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HISTORY 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT 
 
 REFORMATION 
 
 RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 Br GILBERT STUART, LL.D. 
 
 A NEW EDITION. 
 
 EDINBURGH: 
 
 Printed by Robert Allan. 
 
 MDCCCV. 
 
•';). 
 
 ^K' 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The objeB of this work is io exhibit a faithful 
 narration of the ejiahlifment of the Proiejiant 
 Religion in Scotla?id ; an event which ^ I ima- 
 gine, has not hitherto been treated with an accuracy 
 equal to its importance. In the general hijiories 
 which have been written of Scottish affairs, the 
 views of the authors did not per?nit them to befuf 
 Jiciently circumjiantial upon this fubje£l ; and, in 
 thofe books which have been devoted to the Church, 
 and its concerns, there is evidently an improper 
 mixture of prejudice and controverjy. With a view 
 U remedy thefe defers, I have ventured to compofe 
 the prefent performance ; and it has been my ear- 
 nejl endeavour to e>eft and cxercife that precifon 
 which is not ufualiy eapeBed from the general hif- 
 torian ; and that impartiality which is never to be 
 found in the apologijl of a fa6lion. 
 
 AMiDsr the materials which engaged my atten- 
 tion, I could not but objerve the fignal merit of the 
 public papers which proceeded from ihe Prote/iants. 
 Upon this account, I have taken the liberty to an- 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 ?iex to my hook a colleBion of thofs of them which I 
 confidered as the mojl inter ejiing and valuable. — 
 They have an intimate connexion, and an in/iruc- 
 tive completenefs. They Jhew the a6lors in the Re* 
 formation ofScotlanl^ under the immediate dominion 
 of great pajfions ^ jirug'fling with difficult fituationsi 
 ajferting their natural independency, and vi?idicat' 
 inx the political rights of their nation. — While they 
 ferve as the vouchers of memorable tranfaBions, they 
 difplay a genuine and fir iking pidurc of the manner 
 andfpirit of the times to^ which they refer. 
 
 Edinburgh, Jan. 1780, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 BOOK j^ 
 
 THE corruption of the Romlfli cbiirch. The 
 cotnmencement of the Reformation in Scot- 
 land. James V. oppofes the new opinions. Per- 
 fecutions. Cardinal Beaton is promoted to the fee 
 of St. Andrews. His charafter. He endeavours 
 to flop the progrefs of the Reformation. The 
 condemnation of Sir John Borthwick. Progrefs 
 of the Reformation. A court of inquifition is 
 proje£led. Sir James Hamilton is appointed to 
 prefide in it. Is accufed of treafon, and execu- 
 ted. Intrigues of Henry VIII. to promote the 
 Reformation in Scotland, and to fecure its amityo 
 The clergy oppofe the views of Henry VIII. 
 The ftate of parties. Henry commences hoflili- 
 ties with Scotland. Military operations. A con- 
 spiracy in the Scottifh. camp to put to death the 
 King's favourites. A Scottilh army marches to 
 England. The rout of Solway Mofs. The afihc- 
 tion and death of James V. His character. 
 State of affairs upon the death of James V. Car- 
 dinal Beaton affumes the regency and lofes it. It 
 is conferred upon the Earl of Arran. His clia- 
 vacter. Progrefs of the Reforniation. The Scrip- 
 tures are authorifed to be read in the vulgar 
 tongue. New intrigues of Henry VIII. to pro- 
 mote the Reformation, and to acquire the fuperi- 
 ority over Scotland. Treaties of amity and mar- 
 riage. An oppofition is made to the Englifli in- 
 A tereR-, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 terefl. Schemes to fubvert the authority of the 
 regent. I'he irrefolution and levity of the regent. 
 Henry VIII. prepares for war. Cardinal Beaton 
 a6ts as minifter. Promotions. The Earl of Len- 
 nox oppofes tharf^overnment. Levies an .army, 
 and marches a^^inft the regent. The regent pre- 
 pares to perfecute the reformed. The Earl of 
 Lennox revolts to Henry VIII. An Englifli ar- 
 my invades Scotland. New misfortunes of the 
 Earl of Lennox. A truce. Perfccutions of the 
 reformed. The trial and condemnation of George 
 Wifliart. ■ Cardinal Beaton is aflaffinated. Peace 
 "with England. Confequences of the murder of 
 Cardinal Beaton. Promotions. Proceedings a- 
 gainlf the confpirators. The cadle of St. An- 
 drews is^hcfieged. An ineffe(51:ual treaty. The 
 Protcftants give their fancftion to the confpirators. 
 The French navy amve before St Andrews. 
 The cadle capitulates. An Englifli army invades 
 Scotland. The Englifli commander invites the 
 regent to a peaceful fonclufion of the marriage of 
 the Queen of Scots with ]f dward VI. His offers 
 are rejected. The battle of Pinkey: The Eng- 
 liili general neglects to profecute his victory, 
 Scotland prepares to continue the war. An Eng- 
 liih army enters Scotland. The C)ueen dowager be- 
 comes ambitious of power. The young Queen is 
 fent to France. Military operations. The fiegc 
 of Haddington is raifed. Difcontents arife be- 
 tween the Scots and French. New operations of 
 war. Continuation of hoftilities. Peace between 
 France, England, and Scotland. The ()ueen 
 Dowager wiflies to obtain the regency, and goes 
 to France. The renewal of the perfecutions. 
 The tyranny 6f the regent. Intrigues to under- 
 
 mme 
 
CONTENTS. Ill 
 
 mine tlie re'^ent. Ecclefiailical afFuirs. The 
 Qiieen Dowager returns to Scotland. The regent 
 holds jufLice courts, and harraffes the people. He 
 is urged to relign his high office. The Queen 
 Dowager obtains the regency. Page i — loo. 
 
 B O O K II. 
 
 The Queen Regent enters upon her adraini- 
 flration. Promotions. Advances of the Reforma- 
 tion. State of the church. The Queen Regent 
 enafts beneficial laws, and attends the execution 
 ofjuftice. A {landing army is projected. Re- 
 monftrances againft it. The Proteftants difcover 
 a formidable fpirit. John Knox diftinguiilies him- 
 felf. ' The Queen Regent is difirous of a war 
 with England. Progrefs of the Reformation. 
 Leaders of eminence take the direction of the Pro- 
 teftants. They invite John Knox to return to 
 Scotland. The firft covenant. The Queen Re- 
 gent urges the marriage of the Queen of Scots 
 with the Dauphin. Commifiioners are appointed 
 to tranfacl this bufinefs. Their inftru^lions. 
 The perfidious management of the Court of 
 France. The marriage of the Queen of Scots 
 and the Dauphin. An aft of parliament is ob- 
 tained to give the crown matrimonial to the Dau- 
 phin. Nevv' attempts to check the Pi.eforipation. 
 The Archbifhop of St. Andrews endeavours to 
 gain the Earl of Argyle from the Reforiiiers. 
 The martyrdom of Walter Mill. The Reform- 
 ers think of refiftance. Subfcriptions are taken 
 for hoftilities. The Proteftants agree to folicit 
 redrers from the Queen Regent, Their fuppli- 
 A 2 cation. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 cation. Heads of Reformation. The Queen 
 Regent appears to favour the Reformed. The 
 articles of Reformation are prefented to the cler- 
 gy. The Proteftants refolve to apply to parlia- 
 ment. Their petitions. The Queen Regent 
 amufes the Proteftants. Their protellation. The 
 political views of the Queen Regent. The King 
 of France declares the Queen of Scots to be the 
 heir of the Englifli crown. He incites the Queen 
 Regent to perfecute the reformed. Breach between 
 the Queen Regent and the Congregation. The Re- 
 formationiseftablifliedat Perth. The preachers pre- 
 pare to appear before the Queen Regent. John Knox 
 preaches at Perth. The demolition of the raonafte- 
 ries. The Queen Regent collects an army, and 
 marches againft the Proteftants. A treaty is con- 
 cluded. The fecond covenant. The Queen Re- 
 gent breaks her agreements. The Earl of Argylc 
 and the Lord James Stuart leave the court. — 
 Tlie preachers inflame the people. The demo- 
 lition of religious houfes. Hollile preparations 
 of the Queen Regent and the Lords of the Con- 
 gregation. c>A truce is agreed upon. But is 
 broken by the Queen Regent. The fiege of 
 Perth. The Abbey and Palace of Scoon are 
 burned. Ravages of the Congregation at Stir- 
 ling. At Linlithgow and Edinburgh. The Pro- 
 leflants take up their refidence at Edinburgh. — 
 The proclamation of the Queen Regent. The 
 Protellants aflfert the integrity of their intentions. 
 Conference by commiilioners between the Queen 
 Regent and the Congregation. The Protcltants 
 fend a meffagc to the Queen Regent. The 
 Queen Kegent marches againft the Congregation. 
 A treaty is concluded. Its terms. Difcou'tents 
 
 concerninq; 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 concerning the French mercenaries. The death 
 of Henry II. Acceffion of Francis and Mary to 
 the crown of France. The expeftations of the 
 Queen Regent. The Lords of the Congrega- 
 tion meet at Stirling. The third covenant.— 
 The Proteftants are difturbed in the exercife of 
 their religion. A meffenger arrives from France. 
 Francis and Mary addrefs letters to the Lord 
 James Stuart. Character of the Lord James 
 Stuart. The arrival of French troops at Leith. 
 New fupplies from France. Matters arrive at 
 the lafl extremity. The Earl of Arran joins the 
 Proteftants. They are joined by the Duke of 
 Chatellerault. Proceedings of the Lords of the 
 Congregation. The deplicity of the Queen Re- 
 gent. The Proteftants march to Edinburgh. — 
 The Queen Regent fends the Lord Lion to them. 
 They deliberate upon the conduft of the Queen 
 Regent, and deprive her of her office. I'heir 
 fentence or decree. Page loi — 199. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 The Proteftants fummon Leith to furrender ; 
 and fall into diftrefs. Their perplexity, and ap- 
 plication to England. An unfuccefsful attempt 
 againft Leith. A fecond fkirmifli. Secretary 
 Maitland joins the Congregation. The Proteft- 
 ants leave Edin'.'Urgh. They fend ambaffadors 
 to England. Queen Elizabeth is urged to give 
 affiftance to the Congregation. Deliberations of 
 the Englifli ftatefmen. Queen Elizabeth agrees 
 to allift the Congregation. The afibciated No- 
 bles go to different parts of the kingdom. The 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 images and altars at Glafgo^r are demoliflied. — - 
 A proclamation by the Duke of Chatellerault. 
 The Queen Dowager enters Edinburgh. She 
 refolves to finifli the war before the arrival of 
 the Englifli troops. The Proteftants endeavour 
 to check the French troops. The arrival of the 
 fleet from England. The treaty of Berwick, be- 
 tween the Congregation and Queen Elizabeth. 
 The Queen Dowager is difappointed in her hopes 
 from France. The Proteftants recover their fpi- 
 rit. Negociations of the French. The arrival 
 of the Englifli troops, and their jun^lion with the 
 Congregation. The Queen Dowager retires in- 
 to Edinburgh Caftle. The laft letter from the 
 Congregation to the Queen Dowager. The 
 fiege of Leith. Military operations. Unfuccefs- 
 ful negociations. The fourth covenant. The 
 dejeftion of the Queen Dowager. Profecutioii 
 of the fiege of Leith. The death and chara<fier 
 of the Queen Dowager. The ftate of France. 
 Its difpofition towards peace. CommiiTioners to 
 treat of peace are named by France and Eng- 
 land. The plenipotentiaries from France have 
 n particular commillion with regard to the Con- 
 gregation. The Proteftants detail their grie- 
 vances to the deputies of England and France. 
 The concefTions of Francis and Mary., Treaty of 
 Edinburgh. The proclamation of the peace. — • 
 A thanklgiving. The appointment of preachers 
 and iuperintendents. The Parliament affembles. 
 Its legality is difputed and confirmed. The fup- 
 plication of the reformed. A confeffion of faith 
 is drawn up by the reformed, and approved by 
 the parliament. The abolition of the mafs. — • 
 Abolition of the papal authority. The parlia- 
 ment 
 
CONTENTS. VU 
 
 ment follcits the ratification of its proceedings 
 from Francis and Mary. Embafl'y to England. 
 The parliament propofes the union of England 
 and Scotland, by the marriage of Queen Eliza- 
 beth with the Earl of Arran. The delicate ftate 
 of the Congr-egation. The death of Francis II. 
 The eftabhlhment of the Prefbyterian Church. 
 An envoy arrives from France. The final de- 
 flrudion of the monafi:eries, and of the other 
 monuments of popery. Conciufion. 
 
 Page 20I — 279. 
 
 Appendix. — Containing a Cohesion of the 
 Principal Records concerning the Eftablifliment 
 of the Reformation in Scotland. 
 
 Page 283—395. 
 
 / 
 
THE 
 
 REFORMATIO>nlfl'*R.£LIGION 
 
 c 
 
 I N 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 THE traffic of irxdulgences, or the fale of the ^^^^ j 
 favour of heaven, to fmners of every de- ^p'^T*^ 
 gree, firfl awakened the general attention of man- t^o.JoTthe' 
 kind to the fpirit and tendency of the Romifli. f^^^^^^ 
 faith. The confideration of particular abufes and 
 errors led to the difcovery of the defers and in- 
 firmities of the whole fyllem. Provoked by op- 
 pofitioni, invited by curiofity, impelled by pride, 
 and allured by the love of juflice and truth, men 
 inquired with anxiety and ardouj, not only into 
 B the 
 
2 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. tlic foriTi and adminiflration of the church, but 
 into the doftrines which it taught. It was fcru- 
 tinized upon every fide, and its corruptions and 
 weakneffes, incapable of all defence and apology, 
 roufed indignation and contempt. 
 
 Popery, as a fpecies of religion, when exa- 
 mined by the principles of reafon, appears to 
 mock the judgment and capacity of men ; and 
 v/hen furveyed as a political eftabliiliment, it 
 feems intended to difhurb the tranquillity of fo- 
 ciety. The ingenuity of human wit, exerted 
 to contrive what is mod extravagant, can, with 
 difficulty, conceive inventions more abfurd or ro- 
 mantic than the merits of pilgrimage and penance, 
 ,the confelTion and abfolution of fms, purgatory, 
 the invocation of faints, and the adoration of 
 images. Nor, in a pohtical view, is the wildnefs 
 it offers to obfervation lefs conclufive or ftriking. 
 A prieft, fcated at Rome, claiming the preroga- 
 tives of a deity, looking down upon emperors 
 and kings, and interfering, with heat and vio- 
 lence, in the temporal as well as the fpiritual 
 concerns of independent nations, is a boundlefs 
 violation of propriety. Prelates, fubfervient to a 
 foreign potentate, with intereils oppoute to thofe 
 of the community of which they are members, 
 
 and 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 3 
 
 and allembling to deliberate in its fenate, and to 
 controul the authority of the prince and the ma- 
 giftrate, may juflly be confidered as an inftitution 
 in hoflility to all the maxims of civil government. 
 And, by the eftabliihment of religious houfes and 
 monafleries, multitudes of individuals being con- 
 demned to confinement and indolence, fociety was 
 deprived of the fruit and advantage of their in- 
 duflry and labour. 
 
 Time added to the original imperfections of 
 the Romiili fyflem. The imraenfe wealth accu- 
 mulated by the clergy, co-operating with the law 
 of celibacy, ferved to corrupt their morals. The 
 extreme profligacy of their lives was ftill more 
 offenfive than the puerilities they inculcated. In 
 their fuccefsful advances to grandeur, they ac- 
 quired a long train of privileges and immunities ; 
 and while their imperioufnefs propagated diflrefs 
 and terror, new and conftant pretences of en- 
 croachment prefented themfelves, to flatter and 
 encourage their fpirit of ambition and tyranny. 
 Their power rofe to a mofl; exorbitant height, and 
 they were fliudious to abufe it. 
 
 All the abfurdities which fliock moft the com- 
 mon underfl:anding of mankind, all the vices and 
 B 2 immoralities 
 
4 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 ■T.-n»» ■■ I ■ - ■ — r 
 
 Book I. immoralities which infult their fenfe of modefly 
 and virtue, and all the ftretches of authority 
 which violate their pride, and overturn their in- 
 terefts, were difplayed and cxercifed in the Romifli 
 religion, and in the tranfaftions of its priefl- 
 hood *. When advanced to an extremity beyond 
 which they could no longer be endured, the pro- 
 per check and correction were applied to them. 
 They were traced to their fources, and explained 
 in their confequcnces. Knowledge increafed with 
 inquiry ; courage grew with victory ; and the 
 invention of the art of printing, fubmitting the 
 fpeculations and the reafonings of the learned to 
 the mod general remark, the nations of Europe, 
 ftarting from the lethargy into which they had 
 fallen, were forward to attend to their dignity 
 and importance ; and, while they fought a reme- 
 dy for the old fuperitltions, or afted to their o- 
 verthrow, were flrenuous to build up barriers to 
 fecure their civil rights. 
 
 The con-- The Conflagration which Martin Luther kind- 
 
 mencement ii.^-, i • t-z-i/* 
 
 nf the Re- led m Germany was not long m extendmg itlelr 
 
 formation 
 
 111 SjoUand. ••O 
 
 * Fasciculus rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum, cum 
 Appcndice fcriptorum vetenim qui ecclefips Romans errores 
 dctegunt et damnant, neccfiitatemc^ue rcformationi* urgent. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 to Scotland. In the reign of James V. the new Eook l 
 opinions had not only been propagated there, but 
 had even begun to threaten the deil:ru<5i:ion of the 
 eflabliilied faith. All the caufes which, in other 
 flates, afforded popularity and interefl to the 
 do6lrines of the Reformation, were experienced - 
 in this nation ; and its political condition furnilli- 
 ed to them a peculiar fource of encouragement. 
 Views of policy having engaged James V. in the 
 defign of humbling his nobility, there was necef- 
 farily a feeblenefs in his government. From the 
 clergy, whom the nobles defpifed, as inferior to 
 them, while they envied their wealth, he fought 
 to derive a fupport to his confequence. The 
 breach between the monarchical and the ariflo- 
 cratical powers was thus rendered the more obfli- 
 nate. In oppofition, therefore, to the crovv^n, 
 the nobility were difpofed to give their weight to 
 the people. To the new opinions, accordingly, 
 they were favourable from political confiderations, 
 as well as from their natural propriety ; and, in 
 a few years, they rofe up, advanced, and were 
 cftabliflied. 
 
 To employ feverity in the commencement of jamc* v. 
 religious novelties, has been thought confident ncwopini. 
 with wifdom and polity j and the tenets of the 
 
 Reformed 
 
6 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 rooK I. Reformed being in direct oppofition to the ancient 
 "^ faith, and even incompatible v/ith its exiflence, 
 the llrongefl meafures were fancied the mod ex- 
 pedient to reprefs them. James V. was not a- 
 verfe from violent councils. To tolerate fe^la- 
 ries was not the fafnion of thofe times. The 
 clergy had acquired an afcendency over him ; and 
 it was not their intereft to fubmit to deliberation 
 and debate. He took the refolution to aft with 
 firmnefs, and to punifh all innovators. Rigorous 
 inquifitions were made after heretics, and fires 
 were hghted to deilroy them. 
 
 xr-i- The firfl- perfon who was called upon to fuffer 
 
 Perlecu- 
 
 «ioa». for the reformed religion, was Patrick Hamilton, 
 Abbot of Feme. At an early period of life he 
 had been appointed to this abbacy ; and having 
 imbibed a favourable idea of the doftrines of Lu- 
 ther, he had travelled into Germany, and be- 
 coming acquainted with the mod eminent Reform.- 
 ers, v/as fully confn-med in their opinions. Up- 
 on his return to Scotland, he ventured to expofe 
 the corruptions of the church, and to infill on the 
 advantages of the tenets which he had embraced. 
 A conduct fo bold, and the avidity with which 
 Lis difcourfes were received by the people, gave 
 s.n alarm to the clergy,* Under the pretence of a 
 
 religious 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 religious and friendly conference, he was feduced Eook r. 
 to St Andrews by Alexander Campbell, a Do- '^ 
 minican friar, who was inflrufted to remonflrate 
 with him on the fubjecl of the Reformation.-— 
 The converfations they held only ferved to efta- 
 blifli the Abbot the more firmly in his fentiments, 
 and to inflame his zeal to propagate them. The 
 Archbifliop of St Andrews, the Archbilliop of 
 Glafgow, and ether dignitaries of the church, 
 conflituting a court, called him to appear before 
 them. The Abbot neither lofl his courage, nor 
 renounced his opinions. He was convi£led, ac- 
 cordingly, of heretical pravity, and delivered o- 
 ver to the fecular arm *. This Reformer had not 
 attained the twenty-fourth year of his age. Hi? 
 youth, his \arLue, his magnanimity, and his faf- 
 
 feringSj, 
 
 * His tenets were of the following import, and are enu- 
 merated in the fentence pronounced againft him. *' Man hath 
 *' no free will. Man is in fin fo long as he llveth. Children, 
 •* incontinent after their baptifme, are finners. AH Chrif- 
 •' tians that be worthie to be called Chriitians, do know that 
 *' they are in grace. No man is jufHSed by works, but by 
 " faith only. Good works make not a good man, but a good 
 «« man doth make good works. And faith, hope, and chati- 
 «' ty are fo knit, that he that hath the one hath the rell ; 
 «* and he that wanteth the one of them wanteth the reft." — 
 Keith, Hift. cf the Church and State of Scotland, Appen- 
 dix, p. 3. 
 
S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 KooK I. ferings, all operated in his favour with the peo- 
 ple. To Alexander Campbell, who infulted him 
 at the flake, he objefted his treachery, and cited 
 him to anfwer for his behaviour before the judg- 
 ment-feat of Chrifi:. And this perfecutor, a few 
 days after, being feized with a phrenzy, and dy- 
 ing in that condition, it was believed with the 
 greater fmcerity and confidence, that Mr Hamil- 
 ton was an innocent man, and a true martyr f. 
 
 A DEED fo affefting, from its novelty and in 
 its circumflances, excited throughout the kingdom 
 an univerfal curiofity and indignation. Minute 
 and particular inquiries were made into the tenets 
 of Mr Hamilton. Men exercifed their reafon as 
 well as their humanity. The doftrines of the 
 church of Rome underwent a fcrutiny, and were 
 compared with thofe of the Reformation. The 
 licentioufnefs of the prelates was contrafled with 
 the auflerity of the Froteflant teachers, and cen- 
 fured with a freedom of fpeech which filled them 
 w^ith the greatefl difpleafure. Converts to the 
 new opinions were multiplying in every quarter, 
 and a partiality to them began to prevail even a- 
 mong the Romifli clergy themfelves. Alexander 
 
 Seton, 
 
 t Knox, Hift. of the Church of Scotland, p. 5, 6. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 Seton, the king's confeflbr, took the Hberty to Book r, 
 inveigh againft the errors and abufes of Popery ; 
 to neglect, in his difcourfes, all mention of pur- 
 gatory, and pilgramage, and faints ; and to re- 
 commend the dodrines of the Reformed. What 
 he taught was impugned ; and his boldnefs rifmg 
 with contradiction, he defended warmly his opi- 
 nions, and even ventured to affirm, that in Scotland 
 there were no true and faithful bifliops, if a judg- 
 ment of men in this flation is to be formed from the 
 virtues which St, Paul has required of them. A 
 farcafm fo juft, and fo daring, inflamed the whole 
 body of the prelacy with refentment. They ilu- 
 died to compafs his deilruftion ; and, as Mr Se- 
 ton had given offence to the king, whom he had 
 exhorted to a greater purity of life, they flattered 
 themfelves with the hope of conducing him to the 
 flake. But, being apprehenfive of danger, he 
 made his efcape into England *. 
 
 Henry Forest, a Benedlftine friar, v/ho dif- ijj3, 
 covered a propenfity to the Reformed doClrines, 
 was not fo fortunate. After having been impri- 
 foned for fome time in the tower of St Andrews, 
 he was brought to his trial, condemned, and led 
 out to the flames. He had faid, that Mr Hamil- 
 C ton 
 
 ^ ■ • ,, .-- ,ii^^ 
 
 *Spotswood, Hift. of the Church of Scotland, p. 64,65. 
 
lO HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. ton was a pious man, and a martyr ; and that 
 " the tenets for which he fufFered might be vindi- 
 
 cated. This guilt was aggravated by the difco- 
 very, that friar Foreft was in poffeiTion of a New 
 Teftament in the Englifti language : for the priells 
 efteemed a careful attention to the fcriptures to 
 be an infallible fymptom of herefy. A cruelty fo 
 repugnant to the common fenfe and feelings of 
 mankind, while it pleafed the infolent pride of the 
 ecclefiaftics, was deftroying their importance, and 
 exciting a general difpofition in the people to a- 
 dopt, in the fullefl latitude, the principles and fen- 
 timents of the Reformed *, 
 
 3^34, James Beaton, Archbiiliop of St. Andrews, 
 
 though remarkable for prudence and moderation, 
 was overawed by his nephew and coadjutor, Da- 
 vid Beaton, and by the clergy. In his own per- 
 fon or by commlilions granted by him, perfecu- 
 lions were carried on with violence. Many were 
 driven into banifliment, and many were forced to 
 acknowledge what they did not believe. The 
 more ftrenuous and refolute were delivered over 
 to puniihment. Among thefe were two private 
 gentlemen, Norman Gouday, and David Straton. 
 
 They 
 
 * Keith, Hill, of the Church of Scotland; p. 8. Snotf^ 
 wood, p. 6^, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. II 
 
 They were tried at Holyrood-houfe, before the Book r. 
 Bifhop of Rofs, and refufing to recant, were con- 
 demned. King James, who was prefent, appear- 
 ed exceedingly felicitous that they ihould pafs from 
 their confeilion ; and David Straton, upon being 
 adjudged to the fire, having begged for his mer- 
 cy, was about to receive it, when the priefls proud- 
 ly pronounced, that the grace of a fovereign could 
 not be extended to a criminal whom their law 
 and determination had doomed to fuffer f. 
 
 A FEW years after, the Biiliops having affem- 1538. 
 bled at Edinburgh, two Dominican friars, Killor 
 and Beverage, with Sir Duncan Sympfon a prieft, 
 Robert Forrefler a gentleman of Stirling, and 
 Thomas Forrefl vicar of Dolour in Perthfliire, 
 were condemned to be confumed in the fame fire. 
 
 At Glafgow, a fimilar fcene was afted. Hiero- ^S39' 
 nymus RuITel a gray friar, and a young gentleman 
 of the name of Kennedy, were accufed of herefy be- 
 fore the Billiop of that fee. Ruffel, when brought 
 to the flake, difplaying a deliberate demeanor, 
 reafoned gravely with his accufers, and was only 
 anfwered with reproaches. Mr Kennedy, who v/as 
 not yet eighteen years of age, feemed difpofed to 
 C 2 difavow 
 
 t Knox, p. 23, 
 
HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. difavow his opinions, and to fink under the weight 
 of a cruel affliftion ; but the exhortation and ex- 
 ample of Ruifel awakening his courage, his mind 
 affumed a firmnefs and conilancy, his countenance 
 became chearful, and he exclaimed with a joyful 
 voice, " Now, I defy thee. Death; I praife 
 '' my God, I am ready *," 
 
 Cardinal James Beaton, the Archblfliop of St. An- 
 
 proniotcd' drews, happening to die about this time, the am- 
 
 of St. An- bition of David Beaton, his coadjutor, was gra- 
 
 drews. 
 
 His cha- 
 radter. 
 
 tified in the fullefl: manner. He had been created 
 a Cardinal of the Roman church, and he was now 
 advanced into the pofTeiTion of the primacy of 
 Scotland. No Scottilli ecclefiaftic had been ever 
 inverted with greater authority ; and the Reform- 
 ers had every thing to fear from fo formidable an 
 enemy. The natural violence of his temper had 
 fixed itfelf in an overbearing infolence, from the 
 fuccefs which had attended him. His youth 
 had been pafled in fcenes of policy and intrigue, 
 which, while they communicated to him addrefs, 
 and the knov/ledge of men, corrupted altogether 
 the fnuplicity and candour of his mind. He was 
 dark, defigning, and artificial. No principles of 
 juftice were any bar to his fchemes. His heart 
 
 did 
 
 . * Spotswood, p. 67. Keith, p. 9. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 did not open to any impreffions of pity. His Eook i. 
 ruling paffion was an inordinate love of power ; 
 and the fupport of his confcquence depending a- 
 lone upon the church of Rome, he was anima- 
 ted to maintain its fuperftitions with the warmeft 
 2eal. He Teemed to take a delight in perfidiouf- 
 nefs and dilTimuIation ; he had no religion •, and 
 he was ftained with an inhuman cruelty, and the 
 mofl open profligacy of manners. In connexion 
 with thefe defects, he poflefl a perfevering obdi- 
 nacy in purfjing his meafiires, the ability to per- 
 ceive and to praftife all the arts which were necef- 
 fary to advance them, and the allurements of oflen- 
 tation and prodigality. 
 
 He was fcarcely invefled in the primacy, when 1540 
 he exhibited an example of his tafle for magnili- voursto 
 
 •^ '^ flop the 
 
 cence, and of his averfion to the Reformed. He progreis of 
 
 ' the Refor- 
 
 proceeded to St. Andrews with an uncommon mation. 
 pomp and parade. The Earls of Huntley, Arran, 
 Mariflial, and Montrofe, with the Lords Fleming, 
 Lindfey, Erildne, and Seton, did him the honour 
 to attend upon him ; and there appeared in his 
 train, Gavin, Archbilhop of Glafgow and Lord 
 High Chancellor, four Bifliops, fix Abbots, a 
 great many private gentlemen, and a vaft multi- 
 tude of the inferior clergy. In the cathedral 
 
 church 
 
14 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. chuixli of St. Andrcws, from a throne erected 
 by his command, he harangued concerning the 
 Hate of religion and the church, to this company, 
 and to a crowd of other auditors. He lamented 
 the increafe of heretics ; he infifted upon their au- 
 dacity, and contempt of order ; he faid, that e- 
 ven in the court of the fovereign too much atten- 
 tion was (hewn to them ; and he urged the flrong 
 necelTity of afting againft them with the greatcll 
 rigour. He informed this aifembly, that he had 
 cited Sir John Borthwick to appear before it, for 
 maintaining tenets of faith hoflile to to the church, 
 and for difperfnig heretical books ; and he defired 
 that he might be affifled in bringing him to juftice. 
 The articles of his accufation * were read againft 
 
 Sir 
 
 * They are preferved by Archbifliop Spotfwood, and dif- 
 play great liberality of mind, in a period when philofophy 
 may be faid to have been unknown in Scotland. They are 
 thus detailed by this judicious writer : 
 
 1. <* ; HAT he held the Pope to have no greater authority 
 " over ChriUians, than any other Bifliop or Prelate had. 
 
 2. '* Phat indulgences and pardons granted by the Pope 
 " wtre of no force nor effefi, but devifed to abufe people, 
 •• and deceive poor ignorant fouls. 
 
 3 ♦' That Billiops, Prielts, and other clergymen, may 
 " laWiuUy marry. 
 
 4. " That the herefies, commonly called the heref.es of 
 " Efjgland. and thch new liturgy were commendable, and 
 " to be embraced ot ?ii Chriftlans, 
 
 5. " That 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 Sir John Borth'svick, who neither appeared in his book r, 
 own perfon, nor by any agent or deputy. He 
 was found, notwithftanding, to be guilty ; and 
 the Cardinal, with a folemnity calculated to flrike 
 with awe and terror, pronounced fentence J^ainfl 
 him. His goods and eilate were confifcated ; a 
 painted reprefentation of him was burned pubhcly, 
 in teftimony of the malediftion of the church, 
 and as a memorial of his obftinacy and condem- 
 nation. It was ordained, that in the event of 
 his being apprehended, he lliould fufier as an he- 
 retic, 
 
 5. •• That the people of Scotland are blinded by their 
 *' clergy, and profefled not the true faith. 
 
 6. " That churchmen ought not to enjoy temporali- 
 '' ties. 
 
 7. ** That the king ought to convert the rents of the 
 " church unto other pious ufes. 
 
 8. *• That the church of Scotland ought to be govern- 
 " cd after the manner of the Enghfii. 
 
 9. " That the cannons and decrees of the church were of 
 *' no force, as being contrary to the law of God. 
 
 10. •' That the orders of the friars and monks fiiould be 
 " abolifhed, as had been done in England. 
 
 1 1. *' That he did openly call the Pope Shnoniac, for that 
 " he fold fpiritual things. 
 
 12. " That he did read heretical books, and the New 
 *' Teftament in Englifli, and fome other treatifes written 
 «« by Melanchton, Oecolampadius, and Erafmus, which he 
 « gave likewife unto others. 
 
 13. *» The laft and greateft point was, that he refufed to 
 
 *' acknowledge 
 
J 6 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book t. rctlc, without Iiopc of gracc or mercy. All Clii-i- 
 flians, whether men or women, and of whatever 
 degree or condition, were prohibited from afford- 
 ing him any harbour or fuftenance. It was de- 
 dared, that every ofEce of humanity, comfort 
 and folacement, extended to him, fliould be confi- 
 dered as criminal, and be puniihed with confifca- 
 tions and forfeitures *. 
 
 Progrersof SiR Johu Borthwick, having been apprized of 
 Eution. ' his danger, Hed into England, where he V\^as kind- 
 ly received by Kenry VIII. who employed him in 
 negociations with the Proteflant Princes of Ger- 
 many. Cardinal Beaton perceived with concern, 
 that this {lately a£l of feverity did not terrify the 
 people. Nev/ defections from the church were an- 
 nounced to him. Andrew Cunningham, ,fon to 
 the mailer of Glencairn, James Hamilton, bro- 
 ther to Patrick Hamilton the mai-tyr, and the ce- 
 lebrated George Buchanan, the hiftorian, were 
 jmprifoned, upon fufpicions of herccy; and if 
 they had not found means to efcape, muil have 
 died at the (lake. In this declining condition of 
 Popery, the Cardinal held many mournful conful- 
 
 tations 
 
 " acknowledge the authority of the Roman fee, or be fubjedl 
 •* thei'eunto.'' Hift. of the Church, p. 70. 
 
 * Keith, Appendix, p. 6, 7, 8. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I7 
 
 tations with the Biiliops. All their intrigues and Book i. 
 wifdom were employed to devife methods to fup- 
 port themfelves. The project of an inquifitorial a court of 
 court was conceived, and exhibited a diitant view isprojeded, 
 of the extirpation of heretics. To erecl this tri- 
 bunal, they allured James V. with the hopes of 
 the confifcations and fpoils, which might enrich 
 him, from the perfecution and the puniiliment of 
 the Reformed. He yielded himfelf to their foli- 
 citations, and gave them the fanftion of his au- 
 thority. 
 
 A FORMAL commiflion was granted, conflitu- sir jan-.es 
 
 f. . . r 1 ■ 1 • Hamilton ;s 
 
 ting a court or inquiry atter heretics, and nomi- appointed 
 
 to prcfidc 
 
 nating for its prefident. Sir James Hamilton of in ic. 
 Fennard, natural brother to the Eaid of Arran. 
 The ofilcious afTiduity of this man, his ambition, 
 and his thirft of blood, were acceptable in a high 
 degree to the clergy ; and to this bad eminence 
 their recommendation had promoted him. Upon 
 the flightefl fufpicion he was allowed to call any 
 perfon before him, to fcrutinize into his creed, 
 and to abfolve or to condemn him. A tribunal 
 fo dreadful could not have found a director more 
 fuited to it. He v/as in hafte to fill the prifons 
 of the kingdom with culprits, and was marking 
 down in lifts the names of all thofe to whom he- 
 1) ■ refy 
 
HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. refy was imputed by popular report, and whom 
 the arts of malicious men had reprefented as the 
 objefts of correction and punifliment. But, while 
 he was brooding over mifchief, and multiplying 
 in fancy the triumphs of his wickednefs, an un- 
 expefted turn of affairs prefented him in the light 
 of a criminal, and conduced him to the fcaffold. 
 
 Is accufed The brotlicr of Mr Hamilton the martyr, to 
 
 of trealbn, 
 
 and cxecu- avoid perfccution, had been obliged to go into 
 baniiliment j but, by the interceflion of his 
 friends, he was permitted to return for a lliort 
 time to his own country, that he might regulate 
 the affairs of his family. He was connefted with 
 Sir James Hamilton ; and, trufting to the ties of 
 blood, ventured to prolong his Hay beyond the 
 period allotted to him. This trefpafs was trivial. 
 Sir Jam.es Hamilton, however, being willing to 
 give a fignal example of feverity, and by this 
 means to ingratiate himfelf the more with the 
 priefthood, took the refoliition to make his own 
 relation the iirfl vi6lim of his power. Mr Hamil- 
 ton, attentive to his perfonal fecurity, and not 
 unacquainted with the moft private machinations 
 of this inquifitor, difpatched his fon to the King, 
 who was about to pafs the Forth in a barge, and 
 intrealed hun to provide for liis fafety, as Sir 
 
 James 
 
OF JIELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I9 
 
 James Hamilton liad confpired with the lioufe of book r. 
 Douglas to alTalTmate him. James V. being at ^-*"v"* 
 variance with the houfe of Douglas, had reafons 
 of fufpicion, and was difpofed to believe every- 
 thing that is mofl flagitious of Sir James Plamilton, 
 He inftru^ed the young gentleman to go with ex- 
 pedition to Edinburgh, and to open the matter 
 to the privy council ; and that he might be treat- 
 ed with the greater refpefl:, he furniflied him 
 with the ring which he was accudomed to fend 
 to them upon thofe important occafions which re- 
 quired their addrefs and activity. Sir James Ha- 
 milton was apprehended and imprifoned. An 
 accufation of having devifed and attempted the 
 King's death at different times, was preferred a- 
 gainft him. His defence appeared to be weak 
 and unfatisfa£lory. A jury, which confifled of 
 men of rank and character, pronounced him guil- 
 ty ; and, being condemned to fuffer the death of 
 a traitor, he loH his head, and the quarters of 
 his body were expofed upon the gates of the city 
 of Edinburgh. The clergy, who could not pre- 
 vent his trial and execution, regretted his death, 
 but did not think of appointing a fuccellbr to him 
 in their court of inquifitlon *. 
 
 D 2 While 
 
 ♦ Buchanan, Hifl. Rcr. Scot. lib. xir. Drummond, 
 Hifl.of James V. 
 
HISTORY OF THE REFORM.ATION 
 
 Book I. 
 
 While the Reformation -was advancino- in 
 Scotland, from the courage and perfeverance of 
 its teachers, and from the propriety of its doc- 
 trines, when compared with the abfurdities of 
 Popery, it received fome countenance from a- 
 broad, by the negociations of Henry VIII. — 
 This magniiicent Prince, when he refoiVed to dif- 
 claim the authority of the Pope, and to polTefs 
 himfelf of the ample revenues of the clergy, had 
 exhorted, in an earnefc manner, his nephew, 
 James V. to adopt his fentiments. After effec- 
 tuating the deflru^lion of the monafteries, he be- 
 came more eager to acquire the Scottifli monarch 
 to his party, and to prevent his coalition with 
 the Pope and the Em.peror Charles V. Hence, 
 before the death of James Beaton, Archbifliop of 
 St. Andrev/s, he had fent into Scotland, as his 
 ambaiTador, Sir Ralph Sadler, a niiniiler of abi- 
 lity. His inftruftions were, to attempt the dif- 
 grace of Cardinal Beaton, whom he could not 
 hope to gain over from Popery, and who was 
 attached to Francis I. from whom he had recei- 
 ved tlie Bifliopric of Mirepoix, and to Paul III. 
 by whom he had been advanced to the dignity of 
 Cardinal. Hints were to be communicated to 
 jamcs V. that this ambitious ecclefiaftic was ab- 
 jeftly devoted to the interefts of France and Rome, 
 
 and 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 21 
 
 and that he meant to unite in his perfon the tem- ^^ ,y j^ 
 poral power and the fpiritual jurifdiclion. Tae '-*^'~*J 
 wants and ambition of James were to be attacked 
 by a difplay of the riches of the abbeys and reli- 
 gious houfes, which might be annexed to his re- 
 venue. The hope, that Kenry might appoint 
 him his fucceiTor, in the event of the death of 
 Edward Prince of Wales, was to be infiimated 
 into his thoughts, and to be fofcered with art. 
 A trial of his aifedion for his uncle was to be 
 made, by infifting on the rumours which prevail- 
 ed, that the Pope, the Emperor, and the King 
 of France, were to invade England ; and by 
 mentioning a fufpicion v/nich had gone abroad, 
 that James was hirafelf to favour their operations. 
 In fine, Henry, thinking that he would be able 
 to complete in perfon the impreffions to be made 
 by his ambalTador, inflru(Pi.ed him to requen an 
 interviev/ with James at York, where they might 
 finally conclude upon the meafures which were 
 raofl conducive to their mutual interefts and fecu- 
 rity *. 
 
 Si R Ralph S ADL E R afled his part v.'i th addrefs ; The clergy 
 and James, flattered by the advances of fo power- vlcw.iof 
 
 ^ , IlcnryVlir. 
 
 fui 
 Sailer, Letters and Negociations, p. 4, 21. 
 
22 HISTOP.Y OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 • • • ^- 
 
 BooK I. ful an ally, was difpofed to meet Henry at 
 -''^~" York, and gave his promife to that purpofe. — 
 The clergy, however, who faw nothing but ruin 
 in an union which was to be cemented by the o- 
 verthrow of Popery, employed every expedient 
 to prevent it. Cardinal Beaton had recommend- 
 ed himfelf fo efFeftually to his fovereign, that the 
 attachment entertained for him was not to be flia- 
 ken. The Bifliops joined their influence to his ; 
 and they all concurred in reprefenting to James 
 the dangers of innovation, aud the fpirit of infta- 
 bility and caprice that would arife in the people, 
 from giving way to the current of their humours. 
 They urged, that a facility in facrificing the ec- 
 ciefiaflical rights and authority, would invite the 
 fa£tious to attempts upon the civil power and the 
 royal prerogatives. The nobility, they faid, were 
 devouring, in fancy, the fpoils of the church, and 
 were courting an independency that might endan- 
 ger the crown. A prompt feverity, and a firm- 
 nefs of purpofe, they conceived, were fufficient 
 to reftrain the defires of the multitude, and to 
 to check, by degrees, the ferocity of the Reform- 
 ed. They defcribed the fluftuating councils of 
 Henry VIII. and the impropriety of trufting to 
 a prince who was the fport of his paflions. They 
 intreated liim to call to remembrance, that the 
 
 people 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 2J 
 
 people of England were the ancient and the natu- book i. 
 ral enemies of his nation ; and they aiked him, if he '""^ 
 was to forfeit, for them, the friendfliip of France, 
 with which his country had been connected in an 
 old and afFe^lionate alliance, and to expofe him- 
 felf to the rage of the Pope and the Emperor. — 
 To give flrength to thefe arguments, they offer- 
 ed to him a yearly penfion of fifty thoufand crowns ; 
 and they alTured him that one hundred thoufand 
 more fliould be lodged anually in his exchequer, 
 from the perfecution of heretics. Mary of Lorraine, 
 the daughter of Claude, the firft Duke of Guife, 
 the new Queen, acceded to fentiraents which it 
 was natural to her to adopt. She v/as in the 
 bloom of youth and beauty, and all her addrefs 
 was exerted to affifl the reprefentations of the 
 prieflhood. King James allowed himfelf to be o- 
 vercome : he declined to go to York, where Hen- 
 ry arrived at the appointed time, to hold the con- September 
 ference they had projected ; and, in apology for 
 this weaknefs of behaviour, he aifefled the con- 
 trolling necelTity of high and important bufmefs *. 
 
 * Lord Herbert, life and reign of Henry VIIL ap. Ken- 
 net, voU n. p. 2 22. Buchanan, Hift. Rer. iScot. lib. xi?. 
 
24 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. It was with the utmofl indignation that the 
 Scottifli nobles confidered the pufillanimity of their 
 fovereign ; it was with the utmofl fcorn that thev 
 bore the conlidence which he repofed in Cardinal 
 Beaton and the prelates ; it was with the utmofl 
 abhorence that they beheld the cruelties exercifed 
 againfl the Ref^ormed. The different orders of 
 the flate were convulfed with animdfities. Tlie 
 King dreaded that the nobility were in the interefts 
 of Henry VIII. The nobility dreaded that the 
 King had confpired their deflru£l:ion. The clergy 
 were ready to facrifice the peace of their country, 
 and every thing that was mofl facred, to Popery^ 
 and their own importancco 
 
 Henry Th£ rcfentmcnt of Henry VIII. for the affront 
 
 commences i • -i t t -i t • r i 
 
 hoftiiitics put upon hnn by James, did not admit or any al- 
 
 ■with Scot- , . . TT-1 Ml • r 1 
 
 land. ieviation. While lie was preparing a powerful 
 
 army to chaflize him, he commanded incurfions 
 to be made into the borders of Scotland, and or- 
 dered his fleet to make prizes of the Scottifh fliips 
 in their harbours, and at fea. James difpatched 
 George Gordon, Earl of Huntley, to prote£l the 
 frontier provinces, and gave orders to Sir James 
 Learmont to treat with Henry for terms of accom- 
 modation, or to gain time by amufing him. Sir 
 Robert Bowes, with three thoufiuid men, and af- 
 filed 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 25 
 
 filled by the Earl of Angus, and Sir George Dou- book i. 
 glas his brother, penetrated into Scotlnad, and '■" -* 
 committed fpoil and devaftation werever lie march- 
 ed. The Earl of Huntley encountered him at 
 Haldenrig, and the Lord Hume advancing with 
 four hundred frefli lances, the Engliili forces tvere 
 thrown into confufion and difcomfited. Few were 
 killed ; but fix huiidred prifoners were taken, and 
 among thefe Sir Robert Bowes, Sir William Mou- 
 bray, and James Douglas of Parkhead *. 
 
 An army, which, according to the Eiiglifli hif- Military o- 
 torians confifled of twenty thoufand men, was ap- 
 proaching in the mean while towards Scotland, 
 under the direftion of the Duke of Norfolk. It 
 paffed the Tweed, and deftroyed fome hamlets. 
 James reinforced the Earl of Huntley, and placing 
 himfelf at the head of thirty thoufand combatants, 
 prepared to give battle to the Engliili command- o<aober 
 er. But the Duke of Norfolk, being apprehen- 
 five of this force, or being in want of provifions, 
 or becaufe the feafon was far advanced, recrolTed 
 the Tweed, and led back his troops. The Scot- 
 tifli army, waiting his movements, and expelling 
 his march to Edinburgh, Irad encamped at Fala- 
 E Moor ; 
 
 * Drummond, Hid. of James V. 
 
 154a. 
 
iS HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. Moor ; and while it was in this flation, the nobi- 
 
 154a, lity conceived the proje£l of putting to death thofe 
 
 cyTthe"' courtiers and ilatefmen who had encouraged the 
 
 camp'.toput King to take exceptions againft their order. But 
 
 to death ... PI . ^ 
 
 Hie King's while many ot them were anxious to lave particu- 
 lar friends and relations, the obnoxious perfons 
 made their efcape ; and the jealoufies which be- 
 fore were fo high, were ftill farther inflamed by 
 a turbulence fo fierce and ungovernable. To a 
 nobility agitated with domellic grievances, the re- 
 treat of the Duke of Norfolk communicated no 
 military impatience and ardour. It was in vain 
 that the King urged them to feek glory and re- 
 venge, by purfuing him, and carrying their ftand- 
 ards into the country of their enemies. They in 
 formed him, that they had determined to fight 
 upon Scottifli ground, but that they were not in- 
 clined to proceed into England, and to urge per- 
 tinacioufly a war which the arts of the clergy had 
 produced, without the fpur and conflraint of flrong 
 and compelling motives. The king, who confi- 
 dered himfelf as Infulted by their confpiracy a- 
 gainil his minillers, was filled with aflonifliment 
 and indignation at their refufal to obey him. In 
 the bitternefs of his anger, he reproached them 
 with treachery and cowardice ; and, difbanding 
 an army in which he could not confide, he hallen- 
 
 ed 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 27 
 
 ed to Edinburgh to feed his dejeftion and mc- 
 
 BOOK. I 
 
 lancholy *. ^54». 
 
 marches to 
 England. 
 
 Cardinal Beaton was anxious about the a Scot- 
 
 tilli army 
 
 condition into which he had brought his Sovereign, 
 and dreaded left he fliould employ deliberately his 
 underflanding on the flate of aifairs. To cure 
 his defpondence, and to gratify his refentment a- 
 gainfl England, a folemn council was held ; and 
 the clergy, producing a regifler or roll of the 
 names of three hundred and fixty perfons who 
 were heretics, declared, that if their perfecution 
 and condemnation were permitted, they would 
 engage to fupply the charges of an inroad into 
 England. At the fame time they advifed the 
 King to alTemble a new army ; and that no intelli- 
 gence of his defign might go to the enemy, they 
 propofed, that clofe letters, inftead of an open pro- 
 clamation, fhould call together the nobility, and 
 the inferior tenants of the crown. No projeft 
 could be more acceptable to James ; and he was 
 encouraged to it in a more particular manner, 
 when he reflefted on the generofity of the Lord 
 Maxwel, who, upon the late refufal of the nobi- 
 lity to obey their Sovereign, had offered. to take 
 E 2 the 
 
 ♦ Buchanan, Hid. Rer. Scot. lib. xiv. Knox, p. 29. 
 
2S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book t. the coiTimand of ten thoufand men, and with this 
 
 ij43. fmall force to invade England, and to anfwer for 
 
 his fuccefs with his Hfe. The Earls of Caffilis 
 
 and Glencairn, the Lords Maxwel, Fleming, So- 
 
 • merville, and Erfkine, with a great number of 
 
 private gentlemen, collecting their relations and 
 
 vaffals, put themfelves in motion. Sir Thomas 
 
 Wharton, the warden of the northern marches of 
 
 England, gathered in hajfte what troops he could 5 
 
 and was fupported by Sir William Mufgrave, and 
 
 Dacres, captains of valour and experience. At 
 
 The rout of Solway Mofs the two armies came in fight of each 
 
 Solway 
 
 Mofi, Other. Conducing his troops to an advantageous 
 ground, the Engliili commander ranged them in- 
 to a battahon. The Scottifti nobles demanded to 
 know, by whom they were to be led on to battle. 
 Oliver Sinclair, a fonofthe family of Roiline, and 
 the favourite of the King and Cardinal, feated 
 on crofs pikes, and fuftained upon the llioulders 
 of foldiers, was fliown to them as their general. — 
 Filled with anger at the promotion of a perfon fo 
 much inferior to them, they refufed to perform 
 iheir duty. An univerfal difiatisfaftion fpread it- 
 felf through the ranks. The Lord Maxwel, who 
 expe£led to have been appointed to the command 
 of this army, employed himfelf with anxiety to 
 ibfler the mutiny. Sir Thomas AVhartgn took ad- 
 vantage 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 2g 
 
 vantage of diforders from which he had every bookl 
 thing to hope. He advanced to the attack, com- ^^/^ 
 manding his army to make a general fliout. This 
 movement added to the confufion of the Scottifli 
 forces. No refinance was made. Men of hioh. 
 
 o 
 
 rank, as well as the common foldiers, were for- 
 ward to furrender themfelves to the enemy. A 
 great booty was taken in horfes, artillery and bag- 
 gage. Overcome by difcontent, difappointment, 
 and rage, a powerful army gave away the honour 
 of their nation, and their own, to a handful of raw 
 and undifciplined foldiers *. 
 
 King James, indulging in hopes, waited with jJ^Jlf 3^^*^' 
 impatience to hear the fuccefs of his troops. An ^«^"hof 
 event fo uncommon, and fo difgraceful, flruck 
 him with inexpreffible amazement. Sufpicions 
 of his nobility augmented his diflrefs. Burning 
 with fliame, convulfed v/ith anger, and tortured 
 with fears, he felt the fury of the moil unhappy 
 paflions. No confolations could afford him any 
 relief ; no remedy could be pointed out to re- 
 trieve the wretchednefs of his fortune. He fled 
 from his capital, to bury himfelf in the palace of 
 Falkland. The agitations of his mind affecfled 
 
 his 
 
 * Buchanan Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xiv. Lord Her- 
 bert, ap. Kennct, p. 233. 
 
Bon !. 
 
 30 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 his body •, his ftrength was wafted with continual 
 anxieties and cares. Even the prefence of his 
 domcdics difturbed him. His fufferings during 
 the day received no abatement in the night ; his 
 fleep was unquiet, his dreams frightful. Ab- 
 Haining from food, he fixed himfelf in his bed, 
 a devoted vidim to anguifli and defpair. In this 
 miferable condition the news arrived, that the 
 Queen was fafely delivered at Linlithgow. . A 
 gleam of joy broke in upon him ; for his fons 
 James and Arthur were already dead. But be- 
 ing told that this child was a daughter, he turned 
 his face from the unwelcome meffenger, and ex- 
 claimed,—" This kingdom, which came by a 
 *' woman, Vv-ill go with one. Many miferies 
 " wait upon it. Henry will win it by marriage, 
 " or make it his ov/n by arras." Soon after he 
 had uttered thefe words, he expired *. 
 
 Hischarac- Tames V. v.'ith a viGjorous conftitution, and 
 
 ter. *'^ . 
 
 great advantages of perfon, had a mind turned 
 for affairs, and ingenious. He had fludied the 
 laws of his nation, and he diftributed juftice with 
 a ftricl impartiality. He promoted new manufac- 
 tures, 
 
 * Drl'mmond, Hill, of James V. Spoifwood, p. 71. 
 Knox, p. 33, 34, sr. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 3 1 
 
 tures, and invited foreign artincers to refide in 
 ' his kingdom. None of his fubje<fl:3 were refufed 
 accefs to him ; and he was able to maintain a fa- 
 miliarity with them without lofing his dignity. 
 His munificence and liberality were exerted with 
 a proper attention to his revenues. Though his 
 education had been negle<fled, he was an encou- 
 rager of learning. Fond of pleafure, and prodigal 
 of his love, many women of rank were feduced 
 by him to admit his addrefTes. Of his nobility 
 he was jealous without fulEcient grounds ; and 
 when they offended him, his revenge was cruel 
 and impolitic. But his greatefl fault was the re- 
 fpect he entertained for Cardinal Beaton and the 
 clergy. Though moderate, and even carelefs in 
 his religious principles, he adopted their intole^ 
 rant fpirit, and forgot that a good Sovereign will 
 not perfevere in fupporting ancient fyftems of 
 theology, when they have become too grofs and 
 abfurd for the undei-ftandings of his p.eople. 
 
 The death of James was an afflifting event, state of af- 
 and feemed a prelude to new calamities. Mary, the derth'of 
 his infant daughter, fucceeded to his kingdom """' 
 and his misfortunes. Many of the nobility had 
 been taken at Solway Mofs, and were prifoners 
 in London ; thofe who remained at home were 
 
 faftious 
 
33 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 fa^Hous and turbulent. Cardinal Beaton was 
 eager to retain his power, and to augment it. — 
 Popery and the Reformed religion were flruggling 
 for the fuperiority, and exciting commotions. — 
 An unnecelTary and fuccefslefs war with England 
 had difpirited the nation ; and Henry VIII. was 
 ftimulated with the glory of adding Scotland to 
 his dominions. 
 
 Cardinal No flcps for thc futurc fecuHty of his kingdom 
 
 fumes the had bccH taken by King James before his death* 
 and lofes it. But, by a teflimentary deed which the Cardinal 
 
 It is confer- 
 
 red upon had forgcd in the name of his Sovereign *, he 
 
 tha Earl of 
 
 Arran. was appointed tutor to the Queen, and governor 
 of the realm, and three of the principal nobility 
 were named to a£l as his counfellors in the admi- 
 niftration f. To give weight to an inflirument fo 
 favourable to his fchemes, it was proclaimed pub- 
 licly by his order ; and upon this authority he 
 intruded himfelf into the regency. The nobility, 
 and the people, however, calling in quellion the 
 authenticity of this deed, which he could not e- 
 
 flablifli, 
 
 * " He did counterfeit the late King's teftament ; and 
 ** when the King was even alraoft dead, he took his hand 
 *• in his, and fo caufed him to fabfcribe a blank paper."— 
 Sir R. Sadler's Letters and Negociations, p. i6i. 
 
 f Ths Earls of Huntley, Argyle, and Arran. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 33 
 
 ■ VI ■■■ ■ ■i. iwwi I as 
 
 ftablifli, and being defirous to give a check to his book r. 
 enterprifing temper, he was degraded from the ^"TJJa!^ 
 dignity he had alTumed ; and the eftates of the 
 kingdom advanced into the regency James Ha- 
 milton, Earl of Arran, whom they judged to be 
 intitled to this diflin6lion, as the fecond perfon in 
 the kingdom, and the nearefl heir, after Mary, 
 to the crown *. 
 
 The difgrace of Cardinal Beaton might have hu charac* 
 proved the deftruftion of his party, if the Earl of 
 Arran had been endowed with vigour of mind 
 and ability. But nature had not qualified him 
 for a high and difficult flation. His foul had a 
 womanifli fenfibility and foftnefs. He was unfit 
 for the buflle of bufinefs, and the ardour of tur- 
 bulent times. His views were circumfcrlbed ; 
 and he did not compenfate for this defeft by any 
 firmnefs of purpofe. He was too indolent to gain 
 partizans, and too irrefolute to fix them. Slight 
 difficulties filled him with embarraffiuent, and 
 great ones overpowered him. His enemies ap- 
 plying themfelves to the feverifti timidity of his 
 difpofition, betrayed him into weaknefies ; and 
 F the 
 
 * Regist. Pari. EpllL Regum Scotoruro, Appendix, val. 
 ii. p. 308. 
 
34 hiStorV of the reformation 
 
 ' ' I I " " — ^ 
 
 Book t. the efleem which his gentlenefs had procured him 
 
 "■^aTj in private life, was lofl in the contempt attending 
 
 his public conduft, which was feeble, fluftuating, 
 
 and inconfiflent. 
 
 Proa;reri of Xhe attachment which the Regjent was known 
 
 the Rcfor- ^ 
 
 maticn. to profefs for the new opinions, drew to him the 
 love of the people ; his high birth, and the mild- 
 nefs of his virtues, conciliated their refpe£l ; and 
 fi-om the circumflance, that his name was at the 
 head of the roll of heretics which the clergy had 
 prefented to the late King, a fentiment of tender- 
 nefs was mingled with his popularity. His con- 
 diift correfponded, at firft, with the impreffions 
 entertained in his favour. Thomas Guillame, 
 and John Rough, two celebrated preachers, were 
 invited to live in his houfe ; and he permitted 
 them to declaim openly againil the errors of the 
 church of Rome. They attacked and expofed 
 the fupremacy of the Pope, the worlliip of images, 
 and the invocation of faints. Cardinal Beaton 
 and the prelates were infinitely difcontented, and 
 indefatigably a£live to defend the ellabliihed doc- 
 trines* 
 
 This public fan^tion afforded to the Reforma- 
 tion was of little confequence, however, when 
 
 compared 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 35 
 
 compared with a meafure which was foon after bq^k f. 
 adopted by Robert Lord Maxwel. He propofed, ^"^^J^T^ 
 that the hberty of reading the Scriptures in the turcslre^" 
 vulgar tongue fliould be permitted to the people ; Jo be read 
 and that, for the future, no heretical guilt flaould gj ioJguc. 
 be inferred againfl: any perfon for having them in 
 his polTelTion, or for making ufe of them. The 
 Regent and the three eflates acknowledged the 
 propriety of this propofal. Gavin Dunbar, 
 Archbifliop of Glafgow, and Chancellor ot Scot- 
 land, protelted, indeed, for himfelf and for the 
 church, that no a£l on this fubjeft fliould pafs and 
 be effeftual, till a provincial council of all the 
 clergy of the kingdom fliould confider and deter- 
 mine, whether there was a necefllty that the peo- 
 ple fliould confult and ftudy the Scriptures in the 
 vulgar tongue. But his protefliation being difrc- 
 garded, the bill of the Lord Maxwel was carried 
 into a law, and the Regent made it generally 
 known by a proclamation *, 
 
 From this period, copies of the Bible were 
 
 imported in great numbers from England ; and 
 
 men, allured by an appeal fo flattering to their 
 
 reafon, were proud to recover from the fupine 
 
 F 2 ignorance 
 
 ,T!T.,r .■....' ■ . - m 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. I. 
 
36 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATIOIsT 
 
 ignorance in which they had been kept by an art- 
 ful prieflihood. To read became a common ac- 
 compHfliment ; and books were multiplied in every 
 quarter, which difclofed the pride, the tyranny, 
 and the abfurdities of the Romiili church and fu- 
 perllitions*. 
 
 1543- The death of James V. and the birth of his 
 
 New in- 
 trigues of daughter, were events extremely favourable to 
 
 HenryVlir, . . 
 
 to promote the poHtical defigns of Henry VIII. and, putting 
 mation, an end to hoflilities, he engaged the Regent in 
 quite the important ne^ociations. He concerted the union 
 
 fuperioriry * ° 
 
 over Scot- of the two kingdoms, in the marriage of his fon 
 Edward Prince of Wales with the CJueen of Scots. 
 To the Scottilh noblemen who were made pri- 
 foners at Solway Mofs, he communicated this 
 projcifl: ; and gaining them by civilities and pen- 
 fions, made them promife upon oath, not only 
 to concur in promoting this alliance, but to en- 
 deavour to procure to him the charge and cuftody 
 of the young Queen, with the government of her 
 Icingdom, and the polTeflion of her caftles. They 
 were releafed accordingly from confinement ; and 
 they confented to give their fons and relations as 
 hoflages, that they fliould return to be his pri- 
 
 foners. 
 
 * S?oTs\vooD, p. 72. Knox, p. 37. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 37 
 
 foners, if they failed in accompliftiing the purpofes book'l 
 they had undertaken. The Earl of Angus and ,^43. 
 his brother, who had been fifteen years in exile, 
 accompanied them into Scotland, and brought . 
 letters from Henry, recommending them to the 
 reftitution of their honours and eftates. 
 
 The Regent lent a willing ear to perfons fo 
 formidable from their rank and importance, and 
 •who had an interefl to oppofe the meafures of the 
 party in oppofition to him. And, at this time. 
 Cardinal Beaton was thrown into prifon, on the 
 pretence of being concerned with the Duke of 
 Guife in a fcherae hoflile to Scotland. A meet- 
 ing of the eftates was called ; but though they 
 were difpofed to confent to the marriage of their 
 Sovereign with the only fon of Henry VIII. they 
 dilliked the conditions annexed to it ; refufmg to 
 permit her removal into England, till llie had at- 
 tained her majority ; and rejecting with fcorn the 
 idea of giving the government of her kingdom, 
 and the care of her caftles, to the King of Eng- 
 land. Sir Ralph Sadler, the Englifh ambaftador, 
 exerted upon this occaiion all the arts of a Ikilful 
 and crafty ftatefman. He alarm.ed the fears of 
 the Regent by the dangers of a war ; he allured 
 his vanity by the hope of the marriage of his fon, 
 
 the 
 
':8 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. tlic Lord Hamilton, with King Heni7's daughter, 
 Ji43- the Lady Elizabeth ; and he held out to him the 
 fovereignty of the country beyond the Forth, as 
 an acquifition within his reach. With the Scot- 
 tifii Lords who had fworn to aflift his mafler, his 
 confultations were earneft and frequent ; and 
 when he defpaired of acquiring the objefts of his 
 embafly by their political influence, he endeavour- 
 ed to feduce them into a confpiracy, to convey into 
 England by ftratagem, the young Queen and Car- 
 dinal Beaton *. 
 
 All his intrigues, however, were unfuccefs- 
 ful. The three eftates could not be induced to 
 yield to views which would neceffarily overturn the 
 national independency ; the Queen Dowager and 
 the French faction v^'ere firm and powerful ; the per- 
 fon of the young Qiveen was guarded with anxie- 
 ty ; and the clergy exerted all their activity and 
 ftrength to defeat his operations. Henry percei- 
 ved the expediency of Q^eparting from the extrava- 
 gant conditions he had propofed ; and he autho- 
 rifed commiiTicners to coiifent to treaties of amity 
 
 and marriage, in the terms the mod favourable 
 
 to 
 
 * Sir Ralph Sad/.er, Letters and Ncgociationi, 
 p. 6^. 260. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 39 
 
 to him which could be obtained from the padia- Book l 
 ment of Scotland. 1543. 
 
 The difficulties of negoclation being thus re- Treaties o? 
 
 amity and 
 
 moved, the commiffioners of England and Scotland marriage. 
 were not long in adjuiling and fubfcribing articles 
 of convention and agreement. It was concluded 
 in the treaty of amity, that a firm peace and al- 
 liance fhould take place between the two nations ; 
 and that they fliould mutually defend and proteft 
 one another againfl every foreign invader. In 
 the treaty of marriage it was agreed, that the 
 Queen of Scots ihould remain within her own do- 
 minions till flie attained the tenth year of her age. 
 No fliare in the government of Scotland was com- 
 municated to Henry, and he was invefted in no 
 charge of its callles. Six nobles, or their apparent 
 heirs, were immediately to be furrendered to him, 
 in fecurity for the conveyance of the young Queeft 
 into England, and for her marriage with Prince 
 Edward, upon her reaching her tenth year. It 
 was alfo ftipulated, that although the Queen fhould 
 have ilTue by Prince Edward, Scotland fliould re- 
 tain not only its name, but its laws and liber- 
 ties *. 
 
 Though 
 
 * Epist. Reg. Scot. -Appendix, No. I. and II. Ryraer, 
 Fcedera, vol. xiv. p. 789. 7915. 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. Though tlicfe treaties included conditions 
 1543- which were infinitely more advantageous to Scot- 
 
 An oppofi- 
 
 tionismade land tlian thofe which Henry had contended for, 
 
 to the Eng;- 
 
 lifhincereft. yet they did not give entire fatisfadion to the na- 
 tion ; and the unfufpe£ting Regent had ftnick a 
 blow which was fatal to his popularity. His con- 
 duft did not efcape the cenfure of his enemies ; and 
 Cardinal Beaton, having obtained a difcharge 
 from confinement, by the influence of the Queen 
 Dowager, embraced every oportunity to haflen 
 his difgrace. He exclaimed againfl an alliance 
 which threatened to deilroy the independency of 
 an ancient and renowned kingdom. He fofl:er- 
 ed the natural animofities of the people, rouzed 
 their pride, and excited their apprehenfions. He 
 called an aflTembly of the ecclefiallics, pointed out 
 the ruin which hung over the church, reprefented 
 the dangers which mufl arife, not only to their re- 
 venues but to their lives, from the advancement 
 of the Reformation ; and urged them to unanimi- 
 ty and zeal. Awakening all their fears and felfilli- 
 nefs, they granted him large fums of money, with 
 which he might buy partizans ; and the friars 
 were inflru^led to preach againll the treaties with 
 England, and to invite the rage of fanatical men 
 
 to 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 41 
 
 to difplay itfelf, in offering indignities to Sir Book, i 
 Ralph Sadler, the Engliih ambaflkdor *. 1543- 
 
 The Earls of Argyle, Huntley, Bothwel, and .schemes to 
 Murray, who were all in the French faftion, con- authority of 
 curred in oppofing the meafures of Henry VIIL ' '^' 
 and exerted tliemfelves to overturn the power of 
 the Regent. Upon the conclufion of the treaties, 
 they aifiiled the Cardinal to colleft troops ; and 
 with the connivance of the C)ueen Dowager, poITef- 
 fing therafelves of her perfon, and of that of the 
 young Queen, they aifefted to arrogate to thein- 
 felves the authority of government. By this u- 
 furpation, ofconfequence, by labouring to prevent 
 the ratification of the treaties, and by threatening 
 to depofe the Regent, they flattered the preju- 
 dices of the nation, undermined his importance, 
 and augmented their own. 
 
