5, /7.-3 iFrom ll|p IGtbraru of 2Jpqupath?& by Ittm to tl|r ICtbrarg of Prtttrptnn Sllirologtral S>fmtttary sec /a0,847 Hall, William Phillips, 186A -1937. What is the name? j WHAT IS "THE NAME"? OR "THE MYSTERY OF GOD" REVEALED Written by WILLIAM PHILLIPS HALL Mbat is "Zhc IRame "? WRITTEN BY WILLIAM PHILLIPS HALL **1In XTbe IRame" "That they may know Zbc (K^wcv^ of (5ot) in Cbriet, IN WHOM are all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge hidden." "For IN HIM dwelleth ALL the fulness of THE GODHEAD bodily." Colossians 2 :*2, 9. (ancient reading) " For as many of you as have been baptized into CHRIST have put on CHRIST." Galatians 3 : 27. " If any one be Hn Cbrist there is n IRew Creation; old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." II. Corinthians 5:17. WILLIAM PHILLIPS HALL GREENWICH CONN, Copyright, 1913, by WILLIAM PHILLIPS HALL TO "my lord and my god^' the lord jesus christ 'the author and perfecter of our faith,' "in whom dwelleth all the fulness of THE GODHEAD BODILY/^ this book is dedicated. ADDBESSED TO god's ancient and beloved people the jews; who^ according to the flesh, are , the children of abraham i AND TO THOSE WHOy ACCORDING TO THE SPIRIT, ALSO ARE THE CHILDREN OF GOD AND OF ABRAHAM, "through FAITH, IN CHRIST JESUS" ; THAT THEY ALL MAY BE ONE IN CHRIST JESUS THE LORD. "For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord: and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake. "For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face (Hebraism for "Person") of Jesus Christ." — II. Corinthians 4:5, 6. CONTENTS PAGE Preface / Foreword Some Unusual Questions A Divine Challenge A Startling Statement Can It Be Possible ? " To the Law, and to the Testimony " " The Oracles of God " Parables Taught His Apostles and Disciples in Parables A Most Significant Fact A Most Remarkable Conclusion What is " the Name " ? " The Mystery of God " An Analysis of " the Name " Relationship Names Personal Names Let It Now Be Remembered It Is Perfectly Clear The Crowning Proof " The Promise of the Father " A Divine Intellectual Illumination The Teaching of the Holy Spirit Peter's Pentecostal Proclamation An Obvious Omission A Comparison of Scripture References 11 12 CONTENTS The Full Triune " Name " Revealed The Teacliing of the Spirit of God Now Let These Two Facts Be Distinctly Noted The True Baptismal " Name " The Only Saving " Name " An Unescapable Deduction Pre-Pentecostal Baptism A Logical Conclusion The Solution of " The Mystery of God " The Final and Completed Proof " The Name " of " the Father " " The Name " of " the Son " " The Name " of " the Holy Spirit " " The Name " of " the Lord Jesus Christ " " The Secret of the Lord " Revealed "These things said Isaiah, when he saw His glory, and spake of Him " " The Name" " The One Foundation " The Words of the Lord Jesus Christ, " The Apostolic Benediction " PREFACE This book has been plainly written, so that it might be easily and clearly understood by the most humble and technically unlearned reader and student of the Bible. In a few instances, a direct translation of words from the Greek text has been made, with a view to the most accurate translation of the original in the light of the context. In some cases, where the teaching appeared to require such a course, words have been supplied in, and supplemental to, the text; but always in brackets [ ], so that they might be immediately and always recognized as not a part of the text. In other cases where explanatory words or statements appeared to be called for in order to more fully bring out the truth, such words or statements have been placed in parentheses ( ) , in quotations, but not as a part of the text. 13 14 PREFACE Inasmuch as this book consists, in the main, of a study of "the Name" of God, it will be well for the reader, in order to a clear under- standing of that which follows, to bear in mind two facts: First, that, as a rule, with ancient Israel, as shown by the Scriptures, the name was not only the personal designation, but also the expres- sion, or revelation, of the personality. While this was true, to a greater or lesser extent, of the names of the Israelites, it was, and is, pre-eminently and invariably true of "the Name" of God. A knowledge and an interpretation of "the Name" of God, according to the Scriptures, constitute a revelation of God Himself. "The name of God is not a thing arbitrarily thought out; it is of the essence of Deity, a revelation of Himself and so self-expressive; it imparts knowledge of Him and guides in the way of His service (Micah 4:5.)" — "New