tihrary of ^he t:heolo0ical ^tmxnavy PRINCETON ♦ NEW JERSEY Donation from Samuel Agnew BR 375 .075 1846 v.l Original letters relative 1 the English Reformation /v-t- m I ORIGINAL LETTERS RELATIVE TO THE ENGLISH REFORMATION. ^t)t Wiarfxcv ^orirty* ,?n0titittftJ ^.B. i*l.l3C®^.X?l. dFox tifte liuljUcation of tfje SSllorfes of ti)t dFatf^ev^ and (»?arlp SSUriters of tfje l^cformeti / ORIGINAL LETTERS RELATIVE TO THE ENGLISH REFORMATION, WRITTEN DURING THE REIGNS OF KING HENRY VIII., KING EDWARD VI., AND QUEEN MARY: CHIEFLY FROM THE ARCHIVES OF ZURICH. IKANSLATED FROM AUTHENTICATED COPIES OF THE AUTOGRAPHS, .AND EDITED FOR BY THE REV. HASTINGS ROBINSON, D.D. F.A.S. RECTOR OF GREAT WARLEY, ESSEX; AND FORMERI.V FELLOW OF ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRliXJK. THE FIRST PORTION. CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. M.DCCC.XLVI. ADVEBTISEMENT. In the preface to the Second Series of letters from the Archives of Zurich and other repositories in Switzerland, published by the Parker Society, it was stated that the Council had procured from the same collections more than three hundred other letters, written during the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward YL, and queen Mary, also having reference to ecclesiastical affairs and the progress of the Reformation. The translation of these letters will form the present and a subsequent pubhcation : for as the printing proceeded, it was found that the entire series could not be conveniently contained in one volume : but as the first portion is now completed, the Council have issued it as one of the earhest books in return for the subscriptions of the present year, various though unavoidable circumstances having de- layed the publication of another work originally intended to be issued at this time. The question respecting the chronological or other ar- rangement of the letters now published was long and maturely considered : in the result it appeared best to print those of each writer together. As the present correspondence does not, like the letters written in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, involve that regular view of the history of the times, which made the chronological arrangement in that case desirable, the plan now adopted has been considered, on the whole, the least hable to objection. A table of contents will how- ever be given with the succeeding portion, which will era- brace the entire series of ante-Elizabethan correspondence, in the chronological order of the respective letters. The Indices, and a fuller preface, will also be given with the re- [ZURICH LETTERS, III. J VI ADVERTISEMENT. maining portion, which will form another of the volumes of the present or following year, whichever may be found most expedient, and according to the pit)gress made with the other works now in course of publication ; the Council not being unmindful of the general desire of the members, frequently expressed, that the books should be issued as speedily as possible in return for the subscriptions of each year. It is however hardly necessary to state, that the uncertainties attendant upon all Kterary proceedings will often prevent the adoption of that course which would be most in accordance with the wishes of those concerned in them. The plan of publication adopted by the Society, it will also be remembered, is not that of works printed for ordinary circulation ; and while its volumes involve far more than the usual difficulties of preparing for and passing through the press, the pre- cise time of the appearance of any particular book is not a matter of so much importance as in pubHcations for common The greater part of these letters are now printed for the first time : they will be found to contain many details of interest, relative to various proceedings of that period, and occasionally to give much information respecting the customs and manners of the times, as well as the private history of the writers and other individuals to whom they refer. October ], 1U4G. ^'2''"'^;"*^ CONTENTS. LET. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. Edward VI. to the Senate of Zurich . .Westminster, Oct. 20, 1549. 1 Lady Jane Seymour to Bucer and Fagius, Sion, June 12, 1549.... 2 Duke of Suffolk to H. Bullinger London, Dec. 21, 1551 3 Lady Jane Grey To H. Bullinger Bradgate, July 12, 1551. ... 4 To the same Bradgate, July 7, 1552 7 To the same Before June, 1553 9 Archbishop Cranmer To Joachim Vadian 1537 H To Wolfgang Capito Without place or date 15 To John a Lasco London, July 4, 1548 16 To Albert Hardenberg Cambridge, July 28, 1 548. . 18 To Martin Bucer London, Oct. 2, 1548 19 To Philip Melancthon London, Feb. 10, 1549 21 To H. Bullinger Lambeth, March 20, 1552... 22 To Calvin Lambeth, March 20, 1552... 24 To Melancthon Lambeth, March 27, 1552... 25 To the widow of M. Bacer Lambeth, April 20, 1552 ... 27 To Conrad Hubert and others .-.Lambeth, April 20, 1552 ... 28 To Peter Martyr From Prison, 1555 29 Miles Coverdale To Calvin Frankfort, March 26, 1548. , 31 ToFagius Windsor Castle, Oct. 21, 1548 32 John Hooper To H. Bullinger Strasburgh, Jan. 27, [1546] 33 To the same Without place or date 38 To the same Without place or date 40 To the same After Sept. 10, 1547 43 To M. Bucer Zurich, June 19, 1548 44 To H. Bullinger Basle, March 28, 1549. ... 48 To the same ..; Strasburgh, March 31, 1549 50 To the same Mayence, April 8, 1 549 51 To the same Cologne, April 14, 1549. To the same Antwerp, April 26, 1549. To the same Antwerp, May 3, 1549... To the same London, May 31, 1549.... To the same London, June 25, 1549.. To John Stumphius London, Aug. 1, 1549. ... To H. Bullinger London, Nov. 7, 1549. ... To the same London, Dec. 27, 1549.... To the same London, Feb. 5, 1550 55 57 62 64 65 67 69 71 74 Vlll CONTENTS. Bishop Hooper XXXVIII. To H. Bullinger London, March 27, 1550.... 78 XXXIX. To the same London, June 29, 1550 86 XL. To the same Gloucester, Aug. 1, 1551 ... 91 XLL To the same Gloucester, Oct. 27, 1551 ... 95 XLIL To John 8tumphius Gloucester, Oct. 27, 1551.... 98 XLIII. To H, BuUinger London, Feb. 28, 1553 99 XLIV. To the same From prison, Sept. 3, 1553. 100 XLV. To John a Lasco From prison, Nov. 25, 1553 101 XLVL To H. Bullinger '. From prison, May 23, 1554. 102 XLVIL To the same From prison. May 29, 1554. 103 XLVIII. To the same From prison, Dec. 11, 1554. 104 Anne Hooper XLIX. To H. Bullinger London, Apr. 3, 1551 107 L. Tothesame Gloucester, Oct. 27, 1551 ... 108 LL Tothesame Frankfort, April 20, 1554... 110 LIL To the same Frankfort, Sept. 22, 1554... Ill LIIL To the same Frankfort, Nov. 12, 1554... 112 LIV. To the same Frankfort, April 11, 1555... 114 John Ponet LV. To H. Bullinger Strasburgh, April 14, 1556. 115 LVI. Tothesame Strasburgh, June, 1556 117 LVII. Maria Ponet to Peter Martyr Strasburgh, July 15, 1557... 118 Richard Cox LVI II. To H. Bullinger Palace, Westminster, Oct. 22, 1549 119 LIX. Tothesame London, Nov. 1, 1550 120 LX. To the same "Westminster, May 5, 1551 . 121 LXL To the same Windsor, Oct. 5, 1552 123 LXIL Owen Oglethorp to H. Bullinger Oxford, Oct. 30, 1548 124 Robert Horn LXIII. To John Wolfius Frankfort, Feb. 2, 1556 125 LXIV. and R. Chambers to Senate of Zurich, Frankfort, Feb. 3, 1556 126 LXV. To H. Bullinger Frankfort, Feb. 3, 1556 129 LXVL Tothesame Frankfort, Sept. 19, 1556 .. 131 James Pilkington LXVIl. To R. Gualter Geneva, April 7, 1556 134 LXVIII. To H. Bullinger Cevennes, June 27, 1556. ... 136 LXIX. Earl of Bedford to H. Bullinger Venice, April 26, 1557 138 LXX. Sir A. Cook to P. Martyr Strasburgh, Jan. 20, 1558 ... 139 Sir J. Cheke LXXI. To H. Bullinger Greenwich, June 7, 1553. ... 140 LXXII. To John Calvin Strasburgh, Oct. 20, 1555... 142 LXXIIL" To H. Bullinger Strasburgh, March 12, 1556 145 Sir R. Morison LXXIV. To Calvin Strasburgh, April 17, 1555. 147 LXXV. To H. Bullinger Strasburgh, Aug. 23, 1555... 148 Thomas Lever LXXVI. To R. Ascham Without place or date 150 LXXVn. To H. Bullinger Geneva, April 11, 1554 153 LXXVIII. Tothesame Geneva, April 23, 1554 155 CONTENTS. IX LET. PAGE Thomas Lever LXXIX. To H. BuUinger Geneva, June 28, 1554 156 LXXX. To the same Geneva, Jan. 17, 1555 157 LXXXI. To the same Frankfort, Feb. 12, 1555. ... 159 LXXXII. To the same Strasburgh, Jan. 4, 155G. ... 160 LXXXIII. To the same Berne, May 12, 1556 162 LXXXIV. To R. Gualter Basle, May 27, 1556 163 LXXXV. To H. Bullinger Arau, Sept. 18, 1556 165 LXXXVI. To R. Gualter Arau, Aug. 11, 1557 166 LXXXVII. and others to H. Bullinger Arau, Oct. 5, 1557 169 T. Sampson LXXXVIII. To John Calvin Strasburgh, Feb. 23, 1555... I70 LXXXIX. To H. Bullinger Strasburgh, Aug. 6, 1555... 172 XC. To the same Strasburgh, April 6, 1556... 173 XCI. To the same Without place or date 175 XCII. To the same Lausanne, Aug. 12, 1556... 176 XCin. To the same Lausanne, Sept. 13, 1556.... I77 XCIV. To the same Lausanne, Oct. 13, 1556.... 179 XCV. To the same Strasburgh, April 23, 1557 . 180 XC VI. To Peter Martyr Frankfort, April 8, 1 558 ... . 181 XCVII. To the same Strasburgh, July 10, 1558.. 182 Christopher Hales XCVIIL To R. Gualter London, March 4, 1550 184 XCIX. To the same London, May 24, 1550 186 C. To H. Bullinger London, June 12, 1550 188 CL To the same London, Dec. 10, 1550 189 CIL To R. Gualter Before Jan. 26, 1551 191 CIIL To the same London, Jan. 26, 1551 195 R. Hilles CIV. To H. Bullinger August, 1540 196 CV. To the same London, 1541 200 CVL To the same Frankfort, Sept. 18, 1541.... 216 CVIL To the same Strasburgh, Nov. 23, 1541... 222 CVIIL To the same Strasburgh, May 10, 1542... 224 CIX. To the same Strasburgh, Dec. 18, 1542.. 228 ex. To the same Frankfort, March 24, 1543. 239 CXL To the same Strasburgh, Sept. 26, 1543. 240 CXn. To the same Strasburgh, Nov. 15, 1543 . 242 CXIII. To the same Strasburgh, Sept. 26, 1544. 244 CXIV. To the same Strasburgh, April 15, 1545. 246 CXV. To the same Strasburgh, Jan. 28, 1546... 250 CXVI. To the same Strasburgh, April 30, 1546. 252 CXVIL To the same Strasburgh, Jan. 26, 1547... 255 CXVIII. To the same Strasburgh, Feb. 25, 1547... 257 CXIX. To the same Strasburgh, May 19, 1547... 259 CXX. To the same Strasburgh, June 18, 1548.. 261 CXXL To the same London, June 4, 1549 265 CXXIL To the same London, Nov. 17, 1549 267 CXXIIL To the same London, June 25, 1550 268 CXXIV. To the same London, 3Iarch 22, 1551 ... 271 CXXV. To the same London, .July 9, 1553 272 CONTENTS. LET. PAGE .lohn Aylmer CXXVI. To H. Bullinger Bradgate, May 2!), 1551 . ... 275 CXXVII. To the same London, Dec. 23, 1551 277 James H addon CXXVIII. To H. Bnllingpr Bradgate, May 29, 1551. ... 279 CXXIX. To the same London, Dec. 28, 1551 280 CXXX. To the same Richmond, Aug. 1552 281 CXXXL To the same About October, 1552 288 CXXXII. To the same London, Nov. 30, 1553 290 CXXXIII. To the same Strasburgh, July 9, 1554.... 291 CXXXIV. To the same Strasburgh, Aug. 31, 1554. , 292 CXXXV. To the same Strasburgh, Dec. 9, 1554.... 294 CXXXVI. To the same Strasburgh, Jan. 8, 1555.... 297 CXXXVII. To the same Strasburgh, Jan. 15, 1555... 298 CXXXVIII. To the same Strasburgh, April 24, 1555. 299 CXXXIX. To the same Strasburgh, Dec. 7, 1555.... 300 CXL. To the same Strasburgh, March 12, 1556 301 John Banks CXLI. ToH. BuUinger London, March 15, 1554.... 303 CXLIL To the same Strasburgh, Dec. 9, 1554..., 306 CXLIIL Tothesame Strasburgh, Jan. 9, 1555. ... 308 CXLIV. Thomas Harding to H. Bullinger ...Oxford, Oct. 19, 1551 309 CXLV. Henry Sidall to H. Bullinger Oxford, Oct. 4, 1552 311 CXLVL Ralph Skinner to H. Bullinger Oxford, Jan. 5, 1650 313 CXLVIL John Willock to H. Bullinger Oxford, May 12, 1552 314 Barthol. Traheron CXLVIIL To H. Bullinger London, Feb. 20, 1540 316 CXLIX. Tothesame Before Feb. 18, 1546 317 CL. Tothesame London, Aug. 1, 1548 319 CLL To the same London, Sept. 28, 1548 321 CLII. Tothesame London, Dec. 31, 1548 322 CLIII. To the same Oxford, June 12, 1550 .323 CLIV. To the same London, Sept. 10, 1552 324 CLV. Tothesame London, June 3, 1553 326 CLVI. To John Calvin Without place or date 328 CLVII. Peter Alexander to Paul Fagius Lambeth, March 24, 1549... 329 Paul Fagius C'LVIII. To Ulstetter Calais, April 18, 1549. 331 CLIX. Tothesame Lambeth, April 26, 1549.... 332 CLX. To Conrad Hubert Croydon, May 7, 1549 333 Bernardine Ochinus CLXI. ToMusculus London, July 17, 1548 334 CLXII. Tothesame London, Dec. 2.% 1548 336 CLXIII. Musculus to H. Bullinger Berne, March 12, 1549 336 CLXIV. Peter of Perugia to H. Bullinger Cambridge, Feb. 10, 1550... 338 CLXV. Thomas Norton to Calvin London, Nov. 13, 1552 339 CLXVI. Hierome Massarius to H. Bullinger.. Basle, Dec. 21, 1553 342 CLXVIL John Byrchman to H. Bullinger Dec. 10, 1549 344 William Salkyns CLXVIIL To H. Bullinger Strasburgh, Nov. 26, 1554.. 345 CLXIX. Tothesame Strasburgh, Dec. 28, 1554 . . 346 CONTENTS. XI LET. FAlxK Francis Dryander CLXX. To H. Bullinger Cambridge, March 25, 1549. 348 CLXXI. To the same Cambridge, June 5, 1549.... 350 CLXXII. To Joachim Vadian Cambridge, June 5, 1549.... 352 CLXXIII. To H. Bullinger Basle, Dec. 3, 1549 353 CLXXIV. To the same Strasburgh, May 2, 1552. ... 354 CLXXV. Francis AVarner to H. Bullinger Strasburgh, July 8, 1543.... 355 CLXX VI. Thomas Knight to H. Bullinger Venice, Jan. 23, 1547 357 CLXX VII. Richard Masters to R. Gualter Oxford, June 14, 1551 358 CLXXVIII. Augustine Bernher to H. Bullinger... Baxterley, May 31, 1552.... 360 CLXXIX. M. Parker and W. Haddon to C. Hubert and Chelius, Camb. 1551 361 CLXXX. M. Bucer's widow to Abp. Cranmer, Before April 29, 1552 363 CLXXXI. U. Chelius and C. Hubert to Parker 1 ^^^^^^ u June20, 1553 ... 364 and Haddon 5 CLXXXIL Julius Terentianus to J. [ab Ulmis], Strasburgh, Nov. 20, 1553 . 365 CLXXXIII. M. Reniger to H. Bullinger Without place or date 374 ERRATA. 5, 1. 11,^0?- you read your. !0, 1. 17, /or the sixth Sunday before Easter, read Good Friday. 13, 1. penult. /or Jenkins read Tomkins. wt PEIKCETOIT "^LETTER EDWARD VI. TO THE SENATE OF ZURICH, Dated at Westbiinster, Ocl. 20, 1549. Edward the sixth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, king, defender of the Faith, and of the church of England and Ireland supreme head upon earth, &c. To the honourable and vahant Lords of Zurich, our right entirely beloved friends, greeting. After we had taken upon ourselves, by ancient and hereditary right, the govern- ment of our kingdoms, nothing was more ardently desired by us than to conciliate, and most firmly retain, the friendship of those sovereigns who had been especially esteemed by our most serene father of most happy memory : and as in the number of these he always regarded, as long as he hved, your most noble and valiant nation; so we likewise cannot but regard you with especial esteem, and exceedingly value your friendship ; and the rather, because we have understood by the frequent letters of our faithful and beloved servant, Christopher Mont, both your favourable disposition towards us, and ready inchnation to deserve well of us. In addition to which, there is also a mutual agreement between us con- cerning the christian religion and true godliness, which ought to render this friendship of ours, by God's blessing, yet more intimate. We therefore return you our warmest thanks for your singular and favourable disposition towards us, which you shall always find to be reciprocal on our part, whenever an opportunity shall present itself. We have therefore com- manded tliis our servant to salute you most cordially, to inform you more fully of our affection and good-will, and to lay before you, in our name, some other things which we have thought fit should at this time be made known to you. We therefore earnestly request you to place assured and un- doubting reliance upon what he shall communicate. So farewell. From our palace at Westminster, Oct. 20, a.d. 1549, and of our reign the tliird. Your good friend, EDWAKD. r n 1 • [ZURICH LETTERS, III.] LADY JANE SEYMOUR TO BUCER ASD FAGIUS. [lET. LETTER 11. LADY JANE SEYMOURS TO BUCER AND FAGIUS. Dated at SiOK, June 12, 1549. I HAVE perused your letter, most reverend fathers, which has not only pleased, but highly dehghted me. For I easily perceived therein your singular good-will towards me, a grace and eloquence equal to that of Cicero, together with a most abiding remembrance of me, which, as it is in most persons of very rare occurrence, I cannot sufficiently admire in you. But when I consider in what way I can recompense the sincerity of your friendship, I plainly perceive that this is quite out of my power ; and that I can only offer you, as I shall do as long as I live, my warmest acknowledgments. I dare not presume to write to you how very acceptable were the books that you presented to my sister and myself, for fear lest my ineloquent commendation of them may appear impertinent. From your exceeding praise of the addresses of myself and my sister, which we might more truly be said to babble than to recite before you, I perceive your incom- parable benevolence and friendship, abounding in such kind exaggeration respecting us. For neither my sister nor myself assume to ourselves a single atom of this commendation, nor have we any right to do so. My mother, thank God, is in good health : she desires her best respects to you both, and also thanks you for your salutations to her grace. Fare- well, both of you, and may yom^ hfe long be preserved! Dated at Sion^ June 12, 1549. Your attached well wisher, JANE SEY^MOUR. [1 This lady was the third daughter of the protector Somerset, and intended by liim to become the wife of Edward VI. She afterwards became one of the maids of honom- to queen Elizabeth, and died un- married in 1561. Strype, Mem. n. ii. 7, and Ann. i. i. 399.] [2 Sion House was built on the site of the dissolved monasteiy of that name at Isleworth, by the protector Somerset, to whom the site III.l HENRY, DUKE OF SUFFOLK. TO HENRY BULLINGER. LETTER III. HENRY^ DL'KE OF SUFFOLK. TO HEXRY BULLINGER. Dated at LoyDOX, Dec. 21, lool. That you have not received, mv very dear Bullinger, any letter from me before now, by -^hicli I might testify towards you that good-will which you have on so many accounts deserved, and also thank you most heartily for yom* exceeding coui'tesy to me. which I most entu-ely appreciate, has been solely attributable to those afiairs of state, upon which I had to bestow all my zeal, labom'. and dihgence, imless I would fail in satisfvino^ my dutv to God, mv own di^nitT. and the expectation of the pubHc. You will therefore, I know, easily pardon my delay, especially as I would have you assiu'ed that my regard for you can be diminished by no cuT-umstances. and much less by time. For the book' which you have pubhshed imder the auspices of my name, I retm-n YOU, not onlv for mv own sake, but for that of the whole «/ ' t •_ chm'ch of Chi-ist, the thanks I ought ; and I acknowledge the divine goodness towai'ds his chm'ch, and, as Paul expresses it, the love of God to man'-, that he has chosen to adorn and illmnuiate his church vdth such hghts, as that we who are less enhghtened, may follow those guides in the beaten path of true rehgion, who may both be able, by reason of the gifts they have received from God. and wiLLino;. by reason of their affection to then* brethren, diligently to poiut out the way in which we ought to walk. It would indeed have been all was granted by Edward Xl., who, on the duke's execution, bestowed it upon John Dudley, duke of Nonhimiberkmd. Ir was afterwards given by James I. to Henry Percy, the ninth eaid of Xorthumberkud, in which family it now remains.] [3 Henry Grey, third marquis of Dorset, having married Frances, daughter of Charles first duke of Suffolk, by whom he had lady Jane Grey, was created duke of Suffolk, Oct, 10, 1551. He was beheaded in 1554.] {} Bulhnger had dedicated a volume of his Decades to the duke of Suffolk in March, 1551. See Strype, Mem. n. i. 397.] [^ (^Ckav6p<3i-iav. Tit. iii. 4.] 1 2 4 HENRY, DUKE OF SUFFOLK, TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. over with us, had not ho provided pillars of this kind to sup- port his church, which otherwise would beyond all doubt have been overthrown. I acknowledge myself also to be much indebted to you on my daughter's account, for having always exhorted her in your godly letters to a true faith in Christ, the study of the scriptures, purity of manners, and innocence of life ; and I earnestly request you to continue these exhortations as fre- quently as possible. Farewell, most accomphshed Bullinger, and may Almighty God prosper your endeavours in the church, and evermore defend you ! From my house in Lon- don. Dec. 21, 1551. HENRY, DUKE OF SUFFOLK. LETTER IV. LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. Rated at [Bradgate, July 12, 1551 J.] I GIVE you, most learned sir, unceasing thanks, and shall do so as long as I live, for I cannot engage to requite the obligation; as I seem to myself quite unable to make a suitable return for such exceeding courtesy, unless indeed you should be of opinion that I return a favour while I retain it in my remembrance. Nor are these professions made without reason. For I have received from you a most weighty and eloquent epistle, which was indeed very gratifying to me, not only because, to the neglect of more important engagements, you have condescended to write from so distant a country, and in your declining age, to me, who am unworthy of the corre- spondence of so distinguished a personage ; but also because your writings are of such a character, as that they contain, not mere ordinary topics for amusement, but pious and divine thoughts for instruction, admonition and counsel, on such points especially, as are suited to my age and sex and the \} This letter was sent to Zui'ich inclosed in one bearing the same date from John ab Ulmis.J IV.] LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLING'ER. 5 dignity of my family. In this epistle, as in every thing else that you have published to the great edification of the christian commonwealth, you have shewn yourself not only a man of exquisite learning and singular acquirement, but also a skil- ful, prudent, and godly counsellor; one who can relish nothing that is not excellent, think nothing that is not divine, enjoin nothing that is not profitable, and produce nothing that is not virtuous, pious, and worthy of so reverend a father. Oh! happy me, to be possessed of such a friend and so wise a counsellor ! (for, as Solomon says, ''in the multitude of coun- sellors there is safety^;") and to be connected by the ties of friendship and intimacy with so learned a man, so pious a divine, and so intrepid a champion of true religion ! On many accounts I consider myself beholden to Almighty God ; but especially for having, after I was bereaved of the pious Bucer^, that most learned man and holy father, who unweari- edly did not cease, day and night, and to the utmost of his ability, to supply me with all necessary instructions and direc- tions for my conduct in life ; and who by his excellent advice promoted and encouraged my progress and advancement in all virtue, godliness, and learning ; for having, I say, afforded me in his place a man so worthy to be reverenced as yourself, and who, I hope, will continue, as you have begun, to spur me on, when I loiter and am inclined to delay. For no better fortune can await me than to be thought worthy of the correspondence and most wholesome admonitions of men so renowned, whose virtues cannot be sufficiently eulogized; and to experience the same happiness as was enjoyed by Blesilla'', Paula, and Eustochium, to whom, as it is recorded, Saint Jerome im- parted instruction, and brought them by his discourses to the knowledge of divine truths ; or, the happiness of that vene- rable matron^, to whom St Jclin addressed an exhortatory [2 Prov. xi, 14. In the original, written in Latin, Lady Jane quotes the Hebrew.] [3 Bucer died at Cambridge, Feb. 27, 1551.] [4 Blesilla was the eldest, and Eustochium the third, daughter of Paula, who was descended from the Roman family of that name. They were instructed in the christian religion by Jerome. Paula followed him to Bethlehem, where she died, after having lived there twenty years in a monastery erected by herself. ] [5 Called in the English version the elect lady. 2 John, 1.] 6 LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. and evangelical epistle; or that, lastly, of the mother^ of Severus, who profited by the counsels of Origen, and was obedient to his precepts. All which personages were less indebted for their renown and celebrity to their beauty of person, nobility of birth, and large possessions, than to the glory and happiness they derived from the instructions of wise men, who, though singularly eminent for erudition and piety, did not disdain to lead them, as it were, by the hand to every thing excellent, and to suggest to them such thoughts as might especially conduce to their eternal salvation and happiness in the life to come. And I request again and again, that as you cannot be deemed inferior to any of these in imderstanding, or learning, or godliness, you will condescend to manifest a like kindness to myself. My unreserved re- quests may carry with them an appearance of boldness ; but if you will consider the motive by which I am actuated, namely, that I may draw forth from the storehouse of your piety such instruction as may tend both to direct my conduct, and confirm my faith in Christ my Saviour, your goodness cannot, and your wisdom will not, allow you to censm-e them. From that little volume^ of pure and unsophisticated rehgion, which you lately sent to my father and myself, I gather daily, as out of a most beautiful garden, the sweetest flowers. My father also, as far as his weighty engagements permit, is diligently occupied in the perusal of it : but what- ever advantage either of us may derive from thence, we are bound to render thanks to you for it, and to God on your account ; for we cannot think it right to receive with ungrateful minds such and so many truly divine benefits, conferred by Almighty God through the instrumentahty of yourself and those lilie you, not a few of whom Germany is now in this respect so happy as to possess. If it be customary with mankind, as indeed it ought to be, to return favour for favour, and to shew ourselves mindful of benefits bestowed; how much rather should we endeavour to embrace with joy fulness the benefits conferred by divine goodness, and [1 Mammsca, mother of the emperor Alexander Severus, caused Origen to come from Alexandria to Antiocli, that she might hear him preach, a.d. 229.] [2 This was a treatise on Christian Perfection, dedicated in 1551 to Henry II. of France.] IV.] LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. , 7 at least to acknowledge them with our gratitude, though we may be unable to make an adequate return ! I now come to that part of your letter which contains a commendation of myself, which as I cannot claim, so also I ought not to allow : but whatever the divine goodness may have bestowed upon me, I ascribe solely to himself, as the chief and sole author of any thing in me that bears any sem- blance of what is good; and to whom I entreat you, most accomphshed sir, to offer your constant prayers on my behalf, that he may so direct me and all my actions, that I may not be found unworthy of his so great goodness. My most noble father would have written to you, to thank you both for the important labours in which you are engaged, and also for the singular courtesy you have manifested by inscribing with his name and pubhshmg under his auspices your fifth Decade, had he not been summoned by most weighty business in his majesty's service to the remotest parts of Britain ; but as soon as pubhc affairs shall afford him leisure, he is determined, he says, to write to you with all dihgence^. To conclude, as I am now beginning to learn Hebrew, if you will point out some way and method of pursuing this study to the greatest ad- vantage, you will confer on me a very great obligation. Farewell, brightest ornament and support of the whole church of Christ; and may Almighty God long preserve you to us and to his church ! Your most devoted, JANE GREY. LETTER V. LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at [Bradgate, July 7, 1552.] I SHOULD seem altogether ungrateful, unmindful of my duty, and unworthy of your favours, could I do otherwise than thank you, most accomplished sir, for your many acts of [3 See the preceding Letter written subsequently to this.] B LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. kindness to myself. I do this however with diffidence, inas- much as the great friendship which you desire to exist between us, and the many favours you have conferred upon one who is so entu^cly undeserving of them, seem to demand something more than mere thanks ; and I cannot satisfactorily repay by my poor and worthless correspondence the debt of gratitude I owe you. The consideration also of my unfitness to address a letter to a person of your eminence, greatly adds to my uncomfortable feelings ; nor indeed should I either desire or presume to disturb your important labours with my trifles and puerihties, or interrupt your eloquence by my so great rude- ness of speech, only that I know I have no other means of testifying my gratitude, and that I have no doubt of your accustomed and long experienced indulgence. With respect to the letter I lately received from you, you must know, that after having read it twice over, (for one perusal did not satisfy me,) I seemed to have derived as much benefit from your excellent and truly divine precepts, as I have scarcely obtained from the daily perusal of the best authors. You exhort me to embrace a genuine and sincere faith in Christ my Saviour. I will endeavour to satisfy you in this respect, as far as God shall enable me to do ; but as I acknowledge faith to be his gift, I ought therefore only to promise so far as he may see fit to bestow it upon me. I shall not however cease to pray, with the apostles, that ho may of his goodness daily increase it in me. And to this I will add, as you exhort me, and with the divine blessing, such holiness of life, as my (alas !) too feeble powers may enable me to practise. Do you, meanwhile, with your wonted kindness, make daily mention of me in your prayers. In the study of Hebrew I shall pursue that method which you so clearly point out. Farewell, and may God protect you in the task you have undertaken, and prosper you for evermore ! Your most religiously obedient, JANE GREY. VI.] LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. 