 Mathew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, who a- 
 bout this time arrived from France, upon the in- 
 vitation of the Queen Dowager and the Cardinal, 
 gave a new flrength to their party, and a frefli 
 wound to the Earl of Arran. He brought with 
 him many fair promifes from Francis I. He was 
 G made 
 
 * Buchanan Hid. Rer. Scot. lib. .xv. Spotfwoodj 
 p- 73. XiOrd Herbert, ap. Kennet, p. 235. 
 
42 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 made to hope that he might efpoufe the Queen 
 Dowager, and to obtain the regency of Scotland ; 
 and he was difpofed to confound the views of the 
 Earl of Arran, from an ancient hoftility which 
 had fubfifled between their famihes, and from a 
 claim he poffeiTed, to fuperfede him, not only in the 
 enjoyment of his perfonal ellates, but in the fuc- 
 cpilion to the crown. 
 
 It was by giving the alarm to the timorous 
 fenfibilities of the Regent, that the Queen Dowa- 
 ger and the Cardinal could eifeftuate mod fecure- 
 ly his overthrow ; and while the power of their 
 faftion a£led openly to this end, they were affifl- 
 ed privately by the agency of John Hamilton, the 
 abbot of Paiiley. This ecclefiafllc was the natu- 
 ral brother of the Regent, enjoyed an extreme in- 
 timacy with him, and was devoted to the church 
 and to Cardinal Beaton. He reprefented to him, 
 that Henry VIII. was by no means inclined to af- 
 ford him any real or folid fupport j and that the 
 projeft of delivering up the young Queen to this 
 prince, while it was odious to a great number of 
 the nobles, was regarded with the utmofl detefta- 
 tion by the people. He pointed out the oppofi- 
 tion and the impopularity to which he was afli- 
 (iuous to expofe himfelf. He infifled upon the 
 
 claims 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 43 
 
 claims of the Earl of Lennox, and explained in bo"k f- 
 glowing colours all the force they might acquire in 1543- 
 the prefent critical fituation of affairs. He urged, 
 that his praftices to forward the Reformation in- 
 volved in them his own ruin, and would terminate 
 in the utter extinction of his houfe. For, there 
 being a divorce in hi? family, and the legality of it 
 depending upon the Papal authority, the deilruc- 
 tion of Popery would not only take away his title 
 to his earldom and eflates, but his claim and pre- 
 tenfions to the crown. Having wrought upon 
 his fears, the full confequence and power of the 
 Queen Dowager and the Cardinal were difplayed 
 before him ; an offer cf their friendfliip was held out 
 for his acceptance j and he was informed and ad- 
 moniflied, that by entering into their meafures, 
 he would be enabled not merely to annihilate the 
 Earl of Lennox, and to preferve his eftates, titles, 
 and pretenfions, but to obtain the powerful fup- 
 port of France, and the fecure and uncontrolled 
 pofTeflion of the regency. 
 
 The Earl of Arran conquered by the difficulties '^^.'^ '"'^''' 
 
 ^ •' lution and 
 
 of his fituation, was wiUin^ to attend to the advances ^l^'^ "^ . 
 
 ' *=" the Regent. 
 
 of the Queen Dowager and Cardinal Beaton. To 
 
 refufe to confirm the treaties, after he had brought 
 
 Q a them 
 
44 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 EooK I. them to a conclufion, was, however, a flep fo re- 
 IJ43. pugnant to probity, that he could not be prevail- 
 ed upon to adopt it. He, therefore, in a folemn 
 manner, in the abbey church of Holyrood-houfe 
 executed their ratification, fwore to their obfer- 
 vance, and commanded the great feal of Scotland 
 to be appended to them*. The fame day in 
 which he gave validity to the treaties, he went to 
 St Andrews, and iflued a mandate to the Cardi- 
 nal, requiring him to return to the due allegiance 
 of a fubjeft ; and this prelate refufing to pay him 
 any attention, or to move from his caflle, he de- 
 nounced him a rebel, and threatened to compel 
 him to fubmiffion by a military force. But a few 
 days after performing thefe actions, and difcover- 
 ing this {how of juftice and fpirit, he met Cardi- 
 nal Beaton and the Earl of Murray at Calendar ; 
 andjbrfaking Henry VIII. embraced the interefls 
 of the Queen Dowager and France. Nor was this 
 all. He was now in hafte to reconcile himfelf to 
 the church of Rome which he had abandoned. — 
 He, accordingly, renounced publicly at Stirling 
 
 the 
 
 * Rymer, Foedcra, rol. xv. p. 4-- 7. Epift. Reg. Scot. 
 Appendix, No. iii. 3c iv. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 45 
 
 the opinions of the Reformed, and received abfo- Book i. 
 
 ^543. 
 
 lution from the hands of the Cardinal f. 
 
 A conduft, fo difgraced with meanefs and incon- 
 fiflency, expofed the Regent to contempt, and left 
 him in the keeping of his new confidants without 
 efteem and without power. Cardinal Beaton was 
 in reality the firit minifler of State, and the Ear! 
 of Arran had only the name of authority and its 
 odium. The Earl of Lennox, finding himfelf a- 
 bufed by the Queen Dowager and her minifier, 
 was compelled to renounce the views which had 
 brought him from France ; and yielding to his re- 
 fentments, was foon to engage in negociations 
 with Henry VIII. to feize the poft which the Re- 
 gent ought to have maintained, to place himfelf 
 at the head of the Scottifh Lords who were in the 
 Englifli interefl, and to aflert the caufe of the Re- 
 formation. A rupture with England was una- 
 voidable, and the difunion of the nobility gave 
 the promife of civil difcords and hoflility. 
 
 While the Cardinal maintained the chief di- j^^^^^. ^^^^ 
 reftion of affairs, Henry VIII. could not hope ^^f^'^' ^'"' 
 
 for ^"' 
 
 f Sir Ralph Sadler, Letters and Negociations, p. 356, 
 357. Buchanan, Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xv. Spotfwood, p. 74. 
 
46 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. for fuccefs in his views upon Scotland. He, therc- 
 1543- ^ore, not only delayed, upon his part, to ratify 
 the treaties ; but adopting a ftrong meafure, or- 
 dered all the Scottifli lliips in the harbours of 
 England to be taken and confifcated. This vio- 
 lation of a peace, fo lately concluded by his com- 
 miffioners, and upon the faith of which the Scot- 
 tifli merchants had entered his ports, inflamed the 
 national difgufts againft the Englifli alliance ; and 
 no proper apology being made for it by him, the 
 party for the Queen Dowager and the Cardinal 
 obtained an increafe of popularity, and were en- 
 "- couraged to proceed in their oppofition to his in- 
 
 trigues. After committing this outrage, he af- 
 fefted to demand, that the hoflages, in terms of 
 the treaty of marriage, fliould be delivered up to 
 him. But the Cardinal and the Regent inform- 
 ed Sir Ralph Sadler, that from their own autho- 
 rity they could not command any nobles to be 
 committed to him as hoftages ; and, that the of- 
 fenfive flrain of behaviour affumed by the Englifli 
 monarch might have altered the fentiments of the 
 Scottilli parliament with regard to a meafure of 
 fuch importance. Practices of infmcerity and dif- 
 fmiulation took place upon either fide. Sir Ralph 
 Sadler even declared, that he was not certain, whe- 
 ther, upon the delivery of the hollages, the King 
 
 of 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 4/ 
 
 of England would confirm completely the ftlpula- book i. 
 tions of the treaties. He complained of the re- 1543. 
 peated infults which had been offered to his own 
 perfon ; and he called upon all thofe of the nobi- 
 lity who had been prifoners in England to remem- 
 ber their oaths, and to return to London to fur- 
 render themfelves to Henry VIII. The giddinefs 
 and folly of the common people were urged as 
 the caufes of the alFronts. which had been put up- 
 on this ambaffador. And, of the Scottifli nobles, 
 who had been prifoners in England, Gilbert Ken- 
 nedy Earl of Calliiis, being alone faithful to his 
 engagements, prefented himfelf to the King of 
 England ; who, flruck with his punftilious fenti- 
 rcents of honour, loaded him wath gifts, and gave 
 hira his liberty *. 
 
 ' Cardinal Beaton being in the polTeilion of Cardinal 
 
 1 r c • fT^i ^ t Beaton ads 
 
 power, took mealures to lecure it. 1 he folemni- as nuniftcr. 
 ty of the coronation of the young Queen was cele- 
 brated at Stirling. A council was chofen to direft Promo- 
 and aiTift the Regent in the greater affairs of State. 
 The Queen Dowager was at its head j the Cardi- 
 nal, the Archbiiliop of Glafgow, and the Bidiops 
 of Murray, Orkney, Galloway, and Dumblane, 
 
 with 
 
 *LoRD Herbert, ap. Kcnnet, p. 235. Sir Ralph Sad- 
 ler, JLiCtters and riegociations, p. 380—388. 
 
48 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. with the Abbots of Paifley and Cowper, were the 
 1343- ecclefiaftical members ; and the temporal nobility, 
 who, at firft, were appointed to aft in it, were 
 the Earls of Angus, Huntley, Argylc, Murray, 
 Glencairn, Lennox, Bothwel, and Mariftial. But 
 the political views of the Earls of Angus, Glen- 
 cairn, Xennox, and Mariflial, not permitting them 
 to accept of this honour, there were chofen in 
 their place the Lords Fleming, Ruthven, St John, 
 and Sir John Campbel of Calder. John Hamil- 
 ton, the Abbot of Paiiley, who had acquired an 
 afcendency over the Regent, was alfo promoted 
 to the privy feal, and made treafurer of the king- 
 dom ; and Cardinal Beaton, upon the requefl: of 
 the Regent and the three eftates, accepted the of- 
 fice of Lord High Chancellor f. 
 
 The Earl of After the flatteries and the hopes, with which 
 pofts the^' the Earl of Lennox had been amufed, the Cardinal 
 miu' had reafon to dread the utmoft warmth of his rc- 
 fentment. He had therefore written to Francis L 
 giving a detail of the critical fituation of affairs ia 
 Scotland, and intreating him to recal to France 
 the Earl of Lennox, who was now interefted to 
 oppofc the influence and operations of the Queen 
 
 Dowager. 
 
 ■\ Cr.AwruRD, Lircs of the Officers of State, p. 80. 376, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 49 
 
 Dowager. But the lively indignation with which Book i. 
 the treachery of the Cardinal had inflamed the 1543.- 
 Earl of Lennox, precipitated him into immediate 
 aftion, and defeated the intention of this artifice. 
 In the hoflile fituation of his mind towards Scot- 
 land, an opportunity of commencing hoftilities 
 had prefented itfelf. Five fliips had arrived in 
 the Clyde from France, loaded with warlike 
 llores ; and having on board the Patriarch of Ve- 
 nice, Peter Contareni, legate from Paul III. with 
 La Brofle and James Mefnaige, ambaffadors from 
 France ; and thirty thoufand crowns, which were 
 to be employed in flrengthening the French fac- 
 tion, and to be diftributed by the Queen Dowager 
 and the Cardinal. Prevailing with the command-^ 
 ers of thefe vefTels, who conceived him to be the 
 faft friend of their monarch, he fecured this mo- 
 ney for his own ufe, and depofited the military 
 {lores in his caftle of Dunbarton, under the care 
 of George Stirling, the deputy governor, who, 
 at this time, was entirely in his intereils *. 
 
 By the fuccefsful application of this wealth, the Levies an 
 Earl of Lennox called forth the full exertion of marches a- 
 his party in levying a formidable army, with Regent. 
 
 H which 
 
 1, '■,,,■■,, .^ ■ , 
 
 * Lesly, de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb, vol i. p. 152.— ^ 
 5ir Ralph Sadler, Letters and Negociations, p. $^^^ 
 
^O HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Boor T. which he threatened the deftruflion of the Regent 
 "TJXr*^ ^^^ '^h^ Cardinal, offering them battle in the 
 fields between Leith and Edinburgh. The Re- 
 gent, not being in a condition to a,ccept the chal- 
 lenge of his rival, had recourfe to negociation. 
 Cardinal Beaton and the Earl of Huntley propo- 
 fed terms of amity, and exerted themfelves Vvith 
 fo much addrefs, that the Earl of Lennox, lofmg 
 the opportunity of chaftifmg his enemies, confent- 
 cd to an accommodation, and indulged anew the 
 hope of obtaining the Queen Dowager in marriage. 
 His army was difmifled, and he threw himfelf at 
 the feet of his miftrefs. But amidft the fmiles 
 and attention with which he was received by the 
 Queen Dowager and the Cardinal, he found in- 
 fmcerity and danger. Many of his friends were 
 feduced from him under different pretences ; and 
 apprehending his total ruin from fome fecret en- 
 terprize, he fled to Glafgov/, and fortified himfelf 
 in that city. The Regent, collefting an army, 
 marched againft him ; and having defeated his 
 friend the Earl of Glencairn, in a bloody encoun- 
 ter, was able to reduce the place of flrength 
 in which he confided. In this ebb of his fortune, 
 the Earl of Lennox had no hope but from Eng- 
 land. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 51 
 -— - • '~ 
 
 The revolution produced In the political Hate Book i. 
 of Scotland, by the arts of Cardinal Beaton, 1343. 
 while it defeated the intrigues of Henry VTII. prepares to 
 
 n 1 r r 1 petl'ecute 
 
 pointed all its ftrength againit the progrefs of the the Refor- 
 
 . . med. 
 
 Reformation. After abandoning his old friends, 
 the Regent, in connection with the Cardinal, was 
 ambitious to undo all the fervices he had rendered , 
 
 to them. The three eflates annulled the treaties 
 of amity and marriage, and impowered commlf- 
 iioners to conclude an alliance with France *. — - 
 The Regent difcharged the two preachers, Guil- 
 lame and Rough, whom he had invited to im- 
 pugn the do£lrines of the church. He drove 
 back into England many pious perfons, whofe 
 zeal had brought them to Scotland to explain and 
 advance the new opinions. He careffed, with 
 particular refpecl, the legate whom the Pope had 
 fent to difcourage the marriage of the young 
 Queen with the Prince of Wales, and to promife 
 his ailiftance againft the enterprizes of Henry 
 VIII. He procured an aft of Parliament to be 
 paffed for the perfecution of heretics J, andj upon 
 the foundation of this authority, the mofl rigor- 
 ous proceedings were concerted againil the Re- 
 H 2 formed ; 
 
 * Epist. Reg. Scot. Appendix, p. 311. 313. 
 
 X Epist. Reg Scot. Appendix, p. 315. » 
 
52 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 i5ooKi. formed; when the arms of England, roufmg the 
 1543' apprehenfions of the nation, gave the fullefl em- 
 ployment to the Regent and his counfellors *. 
 
 Th'"F"'*i ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ anguifli of aifappointed ambl- 
 
 of Lennox j-Jon, the Earl of Lennox made an offer to alTift 
 
 revolts to ' 
 
 Henryvin, th<2 views of the King of England ; who, treating 
 with him as an ally, engaged, in the event of 
 fuccefs, to give him in marriage his niece, the 
 Lady Margaret Douglas, and to invefl him in the 
 Regency of Scotland. To eftabliili the Reforma- 
 tion in Scotland, to acquire the fuperiority over 
 it to Henry VIII. and to effectuate the marriage 
 of the Prince of Wales with the Queen of Scots, 
 were the great obje£ls of their confederacy. He 
 prevailed with the Earl of Giencairn to be a par- 
 ty to this treaty ; and he infpirited in their rebel- 
 lious principles, the Earls of Angus and CafTiIis, 
 with the other Lords who were in the interefts of 
 the Englifli monarch f. 
 
 An Englifli Henry, though engaged in a war with France, 
 vades Scot- which required all his military force, could not 
 
 land, ^ ^ . . 1 • 
 
 refill the earlieft opportunity in nis power to exe- 
 cute 
 
 * L?SLY, de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb, p. 152. 153. 
 ■j- Rymer, Pa:d?ra, vol. .w. p. 22—26. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 cute his vengeance agaiaft Scotland. Edward Book r. 
 Seymour, Earl of Hartford, was appointed to ~ is'h'^ 
 command ten thoufand men, who were embarked 
 at Tinmouth, aboard a fleet of two hundred 
 jQiips, under the direftion of Sir John Dudley, 
 Lord Lifle. This army was landed without op- 
 pofition, near Leith ; and the Earl of Hartford 
 made it known to Sir Adam Otterburn, the Pro- 
 voil of Edinburgh, that his commilTion impower- 
 ed him to lay the country wafle and defolate, 
 unlefs the Regent fliould deliver up the young 
 Queen to the King of England. It was anfwer- 
 ed, that every extremity of dillrefs would be en- 
 dured, before the Scottifli nation would fubmit 
 to fo ignominious a demand. Six thoufand horfe 
 from Berwick, under the Lord Evers, now joined 
 the Earl of Hartford. Leith and Edinburgh, af- 
 ter a feeble refiflance, yielded to the Englifli 
 commander, who abandoned them to pillage, and 
 then fet fire to them. A cruel devaftatlon enfued 
 in the furroundiqg villages and country, and an. 
 immenfe booty was conveyed on board the Engliih 
 fleet. But, while an extreme terror was every- 
 where excited, the Earl of Hartford reimbarked 
 a part of bis troops, and ordered the remainder 
 to march with expedition to the frontiers of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 The 
 
54 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 isooK I. The Regent, alTided by Cardinal Beaton, and 
 Ji44- the Earls of Huntley, Argyle, Bothwel, and 
 Murray, was active, in the mean time, to coUeft 
 an army, and to provide for the fecurity of the 
 kingdom. He felt, therefore, the greatefl: fur- 
 prife, on being relieved fo unexpectedly from the 
 mofl imminent hazard ; and an expedition, con- 
 du(fled with fo little difcernment, did not advance 
 the meafures of Henry VIII. To accomplifli the 
 marriage of the young Queen with the Prince of 
 Wales, to poffefs himfelf of her perfon, or to at- 
 -chieve a conquefl: over Scotland, were all circum- 
 ftances apparently within the reach of the Englifli 
 commander ; and yet, in the moment of viftory, 
 he neglected to profecute his advantages; and 
 having inflamed the animofities oT the Scottifli 
 nation, by a difplay of the paflions and cruelty of 
 his mafter, left them to recover from their difaf- 
 ter, and to improve in their refources *. 
 
 New mif. The Earl of Lennox, taking the opportunity 
 
 the Earl of of the Euglifli fleet, went to confult with Henry 
 
 VIII. upon the d-efperate fl:ate of his affairs. He 
 
 renewed his engagements with this monarch, and 
 
 received in marriage the Lady Margaret Douglas, 
 
 with 
 
 * Lord Herbert, ap. Kennet, p. 243. Lefly, dc 
 Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb, p, \^^, 1^6. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 55 
 
 with poffelTions in England*. Soon after, he bookl 
 arrived in the Frith of Clyde, with eighteen fliips """TJI^r* 
 and fix hundred foldiers, that he might fecure 
 the caftle of Dunbarton, and employ himfelf in 
 committing fpoil and devaflation. But George 
 Stirling, to whom the caftle was intrufted, dif- 
 daining his treachery to his country, or gain- 
 ed by his enemies, refufed to furrender it, and 
 even obliged him to reirabark his troops. — 
 After engaging in a few petty incurfions and Ikir- 
 millies, he returned to England, to a melancholy 
 and fuccefslefs exile {. 
 
 Upon 
 
 * Rymer, Fcsdera, vol. xv. p. 29. 32. 
 
 :}: It is remarkable, tliat George Stirling of Glorot, the 
 deputy-governor of Dunbarton caftle, had at this time a 
 penfion, during his life, of one hundred marks fterling, from 
 HcHry VIII. Rymer, vol. xv. p. 32. The lands in Eng- 
 land, given by Henry to the Earl of Lennox with the Lady 
 Margaret Douglas, v,'ere of the yearly value of feventeen 
 hundred marks fterling. Id. p. 31. The Earl of Angus 
 had a penfion of lool. a-month. Sadler, Letters and Ne- 
 gociations, p. 178. The Earl of Glencairn had a yearly 
 penfion, during his life, of 250 J. fterling. His fon, Alex- 
 ander Lord Kilmaurs, had an annuity of 125 1. Rymer, 
 vol. XV. p. 47 The Lords Caflilis, Maxwel, and Somer- 
 villc, were alfo in the pay of the Englifli mcnarch. Sadler, 
 
 p. 2JJ, 
 
56 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 sooK !. Upon crolTmg the feas, to carry his arms into 
 France, Henry confented to a truce ; and Scot- 
 land, after having fufFered the miferies of war, 
 was fubjecled to the horrors of perfecutiori. The 
 Regent had procured an aft of Parliament for 
 the perfecution of the Reformed ; and the Car- 
 dinal, to draw to himfelf an additional fplendor 
 and power, had obtained from the Pope the dig- 
 
 1545. nity of legate a latere *. A vifitation of his own 
 diocefe appeared to him the mod proper method 
 of commencing the propofed extirpation of herefy ; 
 and he carried with him in his train, the Regent, 
 and many perfons of diilinftion, to afTift in his 
 judicatories, and to fliare in his difgrace. 
 
 In the town of Perth, a great many per- 
 fons were accufed and condemned. The moft 
 trifling offences were regarded as atrocious crimes, 
 and made the fubjefts of profecution and pu- 
 nifliment. Robert Lamb was hanged, for af- 
 fa-ming that the invocation of faints had no merit 
 
 to 
 
 * Burnet, Hift. of the Reformation in England, vol. ii. 
 p. 292. Colledion of Records, p. 271. A fimple legate 
 was an ambaflador from the Pope, and confined by particular 
 inflruftlons. The legate a latere was always a Cardinal, 
 and, next to the Pope, had the fulleft ecclefiallical autho- 
 rity. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND.- 57 
 
 to fave. William Aiiderfon, James Reynold, and Book i. 
 James Finlayfon, fuffered the fame death, for 15 'J! 
 having abufed an image of St Francis, by putting 
 horns upon his head. James Hunter, having 
 kept their company, was found to be equally 
 guilty, and puniflied in the fame manner. Helen 
 Stirke, having refufed, when in labour, to invoke 
 the affillance of the Virgin, was drowned in a 
 pool of water. Many of the burgelTes of Perth, 
 being fufpected of herefy, were fent into banilh- 
 ment ; and the Lord Ruthven, the Provoft, was, 
 upon the fame account, difmiifed from his of- 
 fice*. 
 
 The Cardinal was flrenuous in perfecutlng he- 1546. 
 refy in other parts of his diocefe. But the dif- and^coT- 
 contents and clamour attending the executions of ofGeMge 
 
 men of inferior ftation were now lofljn the fame 
 of the martyrdom of George Wifliart ; a perfon 
 who, while he was refpe^lable by his birth, was 
 highly eminent from the opinion entertained ot 
 his capacity and endowments. The hiftorians ot 
 the Proteftaat perfuafion have fpoken of this Re- 
 former in terms of the higheil admiration. They 
 extol his learning as extenfive, infill on the ex- 
 I treme 
 
 • BuCHANAS, Hift. I^sr. Scot. lib. X7. Spotfwood, p. 75. 
 
 Wilhart. 
 
58 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 treme candour of his difpofition, and afcribe to 
 him the utmofl purity of morals. But while the 
 ftrain of their panegyric is expofed to fufpicion 
 from its excefs, they have ventured to impute to 
 him the fpirit of prophefy ; and the impartiaUty 
 of hiftory is forced to receive their eulogiums 
 with fome abatement. It may be fufEcient to af- 
 firm, that Mr Wiflaart was the moft eminent 
 preacher who had hitherto appeared in Scotland. 
 He was certainly cultivated by retlcftion and flu- 
 dy, and he was amply poffeffed of thofe abilities 
 and qualifications which awaken and agitate the 
 paffions of the people. His miniftry had been at- 
 tended with the mofl flattering fuccefs ; and his 
 courage to encounter danger, grew with his re- 
 putation. The day before he was apprehended, 
 he faid to John Knox, who attended him, " I am 
 " weary of the world, fmce I perceive that men 
 '' are weary of God.'* He had already recon- 
 ciled himfelf to that terrible death which awaited 
 him. Perhaps, he even wiflied in fecret to lay 
 down his life for his opinions, and looked with 
 anxiety to the crown of martyrdom. He was 
 found in the houfe of Cockburn of Ormifton, in 
 ]£a{l Lothian ; who refufing to deliver him to the 
 Servants of the Regent, the Earl of Bothwel, the 
 v^heriff of the county, rrquired that he fliould be 
 
 entrufted 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLANn. 5^ 
 
 entrufted to his care, and promifed that no injury 
 lliould be done to him. But the authority of the 
 Regent and his counfellors obliged the Earl to 
 furrender his charge *. He was conveyed to the 
 Cardinal's caflle at St Andrews, and his trial was 
 hurried on with precipitation. The Cardinal and 
 the clergy proceeding in it without the concur- 
 rence of the fecular power, adjudged him to be 
 burnt alive. In the circumfliances of his execu- 
 tion there appears a deliberate and moft barba- 
 rous cruelty. When led out to the flake, he was 
 met by priefts, who, mocking his condition, called 
 upon him to pray to the Virgin, that Ihe might 
 intercede with her Son for mercy to him. " For- 
 *' bear to tempt me, my brethren,*' was his mild 
 reply to them. A black coat of linen was put up- 
 on him by one executioner, and bags of powder 
 were faflened to his body by another. Some pie- 
 ces of ordnance were pointed to the place of execu- 
 tion. He fpoke to the fpeftators, entreating them 
 to remember, that he was to die for the true gof- 
 pel of Chrift. Fire was communicated to the fag- 
 gots. From a balcony in a tower of his caflle, 
 which was hung with tapeflry, the Cardinal and 
 the prelates, reclining upon rich cufhionsj beheld 
 1 3 the 
 
 * EfisT. Reg. Scot, Appendix, p. 343, 
 
6o HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. the inhuHian fcene. This infolent triumph, more 
 ij4(i. than all his afflictions, alFefted the magnanimity 
 of the fufFerer. He exclaimed, that the enemy, 
 who, (o proudly folaced himfelf, would perifli in 
 a few days, and be expofed ignominioufly in the 
 place v/hich he now occupied *. 
 
 Cardinal CARDINAL Beaton took a plcafure in receiv- 
 
 Beatonisaf- 
 
 fafiinated. jng the congratulations of the clergy upon a deed 
 which, it was thought, would fill the enemies of 
 the church with terror. But the indignation of 
 the people was more excited than their fears. — 
 All ranks of men were difgufled with an exercife 
 of power which defpifed every boundary of mode- 
 ration and juilice. The prediftion of Mr Wifliart, 
 fuggefted by the general odium which attended the 
 Cardinal, was confidered by the difciples of 
 this martyr as the elfufion of a prophet.— 
 Strengthening their fpirit of revenge by converfa- 
 tion and intercourfe, they entered into a confpiracy 
 to gratify it. Their complaints were attended to by 
 Norman Lefly, the eldefl: fon of the Earl of Ro- 
 thes, whom the Cardinal, in the intoxication of 
 his grandeur, had treated with indignity, though 
 
 he 
 
 * Kmox, p. 53. 69. Spotfvvood; p. 74. 82. Buchanan 
 Hift. Rcr. Scot. lib. xr. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 6l 
 
 he had profited by his fervices. He confented to book i. 
 be their leader. The Cardinal was in his caftle "^7^^ 
 at St Andrews, which he was fortifying after the 
 ftrongefl fafliion of that age. The confpirators 
 at different times, early in the morning entered May 'a?, 
 into it*. The gates were fecured ; and appoint- 
 ing 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 83, obferves that the murderers of Car- 
 dinal Beaton did not exceed twelve perfons in all. Lefly, 
 ap. Jebb, p. 162, will have it that there were no more than 
 nine confpirators; and other authors make them amount to 
 lixteen. In the pubhc archives, however, they are enume- 
 rated and defcribed in the following manner : " Normane 
 Leflie fear of Rothes, Petir Cannichaell of Balmadie, James 
 •• Kirkcaldie of the Grange, William Kirkcaldie his eldeG: 
 ** fonne, David Kirkcaldie his brothir, Jhonne Kirkcaldie;, 
 ** Patrick Kirkcaldie, George Kirkcaldie, brother to the 
 *' faid James Kirkcaldie of the Grange, Thomas Kirkcal- 
 *' die liis fonne, Jhonne Leflie of Parkhiil, Alexander Ing- 
 *' lis, James Maluile elder, Jhonne Maluile, baftard-fon to 
 «* the lardof Raith, Alexander Maluile, David Carmichaell 
 " Gilbert Geddes zounger, Robert Muncrief, brother to 
 *' the lard of Tibbermcllo, William Symfoun, Alexander 
 *' Anderfoun, David Balfour, fonne to the lard of Mon- 
 *' quihanny, Thomas Conyghame, NichoU Hart, Williaoi 
 *' Guthre, Jhonne Sibbald, brother to the lard of Cuik- 
 " ftounc, Peter Carmichaell, Walter Maluile zounger. Sir 
 *' Jhonne Auchinleck chaplane, Nicol Liermounth, Sir 
 <* Jhonne Zoung chaplane, David Kirkcaldie cuik, Niniane 
 *• Cockburne, Jhonne Poll Gunnar, William Orok, Jhonne 
 «* RoUok, and Andro Tanzou." Epift. Reg. Scot. Ap- 
 pendix, p. 34-8. 
 
6± HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION" 
 
 ing a guard, that no intimation of their proceed- 
 ings might go to the Cardinal, they difmiifed from 
 the caflle all his workmen feparately, to theJ 
 number of one hundred, and all his domefliics, who 
 amounted to no fewer than fifty perfons. The 
 eldeft fon of the Earl of Arran, whom he kept as 
 an hoftage for his father's behaviour, was alone 
 detained by them. The aftonilhed prelate, alarms 
 ed with their noife, looked from his window, and 
 was informed that his caflle was taken by Nor- 
 man Lefly. It was in vain that he endeavoured 
 to fecure the door of his chamber by bolts and 
 chefts. The confpirators brought fire, and were . 
 ready to apply it, when admitting them into his 
 prefence he implored their mercy. Two of 
 of them flruck him haftily with their fwords.— ;• 
 But James Melvil, a deliberate villain, rebuking 
 their paffion, told them, that this work and judg- 
 ment of God, though fecret, ought to be done 
 with gravity. He reminded the Cardinal, in ge- 
 neral terms, of the enormity of his fins, and re- 
 proached him in a more particular nianner with 
 the death of Mr Wifliart. He fwore that no hope 
 of his riches, no dread of his power, and no ha- 
 tred to his perfon, were any motives which a(ftuated 
 him ; but that he was moved to acc&mplifli his dc- 
 flrudion, by the obftinacy and zeal manifeiled by 
 
 hun 
 
Book f. 
 
 OF RELIGION IN SCOTLANB. 6^ 
 
 him againfl; Chrifl Jefus and his holy gofpel *. Wait- 
 ing for no anfwer to his harangue, he thruil the ^'"^T^^gT^ 
 Cardinal three times th-rough the body with his 
 dagger. 
 
 The rumour that the caftle was taken, giving 
 ^n alarm to the inhabitants of St Andrews, they 
 came in crowds to gratify their curiofity, and to 
 offer their afliftance, according to the fentiments 
 they entertained. The adherents and dependents 
 of the Cardinal were clamorous to fee him ; and 
 the confpirators, carrying his dead body to the 
 very place from which he had beheld the fufFer- 
 ings of Mr Wifliart, expofed it to their view. — 
 The people, recollecting the prediftion of the mar- 
 tyr, were affected with this incident ; and the fur- 
 prize which it at firft excited, fettled itfelf in a mix- 
 ed affection of melancholy tendernefs and fuperfliti- 
 ous awef. 
 
 The truce, in the mean time, which had been Peace wiw 
 concluded with England, was frequently inter- 
 rupted ; but no memorable battles were fought. 
 Mutual depredations kept alive the hoffile fpirit of 
 
 the 
 
 * Knox, p. 72. 
 
 ^- Buchanan Hift, Rer. Scot, lib.xv. Spotfwood p. S^. 
 
64 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 the two kingdoms ; and while the Regent was 
 making military preparations, which gave the pro- 
 mife of important events, a treaty of peace was 
 finifhed between England and France, in which 
 Francis I. took care to comprehend the Scottifli 
 nation. In this treaty it was ftipulated by Henry, 
 that he was not to wage war againil Scotland, 
 unlefs he Ihould be provoked by new and jull cau- 
 fes of hoftility f. 
 
 Confequen- BuT thc murdcrers of Cardinal Beaton, appre- 
 murder of hcnfivc of their fafety, and unable to paliate their 
 Beaton. execrable 3.0:, had difpatched meflengers into Eng- 
 land, with applications to Henry for afliftance ; 
 and being joined by more than one hundred and 
 twenty of their friends, they took the refolution 
 of keeping the caftle, and of defending themfelvcs. 
 Henry, Notwithflanding his treaty with France, 
 refolved to embrace this opportunity of augment- 
 ing the difturbances of Scotland. His proclama- 
 tions of peace declared only an abllinence from 
 war during his own pleafure. He haflened to 
 colleft troops, and the Regent and his counfellors 
 preffed France for fupplies in men and money, 
 military {lores, and artillery. 
 
 The. 
 
 f Lord Herbert, ap. Kennet, p. 250. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 6^ 
 
 The liidi places which the Cardinal occupied, 
 
 were filled up immediately upon his death. John i /—^J 
 
 Hamilton, Abbot of Paifley, was ele£led Arch- Promotions 
 biihop of St Andrews, and George Earl of Hunt- 
 ley was promoted to be Chancellor. By thefe of- Proceed- 
 ficers the Regent was urged to proceed with vi- the Confpi- 
 
 gour againfi the confpirators ; and it was a mat- 
 ter of the greatefl anxiety to him, to recover his eld- 
 eft fon, whom they detained In cuilody. The cler- 
 gy had, in the mod folemn manner, pronounced 
 them to be acciirfed, and agreed to furnifli, for 
 four motiths, a monthly fubfidy of three thoufand 
 pounds, to defray the expence of reducing them 
 to obedience. The Queen Dowager, and the 
 French faftioh were eager, at the fame time, to 
 concur in avenging the afTalTination of a man to 
 v.'hofe counfels and fer vices they v/ere fo greatly 
 indebted. And, that no dangerous ufe might be 
 made of the eldefl fon of the Earl of Arran, who, 
 after his father, was the heir of the monarchy, 
 an a£l of Parliament was palTed, excluding him 
 from his birthright, while he remained In thepoffef- 
 fion of the enemies of his country, and fubflitu- 
 ting his brothers in his place, according to their fe- 
 niority *. The dark politics of Henry fuggefled 
 K the 
 
 * E?isT. Reg, Scot. /^ppen(Ji.T. p. 343. 353. 350, 
 
 raters. 
 
66 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 = ■ ' Y 
 
 the neceflity of this expedient, and in its meaning 
 and tendency there may be remarked the fpirit and 
 greatnefs of a free people. 
 
 The cafiie A powerfuI army laid liege to the caftle of St 
 «irewsisbe- Andrews, and continued their operations during 
 four months. But no fuccefs attended the aflail- 
 ants. The fortifications were flrong j and a com- 
 munication with the befieged was open by fea to 
 the King of England, who fupplied them with 
 arms and provifions. The garrifon received his 
 pay, and the principal confpirators had penfions 
 from him*. In return for his generofity, they 
 were engaged to promote the marriage of his fon 
 with the young Queen, to advance the Reforma- 
 tion, and to keep in cuflody the eldefl fon of the 
 tuai treaty. Regent. Negociatiou fucceeded to hollility ; and 
 as the Regent expelled afliftance from France, 
 and the confpirators had the profpeft of fupport 
 from an Englifh army, both parties were difpofed 
 to gain time. A treaty was entered into, and 
 
 tranfafted 
 
 * Mr Henry Balnaves, agent at the court of England 
 for the confpirators, received 1 180 1. for one half year's 
 pay to thq garrifon. Nornoan Lefly had a penfion of 280 1. 
 Sir James Kircaldy had 200 I. and fmaller penfions were al- 
 lowed to other perfons. Burnet, Hift. of the Reformation 
 in England, vol. ii. p. 8. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 67 
 
 ■T I I ' l— an— ■ r l ll | ii m i u i.i m -i iijiiiii w i »i»»i«iii« m ■ it«— ^M WII 
 
 tranfafted, in which the Regent engaged to pro- Book i, 
 cure fi-om Rome an abfolution to the confpirators, j^^^ 
 and to obtain to them, from the three eftatcs, an 
 exemption from profecutions of every kind. Up- 
 on the part of the befieged it was flipulated, that 
 when thefe conditions were fulfilled, the caitle 
 fliould be furrendered, and the Regent's fon be 
 delivered up to him. In the mean time, Henry 
 VIIL died, and a few Weeks after, Francis I. paid 1547. 
 his debt to nature. But the former before his ^^"' * ' 
 death, had recommended the profecution of the 
 Scottifli war, and Henry II. the fuccelTor of Fran- 
 cis, was eager to fliew his attention to the ancient 
 •ally of his nation. When the abfolution arrived 
 from Rome, the confpirators refufed to confider 
 it as valid ; and an exprefllon ufed by the Pope, 
 implying an abfurdity, furniflied an apology for 
 their conduct *. They knew that the counfellors 
 of Edward VI. were making vigorous preparations 
 to invade Scotland ; they were confident of their 
 prefent ability to defend tbemfelves ; and the ad- 
 vocates for the Reformation encouraged them with 
 hopgs and with flattery f. 
 
 K 2 When 
 
 ' The words of the bull excepted againft were thefe, « Re- 
 mittimus crimen irremiffibile." 
 t RvMiR, Foedera, vol. 15. p. 131. Spotfwood, p. 84-, 
 
68 HISTORY OF THIZ REFORMATION 
 
 •500K I. When the paflions of men are agitated, they 
 1J47, can find an apology for the worfl: aflions. The 
 tfftants favourers of the Reformation, adopting the into- 
 fandion to lerant maxims of the church, were highly pleafed 
 rators. With the affaffination of Cardinal Beaton ; and 
 many of them ventured to congratulate the confpi- 
 rators upon what was termed their godly deed 
 and enterprize. John Rough, who had former- 
 ly been chaplain to the Regent, entered the caflle, 
 and joined himfelf to them. John Knox follow- 
 ed his example, and rofe at this time to deftinc- 
 tion and eminence. Thefe miniflers, under the 
 protection of the confpirators, preached the re- 
 formed doftrines in the callle and in the town, 
 w^ith greater freedom of language than had been 
 employed on any former occafion. They difputed 
 with the priefts, difcorafited them with arguments, 
 and triumphed over them with a popular and o- 
 verbearing eloquence. Knox was fuccefsful in a 
 mofl particular manner. He convinced the peo- 
 ple, that the church of Rome had departed from 
 the purity of the apoftelic times, in a greater 
 degree than the Jews had degenerated from 
 the ordinances of Mofes, in the period v/hen they 
 confented to the death of Jefus Chrift. He filen- 
 ced every difputant, and confounded all the profef- 
 rprs ofthe univerfity of St Andrews. The peo- 
 ple 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLANO. 69 
 
 pie, pleafed with his bold fpirit, and elated with book i. 
 the fuccefs attending him, were fatisfied that he i^^^. 
 had not only hewn down the branches of Popery, 
 but that he had ftruck a decifive blow at the root ' 
 of the tree itfelf. The clergy, defeated, infulted, 
 and afliamed, fupplicated the help and affiftance 
 of the Regent and his council ; and were afTured, 
 that the laws of the realm fliould be put into full 
 execution againfl: heretics*. 
 
 While the Proteftants were happy in expref- The French 
 
 navy ar- 
 
 iing their contempt and deteftation of Popery, a r've^ before 
 
 St An- 
 
 navy, confiding of fixteen gallies, under the com- drews. 
 mand of Leon Strozzi, arrived from France. — 
 The caftle of St Andrews was iuvelled both by 
 fea and land ; and the French troops were Hiilful 
 in attacking fortified places. Great courage was 
 difplayed by the confpirators, but they could not 
 refill long a fuperior force, direfted by knowledge 
 and addi-efs ; and a plague, or contagious fick- 
 nefs, had broke out in the garrifon, A wide 
 breach being made in its walls, the caftle furren- The cafiie 
 dered to Leon Strozzi, and honourable conditions "^' " ''"' 
 were granted to the confpirators. None of them 
 were to lofe their lives. They were to be tranf- 
 
 ported, 
 
 Epist. Rcr. Scot. Appendi.x, p. 381. Knox, p. 75. 77. 83. 
 
70 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. ported, as prifoners, into France ; and, if their 
 TsAh treatment there did not pleafe them, it was a- 
 greed, that they fliould be conveyed into any 
 other country more agreeable to them, except 
 Scotland, upon the charges of the French King. 
 The fpoil of the callle, which was nobly furnifli- 
 ed, and in which there was treafure belonging to 
 the Cardinal, with the wealth of the befieged, 
 which had been brought to it for fecurity, be- 
 came the prize of the vi£lors, and was lodged in 
 the French (hips. When the prifoners were 
 landed in France, they were ufed with cruelty, 
 from the hatred entertained againfl the Proteft- 
 ants. The articles of the capitulation were dif- 
 regarded. Some of the confpirators were confined 
 in prifons, and others, among whom was John 
 Knox, were fent to work in the gallies. The 
 caftle itfelf, by an order of the Regent and his 
 council, was razed to the ground, upon the pre- 
 text, that the canon law commands the defolation 
 of every place where the blood of a Cardinal has 
 ' been fpilt ; but in reality, that it might not fall 
 
 into the hands of the King of England, and be 
 retained as a houfe of flrength, to prote<^ his 
 partizans *. 
 
 ' To 
 
 * SroTswooD, p. 8S. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 71 
 
 To this blow given to the Proteftants, there Book i. 
 fucceeded the invafion of Scotland by the Earl of j^^^. 
 Hartford, who, in the minority of Edward VI. frmyln- 
 was chofen Proteftor of England, and created [a^J.* "'^ 
 Duke of Somerfet. It was determined in the 
 Englifh cabinet, that the lafl hand fliould be put 
 to the fcheme of Henry VIII. and that, if poflible, 
 an union of the two kingdoms fliould be atchie- 
 red, by the marriage of King Edward and the 
 Queen of Scots. His army amounted to eighteen 
 thoufand combatants ; and , a fleet of flxty fail, 
 the one half of which confifl:ed of fliips of war, 
 and the other of veflels loaded with proviflons 
 and military fl:ores, facilitated his operations. — 
 The Regent was prepared to oppofe him, and 
 had aifembled forty thoufand men. 
 
 The Duke of Somerfet addrefled a letter, or The En?. 
 manifeflio, to the government, in which he pref- maDd'e™'itt- 
 fed the meafure of the marriage, and the infepa- Sgent'^to 
 table connection of the rival ftates. There was conduS 
 nothing, he faid, fo hoftile to the fpirit of Chrifli- rLg^'oTthl 
 anity, as injuflice and war ; peace and quiet were sSts w!fh 
 its objefts ; and, in the prefent cafe, political ^^'''"*^'^^' 
 confiderations concurred with motives of religion.. 
 Nature, by confining the two nations within one 
 iflaud, direfted them to be the fubjedls of one 
 
 empire. 
 
72 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. empire. By mutual hoftilities iliey could only 
 IJ47. hope to weaken each other, and to invite the 
 arms of a foreign enemy. But in their union, 
 and with the prote61ion of the ocean, they had 
 nothing to fear from the mofl powerful kingdoms. 
 No motive of avarice, or envy, or pride, was the 
 fource of the prefent invafion* A fixed defire of 
 acquiring a perpetual peace was its principle. — 
 The marriage of the Queen of Scots with the 
 King of England, offered the mofl effeflual means 
 for confolidating tranquillity, and eftabliiliing hap- 
 pinefs. Former negociations and treaties had ex- 
 plained the full propriety of this marriage. To 
 give the young Queen to another Prince could be 
 attended with no fuch advantages of profit and 
 of honour. The fovereign in her offer was born 
 in the fame ifland, was related to her by blood, 
 and in riches her fuperior. And the two nations, 
 joined already in their territories and dominions, 
 fpokc nearly the fame language, were governed 
 by fimilar laws, and accuflomed to refembling u- 
 fages and manners. A total oblivion of ancient 
 animofities would immediately follow the commu- 
 nication of their fortunes. No rivallhip would 
 prevail. The fear of injury, and the apprehen- 
 fion for its independency, natural to the weaker 
 {late, would torture it no longer, nor compel it 
 
 to 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 73 
 
 to conftant and enfeebling exertions. It would Book i. 
 grow to the fulnefs of its ftrength. It was a great j^^^^ 
 glory to Scotland to be folicited to an equal and 
 liberal alliance with a more powerful people. It 
 would be a glory to it ftill greater, to brighten 
 under the advantages of this new fituation ; and 
 cultivating the arts of refinement and peace, to 
 advance to the higheit point of felicity and fplen- 
 dour which it was capable to attain *. 
 
 It feemed expedient to the Recent, and the hu offers 
 French faction, that the letter or manifefto of the ed. 
 Protestor fliould be fuppreffed. They were a- 
 fraid that the nobility and the people might be 
 pleafed with its moderation, and receive it with 
 too much refpeft ; and they circulated a report^ 
 that the Englifli had come to force away the 
 Queen, and to reduce the kingdom to be a de- 
 pendant province. The Duke of Somerfet per- 
 ceived that the fword was to decide this difpute, 
 and advanced to offer battle to the Scottiili army. 
 He found it ported in a moft advantageous fitua- 
 tion, around the villages of Muflelburgh, Inver- 
 elk, and Monkton. He could not attempt to 
 bring on an action with any hope of fuccefs, and 
 L the 
 
 »■ .,,.', J. — ;— g- 
 
 * Buchanan, Hifl. Rer. Scot. lib. xv. Sir John Hay- 
 ward, Life and Reiga ot Edward VI. ap. Kcnnat, p. 279. 
 
,74 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 2>.'0K I. the Scottifli troops might intercept him from his 
 ^"^r^O^ fleet, which was riding in the bay of Muffelburgh. 
 His provifions were nearly exhaufted, fupplies 
 could not be procured, the Scottifh army was 
 more than double to his, and a retreat prefented 
 10 him every form of danger. He, therefore, 
 addrefling himfelf anew to the Regent, propofed. 
 terms flili more favourable than thofe of his for- 
 mer manifeflo. He declared himfelf ready to re- 
 tire into England, and to make ample compenfa- 
 tion for the injuries committed by his army, if 
 the Scottifh government would promife that the 
 Qu^en fliould not be contrafted to a foreign 
 Prince, but lliould be kept at home till flie was 
 of full age to choofe a hulband to herfelf, with 
 the confent of the nobility. 
 
 The battle This new Overture confirmed the confidence of 
 '"'^^' the Regent, who now accounted himfelf fecure 
 of viflory. The unfeafoned courage of his troops 
 increafed with the opinion, that the enemy were 
 in diftrefs, and under apprehenfions. A few Hdr- 
 miflies, of various fuccefs, were preludes to the 
 general engagement. The Protetflor moved to- 
 wards Pinkcy ; and the Regent, conceiving that 
 he meant to take refuge In his fleet, changed the 
 ftrong ground in which he vras encamped. He 
 
 commanded 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 75 
 
 commanded his army to pafs the river Elk, and book r. 
 to approach the Englilh forces, which were pofl- ^^^, 
 ed on the middle part of Fafide-hill. The Earl 
 of Angus led on the van ; the main body or the 
 battle marched under the Regent ; and the Earl 
 of Huntley commanded in the rear. It was the 
 Regent's intention to feize the top of the hill. — 
 The Lord Grey, to defeat this purpofe, charged 
 the Earl of Angus, at the head of the Eng- 
 lilh cavalry. They were received upon the 
 points of the Scottilli fpears, which were • longer 
 than the lances of the Englifli horfemen, and put 
 to flight. The Earl of Warwick, more fuccefs- 
 ful with his command of infantry, advanced to 
 the attack. The ordnance from the fleet afllfled 
 his operations, and a brifk fire from the Englifli 
 artillery, which was planted on a rifmg-ground, 
 ferved ftill more to intimidate the Scottifli foldiery. 
 The remaining troops, under the Prote£lor, were 
 moving fiowly, and in the beft order, to take a 
 ihare in the engagement. The Earl of Angus 
 was not well fupported by the Regent and the 
 Earl of Huntley. A panic fpread itielf through 
 the Scottifli army. It fled in different ways, pre- 
 fenting afcene of the greateft havock and confu- 
 flon. Few periflied in the fight ; but the chafe 
 continuing in one direction to Edinburgh, and in 
 L 2 another 
 
76 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 IJ47. 
 
 another to Dalkeith, with the utmofl fury, a pro- 
 digious flaughter was made. The lofs of the 
 conquerors did not amount to five hundred men ; 
 but ten thoufand foldiers periihed on the fide of 
 the vanquiflied. A multitude of prifoners were 
 taken, and among thefe the Earl of Huntley, the 
 Lord High Chancellor *. 
 
 The Eng- Amidst the conftemation of this decifive vic- 
 
 liflx Gene- 
 ral negieds tory, the Duke of Somerfet had a full opportu^ 
 
 to profecute 
 
 his vidory. nity of cifeftuatiug the marriage and union pro- 
 jefted by Henry VIII. and on the fubjeft of which 
 fuch fond anxiety was entertained by the Engliili 
 nation. But the cabals of his enemies threatening 
 his deftru6lion at home, he yielded to the neceffi- 
 ties of his private ambition, and marched back 
 into England, He took precautions, however, 
 to fecure an entry into Scotland, both by fea and 
 land. A garrifon of two hundred men was pla-? 
 ced in the ifle of St Columba in the Forth, and 
 two fliips of war were left as a guard to it f. A 
 garrifon was alfo ftationed in the caflle of Brough- 
 
 ^h 
 
 * King Edward's Journal of his own Reign, p. 4. 5. 
 Burnet, vol. ii. p. 33. Sir John Hayward, ap. Kennet, 
 p. 284. 
 
 t Tkuanus, Hjlt. fui temporls, lib. jii, Burott, vol. ii. 
 P-34» 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 n 
 
 ty, which was fituated in the mouth of the Tay. eook r. 
 When he palTed through the Merfe and Tiviot- ^-"^"^'^'^ 
 dale, the leading men of thefe counties repaired 
 to him, and taking an oath of allegiance to King 
 Edward, furrendered their places of ftrength. — 
 Some of thefe he demoliflied, and to others he 
 added new fortifications. Hume caftle was gar- 
 rifoned with two hundred men, and entrufted to 
 Sir Edward Dudley ; and he pofted three hundred 
 foldiers, with two hundred pioneers, in the caftle 
 of Roxburgh, under the command of Sir Ralph 
 Buhner *. 
 
 The Regent, prelTed to extremity, turned his Scotland 
 eyes towards France, from which alone fuccours p^J'';", 
 could be expected. MelTengers were difpatched 
 to inform Henry II. of the difaftrous condition of 
 his ally, and to intreat his afliftance. The pride 
 of the nobility increafmg with misfortune, urged 
 them to continue the war, and to maintain the 
 rights of the nation againfl the attempts of an 
 ambitious and haughty enemy. Though the Re- 
 gent had an<:ed permiiTion from the Proteftor to 
 treat of peace, he yet avoided to fend commiffion- 
 crs to Berwick, where the Earl of Warwick was 
 
 appointed 
 
 * Collection of Records in Burnet, vol. ii. No. xI.-~ 
 Spotfwood, p. 89. 
 
 cs to 
 continue 
 the war. 
 
1547- 
 
 yS HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 DooK I. appointed to wait for them. The young Queen 
 was lodged, for fafety, in the caille of Dunbar- 
 ton, under the care of the Lords Erlkine and Li- 
 vingftone ; and the whole nation, roufed by the 
 greatnefs of its danger, thought of nothing but 
 to chaflife its enemies, and to recover its ho- 
 nour *. 
 
 1548. It was not Ion? before hoftihties were renew- 
 
 April 18. ^ 
 
 An Engiifh ed on the part of England. The Lord Grey, 
 
 army enters ^ _ •' 
 
 Scotland, who was appointed to the Lieutenancy of the 
 North, conducted troops into Scotland, fortified 
 Haddington, as a ftation from which he might 
 annoy the whole kingdom, carried the caftles of 
 Teller and Dalkeith, and committed devaftations 
 in the Merfe, and in the counties of Eaft and 
 Mid Lothian. The Regent, w^ho, from the un- 
 fkiifulnefs of the Scots engineers, could not re- 
 take the caillc of Broughty, did not think of lay- 
 ing fiege to Haddington till the arrival of the 
 French forces. The impatience with which he 
 Jane. expected them was foon gratified. Monfieur de 
 DelTe, a General of reputation, landed at Leith, 
 "with fix thoufand foldicrs, and a formidable train 
 of artillery. It \ras inflantly refolved to invefl: 
 
 Haddington ; 
 
 * Lbsly, de Rtb. Gcft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 168. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLANB. 79 
 
 Haddington ; and eight hundred Scottifli horle Book l 
 
 were o 
 
 liaries 
 
 were ordered to co-operate with the French auxi- ^^^ 
 ^ 1548. 
 
 Mean while, confukations were held upon the The Queen 
 flate of public affairs. The defeat at Pinkey had becomes 
 
 1 7 r V - 1 T-k ambitious 
 
 thrown a load or dilgrace upon the Regent ; and of power. 
 
 The young 
 
 the Queen Dowager being difpofed to fuperfede Qu< ' 
 
 ueeii 15 
 fent to 
 
 his authority, improved this circumflance to his Fiance. 
 difadvantage. Her mind had begun to open it- 
 felf to the ambition of governing Scotland with- 
 out a rival. Her inclination directed her to the 
 firmed union with France ; and her interefl and 
 {lability could befl be fupported by that kingdom. 
 When fuccours had been lad requefled from 
 Henry 11. an infinuation was given, that the Dau- 
 phin might obtain the young Queen in marriage. 
 A parliament being affembled near Hr.ddington, July 7 
 this fubjeft was again confidered. The nation, 
 incenfed againd the obdinate and pcrfevering ho- 
 dilities of England, and grateful for the repeated 
 fervices of France, was defirous of a meafure 
 which flattered its prejudices. The alliance with 
 England had iod many partizans ; and all perfons 
 , were difguded with the rude courtfliip which it 
 
 had 
 
 * Beaugue, Hiftory of the Champagnes, 1548 and 
 1549, p. 5. 
 
8o HISTORY OF THE REFOPvMATlON 
 
 Book I. had ofFercd to the young Queen. To fend Mary 
 j^^2. immediately to France, would remove, it was 
 faid, the caufe of the prefent flruggles and con- 
 tentions ; and her fubfequent marriage with the 
 Dauphin would fecure the fulleft confidence, and 
 the warmefi; attachment of the French govern- 
 ment. Money aided the operation of argument. 
 Prefents to a great value were diftributed among 
 the Scottifli nobility. The Regent himfelf was 
 corrupted by a penfion of twelve thoufand livres, 
 and the title of Duke of Chatellerault in France. 
 Monfieur de Villegagnon, who commanded four 
 French gallies lying in the harbour of Leith, ma- 
 king a feint as if he intended to proceed inftantly 
 for France, tacked about to the north in the open 
 fea, and failing round the ifles, till he reached 
 Dunbarton, received there the young Queen, 
 with her attendants ; and then conveying her to 
 France, delivered her to her uncles, the Princes 
 of Lorraine *. 
 
 Military 0- The fiegc of Haddington proceeded flowly, 
 
 pvauon.. ^^^ ^^^^^ condufted with vigour and gallantry. — 
 
 The French and the Scottiili troops vied in dif- 
 
 playing 
 
 * Buchanan, Hifl. Rer. Scot. lib. xv. Lefly, de Reb. 
 Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 169, 170. JBUck A6ls, p. 145, 
 Spotfwood, p. 90. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND* 8l 
 
 playing a determined courage, and in enduring 
 fatigue and hardfliips. In the beiiaviour of the 
 'befieged there was no lefs magnanimity and va- 
 lour. To reinforce the garrifon, fifteen hundred 
 horfe advanced from Berwick ; but an ambufcade 
 being laid for them, they were intercepted, and 
 almofl totally deftroyed*. Another body of Eng- 
 lifli troops, however, which amounted only to 
 three hundred perfons, was more fuccefsful. E- 
 luding the vigilance of the Scots and the French, 
 they were able to enter Haddington, and to fup- 
 ply the befieged with ammunition and provifions. 
 The Lord Seymour, High Admiral of England, 
 made a defcent upon Fife with twelve hundred 
 men, and fome pieces of artillery, but was driven 
 back to his fliips with great flaughter, by James 
 Stuart, natural brother to the young Queen, who 
 oppofed him at the head of the militia of the 
 county. A fecond defcent was made by him at 
 Montrofe ; but being equally unfuccefsful there, 
 he was obliged to leave Scotland without perform- 
 ing any important or memorable atchievementf. 
 
 M Having- 
 
 * King Edward's Journal, p. 5. Sir John Hayward, 
 ap. Kennet, p. 291. 
 
 f BURHET, YoK ii. p. 83. 
 
§2 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 iiiii I • •■' • ■ I ■ ,:,'•■■■% 
 
 EooK I. ^ Having collected an army of feventeen thou- 
 fand men, and adding to it three thoufand Ger- 
 man Proteftants, the Proteftor put it under the 
 dire£lion of the Earl of Shrewfbury. Upon the 
 approach of the Enghfli, DelTe, though he had 
 been reinforced with fifteen thoufand Scots, 
 thought it prudent to retreat, and not to hazard 
 a decifive battle. He raifed the fiege of Hadding- 
 ton, and marched to Edinburgh. The Earl of 
 Shrewfbury negle^led to attack him during his re- 
 treat, and did not follow him to force an engage- 
 ment ; and in both cafes he has been cenfured as 
 deficient in addrefs, for jealoufies had arifen be- 
 tween the Scots and the French. The infolence 
 and vanity of the latter, encouraged by their fu- 
 perior Ikill in military arts, had offended the quick 
 and impatient fpirit of the former. The fretful- 
 nefs of the Scots was augmented by the calami- 
 ties inleparable from war ; and after the convey- 
 ance of the young Queen to France, the efficaci- 
 ous and peculiar advantage conferred upon that 
 kingdom by this tranfaftion was fully underflood, 
 and appeared to them to be highly difgraceful and 
 impolitic. In this flate of their humour DefTe 
 found not at Edinburgh the reception he expelled. 
 The quartering of his foldiers produced difputes, 
 
 which 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 83 
 
 which ended in an infurreftion of the inhabi- 
 tants. The French yielding to their impetuofity, 
 fired among the citizens. Several perfons of dif- 
 tinftion fell, and among thefe were the provofl of. 
 Edinburgh and his fon. The national difcontents 
 and inquietudes were driven, by this event, to 
 the moft dangerous extremity ; and Deffe, who 
 was a man of ability, thought of giving employ- 
 ment to his troops, and of flattering the peoplQ 
 by the fplendour of fome martial exploit * 
 
 The Earl of Shrewfbury, after fupplying Had^ New ope- 
 
 . rations o§ 
 
 dington with troops, provifions, and military war. 
 (lores, retired with his army into England. Its 
 garrifon, in the enjoyment of fecurity, and unfuf- 
 picious of danger, might be furprifed and over- 
 powered. Marching in the night, DefTe reached 
 this important poft, and deflroying a fort of ob- 
 fervation, prepared to ftorm the main gates of 
 the city, when the garrifon took the alarm. A 
 French deferter pointing a double cannon to the 
 thickell ranks of the allailants, the Ihot was incre- 
 dibly deftruftive, and threw them into confufion. 
 In the height of their conllemation, a vigorous 
 M 1 fally 
 
 * Beaugue, Hift. of the Campagncs 1548 and 1549, p. ^"i, 
 Lefly, de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb, p. 172. 
 
$4 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 fally was made by the befieged. Deffe, repulfed 
 but not difpirited, renewed the affault in the morn- 
 ing, and was again difcomfited. He now turned 
 his arms againfl Broughty caftle, and, though un- 
 able to reduce it, he yet recovered the neighbour- 
 ing town of Dundee, which had fallen into the 
 poffeffionof the enemy. Hume caftle was retaken 
 by ftratagem. Deffe entered Jedburgh, and put its 
 garrifon to the fword. Encouraged by this fuc- 
 cefs, he ravaged the Englilh borders in different 
 incurfions, and obtained feveral petty victories. — 
 Leith, which from a fmall village had grown into 
 a town, was fortified by him ; and the iiland of 
 Inchkeith, which is nearly oppofite to that har- 
 bour, being occupied by Englifti troops, he un^ 
 dertook to expel them, and made them prifoners, 
 after a briik encounter *, 
 
 His aftivity and valour could not, however, 
 compofe the difcontents of the Scottifli nation ; 
 and the Queen Dowager having written to Hen- 
 ry II. to recal him, he was fucceeded in his com- 
 inand by Monfieur de Thermes, who was accom- 
 panied into Scotland by MonlucBiihop of Valence, 
 
 * HiNG Edwarp's Journal, p. 6. Lefly de Reb. Geft. 
 Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 174, 175. Beangue, Hift. of the Cam- 
 yagT3C6 Ji;48 and 1549, p. 69. 71. 73. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 8^ 
 
 a perfon highly efteemed for his addrefs and abili- 
 ty. This ecclefiaftic was defigned to fupply the 
 lofs of Cardinal Beaton, and to difcharge the .of- 
 fice of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. But 
 the jealoufics of the nation encreafmg, and the 
 Queen Dowager herfelf fufpeding his ambition 
 and turbulence, he attained not this dignity, and 
 ibon returned to his own country*. 
 
 De Thermes brought with him from France 1549. 
 a reinforcement of one thoufand foot, two hun- tion of hL 
 
 dred horfe, and a hundred men at arms. He e- 
 refted a fort at Aberlady, to diflrefs the garrifon 
 of Haddington, and to intercept its fupplies of 
 proYifion. At Coldingham he deflroyed a troop 
 of Spaniards in the Englifli pay. Fafl-caftle was 
 regained by furprife, Diflraftions, mean while, 
 in the Englifli court, did not permit the Proteftor 
 to aft vigoroufly in the war. The Earl of War- 
 wick was diverted from marching an army into 
 Scotland. An infeftious diftemper broke out in 
 the garrifon at Haddington ; and an apprehenfion 
 prevailed, that it could not hold out for any length 
 of time againil the Scots. The Earl of Rutland, 
 therefore, with a body of troops, entered the 
 
 town 
 
 * Thuanus, Kid, fui temporis, lib. v. 
 
 ftilitics. 
 
86 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 town, and after fetting foe to it, conduced the 
 garrifon and artillery to Berwick. The Regent, 
 in the pofTeflion of Haddington, was folicitous to 
 recover the other places which were yet in the 
 power of the Englifli. De Thermes laid fiege to 
 Broughty caflle, and took it. He laid fiege to 
 Lawder ; and the garrifon was about to furren- 
 der at difcretion, when the news arrived, that a 
 peace was concluded in the plains of Picardy, be- 
 tween France, England, and Scotland*, 
 
 Ptacebc- The King of France availing himfelf of the 
 Frrnce, Scottifti waT, and the doraeftic difturbances of 
 fnd Scot- England, had taken arms to recover Boulogne 
 and the territory which had been wrefhed from 
 his crown by Henry VIII. Many places yield- 
 ed to him ; and the Protestor Somerfet was 
 in no condition to flop his progrefs. Charles 
 V. declined to afTiil England upon the pretence, 
 that it maintained no longer any connexion 
 with the church of Rome. The Queen of 
 Scots being removed into France, there was no 
 fubjeft for farther hoflility with the Scottilh na- 
 tion. The Exchequer of England was exhauft- 
 
 ed; 
 
 ^*Lesly, de Reb, Geft, Scot. ap. Jebb. p. J78, 179. 
 
 land 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 8^ 
 
 ed ; the Proteclor was infinitely diflrefied to fup- Eoof. :. 
 port the authority he had ufurped ; and the *'^4<;, 
 Earl of Warwick, who defeated him by his intri- 
 gues, and rofe to power upon his fall, being pref- 
 fed with the difficulties of his own fituation, was 
 fufficiently eager to engage in a negociation with 
 France and Scotland. The articles of the peace 1550. 
 were foon fettled. Henry II. obtained the refci- 
 tution of Boulogne and its dependencies for the 
 fum of four hundred thoufand crowns. A free 
 trade was opened between France, England, and 
 Scotland. No oppofition was to be given to the 
 marriage of the Dauphin with the Queen of Scots. 
 The fortrefTes of Lawder and Dunglas were to be 
 reflored to Scotland ; and the Englilli were to de- 
 mohfli the caftles of Roxburgh and Ayemouth*. 
 
 After the ratification of this treaty upon the part Th<: Qo«r. 
 
 of Scotland by Thomas Lord Erikine, who was wXe?to 
 
 fent to England for that purpofe, the Queen Regincy,'^ 
 
 Dowager prepared to make a vifit to the French Franf e" '° 
 
 court. She embarked at Leith with Leon Stroz- September, 
 zi, who commanded a flout fquadron of French 
 fliips. Many of the nobility attended her, and 
 gave a fplendour to her equipage and retinue.-— 
 
 To 
 
 * Rymer, Foedsra, vol. xv. p. 211. 217. 
 
88 HISTORY Of THE REFORMATION 
 
 To the King of France flie opened her defign of 
 obtaining the government of Scotland. The fer- 
 vices file had rendered to his kingdom, her hofli- 
 lity to England, and the influence of her brothers, 
 the Princes of Lorraine, were all arguments in 
 her favour ; and Henry was fenfible that by pro- 
 moting her viev/s he would confult the befl inte- 
 refls of France. The people of Scotland, howe- 
 ver, having of late imbibed a pafTionate jealoufy 
 of the French, the utmofl delicacy and art v/ere 
 necefTary to accomplifh this projeft. To remove 
 the Regent by a ftrong a£l: of power might not 
 only endanger the prefent elevation of the Queen 
 Dowager, but fix a perpetual bai* to obftruft it in 
 any future period. To win him to an abdication 
 of his high office was difficult, but not impoffible. 
 Intrigues to effectuate this important purpofe were 
 entered into ; and to their fuccefs the Regent him- 
 felf contributed in a confiderable degree, by enga- 
 ging in tranfaftions which gave the killmg wound 
 to his popularity. 
 
