11 my desire of the wicked EMENDATION. unto thee, whose faithfulness is round about thee ? (or unto thee ? and thy faith- fulness is round about thee.) the Jubilee sound {or the sound of the Jubilee trum- pets) every day For our defense belongeth to the Lord, and our king to the Holy One of Israel. (marg.) smite for what vanity hast thou created all the sons of men ! dust a fancy. of thine anger, and of thy wrath according to thy fear ? resort protect {or defend) him with music upon the harp the destruction of mine ene- mies of the destruction of the wicked 93 : 3 waves tumult 68 PSALMS. COMMON VERSION. 94 : 20 by a law EMENDATION. against law 95 : 4 the strength of hills is the the heights of the hills are 95 : 8 the provocation Meribah 95 : 9 When Where 97 : 2 habitation foundation 97 : 4 enlightened enlighten 97:4 saw . . . trembled seeth . . . trembleth 97 : 5 melted melt 98 : 1 gotten him the victory. wrought salvation for him. 99 : 1 dwellest hetween sittest above (cf. 80 : 1 note) 102 : 3 as a hearth as brushwood 102 : 10 lifted me up taken me up ^ 103 : 5 mouth age 104 : 24 riches creations 104 : 31 The glory of Lord shall endure the Let the glory of the Lord endure 104 : 31 the Lord shall re- let the Lord rejoice joice 105 : 42 his holy promise, and Abraham his holy promise to Abraham 106 : 29 inventions " doings 106 : 39 inventions. doinojs. ^ Namely for the purpose of casting me down ; not, first exalted me and then cast me down, as would most naturally be understood from the rendering lifted me up. PSALMS. 69 COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 107 : 3 from the soutli from the sea {rnarg.') 109 : 25 looked upon me, they look upon me, they shake shaked 110 : 3 shall he willing shall volunteer 110:3 holiness from the holiness: from the womb of womb of the morninoj : the mornin^j thou hast thou hast 110:5 The Lord at thy right The Lord is at thy right hand : hand shall strike he shall strike 115 : 8 are like unto them; shall be like them;^ also so is 119 : Gl robbed beset 119 : C2 I will rise I rise 119 : G7 have I kept I keep 119 : 113 vain thoughts the double-minded 119 : 119 puttest away regardest as dross ^ like dross 121 : 3 He will not May he not 121 : 3 he that keepeth thee may he that keepeth thee not will not slumber. slumber. 122 : 2 shall stand are standing 126 : G precious seed seed for sowing 127 : 3 reward gift (niarg., or reward) ^ That is helpless as stocks. If the meaning were they are like them stupid, we should not expect the insertion of the verb in Hebrew. • ^ Reading r^cn, with all the ancient versions. 70 P S A L M S^ COMMON VERSION. 127 : 5 they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak 128 : 3 by the sides of thine house 128 : 5 shall bless 128 : 5, 6 thou shalt see 128 : 6 children, and peace 129 : 5, G Let them 129 : G groweth up 135 : 18 are like unto them: so IS 140 : 9 let the mischief of their own lips cover them. 140 : 10 Let burning coals fall 140 : 10 let them be cast 140 : 11 Let not an evil speaker be 141 : 5 luhich shall not break my head 141 : 7 cutteth and cleave th wood upon the earth. 142 : 4 I looked on my right hand, and beheld, but there was no man that would know me : refuge failed me ; no man cared for my soul. EMENDATION. they shall not be ashamed when they speak in the midst of {or within) thy house bless mayest thou see children : peace be They shall is plucked up shall be like them ; also the mischief of their own lips shall cover them. Burning coals shall fall they shall be cast An evil speaker shall not be which let not my head refuse plougheth and cleaveth the earth. Look on the 'right and behold ! there is no one that will know me : refuge faileth me ; no man careth for my soul'. PROVERBS. 71 COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 142 : 7 compass me about ; compass me about when tbou for thou shalt shalt 143 : 10 thy Spirit is good; let thy good Spirit lead me lead me 144 : 14 That our oxen may That our cattle may be fruitful he stronsf to labor 145 : 17 holy kind (= marg.) PROVERBS 1 : 6 the interpretation 2 : 7 sound wisdom 3 : 8 navel 3 : 25 Be not afraid 3 : 32 secret 5 : 16 and 7 : 20 day appointed 7 : 22 to the correction of the stocks 7:26 many strong me7i have been slain by her 18 durable riches 23 set up 30 one brought up ivith h im : 9 : 10 the holy an allegory (or a parable) salvation sinews Thou shalt not be afraid intimacy as full moon bound goeth to punishment strong men were all those that have been slain by her excellent possessions anointed one directing; (o;* an archi- tect.;) the Most Holy 72 PROVERBS. \J COMMON VEnSION. EMENDATION. 