9 LETTER VI. LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. Before June 1553. The tardy performance of a duty, most learned sir, ought not to be censured, especially if it has not been omitted through neglect. The truth is, I am at a great distance from you, the couriers are few, and news reaches me slowly : but as I can now avail myself of the messenger, by whom my letters to you, and yours to me, have usually been conveyed, I must not be wanting in my duty of writing to you, but as dihgently as possible, by word and deed, discharge the obli- gation. For so great is your authority with all men, so great, as I hear, is the soUdity of your preaching, so great too is the integrity of your conduct, according to the report of those who know you, that foreign and remote nations, as well as your own countrymen, are excited not only by your words, but by your actions, to follow after a good and happy life. For you are not only, as St James ^ says, a dihgent herald and preacher of the gospel, and of the holy commands of God, but also a true observer and doer of them ; and you manifest in your own life the practice that your precepts enjoin, not deceiving yourself. Neither, indeed, do you resemble those who behold their natural face in a glass, and, as soon as they have gone away, forget the form of it ; but you preach true and sound doctrine, and by your manner of Ufe afford an ex- ample and pattern for others to follow what you both enjoin and practise. But why do I thus address your gravity, when my ignorance is such that I can neither adequately praise your piety, nor sufficiently eulogise your integrity of life, nor set forth your profound and admirable learning in a becoming manner ? Were I indeed to extol you as truth requires, I should need either the oratorical powers of Demosthenes, or the eloquence of Cicero ; for your merits are so great, as to demand not only length of time, but an acuteness of intellect and elegance of expression far beyond that of my age to set them forth. For God, it seems, has looked upon you with [} See James i. 22—24.] 10 LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. sucli complacency, as to have fitted you both for his kingdom and for this world ; for in this earthly prison you pass your days, as though you were dead ; whereas you live, and this not only to Christ in the first place, without whom there can be no life, and in the next place to yourself; but also to others without number, whom you strenuously labour and assiduously endeavour to bring, by God's blessing, to that immortality which, when you shall have departed this life, you will obtain yourself. And that your piety may accom- plish what you desire, I will not cease to implore of God, the supreme ruler of the universe, nor constantly to importune the divine ears for your long continuance in this life. In writing to you in this manner I have exhibited more boldness than prudence : but so great has been your kindness towards me, in condescending to write to me, a stranger, and in supplying the necessary instruction for the adornment of my understanding and the improvement of my mind, that I should justly appear chargeable with neglect and forgetfulness of duty, were I not to shew myself mindful of you and of your deservings in every possible way. Besides, I entertain the hope that you will excuse the more than feminine bold- ness of me, who, girlish and unlearned as I am, presume to write to a man who is the father of learning ; and that you will pardon that rudeness which has made me not hesitate to interrupt your more important occupations with my vain trifles and puerile correspondence. Let me but obtain your indulgence, and I shall consider myself on every account ex- ceedingly indebted to your kmdness. For if I have been to blame in this matter, you must ascribe it rather to the ex- cess of my regard for you and for your virtues, than either to a boldness which ought not at all to exist in our sex, or a temerity which is for the most part adverse to our better judgment; inasmuch as the splendour of your ' endowments is so dazzhng to my mental perception, whenever I read your works or meditate upon yourself, that I do not consider what is becoming to my condition, but what is due to your worth and excellence. My mind, moreover, is fluctuating and un- decided : for while I consider my age, sex, and mediocrity, or rather infancy in learning, each of these things, much more all of them, deter me from writing ; but when I call to mind the eminence of your virtues, the celebrity of your character, Vr.] LADY JANE GREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. 11 and the magnitude of your favours towards me, the higher con- sideration yields to the inferior ; a sense of what is becoming me gives way to your worth, and the respect which your merits demand usually prevails over all other considerations. It now only remains for me, most illustrious sir, earnestly to entreat you cordially to salute in my name, though I am personally unacquainted with him, the excellent Bibliander^, that pattern of erudition, godhness, and authority. For so great is the reputation of his learning in our country, and so renowned his name among all people, by reason of the singular endowments which God has bestowed upon him, that though I have acquu'ed but httle learning myself, I cannot resist my inchnation to pay respect to the piety and integrity of such a man, who, if I am not mistaken, has been sent to us from heaven. And I pray God that such pillars of the church as you both are, may long enjoy good health. As long as I shall be permitted to hve, I shall not cease to offer you my good wishes, to thank you for the Idndness you have shewed me, and to pray for your welfare. Farewell, learned sir. Your piety's most devoted, JANE GREY. LETTER VII. =^ ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOACHIM VADIAN^. Dated [1537.] Having obtained a release, or rather a respite, from pubhc affairs and dehberations, and beginning, illustrious and most learned Vadian, at the turn of the year, to reply to you among my other learned correspondents, to whose letters I had long been owing an answer, (to you, I say, as having [1 Theodore Bibliander, or Buchman, was bom in 1504, at Bis- choffzel near St Gall. He was professor of theology at Zurich, where he died in 1564.] [2 The original of this letter is published by Colomesius and others : (see Strype, Cranmer, 94, 740) also in Jenkyns's Remains of Cranmer, Vol. I. p. 193.] [3 Joachim Yadian was born at St Gall in Switzerland, in 1484. He was distinguished as a scholar and mathematician.] 12 ARCHBISHOP CRANxMER TO JOACHIM VADIAN. [lET. received your letter last winter, together with a literary- present, which Idnd of presents I always regard as of the greatest value,) I first begin to consider with myself, and en- tertain some apprehension, lest by my so long protracted silence I may have given occasion in your miftd to some suspicion or opinion not altogether favourable to me. For I know that it is usual among the generality of mankind, that when one person sends his commendations to another, he anxiously expects an acknowledgment of them by the very first opportunity : and if this be delayed, he will suspect that it has been owing to pride, or neglect, or at least forgetfulness; and will conclude beforehand that the party will continue such through the whole of his life, as he has been found to be upon a first introduction. Whereas the person who sends a speedy reply, is judged to have done so from kind and friendly motives, and is therefore regarded as courteous, accessible, and grateful ; he on the other hand, who is tardy in his acknowledgments, is considered hard of access, and a person of rude and disagreeable manners. So true it is, that what- ever a man does quickly and without delay, he may be said to do twice over. But I promise myself a far better reception from your more than ordinary discretion and cour- tesy, and am confident that you will take in good part this my involuntary tardiness or delay, and not ascribe it so much to my manners as to my engagements. The nature and importance of these has, I think, long since been made known to you by report; and I have written something respecting them to our common friend Grynaeus, who will, I doubt not, as the rights of friendship require, make you ac- quainted with every circumstance. To him therefore I refer you, in case you are offended with me in this matter, as to one who will render me more excusable in your eyes. I perceive in your letter, and readily accept and embrace, your good-will towards me, and inclination to cultivate a more intimate friendship with me. For I consider you as one who, by reason of your extraordinary erudition, (by which I shall not scruple to acknowledge that I have myself derived bene- fit,) and of your probity of morals, confirmed by the testi- mony of many most excellent persons, is worthy of being regarded by me with all love, favour, and respect. Never- theless, if I may candidly express my sentiments, (as ought to be the case between good men,) the subject you treat of in VII.] ARCHBISHOP '^R.iNMER TO JOACHIM VADIAN. 13 those six books ^ which you sent me as a present, is altogether displeasing to me ; and I could wish you had bestowed your labours to better purpose, and commenced an agreeable friend- ship with myself under better, or at least more approved auspices. For, unless I see stronger evidence brought forward than I have yet been able to see, I desire neither to be the patron nor the approver of the opinion maintained by you. And I am plainly convinced, and from this circumstance espe- cially, that the cause is not a good one, because you who are so shrewd, so eloquent, and so perfectly accompUshed in all arts and learning, do not seem to defend and support it with sufficient vigour. I have seen almost every thing that has been written and pubUshed either by CEcolampadius or Zuin- ghus, and I have come to the conclusion that the writings of every man must be read with discrimination. And perhaps one might apply to these men, and not without reason, the remark of Jerome respecting Origen, that where they wrote well, nobody wrote better, &c. : you know what follows. As far indeed as they have endeavoured to point out, confute, and correct papistical and sophistical errors and abuses, I commend and approve them. And I wish that they had con- fined themselves within those limits, and not trodden down the wheat together with the tares; that is, had not at the same time done violence to the authority of the ancient doc- tors and chief writers in the church of Christ. For how much soever you may exercise your ingenuity, you will cer- tainly never convince me, nor, I think, any unprejudiced reader, that those ancient authors are on your side in this controversy. You have been, in fact, more than enough inquisitive in your investigation of errors; and while you are endeavouring to purify every thing, you have fancied error to lurk in places where none existed. And this error most certainly, if error it be, has been handed down to us by the fathers themselves, [1 Namely, Aphorisms upon the consideration of the Eucharist, in- tended to disprove the corporal presence, which tenet was held by Abp. Cranmer up to the year 1546 ; when by more matm-e and calm deUberation, and considering the point with less prejudice, and the sense of the fathers more closely, in conference with Dr Ridley, after- wards bishop of Rochester, and his fellow-martyr, he at last quitted and freed himself fi-om the fetters of that unsound doctrine. Strype, Cranmer, 94, 97; see also Cranmer's works on the Lord's supper, published by the Parker Society.] 14 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOACHIM VADIAN. [lET. and men of apostolical character, from tlie very beginning of the church. And what godly man could endure to hear this, much less to beheve it ? Not to mention in the mean time, that our gracious Lord would never have left his beloved spouse in such lamentable blindness for so long a period. Wherefore, since this catholic faith which we hold respecting the real presence has been declared to the church from the beginning by such evident and manifest passages of scripture, and the same has also been subsequently commended to the ears of the faithful with so much clearness and dihgence by the first ecclesiastical writers; do not, I pray, persist in wish- ing any longer to carp at or subvert a doctrine so well grounded and supported. You have sufficiently made the attempt already. And unless it had been firmly founded upon a solid rock, it would long since have fallen with the crash of a mighty ruin. It cannot be told, how greatly this so bloody controversy has impeded the full course of the gospel both throughout the whole christian world, and especially among ourselves. It brings very great danger to yourselves, and occasions to all others a stumbling-block greater than I can express. Wherefore, if you will listen to me, I exhort and advise you, yea, I beg, beseech, and implore and adjure you in the bowels of Jesus Christ, to agree and unite in a christian concord, to exert your whole strength in estabhshing it, and at length to afford to the churches the peace of God wliich passeth all understanding, so that we may, with united strength, extend as widely as possible one sound, pure, evan- gelical doctrine, conformable to the discipline of the primitive church. We should easily convert even the Turks to the obedience of our gospel, if only we would agree among our- selves, and unite together in some holy confederacy. But if we go on in this way to *' bite and devour each other," there will be reason to fear, lest (what I abhor the mention of), according to the warning of the apostle, we ''be consumed one of another." You have, worthy Yadian, my true and genuine opinion respecting that entire controversy, together with a free and faithful admonition. To which if you will pay attention, I shall enrol your name not only among my friends, but among my best friends. Farewell. [1537.] T. CANTUAB. VIII.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO WOLFG.VNG CAPITO. LETTER VIII. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO WOLFGANG CAPITO. Without place or date^ The treatise^, my friend Capito, which you had dedicated to the king's majesty, I presented to him with my own hand. He received it, as I thought, with pleasure and satisfaction. I also hinted to him that he should recompense your labours, and he promised to see to it. Not long after, when the bishop^ of Hereford and I were together in company with the Lord Crumwell, the keeper of the privy seal, who is one of the privy councillors, and who has himself done more than all others together in whatever has hitherto been effected respect- ing the reformation of religion and of the clergy ; we united in requesting him to put his majesty again in mind of you, which he has done, and a hundred crowns are assigned to you as a present, which he has ordered the bearer of this letter to take with him. Do you still desire to know whether your offering was acceptable ? Well, I will state, not what I myself know to be the fact, but what I have heard from others who have been at court more recently than myself. The king, who is a most acute and vigilant observer, is wont to hand over books of this kind that have been presented to him, and those especially which he has not the patience to read himself, to one of his lords in waiting for perusal, from whom he may afterwards learn their contents. He then takes them back, and presently gives them to be examined by some one else, of an entirely opposite way of thinking to the former party. When he has thus made himself master of their opinions, and sufficiently ascertained both what they commend and what they find fault with, he at length openly declares his own judgment respecting the same points. And this, I understand, [1 Dr Jenkyns, who has published the Latin original of this letter from the archives of Ziuich, assigns the date of 1537.] [2 This treatise is entitled, Responsum de Missa, Matrimonio, et jure magistratus in religione, 11 Martii, 1537, Henrico VHI. inscrip- tum. Jenkyns, Cranmer, i. 192.] [3 Edward Foxe, bishop of Hereford, 1535, died in 153S.] 16 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO WOLFGANG CAPITO. [lET. he has done with respect to your book; and while he was much pleased with many things in it, there were also some things which he could by no means digest or approve. I Buspect they were the statements you made concerning the mass. You now have every thing respecting that book which I have been able cither to hear and see in person, or to gather and collect, when absent, from the report of others. As to myself, be assured of this, that I love and reverence you from my heart, and regard you as one who, by reason of your remarkable erudition united to an equal integrity of manners, is deserving of the friendly offices of all good men. And I wish that my abihty corresponded with my inclination to serve you ; for you should then perceive, my Capito, how greatly I esteem you. I request you in the mean time to take in good part from me this trifling present, small indeed, if your deserts are taken into account, but yet not to be de- spised, if you duly consider, either the feelings of the giver, or the necessary and manifold expenses with which I am burdened almost beyond my strength. In line, I request you to favour and assist for my sake, as far as you can, this my friend Thomas Tybald\ who is the bearer of this letter. Farewell. T. CANTUAR. LETTER IX . ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOHN A LASCO. Dated at London, July 4, 1548. I AM sorry that your coming to us has been prevented by the unlookcd for intervention of some other engagement; for I have no doubt but that I should easily have satisfied [1 Cranmcr wrote a letter to Crumwell, dated 22d July, [1537], especially to recommend Tybald as "a very honest man, and both loved and ti-usted of the learned men in those parties," namely, Ger- many and Switzerland. See Jenkyns's Cranmer, i. 191.] [2 The original of this letter is published in Jenkyns's Cranmer, and also in Gabbema Epp. Clar. Virorum.] IX.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOHN A LA SCO. 17 you as to your invitation ^, if I had had an opportunity of conversing with you upon the subject. But as you are not able to come at present, but write word that you intend to come at some future time, if you shall have previously been informed by a letter from me as to the nature of your vocation amongst us ; I will converse with you by letter, and briefly explain in writing, what I shall perhaps state some- what more copiously to you in person. We^ are desirous of setting forth in our churches the true doctruie of God, and have no wish to adapt it to all tastes, or to deal in ambigui- ties ; but, laying aside all carnal considerations, to transmit to posterity a true and explicit form of doctrine agreeable to the rule of the sacred writings ; so that there may not only be set forth among all nations an illustrious testimony respecting our doctrine, delivered by the grave authority of learned and godly men, but that all posterity may have a pattern to imi- tate. For the purpose of carrying this important design into execution we have thought it necessary to have the assistance of learned men, who, having compared their opinions together with us, may do away with all doctrinal controversies, and build up an entire system of true doctrine. We have there- fore invited both yourself and some other learned men ; and as they have come over to us without any reluctance, so that we scarcely have to regret the absence of any of them, with the exception of yourself and Melancthon, we earnestly request you, both to come yourself, and, if possible, to bring Melancthon along with you. I am now sending a third letter to Melancthon^, in which I exhort him to come to us ; and if your exhortation be added to my letter, I have no doubt but that he will be persuaded to accept an invitation so often repeated*^. He need not, I think, be under any fear of the attacks of enemies, or the dangers of the roads, which, if [3 Dr Jenkyns is of opinion, from a letter of John a Lasco to Hardenberg, in Gerdes, Serin. Antiq., that this invitation had been given in the preceding year. Jenkyns, Cranmer, i. 329.] [4 For an account of Cranmer's design to unite all the protestant churches, see Strype, Cranmer, 584.] [5 See Strype, Cranmer, 574, and Latimer's Sermons, Parker So- ciety Edition, Vol. i. p. 141.] [6 John a Lasco, Jenkyns states, (Remains of Cranmer, i. 331) foi-warded Cranmer's letter to :Melancthon by ^pinus, as appears from a letter to Hardenberg, July 28, 1548, given in Gerdes.] 2 [ZURICH LETTERS. III.] 18 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOHN A LASCO. [lET. tWfey exist at all, are however far less than where he now is^. You may add too, that by undergoing a little inconvenience for a short time, he will procure to himself ease for many years, and to the state everlasting benefit. If I anticipated that his visit to us would be either useless or unpleasant, no one would dissuade him from it more earnestly than myself. But now, when I perceive that he can in nowise act more advantageously either for himself or for the state, than by coming over to us at this juncture, I am the more urgent upon the subject, and exhort you to exert all your diligence and consideration to this one end, namely, to make our friend Philip ours in reality. I explained to you, a short time since, what will be the situation of you both ; but I so explained it, as desiring that you should learn to be pleased with England from your own experience rather than by my commendation of it. Farewell and happily. London, July 4, 1548. I am exceedingly desirous of your presence. T. CANTUAR. LETTER X^ ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO ALBERT HARDENBERG. Dated at Cambridge, July 28, 1548. But if our friend Phihp will consider for what purpose he is invited, and also by what persons, those, assuredly, who are most friendly both to himself and to true religion ; and also with how great anxiety he is both invited and expected ; truly I know not whether he can neglect this summons, espe- cially as he must perceive that he has no certain vocation yonder which he can properly place in opposition to it. If [1 Cranmer alludes to the attempt of Charles V. in 1548, to force the Interim on the German protestants.] [2 A fragment only of this letter has been preserved, a portion of which will be found in the preceding one, from the words " We are desirous," &c. p. 17, to "my commendation of it," p. 18. Cranmer then proceeds as is here given. The Latin original is published in Jenkyns's Cranmer, and in the Parker Society edition of the arch- bishop's works.] X.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO ALBERT HARDENBERG. 19 he felt unwilling to refuse the venerable elector of Cologne upon a hke invitation, he cannot certainly decUne the present one, upon an occasion of much greater importance and neces- sity. His friends perhaps will be unwilling to let him go, and he too will be unwilhng to part with his friends at this particular juncture : but I fear in the mean time that all parties yonder do not attend to him from such motives as we could wish ; and even if they do, I know not whether he can now remain there with as much advantage as can now be derived from his presence in our England, and which never- theless ought not to be disregarded by us, inasmuch as we think it our duty to seek truly and heartily the glory of Christ our Lord. I wish he w^ould once make up his mind, and acquaint us with his intention, or that he would come over to us immediately, and anticipate every messenger. We will provide for the expense, either through you, or else- where, as soon as we know to what extent, and in what place, he wishes provision to be made. Cambridge, July 28, 1548. LETTER XI ^ ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO MARTIN BUCER. Dated at London, Oct. 2, 1548. Grace and peace of God in Christ. I have read your letter to John Hales ^ in which you relate the miserable con- dition of Germany, and inform us that you can scarcely preside in the ministry of the word in your city. With groanings therefore I call out with the prophet, ''Shew thy marvellous loving-kindness, thou that savest them which trust in thee from those that rise up against thy right hand." [3 The original of this letter is printed in Strype, Cranmer, 844 ; Jenkyns, i. 335, Biicer, Script. Angl. p. 190, and in the Parker Society edition of the archbishop's works.] [4 John Hales was a learned and good man, and clerk of the hanaper to Edward VI. and queen Ehzabeth. In queen Mary's time he was an exile at Frankfort. See Strype, Mem. ii. i. 47 ; in. i- -^^^ J Cranmer, 280.] 2-— 2 20 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO MARTIN BUCER. [lET. (Ps. xvii. 7, marg. ver.) Nor do I doubt but that God will regard both this and the like lamentations of godly men ; and that he will preserve and defend the true doctrine, which has hitherto been sincerely set forth in your churches, against all the rage of the devil and of the world. Those, in the mean time, who are unable amidst the raging storm to launch out into the deep, must take refuge in harbour. To you, there- fore, my Bucer, our kingdom will be a most safe harbour, in which, by the blessing of God, the seeds of true doctrine have happily begun to be sown. Come over therefore to us, and become a labourer with us in the harvest of the Lord. You will not be of less benefit to the universal church of God while you are with us, than if you retain your former posi- tion. In addition to this, you will be better able to heal the wounds of your distressed country in your absence, than you are now able to do in person. Laymg aside therefore all delay, come over to us as soon as possible. We will make it manifest that nothing can be more gratifying or agreeable to us than the presence of Bucer. But take care that you suffer no inconvenience from the journey. You are aware of those who pursue your life : do not therefore commit yourself into their hands. There is an English merchant yonder, Richard Ililles, a godly and most trustworthy man, with whom I would have you confer respecting all the arrangements for your journey. Moreover, I pray God, the eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, with my whole heart, that in the midst of wrath he may remember mercy, and look upon the calamities of his afHicted church, and kindle the light of true doctrine increas- ingly among us, and not suffer it to be extinguished, after having now shone with so much splendour for many years among yourselves. May he likewise, my Bucer, guide and preserve you, and bring you over to us in safety. Farewell and happily. London, Oct. 2, 1548. Most anxious for your arrival, THOMAS CRANMER, archbishop of Canterbury. XII.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PHILIP MELANCTHON. 21 LETTER XII. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PHILIP MELANCTHON'. Dated at London, Feb. 10, 1549. We are experiencing, most learned Melancthon, the truth of all that our Lord Jesus Christ has foretold respecting the trials of his church. " But God is faithful, who will not suffer his people to be tempted above that they are able, but will also with the temptation make a way to escape, that we may be able to bear it." For though from his hatred to the Son of God the devil exercises a horrible tyranny over the mem- bers of Christ, yet God has promised that his church shall never perish ; nay, of these last times he expressly declares, " To hoar hairs will I carry her ; I will bear, I will dehver her-." And God has always willed some civil societies to be the refuge of his churches, and that then- rulers should sup- port the friends of heavenly doctrine ; just as Obadiah be- friended the hearers of Ehas, whom the kings of Israel were persecuting on every side. Wherefore, eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, I give thee thanks for having rescued our island from the waves, hke the ark of Noah, and for having granted us such rulers as seek thy glory, and who devote their houses and possessions to the church and its service, as in old time the cottage of the widow of Sarepta afforded a home to Elias. And I pray God to direct us, and to gather unto himself a perpetual church amongst us, not only out of our own countrymen, but also from among those of foreign nations, as according to his infinite mercy he has already begun to do. For many pious and learned men have come over to us, some from Italy, some from Germany, and we are daily expecting more ; which society of the church if you will vouchsafe to increase and adorn with your presence, I know not by what means you will be able more effectually to set forth the glory of God. I am aware that you have often desired that wise and godly men should take counsel together, and, having com- [1 The original letter is printed by Jenkyns, and in the Parker Society edition of Cranmer.] [2 See Isaiah xlvi. 4.] 