 Therencw. THOUGH the arrogaucc of the French foldiery 
 
 Jlrfccmi. had difgufled the Scots, and the impatience of 
 
 **"*' temper common to the two nations had widened 
 
 the breach, yet the chief caufe of the jealoufies 
 
 which animated the people of Scotland is to be 
 
 traced 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 traced to motives of religion. The firm hold Boox r. 
 which the Proteftant doiftrines had taken of their ^^^^^ 
 affeftions, communicated to them a horror of Po- 
 pery ; and they juftly confidered the French as 
 warmly interefted to maintain the ancient fuper- 
 flitions of the church. Nor did the Regent re- 
 move their fufpicions. The peace was hardly pro- 
 claimed, when he provoked the public refentment 
 by an action of fanguinary infolence. During the 
 continuance of the war a relaxation of the eccle- 
 fiailical difcipline had prevailed. While an un- 
 certain contefl was maintained with a Proteftant 
 Prince, maxims of felfiflmefs and prudence did not 
 allow the clergy to be intolerant. The Reform- 
 ation having therefore extended itfelf, and the 
 preachers of the new doctrines having exerted a 
 fuccefsful aftivity to controvert the tenets of Po- 
 pery, the Regent, and his brother, the Archbi- 
 ihop of St Andrews, now thought it expedient to 
 employ in their defence the lad extremity of pow- 
 er. Adam Wallace, a man of fimple manners, 
 but of great zeal for the Reformation, was accu- 
 fed of herefy, and brought to trial in the church 
 of the Black Friars at Edinburgh. In the pre- 
 fence of the Regent, the Earls of Angus, Hunt- 
 ley, Glencairn, and other perfons of diftinftion 
 and rank, he was charged with preaching with- 
 N eut 
 
yO HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. QUt any authority of law, v/ith baptizing one of 
 j^^o^ his own children, and with denying the doftrinc 
 of purgatory ; and it was ftrenuoufly objefted to 
 liim, that he accounted prayers to the faints and 
 the dead to be an ufelefs fuperflition ; that he had 
 pronounced the mafs to be an idolatrous fervice ; 
 mid that he had affirmed that the bread and wine 
 in the facrament of the altar, after the words of 
 confecration, do not change their nature, but 
 continue to be bread and wine. Thefe offences 
 were efteeraed too terrible to admit of any pardon. 
 The Earl of Glencairn, alone, protefled againd 
 his puniilmient. The pious fufferer bore with re- 
 lignation the contumelious infults of the clergy ; 
 and by his courage and patience at the flake, 
 gave a fan6i:ion to the opinions he had embraced *. 
 
 Tiie tyran- Other aftions of atrocity and violence jflained 
 Resent.'^ the adminiftration of the Regent. In his own pa^ 
 lace, William Chrichton, a man of family and 
 reputation, was aflallinated by the Lord Semple. 
 No attempt was made to punilh the murderer. — 
 His daughter was the concubine of the Archbi- 
 ihop of St Andrev/s, and her tears and intreaties 
 were more powerful than jufticc John Melvil, a 
 
 perfon 
 
 ' V ' "** 
 
 * Knox, p. 69. Spotfwood, p. 00. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 9i 
 
 perfon refpe£lable by his birth and his fortune. Book l 
 had written to an Englilli gentleman, recommending ^^^^^ 
 to his care a friend, who at that time was a cap- 
 tive in England. This letter contained no impro- 
 per information in matters of (late, and no fufpi- 
 cion of any crime againll Melvil could be inferred 
 from it. Yet the Regent brought him to trial 
 upon a charge of high treafon ; and, for an ad 
 of humanity and friendftiip, he was condemned to 
 lofe his head. A tranfaftion followed this out- 
 rage, which, by pointing to its caufe, places it 
 in a light the moft bafe and criminal. The efla.te 
 of Melvil, forfeited to his family, was given to 
 David, the youngeft fon of the Regent *. Such 
 ftretches of pov/er went home to every man's feel- 
 ings and underftanding. 
 
 Amidst the pleafures and amufements of the intrigues to 
 
 undermine 
 
 French court, the Queen Dowager was not mat- ths Regent. 
 tentive to the fcheme of ambition which llie had 
 projefted. All the alTiflance in the power of 
 Henry II. was at her command. The Earls of 
 Huntley and Sutherland, Mariflial and CafTilis, 
 with the Lord Maxwel, and other perfons of emi^ 
 nence, v/ho had accompanied her to France, were 
 N 2 gained 
 
 "^ Buchanan, Hill. R«r. Scot, lib, xv* 
 
g2 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book I. gained over to her iiiterefls. Robert Carnegie 
 J. ^2^ ofKinnaird, David Panter, Bifliop of Rols, and 
 Gavin Hamilton, commehdator of Kilwinning, be- 
 ing alfo at this time in that kingdom, and having 
 the greateft weight with the Regent, were treated 
 with a mofl: pmi6tilious refpe£l:. Henry declared 
 to them his carn^fl wifli that the Queen Dowager 
 might attain the government of Scotland. In 
 cafe the Regent fliould confent to this meafure, 
 he expreffed a firm intention, that no detriment 
 iliould happen to his confequence and affairs ; 
 and he defircd them to inform him, that he had 
 already confirmed his title of Duke of Chatelle- 
 rank, had advanced his fon to be captain of the 
 Scots gendarmes in France, and was ready to ten- 
 der other marks of favour to his family and rela- 
 tions. Upon this bufmefs, and with this meffage, 
 Mr Carnegie was difpatched to Scotland. A few 
 days after, he was followed by the Bifliop of 
 Rofs, who, being a man of eloquence and autho- 
 rity, was able, though with great difficulty, to 
 perfuade the Regent to a refignation of his high 
 office ; and for this fervice he obtained, as a recom- 
 pence, an abbey in Poitou. The Queen Dowager, 
 full of hopes, prepared to return to Scotland *. 
 
 The 
 
 * Lesly, (Ic Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. J^-bb, p. 182. Bu- 
 chanan, Hid. Rer. Scot, lib xvi. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 93 
 
 The Regent, in the mean time, continued to Eook r, 
 oppofe the progrefs of the Reformation. An aft j^^j, 
 of parliament was paffed for holding the fubjefts caUffSrs! 
 of Scotland in the true and catholic faith, by for- 
 feiting to the crown the moveable goods of all 
 perfons v/ho, being accurfed or excommunicated, 
 fliould delay to reconcile themfelves to the holy 
 church t- A provincial fynod was alfo celebra- 
 ted by the Archbiiliop of St Andrews, which had 
 in view the promotion of the ecclefiaflical difci- 
 pline. It confirmed fome canons which had been 
 formerly enabled, to remove the two great fources 
 of the Reformation, the profane lewdnefs of the 
 eftabUilied clergy, and theit grofs ignorance of all 
 learning and fcience. It framed new regulations 
 to enforce the fame ends, and it commanded the 
 publication of a catechifni, which had been dra.wn 
 lip for the advantage and inftruclion of the prieil- 
 hood *. 
 
 In 
 
 f Black Acts, p. 147. 
 
 * In a work like the prefent, which is confined to a par- 
 ticular nation, and meant to be purely hiftorical, it is fiiffi- 
 clent to have alluded in general terms to the great and origi- 
 nal caufcs of the Reformation f . Thsy are chiefly to he 
 
 traced 
 
 J Ses the iotroduclory paragraphs to this volume. 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 1551 
 Novcm. 2 
 
 Stotland. 
 
 i?coK I. In her wiiy to Scotland, the Queen Dowager 
 made ufe of a fafe condU(5); * obtained from Ed- 
 qieen Ward VI. by Henry II. and landed at Portfmouth. 
 S°mnf to K^^ reception and entertainment were fplendid 
 and noble f. The young King had not yet for- 
 got 
 
 traced in the corruptions of the Romifli church with regard 
 to theology, to ecclefiaftical form?, and to the manners of 
 the clergy Upon this fubjeft there are excellent obfcrva- 
 tions in the writings of Father Paul, Mr Hume, and other 
 authors of eminence ; but I believe it has not been treated, 
 with high ability, in any regular and complete performance. 
 Such a publication, however, could not fail of being inftruc- 
 tive and entertaining in the higheft degree. With refpeCt to 
 that depravity of manners in the Romifli priefthood, which 
 gave fo much cfT'.nce to the Scottifli Reformers, there are 
 •very ftrong and remarkable defcriptions in old books ; and 
 tx few extracts from them may be acceptable to the enquiring 
 reader. 
 
 ** Jam facerdotes & clerici omnem Dei metum poftpo- 
 '* ncntes, ut mimi ut fcurrones vivunt, & fcurrilia loquun- 
 ^' tur : ea quse increpant vitia loquuntur, & a fe removeri 
 *' lion finunt. Concubinas in pluribus locis non verentur 
 *' palam fecum fovere in doniibus, ut fpurcitiam fsminent; 
 «' ne fruvSlus eorum marefcant : de quibus poiius gloriantur 
 ** quam erubcfcunt : inebnantur, male loquuntur, cum tef- 
 *' feris ludunt : vix autcm unquam ftatuta jejunia Ecclefia* 
 *• jejunant, juramenta violant, privLlegiis clericorum fs tuen- 
 
 " tur, 
 
 * RvMER, FosJera, vol. xv. p. 264. 
 
 f King Edward's Journid, p. 38, 391. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 95 
 
 got her beautiful daughter, and did not fail to Bo >k t. 
 urge his fuperiority of claim to her over the Dau- 
 phin. All the advantages of her intended marri- 
 age, the force of his early love, and its cruel dif- 
 appointment, were fet before her. Avoiding to 
 enter feriouily upon this topic, ilie hinted a difap- 
 probation of the violence of the Duke of Somer- 
 fet, and exprelTed a regret, that the Queen of 
 Scots had been courted by arms and v/ar, inflead 
 
 of 
 
 " tur, non ad virtutes exercendas fed ut llberius abfcue 
 " metu vitia continuent, & mala malis accumulent : convi- 
 *' via quotidiana diligunt, bibuiit ad vomitus, pugnant, i-ix- 
 ** antur, ftultilcgia fantur, mentiuntur, indabiles, nullutn 
 *' bonum propofitum habentes : indevote, corrupte, & male 
 *' orant : imo miilti nihil orant : inconfefll celebrant, prx- 
 *' cipue multi Phaiifei : confefTa produnr, julle viventes 0- 
 *' diunt, & verbis ac fa6tis quantum poflurit perfequuntur : 
 *« devotos contemnunt & derident, juftis obloquuntur, vi- 
 ** duas & pupillos cum citationibus & banno lasdunt : inter- 
 *• diftis eorum parochias confundunt, & pauperes cum eifdcni 
 ** opprlraunt : cum incautis contendunt, ut eis maledicatur. 
 *' Unde occafionem citandi & tribulandi fumunt & exercent. 
 *« Emunt & vendunt veiut mercatores temporalia & fpiritu- 
 " alia : licet circumlocutionibus firnoniam cooperiri inten- 
 *' dunt. Simoniace beneficia & facros ordines pofiident, cc 
 <' f-jfcipiunt feu affequuntur." Hernianr.i Ryd ds K.eca 
 Traflatus de Vita & Honeftate Clericorum. 
 
 «* Infuper luxuriofiffimi funt omnes, fornicatoves, aduheil, 
 «' inceftuofi, omni genere gulofitatis fua^me gulofi, & ut 
 
 •' breviter 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 IF . 
 
 Book I. of carelles and tendernefs. T\yo days after hold- 
 j ing this converfation, llie left London, and pro- 
 
 ceeded to the borders of Scotland. By the Earl 
 of Bothwel, the Lord Hume, and other nobles, 
 flie was received near Berwick, and conduced to 
 Edinburgh, amidft the acclamations of the people, 
 who every where teftilied the utmoll fatisfaflioii 
 for her return *. 
 
 THEi 
 
 *' brevlter tranfeatur omnl gencre flagltii, facinoris, abomi- 
 •' nationis & novx in his adinventionis, fecundum dictum 
 *' prophetse, coinquinati : Deo & curiae coelcili fumme abo- 
 *' minabiles & odibiles efFedl ; quia per ipfos nomen Del in 
 ** omnibus gentibus blafphematur." Sermo R. Groflcteft 
 Epifc. Lincoln. 
 
 ** Concubinatus In clero tarn publice & folemrilter, & 
 *' mcretriccs illic tarn pretlofe vcftiuntur & tantum hono- 
 ** rantur, quafi fic vivere unique fcxui non lit vitiofum vel 
 " inhoneftum, fed honoiabile & gloriofum. Ita ut curtefani 
 *' fic vivere confueti, etiam alias partes inficlant, Sc inducant 
 ♦' in eas etiam eandem peftiferam confuetudineni, Sc potius 
 *• corruptelam. Vix eft aliquls tam fcderatus aut fcandalo- 
 " fus, qui ad celebrandum divinum officium non admittatur. 
 " Vix til aliquis tam fceleratus & mifcr cui facri ordincs 
 ** denegcntur." Matthseus de Cracovia de SquaroJlbua 
 Romanae Curiae. See Append, ad. Fafciculum Rerum expe- 
 tendarum & fuglendarum, p. 142. 252. 585. 
 
 * Sir John Hayward, p. 324. LeHy, de Rcb. Gell. 
 Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 183. 
 
OF RELIGION IH SCOTLAND, 97 
 
 The Queen Dowager, who was naturally aiFa- book i. 
 ble and infmuating, was difpofed^ at thi^ period, i^^^. 
 to be more than ufually attentive in her demean- hoi^afj'iff-"^ 
 our. And the Regent having projefted a judicial and "haraf- 
 circuit through the kingdom, an opportunity was pie.* ^^'^ 
 afforded to her of exercifmg all her arts of allure- 
 ment and addrefs. The pretence of this circuit 
 was, the reprelTion of diforders, and the punifli- 
 ment of crimes. But the Regent, mifguided by 
 his brother, and covering bad purpofes with ho° 
 nourable names, prefumed to molefl the people 
 by plunder and rapine. The innocent and the 
 guilty were fubje^ted alike to his rapacity. Great 
 fines were levied for pretended as well as real 
 offences ; and the Proteflants, in particular^ 
 feemed in an uncommon degree to draw his re* 
 mark and fe verity. In this progrefs he was ac^ 
 companied by the Queen Dowager, who was in- 
 defatigable in paying a ftudied and flattering 
 civility to the nobles and principal men in the 
 different counties through which they paffed. It 
 was impoffible riot to contrail their behaviour. 
 His tyranny, giddinefs, and injuftice, excited con- 
 tempt and abhorrence. Her high rank and 
 beauty, her accomplilliments and courtefy, won 
 to her the mofl general confidence and affection f, 
 
 O It 
 
 tt ■ ■ — • ' ' ..——..-J 
 
 * Lesly, ad Reg. Scot. Geft. ap. Jebb, p. i8j. 
 
98 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Took I. It was HOW time to remind the Regent of his 
 ^"^"J^^ engagements to the Queen Dowager ; a.nd the 
 Srign^hit Bifliop of Rofs, to whom they had been made, 
 h,gh office, j^j^ ^j^j^^ J.Q ^.j^^jj. execution. But the poiTcfTion 
 
 of power was too bewitching to be abandoned 
 without a pang. The Regent was now flruck 
 with all its charms, and yvondered at the pre- 
 pofterous promife he had given. The conditions 
 held out to him for parting with authority, which 
 he himfelf had approved of as advantageous and 
 alluring, appeared to be trifling confiderations, 
 tvhen compared with the grandeur which he was 
 to lofe. The courage and magnanimity with 
 which fuperior fpirits pafs from greatnefs and a 
 public ftation, to retirement and a private life^ 
 were no parts of his character. He wiflied anxi- 
 oufly to forego his engagements, and to continue 
 in the Regency. His brother, the Archbifliop, 
 "who had been dangeroufly ill of a dropfy when 
 he was enticed to confent to the refignation of his 
 honours, fortified him in his defign to maintain 
 them. He aflured him of the full fupport of the 
 clergy ; and the Regent thought of upholding 
 his importance by intrigues and policy. But his 
 importance had already forfaken him, and his po- 
 pularity was utterly decayed. The young Queen 
 had chofen the King of France, the Duke of 
 
 Guif^, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 99 
 
 Guile, and the Cardinal of Lorraine, to be her book r. 
 curators. Thefe curators devolved all their au- ^-^V^ 
 thority upon the Queen Dowager. The nobility 
 had joined themfelves to her faction. The peo- 
 ple, infulted and fatigued with his government, 
 delired her elevation, as the greatefl advantage 
 that could befal them. His irrefolute and feeble 
 mind paffed from obftinacy to terror. It was 
 fuggefted to him, that a parliamentary inquiry 
 might be made into the errors of his adminiftra- 
 tion. He looked around him, and could fee no- 
 thing but hoftility and danger. Haunted with 
 apprehenfions, and folicitous to fecure the condi- 
 tions once in his power, he went to Stirling to 
 the Queen Dowager, and, in a folemn manner, 
 exprelTed his willingnefs to execute the refignation 
 of his office. She profelTed the utmofl readinefs 
 to enter into an accommodation and agreement. 
 It was ftipulated, that he fliould fucceed to the i he Queen 
 crown upon the death of the Queen without if- obSThe 
 
 fue ; that his fon fliould continue in the command 
 of the gendarmes ; that no inquiry fliould be 
 made into his expenditure of the royal treafures ; 
 that no account fliould be taken of his govern- 
 ment ; and that he fliould enjoy, in the amplefl: 
 manner, his duchy and penfion. A parliament 
 was aflembled, and thefe articles AVere ratified. — 
 O z The 
 
 Regency. 
 
rOO HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book t. The royal crown, the fword, and the fceptre, be- 
 1553- ^"g furrendered by the Regent, were deUvered 
 to the Queen Dowager, by the authority of the 
 three eflates, and by the mandate of the young 
 Queen, with the confcnt of her curators, the 
 King of France, the Duke of Guife, and the Car- 
 dinal of Lorraine. With all this anxiety and ar- 
 tifice, the Queen Dowager advanced herfeif tq 
 dominion, and inquietude, and cares. 
 
 THE 
 
V I 'i. .- ' ■ III ... 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 REFORMATION OF RELIGION 
 
 IN 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 BOOK 11. "" " 
 
 M 
 
 ARY of Lorraine, the Queen Dowager, book ii. 
 did not preferve long the popular affec- ^-'^v^^ 
 tion which had facilitated her advancement to the P^ ^"" 
 
 Regent en- 
 
 Regency. Her attachments to France were open *^" "p°" . 
 and avowed. To her brothers, the Duke of ^"^'0"- 
 Guife and the Cardinal of Lorraine, flie was ob- 
 fequious beyond all meafure of propriety. To 
 Monfieur D'Qyfel the ambaffador from the King 
 of France, whom they entreated her to regard as 
 an able and a faithful minifter, (he paid too fcru- 
 pulous an attention. Her moderation of temper, 
 and her prudence, fitted her admirably for go- 
 vernment; 
 
I02 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 - ' ■ - ■-'-- ■■= — , ■ ■ — .. w 
 
 Book 11. vemmeiit ; and even her inJifFerence on the fub- 
 ^^!^ ject of religion might, in a political view, be e- 
 fteemed a virtue in times of controverfy and dif- 
 putation. But, ruling by councils not her own, 
 flie expofed her character to fufpicion, and multi- 
 plied the difficulties and the enormities of her ad- 
 miniftration. 
 
 tions^ 
 
 proBiD- The firfl action which {he performed was not 
 
 merely impolitic, but even wildly imprudent. — 
 Difregarding the Scottifli ftatefmen, fhe filled fe- 
 veral offices of diflin^lion with French gentlemen. 
 One Vilmort was made Comptroller of the Royal 
 Revenues ; Rubay was appointed Keeper of the 
 Great Seal, and Vice-Chancellor ^ and Bonot was 
 promoted to the government of the Orkneys, a 
 place of high profit *. The nobility of Scotland 
 bore this contempt of their prder with an indig- 
 nant aftoniffiment and filence. But the flame, 
 though fuppreffied, could not be extinguifhed. It 
 was to burft forth vvith the c[reater violence. 
 
 Advancfs The Reformation had hitherto flouriffied under 
 
 of the Re- 
 
 fprmation. hardffiips. But a bignefs of danger fcemed now 
 
 to 
 
 * Thuanus, Hill, fui Temp. lib. xvii. Lefly, dc Reb. 
 Gefl. Scot, ap, Jehb. p. 189. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 1^3 
 
 to threaten its deflruftlon. The Queen Regent Book u. 
 was a Papifl ; and the death of Edward VI. ha- ^^J^^ 
 ving opened the fucceiTion of England to Queen 
 Mary, that furious bigot had already reflored the 
 Roman Catholic fuperflitions. Thefe circum- 
 ftances, however, fo terrible in appearance, were 
 produdive of advantages to the Reformed. — 
 They were admoniflied to unanimity and watch- 
 fulnefs ; and many Englifh Protellants, dreading 
 the rage of perfecution, took refuge in Scotland. 
 Among thefe there v/cre feveral preachers, who, 
 abounding in the learning, and ikilled in the con- 
 troverfies of the times, were fuccefsful in promo* 
 ting the do£lrines of the Reformation, and in 
 cementing the union of the Reformed. The 
 Proteftants, confcious of their ftrength, began to 
 confider themfelves as a body, and to look out 
 for a leader. They were too numerous and too 
 determined to be oppofed without danger ; and 
 their importance did not efcape the penetrating 
 eyes of the nobles. 
 
 By the removal of the Earl of Arran from state of ths 
 power, the church had declined in its ftrength. 
 For, the Archbiihop of St Andrews, difgufled 
 with the difgrace of his brother, had taken the 
 line of oppofition to the Queen Regent. She 
 
 puniilied 
 
104 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 ^ S 
 
 ■ ■ L — ■ ta 
 
 Book II. puniflicd hiiii with neglect, and by degrading him 
 
 ^^■^^y^*^ from the office of Lord Hiffh Treafurer, which 
 J554. ^ ' 
 
 ihe conferred upon the Earl of Caffilis *. He 
 
 was thus inflamed flili more in his animofity ; and 
 
 being polTeffed of addrefs and capacity, he was 
 
 able to carry the clergy into his views. 
 
 r5';5- After promoting her foreign counfellors, the 
 Regent e- Queen Regent aifembled a parliament, and appli- 
 
 rafts bene- 
 
 ficiai laws, ed herfelf to advance the internal tranquillity or 
 
 and attends 
 
 to the exe- her kingdom. Accuftomed to the maxims and 
 
 cution of 
 
 juftjce. the policy of a more cultivated Itate, they ex- 
 plained to her the advantages of legiflation, and 
 inculcated the llrift enforcement of juilice. Ma- 
 ny laws of high moment were enafted by her f ; 
 and while flie made a progrefs herfelf through the 
 fouthern provinces of the kingdom, to hold judi- 
 ciary courts, llie endeavoured to introduce order 
 and law into the wellern countries and ifles j firfl, 
 by the Earl of Huntley, and afterwards by the 
 Earls of Argyle and Athole, to whom Ihe grant- 
 ed commiflions for this purpofe, with efFe(5lual 
 powers |. 
 
 In 
 
 * Crawfurd, Officers of State, p. 382. 
 
 f Black Acts. 
 
 tLtsty, de Reb. Gcft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. J90, 19X. 
 
6f religion in SCOTLAND. t05 
 
 In another improvement, v/hich the Queen eook it. 
 Regent attempted by the advice of her French ^^^^^ 
 council, the manners and genius of the nation ^.^^y'lf"^ 
 were not fuificiently confulted. There are pre- P''°J'''^^'^- 
 tautions and inftitutions of great utility in them- 
 felves, which do not fuit particular conditions of 
 fociety, and which politicians and flatefmen cannot 
 eflabiiili with propriety or fuccefs, till circum- 
 ftances and time have pointed out and illuftrated 
 their expediency. Though a {landing army had 
 been long familiar to the French, there could be 
 nothing fo imprafticable as its introduftion at this 
 time into Scotland, which was governed by the 
 free and peculiar maxims of the feudal law *. — 
 Yet the C)iieen Regent was induced to venture 
 the experiment. It was propofed that the poffef- 
 {ions of every proprietor of land in the kingdom 
 (liould be valued and entered into regifters ; and 
 that a proportional payment fliould be made by 
 each. The application of this fund was to main- 
 tain a regular and ftanding body of foldiers. — ■ 
 This guai-d or army, it was urged, being at all 
 times in readinefs to march againft an enemy, 
 would protect efFeftually the frontiers ; and there 
 P -%Yonld 
 
 * Observations concerning the Public Law and ihr. 
 •ConR-itinional Hiftorj' of Scotland, chap. v. 
 
Io6 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. would no longer be any iiecefTity for the nobles 
 ^""P'^ to be continually in motion on every rumour of 
 hoftility or incurfion from Englifli invaders. No 
 art, however, or argument, could recommend 
 thefe meafures. A perpetual tax and a Handing 
 army were conceived to be the genuine charafter- 
 iilics of defpotifra. All ranks of men confidered 
 themfelves to be infulted and abufed ; and three 
 hundred tenants of the crown aflembling at Edin- 
 burgh, and giving way to their indignation, fent 
 their remonflrances to the Queen Regent in a 
 flrong and expreflive language* 
 
 Remon- They informed her, that their anceflors had 
 
 gainfi it. been able not only to proteft Scotland, but to 
 acquire renown by carrying their arms into Eng- 
 land. They were not degenerated from their an- 
 ceflors ; and England was now lefs powerful. — > 
 No neceflity exifted for a humiliating taxation, 
 and for bands of mercenaries. The hves and e- 
 ftates of all the landed proprietors of the nation 
 were at its call. Soldiers, allured with pay, had 
 no fentiment of honour. It was a wild infatua- 
 tion to confide in them in preference to men who 
 fought for every thing that was mofl dear to 
 them, their country, their reputation, their fami- 
 lies, their fortunes. Money was a feeble tie of 
 
 duty. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 10/ 
 
 duty, and the fervice it bought was cold and Ian- Book n. 
 guid. And, if mercenaries, when they atchieved , 
 
 their beft, were ineiFeftual and without zeal as a 
 defence and a barrier, it ought to be remem- 
 bered that this defence or this barrier, weak as it 
 was, could not be relied upon as certain and fe- 
 cure. A higher bribe could compafs its treache- 
 ry ; and the Kings of England knew how to apply 
 their treafures. In confenting to the elevation of 
 the Queen Regent, they had exprefled the good 
 opinion they entertained of her ; but whatever 
 confidence they might repofe in the reftitude of 
 her intentions, they were not fure that this tax, 
 and this army, for which fhe was fo anxious, 
 would not be abufed by their own Princes. — 
 From fuch innovations the mofl deftruftive cala- 
 mities might proceed. They refpefted their con- 
 ftitution as facred ; and in its {lability they ac- 
 knowledged a decifive proof of the wifdom with 
 which it had been framed. They could not, 
 therefore, fubmit to any mockery of its forms, 
 and were not difpofed to furrender any of their 
 natural or political rights. If the fundamental 
 principles of their compact and union were inva- 
 ded, they would yield to the duties which they 
 owed to themfelves and to poflerity ; and draw- 
 ing their fwords, would employ them to uphold 
 P 2 that 
 
HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 ijooK H. that venerable fabric, which had been built and 
 j^^6, ceRiented by the valour and the blood of their an- 
 ceftors *. 
 
 These vigorous remonftrances had a proper 
 efFeft upon the C)ueen Regent, But though ihe 
 abandoned this dangerous projeft, the attempt 
 flie had made left a melancholy impreffion in the 
 minds of the people. They fufpefted her to be a 
 fecret enemy to their government and liberties ; 
 and they were convinced that Henry II. was en- 
 gaging her in refinements and artifices, that he 
 might reduce Scotland to be a province of France. 
 
 The Pro. While an alarm about theii- civil rights was 
 cover a for- fbrcadinsf itfelf among the people, the Protellants 
 
 billable ^ ^ o r r J 
 
 ipirit. were rifing daily in their fpirit and in their hopes. 
 
 John Knox '=' ^ ^ '^ 
 
 diainguifli- John Knox f, whofe courage had been confirmed 
 
 «ri himfelf, 
 
 by misfortunes, and whofe talents had improved 
 by exercife, was at this time making a progrefr. 
 through Scotland. The charaderiftic peculiari- 
 ties pf Popery were the favourite topics of hiii 
 declamation and cenfui-e. Tie treated the mafj. 
 
 * BucHAiiAN, Jiift. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
 -| When he was feiit to Fraace with the confpirators a- 
 gainfl Cardinal Beaton, he was confined to the gallies ; bii^ 
 had obtained his iibeity in uie latter end of the year 1549- 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. Jog 
 
 ia particular, with the mod fovercign contempt, Book h. 
 reprefenting it as a remnant of idolatry. The ^"-""'^^ 
 utmofl abhorrence of it was extended every where 
 by his fermons and converfation. The exemplary 
 carriage of the man, his zeal, his fmcerity, his 
 boldnefs, attrafted the curiofity of all, and fixed 
 the refpe»5l and admiration of the pious. Many 
 of the nobility and gentry aftorded hira counte- 
 aance and protection. They invited him to 
 preach at then: houfes, and they partook with 
 him in the ordinances of religion, after the Re- 
 formed method. Religious focieties and aflern- 
 blies were held publicly, in defiance of the church ; 
 and celebrated preachers were courted with affi- 
 duity and bribes, to refide and officiate in parti- 
 cular diflri£ls and towns *. 
 
 The clergy, who beheld the conduci of Mr 
 Knox wuth a concern mixed with furprize, cited 
 bun to appear before them at Edinburgh, in the 
 church of the Black-friars. He did not neglect May ij, 
 theur citation ; and, upon the appointed day, pre- 
 lented himfelf, with a numerous attendance of 
 gentlemen, who were determined to exert them- 
 Iblves in his behalf. The prieflhood did not 
 
 chufe 
 
 * Knox, p. 99, ico. 
 
ilO HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 BOOK ir. chufe to proceed in his profecution ; and Mr 
 J g Knox, encouraged by this fymptom of their fear, 
 took the refolution to explain and inculcate his 
 do£lrines repeatedly and openly, in the capital city 
 of Scotland. Immenfe crowds aflembling to be 
 edified by his knowledge and example, augmented 
 his zeal and their awn. 
 
 It was at this period that the Earl of Glen- 
 cairn allured the Earl Mariflial to hear the exhor- 
 tations of this celebrated preacher ; and they were 
 fo much affefted with his reafonings and rhetoric, 
 tliat they requefled him to addrefs the Queen 
 Regent upon the fubje61: of the Reformation of 
 Religion. He complied with a defire fo flattering 
 to him, in a letter to herfelf, exprefled in terms 
 more forcible than pleafmg ; and the Earl of 
 Glencairn delivered it with his own hand, in the 
 expectation that fome advantage might in this 
 manner be obtained for the Reformed. But the 
 Queen Regent w^as no lefs offended with the free- 
 dom of the nobleman than the preacher ; and, 
 after perufmg the paper, (he gave it to James 
 Beaton, Archbifliop of Glafgow, with an ex^ 
 prefTion of difdain, " Here, my Lord, is a paf- 
 «' quil." 
 
 Amidst 
 
or RELIGION IN SCOTLANO, 111 
 
 Amidst thefe occupations, Mr Knox received Book h. 
 an invitation to take the charge of the Englifli ,^^6. 
 congregation at Geneva, which he accepted. His 
 departure from Scotland, however, though it plea- 
 fed the clergy, did not extinguilh their refentment. 
 With a daftardly fpirit, they called upon him, in 
 his abfence, to appear before them, condemned 
 him to death as a heretic, and ordered him to be 
 burned in efEgy *. 
 
 Though many fymptoms prognoflicated a di- The Qneca 
 
 , -. Regent is 
 
 feltrous and turbulent government to the Queen defirous of 
 
 a war witit 
 
 Regent, flie difcovered little anxiety to fecure the England, 
 affeftions of the people. War having been de- 
 clared between France and Spain, Mary Queea of 
 England was preparing to fend forces into Flan- 
 ders, to affift her hufband Philip II. The King, 
 of France expefted, upon this occafion, the aid of 
 Scotland ; and the Queen Regent alTembling a 
 parliament in the monaftery of Newbottle, defired 
 the concurrence of the three eftates to a declara- 
 tion of hoftilities againft England. But amidft 
 the jealoufies entertained of the French, and in 
 the abfence of all urgent motives for war, her re- 
 quefl was received with difguft. She defifled 
 
 not, 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 94. Buchanan, Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book If. not, howcvcr, ffom her purpofc ; and v/hat her 
 
 ijj6. 
 
 influence could not gain, llie attempted to effeftu- 
 ate by artifice. By the advice of her French 
 Gounfellors, llie ordered Monfieur D'Oyfel to re- 
 build the fortifications at Ayemouth, which had 
 been difinaDtled in confequence of the late treaty 
 of peace with England. The Englifli garrifon at 
 Berwick, to prevent this biifmefs, and to chaftife 
 this perfidioufnefs, made an inroad into Scotland. 
 The Scottiili nobles were offended, and what 
 their wifdom had refufed to the Queen Regent, 
 was granted by their paffions. A herald was 
 fent to denounce war againfl the Queen of Eng- 
 land ; and a proclamation was iffued for collefl- 
 ing a great body of troops. Several fuccefsful 
 incurfions into the Englifli borders were made by 
 the Earl of Huntley, and a formidable army ad- 
 vanced to Kelfo under the Earl of Arran. While 
 the indignation, hovv^ever, of the nobility was 
 dying away, Monfieur D'Oyfel, without orders 
 from the General, but with the connivance of the 
 Queen Regent, paffed the Tweed with the French 
 ordnance and troops, and laid fiege to Werk 
 caillc. This impetuofity, which was meant to 
 haften the movements of the Scottifh nobles, pro- 
 duced the oppofite elfeft. They confidered it a^ 
 A ilretch of unpardonabk infoknce j and new fuel 
 
 beinc; 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. tl3 
 
 being added to their jealoufies, they infifted to Book ii. 
 treat this ofEcer as an enemy to their nation. In i^^^. 
 hiarching to the frontier, and in difcovering their 
 l-eadinefs to defend their country againfl invaders, 
 they had done what they conceived to be their 
 duty. But, without knowing fully the views of 
 the C)ueen Regent, and the caufes of the war, 
 they did not chufe to carry their arms into Eng- 
 land, and could conceive no controlling neceffity 
 for a ftep fo important and fo hazardous. The 
 Queen Regent was glad to recal MonfieurD'Oy- 
 fel with difgrace ; and being ftruck with fliame 
 for her want of confequence, flie diibanded an 
 army, which could not be engaged in any effec- 
 tual fervice to the French King *, 
 
 Tfie Injurious treatment of Mi* Knox neither 1557. 
 obftrufted the ambition nor the rivalflaip of the the Reioi- 
 other preachers. William Harlaw and John Wil- 
 locks, Paul Methven and John Douglas, upheld 
 the zeal and the courage of the Proteftants.— 
 They kept their councils and conventions with 
 regularity and firmnefs. Defertions were made 
 from Popery in every town and village ; and e- 
 ven many members of the church, both fecular 
 (^ and 
 
 *-■ ■ '■■ -. . ,■. ■ 
 
 f Pere Daniel, Hiftoire de France, tome y. p. 599. 
 
114 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. and FCgular, were forward to embrace the prin- 
 ^^^^tT ciples of the Reformation, and to atone for their 
 pafl miflakes, by the bitterefl railleries againfl the 
 corruptions and the folly of the R-omlfli faith.— 
 The ardour of the populace broke out in adls of 
 outrage and violence. The priefls were treated 
 in all places with an indecent ridicule and con- 
 tempt. The images, crucifixes, and reliques, 
 "which ferved to rouze the decaying fervours of 
 fuperflition, were ftolen from the churches, and 
 trampled under foot. The bifhops, provoked 
 and vindiftive, but afraid to indulge in perfecu- 
 tions, called aloud to the Queen Regent to punifh 
 the preachers, for aflembling the people in illegal 
 conventions, and for afts of mutiny and fedition. 
 Citations were given to the preachers to appear 
 in their defence. They obeyed the order of the 
 Queen Regent, but with fuch a formidable reti- 
 nue, that it was with difficulty flie was permitted 
 to apologize for her conduft. James Chalmers 
 of Gaitgirth, preffing forward from the crowd, 
 addrelTed himfelf to her ; " We vow to God, 
 " that the devices of the prelates (hall not be 
 " carried into execution. We are oppreffed to 
 *' maintain them in their idlenefs. They feek to 
 *' undo and murder our preachers and us j and 
 \« we are determined to fubrait no longer to this 
 
 " wickednefs." 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. II5 
 
 " wickednefs." The aflembled multitude ap- Book ir. 
 plauding his fpeech, put their hands to their dag- ^^^^ 
 
 gers *. 
 
 In the feeblenefs of the government, and in Leaders o£ 
 
 eminence 
 
 their own growing power, the Proteflants found take the di- 
 an encouragement to attempt a legal eflablifliment the Protef- 
 of the Reformation. The Earl of Glencairn, the 
 Lord Lorn, John Erlkine of Dun, and James 
 Stuart, Prior of St Andrews, offered themfelves 
 to be the leaders of the faithful. The condu£t 
 of the Proteflants was foon to become lefs irregu- 
 lar and defultory. Policy and addriefs were join- 
 ed to zeal and argument ; and already the foun- 
 dations were laid of great events. 
 
 That the leaders of the faithful might be able They invite 
 
 John Knox 
 
 to acquire the fullell confidence of the people, to return to 
 
 ^ r r ^ Scotland. 
 
 and aft with the greateft weight and authority, 
 it was neceffary that they fhould pofTefs and com- 
 mand the afTiflance and efforts of fome diflinguifh- 
 ed preacher. John Knox was pofTefled of all the 
 qualifications which they could defire in an affifl- 
 ant of this kind ; and, difpatching a trully mef- 
 fenger to Geneva, they had invited him to return 
 
 0^2 to 
 
 * Spotswood; p. 95. Buchanan, Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xvL 
 
lip HISTORY OF TilE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. to liis own country. But, in the infancy of their 
 ^^^y^"^ conneclion, being apprehenfive of one another, 
 being uncertain in their councils, or being defert- 
 ed by perfons upon whom they had rehed, it ap- 
 peared to them that they had adopted this mea- 
 fure without a due preparation ; and by oppofitp 
 difpatches, Mr Knox was requefted to delay his 
 journey for fome time. 
 
 To this zealous Reformer their unfteadinefs 
 was a matter of ferious affliction ; and in the an- 
 fwer he tranfmitted to their letters, he rebuked 
 them with feverity ; but amidfl the correction he 
 beftowed, he negleCled not to employ topics of 
 blandifliment and hope. He entreated them not 
 to faint under their purpofes, from apprehenfions 
 of danger. This, he faid, was to feperate thera- 
 felves from the favour of God, and to provoke 
 his vengeance. The enterprize they had imder- 
 taken was the greatefl in which they could pofli- 
 bly be engaged. Their country was in a m.ifera-. 
 ble ftate of oppreflion, the bodies and the fouls 
 of the people being holden in bondage. The 
 Reformation of Religion, and of public wrongs, 
 was a general concern, and not the exclufive bufi- 
 nefs of potentates and clergymen. In the caufe 
 which they had embraced, they ought to be fer-. 
 
 vent 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. II7 
 
 yent and flrenuous. The Almighty, fpeaking to book it. 
 their confciences, called upon them to hazard ^j!?**^ 
 their lives for the deliverance of their nation. — 
 Were they to prefer their worldly reft to the glo- 
 ry of God? or the friendfliip of the wicked to 
 the falvation of their brethren ? They ought to 
 yield without referve to the greatnefs of the mo- 
 tives which animated them ; and while they were 
 to receive honour, and tribute, and homage upon 
 earth, they might expeft eternal joy and comfort 
 in the heavens *o 
 
 covenant^ 
 
 His impatient and fangulne temper was fully The fird 
 gratified in the fuccefs of his exhortation. He 
 had written other addreffes. to particular perfons 5 
 and to all of them the greateft attention was paid. 
 The favourable opportunity of profecuting their 
 fchemes was feized by the leaders of the Protefl- 
 ants. A formal bond of agreement, which ob- 
 tained the appellation of The Firji Covenant^ was 
 entered into, and all the more eminent perfons 
 who favoured the Reformation were invited to 
 fubfcribe it. The Earls of Argyle, Glencairn, 
 and Morton, with the Lord Lorn, and John Er- 
 ikine of Dun, led the way, by giving it the fanc- 
 
 tion 
 
 * Knox, p. 107. 110. 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book h. tion of their names. All the fubfcribers to this 
 jjj-7. deed, renouncing the fuperftitions and idolatry of 
 the church of Rome, promifed to apply continu- 
 ally their whole power and wealth, and even to 
 give up their lives, to forward and eftablifh the 
 word of God. They diftinguiflied the Reformed, 
 by calling them the Congregation of Chrlfl ; and 
 by the opprobrious title of the Congregation of 
 Satan, they peculiarized the favourers of Pope- 
 ry *. 
 
 Th.; Queen In the mean while, the Queen Regent, confci- 
 
 Regent ur- ^" 
 
 geathe ous of her precarious authority, was eager to 
 
 marriage of 
 
 the Queen haftcn the marriage of her daughter with the 
 
 of Scots 
 
 with the Dauphin. She fondly imagined, that the invefti- 
 
 pauphin. 
 
 ture of the crown of Scotland in the fon of the 
 King of France, would advance rapidly her inte- 
 refts, bind the two nations in a cordial union, and 
 enable her to conduft her adminiflration with a 
 power and vigour which the Reformers could not 
 hope to refill with fuccefs, any more than the 
 Houfe of Hamilton. To Henry II. flie had writ- 
 ten in a preffing flrain upon this fubjecl ; and 
 though the Queen's marriage met with fome op- 
 pofition in the court of France, the Princes of 
 Lorraine triumphed over every difficulty. The 
 
 French 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. II. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. II^ 
 
 French monarch prefented, by his ambaffador, a book ir. 
 letter to the three ellates of Scotland, expreffing ^'"^^'y^ 
 his fatisfaftion in the approaching marriage of his 
 fon with the Queen of Scots, and requefling that 
 proper perfons of rank and confideration fhould 
 be deputed to Paris, to be prefent at the folemni- 
 ty, and to afliil in managing the articles and con- 
 ventions of the alliance. Deputies, accordingly, Commif- 
 
 • rr 1 r ' i« fioners are 
 
 or commillioners, were choien m parhament to appointed 
 reprefent the nation, or the three ellates of the this bua- " 
 kingdom. Thefe were, James Beaton Archbi- 
 ihop of Glafgow, David Panter Biihop of Rofs, 
 and Robert Reid Bifhop of Orkney ; George 
 Leily Earl of Rothes, and Gilbert Kennedy Earl 
 of Caffilis ; James Lord Fleming, and George 
 Lord Seton ; James Stuart Prior of St Andrews, 
 and John Erikine of Dun. A commiffion to 
 thefe deputies, and to Antonia de Bourbon, Du- 
 chefs of Guife, to aft in the intended marriage, 
 was alfo given by the Queen of Scots herfelf. — 
 And, upon the part of the Queen Regent, a 
 power was granted to the Duchefs of Guife to ap- 
 pear for her, and to exprefs her approbation and 
 concurrence *. 
 
 The 
 
 * Lesly, de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jfbb, p. 197, 198. — 
 Keith, Append, p. 12. 18. 19. Danie!, Hift. ds Fracc?» 
 tome y. p. 600. 
 
12b HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 £ooK If. The inftruftions to the Scottifh deputies have 
 
 ftnStions ^^<^6^ J^^o"^ t^^ parliamentary edift in approbation 
 of their conduft *. They were enjoined to ob- 
 tain, from the Queen of Scots, decifive deeds iii 
 ratification of the ftatute or ordinance, in confe- 
 quence of which her Majefty was fent into France. 
 One inflrument, or charter, to this purpofe, to 
 which her curators were to be parties, was to be 
 granted before her marriage ; and another deed 
 of ratification was to be given after her marriage, 
 with the confcnt of the King of France, and the 
 Dauphin her hufband. Other inflruments were 
 to be executed, in which the King of France, the 
 Queen of Scots, and the Dauphin, were to give 
 fecurity to the promifes which had been made to 
 the Earl of Arran, and to exprefs their determi- 
 nation to fiipport his right to the Scottilli crown. 
 The Queen Regent was to receive from the Queen 
 of Scots, and the Dauphin, a commifiioh of Re- 
 gency, to be in force while they continued to be 
 abfent from Scotland. And a charter from the 
 Queen of Scots and the Dauphin was to exprefs 
 their folemn and deliberate refolution, to obferve 
 and fuftain, in the amplefh manner, the indepen- 
 dency, 
 
 -♦- "" » -■ ■ ■ ■ ■' ' .1 =^5=ss=a 
 
 * Keith, Append, p. 13, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 121 
 
 dency, the laws, and the hberties of the bcottilh ^°°^ "• 
 nation. 155S. 
 
 All this anxious attention in the JDarhament The perfi- 
 dious nia- 
 of Scotland, v/hlie it is expreffive of fagacity and nagement 
 
 , of the courc 
 
 wiidom, betrays a violent fufpicion of the views of France. 
 and policy of France. But to the orders given 
 to the Scottilli commiiTioners no objections were 
 made. The whole articles and inllruflions were 
 executed in every point, with a minute and cere- 
 monious exadlnefs. Under this appearance, how- 
 ever, of refped and candour, there was concealed 
 a deteftable perfidioufnefs. The King of France, 
 and the Princes of Lorraine, enjoyed in an unli- 
 mited degree the confidence of the Queen of 
 Scots, who, upon account of her early youth, 
 could poffefs little knowledge or experience in af- 
 fairs. Abuling this confidence, and infulting the 
 dignity of the kingdom of Scotland, they engaged 
 her privately to put her name to three extraordi- 
 nary deeds, or inftruments. By the firll, llie 
 conveyed her kingdom, in a frep gift, to the 
 King of France and his heirs, in the default of 
 (Children of her own body. By the fecond, flie 
 afiigned to him, if {lie Ihould die without child- 
 ren, the pofieffion of Scotland, till he fliould re- 
 ceive a million of pieces of gold, or be amply 
 R ' repaid 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. repaid for the funis expended by him in her edu- 
 ^^]^ cation and entertainment while in France. And 
 by the third, flie confirmed both thefe grants, in 
 an exprefifive declaration, that they contained the 
 pure and genuine fentimcnts of her mind ; and 
 that any papers which might be obtained from 
 her before or after her marriage, by the defires 
 and the arts of the Scottifh parliament, fnould be 
 invalid, and of no power or efficacy *. 
 
 April 24' Amidst thefe tranfaftions, the marria?e of the 
 
 I he mam- ' ° 
 
 age of the Dauohin with the Queen of Scots was celebrated 
 
 <v>ueen of * ^ 
 
 •\" D^"'^ with uncommon pomp. By die contraft of raar- 
 phin. riage, he was permitted to aflume the title of 
 
 King' of Scotland f ; and, immediately after the 
 nuptial ceremony was performed, the Scottifh 
 commiflioners, in the name of the three eflates, 
 took the oath of fidelity to him. But the court 
 of France being unfatisfied with the empty title 
 of King, did not fcruple to demand, that the 
 crown of Scotland, and the other' enfigns of roy- 
 alty, fliould be delivered up to the Dauphin.— 
 The commiffioners, however, declared that they 
 
 had 
 
 * Burnet, Hift. of the Reformation in England, toJ. 
 iii. p. 280. Records, p. 279. 
 
 t Keith, Append, p. 15^ 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 1 23 
 
 had received no commands upon this fubjeft from Book ir. 
 the parliament of Scotland. It was then requeft- ^^Jg/ 
 ed of them, by the Chancellor of France, that 
 upon their return home they fliouid employ all 
 their influence to obtain the crown matrimonial to 
 the King Dauphin ; and that, in the mean time, 
 they would exprefs their refolution to undertake 
 this commiiTion, under their fubfcriptions and 
 feals. But the commiflioners, offended juftly 
 with this fpirit of incroachment, informed him, 
 that they were limited by inftruftions which they 
 could not exceed or violate without treachery ; 
 and that it became not the ancient ally of Scot- 
 land thus to tranfgrefs the bounds of moderation, 
 and inftead of the tcndemefs of friendihip, to ex- 
 hibit the extravagance of ambition *. This pa- 
 triotifm was not acceptable to the court of France; 
 and four of the CommiHioners dying before they 
 could embark for Scotland, a fufpicion was enter- 
 tained that they were poifoned by the Princes of 
 Lorraine f. 
 
 Henry II. though he could not but know, that 
 
 the mixed form of government which prevailed in 
 
 R 2 Scotland 
 
 * Buchanan, Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
 t Mezerai, Hift. de France, tome ii. p. 1125. Thu.> 
 Rus, Hift. fui temp. lib. 3«. 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. Scotlaiid did not permit an unlimited power in the . 
 
 ^?J^ Prince, was yet warmly impreffed with the fancy, 
 
 pariiamcnf that Very ample prerogatives might be connected 
 
 is obtained 
 
 crown ma- 
 trimonial . 
 to the Dau- 
 phin. 
 
 to give the with the crown matrimonial. After the furvi- 
 ving deputies had explained their tranfaflions to 
 the Scottiili parliament, he continued to prefs this 
 favourite projecl. The young Queen herfelf ap- 
 plied to the three eftates, defiring that the crown 
 matrimonial might be conferred upon her huf- 
 band. The French AmbaHador wasaclive in dif- 
 tributing bribes and promifes. . The influence 
 of the Qu^en Regeiit was exerted in the fulled; 
 manner ; and the party for the Reformation, wil- 
 ling at this time to win her favour, bellowed the 
 full weight of their concurrence in an emergency 
 fo interefting to her *. The Earl of Arran, ap- 
 prehcnfive for his claim to the crown, remonflrated 
 againfl the danger of eutrufling too much power 
 with the Dauphin ; and the clergy, aftuated by 
 the Archbifliop and his "brother, turned away tlie 
 current of their favour from the King of France 
 and the Queen Regent. But all oppcfition wa<? 
 inefieftual and vain. An adl: of parliament waspaf- 
 ed, confenting to the deiireof the young Queen, 
 and conferring upon the Dauphin the crown matri- 
 monial. 
 
 * It is probable that they had obtained fome favoiiraWc 
 proaiifcs from her. See a Record in Burnet, vol. iii. p. 2 7$» 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 iiionial, as a gratification,' during tlieir marriage, Book it. 
 but without any prejudice to the Hberties of her ^T^o/^ 
 kingdom, to the heirs of her body, or to the order 
 of the royal fucceflion *. Amidfl thefe redraints, 
 it is diiEcuIt to comprehend the advantages which 
 v,"ere fo earneftly fought by the court of France. — 
 It is certain, hov/ever, that the Earl of Arran trem- 
 bled with fufpicions, and entered a protell: in par- 
 liament, that the coronation of the Dauphin lliouici 
 not prejudge or invalidate his rights f. 
 
 In compliance with the ordination of the three 
 eftates, the Queen Regent appointed the Earl of 
 Argyle and James Stuart, Prior of St Andrews, to 
 carry the crown matrimonial into France. But 
 this tranfaflion was never to be completed. — ■ 
 Thefe leaders of the Reformation forgot altoge* 
 ther their embalTy in the importance of more ani- 
 mating cares. The King Dauphin was never to 
 receive the crown matrimonial ; and the Queen 
 Regent, in the attention which flie found neceffary 
 to herfelf, neglected fortunately to terminate an 
 intrigue, which, in all the (tages through which 
 it paiTed, is difgraced by duplicity and guilt. 
 
 After 
 
 * Keith, p. 76. 
 
 t Buchanan, Hifi:. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. LcHy, de Rebj 
 Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 203, 20^. 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. After the leaders of the Reformation had fub- 
 ^^^^ fcribed the firft covenant, they addrelled letters to 
 SimsTo Jo^^ Knox, urging in the llrongefl; terms his re- 
 Re'forma! ^um to Scotland ; and that their hopes of his af- 
 ^°'^ fiflance might not be difappointed, they fent an ad- 
 
 drefs to John Calvin, the celebrated Reformer, 
 begging him to join his commands to their entrea- 
 ties. The Archbifliop of St Andrews, who per- 
 ceived the rifing ftorm, was in a difficult fitua- 
 tlon. A powerful combination threatened ruin to 
 the church ; and he had feparated himfelf from the 
 politics of the Queen Regent. The zeal of the 
 Roman Catholics pointed out ftrong meafures to 
 him ; and his difpofitions were pacific. The Cler- 
 gy were offended with his remiffnefs and neglcft 
 of duty. The Reformers detefted his loofenefs of 
 priniples, and were fliocked with the dilTolute de^^ 
 pravity of his life and converfation. He refolved 
 to try the force of addrefs, and did not fuccced. 
 He then refolved to be fevere, and was Hill more 
 unfuccefsful. 
 
 The Arch- The Earl of Argyle was the moft powerful of 
 Andrews the Reformed leaders. To allure him from his 
 
 endeavours 
 
 to gain the party, the Archbifuop of St Andrews employed 
 
 Earl of Ar- 
 
 gyle from the agency of Sir David Hamilton. He reprefent- 
 mirs. ed to the Earl, by this melTenger, the antiquity of 
 
 the 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 127 
 
 the blood of his houfe, its unfpotted glory, the af- Book 17, 
 fe(Slion he bore to it, and the delire with which he ^^^Js/ 
 was animated to perpetuate its fame. He conjur- 
 ed him not to give way to herefy, and to aker his 
 religion in his old age. He held out the terrors of 
 the law, and touched upon the forrow with which 
 his heart would be penetrated, if any peril or ca- 
 lamity (hould efFe£l his Lordfhip, his fon, or his 
 houfe. He inveighed with great bitternefs againfl 
 John Douglas, the reformed preached, whom the 
 Earl entertained as his Chaplain ; and he begged 
 to have the permiiTion to fend a learned man to 
 him, who knew well all the true dofbines of the 
 Catholic faith. In fine, he urged, that " the 
 moans, the cries, and the murmurs of the Queen," 
 the churchmen, the fpiritual and temporal eflates, 
 and the more efteemed of the people, all compelled 
 him to aftions of vigour and feverity *. 
 
 This policy of the Archbifliop operated to his 
 difadvantage with the Earl of Argyle. The kind- 
 nefs he afte£led, and the advices he beflowed, were 
 no compliment to the underftanding of this noble- 
 man ; and his threats were regarded with fcom. 
 All the refolutions of the Earl were fortified the 
 more ftrongly, by an application which, in one 
 
 Knox, p. iti. 113. 
 
128 HISTORY OF -THE REFORMATION 
 
 ■^ ■— ^ 
 
 Book 11. view, might be confidered as a declaration of war 
 iss^ from the church, and in another as a fymptom of 
 its weaknefs. The Reformers, inftead of lofmg their 
 courage, felt a fentiment of exukation and tri- 
 umph ; and the Earl of Argyle happening to die 
 about this time, he not only maintained the new 
 doctrines in his lad inoments, but intreated his fon 
 tofeekfor honour in promoting the public preach- 
 ing of the gofpel, and Jefus Chriil, .and in the ut- 
 ter ruin of fuperflition and idolatry *. 
 
 The mar- 
 tyrdom of 
 Walter 
 MUl. 
 
 It was determined by the Archbiiliop and the 
 Prelates, that this difappoiiitment iliould be fuc- 
 ceedcd by a furious perlecution of the Reformed, 
 and that the church fhould exhauft all her rage 
 and thunder. V/alter Mill, a pried, had negleft- 
 ed to officiate at the altar, and having been long 
 under the fufpicion of herefy, was carried to St 
 Andrews, committed to prifon, and accufed before 
 the Archbiiliop and his fuffragans. He was in an 
 extreme old age ; his powers of nature were near- 
 ly,exhauited ; and he had Itruggled all his life with 
 poverty. He funk not, however, under the hard- 
 nefs of his fate. To the articles of his accufation 
 
 he 
 
 •* Kt-ith VI.6-J. Kncx^ p. 114, ii8. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 129 
 
 he replied with fignal recolle^lion and fortitude *. Book n. 
 The firmnefs of his mind, in the emaciated ftate of j^^g. 
 his body, excited admiration. The infuhs of his 
 enemies, and their contempt, ferved to difcover his 
 S fuperiority 
 
 * His examination is recorded with an intercfting fitn- 
 |)licity by Archbifhop SpotfwGod. 
 
 *' Sir Andrew Olipliant, one of the Arcbbifliop's priefls, 
 rommanding him to arlfe (for he was upon his knees) and 
 anfwer to the articles, faid, " Sir Walter Mill, get you up 
 *' and anfwer, for you keep my Lord here too long." He 
 notthelefs continued his devotion ; and that done, he arofei 
 and faid, ♦' he ought to obey God more than men ; I ferve a 
 ** mightier Lord than your Lord is. -'^ nd where you call me 
 *' Sir Walter, they call me Walter, and not Sir Walter. I have 
 ** been too long one of the Pope's knights. Now fay what 
 *• you have to fay." 
 
 ** Oliphant then began with this queflion, " What thinkcil 
 *' thou of priell's marriage V He atifwered, " I efteera it 
 *' a blefied bond, ©rdained by God, approved by Chrift, and- 
 *' made free to all forts of men ; but you abhor it, and in the ^ 
 *' mean time take other men's wives and daughters j you vow 
 *' chaftity, and keep it not.'* 
 
 *' Oliphant proceeding, faid, *' Thou fayeft that there is not 
 ** feven facraments." He anfwered, *• Give me the Lord's 
 ♦' Supper and Baptifme, and take you the left and part them 
 *' among you." 
 
 " Oliphant, Thou fayeft that the mafs Is idolatry." He 
 anfwered, " A Lord fendeth and calleth many to his dinner, 
 '* and when it is ready, ringeth the bell, and they come into 
 
 . « the 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. fuperiorlty over them. His pride was lifted the 
 ^"^y^ more by their attempts to humble him. When 
 the clergy declared him a heretic, no temporal 
 judge could be found to condemn him to the fire. 
 • He was refpited to another day ; and fo great fym- 
 pathy prevailed for his misfortunes, that it was ne- 
 ceflary to allure one of the Archbiihop's domeflics 
 to fupply the place of the civil power, and to pro- 
 nounce 
 
 *♦ the hall, but he turning his back upon the guefts, eateth all 
 *« himfelf, giving them no pan ; and fo do you." 
 
 ** Olipha}2t, Thou denieft the facrament of the alter to be the 
 ** body of Chrift really in flefli and blood.** He anfwered, 
 ** The fcripture is not to be taken carnally, but fpiritually ; 
 ** and your mafs is wrong ; for Chrift was once offered on the 
 *' crofs for man's fins, and will never be again, for then he put 
 ** an end to all facrifices." 
 
 •* Oliph. Thou denieft the office of BiHiop.'* He anfwered, 
 " 1 affirm they whom you call Bifhops do not Bifliop's works, 
 *• nor ufe the office of Bifhops, but live after their own fen- 
 *' fual pleafures, taking no care for the flock, nor yet regard- 
 *' ing the word of God." 
 
 ** Oliphanty Thou fpeakefl againft pilgrimage, and calleft it 
 ** a pilgrimage to whoredom." He anfwered, *' I fay that 
 ** pilgrimage is not commanded in the fcriptures, and that 
 " there is no greater whoredom in any place than at your pil- 
 *' grimage?, except it be in the common brothels." 
 
 *' Ol:phai:t, Thou preacheft privately in houfes, and fome* 
 " times in the fields." He anfwered, ♦' Yea, man, and upon 
 " the fea too, when I am failing."^ 
 
 « Oliphanf, 
 
QF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 nounce the fentence of condemnation. When book ir. 
 
 brou^rht to the flake, the refolution of this fufferer ^"^'"'^'y*^ 
 
 '=> ' 1558. 
 
 did jiot forfake him. He praifed God, that he 
 
 had been called to feal up the truth with his life ; 
 and he conjured the people, as they would efcape 
 eternal death, not to be overcome by the errors 
 and the artifices of Monks and Priefts, Abbots 
 and Biihops *. 
 
 The barbarity of this execution affected the Re- The Re- 
 formed with inexprelTible horror. As they had think of re 
 increafed to a moft formidable number, the blow subfcrip. 
 was unexpe<5led. The church adding contempt to taken for 
 cruelty, they felt furprize and aftoniihment, a.s well 
 as indignation and rage. AH the mifery of their 
 condition difplayed itfelf to them. By yielding to 
 the light of their confcience and underftanding, 
 S 2 they 
 
 ** Oilplant, If thou wilt not recant thy opinions, I will 
 " pronounce fentence againft thee." He anfwercd, " I know 
 *' I muft die once, therefore, as Chrifl faid to Judas, ^lod 
 ** facts fac cito ', yo\i fhall know that I will not recant the 
 *« truth, for I am corn, and no chaff; I will neither be 
 *' blown away with the wind, nor buril with the flail, but will 
 «' abide both." 
 
 " Thefe anfwers he gave with great boldnefs, to the admi- 
 ration of all that were prefent." Hift. of the church, p. 96. 
 
 * Buchanan, Hift. Rcr. Scot. lib. xtI. Knoy, p. 13Q. 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 n 1. 1 ■ ... . - ■- -r^ , — I'g ; 
 
 Book II. they cxpofcd themfelves to a cruel death. By 
 ^^^g/ conforming to the eftabliilied faith, they hazarded 
 their falvatlon. To continue in this ftate was to 
 prolong their torture ; and if there was a remedy 
 for their wretchednefs, it feemed to them that they 
 . were entitled to apply it. If temporal Judges and 
 Biftiops could fupport with impunity the empire of 
 idolatry, and appeal to the flake and the gibbet, 
 it could not, they imagined, be criminal in them 
 to flretch out their hands to uphold the truth, and 
 to dafh from them with fcorn the infolence of op- 
 preflion. Unacquainted with the fubtleties and 
 refinements of government and polity, they yield- 
 ed to the fentiments which were fuggcfled by the 
 pain and the preiTure of dilEculties and dangers. — 
 They joined in a work of Reformation. Sub- 
 fcriptions for mutual defence were taken. Per- 
 fons moved with zeal, or attracted with the love, 
 of change, engaged in circuits through the king- 
 dom, to collefl the voices of the faithful. Defign 
 and art concurred with piety, novelty, and reli- 
 gion. The leaders of the Reformation, difperfmg 
 their emiifarics to every quarter, encouraged the 
 vehem.ence of the multitude. The covenant to e- 
 flablifli a new form of religion extended from the 
 few to the many. Amidft the turbulence and dif- 
 cord of the paffions, and interefls of men, the foft 
 
 voic« 
 
Ol' RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 yoke of humanity and reafon was not heard. — book n. 
 
 The fliarp point of the fword, not the calm exer- ^-^'VvV 
 tion of enquiry, was to decide the difputes of theo- 
 logy. 
 
 When the leaders of the Reformation were ap- The Pro- 
 prized of the ardent zeal of the people, and con- gree tjio- 
 iidered the great number of fubfcriptions which from the * 
 had been colledled in the different counties of the gene. * 
 
 gene. 
 
 kingdom, they affembled to deliberate concerning 
 the ileps to be purfued. To proceed in their bu- 
 finefs with an avowed and open contempt of the 
 eflabliflied authority, appeared to them a violation 
 of all juftice and law. For the obje£t they fought 
 was a redrefs of grievances, not the deilru£lion of 
 the government. It was refolved, accordingly, 
 that a public and common fupplication of the 
 whole body of the Proteflants iliould be prefent- 
 ed to the Queen Regent ; which, after complain- 
 ing of the injuries they had fuifered, fliould re- 
 quire her to beftow upon them her fupport and 
 iilHftance, and urge her to proceed in the work of 
 a Reformation. To explain their full meaning, a 
 a fchedule, containing particular demands, v/as, at 
 the fame time, to be expofed to her fcrutiny. To 
 Sir James Sandilands of Calder they committed 
 the important charge of their manifelto and arti- 
 cles 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book ti. cIcs of Reformation ; and in appointing him to 
 ^^^^ this commiffion, they confuked the refpe£l which 
 was due botk to the government and to them- 
 felves. His char after was in the highefl eftima- 
 tion. His fervices to his country were numerous; 
 his integrity and honour were fuperior to all fu- 
 fpicion ; and his age and experience gave him au- 
 thority and reverence. 
 
 Thdrfup. The petition, or fupplication of the Protefl- 
 ^ ' ants, was exprelled in ftrong, but refpe^ful terms. 
 They told the Queen Regent, That though they 
 had been provoked by great injuries, they had 
 yet, during a long period, abflained from affem- 
 bling themfelves, and from making known to her 
 their complaints. Banifhment, confifcation of 
 goods, and death in its moil cruel Ihape, were e- 
 vils with which the Reformed had been long af- 
 ilifted ; and they were ftill expofed to thefe dread- 
 ful calamities. Continual fears difturbed them ; 
 ': and they felt the wafte and anguifli of fecret grief. 
 
 Compelled by their fuiFerlngs, they prefume,d to 
 aflc a remedy againfl: the tyranny of the prelates 
 and the eflate ecclefiaflical. They had ufurped 
 an unlimited domination over the minds of men. 
 Whatever they commanded, though without any 
 fanftion from the word of God, mull be obeyed. 
 
 Whatever 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I35 
 
 Whatever they difcharged, though from their book ir. 
 own authority only, mufl: be avoided. All argu- ^'^'^"^ 
 ments and remonftrances were equally fruitlefs 
 and vain. The fire, the, faggot, and the fword, 
 were the weapons with which the church enfor- 
 ced and vindicated her mandates. By thefe, of 
 late years, many of their brethren had fallen; 
 and upon this account they were troubled and 
 wounded in their confciences* For, conceiving 
 themfelves to be a part of that power which God 
 had eflablilhed in this kingdom, it was their duty 
 to have defended them, or to have concurred with 
 them in an open avowal of their common religion. 
 They now take the opportunity to make this a- 
 vowal. They break a filence w^hich may be mif- 
 interpreted into a juftification of the cruelties of 
 their enemies. And difdaining all farther diiii- 
 mulation in matters which concern the glory of 
 God, their prefent happinefs, and their future 
 falvation, they demand, that the original purity 
 of the Chriftian religion fhall be reftored ; and 
 that the government Ihall be fo improved, as to 
 afford them a fecurity in their perfons, their opi- 
 nions, and their property *. 
 
 With 
 
 * Collection of Recordsj No. Ill 
 
Boor. n. With this petition, or fupplication of the Pro- 
 
 ^"^^^^ teflants. Sir James Sandilands prefentcd their 
 
 fchedule of demands, or the prehminary ai'ticle- 
 
 of the Reformation. They were in the fpirit of 
 
 their fupplication, and of the following tenor. 
 
 Heads of I. It fliall be lawful to the Reformed to perufc 
 
 Reforma- , . • i i 
 
 tion. the Scriptures m the vulgar tongue ; and to em- 
 
 ploy alfo their native language in prayer publicly 
 arid in private. 
 
 II. It fliall be permitted to any perfon qualified 
 by knowledge, to interpret and explain the difE- 
 cult palTages in the Scriptures. 
 
 III. The election of mmiflers (hall take place 
 according to the rules of the primitive church ; 
 and thofe who eleft (hall enquire diligently into 
 the lives and doftrines of the perfons whom they 
 admit to the clerical office *. 
 
 IV. The holy facrament of baptifm fliall be ce-' 
 
 lebrated in the vulgar tongue, that its inftitution 
 and nature may be the more generally under- 
 ftood. 
 
 V. TH£ 
 
 * Spotswoow, p. iiS. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. , I37 
 
 V. The holy iacrament of the Lord's fupper Book il 
 fiiall likewife be adminiftered in the vulgar tongue ; \^f^ 
 and in this communion, as well as in the ceremo- 
 nial of baptifm, a becoming refpet^t fhall be paid 
 to the plain inflitution of Chriil Jefus. 
 
 VI. The wicked and licentious Hves of the bi- 
 fliops, and eflate ecclefiaflical, fliall be reformed ^ 
 and if tliey difcharge not the duties of true and 
 faithful paftors, they fliall be compelled to delift 
 from their miniflry and functions *. 
 