10 : 18 with lying lips, hath lying lips 12 : 12 net plunder 12 : 26 more excellent than a guide to 13 : 20 shall be destroyed will become wicked 14 : 13 that mirth mirth 14 : 24 foolishness exaltation^ 14 : 30 sound quiet 15 : 4 wholesome gentle 15 : 10 Correction is grievous Grievous correction shall be 15 : 13 merry . . . cheerful cheerful . . . pleasant 15 : 16 trouble confusion 16 : 1 The preparations of The preparations of the heart the heart in man, and belong to man, but the an- the answer of the tongue, swer of the tongue is from is from the Lord. the Lord. 16:4 all things for himself: every thing for its own end; 17 : 16 Wherefore is there What avails 17 : 16 no heart to it? no sense? 17 : 27 a man of understand- a man of a cool spirit hath ing is of an excellent understanding, spirit. ^ Any rendering which makes the word nb-ix here repeated to have in both cases the same meaning seems tame. A much more expressive and proverb-like meaning is given if we take the first nbijx as a derivative of b^x and equivalent to the Arabic ^UnI principium. The Targum renders it "Ttna^j, glory. " r R V E R B S. 73 COMMON VERSION. 18 : 1 Through desire a mtm, having separated him- self, seeketh and in- termeddleth with all wisdom. 18 : 8 wounds 18 : 14 who can bear ? 19 : 4 neighbor 19 : G prince 19:7 he pursueth them with words, yet they are wanting to him. 19 : 17 that which he hath given will he pay him again. 19:18 let not thy soul spare for his crying. 19 : 22 desire 19 : 24 hideth his hand in his bosom 20 : 1 deceived thereby 20 : IC of him for a strange woman. 20 : 2o It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is lioly, 20 : 30 Tlie blueness of a wound cleansoth away evil : so do stripes the in- ward parts of the belly. 7 EMENDATION. The capricious man seeketh his own desire, and is con- trary in every business, (or, and in every matter showeth •himself contrary.) sweet morsels who can raise up ? friend liberal man he pursueth worthless words. {or words which are nothing, or which amount to nothing.) he will pay him his recom- pense, {or he will recom- pense him.) lift not up thy soul to slay him. glory {or charm) reacheth his hand to the dish given thereto of him who is surety for a strange woman. It is a snare to a man to dedi- cate anything rashly, The marks of wouimIs and stripes that reach the inward parts of the belly are a clean- sing medicine for a bad man. 74 PROVERBS 21 21 21 21 21 COMMON VERSION. 1 the rivers of water EMENDATION. water-courses 4 ploughing light {marg.) 8 The v/ay of a man is The way of a froward man is froward and strange : strange ; 1 2 of the wicked : hut of the wicked when 15 judgment: but de- judgment, but torture to the struction shall be to the workers workers 22 : 4 By humility are The end {or reward) of humil- ity .. . is 22 : 6 in the way he should go in the beginning of his course ^ 22 ; 11 for the grace of his hath grace on his lips, and 22 23 23 23 24 lips 20 excellent things 4 thine own wisdom 20 riotous eaters of flesh. 28 as /or a prey 11 If thou forbear to deliver them that are drawn unto death, and those that are ready to be slain : many times thy purpose {or thought) wasters of their own flesh. as a robber {marg.) Deliver them that are drawn unto death, and stand not aloof from those that are ready to be slain. 24 26: 26 Every man shall kiss He kisseth the lips who giveth his lips that giveth a a right answer. right answer. 8 As he that bindeth a As he that putteth a package of ptone in a slinij, precious stones in a stone- heap, * * Perhaps also substitute Train for Train up. PROVERBS. 75 COMMON VEUSION. 26 : 10 The great God that formed all things 2G : 15 hideth his hand in /u's bosom 26 > 22 wounds 27 : 6 deceitful 27 : 21 so is a man to his praise. 28 : 1 a lion 28 : 15 ranging 28 : 18 he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once. 28 : 22 he that hasteth to be rich hath an evil eye, 29 : 8 bring a city into a snare : 29 : 10 seek his soul 29 : 13 deceitful man 29 : 19 A servant will not be corrected by words : for thouorh he understand EMENDATION. Great is He who formed all things, who rcacheth his hand to the dish sweet morsels abundant so let a man he to the mouth that praiseth him. a young* lion hungry he that is perverse and walketh in two ways, shall fall in one. he that hath an evil eye hasteth to be rich, (niarg.) set a city on fire : (marg.) ask after (or seek) his welfare oppressor A servant, who though he un- derstand will not answer, cannot be corrected by words. he will not answer. 