22 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PHILIP MELANOTHON. [lET. pared their opinions, send forth under the sanction of their authority some work, that should embrace the chief subjects of ecclesiastical doctrine, and transmit the truth uncorrupted to posterity. This object we are anxiously endeavouring to accomphsh to the utmost of our power. We therefore request you to communicate your counsel and opinions with us ♦in person, and not so to shut up your mind as to seem wanting even to your own wishes, or acting in opposition to so manifest a calling of God. I could relate many things upon this subject, which would bring you over to our opinion; but the brevity of a letter will not contain them all. I would rather, therefore, that you should learn them from the bearer, John a Lasco, a most excellent man. For he has resided with me upon the most intimate and friendly terms for some months past ; and I pray you to give credit to whatever he may relate to you in my name. May our Lord Jesus Christ, the guardian of his church, who has said, None shall pluck my sheep out of my hands, preserve and defend the ministry of his gospel, and bring you in safety to the harbour of our church! Farewell. London, Feb. 10, 1549. Most anxious for your arrival, THOMAS CANTUAK. Our German friends who are with us, request you to bring with you doctor Albert Hardenberg, as Jonas ^ will tell you in my name. LETTER XIIL ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO HENRY BULLINGER^. Dated at Lambeth, March 20, 1552. Much health. That I reply, after a year's interval, to your letter dated at Zurich on the 24th of February, you must impute partly to my want of leisure, and partly to a [1 This was Justus Jonas the younger, who came over with letters commendatory from Melancthon. Strype, Cranmer, 581.] [2 The original letter is printed by Jenkyns, and in the Parker Society edition of Cranmer.] XIII.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 23 kind of dislike to a duty of this nature, and which I must candidly admit myself to entertain. But as it is better to perform a duty tardily than not at all, you shall now receive a reply to the whole of your letter. You write to me upon two subjects, one of a public, the other of a private nature. With respect to that which is public, namely, that I would advise the king's majesty not to send any delegate to the council of Trent^, there was no need of any advice of mine to dissuade him from a measure which never came into his mind : but I considered it better, foras- much as oui' adversaries are now holding their councils at Trent to confirm their errors, to recommend his majesty to grant his assistance, that in England, or elsewhere, there might be convoked a synod of the most learned and excellent persons, in which provision might be made for the purity of ecclesiastical doctrine, and especially for an agreement upon the sacramentarian controversy. To which plan (as consider- ing it most useful to the christian commonwealth) I perceived that the mind of his majesty was very favourably disposed. We must not therefore suffer ourselves to be wantino- to the church of God in a matter of such importance. I have written upon the subject* to masters Philip [Melancthon] and Calvin; and I pray you to devise the means by wliich this synod may be assembled with the greatest convenience, either in England or elsewhere. The private affair upon which you wrote to me, was, that I should put an end to the controversy between the bishop of London and Hooper, bishop of Gloucester, respecting which it is now too late to reply. For I am aware that you have been informed long since ^, that this controversy has been en- tirely settled. And master Hooper is in such great esteem among us, that he is now appointed bishop of Worcester ^ and [3 The first session of this year was held on the first of May. For an account of its proceedings, see Burnet, ii. 299.] [4 See the next and following letters.] [5 Namely, by Hooper, whose letter to Bullinger, dated Aug. 1, 1551, is given in a subsequent part of this voliune. Peter Martyr also wrote to Bullinger upon the same subject in the April of the same year. Strype, Cranmer, 309.] [6 Hooper was appointed to the see of Worcester in October 1551, and held it in commendam with that of Gloucester, to which he had been consecrated in the preceding March.] 24 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. is at this time living in my house upon the most intimate terms, during the sitting of parhament. May the Lord Jesus guide and defend you by his holy Spirit ! Farewell. Lam- beth, March 20, 1552. Your reverence's most attached, THOMAS CANTUAR. LETTER XIV. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOHN CALVING Dated at Lambeth, March 20, 1552. Much health. As nothing tends more injuriously to the separation of the churches than heresies and disputes respect- ing the doctrines of religion, so nothing tends more effectually to unite the churches of God, and more pov^erfuUy to defend the fold of Christ, than the pure teaching of the gospel, and harmony of doctrine. Wherefore I have often wished, and still continue to do so, that learned and godly men, who are eminent for erudition and judgment, might meet together in some place of safety, where by taking counsel together, and comparing their respective opinions, they might handle all the heads of ecclesiastical doctrine, and hand down to posterity, under the weight of their authority, some work not only upon the subjects themselves, but upon the forms of ex- pressing them. Our adversaries are now holding their councils at Trent for the establishment of their errors ; and shall we neglect to call together a godly synod, for the refutation of error, and for restoring and propagating the truth ? They are, as I am informed, making decrees re- specting the worship of the host": wherefore we ought to leave no stone unturned, not only that we may guard others against this idolatry, but also that we may ourselves come to an agreement upon the doctrine of this sacrament. It cannot [1 The original of this letter is published by Jenkyns, and in the Parker Society edition of Cranmer.] [2 TT(p\ rrjs cipToXaTpeLas. The decree of the council of Trent on the Lord's Supper was passed on the 11th of October, 1551. Sleidan, do Stat. Rcl. Lib. xxiii; Jenkyns, Cranmer, i. 346.] XIV.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO JOHN CALVIN. 25 escape your prudence, how exceedingly the church of God has been injured by dissensions and varieties of opinion respectino' this sacrament of unity ; and though they are now in some measure removed, yet I could wish for an agreement in this doctrine, not only as regards the subject itself, but also with respect to the words and forms of expression. You have now my wish, about which I have also written to masters Philip [Melancthon] and BulHnger; and I pray you to deliberate among yourselves as to the means by which this synod can be assembled with the greatest convenience. Farewell. Lam- beth, March 20, 1552. You very dear brother in Christ, THOMAS CANTUAK^ LETTER XV. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PHILIP MELANCTHON ^ Dated at Lambeth, March 27, 1552. We read in the Acts of the Apostles, that when a dispute had arisen, as to whether those who from among the Gentiles had been turned to God, should be compelled to be circum- cised, and keep the law of Moses, the apostles and elders came together to consider of this matter ; and having compared their opinions, delivered the judgment of their council in a written epistle. This example I wish we ourselves could imitate, in whose churches the doctrine of the gospel has been restored and purified. But although all controversies cannot be removed in this world, (because the party which is hostile to the truth, will not assent to the judgment of the church,) it is nevertheless to be desired that the members of the true church should agree among themselves upon the chief heads of ecclesiastical doctrine. But it cannot escape your notice, how greatly rehgious dissensions, especially in the matter of the Lord's supper, have rent the churches asunder : had they [3 Calvin's reply to the above proposals will be given in the Apw pendix.] [4 The original of this letter is printed by Jenkyns, and in the Parker Society edition of Cranmer.] 26 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PHILIP MELANCTHON. [lET. been settled before, the emperor, I think, would never have made war against you. And it is truly grievous that the sacrament of unity is made by the malice of the devil food for disagreement, and (as it were) the apple of contention. I could wish therefore, that those who excel others in erudition and judgment, should be assembled together, after the example of the apostles, and declare their judgment as well respecting other subjects of dispute, as likewise especially respecting this controversy, and attest their agreement by some pubhshed document. But you will perhaps say, " And I also have often expressed the same wish ; but this matter cannot be effected without the aid of princes." I have therefore [consulted with] ^ the king's majesty, who places his kingdom of England at your disposal, and most graciously promises not only a place of security and quiet, but also his aid and assistance towards these godly endeavours. I have written likewise to masters Calvin and Bullinger, and exhorted them not to be wanting to a work so necessary, and so useful to the commonwealth of Christendom. You wrote me word in your last letter that the Areopagites of the council of Trent are making decrees respecting the worship of the host. Wherefore, since the ad- versaries of the gospel meet together with so much zeal for the establishment of error, we must not allow them to be more diligent in confirming ungodliness, than we are in pro- pagating and setting forth the doctrine of godliness. Your commendation of master George Major ^ has greatly increased that regard for him, which his merits have produced in me ; and if I can be of service to him in any way, he shall find my ability will fail sooner than my inchnation. Farewell and happily. Lambeth, March 27, 1552. Very desirous of seeing you some time, THOMAS CANTUAR. [1 One or more words are wanting in the original.] [2 George Major was a zealous disciple of Jjuther, and minister at Eisleben. He died in 1574.] XVI.] ABP. CRANMER TO THE WIDOW OF MARTIN BUCER. 27 LETTER XVI. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO THE WIDOW OF MARTIN BUCER. Dated at Lambeth, April 20, 1552. Greeting. The especial favour with which I regarded your husband during his hfetime, is by no means diminished now that he is no more. His remarkable piety indeed, and pro-- found learning, has produced not a transient but an everlasting benefit to the church ; whereby he has not only bound all godly persons, but myself more than all of them, under per- petual obligations to him. You must not therefore on any account allow yourself to be deterred from writing to me, should there be any thing in which I can be of use to you or to your affairs. For stirred up by your letters, I shall not only recal to myself, and not without satisfaction, the agree- able remembrance of a very dear friend; but will also most readily perform to you, his widow, those offices of kindness, which the word of God commands to be paid, and which shall be afforded you as occasion shall offer. With respect to what you have lately informed me, that it is necessary for the expediting of your affairs that it should be certified and attested by some formal document that the sum of a hundred marks which you received as a present from the king's majesty, when you left this country, belongs especially and exclusively to yourself, I have written a letter to the guard- ians^ of Bucer's children, whereby they may clearly ascertain what was the intention of our most serene king upon the matter in question. I send you a copy of the letter of the lords of the council to master John Hales, his majesty's treasurer, (who is now, I think, at Strasburgh,) or to his deputy in his absence, written in English, which clearly testifies that a hundred marks were presented you by his majesty, and that too, after the death of your husband, inasmuch as that letter was written on the last day of March, and your husband de- parted this life at the end of February. May God, who is [3 These were, Conrad Hubert, Quinter Andernach, and Huldric Chelius, to all of whom Cranmer addressed the following letter.] 28 ABP. CRANMER TO THE WIDOW OF MARTIN BUCER. [lET- the fountain and father of all comfort, vouchsafe to comfort you, and preserve you with all your family! Farewell. Lam- beth, April 20, 1552. Yours to the utmost of his power, THOMAS CANTUAK. LETTER XVII. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO CONRAD HUBERT, AND OTHERS. Dated at Lambeth, April 20, 1552. Greeting. As I have lately understood, from a letter written to this place by the widow ^ of master Bucer of pious memory, that for the purpose of dividing the property of her deceased husband amongst his children, a certain declaration or certificate is necessary respecting the sum of a hundred marks, presented by his majesty, as to whether it belongs to the widow or to the children ; whereby the fact may be ascertained, and all doubt entirely removed ; I affirm and attest that the said sum of a hundred marks was especially bestowed by his most serene majesty upon master Bucer 's widow, after his death, and intended for her especial use ; as is clearly manifest from the letter which the lords of the council wrote to the treasurer, a copy of which I have sent to master Bucer's widow. May God direct you by his holy Spirit, and grant you success in the labours of your calling ! Farewell. Lambeth, April 20, 1552. Yours heartily, T. CANT. [1 The name of Bucer's widow was Wibrand Bucerin. The uni- versity gave her an hundred crowns on the death of her husband ; the king an hundred marks more, besides her husband's half yearly pension, though ho died before Lady-day, when it became due. Strype, Cranmer, 358.] XVTII.] ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PETER MARTYR. 29 LETTER XVIII. ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PETER MARTYRS. Dated [from prison, 1555.] After much health in Christ our Saviour. As letters are then only necessary, when the messenger is either not sufficiently discreet, or is unacquainted with the circumstances we wish to communicate, or not thought worthy to be en- trusted with secrets ; and since by the goodness of God the bearer of this has fallen in my way, a man, as you know, of signal discretion, most faithful in all matters entrusted to him, exceedingly attached to us both, and possessing an entire acquaintance with the circumstances of our country, from whose mouth you may learn all that has taken place here ; I have not thought it needful to write to you more at length, especially as letters are wont to occasion so much danger and mischief. Yet I have not deemed it right to pass over this one thing, which I have learned by experience, namely, that God never shines forth more brightly, and pours out the beams of his mercy and consolation, or of strength and firmness of spirit, more clearly or impressively upon the minds of his people, than when they are under the most extreme pain and distress, both of mind and body, that he may then more especially shew himself to be the God of his people, when he seems to have altogether forsaken them; then raising them up when they think he is bringing them down, and laying them low ; then glorifying them, when he is thought to be confounding them; then quickening them, when he is thought to be destroying them. So that we may say with Paul, " When I am weak, then am I strong ; and if I must needs glory, I will glory in my infirmities, in prisons, in revilings, in distresses, in persecutions, in sufferings for Christ." I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end ! Nothing is at this time more distressing to me, than that no answer [2 This letter is printed for the first time by the Parker Society. It was discovered at Zurich by the Rev. Steuart A. Pears, in 1843. The Latin original is subjoined.] 30 ARCHBISHOP CRANMER TO PETER MARTYR. [lET. has as yet been given to M. A.^ to whose subtilties, and jugghng tricks, and ravings, a rej)ly would not have been wanting long since, had not books and hberty been wanting to myself. I have written to no one but you, nor do I wish any one to know that I have written to you : wherefore salute no one in my name. THOMAS CKANMER. Thomce Cranmeri Epistola ad P. Martyrem. Post plurimam in Christo Servatore nostro salutem. Quando turn demum necessarise sunt literse, quum aut non satis prudens est nimcius, aut rerum quas significare volumus ignarus, aut non fidus cui arcana credas ; quumque mihi Dei benignitate sese obtulisset hie tabellarius, y\r et prudentia (ut nosti) insigni, et qui rebus in cre- dendis fidissimus sit, et nostrum utriusque amantissimus, et rerum nostratium scientissimus, e cujus ore quae hie acta fuerint intelligas omnia; non necessarium existimavi ut prolixius ad te scriberem, pra^sertim quum scriptm-^e tot pericula damnaque afferre soleant. Illud tamcn unum prsetermittendum non censui, quod expertus didici, nunquam Deum splendidius illucescere, et clementise suse, consola- tionis, aut roboris ac fortitudinis animi radios suorum mentibus clarius aut pressius infundere, quam in summis animi corporisque angoribus atque pressuris ; ut tum vel maxime sese declaret suoi-um esse Deum, quum illos deseruisse prorsus videtur; tum erigere quum dejicere at0, 1540. Praise to God! Health, and the peace of God which passeth all understanding I Your letter, my master, beloved CXVI.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 253 in the Lord, dated on the first of this month, I have to-day received from yom^ friend Lewis, who kept it for me until my return from Frankfort. I cannot altogether acquit my- self either of ingratitude or indolence, for not having as yet rephed to your letter of February the sixth. For that letter of yours was not, as you write with your accustomed kind- ness to plead my excuse, of such a nature as to require no answer ; for I must confess that it was so full of godly and pious admonitions, and so necessary to me who am employed in so dangerous a calhng (if indeed trade can be so called, as the world now conducts it), that if there were nothing else that might seem to require an answer, I ought at least to have returned you long since, on account of that letter, the thanks due to your kindness and christian love. But O unhappy me 1 who am so overwhelmed with worldly business, ^s thus to neglect my duty to my father, and spiritual and godly physician. I therefore entreat you, my master, ho- noured in the Lord, that you will deign to persevere in praying for me (as I collect from all your later letters that you do) to the Lord Jesus Christ, that the thorns of riches may not so pierce me, as to call away my attention from the study of godliness, and meditation upon heavenly things: our life is indeed, as you say, short upon earth, and we die daily. These things I have always before my eyes, whether at leisure or engaged in business, eating and drinking, yea, even in my dreams when I am asleep. May the great and good God grant (and I hope he will grant it the sooner for your prayers), that I may not bear these things in mind, or in a manner desire death, because it is said to put an end to the cares and anxieties of this life, (by which we are continually .harassed in heaping up and preserving riches,) rather than because I desire with the apostle to be dissolved and to be with Christ. Thus in me the tiesh oftentimes seeketh its own, and not only the glory and life of Christ. But I have not now leisure to write to you upon this subject as fully as I could wish. You will obtain information, as to the state of England, from the bearer of this letter, more fully and conveniently than I can write it. Meanwhile, however, I would have you to know, that while those are alive who now hold the reins of government and authority, it is not probable that the 254 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. gospel will be purely and seriously received tliere. For the king, the leading men, and almost all the bishops of that nation, are altogether intent upon war. They desire to retain the good-will of the emperor by every means in their power, and regard the simplicity of the protestants for the most part as idle folly, and court their friendship (provided only they may not be compelled to admit rehgion in the first place,) not, as I think, because they love them, but that they may have them partakers in the wars, and in the hatred with which they are regarded by the French. As for an alliance with them, I believe they revolt from it on account of the free confession that they make of the truth. But God, who knows all things, knows whether I am deceived in this opinion, or not. I wish I may be. Moreover, the bishop of Win- chester^ has very lately repubhshed a book against Bucer, altogether full of bitterness and invective, in which he pro-* fesses his contempt of him on every account, attacks his learning, and considers yours as the most impious of all. What kind of a book this is, the bearer of this letter can inform you at length ; for he has read it through at my house. Nothing else, but what you write, is to be expected from those unclean birds now assembled at Trent. May God there- fore grant, according to your prayer thereupon, that the antichrist, who is noAV wounded by the sword of the Spirit of the wrath of God, may be entirely destroyed by the coming of our Lord ! Amen. Meanwhile, I pray you, do not cease to admonish me as you are wont, as frequently as your necessary engagements will admit, and (as you think me to deserve it) to reprove and rebuke me, that by the grace of God I may continue sound in the faith even to the end, and have my confidence stedfast in that glorious and awful advent. I have not as yet advanced any money for our brother Lewis, but am at all times ready to obey your wishes or those of his father in this matter. Your attached friend, master Hoper, is now in England, but will shortly return to us, God willing, and afterwards to you. Let us pray our [1 Bishop Gardiner wrote two letters in condemnation of a work of Bucer against the celibacy of the clergy. See Strype, Mem. ii. i. 103.] CXVI.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 255 God to bring him back with success ; for he desires, and in- deed it is the only object ^ of his present absence from us, to procure, if he can, some money, with which he may be able always to reside either here, or with you, in holiness and with a good conscience, far from the impurity of Babylon. My wife prays for all happiness to your wife, and tells mo that she has sent, by master Froschover, I know not what trifle for her acceptance. We both of us thank you as much for the cheese about which you wrote, as if you had really sent it us. Salute, I pray you, masters Bibliander, Pellican, Gualter, and all the rest of you who are very dear to me in the Lord. And I regret, had not God so willed it, that I can no longer send any introductions or recommendations to master Erasmus; for Froschover tells me that he is dead. Farewell in Christ, our only hope, and live always most happy in him ! Amen. Yours, R. HILLES. LETTER CXVai. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Jan. 26, 1547. Praise to God! Health and perseverance in the Lord Jesus Christ, our hope ! I now at last reply to your letters dated Oct. 28th and Dec. 4th. And first of all, I owe you infinite thanks, my most esteemed master, for your conde- scension in presenting me with your Commentaries upon Luke, as you had before presented me with those upon the other evangehsts and apostles. I pray almighty God that I may be able continually to meditate upon them, and, as you ex- hort me, to devote the best part of my life uninterruptedly to the study of godliness and to good works. And I en- treat you to pray the Lord for me, that I may do this, and cleave to the Lord, even to the end. [2 See above, p. 34.] 256 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. I told our brother Lavater what you commanded, or at least wished ; and I doubt not but that he will always well employ his time here, and be diligent in learning ; and my constant exhortation shall not be wanting to that effect. I fear, lest, as you write, the time be at hand, when the Lord will visit our iniquities by a cruel war, and will give us over into the hands of our enemies for correction and punishment. For I hear (though I hope it is not the case) that master de Buircn is now attempting to set up the mass at Frankfort in some of the churches, though in the mean time he permits those who wish to hear the gospel and follow the truth, to do so without hinderance. There has lately been, as I think John Burcher wrote you word, some change in England, and there will doubtless be one yet greater. For England has now had for some years only one^ duke, namely, of Norfolk, whom, together with his son, the king committed to prison, for having, as they say, when he was in a declininot state, endeavoured to restore the pope's supremacy ; and I have lately heard (but I have not yet received a letter from that quarter), that both father and son have been beheaded, and that that spirit of godliness or rather of popery, the bishop of Winchester, has succeeded into their place, I mean the Tower of London. God grant that all these things may be subservient to the glory of his name and the propagation of evangehcal doctrine, as many of our friends think it will be ! And this may be the case, after God shall have visited the sins of this kingdom. For the new queen and the carl of Hertford, who is the uncle of the prince, the king's son, are well disposed to pious doctrine, and abominate the fond inventions of the papists. Salute Bibliander, PelHcan, Gualter, and the rest who are known to me there, and especially your most pious wife, to whom also my wife desires to be commended. Farewell, and live always happy ! Yours, RICHARD HILLES. [1 This letter was written Jan. 26, 1547. Shortly after the acces- sion of king Edward VI. the earl of Hertford was created duke of Somerset.] CXVIII.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 257 LETTER CXVIII. RICHARD IIILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated [at Strasburgh], Feb. 25, 1547. I HAVE no later news to tell you of, than that it is certain that our king in England died on the twenty-eighth of January-; and that on the following Monday his only son was publicly proclaimed^ king, according to custom, throughout the country ; and on last Sunday he was publicly crowned^ ; which they write me word from England is all true. The young king aforesaid is called Edward, the sixth of this name. About one or two weeks before the death of the afore- mentioned king Henry, he commanded, as some say, by his will, that the duke, who in this country is called the duke of Norfolk, together with his only son, who in England is called the earl of Surrey, should both of them be beheaded \ The 2:overnment of Eno^land, accordino; to the kino-'s will, which is also confirmed by the parliament or diet, is placed in the hands of sixteen persons, eight of whom, it is said, are bishops'"', until the young king be grown up". The most [2 Hem-y VIII., departed at Westminster on Friday, Jan. 28, about two of the clock in the morning. Strype, Mem. ii. i. 18.] [3 For the ceremonies and circumstances that attended the pro- claiming of the king, see Strype, Mem. n. i. 19.] {} King Edward was crowned by archbishop Cranmer on Feb. 20th, being Shrove Sunday. For an account of the form and solemnity attending it, see Strype, Cranmer, 202.] [5 The earl of Sun-ey was arraigned at Guildhall on Jan. 13, on a charge of having quartered on his shield the arms of Edward the confessor ; and perished on the scaffold six days after. The duke of Norfolk was attainted and condemned ; but his execution was pre- vented by the death of the king. He remained, however, a prisoner in the Tower till the accession of queen Maiy. See Burnet, i. 554, &c.] [6 Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, and Tonstal, bishop of Durham, were the only prelates nominated in the king's will. A list of his executors is given in Burnet, ii. 5; and Sti7pe, Mem. ii. i. 19.] [7 Namely, till he should arrive at eighteen years of a2:e.] r ' 1 17 [ZURICH LETTERS, III.] '258 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. distinguished of them, however, is not a bishop, but the king's uncle, or his mother's brother. He is also appointed lord protector or governor of the king his nephew, and of the whole realm. This said guardian of the king is called the earl of Hertford : he is not very favourable to the priests ^ and a great enemy to the pope of Rome. Now if I thought that you did not know it already, I would also tell you the news that was sent me on the fifteenth of this month from Erfurt ; namely, that the elector of Saxony, after having laid siege to Leipsic^ for three weeks, with an army of thirty thousand men, composed both of cavalry and infantry, was unable to take the town, al- though he had bombarded it very severely, and had done much damage to the houses. He was forced to retreat with his army, and is now five miles from Leipsic ; at about four miles from which duke Maurice is encamped with his troops, with king Ferdinand and the Margrave of Colbach. But on the duke of Saxony's side are the king of Denmark, and the Saxon towns, Bremen, Hamburgh, Brunswick, with some others, so that both parties are considered equally strong ; and if they do not shortly make peace, (as some hope they will,) a battle must ensue. I have likewise re- ceived intelligence from Erfurt, that the kings of England and France sent ambassadors to Hamburgh, who have been there together ever since Christmas, with the elector of Saxony, and the diet of the Saxon towns above-mentioned. The king of Denmark has also been with them ; but what they have done or determined amongst themselves, time will shew. May Almighty God sometime bless us with a long and lasting peace ! Your servant to command, BICHARD HILLES. [1 The nation being then divided between those who loved the old superstition, and those who desired a more complete reformation, the protector set himself at the head of the one, and the lord chancellor at the head of the other party. Bm'net, ii. 7.] [2 This siege began on January 13th, and was raised about the end of the month. Nevertheless the town was miserably shattered and defaced by the batteries of great guns that continually played upon it. Sleidan, B, xviii.] CXVIII.] RICHARD IlILLES TO HENRY BULIJNGER. 