 From a fpirit of oppoCtion to the eflabliflied ihe Queen 
 church, and from the hope of advantage to them- pears to ia- 
 
 _ • '~' vour the 
 
 felves, the Protellanfs had courted the Queen Reformed. 
 Regent, by affording her a powerful aid in the 
 tranfa6lions which concerned France and the Dau- 
 phin. In her turn, flie was not wanting in a 
 fhow of cordiality and friendfliip ; and, by this 
 affeftation, flie gratified her refentments agalnfl 
 the Archbiiliop of St Andrews, and the Houfe of 
 Hamilton. The unaninlity, however, of the Prb- 
 teilants, their fubfcriptions for mutual defence, 
 the power aod ability of their leaders, the force 
 of their remonftrances, and the peculiarities of 
 T their 
 
 * See Colkaion of Records, No. Ill- 
 
i^S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 sooK 11. their demands, all confpired to involve her in the 
 iij8. greateft perplexity and uneafmefs. It was not a- 
 greeable to her to yield to their views, and it was 
 dangerous to oppofe thera» Adopting an indeci- 
 llve conduft, flie flattered them with hopes. She 
 alTurcd the Proteljtants, by Sir James Sandilands, 
 their orator or commil^oner, that every thing they 
 could legally defire iliould be granted to them ; 
 and that, in the mean time, they might, without 
 moleftation, employ the vulgar tongue in their 
 prayers and religious exerclfes. But, upon the 
 pretence that no encouragement might be given 
 to tumults and riot, flie requefted that they would 
 hold no public aflemblies in Edinburgh or Leith. 
 The Congregation, for this name was now affb- 
 med by the Proteilants, were tranfported with 
 thefe tender proofs of her regard ; and while they 
 fought to advance flill higher in her efleem, by 
 the inoffenfive quietnefs of their carriage, tliey 
 were encouraged to perfiil in the undertaking 
 they had begun, and to accomplilli the work of 
 the Reformation *. 
 
 Nor to the clergy, who at this time w'ere 
 holding a provincial council at Edinburgh, did 
 
 the 
 
 * BvcHANAN, Hid. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I39 
 
 the Congregation fcruple to communicate the ar- Book ii. 
 tides of the intended Reforniation. The clergy \^^^ 
 received their demands with a florm of rage, of 'Refo?* 
 which died away in an innocent debility. Upon prefemedTo 
 recovering from their paffions, they offered to '^^^^"''sr- 
 fubmit the controverfy between them and the Re- 
 formed to a public difputation. The Congrega- 
 tion did not refufe this mode of trial ; and deil- 
 red, as their only conditions, that the Scriptures 
 might be confidered as the ftandards of orthodoxy 
 and truth, and that thofe of their brethren who 
 were in exile, and under perfecution, might be 
 permitted to affiil them. Thefe requefts, though 
 reafonable in a high degree, were not complied 
 with ; and the church would allow no rule of 
 right, but the canon law and its own councils. — > 
 Terms of reconciliation were then offered upon 
 the part of the eftate ecclefiaflical. It held out 
 to the Proteftants, the liberty of praying and ad- 
 miniflering the facraments in the vulgar tongue, 
 if they would pay reverence to the mafs, acknow- 
 ledge purgatory, invoke the faints, and admit of 
 petitions for the dead. To conditions fo ineffec- 
 tual and abfurd, the Congregation did not deign 
 to return any anfwer *. 
 
 T2 The 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 1:9. 
 
I40 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book h. The meeting of the parliament approached. — 
 j^^g. The parties m contention were agitated with an- 
 tcftants re- xictics, apprehcnfions, and hopes. An expefta- 
 appiVto tio^ of ^ fi^"ni and open affiftance from the C)ueen 
 parjiamcnt. p^gggj^j.^ g^^g couragc to the Reformed; and, 
 from the parliamentary influence of their friends 
 in the greater and the lefler baronage, they ex- 
 pected the mofl important fervices. They drew 
 up with eagernefs the articles which they willied 
 to be pafTed into a law ; and as the fpirit and 
 fenfe of their tranfa6tions are to be gathered m 
 the completeft manner from the papers whfch 
 were framed by themfelves, it is proper to attend 
 to them with a punctilious exaftnefs. Their peti- 
 tions were few and explicit. 
 
 "heir PCti- 
 
 I. They could not, in confequence of principles 
 which they had embraced, from a conviftion of 
 their truth, participate in the Romifti religion. — 
 It was therefore their defire, that all the adis of 
 parliament, giving authority to the church to pro- 
 ceed againft them as heretics, fliould be abroga- 
 ted ; or, at Icaft, that their power fliould be fuf- 
 pended, till the difputes which had arifen were 
 determined, and brought to a conclufion. 
 
 II. They 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I41 
 
 II. They did not mean that all men lliould be Book ir, 
 at liberty to profefs what religion they pleafed, ^"^^^"^^ 
 
 1J58. 
 
 without the control of authority. They confent- 
 ed that all tranfgrellbrs in matters of faith fliould 
 be carried before the temporal judge. But it was 
 their wifli that the clergy ftiould have only the 
 power to accufe ; and they thought it conform- 
 able to juilice, that a copy of the criminal charge 
 Ihould be lodged with the p3.rty upon trial, and 
 that a competent time fliould be allowed him to 
 defend himfelf. 
 
 III. They infifted, that every defence confident 
 with law fliould be permitted to the party accufed ; 
 and that objeftions to witnelTes, founded in truth 
 and reafon, fliould operate to his favour. 
 
 IV. They defired that the party accufed fliould 
 have permiiTion to interpret and explain his own 
 opinions ; and that his declaration fliould carry a 
 greater evidence than the depofition of any wit- 
 nefs J as no perfon ought to be puniflied for reli- 
 gion, who is not obfliinate in a wicked or damna- 
 ble tenet. 
 
 V. In fine, they urged, that no Proteflant 
 fliould be condemned for herefy, without being 
 
 convidled 
 
142 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book 11. convifted by the word of God, of the want of 
 15 J 8. that faith which is neceflary to falvation *. 
 
 Re' em^r" The Congregation prefented thefe articles to 
 PmeVam ^^^ Queen Regent, in the fond hope, that Ihe 
 would not only propofe them to the three eftates 
 alTerabled in parliament, but employ all her in- 
 fluence to recommend them. While flie difcou- 
 raged not, however, the fentiments they entertain- 
 ed in her favour, ihe objefted to the expediency 
 of their propofal. It was dangerous, fhe faid, to 
 prefer their requefts to parliament, when the ec- 
 clefiaflical board was inflamed to a fierce oppofi- 
 tion ; and, if flie iliould venture upon this meafure, 
 fhe was certain of drawing the whole weight of 
 the church againfl her in other matters which 
 were of high importance. She therefore recom- 
 mended it to them, to wait for a more convenient 
 opportunity of preffing their purpofes, and to de- 
 pend upon her zeal and fervices. 
 
 Their pro- This behaviour did not fatisfy the leaders of 
 
 tcllation. 
 
 - the Congregation. They began now to fufpefl 
 the fmcerity of the Queen Regent 5 and they 
 
 were 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. IV^ 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I43 
 
 were fenfible that their petitions, though they book n. 
 had been carried in parliament, could not have ^''^^ 
 paffed into a law without her confent. They 
 thence abftained from prefenting them ; but as 
 their complaints and defires were fully known in 
 parliament, they ordered a folemn declaration to 
 be read there, in their behalf, and demanded that 
 it fhould be inferted in the records of the nation. 
 In this declaration, after exprcffing their regret 
 for having been difappointed in their fcheme of 
 Reformation, they protefted, that no blame fliould 
 be imputed to them for continuing in their reli- 
 gion, which they believed to be founded in the 
 word of God ; that no danger of life, and no 
 political pains, ihould be incurred by them, for 
 difregarding ftatutes which fupport idolatry, and 
 for violating rites which are of human invention ; 
 and that, if infurreftions and tumults fliould di- 
 fturb the realm, from the diverlity of religious 
 opinions, and if abufes fliould be corre^led by vio- 
 lence, all the guilt, diforder, and inconvenience 
 thence arifmg, infl:ead of being applied to them, 
 fliould be afcribed to thofe folely who had refu- 
 fed a timely redrefs of wrongs, and who had de- 
 fpifed petitions prefented with the humility of 
 faithful fubjecls, and for the purpofes of eflablifli- 
 
 ing 
 
144 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. ing tlic commaiidments of God, and a mofl juft 
 i^^ and falutary Reformation *. 
 
 The three eftates received this formidable pro- 
 tefl with attention and refpe^l ; but the intention 
 of inferting it in the national records was aban- 
 doned by the Congregation, upon a formal pro- 
 mife from the Queen Regent, that all the matters 
 in controverfy fliould fpeedily be brought by her 
 to a fortunate iiTue. 
 
 The prfliti- Though difpofed neither to bigotry nor per- 
 thc Queen fecutiou by her temper and underftanding, the 
 
 Regent. 
 
 Queen Regent was yet willing to maintain the 
 Romiiii religion. She rcfpefted the antiquity of 
 this fyftem of faith ; llie did not diflike the hum- 
 ble fubraiffions it required in its votaries ; llie 
 dreaded the dangers of innovation ; and flie could 
 not dived herfelf of the prejudices of her educa- 
 tion. Her fentiments coincided with the politic? 
 of the French court, and received a confirmation 
 from that quarter. Her brothers, the Princes of 
 Lorraine, pojGTeffed an authority over her that ap- 
 proached to dominion ; and, by their addrefsy 
 they were able to drive her difpofitions and paf- 
 
 frons 
 
 * CoLjLECTioN of R-scords, No. V, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 M5 
 
 fions to a point of the utmoft violence and obfli- Book ii. 
 nacy. The marriage of the Queen of Scots to ^^!^ 
 the Dauphin had advanced tlieir power to an 
 exorbitant height ; and they were foHcitous to 
 add to their confeqtierice, by governing Scotland 
 in a defpotic manner, by the means of the Queen 
 Regent. In the tendency and nature of all thefe 
 caufes and circumllances, there were danger and 
 hoftility to the Reformed ; and an ev^t of great 
 importance put them into action with 'their fullefl 
 influence. 
 
 Mary, Queen of England, having died of jea- The King 
 ioufy and difcontent, after a fllort and inglorious declares " 
 reign, the Princes or Guife mlilted upon the claim of Scots t:. 
 
 ^ " be the heir 
 
 ot the Queen of Scots to her crown. The King oitheKng- 
 
 f, ^ Illh crown. 
 
 ot r ranee took an early opportunity to declare 
 her publicly, at Paris, to be the Queen of Eng- 
 land by right of blood, as the defcendarit of Mar- 
 ;garet, the eldeft daughter of Henry VII. to the 
 exclufion of Elizabeth, whom he held to be the 
 daughter of Henry VIII. by an illegal matYiage *. 
 He prevailed with the Queen of Scots to affume 
 tlie title of Qiieen of England, and to (lamp 
 U money 
 
 * Camdes, Hift. of Q^ Elizabeth, ap. Kennet, vol. ii. 
 p. 378. Mczeray, Hiftoirede France, tome ii. p. 1129. 
 
146 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION* 
 
 in- ■■ . r-" vr 
 
 Book 11. money under this charafter. The arras of En^- 
 ^^C^ land were quartered with thofe of France and 
 Scotland ; and with a profufe and premature pa- 
 rade, they were employed as ornaments to the 
 plate and furniture of the Queen of Scots and the 
 Dauphin. The court of France dreaded the 
 abiUty of Queen EHzabeth, and her zeal againft 
 Popery. By fupporting the pretenfions of the 
 Queen of Scots, they might keep alive the intef- 
 tine divifions of England. The Roman Catholics 
 in that kingdom were ftill numerous and power- 
 ful ; and the Pope might, in compliment to the 
 church, be engaged to pronounce the illegitimacy 
 of Queen Elizabeth *. 
 
 1559- While the King of France and the Princes of 
 
 tie incites 
 
 the c>neen Lorrainc were meditating the humiliation of this 
 
 Reg^ent to 
 
 perfccute ijlullrious Princcfs, they depended upon the power- 
 
 the Refor- 
 med, ful affiflance of the Scottilh nation. The Queen 
 
 Regent was perfectly at their devotion ; but from 
 the Reformed they had reafon to expeft a warm 
 opposition to their views. It was therefore expe- 
 dient to give a check to the Congregation ; and 
 as a flight wound might irritate rather than inti- 
 midate, it was refolved to flrike a violent and o- 
 
 verpowering 
 
 * State Papers publifhed by Dr Forbes, vol. i- p. 1 73. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, I47 
 
 verpowering blow. Counfels the mod bold and Book ii. 
 favage fuggefted themfelves. The total deflruc- 
 
 1359- 
 
 lion of the leaders of the Reformation was pro- 
 jected. The Queen Regent, forgetting her pru- 
 dence, her humanity, and her fex, was preparing 
 to build fcalFolds, and to flain herfelf with blood*. 
 
 The fufpicions which, during the fitting of the Breach bc- 
 
 • 1 • 1 ' 1 r 1 -n tween the 
 
 parliament, were excited in the minds of the Re- Qiicen rc. 
 
 gent and 
 
 formed, by the artificial condufl of the Queen the con- 
 
 gregation. 
 
 U 2 Regent, 
 
 * Sir Nicholas Throkmortok, the Englifh ambafla- 
 dor at the court of France, writes thus to Sir Williara Cecil, 
 Secretary to Queen Elizabeth. " I am informed, that two 
 *' daies agoo, upon their confultation here for matters of 
 ^' Scotland, the Cardinal of Lorraine, the Duke of Guife, 
 *' and others of that boufe, have as much as they could per-^ 
 «< fuaded, that the way to amend the garboyles there, is to 
 " caufe the Earl of Argyle, the Prior of St Andrews, other- 
 *• wife called the Baftard of Scotland, and the Lord Dun, 
 •• to be apprehended, their goodes confifcat, and they ihem- 
 ** felves to lofe their lives ; and the like to be done to a 
 *' aumber of other inferiors : for, fay they, fo long as thefe 
 *' men remaine, Scotland cannot be kept in obedience either 
 ** to the church, or to the King or the Queeq Dolphin. — 
 <* Whereupon they have determined to ufe this extreme man- 
 *• ner of Reformation ; whereof I am advertifed by fuch a 
 *' one as, both for God's caufe, and the faving of their lives, 
 *• feemed verey defirous and to wyfh, that they had know- 
 ** ledge what is meant towards them ; which I leave to your 
 »* confideration to be ufed and followed, as you (hall thinks; 
 <' convenient.'* Dr Forbes, State Papers, yol. i. p. 152. 
 
148 TIISTORY OF THZ REFORMATION 
 
 Book ii. Regent, were fully con finned upon its difibluliono 
 ^^■^'^^*^ Slie reconciled herfelf to tlie archbifliop of St 
 
 K^59- 
 
 Andrews," and to the clergy, who Vvere infinitely 
 flattered by her advances. She proclaimed through- 
 out the kingdom a folemn obfervance of the fefti- 
 val of Eafter. Shehe.rfelf received fufl the facra- 
 ment ; and it was her pleafure that all tlie perfons 
 of her houfliold fliould receive it. By the flu- 
 died pun£i;uality of her carriage, flie-defired to eii- 
 courage the prieflhood, and to throw a' contempt 
 upon the Proteflarits. She wa$ now heard fre- 
 quently to fay, that the royal authority had been 
 infulted, and that it was her determined purpofe 
 to reftore it to that reverend efteem which It had 
 lofl. Inquiries were made after all the preachers 
 of the Congregation, and citations were fent to^ 
 tliem to appear at Stirling, to anfwer to the 
 charges which might be preferred ifgainfl them. 
 The* impending ftorm was obferved by the lenders 
 of the Reformation. Alexander Earl of Glen- 
 cairn, and Sir Hugh Campbell of Loudon, were 
 deputed to admonifli her not to perfecute the 
 preachers, unlefs they had been obnoxious by 
 circulating erroneous do^lrines,; or by diflurbing 
 lier government. Unable to rcilrain her temper, 
 file told them, that the preachers fliould be ba- 
 niflied from Scotland, though their doctrines were 
 
 as 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I49 
 
 as found as thofe of St PauJ. The deputies en- eook u. 
 treated her to be more moderate, and to call to ^-^'y^^ 
 mind the repeated promifes of kindnefs which flie 
 had made to the Congregation. Her paffions in- 
 creafed in their violence. " The promifes," faid 
 file, " of Princes, ought not to be claimed with 
 *' rigour, and are only binding when fubfervient 
 " to their conveniency and pleafure." They re- 
 plied with indignation and fortitude, " If thefe 
 " are. your fentiments, the Congregation can no 
 *' longer acknowledge your authority, and mufl 
 " renounce the allegiance of fubjefts.'* Her 
 mind was agitated with pride, anger, and aflonifli- 
 raent*. 
 
 It was not long before the news was brought, The Refor- 
 mation is 
 that the Reformation was eflablidied at Perth, eUabiinied 
 
 . . at Perth. 
 
 the inhabitants having embraced publicly the new 
 opinions. The Lord Ruthven, the Provoll of 
 that city, being commanded into her prefence, 
 Ihe peremptorily enjoined him to fupprefs the re- 
 ligious novelties which lir.d arifen within the li- 
 mits of his jurifdifticn. He informed her, that 
 he was inveflsd with no power over the minds 
 and the confciences of men. She ordered the 
 
 Provofl 
 
 * BucHANiK, Hill. Rer, Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
150 HISTORY Of THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. Provofl of Dundcc to apprehend Paul Methven, 
 ^^■*^7^*^ a preacher, who had offended her. He did not 
 difpute her authority, but fent privately a meffage 
 to the delinquent to provide for his fafety. Her 
 proclamation for the obfervance of Eafter was 
 neglefted and defpifed. There were multitudes 
 in every quarter, who, refufing to communicate, 
 exclaimed that the mafs was an idol, and that 
 they abhorred all idolatry and iiiperflition *. 
 
 The New citations, in the mean time, had been 
 
 prepare to givcu to all the preachers to appear at Stirling. 
 foSe '^ They prepared for their trial, and gathered them- 
 gcat. felves into a body, with an attendance of Proteft- 
 
 ants from all parts of the country. Upon their 
 approach towards Perth, John Erlkine of Dun, 
 whom they refpefted alike for his prudence and 
 his zeal, advanced before them, to acquaint the 
 Queen Regent, that this convocation of the Re- 
 formed was made with a view that they might 
 offer a profelllon of their common religion with 
 the preachers, and alTiil them with their teilimo- 
 ny. Struck with their unanimity, dreading their 
 power, though they were without arms, and be- 
 ing informed of their fervor, fhe entreated him to 
 
 flop 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 121. Knox, p. 134, ^SS' 
 
OF RELIGION IN SGOTLANO. l^i 
 
 flop their march ; and, affe(fting candour and fin- book n. 
 cerity, aflured him, that all proceedings againfl ^•'"V^i^ 
 the preachers fhould be abandoned. Mr Erikine, 
 defn-ous of quiet, and confident of the good in- 
 tentions of the Queen Regent, exerted himfelf 
 with fuccefs. The multitude was difmiffed ; and 
 the barons and gentlemen of the Congregation 
 remained at Perth with the preachers. When 
 the day of citation arrived, the preachers, con- Mayia? 
 forming to the agreement, did not prefent them- 
 felves at Stirling. They were, notwithflanding, 
 denounced to be rebels for this neglefi: ; and ail 
 perfons were prohibited, under the penalty of 
 high treafon, from affording them any comfort or 
 alTiftance. A violation of faith fo ignoble, dif- 
 graced the dignity of government. Diflrufl:, 
 fufpicion, and terror of the civil power, fpread 
 themfelves among all ranks of the people. Mr 
 Erikine, inflamed by the aifront put upon his un- 
 derftanding, and afliamed of having been diflio- 
 noured as a tool of deceit, haflened to apologize 
 to the Congregation for his conduft, and to urge 
 them to provide for the mod defperate extremi 
 ties *. 
 
 At 
 
 * Knox, p. 136. 
 
J 52 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 uooK u. At this critical period John Knox arrived iii 
 ^^?J^ Scotland, in comphance with the fecond invitation 
 prt£hes"at ^v'hich had been addrelTed to him by the leaders 
 Thc'dcmo- of ^^^^ Protcftants. It was not the nature of the 
 SonafterS ^^^ ^^ ^^ inaftive. He flew to Perth, to triumph 
 with the brethren, or to perifli with them. The 
 perfidioufnefs of the Queen Regent, the procla- 
 mation denouncing the preachers to be rebels, 
 and the fpirited remonftrances of Mr Erfldne, had 
 prepared the Reformed for eveiy thing that was 
 mofl violent. Knox, afcending the pulpit, point- 
 ed all the thunder of his eloquence againil idola- 
 try. The people, moved to madnefi; by what 
 was termed the abomination of idols and images, 
 thought of doing honour to the Almighty by 
 deflroying them. A prieft, in contempt of the 
 rhetoric of this Reformer, prepared, after his fer- 
 mon, to fay mafs ; and opening a tabernacle, or 
 cafe, which flood upon the high altai-, difplayed 
 the images of the faints. In a moment the altars 
 and images were demoliflied, and beat to the 
 ground, with every mark of the mod indignant 
 rage. The fury of this mob communicated itfelf 
 to new multitudes. The monafleries of the Grey 
 
 and 
 
 SroTSwooD, p. 121. KnoX} p. 137. Buchanan, Hifti 
 Rcr. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
or RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I53 
 
 S III! ■ "■ ■ 
 
 and the Black iryars were attacked and deflroyed. Book h. 
 That of the Carthufians fhared the fame fate. — j^^^. 
 Nor was the wealth contained in thefe edifices ac- 
 counted to be more facred. It v/as either feized 
 by the invader as his legai prize, or appropriated 
 to the poor, by the direction of the preachers. — 
 The profufe abundance of (lores which the eccle- 
 fiallics had provided for convenience and luxury, 
 the multitude of their velTels of gold and filverj 
 and the coftly magnificence of their beds and fur- 
 niture, were reproached to them, as unbefitting 
 the condition of men who profeffed mortification 
 and poverty *. 
 
 The example of Perth was followed by Couper ^he Queen 
 
 ^ y r Regent Col- 
 
 in Fife : and the church there, witli its piftures '^'"^- =*" h- 
 
 * my, and 
 
 and altars, was defaced. Similar infurreftions marches a- 
 
 gainft the 
 
 were apprehended in other places ; and the Queen Pro'eftants. 
 Regent, alarmed with fuch flrong proceedings, 
 and fuch unbounded profanation of the eftablilli- 
 ed faith, vowed to punifli the inhabitants of Perth 
 with ftriking and humiliating marks of her feve- 
 rity. She invited the nobilty to her by prelTmg 
 letters, and entreated the full afTiflance of her 
 X vaiTals. 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 12:. Knox, p. 137. Buchaaan, Hill. 
 Rer. Scot, lib, xvi. 
 
5 54 HISTORY OF T^E REFORMATICN 
 
 BooKii. vaffals. The French troops were collected. A. 
 15^9. hope of furprifing Perth before the infurgents 
 could prepare for their defence, animated her de- 
 ITgence. But the news of her preparations could 
 not be concealed from the Proteftants, who dif- 
 patched meflengers to every quarter for aid ; and 
 feveral days palTed away before her ordnance 
 could be dragged to the town. The Proteftants, 
 neither infenfible of their danger, nor defpairing 
 of a pardon, but firm to the obje£t of obtaining 
 a fecurity to their doctrines, addrelTed themfelveu 
 in letters to the Queen Regent, to the French 
 g^mmanders in Scotland, to the nobility, and to 
 the clergy *. They rejected Popery with the mofl 
 determined fcorn, and expreffed the defire of a 
 peaceful reformation j but acknowledged that 
 they were difpofed to repel force by force. To 
 their manifeftoes and declarations no refpeft was 
 paid by thofe to whom they were addreffed ; and 
 multitudes of the faithful were hallening, in the 
 mean while to join them. The gentlemen in the 
 diftrifts of Fife, Angus, and Merns, collefting 
 their followers and dependents, formed a camp 
 near Perth. The Earl of Glencairn, with admi- 
 rable celerity, advanced from the Ihire of Air, 
 
 and 
 
 Collection of Records, No. VI. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I55 
 
 and brought with him two thoufand five hundred Book ir. 
 men. Repeated melTages had now pafled between 1559. 
 the Queen Regent and the Proteftants, which had 
 fully explained to her their fpirit and refolution. 
 Unwilling to hazard a battle, and dreading the 
 confequences of a defeat in the perilous flate of 
 the kingdom, flie had recourfe to negotiation.— 
 The Earl of Argyle and the Prior of St Andrews, 
 who began now to have the title of the Lord 
 James Stuart, were difpofed, upon her earned re- 
 qucft, to attempt a reconciliation of the contend- 
 ing parties, and had great authority with the Re- 
 formed. When reproached by Mr Knox and Mr 
 Willocks, for having forfaken the Congregation, 
 thefe commiffioners declared, that though they 
 had promifed to the Queen Regent to employ 
 their endeavours to produce an agreement, their 
 befl wiflies were ftill with the Proteftants ; and 
 that if ftie ihould refufe to accept of reafonable 
 terms of accommodation, or iliould violate any 
 treaty entered into, they would immediately give 
 their full weight to the Reformation, and, joining 
 themfelves to the brethren, partake in all their 
 difficulties and hazards. Upon thefe affurances, 
 the preachers were employed to perfuade the mul- 
 titude to confent to articles of agreement. It May 29, 
 was concluded and determined by both parties, concluded, 
 X 2 that 
 
156 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. that tlic two armics fliould return peaceably to 
 J559. their habitations ; that the town of Perth fliould 
 be evacuated, and made acceflible to the Queen 
 Regent ; that no moleflation fliould be given to 
 the late infurgents, and no perfecutions of the Re- 
 formed be undertaken ; that no garrifon of French 
 troops fliould be flationed at Perth ; that no 
 Frenchman fliould advance nearer to it than three 
 miles ; and that in the approaching affembly of 
 the three eflates, the work of the Reformation 
 fliould be finally efliabliflied *. 
 
 -^h ond This treaty was not executed, upon the part 
 Covenant, ^f {\^q Proteflauts, without fufpicions of the in- 
 tegrity of the Queen Regent. The artifice of 
 her former conduft, and her known refpeft for 
 French counfels, induced the Congregation ftill 
 to entertain a dread of her violence. Before they 
 feparated, it appeared therefore expedient to them 
 to engage in a new aflcoiation, which they term- 
 ed the Second Covenant f. The cordiijity of their 
 afFeftion was thus augmented, and a new tie of 
 confidence was created. In the prclence of God, 
 they vowed to prelerve a conflant amity and {f^- 
 
 lowfliip ; 
 
 ;*- Ta ■ " ' ' "" ' ' - '" ' 
 
 ♦ Spotswood, p. 122. 
 
 p Collection of I^cords, No. VII. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, I57 
 
 ]!owfliip ; to concur in the eftablilliment of a pii- eook n. 
 rer religion ; and to expend and devote their lives, ^«-^"^^ 
 a£livity, and riches, to lUpport and maintain the 
 liberty of the Proteflants, in oppofition to every 
 mode of hollility, and every pretence of domina^ 
 tion. 
 
 What they had dreaded did not fail to hap- t^},c Qneeq 
 pen ; the articles of the treaty were violated. — brtlhTher 
 Immediately upon the difperfion of the troops of *g''""^^""« 
 the Congregation, the Queen Regent entered 
 Perth ^ith French foldiers in her retinue, who 
 firing into the houfe of a citizen of known zeal 
 for the Reformation, killed his fon, A multi- 
 tude of outrages haraffed and infulted the inhabi- 
 tants. Many of them were driven into exile, and 
 large fums of money were extorted from others. 
 The magiflrates were difmiiTed, to make way for 
 men devoted to the Queen Regent and to Popery. 
 And four companies of foldiers were left as a gar- 
 rifon to the town ; and they were enjoined not 
 to permit the exercife of any religion but that of 
 Rome. Such rude and inclement breaches of the 
 treaty filled the people with horror, and {hewed 
 the Qiieen Regent to be inflexible. But while 
 ihe thus gave a mortal wound to her honour, ftie 
 acquired a political advantage of fome importance. 
 
 Ihe 
 
158 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. The town of Perth, from its fituation, and the 
 ^^y^^"^ ftrength of its walls, was convenient for receiving 
 troops from difl'erent quarters of the kingdom. 
 Its inhabitants were warlike; and while they were 
 awed by the garrifon, it flruck a terror into the 
 country around, which was affectionately difpo- 
 fed towards the Proteflants *. 
 
 The Earl of No cvcnts could havc happcnded more oppor- 
 
 Aigy\e and 
 
 the Lord tuuely to allurc the Earl of Argyle and the Lord 
 
 James Stu- 
 
 srt leave Tamcs Stuart to take upon them openly the com- 
 
 the court. *' r r j 
 
 mand of the Proteftants. They could not but re- 
 fent the crafty condu£t of the Queen Regent, and 
 they were bound by promifes to the Congrega- 
 tion. When (lie was informed that they had 
 withdrawn from her interefls, (he fummoned them, 
 by their allegiance, to appear before her council. 
 They faid, that they could no longer confide in 
 her friendfhip, fmce flie could fubmit to break 
 conditions which they had ftipulated upon the 
 rectitude of her intentions, and the weight of her 
 authority. This anfwer did not give fatisfa^tion ; 
 and dreading fome exploit of the French troops, 
 which were confiderable in number, and for- 
 midable from their difcipline, they prepared to col- 
 let 
 
 Knox, p. 148. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I59 
 
 II' — 
 
 left the ftrength of the Congregation, and to in- Book l', 
 Ipirit thear paflions. i^^^. 
 
 All the indiiftry and rhetoric of the preachers Thepreach. 
 were exerted, in the mean while, to throw the the peoJE! 
 people into combuftion. John Knox fignahzed mL oTS- 
 himfelf at Crail. He admoniilied the Proteftants houS 
 of the double dealing of the Queen Regent, and 
 that no faith was to be paid to her moll folemn 
 declarations. He urged them to avoid the delu- 
 fion of fmiles and promifes, and to animate them- 
 felves to war. When peace could not be com- 
 pafTed by contrafts, it was to be ellabliihed by 
 arms. They muft humble the pride of the Queen 
 Regent, and expel the French from the kingdom, 
 who had influenced her not only to perfecute the 
 Refomaed, but to attempt the overthrow of the 
 ancient liberties of their nation. There were be- 
 fore them, on the one hand, idolatry and fervi- 
 tude ; and on the other, viftory and death. Put- 
 ting their fwords into their hands, it was nov; 
 their bufinefs to build up the fabric of religion, 
 or to fall like men. Moved by his exhortations, 
 the people, in the excefs of their fury, proceeded 
 to pull down the altars and images of their town, 
 and to demolifli all the other monuments of idol- 
 atry. Mr Knox continuing his labours, preached 
 
 at 
 
I(30 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book h. at Anflruther j and there the people, animated 
 ij59' ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^"^^ paffions, exercifed the fame violence. 
 He prepared to pour out the tide of his eloquence 
 in the cathedral church of St Andrews. The 
 Archbifliop threatened his deflrudHon, and was 
 ready to oppofe him with a hundred men at arms. 
 The Queen Regent and the French troops were 
 at Falkland, at the diftance only of twelve miles. 
 His friends, apprehcnfive for his fafety, applied 
 their earneit folicitations to difTuade him from his 
 attempt. Nor threats, nor dangers, nor friendfliip 
 could prevail. The inhabitants were, to a man, 
 favoui-able to the Congregation. The Archbi- 
 fiiop had prudence, and retreated. Mr Knox, 
 mounting the pulpit, harangued from that por- 
 tion of the gofpel which treats of the eje<5tion of 
 the buyers and the fellers from the temple. He com- 
 pared the corruption which deformed Jerufalem 
 to the abomination of Popery in Scotland ; and 
 from the fact related of Jefus Chrift, he inferred 
 tlie duty of thofe to whom God had committed 
 power and authority. The Magiftracy were for» 
 ward to underlland him ; and their example ur- 
 ged the ravages of the people. All the churches 
 of St Andrews were inflantly divcfled of their or- 
 naments and grandeur, ajid the monafkries of 
 
 the 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. l6l 
 
 the Francifcan and Dominican friars were levelled book ir. 
 with the ground *, 1559^'^ 
 
 The C)ueen Regent, indignant and aflonlflied, Hoaiiepre- 
 gave orders for the French ti*oops, and a body of the Queen 
 her Scottilli fubjecfts, to march to St Andrews ; theYords 
 and direfted proclamations to be fent through the giegution. 
 adjacent country, to command all the fencible 
 men to appear in arms at Couper. The Lords 
 of the Congregation, to difappoint hei" operations, 
 difpatched mefTengers to their adherents, and, in 
 the mean time, advanced expeditioufly to Couper, 
 with an attendance only of one hundred horfe, 
 and as many foot. But fo ardent was the zeal 
 of the Congregation, that in the morning after 
 their march, the leaders of the Proteilants found 
 'their force to be fully three thoufand fighting 
 men. The two armies approached. The Lords 
 of the Congregation chofe their ground with ad- 
 vantage. A fmall river ran before them ; and 
 pieces of ordnance were placed on its banks. — ^ 
 The Lord Ruthven, with the horfemen, was in 
 the van. The main body, or the battle, uftder 
 other Lords, confided of the gentlemen of Angus, 
 Y Mems, 
 
 Buchanan, Hift. Rcr. Scot. lib. xvi. Spotfwood, p. 
 123, 124. Knox, p. 149, 150, 
 
l62 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 - — ' 
 
 Book ti. Mcms, Fife, and Lothian. The rear was compo- 
 ^^jj_ pofed of the inhabitants of Dundee, St Andrews, 
 and Coupar ; and at fome diilance from this body, 
 the foIlo\ters of the camp were ported in fuch a 
 ' manner as to give them the appearance of an auxi- 
 liary band. In the army of the Queen Regent, 
 Monfieur D'Oyfel commanded the French troops, 
 and the Scottifii foldiers were led by the Duke of 
 Chattellerault. A fog obftru£ted for fome hours 
 the two armies from obferving one another with 
 exa£lnefs. But when the air began to grow clear, 
 the Generals of the Queen Regent were inform- 
 ed of the order and military afpeft of the Congre- 
 gation. They fufpe^led themfelves to be of infe- 
 rior ftrength ; and they dreaded a mutiny of their 
 Scottifh foldiers, many of whom being Prote- 
 llants, were averfe from fighting for Frenchmen 
 and Popery, againfl: their friends, their country- 
 men, and their religion. The Queen Regent, 
 yielding to the necelTity of her fituation, inftru(5l- 
 ed the Duke of Chattellerault to treat for a peace. 
 To the CommifTioners whom he fent for this pur- 
 pofe, the Lords of the Congregation remonftra- 
 fed, in a fpirited ftrain, upon the little refpeft 
 which could be paid to the promifes of the Queen 
 Regent, and upon the danger which threatened 
 the civil liberties of the nation, from the entertain- 
 ment 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 163 
 
 nient of French mercenaries. They alfo took the book ii.. 
 opportunity to affert, that inftead of being enemies ^J^C*^ 
 to peace and order, they were ready to aft for 
 their eflablilhment, whenever the French troops 
 ihould be difmilTed out of Scotland, and whene- 
 ver a fecurity was given that no violence fliould 
 be employed againft the Proteilants. It was an- 
 fwered for the Queen Regent, that flie could not 
 difmifs the French foldiery without infulting the 
 King of France ; and that it did not confifl with 
 her honour to give any fecurity but her word for 
 the proteftion of the Proteflants. Upon thefe 
 terms no formal or laftino- treaty could be conclu- 
 
 ^ June ^:^ 
 
 ded. A truce, however, was entered into, in a truce is 
 
 agreed u- 
 
 which it was (lipulated, that the French troops pon- 
 fhould inflantly pafs the Forth ; and that before 
 the expiration of eight days, the Queen Regent 
 iliould fend certain noblemen to St Andrews, to 
 adjuil finally with the Lords of the Congregation - - 
 the articles of an effeftual peace *. 
 
 In compliance with this convention, the leaders But is bro. 
 
 of the Proteflants difbanding their troops, pro- q^cJLL 
 
 ceeded to St Andrews, to wait for the commif- ^''"^* 
 fioners of the Queen Regent, Upon her part, 
 
 Y 2 flie 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. VII: 
 
l6'4 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book Tf, flie WLis fo far faithful to it, that flie conveyed o- 
 j^^j. ver the Forth her French troops and artillery. — 
 But the truce expired, and no noblemen appeared 
 at St Andrewsto treat with the Congregation. — 
 Complaints, mean while, were perpetually circu- 
 lating of the fuiferings endured by the Proteftants 
 at Perth, from the garrifon which flie had ftation- 
 ed there, in oppofition to her former paction and 
 agreement. The Earl of Argyle and the Lord 
 James Stuart, attentive to the caufe they had e- 
 fpoufed, requefledearneflly by letter the diflodge- 
 ment of this garrifon, and the reftoration of the 
 inhabitants to their jufl liberties *. No anfwer, 
 however, was returned to them. A treachery fo 
 fyflematic and incurable, and which involved in 
 it fo great a portion of contempt, exhaufted all 
 the patience, and inflamed to its utmofl height, 
 
 the 
 
 * By the fpirit of the treaty of Perth, it was underftood 
 ihat no foldiers of any kind fhould be left in that city. And 
 in their letter to the Queen Regent, thefe nobles inform her, 
 that, " under the defcription of French foldiery, they in- 
 " eluded Scottifli men, or natives of any country whatever, 
 »* taking wages of the King of France." Knox, p, 153.— 
 It may therefore be concluded, tliat the garrifon of Perth 
 were not in Scots pay. The oppofite conclufion is drawn, in- 
 deed, by Mr Huaie, but without any probability. This au- 
 thor has alfo inferred, that even though they had been in 
 
 French 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 the rage of nobles confcious of importance and book ti. 
 power * I jjy. 
 
 A RESOLUTION was taken to expel the garrifon -phe fiejje 
 from Perth, and to relieve the inhabitants. The 
 Lords of the Congregation buckled on their ar- 
 mour. The diflricls of Fife, Angus, Merns, and 
 
 Strathern, 
 
 French pay, they were yet 7iatioiial troops ; a fancy which 
 is equally fallacious. For by the conflitution of Scotland, no 
 Handing body of mercenaries could be upheld by the fove- 
 reign ; and the national troops were the feudal and the al- 
 lodial militia. It is upon thefe foundations that he would 
 defend the Queen Regent as guiltlefs of any violation of the 
 treaty of Pertli ; an attempt altogether imprafticable, but 
 \vhich fuited the defpotical maxims he inculcates in his work, 
 and which permitted hkn to lufinuate improper reflections a- 
 gainft the Reformers. His political fentlraents, however, 
 operated here more than his religious creed. For a writer 
 may do complete juflice to the adors in the Reformation, 
 without being fufpeclcd of fanaticifm, or even of Chrillian- 
 ity. Hiil- of England, 8vo. vol. v. p. 30. 
 
 * Throkmorton, writing upon the views of the French 
 ^o Secretary Cecil, has this paiTage, " Butomcourt, which, I 
 •' think paffed through to England, had in charge to will the 
 '' Queen Douagier of Scotland to cpnform herfelf to the 
 «' Scots proceedings in religion, and to diflemble with them ; 
 ** fuppofing that to be the bed meane to work thyr purpofes. 
 *' I pray youe, the Scotts may be advcrtifed of this diifimu- 
 " lation of the Queen Douagier, and to what end it is dent." 
 Forbesj vol. i. p. 183. 
 
l66 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Boose H. Strathern, furnillied them with an army. They 
 ^Qi^ marched to Perth, and commanded the magiftrates 
 and the garrifon to make it open to all her maje- 
 Ity's fubjedls. It was anfwered, that the town 
 would be maintained for the Queen Regent. The 
 Earl of Huntley, the Chancellor, haflened, by her 
 commiflion, to intreat the alTociated Lords to de- 
 lay the fiege for a few days. They told him that 
 they would not delay it for one hour ; and that 
 if a fmgle Protefhant fliould be killed in the af- 
 fault, the garrifon Ihould be put indifcriminately 
 to the fword. The offended Chancellor depart- 
 ed fullenly, without bidding them adieu. A new- 
 invitation called upon the magiftrates and the gar- 
 rifon to furrender ; who, being in hopes of relief, 
 repeated the anfwer they had firll given. The 
 batteries of the Congregation were now applied 
 to the town ; and the fears of the befieged encrea- 
 fmg as their expeftations of affiftance died 
 away, they beat a parley, and offered to fur- 
 render within tv/elve hours, upon the condition 
 that the captains and foldiery fliould be per- 
 mitted to retire with their colours flying. Thefe 
 terms were accepted ; and the town was thus, 
 without the efTufion of blood, reflored to 
 
 its 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 167 
 
 its liberties, and to the exercife of the Reformed Book tl ' 
 faith*. X5j!9. 
 
 The zeal of the Congregation was lifted by The Abbey 
 this exploit. They thought of deftroying the Pa- of scooVaA 
 lace and Abbey of Scoon, which were at a little 
 diftance from Perth. It was in vain that their 
 leaders interefted themfelves to fave them. Even 
 the rhetoric of John Knox was here ineffeftual. 
 An enraged multitude fet lire to thefe (lately edi- 
 fices ; and while the flames were afcending, an 
 old woman v/as heard to exclaim — " See how 
 " the judgments of God are juft ( No authority 
 *' is able to fave where he will punifli. This place, 
 " in my memory, has been nothing elfe but a fmk 
 *' of whoredom. It is incredible to think, how 
 *' many wives have been allured to adultery, and 
 *' how many virgins have been defiovv^ered by the 
 " filthy beads foftered in this den f !'* 
 
 It was now to be dreaded that the Congrega- R^^acres cf 
 
 Tnpro- ''^^^}"- 
 vinces. ^'^'"''"S- 
 
 tion would carry their arms into the fouthern pro- gJ^K^Sonat 
 
 * Lesly de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 209. Knox, 
 p. 154. Spotfwood, p. 125. Buchanan, Hift. Rer. Scot, 
 lib. xvi. 
 
 f Ksox, p. 156. 
 
l63 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book h. vinccs. Tlic QuecD Regent was therefore impa- 
 ^^C^ tient to throw a garrifon into Stirling, and to pof- 
 fefs herfelf of its bridge, which was the only one 
 over the Forth. But the Earl of Argyle and the 
 Lord James Stuart, apprized of her intention, pre- 
 fented themfelves at Stirling, the very morning 
 after the demolition of the Palace and Abbey of 
 Scoon. The people, animated by their prefence, 
 applied themfelves to mifchief and deflruftion.— 
 All the monafteries in the town and its neighbour- 
 hood were pulled to the ground. The fine Ab- 
 bey of Cambufkenneth, fituated in the midfl of a 
 valley on the north bank of the Forth,, could not 
 preferve itfelf from their fury. The gloomy Pro^ 
 teftant walked over its ruins. 
 
 AtLm- After paffing three days at Stirling, the Con- 
 
 £duiburg"i. gregation marched to Linlithgow, whence, after 
 having committed their ufual havock, they advan- 
 ced to Edinburgh. The Queen Regent, ftruck 
 v.ith terror, fled from her capital to Dunbar. — ■ 
 The Lord Seaton, the Provofl, undertook the pro*, 
 tedlion of the Black and Grey Friars, and aban- 
 doned the refolution he had taken. Whatever' 
 was facred in the monafteries was deftroyed ;— • 
 whatever was valuable was taken away as fpoil. 
 
 At 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 169 
 
 At Edinburgh the Congregation determined Book if. 
 to remain for fome time. After their bold pro- i^(^ 
 ceedings, it was proper to deliberate concerning teilLusTike 
 the fteps of their future conduft. When they Jite' t'" 
 had purified the churches from the pollutions of ^'^'"^"'e^I' 
 Popery, it was their firft care to appoint preach- 
 ers, who might expound to the people the purer 
 doctrines of Chrifliianity. They then polFefled 
 themfelves of the mint, and the inflruments of 
 coinage, upon the pretext, that the damping of 
 bafe money had raifed, to an extravagant rate, all 
 the ncceffary provifions of life. 
 
 In the ardour of fuccefs, the Congregation were Theproda- 
 
 . . mation of 
 
 meditatmg more extenfive exertions of power, the Queen 
 when the Queen Regent, unable to difpute with 
 them in the field, attempted, by a manifeflo or 
 proclamation, to awaken the minds of the people 
 to a lively fenfe of their allegiance, and to exhibit 
 the moll odious reprefentation of her adverfaries. 
 She declared, that the Proteftants, calling them- 
 felves the Congregation, were a feditious multi- 
 tude, who, under the fhow and cover of religion, 
 were feeking the fubverfion of the government ; 
 {he appealed to the ilrong actions which they had 
 atchieved ; Ihe commanded them to leave Edin- 
 burgh within fix hours at the farthefl j and flie 
 2 enjoined 
 
170 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Rook II. enjoincd the fubjefts of Scotland to avoid their 
 i^jj. foci'ety, under the penalty of treafon*. Befide 
 having confpired againil the authority of the 
 Queen Regent, it was indullriouily reported, that 
 it was a part of their intention to deprive the 
 Duke of Chattellerault and his heir of their right 
 of fuccelTion to the crown, and to raife to the fo- 
 vereignty the Lord James Stuart f. When the 
 truth is not to be perceived with certainty, fufpi- 
 cions have their full force ; and the Queen Re- 
 gent having likewife exprcffed in her proclama- 
 tion her defire that the difputes about religion 
 fhould be fettled and determined by the three e- 
 ftates, an uncommon refpe£l, notwithftanding her 
 former artifices, feems to have been paid to her 
 declarations. Attachment to the eftabliilied go- 
 vernment, the fympathy which is felt for grandeur 
 
 in 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. IX. 
 
 f Throkmorton to Sec. Cecil. " I am fecretly inforra- 
 ** cd, that there is a party in Scotland for the placing of the 
 *' Prior of Saynte Andrewes in the ftate of Scotland j and 
 *♦ that he himfeif doth by all the fecret means he can afpire 
 ** thereunto ; whereof I thought to give youe knowledge, as 
 ** well for the more certain underflanding of the fame, as for 
 *♦ further confideration to be had what the Queen's MajeHy 
 *♦ hath to do in this cafe." Forbes, State Papers, vol. i. 
 page 180. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I7I 
 
 in diflrefs, the averfion from trouble that is natii- book it. 
 rally produced by the indolence and the fears of 
 
 1559- 
 
 mankind, all operated in her favour. The Con- 
 gregation loling fomewhat of their popularity, and 
 being permitted to languifh in inaftion and idle- 
 nefs, the fpirit of difunion came to prevail among 
 them to a confiderable degree ; and many retired 
 to feek comfort and fecurity in their own homes. 
 The neglefi: of forming them into a regular body 
 under military difciphne, and of ellabliiliing a fund 
 for their maintenance, added its influence to thefe 
 diiFerent fources of decline ; and when the Proteil- 
 ants appeared to have gained every thing, by ha- 
 ving forced the Queen Regent from her capital, 
 they were tottering on the brink of a precipice. 
 
 The Congregation did not fail to vindicate The Pro- 
 themfelves from the charges imputed to them. — flnthl ?n- 
 
 tegrit 
 
 inten- 
 
 tions. 
 
 In an addrefs to the Queen Regent, they difclaim- SETnt'ei 
 ed all intentions hoftile to the Hate and to its po- 
 lity ; and affirmed, that the only objects in their 
 view were the advancement of the true religion, 
 and the prote<ftion of its followers againfl the vio- 
 lence and paffions of their enemies *. To give 
 Ilrength to their aifertions, they offered to ex- 
 Z 2 plain 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. X. 
 
\']1 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. phi II them by the moft refpe(5lable members of 
 j^^j,, their aflbciation, in the prefence of the Queen Re- 
 gent luerfelf, if a free accefs were permitted to her 
 perfon. A fafe condu6t: brought their deputies 
 before her. They enhirged to her upon the aver- 
 ments and good intentions of the Congregation ; 
 but (lie being defirous of protrafting the time in 
 fruitlefs treaty, affe^led ftill to have- doubts, and 
 defired that the Earl of Argyle and the Lord James 
 Stuart, as the leaders of the party, might be fent 
 to her. 
 
 Conference To the Congregation it appeared a dangerous 
 
 iio^cT'^'-" experiment to confide fo far in the virtue of the 
 
 <JiTeVRe- Queen Regent, as to entruft their leaders to her 
 
 fhe"congre- difcrctiou ; and, as it was known that defigns a- 
 
 £^"°'" gainft their lives had been meditated in the court, 
 
 their referve and prudence are worthy of applaufe. 
 
 But that they might not feem to negleft her requefl 
 
 altogether, they agreed, that the Earl of Argyle 
 
 and the Lord James Stuart, fliould meet with 
 
 her friends in a place not expofed to fufpicion, and 
 
 with an equal number of attendants upon each 
 
 fide. The Queen Regent named for her commif- 
 
 fioners the Duke of Chattellerault, the Earl of 
 
 Huntly, the Lords Erlkine and Somerville, Mr 
 
 Cavin Hamilton, Abbot of Kilwinning," and the 
 
 Juflice 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I73 
 
 Juftice Clerk. Upon the part of the Congrega- Book it. 
 tion there were appointed the Earls of Argyle 
 
 IJ59- 
 
 and Glencairn, the Lords Ruthven, Boyde, and 
 Ogikree, the Lord James Stuart, and the Barons 
 Dun and Pittarow. One hundred perfons at- 
 tended refpeftively, the deputies of the C)ueen Re- 
 gent and the Proteftants, who held their confe- 
 rence at Prefton in Eafl Lothian. But though 
 they dehberated together during a whole day, 
 they could reach no conclufion j for the Commif- 
 fioners for the Queen Regent, while they feemed 
 willing to yield to the free exercife of the Protell- 
 ant faith, yet infifled, that in v/hatever place flie 
 prefented herfelf, the preachers fliould be filent, 
 and that the mafs only fliould be celebrated ; and 
 for the Congregation it was contended, that this 
 was in effe6t to deprive them of a church, as by 
 changing the place of her refidence, (he might to- 
 tally deflroy their form of worfliip, or make a 
 mockery of it. 
 
 After this vain parade of a conference, the The Prc 
 
 ^ ^ teftantsferd 
 
 commillioners for the ConCTeaation, Hill difpofed an.eiiugeto 
 
 ^ -^ ' ^ the Queen 
 
 to proceed in the bulinefs, and to bring it to an R^ge"-- 
 ilTue, addrefled themfelves, by two of their num- 
 ber, to the Queen Regent. They informed her, 
 that they would never confent that the preachers 
 
 fliould 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. fliQuId bc Condemned to filence upon any account, 
 or that the true religion flioukl yield and give 
 
 1559' 
 
 way to Popery and fuperflition. They therefore 
 requefted the hberty of v/orfliipping God accord- 
 ing to their own confciences ; and, as the intro- 
 .du(5lion of foreign troops into the country was in- 
 confiftent with Hberty, they intreated her folemn 
 promife to abftain from this dangerous poHcy in 
 the future, and that the French foldiers now in the 
 kingdom fliould be inftantly removed. They af- 
 fured her, that upon thefe conditions, they were 
 ready to furnifli her with fliips and money for 
 tranfporting them to France, and would fwear to 
 the Almighty God, to ferve and fupport her to 
 the utmoft extent of their power. They faid, that 
 they were not averfe from her calling the preach- 
 ers into her prefence, that all objeftions to their 
 lives and dodrines might be ftated and examined ; 
 and they took the freedom to fuggeft, that a le- 
 ga parliament was the mod proper and conftitu- 
 tional method of terminating all their differences, 
 with this limitation, that the bilhops, as parties, 
 fliould be made to with-hold their- influence and 
 voices. Upon thefe topics the Queen Regent 
 did not enter ; flie replied in general terms, that 
 
 fhc 
 
tion. 
 
 OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 1 75 
 
 {he wiflied in an earnefl manner for tranquillity Book if. 
 and peace . 1559, 
 
 The ambiG;uity and art of the Queen Reo^ent The Qucai 
 could not poflibly efcape the difcernment of the marches a- 
 
 * ■' -^ gainlt the 
 
 leaders of the Congregation ; and upon this ac- ^o^s"" 
 count it is difficult to explain their fluggifli coun- 
 cils. Attempts were making to divide them, and 
 their troops were difperfmg themfelves. The 
 Queen Regent was rifmg in confequence, and was 
 ftill warmly averfe from the work of a Reforma- 
 tion. They were fmking into weaknefs, and were 
 unprepared to defend the capital, though they 
 had refolved to continue in it. After amufmg 
 them with negociation, flie excited their terror by 
 arms. Leaving Dunbar, (lie marched towards J^^'y ^^ 
 Edinburgh. Their perplexity was infinite. Col- 
 lecting the few friends who remained with them, 
 the leaders of the Congregation proceeded to 
 Leith, to join their adherents there. But Leith 
 had already furrendered itfelf to the Queen Re- 
 gent. They returned to Edinburgh, and were 
 told by the Lord Erikine, the Governor of its 
 caflle, that he W'ould treat them as enemies, if 
 they&ould prefume to interrupt her entry into 
 
 her 
 
 * Kmox, p. 158, 160. Sporfwood, p. 
 
tyC HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book 11. her capital. In this extremity they were inclined 
 1559- ^o enter into articles of accommodation. A trea- 
 concTuded.*^ ty accordingly was ratified. 
 
 It was flipulated upon the part of the Congre- 
 gation, that the town of Edinburgh ftiould be o- 
 pen to the Queen Dowager and her attendants ; 
 that the Palace of Holyrood-houfe, and the inflru- 
 ments of coinage, iliould be delivered up to her ; 
 and that the Proteftant Lords and people fliould 
 be obedient to her authority and the laws, fiiould 
 abflain from all injury to Papifts, and fliould em- 
 ploy no violence againft churches, religious houfes, 
 and images. Upon the part of the Queen Re- 
 gent it was agreed, that the inhabitants of Edin- 
 burgh fliould adopt the Reformed religion or Po- 
 pery at their pleafure; that no garrifon of French 
 or Scottifh mercenaries fliould be flationed within 
 ' this city ; and that, in other places of the king- 
 dom a fimilar latitude with regard to belief and 
 religious exercife fliould be given to the Protefl- 
 ants and to their preache^-s *. 
 
 Amidst 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 128. Knox, p. 162. 
 
 This accommodation or truce, which was concluded upon 
 the 24th day of July 1559, was only to be effeflual till the 
 lOth day of January 1560. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I77 
 
 Amidst all the candour and liberality which ap- book ii. 
 jpear on the fide of the Queen Regent in this trea- i^.^,,. 
 ty, there is no mention of the removal of the SnccmfiTg^ 
 French foldiers out of the kingdom, and of her niercitiarL's 
 obligation that no foreign troops ftiould be 
 brought into it without the confent of the three e- 
 flates. Yet it is certain, that an article to this 
 purpofe was inferted in the original fchedule, or 
 inftrument which the lords of the Congregation 
 communicated to her as the foundation and boun- 
 dary of their agreement *. The conftant jealoufy 
 entertained of fuch troops on the one hand, and 
 the perpetual anxiety to uphold them manifefted 
 on the other, are a decifive evidence of the dan- 
 ger which they threatened to the independency oF 
 the nation. And, it ought not to efcape remark, 
 that the day after the ratification of this treaty, 
 the duke of Chattellerault and the Earl of Hunt- 
 ley, the friends of the C)ueen Regent, contrived 
 to have a private interview with the leaders of the 
 Congregation ; in which they engaged themfelves 
 to defert her intereft, and to join the Proteflants, 
 if llie fliould depart from her ftipulations in the 
 fmallefl degree 5 or, if counteraffting the general 
 willies of the people, ilie fliould continue in an 
 A a obllinate 
 
 f Knox, p. 163. 
 
178 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 ' — "t <t 
 
 Book II. obflinatc refolution to maintain her French 
 
 A SUSPICION of the defpotic intentions of the 
 Queen Regent, which ihe had been too careful 
 to encourage, a jealoufy of France, the free genius 
 of the Gothic or mixed form of government, and 
 the high pride and fpirit which animated the feu- 
 dal nobles, all confpired to fofter an indignant 
 contempt, and a fearful hatred of bands of fol- 
 diers, who knew war in no other light than as a 
 profeflion ; who receiving a conftant pay, were 
 ever ready to aft for it ; and who, in drawing 
 their fwords, obferved no dillinftions of right, but 
 fought in a blind fubferviency to the caprices and 
 the mandate of a mailer. 
 
 The death While thcfc cvents were in full operation, 
 ^""^^ ■ Henry II. King of France, died of a wound recei- 
 ved in a tournament. By the advice of the Con- 
 ftable Montmorency, he had fent into Scotland 
 James Melvil, a perfon of capacity and addrefs, 
 in order to acquire an intimate knowledge of its 
 affairs, and to penetrate into the fecret intentions 
 of the Lord James Stuart, who was fufpefted 
 of aiming at the fovereignty. But when Mr 
 Melvil, after executing his commiiTion, had return- 
 ed 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I79 
 
 ed to Paris, this Monarch was languiihing at the Book jr. 
 point of death. What poUtical confequences ^"^^^C^ 
 might have refulted to Scotland from this embafly, 
 it is impoffible to determine with infaUible certain- 
 ty. Our hiftorians, indeed, from a vain conjec- 
 ture of advantage, and from a change of fyftem 
 in Scottifli affairs, which was never adopted, have 
 vied in tender expreflions of regret for the death 
 of Henry II. It is not probable, however, that 
 the profperity of Scotland had been ever any 
 ferious objeft of his thought or care. The great 
 current of French politics bore with violence a- 
 gainfl: the freedom of the Scottifli government, 
 and againil the Proteftant religion *. Henry did 
 not want a fufficient portion of bigotry. He 
 wore obfequioufly the chains of the Duchefs of 
 Valentinos, who had been the concubine of his 
 father, Francis I. but who retained to an advanced 
 age all the bewitching allurements of beauty.— 
 The Conflable Montmorency was the flave of her 
 fa£lion ; and of this lady it is known, that flie 
 was a mortal enemy to the Reformed, and a fincere 
 friend to perfecution^ 
 
 A a s The 
 
 See Colledlion of State Papers publifhed by Dr Forbes, 
 
Book II. 
 
 1 80 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 The violent counfels which Henry II. had en- 
 
 ^^^^^"^■^ couraged ip the Queen Regent, did not fufFer any 
 .ff'^Fran^'is abatement under his fucceflbr, Francis II. The 
 toth^"^ Princes of Lorraine, taking an unlimited advan- 
 Fr° nc"e **^ ^^S^ ^^ ^^^ extreme weaknefs of this Prince, and 
 tationTrr' ^^ t^^ f^^^^ affeftion which their niece, the C)ueen, 
 Re ^t"" ^0^^ ^^ them, advanced themfelves beyond the 
 ftation of minifters. The Conftable Montmoren- 
 cy, who, during a portion of the reign of Henry 
 II. had furpafled them in power, was now in dif- 
 grace. Infligated by an ungovernable ambition, 
 they ufurped the exercife of all the powers of the 
 Kings of France. To the Queen Regent they 
 communicated the infulting infolence of their 
 pride. They enjoined her to proceed in the def- 
 perate courfes upon which flie had entered ; and 
 animating her hopes, and flattering her courage, 
 gave her the affurance of an aid, which ihould be 
 able not only to overpower every effort of her 
 enemies, and to eflablifli Popery on the firmed 
 foundation, but to fubje^l: Scotland to a military 
 defpotifm, and to be a dependent province of 
 France. 
 
 The Lords These important events, the death of Henry, 
 grega'tion"" ^^d the advancement of Francis, did not pafs un- 
 "^'"'ii^l, obferved by the leaders of the Proteftants. Af- 
 ter 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. lOl 
 
 ter having proclaimed, by found of trumpet, the .^"^^^"j 
 particular articles which concerned the Reformed 1^59- " 
 in the late accommodation, or truce, which they 
 had concluded with the Queen Regent, they pro- 
 ceeded to Stirling, where holding a council upon 
 the flate of their affairs, they thought it expe- 
 dient to enter into a new league for the fupport 
 of religion, and for their mutual defence. This covenant! 
 league or affociation was called the Third Cove- 
 nant *. It expreffed the fenfibility which the Con- 
 gregation entertained of the a-aft and treachery 
 of their adverfaries, and their dread of the fair 
 bribes and promifes which might be employed to 
 feparate them from one another, to their utter ruin 
 and deflruftion ; and by the terms of it, they in- 
 dividually engaged themfelves before .God, and 
 by the refpeft which they felt for the true reli- 
 gion, that they fliould refufe to attend the Queen 
 Regent upon any letter or meffage ; and that im- 
 mediately upon the receipt of any notice from her, 
 to any perfon of their number, it fhould be com- 
 municated without referve, and be made a com- 
 mon fubjeft of fcrutiny and deliberation. When 
 cemented by the fan£lion of this new compaft and 
 cath, they formed the refolution of feeking aid 
 
 and 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. XI. 
 
:83 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book ti. and fupport from all Princes whatfoever of the 
 ^"^'^'^^^ Reformed religion, againft the Queen Regent, if 
 it fliould appear that her oppreffions and tyranny- 
 could not in any other manner be oppofed with 
 fuccefs; and they agreed, in tjiis extremity, to ap- 
 ply firfl. to England, upon account of the proxi^ 
 mity of its fituation *, 
 
 The Pro- It was neither the intention nor the interefl of 
 difiuibed in the Queen Regent to engage in hoftilities till the 
 ofhtirVe- arrival of the troops which llie expected from 
 '^^° '' France. 3^^^ could not, however, reflrain her- 
 felffrom difcovering, Vv'ith fome degree of vio* 
 lence, her diffatisfaftion with the Reformed, and 
 with the favourable conceffions which had been 
 granted to them by the late treaty. Before her 
 entry into Edinburgh, the Proteftants had poflef- 
 fed themfelves of the High Church ; and in terms 
 of the truce, which difcharged all moleflation of 
 the preachers, they continued to occupy it. She 
 was yet defirous that this church fliould be refer- 
 ved in apecu'iar manner for her own ufe, and for 
 the exercife of the mafs ; and flie employed the 
 Duke of Chattellerault, the Earl of Huntley, and 
 the Lord Seaton, to procure it from the magiftra,Mi 
 
 cy. 
 
 * Ksox, p. 166. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 1^;^ 
 
 cy. This favour, as might have been expected, book n. 
 was refufed to her. She then requefted, tliat ^>'V"^ 
 the liberty of faying mafs in this church, either 
 before or after the fermons of the preachers, 
 might be granted to the Popiili clergy. It was 
 anfwered, that the Reformed were in poffelTion of 
 the High Church, and that they could never con- 
 fent to have it applied, in any fliape, to the pol- 
 lutions of idolatry. Her defeat in thefe attempts 
 was refented by open infults to the preachers and 
 the Reformed. The French captains and foldiers 
 were ordered to parade in the churches during 
 the time of divine fervice, and to give diflurbance 
 by indecency and noife. It was thought that the 
 preachers might thus be induced to feek more re- 
 tired places for the exercifes of religion ; and that 
 the people might be irritated to break the peace, 
 and aSbrd pretences for accufmg the Reformed 
 of fedition and turbulence *. 
 
 In this precarious and uncertain fituation of the 
 
 A mefler- 
 
 two faftions, Monfieur de la Croc arrived from ?" ^""" 
 
 irom France 
 
 France, to affure the Queen Regent, that a power- ^ar^^dr"^ 
 ful army to fupport her interefts was foon to be Zlhtho^ 
 tranfported into Scotland j and that (lie might f.^*^ ^"^ 
 
 immediately 
 
 * Spotsv.ood, p. 129. Knox, p. 169, 
 
184 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATIOi>I 
 
 BoDK II. immediately expeft a few troops, with money and 
 ^fj^^ ammunition. This envoy was alfo intruded with 
 letters from Francis and Mary to the Lord James 
 Stuart, who was now generally underftood to be 
 the principal leader of the Congregation *. They 
 were full of reproaches, menaces, and, entreaties; 
 and when the Lord James Stuart had perufed 
 them, the envoy informed him, that " the King 
 " his mafter would rather expend all the trea- 
 " fures of France than lofe the gratification of 
 *' his revenge againft the nobles, whofe arts and 
 « rebellion had diflurbed Scotland f." The 
 Lord James Stuart replied to thefe letters with 
 firmnefs, and not without modefty ; acknowledg- 
 ing that he joined himfelf to the Proteftants ; and 
 that, for the glory of God, he was interefted to 
 eftablifh the Reformation ; but intreating them to 
 remember, that, while the invidious name of re- 
 bellion was mifapplied to an aftivity which could 
 boaft the moft facred of all motives, he was in 
 every other refpecfl moft obedient and fubmiflive 
 to the laws {. 
 
 This 
 
 * Leslv dc Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 212. 213. 
 
 •}• Spotswood, p. 131. 
 
 % BucHANAw, Hift. Rcr. Scot, lib* xri. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 185 
 
 This illuflrlous man was the natural fon of Book it 
 James V. by Margaret, the daughter of John 1559. 
 Lord EreJtine. He had been appointed, at an of the 
 
 . -n . r r^ t 1 1 1 Lord James 
 
 early age, to the Priory ot St Andrews ; but he sttuart. 
 polTefled not that pacific mind which, uninterefl- 
 cd in the prefent world, delights to look to the 
 future, and to bufy itfelf in the indolent formali- 
 ties of devotion. The activity of his nature com- 
 pelled him to feek agitation and employment ; the 
 perturbed period in which he lived fupplied him 
 with fcenes of aftion ; and the eminence of his a- 
 bilities difplayed itfelf. He difcovered a paffioji 
 for liberty and a zeal for religion ; and he deftin- 
 guiilied himfelf by an opennefs and fincerity of 
 carriage. Thefe popular qualities pleafed the 
 Congregation, and procured to him their confi- 
 dence. The love of liberty, however, was not, 
 in him the effeft of patriotifm, but of pride ; his 
 zeal for religion was a political virtue ; and un- 
 der the appearance of opennefs and fmcerity, he 
 could conceal more fecurely his purpofes. Power 
 was the idol which he worlliipped ; and he was 
 ready to acquire it by methods the mofl criminal. 
 He was bold, firm, and penetrating. His various 
 mind fitted him alike for intrigue and for war. 
 He was deflined to flourifli in the midft of diffi- 
 culties. His fcigacity enabled him to forefee dan- 
 B b gers. 
 
1 86 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. gers, his prudence to prepare for them, and his 
 ^759^*^ fortitude to furmount them. To his talents, his 
 genius, and his refources, Scotland is indebted 
 for the Reformation. But by this memorable 
 atchievment, he meant nothing more than to ad- 
 vance himfelf in the road to greatnefs. To this 
 point all his a£tions were direfted. It gave the 
 limits to his generofity, which has been extolled 
 as unboimded. His praife, his carefTes, and his 
 • fervices, his dilTimulation, his perfidioufnefs, and 
 his enmities, were all facrifices to ambition. And 
 mifcarriage, which has ravaged fo many laurels 
 from great men, did not tarniih his glory. His 
 fuccefs was fo confpicuous, that he feemed to have 
 the command of fortune. 
 