Schaff- Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge," Vol. 8, page 78. This leads to the consideration of the second PREFACE 15 fact in this connection, to which we would now direct the reader's attention: namely, that "the Name" of God is not only His Personal desig- nation, as well as the expression, or revelation, of His Personality, but it is, also, in a very true sense, the very Essence, or Essential Personality, of God Himself. JMany years ago a good student of the Bible wrote: "Among the creatures, they and their names are two different things; but respecting the blessed God, Himself is His Name, and His Name is Himself." One of our writers of a later day has observed that "throughout the Scriptures the Divine Name stands for the Divine Person." — "Butler's Present-Day Conservatism and Liber- ahsm," page 117. "The Name of Jehovah as equivalent to the Person of Jehovah, is represented as the subject or the object of various actions." — "Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible," Vol. 3, page 479. "Exalt ye the Lord our God, and worship at His footstool; for He is holy. Moses and Aaron among His priests, and Samuel among 16 PREFACE them that call upon His Name; they called upon the Lord, and He answered them." — Psalm 99:5, 6. "The Lord hear thee in the day of trouble; the Name of the God of Jacob defend thee." —Psalm 20:1. In the Scriptures just quoted it will be noted that the words "His Name" and "the Lord"; and "the Lord" and "the Name," are synony- mous — meaning one and the same thing. "God is identified with His Name very com- monlj" in Scripture; or, perhaps we should say, the Name of God is used as a periphrasis for God Himself. Where God puts His special Presence, He is said to 'put His Name.' (Deut. 12: 5; I. Kings 14: 21; II. Chron. 12: 13). His Name is 'holy and reverend' (Ps. 111:9); 'incense is offered unto it' (JNIal. 1:11); it is 'magnified forever' (I. Chron. 17:24); for it the temple is built (I. Kings 8:44) ; through it the godly 'tread down their enemies' (Ps. 44: 5) ; the 'desire of men's souls is to it' (Isaiah 26:8). See also Psalms 92:1; 96:8; 99:3; 103:1; 105:1; 113:1; 115:1; 119:.55; 145:1, 2, PREFACE ' 17 21; 148:13; 149:3.) "—"Pulpit Commentary," Psalms, page 44. The Angel of God's "Name" (of Whom God said: "My Name is in Him"), of Exodus 23: 20-22; and "the Angel of His Presence," of Isaiah 63:9; are clearly one and the same; even as God's "Name" and His "Presence" are one and the same. "The Name of (the Lord) Jesus Christ embodies the whole content of His Person, and sums up the knowledge of Him and His work." "The apostles spread this Name throughout the earth; believers rely upon it (John 1:12), and in it are blessed (Acts 4:12) ; by it miracles are wrought (Acts 16:18), though not as by a formula of magic (cf. John 14:13) ; but in order to accomplish tliis an inner connection with Him is needful (Acts 19:13)." "Baptism is in (or "into") His Name, or in (or "into") the Triune Name (Matthew 28:19; Acts 2:38). . . . All of these customs bespeak an inner community with Christ of wliich baptism is but the external expression." — 18 PREFACE "New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge," Vol. 8, page 78. In view of the teaching set forth in the Scriptures cited, and in the light of the deductions drawn therefrom as stated, we may correctly conclude that to "call upon the Name of the Lord" is to "call upon the Lord" Him- self. To "believe in His Name" is undoubtedly to "believe in Him," as revealed, interpreted and made known by the meaning of His Name. To be "baptized into the Name of the Lord" is, in a spiritual sense, to be baptized into Him, or into His Spirit, as revealed, interpreted and made known by the meaning of His Name. To "come in the Name of the Lord" is, in a literal sense, to come bearing His Personal designation: and, in a spiritual sense, to come in Him, or in His Spirit, as revealed, inter- preted and made known by the meaning of His Name; "the Name" of "the Lord" being, in a literal sense, the Personal designation: and, in a spiritual sense, "the Person," or "Spirit," of "the Lord." PREFACE 19 Therefore as, "according to the Scriptures," "the Name," and "the Person" of God are essentially one; and as His "Name" is not only His Personal designation, but is, also, the expression, or revelation, of His "Person," it logically follows that if His "Name" be truly revealed, interpreted and made known, so, also, will be His "Person." This book sets forth such a revelation and interpretation of "the Name" and, consequently, of "the Person" or "Personahty" of