259 P.S. Health in the Lord Jesus, our Saviour and hope ! I would have informed you, my revered master, of the most certain intelhgence which I have lately received from England, by an express letter from myself, unless, as is frequently the case, I had been so much engaged upon other business. Meanwhile, however, that you may not be without any in- formation from me, though upon matters which I think you must have heard from others some days since, I forward to your reverence this copy of a letter which I lately sent from Strasburgh^ to a fellow-countryman of mine now resident at Basle. Commend me most affectionately to all your brother colleagues in the Lord, and to your godly wife, and also to the wife of John Burcher^; and tell her that I have lately re- ceived a letter from Cologne, by which I learn that he arrived there safe with all his wares, with which he happily set sail for Dort in Holland about ten days since. Fare- well in the Lord. Dated February 25, 1547, by yours, R. H. LETTER CXIX. RICHARD HH.LES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, May 19, 1547. Praise to God ! Health and peace in the Lord Jesus our Saviour ! I would have you know, my most honoured master, that I have received your most acceptable letter, dated two months since; and I owe infinite obligations to your piety for thus keeping me in your remembrance, and so constantly exhorting me to an innocent and upright con- duct, and the continual study of the holy scriptures. But as I [3 The original of the preceding letter is written in German, the postscript alone is in Latin.] [4 John Burcher was at this time a partner with Hilles as a cloth merchant.] 17—2 260 RICHARD IlILLES TO HENRY BULLING ER. [lET. do not perceive any thing in this your letter which of necessity requires an answer, except that I ought to return you my thanks for that German book which I received together with it, and also for your having condescended to write to me concerning what the French king's ambassador required of your townsmen, I have till now deferred my reply. And I pray you not to be displeased at this ; for I have scarce leisure to reply forthwith to the letters of all my corre- spondents without great inconvenience to myself. They state here as a certain fact, that the duke elector of •Saxony has been taken prisoner^ by the emperor's troops; and the various statements of those who bring this news, are so consistent, that it seems highly probable, and is univer- sally believed to be the case. I have lately, however, re- ceived intelligence from Cologne, (but I do not altogether believe it,) that this news was circulated in all quarters by a courier from Hesse, and in Hesse itself; but that the land- grave had discovered that the report was false respecting the capture of the duke, and had in consequence severely punished at Marpurg, as he deserved, the messenger who first spread the report, and who declared himself to have been present at the battle, when the elector was taken pri- soner. But in the same letter it was stated that a letter had been written from Erfurt, on the first of May, to an in- habitant of Cologne, by name John Pelmke zum Rynberch, to the following effect : "As to our own affairs, very dear friend, I have to inform you that the emperor's troops made an unexpected attack, as it were by forced marches, upon the army of the duke of Saxony, on the 24th of April ; and that there fell on the duke's side two thousand infantry, and one hundred and fifty cavalry ; and that the son of the elector was severely wounded, but escaped with his life. It was also generally reported at that time that the duke himself was slain ; but he was found upon the ground unhurt ^ to the great joy of the whole army. [1 This took place April 24, 1547, at the battle of Muhlberg, for an account of which see Sleidan, B. xviii, and Robertson, Charles V., B. ix.] [2 This was not the case. Having received a wound in his left cheek, he was taken, and brought to the duke of Alva first, and then to the emperor. Sleidan.] CXIX.J RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 261 Moreover, it is stated that on the 25th of April a certain gentleman, named William Thunsern, fell upon the forces of the emperor with some thousand men from Bohemia, and took from them fifteen pieces of artillery, together with some wagons laden with silver, which had before been taken from the troops of the duke of Saxony ; and that on the emperor's side there fell five thousand men; so that he himself was forced to retire towards Egra," &c. But I look upon all these things as fabulous. I have no news from England, except what I wrote to John Burcher about a month since. Farewell, and commend us to all your godly colleagues, and also to your faithful wife. Yours, RICHARD HILLES. LETTER CXX. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, June 18, 1548. Praise to God ! Much health. You must know, my verv dear friend and master, that I have at last received a third letter from you since my return from my native land; one too, which, besides many other things contained in it, abounds in holy exhortations to patience and perseverance, and every kind of virtue. I return you for it my warmest thanks, and pray our good and gracious God to enable me to practise what you have so properly recommended. In the first of the letters above-mentioned, you speak much of Josiah Simler, for whom at his baptism you under- took the office of sponsor. I will most readily do for him, for your sake, what you request. But I do not think it will answer to me to advance him in future any money, which is to be repaid yonder, after our friend John Burcher has left 262 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. you ; nor will there then remain any hope of procuring the bows. If, however, you will receive from his father those fifteen florins which I was to send you for this year, for the purposes you know of, I will hand them over to his son here, and am ready to pay them whenever he thinks fit. Should, however, the young man be in want of money, I will supply him, upon the condition that it shall be remitted hither from you by a trustworthy person. In your second letter you desire to know the circumstances of the most learned John a Lasco. All that I know about his condition I have learned from a citizen of this place, to whom he wrote last autumn. For he was then at Embden in Friesland, and in good health ; but very much grieved and dejected on account of the present state of Germany. And now to come to your third and last letter. The book which you have sent to the archbishop of Canterbury, I will undertake, shall ere long be safely dehvered ; but this can hardly be done before our fair in July, except by means of a courier on purpose, which would be very expensive : for I must give five kreutzers for every half-ounce, as far as Antwerp, in addition to the carriage from thence to the arch- bishop. If it had been brought but an hour sooner, I could have sent it by a native of Antwerp, who was then at my house. It is most certain, God willing, that I intend to return to England with my wife and children at the next Frankfort autumn fair. I thank you for your friendly prayers, that God may prosper our journey. You desire, moreover, to know by what means, and through what persons you may be able to write to my countrymen during my absence. Our common friend, John Burcher, will most readily forward my letters. For we have agreed to carry on our business in partnership for two or three years, or even longer, should it seem ex- pedient ; and on this account he has purchased a convenient residence in this town, which he will begin to occupy as soon as he shall have returned from the next Frankfort fair. You may also most readily obtain information respecting the aifairs of England through master John Hoper^ as long [1 It appears by Letter XXV, that Hoper was now resident at Zurich.] CXX.] RICHARD IIILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 263 as he shall remain with you. To whom, and to his pious wife, I pray you commend me ; as also to that most learned man, master Theodore, master Pelhcan, doctor Gesner, and the pious widow of Megander, together with your wife. My wife heartily salutes all the above-named, but especially your- self and your wife. The last news I have received from England is to this effect ; namely, that some persons had presumed to marry a second wife while the first was living, but divorced, and even to have two wives at once. This liberty has been prohibited, as it ought to be, by a pubhc proclamation ^ of the king and council. The chancellor too, as they call him, of the kingdom, in a speech delivered in the king's name before the judges^ of the whole realm, warned them to take serious cognizance of the like offenders. There are also papists who, by their false rumours, endeavour to excite the people against the king and nobles of the realm. Their lies are to the effect that the king is intending to oppress the people by a new and unheard of kind of tax ; namely, that when any person marries, he must pay half a crown to the king ; and so in hke manner for baptizing an infant, or burying the dead ; with various lying surmises of the same kind^. Against these also he [the chancellor] inveighed most severely, warning the judges to put a stop to these falsehoods as soon as possible, and to punish the authors of these wicked errors. I received this speech, together with the proclamation, about the end of May, and sent it long since to my friend [2 This proclamation was dated April 24. The king charged all archbishops and bishops, and others that had spiritual jurisdiction, to proceed against such as had or should hereafter have two wives, or any that should put away his wife and marry another ; and to punish such offenders according to the ecclesiastical laws, that others might be afraid to fall into such insolent and unlaAvful acts. Strype, Memor. II. i. 142.] [3 The judges and justices of the peace were required by procla- mation, dated at Westminster, April 30, to appear before the king's council in the star-chamber, where the lord chancellor Eich gave them a charge. See Strype, Memor. ii. i. 143.] [4 See Strype, Mem. ii. i. 141, who says that "hereby many were seduced and brought into such disorder of late, and in some parts in a manner to insurrection and rebellion."] 264 KICHARD H1LLE8 TO HEXllY BULLINGER. [lET. John Butler, that when he had read them both he might send them to master John Iloper, who might interpret them to you in Latin, as they are printed in Enghsh. Before seaUng this letter, I have heard from England that the bishop of Winchester, doctor Edmund Redman \ and another, named Robinson, have been summoned to London by the king's council, I know not for what reason. All the women and children are sent away from Boulogne; for there is some apprehension that the French are about to attack it. The lord Cobham^, however, the king of England's deputy at Calais, has written to me within this month, that he does not think it at all probable that the French will feel disposed to contend with us this present year. Besides, our people have a great deal of work upon their hands in Scotland. They have lately taken there a certain town named Haddington^, distant only about twelve English miles from Edinburgh, and the English are daily fortifying it, as also very many other fortresses in Scotland. I commend you, your wife and children, to our only Saviour and Redeemer. Farewell, and long live happily in the Lord ! Amen. Yours from my heart, RICHARD HILLES. [1 Dr John Redman is probably intended ; for an account of whom sec above, note 1, p. 150. He was concerned in drawing up the first Liturgy of king Edward, as was Thomas Robertson or Robinson, archdeacon of Leicester, also mentioned in the text, and who, as well as Dr Redman, was supposed to be favourably inclined to popery.] [2 George Brook, lord Cobham, was summoned to parliament in 1529, and died in 1558.] [3 Haddington was surprised by the English under William lord Grey of Wilton, in April 1548.] CXXI.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 265 LETTER CXXI. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, June 4, 1549. Praise to God ! Much health in the Lord ! You arc surprised, as you write me word in your last letter, dated March 24th, that I have been able to refrain from writing to you since the day I left Germany, and especially since you have now written me a second letter. But you will receive, you tell me, whatever excuse I may patch up for the discon- tinuance of our correspondence ; if I do not write, that no excuse, however ingenious, will avail with you, &c. I reply, my master and most honoured friend, that I have not written to you all this time, because I have scarcely had leisure, since my return, to arrange and write about such affairs as I was necessarily obliged to complete. For Germany did not very well agree with me, as the air was unfavourable, nay, even most inimical to my constitution, and the mode of living and wine of that country, and especially the stoves in winter, suited me but little better ; so that now, since my return to England, especially from the month of February, my strength seems to be so exhausted, as that I have hardly any energy left me. Wherefore, unless God should restore my health, of which there is no sign, 1 shall from henceforth write to you much less frequently than I have done these two years, and principally, because I am not in the habit of writing Latin (which is a most troublesome business to me) to any but yourself. And I hope you will not take it ill, because you may as readily be informed respecting the state of the realm of England, the war in Scotland, and my own affairs, through masters John Butler and John Burcher, as by letters from myself. In the mean time I admire your truly pious admonitions, and will diligently attend to what you so abun- dantly bring forward in your letter from holy scripture, as well the examples of the godly, as the threatenings of the Lord against the impious despisers of the divine word ; and I will daily implore the great and good God in my prayers, not to lead me into temptation on account of my grievous past sins, but to deliver me from all evil. 26G RICHARD niLLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. I return you many thanks for the two decades of your sormons, which I beheve master John Hoper will here present me with in vour name. I much wish to send you some good thino- from hence in return ; but theological books are rarely printed in this country except in our vulgar tongue. When I find any book of this kind w^orthy of perusal, I will send it to one of my countrymen in Germany for master John Butler, that he may interpret to you the substance of the work iu; Latin. I have saluted in your name master Bartholomew Traheron ; besides which you desired me moreover to exhort him to be faithful to the Lord, and to continue constant in the truth. And he most certainly does so ; for he is a truly pious man, and one who fears God. He endeavoured as far as. he could, (for he was one of the burgesses in the last parlia- ment,) that there should be no ambiguity in the reformation of the Lord's supper ; but it was not in his power to bring over his old fellow-citizens to his views. Therefore, as master John Butler will more fully inform your reverence from my letter, we have an uniform celebration of the Eucharist throughout the whole kingdom, but after the manner of the Nuremberg, churches and some of those in Saxony ; for they do not yet feel inclined to adopt your rites respecting the administration of the sacraments. Nor do I doubt but that master M. B. [Martin Bucer] and the other learned men from Germany and Italy, (who are here with the most reverend the arch- bishop of Canterbury, and are lecturing in the universities of this country,) teach, nay, exhort and persuade that there is no occasion for it, and perhaps even, that it is not becoming. Thus our bishops and governors seem, for the present at least, to be acting rightly ; wdiile, for the preservation of the public peace, they afford no cause of offence to the Lutherans, pay attention to your very learned German divines, submit their judgment to them, and also retain some popish ceremonies. I can make no answer to your letter written Nov. 9, 1548, because you therein desire me to let you know, if possible, how the archbishop of Canterbury received your letter and your book. For I have no such familiarity or intercourse with him, or with persons of his rank and authority, as to be acquainted with such matters ; and I therefore pray you not to take it ill that I have not, during this whole year, given you any information on the subject. Be kind enough to CXXl] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 267 salute in my name all your fellow-ministers, and especially your wife and all your family. My wife also salutes you much, as likewise your most chaste partner. May the Lord Jesus preserve you for ever ! Amen. Yours, RICHARD HILLES. LETTER CXXn. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Londox, I\^ov. 17, 1549. Praise to God ! IMuch health in the Lord ! It is only two days, my honoured master, since I received your most courteous letter, dated August 31, together w^ith a packet of letters for master John Hoper and certain other brethren and friends of yours, which I immediately delivered to those to whom they were directed by you. To write a few words respecting my own letter, I owe in the first place many thanks to your kindness in continuing to exhort me to the duties of religion, and to caution me against the too great cares of this world. And I must confess, that we ought to admo- nish each other in turn by mutual letters and discourses of this kind. I hear with pleasure of the agreement between you and master John Calvin respecting the sacrament ^ and doubt not but that master Hoper will shortly allow me to read it. I will deliver your salutations to master Bartholo- mew Traheron and master Bernardino with much pleasure at the earhest opportunity, and will pray them, as you desire, in your name, that although you had not at this time leisure for writing to them, they will not, on that account, omit their office of writing to you. I gave your very kind salutation to my wife, who salutes your piety in return, and most cordially desires your advancement in sacred learning, to the glory of God and the edification of the church. She has been afflicted with severe illness ever since the month of August, so that for a long time wo all of us despaired of her life. But the Lord liveth, who bringeth down and raiseth up ; and he has [1 See above, p. 121, note 2.] 268 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BOLLINGER. [lET. now afforded her a little respite, so that we have begun to cherish some hopes of her, that she will shortly be better, and at length be restored to health. To this end I pray you, and all your fellow-ministers and brethren yonder, earnestly to entreat the Lord. She was lirst afflicted for a long time by a suffocatio matricis, and then by fainting fits, which lasted occasionally for a whole week ; and lastly, she is severely suffering with a quartan fever up to this very day. You will, I know, be informed as to the existing state of our kingdom by the letter of our very dear brother, John Burcher. On the whole, we are hoping that Christ may yet remain with us, though but a month since it seemed to many that he was inclined to depart from us, even beyond sea. But the strength of the Lord is perfected in weakness. Salute Pellican, Bibliander, and your other friends with whom I am acquainted, and especially master Butler together with his wife, and your most pious partner. And give, if you please, to master Butler the printed paper inclosed in this letter, that he may read it, and interpret it to you. Fare- well. May the Lord Jesus long preserve you to us ! Amen. Yours, KICnARD HILLES. LETTER CXXIIL RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, June 25, 1550. Praise to God ! Much health ! This day, my very dear master, I have delivered some letters of yours addressed to master John Hoper ; and I doubt not but that, if there is occasion, he will shortly reply to them. I have received the letter which was inclosed in one of John Burcher's, addressed to me in this present month ; for I have for a long time occasionally received most of your other letters through Burcher, and have taken care that they should be delivered, as soon as I conveniently could, to the persons to whom they were addressed : and you will always find me most ready to do the like, whenever occasion shall require. CXXIII.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 2G9 In the month of May last I received your letter, dated March 13th, together with a copy of the third decade, which you therein mention ; and I feel exceedingly obliged to your piety for having thought fit thus to bear me in your remem- brance. I have not yet read the book itself; but the subjects "which you therein promise to treat of, please me very much, and I am especially anxious to read what you have written respecting trade. As I know you rejoice in the prosperity of England, I can assure you, that never before in our time has there been such hope of the advancement of the pure doctrine of the gospel, and of the complete subversion and rooting up of antichristian ceremonies and traditions ; so that we are daily expecting some Balaams to preach the truth, and bless the people of God. And it is reported that the bishop of Winchester will shortly be discharged from the Tower of London, where he has been detained for his obsti- nacy these two or three years, and will publicly assert the pure doctrine of Christ ; with what mind, God knows, pro- bably an unwilling one. But, however this may be, we are all of us, who favour the gospel, rejoicing in the mean time, that Christ Jesus will be plainly preached. But of these matters I have lately written more at length to master John Butler, whom I entreat you to salute in my name, together with his pious wife. As to what relates to your letters to others, or those of others to you, I will most willingly perform what you desire ; and I have long since carefully cautioned the aforenamed Burcher respecting them. And I doubt not but that he will wilhngly do as you desire, provided only that he can receive at Strasburgh the money which he will have to pay for the postage of such letters. My wife, who by the blessing of God is now recovered from a most severe illness, desires heartily to be commended to you and your most pious wife, and likewise to her, who was formerly the wife of master Megander, and to her other acquaintance yonder. I doubt not but that the Lord, our heavenly Father, hath heard the pious prayers of yourself and others on her behalf ; for she was all but expiring on two or three alternate nights in the month of December last, when you wrote to me and others at this place. You write, that you are deprived of some pleasure, so long 270 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. as I do not write to you, and that you are delighted with my letters. Wherefore I now at last answer your letter, thouo'h I do not perceive any grounds from whence you could derive such gratification, excepting only that I occa- sionally write in haste concerning the hope which all godly persons entertain in this country respecting the advancement of the kingdom of God and of Christ. The reason of your letters having been sometimes so de- layed in their delivery, and loitering so long on the road, is, that John Burcher hands them over, as occasion offers, to the seamen at Strasburgh, and also to the wagoners and carriers who convey merchandise by the Rhine to Antwerp. And this he especially does, when the packets of letters are of any great size ; otherwise he would be obhged to pay for every ounce weight ten kreutzers to Spires, and not much less to Antwerp and London, if they were sent thither by the post. For at Antwerp the post receives for the conveyance of a sheet of paper to London two stivers of Brabant, besides as much at London; that is, four stivers for a single sheet of paper. But when we give our letters in charge to the mer- chants, we make them no payment whatever, either at the one place or the other. Masters Bernardine and Bartholomew Traheron salute you very much in return. And I pray you, my master, to commend me to all yonder who wish me well, namely, to masters Gualter, Bibhander, Pellican, Zuinglius, Lewis Lava- ter, and the rest. In what state are the affairs of master Hoper, who two months since was nominated by [the king's majesty to the bishoprick of Gloucester, you will doubtless learn from his own letters. He perseveres, by the grace of God, to be a most constant asserter of the gospel ; and he preaches every where with the greatest freedom agreeably to your orthodox doctrine in the matter of the eucharist. He exhorts, yea, he persuades all. For our people, as many as sincerely love the truth, have been always inclined to that opinion respecting the eucharist. Your most amiable wife, I pray you, salute for me, in the Lord Jesus, whom I pray evermore to lead us in the way of truth ! Amen ! Farewell. Yours from my heart, R. H. Anglus. CXXIV.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 271 LETTER CXXIV RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Londox, March 22, 15oL Praise to God ! Much health ! I have received to-daj, my most honoured master, together with your letter dated the twenty-fourth of last February, one from you to the wife of master John Hoper, to whom I forthwith delivered the same. As you so much desire me, in the letter aforesaid, to write you a full statement of his, namely, master John Hoper 's condition, I reply, that I have nothing to make known to your piety respecting his troubles, beyond what I wrote on the first of last February to our common friend, master John Butler, and which I have no doubt but that he has before now made you acquainted with. But now, thanks to God! this same master Hoper is discharged from custody, and restored to his former condition. Previously, however, he yielded up his opinion and judgment upon certain points which are here regarded by us as matters of indifference. And this Lent, habited in the scarlet episcopal gown i, after he had been initiated or consecrated after the manner of our bishops, he preached before the king's majesty ; many of the [bystanders] either approving or condemning his dress, just as they were guided by their feelings. Master Hoper is now gone to Gloucester, which is the seat of his bishoprick ; but, as I hear, he will shortly return. I grieve that the Germans have, in great part, gone over to the council of Trent. But I think our countrymen, by the grace of God, are so firm and rooted in the truth, and especially in those articles which make against the primacy of the bishop of [1 " His upper garment Avas a long scarlet chiraere clown to the foot, and under that a white linen rochet that covered all his shoulders. Upon his head he had a geometrical, that is, a four-squared cap, albeit that his head was round. What cause of shame the strangeness hereof was that day to that good preacher, every man may easily judge." Foxe, Acts and Mon. vi. 641.] 272 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BUMJNGER. [lET. Rome, that they will never, at least in our time, give in their adhesion to this same Tridentine council. In your letter to me of the twentieth of August you re- late good news from Italy, that she is beginning to receive the gospel. May God increase in those who Uve there faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and may he perfect unto the day of Christ the good work that he has begun in some of them ! Amen. I have to thank you very much for your present of the decades of your sermons. I cannot easily recompense this kindness. But I will certainly requite you in some measure, when opportunity shall offer, both for those three or four decades, as also for the many other books which you have long since presented me with. Salute, I pray you, in my name, your most excellent wife, together with my other friends yonder. My wife salutes you, and all yours, especially your wife. Fare well in the Lord our Saviour Jesus Christ I Yours, R. H. LETTER CXXV. RICHARD HILLES TO HExVRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, July 9, 1553. Praise to God ! Much health ! Yesterday, my faithful and very dear friend, the lord mayor ^ with some of the aldermen and merchants, citizens of London, were summoned to the king's palace at Greenwich, on the banks of the river Thames, and about a German mile from the city. When they arrived there, in the presence of the king's most honourable [1 " The 8th of July the lord mayor of London was sent for to the court then at Greenwich, to bring with him six aldermen, as many merchants of the staple, and as many merchants adventm-ers, unto whom by the council was secretly disclosed the death of K. Edward, and also how he had ordained for the succession of the crown by his letters patent, to the which they were sworn, and charged to keep it secret." Stowe's Annals, p. 1058. King Edward died on the 6th of July.] CXXV.