 The arrival Xhe letters of Francls and Mary are to be con- 
 
 of French ■' 
 
 troops at fidered as an artifice of the Queen Recent, to 
 
 Leith. ^ o ^ 
 
 gain or to intimidate a man whofe fuperior en- 
 dowments made him formidable. She perceived 
 his defedion to be irrecoverable ; and fought a 
 confolation for it in the arrival of a French com- 
 mander, with a body of a thoufand men, and 
 fums of money and military flores. This captain, 
 whofe name was Oftavien, was ordered by her to 
 return to France, to requefl; an immediate rein- 
 forcement of one thoufand foldiers more, with 
 
 one 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 1 87 
 
 one hundred men at arms, and four ihips of war Book ir. 
 to guard the Frith of Edinburgh. And to fti- j^^^. 
 mulate the zeal of Francis and Mary, flie took 
 the opportunity to inform them, that the Congre- 
 gation were foliciting affiftance of men and mo- 
 ney from all the Princes who had embraced the 
 Reformation. With the troops already fent, Ihe 
 prepared to fortify Leith, which might ferve her 
 as a place of refuge, and keep open by its port a 
 communication with other countries *. 
 
 While Oftavien was preparing for his depar- New fu^- 
 ture. La Broffe, a dependant of the Houfe of France, 
 Guife, arrived with two thoufand foot of addi- 
 tional fupplies ; and that the Scots might be de- 
 feated not only by arms but by difputation, he 
 brought with him Pelleve, Bifliop of Amiens, and 
 three Doctors of the Sorbonne f. , It was by the 
 advice of thefe ecclefiaftics that the Queen Re- 
 gent, violating the late convention, deprived the 
 Congregation of the High Church of Edinburgh, 
 which they affe^led to purify from heretical pol- 
 lutions, with a variety of rites, and great oflenta- 
 B b 2 tion 
 
 * Leily, de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 215. 
 
 f Mezeray, Hid. de France, tome iii. p. 16. Spotf- 
 wood, p. 133. 
 
l88 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. tloii of faflcflity. But whatever might be expe£l- 
 ^^^^ ed from their declamations and arguments, they 
 were able only to afford a temporary joy and con- 
 folation to the perfons who were of the Romifh 
 faith. The Proteftants treated their legation with 
 the mofl fovereign contempt, and confidcred their 
 parade and ceremonies, not merely as tricks to 
 flatter and impofe upon ignorance, but as infults 
 to their purer do£lrines, and a profanation of 
 whatever is moil holy in the true religion. 
 
 Matters ar- It was in vain that the Queen Regent now at- 
 laft extre- tempted to difunite the alfociated nobles. Mat- 
 ters had proceeded to the lail extremity. The 
 alarm excited by the French troops, and by the 
 pertinacious obflinacy which was manifefted in 
 fupporting the errors of Popery, fpread through- 
 out the kingdom with violence. A proclamation 
 by the Queen Regent endeavoured to appeafe the 
 apprehenfions of the people, and augmented them. 
 An anfwer to it by the Proteftants gave them 
 new popularity, and furniflied their partizans with 
 arguments and topics of defence. Each faftion 
 laid claim tojuflice, vindicated its own rights and 
 merits, and Vented its reproaches. The fpirit of 
 
 violence, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 189 
 
 vioIence,'dIfunion, and hoflility, was thus difFufed Book il 
 the more *. i^j^^. 
 
 In the mean thne, the Lord James Stuart and The Eari of 
 
 Arran joins 
 
 the Congregation had alTembled anew at Stirling; thePruteft- 
 and here they were joined by the Earl of Arran, 
 the eldefl fon of the Duke of Chattel lerault. — 
 This nobleman, who ,li^ lived for fome years in 
 France, where he commanded the company of 
 Scots gendarmes f, had embraced the Proteftant 
 religion, and rendered himfelf obnoxious to the 
 Princes of Lorraine, who were exercifmg the moft 
 horrid cruelties againft the Reformed. More zea- 
 lous than prudent, he had ufed expreilions on the 
 fubjeft of Popery, which attrafted too much no- 
 tice I The Cardinal of Lorraine marked him out 
 for the flake |(. Not ambitious of martyrdom, 
 
 he 
 
 * Knox, p. 172. 174. 
 
 -j- Daniel, Hift. de la Milice Francoife, tome ii. p. 174. 
 
 :j: Thuanus, Hift. fui Temp. lib. xxiV. 
 
 II It is probable that political reafons concurred with reli- 
 gion to induce the Houfe of Guife to think ofdeftroying 
 the Earl of Arran. His death would put an end to his pre- 
 tcnfions to the crown. It was with tlie greateft anxiety that 
 ihey fought to have him either dead or alive. The conquefl 
 of Scotland was accounted by them as certain ; and, from a 
 
 letter 
 
190 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 BaoK 11. faved himfelf by flight. Revenge and rage a£lu- 
 ^*^ ated him. In uniting himfelf to the Congrega- 
 tion he adopted all their wideft views. He was 
 their friend both as to religion and to liberty j and 
 was eager not only to ereft the banner of the Re- 
 formation upon the ruins of Popery, but to a6l in 
 the total expulfion of the French troops. 
 
 They are When the Earl of Arran communicated his 
 iheDuiJof complaints to the Duke of Chattellerault, he could 
 rau?t.*^ ^' not fail to communicate alfo his refentments. Jo 
 win him completely to the fide of the Congrega- 
 tion was his next ftep ; and it was not difficult. — 
 Doomed by the eafinefs of his temper to be a Pa- 
 pift or a Proteftant in conveniency to his friends, 
 the Duke confented to forfake the party which 
 had honoured him as their leader. Some petty 
 feuds in which he was engaged with the alTocia- 
 ted nobles were foon extinguiilied. His diffatis- 
 faftion with the defpotic defigns of the Queen 
 Regent was improved into a difguft. The fmart 
 
 of 
 
 letter to Queen Elizabeth by her ambaflador Sir Nicholas 
 Throkmorton, it appears, that the Marquis D'Elbeuf was 
 to have gone to Scotland, to refide there in the charafler of 
 its Viceroy. Dr Forbes, CoUedion of State Papers, vol. i. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. igt 
 
 6. ' == 
 
 of injuries offered to his family and greatncfs in- Book if, 
 flamed him againft; France. He had indeed op- ,^^„ 
 pofed the Proteftants, but they were willing to 
 receive him with open arms ; and they were ftrong 
 enough to pr6te6l him. His cafe required no 
 deepnefs of thought ; a force and power of cir- 
 cumflances directed his line of conduft ; and the 
 father and the fon threw their united weight in- 
 to the fcale of the Congregation. 
 
 In this fulnefs of their flrength, the affociated procccj- 
 Lords having deliberated upon the meafures ".Ifrdsof^ 
 which the Queen Regent was purfuing, refolved gatior^'*^ 
 to addrefs to her a common letter of expoftula- 
 tion. They told her that their aftonifliment was 
 greatly excited by her fortifying Leith, expel- 
 ling its natural inhabitants, and planting a colo- 
 ny of foreigners ; and that from this conduft, 
 which had no authority from the three eflates, 
 they could plainly infer her intention to deftroy 
 the liberties of the nation, and to fubjeft ft to a 
 defpotifm. They called upon her to cofider, that 
 thefe fteps were a violation of the fpirit and mean- 
 ing of the late treaty, and an aft of hoflility a- 
 gainft the laws and the conftitution ; and they 
 conjured her to relinquifli a courfe and habit of 
 adminiftration, which muft drive them to the dif- 
 
 agreeablc 
 
ig2 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II *i§r^C'^t)le neccffity of giving their concurrence to 
 K^^y*<J the people, who knew how to punifli all tranf- 
 grelTions of their rights, and to flop the melan- 
 choly approaches of domination and tyranny *. 
 
 »559- 
 
 The du li- ^^^ Queen Regent did not offer to return a- 
 QiLt Re- ^y ^""^*^ ^^ explicit anfwer to this letter. By 
 J^^"'' arts of management and policy fhe laboured to 
 
 conciliate to her the Duke of Chattellerault and 
 the Lord James Stuart. But as the fortifications 
 and military preparations at Leith were conti- 
 nued, all her flrongeft affirmations of attachment 
 to the nation and of refpe£l: to its rights were dif- 
 regarded. The confederated nobles difpatched 
 throughout the country the information of her 
 hoftile defigns, defcribed the impending danger, 
 and called the people to arms. Mutual manifef- 
 toes were now circulated in apology for the con- 
 duct: of the two factions f. 
 
 By a flrong acl of power the Congregation 
 commanded Broughty Caftle to be feized for their 
 ufe ; and after this declfive explanation of their 
 fincerity in their purpofes, they confulted the 
 
 movements 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. XII. 
 ■\ Collection of Records, No. XIII. 
 
dp RELIGION IN- SCOTLANDo 193^ 
 
 movements of their courage, and marched to E- Book ir. 
 dmburgh. The Queen Regent retired from her j^^^ 
 Palace of Holyrood-hoiife, to put herfelf under San^r* 
 the protection of the French troops at Leith. — EuLtur°h. 
 The nobles, that they might not feem to a£i; with- 
 out a pruden-t recolleftion, addrelTed a new ad- 
 monition to her. They defired her to call to her 
 remembrance their late remonflrances upon her 
 fortifying Leith and planting it with foreignerso 
 They alTured her, that they v/ere flill of opinion, 
 that thefe measures indicated a concerted deiign 
 to overthrow the national liberties. They there- 
 fore requefled her to command her Frenchmen 
 and mercenaries to depart from Leith, and to 
 make it open and patent not only to the natural 
 inhabitants, who had been difpdlTed of their 
 houfes, but to all the fubjeAs of Scotland. And 
 they declared, that her refuial of this requifition 
 iliould be held by them as a decifive proof of her 
 projeft to reduce the kingdom to flavery ; and 
 that they were determined to employ all their 
 power to defend and protect the national freedom 
 and independency "*. 
 
 The meffenger of the Congregation was dif- 
 C c miffed 
 
 * CoMECTios cf Records, No. XIV. 
 
jg4 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II. miffed by the Queen Regent without any anfwer; 
 
 ij,19- 
 
 but two days after flic had received this new re- 
 RegeS^^^" monftrance, llie fent to them the Lord Lion King 
 Lord tlon ^^ Arms. He told them, that flie confidered their 
 to them. clenaand and claim, not only as prefumptuous, but 
 as an encroachment tipon the royal authority ; 
 that it was- an indignity to her to be dictated to 
 by fubje(fts ; that Frenchmen were not to be 
 treated as foreigners, as they were intitled to the 
 privileges of Scotfmen ; and that flie would nei- 
 ther difband her troops, nor order the town of 
 Leith to be open and patent. Upon delivering 
 this refolute meffage, the Lord Lion, in her name 
 and by her authority, commanded the Lords of 
 the Congregation to depart from Edinburgh, 
 and to difperfe themfelves, under the pain of high 
 treafon *. 
 
 They dell- An aufwcr (o unequivocal explained the inten- 
 
 bcratc upon 
 
 the condudb tions of the Queen Regent without the poffibili- 
 
 oftheQnccn . . 
 
 Regent, and ty of a doubt. Agitated with this avowed con- 
 deprive her ^ 
 oi her office, tempt of the laws, and with this deliberate infult 
 
 to their rank and to their power, the affociated 
 
 Lords thought of inftant and decifive action.— 
 
 A council of nobles, burons, and burgeffes, was 
 
 affembled ; 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. XV. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I95 
 
 affembled ; and the Lord Ruthven adted as prefi- Book it. 
 dent. Having ftated the preiiiraptuous refufal j^^^. 
 which had been given to the repeated and earnefl 
 felicitations of men who were counfellors and le- 
 giflators, he put this impoi'tant queftion : " Is it 
 " fit, or not, that the Queen Regent fliould con- 
 " troul the commonwealth, and fubjeft the peo- 
 ^^ pie to bondage ?" A deep filence enfued. — 
 The dignity of a citizen in a free nation, the ma- 
 jefty of a chief magiftrate, the abufe of delegated 
 power 5 thefe great confiderations filled every 
 man's mind. Struck with the novelty of their 
 Ctuation, with its grandeur, and with the reve- 
 rence of authority, fome hefitated concerning 
 their right to fufpend the operation of the regen- 
 cy in the abfenc^ of their Sovereign. The cafe 
 appeared to be without any example in the hiftory 
 of Scotland. To the preachers they applied as 
 €0 oracles. John Willocks fpoke of the limita- 
 tion of magiilrates by the word of God, and of 
 the depofition of kings recorded in the Scriptures. 
 John Knox affured them, that the prefervation of 
 tile commonwealth and the incurable fms of the 
 Queen Regent were fufficient reafons for depri- 
 ving her of her high office ; but that in withdraw- ' 
 ing their obedience from her, they did not with- 
 draw from the duty which they owed to their So- 
 C c 2 yereigii. 
 
196 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book il vcreigii. In the courfe of their deliberations e» 
 ^*Q^ very doubt which had been entertained was com- 
 pletely fatisfied ; and at length the vote being cal- 
 led for degrading the Queen Regent, every man 
 was required to give his judgment according to 
 his confcience, and as he was to anfwer to the 
 Almighty God. Every voice pronounced her 
 guilt, and confented to her humiliation. And 
 the nobility, barons and burge'lTes, all agreed and 
 concurred in fubfcribing an cdi<5l which fufpend- 
 ed her commiffion of regency, and removed her 
 from the admiuiftration of the government *. 
 
 Their fen- This cdicl or ordination f was fent to the chief 
 decree. citics of Scotland, and publiflied in them. It re-^ 
 prefented the urgent neceffity of the common- 
 wealth which had given occafion to fo flrong an 
 aft ; and enumerated in detail the oiTences of the 
 Queen Regent. It mentioned her march to> 
 Perth with armed men to punifli the inhabitants 
 who had made a profeflion of the true religion, 
 but who had been convicted of no crime; her ho- 
 flile preparations and proceedings againfl the nobles 
 
 and 
 
 * Spots WOOD, p. 135. 136. 137. Knox, p. 198. Bii- 
 cl-.anar, Hill. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
 , -j- Collection of Records, No. XVI. 
 
197 OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 and barons who had afTociated from motives of 
 
 Book TL 
 
 piety, and againfl whom iio criminal fentence ^.•^'^ 
 had been pronounced ; her Rationing garrifons 
 in particular towns, to the deflniclion of their 
 liberties ; her rem.oval of magiftrates at her plea- 
 lure, and her election of others in their place, in 
 contempt of eftabliflied forms ;, her planting a co- 
 lony of foreigners in a principal ftalion of her 
 Idngdom, with a view to its conquelT:, and with- 
 out the confent of the three eftates ; her deba- 
 fmg the coin, and her circulation of money made 
 of lead, to the impovcriiliment of the realm, and 
 the ruin of all foreign trade ; hei* maintaining 
 flrangers in the great offices of flate, to the ex- 
 treme danger of religious and civil liberty ; her 
 tranfporting the great fcal out of the kingdom^ 
 that it might be put to the mofl inclement ufes ; 
 her altering the old laws and cuftoms by the in- 
 trpdudion of French formalities in the remilHons 
 and pardon of criminals ; her upholding a formi- 
 dable army of mercenaries in oppofition to the 
 nature and fpirit of the government; and, in fine, 
 her determined refolution to refufe all redrefs of 
 injury and grievances. Such were the offences 
 which compelled them to degrade her from au- 
 th6rity and office, and prohibit all the officers of 
 
 ftate 
 
198 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book ti- ftatc from paying any obedience or refpeft to her 
 ^^^yy^ commands. 
 
 IJJ9. 
 
 By tliefe bold proceedings the lords and the 
 commons of the Congregation did not mean to 
 deftroy altogether the operation of the civil go- 
 vernment : they confidered themfelves as forming 
 a council for the adminiftration of affairs under 
 Francis and Mary. Hence, when they difpatched 
 the Lord Lion King at Arms to the Queen Dow- 
 ager with the aft of her deprivation, they took 
 the opportunity to inform her by letter, that they 
 confidered her adminiftration as in a violent hofti- 
 lity to the will of their fovereign Lord and Lady, 
 whofe counfellors they were ; and that it was in 
 their name and authority that tliey had fufpend- 
 ed her from the regency *. 
 
 In the democratical genius of the Scottifli con- 
 flitution, in the importance which diftinguiilied 
 the people from the earlieil times, there is the 
 ftrongeil vindication of this meafure f. Limited 
 by laws, magiftrates, not defpots, even the mo- 
 
 narchs 
 
 * See ColleAion of Records, No. XVI. 
 f See Obferrations concerning the Public JjftW ind the 
 Cortftitutiofitl Hiftory of Scotland* 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 19^ 
 
 narchs of Scotland themfelves when they prefii- eook ir. 
 med to invade the rights of the nation, by their ^■^'^'^^ 
 reprefentatives or in their own perfons, were ex- 
 pofed to the refiftanoe and the correction of the 
 fubjefb. The indignant people might vindicate 
 their priveleges and their honours. Upon flight 
 tranfgreffions they might give the alarm to the 
 fears of their prince, and reprefs by remonflrance 
 the intoxication of his grandeur. Upon greeJt 
 occafions, and in the hard moments of tyranny, 
 they might yield to tlie fullnefs of their rsfent- 
 raants and their wrongs 5 and making him a fa- 
 crifice to juftice, and an inJlruclian to poflerity, 
 conduft him from the thvone to the fcaffold* 
 
 T H R 
 
THE 
 
 k I S T O R Y 
 
 OF THE 
 
 REFORMATION OF RELIGIOM 
 
 IN 
 
 SGGTLAND. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 AFTER depriving the Queen Dowagei* of 
 the regency, the Congregation fummoned ^•vO 
 Leith to furrender, and required its garrifon to Tbe¥r^o- 
 leave the town within the fpace of twelve hours, fummon 
 A defiance being given to their power, and their furrenSr; 
 herald being treated with indignity, fome petty todiiefr 
 ikirmilhes enfued. The confederated nobles now 
 prepared to enter Leith by fcalade j and, for mis 
 fervice, ladders Were framed in the church of St 
 Giles ; a biifinefs which interrupting the preach- 
 ers in the exercife of public worlliip, made them 
 prognoflicate misfqrtune and mifcarriage to the 
 B d Congregation. 
 
202 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book HI. 
 
 Congregation. In the difpleafure of the preach- 
 
 ^^"^^"^ crs the common people found a fource of com- 
 Jj59- . . 
 
 plaint ; and the emilTaries of the Queen Dowager 
 
 a^lhig with indefatigable induftry to divide her 
 adverfaries, and to fpread chagrin and diffatisfac- 
 tion among them, difcontent, animofity, and ter- 
 ror, came to prevail to a great degree. The Duke 
 of Chattellerault, invaded by timidities, difcou- 
 raged many by his example. Defections from 
 the Proteflants added flrength to the Queen 
 Dowager. The mod fecret deliberations of the 
 confederated Lords were revealed to her. The 
 foldiery were clamorous for pay, and it was very 
 difficult to procure money to extinguifh their 
 claims. Attempts to footh and appeafe them, 
 difcovering their confequence, engendered muti- 
 nies. They put to death a domeflic of the Earl 
 of Argyle, who endeavoured tocompofe them to 
 order ; they infulted feveral perfons of rank who 
 difcovered a folicitude to pacify them ; and they 
 even ventured to declare, that, for a proper re- 
 ward, they were ready to fupprefs the Reforma* 
 tion, and to re-eftablifli the mafs *. 
 
 It* 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 138. Knox, p. 200. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 203 
 
 i*—— — — ■— I III I ' 
 
 It was abfolutely necelTary to give fatisfac- Book hi. 
 tion to the Proteftant foldiers. The lords and ^^C^^ 
 gentlemen of the Congregation collected a confi- Jj^^'^y^^nd 
 derable fum among them, but it was not equal to tJ^„S. 
 the prefent exigency. The avarice of many taught 
 them to vvith-hold what they could afford, and 
 the poverty of others did not permit them to in- 
 dulge their generofity. It was refolved, that 
 each nobleman fliould furrender his filver plate, 
 to be flruck into money. By the addrefs, how^ 
 ever, of the Queen Dowager, the officers of the 
 mint were bribed to conceal, or to convey to a 
 diflance, the {lamps and inflruments of coinage. 
 A gloomy defpair gave difquiet to the Congrega- 
 tion, and threatened their ruin. Queen Eliza- 
 beth, with whofe minifters the confederated Lords 
 maintained a correfpondence at this time, had 
 frequently promifed them her alTiftance ; but they 
 could not now wait the event of a deputation to 
 the court of England. In an extremity fo pref. 
 fmg, they therefore applied for a fum of money 
 to Sir Ralph Sadler and Sir James Croft, the 
 governors of Berwick ; and Cockburn of Ormi- 
 flon, who was entrufled with this commiffion, ob- 
 tained from them an aid of four thoufand crowns. 
 Traitors, however, in the councils of the Congre- 
 gation, having informed the Queen Dowager of 
 D d a hia 
 
204 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 i ' t 
 
 Book tif. his ciTand and expedition, the Earl of Bothwel, 
 j^^^^ by her order, intercepted him upon his return, 
 difcomfited his retinue, and made a prize of the 
 Englifli fubfidy *. 
 
 An unfile- To rouzc the fpirit of the party, an attack was 
 tempt a- proje£i:ed upon Leith, and fome pieces of artille- 
 ry were planted againfl it. But before any charge 
 could be made, the French foldiers fallied out to 
 give battle to the troops of the Congregation, 
 poflefied themfelves of their cannon, and drove 
 them back to Edinburgh. A report that the vic- 
 tors had entered this city with the fugitives, filled 
 it with diforder and difmay. The Earl of Ar- 
 gyle and his Highlanders haftened to recover the 
 honour of the day, and harraffed the French in 
 their retreat. This petty conflift, while it elated 
 the Queen Dowager, ferved to augment the de- 
 fpondence of the Proteflants* Their councils were 
 without vigour, and refolutions were no fooner 
 formed than they were abandoned. 
 
 A fecond Vain of their prowefs, the French made a new 
 
 (kjimifli. ^^jiy f^^^ Leith, with a view to intercept a fup- 
 
 ply of provifions and ftores for the Congregation, 
 
 The 
 
 * Kfith, Append. No. i^> 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 205 
 
 The Earl of Arran and the Lord James Stuart Book iir. 
 advanced to attack them, and obliged them to re- ,^^5. 
 tire. But parfuing them with too much heat, 
 a frefli body of French troops made its appear- 
 ance. It was prudent to retreat, but difficult. — 
 An obflinate reliflance was made. It was the ob- 
 je£l: of the French to cut off the foldiers of the 
 Congregation from Edinburgh, and by this means 
 to divide the ftrength of that ftation. The Ear! 
 of Arran and the Lord James Stuart had occa- 
 fion for all their addrefs and courage. Though 
 they were able, however, to effeft their efcape, 
 their lofs was confiderable, and the viftory was 
 manifellly on the fide of their adverfaries *. 
 
 About this time, William Maitland of Leth- secrrtary 
 ington, fecretary to the Queen Dowager, with- join^tTc 
 drew fecretly from Leith, and joined himfelf to titnF^^^° 
 the confederated Nobles. He had been difgufted 
 with the jealoufies of the French counfellors, and 
 was expofed to danger from having embraced the 
 doftrines of the Reformed. His reception was 
 cordial, and correfponded to the opinion enter- 
 tained of his wifdom and experience. He was 
 {killed in bufmefs, adorned with literature, and 
 
 accuftomed 
 
 * BucHAKAN, Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xv*. 
 
^o6 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. accuftomed to refleftion. But, as yet, it was not 
 ^Xy"^ known that his want of integrity was in propor- 
 tion to the greatnefs of his talents, 
 
 The Pro- The acccffion of this ftatefman to their party 
 leave Edin- could not confolc the Lords of the Congregation 
 
 burgh f 
 
 for the unpromifmg afped of their aiFairs. The 
 two difcomfitures they had received funk deeply 
 into the minds of their followers. - Thofe who af- 
 fefted prudence, retired privately from a caufe 
 which they accounted to be dcfperate ; and the 
 tiraerous iled with precipitation. It was to no 
 purpofe that Maitland urged the Proteflants to 
 conilancy, and to maintain their pofl at Edin- 
 burgh. It was in vain that the Lord James Stu- 
 aft exerted himfelf to fl^ew thi propriety of this 
 meafure. The Lord Erikine, who had import- 
 ance from his perfonal charafter, and as the Go- 
 vernor of Edinburgh Caflle, refufed to declare for 
 the Congregation, and made profelTions of neu- 
 trality. The Earls of Huntley and Morton were 
 fuppofed to be friends to the Reformed, but re- 
 mained in fufpence from irrefolution or craftinefs. 
 It was fufpefled, that many perfons of rank were 
 foon to give openly their influence to the Queen 
 Dowager ; and already flie was aflifled by the 
 Earl of Bothwel, and the Lords Seaton and Borth- 
 
 wick*. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 20/ 
 
 wick. The wailings and diflruft of the brethren Eook iit. 
 were mehmcholy and infectious ; and exciting the i^jcj. 
 ridicule and fcorn of the partizans of the Queen 
 Dowager, were thence angmented the more. A 
 diftrefs not to be comforted feemed to have in- 
 vaded the Proteftants ; and the affociated Nobles 
 confented to abandon the capital. A little after 
 midnight they retired from Edinburgh ; and fo 
 great was the panic which prevailed, that they 
 marched to Stirling without any flop or intermif- 
 fion *. 
 
 John Knox, who had accommpanied the Con- They fend 
 gregation to Stirling, anxious to recover their u- '^ England, 
 naniraity and courage, addrelTed them from the 
 pulpit. He reprefented their misfortunes as the 
 confequences of their fins ; and entreating them 
 to remember the goodnefs of their caufe, alTured 
 them, in the end, of joy, honour, and vidory. 
 His popular eloquence, correfponding to all their 
 warmed wiflies, difFufed fatisfaflion and chearful- 
 nefs. They pafTed from difpair to hope. A coun- 
 cil was held, in which tlie confederated nobles de- 
 termined to folicit, by a formal embalTy, the aid 
 of Queen Ehzabeth. Maitland of Lethington, 
 
 and 
 * '■' ■' ' * • I , ' ■ • J,- ..t 
 
 * Knox, p. 205. Spotfwood, p. 139. 
 
2o8 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. and Robert Melvil, were chofen to negociate this 
 iss^ important tranfaftion j and they received tlie ful- 
 left inftruftions concerning the ftate and difficul- 
 ties of the Congregation, the tyrannical defigns of 
 the Queen Dowager, and the danger which threa- 
 tened England from the union of Scotland with 
 France. 
 
 <i3eei? Eli- Though Elizabeth had employed Sir Ralph 
 urged ti Sadler, Sir James Croft, and Thomas Randolph, 
 ance^to'the to watch ovcr the affairs of Scotland, to aftpri- 
 tonf ^*'*" vately with the Congregation, and to fupply them 
 with advice and money, fhe yet affe(5led a flow- 
 nefs of councils, and the formahty of debates. — - 
 The commiflioncrs from the Proteftants vindica- 
 ted the confederated Nobles from the charge of 
 rebellion, and demonftrated, by an hiftorical de- 
 tail of circumftances, that they had been neceffi- 
 tated to take up arms in defence of the govern- 
 ment and liberties of Scotland. They traced the 
 defpotic intentions of France and the Queen Dow- 
 ager, to the marriage of the Queen of Scots 
 with the Dauphin j and in giving the narrative of 
 her adminiftration, they pointed out its tendency 
 in her French counfellors, her French troops^ her 
 perpetual oppofition to the natives of Scotland, 
 her hatred to England, aad her a2e(^oa to France* 
 
 They 
 
•F RELIGION IN SCOTI^AND. 209 
 
 They infifted that the Pioteftants were animated Book itr. 
 by no motives whatever, but the extirpation of ^^, 
 idolatry, and the prefervation of their civil rights. 
 It was to advance thefe falutary ends that they 
 defired the affiflance of England ;- and they offer- 
 ed, in return, the amity of the Scottifli nation. — 
 The two ftates were about to be of the fame re- 
 ligion, and no meafure could contribute fo power- 
 fully to their mutual ftrength and endurance as 
 the effectual coalition of their interefhs. The 
 Congreg-ation were difpofed to enter into a folid 
 and permanent treaty with England. The na- 
 tives of both countries, with a few exceptions) 
 were keen and ftrenuous for this alliance. And 
 in fine, the conqueft of Scotland, if atchieved by 
 French policy and arms, would open a fource of 
 calamities to the Englifli nation, which its utmoft 
 efforts might be unable to refift. The urgency 
 and ftrength of thefe motives, it was contended, 
 could not efcape remark, and muft carry a lively 
 conviftion along with them. It was therefore in- 
 ferred, that Queen Elizabeth ought to prevent 
 the poffibility of future dangers to her kingdom, 
 to give a prefent check to the encroachments of 
 an Stobitious enemy, and to acquire to herfelf 
 an ally, whofe gratitude and attachment would 
 E e compenfate 
 
210 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 -7.- I I • . - .,■;"% 
 
 Book III. compenfatc and reward her fervices and genero- 
 VwAv^w fity*. 
 
 IJ59- 
 
 ^onsTthc To fome of the Englifli ftatefmen it feemed a 
 Stetcfmcn. dangerous precedent, to furnifli aid to fubjefts a- 
 gainft the ruling authority ; and to refufe aiTift- 
 ance to Proteftants fuffering under the opprellions 
 of Papifts, appeared an impiety to others. But 
 Sir William Cecil, weighing profoundly the true 
 interefts of England, fet himfelf to confider the 
 confequences of the eflablifliment of the French 
 power in Scotland. He regarded the French as 
 the inveterate i^nd incurable enemies of England. 
 When they made peace, it was only that they 
 might grow in Itrength, and renew hoftilities 
 with greater efficacy. As their natural refources 
 were immeufe, they foon recovered from difaftera 
 and defeats j and it was not poflible for th«m to 
 be poor or peaceable for any length of years. — 
 The Houfe of Guife had adopted the notion, that 
 the Queen of Scots was the true heir of the En- 
 glifli monarchy ; and they were eager to gain it 
 to France. The infolence with which Henry II. 
 had difputed the title of Queen Elizabeth to her 
 crown and kingdom, was fufficiently known. — 
 
 The 
 
 ^Record ap. Burnet, vol. 3. Append, p. 278; 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. "211 
 
 The burning defire of the French nation to in- Boor hi. 
 vofve her in difficulties and danger, had urged ^-^^''"^' 
 
 iii9- 
 
 them to obtain a bull from Rome, declaring her 
 to be the fruit of an illicit amour ; had engaged 
 them in intrigues againil her with foreign nations ; 
 and had induced their monarchs to ufurp, and to 
 engraVfe on their plate and pageants, the arms of 
 the Queen of England. Their arts, conduft, and 
 practices, were ftrongly expreflive of the moft ho- 
 flile intentions ; and it was not fit that a politic 
 addrefs, and fmooth difguifes, iliould conceal their 
 perfidioufnefs and ambition. While the Scottifh 
 nobles could maintain their importance, and that 
 of their nation, England might truil to its fitua- 
 tion, and naval power, as a firm prote-ftion, and 
 a formidable barrier ; and had little reafon to ap- 
 prehend the invafions of France. But, if Scot- 
 land were fubdued, its force, and the ftrength of 
 the French kingdom, might deftroy altogether 
 the Englifli independency and government. It 
 was from the Scottifli borders that England could 
 be invaded with the furell probability of fuccefs ; 
 it was upon Englifli ground that a fmgle battle 
 might make the crown to totter upon the head of 
 the fovereign ; and the nobles anjd the people in 
 the northern counties were fo much difpofed to 
 Popery, that a fufpicion might juflly be entertain- 
 E e 3 ed 
 
212 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book II L ed of their aiFeftioiis. To remain indolent and 
 ^Tf**'^ fecure till the fchemes of France ripened for ex* 
 edition, and till it could flrike overwhelming 
 blows, was the height of weaknefs and fimplicity. 
 To prevent its approaches to greatnefs, and to 
 employ courage and flratagem againft it, were 
 meafures of manlinefs and wifdora. By entering 
 early upon adion, the war would be confined to 
 Scotland, and an opportunity would be afforded 
 of ftrengthening the Englilh frontiers. The e- 
 nemy, difcouraged and difconcerted in the firft 
 flages of their defigns, would defpond and lan-» 
 guifli ; and the bufmefs of the total expulfion of 
 the French from Scotland, be effefted with the 
 greater facility, and at the fmalleft charge *. 
 
 Queen Ell- QuEEN Elizabth, who was fagacious in dif- 
 
 aabtth a- ^^ 
 
 grces to af- ccmin^ her real interefts, and firm in profecuting 
 
 lilltheCon- ° . 
 
 grcgation. them, perccived all the advantages of interpofing 
 in the concerns of Scotland. The reprefenta- 
 tions of the Scottifli commiffioners, and of her 
 own council, obtained her full afifent. A refolu- 
 tion was taken to aflift the Congregation ; and it 
 was pronounced to be a ftep not only jufl and 
 
 honourable 
 
 * Keith, Append, No. XVII. Burrfet, vol. iii. ColleG« 
 iion of Records, p. 283, 387. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLANDv 215 
 
 honourable, but even neceffary and profitable *. Book in: 
 Robert Melvil, accordingly was difpatched, to ^^C^ 
 inform the confederated Nobles of her determina- 
 tion, and to prepare them for the treaty which 
 fhe intended to conclude with them. 
 
 After they had difpatched their comraiffion- Theaffo- 
 ers to Queen Elizabeth, the Lords of the Con- ^i" g° ^ 
 
 ^^ different 
 
 gregation feparated, to employ their activity in parts of the 
 the two great divifions of the country. The 
 Duke of Chattellerauit, the Earl of Glencairn, 
 and the Lords Boyd and Ochiltree, with their 
 friends, moved to the weft, and chofe Glafgov/ as 
 the place of their refidence. The Lord James 
 Stuart, and the Earls of Rothes and Arran, and 
 the Mafter of Lindfey, with their adherents, took 
 their ftation in the county of Fife. To give com- 
 fort to the Reformed in a more extenfive degree, 
 to encourage their hopes, and to court new par- 
 tizans, were the objefts of this feparation ; and 
 that a regular intelligence might be preferved, 
 and a proper communication of meafures be kept 
 up by the confederated leaders, Mr Henry Bal- 
 naves attended the nobles at Glafgow as their fe- 
 
 cretary, 
 
 * Da FoRSEs, State Papers, vol. i. p. 390, ^^6. 
 
■214 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book Til. crctary, and to thofe in Fife Mr Knox afted in the 
 1559. fame character and capacity *. 
 
 The images The Dukc of Chattellcrault deflroyed, at 
 at Giafgow Glafgow, iall the images and altars, and polTelTed 
 liflied. himfelf of the caftle, which belonged to the arch- 
 mation by' billiop of that fee. Upon the approach, how- 
 of Chattel- ever, of a body of French troops, mth the arch- 
 
 Icravlt. 
 
 bifliop, and the Lords Semple, Seaton, and Rofs,. 
 he left the town. But the French marching back 
 inftantly to Edinburgh, the city of Glafgow was 
 again occupied by the Duke and his friends.— 
 He now publiflied a remarkable proclamation, un- 
 der the fanftion and authority that the Reform- 
 ed leaders were a council aftiiig for Francis and 
 Mary. Having obferved, that it was the chief 
 care and fludy of the alTociated Nobles to advance 
 the glory of God, by maintaining the true preach- 
 ers of the word, and reforming religion, he com- 
 manded the officers of tlie crown, m the name and 
 authority of the King and Queen of Scots, to 
 charge all the clergy who had not yet joined the 
 Congregation, to appear before it without delay, 
 to teftify their converiion from Popery, and their 
 abhorrence of fuperiliiion. If they ftjould refufe 
 
 to 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 140. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. CL1$ 
 
 to comply with this order, tlie proclamation af- Book tit. 
 furcd them, that they Ihould be accounted ene- ^^'Q^ 
 mies to God, and to the true religion ; and that 
 the fruits and profits of their benefices fliould be 
 taken from them, and employed in fuppordng 
 the faithful preachers of the gofpel, and for other 
 purpofes advantageous to the commonwealth *. 
 
 . This violence, inftead of anfwering any fatu- 
 tary end, inflamed the pafllons of the priefthood ; 
 and appears to have induced them to think anew 
 of perfecutions againft the Reformed. Hence, 
 another proclamation was ifTued by the Proteft- 
 ants, of which it was the objeft to put a flop to 
 the convention of all confiflories, or ecclefiailical 
 courts, for admin iftering and carrying into force 
 the laws againft; heretics f. 
 
 From the flight and difperfion of the confede- ^j^^ q^^^,^ 
 rated Nobles, the Queen Dowager conceived high fn^^rsSflj 
 expeftations. She immediately took polfeffion of ^"""s^* 
 Edinburgh with the French troops, and driving 
 from it all perfons of the Reformed faith, refl:ored 
 the fervice of the church of Rome. Amidft the 
 
 exceffive 
 
 * Keith, p. i ii. 
 
 t Petrie, ap. Keith, p. 112. 
 
2l6 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. exccfTive triumph and exultation of the Papifls, 
 ^^^^ the High Church was again hallowed by the Bi* 
 fliop of Amiens, with a variety and fplendour of 
 ceremonies. This profperous turn of affairs was 
 announced by her to the Princes of Lorraine; 
 and flie requefled, in an earned manner, their ut- 
 moft diligence in tranfporting new bands of fol- 
 diers, that flie might be able to improve her fuc- 
 cefs, and atchieve the full conqueft of Scotland ** 
 
 sherefoires Her elevatioH of miud, however, was foon re- 
 
 tofinilhthe 
 
 ■war before prelTed, by the certain intelligence fhe received of 
 of the Eng- fj-^g neffociatiou with Elizabeth, and of her pro* 
 
 lifh troops. ^ ' ^ 
 
 mife to alTifl the aflbciated Lords. She adopted^ 
 notwithftanding, a very fpirited conduft. Before 
 the Englifli army could arrive, flie determined to 
 deftroy the Congregation. Againfl the nobles 
 in Fife (he directed her firfl operations. Her 
 French troops took the road to Stirling, and 
 wailed, in their march, all the grounds which be- 
 longed to the f;avourers of the Reformation.— 
 After renewing their depredations at Stirling, 
 they palTed the bridge there, and proceeding a- 
 long the fide of the river, cxercifed their cruel- 
 ties and opprelTions in a diftrift which had di- 
 
 ftinguifhed 
 
 * Knox, p. 213. Spotfwood, p. 139. 140. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 ftinguillied itfelf by an ardent zeal againfl: Popery, book hi. 
 While the terror of their arms was thus diffufmg 
 
 I5J9- 
 
 itfelf, they refolved to feize the town and caftle 
 of St Andrews, which they confidered as an im- 
 portant military ftation, and as a convenient place 
 of reception for the auxiliaries they expefted from 
 France. 
 
 But the Lord James Stuart, penetrating into The Pro- 
 their defigns, employed himfelf to interrupt their deavonr to 
 progrefs, and retard their attempts ; and it was Frsnch 
 his object, at the fame time, to keep the force of 
 the Congregation entire, to hazard no a£l-ion of 
 importance, and to wait the approach of the Eng- 
 lifh army. A fmall advantage was obtained by 
 the French at Petticure ; and they poffelTed 
 themfelves of Kinghorn. The Lord James Stu- 
 art, with 500 horfe, and one hundred foot, en- 
 tered Dyfart. With this inconfiderable ftrength 
 he propofed to aft againfl an army of four thou- 
 fand men *. His admirable ikill in military af- 
 fairs, and his heroic courage, were eminently dif- 
 played. During twenty days he prevented the 
 march of the French to St Andrews ; intercept- 
 
 F f ing ^ 
 
 * Buchanan, Hift. Rcr. Scot. lib. xvi. Spotfwood, p» 
 141. 
 
2lS HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 EooK nr. ing their provifions, harralTing them with ikir- 
 ^^Q^ miflies, and intimidating them by the addrefs and 
 the boldnefs of his (Iratagems. 
 
 1560. Monsieur D'Oysel, enraged and afliamed 
 
 of th7 fleet to be difconcerted and oppofed by a body of men 
 •land! ^"^" fo difproportioned to his army, exerted himfelf 
 with vigour. The Lord James Stuart was obliged to 
 retire. Dyfart and Wemyfs were given to the 
 French troops to be pillaged ; and when D*Oyfel 
 was in full march to St Andrews, he difcovered 
 a powerful fleet bearing up the Frith. It was 
 concluded that the fuppHes expected from France 
 were arrived. Guns were fired by his foldiers, 
 and the vivacity of their joy was indulged in all 
 . its extravagance. But this fleet having taken 
 the veflels which contained their provifions, and 
 the ordnance with which they intended to im- 
 prove the fortifications of the caftle at St Aa- 
 drews, a period was pUt to their rejoicings. — 
 They were perplexed with doubts and with anxi- 
 eties. The certain news was brought, that the 
 fleet they obferved was the navy of England, 
 which had come to fupport the Congregation. — 
 A conftemation, deepened by the giddinefs of 
 their preceding tranfports, invaded them. Mon- 
 ftcur D*Oyfel perceived now the value and merit 
 
 of 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 219 
 
 of the fervice which liad been performed by the Book hi. 
 Lord James Stuart ; and thinking no more of St ^^0. 
 Andrews and conqueft, fled to Stirling, in his 
 way to Leith, from which he dreaded to be inter- 
 cepted ; but he reached that important flation, af- 
 ter a march of three days, in which he experien- 
 ced all the difficulties and uneafmefs that can pro- 
 ceed from an unguarded precipitation and rug- 
 ged roads, the fears of an enemy, and the oppref- 
 fion of fatigue *, 
 
 The Duke of Norfolk, who had been confli- The treat <r 
 tuted Lord Lieutenant of the northern counties betwe^"^ ' 
 of England, advanced to Berwick, and invited gatioalnd" 
 the Lords of the Congregation to a formal trea- zabcth. 
 tyf. They appointed as their Commiflioners, 
 with full inftru£lions and powers, the Lord James 
 Stuart, the Lord Ruthven, Sir John Maxwell of 
 Teiregles, Maitland of Lethington, John Williart 
 of Pittarrow, and Mr Henry Balnaves. The 
 attempts of the French to fubdue Scotland, to 
 fupprefs its liberties, and to unite it to the crown 
 of France, were dated as the caufes of this alliance j 
 F f 2 and 
 
 * Knox, p. 214, 218. Spotfwood, p. 142. 
 
 t Camden, the Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, ap. 
 Kennet, vol. ii. p. 380. 
 
220 HISTOPvY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 pooK 111. and it was its objeftto difappoint thefe intentions, 
 ^"^XT ^^^ ^° afford an effectual proteftion to the Scots. 
 Queen Elizabeth engaged to equip and furnifli 
 an army of horfe and foot for the fervice of the 
 Congregation, and to employ her fleet in their 
 behalf ; and the nobility and the people of Scot- 
 land were to enjoy the continuance of her aid till 
 the final expulfion of the French foldiery, and till 
 the full re-eflablifliment of their conftitution in its 
 free and ancient form. All the houfes of llrength 
 to be recovered from the French were to be de- 
 molllhed, or to be furrendered to the leaders of 
 the Congregation, if they fliould defire it ; and 
 no fortifications were to be raifed by the Eng- 
 hfli upon Scottifli ground, without the confent of 
 the Duke of Chattellerault, the nobility, and the 
 people. Upon the part of the Congregation, 
 the moil extenfive concurrence and operation in 
 their power, with the armaments of England, 
 were fiipulated. They promifed all poflible fup- 
 port, with horfe and foot, by fea and land.— 
 They were to be enemies to all the Scots and 
 French who fhould oppofe England in the exe- 
 cution of the purpofes of the treaty. They were 
 never to permit the realm of Sco.tland to be con- 
 quered by the French, nor knit to the crown of 
 France in any method prejudicial to its freedom. 
 
 ana 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 221 
 
 und laws. If the French Ihould invade Englaod, book iir, 
 they were to fupply two thoufaud horfe, and an ^T"***^ 
 equal number of foot, or what proportion of this 
 ftrength Queen Elizabeth might require, to be 
 employed upon her own charge. And, if the in- 
 vafion fliould be made in the northern difl:ri<fl:s of 
 her dominions, . they were to gather their whole 
 military force, without any expence to her, and 
 joining with the power of England, to continue 
 their warmed fupport and fervice for thirty days, 
 or during the ufual time their troops were accuf- 
 tomed to remain in the field. The Earl of Ar- 
 gyle was to aflift Queen Elizabeth in reducing to 
 obedience the north parts of Ireland. Hoftages 
 were to be given by the Congregation for the 
 performance of their ftipulations. And the Duke 
 of Chattdlerault, and the Scottifli CommilTion- 
 ers, after exprelling their conviiflion that the 
 Queen of England was moved to this alliance 
 from the honourable principle of protecting the 
 realm of Scotland againfl conqueft, and from no 
 hollile intention, teflified and protefted for thera- 
 felves, that they meant not to withdraw their 
 due obedience from their Sovereign Lady, nor 
 to oppofe the King her hufband in any matter 
 not tending to the overthrow of their ancient and 
 conflitutionaj liberties, for the prefcrvation of 
 
 which 
 
222 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book iiL which they were bound to expend their goods, 
 ^"^^^^ lands, and lives *. 
 
 The Qneen While England was about to exei't itfelf iia 
 difapi oint- defence of the Congregation, the Queen Dowa- 
 hopL from ger fufFered a difappointment in her expeclations 
 from France. The violent adminiftration of the 
 Houfe of Guife had involved that nation in trou- 
 bles and diftrefs. Its credit was greatly funk, 
 and its treafury was nearly exhaufted. Perfecu- 
 tions, and the fpirit of Calvinifm, produced com- 
 motions and confpiracies ; and amidfl domeftic 
 and dangerous intrigues and llrnggles, Scotland 
 failed to engage that particular dillinftion which 
 had been promifed to its affairs. It was not, 
 however, neglected altogether. The Count de 
 Martigues had arrived at Leith, with one thou- 
 fand foot and a few horfe ; and the Marquis 
 D'Elbeuf had epibarked for it with another bo- 
 dy of foldiers ; but, after iofing feveral fliips in a 
 furious tempeft, was obliged to return to the ha-^ 
 ven from which he had failed f. 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. XVII. 
 
 f Pere Daniil, Hifl. de France, torn. v. Buchanan, 
 Hiil. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. Dr Forbes, State Papers, voL i. 
 P- 307- 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 In this reverfe of her fortunes many forfook book hi. 
 the Queen Dowager. • The courage of the Con- ^'^^ 
 gregation was elated. In an infurreftion at Aber- JSl^n^s'"^. 
 deen, the monafleries of the Dominican and Car- r.''" '^^'" 
 melite friars were demoUflied ; and it was with 
 great difficulty that the Earl of Huntley was 
 able to fave its cathedral church. It was now un- 
 derftood that the Englifli army was upon its 
 march to Scotland. The Scottilli Lords who 
 ^ had affefled a neutrality, meditated an union 
 with the Proteftants. The Earl of Huntley gave 
 a folemn ai^urance that he would join them. — 
 Proclamations were ilTued throughout the king- 
 dom, calling upon the fubje£is of Scotland to af- 
 femble in arms at Linlithgow, to re-eflablifh their 
 ancient freedom, and to affift in the utter expul- 
 fion of the French foldiery * 
 
 Tpie Englifh fleet, mean while, under Winter Negccv- 
 the Vice-admiral, had taken and deftroyed feveral French. 
 ftiips, had landed fome troops upon Inchkeith, 
 and difcomfitted a body of French mercenaries. 
 Upon the foundation of thefe afts of hoflility, 
 the Princes of Lorraine difpatched the Chevalier 
 de Seure to Queen Elizabeth, to make reprefen- 
 
 tations 
 
 * Spotswood, p. J43, 144. 
 
G24 HISTORY OJ THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book ih. tatioHS againft this breach of the peace, and to 
 
 ^■"^"^'''^ urge the recal of her (hips. This ambaffador af- 
 
 fected likewife to negociate concerning the eva- 
 cuation of Scotland by the French troops, and to 
 propofe methods, in confequence of which the 
 King of France might quarter the arms of Eng- 
 land, without doing a prejudice to Queen Ehza- 
 beth. But to prevent the execution of vigorous 
 refolutions againil the Queen Dowager, and to 
 gain time, were the only objects he had in view. 
 With fmiilar intentions John Monluc, Biftiop of 
 Valence, a man of greater addrefs and ability, and 
 equally devoted to the Houfe of Guife, was alfo 
 fent at this time to the Court of England *. — 
 Queen Elizabeth, however, and her minifterSj 
 were too wife to be amufed by artifice and dex- 
 teritj^. They difcovered, that his inftruftions 
 were fimply to treat, but not to conclude any bu- 
 fmefs ; and that he poffeiTed no power of any kind 
 from the Queen of France and Scotland. By 
 ftarting difficulties and fending occafionally to his 
 court for new orders, opportunities might be pro- 
 cured of delaying hoftifities, till the Marquis 
 D'Elbeuf had embarked anew with the French 
 
 army 
 
 * Dr Forbes, State Papers, vol. i. p. $i$y 446. Thua* 
 nus, Hift. fui T^rop. Jib. sxiv. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 225 
 
 army for Scotland. But with all his fpeeches Book itl 
 and intrigues, he eould neither deceive nor inti- j^^o. 
 midate. 
 
 The Lord Grey entered Scotland With an ar- The arrival 
 
 •' oftheKug- 
 
 mv of twelve hundred horfe, and fix thoufand ''"\ troops, 
 
 ■' and cheir 
 
 foot ; and there commanded under him, the Lord junction s 
 
 ' with the 
 
 Scroop, Sir James Croft, Sir Henry Percy, and Congrega. 
 Sir Francis Lake *. By an inclement policy, 
 the Queen Dowager had already wafted all the 
 country around the capital. But the defolation 
 file had made, while it was infinitely ruinous to 
 the Scottifli peafants, aifefted not the army of 
 England. The leaders of the Congregation did 
 not want penetration and forefight, and had pro- 
 vided themfelves againft this difficulty. The 
 Duke of Chattellerault, the Earls of Argyle, 
 Glencairn, and Monteith, the Lord James Stuart, 
 and the Lords Ruthven, Boid, and Ochiltree, 
 with a numerous and formidable force, joined the 
 Englifli commander at Preilon f. 
 
 G g Struck 
 
 * Camden, Life and Reigoof Qu^een Elizabeth, ap. Kea* 
 aet, p. 381. 
 
 t Knox, p. 239. 
 
^26 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book TIL Struck with the fad condition of her affairs, 
 ^^^f^^ defpairing of a timely and proper fuccour from 
 The Queen fj-^nce and reminded by ficknefs of her mortali- 
 Edinbur"Jr ^7' ^^^^ Queen Dowager retired from Leith to the 
 caitic. ^j^f^ig Qf Edinburgh, and put herfelf under the 
 protection of the Lord Erlkine. At the period 
 when flie was appointed to the regency, the Lord 
 Erlkine had received from the three eftates the 
 charge of this important fortrefs, with the injunc- 
 tion to hold it till he fliould know their farther 
 orders ; and giving way to the folicitations of 
 neither fa£lion, he had kept it with fidelity. By 
 admitting the Queen Dowager, he yielded to fen- 
 timents of honour and humanity, and did not 
 mean to depart from his duty. A few only of 
 her domeflics accompan'ed her, with the Arch- 
 bilhop of St Andrews, the Bifliop of Dunkeld, 
 and the Earl Mariflial *. 
 
 April 4. The confederated Nobles now affembled at 
 
 ThelalUet- 
 
 ter from Dalkeith to hold a council : and conforming to 
 
 theCongre- 
 
 gation to thofe maxims of prudence and equity which, up- 
 
 the Queen * 1 y ' r 
 
 Dowager, on the cvc of hollilities, had been formerly exer- 
 cifed by them, they invited the Queen Dowager 
 
 to 
 
 * Lesly de Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 221. Spotf- 
 wood, p. 144. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 227 
 
 to an amicable conclufion of the prefent troubles. Book in. 
 In a letter which they wrote to her, they called ^Xt 
 to her remembrance the frequent manifeftoes and 
 melTeges in which they had prelTed her to difmifs 
 the French foldiery, who had fo long opprefled 
 the lower ranks of the people, and who threaten- 
 ed to reduce the kingdom itfelf to fervitude. The 
 averfion, however, with which flie had conftant- 
 ly received their fuit and prayers, was fo great 
 that they had given way to a flrong necelTity, 
 and had intreated the affiftance of the Queen of 
 England to expel thefe ftrangers by the force of 
 arms. But though they had obtained the power- 
 ful protection of this Princefs^ they were yet ani- 
 mated with a becoming refpeft for the mother of 
 their Sovereign, and abhorring to ftain the ground 
 with Chriflian blood, were difpofed once more to 
 follcit the difmiilion of thefe mercenaries, with 
 their officers and captains. And that no jufl: ob- 
 jeftion might remain againft the grant of this their 
 laft requeft, they affured her, that a fafe pafTage 
 by land, to the ports of England, fliould be al- 
 lowed to the French ; or that, if they judged it 
 more agreeable, the navy of Queen Elizabeth 
 ihould tranfport them to their own country. — 
 If thefe propofals fliould be rejefted, they appeal- 
 ed and protefted to God, and to mankind, that 
 G g 2 it 
 
228 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Bo?K HI. it fliould be underflood and believed, that no mo- 
 ^Xy ^'^^ of malice, or hatred, or wickednefs of any kind 
 had induced thera to employ the fatal expedient 
 of arms and battles ; but that they had been com- 
 pelled to this difagreeable and diflrefsful remedy, 
 for the prefervation of their commonwealth, their 
 religion, their perfons, their eftates, and their po- 
 fterity. They begged her, in the humility of 
 fupplication, to weigh the equity of their petition, 
 to confider the inconveniencies of war, and to 
 think of the reft and quiet which were neceflary 
 to relieve the affliftions of her daughter's king- 
 dom ; and they befought her to embalm her own 
 memory, by an immortal deed of wifdom, huma- 
 nity, and juftice '^ 
 
 To give authority and weight to the letter of 
 the affociated Lords, the Lord Grey direfted Sir 
 George Howard, and Sir James Croft, to wait 
 upon the Queen Dowager, and to ftipulate the 
 peaceable departure of the Englilh troops, upon 
 the condition that the French mercenaries were 
 immediately difmilTed from her fervice, and prohi- 
 bited 
 
 * Buchanan, Hid. Rcr. Scot. Ub. xvi. SpotfwQod, p, 
 
 H4- 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 229 
 
 bited from refiding in Scotland *. Returning no Book iil 
 direft anfwer to the applications made to her, fhe 1^50, 
 defired time to deliberate upon the refolution 
 which it became her to adopt. This equivocal 
 behaviour correfponded with the fpirit of intrigue 
 which had uniformly diftinguiflied the Queen 
 Dowager ; and it is probable, that her engage- 
 ments with France did not permit her to be open ^ ^ 
 and explicit. 
 
 The combined armies marched towards Leith. The iiega 
 A body of the French, polled upon a rifmg-ground 
 called the Hawk-hill, difputed their progrefs. 
 During five hours the conflicl was maintained with 
 obflinate valour. At length the Scottifii horfemen 
 charged the French with a fury which they were 
 
 unable 
 
 * Spotswooi>, p. 145. 
 
 The liberal conduiH: of the Englifii nation, upon this oc- 
 cafion, appears in a ftill ftronger light in a letter from Queen 
 Elizabeth to her Araballador in Spain. ** We caufed the 
 «' Queen Dowager to be gently required, that flie wold come 
 " to feme accord, and, receaving the obedience of her dowgh- 
 " ter's fubjeds, remove away the (French) forces thence ; 
 " and if any perfon there wold withdraw his obedience from 
 « hir dowghter the Quene, (he fliuld have our power, if fhe 
 *• wold, to join with hirs, to the chaftefyng of any fuch ; 
 " but hereunto no dired anfwer cold be gotten." Dr For- 
 Ijes, State Papers, vol. i. 44.7, 
 
530 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. unablc to refill. They fled to Leith with preci- 
 ^^"f^^^^ pitation ; and might have been cut off from it al- 
 together, if the Enghfli cavahy had exerted them- 
 felves. Three hundred of the French foldiers 
 perifhed in this a£lion, and a few combatants only 
 fell on the fide of the Congregation f. 
 
 Military o- T^EiTH was invcfled. The pavilions and tents 
 pcratious. ^^ ^|^^ EngllQi and Scottifli nobility were planted 
 at Reilalrig, and around it. Trenches were call ; 
 and the ordnance from the town annoying the 
 combined armies, a mount was raifed, upon which 
 eight cannons were erefted. A continual fire from 
 thefe, againil St Anthony's tovver in South Leith, 
 being kept up and managed with /kill, the walls 
 of this fabric were fliaken, and the French found 
 it necefiary to difmount their artillery. Negligent 
 from fecurity, and apprehenfive of no attack, the 
 Englifli and Scottifh officers occupied themfelves 
 in amufements, and permitted a relaxation of mi-p 
 litary difcipllne. The French informed of this 
 fupinenefs and levity, made a fally from I.eith. 
 While fome of the captains were diverting them- 
 felves at Edinburgh, and the foldiery were en- 
 gaged 
 
 j- Camden, Life and Reign of Elizabeth, ap. Kennet, 
 p. 381. Buchanan, Hift. Rer Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 23! 
 
 gaged at dice and cards, they entered the trenches Book til 
 unobferved, and pufliing their advantage, put fix ^^Ct. 
 hundred men to the fword. After this flaughter, 
 the Proteftants were more attentive to their aifairs; 
 mounts were buih at proper diftances, which be- 
 ing fortified with ordnance, ferved as places of re- 
 treat and defence, in the event of fudden incur- 
 fions ; and thus they continued the blockade in a 
 Hiore effectual manner *. 
 
 The army under the Marquis D'Elbeuf, pro- unfuccefs- 
 mifed fo often to the Queen Regent, was in vain ["on"!^"'^'^" 
 expefted by her ; but llie received, at this time, 
 fupplies in money and military ftores ; and Mon- 
 luc biiliop of Valence, though defeated in dexteri- 
 ty by Elizabeth and her minifters, had arrived in 
 Scotland, to try anew the arts of delay and nego- 
 ciation. Conferences were held by him with the 
 Queen Dowager, with the Englifa Commanders, 
 and with the confederated Nobles ; but no con- 
 traft or agreement could be concluded. His cre- 
 dentials neither extended to the demolition of 
 Leith, nor to the recal of the French mercena- 
 ries ; and though he obtained powers from his 
 court to confent to the former of thefe meafures, 
 
 they 
 
 * Knox, p. 239, 240 Spotfwood, p. 145. 
 
'232 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book HI. fhcy Were yet burdened with conditions which 
 ^^'^^J'^ were difgraceful to the Congregation, who, in the 
 prefent profperous (lata of their fortunes, were not 
 difpofed to give up any of the objefts for which 
 they had ftrnggled fo long, and to the attainment 
 of which they now looked forward with a fettled 
 hope and expectation *. 
 
 Though the grave and meafured orations of 
 Monluc could not overpower the plain and flub- 
 born fenfe of the Congregation, yet as he afleft- 
 ed to give them admonitions and warnings, and 
 
 even 
 
 * ** It was long ere the Bifliop of Valence cold have fave 
 *' condyt of the Lordes of Scotland to rcpaire unto the 
 ** Quyne Doujar, bycaufe tliey did miftruft the fufhciencye 
 " of his authorite ; but yet at lengyth it was granted. So es 
 *• he went and fpak, wih the Quyne in the Cadell of Eden- 
 ** bourgh, and after came unto the Lordes, where he w?s 
 
 <' well receaved, and his oration dillygently harde. 
 
 ** But the next ^y, when that he came to talke of the 
 ** matters that were in controverfye, he was fo rayche 
 <' myfliked by liis awne fault, that my Lord Maxwell had 
 *' the garde of him, till he might be provldid of thingcs ne- 
 <« ceflary for his retorne againe : the caufe was, tliat he had 
 « no authorite tojemolyfe the town of Lyth, and fend 
 *' bake the foldiars. But during his ftaye, by way of wright- 
 " ing, he obtayned a new occafion to treat farther ; fo as in 
 «* his fecond parley, he granted, by the confent of the Quyne 
 *• Doujar, to the demolyfliing of Lyth, in cafe the Scottes 
 «' wolde breake their league niade witU Inglande, revok their 
 
 hoflegis, 
 
0^ RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, iL33 
 
 «vea ventured to infult them with menaces *, they B"ok in. 
 appear to have conceived a high indignation a- j^^o. 
 gainfl him. Under this impulfe, and that in fo 
 advanced a ftage of their affairs they might exhi- 
 bit the determined firmnefs of their refolutions, and 
 bind to them by an indilToluble tie, the earl of 
 Huntley, and the other perfons who had joined 
 them in confequence of the Englifli alliance, they 
 thought of the aflurance and {lability of a new 
 league and covenant, more folemn, exprellive, and 
 refolute, than any which they had yet entered into 
 and fubfcribed f; 
 
 The nobles, barons, and inferior perfons, who April 27. 
 were parties to this bond and aflbciation, bound covenant. 
 themfelves in the prefence of Almighty God, as a 
 fociety, and as individuals, to advance and fet for- 
 ward the Reformation of religion, and to procure, 
 H h by 
 
 hoftegis, and give pleggis to the Quyne Doiijar for their obd. 
 ** dience, befides the refldringe of the caftell of Dombre- 
 ** uyne into her poireflion. Whereuport the parlye was bro- 
 *' kea; becaufe the Lordes of the Congregation cold not re- 
 " vok ther pleggis, lior break the league, without the 
 « Qnyne's Majefty's confent." Mr KiUegrew to Sir Nicholas 
 Throkmorton. Dr Forbes, State Papers, vol. i. p. 456. 
 
 * Forbes, p. 443. 
 
 t CoLLEexiON of Records, No. XVIII 
 
234 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. by cvcry polTible means, the true preaching of 
 ^"Q^ the gofpel, with the proper adminiftration of the 
 facraments, and the other ordinances in connec- 
 tion with it. Deeply affe<n:ed, at the fame time, 
 with the mifcondu£l of the French llatefmen, 
 who had been promoted to high offices ; with 
 the oppreffions of the French mercenaries, whom 
 the (^een Dowager kept up and maintained un- 
 der the colour of authority ; with the tyranny 
 of their captains ; and with the manifell danger 
 of conqueft to which the country was expofed, 
 by different fortifications upon the fea coaft, and 
 by other dangerous innovations, they promifed 
 and engaged, generally and individually, to join 
 with the C^een of England's army, and to con- 
 cur in an honeft, plain, and unreferved refolution, 
 to expel all foreigners from the realm, as oppref- 
 fors of public liberty ; that by recovering the an- 
 cient rights, privileges, and freedom of their na- 
 tion, they might live for the future under the 
 due obedience of their King and Queen, be ru» 
 led by the laws and cufloms of the country, and 
 by officers and llatefmen bom and educated a- 
 mong them. It was likewife contra£ted and a- 
 greed by the fubfcribers to this bond and cove- 
 nant, that no private intelligence by writing or 
 meflage, or communication of any kind, lliould 
 
 be 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. -235 
 
 -■- |i I mmmmmm^ — —^ii — ^i - . 
 
 be kept up with their adverfaries ; and that all Book iir, 
 perfons who refifted the godly enterprize in which 1560. 
 'they were united, ihould be regarded as their e- 
 nemies, and reduced to fubje£lion and obedience. 
 
 When the ftron? and fervid fentiment and ex- T^« <^<:j^'^- 
 
 ° tion of the 
 
 preiHon of this new aiTociation were communica- QiJ^^" 
 
 Dowager. 
 
 ted to the Queen Dowager, fhe refigned herfelf 
 to the extremity of forrow. Her mind, incHned 
 to defpondence by the increafe of her malady, felt 
 the more intenfely the cruel diflraftions and dif- 
 quiets into which the kingdom had been driven 
 by the ambition of France, her own doating af- 
 feftion for the Princes of Lorraine, and the vain 
 prognoflications of flatterers and courtiers. In the 
 agony of palTion, flie befought the malediftion and 
 curfe of God to alight upon all thofe who had 
 counfeiled her to perfecute the preachers, and to 
 refufe the petitions of the moft honourable portion 
 of her fubje£ls. 
 
 In the mean time, the fiege of Leith was pro- Profecuti.-n 
 fecuted ; but the ftrength of the garrifon, a- tit^^T 
 inounting to more than four thoufand foldiers, the 
 operations of the befiegers were flow and languid. 
 An accidental fire in the town, which deftroyed 
 miiny houfes, and a great part of the public grana- 
 H h 2 ry, 
 
ilT^S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 ioor in. ry, aiForded them an opportunity of playing their 
 ^*^^'^Q*^ artillery with fome advantage ; and a few days af-^ 
 ter they made a general aflkult. But the fcalling- 
 ladders which were applied to the walls being too 
 fliort, and Sir James Croft, who had been gained 
 to the Queen Dowager, having acled a treacherous 
 part, the attempt failed of fuccefs, and a thoufand 
 men were deftroyed. The combined armies, 
 however, did not lofe their refolution or their 
 hopes. The Englifh and Scots animated the con- 
 ftancy of one another ; and in the ratification of 
 the treaty of Berwick, which was now made, a 
 new fource of cordiality opened itfelf. Letters 
 alfo had come from the duke of Norfolk, promi- 
 fmg a- powerful reinforcement, giving the expefl:a- 
 tion of his taking upon him the command of the 
 troops in perfon, and ordering his pavilion to be 
 ere£led in the camp. Leith began to feel the mi- 
 fery of famine, and the French to give themfelves 
 to defpair. The befiegers abounded in every 
 thing ; and the arrival of two thoufand men, the 
 expelled reinforcement from England, gave them 
 the mofl decifive fupei^iority over their adverfaries. 
 Frequent fallies were made by the garrifon, and 
 they were always unfuccefsful. Difcouraged by 
 defeats, depreffed with the want of provifions, and 
 languifliing under the cegligence of France, they 
 
 were 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, I'^'J 
 
 were ready to fubmit themfelves to the mercy of Book iil 
 the Congregation *. j.^^^^ 
 
 Amidst this dlftrefs and inquietude, the Queen The death 
 Dowager, wafted with a lingering diftemper, and t.;r of the 
 xpith gr.ef, expired in the cadle of Edinburgh. Bowagsr, 
 Religious perfecution, and a fettled fcheme to o- 
 verturn the liberties of Scotland, while they ren- 
 dered her ^ adminiflration odious and deteilable, 
 have obfcured the luflre of her virtues. The 
 treacherous views and policy of France ferve to 
 explain, but cannot excufe the wickednefs of the 
 counfels {he embraced, and her uniform pracliccs 
 of dilTimulation. She allowed herfelf to be over- 
 come and dire(5led by the obilinacy of the Duke of 
 Guife, the unprincipled refinements of the Cardinal 
 of Lorraine, aud the imperioufnefs of both. Mif- ■ 
 fortunes to herfelf and to Scotland were the cru- 
 el confequences of her facility and fubmiilion. 
 If ihe had trufted to her own abilities, her govern- 
 ment, -it is probable, would have been diftinguiflied 
 by its popularity, andher name have been tranfmit- 
 ted to pofterity with unfuUied honours. Humane 
 and aifeclionate in her temper, it was naturally her 
 
 wifli 
 
 * Buchanan, Hift. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. Dr. Forbes, Statg 
 Papers, vol. i, p. 455. Knox, p. 241, 244. Spoifwood, p. 
 