the Triune God. L... FOREWORD In pubKshing this book the writer is fully aware of the fact that he is presenting an inter- pretation of "the Name" and "Personality" of the Triune God that cannot be considered otherwise than as revolutionary in itself and in its prospective influence upon the teachings and practice of the Christian Church in all lands. With the writer — as is, also, doubtless, the case with an ever-increasing number of Chris- tians who are determined to know fully "the Truth as it is in Jesus" — tradition, whatever its alleged source or its channel, can be accepted only in so far as it harmonizes with the teach- ings of God as those teachings are set forth and interpreted in His Holy Word. Careful readers of "The Acts of the Apostles" are becoming increasingly conscious of the fact that that book sets forth the history of a Church whose Divine spirit, life, and service have never 21 22 FOREWORD been fully equalled by the Church of any sub- sequent century. Practically all Christian Church historians agree that the Church of the Apostolic Age was possessed of such an extraordinary measure of Divine illumination and empowerment as has never since been known in the experience of the Church of Christ. An interpretation of a command or teaching of the Lord Jesus Christ by that Church, which was in the most complete and unique sense of that term "filled with the Holy Spirit," should ever be of commanding authority with all true believers in the Lord Jesus Christ. The writer has been dominated by that con- viction in the writing of this book. It may well be added that the supreme pur- pose of this writing is to make known and to magnify "The Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." ** M^ ptupU HlyaU knnm ilg Nam?." Isaiah 52:6. SOME UNUSUAL QUESTIONS "This parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they were which He spake unto them." John 10:6. Has it ever occurred to the reader that the Bible contains many teachings of an inner, or hidden, as well as of an outer, or apparent, meaning? Is it not a fact that the teachings — and especially the parables — of the Lord Jesus Christ possess an inner as well as an outer meaning to a marked degree? Otherwise it would not have been necessary — as it obviously was necessary — for Him to have explained, or interpreted, any of His parables, or other parabolic teachings, to His apostles and disciples. 23 24 WHAT IS "the name" Is it not a fact that while the inner, as well as the outer, meaning of a number of the Lord's parables, or parabolic sayings, is known — by reason of His recorded explanations of that meaning — both the Christian Church and many of the people of the world at large have been, for many centuries, quite in doubt as to the inner meaning of many of the parables, or parabolic sayings, of the Lord, even up to the present time? It is true that all of those parables, or par- abolic sayings, have, at some time or other, been "explained" by theologians; but how many people are at all sure, or know, that those "explanations" — or which of the two or more "explanations" of the same parables, or par- abolic sayings — are the correct ones? Why did the Lord Jesus Christ speak to the Jewish people in parables — in teachings whose meanings they could not easily understand, and in many cases did not understand at all? Why did the Lord Jesus Christ teach even His apostles and disciples things concerning "the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit" WHAT IS THE NAME" 25 in parables, or parabolic teachings; and for the time being, at least, leave those apostles and disciples in the dark as to the inner, or then hidden, meaning of those parables, or parabolic teachings ? Did the Lord Jesus Christ ever explain the inner, or then hidden, meaning of those par- ticular parables, or parabolic discourses, to His apostles and disciples; and, if so, does the Christian Church possess the explanation at the present time? Did the Lord Jesus Christ ever promise His apostles and disciples to explain, or interpret, to them His parabolic discourses recorded in the 14th, 15th and 16th chapters of John? If so, by Whom and when did He state that promise would be fulfilled? What was "the Name" of "the baptismal formula" actually used by the apostles and disciples, as stated by the writers of the New Testament ? Is there any record in the New Testament of the baptism of a Jew, or of any one else, literally in the words "in (or "into") the Name 26 WHAT IS "the name" of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit"? Why did the Jewish people in such