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 273 councillors, the lord treasurer, the president of the same council, addressed them to this effect, namely, that our very pious and holy king Edward VI. (who has now departed from this world and valley of tears, and, his earthly tabernacle being dissolved, is now, I doubt not, in the enjoyment of his eternal mansion in heaven,) bearing in mind that, mighty sovereign as he was, he was nevertheless subject to death, and the rather, because he had lately been weak and in bacUicalth ; studying too, not a little, that this English nation might be ruled and governed after his departure in tranquillity and peace; and considering that both his sisters (of whom the elder, Mary, is ill-disposed to the pure doctrine of the gospel) have been, by certain statutes enacted by authority of par- hament in the reign of his father, declared illegitimate, as born of an unlawful marriage ; earnestly required his honour- able councillors to agree among themselves, in case the Lord should take his majesty from them, to admit, and account for his lawful heir and successor, the son of the lady Frances, now duchess of Suffolk, (provided she have a son during the king's life-time,) who is the daughter of the lady Mary, the aunt of his majesty, and formerly queen of France ; and after- wards the lady Jane, a truly learned and pious lady, who has this very year married the lord Guilford, youngest son of the duke of Northumberland, provided the said lady Francos have no lawful male issue during the life-time of king Edward. He stated, moreover, that all the king's honourable councillors, together with nearly all the chief nobility of the realm, had faithfully promised and bound themselves by oath and manual subscription to a writing to the same effect, that they would accomphsh and perfect this arrangement, conceived by the king's majesty during his illness. AVherefore they desired the lord mayor and aldermen of London to be in like manner conformable, and to sign this document, which they readily did. So that, though Almighty God, in punishment of our heinous sins, has taken away from us the most holy prince Edward our sovereign, concerning whom all persons who have ever known his majesty state, that they never saw a more excellent or more godly mind in any mortal body ; yet we are not altogether without his mercy, since he has now ordained such a successor to so pious a king, under whom we have great hopes (for, praised be the Lord, we do not sec any [ZURICH LETTERS, III. J 274 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. thing to prevent it) that we, her subjects, shall nevertheless be able to live a godly, quiet, and tranquil life, in all peace, virtue, and righteousness ; and that the pure word of God will always be sincerely preached in this realm, and the true doctrine of the gospel maintained to the great comfort of all believers who dwell here, which may the Lord Almighty grant ! Amen. When I had written thus far, my honoured friend in the Lord, the 10th of July arrives, when it is publicly proclaimed here, in the name of the aforesaid lady Jane, now queen of England, that the aforesaid king Edward is dead, that the lady Frances aforesaid, the queen's mother, had no son, and therefore, as I understand, that the government of this realm has devolved upon this queen Jane, to which event may our good and gracious God grant his blessing ! Amen. I thank you very much for the little book you presented me with, and which I received together with your letter dated March the 10th, and I pray our good and gracious God, that, as you pray for me in that letter, I may stedfastly persevere in faith and charity, and all good works, the unjust gains and sinful pleasures of this world being trodden under foot. And if I can be of any service to you in forwarding your letters to your friends, I will faithfully and willingly use my best exertions to that effect. You kindly consider it a great service, as I understand from what you have written, that I have caused your letters to be delivered to the parties to whom they were addressed. But I do not consider myself as having any claims upon your acknowledgements for any ser- vice that I can render you, much less for one so trifling. ^ly wife heartily salutes you and your wife, and wishes every happiness to you and to all your children. Salute affec- tionately in my name master Pellican, and your son-in-law Lewis Lavater ; and especially master Theodore Bibliander, and be pleased to tell him that I have delivered his two little books to master Cheke and master Hooper, as in his letter written in March he desired me to do. And I return him my best thanks for having deigned to oblige me by such a present. Salute too, I pray you, my very dear brother in Christ, master Butler, and let him know that I received in the month of June his letter dated May 18th, but have not now time to write an answer; nor indeed is there much occasion for me to CXXV.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 275 do so, because I wrote very fully respecting all that required an answer, in my former letter. Farewell and happily I Yours wholly, RICHARD HILLES. LETTER CXXVI. JOHN AYLMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at [Bradgate'], May 29, [\bb\]. Since we are accustomed, most accomplished sir, to regard any favours conferred upon our friends as extending also to ourselves, I must consider myself on many accounts exceed- ingly indebted to your kindness; and first of all, for your having so studiously and diligently exerted yourself to instruct the family of our most noble marquis'^ by your very learned works, and by your excellent advice to retain them in the true religion. For, beheve me, the letters of that holy man Bucer, whom when alive we reverenced as a father, and the remembrance of whom, now that he is no more, we most con- stantly retain as of a messenger of God ; and also your own letters, which you sent to my most noble patron, were of great use both to confirm his stedfastness in the religion we had embraced, and also to rouse and stir up the minds of those who had begun to be either inactive through length of time, or fastidious through weariness of the subject in which we profess an interest, or careless through levity and fickleness of disposition. For they always thought it right to submit to your authority, and to follow your important admonitions. And as to myself, whenever my lord placed in my hands [1 Bradgate, near Leicester, was the residence of the Suffolk family. See Nicholls's Hist. Leicestershire, Vol. m. p. 667.] [2 Becon thus speaks of Aylmer, in The Jewel of Joy, Parker Society's Edition, p. 424. " In Leicestershire I had familiarity only with one learned man, a countryman of om's [viz. in Norfolk], called John Aylmer, a master of arts of the university of Cambridge, a young man singularly well learned both in the Latin and Greek tongue, teacher to my lord marquis Dorset his children."] 18—2 276 JOHN AYLMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. eitlier Bucer's letters, or your own, (and he always received them from both of you with the greatest satisfaction,) I used to consider myself as highly favoured in being the guardian of such valued treasures. For as often as I read them over, I seemed to myself to hold converse with the two most precious lights of the church of Christ. 'In the next place, the singular regard you entertain towards my pupiP, compels me to declare my respect for you, if in no other way, at least by letter. For what favour more useful to herself, or gratify- ing to the marquis, or acceptable to me, can possibly be afforded her, not only by you, but also by any other person of equal learning and piety, than that she, whom her father loves as a daughter, and whom I look upon with affection as a pupil, may derive such maxims of conduct from your godly breast, as may assist her towards living well and happily? And you are well able to determine, in your wisdom, how useful are the counsels of the aged to guide and direct young persons at her time of life, which is just fourteen. For at that age, as the comic poet tells us, all people are inclined to follow their own ways, and by the attractiveness of the objects, and the corruption of nature, are more easily carried headlong unto pleasure, which Plato calls the bait of mischief, than induced to follow those studies wdiich are attended with the praise of virtue. In proportion therefore as the present age teems with many disorders, must more careful and dis- creet physicians be sought for ; that the diligence, and labour, and exertion of excellent men may either remove or correct such evils as are implanted by the corruption of nature, and the infirmity of youth : for as we feed off the too luxuriant crops, and provide bridles for restive horses, so to these tender minds there should neither be wanting the counsel of the aged, nor the authority of men of grave and influential character. You have acted therefore with much kindness in administering to the improvement of this young lady ; and if you will proceed in the same course, you will afford great benefit to herself, and gratification to her father. Your singular regard for my pupil, as well as the impor- tunity of that excellent and talented youth, John ab Ulmis, has induced me to write thus much to your reverence. I was indeed afraid to interrupt so learned an individual, and one [1 Lady Jane Grey. See Letter lY., p. 4 J CXXVI.] JOHN AYLMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 277 SO diligently employed in the vineyard of Christ; but as he pertinaciously urged me, and assured me of your incredible kindness, I have banished all shame and fear from my mind. Receive this, therefore, I pray you, with kindness and com- placency; and if I have erred in any way, impute it to my affection for you, and to the importunity of my friend. Fare- well, most reverend sir, and pardon this extempore effusion. May God, for the sake of the church, extend your years to those of Nestor ! Your excellence's most devoted, J. AYLMER. LETTER CXXVII. JOHN AYLMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Dec. 23, [1551]. Grace and peace in the Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour, and a life of blessedness in him, &c. I have, received, most worthy sir, your letter, aboundino- not only in affection and kindness, but also m true godliness and piety, wherein you describe me as highly favoured in two respects; both in having such a pupil whom God has thought fit to adorn with so many excellent gifts, and because her family is one that is both well disposed to good learnino-, and sincerely favourable to religion. In this respect, excellent sir, I agree with you, that for these reasons I may be ac- counted to have attained such happiness as falls to the lot of man ; but I consider myself far more favoured in having formed a friendship with you, and which God, w^io searcheth all hearts, knows how greatly I value. It has always indeed been my chsposition not only to set the highest esteem upon all kinds of learning, but to regard with the greatest affection those who cultivate and profess it. For I well know how brutish this life of ours Avould be, were not the understandinjr of mankind cultivated by useful learning and liberal pursuits. And while I have much delight in all these, I am yet ravished by my fondness for theology, and am often lost in admi- 278 JOHN AYLMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. ration of it; so that 1 give more honour to its professors than to any other class of mankind soever. For there flows forth from such persons, as from the purest fountains, all godliness, knowledge of rdligion, and innocency of life. All good men confide in the teaching of such, and approve their sayings as the most holy oracles of God. Hence faith towards God is acquired, charity is imparted, hope is increased, and in fine, all things that appertain to Christianity have their origin. Since then the Lord has so abundantly heaped his riches upon you, as that you are in a position not only to inform your own mind, but to be a teacher and guide in the church to those who would otherwise err ; it is our duty to love and reverence and look up to you, both for his sake who has been so gracious to you, and also for your own. For thus does St Paul exhort us in these words, '' Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers of Christ, and stewards of the mysteries of God," &c. [1 Cor. iv. 1.] ; and in another place, " Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour :" [1 Tim. V. 17.] whence we are taught to pay no less honour and respect to the ministers of Christ, than to those who, previously taught of God themselves, treat of, deliver, and explain, the most sacred mysteries of faith and salvation. It now remains for me to request that, with the kindness we have so long experienced, you will instruct my pupil in your next letter as to what embellishment and adornment of person is becoming in young women professing godhness. In treating upon this subject, you may bring forward the ex- ample of our king''s sister, the princess Elizabeth^, who goes clad in every respect as becomes a young maiden ; and yet no one is induced by the example of so illustrious a lady, and in so much gospel hght^, to lay aside, much less look down [1 Aylmer, in his Harbour for fciithful subjects, speaking of the princess Elizabeth, says : " I am sure that her maidenly apparel which she used in king Edward's time made the noblemen's wives and daughters ashamed to be dressed and painted like peacocks, being more moved with her most virtuous example, than with all that ever Paul or Peter wrote touching that matter. Her plainness of dress," he continues, "was especially noticed on the occasion of the visit of the queen dowager of Scotland, Mary of Lorraine, to the court of Ed- ward VI., in October 1551, two months before the date of this letter.'"] [2 When lady Jane Grey was urged to wear a costly dress, pre- sented to her by IMai-y, she replied, " Nay, that were a shame to follow CXXVII.] JOHN AYLMER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 270 upon, gold, jewels, and braidings of the hair. They hear preachers declaim against these things, but yet no one amends her hfe. Moreover, I wish you would prescribe to her the length of time she may properly devote to the study of music. For in this respect also people err beyond measure in this country, while their whole labour is undertaken, and exertions made, for the sake of ostentation. If you will handle these points at some length, there will probably, through your in- fluence, be some accession to the ranks of virtue. Farewell, most illustrious sir, and may the supremely great and good God grant you a long life ! London. From the house of the duke of Suffolk, late marquis [of Dorset! Dec. 23. Your reverence's most devoted, JOHN AYLMER. LETTER CXXVIII. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Bradgate, near Leicester, May 29, 155L Heartily wishing you health from the Lord ! Though no correspondence, most illustrious sir, has ever taken place between us, nor have I even seen you in person; yet I seem to myself to be acquainted with you, both from your pub- lished writings, and also from your letters to my patron the marquis of Dorset ; and especially too, from the conversation and discourse had concerning you with John ab Ulmis, a godly youth, and one much attached to you, who has at length almost compelled me after long delay, and at first almost reluctant, to write somewhat to you. If therefore I have been to blame by this freedom and extemporaneous ef- fusion, and, to speak plainly, this trifling address, I beg you to lay the fault upon him; though I must candidly confess that, from a desire of a more intimate acquaintance with you, I am my lady Mary, who leavcth God's word, and leave my lady Elizabeth, who followeth God's word." Aylmer, as above.] 280 JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. in some measure implicated therein myself. May the Lord Jesus evermore bless your ministry, and every way defend and guide you by his Spirit ! I hope that you remember me in your prayers to the Lord. Bradgate, near Leicester, May 29, 1551. Your piety's devoted, JAMES IIADDON. LETTER CXXIX. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Dec. 28, 1551. Much health in the Lord ! Your letter, I perceive, breathes the same spirit of benevolence that you are univer- sally reported to possess. Wherefore, although at this time no certain inteUigence of any great importance presents itself, yet as I have met with a person by whom I can send a letter, I am unwilling to let him depart without one. Your having received my former letter with so much kindness, I consider as an evidence of your regard for me; and you have now given me such encouragement, that if I write nothing of an important or serious character, I will at least write for the sake of estabhshing the correspondence we have now begun. I conveyed your respects (as you desired me to do) to my patron, who is now duke of Suffolk, in such a way, that he has sent you a letter ^ You can indeed confer no greater obligation upon his grace than by continuing (as you have once done already) to impart godly instruction to his daugh- ter. For, although she is so brought up, that there is the greatest hope of her advancement in godliness, yet your ex- hortations afford her encouragement, and at the same time have their due weight with her, either as proceeding from a stranger, or from so eminent a person as yourself. You com- mend to me John ab Ulmis, with the rest of the Helvetians : I wish I could be of as much use to them as I desire. But [1 This letter is given above, p. 3.] CXXIX.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 281 though God does not see lit to give me any power in this way at present, yet they shall always find my labom% dihgcnce, and zeal ready to serve them, as far as I can, and especially John ab Ulmis, with whom I am acquainted, and whom I beheve to be a young man of integrity and pure morals. Farewell. May Christ every way preserve you, and ever- more bless your ministry ! Remember me, I pray you, in your prayers. London, Dec. 28, 1551. Your attached, JAMES HADDON. LETTER CXXX. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Richmond, near London, August, 1552. Health in the Lord, most honoured father ! While I was thinking what I should best write to your reverence, in comes John ab Ulmis, and tells me that it would much gratify you to be informed either of the progress and establishment of rehgion among us, or respecting the management of the house- hold of my patron the duke of Suffolk. As to religion however, after the demolition and overthrow of the idols, and the weak- ening and downfal of idolatry, and after our approach to the true light of the gospel, by the blessing of God now restored, I think that you are not ignorant of the path we have entered, the measures we have adopted, and the order we have main- tained for these four years past. At this moment, however, it is reported, that the book, called the king's book 2, in which is contained and explained the manner of divine worship and the mode of prayer to God, commonly set forth among us, (and to be used of all persons in public) is about to be amended in certain places ; in what, however, and in how many, doth not yet appear. There were certain prayers for the dead^, which did not seem very convenient. Moreover, in the ccle- [2 See Liturgies of Edward VI., Parker Society's Edition.] [3 See Liturgies, &c., as above, p. 88.] 282 J^VMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. bration of the Lord's supper there is something either to be altered or entirely expunged. The book too, which is set forth concerning the election and ordination, as they call it, of ministers, seemed to contain some things which were partly absurd, and partly impious. We are in the expectation, by God's help, of their being amended, at least in some measure, if they do not reach the entire perfection they ought and should do, and which, however we may desire it, we cannot perhaps as yet fully hope for. But, thank God, we are in great hopes that ungodly superstition will be en- tirely abohshed. As to the regulations of the duke's household, you are rather to be entreated of me again and again to point out the method that you think best yourself, than that I should explain to you our family arrangements, of which John ab Ulmis can give you a better account than I can. There is one thing however, respecting which I will lay before you my sentiments and intentions, and on which too I shall request of you your own opinion and advice. You are aware, that in the houses of our men of rank there are practised not only such recre- ations as refresh both the body and mind after a moderate and godly manner, but such also as occasion sloth, and beget idleness and ungodhness ; of this kind are games of cards and dice. The duke has forbidden all his domestics to risk any money upon amusements of this sort ; but yet he himself and his most honourable lady with their friends, not only claim permission to play in their private apartment, but also to play for money. As to myself, however, I am of opinion that I can nowise admit it to be allowable for a Christian so to risk his money at any game whatsoever, as to leave off as a winner, with some pecuniary advantage, or else as a loser, to his pecuniary loss. And the matter is frequently discussed in this way. Those who are on their side bring forward for the most part these principal arguments, that they do not wish for another person's money, but that it is the same thing to them whether they win or lose ; that the game loses all its interest without a stake, so that its sleepy character, as it were, must be awakened ; that no one feels any excitement, unless there be a stake laid down ; that in many other things there are superfluous and unnecessary expenses, as in diet, and clothes, &c. AVhcrcfore, in this respect also, we must yield somewhat CXXX.] JAMES HADDOX TO HENRY BULLINGEII. 283 to fashion, and not act with so much strictness, or bring every- thing to the test of conscience and of duty, since no one can live entirely without faults of some kind ; with much more to the same effect. It is therefore lawful to hazard a small amount, only the risk must not be excessive. I tell them, on the other hand, that I cannot be brought to believe that the human mind is so equable and indifferent in matters of chance, as not to regard gain more than loss, or to avoid loss rather than gain. AVere it not so, gaming would not be a risking of money, but rather a constant inclination to be generous. Be- sides, if any one possesses so even a temper, he will then act very blameably in endeavouring to destroy this equanimity and to expose himself to the inconsistency, by introducing a stake, of incurring the danger of exciting the calm and heretofore settled and quiet affections (if indeed they can be such, which I do not believe), whence there forthwith arises the coveting of another's property, anger, envying, strife, &c. Let the game then be cold and lifeless, and (lest it should become worse) let the act of playing itself, which is, or ought to be, the chief motive, be a sufficient reward in any kind of game, and the prize, if it seems fit, be as it were a garland of praise. If a person cannot be sufficiently induced and ex- cited by these motives, it cometh of evil, which is an additional argument. But the case is different in public games, which have their certain appointed prizes for the sake of exercise, and of a contest in other respects laudable and necessary, and for the good of the state. As to what may be superfluous in food or clothing, if one's table be too exquisite and redundant, and one's dress too gaudy and expensive, or in any other respect beyond what is necessary, this is a voluntary superfluity and a self-sought sin. Besides too, there is a great difference between money risked without any necessity, and an expense of this kind, which is in some measure necessary, because the ends are different. For clothes and other ornaments are made and wrought for the very end and purpose of being used and worn out by some persons or other. The fault consists only in their being over abundant, and superfluous beyond what is proper, and when their cost is disproportioned to the rank of the wearer. The same judg- ment must be given too with respect to diet, except only that its use is more necessary. But money is intended for use, 284: JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLIXGEK. [lET. and by the sanction of law, as a standard of value for the property of mankind, as Aristotle has admirably shewn both in his Ethics and Politics. Moreover, we must of necessity have some clothing or other : to risk money at play is not necessary, because games are of themselves an exercise with- out any stakes being produced. And though moderation ought to be observed both in dress and diet, according to the dis- tinctions of rank, yet it is not so in gaming. For it is equally an offence towards God in all persons, inasmuch as by all persons the money might be applied to better and more necessary uses. And because, by reason of our innate corruption, we are always prone to evil, and even Avhen we purpose rightly, unless God assist us by his grace, our very purpose ends in sin ; yet, though notwithstanding the greatest possible diligence no one lives without sin, we must not seek after premeditated opportunities of committing sin or of acting wrong, and allow ourselves in them ; and it is very inconsistent with christian piety to do so. It is not therefore allowable to risk the smallest sum for the purpose of gain, and in such a way as that loss may hence accrue to any one ; for, however small may be the amount, if it be only a penny, it may be employed to better purposes. And there is no reason why money should be introduced, if not for the sake of covetous- ness, or at least of gain, since play is play of itself, without a single farthing being played for, &c. In this manner and to this effect the dispute is often carried on. I am much influenced too by the fact, that I perceive gain of this kind is not approved in any well-ordered form of government. That it is allowed by some of the schoolmen seems to me too trivial, not to say, absurd; though indeed all the sounder writers altogether condemn it, if it is for the sake of lucre, or exceeds the expense of a dinner, or some- thing of the kind, whence no harm can arise, but rather much advantage from the mutual good will and kind feeling which accompanies such entertainments ; and when both parties have agreed beforehand as to the expense, so that a stated sum may be laid out. But the expense attendant upon gaming is by no means necessary, and depends upon the mere fickleness of fortune. And you know far better than I can tell you, how much the civil laws forbid things of this kind, and how the right of recovery becomes void. With us, however, a CXXX.] JAMES HADDOX TO HENRY BULLIXGER. 285 wager won at archery may be recovered by law, and an action may be brought by the winner against the loser, just as in the case of those contracts which are sanctioned both by the civil law, and our common law and acts of parliament. You now perceive my boldness, in that, for fear of writ- ing nothing at all, I have troubled your reverence with these trifles. But however, these light matters, and as some may think them, ridiculous, sometimes occasion great and serious mischief by the losses caused and sustained, to say nothing of other evils that have occurred. Indeed, I always consider them as matters of serious importance. For whatever is wasted in this way, (for I must call it by that term,) how- ever trifling in amount, might nevertheless be applied to far better and more useful purposes. I daily see many evils arise from this practice, and not one advantage. And although these evils are not necessarily connected with the thing itself, because all persons do not thus abuse it ; yet I perceive that ■games of hazard are almost always attended with this mis- <;hief, that the shadow follows the substance. And so much for ray opinion. As to my purpose, it is this. I bear with it for the pre- sent, but in such a manner as to reprove it as often as a good opportunity presents itself; but this I do in private, or in conversation with a few, and not by openly preaching against it. Once indeed I publicly denounced it from the pulpit, last Christmas, because at the very time, as you know, when we ought most of all others to sing praises to our most merciful Father, and rejoice in the Lord, people more especially amuse themselves by indulging in mummeries and wickedness of every kind ; and rejoice together with the wicked, and are especially serving the devil, in imitation, as it seems, of the ancient Saturnalia, as you know better than I do. I am not now speaking of the family in which I reside, for the case is not so with them ; and I am quite ignorant how the case is with you, or in other places. But with us, in general, through- out the whole country, (although not separately in the house of every individual,) at this time more especially, and at these hohdays^ we abound in examples of the worst and most aban- doned character, and most inconsistent with our profession. [1 The statute 33 Hen. VIII. c. 9. prohibits to all but gentlemen the games of cards, dice, &c. except in the time of Christmas. See also Latimer's Sermons on the Card, p. 8. Park. Soc. ed.] 286 JAMES HADDOX TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. And the evil practice has become so prevalent, that unless people will make merry (as they call it) at these holidays, and merry too, in the worst possible way, or one at least of which they will be ashamed at the season of Lent, as they say, they not only consider them stupid and unfit for any thing, but it is almost a part of their religion to act in some measure in this way ; and they fancy that they are merry after this fashion on account of the birth of our Lord. This still prevails among the vulgar and the country folk, who are not yet instructed. In our family, however, there is nothing of the kind, nor anything so greatly unbecoming, concerning which I shall say more presently. But I have described to you the general practice through almost all England, except in a few particular places ; and I explain it to you more fully, because John [ab Ulmis] told me that you would be gratified by my doing so. If therefore I seem too verbose, you must lay the blame upon him, and excuse me. To proceed therefore. Although the nobility and greater part of the commonalty (now by the grace of God better in- structed) plainly understand that it is not their duty so to conduct themselves, yet partly from the force of habit, and a desire not to appear stupid, and not good fellows, as they call it, but partly and principally, as I think, from their not having yet so far advanced as to be able perfectly to hate the garment spotted by the flesh, or to feel as yet the genuine fear of God implanted in their mind, they have no settled intention, much less any desire, to conquer and crucify themselves. But to return from this digression, and explain the rea- son why I once reproved my flock in my sermon, and what followed thereupon. It is as follows. When I had openly reproved the whole thing altogether, and those too, though in common and general terms, who played for money, I saw that it was taken in bad part, because in the household of the duke, my master, the domestics do not play, or at all events in no wise play for money, so as to be found out. But since the duke himself and his lady have secretly played with their friends in their private apartment, they thought it was my duty merely to have admonished them in private. But you must hear the reason of my acting as I did. For this open rebuke was not immediately administered by me at first, but long after ; and in the manner, and with the consideration and caution that I shall now state. When I had frequently CXXX.