 H5- 
 
22^^ HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 5ooK III. wilh to rule with a woman's gentlenefs. Herjudg-^ 
 ^^^^^ ment was extenfive, her mind vigorous. She could 
 comprehend a fyllem, and a6l upon it with unde- 
 viating exa£lnefs, and unfliaken fortitude. The 
 inclinations, chara£ler, and humours of her people, 
 were fully known to her. She could accommo- 
 date heifelf with eafe to the Scottilli manners ; 
 and the winning graces of her demeanour gave an 
 aid and alTiflance to her addrefs and penetration,, 
 In diftributing juftice, (lie was impartial and fevere j 
 and in her court, flie was careful to uphold the 
 royal dignity, In private life, flie was civil, ami- 
 able, and magniiicent, The propenfion to gallan- 
 try which the example of her hufband had pro- 
 moted, was repreffed by her decency and modera-. 
 tion*. The excelTes of that amorous monarch 
 feem even to have induced her to adopt a more 
 than common referve and circumfpedion. Though 
 9, widow, at an age when the foft paflions have 
 their full power, no fufpicion was ever entertained 
 of her chaftiiy ; and her maids of honour recom- 
 mended themfelves to her by modeily, piety, and 
 virtue. Her various endowments, and the many 
 excellent qualities which gave her diftin^lion, ex- 
 cite a regret that llie Ihould have been difgraced fo 
 
 completely, 
 
 * Spotfwood, p. J 46. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 239 
 
 completely, by a frail obfequioufnefs to French book hi. 
 counfels *. Yet for this fatal error it is fome com- ^^•^'Y^ 
 
 IJDO. 
 
 penfation, that her repentance was fevere and pain- 
 ful. A few days before her death, fhe invited to 
 her the Duke ofChatelIerault,the Lord James Stu- 
 art, and the Earls of Argyle, Glencairn, and Ma- 
 riihal, to bid them a laft adieu f. She expreffed 
 to them her forrow for the troubles of Scotland, 
 and made it her earnell fuit, that they would con- 
 fult their conftitutijnal liberties, by difmilfing the 
 French and Englifli from their country j and that 
 they would preferve a dutiful obedience to the 
 Queen their fovereign. She profefled an unlimit- 
 ed forgivenefs of all the injuries which had been 
 done to her ; and entreated their pardon for the 
 offences ihe had committed againft them. In to- 
 ken of her kindnefs and charity, flie then embra- 
 ced them by turns j and while the tear darted in 
 her eye, prefented to them a chearful and fmiling 
 afpeft. Her foul, melting with tendernefs, and 
 divefting itfelf of its prejudices, weaknefles, and 
 hatreds, feemed to anticipate the purity of a bet- 
 ter world. After this interview, the fhort portion 
 
 of 
 
 * Buchanan, Hlft. Rer. Scot. lib. xvi. 
 
 t Len^, dc Reb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 222, 
 
SOOK. III. 
 
 240 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 i • . "'^' 
 
 of life wliich remained to her was dedicated to re- 
 ligion ; and that llie might allure the Congrega- 
 tion to be compaflionate to her Popifli fubje6l3,and 
 her French adherents, llie flattered them, by cal- 
 ling John Willocks, one of the mod popular of 
 their preachers, to alhil and comfort her by his 
 exhortations and prayers* He made long dif- 
 courfes to her about the abominations of the 
 mafs * J but llie appears to have died in the com- 
 munion of the Roniifh church ; and her body- 
 being tranfported to France, was depofited in the 
 monaflery of St. Peter, at Rheims, in Champagne, 
 where her filler Renee was an abbefs* 
 
 Theftateof The death of the Queen Dowager at a period 
 tiifporui.ju fo critical, broke altogether the fpirit of the 
 
 towards . . ' 
 
 peace. French troops. Negociation only could now 
 flive them from difgrace. They were blocked up 
 fo completely, that it was almoll impoilible for 
 any fupplies to reach them, either by fea or land ; 
 and France had delayed fo long to fulfil its magni- 
 ficent promifes, that it was no longer in a capaci- 
 ty to take any ftcps towards their accomplifliment. 
 Its internal dillrefs and difquiets were multiplying* 
 A favage fpirit of revenge, CTuel executions, alfaf- 
 
 iinations. 
 
 '•' Knox, p. 244, 
 
OT RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 24! 
 
 finations, dark intrigues, and lluftuating counfels. Book ni. 
 filled to the brim the meafure of its wretchednefs. ,^53, 
 The nobility, impoVeriflied by wars, were courting 
 the rewards of fervice, and ftruggling in hoflility. 
 The clergy were avaricious, ignorant, and vindic- 
 tive. The populace, knowii^g po trade but arms, 
 offered their fwords to the factious. Francis II. 
 was without dignity or underflanding. Catharine 
 de Medicis was full of artifice and falfhoad. The 
 fury of fuperllition, the fortitude of the Reform- 
 ed, the virulence of party, all furniflied their pro- 
 portions of calamity. Infurreftions were dreaded 
 in every province. The houfe of Guife was en- 
 compalTed with difficulties, and trembling with 
 apprehenfions. In a condition fo diilrafted and 
 miferable, they could not think of perfifling in 
 their views of dillant conquefls. It was neceflary 
 that they fliould abandon for a time all the proud 
 projects they had formed for the extenfion of the 
 French monarchy. It was chiefly in the exemp- 
 tion from foreign \fars that they could hope to 
 fupport their own greatnefs, and apply a remedy 
 to the domeftic diiturbances of France *. 
 
 li ' It 
 
 * Pere Daniel, Hid. de France, tome t. Dr, Forbes, 
 State Papers, vol, i. 
 
24^ HISTORY OF THE REFORM ATION 
 
 Bookiil It appeared to Francis and Mary, that they 
 1560. could not treat in a direft method with the Con- 
 fione"fo gregation, whom they afFe<Sted to conlider as re- 
 peTcetre bclHous fubje£ts, without derogating from their 
 S« ^and royal dignity. In negociating a peace, they there- 
 ^»g »n • £^^.g addrefled themfelves to Queen Elizabeth. It 
 was by her offices and interference that they pro- 
 jected a reconciliation with the confederated Lords^ 
 •and that they meant to extinguifli the animofities 
 which, with fo much violence, had agitated the 
 Scottifli nation *. They granted their commiflion 
 t to John Monluc, bifliop of Valence, Nicholas 
 Peileve, bifliop of Amiens, Jacques de la BroiTe^ 
 Henry dentin fieur d'Oyfel, and Charles de la 
 Rochefaucault fieur de Randan ; authorifing them 
 in a body, or by two of their number, to enter 
 into accords and agreements with the Queen of 
 England. The Englifti commiffioners were. Sir 
 William Cecil, principal Secretary of ftate, Nicolas- 
 Wotton, Dean of Canterbury and York, Sir 
 Ralph Sadler, Sir Henry Percy, and Sir Peter 
 Carew ; and the powers of treaty were to be ex^ 
 
 ercifed 
 
 * Dr. Forbes, vol. i. p. 419. 
 f 2d May. Dr. Forbes, p. 460. 
 
lj6o. 
 
 OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 243 
 
 crcifed by them, all in conjunftlon, or by four, book iu. 
 three, or two of diem *. ft was not difficult for ^"■"fT^"^ 
 flatefmen of great talents to agree in tranfacftions 
 which the contra£ling powers were cordially inter- 
 efted to conclude f. 
 
 I i 2 The 
 
 * Dr. Forbes, vol. i. p. 494. Their commiffion is dated 
 25th May. 
 
 f It has been doubted whether the Court of England was 
 well difpofed to peace at this junfture : but that point feems 
 to be very clear from the following evidence. Secretary Ce- 
 cil writes in this manner to Sir Nicholas Throkmorton 
 «' Wee onely feke fuerty ; which cheefly dependeth upon the 
 *' liberty of Scotland, and yet upon a leeful liberty. My 
 ** Lord Admiral goeth within theis five days to the fea, and 
 " C7',ely crufeith ; although we be content, the French fliall 
 *' thynk cther'wife." Dr. Forbes, vol. i.p, 460 In a letter 
 from Edinburgh, to Queen Elizabeth, he has this pafiage : 
 '^ We doubt not but to obtain all reafonable things, faving 
 " furety towarda both thefe realms; andfuch is the cafe bc- 
 *' ing betwixt a prince and fubjeds, as we know not how to 
 " provide for furety of fubjefls againll all adventures, without 
 ** fuch diflionour to the Prince as neither will be granted, 
 " nor can reafonably be demanded for fubjefts. I alTure your 
 *■' MajeRy, thefe cafes be marvellous difficult to refolve ; and 
 "■ yet confidcring I know the French malice, and am wholly 
 *' addi«fled to your Majefty's honour and furery, I would not 
 " yield fo much to the French Queen's honour in behalf of 
 ** her fubjefts, if your coffer t "were full to maintain hut one 
 *' year's nvar. Such would be your honour, conc^ueft, an4 
 *' furety." Keith, App, p. 49. 
 
244 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATIONT 
 
 Book in. Thje plenipotentiaries of France, though em* 
 ^^Q'^ powered only to treat with England, were yet, 
 potenfhrk* ^7 ^ Separate commifllon *, entrufted to allure 
 w^-J'Si! t^^ Congregation, that notwithllanding the hei- 
 
 ticulaicom- 
 miflion 
 
 TarJ to'the ^'^^^ J^^ inclined to receive them into favour, up- 
 
 nous guilt incurred by them, Francis and Mary 
 
 fionf''^^' ^^ ^^^^^ repentance and return to obedience ; to 
 forget and bury in everlafting oblivion all that 
 had palTed ; and to abftain for ever from all en- 
 quiry into their conduft. They had full autho- 
 rity, at the fame timq, by this new deed, to hear, 
 in conjun^ljon with the commiUjoners of Eliza- 
 beth, the complaints of the Congregation, and to 
 grant, with their confent, the relief which ap- 
 peared to them to be the mofi: proper and falu« 
 taryt. 
 
 The Pro- Without the invelliturc of thefe powers in 
 taii'riwir the commiffioners of France, the confederated 
 t"thr<ic- Lords could not have confented to peace with any 
 England fccurity to themfclvcs, or to the caufe in which 
 they were embarked. The npbility and the peo- 
 ple of Scotland, chuling for their reprcfentatives 
 the Lord James Stuart, the Lord Ruthven, and 
 
 Maitlan4 
 
 * June 2. 
 
 ■{• Collection of Records, No, XIX. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. I45 
 
 f 
 
 Maitland of Letlilngton, expreiTed their willing- Book iir. 
 nefs to concur in rcafonable meafures for the re- jj^o. 
 cftabUiliment of the public union and tranquilli- 
 ty. By the mode of a formal petition, they enu- 
 merated their grievances, laid claim to a redrefs 
 of them, and befought a Uniform protection to 
 their conflitution and laws. To this petition the 
 interceflion of C>ueen Elizabeth effefted the 
 friendly attention of Francis and Mary ; and upon 
 a foundation concerted with fo much propriety, 
 Monluc and Randan, Cecil and Wotton, the a£l^ 
 ing plenipotentiaries of England and France, drew 
 up and authenticated the celebrated deed of re- 
 lief aud conceffion * which does fo much honour 
 to the fpirit, perfeverance, and magnanimity of 
 jhe Scottifli nation. 
 
 By this accord and agreement Francis and Theconeei- 
 Mary ftipulated and confented, that no French Frriifana 
 foldiers and no foreign troops fliould be ever in- ' ^"^ 
 troduced into Scotland without the counfel and 
 advice of the three eftates. They concurred in 
 the opinion that the French mercenaries fliould 
 be fent back into France ; and that the fortifica- 
 tions of Leith fliould be demoliflied. They a- 
 
 greed 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. XX. 
 
Book HI. 
 
 C46 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 greed that commiflloners fliould be appointed to 
 
 V,>>-v-^ vifit Dunbar, and to point out the works there 
 ^■^ ^* which ought to be deftroyed ; and they bound 
 and engaged themfelves to build no new fortrefs 
 or place of ftrength within the kingdom, and to 
 repair no old one, without a parliamentary autho- 
 rity and fandlion. They confented to extinguifli 
 all debts which had been contracted for the main- 
 tainance of the French and. Scotch foldiery in their 
 fervice. They appointed the eflates of the realm 
 to hold a pai-liament for the difcuiFion of affairs of 
 (late ; and they obliged themfelves to confider 
 the afts of this alTembly as valid and effeftyal in 
 cvei7 refpect. They confirmed the ancient law 
 of the country which prohibited the Princes of 
 Scotland from making peace and war without 
 the advice of the three eflates*. It was accordr 
 
 ed 
 
 * ** The Lords deputies confented, granted, and ap-. 
 *' pointed, that neither the King nor the Queen fliall ordex* 
 •' peace or war within Scotland, but by the advice and con- 
 *' fent of the three cftates, conformable to the laws, ordinan- 
 •* ces, and cuftoms of the country, and as has formerly beeo 
 *• done by their prcdccefTors Kings of Scotland." Treaty, 
 Art. 5. 
 
 This is a very remarkable evidence of the great freedom 
 of the conftltution of Scotland in ancient times For it has 
 bc^n argued by conftitutional lawyers, that in all modern na- 
 tions, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 2i\.f 
 
 f < ■ I ' 11 I' m- 
 
 ed and agreed by tliem that the three eftates, in Book ht. 
 concurrenGe with the C)ueen, Ihould eleft a coun- ^^X^ 
 
 cil 
 
 tions, the fole prerogatire of making peace and war was 
 confkndy verted in the perfon of the Sovereign. That the 
 cafe was very different in Scotland may be perceived, not 
 only from the teftimony now quoted, but from other autho- 
 rities. It appears from our hiftories that Malcolm IV. was 
 commanded by the three eftates to make war upon England $ 
 and that when Robert II. was difpofed to conclude a truce 
 with that nation, the Scottifli parliament defeated his pur- 
 pofe by refufjng their confent. From the ftatutes of James 
 In. it is evident, that this Prince was inclined to be zt pcacs 
 with England, ** Sa that it had bene according to the wor- 
 ** fchip and honour of his hienes and his realme, be ths Jychi 
 *' of his three eftates." By their authority therefore they 
 ebliged him to concur with them in the mcafures of a nuar ; 
 and after mentioning the caufes which moved them to ho- 
 ftility, it is faid, •* The three eftates bes thairfoir hartfully 
 ** of thair wwin frc luill grantit and promittit to our Scve- 
 " ran* Lord, to remane and abyde at the command of his 
 *' heines with their perfonnes and thair fubftance of landis 
 ** and gudis in defence of his maift nobill perfoun his fuccef- 
 *' fioun realm and lieges, as they and thair foirbeatis hcs of 
 *« auld tymes done of befoir." Black Afls, fol. 66. The 
 prerogative of peace and war, it is thus to be concluded, did 
 not belong to the Prince, but to the parliament ; and If a 
 Scottifh monarch had ventured upon a£ls of this kind, the 
 three eftates might not only legally refift their authority^ 
 and pronounce them to be void, but impeach the minifter 
 who advifed them, or if the Sovereign had no mir.ider, call 
 him in perfon before them, and punifti bis infringement of the 
 majefty of the people, and of the power of the laws. 
 
248 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATIOT* . 
 
 Eookiu. cil for the adminiftration of affairs during her 
 ^^0/ Majefty's abfence. They became bound to em- 
 ploy the natives of Scotland in the management 
 of juftice both civil and criminal, in tlie offices of 
 chancellor, keeper of the feals, treafurer, comp- 
 troller, and in other ftations of a fimilar nature j 
 and to abllain from the promotion of all foreign- 
 ers to places of truft and honour, and from inveft- 
 ing any clergyman in the charge of affairs of the 
 revenue. They determined to eftabliili an a£l of 
 oblivion, and to forget and bury forever the me- 
 mory of all the late tranfaftions of war and of- 
 fence. It was concluded by them, that a gene- 
 ral peace and reconciliation ftiould take place a- 
 mong all parties. They expreffed their determi- 
 nation, that no pretence Hiould be affumed by 
 them, from the late contentions, to deprive any 
 of their fubje6ls of their eftates or offices. And 
 they referred the reparation which might be pro- 
 per to compenfate the injuries that had been fuf- 
 tained by biihops and ecclefiaflics, to the judg-< 
 ment of the three eftates in parliament. 
 
 In all thefe grants and conceffiotis there is a re* 
 ference chiefly to civil liberty. Upon the fubje<51; 
 of the Reformation the plenipotentiaries of Eng- 
 land and France did not chufe to delib^ate and 
 
 decide. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 249 
 
 decide, although articles with regard to it had book hi. 
 been prefented to them by the nobles and the peo- ^^^ 
 pie. They referred this delicate topic to the en- 
 fuing meeting of the parliament ; and the leaders 
 of the Congregation engaged, that deputies from 
 the three eftates fliould repair to the King and 
 Queen, to know their intentions concerning mat- ' 
 ters of fuch high importance. 
 
 After having granted thefe concelHons to the Treaty of 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 nobility and the people of Scotland, upon the 
 part of their refpe^live courts, Monluc and Ran- 
 dan, Cecil and Wotton, concluded another deed 
 of treaty and agreement. By this convention it 
 was determined, that the Englifti and French 
 troops ftiould depart out of Scotland ; that 
 all warlike preparations iliould ceafe ; that the 
 fort of Aymouth fhould be rafed to the ground, 
 in terms of the treaty of Cambray ; that Francis 
 and Mary fhould abftain from bearing the title 
 and arnls of England or Ireland ; that it Should 
 be confidered, whether a farther compenfation 
 fhould be made to Elizabeth for the injuries com- 
 mitted againft her; and that the King and Queen 
 of Scots fhould be fully and fmcerdy reconciled 
 to the nobility and the people of their kingdom. 
 The interefls of England and France were the 
 K k particular 
 
250 HISTORY OF THE REFpRMATION 
 
 Book HI. particular objects of this agreement. But though 
 ^y^ the conceiEons to the Proteflants were not in- 
 ferted in it at full length, an expreflive reference 
 was made to them ; and they received a confir- 
 mation in terms which could not be mifunder- 
 ftood or controverted. This deed recorded the 
 clemency of Francis and Mary to their fubjefts 
 of Scotland, the extreme willingnefs of the nobi- 
 lity and the people to return to their duty and 
 allegiance, the reprefentation they had offered of 
 their grievances, and the requefl; of Queen Eliza- 
 beth, that redrefs ftiould be afforded to them ; and 
 it appealed to the confequent conceflions which 
 had been flipulated to their advantage * 
 
 By thefe important negociations, the Pro- 
 teflants, while they humbled France, flattered 
 Queen Elizabeth ; and while they acquired a 
 power to aft in the eftablifliment of the Refor- 
 mation, reftored its civil conftitution to Scotland. 
 The CKclufion of foreigners from offices t)f ftate, 
 the limitation of the Scottifli Princes with regard 
 to peace and war,, the advancement of the three 
 eftates to their ancient confequence, and the aft 
 of oblivion of all offences, were acquifitions mod 
 
 extenfively 
 
 * C01LE6TION of Records, No. XXI. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 25I 
 
 extenfively great and ufeful ; and while they ope- Book hi. 
 rated the fulled fecurity to the Reformed, gra- ij6o, 
 tified all their happiefl and mofl fanguine expefta- 
 tions. 
 
 The peace, fo fortunately concluded, was ira- thc pro- 
 mediately proclaimed. The French mercenaries the p^eacc" 
 embarked for their own country, and the Englilh pivin^" 
 army took the road to Berwick. Amidlt events poimment 
 fo joyful, the preachers exhorted the confedera- and7upcr"^ 
 ted Nobles to command the folemnity of a thankf- ** ^" ^" *' 
 giving. It was ordered accordingly ; and after 
 its celebration, the commifTioners of the boroughs, 
 with feveral of the nobility, and the tenants in 
 capite^ were appointed to chufe and depute rai- 
 nifters to preach the gofpel in the principal towns 
 throughout the kingdom. John Knox was cal- 
 led to difcharge the paftoral funftions at Edin- 
 burgh, Chriftopher Goodman at St Andrews, 
 Adam Heriot at Aberdeen, John Row at Perth, 
 Paul Meven at Jedburgh, William Chrillifon at 
 Dundee, David Fergufon at Dunferraling, and 
 David Lindfey at Leith. That the bufmefsof 
 the church, at the fame time, might be managed 
 with propriety, fuperintendents were elefted to 
 prefide over the ^cclefiaflical affairs of particular 
 province? and diilrifts. Mr John Spotfwood 
 l^k 2 \va§ 
 
252 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. was named to fuperintendent for the divifion of 
 ^-'^^^ Lothian, Mr John Willocks for that of Glafgow, 
 Mr John Winram for that of Fife, Mr John Er- 
 ikineof Dun for that of Angus and Merns, and 
 Mr John Carfwell for that of Argyle and the 
 Ifles. This inconfiderable number of miniflers 
 and fuperintendents gave a beginning to the Re- 
 formed church of Scotland *. 
 
 fhepariia- Amidst the triumph and exuhation of the 
 lembies. * Ptoteftants, the meeting of the parhament ap- 
 proached. An univerfal curiofity and attention 
 were excited. All perfons who had a title 
 from law, or from ancient cuftom, to attend the 
 great council of the nation, were called to aflem- 
 ble there. The democratical fpirit of the 
 Scottifli conftitution difplayed itfelf. While there 
 was a full convention of the greater barons and 
 the prelates, the inferior tenants in capite, or the 
 lefler barons, upon an occafion fo great, inflead 
 of appearing by reprefentation, came in crowds 
 to give perfonally their affiftance and votes ; and 
 all the commiiTioners for the boroughs, without 
 exception, prefented themfelves f. 
 
 It 
 
 t> 
 
 * Knox, p. 251, 353 Spotfwood, p. 149. 
 f Spotswood, p. 149- The roll of the members of this 
 yarJiamant is of fufficiem curiofity to be laid before the read- 
 er, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 253 
 
 It was objected to this parliament, when it book iir. 
 
 was affembled, that it could not be valid, fince *^>^v"^ 
 
 1560. 
 Francis i" legality 
 
 is dilputed 
 
 .,^^^^-;-—;————^^^—^—--—^^ss=s:=z:==:=:=:====:===:==z:==^====== '^^'^ con- 
 firmed. 
 
 er, and had the fortune to be pteferved in the Cotton H- Jt'fons^jf" 
 
 brary. Keith, p. 146. 
 
 •* The names of the Erlis, Lordis, Clergye, and vtheris of 
 " the States that were at the laft parlament. 
 
 « TAMES Duke off Chattellerault, James Earle off Ar- 
 «* '^rane, Archybald Erie off Ergyle, Jhon Erie off Athole, 
 ** Williame Erie Marfchal, David Erie Crawfurd, James 
 ** Erie MortouD, Alexander Erie off Glencarne, Andro 
 « Erie off Rothes, Hew Erie off Eglintoun, Gilbert Erie 
 ** off Caffillis, Jhon Erie off Sutherland, George Erie off 
 ♦• Caitnefs, Jhon Erie of Monteith, Jhon Archbifchop Sanft- 
 ** andr. commendatare off Paflay, Robert Bifchop off Dun- 
 ** kcld, William Bii'chop off Dumblane, James Bifchop off 
 ** Ergyl, Alexander Avchblfchop of Athenis, tU&. of Gal- 
 ** loway and commendatare off Incheffray, Jhon eleft off 
 *• the His, commendatare off Ycolmkyl and Archattane. 
 
 " George Lord Gordoun, Jhon Lord Erflcyn, Patrilc 
 ^* Lord Ruthven, Alexr. Lord Home, Jhon Lord Lynde- 
 ** fay off the Byris, Williame Lord Hay of Zeflir, James 
 " Lord Somervile, William Lord Levingftoun, Andro 
 ** Lord Stewart off Ouchiltree, Alexr. Lord Saltoun, Robert 
 *• Lord Boyd, Robert Lord Elphinftoun, Jhon Lord In- 
 *♦ nermeith, Patrik Lord Gray, James Lord Ogylvie, Jhon 
 " Lord Glamis, John Lord Borthuik, Allane LordCath- 
 ^* cart, James Lord San6l Johnis. 
 
 " James commendatare of the Priorie off San£landros and 
 ** Pettinweme, Jhon commendatare off Abirbrothok, Ro- 
 f bert commendatare off Halyrudhows, Jhon commendatare 
 
 the Re- 
 formed. 
 
254 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book 111. Francis and Mary were not prefent, and had 
 ^"^"J^^ not empowered any pcrfon to reprefeiit them. 
 
 But 
 
 '* ofFColdinghame, Jhon abbot of Lundorls, Donald abbot 
 *« off Couper, Andro commendatare of Jedburgh and Re- 
 ** ftcnnotjMark commendatare of Newbotile, Adam commen- 
 
 *' datare off Dundrannen, Jhon abbot off Newabbay, 
 
 *' commendatare off Dryburgh and Inchmahome, Po- 
 
 " ftulat off Cambuficynneth, James commendatare off Sanft 
 •* Colmis Inche, William commendatare off Cuirofs, Walter 
 ** abbot of Kinlofs, Gawine commendatare off Kilwynnyng, 
 *' Nichol abbot off Feme, Robert commendatare off Deir, 
 ** Jhon priour off Portmoak, Robert commendatare off Sanft 
 ** Marie Ifle, Robert minifter f off Faulfurde. 
 
 *' The commiffaries off burrois, viz, Edinburgh, Strlve- 
 *' ling, Perth, Abirdene, Dunde, AJr, Irwein, Hading- 
 " town, Lynlythgow, Glafgow, Peblis, Jedburgh, Selkirk, 
 *• Coupar, Kinghorne, Banff, Forfar, Invernes, Montrof»| 
 " Kirkcudbricht, Wigtoun, Inncrkethyng, 
 
 " WiLHAME Maider Merfcheal, Jhqn Maifter off MaX" 
 <* well off Terriglis Knycht, Patrik Maifter Lindefay, Hen* 
 " ry Maifter Sinclare,Williarae Maifter off Glencarne, Hew 
 *' Maifter Somervile, James Dowglas off Drumlangrig Knycht, 
 *' Jhon Gordoun of Lochlnver, Alexander Stuart off Gar- 
 ** leifs, Jhon Wallace off Cragye, William Cwninghameoff 
 *' Cwninghameheid, Jhon Cwninghame off Caprlntoun, Jhon 
 ** Mwre off Rowallane,PatrlkHowfton off that I.'h.GeorgeBu- 
 *' quhannane off that Ilk, Robert Menteith off Kerfs, James 
 
 f He was probably a Prefefl of a religious houfe, ^nd might fit in 
 parliament in a double capacity, as being a prelate, aod a tenant in 
 
 " Strlvillins 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. ^^^ 
 
 But by the terms of the late eonceifions to the book. iir. 
 nobility and the people, they had in effeft difpenf- ^^^T^ 
 
 ed 
 
 ** Striviling ofF Keir, Willam Murray off Tullibardin, An- 
 " dro Murray off Balwarde, Jhon Wifeheart of Pitarro, 
 ** Williame Douglas of Lochlevin, Colin Campbel of Glen- 
 *' urquhard, Williame Sinclare off Rolling, Jhon Creich- 
 ** toun off Strathurde, Alexander Irweln off Drum, • ■ ■ - 
 « Allerdes off that Ilk, Alexander Frazer of Philorth, Wil- 
 ** liam Tnnes of that Ilk, — — Sutherland off Duffus, Jhon 
 *' Grant of Freuchy, Robert Monro off Fowlis, George 
 ** Ogylvie off Dunlugus, David Ogylvie off that Ilk, Jhon 
 ** Ogyhic off Innerquharite, ■— — Ogylvie off Cloway, — — 
 ** Ouch* '-l©ny of Kelly, Jhon Straithauchin (Strachan) off 
 <* Thorntown, Andro Straton of Lawreftown, John Creich- 
 
 ** ton off Ruthvennis, Thoraas Blair off Baltheok, — • 
 
 " Ogilvy off Inchmertyn, Thomas Maule off Panmure, 
 *' Archibjild Douglas off Glenbarve, Thomas Foitringh- 
 *' hame off Powry, Robert Grahame of Morpky, Ro- 
 «* bert Stewart off Roffyth, Walter Lundy of that Ilk, 
 
 *« Myretoun off Cammo, Arthure Forbes off 
 
 ** Reres, Andro Wod off Largo, John Kynneir off 
 «' that Ilk, Robert Logan off Reftalrig, George Didd of 
 •« that Ilk, Jhon Edmeftone off that Ilk zounger, Gilbert 
 ** Wauchop off NiddreMerfcheal, George Home off Spot, 
 " — — Hamiltoun of Innerweik, David Home off Wed- 
 
 «* derburne, Nifbet off that Ilk, Jhon Swinton off that 
 
 ** Ilk, William Hamiltoun off Sanchar, George Crawfurde 
 
 « off Leffures, James Cockburoe off Scrab'ng, Twedy 
 
 " off Drumelzear, Hew Wallace off Carnel, Robert Lynde- 
 " fay off Dunrod, Robert Maxwel off Calderwpgd, Patrik 
 " Lermonth offDerfy, George Lermonth off Balcomy, Jhoa 
 
 "^ Carioichal 
 
Z^6 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 BOOK 111. ed with this formality ; and the objeftion, after 
 ^^^^ having been agitated with heat for fome days, 
 was rejefted by a majority of voices. The Lords 
 of the Articles were then chofen ; and as thePro- 
 teftant party were fuperior to the Popiili faftion, 
 they were careful, in elefting the members of this 
 committee, to favour all thofe who were difpofed 
 to forward the work of the Reformation. The 
 
 firit 
 
 " Carmichal off that Ilk, Jhon Carmlchael off Medowflat, 
 •' George Haliburton off Petcur, James Haring off Glafclune, 
 
 ** Stewart off Grantuly, Jhon Stewart off ArntuIIy, 
 
 *' James Meinzies off that Ilk, Jhon Forrel off that Ilk, 
 *' Maifter Alexander Levingftoun off Donipace, Jhon Creich- 
 ** ton tutor off Sanchar, Jhon Cwninghame off Drumquhaf- 
 ** fil, David Hamiltoun off Fingaltoun, Henry Wardlaw off 
 
 " Torry, Bamfay off Banff, James Herlot ofFTrabron, 
 
 " Walter Ker off Cesfurde, Jhon Ker off Pharnlhurft, Jhon 
 " Jhonftoun off that Ilk, William Dowglas offQuittinghame, 
 '* Neil Montgomery off Langfchaw, Patiik Montgomery off 
 
 •' Giffine, Montgomery off Hefil-heid, Williame Cran- 
 
 ** ftoune off that Ilk, Thomas Macaowal off Makcarfton, 
 ** Jhon Home off" Coldingknowis, Patrik Hepburne off 
 " Wauchtoun, James Foreftar off Corftorphin, Jhon Sande- 
 " iandis off Calder, Williame Lauder off Haltoun, John Cok- 
 ** burne off Ormeftoune, George Brown off CoKloun, James 
 
 *' Sandelandis off Cruvy, Baillie off Lamyngtoun, Sir 
 
 *' James Hamiltoun off Cramfurde, John^Knyght, — — Ar~ 
 « buthnot off that Ilk. 
 
 " With money vtheris faaronis, fre haldaris, and landic 
 *' men, biit £■/. e. without] all armour." 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 257 
 
 firfl objeft which the Lords of the Articles held Book lu. 
 out to the parliament was, the Supplication of ^^Q/ 
 the nobility, the gentry, and all the other perfons 
 who profefTed the new doftrines. It required 
 that the Romiili church fliould be condemned and 
 aboliflied. It reprobated the tenet of tranfubftan- 
 tiation, the merit of works, Papiflical indulgences, 
 purgatory, pilgrimages, and prayers to departed 
 faints ; and confidering them as peftilent errors, 
 and as fatal to falvation, it demanded that all thofe 
 who fliould teach and maintain them fliould be 
 expofed to correction and punifliment. It demand- 
 ed, that a remedy Ihould be applied againfl; the 
 profanation of the holy facraments by the Roman 
 Catholics, and that the ancient difcipline of the 
 church fliould be reftored. In fine, it infilled, 
 that the fupremacy and authority of the Pope 
 fhould be aboliflied, and that the patrimony of 
 the church fliould be employed in fupporting the 
 Reformed miniflry, in the provifioa of fchools 
 and in the maintenance of the poor *. 
 
 , This fupplication of the Proteflants was re- 
 ceived in parliament with marks of the greatefl 
 deference and refpea. The Popifh doftrines it SyTcRc 
 L I cenfured. 
 
 A Confef. 
 fion of 
 Faith is 
 
 * Collection of Records, No. XXII. 
 
 formed, and 
 approved 
 by the par» 
 liamcnt. 
 
258 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book HI. cenfurcd, and the ilrong language it employed, 
 ^^T^ excited no difpiite or altercation. The nobility, 
 however, and the lay members, did not think it 
 expedient, that the patrimony of the church, in 
 all its extent, fliould be alloted to the Reformed 
 miniflry, and the fupport of fchools and the poor. 
 Avoiding, therefore, any explicit fcrutiny into this 
 point, the parliament gave it in charge to the mi- 
 niflers, and the leading men of the Reformation, 
 to draw up, under diflinft hesds, the fubflance and 
 fenfe of thofe do(5lrines which ought to be eflabhli- 
 ed over the kingdom. Within four days this im- 
 portant bufmefs was accompliflied. The writing 
 or inftrument to which the Reformed committed 
 their oj iiiions was termed, " The ConfeiTion of 
 " Fairli profelTed and believed by the Proteflants 
 *^' within the realm of Scotland *." It was read 
 firft to the Lords of the Articles. It was then 
 read to the parliament ; and the prelates of the 
 Romifli church were commanded, in the name of 
 God, to make publicly their objeftions to the doc- 
 trines it propo/ed. They preferved a profound 
 filence. A new diet was appointed for concluding 
 
 the 
 
 * It is given al fall length .'n Knox, in the CoUedion of 
 Confeffions of Faith, vol. ii. and in the Statute Book, Pari. 
 J567. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND, 259 
 
 the tranfaftion. The ai'ticles of the Confeilion Book iir. 
 Were again read over in their order ; and the votes ^^^^^ 
 of the parliament were called. Of the temporal 
 nobility, three only refufed to bedow upon it their 
 authority. The Earl of Athol, and the Lords 
 Somerville and Bothwel, proteiled that " they 
 " would believe as their fathers had done before 
 " them." The bifliops, and the eftate eccleilaf- 
 tical, from a confcioufnefs of the weaknefs of Po- 
 pery, from a policy that looked for the arrival of 
 more favourable times, from an abjeft terror, or 
 from the greatnefs of their misfortunes, feemed to 
 have lofl all power of fpeech. No diiTent, no vote 
 was given by them. " It is long," faid the Earl 
 Mariihall, " fince I entertainecl a jealoufy of the 
 " Romifti faith, and an affe(ftion to the Reformed 
 " do<fl:rines. But this day has afforded me the 
 *' completell conviiflion of the faliliood of the 
 *' one, and the truth of the other. The billiops, 
 " who do not conceive themfelves to be deficient 
 " in learning, and whofe zeal for the maintain- 
 " ance of the hierarchy cannot be doubted, have 
 " abandoned their rehgion, and their interefls in 
 *' it, as objefts which admit of no defence or 
 " juftification." All the other conftituent mem- 
 bers of this great council were zealous for the c- 
 flabliiliment of the Reformation, and affirmed the 
 L 1 2 propriety 
 
■266 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. propriety of its doci:rines. Thus the high court 
 ^T^ of parUament, with great deliberation and folem- 
 nity, examined, voted, and ratified the confeflion 
 Auguft 17. of the Reformed faith *. 
 
 The aboH- A FEW days after the eflablifliment of the Con- 
 
 tionofthe r ^ ^ 1- rr t n 
 
 mafs. feflion of Faith, the parhament palled an act a- 
 
 gainft the mafs, and the exercife of the Romilh 
 worfhip. And it fcrupled not to ordain, that all 
 perfons, faying or hearing mafs, ftiould, for the 
 firfl offence, be expofed to the confifcation of their 
 eftates, and to a corporal chaflifement, at the dif- 
 cretion of the magiftrate ; that for the fecond of- 
 fence, they (liould be baniflied out of the king- 
 dom ; and that for the third offence they ftiould 
 incur and fuffer the pains of death f. This fierce- 
 refs, it is to be acknowledged, did not fuit the 
 generofity of viftory ; and while an excufe is 
 fought for it in the perfidioufnefs of the Romifti 
 prieflhood, it efcapes not the obfervation of the 
 moft fuperficial hiftoriaus, that thefe fe verities 
 were exaftly thofe of which the Proteflants had 
 complained fo loudly, and with fo much juflice. 
 The human mind, in the warmth of tumult and 
 
 agitation, 
 
 '^ Knox, p. 250, 252, 172. Spotfwood, p^ijo. 
 -}• Collection of R.ccords, No. XXIII. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. sGl 
 
 agitation, reconciles itfelf to violence of every Book iir. 
 kind ; and under a ftrong fenfe of a criterion of ^^Q^ 
 religious right, it is conftantly forgot that any inju- 
 ry is committed, in the compulfion of mankind to 
 embrace tenets, which are conceived to conftitute 
 their duty in this flate, and to conduft them to 
 happinefs in another. The utter contempt and 
 abhorrence of perfecution, and the philofophical 
 and unbounded toleration of opinion, have never 
 diftinguilhed the praftice of nations, and are ne- 
 ver to be expelled from them. They ferve only 
 to illuflrate the capacity and the virtue of thofe 
 rare and fmgular individuals, who are the favour- 
 ites of heaven, who feel a fuperiority over the 
 herd of the fpecies, and enjoy and exercife the 
 fulleft powers of the underllanding, and the beil 
 affeftions of the heart. 
 
 By another ordination, the parliament, after Aboiitioncf 
 having declared, that the Pope, or Billiop of auttuTrity. 
 Rome, had infli61ed a deep wound and a humili- 
 ating injury upon the fovereignty and government 
 of Scotland, by his frequent interferences and 
 claims of power, commanded and decreed, that, 
 for the future, his jurifdiftion and authority 
 {hould be dead and extinft ; and that all perfons 
 maintaining the fmalleft connedlion with him, or 
 
 with 
 
2^2 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. with his feft, fliould be liable to the lofs of ho- 
 ^^,^0 nour and offices, profcription and baniftiment *. 
 
 The^iariia. These memorable and decifive flatutes atchiev» 
 the ratifica- ed the ovcrtlirow of the Romilli religion. It pe- 
 procedings rifticd without thofe ftruggles which might have 
 cis and Ma- been cxpe6led from the grandeur to which it had 
 ri^en. An immenfe and difproportioned flrufture 
 falling to pieces, covered the ground with unfeem- 
 ly ruins. To obtain to thefe proceedings, and 
 to its other ordinances, the approbation of Fran- 
 cis and Mary, was an objeft of the greatefl anxie- 
 ty, and of infinite moment to the three eftates. 
 . Sir James Sandilands, Lord St. John, was there- 
 fore appointed to go to France, and to exprefs to 
 the King and Queen the affeftion and allegiance 
 of their fubjefts, to explain what had been done 
 in confequence of the late conceffions and treaty, 
 and to folicit their royal ratification of thetranfac- 
 tions of the parliament f. The fpirited behaviour 
 of the Congregation had, however, exceeded all 
 the expeftations of the Princes of Lorraine ; and 
 the bufmefs of the embafly, and the ambaffador 
 himfelf, though a man of character and probity, 
 
 were 
 
 Collection of Records, No. XXIV. 
 ■\ Keith, Appendix, p. 91. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLiAND. 263 
 
 were treated not only with ridicule, but with in- bookUL 
 fult and contumely. He returned, accordingly, ^'•^''^'^^' 
 
 1560. 
 
 without any anfwer to his commiilion. Initead of 
 fubmitting the heads and topics of a reformation 
 to Francis and Mary, by a petition or a narrative, 
 the parliament had voted them into laws ; and 
 from this informality the validity of its proceed- 
 ings has been fufpefted. But it is obfervable of 
 the Proteftants, that they had not concealed their 
 views with regard to religion, and the abolition of 
 Popery ; that in the grant of redrefs and concef- 
 fion, and in the deed of treaty, no actual prohibi- 
 tion was made to bar the eftablifliment of the Re- 
 formation ; th?.t a general authority was given to 
 the parliament to decide in affairs of flate ; and 
 that Francis and Mary were lolcmnly bound to 
 authenticate its tranfaclions. Though a formaU- 
 ty was invaded, the fpirit of the treaties was yet 
 refpecled and maintained. The nation, of confe- 
 quence, imputed the conduft of Francis and Mary 
 to political reafo'is, fuggefted by the Princes of 
 Lorraine, and to the artifices oi- the Popifli clergy ; 
 and as Elizabeth did not refufe, upon her part, 
 the ratification of the agreements *, and folicited 
 and prefled the French court in vam to adopt the 
 
 fame 
 
 * Rymer, Fcedera, vol. xv. p. 601. 
 
264 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book HI. fame meafure, a ftrength and force were thence 
 
 ^♦"^"Y"^ communicated to this conclufion *. 
 1360. 
 
 The fagacity of the leaders of the Congrega- 
 tion, not lefs than their zeal for rehgion, had in- 
 duced them to think of the bold and determined 
 meafures which they executed. A parliamentary 
 ran£Vion could alone give the pre-eminence to the 
 Reformed Do6lrines. They knew and under- 
 flood the councils, refinements, and ambition of 
 the Houfe of Guile. It was therefore their chief 
 concern, to prevent the poiTibility of a difappoint- 
 ment. To have committed their tenets of reli- 
 gion, and their views of Reformation, to a fuppli- 
 cation or a bill, and to have prefented them in 
 that form to Francis and Mary, was a flow and an 
 uncertain method of aftion. It was fure of creat- 
 ing delays, and it expofed them to dangers, by 
 neceflai-ily involving them in intrigues with a court 
 which was fruitful in expedients, and inflamed to 
 a wild hofl:ility againfl: their proje^ls, by the 
 double and powerful incentives of interell and re- 
 ligion. The refufal, accordingly, of Francis and 
 Mary to ratify the proceedings of the three e- 
 
 fl:ates. 
 
 * Buchanan, Htft. Rer. Scot. lib. xvii. Kncx, p. 274. 
 Spotfwood, p. 150, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 265 
 
 ftates, did not deflroy their eiFe(5t and operation, book m. 
 The parliament protefled its own afts ; the people i^^q. 
 beftowed upon them their refpeft, and honoured 
 them with their obedience ; and Popery, defeated 
 and in defpondence, but not without hope, took 
 her flight from Scotland. 
 
 When the three eftates difpatched Sir James Embaffy tp 
 
 England. 
 
 Sandilands to France, they inftnifted the Earls of The pariia- 
 Morton and Glencaim, with Maitland of Lething- pofesthe 
 
 union of 
 
 ton, to repair to the court of England. By thele England 
 
 and Scot- 
 
 ambafiadors they prefented to Elizabeth their fin- land, by the 
 
 marriage of 
 
 cere and refpeftful thanks, for the attention fliewn Queen eh- 
 
 zabethwith 
 
 by her to Scotland, in her late moft important the Eari of 
 fervices. They difplayed the advantages of the 
 union of the two nations ; and while they folicit- 
 cd the continuance of her favour and protection, 
 entreated, in an earnefl manner, that her majefty, 
 for the eftabUfliment of a perpetual peace and a- 
 mity, would be pleafed to take in marriage the 
 Earl of Arran, the next heir, after his father, to 
 the Scottifli monarchy. It was with real joy that 
 the Queen of England received the acknowledg- 
 ments of the people of Scotland for the benefits 
 flie had conferred upon them. She made new 
 and fervent proteflations of her regard and attach- 
 ment ; and gave the promife of her waxmeft aid 
 M m when 
 
i56 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book. III. when it fliould be necelTary, in their jufl: defence, 
 ^y^ upon any future occafion. She fpoke in obliging 
 terms of the Earl of Arran, but as flie found in 
 herfelf no prefent difpofition to marriage, fhe de- 
 fired that he might confult his happinefs in another 
 alliance. She expreffed a favourable opinion of 
 the prudence and capacity of the Scottidi nobi- 
 lity, and as a demonflration of her afFeftion and 
 efteem, flie took the liberty to remind them of 
 the praftices which had been employed to over- 
 turn their independency j and begged them to 
 confider the unanimity and concord of their or- 
 der as a necelTary guard againft the ambition and 
 the artifice of the enemies of their nation ** 
 
 The deli- 
 cate ftate 
 of the Con 
 
 The fuccefs of the Congregation, though 
 great and illuftrious, was not yet completely de- 
 gregation. cifive. They were happy in the overthrow of 
 Popery, and in the patronage of Queen Elizabeth; 
 but the refufal of Frarcis and Mary to ratify 
 their proceedings, opened up a fource of bitter- 
 nefs and inquietude. The Popilli party, though 
 humbled, was not annihilated. Under the royal 
 proteftion it would foon be formidable. Politi- 
 cal 
 
 * BuRHET, vol. Hi. Colledion of Record?, p. 308, 309, 
 310 Kciib, p. 154, 156. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 26/ 
 
 cal confiderations might arile, not only to cool Book m. 
 the amity of England, but even to provoke its ,^50. 
 refentment ; and France, though it could now 
 tranfport no army againfl Scotland, might foon 
 be able to adopt that expedient. Cruel diftrac- 
 tions, and fevere calamities were flill to be dread- 
 ed. In the narrownefs of their own refources 
 they could find no folid and permanent fecurity 
 againfl the rage and weight of domeflic fa<ftion, 
 and the ftrenuous exertions of an extenfive king- 
 dom. All their fair atchievements might be blaft- 
 ed and overthrown. Popery might again build 
 up her towers, and a fanguinary domination de- 
 ftroy alike their religious and civil liberties * 
 
 M m 2 While 
 
 * About this time, Maitland of Lethington writes in the 
 following manner to Sir William Cecil. ** Thofe that give 
 *' themfelves forth for Proteftants be not all alike earneftly 
 *' bent to maintain it. Some have been accuftomed fo to 
 ** feed upon the French fare, that their delicate ftomachs can- 
 " not well digeft any other. Some be fo covetous, that 
 *' wherefoever the lure of commodity is (hown unto them, 
 *' thither will they fly. Some fo inconftant, that they may 
 «* be eafily carried away by the countenance of their Princefs's 
 '' prefence, fometimes (hewing them a good vifage, and 
 ^' fometimes, as occafion fiiall require, frowning on them. 
 #' Others there be fa carelefs and ignorant, that they. will 
 
 rather 
 
268 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book. III. While the anguifli of melancholy apprehen- 
 ^■^■^^ fions reprefled the triumph of the Congregation, 
 ?Fran-^^ the cvcnt which could operate moft to their in- 
 ef.ii. terefls 
 
 " rather refpeft their preftnt eafe, which fhall bring after it 
 *' moft grevious calamities, than with the hazard of a little 
 " prefent incommodity put them and theirs in full fecurity 
 " afterwards. Thefe to be a great number in our late dan- 
 ** ger, we had large experience ; yet I doubt not but the 
 " beft fort will conftantly and ftoutly bear out that which 
 *• they have begun. Mary, what difficulty and hazard fhall 
 ** be in it you may judge, when the Queen fhall fo eafily wia 
 *' to her party the whole Papifls, and fo many Proteftants 
 *' as be addided to the French faftion, covetous, inconftant, 
 ** uneafy, ignorant, or carelefs. So long as her Highnefs 
 <' is abfent, in this cafe there is no peril, but you may judge 
 «• what the prefence of a Prince, being craftily counfelled, 
 *' is able to bring to pafs. — I afFure you this whole realm is 
 •♦ in a miferable cafe. If the Queen our Sovereign come 
 *' (hortly home, the dangers be evident and many ; and if 
 
 " fhe fhall not come, it is not without great peril : 
 
 <' yea, what is not to be feared in a realm lacking lawful go- 
 " vernment i It is now more than two years pafl that we 
 ** have lived in a manner without any regiment ; which when 
 <« I confider foractimes with myfelf, I marvel from whence 
 ** doth proceed the quietncfs we prefently enjoy, the like 
 *• whereof, I think, all circumflances being weighed, was 
 •* never feen in any realm. It would feem irapoffible that 
 ** any people could fo long be contained in order without 
 •:' fear of punifhraent, and ftrid execution of the laws; and 
 <* indeed I cannot by fearching find out any probable reafon, 
 
 but 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 269 
 
 terefts was anounced to them. This event was Book iil 
 the death of Francis II. The tie which knit Scot- ^"^^^T 
 land to France was thus broken. A new fcene 
 of politics difplayed itfelf. Catharine de Medi* 
 CIS, the Queen Mother, ruled Charles IX. and 
 was the perfonal enemy of the Queen of Scots. 
 The power and the credit which Mary had lent 
 to her uncles, and the frequent and humiliating 
 difappointmeats which the Queen Mother had 
 fufFered from her influence over Francis, were 
 now repaid with a ftudied indilTerence and neglect. 
 In the full perfe£lion of her charms, with two 
 crowns upon her head, and looking towards a 
 a third, flie felt herfelf to be without grandeur 
 and without confequence. Leaving a court 
 where (he had experienced all the moll exquifite 
 enjoyments of which humanity is fufceptible, flie 
 retired to Rheims *, to know and to indulge in. 
 the exacerbation of mifery and forrow. Her 
 eyes, not the lefs beautiful for having wept, were 
 
 con- 
 
 *• but only that it has pleafcd the goodnefs of God to give 
 •♦ this glory to his truth preached among us ; but by all 
 " worldly judgment the policy cannot thus long endure ; fo 
 " that for this refpeft her abfence to us is moft pernicious.— 
 ** Thus whether (he come or not we be in a great ftrait.'*— 
 Keith, Append, p. 92, 93. 
 
 * Lb SLY, d? Rcb. Geft. Scot. ap. Jebb. p. 2264 
 
270 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. Continually flooded with tears ; and in the per- 
 ^^^^ turbed flate of her native kingdom, to which flie 
 was foon to return, her anxious and foreboding 
 mind, ingenious to prolong its woe, aheady 
 anticipated new and hard conflicts of misfortune 
 and difquiet. 
 
 The efta- In the humiliation of their Queen, and in the 
 
 blilhment ^ , ^~ 
 
 of the Pref- change produced in the councils of France, the 
 
 byterian 
 
 Church. Protellants found every poflible encouragement 
 to proceed wij:h vigour in the full eftablilliment 
 of the Reformed do£lrines. After the dilTolving 
 of the parliament *, they turned their thoughts 
 and attention to the plan of policy which might 
 fuit beil the tenets and religion for which they 
 had coniended. The three eftates, amidft their 
 other tranfaftions, had granted a commiiTion to 
 Mr John Winram, Mr John Spotfwood, John 
 Willocks, Mr John Douglafs, Mr John Row, 
 and John Knox f, to frame and model a fchemc 
 or platform of ecclefiaflical government. They 
 were not long in complying with an order fo a- 
 greeable to them, and compofed what is termed 
 i/je Firjl Book of Dijc'ipline ; in which they ex- 
 plained 
 
 * Knox, p. 275. 
 
 t Preface to the Book of Difcipline. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 27I 
 
 plained the uniformity and method which ought book hi. 
 to be preferved concerning doftrine, the admini- ^^o 
 ftration of the facraments, the election and provi- 
 fion of miniflers, and the policy of the church. — 
 In performing this interefling bufmefs, they had 
 chiefly in view the Reformed Affembly, or the 
 religious eftabHfliment of Geneva *. They de- ,_^ 
 parted in a wide extremity from the fplendour 
 and pomp of the Romifli forms and ceremonies ; 
 difdaining to flatter the fenfes and imagination j 
 and confident and fecure that the native purity 
 and brightnefs of their doftrines were fully fulH- 
 cient to uphold them. All exterior greatnefs, 
 the allurement of magnificence, the charm of 
 painting, and the inchantment of mufic, were dif- 
 regarded, not only as mean and ufelefs artifices, 
 but as dangerous trappings, which might obfcure 
 and degrade the interefts and dignity of truth. — 
 They fought to revive the plainnefs and fincerity 
 of primitive times. All the functions of religion 
 were to be performed by minifl:ers ele£led by the 
 people, and by fuperintendents who prefided over 
 particular difl:ri£ls f. By thefe no charge was ar- 
 rogated 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 174. 
 
 t Book of Difcipline, ap. Cclkaion of Confeffions of 
 Faith, vol. ii. 
 
272 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. rogatcd in fecular affairs. Too humble for am- 
 ,^6o_ bition, and undillrafted with legiflative concerns, 
 they were left in the fuUefl leifure to attend to 
 apoftolic cares. 
 
 January 17, A CONVENTION of the cflatcs pavc its fan6lion 
 1561. *=* 
 
 to the Prefbyterian fcheme of government. But 
 
 while the Book of Difcipline fketched out a policy 
 fo beautiful for its fimplicity, it yet required that 
 the patrimony, and the rich poffeJTions of the an- 
 cient church, lliould be allotted to the new efta- 
 bliftiment. The reformers, however, fo fuccefs- 
 ful in the doctrines and the policy they had pro- 
 pofed, were here infinitely unfortunate. This 
 convention of the eftates did not pay a more re- 
 fpe6lful regard to this propofal, than the celebra- 
 ted parliament had done, which demoliflied the 
 mafs, and the jurifdi(^ion of the fee of Rome, 
 They affecled to confider it as no better than a 
 dream. The exprelHon, a devout imagination, 
 was applied to it in mockery j and it was not till 
 after long and painful fhruggles, that the new e- 
 flablifliment was able to procure to itfelf a be- 
 coming and neceffary provifion and fupport. The 
 Romiili clergy were flrenuous to continue in their 
 f ofleiTions, and to profit by them J and the no- 
 bles and the laity having feized upon great pro- 
 portions 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 273 
 
 portions of the property of the church, were no Book hi. 
 lefs anxious to retain the acquifitions they had j^^,,. 
 made *. 
 
 The averfion entertained from bellowing rich- An Envoy 
 €S upon the Prefbyterian eftabhfhment, encoura- France. 
 ged the ardour which prevailed for advancing all 
 the other views and interefts of the Reformed. 
 And this end was alfo promoted *in no inconfider- 
 able degree, by the infidious policy of Catharine 
 de Medicis. She was willing to encreafe and to 
 foiler all the difficulties and dangers in the fitua- 
 tion of the Queen of Scots and her fubjefts. Up- 
 on this account, flie had engaged Charles IX. to 
 difpatch Monfieur Noailles to the Scottifli parlia- ' 
 ment, to urge it in flrong terms to renew the an- 
 cient league between the two kingdoms, to diiTolve 
 the alliance with England, and to re-eftabliili over 
 Scotland the Popifh doftrines and the Popifli cler- 
 gy. A new meeting of theeftates wasaflembled. May, 
 which confidered thefe ftrange requifitions, and 
 treated them with the indignation they merited. 
 Monfieur Noailles was inflrudled to inform his 
 fovereign, that France having a^led with cruelty 
 and perfidioufnefs towards the Scots, by attacking 
 N n their 
 
 * Knox, p. 276. 
 
274 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book HI. their indepeiidcncy and liberties, under the cover 
 ^y^ and pretence of amity and marriage, did not de- 
 ferve to know them any longer as an ally ; that 
 principles of jiiftice, a love of probity, and a high 
 fenfe of gratitude, did not permit the Scottilh par- 
 liament to break the confederacy with England, 
 which had generoufly protected their country a- 
 gainft the tyrannical views of the French court, 
 and the treacherous machinations of the Houfe 
 of Guife ; and that they were never to acknow- 
 cdge the Popifli clergy to be an order of men, or 
 the legal pofTefTors of the patrimony of the church; 
 fnice, having aboliflied the power of the Pope, 
 and renounced his doctrines, they could bellow 
 no favour or countenance upon his vafl'als and 
 fervants *, 
 
 f nai '^^ ^^^^ council of the eilates a new fupplication 
 
 dfOruaion ^yj^g prefented by the Proteftants. They depart- 
 ed from the high claim which they had made for 
 the riches and patrimony of the Popiili church , 
 and it was only requefled by them, that a reafor- 
 able or decent provifion fliould be alloted to the 
 
 true 
 
 * BucRANAN, Hifl. Rcr. Sect. lib. xvii. Knoj;, p. 2S0, 
 !94' 
 
 fl cries, anti 
 of theotJur 
 nioiiumtnts 
 of Popery. 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 275 
 
 true preachers of the gofpel*. This apphcation, r.aoK iif. 
 however, no lefs than their former exorbitant de- ^^-^y^*^ 
 
 ' Ij6i. 
 
 raand, was treated with negle£l and indifference. 
 But amidll the anxiety manifefted by the nobles, 
 and the tenants of the crown, to hold the Pref- 
 byterlan clergy in fubje£lion and in poverty, they 
 difcovered the warmed zeal for the extenfion and 
 continuance of the Reformed opinions. For in 
 this fupplication of the Proteflants, an ardent de- 
 fire being intimated and urged, that all the monu- 
 ments of idolatry which remained fliould be utter- 
 ly deftroyed, the fulleil and moft unbounded ap- 
 probation was given to it. An a£t accordingly 
 was paiTed, which commanded that every abbey 
 church, every cloifler, and every memorial what- 
 foever of Popery, ftiould be finally overthrown and 
 demoliflied : and the care of this cruel, but popu- 
 lar employment, was committed to thofe perfons 
 who were moft remarkable for their keennefs and 
 ardour in the work of the Reformation. Its exe- 
 cution in the weftern counties was given in charge 
 to the Earls of Arran, Argyle, and Glencairn ; 
 the Lord James Stuart attended to it in the more 
 northern diftricls ; and in the inland divifions of 
 the country, it was intruded to the barons in whom 
 N n 2 the 
 
 s - .r ■• ::.■■:• ■ ' _ 1 , ■■■ . ■-: 
 
 * Knox, p. 282, 
 
ayS HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III. tlic Congregation had the greatefl: confidence. A 
 ^^^p^^ dreadful devaftation enfued. The populace, arm- 
 ed with authority, fpread their ravages over the 
 kingdom. It was deemed an execrable lenity to 
 fpare any fabric or place where idolatry had been 
 exercifed. The churches and religious houfes 
 were everywhere defaced, or pulled to the ground; 
 and their furniture, utenfils, and decorations, be- 
 came the prizes and the property of the invader. 
 Even the fepulchres of the dead were ranfacked 
 and violated. The libraries of the ecclefiaftics, 
 and the regifters kept by them of their own tranf- 
 aftions, and of civil affairs, were gathered mto 
 heaps, and committed to the flames. Religious 
 antipathy, the fan(5lion of law, the exhortation of 
 the clergy, the hope of fpoil, and, above all, the 
 ardour to put the laft hand to the Reformation, 
 concurred to drive the rage of the people to its 
 wildefl fury ; and, in the midil of havock and 
 calamity, the new ellablifliment furveyed its im- 
 portance and lis power *. 
 
 Conciufion. I HAVE tlius endcavourcd to defcribe the rife, 
 progrefs, and eftablifliment of the Reformation 
 in Scotland j employing a narrative which aims 
 
 at 
 
 * Spotswood, p. 175. Keith, p. 503. Knox, p. 294, 
 
OF RELIGION IN SCOTLAND. 1'J'J 
 
 at fimplicity, and which is ambitious to record Book iii. 
 the truth. From the order and the laws of our ^T^ 
 nature it perpetually happens that advantages are 
 mixed with misfortune. The confli£ls which led 
 to a purer religion, while they excite, under 
 one afpe£i:, the livelieft tranfports of joy, create, 
 in another, a mournful fentiment of fympathy 
 and compaffion. Amidfl the felicities which were 
 obtained, and the trophies which were won, we 
 deplore the melancholy ravages of the palfions, 
 and weep over the ruins of ancient magnificence. 
 But while the contentions and the ferments of 
 men, even in the road to improvements and ex- 
 cellence are ever deftined to be poluted with mif- 
 chief and blood, a tribute of the highefl panegy» 
 ric and praife is yet juflly to be paid to the aflors 
 in the Reformation. They gave way to the 
 movements of a liberal and a refolute fpirit. 
 They taught the rulers of nations, that the obe- 
 dience of the fubjeft is the child of juflice, and 
 that men mull be governed by their opinions and 
 their reafon. Their magnanimity is illuftrated by 
 great and confpicuous exploits ; which at the 
 fame time that they awaken admiration, are an 
 example to fupport and animate virtue in the hour 
 of trial and peril. The exiftence of civil liberty 
 was deeply connefted with the doctrines for 
 
 which 
 
278 HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION 
 
 Book III, wlilch they contended and fought. While they 
 ^y^ treated with fcorn an abje<ft and a cruel fuperili- 
 tlon, and lifted and fublimed the dignity of man, 
 by calling his attention to a fimpler and a wifcr 
 ' theology, they were flrenuous to give a perma- 
 nent fecurity to the political conflitutlon of their 
 ' ftate. The happleft and the bed interefts of fo- 
 ciety were the objefts for which thev buckled on 
 their armour ; and to wiiTi and to aft for their 
 duration and (lability are perhaps the moil import- 
 ant employments of patriotifm and public affec- 
 tion. The Reformation may fuffer fluftuations 
 in its forms ; but, for the good and the profperi- 
 ty of mankind, it is to be hoped that it is never 
 to yield and to fubmit to the errors and the fu- 
 perllitions which it overwhelmed ; that it is to 
 guard with anxiety againfl their advances, to be 
 fcrupuloully jealous, and to take an early alarm. 
 In this enlightened age of philofophy and reflec- 
 tion it is difllcult indeed to be conceived that any 
 ferious attempts to edablKh them iliall be made ; 
 yet, if by fome faialty in human afliiirs, fuch en- 
 . deavours ihould a£lualiy be tried, and fliould fuc- 
 ceed, it may be concluded, without the poilibiiity 
 . of a doubt, that all the boafted freedom which 
 the Reformation has follered would then perifh. 
 for ever. The fentiment of liberty, and the iire 
 
 of 
 
OF RliLIGION IN SCOTLAND. 279 
 •'— ■ - 
 
 of heaven which our flithers tranfmitted to their book hi. 
 poflerity, would expire and be extinguifhed. — — ^'''Y'^'^ 
 Men would know the debafement of fcrvility, 
 and forget the honours of their kind. They 
 Avould renounce their natural, their religious, and 
 their political rights ; and be contented to creep 
 upon the earth, to lick its dufl, and to adore the 
 caprices and the power of a tyrant. 
 
 A COL- 
 
COLLECTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PRINCIPAL RECORDS 
 
 CONCERNING THE 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 O o 
 
( 283 ) 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 A^ allowing the Bible to be read in the 
 'vulgar tongue *. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 ANENT the writting gevin in be Robert 
 Lord Maxwell, in prefens of my Lord 
 Governour and Lordis of Articklis, to be avifit 
 by theim, gif the famin be reafonable or not, of 
 the quhilk the tenor foUowis : It is flatute and 
 ordanit, that it fal be lefull to all our Soverane 
 Ladyis liegis to haif the Haly Writ, to wit, the 
 New Teftament and Auld, in the vulgar toung, 
 in Inglis or Scottis, of ane gude and true tranlla- 
 tioun ; and that thei fal incur na crimes for the 
 hefing and reading of the famin, providing al- 
 wayis that nae man difpute or hald oppinzeonis, 
 under the painis contenit in the afts of parlia- 
 ment. The Lordis of Articklis beand avifit with 
 O o 2 the 
 
 * Introduction to Sir Ralph Sadler's Letters and Nc- 
 §;ociatioiis, 
 
284 APPENDIX. 
 
 ■■ I' ~ • 'i" I ' " ' I'lC 
 
 the faid writting, finds the famin refonable ; and 
 therefore thinkis that the famin may be ufit a* 
 mangis all the lieges of this realm, in cure vulgar 
 toung, of ane gude, true, and juft tranflatioun, 
 becaufe there was na law (liewin nor producit in 
 the contrair ; and that nanc of oure Soverane 
 Ladyis lieges incur ony crimes for haifing or re- 
 ding of the famin, in form as faid is, nor fall be 
 accufit therefore in time coming ; and that na per- 
 fonis difpute, argou or hald oppunionis of the 
 famin, under the faidis painis contenit in the fore- 
 faides a^is of parliament. 
 
 ARTICLE It, 
 
 Proclamation of the a6i allowing the Bible to Be 
 
 read in the vulgar tongue, 
 
 GUBERNATOR. 
 
 CLERK of Regifter, it is our will, and we 
 charge zou, that ze gar proclaim this day, at the 
 Marcat Crofs of Edinburgh, the aftis made in 
 oure Soverane Ladyis parliament, that fuld be 
 proclamit and givin flirth to her lieges ; and in 
 fpeciale, the aft made for having the New Tefla- 
 ment in vulgar toung, with certain additionis ; and 
 therefter gif furth the copys therof aftentick, 
 as efferis, to all thaim that will defyre the faymn; 
 
 and 
 
APPENDIX. 285 
 
 and infert this our command and charge in the 
 bukis of parUament, for zoure warrant, fubfcribit 
 with our hand, at Edinburgh, the xix day of 
 Marche, the year of God Jai vc and xlii yeris. 
 
 JAMES G, 
 
 No. II. 
 Thefrji Covenant of the Protejiants in Scotland *. 
 
 WE, perceiving how fathan, in his members 
 the antichrifls of our time, cruelly do rage, feek- 
 ing to overthrow and to deftroy the Gofpel of 
 Chrift and his congregation, ought, according to 
 our bounded duty, to ftrive, in our Mailer's caufe, 
 even unto the death, being certain of the victory 
 in him. The which our duty being well confider- 
 ed, we do promife, before the Majeftie of God, 
 and his Congregation, that we (by his grace) 
 fliall with all diligence continually apply our 
 whole power, fubftance, aud our very lives, to 
 maintain, fet forward, and eftablifli, the mod 
 bleffed word of God, and his congregation ; and 
 fliall labour, at our polTibility, to have faithful 
 maflers, truly and purely to minifler Chrift's 
 Gofpel and Sacraments to his people : we fliall 
 
 maintain 
 
 ■ II I '- 
 
 * Knox, 
 
286 APPENDIX. 
 
 maintain them, nourifli them, and defend them, 
 the whole congregation of Chrift, and every mem- 
 ber thereof, at our whole powers, and waging of 
 our lives, againfl fathan and all wicked power 
 that doth intend tyranny or trouble againfl the 
 forefaid Congregation. Unto the which holy 
 word and Congregation we do joyne us ; and fo 
 do forfake and renounce the congregation of fa- 
 than, with all the fuperfitious abomination and 
 idolatry thereof; and moreover fliall declare our- 
 felves manifeflly enemies thereto, by this our 
 faithful promife before God, teflified to his Con- 
 gregation, by our fubfcription at thefe prefents. — 
 At Edinburgh, the 3d day of December 1557 
 years. — God. called to witnefs. A. Earl of Ar- 
 gyle. Glcncarne. Mortoun. Archibald Lord of 
 Lome. John Erlldne of Dun, kc. 
 
 No. m. * 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 T/jc craiion and petition of the Prctejlants of Scot- 
 land to the ^een Regent. 
 
 ALBEIT we have of long time contayned our 
 felves in that modeflie, molt noble PrincelTe, that 
 
 neither 
 
 ^'- KsOK. 
 