large numbers so readily accept the Lord Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour and Christ at the beginning of the Christian era; and why have those people been so unresponsive to the Gospel — as it has been preached to them — ever since the Apostolic Age? What was the original Divine Apostolic Teaching concerning the Deity of the Lord Jesus Christ? Does the Christian Church possess and declare that teaching, in all of its completeness, at the present time; or was that teaching, in its most complete form, lost to the Church at, or about, the close of the Apostolic Age? Let no reader hereof conclude, without further consideration, that these questions and state- ments are unwarranted, but, rather, let such an one read that which follows before forming a conclusion in the matter. The writer believes that, after fully reading, the reader of this book will conclude that a WHAT IS "the name" 27 revolution in the Church's teaching regarding the interpretation of the Deity of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Personahty of the Triune God, is not only possible, but right at hand! A DIVINE CHALLENGE Let the reader now recall that in the book of the prophet Jeremiah (33:3) there appears what may be called A Divine Challenge from the God of Israel to the Israel of God: "Call unto Me, and I will answer thee, AND SHOW thee GREAT AND HIDDEN THINGS, WHICH THOU KNOWEST NOT/^ And may not the reader, as has the writer, in response to that Divine Challenge, in the words of Psalm 119: 18, pray: O Lord, '"open Thou mine eyes, that i may behold wondrous things out of Thy law." 28 WHAT IS "the name' A STARTLING STATEMENT Although the Lord Jesus Christ commanded His apostles and disciples to "disciple all the nations, baptizing them into the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:19), neither they nor the Church of the Apostolic Age ever baptized anybody in those words so far as the New Testament bears record! Every actual baptism recorded in the New Testament, where "the Name" or "bap- tismal formula" used is stated, was "in (or "into") the Name of the Lord" (A. V.), or of "the Lord Jesus," or of "Jesus Christ" (A. V. andR.V.). There are no exceptions recorded! Any person can verify the accuracy of this statement by reading Acts 2:38; 8:16; 10:48 and 19:5 (A. V. or R. v.). These verses contain all of the records in the New Testament of all actual baptisms where WHAT IS THE NAME" 29 "the Name" or "baptismal formula" used is given ! In other words, there is absolutely no support whatever to be found in the New Testament, in the record of "the Name" or "baptismal formula" used in any actual baptism, for the teaching that has prevailed in the Christian Church for some eighteen hundred years, that either the apostles or the Church of the Apostolic Age ever baptized believers in the Lord Jesus Christ in the words "I baptize thee in (or "into") the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" ! Philip Schaff, D.D., in Lange's Commentary on Matthew, page 558, quotes Meyer as stating: "No trace is to be found of the employment of these words by the Apostolic Church." George T. Purves, D.D., in his book entitled "Christianity in the Apostolic Age," page 36, states: "The first record of their use in baptism is in 'The Teaching of the Apostles' (about A. D. 100)." So far as historical Christian research has shown, the only authoritj^ — outside of the original command literally interpreted — for the use of the 30 WHAT IS "the name" words of "the baptismal formula": "in (or "into") the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit," is that of tradition; descending, it is true, from very remote sources, but not from the apostles in or through the writ- ings of the New Testament, nor from other writers of the New Testament, in writing of a period including and subsequent to the day of Pentecost ! CAN IT BE POSSIBLE? Can it be possible — as some scholars have thought — that the words: "the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit," are of later authorship than any recorded words ever spoken by the Lord Jesus Christ? Or that there is a clear contradiction between the com- mand of the liord Jesus Christ to His apostles and disciples to baptize "into the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit," and the fact that those very apostles and dis- ciples according to all New Testament record, WHAT IS "the name" 31 as already shown, invariably baptized all who believed in the Lord Jesus Christ in (or "into") the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ? Or must Christians