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 287 done this, and, as I perceived, without any effect, although they had nothing to say against it with any shew of reason ; and having forewarned them that I would at length sometime or other plainly and openly reprove them, if they should repeat the practice of playing in their apartments, provided they played for money, (for that otherwise I had no fault to find with their playing, as an exercise both of mind and body ; but that I could no longer put up with that kind of game, when they played for money, because I saw no sufficient reason adduced by them for that very unnecessary expense,) and having said very much to the same effect, they left off for a time : upon which I was very glad, and began to en- tertain great hopes. Afterwards, however, on the Christmas following, when I perceived they were beginning to return to their old habits, I pubUcly reproved, as opportunity offered, both the thing itself, and those who practised it, but in the way that I have above stated, that is, in general terms, with- out naming or describing any individual. Understanding how- ever that offence was taken at this, I was from thenceforth silent, contenting myself with a private and individual reproof, whenever the subject was brought forward in conversation. And so far I put up with and allow the practice, that I do not reprove it publicly and in. my sermons. But since they consider me too strict, and under this pretence choose to be their own interpreters in other matters, contrary to what they have been accustomed ; and say, " In this or that point Haddon cannot agree with us, though they are just as much matters of indifference as the play which hardly any one finds fault with but himself;" and they are thus advancing to what is really evil: lest, I say, they should err in that way, and go on by degrees into intolerable evil, I bear with this, as I have above explained, against my will. I bear with it of compulsion, that I may gain them over in other things of greater importance; I bear with it, just as a man who is hold- ing a wolf by the ears. But I perceive some good arising from this concession, which in fact is no concession at all, but in some measure a remission of duty, or rather of strictness in the performance of it ; because I do not find fault in pubhc, although individually and in conversation I always reprove in the same way as heretofore. But because they see that I in some measure yield to them, even against my own opinion, and consider that I deal tenderly with this infirmity of theirs. 288 JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. they are willing to hear and attend to me more readily in other respects. I have now exj^lained, more fully perhaps than is con- sistent with your engagements, both my own opinion upon this subject, as also my purpose and manner of tolerating it. I request that you will plainly write to me upon this matter, and fully state your own opinion respecting it, and how you think I ought to act : state what you approve, and what you disapprove, as far as it may seem good to you ; and give me your advice as to how far you think I may concede in matters of this sort, and to what extent I may connive at them. But do this at your leisure ; for I should be unwilling to interrupt you when occupied in things of greater moment. Unless I judged of you in some measure by myself, (as far as is allowable for so slender a scholar, and one who is but just beginning to learn,) to be a most accomplished and learned man, and one who is perfect in every kind of know- ledge, I should not have dared to interrupt you in this way, whom I have scarcely saluted in these three letters. But be this as it may, you are yourself to blame for having wished me to write. I will carry my boldness a little further, and pray you to salute for me that most honoured man master Bibliander, whom I seem to myself to be well acquainted with from his published works. Farewell, ye two lights of the church. May Christ protect you, and by his Spirit aid both you and your ministry ! Richmond, near London, August, 1552. Your attached and most devoted, JAMES HADDON. LETTER CXXXI. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Without place or date. [About October, 1552.] Greeting. I have heretofore written you tolerably long letters ; I now send you a short one, and the rather, as you tell me you are in a weak state of health. I shall pass over the formal and almost courtier-like custom of returning you my thanks for having written to me, notwithstanding you. CXXXI.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 289 were either actually indisposed, or at least a valetudinarian. Your very short letter, most courteous and honoured sir, was, you may be assured, exceedingly gratifying to me, not only because you seem entirely to agree with me, but also for the description of the beginning and progress, and the order now observed among you ; all of which things I had a wonderful desire to know. I have conferred with the duke, my master, respecting your friend Schmutz ; and he promises, for your sake, to be exceedingly kind to him, and to bestow upon him the same pension as he formerly did on John ab Ulmis. It will be necessary for you some time to recal this to his grace's memory, as I am shortly about to leave his roof, having been summoned by the king's majesty to undertake a certain office ^ in the state, in which, though it is not very lucra- tive as to my individual benefit and emolument, I purpose to the utmost of my power to promote the gospel. I am telUng you this, that when you write about Alexander Schmutz, you may not address the duke as if I were with him, but as though I were absent, as I intend to be. For though I shall not be able to be altogether and entirely separated from his grace, yet I shall be for the most part, as soon as I shall be able to discharge the debt already contracted, and yet to be contracted, for the payment of the first-fruits. But it has pleased God to render his grace so much attached to me, and me too in my turn so devoted and attached to his grace, that I cannot entirely separate from him, but must occasionally visit him. You can however yourself write more fully about Schmutz, or any one of the like sort whom you may wish to recommend to liis grace, as supposing that I am not with him ; and there is no doubt but that his excellency (such is his kindness towards yourself and those who are like you) will take it in good part. I commend your health and your whole self to God. I would wilUngly exhort you to preserve it as you can, and as you know you ought. I earnestly pray you to salute master Bibhander in my name. jMay God be with you by his Spirit, and with your ministry ! Your attached, JAMES HADDO^^ [1 A gift to James Iladdon, BA., of the prebend of Westminster, void by the death of Antony Bellows, LL.D., and master in chancer)-, was dated in August 1552. He was appointed in October, this year, to the deanery of Exeter. Strype, Mem. ii. ii. 272, 274.] [ZURICH LETTERS, III. J 290 JAMES H ADDON TO HENRY BUUJNGER. [lET. LETTER CXXXII. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Nov. 30, 1553. I SHOULD have to write very much to your reverence, if I could indulge the feelings of my mind. But by reason of the manifold engagements with which I am at present over- whelmed, I can scarcely write to you at all. Indeed all that I have to say could not well be committed to writing, and the bearer John Schmutz will give you far better in- formation in words. Alas ! what a severe loss have we sus- tained ! Alas ! how true religion is banished ! Alas ! how justly is the wrath of God stirred up against us ! I dare not write more; you must understand the rest. We were not so much in the hope of restoring true religion, as we are now in fear of recalling impious and abominable idolatry. Pour forth your prayers, I entreat you, for me and those hke me. A few individuals of this sort are compelled to afford their testimony to real godliness and religion. All our leading men, I mean the bishops and persons of that sort, are overwhelmed by this calamity, and thrown into prison. May God help us ! We also are speaking to no purpose, for unless God order it otherwise, it is already determined what is to be done : only that we may profess in whom we believe, and what rehgion we hold, we accepted an offer made us of encounter- ing our enemies. What will be the result, God knows, and whether this may not be the last letter that I shall be able to write to you. I very much regret that I was unable so fully to provide for your friend Schmutz by means of the duke of Suffolk, as I hoped and expected, had not this event taken place, which I cannot relate without tears. Pardon me therefore, if I do not write more upon the subject. I doubt not but that the order, as it were, of the whole tragedy will be related to you. The duke^ himself holds to the true God, and I hope by God's help will fully retain his opinions about true religion, in opposition to the devil, whose agents are [1 The duke of Suffolk was committed to the Tower, Feb. 6, 1554, and beheaded on Tower-hill on the 23rd of the same month.] CXXXir.] JAMES HADDOxV TO IIKNRY bUr.MXGER. 291 Striving with all their might to lead his lordship astray : that he may do this more effectually, I commend his lordship to your prayers, and I commend too myself, and those like- minded. Salute for me, I pray, master Bibliander. May God be with you by his holy Spirit unto the end, and ever glorify his name by you, as he hath hitherto done ! London, Nov. 30, 1553. Your most attached, JAMES HADDONl LETTER CXXXIII. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, July 9, 1554. I HAD intended to see your excellence, and deliver to you in person this letter written to you by master Hooper. But having met with some godly persons and brethren in the Lord, I cannot leave this place at present. I have thought it there- fore my duty not to retain by me any longer the letter of one who is so much attached to you. I entrust it to Park- hurst, that brother in the Lord, who is able to give you as much information about our friend Hooper as almost any one else. For they were most intimately united, as well by dis- position as by vicinity of residence^. As for myself, I intend, by God's assistance, to visit some time or other both yourself and the other distinguished men in your church. Among whom salute, I pray you, for me the reverend father in Christ, master PeUican. I am now writing to the worthy and excellent Bibliander to the same effect as I have written [2 Next to this letter, in the Archives, comes a Latin version of the dying speech of the duke of Northumberland. " Joannis nuper ducis Northumbrise in Anglia, quum ad supplicium productus esset, oratio. Viennae, ex officina Mich. Zimmermanni. 1553." See Soames, iv. 44.] [3 Parkhurst was rector of Bishop's Cleeve, near Cheltenham, when Hooper was bishop of Gloucester.] 19—2 292 JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. to you. May God every way be with you, and preserve you for the benefit of his church ! Strasburgh, July 9, 1554. Your attached, JAMES HADDON. LETTER CXXXIV. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Aug. 31, 1554. Much health. I perceive in your letter to me, most honoured sir, that of which I never doubted, namely, your grief for the downfall of the church of England, and your kindness and good-will towards me. Of the former I will say nothing, lest the wound should break out afresh. Of the latter, however, I can rather conceive in thought, than ex- press in words, what I ought to say, because I know that you will not wilHngly hear it. Passing over these things therefore, as to your wish that I should inform you respecting your friend Hooper, whether or not any letter of yours written to him will be safely conveyed, and dehvered into his hands, I have not yet obtained any certain information upon this point ; nor am I able to do so, for he writes word that he is now thrust down to the very lowest dungeon, and that his servant^ has been taken away from him. Still there have been, as I hear, many ways and means devised, by which good men have communication with him, and he in turn with them. Wherefore I have conferred here with one of his friends, who has promised to take care that your letter shall be sent to London, and given in charge to some godly person who, if he can deliver it safely, will do so ; if not, it will remain in his keeping. You will act therefore as you think best. But your letter to him will doubtless afford him great comfort. For this it is that he complains of, respecting many [1 William Dounton, whom Babington, warden of the Fleet, im- prisoned, and stripped him out of his clothes to search for letters. See Foxe, vi. 648, Letters of the Martyrs, p. 97, and above, p. 102, n. 1.] CXXXIV.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 293 persons, that he cannot hear from them ; and he almost thinks himsch' deserted by his friends, wliich (as you yourself know) is the greatest grief to persons in distress, and especially to those who are of a naturally benevolent and well-ordered mind. And the word luell I refer to teaching in general. For we do not here lay aside our natural feelings, but seek for con- solation in adversity elsewhere than from God alone. But to seek it from those more especially, who approach nearest to God, that is, the godly, is not so remote from godliness, (since means are not to be rejected, especially when of a kindred character,) although we ought to depend upon God and his Spirit exclusively. I need say no more to one of your wisdom and piety. Whatever you may determine upon, if you wish for my assistance, you will find me entirely at your service. Farewell very heartily in the Lord. Stras- burgh, Aug. 31, 1554. Your most attached, JAMES HADDON. P.S. There is one Banks^ who has written to you about the lady Jane. He has shewn me your letter in answer to his, from which I infer that he wrote something to you which you did not deem it prudent to publish. It is well that you came to this determination, and I beg of you by no means to make it pubhc, or suffer many persons to copy it. For although he wrote it without my knowledge, yet I know for certain that it will occasion the greatest danger to me, if it be pubHshed or appear in his name, because I brought hiin over from England, and he is with me as my friend. If it were evident that all the statements were certainly true and proved, and that their pubhcation would tend to the glory of God, I would then prepare myself to meet the danger. But I am rather afraid that all the facts are not as described by him, but that he has gathered them from common report, and being himself too in some measure biassed by his zeal. Were the statement pubHshed, it would probably do more harm to the truth, and to our cause, than it would do them good ; to say nothing of the certain risk and peril which would hang over others. ISi or could the whole account be defended with [^ See below, Lett. CXLI.] 294 JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. a sufficiently safe conscience, since, probably, some things have been stated as facts, which may not be found to be such. But as to what regards the lady Jane herself, and what is said in her name, (as for instance, her exhortations to a certain apostate, and her discourse with Feckenham,) I beheve, and partly know, that it is true, and did really proceed from herself. It will now be sufficient for me to have pointed out to your prudence, what you have already perceived of yourself, that is, that these things should not be published, and especially the other matters under any circumstances whatever, and I pray you again and again not to allow it. Should it be thought expedient that they should come forth some time hence, this can be done whenever you may think fit; but the present time is most unsuitable for such a measure, even if it were certain that the whole statement is correct. For we have too many matters of fact to make it necessary to collect mere rumours, and those perhaps alto- gether invented. Our adversaries already partly lay this calumniously to our charge : what will they do if they have sufficient grounds of accusation ? Let me soon hear from you, that I may know you have received this, and that I may be assured that the letter neither is nor will be pubhshed. LETTER CXXXV. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasbuugh, Dec. 9, 1554. Much health. As the letters of the absent are a kind of substitute for personal intercourse, I therefore write to you, most honoured and kind sir, with much pleasure; and the rather, because I not only perceive your kindness towards me in your letter to me, but am also informed of your regard for me from the report of others; and not that merely, which you entertain towards all the members of Christ our Saviour, but an especial regard arising from the leaning of your mind towards me, and which, I am told, you manifest CXXXV.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 295 by your frequent inquiries about nie. God be thanked, who has implanted in you this kind feeling ! I would give you news from England, if any good tidings were to arrive. As to bad, there is nothing certainly known at present, and the bearer of this can inform you of what is reported better than I can. In short, every thing seems to be de- chning, and getting worse and worse. I could tell you a great deal about myself and my present condition, but I am unwilling to trouble your kindness with unnecessary details. As to that Banks, however, about whom I wrote to you before, I have an earnest request to make of you on his behalf. I have hitherto relieved his necessities out of my own slender means. But now, owing to the calamities of the times and the fury of my enemies, I am stripped of almost all my property. And they are so violent against me and those like me, that God only knows what else will follow. To his will and providence I resign myself, as to that of a most kind and merciful Father ; and I earnestly implore you to entreat the same with me and for me, that I may continue to do so even unto the end. The reason of this rage of my adversaries is, I hear, the testimony openly given by me to the truth in that convocation held at London^ last year. But in the mean time they have been seeking with the greatest possible diligence some other plausible pretext; and not being able to find one, they at length denounce me as a heretic on account of my freely declared opinion" against their abominable doctrine of transubstantiation, &c. I call it a freely declared opinion, not only because it was freely set forth by me, but also because that assembly ought to have been most free, as likewise the opmions which were therein [1 This convocation was opened Oct. 16th, 1553, by a Latin sermon by Hai-psfield. For an account of the proceedings, written by Phil- pot, archdeacon of Winchester, and who bore a principal part therein, Bee Foxe, Acts and Mon. vi. 395. Burnet, n. 407. Soames, iv. 103.] [2 Haddon's argument is thus given in Foxe, vi. 405, and Phil- pot's writings, Parker Soc. Ed. p. 200. It was to prove the substance of bread and wine to remain after the consecration of the eucharist. The same thing, saith Theodoret, that the bread and wine were before they were symbols, the same they remain still in natiu-e and substance, after they are symbols. But bread and wine they were before; therefore bread and wine tbey are after.] 296 JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGEK. [lET. advanced. Concerning which the bearer of this, Chambers', my very dear brother in the Lord, can give you fuller infor- mation, as well as in what manner our adversaries, filled with the greatest hatred against the truth, acted in entire opposition to what is just and good, and against all laws, human and divine. But to return to Banks, he will think himself very well dealt with, if he can obtain a situation with some respectable and pious printer, as a reviser or corrector of the press. And he hopes that this may be accomplished by your recommen- dation. There is no need of commending him to your kindness with many eulogies, or of enlarging upon the ability which he possesses for such an employment. He is well acquainted with Latin, as you can judge for yourself, and not un- skilled in Greek ; of peaceable disposition, glowing with true religion, and exceedingly devoted to literary pursuits. In my opinion you will confer a benefit upon any one with whom you may be able to place him. And yet, for Banks's sake, I shall consider the favour in some measure conferred upon myself, because, as it appears, I can no longer support him at my expense, as I should wish, unless things turn out other- wise than they seem to be, and really are, at present. I might have written these matters with less plainness, but I did not think it right to do so, but rather to explain nakedly and clearly to your kindness the whole state of the case. May God every way be with you, and preserve you to the glorifying of his name, and the benefit of his church ! Stras- burgh, Dec. 9, 1554. Your most attached, JAMES HADDON. P.S. I have the greatest regard for that most excellent man, master Bibliander, and for the most honoured father, master PelHcan. I request your kindness to salute them both from me. [1 Chambers and Grindal were sent with a letter from the congre- gation of Frankfort to that of Strasburgh, Dec. 3.] CXXXVI.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY liULLlNGEll. 297 LETTER CXXXVI. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasbuugii, JaJi. 8, 1555. Greeting. Your letter, most honoured sir, was most gratifying to me, both on account of the sympathy which you manifest in my misfortunes, and of the regard and truly paternal affection towards me which I now perceive you to entertain. A fortnight after I had written my last letter to you, one was deliveried to me from England, informing me that I have been entirely stripped of all my property, as I before explained to you, but that there was now some hope from other quarters. I thought it my duty therefore to inform you of this by the very first opportunity, that as you were heretofore distressed on my account, so you may now with me return thanks to God our Father, to whom I doubt not but that you have prayed together with me, and commended me and my cause to him. I have also to thank you very much on behalf of Banks. For my very dear brother Lever has informed me, that master Sultzer^ has arranged for me to send Banks to Basle at the Frankfort fair ; for he has met with one Parkes, a printer, I believe, with whom he will place Banks. I would say more, but am suddenly interrupted by the bearer, who will convey this letter early to-morrow morning. I pray you therefore to take this, as you do every thing of mine, in good part. For I thought it my duty to send you this by the present opportunity, rather than nothing at all, lest I should occasion you greater concern and anxiety than would become me ; because I have not only perceived from your letter, but have gathered from others, the anxious inquiries you had determined to make on behalf of Banks, if this had not succeeded. May God long preserve you for the benefit of his church and the comfort of many ! Strasburgh, Jan. 8, 1555. Your most attached, JAMES HADDON. [2 Simon Sultzcr was a dinne at Basic] 298 JAMES HADDOxX TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER CXXXVII. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Jan. 15, 1555. Greeting. Most honourable and my very good friend, I send you herewith certain heads of a discourse held by him^ whom the inscription points out. It is possible that he embraced many more topics at that time, but most lilvcly they were all to the same effect. I have translated them from the English, just as they were brought here, word for word as nearly as I could. Shall we wonder at the unheard of boldness of the man in inventing, or his singular shame- lessness in lying, or his subtle and versatile talent, and (so to speak) most godless mind, for that, having so long stored up in his remembrance so many slaughters and such heavy charges of treason, he could cherish and foster them with such hypocrisy and dissimulation? I think there was never heard tell of such a turncoat and monster of a man, and pest of the state, if the book" he published many years since in a quite contrary sense, and written too with such emphasis and asseveration as that nothing apparently can exceed it, be compared with his present assertions. But we have justly deserved portents of this kind, for having almost despised the godly and those who told us the truth. May God now take compassion on us, and hear the prayers of his own people, as in his mercy he is wont to do ; and may he succour our not only distressed but deplorable, and, as far as human aid is concerned, desperate condition ! Many signal examples shew that he has done so ; nor do I doubt but that he will again do [1 On Sunday, Dec. 2, 1554, Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, preached at Paul's Cross before king Philip and cardinal Pole, upon Rom. xiii. 11. An account of his sermon is given in Strype, Mem. iii. i. 259, and more fully by Foxe, Acts and Mon. vi. 577, whose statement is so nearly identical with the Latin heads here referred to, as to render it unnecessary to retranslate them.] [2 Haddon refers to Gardiner's book De vera Obedientia, published in 1534, to justify the parhament in giving the king the title of supreme head of the church. An account of this book is given in Strype, Mem. i. i. 264. See also Foxe, vii. 594.] CXXXVIl.] JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 299 it in his own time. In the mean time, all things are working together for good to his people. He who keepeth Israel will neither slumber nor sleep. And that noble act related by Moses in Exodus, and mentioned by you, and so often re- corded in the Judges and Prophets, affords abundant con- solation. I will not at this time trespass any longer upon your kindness. I hope that my last letter has been delivered to you ere now, bearing testimony to the good result of your letter to master Sultzer on behalf of Banks, and for which I again thank you in his name. May God every way be with you! Strasburgh, Jan. 15, 1555. Your most attached, JAMES HADDOK P.S. My countryman and friend, Abel the merchant, warmly salutes you. He was with me at the beginning of the winter, and it is from him that I have the copy of the writing which I send you. LETTER CXXXVIII. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, yipril 2A, looo. Greeting. Your letter, most honoured sir, testifying your affection and exceeding love towards me, was dehvered to me on my return from Frankfort. You tell me that you write to me in all the hurry of business, whereat I partly rejoice, and am partly sorry : for your letter, short as it is, contains singular consolation drawn from the examples of Joshua and Jehoiada ; but I am sorry that I was an hinder- ance to you when so well and so actively employed. For I am aware that the charge of many and most weighty concerns is laid upon you, and that you are almost continually distract- ed by matters of the greatest importance. I must therefore beg of you not to withdraw yourself in future, even a single moment, on my account from any business whatever, unless 300 JAMES IIADDON TO HENRY BLLLINGER. [lET. when a breathing-time and leisure shall be afforded you. For although, being not now engaged in any pubHc labour or employment, I am able frequently to write to your reverence, the case is not the same with you. Wherefore, although I hear from you most gladly and with the greatest eagerness, yet I shall be content if you do not answer my letters, except at the times and on the terms above stated. On which subject the bearer also wiK communicate with you by message from me. I have learned also by the information of our friend Chambers the exertions made by your kindness in respect to Banks. He is not yet recovered, but is better. He will always acknowledge himself very greatly indebted to you, and I offer you my best thanks on his behalf. We commit the repayment of this favour to God, who alone can accom- phsh it effectually, and whom I pray to preserve and direct you for the advantage and benefit of his church. In whom farewell. Strasburgh, April 24, 1555. Your reverence's most devoted, JAMES HADDON. P.S. I have saluted our friend Sampson and the others in your name. LETTER CXXXIX. J^MES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Dec. 7, 1555. Much health. My very dear friend in Christ, I have been often thinking of writing to you for some months past; but nothing has occurred which seemed worthy of being com- mitted to paper, especially as reports were spread abroad with various degrees of uncertainty. But it is now certain that that bitter scourge^ of divine justice, the most cruel of all men [1 Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester. See Foxe, vii. 585. Strype, Mem. in. i. 465, and Philpot's writings, Parker Society's edition, p. 269.] CXXXIX.] JAMES H ADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 301 within our memory, and who most eagerly thirsted for the blood of the saints, has been removed from this life. But though our sins had richly deserved so great an evil, and even a punishment yet more severe, on account of the listless- ness and ingratitude which for the most part pervaded our country when the free course of the gospel was allowed us, yet our heavenly Father and Almighty God has manifested his usual kindness and power. That illustrious pair, masters Ridley and Latimer, offered themselves to God a short time before 2, an admirable and noble sacrifice; and their ashes (together with those of others who had gone before them, and who now live in the presence of our Lord and Saviour) have, methinks, called down the judgment of God upon the above-mentioned scourge of heaven. We have no other certain or confirmed intelligence, as far as I am at present aware, worthy of being communicated to you. Besides, I think that you have been made acquainted either previously or more fully from others with the facts I have above stated, though I considered it also my duty to write to you to the same effect ; for it seems very long since I had any intercourse with you. Salute for me, I pray you, master Gesner. Please to remember me, and the condition of our country, in your prayers, as I doubt not but you will. May God be with you and your ministry, and preserve you for the benefit of his church ! Strasburgh, Dec. 7, 1555. Yours, JAMES HADDON. LETTER CXL. JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, March 12, 1556. Health in the Lord. I have written to you before, but I now doubt whether my letter was delivered to you; not [2 Gardiner died in the next month after the burning of Ridley and Latimer, which took place, Oct. 16, 1555.] 302 JAMES HADDON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. that I wish to interrupt you, occupied as you are in most weighty affairs, much less to draw you away from them for a moment by replying to my letter ; nor indeed were the matters upon which I wrote to you of such consequence as to require an answer. They informed you of the tidings which we had then received from England. What I have now to write is much less worth your notice; but I nevertheless send you this letter, because it seems to me a long time since I have corresponded with your reverence, or have heard from yourself Our friend Burcher, when on his return from you, repUed to my inquiries concerning you, that you were not in good health. But as I have not yet received any further account, I very much desire to hear from yourself, how you do. I ask nothing more, and not even this, except at your leisure. There are many reasons why I am anxious to hear of your health. Nor is it to be wondered at that I am ex- ceedingly anxious about you as an individual, since I have discovered your regard for me to be such as it has been declared to be by the report of some of our friends. I doubt not but that these times occasion much grief to yourself, as to all godly persons, and cause many and deep sighs to be breathed forth. But what can you do? He who sitteth in the highest heavens looks down upon lowly things in heaven and earth. He wills his people to be tried, but will not suffer his church to be left altogether destitute; but as that man of sin has already been partly detected by yourself and those like you, so he will at last be destroyed by the breath of the mouth of the Lord. Amen, amen ! May the Lord be with you by his Spirit, and preserve you for the good of his church ! Strasburgh, March 15, 1556. Your most devoted, JAMES HADDON. P.S. I wish every happiness, according to the will of God, to masters BibHander, PeUican, and Gesner. CXLI.] JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULUNGER. 303 LETTER CXLI. JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, March IT), 1554. You will probably be surprised, most excellent sir, at my writing to you in these turbulent times, which I have never done before ; and the rather, because I had no personal acquaintance with her^ [of whom I write], and am about to address you upon those subjects which would occasion the greatest danger to myself, in case my letter should be inter- cepted before the bearer of it leaves England. But I have not thought this consideration of sufficient consequence to retard my purpose, since it was both godly in itself, and truly deserving of being known by every one, and especially by your reverence, by reason of that kindness and good-will which you entertain towards the very noble family of Grey in this country, and which you have not hesitated to illustrate by your own recorded testimony. But though this family is now overthrown and almost extinct, on account of their saving profession of our Saviour, and the cause of the gospel ; yet all godly and truly christian persons have not so much reason to mourn over the ruin of a family so illustrious, as to rejoice that the latest action of her life was terminated in bearing testimony to the name of Jesus; and the rather, because those who rest with Christ the Lord in the kingdom of his Father, will not have to behold with their own eyes the wretched and lamentable overthrow of our nation. It is we, we who are wretched, who are not only hearing every day the name of the Saviour loaded with reproach, but witnessing the most horrible slaughter of those who have endeavoured to promote his glory, and extend his kingdom. But to return to the Greys, about whom I purposed to commune with you in this letter, both on account of your peculiar regard for them, as evinced by your godly writings ; and by reason of my own affection towards those now dead, to whom I diligently endeavoured, during their life-time, to prove my respect. Jane then, the daughter of the duke, was truly admirable, [1 Namely, lady Jane Grey.] 304 JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. not SO much by reason of her incredible attainments in Htera- ture, by which in the seventeenth year of her age she excelled all other ladies, as by reason of the remarkable firmness with which, though a young girl, she surpassed men in maintaining the cause 'of Christ; insomuch that she could neither be defeated by any contrivances which the papists imagined against her, nor be deceived by any of their artifices, as your reverence will understand from a discourse of hers which I now send you. This conference was held by her with master Feckenham^ a clever and crafty papist, upon some controverted points of our rehgion, upon which she explained her opinion with much learning and ingenuity. And that she persevered in this confession of faith even to the last, is sufiiciently evident from the statement ^ she made a little before her execution. This I have thought fit to send together with the other, because they seemed to me worthy of being universally known. Moreover, it may be seen how her truly admirable mind was illuminated by the light of God's word, by two letters, one of which she herself wrote to the lady Catharine^, her sister, a most noble virgin, to inspire her with a love of the sacred writings, and the other to a certain apostate^, to bring him back to Christ the Lord. I have taken the pains to translate both of these letters from our vernacular^ lan- guage into Latin, that your excellence may perceive that the pains which you have taken to enhghten that family and [1 See this discourse given in Foxe, vr. 415.] [2 See Foxe, vi. 424.] [3 This letter is also given in Foxe, vi. 422. The lady Catherine was afterwards married to Henry, son of William, earl of Pembroke, by whom she was divorced. She was committed to the Tower by queen Elizabeth in 1562, for her clandestine marriage with the earl of Hertford. See Zurich Letters, first series, p. 103, n. 7.] [4 This was Thomas Harding, afterwards known as the antagonist of bishop Jewel. Foxe, who gives the letter, in his first edition, refrains from naming him, " partly reverencing the worthy learning of the person, and partly, again, trusting and hoping again of some better towardness of the party hereafter." See Foxe, vi. 418.] [^ It is interesting to find that lady Jane Grey wrote to Harding in English, as some expressions in the Latin version, printed in her Remains, have given occasion for reflections, which, from this letter of Banks it appears, rather apply to him as the translator than to her as the writer.] C XLI.] JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. 305 incite them to the love of godliness have not been ill bestowed. For I can bear testimony, which, if not very abundant, is at least that of an eye-witness, that the whole family of the Greys, and Jane especially, derived incredible benefit from your writings. She indeed had not only diligently perused, but also committed to memory, almost all the heads of your sixth Decade. The duke also himself devoted as much time as he could steal from the affairs of the nation, in which he was engaged, to the reading of scripture, and especially to your writings, with the milky eloquence of which ho used to say that he was wonderfully dehghted. From the reading of which too he derived the greatest benefit, when certain wicked wretches endeavoured to draw him away, while in prison, from the faith and confession of the true Christ. But they were in no wise able to move him ; for he confessed the Lord Christ even to his latest breath*^. And at the time he was led to execution, though the papists brought forward one of the council, a swine out of the herd, who defended the cathohc church, the mass, the fathers, and customs established by length of time, yet he would not acknowledge any other atonement than that which was perfected by the death of Christ : by this faith he supported himself, and in this faith he at length ended his life. I would speak of the enthc overthrow of religion in England, and the fury of antichrist, only that those who are continually coming over from England to Zurich, that most wealthy mart of all good learn- ing, will make you acquainted with it. It now remains for me earnestly to entreat your reverence again and again to take this my service in good part, and to enrol me among the number of your friends ; and to beseech the Lord that our England may at length be dehvered from that tyranny of the papists by which she is now oppressed. Farewell, most excellent BuUinger, and continue, as you do, to set forth the kingdom of Christ in your writings! London, March 15, 1554. [G This statement is confirmed by the account given in Foxe, Acts and Mon. vi. 545, where Dr Hugh Weston is stated to have attended the duke of Suffolk at his execution.] 20 [ZURICH LETTERS, HI. J 306 JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER CXLIL JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Dec. 9, 1554. No circumstance has ever afforded me greater pleasure than the condescension of your reverence in not only admit- ting me among the number of your friends, but in so courte- ously declaring this by your written letter ; in which, when- ever I peruse it, as I do very frequently, I seem to observe two things especially worthy of commendation. In the first place your singular kindness appears from this circumstance, that a person like yourself, so justly admired by every one, should condescend, in the midst of so many and important engagements, to write to an obscure individual like myself. Your rare judgment in the next place is shewn by your dis- approving of the publication^ of what possibly may be inju- rious to many individuals ; a circumstance which I had not before considered. I now, however, perceive that our adver- saries in England are most mightily disturbed by certain pamphlets, and that they are endeavouring to exclude us from the liberality of those from whom we were expecting the necessary means of subsistence. Nothing indeed now seems to be left for us, but either that we English, who are in exile from our country for the sake of God's word, must support ourselves by the labour of our hands, or else implore the assistance of godly individuals to enable us to continue our studies ; whereby, should it please God to restore us to our country, we may be able to refute the doctrines of the papists, and to explain to our people and nation the artifices by which they have been circumvented and deceived by them. The godly men, by whom we have hitherto been aided and supported, are either all of them cast into prison [1 See above. Letter CXXXIV. p. 293. It seems that together with the preceding letter. Banks had sent to Bullinger the conference of lady Jane Grey with Feckenham, her letters to Harding and to her sister, with a view to their being published, but to which Bullinger made some objections from a fear of injm'ing the cause of the reform- ation in England.] C'XLII.] JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. o07 on our account, or, if an^^ arc still at liberty, they are so carefully watched by the papists, that they can afford us no assistance without the greatest danger. Whence it is, that we are at this time placed in great difficulty; and it is come to this, that each individual must look out how he can best provide for himself. For my own part, I have no hope of being able to continue in the course of studies I had deter- mined to pursue; for he who has maintained" me hitherto, is now reduced to the hke straits as the rest of the Enghsh, being spoiled of all his property, and (such is the malice of his enemies) without any hope. I speak of master James Haddon, a man who deserved to be rich for his liberality to the poor. Since, therefore, my condition is such, that I am unable, through want of means, to pursue the course of study I had proposed, I would willingly follow that which seems desirable in the next place, and engage in that kind of life which is most nearly aUied to hterary pursuits ; in which object, as I understand your excellence has it in your power greatly to benefit me by your recommendation, relying upon that kindness which you have so manifestly expressed in your letter, I make bold to implore your aid and co-operation. There is a printer in your town, of the name of Froschover, of whose integrity and dihgence in his art the bearer of this letter speaks most highly, and has advised me to use my endeavours to induce him by any means to employ me as a corrector and reviser of such books as arc printed at his press. Your recommendation, I believe, will go far to effect tliis object. Wherefore, should your excellence grant mc this favour, I shall consider myself to have received an especial benefit, and will use my best endeavours that you may not seem to have recommended an unworthy person. Farewell, most excellent sir, and most esteemed by me in the Lord. Strasburgh, Dec. 9, 1554. Your piety's most devoted, JOHN BANKS, Amjlus. [2 See Letter CXXXV. p. 2D5.] 20—2 308 JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER CXLIII. JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at [Strasburgh], Jan. 9, [1555J. I HAVE perceived by the letter of your reverence, not indeed written to me, but to my singular good patron and much esteemed master in Christ, master Haddon^, about me, that you have no less exerted yourself on my behalf, than if I had been your own son, and not a stranger, and only known to you by letter. I cannot therefore express the thanks due to your reverence for the pains you have taken on my behalf. But when I reflect that you were born for this very purpose, to succour the brethren, and to shew yourself a true Christian, namely, one who devotes his talents to the good of all, not only the men of this present age, but of posterity also ; I consider you in no respect inferior to the greatest characters, and that in your brotherly affection and incredible diligence you easily excel them all. There are indeed some very learned and truly pious persons, but who will not readily allow themselves to be withdrawn from their studies, even though from such interruption great advantage might arise to their brethren. But you on the contrary, seem to regard nothing as of more importance, than in the midst of your ministerial labours to allow of an interruption in those studies so necessary and beneficial to the church of Christ, and this too for no small interval, for the sake of affording aid to a poor wretch like myself, when placed in circumstances of some difficulty. Most gladly therefore would I express by some grateful attestation, how much I value your good will towards me; but this your more than paternal kindness towards me exceeds all power of expression or even of thought. I will diligently endeavour therefore, and it is all I can do, that you may not seem to have recommended an unworthy person. But as to ^^our excusing yourself to me, who indeed am I, that one like yourself, so justly and universally respected, should think it necessary to excuse yourself in the [^ See abov>-, Letter CXXXVI. p. 297. J CXUII.] JOHN BANKS TO HENRY BULUNGER. 809 midst of your important engagements, for not replying to such an insignificant individual as I am, and who is moreover so greatly indebted to your kindness, and had rather undergo any thing than be in any way a hinderance to your studies ? Wherefore I return my best possible thanks to your piety, and since I can do nothing else, I will always bear your goodness in mind in my prayers ; and I pray our great and good God, through Christ our Saviour, very long to preserve you to his church. January 9, [1555]. Your piety's most devoted, JOHN BANKS. LETTER CXLIV. THOMAS HARDING^ TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at New College, Oxford, Oct. 19, 1551. If, as it has been observed of -^ old, friendships have often been dissolved by neglected intercourse, what is there, most learned Bullinger, to preclude the hope that the friendship of good men may be obtained and cemented by their being addressed with courtesy and respect? and especially when this is done upon just grounds, and without any suspicion of flattery or self-interest. For my own part, a regard to my duty, as well as the very reasonable request of these young men to be introduced to your notice, has afforded me a sufficient occasion of writing to you. For who can be so insensible to every courteous feeling, as not to be compelled to write and return you thanks [2 Thomas Harding was elected fellow of New collci^o in 1536, and afterwards appointed Hebrew professor by Henry VIH. Ho becamo a papist in the reign of queen Mary, by whom he was preferred to a prebend of Winchester, and the treasurcrship of Sarum. He is best known by his controversy with bishop Jewel ; for an account of which, see the Zurich Letters, fii*st series, Letter LXVII.] [3 lloXXay S?) (/)tXtay drrpoo-rjyopia duXvaev. Arist. Ethic. VIII. 5.] 310 THOMAS HARDING TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. for those kind offices you did me when I was with you about the first of May three years since, on my way into Italy, whither I was then proceeding for the purpose of study? Nor can I ever forget with what kindness you received me, and with what hberaUty you entertained me ; not to mention in the mean time, with what learned and grave discourse you detained me, who was exceedingly desirous of an interview Avith you, for some hours in your house ; and, to speak plainly, satisfied my mind, when, inquiring and hesitating about some matters, as they appeared to me, of no small importance, you relieved me entirely from all doubt and perplexity. To this I must add that other token of no common regard and esteem, (for such I ought to consider it,) in that you then inquired my name, just as if I were a person of consequence, and inscribed it among your papers. As often indeed as these acts of kindness recur to my mind, as they do very frequently, I think of what Timotheus ^ said respecting a supper of Plato, to which he was invited by him, when he met hira the next day, namely, that the suppers of Plato were not only agreeable for the present moment, but for the day following. The same thing may be affirmed in a larger sense respecting your kindness, that it was not only gra- tifying for the moment, but has now been so for many months, and will be, I hope, for many years. And indeed, had not my circumstances ordered it otherwise, and drawn me away at that time to other places, almost against my will, I should on no account have suffered myself to have been so soon separated and disunited from . your most learned society, of which I had then first begun to taste the enjoyment. But as the state of my affairs has, contrary to my inclination, continually precluded me from this happiness, it only remained for me to propose to myself the occasional enjoyment of your society and in- tercourse by epistolary correspondence. And just as I had returned to England, and was seeking how to carry this into effect, and was purposing to write to you, John ab Ulmis, who was (as he says) formerly your pupil, paid me a most opportune visit. He prays me to commend these young men to you by a written letter ; which indeed I have promised very readily, both for his own sake, with whom I have had some [1 See Cic. Tusc. Disp. v. 35. Athencciis, x. p. 419. Ed. Lugd. and ^lian, V. H. ii. IS.] CXLIV.] THOMAS HARDING TO HENRY BULLINGER. 311 acquaintance, and also for their sakes, as perceiving them to be such, as for their pecuHar modesty, probity, and erudition, are most entirely deserving of the warmest commendation. You will not therefore, I entreat you, according to your most kind disposition, think lightly of this my commendation, but will receive into your kindness and good-will these youths, Andrew Croariensis and Stumphius, on their return to you. I dare assure you in the mean time from their very honour- able and gentlemanly conduct, that however great may be the advantage that may accrue to you from the regard of the most worthy characters, no less will accrue to you from the attachment of the persons in question ; and that you will acknowledge them to be young men of tried probity, courtesy, and honourable feehng, as well as of unvaried good temper. You will certainly confer upon me the greatest obligation, if you will so conduct yourself towards them, as to make them know that this my recommendation has had some weight with you. Farewell. Oxford, New College, Oct. 19, 1551. Salute very aifectionately from me our friend Butler 2. LETTER CXLV. HENRY SIDALL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Christ Church, Oxford, Oct. 4, |"ir»rr2]. Much health. Last year, most honoured sir, I received a letter from your excellence in favour of this youth ab Ulmis, which was on many accounts very gratifying to me, but, if I must speak the truth, altogether superfluous. For his piety, integrity, and zeal for learning had already so interested me [2 John Butler, of a noble family, having travelled about Germany, and thence into France, and afterwards into Italy, seated himself at last in Zurich, where he became greatly acquainted with John Wol- phius, the learned printer, who dethcated to him, in the year 1552, the second edition of P. Martyr's tract of the sacrament. See Strypc, Mem. I. i. 545.] 312 HENRY SIDALL TO HENRY BULLING ER. [lET. in his favour, that I should consider myself to have received a benefit by having it in my power to confer one upon him. For any individual, in whom I discover such good qualities, cannot but be very dear to me, to whatever country he may belong ; for I heartily detest all respect of persons. In this large college my trifling exertions cannot have been of much advantage to him ; but my mind has at all times been well- disposed towards him, which I can promise will always be the case, provided only, which I hope will not take place, he shall not change his conduct. But since he has now gone back to you, and is, it seems, somewhat doubtful of returning to England, I do not see how I can be of any service to him in future, except perhaps by imploring your clemency to regard him with greater kindness and affection than hitherto, which I most ardently entreat your piety to do. For his conduct in this numerous society of learned men has always been so amiable and unpolluted^ and so obedient to all our statutes and domestic regulations, that it has most justly earned for him the greatest commendation from all persons, and a more than paternal regard from myself. Moreover, his discretion has always been exceedingly approved by me, inasmuch as he has so accommodated himself to our habits, that he never could justly be reproached by any one as a foreigner, but has deserved universal commendation as one conversant with our laws and country. I have thought it my duty to acquaint your excellence in good faith with these matters, lest any suspicion should arise on your part that he has conducted himself otherwise in this place than would become a youth of the most excellent character. I should have written to you at this time concerning our university of Oxford, and the resto- ration of rehgion, and the number of the godly among us, only that this youth will be able to relate all these things to you better at your leisure. Your piety may know this for an undoubted truth, that many among us are exceedingly united to you in spirit, although personally separated by sea and land ; among whom I wish to be counted the chief. For although I am far inferior in many other respects, in this I will yield to no one. Farewell in the Lord. Oxford, Christ Church, Oct. 4, [1552]. [H. SIDALL.] CXLVI.] RALPH SKINNER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 313 LETTER CXLVI. RALPH SKINNER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Oxford, Jan Ct, [l^M]. Health and peace in the Lord. John ab Uhiiis has frequently requested me long since, most excellent Bullino-er, to send you a letter; but latterly he has left no stone un- turned to extort from me these few hues, and I must candidly confess that he has not without difficulty induced me to write now. Not that I entertained any doubt of your kindness, or that the ingenuousness of your disposition has not been well known long since both by your own writings and the report of others ; but partly from my having forgotten how to write Latin by reason of long disuse, and partly because I am too modest to presume to trouble, with my unpolished letter, you who are occupied in so many and important affairs of the church. I readily admit, most learned sir, that I owe you this duty; and I acknowledge also, that I owe you many and great thanks for the honourable mention which you made of ■me in your letter to my patron, the marquis of Dorset. I have certainly long regarded you with the greatest love and veneration, for the sake of the true religion, and con- sidered myself much indebted to you in the name of all christian people. But latterly, my Bullinger, you have so bound me to you for my own sake and that of my country, that you cannot in future attach me more. For you seem to be affected with as it were a father's feeling, and no ordinary regard towards our England. You have every where pub- hcly eulogised that country in many ways by your excellent lucubrations and most learned writings. And on this account you have obtained true and just praise with all good and learned men, of whom, thank God, a great number is at this time found among us. And you may learn from this, that you have not laboured among us in the Lord's vineyard to no purpose ; and how much honour and gratitude is owing to our excellent king, and how much we owe to our rulers, who not only are fovourers of the truth themselves, but are also good and firm patrons of all who embrace it. And you have 314 RALPH SKINNER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. certainly bestowed upon them in these your writings no un- deserved or unworthy commendation. For they justly deserve it, and are to be praised on every account; and we very properly rejoice, whenever it has happened that you have dedicated your lucubrations to men of this character. For an useful stimulus is hence afforded to them in their progress, and encouragement given, that they may not be weary of completing in the best way what they have well begun. And this I hope will very soon be the case. For they have lately assembled a convocation, and appointed certain persons to purify our church from the filth of antichrist, and to abolish those impious laws of the Roman pontiff, by which the spouse of Christ has for so long a time been wretchedly and shamefully defiled ; and to substitute new ones, better and more holy, in their place. It will be our duty meanwhile, diligently to implore God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, that true, pure, and undefiled religion may at length begin to flourish, not here only, but throughout the whole earth. I have written, excellent Bullinger, at greater length than I at first intended, and yet there remain many things, with which I could wish you to be acquainted, did time sufiice for that purpose. But I will defer them for the present. I shall in my next letter possibly impart all my grievances. Mean- while, excellent sir, farewell, and I pray God that he may long preserve you to us for the manifestation of his glory! Oxford, Jan. 5. Yours heartily, RALPH SKINNER. LETTER CXLVII. JOHN WILLOCK TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Oxford, May 12, 1552. Health in Christ. I came over to Oxford on the 11th of May, which as soon as John ab Ulmis knew, he has never ceased asking me, most excellent sir, to send you a letter. I CXLVIl] JOHN WILLOCK TO HENRY BULLINGER. 