APPENDIX. 287 
 
 neither by exile of body, lolTe of goods, nor pe- 
 rifliing of this mortall life, was able to convene 
 us, to allce at your grace reformation, and re- 
 drefs of thofe wrongs, and of that fore griefe pa- 
 tiently borne of us, in bodies and minds, of long 
 time ; yet are wc nowe, of very confcience, and 
 by the feare of our God, compelled to crave, at 
 your Grace's feet, remedy againil the raofl un- 
 jufl tyrannic, ufed againfl: your Grace's m.oil o- 
 bedient fubjeds, by thofe that be called the Eftate 
 Ecclefiaflical. Your Grace cannot be ignorant, 
 wliat controverfie hath bin, and yet is, concern- 
 ing the true religion, and right worfliip of God ; 
 and how the clergie (as they will be termed) u- 
 lurpe to themfelues fuch empire above the con- 
 fciences of men, that whatfoever they command, 
 mufl be obeyed ; and whatfoever they forbid, 
 muft be avoyded, without farder refpeft to God's 
 pleafure, commaundement, or will revealed to us 
 in his mofl holy worde^; or elfe there abideth no- 
 thing for us, but fagot, fire, and fword. By the 
 which many of our brethren, m.oft cruelly and 
 moft unjuftly have bin ftricken of late years 
 within this realme ; which nowe we fmde to trou- 
 ble and wounde our confciences. For we ac- 
 knowledge it to have bene our bounden duties 
 before God, cither to have defended our brethren 
 
 from 
 
28S A PT E N D I X. 
 
 — * 
 
 from thofe cruel murtherers, (feeing we are a 
 parte of that power which God hath eflabUflied 
 in this realme) or elfe to have given open teftifi- 
 cation of our fayth with them. Which now we 
 offer our felves to doe, left: that by our continuall 
 iilence, we fliall feeme to juft:ifie their cruell ty- 
 rannic : which doth not only difpleafe us ; by 
 your Grace's wifdome moft prudentlie doth fore- 
 fee, that for the quieting of this intefline diffen- 
 tion, a publice reformation, as well in the reli- 
 gion, as in the temporall government, were mofl 
 neceffarie. And to the performance thereof, 
 moft: gravely and mofl godly (as we are inform- 
 ed) ye have exhorted, as well the clergie as the 
 nobilitie, to employ their fludie, diligence, and 
 care. We therefore of confcience dare no long- 
 er diffemble in fo weighty a matter, which con- 
 cerneth the glorie of God, and our falvation : — 
 neither now dare we withdrawe our prefence, or 
 counfell, or petitions, left that the adverfaries 
 hereafter fliall objeft to us, that place was graunt- 
 ed for reformation, and yet no man fued for the 
 fame j and fo fliall our filence be prejudiciall un» 
 to us in time to come. And therefore we, know- 
 ing no other order placed in this realme, but your 
 Grace and your grave counfel fet to amend, as 
 well the diforder eccleiiaftical, as the defaults in 
 
 the 
 
APPENDIX. 289 
 
 the temporal regiment, moft humblie proflrate 
 our felves before your feete, alking juftice, and 
 your gracious help, againft them that falfelie tra- 
 duce and accufe us, as that we were heretikes and 
 fchifmatikes, under that colour feeking our de- 
 {lru£lion ; for that we feeke the amendment of 
 their corrupted lives, and Chriftes religion to be 
 rcflored to the originall puritie. Farther we 
 crave of your Grace, with open and patent eares 
 to hear thofe our fubfequent requefts j and to the 
 joy and fatlsfa^lion of our troubled confciences, 
 mercifuUie to graunt the fame, vnlefs by God's 
 playne word anie be able to prove, that juflly they 
 ought to be denied. 
 
 ARTICLE IIo 
 
 The particular Demands of the Protejiaiiis* 
 
 FIRST, humbly we afk, That as we have by 
 the lawes of this realme, after long debate obtain- 
 ed to read the holy books of the Old and New 
 Teftament, in our vulgar tongue, as fpirituall food 
 to our foules : fo from henceforth it may be law- 
 full, that we may meet publikely or privately to 
 our Common-Prayers in our vulgar tongue, to, 
 the end that we may increafe and grow in knov/- 
 P P ledge, 
 
290 APPENDIX. 
 
 ledge, and be induced by fervent and oft prayer, 
 to commend to God the holy univerfall church, 
 the Queen our Soveraigne, her honourable and 
 gracious hufband, the abilitie of their fucceflion, 
 your Majeftie Regent, the nobilitie, and whole 
 flate of this realme. 
 
 Secondly, If it fliould happen in our faid 
 meetings any hard place of fcripture to be read, 
 of which, without explanation, hardly can arife 
 any profit to the hearers, that it fliall be lawfull 
 to any qualified perfon in knowledge, being pre- 
 fent, to interpret and open up the faid hard 
 places, to God's glory, and to the profit of the 
 auditory. And if any thinke this libertie Ihould 
 be occafion of confufion, debate or herefie, we 
 are content that it be provided that the faid inter- 
 pretation lliall underly the judgment of the godly, 
 and mofl learned within the realme at this time. 
 
 Thirdly, That the holy Sacrament of bap- 
 tifme may be ufed in the vulgar tongue, that the 
 god-fathers and wltnefiTes may not onely under- 
 fland the points of the league and contraft made 
 betwixt God and the infant, but alfo that the 
 church then affembled, more gravely may be in- 
 formed and inftrudted, of their duties, which at all 
 
 times 
 
APPENDIX. 291 
 
 times they owe to God, according to the promife 
 made unto him, when they were received into his 
 houlliold by the lavacre of the fpirituall regenera- 
 tion. 
 
 Fourthly, We defife that the holy facra- 
 ment of the Lord's Supper or of his blefled body 
 and blood may Hkewife be miniftred unto us in 
 the vulgar tongue, and in both kindes, according 
 to the plaine inftitution of our Saviour Chrifl Jefus. 
 
 And laflly. We moft humbly require, that the 
 wicked, fianderous, and deteflable life of prelats, 
 and of the (late ecclefiaflicall, may be reformed, 
 that the people by them have not occafion (as of 
 many dayes they have had) to contemne their 
 minifterie, and the preaching, whereof they fliould 
 be meifengers. And if they fufpeft that we ra- 
 ther envying their honours, or coveting their rich- 
 es and polTeirions, then zealoufly defiring their 
 amendment and falvation, do travell and labour 
 for this reformation : we are content, that not 
 only the rules and precepts of the New Tefta^ 
 mcnt, but alfo the writings of the ancient fathers, 
 and the godly and approved lawes of Juftinian tliQ 
 Emperor, decide the controverlie between us and 
 theoi. And if it fliould be found, that either 
 P p 2 malevolently 
 
39* APPENDIX. 
 
 malevolently or ignorantly we alke more then 
 thcfe three forenamed have required, and conti- 
 nually do require of able and true minifters in 
 Chrifl's church, we refufe not correftion, as your 
 Majeflie with right judgment fhall think meet. 
 But if all the forenamed ftiali condemne that 
 which we condemne, and approve that which we 
 require ; then we muft earneftly befeech your 
 Majeflie, that notwithftanding the long cuftome 
 which they have had to live at their luft, that they 
 be compelled either to defift from ecclefiafticall 
 adminiftration, or to difcharge their duties as be- 
 Cometh true minifters. So that the grave and 
 godly face of the primitive church reduced, igno- 
 rance may be expelled ; treue do£^rine and goo^ 
 manners may once againe appeare in the church in 
 this realme. Thefe things we as mofl obedient 
 fubjefts, require of your Majeflie, in the name of 
 the eternall God, and his Son Chrifl Jefus, in 
 prefence of whofe throne judiciall, ye, and all 
 other that heere in earth beareth authority fliaH 
 give account of your temporall regiment. The 
 fpirit of the Lord Jefus move your MajeHies heart 
 tp juHi^c and equity. 
 
 i^o; 
 
APPENDIX. 293 
 
 No. IV, 
 
 l^he Petition; which the Pvotejiants intended 1q 
 prefent t» parliaJiient *. 
 
 FIRST, Seeing that the controverfie in religioQ 
 which hath long continued betwixt the Protef- 
 tants of Almany, Helvetia, and other provinces ; 
 and the Papifticall church is not yet decided by a 
 lawfull and generall counfell : and feeing that our 
 confciences are likewife touched with the fear of 
 God, as was theirs in the beginning of their con- 
 troverfie, we moft humbly defire, that all fuch a£l$ 
 of parliament as in the time of darkneffe gave 
 power to the church-men to execute their tyran- 
 nie againfl us, by reafon that we to them were 
 declared hereticks, may be fufpended and abrogat- 
 ed, till a generall counfell lawfully aflembled, have 
 decided all controverfies in religion. And lefl 
 that this mutation fliould fcem to fet all men at 
 liberty to live as they lift, we fecondarily require 
 that it be enabled by this prefent parliament, that 
 the prelats and their officers be removed from the 
 place of judgement, onely granting unto them 
 
 neverthele|J5 
 
 * Spotswood. Knox, 
 
^94 APPENDIX. 
 
 nevertheleiTe the place of accufators in the pre*, 
 fence of a temporal judge j before whom the 
 church-men accufators fhall be bounden to call 
 any by them accufed ofherefie: to whom alfo 
 they fliall be bounden to deliver an authenticke 
 copy of all depofitions, accufations, and procelTe 
 laid againft any perfon accufed. The judge like- 
 wife delivering the fame to the parlie accufed, 
 alTigning unto him a competent terme to anfwer 
 to the fame, after he hath taken fufficient caution. 
 De judicio fifti* 
 
 Thirdly, We require, that all lawfull defen- 
 ces be granted to the perfon accufed ; as, if he be 
 able to prove that the witnefles be perfons unable 
 by law to teftifie againfl him, that then their ac- 
 cufations and depofitions be null, according to 
 juflice. 
 
 Item, That place he granted to the party ac- 
 cufed to explain and interpret his owne minde and 
 meaning •, which confeflion we require be inferted 
 in publicke a£ts, and be preferred to the depofition 
 of any witneife, feeing that none ought to fuffer 
 for religion, that is not found obflinatein his dam- 
 nable opinion. 
 
 Lastly^ 
 
APPENDIX, 
 
 29^ 
 
 Lastly, We require that our brethren be not 
 condemned for hereticks, unlefTe by the manifefl 
 word of God they be convinced to have erred from 
 that faith which the Holy Spirit witnefleth to be 
 necelTary to falvation : and if fo they be^ we re- 
 fufe not but that they be puniihed according to 
 juflice; unleffeby wholefome admonition they can 
 be reduced to a better minde. 
 
 These things require we to be confidered of 
 by you, who are in the place of the eternal God 
 (who is God of order and truth) even in fuch fort, 
 as ye will anfwer in prefence of his throne judici- 
 all : requiring further, that favourably you would 
 have refpeft to the tendernefle of our confciences, 
 and to the trouble which appeareth to follow in 
 this commonwealth, if the tyranny of the prelates, 
 and of their adherents be not bridled by God and 
 jufl lawes. God move your hearts deeply to con- 
 fider your owne duties, and our prefent troubles. 
 
 Ho^ 
 
9,g6 A P P E K D I Xi 
 
 No. V; 
 
 The Profejlat'ton of the Protejidnts upon therefufal 
 of the ^een Regent to prefent their petitions to 
 parliament *. 
 
 FIRST we proteft. That feeing we cannot ob- 
 tain a jufl reformation according to Gods word^ 
 that it be lawfull to us to ufe ourfelves in matters 
 of religion and confcience, as we mud anfwer unto 
 God, unto fuch time as our advarfaries be able to 
 prove themfelves the true miniflers of Chrifl's 
 church, and to purge themfelves of fuch crimes as 
 we have already laid to their charge, offering our 
 felves to prove the fame whenfoever the facred au- 
 thority pleafe to give us audience^ 
 
 Secondly we proteft,* That lieither we, nor 
 yet any other of the godly that lift to joyn with 
 us in the true faith which is grounded upon the 
 invincible word of God, fliall incur any danger of 
 life or lands, or any politicall pain, for not obferv- 
 ing fuch a£ls as heretofore have palfed in favour 
 of our adverfaries, neither yet for violating of fuch 
 
 rites 
 
 . |,_in I I . ■ I . r ' ' .ir ' • ' 
 
 * Spotswood, Knox. 
 
APPENDIX. 297 
 
 rites as man, without God's commandment, or 
 word hath commanded. 
 
 We thirdly proteft, That if any tunlult or up- 
 rore fliall arife amongft the members of this reahne 
 for the diversity of religion ; and if it fliall chance 
 that abufes be violently reformed, that the crime 
 thereof be not imputed to us, who mofl humbly 
 do now feek all to be reformed by an order. But 
 rather whatfoever inconvenience fliaU happen to 
 follow for lack of order taken, that may be impu- 
 ted to thofe that do refufe the fame, 
 
 And lad we proteft, That thefe our requefls, 
 proceeding from confcience, do tend to none other 
 end, but to the reformation of abufes in religion 
 onely ; moft humbly befeeching the facred autho- 
 rity to take us faithfull and obedient fubjects into 
 proteftion againll our adverfaries, and to fliew un- 
 to us fuch indifferency in our moft juft petition, 
 as it becometh God's Lieutenants to do to thofe 
 that in his name do call for defence againft crueH 
 oppreffors, and blood-thirfty tyrants. 
 
 Q^q No. 
 
igS APPENDIX. 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 LETTHR BY THE CONGREGATION TO TUE QUEEN REGENT*. 
 
 To the ^eerCs Grace Regent, all himible obedience 
 and duty promifed. 
 
 AS heretofore, with jeopard of our lives, and 
 yet with willing harts, we have ferved the autho- 
 rity of Scotland, and your grace now regent in 
 this realme in fervice, to our bodies dangerous 
 and painfull ; fo now with mofl dolorous mindes^ 
 we are conftrained, by unjufl tyranny purpofed 
 againfl us, to declare unto your grace, that ex- 
 cept this cruelty be ftaied by your wifdome, we 
 fliall be compelled to take the fword of jufl: de- 
 fence, againft all that fliall purfue us for the mat- 
 ter of religion, and for our.confcience fake; which 
 ought not, nor may not be fubje^l to mortall crea- 
 tures, farder than by God's word, man is able to 
 prove that he hath power to coramaund us. We 
 fignifie moreover to your grace, that if by rigor 
 we be compelled to feek the extreme defence, that 
 
 we 
 
 * Knox, 
 
APPENDIX. 299 
 
 we will not only notifie our innocencie and peti- 
 tions to the King of France, to our miftrefle and 
 to her hufband ; but alfo to the Princes and coun- 
 iell of every Chriflian realme ; declaring unto 
 them, that this cruell, injufl and mofl tyrannicall 
 murder, intended againft townes and multitudes, 
 was, and is the only caufe of our revolt from our 
 accuftomed obedience ; which, in God's prefence, 
 we faithfully promife to our foveraigne miflrelTe, 
 to her hufbande and unto your grace regent, pro- 
 vided that our confciences may live in that peace 
 and liberty, which Chrift Jefus hath purchafed to 
 us by his bloud ; and that we may have his word 
 truly preached, and holy facraments rightly mini- 
 ftered unto us ; without which, we firmly purpofe 
 never to be fubjeft to mortal! man. For better 
 we think to expone our bodies to a thoufand 
 deaths, than to hazard our fouls to perpetual con- 
 demnation, by denying Chrifl Jefus, and his mani- 
 feft verity ; which thing not onlie do they com- 
 mit open idolatrie, but alfo all fuch as feing their 
 brethren purfued for the caufe of religion, and 
 having fufiicient meanes to comfort and affifl them, 
 do neverthelelTe withdraw from them their doubt- 
 full fupport. We would not your grace fhould 
 be deceaved by the falfe perfuafions of thofe cruell 
 beads the ■ church-men, who affirm, that your 
 Q^q 2 grace 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 grace neadeth not greatlle to regard the lofTe of 
 us that profeiTe Chriil Jefus in this realme. If 
 (as God forbid) ye give ear to their peftilent coun- 
 fel, and fo ufe againfl us this extremity pretended ; 
 it is to be feared, that neither ye, neither yet your 
 pofleritie, fliall at any time after this find that 
 obedience and faithful! fervice within this realme, 
 which at all times you have found in us. We 
 declare our judgements freely, as true and faithful! 
 fubjecles : God move your gentle heart, favour- 
 ably to interprete our faithfull meaning* Far- 
 ther advertifing your Grace, that the felf fame 
 thing, together with all thinges that we have 
 done, or yet intend to do, we will notifie by our 
 letters to the King of France j asking of you, in 
 the name of the eternall God, and as your Grace 
 tenders the peace and quietnes of this realme, 
 that ye invade us not with violence, till we re- 
 ceave aunfwer from our maifler her hufband, 
 and from their advifed council ther. And this 
 wc commit your grace to the prote£lion of the 
 Omnipotent. From Sain£^ Johnflone, the 22. 
 of May 1559. 
 
 Your Grace's obedient fubjeiftes in all thinges 
 not repugnant to God, 
 'Hie faithfull Congregation of Chrifl Jefus 
 in Scotland. 
 
 ARTICLE 
 
A P Pfe N D I X. 301 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 To the generation of Antichriji^ the pejlilent pre- 
 lates and their JhaveUnges * within Scotlande, 
 the Congregation of Chrijl Jefus ivithin the 
 famefayeth^ 
 
 TO the end that ye fliall not be abufed, think- 
 ing to efcape juft punifliment, after ye, in your 
 bhnd farie, have caufed the bloud of manie to 
 be fliedde, this we notifie and declare Unto you, 
 that if ye proceede in this your malitioufe cruel- 
 tie, ye fliall be intreated wherefoever ye fliall be 
 apprehended, as murtherers and open enemies to 
 God and unto mankinde ; and therefore betimes 
 cefle from this blind rage. Remove firfl: from 
 your felves your bands of bloudie men of warre, 
 and reforme your felves to a more quiet life ; 
 and thereafter mitigate ye the authoritie, which, 
 without crime committed upon our part, ye have 
 enflamed againft us : or elfe be ye aflured, that 
 with the fame meafure that ye have meafured 
 againft us, and yet intend to meafure to others, 
 it fliall be meafured unto you ; that is, as 
 ye by tyrannic intend not only to deftroy our 
 
 bodies, 
 
 - Priests. 
 
302 APPEND 
 
 bodies, but alfo by the fame to hold our foules 
 In bondage of the. devill, fubjed to idolatrie, fo 
 iliall we, with all force and power which God 
 /liall graunt unto us, execute jufl vengeance and 
 punifhment upon you : yea we ihall begin that 
 iame warre which God commaundeth Ifrael to 
 execute againft the Cananites ; that is, contraft 
 of peace fliall never be made, til that ye defifl 
 from your open idolatrie, and cruell perfecution 
 of God*s children. And thus we fignifie unto 
 you, in the name of the eternall God, and of his 
 fonne Chrifl Jefus, whofe veritie we profefle, and 
 gofpell we have preached, and holy facraments 
 rightly miniflred, fo long as God will aiTift us to 
 gainftand your idolatrie. Take this for adver- 
 tifement, and be not deceaved. 
 
 No. VII. 
 
 The Second Covenant. * 
 
 AT Perth, the laft day of May, the year of 
 Good 1 559 years, the Congregations of the Weft 
 Country, with the Congregations of Fyfe, Perth, 
 Dundee, Angus, Mearns, and Montrofe, being 
 convecned in the town of Perth, in the name of 
 
 Jefus 
 
 ♦ Kr 
 
A P P EN D I X* 305 
 
 Jefus Chrifl, for forth fetting of his glory, un- 
 derftanding nothing more neceflary for the fame 
 than to keep a conflant amity, unity, and fellow- 
 fliip together, according as they are commaund- 
 ed by God, are confederal, and become bounden 
 and oblift, in the prefence of God, to concur and 
 afTiil together, in doing all things required of 
 God in his fcripture that may be to his glory ; 
 and at their whole powers to deflroy and away 
 put all things that doth diflionour to his name ; 
 fo that God may be trewly and purely worfliip- 
 ped. And in cafe that any trouble be intended 
 againfl the faid Congregations, or any part or 
 member thereof, the whole Congregation ihall 
 concur, allifl:, and conveen together, to the de- 
 fence of the fame Congregation or perfon trou- 
 bled ; and fliall not fpare labours, goods, fub- 
 ftance, bodies, and lives, in maintaining the liber- 
 ty of the whole Congregation, and every mem- 
 ber thereof, againfl whatfoever power that lliall 
 intei^id the faid trouble, for caufe of rehgion, or 
 any other caufe depending thereupon, or lay to 
 their charge under, pretence thereof, although it 
 happen to be coloured with any other outward 
 caufe. In witneiUng and teflimony of the whici;, 
 the whole Congregations aforefaid have ordained 
 and appointed the Noblemen and perfons under- 
 
 v.'rii-tci; 
 
304 APPENDIX. 
 
 written to fubfcribe thir prefents. Arch. Ar- 
 gyle. James Stewart. Glencarne. R. Lord 
 Bold. Wchiltree. Matthew Campbell of Tarm- 
 gannar. 
 
 No. VIII. 
 
 The truce or ajfurance between the ^een Regent 
 and the Congregation *. 
 
 WE James Duke of Chattellerault, Earl of 
 Arran, Lord Hamiltone, and. my Lord D'Ozel 
 Lieutenant for the King in thefe parts, for our 
 felves, our afliftaries and partakers, being prefent- 
 ly with us in company ; by the tenor hereof 
 promits, faithfully of honour, to my Lords Ar- 
 chibald Earl of Argyle, and James commendator 
 of the Priorie of St Andrews, to their ajQiftaries 
 and partakers, being prefently with them in com- 
 pany ; that we and our company aforefaid iliall 
 retire incontinent to Falkland, and fliall with di- 
 ligence trauiport the Frenchmen, and our other 
 folks now prefently with us ; and that no French- 
 man, or other foldiers of ours, fliall remain with- 
 in the bounds of Fyfe, but fo many as before 
 
 the 
 
APPENDIX. 305 
 
 the raifing of the lafl: army, lay in Dyfert, Kirk- 
 aldie, and Kinghorne ; and the fame to lye in the 
 fame places onlie, if we fliall think good. And 
 this to have effect for ihe fpace of eight days fol- 
 lowing the date hereof exclufive, that in the 
 mean time certain Noblemen, by the advice of 
 the Queen's grace, and the refl of the Council, 
 may convene, to talk of fuch things as may make 
 good or^er and quyetnes amongfl the Queen's 
 lieges. And farther, we nor non of our aflifl:- 
 aries being prefent with us, lliall invade, trouble, 
 or difquyet the faid lords nor their affiflaries, du- 
 ring the faid fpace. And this we bind and'o- 
 blige us, upon our loyal fidelity and honour, to 
 obferve and keep in every point above written, 
 without fraud or guile. In witnefs whereof, we 
 have fubfcribed thefe prefents with our own 
 hands, at Garle-banke, the 13. day of June 
 1559. James. " The other fubfcription (fays 
 Mr Knox) we could not reael ; but the fimilie is 
 this, Meneits." 
 
 Rr N( 
 
3o6 APPENDIX, 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 Proclamation by the S^ieen Regent aga'mjl the 
 Congregation *. 
 
 FRANCIS and Marie by the grace of God 
 King and Queen of Scots, Doulphin and Doul- 
 phinelTe of Viennois : to our loved Lion King 
 of Anns, &c. our flieriffs in that part, conjunft- 
 ly and feverally, fpecially conflitute, greeting.— 
 Torafmuch as our dearefl: mother Marie, Queen 
 Dowager regent of our realme, and lords of our 
 fecret council, perceiving the feditious tumult 
 raifed by one part of our lieges, naming them- 
 felves the Congregation ; who, under pretence of 
 religion, have put themfelves in arms : and that 
 her Grace, for fatisfying of every man's con- 
 fcience, and pacifying of the faid troubles, had 
 offered unto them, to affix a parliament to be 
 holden in January next to come, or fooner if they 
 had pleafed, for eflablifliing of univerfal order in 
 matters of religion, by our advice and eflatcs of 
 our realme J and in the mean time, to fuffer every 
 man to live at liberty of confcience, without trou- 
 ble, 
 . '.■'' II . 1 *i 1 . , , ' ■■' ■ 
 
 * Knox. Keith. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 307 
 
 ble, unto the time that the faid order was taken 
 by advice of our forefaid eftates. And at laft, 
 becaufe it appeareth much to (land upon our bo- 
 rough of Edinburgh, offered in like manner to 
 let the inhabitants thereof chufe what manner of 
 religion they would fet up and ufe for that time ; 
 fo that no man might allege that he was forced 
 to do againft hig ccmfcience. Which ofter the 
 Queen's grace, our faid deareft mother, was at 
 all times, and yet is ready to fulfil. Neverthe- 
 lefs the faid Congregation, being of mind to re- 
 ceive no reafonable oiFers, hath fmce by open deed 
 declared, that it is no religion, nor any thing 
 thereto pertaining, that they feek ; but onlie the 
 fubverfion of our authority, and ufurpation of our 
 crowne : in manifeft witneffing whereof, they dai- 
 ly receive Englillimen with meffages unto them, 
 and fendeth fuch like into England : and laft of 
 all, have violently intromitted with, taken and 
 yet with-hold the irons of our cunzie-houfe 5 
 which is one of the chief points that concerneth 
 our crowne : and fuch like have intrometted with 
 our palace of Holy-rood-houfe. Our will is there- 
 fore, &c. that ye pafs to the Market crofs of our 
 faid borough of Edinburgh, or any other publick 
 place within the fame ; and there by open procla- 
 mation, in our name and authority, commaund and 
 R r 2 charge 
 
308 APPENDIX. 
 
 charge all and fundry perfons of the faid Congre- 
 gation, or yet, being prefently within our fai(i 
 borough, other than the inhabitants thereof, that 
 they, within fix hours next after our faiJ charge, 
 depart furth of the fame, under the pain of trea- 
 fon. And als, that ye commaund all and fundry 
 perfons to leave their company, and adhere to our 
 authority ; with certification to fuch as do the 
 contrary, that they Ihall be reputed and holden 
 as manifefl traytors to our crowne, &c. 
 
 No. X. 
 
 The anfiuer of the Congregation to the proclamation 
 of the ^icen Regent*, 
 
 PLEASE your grace to be advertifed, it is come 
 to our knowledge, that your grace hath fett furth, 
 by your letters openlie proclaimed, that we, cal- 
 led by name the Congregation, under pretence 
 and colour of religion, convene together to no 
 other purpofe but to ufurp our Soveraign's autho- 
 rity, and to invade your perfon reprefenting 
 theirs at this prefent. Which things appeareth 
 to have proceeded of. finiiler information, made 
 
 fo 
 
 * Knox. 
 
APPENDIX. 309 
 
 to your grace by our enemies, confidering that 
 we never minded fuch thing ; but only our mind 
 and purpofe was, and is, to promote and fet furth 
 the glorie of God, maintain and defend the true 
 preachers of his word, and, according to the fame, 
 abolifh and putt away idolatry and falfe abufes, 
 which may not ftand with the faid word of God ; 
 befeeching your grace to bear patiently therewith, 
 and interpone your authority to the furtherance 
 of the fame, as is the duty of every chriftian 
 Prince and good Magiftrate. For as to the obe- 
 dience of our foveraign's authority in all civil and 
 politick matters, we are, and fhall be as obedient 
 as any other your grace's fubje^ls within the re- 
 alrae : and that our convention is for no other 
 purpofe, but to fave our preachers and their audi- 
 tors from the injury and violence of our enemies, 
 which fhould be more amply declared by fome of 
 us in your grace's prefence, if ye were not ac- 
 companied with fuch as have purfued our lives 
 and fought our blood. Thus we pray almighty 
 God to have your highnefs in his eternall tuition. 
 Att Edinburgh, the 2d of July 1559. 
 
 Ne. 
 
%10 APPENDIX* 
 
 No. XL 
 
 T/jg third Covenant *. 
 
 WE ferefeeing the craft and fleight of our ad* 
 verfaries, tending all manner of ways to circum- 
 vent us, and by privey means intendeth to affayle 
 every one of us, particularly by fair heghts and 
 promifes, therethrough to feparate one of us 
 from another, to our utter ruin and deftru6lion : 
 for remedy thereof, we faithfully and truly bind 
 us, in the prefence of God, and as we tender the 
 maintenance of trew religion, that none of us fhall, 
 m time coming, pafs to the Queen's Grace Dowa- 
 ger, to talk or commune with her, for any letter 
 or meffage fent by her unto us, or yet to be fent, 
 without confent of the reft, and common conful- 
 tation thereupon : and how foon that either mef« 
 fagcor writing fliould come from her unto us, 
 with utter diligence we ftiali notifie the fame one 
 to another ; fo that nothing fliall proceed therein 
 without common confent of us alh Att Stirling, 
 the firft day of Auguft 1559. 
 
 No, 
 * Knox. 
 
APPENDIX. 311 
 
 No. XII. 
 
 fhe Addrefs of the Confederated Nobles to the 
 ^een Regent *. 
 
 At Hammilton the 29 day of September. 
 
 MADAME, we are credibly informed that your 
 army of French-men ftiould inftantly begin to 
 plant in Leith, and to fortifie the fame, of minde 
 to expell the ancient inhabitants thereof, our 
 brethren of the Congregation, whereof we mar- 
 vell Hot a httle, that your Majeflie fliould fo 
 manifeftly breake the appointment made at Leith, 
 without any provocation made by us and our' 
 brethren. And feeing the fame is done withcut 
 any manner of confent of the Nobilitie and Coun- 
 fell of this realme, we efleem the fame not onely 
 oppreffion of our poore brethren, and in-dwellers 
 of the faid towne, but alfo very prejudicial! to the 
 common-wealth, and plain contrary to our an- 
 cient laws and liberties. We therefore defire your 
 
 Majeflie 
 
 * This letter was fubfcribed by the Duke of Chattellerault, 
 the Earls of Arran, Argyle, Glencairn, and Menteth ; by 
 the Lords Ruthven, Ochiltree, Boyd, and by other Barcns 
 and Gentlemen. Knox. 
 
3IS APPENDIX. 
 
 Majeflie to caufe the fame work enterprifed to be 
 flayed, and not to attempt fo rafhly and fo mani- 
 feflly againft your Majefties promife, againfl the 
 common- wealth, the ancient laws and liberties 
 thereof (which tilings, befides the glory of God, 
 are moll dear and tender to us, and onely our 
 pretence) otherwife afluring your Majeflie, we 
 will complain to the whole Nobilitie and common- 
 alty of this realme, and moft earneflly feek for 
 redreffe thereof. And thus recommending our 
 humble fervice unto your HighnelTe, whom we 
 commit to the etetnall proteftion of God, ex- 
 pefting earneflly your anfwer. At Hammilton 
 the day and yeer aforefaid : By your Majeflies 
 humble and obedient fervitours. 
 
 No. XIII, 
 
 Manifejio or Proclamation by the S^ucen Regent*'' 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 FOR fo much as it is underflood by the Queen, 
 that the Duke of Chatteliawralt hath lately di- 
 re£led his miffives into all parts of this realm, 
 
 making 
 
 * Knox. 
 
APPENDIX. 313 
 
 making mention that the French-men late arrived 
 with their wives and children, are begun to plant 
 in Leith, to the mine of the common-weale, 
 which he and his partakers will not pafTe over 
 with patient beholding, defiring 10 know what 
 will be every mans part. And that the fortifica- 
 tion of Leith, is a purpofe devifed in France, and 
 that therefore Monfieur de la BrolTe, and the Bi- 
 fliop of Amiens, are come to this countrey. A 
 thing fo vaine and untrue, that the contrary there- 
 of is knowne to all men of free judgement. There- 
 fore the Queen, willing that the occafions where- 
 by her Majefty was moved fo to do, be made pa- 
 tent, and what have been her proceedings fince the 
 appointment lafl made on the llnkes befide Leith. 
 To the eifeft that the trueth of all things being 
 made manifefl, every man may underftand how 
 unjuflly that a defire to fupprefle the liberty of 
 this realme is laid to her charge ; we have thought 
 expedient to make this difcourfe following. Firfl, 
 Although after the faid appointment, divers oftlie 
 faid Congregation, and that not of the meaned 
 fort, hath violently broken the points thereof, 
 and made fundry occafions of new cumber. The 
 fame was in a part winked at, and over-looked, in 
 hope that they in time would remember their 
 duty, and abflaine from fuch evil behaviour, 
 S f Whicif 
 
314 APPENDIX. 
 
 which converfion her Majellie ever fought, rather 
 than any punifliment, with fuch care and foHci- 
 tude by all means, and in the mean time nothing 
 was provided for her own fecurity. But at lad 
 by their frequent meifages to and from England, 
 their intelligence then was perceived, yet her Ma-f 
 jeftie trufled the Queen of England (let them feek 
 ^s they pleafe) will do the office of a Chriflian 
 princelTe, in time of a fworne peace, through 
 which, force was to her Majeftie, feeing fo great 
 defe<5i:ion of great perfonages, to have recourfe to 
 the law of nature. And like as a fmall bird, 
 being purfued, will provide fome nefl, fo her Ma- 
 jeftie could do no leffe in cafes of purfuit, but pro- 
 vide fome fure retraft for her felf and her com- 
 pany, and to that effect chofe the town of Leith, 
 as a place convenient therefore : becaufc it was 
 her dearefl daughters property, and no other 
 perfon could clame title or interelle thereto, and 
 alfo becaufe in former times it had been fortifi- 
 ed : about the fame time that the feeking fupport 
 of England was made manifcft, arrived the Earle 
 of Arrane, and adjoyned himfelf(? to the Congre- 
 gation, upon further promife then the pretended 
 quarrell, or religion, thatwas to be fet upby them 
 in authority, and fo . to pervert the whole obe- 
 dience, and as ferae of the Congregation, at the 
 
 fame 
 
APPENDIX. 315 
 
 fame time had put into their hands, and taken 
 the caflle of Brochtie, put forth the keepers there- 
 of. Immediately came from the faid Duke to 
 her Majefly, unlocked for, a writ, befide many 
 others complaining of the fortification of the faid 
 town of Leith, in hurt of the ancient inhabi- 
 tants thereof, brethren of the faid Congregation, 
 whereof he then profeffed himfelfe a m.ember. — = 
 And albeit that the bearer of the faid writ was 
 an unmeet meffenger, in a matter of fuch confe- 
 quence, yet her Majeftie direfted to him two per- 
 Tons of good credit and reputation, with anfwer : 
 offering, if he would caufe amends to be made 
 for that which was committed againfl the laws of 
 the realme, to do further than could be craved 
 of reafon. Ani to that eifefl, to draw ,fome 
 conference, which by his fault and his colleagues 
 took no end ; neverthelelfe they continually fmce 
 continue in their doings, ufurping the authority^ 
 commanding and charging free boroughs to chufe 
 provefts and officers of their naming, and to af- 
 ilft to them in the purpofe they would be at : 
 and that they will not fuifer provifion to be 
 brought for fuflentation of her Majeflies houfes. 
 A great part have fo plainely fet afide all reve- 
 rence and humanitle, whereby every man may 
 know, that it is no matter of religion, but a 
 S f 2 plainc 
 
3i6 appendix; 
 
 plaine ufurpation of the authority : and no doubt 
 -but fimple men of good zeale in former times, 
 therewith falfely have been deceived. But as 
 to. the Queens part (God who knoweth the fe- 
 crets of all hearts well knoweth, and the world 
 lliall fee by experience) that the fortification of 
 Leith was devifed for no other purpofe, but for 
 recourfe to her Highneffe and her company, in 
 cafe they w^re purfued. Wherefore, as good 
 fubjecls that have the fear of God in their hearts, 
 will not fuffer themfelves by fuch vaine perfwa- 
 fions to be led away from their due obedience; 
 but will alTift in defence of their foveraigns quar- 
 rell, againft all fuch as fli^l purfue the fame 
 wrongfully. Therefore her Majeftie ordaineth 
 the officers of arms to paffe to the Market-croffes 
 of all the head burroughs of this realme, and 
 there by open proclamation command and charge 
 all and fuiidry the lieges thereof, that none of 
 them take in hand to put themfelves in arms, 
 nor take part with the faid Duke or his affift- 
 aries, under the paine of treafon. 
 
 ARTICLE 
 
APPENDIX. 317 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 The Declaration of the Confederated Nobles againfi 
 the Froclamation of the ^leen Regent. 
 
 WE are compelled unwillingly to anfwer the 
 grievous accufations moft unjuflly laid to our 
 charges by the Queen Regent, and her perverfe 
 counfell, who ceafe not by all craft and malice 
 to make us odious to our deareft brethren, na- 
 turall Scottifti-men, as that we pretended no o- 
 ther thing, but the fubverfon and overthrow of 
 all jufl: authoritle, when God'knoweth we fought 
 nothing, but that fuch authoritie as God approveth 
 by his word, be eflabliflied, honoured, and obeyed 
 amongll us. True it is, that we have complained 
 (and continually muft complaine, till God fend re- 
 drelTe) that our conimon countrey is oppreifed 
 with ftrangers ; that this inbringing of fouldiers 
 with their wives and children, and planting of 
 men of war in our free townes, appeareth to us 
 a ready way to conquefl. And we moil earneft- 
 ly require all indifferent perfons to be judge be- 
 twixt us and the Queen Regent in this caufe, to 
 wit, whether our complaint be juft or not ? for, 
 for what other purpofe fliould {he thus multiply 
 
 ftrangers 
 
3l8 A P P E N D I 3i. 
 
 flrangers upon us, but onely in refpeiH: of con= 
 quell : which is a thing of late devifed by her 
 and her avaritious houfe. We are not ignorant 
 that fix yeers ago the queilion was demanded of 
 a man of honeft reputation ; what number of 
 men was able to daunt Scotland, and to bring it 
 to the full obedience of France ? She alleadged, 
 that to fay that the fortification of Leith was of 
 purpofe devifed in France, and that for that pur* 
 pofe were Monfieur de la BrofiTe, and the Bifhop 
 of Amiens fent to this countrey ; is a thing fo 
 vaine and untrue, that the contrary thereof is no- 
 torious to all men of free judgement. But evi- 
 it is, whatfoever Ihe alleadged, that fince their 
 arrivall, Leith has begun to be fortified. She al^ 
 leadged, that flie feeing the defection of great 
 perfonages, was compelled to have recource to 
 the law of nature, and like a fmall bird purfued 
 to provide for fome fure retraft to her felf and 
 bar company. But why doth flie not anfwer for 
 what purpofe did {he bring in her new bands of 
 men of war ? was there any defe^lion efpied be- 
 fore their arrival ? was not the Congregation un- 
 der appointment with her ? which whatfoever flie 
 alleadged, file is not able to prove that we have vio- 
 lated in any chief point, before that her new throat- 
 cutters arrived, yea, before that they began to 
 
 fortifie 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 3^9 
 
 fortifie Leith, a place, faith flie, mod convenient 
 for her purpofe ; as indeed it is, for the receiving 
 of ftrangers at her pleafure : for if fhe had fear- 
 ed the purfuit of her bodie, flie had Inche Cohne, 
 Diimbar, and Blacknelfe, forts and flrengths al- 
 ready made ; yet all thefe could not fo well ferve 
 her turne as Leith, becaufe it washer daugh- 
 ter's property, and none other could have title 
 unto it, and becaufe it had been fortified oft be- 
 fore. That all men may know the juft title her 
 daughter and flie had to the town of Leith, we 
 fliall in a few words declare. It is not unknown 
 to the mod: part of this realm, that there hath 
 been an old hatred and contention betwixt E- 
 dinburgh and Leith; Edinburgh continually 
 feeking conftantly to poffefie the. liberty of Leith, 
 which by donation of ancient Kings tliey have 
 Ipng enjoyed : and Leith by the contrary afpiring 
 to a liberty and freedom in prejudice of Edin- 
 burgh. The Queen Regent, a woman that 
 could make her profit at all hands, was not igno- 
 rant how to compafle her own bufinelfe, and 
 therefore fecretly Ihe gave advertifement to fome 
 of Leith, that ihe would make their towne free, 
 if that flie might do it with any colour of juftice. 
 By which promifes the principal! men of them 
 4id travel! with the hmd of Leftarrig, a man 
 
 neither 
 
320 APPENDIX. 
 
 neither prudent nor fortunate,- to whom the fu- 
 periorky of Leith appertained, that he Ihould 
 fell his whole title and right to our Sovereign for 
 a certain fum of money, which the inhabitants 
 of Leith paid, with a large taxation more, to the 
 Queen Regent, in hope to be made free, ' in dif- 
 pight and defraud of Edinburgh : which right 
 and fuperiority when flie had gotten, and when 
 the money was paid, the firfl fruits of their liber- 
 ty they now eat with bitternes, is, that ftrangers 
 ihall poiTelTe their towne : This is the juft ti- 
 tle which her daughter and flie might claim 
 to that towne. And when flie alleadged, 
 that it was fortified before ; we allc, if that 
 was done without the confent of the nobi- 
 lity and eftates of the realme, as now fhe and her 
 crafty counfellors do, in difpight and high con- 
 tempt of us the lawfuU and borne counfellors of 
 this realme ? How far we have fought fupport 
 of England, or of any other Prince, and how juft 
 caufe we had and have fo to do, we fliall iliortly 
 make manifeil unto the world, to the praife of 
 Gods holy name, and to the confufion of all thofe 
 that flander us for fo doing : for this we fear 
 not to confeffe, that as in this our enterprife a- 
 gainfl the devil, idolatry, and the maintainers of 
 the fame, we chiefly and onely feek Gods glory 
 
 t© 
 
APPENDIX. 3-21 
 
 to be notified unto man, fin to be puniilied, and 
 vertue to be maintained : fo where power faileth 
 in our felves, we will feeke it wherefoever God 
 fliall offer the fame : and yet in fo doing, we are 
 allured neither to offend God, neither yet to do 
 any thing repugnant to our duties. We hearti- 
 ly praife God, who moved the heart of the 
 Earle of Arran to joyn himfelf with us his per- 
 fecuted brethren. But how malicious a lye it is, 
 that we have promifed to fet him up in authority, 
 the iffue Ihall declare : God we take to record, 
 that no fuch thing hath entered into our hearts, 
 neither yet hath the faid Earle, neither any to 
 him appertaining, moved us unto any fuch mat- 
 ter: which if they lliould do, jet are we not fo 
 flender in judgement, that inconfiderately we 
 would promife that, which after we would re- 
 pent. We fpeak and write to the praife of God's 
 glory ; the lead of us knoweth better what obe- 
 dience is due to a lawfull authority, then flie and 
 her counfell doth pra£lice the ofHce of fuch as 
 worthily may fit upon the feat of juflice : for we 
 offer, and we perform all obedience which God 
 hath commanded ; and we deny neither toll, tri- 
 bute, nor fear, to her nor her ofHcers, we onely 
 bridle her blinde rage, in which flie would ereft 
 and maintain idolatry, and would murder our 
 T t brethreii. 
 
y2% APPENDIX. 
 
 iir..— .... I . I, , , . --^- 
 
 brethren, who refufe the fame : but ilie doth ut- 
 terly abufe the authority eflabUllied by God, 
 flie profaneth the throne of his Majeftie on earth, 
 making the feat of juftice, which ought to be the 
 fanftuary and refuge of all godly and vertuous 
 perfons unjuftly afflidled, to be a den and re- 
 cepticle to thieves, murtherers, idolaters, whore- 
 mongers, adulterers, and of blafphemers of God, 
 and all GodlinelTe. It is more than evident what 
 men they are, and long have been, whom flie by 
 her power maintaineth and defendeth j and alfo 
 what hath been our converfation, fince it hath 
 pleafed God to call us to his knowledge, whom 
 now in her fury flie cruelly perfecuteth. We 
 deny not the taking of the houfes of Brochtie ; 
 and the caufes being confidered, we think that 
 no naturall Scottifli-man will be offended at om*^ 
 fa£t. When the alFured knowledge came to 
 us that the fortification of I.eith was begun, 
 every man began to inquire, what danger might 
 enfue to the red; of the realm, if the French 
 fliould plant in diverfe places, and what were 
 the places that might annoy us. In conclufion 
 it was found, that the taking of the faid houfe 
 by French-men, ftiould be deflruftion to Dun- 
 die, and hurtfull to S. lohnfton, and to the whole 
 countrey j and therefore it was thought expedient 
 
 t« 
 
A ^ P E i>T D I Xi 323 
 
 to prevent the danger, as that we did, for pre- 
 fervation of our brethren and common coiintrey. 
 It is not unknown what enemies thofe two towns 
 have, and how gladly would fome have all good 
 order and policy overthrown in them. The con- 
 jectures that the French-men were of minde lliort- 
 ly to have taken the fame place, were not obfcure : 
 but whatfoever they pretended, we cannot repent 
 that we (as faid is) have prevented the danger 5 
 and would God that power had been in the fame 
 manner to have foreclofed their enterprife atLeith* 
 for what trouble this poor realm fliall endure 
 before that thofe murtherers and unjufl poilef- 
 fors be removed from the fam.e, the ilTue will de- 
 dare. If her accufatlons againfl: the Duke, and 
 that we fefnfed conference, be truly and fimply 
 fpoken, we will not refufe the judgement of thofe 
 very men, whoih llie alleadgeth to be of fuch re- 
 putatioUi They know that the Duke did anfwef , 
 that if the realme (hould be fet at liberty from the 
 bondage of thofe men of war, which prefently did 
 oppreffe it, and was fo fearfull to him, and to 
 his brethren, that they were compelled to abfent 
 themfelves from the places where Ihe and they 
 made rcfidence : that he and the whole congre- 
 gation fnould come and give all dutifull obedience 
 to our Soveraigne her daughter, and unto her, 
 T t 2 as 
 
324 APPENDIX. 
 
 as Regent for the time : but to enter into confer- 
 ence fo long as (lie kept above him and his bre- 
 thren that fearful I fcourge of cruell ftrangers, he 
 thought no wife man would counfell him. And 
 this his anfwer we approve, adding farther, that 
 flie can make us no promife which llie can keep, 
 nor we can credit, fo long as {lie is forced with 
 the flrength, and ruled by the counfell of France. 
 We are not ignorant that Princes think it good 
 policy to betray their fubje^ls by breaking of pro- 
 mifes, be tliey never fo folemnly made. We have 
 not forgotten what counfell flie and Monfieur Do- 
 fell gave to the Duke, againft thofe that flue the 
 cordinall, and kept tlie caflle of St. Andrews, 
 which was this, that what promife they lift to re- 
 quire fliould be made unto them ; but as foon as 
 the caftle was rendred, and things brought to 
 fuch paffe as was expedient, that he fliould chop 
 the heads from every one of them. To the which 
 the Duke anfwered, that he would never confent 
 to fo treafonable an aft, but if he promifed fide- 
 lity, he would faithfully keep it. " Monfieur Do- 
 fell faid in mockage to the Queen in French, that 
 is a good fimple nature, but I know no other 
 Prince that would fo do. If this was his judge- 
 ment in fo fmall a matter, what have we to fufpecl 
 in this our caufe ? For the queftion is not of the 
 
 flaughter 
 
APPENDIX. 32^ 
 
 flaugher of one cardinal!, but of the juft: abolifli- 
 ing of all tyranny, which the Romane Antichrid 
 hath ufurped above us ; of the fuppreiTing of idol- 
 atry, and of the reformation of the whole religion, 
 by that vermine of (havelings utterly corrupted. 
 Now if the flaughter of a cardinall be a fm irremif- 
 fible, as they themfelves affirme ; and if faith ought 
 not to be kept to hereticks, as their owne law 
 fpeaketh, what promife can llie that is ruled by 
 the counfell and commandment of a cardinall, 
 make to us that can be fure ? Where {lie accu- 
 feth us, that we ufurp authority to command and 
 charge free boroughs, to chufe proveflis and ofE- 
 cers of our naming, &c. We will that the whole 
 boroughs of Scotland teflifie in that cafe, whetlier 
 we have ufed any kinde of violence, but lovingly 
 exhorted fuch as aiked our fupport to chufe fuch 
 in office, as had the fear of God before their eyes, 
 loved equity and juflice, and were not noted with 
 avarice and bribing. But wonder it is with what 
 face {lie can accufe us of that, whereof we are 
 innocent, and {lie fo openly criminal, that the 
 whole realme knoweth her iniquity : in that cafe 
 hath {lie not compelled the towne of Edinburgh 
 to retaine a man to be their Prove{l moft unwor- 
 thy of any regiment in a well-ruled common- 
 Wealth ? Hath {lie not enforced them to take 
 
 BaylifFes 
 
3^5 APPENDIX. 
 
 BaylilFes of her appointment ? and fome of them 
 fo meet for their ofEce in this troublefome time, 
 as a fowter is to fayle a fliip in a flormy day. She 
 complaineth that we will not fufFer provifion to 
 be made for her houfe : in very deed we unfain- 
 edly repent that before this we took not better 
 order that thefe murtherers and opprefTors whom 
 {he pretendeth to nourifli for our deftruclion, had 
 not been difappointed of their great provifion of 
 viftualls which fhe and they have gathered, to 
 the great hurt of the whole countrey : but as God 
 (hall affift us in times coming, we fliall do dili- 
 gence fomewhat to fruftrate their devillifli pur- 
 pofe. What both fhe and we pretend, we doubt 
 not but God (who cannot fuffer the abufe of his 
 his own name long to be unpunilhedj fliall one 
 day declare, and unto him we fear not to com- 
 mit our caufe. Neither yet fear we in this pre- 
 fent day, that againfl: us ilie maketh a malicious 
 lye, where that {h.e fayeth, that it is not religion 
 that we go about, but a plain ufurpation of au- 
 thority. God forbid that fuch impieiy fhould 
 enter in our hearts, that we fliould make his ho- 
 ly religion a cloke and covertour of our iniquity : 
 from the beginning of this controverfie, it is evi- 
 dently knowne what have been our requefls j 
 which if the reft of the nobility and commonalty 
 
 of 
 
APPENDIX. 327 
 
 ■Ssaga55css== , ■ ■ " , ■■ .■ ; , 1 " .i " i. ; ;ii ■• ■. \ » 
 
 of Scotland will caufe to be performed unto us, 
 if then in us appear any figne of rebellion, let us 
 be reputed and puniilied as traitors. But while 
 flrangers are brought in to fuppreife us, our com- 
 mon wealth and poflerity: while idolatry is main- 
 tained, and Chrill Jefus his true religion defpifed, 
 while idle bellies, and bloody tyrants the Bifhops 
 are maintained, and Chrifts true meffengers per- 
 fecuted ; while, finally, vertue is contemned, and 
 vice extolled ; while that we a great part of the 
 nobility and commonalty of this realme are moft 
 unjuftly perfecuted, what godly man can be of- 
 fended that we fliall feek reformation of thefe 
 tnorniities (yea, even by force of arms, feeing 
 that otherwayes it is denyed unto us) we are af- 
 fured that neither God, neither nature, neither 
 any jufl: law forbiddeth us. God hath made us 
 councellors by birth of this realme, nature bind- 
 eth us to love our owne countrey, and juR: laws 
 command us to fupport our brethren unjuflly pur- 
 fued, yea, the oath that we have made to be 
 true to this common-wealth compelled us to haz- 
 ard whatfoever God hath given us, before that 
 we fee the miferable mine of the fame. If any 
 thinke it is not religion which now we feek, we 
 anfwer, that it is nothing elfe but the zeal of the 
 true religion which raoveth us to this enterprife : 
 
 for 
 
32S APPENDIX. 
 
 for as the enemy doth craftily forefee, that ido. 
 latry cannot unlverfally be maintained, unleiTc 
 that we be utterly fupprefled, fo do we confider 
 that the true religion (the purity whereof we open- 
 ly require) cannot univerfally be ere<5led, unlelTe 
 ftrangers be removed, and this poor realme pur- 
 ged of thofe peftilences which before have infe£led 
 it. And therefore in the name of the eternall 
 God, and of his fon Chrift Jefus, whofe caufe we 
 fuilain, we require all our brethren naturall Scotifli- 
 men prudently to confider our requejfls and with 
 judgement to difcerne betwixt us and the C)ueen 
 Regent, with her faftion, and not to fuffer them- 
 felvs to be abufed by her craft and deceit, that 
 to lift their weapons againfl: their brethren, who 
 feek nothing but Gods glory, or yet to extraft 
 from us their juft and dutifull fupport, feeing that 
 we hazard our lives for prefervation of them and 
 us, and of us and our poflerity to come : affuring 
 fuch as fliall declare themfelves favourers of her 
 faftion and enemies unto us, that we (liall repute 
 them, whenfoever God lliall put the fwordof juf- 
 tice in our hands worthy of fuch punifliment as is 
 due for fuch as fludy to betray their countreyes 
 into the hands of ftrangers. 
 
 N9» 
 
APPENDIX. 329 
 
 No. XIV. 
 
 Thefeccond Addrefs or Admonition of the confeder- 
 ated Nobles to the ^een Regent *. 
 
 MADAME, your Majeftie may call to minde, 
 how at our laft convention at Hamilton, we re- 
 quired your highnefle in moft humble manner to 
 defifl from the fortifying the town of Leith, then 
 enterprifed and begun, which appeared unto us 
 (and yet doth) an entrie to a conquefl and over- 
 throw of our liberties, and altogether againfl the 
 laws and cuflomes of this realm, feeing it was 
 begun, and yet continueth without any advice and 
 confent of the Nobility and counfell of this realm. 
 Wherefore now, as oft before, according unto 
 our duty to our common-wealth, we moft hum- 
 bly require your Majeftie, to caufe your flrangers 
 and fouldiers whatfoever, to depart the faid town 
 of Leith, and make the fame patent, not onely to 
 the inhabitants, but alfo to all Scottifli-men, our 
 foveraign ladies lieges ; alfuring your highneffe, 
 that if refufmg the fame, ye declare thereby your 
 evil minde towards the common-wealth, and li^ 
 U u berty 
 
 * Knox. 
 
33© APPENDIX, 
 
 berty of this realm, we will (as before) move and 
 declare the caufes unto the whole nobility and 
 commonalty of this realm. And according to 
 the oath which we had fworn for the maintenance 
 of the common-weale, in all manner of things to 
 us polTible, we will provide remedy therefore, re- 
 quiring moft humbly your Majefties anfwer in 
 hafte with the bearer, becaufe in our eyes the a£l 
 continually proceeds, declaring your determina- 
 tion of conqueft, which is prefumed of all men, 
 and not without caufe. And thus after our com- 
 mendation of fervice, we pray almighty God to 
 have your Majefly in his eternall tuition. 
 
 No. XV. 
 
 The Anfwer by the ^een Regent^ to the fecond Ad* 
 drefs or Admonition of the confederated Nobles *. 
 
 AFTER commendations, we have received your 
 letter of Edinburgh the 1 9th of this inilant, which 
 appeareth to us rather to have come from a Prince 
 to his fubjecls, than from fubje^ts to them that 
 bear authority. For anfwer whereof, we have 
 prefently directed unto you this bearer Lion He- 
 rald 
 
 * Kxox. 
 
APPENDIX. 331 
 
 raid King of Arms, fufficiently inflrufted with ouf 
 mind, to whom ye fliall give credence. Att Leith, 
 ■O(fi:ober 2ift 1559. 
 
 Marie R. 
 
 His credit was this, 
 
 " That the Queen wondred how any durft 
 *^' prefume to command her in that reahn, which 
 ^' needeth not to be conqueft by any force, con- 
 *' fidering that it was already conquefl by mar- 
 *' riage : that Frenchmen could not jufUy be cal- 
 " led ftrangers, feeing that they were naturalized j 
 " and therefore that flie would neither make that 
 ** town patent, neither yet fend any man away, 
 "=< but as Ihe thought expedient. She accufed the 
 ■" Duke of violating his promife. She made long 
 *' proteftation of her love towards the common- 
 *' wealth of Scotland : and in the end command- 
 *' ed, that under the pain of treafon, all afliftaries 
 *' to the Duke, and unto them, Ihould depart 
 ^* from the town of Edinburgh." 
 
 U u 2 No. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 No. XVI. 
 
 The Ad: or Decree of the Congregation, degrading 
 the ^een Regent of her high office *. 
 
 ' ARTICLE I. 
 
 AT Edinburgh the one and twentieth day of 
 Oftober, 1550, the Nobility, Barons and Bur- 
 geffes convened, to advife upon the affairs of the 
 common-wealth, and to ayd, fupport and fuccour 
 the fame, perceiving and lamenting the enterpri- 
 fed deflruftion of their faid common-weakh, and 
 overthrow of the liberties of their native countrey, 
 by the means of the Queen Regent, and certain 
 ftrangers her privie counfellors, plain contrary to 
 our Soveraign Lord and Ladies mind, and direft 
 againfl: the counfell of the nobility, to proceed by 
 little and little, even unto the uttermofl ruine ; 
 fo that the urgent neceffity of the^ommon-wealth 
 may no longer fuffer delay, and earneftly crayeth 
 our fupport. Seeing therefore that the faid Queen 
 Regent (abufing and overpalling our Soveraigne 
 J-,ord and Ladies commiifion given and granted to 
 
 her) 
 
 - ■ _ - , - I I ,] f. - — -Li i.-iA*- - 
 
 "* Khox. 
 
APPENDIX. 333 
 
 7r- ' ■ 
 
 her) hath in all her proceedings purfued the Bar- 
 ons and BurgelTes within this realme, with wea- 
 pons and armour of llrangers, without any pro- 
 ceKe and order of law, they being our Soveraigne 
 Lord and Ladies true lieges, and never called nor 
 convinced of any crime by any judgement lawfull. 
 As, firfl, at S. Johnflon, in the moneth of May, 
 flie aflembled her army againfl: the towne, and the 
 inhabitants never called nor convinced of any 
 crime, onely becaufe they profelTed the true wor- 
 fliip of God, conform to his mofl facred word. 
 
 2. And likewife in the moneth of June lafl, with- 
 out any order or calling going before, invaded the 
 perfons of fundry Noble-men and Barons with 
 force of armes, convened at S. Andrews, onely 
 for caufe of religion, as is notoriouily known, they 
 never being called nor convinced of any crime. 
 
 3. Again, laid garrifons the fame moneth upon 
 the inhabitants of the faid town, opprefling the' 
 liberties of the Queens true lieges : for fear of 
 which her garrifons, a great part of the inhabi- 
 tants thereof fled from the towne, and durfl: not 
 refort again unto their houfes and heritages, un- 
 till they were reflored by arras ; they notwith- 
 {landing never being called nor convinced of any 
 crime. 4. Further, at that fame time did thrud 
 in upon the heads of the inhabitants of the fai4 
 
 towne. 
 
334 appendix: 
 
 towne, Proveft, and Bayliffs, againft ^11 order of 
 ele^^ion, as lately in this month of September fhe 
 had done in other towns of Edinburgh and Jed- 
 burgh, and divers other places, in manifeft op- 
 preffion of our liberties. 5. Declaring her evill 
 minde towards the nobility, commonalty, and 
 whole nation, flie hath brought in flrangers, and 
 daily pretends to bring in greater force of the fame, 
 pretending a manifefl conquefl of our native rooms 
 and countrey, as the deed itfelf declareth ; in fo 
 far, as flie having brought in the faid ftrangers 
 without any advife of councell and nobility, and 
 contrary to their expreffe minde fent to her in writ- 
 ing, hath placed and planted her faid ftrangers in 
 one of the principall towns and parts of the realm, 
 fending continually for greater forces, willing 
 thereby to fuppreffe the common-weale, and liber- 
 ty of our native countrey, to make us and our po- 
 fterity Haves to ftrangers for ever j which, as it is 
 intolerable to common-wealths and free countreys, 
 fo it is very prejudiciall to our Soveraign Lady * 
 and her heirs whatfoever, in cafe our Soveraigne 
 Lady deceafe without heirs of her perfon. And 
 to performe thefe her wicked enterprifes, con- 
 ceived (as appeareth) of inveterate malice againft 
 our whole countrey and nation, caufed (without 
 any confent or advife of the councell and nobility) 
 
 to 
 
APPENDIX. , 335 
 
 to coyn lead money, fo bafe, and of fuch quanti- 
 ty, that the whole realme lliall be depauperate, and 
 all tralEque with forraigne nations everted there- 
 by. 6. Again, {he (o placeth and maintaineth a- 
 gainfl the pleafure of the councell of this realme, a 
 flranger in one of the greatefl offices of credit 
 in this realme, that is in keeping of the greal feal 
 thereof, wherein great perills may be ingen- 
 dred to the common-weale, and liberty thereof. 
 7. Further, lately fent the great feal forth of this 
 realme by the faid flranger, againft the advice 
 of the faid councell, to what effeft, God know- 
 cth. 8. And hath alfo by this means altered the 
 old law and cuflome of this our realme, ever ob- 
 ferved in the graces and pardons granted by our 
 Soveraigns to all their lieges, being repentant of 
 their offences committed againfl their Majefties, 
 or the lieges of the realme. And "hath introdu* 
 ced a new captious flile and form of the faid 
 pardons and remilTions, conform to the praftices 
 of France, tending thereby to draw the faid 
 lieges of this realm, by proceiTe of time, in a de- 
 ceivable fnare, and further fliall creep in the 
 whole fubverfion and alteration of the remanent 
 laws of this realme, contrary to the contents of 
 the appointment of marriage. 9. And alfo peace 
 bemg accorded amongfl the Princes, retaineth 
 
 the- 
 
336 APPENDIX. 
 
 the great army of flrangers, after commandment 
 fent by the King of France to retire the fame, 
 making excufe that they were retained for the 
 fupprefTmg the attempts of the Heges of this 
 realme j albeit the whole fubjefts thereof of all 
 eflates, is, and ever hath been readie to give all 
 dutifull obedience to their Soveraignes, and their 
 lawfull minifters proceeding by Gods ordinance ; 
 and the fame army of flrangers not being paid 
 in wages, was laid by her upon the necks of the 
 poor commonalty of our native countrey, who 
 were compelled by force to defraud themfelves, 
 their wives and children, of that poor fubftance 
 which they might purchafe with the fweat of their 
 brows, to fatisfie their hunger and neceffities, and 
 quit the fame to fuftain the idle bellies of her 
 flrangers ; through the which, in all parts rofc 
 fuch heavy lamentation and complaint of the 
 commonalty, accufmg the counfell and nobility 
 of their floth, that as the fame oppreflion we 
 doubt not hath entered in before the juflice feat 
 of God, fo hath it moved our hearts to pity and 
 corapafTion. And for redreffe of the fame, with 
 other great offences committed againfl the publike 
 wcile of this realme, we have convened here as 
 fiiid is : and as oftentimes before have mofl humbly 
 and with all reverence defired and required the faid 
 
 Queen 
 
APPENDIX. 337 
 
 (^een Regent to redreffe the faid enormities, and 
 cfpecially to remove her flrangers from the necks of 
 the poor commonalty, and to defiil from enter- 
 prifmg of fortification of flrengths within this 
 reahiie, againft the exprelTe will of the nobility and 
 councell of the fame j yet we being convened 
 the more flrong for fear of her flrangers, who 
 we faw prefume no other thing, but with arms 
 to purfue our lives and polfelTipns, befought her 
 'to remove the fear of the fame, and make the 
 town patent to all our Soveraigne Lord and La- 
 dies lieges. The fame in no wife v/ould (lie 
 grant unto, but when fome of our company in 
 peaceable manner went to view the towne, there 
 was both great and fmall munition fliot forth at 
 them. And feeing therefore that neither acceffe 
 was granted to be ufed, nor yet flie would joyn 
 herfelf to us to confult upon the affairs of our 
 common-wealth, as that we be borne counceilors 
 to the fame by ancient laws of therealme: but 
 fearing lefl the judgement of the counfell v/ould 
 reform, as necelTity required, the aforefaid enor- 
 mities, fhe refufeth all manner of afhltance with 
 us, and by force and violence intendeth to fup- 
 preffe the liberties of our common-weale, and of 
 us the favourers of the fame. We therefore, fo 
 many of the nobility, barons, and provefls of our 
 X X boroughs. 
 
33^ APPENDIX, 
 
 boroughs, as are touched with the care of the 
 common-weale, (unto the which we acknow- 
 ledge our felves, not onely borne, but alfo fwornc 
 proteftors and defenders, againfl all and what- 
 fqever invaders of the fame) and moved by the 
 forefaid proceedings notorious, and with the la- 
 mentable complaint of oppreflion of our common- 
 alty, our fellow members of the fame. Percei- 
 ving farther, that the prefent neceffity of our com- 
 mon-weale may fuffer on delay, being convened (as 
 faid is) prefently in Edinburgh, for fupport of our 
 common-weal, and ripely confulted aiKl advifed, 
 taken the fear of God before our eyes, for the 
 eaufes forefaid, which are notorious, with one 
 confent and common vote. Every man in order 
 his judgement being required, in the name and 
 authority of our foveraign Lord ajid Lady, fuf- 
 pend the faid commilTion granted by our faid 
 Soveraigne to the l^iid Queen Dowager, dif- 
 charging her of all adminiftration or authority 
 flie hath, or may have thereby, unto the next 
 parliament, to be fet by our advice and confent : 
 and that becaufe the faid Queen, by the forefaid 
 faults notorious, declareth her felfe enemy to our 
 common-weale, abufmg the pov/er of the faid au- 
 thority to the deflruilion of the fame : and like- 
 wife we difchargc all members of her faid autho- 
 rity 
 
APPENDIX. 339 
 
 rity from thenceforth ; and that no coyii be 
 coyned from thenceforth, without exprelTe con- 
 fent of the faid councell and nobility, conform to 
 the laws of this realme, which we maintain, and 
 ordain this to be notified and proclaimed by of- 
 ficers of arms, in all head boroughs within the 
 realm of Scotland. In witnefie of the which our 
 common confent and free vote, we have fubfcri- 
 bed this prefent a£i: of fufpenfion with our hands, 
 day, yeere, and place aforefaid. 
 Sic fubfcribitur, 
 By us the Nobility and Common of the Pro- 
 teftants of the Church of Scotland, 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Letter by the Council of the Frotejiants to the 
 ^een Dowager upon her degradation from the 
 Regency *. 
 
 PLEASE YOUR GRACE, 
 
 WE have receiv-d your anfwer, and heard the 
 credit of Lion King of Arms ; whereby we ga- 
 ther fufficiently your prefervation in evil mind to- 
 wards us, the glory of God, our commonwealth, 
 X X 2 and 
 
 * Cotton Library, Caligula, b. lo. Keith. 
 
340 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 and liberty of our native countrey. For (living 
 of the which, according unto our duties, we 
 have, in our foverain Lord and Ladie's name, 
 fufpended your commilTion, and all adminiflra- 
 tion of the policy your Grace may pretend there- 
 by ; being moft alTuredly perfuaded that your 
 proceedings are directly contrary to our fove- 
 reign Lord and Lady's will : which we ever e- 
 fteem to be for the weal, and not for the hurt of 
 this our commonwealth. And as your Grace 
 will not acknowledge us, our foverain Lord and 
 Lady's true barons and lieges, for your fubjedls ; 
 no more will we acknowledge you for any Re- 
 gent, or lawfuU magiflrate unto us ; feeing, if 
 an^ authority you have by reafon of our Sove- 
 rain's commiffion granted unto your Grace, the 
 fame, for mod: weighty reafons, is worthily fuf- 
 pended by us, by name of autority [Knox, in 
 the name and authority] of our Soverains, whole 
 councill we are -of native birth, in the affairs of 
 this our common weal. « And forafmuch as we 
 are determined, with hazard of our lives, to fejt 
 that town at liberty, wherein you have moft 
 wrongfully planted your foldiers and ftrangers ; 
 for the reverence we ow to your perfon, as mo- 
 ther to our Soverain Lady, we require your 
 Grace to tranfport your perfon therefrom j fee- 
 ing 
 
APPENDIX. 341 
 
 ing we are conftrained, by the neceiTity of the 
 commonwealth, to force the fame by arms ; be- 
 ing denyed hberty thereof, by fundry requefts 
 made before : your Grace wou'd caufe depart 
 with you, out of the faid town, any perfon ha- 
 ving commiffion of ambaffade, if any fuch be, or 
 lieutenantfhip of our Soverains, together with 
 all Frenchmen foldiers, being within the fame ; 
 whofe blood we thirft not, becaufe of the old a- 
 mity and friendftiip betwixt the realm of France 
 and us ; which amity, by the marriage of our 
 Soverain Lady to the King of that realm, fliould 
 rather increafe than decreafe. And this we pray 
 your Grace and them to do within the fpace of 
 twenty-four hours, for the reverence we ow un- 
 to your perfons. And thus, recommending our 
 humble fervice to your Grace, we commit your 
 Highncfs to the eternal protedion of God. At 
 Edinburgh, the 23d of Oftober. 
 