continue to believe — as they have been taught, according to sub- Apos- tolic tradition, to believe for some eighteen hundred years — that when the New Testament clearly and invariably states, in the account of all actual baptisms recorded where the baptismal "Name" or "formula" is stated, that baptism in the Apostolic Church and by the apostles was administered "in (or "into") the Name of the Lord," or of "the Lord Jesus," or of "Jesus Christ" — which, in this connection, are in each and every case, as we shall show, but abbreviations of the full Name of "the Lord Jesus Christ" — it was really, literally, administered in the words: "I baptize thee in (or "into") the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit"? Or did the Lord Jesus Christ command His apostles and disciples to baptize in (or "into") a certain "Name," and, notwithstanding that command, did His apostles and disciples ever 32 WHAT IS "the name" thereafter — all through the Apostolic Age — baptize in (or "into") another "Name"? A NEGATIVE REPLY To all of these questions we reply most emphatically in the negative! The apostle Paul, in Romans 3:3, 4, says : "For what if some did not believe? Shall their unbelief make The Faith of God of no effect? God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written. That Thou mightest be justified in Thy sayings, and mightest over- come when judged." "TO THE LAW, AND TO THE TESTIMONY" From ancient times it has been the usual practice with the people of God to resort to an examination of the teachings of the Bible upon any subject of doubtful meaning of which that Book treats. The prophet Isaiah (8:20) says: "To the law, and to the testimony: if they speak not WHAT IS THE NAME" 33 according to this Word, it is because there is no light in them." "THE ORACLES OF GOD" Pursuant to the long-established practice of the people of God, and in accordance with the Divine instruction, given through the prophet Isaiah, which makes that practice obligatory, we shall now proceed, further, to consult "The Oracles of God." PARABLES The Lord Jesus Christ addressed the multi- tudes who waited upon His Divine Ministry, during a large part of that Ministry, almost altogether in parables: as may be noted in Matthew 13:34, where we read: "All these things spake Jesus unto the multitudes in par- ables: and without a parable spake He not unto them." A careful reading of the New Testament along this line most clearly discloses the fact that the parables, or parabolic teachings, of the 34 WHAT IS "the name" Lord Jesus Christ were, in many cases, very evidently intended not only to teach Divine truth, but to teach it in such veiled form as to require Plis subsequent interpretation, either by word of mouth or through the Holy Spirit, in order to a complete understanding of the same. These facts are fully develoj^ed in the accounts of the parable of "The Sower" as given in Matthew 13:1-23; Mark 4:1-20 and Luke 8:4-15. In these three accounts we discover the follow- ing facts: First, a parabolic teaching of Divine truth by the Lord Jesus Christ to His disciples and the multitudes; second, a lack of under- standing of the same by the disciples, and undoubtedly by the multitudes; third, its pos- session of both an outer, or apparent, as well as of an inner, or hidden, meaning; fourth, the latter fact being clearly evidenced in the neces- sity for and fact of its subsequent interpretation by the Lord Jesus Christ to His disciples. "And Math many such parables spake He the Word unto them, as they were able to WHAT IS "the name" 35 hear it ; and without a parable spake He not unto them: but privately to His own disciples He expounded (explained the meaning of or interpreted), all things." Mark 4:33, 34. R. V. Therefore a parable, as a form of teaching used by the Lord Jesus Christ, may be properly defined not only as "an earthly story with a heavenly meaning," but, also, as an esoteric, as well as an exoteric, teaching; or a teaching with an inner, or hidden, as well as with an outer, or apparent, meaning. TAUGHT HIS APOSTLES AND DISCIPLES IN PARABLES There were some tilings, however, that the Lord Jesus Christ taught even to His apostles and disciples in parables which, at the time of delivery, He did not explain to them, He deferring their explanation to that time when He, through the Holy Spirit, made all things clear to them. This fact is evidenced in His words recorded in John 16:25: "These things have I spoken unto 30 WHAT IS "the name" you (His apostles and disciples) in para- bles: but the hour cometh when I shall no more speak unto you in parables, but shall tell you plainly of the Father." These words were spoken immediately after He had spoken the words recorded in John 16:12-15: "I have yet manj?