29 : 24 he heareth cursing and bewrayeth it not. 30 : 3 the holy 30 : 28 spider ^ The word here used is not that elsewhere rendered spider , he heareth the oath, and be- wrayeth not what he knoweth, the Holy One lizard ^ 76 ECCLESIASTES. COMMON VEURION. EMENDATION. 30 : 31 a greyhound a girded steed 30 : 31 against whom there whose people is with him. is no rising up. 31 : 13 willingly what she will 31 : 21 scarlet double garments (marg.) 31 : 22 silk fine linen 31 : 24 fine linen linen cloth ECCLESIASTES 1 of Jerusalem in Jerusalem 7 unto the place from to the place whither the rivers whence the rivers come, went, thither they go again, thither they return 1 : 8 All things are full of- All words weary (or fail) labor 2 : 8 (7S musical instruments, all sorts of magnificence.^ and that of all sorts. (t;'^3S>), but n'l'STib, a term corresponding to the Ar. j»Lwwj a lizard, and still more closely to the Mod. Greek o-a/xta/xt^os or a-aixvLdfjivOo<;, a green lizard, the feet of which strikingly resem- ble hands, and which I have often seen running up and down on the walls of rooms. ^ In most copies which I have compared, British and Ameri- can, but not in all. A quarto Reference ed. printed for the B. & F. B. S. in 18G1 has in. [So, too, the "exact reprint" of the (2d) ed. of 1611.— j.ii. t.] ^ The meaning of n-i^dl STnd is not well established. The ECCLESIASTES. 77 COMMON VERSION. 2 ; 21 in equity 2 : 25 cau hasten hereunto more than I ? 4:4 every right work 4 : 14 he cometh 4 : 14 he that is born in his kingdom 4 : 15 the second child 7 : 1 good 7 : 3 is made better 7:11 good with 8 : 7 when it shall be 9 : 1 knoweth either love or hatred by all that is be- fore them. EMENUATION. with success can enjoy more than I ? every successful work one cometh one born in royal state the child, second to the king, good^ is made lighter {or more cheerful) as good as (tnarg.) how it shall be (marg.) knoweth either love or hatred : all is before them. rendering musical instruments seems untenable. Neither can I accept the rendering of Gesenius and others who make rrnd a 9 « - fem. of T^J^: Ar. t>(.j^*-w, and refer it to the pleasures of the harem. No one of the ancient versions confirms either this or the rendering of the Eng. Ver. The LXX render cupbearers male and female ; the Vulgate hoicJs and goblets for iciue ; the Targuni hot and cold baths, all of which seem destitute of any support from etymology. Why not regard rnd as an abstract noun, and com))are the Arabic HoLu*/ lurdahij), (or from a R = . different root iiX-^, strength) and so interpret magnificence worthy of a prince ? [^ So the reprint of the (2(1) ed. of IGll. — j.ii. t.] 7* 78 SONG OF SOLOMON. COMMON VERSION. EMENDATION. 10 : 9 removeth stones gettetli out stones 10 : 11 Surely the serpent If the serpent bite without en- will bite without en- chantment, then there is no chantmeut ; and a bab- use of the charmer, bier is no better. 11 : 5 spirit 12 : 4 he shall rise up wind one shall rise up SONG OF SOLOMON 1 : 14 camphire henna 1 : 17 house houses 1 : 17 rafters ceilings 2 : 5 flagons cakes 2:7 he she 2 : 12 the singing of birds pruning 2 : 14 stairs steep rock 3 : 5 he she 3 : 10 paved with love, for wrought with exquisite worlj the daughters of Jeru- by the daughters of Jeru- salem. salem. 4 : 1 locks vail 4 : 3 locks vail {also 6 : 7) 4 : 13 camphire henna 5 : l/ beryl chrysolite 6 : 11 fruits verdure ISAIAH. 79 COMMON VERSION. 7 : 1 feet 7 : 5 the galleries 8 : 2 who would instruct me 8:4 he EMENDATION. steps thy curls that thou mightest instruct me {piarg., or that she might instruct me.) she SAIAH. speaketh understand Where can ye be stricken any- more when ye continue to revolt ? right the oppressed (marg.) as with borax they that return of her (marg.) terebinths terebinth his work (niarg.) For attach themselves to (or form alliance with) 2 : 9 therefore forjrive them and thou wilt not forgive 2 hath spoken 3 consider 5 "Why should ye be strick- en any more? Ye will revolt more and more. 17 relieve the oppressed 25 purely 27 her converts 29 oaks 30 oak 31 the maker of it 6 Therefore G please themselves in not. them.^ ^ I do not regard bx as equivalent to i