 By your Grace's humble ferviteurs. 
 
 The Council having the authority unto the 
 next parliament, erefted by common 
 eleftion of the Earls, Lords, and Barons, 
 
 conveen'd 
 
342 APPENDIX. 
 
 conveen'd at Edinburgh, of the Prote- 
 fhnt fadion. 
 
 EARLS. 
 My Lord Duke's Grace, and 
 
 Earl of Arran. 
 The E. of Argile. 
 The E. of Glencairn. 
 
 LORDS. 
 
 James of St Andrews, 
 The Lord Ruthven. 
 The Mafter of Maxwell, 
 
 BARONS. 
 
 Tullibardine. 
 The Laird of Dun. 
 The Laird of Pitarrow. 
 The Provoft of Aberdeen for 
 the Burrows. 
 
 No: 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 343 
 
 No. XVII. 
 
 The Treaty of Berwick^ or the Convention of the 
 Nobles and tlK People of Scotland with ^een 
 Elizabeth againfi the union of Scotland with 
 France, and in defence of their confiitution and 
 liberties *. 
 
 AT Barwyck, the twenty fevlnft day of Fe- 
 bruare, the zeir of our Lord God one thoufand 
 five hundred fifty nyne zeris : it is agreed, con- 
 tra£lit and finalye appoynted, betwixt the noble 
 mychty Prince, Thomas Duck of Northfolk^ 
 Erie Marfchell of Ingland, lieutennant for the 
 Quenis mod excellent Majeflie of England in the 
 North, in the name and behalf of her Hienes, of 
 the one partye : and the Ryght Honorable Lord 
 James Steward, Patrick Lord Ruthven, Sir John 
 Maxwell of Teiregles knycht, William Maitland 
 of Lethyngtonne zoungare, Johnne Wyfchert of 
 Pittarrow, and Maiflre Henry Balnaves of Hal- 
 hil, in the name and behalf of the noble and 
 rayghtie Prince, James Duck of Chafleau la 
 Rault, fecund perfonn of the realme of Scotland 
 
 and 
 
 Ryi 
 
344 APPENDIX. 
 
 and the remanent of the reft of the Lordes of 
 his parte, joyned with him in this cans for mayn- 
 teinance and defence of the auncient ryhteis and 
 h'berteis of their cuntree, on the other partye, 
 in forme as hereafter followeth ; that is to fay, 
 that the Quenis Majeftie having fufficienthe un- 
 derftanded, alfweall by information fent from 
 the nobihte of Scotland, as by the manifeft pro- 
 ceadingis of the Frenche, that thei intend to con- 
 quer the realme of Scotland, fupprefe the liber- 
 teis thairof, and unyte the fame, unto the crown 
 of France perpetualie, contrarie to the laws of 
 the faid realme, and to the paftes, othes, and 
 promeiTis of France ; and being thairto moft hu- 
 milie and earneftlie required by the faid nobilitie, 
 for and in the name of the hole realme ; fliall 
 accept the faid realme of Scotland, the faid Duck 
 of Chafteaulerault, being declared by a6le of 
 parliament j:o be heyre apperand to the crowne 
 thairof, and the nobilite and fubje6les of the fame, 
 into hir Majefties proteftion and maynteinance, 
 onelie for prcfervation of theym in their old fre- 
 domes and liberteis, and from conqueft, during 
 the tyme the marriage (hall continew betwix the 
 Queyn of Scottis and the Frenche King, and one 
 zeir after j and for expelling owte of the fame 
 
 realms 
 
APPENDIX. 345 
 
 realme of fuch as prefentlie goeth abowte to prac- 
 tife the faid conquefl:. 
 
 HiR Majeftie fliall with all fpeyd fend Into 
 Scotland a convenient ayd of men of warre, on 
 horfe and foot, to joyne with the power of the 
 Scottiflimen, with artailzie, munition, and all u- 
 ther inftruraents of warre mete for the purpofe, 
 alfweall by fea as by land, not onlie to expel the 
 prefent power of Frenche within that realme, 
 oppreffing the fame, but alfo to flop, as far as 
 convenientlie may be, all grytare forces of Frenche 
 to, enter thairin for the Uke purpofe ; and fliall 
 continue hir Majefties ayde to the faid realme, 
 nobilite and fubjeftes of the fame, until the 
 Frenche, being ennemies to the faid realme, be 
 utterlie expelled thence ; and fliall never tranfadl, 
 compound or agree with the Frenche, nor con- 
 clude any league with thame ; except the Scottes 
 and the Frenche fliall be aggreed, that the realme 
 of Scotland fliall be left in a dew freedome by 
 the Frenche. Nor fliall leave the mayntenaunce 
 of the faid nobilite and fubje£les, wheirby thei 
 might fall as a praye in their ennemeis handes, 
 alflong as thei fhall acknowledge thair Soverane 
 Lady and Queue, and fliall endever theymfelves 
 to maynteyn the libcrtie of their cur. tree, and the 
 y y eflait 
 
34^ A i-" P E N D i X. 
 
 eflait of the crown^ of Scotland ; and yf in caifc 
 any fortes or ilrenthes within the faid realme be 
 wonne out of the handes of the Frenche, at this 
 prefent, or at any time hereafter, by her Maje- 
 flies ayde, the fame fliall be immediatelie be de- 
 jnohflied by the Scottiflimen, or dehvered to the 
 Duck and his partye at iheir optionn and choife. 
 Ney ther fliall the power of England fortifye with- 
 in the grounde of Scotland, being out of the 
 bowndes of Englande, but by the advyfe of the 
 faid Duck, nobilite and eflates of Scotland. For 
 the wiche caufe, and in refpeft of her Majefties 
 moft gentle clemency, and liberall fupporte, the 
 faid Duck, and all the nobilitie, alfweal fuche as 
 be now joined with him, as fuche as fliall 
 hearafter joyne with him for defence of the 
 iibertie of that realme, fliall, to the uttermofl: of 
 their power, ayde and fupporte her Majefties ar- 
 mye, againft the Frenche and their parttakaris, 
 with -horfemen, footmen and victuals, by land 
 and by fea, and with all manner of uther ayde, 
 to the befl: of their power j and fo ikall continew 
 during the tyme that her Majefties arraye fliall 
 reniane in Scotland. 
 
 Item, Thei fliall be ennemeis to all fuche Scot- 
 tifliraen and Frenche as fl.iall in any way is fliewc 
 jhemfelves ennemies to the realme of England, 
 
 fov 
 
APPENDIX. 347 
 
 for the ayding and fuccouring the faid Dwke and 
 I»Iobilite, to the deliverye of the reahne of Scot- 
 land from conquefl. 
 
 Item, Thei fliall never affent nor permit that 
 the realme of Scotland fliall be conquered, or o- 
 therwys knytt to the crowne of Fraunce then 
 it is at this prefent, onlie by the mariage of 
 the Quene their Soverane to the Frenche King, 
 and by the lawes and liberties of the realme it 
 aucht to be. 
 
 Item, In caife the Frenche fliall at any time 
 invade, or caufe to be invaded the realme of Eng- 
 land, they fliall furnifti the nombre of twa thou- 
 fand horfemen, and twa thoufand footemen at 
 the leaft, or fuche parte of tyther^ of theym, at 
 choyfe of the Quenys Majefl:ie of England, and 
 fliall conduce the fame to pafs from the borders 
 of Scotland next England, uponn her Majefties 
 charges, to -any parte of the realme of England, 
 for the defence of the fame ; and in caife the in- 
 vafion be uppon the north partes of England, 
 on the north parte of the watter of Tyne to- 
 wardes Scotland, or againft Barwyck on the 
 north flde of the watter of Tweyd ; thei fliall 
 convent and gadder their hole forces uponn their 
 y y 2 owen 
 
34^ appendix; 
 
 owen charges, and iliall join with the Enghlli 
 power, and fliall continew in goode and earnefl 
 profecutionn of the quarrel of England, during 
 the fpace of thretty dayes, or fo muche longer as 
 thei were accuftomed to tary in the fieldes for 
 the defence of Scotland, at the mandement of 
 their Soverauis at any tyme by pafl. 
 
 And alfwa, the Erie of Ergyle Lord Juftice 
 of Scotland, being prefentlie joyned with the faid 
 Lord Duck, fliall employ his force and good will, 
 whair he fliall be required by the Quenys Ma- 
 jeftie, to reduce the north partes of Ireland to 
 the perfytt obedience of England, conforme to a 
 mutuall and reciproque contraift to be maid be- 
 tuixt her Majefties lieutenent or deputie of Ire- 
 land for the tyme * being, and the faid Erie, 
 wheirin flial be conteyned what he fliall do for 
 his parte, and what the faid lieutenent or deputie 
 fliall do for his fupporte, in cafe he flialMhave to 
 do with James Monneil, or any other of the ifles 
 of Scotland or realme of Ireland. 
 
 For performance and fure keaping wheirof, 
 thei. fliall for their parte enter to the faid Duckc 
 of ]SIorthfolk the pledges prefentlie named by 
 him, befoir the entree of her Majeflies ayde in 
 
 Scottiflic 
 
APPENDIX, 349 
 
 Scottiihe ground, to remane in England for the 
 fpace of fax monthes, and to be then exchean- 
 neged upon deliverie of new hoftages of lyke or 
 als goode condition as the former, or being of 
 the lauchfull fonnes, brethren or heyres, of any 
 of the Erlis or Barronis of parliament, that have 
 or hereafter llial iliewe thamefelves, and fo perfiit 
 open enemyes of the Frenche in this quarrell ; 
 and fo furth from fax monethis to fax monethis, 
 or from foure monethis to foure monethis, as Ihall 
 bed pleafe the partye of Scotland : and the tyme 
 of the continewance of the hoftages flial be during 
 tfie raariage of the QuQue of Scottes to the Frenche 
 King, and one zeare after the ^ilTolutionn of the 
 faid manage, untill forder order may be had be- 
 tuixt both the realmes for peace and concord. 
 
 And furthermore, the faid Ducke, and nobi- 
 lite, being Erlis and Baroties in parliament, joyn- 
 ed with him fliall fubfcribe and feale thefe articles 
 and companies within the fpace of twenty, or • 
 thretty dayes at the uttermoft, nixt following the 
 day of the deliverye of the faidis hoftages ; ^nd 
 fliall alfo procure and perfwade all uthers of the 
 nobilitie, that ftiall joyn thymfelves hereafter with 
 the faide Ducke for t"he cauiTe above fpecifyed, 
 lykewyis to fubfcryve and feale thefe articles pre- 
 
 fent 
 
350 APPENDIX. 
 
 fent, at any tyme after the fpace of twenty dayes 
 after their conjunftion, uponn requifition maid to 
 theym on the partye of the Quenis Majeftie of 
 England* 
 
 And fynalle, the fald Duck and nobilitie join- 
 ed with him, certanelie perceaving that the 
 Quenys Majeftie of England is theirunto onehe 
 moved uponn refpeft of princelie honour and 
 neyghbowrheid, the defence of the jufl freedome 
 of the crowne of Scotland from conqueft, and not 
 of any other fmifter entent, doeth by thefe pre- 
 fentis teftifye and declaire, that thei nor any of 
 they me meane, by this compare, to with-, 
 drawe any due obedience from their Soverane 
 Ladye the Queyn, nor in any lefall tiling 
 to withftand the Frenche King, being her hufband 
 and head, that during the mariage fliall not tend 
 to the fubverfionn and oppreiTionn of the jufl: and 
 auncient liberties of the faid kingedome of Scot- 
 land; for the prefervation wheirof, both for 
 their Soveranis honour, and for the continewance 
 of the kingdome in auntient efl:ait, thei acknow- 
 ledge theimfelves bound to fpend their goodes, 
 landes and lyves ; and for the performance of this 
 prefent contra£le for the parte of England, the 
 Quenys Majeftie fliall confyrme the fame, and all 
 
 claulTes 
 
APPENDIX. 351 
 
 claufTes theirin conteyned, by her lettres patentes, 
 under the greate feale of England, to be delivered 
 to the nobilite of Scotland, uponn the entree 
 of the pleges afoirfaid within the ground of 
 England. 
 
 In witnes wheirof, the commilTionaris for the 
 Ducke of Chafteaularault and nobilite of Scot- 
 land befoir named, half fubfcryved thefe prefen- 
 tis, and thereunto aiExed their feales, the day, 
 2eare and place afoirfaidis. 
 
 James Stewart. 
 Patrik L. Ruth wen. 
 JoHNE Maxwell. 
 W. Maitland. 
 Jhone Wyshart, 
 Henricus Balnaves, 
 
 Sub figillis pr^diftorum commiiTiariorum de cera 
 rubea pendente a duplicibus caudis pergamense. 
 
 No. 
 
352 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. XVIII 
 
 THE FOURTH COVENANT 
 
 Ane conira6l of the Lords and Barons to defend 
 the liberty of the Evangell of Chriji, 
 
 AT Edinburgh, the twintie feventh of Apryll, 
 the year of God ane thoufand fyve hundred 
 threefcore years ; we, whaes names are under- 
 written, haif promittit and obliedged our felves 
 faithfully, in the prefence of our God, and be 
 thir prefent promitts, that we altogether in gene* 
 ral, and every one of us in fpecial be himfelf, 
 with our bodies, goods, freinds, and all that we 
 may do, fall fet forwart the reformation of reli- 
 gion, according to Goddes worde ; and procure, 
 be all means pofTible, that the true preaching of 
 Goddes word may haif free paflage within this 
 realme, with dew adminillration of the facraments, 
 and all things depending upon the faid worde. 
 And ficklyke, deiply weighing with our felves 
 the mifbehaviour of the Franche miniflers heir, 
 the intolerable opprelTions committed be the 
 
 Franch- 
 
 * I3uK.NET, from the original at Hamilton. 
 
A P P Jt N D I X. 
 
 35: 
 
 Franch-men of weir upon the puir fubjefe of 
 this rcalme, be meyiuenance of the Queen 
 dowriare, under collour and pretence of autho- 
 rity ; the tyranny of their captains and leaders, 
 and manifeft: danger of couqueifl, in whilk this 
 countrie prefently Hands, be reafon of diverfe 
 fortifications on the fea-coaft, and other novel- 
 ties of late attemptat be them ; promitts, that we 
 fall, als weell every one with others, as altoge- 
 ther, with the Queen of England's armie, prefent- 
 ly come in for our deliverance, efleflually con- 
 curr and joyn together, taking onefold and plain 
 part of the expulfion of the faid flrayngars, op- 
 preffors of our liberty, furth of this realme, and 
 recovery of our ancient freedomes and hberties ; 
 to the end in tyme coming we may, under the 
 obedience of our King and Queen our Soverains, 
 be only reulyt be the laws and cuflomes of the 
 countrie, and by the men of the land ; and that 
 never any of us all liaifF pryvy intelligence, be 
 writing or mefTage, or communication with any 
 pf our faid enemys or adverfars in this caufe, bot 
 be the advyce of the reft, at leift fyve of our 
 numbers. Attour, that we fall tender this pre- 
 fent caufe, as if it were the caufe of every one 
 of us in particular ; and that the caufe of every 
 one of us now joyned together being Iciful and 
 Z z honed-. 
 
354 APPENDIX. 
 
 honed, fliall be all our caufes in general ; and he 
 that is enemy to the caufe forfaid, fall be enemy 
 to us all ; in fo far, that whatfomever ^pcrfon will 
 plainly rcfril thir our godly interpryfis, and will 
 not concurr as ane guid member of this common- 
 weill, we fall fortify the authority of the coun- 
 fell, to reduce them to their deuty ; lykeas wc 
 fall fortify the faid authority of the counfale in 
 all things tending to the furtherance of the faid 
 caufe. And giff any particular debate, quarrell 
 or contraverfee fall aryfe, for whatfomever caufe 
 by gain, prefent or to come, betwixt any of us, 
 fas God forbid) ; in that cafe we fall fubmit our 
 felves and our faid queftions to the decifion of 
 the counfale, or to arbitrators to be named be 
 them ; provyding allwayes that this be not preju- 
 dicial to the ordinar jurifdiftion of judges, but 
 that men may perfue their anions, by ordour of 
 law, civilly or criminally, before the judges or- 
 dinars, gif they pleafe. 
 
 No» 
 
APPENDIX. 35^ 
 
 No. XIX, 
 
 Commijfion by Franch and Mary to Deputies to aEl 
 in the fettlement of the affairs of Scotland *. 
 
 FRANCIS and Mary, by the grace of God, 
 King and Queen of France and Scotland, to all 
 who fhall fee thefe prefent letters, greeting : the 
 thing which we have above all others defired fince 
 the death of our mod honoured Lord and Father 
 the King lately deceafed, whom God abfolve, 
 has been to preferve that peace, amity and confe- 
 deracy eflabliflied in his lifetime with our neigh- 
 bouring chriflian Princes, efpecially with our mofb 
 dear and well-beloved filler and coufm the Queen 
 of England, by the bell offices of friendlhip that 
 lay in our power, as every one may perceive and 
 know, by the fincerity of our actions, and our 
 gracious deportment towards each of the faid 
 Princes. But whereas the rebellion of fome of 
 our fubjecls of the kingdom of Scotland has been 
 the occafion, that upon the frontiers of the faid 
 kingdom, and thofe of England, there has been 
 fome gathering together of foldiers from both 
 Z z 2 kingdoms 
 
 * Keith. 
 
^S^- APPENDIX. 
 
 kingdoms, which may have interrupted in fomc 
 fort our common amity: for the re-eilablifliment 
 whereof, and to pacify the differences which up- 
 on this occafion may have intervened, we having 
 received information, that our faid filler is willing 
 to depute feme perf.^ns to repair thither on her 
 part, do hereby publiili and declare, that being 
 defirous above all oth^r things to fee Chriftendom 
 in repofe, and to continue that peace which God 
 liath been pleafed to beflow upon us, to his hon- 
 our and the repofe of his people ; a thing which 
 has been alfo very dear to us : and having per- 
 fect and entire confidence in our trufty and belo- 
 ved John de Montluc Bifliop of Valence, and Ni- 
 colas de Pelue Biiliop of Amiens, both members 
 of our Privy-council ; James de la Broffe, Sieur 
 de la Brolfe, Knght of our orders, and Cham- 
 berlain in ordinary ; Henry dentin, Sieur d'Oy- 
 fel, gentleman of our bed-chamber, and our 
 Lieutenant-general in the kingdom of Scotland, 
 and Charles de la Rochefoucault, Sieur du Ran- 
 dan, a Captain of fifty men of our gens d'armes ; 
 and we being well fatisfied of their good under- 
 ftanding, virtues, loyalty, experience and con- 
 duft : for thefe and other confiderations us mov- 
 ing, have given commifiions to them, or any 
 
 three 
 
APPENDIX, 357 
 
 three or two of them in abfence of the reft, or 
 during their necelTary avocation elfewhere ; and 
 by thefe prefents do give commiffioa, order and 
 appointment to the faids perfons, or any three or 
 two of them, to tranfport themfelves to the fron- 
 tier of our faid kingdom of Scotland, and to meet 
 and affemble with the deputies of our faid fifler 
 the Queen of England, at fuch time, and in fuch 
 place, together with fuch other circumdances as 
 depend thereupon, and as fliall be agreed upon 
 by their common and mutual confent, and then 
 and there to treat concerning the renewing of our 
 forefaid mutual amity, and to devife fuch means 
 as may ferve to compofe and make up the differ- 
 ences which may have brought an alteration there- 
 in, according as they fliall perceive the fame to be 
 for the behoof of our fervice, the peace and tran- 
 quillity of our kingdoms, territories, and fubjecls. 
 And in like manner, to give alTurance to our fub- 
 jcfts of the kingdom of Scotland, that notwith- 
 flanding they have of late committed fo grievous 
 a crime, as to forget their diity towards us, if 
 never thelefs they fball repent, and return to that 
 obedience which they owe to us, we are willing 
 to receive them into favour, and to forget all that 
 is pad, and not afterwards to make any equiry 
 
 into 
 
35^ APPENDIX. 
 
 into their former behaviour ; becaufe we are defir- 
 ous of nothing more, than to fee them living un- 
 der obedience to us, and in peace, union and 
 tranquilHty together. And generally to do in the 
 premiffes, the circumftances and dependences 
 thereof, all and fundry things which we ourfelves 
 would or could do, if we were perfonally prefent, 
 even altho* fomething lliouldfall out which might 
 appear to require a more fpecial inftruftion than is 
 contained in thefe prefents. By which likewife 
 we promife in good faith, and in the word of a 
 King and C)ueen, to hold agreeable, firm and fta- 
 ble all and every thing that fliall be agreed, done 
 and concluded by our forefaid deputies, or any 
 three or two in the abfence of the reft : and to 
 maintain, keep, obferve, approve and ratify the 
 fame within the time and after the manner as they 
 fliall agree to ; and that we fliall never act in the 
 contrary thereof any manner of way. For fuch 
 is our will and pleafure. In witnefs whereof, we 
 have figned thefe prefents with our proper hands, 
 and have caufed our feal to be appended. 
 Given a^ Remorentin the 2d day of June, in the 
 
 year 
 
APPENDIX, 359 
 
 year of grace 1560, and of our reigns the firll 
 and lixteenth. 
 
 Signed, FRANCIS. MARY. 
 
 And in the folding, By the KING and QUEEN. 
 De P Aubefpine. 
 SeaPd with yellow wax* 
 Signed thus, 
 
 MoNLuc E. de Valence. Randan. 
 
 And we fubfcribers in our own names, and in 
 the names of the reft of the nobility of. Scot- 
 land, do promlfe and lliall bind ourfelves to the 
 within contents. 
 
 Then follows in Englilli, 
 
 This is the trew copy of the original! conferred 
 
 and colationed. 
 
 James Stewart. 
 
 RUTHVEN. 
 
 W. Maitland. 
 
 No: 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 No. XX. 
 
 The Concejions of Francis and Mary to the Nobility 
 and the People of Scotland *, 
 
 ALTHO* war be fometimes permitted, for ne- 
 neffity, for felf-defence, and for other juft and 
 reafonable caufes ; neverthelefs feeing the effe(fls 
 thereof are afflifting and mifchievous, it.muft of 
 confequence be difagreeable and hateful to all thofe 
 who have any thing of the fear of God remaining 
 in them. For befides that there can be no war 
 without a dilfolution of the bond of <?hai-ity, 
 which is the true and certain mark whereby true 
 Chriflians are difcernable from thofe wicked ones 
 who bear the name only of Chriftianity ; humane 
 blood is therein ihed with far lefs regard than that 
 of the brute beails in the Ihambles j the whole 
 body of the people is cruelly created and trampled 
 upon J the ili-deferving are fupported and favour- 
 ed 'y the virtuous are oppreiTed, and conftrained 
 to abandon their houfes and families ; married 
 women are forced from their hulbands ; virgins 
 are hal'd away, and made fubfervient to abomin- 
 able 
 
 » Ki 
 
APPENDIX. 361 
 
 able practices ; widows and orphans are left a 
 prey to tliofe wliofe chief bufinefs it is to work 
 mifchief. Thefeare the effects of war: and there- 
 fore the cry of fo many poor afflifted perfons can- 
 not fail to reach unto heaven, and be heard by 
 him who cannot lie, and hath promifed to revenge 
 the evil which is done to the defolate, whom he hath 
 taken under his o^vn prote^lion and fafe-guard. 
 All which inconveniencies and mifchiefs have beeu 
 maturely and wifely confidered by the King and 
 Queen our Sovereigns, who defire nothing more 
 than to maintain their fubje£i:s in peace, union 
 and tranquillity : and being to their ^icat grief 
 advertifed of the troubles v\^hich have fallen out 
 of late in this kingdom of Scotland, following their 
 own good and chriftian difpofition* they have 
 given exprefs deputation to the reverend father in 
 God, John de Monluc Bifliop and Count of Va- 
 lence, one of his Majefty's privy-council, and to 
 MelTire Charles de la Rochefoucault Knight, 
 Seigneur de Randan, chamberlain in ordinary 
 to the King, and Captain of 50 gens d'armes, to 
 tranfport themfelves into Scotland, with orders to 
 appeafe the commotions of war, and reconcile, if 
 pollible, all differences, and to notify to the nobi- 
 lity, and all their other fubjefts in that kingdom, 
 their Majeflies gracious intentions to receive theim 
 A a a into 
 
3^2 APPENDIX. 
 
 into favour, and to retain no remembrance of 
 any thing that has , intervened from the begin- 
 ning of thofe troubles. Which gracious clemen- 
 cy the Scottifli nobiUty have received with all 
 due fubmiffion cmd reverence, both in name of 
 themfelves here prefent, and of thofe that are ab- 
 fent : and in teftimony of their duty, have offer- 
 ed to render to their Majefties all that obedience 
 which the true, faithful, and natural fubje£ls of 
 this crown owe to their Sovereigns ; promifmg at 
 the fame time to ferve their Majefties fo faithful- 
 ly, and fo to acquit them.felves of their bounden 
 duties, that their Majefties fliall ever have occafion 
 to treat them favourably. And in order to re-* 
 move all differences which are at prefent fubfiftihg, 
 as well as to take out of the way the occafions 
 that may chance to create new ones for the time 
 to come, they have prefented to the Lords Deputies 
 a petition, containing certain articles for the pre- 
 fervation and mainten^noe of their liberties, laws, 
 cuftoms and privileges, and of peace, union and 
 love among the whole fubie£ls : of the which ar- 
 ticles, fuch as have appeared to be juft and reafon- 
 able to the Lords Deputies, the faid Deputies have 
 granted the confirmation, in name of the King 
 and C^ieen our Sovereigns, in manner after fol- 
 io wing : 
 
 I. UPON 
 
APPENDIX. ;^6^ 
 
 I. UPON the complaint made by the nobility 
 and people of this country againft the number of 
 foldiers kept up here in time of peace, fupplicating 
 the Lords Deputies of th& King and Queen to af- 
 ford fdVne remedy therein, for the relief of the 
 country : the faids Deputies having confidered the 
 faid requeft to be jufl and reafonable, have con- 
 fented, agreed and appointed, in the name of the 
 King and Queen, that hereafter their Majeflies 
 ihall not introduce into this kingdom any" foldiers 
 out of France, nor any other nation whatfoever, 
 unlefs in the event of a foreign army's attempt- 
 ing to invade and polfefs this kingdom : in which 
 cafe the King and Queen fliall make provifion, by 
 and with the counfel and advice of the three e- 
 ftates of this nation. And as for the French fol- 
 diers that are juil now in the town of Leith, they 
 (hall be fent back into France, at the fame time 
 that the Engliih naval and land armies, together 
 with the Scottifli army, fliall remove in fuch 
 form as fliall be more amply devifed. And it is 
 likewife agreed, that fuch bands of Scottifli fol- 
 diers as are within the town of Leith fliall be dif- 
 banded. Item, That no more than fixfcore 
 French foldiers fhall be retained in the forts of 
 Dunbar and Inch-keith, to be divided between 
 them two places : fixty whereof, and no more, 
 Aaa 2 fliall 
 
364 APPENDIX. 
 
 fliall remain in the fort of Dunbar. And if the 
 ftates can fall upon any fecure means whereby to 
 retrench the expence laid out on thefe two places, 
 without incurring "the danger of rendering them a 
 prey to thofe that would pretend to make them- 
 felves maflers of them, they are at freedom to 
 acquaint their Majeflies thereof with the foonefl. 
 But the forefaid num.ber of fixfcore French fol- 
 diers lliall in nowife be augmented : nor ihall it 
 be allowable for them to do harm or injury to 
 any perfon, nor yet to receive within their forts 
 any Scottifli men of what quality or degree foe- 
 ver, with intention to fecure them from the magif- 
 trates of the country, or defend them againfl: the 
 olTicers of juftice ; nor ihall they take any part in 
 any private quarrels, which may chance to fall 
 out among the great men or other perfons within 
 the kingdom : and if any complaint lliall be made 
 againft any of themfelves, they lliall be bound to 
 anfwer before the ordinary judges of the land, 
 and lliall be liable to punifliment according to the 
 laws and cuiloms of the country. Item, It is pro- 
 vided, that to prevent their taking things upon 
 loan, they fliall receive their wages regularly each 
 month. And it fliall be lawful for two Scottifli 
 gentlemen chofen by the council, to be prefent at 
 their mufters, and to infped the forts, lefl; there 
 
 be 
 
APPENDIX, ^6^ 
 
 be more men got into them than the ftipulated 
 number. Item, The foldiers belonging to thofe 
 two garrifons fliall not take to them any vi(5luals, 
 without paymg ready money for the fame ; at 
 leafl, they fliall not take them againfl: the good- 
 will and confent of thofe to whom they belong : 
 and the nobility fliall be obliged to furnifli them 
 with as much as they ftand in need of, provided 
 they have money to pay for the fame. 
 
 II. As to the petition prefented to the Lords 
 Deputies concerning the demolition of fortiiica- 
 tions, they have confented, agreed and appoint- 
 ed, that the fortifications of Leith fliall be demo- 
 liflied : and as for Dunbar, two commiflionera 
 fliall be appointed by the Lords Deputies, who, 
 together with two Scottifli m.en, fliall vifit the 
 place, and confider what therein is fit to be de- 
 moliflied : and fuch new works as have been ad- 
 ded to it flnce the beginning of thefe troubles, to- 
 gether with fuch as may ferve to enlarge the for- 
 tification, and render it capable to receive foldi- 
 ers, fliall all be thrown down three days after that 
 Leith begins to be demoHflied. And forafmuch 
 as by the faid demolition, and the few foldiers 
 that are to be left in garrifon, the place will be 
 in danger to be furprifed j 'tis accorded, that 
 
 thofe 
 
366 appendix: 
 
 tliofe who have prefented this petition, lliall each 
 in particular obhge themfelves to defend it with 
 all their force, againft all thofe that would at- 
 tempt to feize it. The fame thing fliall in like 
 manner be agreed upon by the ftates, with re-^ 
 {peSi to the wardens of the marches. And neither 
 the King nor the Queen fliall hereafter caufe to 
 be built any new fortification within this kingdom, 
 nor yet enlarge thofe that are now fubfifting, nor 
 repair thofe that are now to be demoliflied, but 
 by the advice and confent of the ftates. Neither 
 fliall they caufe to be imported any artillery, a-* 
 munition, gunpowder, or vivres, in a greater 
 quantity than fliall be neceflary for the defence of 
 the two fore-mentioned forts, and the complement 
 of their garrifons from one half-year to another^ 
 or at mofl: from year to year, without the advice 
 and confent of the flates forefaid. 
 
 ill. Touching the petition for the payment of 
 fiich debts as be owing within this kingdom by 
 the French and Scottifli bands in the fervice of the 
 King, the Lords Deputies have agreed, that the 
 King and Queen fliall caufe to be reimburfed 
 whatever has been given to the King's Lieutenant, 
 to the Captains and other officers, for the fubfiftence 
 of thefaid bands 3 and generally whatever the King's 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
APPENDIX. 367 
 
 Lieutenant is in debt for his Majefly's fervice, whe- 
 ther the fame appear by writing, or by the confef- 
 fion and acknowledgment of the parties. 
 
 IV. Concerning the petition relating to the 
 aflembling of the dates, the Lords Deputies have 
 agreed, confented and appointed, that the ftates 
 of the kingdom may affemble, in order to hold a 
 parliament, on the loth day of July now run- 
 ning ; and that on the faid day the parliament 
 fliall be adjourned and continued, according to 
 cuftom, from the faid loth day of July until the 
 I ft day of Auguft next : provided that before the 
 flates fliall enter upon any bufmefs, all hoftilities 
 both by Englifli and Scottifli men be at an end, 
 that To the votes of the meeting may be uncon- 
 ftrained, and none of them be over-awed by fol- 
 diers, or any other perfons whatfoever. And 
 during the interval of adjournment, the Lords 
 Deputies fliall order a difpatch to the King and 
 ()ueen to advertife them of this conceflion, and 
 fupplicate them mod humbly, that they would be 
 pleafed to agree to thai which they have herein 
 accorded. And this aflembly fliall be as valid in all 
 refpefts, as if it had been called and appointed by 
 the exprefs commandment of the King and Queen ; 
 
 provided 
 
568. APPENDIX. 
 
 provided always that no matter whatfoever fliall be 
 treated of, before the forefaid ifl day of Augufl. 
 
 v. Concerning the article relating to peace 
 and war, the Lords Deputies have confented, grant- 
 ed and appointed, that neither the King nor the 
 Queen fliall order peace or war within Scotland, 
 but by the advice and confent of the three eftates, 
 conformable to the laws, ordinances and cuftoms 
 of the country, and as has formerly been done by 
 their predecelTors Kings of Scotland. 
 
 VI. Touching thejpetition prefented to the 
 Lords Deputies, relative to the political govern- 
 ment and the affairs of Hate withiii this kingdom, 
 the faid Lords have confented, accorded and a- 
 greeed, that the three eftates fliall make choice of 
 twenty-four able and fufEcient perfons of note of 
 this realm ; out of which number the Queen fliall 
 fele^l feven, and the ftates five, for to ferve as an 
 ordinary council of the flate during her Majefly's 
 abfence, for adminiflration of the government. 
 And it ihall not be allowed for any perfon of what 
 rank foever, to meddle in any thing that concerns 
 the civil government, without the intervention, 
 authority and confent of this council : and the faid 
 counfellors fliall be obliged to convene as oft as 
 
 they 
 
APPENDIX. 369 
 
 they can conveniently, and not under fix at a time : 
 and when any matter of importance (hall occur, 
 they (hall all be called to coafult and give their 
 orders therein ; at lea l, the greateft part inu.1; be 
 prefent. And when any one of the Queen's no- 
 mination (hall happen to die, their MajeiTies fliali 
 make choice of another to fill his place, out of the 
 remainder of the cwenty-four which were at firlt 
 prefented to them. And in like manner, when 
 one of the five that were nominated by the dates 
 happens to deceafe, in that event, the other fur- 
 viving four (liall eleft another, out of the remain- 
 der of the twenty-four that were nominated firil. 
 MoreoverN, if the ftates fhall find it convenient to 
 add to the number of t ^elve, two more counfel- 
 lors ; in that cafe the King and the CXieen iliall 
 chufe one, and the dates another. And it is fpe- 
 cially declared, that the coacelTi >n *if this article 
 fliall in no wife prejudge the King and Queen's 
 rights for hereafter, nor the rights of this crown. 
 And as for the iaianes and expences to be paid to 
 the faids counfellors, and the officers under them, 
 tiie Lords Deputies engage to employ their intereft 
 and good offices with the King and Queen, to 
 obtain thefe for them out of the revenues of the 
 B b b crown. 
 
;70 APPENDIX. 
 
 crown, provided they take care to attend and wait 
 upon their charge. 
 
 VII. Concerning the petition prefented to 
 the Lords Deputies, refpecling the offices of the 
 crown, they have confented, agreed, and appoint- 
 ed, that hereafter the King and C)ueen fliall not • 
 employ any ftranger in the management of juftice 
 civil or criminal, nor yet in the offices of chancel- 
 lor, keeper of the feals, treafurer, comptroller, 
 and fuch like offices ; but fliall employ therein the 
 the native fubjefts of the kingdom. Item, That 
 their Majeflies fliall not put the offices of treafur- 
 er and comptroller into the hands of any clergy- 
 man, or other perfon who is not capable to enjoy 
 a flate-office ; and the treafurer and comptroller 
 ffiall be invefted with powers fufficient for the ex- 
 ercife of their refpei^live offices : but it fliall not 
 De lawful for them to allienate or difpofe of the 
 wards of marriages, non-entries, cafualties, nor of 
 any other things which have relation to their offi- 
 ces, without the advice and confent of the council ; 
 that thereby the counfelloi s may be alTured, that e- 
 very thing is made to return to the Queen's profit. 
 Yet the Deputi'es mean not by this article, to have 
 the Queen limited and retrained from a liberty 
 
 to 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 371 
 
 to grant peiifions anct gifts where ilie iliall think 
 fit. 
 
 VIII. The Lords Deputies have agreed, that 
 in the enfuing parliament the dates fliall form, 
 make and eftablifh an aQ: of obUvion, which fliall 
 be confirmed by their Majefties the King and 
 Queen, for fopiting and burying the memory of 
 all bearing of arras, and fuch things of that na- 
 ture as have happened fince the 6th day of 
 March, 1558. And by this aft, all thofe who 
 have any manner of way contravened the laws 
 of the kingdom, fiiall be exempted from the 
 pains and penalties contained therein, as if they 
 had never offended : provided neverthelefs 
 that the privilege of this aft be not extended to 
 thofe whom the eflates fliall not deem worthy 
 thereof* 
 
 IX. 'Tis agreed and concluded, that the eflates 
 (hall be fummoned to the enfuing parliament ac- 
 cording to cuflom ; and it fliall be lawful for all 
 thofe to be prefent at that meeting who are in 
 ufe to be prefent, without being frightned or con- 
 flirained by any perfon. And the eflates fliall 
 oblige thenifelves, that in cafe there happen any 
 fedition, or gathering together of armed force 
 
 B b b 2 without 
 
J/ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 without the orders of the council, confifting of 
 the forementioned number, the whole country 
 fliall look upon the authors and aflifters thereof 
 as rebels, and as fuch fliall purfue them, in or- 
 der to have them punilhed according to the laws 
 of the kingdom ; that fo neither the King nor 
 the Queen may be at any trouble in fending fo- 
 reign foldiers hither, for enforcing obedience to 
 themfelves. 
 
 X. 'Tis agreed and concluded, that there fhall 
 be a general peace and reconciliation among all 
 the nobility and other fubje£ts of Scotland ; and, 
 it fliail not be lawful for thofe perfons who have 
 been called the Congregation, nor for thofe 
 who M'ere not of the Congregation, to re- 
 proach each other with any thing that has been 
 done fmce the aforefaid 6th day of March. 
 
 XI. The Lords Teputies have offered, agreed, 
 and concluded, that neither the King nor Queen 
 ll:all profccute, nor take revenge for any thing 
 that is now paft and gone ; nor fliall not allow 
 their French fubje^ls to profecute nor revenge 
 the fame, but fliall forget the fame as if it had 
 never been done : and that the Lords and Gen- 
 tlemed of Scotland fliall comport themfelves af- 
 ter 
 
A P P E N D I X« 373 
 
 ter the fame manner, for fuch things as have paf- 
 fed between them and the Frenchmen in this 
 country. Moreover, if by falfe reports, or by 
 other means, their Majefties have conceived fmi- 
 fler thoughts of any of their fubje£ls, they ftiall 
 forget and change the fame : neither fhall they 
 denude or deprive any of their fubjeifls of their 
 offices, ben(^fices, or eftates, which they held 
 formerly within this kingdom, upon account of 
 their having had any meddling in the things 
 which have fallen out fmce the 6th day of March 
 forefaid j nor yet affume a pretext or colour from 
 any thing elfe, to deal fo by their fubjefts, but 
 efteem and treat them in all time coming as good 
 and obedient fubjeds : provided alfo that the 
 faids Nobles and the reft of the fubjecls render 
 unto their Majefties fuch an entire obedience as 
 is due from faithful and natural fubjefts to their 
 proper Sovereigns. 
 
 XII. 'Tis agreed and concluded, that it Ihall 
 not be lawful for the Nobles nor any other per- 
 fons to convene together in arms, except in fuch 
 cafes as are approved by the laws and cuftoms 
 of the land ; nor yet to invite and bring in fo- 
 rei{;n foldiers, nor to enterprize any thing againft 
 the authority of the Queen, the council, or any 
 
 inferior 
 
374 
 
 APPENDIX^ 
 
 inferior magiftrates, under the pains of rebellion 
 and other penalties contained in the laws of the 
 country. And if it happen that any perfons what- 
 foever fhould pretend, that t'ley had occafion gi- 
 ven them to complain of injuries, and to take up 
 arms ; in t'^at cafe it fliall be free to them to pre- 
 fent a fupplication to their Majefties, but not 
 until they have firrt: communicated the fame to 
 the council within the kingdom. Aijd all in ge- 
 neral lliall bind themfelves to perform this and 
 all other things which belong to good and loyal 
 fubjefts, for the peace and tranquility of the 
 country, under the pains forefaid, and to do e- 
 very thing that lies in their power for the pre- 
 fer vaci on of the kingdom and the rights of their 
 Sovereign* 
 
 XIII. *Tis agreed and concluded, that if any 
 Bilhops, Abbots, or other ecclefiaftical perfons, 
 fliall make complaint, that they have received a- 
 ny harm either in their perfons or goods, thefe 
 complaints fliall be taken into confideration by 
 the eitates in parliament ; and fuch reparation 
 fliall be appointed, as to the faids eflates fliall ap- 
 pear to be reafonable. And in the mean time 
 it fliall not be lawful for any perfon to give them 
 any diilurbance in the enjoyment of their goods, 
 
 nor 
 
APPENDIX. 37J 
 
 nor do them any wrong, injury, or violence.— 
 And whofoever fliall aft in contravention to this 
 article, flicdl be purfued by the nobility as a 
 diflurber of the public weal and tranquility. 
 
 XIV. 'Tis agreed and concluded, that the no- 
 bility fliall bind and oblige themfelves to oblerve 
 and to caufe to be obferved all the feveral points 
 and articles comprehended in and granted by 
 this treaty ; and if it fliould fo happen, that any 
 one among them, or any other perfon or perfons 
 lliall contravene the fame, in that cafe all the reft 
 of the nobility and people fliall become enemies 
 to them, and ilrall purfue them until they be pu- 
 niflied according to their defer ving. 
 
 XV. And to the end the whole kingdom may- 
 perceive that the King and Queen are willing to 
 retain no remembrance of all the by-paft troubles 
 and differences, and how defirous they are to 
 treat in a favourable manner the nobility and the 
 other lubjects of this kingdom, the Lords Depu- 
 ties have agreed, that the Duke of Challelhe- 
 rault, the Earl of Arran his fon, and all other 
 Scottifli Gentlemen, fliall be reinflated in the 
 lands, goods, eftates, and benefices vvhich they for- 
 merly held within the kingdom of France, and 
 
 poflTefs 
 
37^ APPENDIX. 
 
 pofTefs and enjoy them after the fame manner as 
 they did before the commencement of the trou- 
 bles on the 6th day cff March 1558, and as if 
 thofe troubles had never fallen out. And like- 
 wife 'tis agreed, that all the capitulations made in 
 times pad, fliall be maintained and obferved as 
 well by their Majefties as by the nobiHty and 
 people of Scotland ; and in particular that which 
 was made and agreed at the marriage of the 
 King and Queen. And the Lord David, fon to 
 the Duke of Chaflclherault, who is now [pri- 
 foner] in the Caftle of Bois de Vincennes, Ihall 
 be fet at liberty to return into Scotland, or to 
 difpofe of himfelf at his own pleafure. 
 
 XVI. And whereas the Lords Deputies have 
 fignified, that the King may have ufe for his ar- 
 tillery in France, 'tis advifed and concluded, 
 that no other artillery fh.ill be tranf])orted out of 
 Scotland, than what was fent thither fince the 
 death of the late King Francis ; and that all other 
 pieces, but efptcially thofe which are marked with 
 the arms of Scotland, fhali be reftored to the 
 places from whence they uere taken : And for 
 the diiliaguifliing of thefe feveral pieces of artil- 
 lery, lour commifTioners Ihali be appointed, be- 
 fore 
 
APPENDIX'. 377 
 
 fore the embarkation of the troops, viz. two 
 Scottifh and two French Gentlemen. 
 
 XVII. Whereas on the part of the nobles 
 and people of Scotland, there have been prefent- 
 ed certain articles concerning religion, and cer- 
 tain other points in which the Lords Deputies 
 would by no means meddle, as being of fuch im- 
 portance, that they judged them proper to be re- 
 mitted to the King and Queen. Therefore the 
 faids Nobles of Scotland have engaged, that in 
 the enfuingconvrention of eftates, fome perfons of 
 quality fliall be chofen for to repair to their Ma- 
 jeflies, and remonftrate to them the flate of their 
 affairs, particularly thefe laft mentioned, and fuch 
 others as could not be decided by the Lords De- 
 puties; and to underftand their intention and 
 pleafure coticerning what remonftrances fliall be 
 made to them on the part of the kingdom of 
 Scotland ; and thofe Gentlemen fliall carry along 
 with them to the King and Queen the confirma^ 
 tion and ratification made by the eflates, of the 
 feveral articles which are prefently granted by the 
 Lords Deputies, at which time they fliall get de- 
 livered to them the confirmation and ratification 
 done by their Majefties, and even fooner, if the 
 «fUte3 fliall tranfrait their own ratification before 
 C c c that 
 
178 A P PEN D I ST. 
 
 that time. In witnefs whereof, the faids Lords 
 Deputies have figned thefe prefent articles, at E- 
 dinburgh, the 6th day of July 1560. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 
 The Treaty of Peace at Edinburgh *. 
 
 'TIS appointed, agreed, and concluded, that 
 all the military forces pertaining to either party 
 by fea or land, ihall depart out of Scotland, after 
 the manner and upon the terms as ftiall be agreed 
 by particular articles figned and fealed by the re- 
 fpe£live commotioners ; fuch a certain number of 
 French foldiers excepted, as fliall be condefcend- 
 cd upon by the commilTioners of France and th« 
 Lords of Scotland, to remain in the caftle of Dun« 
 bar and fort of Inch-keith. 
 
 Item, 'Tis appointed, agreed, and concluded,, 
 that all manner of warlike preparations m Eng-- 
 land and Ireland againfl the French or Scots ; and 
 in France againll the Englifli, Irifn, or Scots, 
 fliall hereafter ceaie : fo that no fliip having on 
 
 boards 
 
 * Rymer. The articles confirming the treaty of Cam^ 
 bray are omitted in this tranfcript. 
 4 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 79 
 
 board any foldiers or warlike inftruments, or pre- 
 parations for war, {hall be allowed to pafs from 
 England or Ireland, or from any other part, in- 
 to France or Scotland, by and with the confent 
 of Elizabeth C^een of England ; nor from 
 France, nor any other part, to England, Ireland, 
 or Scotland, by and with the confent of Francis 
 and Mary, King and Queen of France and 
 Scotland. 
 
 Itjm, Seeing in the forementioned treaty of 
 Cambray, it was agreed and concluded, that the 
 fort built at Aymouth in the kingdom of Scot- 
 land, fliould have been demolifhed within three 
 months after the date of the faid treaty, razed to 
 the ground, and nothing ever thereafter to have 
 been built there ; and although the faid fort be 
 in fome fort demolifhed, yet not fo as was agreed 
 upon ; therefore tis now appointed, agreed, and 
 concluded, that the faid fort of Aymouth fliall 
 be utterlie demoliflied and razed, before the end 
 of four days after the demolition of Leith fliall 
 begin. And in the demolifliing of the faid 
 fort, fuch Scottifh men as ftiall be deputed there- 
 unto by the commiilioners, fliall be at freedom 
 to make ufe of the labour of EngUfli pioneers. 
 
 C c c 2 Item,, 
 
380 appendix: 
 
 •^ ~~~ - - ^,-,- ., 
 
 Item, Seeing the kingdoms of England and 
 Ireland do by right -pertain to the mod ferene 
 Lady and Princefs Elifabeth ; upon which ac^ 
 Gount it is not lawful for any other perfons to 
 call, write, name or entitle themfelves, nor yet 
 to order themfelves to be called, written, named 
 or entitled King and C)ueen of England or Ire^- 
 land, nor to ufe or take to themfelves the enfigns 
 armorial, or arms of the kingdom of England or 
 Ireland 5 therefore *tis appointed, agreed, and 
 concluded, that the faid Mofl Chriftian King and 
 Queen Mary, and both of them, ihall in all times 
 coming, abftain from ufmg and bearing the faid 
 title and arms of the kingdom of England or Ire- 
 land, and fliall ftriftly prohibite and forbid their 
 fubjefls in France and Scotland, and the pro- 
 vinces thereof, from ufmg the faids title and arms 
 any manner of way ; and fliall likewife prohibite 
 and take care, fo far as in them lyes, that no per- 
 fon quarter the faids enfigns armorial with the 
 arms of the kingdoms of France or Scotland.. 
 And if there be any public letters or writings 
 which carry in them the title of the kingdoms of 
 England or Ireland, or be fealed with the feal of 
 the faids kingdoms, or either of them ; the famp 
 lliall be renewed, without the adjeftion of the ti- 
 tle and arms of England and Ireland ^ and ail 
 
 lettar^ 
 
APPENDIX. 381 
 
 f ■ " — — * ■ 
 
 letters and writings containing the faid title, or 
 fealed with the feals of the faids arms, which fliall 
 not be renewed within fix months after the pu- 
 blication of this prefent treaty, fliall be void and 
 of no avail. Finally, they fliall take care fo fat- 
 as they can, that in the faids kingdoms of France 
 and Scotland, the faids arms be no where extant, 
 feen, or found mixed with the arms of the faids 
 •King or Queen Mary ; and that the faid title be 
 no where extant, feen or found afcribed to the 
 faids King or Queen Mary. 
 
 Item, Whereas the CommilTioners of the mod 
 ferene Queen Elifabeth did require, that the fore- 
 going caution and provifion contained in the clofe 
 of the article immediately preceding, fliould be 
 publillied by open proclamation ; and did like- 
 wife infifl on a farther compenfation and repara- 
 tion for the injuries which they aliedged- were 
 done to the faid mod ferene Queen Elifabeth, by 
 the faids mod ferene King and Queen Mary : 
 and whereas the commifTioners of France, after 
 having replied fundry things in anfwer thereunto, 
 did farther add, that they had no authority to 
 treat or conclude any thing concerning thefe par- 
 ticulars ; and if they fliould wait until a return 
 ftiall cope from France, not -only would there a- 
 
 rifc 
 
^%i APPENDIX. 
 
 rife from thence a great lofs of time, but more- 
 over flrong impediments may come in the way of 
 compleating the prefent treaty of peace and ami- 
 ty ; therefore it is appointed, agreed, and con» 
 eluded, that this difceptation concerning the a^ 
 bove demands, namely, concerning the publica* 
 tion of the forefaid caution, and concerning a far* 
 ther reparation, fliall be remitted to another 
 meeting at London between the faids commiflion- 
 crs of both parties, to be alTembled as quickly as 
 conveniently may be. And if nothing can be 
 got concluded concerning the faid difceptation 
 before the end of three months, to be reckoned 
 from the date of this prefent treaty ; in that cafe 
 the faid difceptation fliall, by confent of both 
 parties, be referred to the arbitration of the moil 
 mighty Prince Philip, the Catholic King of Spain, 
 to whofe fentence and award both parties Ihall 
 fland. And if the faid Catholic King fliall not 
 find it convenient for him to pronounce a final 
 decree in writing concerning thefe matters, with* 
 in a year after the aforefaid three months are 
 elapfed, excepting ftill if the term fliall not chance 
 to be prolonged by confent of both parties j whe- 
 ther there be no fuch prolongation of the time, 
 or the faid Catholic King do not put an end to 
 the faid difceptation within the time fo prolong- 
 ed ^ 
 
APPENDIX. 3$^ 
 
 ed ; in either of thefe cafes, the faid mofl ferene 
 Queen Elizabeth's right of fuing for thefe things 
 ihall be referved entire to her, in the fame flatc 
 and condition it was in before the commencement 
 of this treaty. 
 
 Item, Seeing it hath pleafed Almighty God, 
 in whofe hands are the hearts of Kings, fo to in- 
 cline the minds of the faids Mod Chriftian King 
 and Queen Mary, that they have largely mani- 
 felled their clemency and benignity towards their 
 mobility and people of their kingdom of Scot- 
 land, and that reciprocally the faids nobility and 
 people have willingly, and of their own accord, 
 acknowledged, profeffed, and promifed all duty 
 and obedience to the faids Mofl Chrillian King 
 and Queen their Sovereigns : for the better pre- 
 fervation, cherilhing and continuance whereof, 
 the faids Moll Chrrflian King and Queen have, 
 by their faids commijSioners, granted their alTent 
 to certain fupplicatory petitions prefented by the 
 faids nobility and people to the faids King and 
 Queen, tending to the honour of the faids King 
 and Queen, to the public benefit of the faid king- 
 dom, and to the continuation of thetr obedience* 
 And the faids Mofl Chriflian King and Queen 
 being defurous to have their faid benignity to- 
 wards 
 
384 APPENDIX. 
 
 wards their faid fubjefts attributed to the good 
 offices of the faid mod ferene Queen Elizabeth^ 
 their mofl: dear filler and confederate, at whofe 
 interceffion and requeft the faids King and Queen 
 have been more propenfely movedjiereunto; there* 
 fore 'tis agreed between the forefaid coramiffion- 
 ers of both parties, that the faids Mofl Chrfl ian 
 King and Queen Mary {hall fulfil all thofe things 
 which by there faids commiffioners they have 
 granted to the faids nobility and people of Scotland 
 at Edinburgh the 6th day of July, in this prefent 
 year 1560, provided the faids nobility and peo^ 
 pie of Scotland fliall fulfil and obferve all thoft 
 things that are contained in the faids articles and 
 conventions to be performed on their part* 
 
 Item, In this treaty of peace and amity is 
 comprehended on the part of the faids mofl fe- 
 rene Princes Francis the Mofl Chriftian King of 
 France and Queen Mary, as like wife on the part 
 of the mofl ferene Elizabeth Queen of England, 
 the mofl potent Prince Philip the Catholic King 
 of Spain, conformable to the force and efFe6l of 
 treaties fnbfifling between the iaids Kings and 
 Queens, their kingdoms, territories, countries, 
 and dominions. 
 
 Item. 
 
APPENDIX. 385 
 
 Item, 'Tis appointed, agreed, and concluded, 
 that this prefent treaty, with all and feveral the 
 conventions and contents thereof, fliall be ratified 
 and confirmed by the faids mod mighty and il- 
 luftrious Francis and Mary, and Elizabeth, and 
 each of them, within the fpace of fixty days af- 
 ter the date of this treaty, and fliall be turn'd by 
 them into letters patents, with their great feals ap- 
 pended, and their proper manual fubfcriptions 
 adjoined ; and the faids Princes, and each of 
 them, fliall deliver the faids confirmatory authen- 
 tick letters, fo fubfcribed and fealed, to the com- 
 miflloner or coramiflloners of the other Prince, 
 having authority to this effe£l:.^ 
 
 Item, 'Tis appointed, agreed, and concluded, 
 that the faids mofl: illuflrious and niofl mighty 
 Princes, Francis and Mary, and Elizabeth, and 
 every of them, fliall in the prefence of the com- 
 miflioner or commiflioners of the other Prince, 
 having fufficient authority for this eifeft, if re- 
 quired by him or them, promife on their royal 
 word, and fwear ,upon God's holy gofpel ; and 
 every of them fhall fo fwear, that they fliall truly, 
 inviolably, and in good faith, obferve for their 
 part, all and every the articles, conventions, pro- 
 D d d vifions, 
 
385 APPENDIX. 
 
 vifions, and pa6ts comprehended in this prefent 
 league and treaty. 
 
 Here follow the tefiors of the coiimiljfiom, 
 
 IN faith and teftimony of all which and lingu- 
 lar the premifTes, we the forefaids Commiilioners 
 and Ambaffadors have caufed thefe letters patents 
 fubfcribed with our hands, to be fortified and cor- 
 roborated by our feals. 
 
 These things were done at Edinburgh, with- 
 in the faid kingdom of Scotland, the 6tli day of 
 July, 1560. 
 
 J. MoNLucius, Ep. Valentinus* 
 J. Randan. 
 W. Cecil. 
 
 N. WOTTON. 
 
 No; 
 
APPENDIX. 387 
 
 No. XXII. 
 
 The Supplication of the Congregation to the Par Ha* 
 
 ment*. 
 
 The Barons, Gentlemen, BurgefTes, and other 
 true fubje^ls ot this realm, profefling the Lord 
 Jefus within the fame. 
 
 To the nobilitie and dates of Parliament prefently 
 affembled within the faid realm, defire grace, 
 mercy, and peace, from God the Father of 
 our Lord Jefus Chrift, with the increafe of his 
 Holy Spirit. 
 
 PLEASE your honours to call to remembrance, 
 how divers and fundry times, we (with fome of 
 your felves) mod humbly petitioned, at the feet 
 of the late Queen Regent, for freedom and liber- 
 ty of confcience, with a godly reformation of a- 
 bufes, which by the malice of 3atan and negli- 
 gence of men, are crept into the religion of God, 
 and are maintained by fuch as take upon them 
 the name of clergie. And albeit that our godly 
 and moft reafonable fuit was then difdainfully re- 
 D d d 2 jefted, 
 
 * Knox. 
 
388 APPENDIX. 
 
 jefted, whereof no fmall troubles have enfued, as 
 your honours well know, yet feeing that the fame 
 neceflity yet remaineth, that then moved us ; and 
 moreover, that God of his mercy hath now put 
 into your hands, to take fuch order, as God 
 thereby may be' glorified, this common-wealth 
 quieted, and the policy thereof eflablilhed : wc 
 cannot ceafe to crave of your honours the redrelTe 
 of fuch enormities, as manifeflly are (and of long 
 time have beenj committed by the place-holders of 
 the miniflerie, and others of the clergie within 
 this realm. And firft, feeing that God of his 
 great mercy hath by the light of his word mani- 
 fefted to no fmall number of this realme, that the 
 do<^rine of the Romane church, received by the 
 faid clergie, and maintained through their tyran- 
 nic by fire and fword, contained in itfelfe many 
 peftiferous errours, which cannot but bring dam- 
 nation to the fouls of fuch as therewith fliall be 
 infefted j fuch as are the doftrine of tranfubllan- 
 tiation ; of the- adoration of Chrift's body, un- 
 der the form of bread, as they terme it ; of the 
 merits of works, and juftification that they al- 
 leadge commeth thereby : together with the doc- 
 trine of the papifticall indulgences, purgatory, 
 pilgrimage, and praying to faints departed, which 
 all either repugne to the plain fcriptures, or elfe 
 
 have 
 
APPENDIX. 389 
 
 have no ground in the doftrine of our Mailer Jefus 
 Chrift, his prophets and apoflles. 
 
 1. First, We humbly therefore crave of your 
 honours, thatfuchdo<n:rine and idolatry as by God's 
 word are both condemned, fo may they be abolifli- 
 ed by aft of this prefent parliament, and puniila- 
 m ent appointed for the tranfgreflbrs. 
 
 2. Secondarily, Seeingthat the facraments of 
 Jefus Chrift are mofi: fliamefully abufed and pro- 
 faned by that Romane harlot and her fworne vaf- 
 fals J and alfo becaufe that the true difcipline of 
 the ancient church is utterly now amongfl that 
 feft extinguillied : for who within the realme are 
 more corrupt in life and manners than are they 
 that are called the clergie, living in whoredom, 
 adultery, deflouring virgins, corrupting matrons, 
 and doing all abomination, without fear of punifli- 
 ment. We humbly therefore defire your honors 
 to finde remedy againfl the one and the other. 
 
 3. Thirdly, Becaufe that man offm fallly 
 claimeth to himfelfe the titles of, the Vicar of 
 Chrift, the Succeffor of Peter, the Head of the 
 Church J that he cannot erre, that all power is 
 granted unto him, &c. By the which ufurped 
 
 authority. 
 
39© APPENDIX. 
 
 authority, he taketh upon him the diflribution 
 and poffefTion of the whole patrimony of the 
 church, whereby the true miniftry of the word of 
 God long time hath been altogether neglefted, the 
 godly learning defpifed, the fchools not provided, 
 and the poor not only frauded of their portion, 
 but alfo mofl tyrannoufly opprelTed : we likewife 
 hereof defire remedy. And left that your honors 
 fliould doubt in any of thefe premifes, we offer 
 ourfelves evidently to prove, that in all the rabble 
 of the clergie there is not one lawfull minifler, if 
 God's word, the practices of the Apoflles, the 
 fmcerity of the . primitive 'church, and their own 
 ancient laws, lliall judge of lawfull ele£lion. We 
 further offer to prove them all thieves and mur- 
 therers, yea, rebels and tray tors to the lawfull 
 authority of emperors, kings, and princes, and 
 therefore unworthy to be fuffered in any reform- 
 ed common-vv^ealth. How malicioufly they mur- 
 thered our brethren, for no other caufe, but for 
 that they offered to us the light of God's word, 
 your honours cannot be ignorant ; and into what 
 hazard their tyranny hath brought this whole 
 realm, the ages after will confider. If ye look 
 for other fruit in times to come, than ye have 
 feen in them whom we accufe, we are affured ye 
 Hull be deceived. Now hath God, beyond ail 
 
 expeflatioQ 
 
APPENDIX. ^91 
 
 expe<Slation of man, made you, who fometimes 
 were fuppliants with us for reformation, judges, 
 as it were, in the caufe of God : at leafl, he hath 
 fo fubdued your enemies unto you, that by vio- 
 lence they are not able to fuppreile the veriety, as 
 heretofore they have done. We therefore, in 
 the bowels of Jefus Chriil, crave of your honors, 
 that either they may be compelled to anfwer to 
 our former accuflitlons, and unto fuch others as 
 juftly we have to lay to their charges ; or tKe 
 that all aifection laid afide,, ye pronounce them 
 fuch by cenfure of this parliament, and caufe 
 them to be fo reputed, as by us moft juilly they 
 are accufed : efpecially, that they may be difcern^ 
 ed unworthy of honour, authority, charge or 
 cure in the church of God, and fo from hence- 
 forth never to enjoy voice in parliament : which 
 if ye do not, then in the fear of God, and by 
 affurance of his word we forewarn you, that as 
 ye leave a grievous yoke, and a burden intolera- 
 ble upon the church of God in this realm, fo fliall 
 they be thorns in your eyes, and pricks in your 
 fides, whom after, when ye would, ye fliall have 
 no power to remove. God, the Father of our 
 Lord Jefus Chrifl:, give you upright hearts, feek^ 
 ing his glory, and true underflanding, what this 
 day he who hath delivered you from bondage 
 
 both 
 
392 APPENDIX. 
 
 both fpirituall and temporall, craveth of you by 
 his fervants, and your honours anfwer moft hum- 
 bly require. 
 
 No. XXIII. 
 
 i:he Abolition of the Mafs *. 
 
 IN the parliament holden at Edinburgh, the 
 tenth of July, the yeer God 1560. The faid 
 parliament being continued to the firfl of Auguft 
 next thereafter following, with continuation of 
 dayes, upon the twenty fourth day of the faid 
 moneth of Auguft, the three ftates then being pre- 
 fent : the which day, forfomuch as Almighty 
 God, by his mofl: true and bleffed word, hath de- 
 clared the reverence and honour which Ihould be 
 given to him ; and by his Son Jefus Chrifl hath 
 declared the true ufe of the facraments, willing 
 the fame to be ufed according to his will and 
 woixi ; by the which it is notorious, and perfeft- 
 ly knowne, that the facraments of baptifme, and 
 of the body and blood of Jefus Chrifl, hath been 
 this long time pafl, corrupted by the papiflicall 
 church, and by their miniflers. And at this pre- 
 
 fent 
 
 ♦ Ki 
 
APPENDIX. 393 
 
 fcnt time, notwithftanding the reformation already 
 made according to God's word ; yet neverthe'effe 
 there is fome of the fame Popes church that flub- 
 bornly perfevereth in their wicked idolatry, fay- 
 ing mafTe, and baptizing conform to the Popes 
 church, profaning therethrough the facraments 
 aforefaid in quiet fecret places, regarding therein 
 neither God nor his word : 
 
 Therefore it is decreed and ordained in this 
 prefent parliament, that no manner of perfon or 
 perlons, in any time coming, adminiflrate any o£ 
 the facraments fecretly, in any manner of way, 
 but they that are admitted, and having power to 
 that efFe£l ; nor fay mafTe, nor yet heare malTe, 
 nor be prefent thereat, under the pain of confifca- 
 tion of all their goods, and punifliing of their bo- 
 dies at the difcretion of the magiftrates within 
 whofe-jurifdiftion fuch perfons happeneth to be 
 apprehended for the firft fault : banifhing out of 
 the realme for the fecond fault, and chaltifmg by- 
 death for the third fault. And ordain,eth ail {lie- 
 riffs, ftewards, bay lies, and their deputies, provofl:^ 
 and baylifts of burroughs, and other judges with- 
 in this realm, to make diligent fuie and inquifi- 
 tion within their bounds, where any fuch ufurped 
 miniflry is ufed, mafll-faying, or they that be pre- 
 E e c fent 
 
394 APPENDIX. 
 
 fent at the doing thereof, ratifying and approving 
 the fame, and take and apprehend them, to the ef. 
 fe£V, that the pains above written may be execu- 
 ted upon them. 
 
 Extra£lum de libro parliament), per me, &c. 
 Sic fubfcribitur. 
 
 Jacobus Magill. 
 
 No. XXIV. 
 
 The Aholhion cfthe Authority of the Pope,* 
 
 IN the parliament holden at Edinburgh, the 
 tenth of July, the year of God 1560. And 
 thereafter continued to the firfl day of Auguil 
 next thereafter following, with continuation of 
 dayes, upon the 24 of the faid mon^th of Auguft, 
 the three dates then being prefent, underflanding 
 that the jurifdidion and authority of the Billiop 
 of Rome, called the Pope, ufed in this realm in 
 times pa{t5hath been very hurtfome and prejudici- 
 al! to our Severaigns authority and common-wealc 
 of this realm. Therefore hath decreed and or- 
 dained, that the Biihop of Rome hath nojurifdic- 
 tion nor authority of this realm in times coming. 
 
 And 
 
 '^ Kkox. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 395 
 
 And that none of our faid Several ^ns fubjefts, 
 claim, and defire in any time hereafter, title oi 
 right by the faid Bifliop of Rome, or his feft, to 
 any thing within this realm, under the pains of 
 baratrie, that is to fay, profcription, banifhment, 
 and never to brook and enjoy honour, office, 
 nor dignity within this realm ; and the contrave- 
 ners hereof to be called before the juftice, or his 
 deputies, or before the L^rds of the feffion, and 
 punifhed therefore, confirm to the laws o^ this 
 realm ; and the furnifhers of them with fy nance 
 of money, and purchafers of their title of right, 
 or maintainers or defenders of them, fliall incur 
 the fame pains : and that no Bifhop, nor other 
 prelat of this realm, ufe any jurifdi^ion in times 
 to come, by the faid Bifhop of Romes authoriiyj 
 under the pain aforefaid. 
 
 Extraftum de iibro parliamenti, per me, 
 
 Ut fupra» 
 
 FINIS. 
 
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