^ things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now. Howbeit when He, the Spirit of Truth, is come, He shall guide you into all the Truth: for He shall not S23eak of Himself; but what things soever He shall hear, these shall He speak: and He shall declare unto you the things that are to come. "He shall glorify Me; for He shall take of INIine, and shall declare it unto you. All things whatsoever the Father hath are Mine: therefore said I, He taketh of INIine, and shall declare it unto you." WHAT IS "the name" 37 A MOST SIGNIFICANT FACT The reader will do well to note the most significant fact that the parables, or para- bolic discourses, spoken by the Lord Jesus Christ to His apostles and disciples, as recorded in the Scriptures just quoted, as well as all others recorded in the 14th, 15th and 16th chapters of John, relate to the mystery of the Triune God: — that is, to the mystery of "the Name," and to "the Three Divine Persons" of that "Name":— "the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit." A MOST REMARKABLE CONCLUSION Let it now be noted, as has just been shown, that the Lord Jesus Christ told His apostles and disciples that His teacliings about "the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit" were spoken to them in para- bles, but that the time would come when 38 WHAT IS "the name" He would no more speak unto them in parables, but would "telF' them "plainly of the Father." Did He "tell" them "plainly of the Father" prior or subsequent to the time when He commanded them to "disci j)le all the nations, baptizing them into the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit"? We believe that the evidence in the case — as herein shown — points unerringly to a subsequent disclosure, and that the words: "the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" constitute a para- bolic "formula," or parable, in the sense in which the Lord Jesus Christ used that, or its equivalent, expression in John 16:25. WHAT IS "THE NAME"? OR WHAT IS "THE NAME of THE FATHER, AND OF THE SON, AND OF THE HOLY SPIRIT"? Now assuming, as already suggested, that the so-called "baptismal formula" — as con- WHAT IS "the name" 39 tained in the words: "the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" — is a parabolic "formula," or parable (or, in other words, a saying with an inner, or hidden, as well as with an outer, or apparent, meaning), we will carefully examine and analyze this "formula," and, by so doing, endeavor to discover its inner, or hidden, meaning. In the first place, we note that in this "formula" One "Name" only is mentioned — "the Name"; and, in the second place, we note that this One "Name" applies to, is possessed by, and includes Three Persons: "the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit." This is indeed — on its face — a very myste- rious (or parabolic) saying. It is also a sajang which if taken in its literal (apparent) sense — as it has been taken by the Christian Church for some eighteen hundred years — certainly involves a paradox ! For how can these "Three Persons" be 40 WHAT IS "the name" "Named" by, possess, and be included in One "Name"? Traditional orthodox theology, in substance, rephes: "The Three Persons of the baptismal formula are the Three Persons of One Divine Essence in the Godhead — 'the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit' — and all Three together constitute the One Living and True God: and their Three Names — 'Father, Son and Holy Spirit' — all together constitute One Name — the Name of the Triune God." It is most Scripturally true that there are "Three Persons of One Divine Essence in the Godhead" — "the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit" — but does it necessarily, logicalh", or Scripturally follow that "the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" is contained in the words "Father, Son, and Holy Spirit"? It is true that for some eighteen hundred years traditional orthodox theology has held to that view, at the same time confessing that, as so expressed, "God is a Mystery." So great is the mystery involved in this WHAT IS "the name" 41 interpretation of "the Name" of God that it has, ever since the Apostohc Age, been called "THE MYSTERY OF GOD." Is it possible, or even thinkable, that, after some eighteen hundred years, the mystery of "the Name" of the Triune God in "the baptismal formula" — which is pre-eminently "The Mystery of God"—