815 could not therefore refuse him, as he requested what is proper, and rightly reminded me of my duty. I wrote you a letter soon after Christmas, but know not whether it ever reached you. I will therefore only at present briefly touch upon the heads of what I then wrote. First of all, I return ever- lasting thanks for the kindness by which you were induced to make such affectionate mention of me in your dedicatory preface to our prince. I have ever admired your universally acknowledged learning and erudition; but I now embrace again and again, and most readily recognise, your exceeding kindness and incredible regard to myself. The prince cer- tainly received that little present of yours with a most grate- ful and well-disposed mind ; and you must know that you have not acted more honourably, than usefully and piously ; for, as Socrates says, the exhortations of great men are as a whip and spur to happy perseverance in a praiseworthy course of life. Every night, when we were employed on the Scottish borders, after the book had been received there from Jolni ab Ulmis, with great difficulty on his part, his highness was not satisfied with having a large portion of your book merely read to him, but would have it diligently examined; by which I perceived him, endued as he was with a most excellent disposition, greatly to improve; and indeed he very often expressed himself greatly obliged to you for it. You will truly learn the state of my affairs from the bearer of this letter. I had intended at first to have written more, but business and my journey itself necessarily call me elsewliero. I will however add a few things to which you will exceedingly obhge me by sending a reply. First then, I ask, whether that be a legitimate and true marriage which is contracted without the knowledge or consent of parents; and whether those persons can be said to live piously and lawfully in holy matrimony, who being so married, continue in the same ; or whether they may be allowed to separate themselves again at the desire of their parents. I ask, secondly, whether a woman leaving her own husband, and attaching herself to another during his life-time, may be allowed to marry him after the death of her own husband, to whom during that husband's life-time she had attached herself. I inquire, thirdly, whether those are to be considered as living piously in holy wedlock, who throus^h fear of death in time of perse- 316 JOHN WILLOCK TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. cution have mutually betrothed themselves without witnesses, but have nevertheless declared before many persons that they were married, and have lived together for the space of twenty years. I entreat you again and again briefly to explain your sentiments upon these points. I have written hastily and in confusion : take it in good part, as I doubt not but that you will do. Farewell, most excellent and very dear master BuUinger, and always commend my ministry in your prayers. Oxford, May 12, 1552. Your honour's most devoted, JOHN WILLOCK. LETTER CXLVIIT. BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Feb. 20, [lo40J. I SHOULD indeed be uncourteous, most learned Bullinger, not to address you by letter, who, when I was among you\ treated me with so much kindness. You can however guess the reason of my not having written last fair. And though the same reason may possibly still exist, I have thought it right to break my silence, lest my delay should seem not so much to arise from the state of the time, as from forgetfulness and neglect. But this, believe me, is not at all agreeable to my disposition. For my mind is by no means insensible to mutual friendship, and I am of all persons least unmindful of any kindness that has been shewn me. I have nothing to relate at present, except that all the monks in this country have lost the appellation, that some of the principal monas- teries are turned into schools of studious men, and that three [1 Bartholomew Traheron was a favourer of the reformation, and had been much persecuted when at Oxford by Dr Loudon, warden of New college, in 1527, or 1528. Strype, Mem. i. i. 581.] CXLVIII.] BARTHOLOMEW TllAHERON TO H. BULLINGEll. 317 of the most wealthy abbots ^ wore led to execution a Httic before Christmas, for having joined in a conspiracy to restore the pope. I must not omit to toll you that the bishop of Win- chester preached a very popish sermon, to the great discon- tent of the people, on the first Sunday in Lent, and that he was ably answered by Dr Barnes on the following Lord's day with the most gratifying, and all but universal, applause. The points which the bishop principally handled I have related to John Butler, from whom you may learn them. You will hear other news from other correspondents. The Lord Audley^, an excellent man, and in the king's service, has conceived a great regard for you from my commendation, and has bidden me not only to salute you respectfully in his name, but to tell you, that if you send over your son to this country, he will treat him with the attention due to the offspring of a very dear and honoured man. I salute much your mother, wife, brothers, children, and the whole family. Salute likewise in my name those worthy and excellent men masters Pellican, [Leo] Juda3, Rhehcan^, and Megander. Farewell. London, Feb. 20. [B. TRAHERON.] LETTER CXLIX. BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [Before Feb. 1», 1J4(;.] Health in the Lord. I wrote to you many weeks since, and gave the letter to our most loving friend, master [2 These were Richard Whiting of Glastonbury, Hugh Faringdon of Reading, and John Beach of Colchester. The abbots of Glaston- bury and Reading had been found to have aided the northern in- surgents by large supplies of money and plate. See Soames, n. 27S, and Burnet, i. 384.] [3 Thomas Audley, lord chancellor, was created baron Audlcy of Walden, in 1538. Ho died in 1544, when the barony became extinct.] [^ This is probably an error, but it is so in the copy.] 318 BARTHOLOMEW TRAHEIION TO H. BULLINGEll. [lET. Calvin, who was going to Berne, that it might be forwarded to you from thence. But as far as I can judge by the letter which you sent by master Butler's messenger, mine has not yet reached you ; and as I make no doubt but that you would have made some mention of it, this circumstance annoys and vexes me not a little. For as the rest of my country- men have written to you, and as I myself too have addressed others in your city by letter, you might well charge me with ingratitude for having neglected you, to whom I owe so much. Had I really done so, I doubt not but that some time or other I should have suffered the just vengeance of Jupiter the protector of strangers. But believe me, I thought of nothing less, and therefore sent off my letter to you before my singular good friend and very dear brother, master Butler, had procured this messenger. But, as I perceive, the matter turned out unfortunately. It has indeed vexed me most exceedingly, not that there was any thing in the letter which I considered worth your reading, but from the fear that I may possibly be regarded by you as either undervaluing your friend- ship towards me, or being unmindful of your kindness. And I hardly know which of these two I should choose the least. It is a proof of your singular courtesy that you have joined me in your letter to master Butler. Whence also I have good hope that you will not unwillingly accept this my vindication, although I call heaven to witness that I have not in any way offended against our friendship, unless perhaps this may be called an offence, that I did not write you another letter when a regular messenger was at hand ; and in this I acknowledge myself to be somewhat to blame. But who would have thought that the letter would not reach you which I gave to master Calvin, and he again to master Megander? If I ever allow from henceforth any messenger to come over to you from us without a letter from me, you are at liberty to esteem me among the number of the ungrate- ful, or even of those who hate their friends; which however, of all deeds of wickedness, I would least wish to attach to myself. For I am, if any one is, so disposed to mutual affection, that sometimes I do every thing but doat even upon those who wish no good to myself. At all events, I have such an affection for all learned men who have deserved well of me, that nothing affords me more pleasure, or is more deeply rooted CXLIX.] BARTHOLOMEW TIIAHERON TO H. BULLINGEU. 319 in my mind. How then can I forget you, whose erudi- tion has always been most delightful and profitable to me, and whose acts of kindness to me are so numerous? There is no reason, therefore, why you should suppose that it arose from forgetfulness of you, that my letter has not yet reached you ; but there is a reason why you should make inquiry of master Megander, who has neglected to forward it. You perceive, I hope, that I am not at all to blame, excepting that I did not write to you twice. I heartily congratulate you on the acces- sion of a little son, and one too, who was christened on the day of his birth ; and I no less rejoice that the A'ery ex- cellent lady, your wife, is delivered from this danger. We are very anxious to know what Luther and his party are doing about the eucharist. There is I know not what report here, that the minds of the Bernese are somewhat inclined to Bucer's opinions. Here, as far as we have been able to judge hitherto, all things are properly set forth. To yourself, all your children, your excellent wife, grand- mother, and Rodolph, I wish all happiness and prosperity, and true joy in Christ. Farewell, my very dear friend master Bulhnger, with all belonging to you. [B. TRAHEEON.] LETTER CL. BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BOLLINGER. Dated at London, Aug. 1, [1548]. What more delightful gratification could possibly be afforded me, than to receive a letter from so great a distance, from one who is on many accounts so dear to me, and whom, by reason of his singular piety and erudition, I can never sufficiently admire? You have also, my excellent Bullmger, anticipated me in deserving the commendation of courtesy : but as there is perhaps no occasion for mc to state the reason 320 BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO 11. BULLINGER. [lET. of my so long silence, nor indeed can I do so without much pain, I shall let it pass, and express my thanks to you for your most agreeable letter, which has indeed cheered me more than I am able to express. For I am thus led to con- sider that the pure form of religion is now set forth among you, and that your own exertions in this cause have been such as to render the remembrance of you at all times most delightful to me. As to our own affairs, and the extent to which we have made progress in matters of religion, I do not think you can be ignorant. You must know that all our country- men, who are sincerely favourable to the restoration of truth, entertain in all respects like opinions with you ; and not only such as are placed at the summit of honour, but those who are ranked in the number of men of learning. I except the archbishop of Canterbury and Latimer, and a very few learned men besides ; for from among the nobihty I know not one whose opijiions are otherwise than what they ought to be. As to Canterbury, he conducts himself in such a way, I know not how, as that the people do not think much of him, and the nobility regard him as lukewarm. In other respects he is a kind and good-natured man. As to Latimer, though he does not clearly understand the true doctrine of the eucharist, he is nevertheless more favourable than either Luther or even Bucer. I am quite sure that he will never be a hinderance to this cause. For, being a man of admirable talent, he sees more clearly into the subject than the others, and is desirous to come into our sentiments, but is slow to decide, and cannot without much difficulty and even timidity renounce an opinion which he has once imbibed. But there is good hope that he will some time or other come over to our side altogether. For he is so far from avoiding any of our friends, that he rather seeks their company, and most anxiously listens to them while discoursing upon this subject, as one who is beyond measure desirous that the whole truth may be laid open to him, and even that he may be thoroughly convinced. But more upon this subject when I have more time. Salute, 1 pray you in my name, those excellent and most learned men, masters Theodore Bibliander, the ornament not only of Switzerland, but of all Germany ; Gualtcr, and the CL.] BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 321 rest, together with the most courteous mayor, my host, and your amiable wife. Farewell. London, Aug. 1. Yours, BARTHO. TRAHEROK I have not yet been able to see the young man whom you commended to me, because I was absent from London when he arrived. If I can be of service to him in any way, I shall most readily exert myself for your sake. I hear that he is now at Oxford. Again farewell. LETTER CLL BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Londox, Sept. 28, [1548J. How greatly am I indebted to you, most excellent Bullinger, who have thought proper not only to address me in a most courteous letter, but to present me also with your learned and pious lucubrations. I feel myself unable to ex- press by words the pleasure which this your regard to me has afforded. I should most gladly have addressed you by letter long since, but such painful events have occurred among us during this year, and altogether so unheard of, that I could not apply my mind to write; indeed, I scarcely wished to live. I doubt not but that you will have heard the whole history. All things, through the wonderful goodness of God, seem now settled. The religion of Christ, which appeared to be giving way, stands firm; and this we attribute solely to the providence of God. We fear, however, lest Flanders should occasion some disturbance. We have a king who is firm, learned, and pious beyond his age. If there has ever existed a Josiah since the first of that name, this is certainly he. And do you also be pleased to implore our common Father in your pubHc prayers to preserve him to us in safety. BeHeve me, my Bullinger, a more holy disposition has no where existed in our time. He alone seems to sustain the gospel by his incredible piety, most holy manners, prudence altogether that of an old man, with a firmness at this age altogether unheard of. So great a work of God ought not to [ZURICH LETTERS, III. J 322 BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. be unknown to the godly. But that you may add yet more to the praises of God, you must know that Latimer^ has come over to our opinion respecting the true doctrine of the eucha- rist, together with the archbishop of Canterbury ^ and the other bishops, who heretofore seemed to be Lutherans. Let us implore God with our united prayers, to complete a work so favourably begun; and may he long preserve you and yours ! Salute very much my dear brethren masters Pellican, Bibliander, and Gualter. Farewell. London, Sept. 28. Yours, BARTHOLOMEW TKAHERON. LETTER CLII. BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Dec 31, 1548. I CANNOT refrain, my excellent Bullinger, from acquaint- ing you with circumstances that have lately given us the greatest pleasure, that you and your fellow-ministers may participate in our enjoyment. On the 14th of December, if I mistake not, a disputation was held at London^ concerning [1 "It was but seven years before his burning that he relinquished that okl error," namely, his opinion for a corporal presence, "that is, about the year 1547, as he confessed to Dr Weston." Strype, Cranm. 97.] [2 See above, p. 13, n. 1. For a full account of Cranmer's sur- render of the Lutheran tenets, see Jenkyns, Pref. to Cranmer, lxxvi. LXXVII.] [3 This seems to be the disputation mentioned in K. Edward's journal, as given in Burnet, iv. 204. " A parliament was called, where an uniform order of prayer was institute, before made by a number of bishops and learned men gathered together in Windsor. There was granted a subsidy, and there was a notable disputation of the Sacrament in tJie parliament Jiouse." This parliament sac Nov. 24th — March 15th. It appears from the journals of both houses, that K. Edward's First Litm-gy was read the first time in the Commons on Wednesday, Dec. 19 (not 9, as Burnet says, ii. 148), and in the Lords on the day following. This disputation therefore was probably held to give in- formation to parliament upon the subject to which it referred, and to teach them how to deal with the new Book of Common Prayer about to be placed before them by the committee of bishops.] CLU.] BARTHOLOMEW TIIAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 323 the eucharist, in the presence of almost all the nobiHty of England. The argument was sharply contested by the bishops. The archbishop of Canterbury, contrary to general expectation, most openly, firmly, and learnedly maintained your opinion upon this subject. His arguments were as follows. The body of Christ was taken up from us into heaven. Christ has left the world. " Ye have the poor always with you, but me ye have not always," &c. Next followed the bishop of Rochester"*, who handled the subject with so much eloquence, perspicuity, erudition, and power, as to stop the mouth of that most zealous papist, the bishop of Worcester^. The truth never obtained a more brilhant victory among us. I perceive that it is all over with Lutheranism, now that those who were considered its principal and almost only supporters, have alto- gether come over to our' side. We are much indebted to the Lord who provides for us also in this particular. I was un- willing, my dear friend, to defraud you of so great a pleasure, and which I pray God you may long enjoy. Cordially salute master Bibhander and the other dear brethren. I heartily wish every blessing to your wife and children. Farewell. Dec. 31, 1548. [Postscript, added by John ab Ulmis.] Lo ! just as master Traheron was about to send his letter, I happened to come into his room, and can do no otherwise than send you this brief salutation ; for, owmg to the great impatience of the messenger, I am unable to write more. I will tell you every thing in a few days. In haste. London. The foolish bishops have made a marvellous recantation. LETTER CLIIL BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Oxford, June 12, 1550. How greatly am I indebted to you, most excellent Bul- linger, who not only condescend to greet me with a letter, couched in the most friendly terms, but also to instruct me by your very learned treatise ; while I, for my part, have [i Bp. Ridley.] [^ Bp. Heath.] 21—2 324 BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. nothing wherewith to repay you, but a heart much attached to you, and which, beUeve me, I shall retain such as long as I live. And should any thing else at any time be in my power, I will not forget how much I owe you. Do you meanwhile continue to advance the christian religion by your erudite writings ; you have all of us in this country favouring and applauding you. If you desire to know the state of our affairs, religion is indeed prospering, but the wickedness of those who profess the gospel is wonderfully on the in- crease. The people have made no disturbance this year, but there is reason to fear, lest roused partly by their own unquiet temper, and partly by the avarice of the higher orders, they should occasion some confusion, unless the Lord himself should think fit to avert it for the sake of our sovereign, who is making wonderful progress in learning, piety, and judgment. Be pleased to commend to God in your prayers this prince of the greatest hope, who is even now a de- fender of the christian rehgion almost to a miracle. For unless God, offended by our sins, should take him away from us before he is grown up to manhood, we doubt not but that England will produce another Constantine, or a character yet more excellent. I entreat you therefore, for Christ's sake, that you supplicate for him every happiness. For, although you are so far distant, even you may hence derive some advantage. For he both loves you, and acknow- ledges the religion of Christ to be exceedingly well established among you, and would have it ever to remain sound and un- impaired. Farewell, my most honoured brother. Oxford, June 12, 1550. Yours, BARTHO. TRAHERON. LETTER CLIV. BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Sept. 10, 1552. You have conferred a great obhgation upon me, most learned Bullinger, who have both deigned to address me in CLIV.] BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 325 your most delightful letter, and moreover to present me with one of your productions. For nothing can proceed from you but what is, and ever will be, most agreeable. It occasions me, meanwhile, no shght vexation that my circumstances have not hitherto permitted, and do not yet permit me, to declare how much I both love you, and acknowledge myself your debtor. But should my affairs ever take a better turn, I will certainly endeavour to make you understand, that I both regard your singular kindness as I ought to do, and that I bear in mind the especial courtesy which you shewed me at Zurich. But I am now compelled to ask of you a new favour, even while I can find nothing wherewith to obhge you in return. I am exceedingly desirous to know what you and the other very learned men, who live at Zurich, think respect- ing the predestination and providence of God. If you ask the reason, there are certain individuals here who lived among you some time, and who assert that you lean too much to Melancthon's views \ But the greater number among us, of whom I own myself to be one, embrace the opinion of John Calvin as being perspicuous, and most agree- able to holy scripture. And we truly thank God, that that excellent treatise of the very learned and excellent John Calvin- against Pighius and one Georgius Siculus should have come forth at the very time when the question began to be agitated among us. For we confess that he has thrown much light upon the subject, or rather so handled it, as that we have never before seen any thing more learned or more plain. We are anxious however, to know what are your opinions, to which we justly allow much weight. We certainly hope that you differ in no respect from his excellent and most learned opinion. At least you will please to point out what you approve in that treatise, or think defective, or reject altogether, if indeed you do reject any part of it, [1 For a statement of Melancthon's early doctrine, and subsequent change of views on the subject of predestination, see Scott's Contin. of Milner, n. 191, 207, &c. See also two letters from Calvin to Me- lancthon, dated Nov. 28, 1552, and Aug. 27, 1554, in Calv. Ep. Ed. Genev. 1575, pp. 107, 133.] [2 Calvin's Treatise, " De Sterna Dei Pr^edestinatione," is here re- ferred to. It is printed in the eighth volume of his works, Amsterdam, 1667, and in the dedication and commencement is express mention of its being an answer to Albert Pighius and George Siculus.] 32u bartiiolo:mew traheron to henry bulling er. [let. which we shall not easily believe. And now enough of this subject. That worthy young man, John ab Ulmis, who is recalled home by a letter from his family, will better inform you of the situation of our affairs. ReHgion remains pure. Our most excellent king is in the best health, and makes daily progress in learning and piety. But, as I said, John ab Ulmis will give you a far more full and able account of these things. Farewell, my very dear sir, and love me much. Respectfully salute in my name master mayor my host, together with the other worthy and most learned brethren. London, Sept. 10, 1552. Yours heartily, BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON. LETTER CLV, BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, June 3, [1553]. I ACKNOWLEDGE, my excellent Bullinger, your especial kindness, who for the sake of satisfying my earnest request have thought it no trouble to write to me so fully and accu- rately respecting the providence and predestination of God. But though I admire both your exceeding learning and mode- ration in this writing of yours, nevertheless, to say the truth, I cannot altogether think as you do. For you so state that God permits certain things, that you seem to take away from him the power of acting. We say that God permits many things, when he does not renew men by his Spirit, but gives them up to the dominion of their own lusts. And though God does not himself create in us evil desires, which are born with us; we maintain nevertheless, that he deter- mines the place, the time, and mode* [of bringing them into action], so that nothing can happen otherwise than as he has before determined that it should happen. For, as Augustine has it, he ordains even darkness. To be brief, we ascribe all actions to God, but leave to men whatever sin there is in them ; which Augustine has, I think, stated in these words : *' To sin is in the power of men, but to produce this or that effect by sinning belongs not to them, but to God, who ordains TLV.] BARTHOLOMEW TRAIIERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. o27 darkness ^" Again, "God fulfils his own good purposes by tlic evil purposes of evil men~." And to this belongs that saying, that in some wonderful and ineffable manner that does not take place without his will, which is done even against his will. But I am acting very indiscreetly in reminding you of these things, to whom "all the writings of Augustine are so well known. You do not approve of Calvin, when he states that God not only foresaw the fall of the first man, and in him the ruin of his posterity, but that he also at his own pleasure arranged it^. And unless we allow this, we shall certainly take away both the providence and the wisdom of God altogether. I do not indeed perceive how this sentence of Solomon contains any thing less than this : " The Lord hath made all things for himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil." [Prov. xvi. 4.] And that of Paul : '' Of him, and through him, and to him, are all things." [Ptom. xi. 36.] I pass over other expressions which the most learned Calvin employs, because they occur every where in the holy scriptures. But I cannot think it either foolish or dangerous to follow that mode of speaking which the Holy Ghost useth. And did it not seem superfluous, I would entreat you again and again, to beware lest any disagreement be occasioned between you by reason of these tilings. For it will retard the course of the gospel not a little; and unless I am altogether mistaken, you will not be long able to suj)port a cause that is tottering of itself. If you will send your children hither, they shall be re- garded by me as my beloved brothers. I have spoken with my dear friend master Cheke respecting Coelius Secundus, [1 Est ergo in malorum potestate peccare : ut autem peccando hoc vel hoc ilia malitia faciant, non est in eorum potestate, sed Dei divi- dentis tenebras et ordinantis eas.— August. Op. Par. 1679-1700. De Pr^edest. Sanct. cap. xvi. 33. Tom. X. cols. 811, 2.] [2 Nam Deus quasdam voluntates suas, utique bonas, implet per malorum hominmii voluntates raalas. — Id. Enchir. de Fid. Spe et Carit. cap. ci. 26. Tom. VI. col. 234.] [3 See Calvin. Instit. ni. xxiii. § 7. In Bullinger's reply to the preceding letter, which is much too long for insertion, after quoting the above passage, he says : '*' Ego certe sic loqiti non ausim, utpote qui existimem gratioe sinceritatem defendi posse, utcunque non dicamus Deum homines creare in exitium, et in ilium finem ipsos deducere aut impellere indurando et exccecando." He adds, " Quis autem inficias ierit, Calvinum magnis a Deo ornatum esse muneribus ?"] 328 BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. who has, I think, informed you by letter either what he has done or is about to do. Farewell, very dear BuUinger, and salute all the brethren in my name, especially my most worthy host the mayor, master Gualter, my countryman master Butler, &c. Once more farewell. London, June 3, 1553. Your most lovmg BARTHOL. TRAHERON. LETTER CLVL BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON TO JOHN CALVIN. Without place or date. I AM now learning by experience, most accomplished Calvin, that whatever men may have proposed or determined, nevertheless every event is dependent upon the will of God ; and that it often happens, that what we have purposed to do immediately, is accomplished either not at all, or after a long interval. For whereas 1 had fully resolved in my mind soon to visit you, it has now so happened that I really cannot tell when I shall be able to do so. For I have received a letter from home of such a nature, that I must go to England forth- with, whether I like it or not. I know not whether any event more painful could have occurred to me, certainly none more disagreeable ; for I was desirous of passing at least a year with you, as with one whose society appeared to me most delightful and profitable. But, as I perceive, I must follow where fortune leads me. I pray you therefore, that, though we are far separated in person, we may yet be united in spirit. For you have deserved of me far otherwise than to make it possible for me ever to forget you ; and I can no otherwise repay your favours to me than by the faithful re- membrance of our friendship, which I shall most dihgently and everlastingly retain. As to the rest, with respect to the ten crowns I placed in your hands, I would not ask for them, were I not afraid of wanting money for my journey. But take care that you do not put yourself to any inconvenience. Salute for me the worthy master Farell, with all our other friends by name. Farewell, my dear friend, long and happily ! [BARTHOLOMEW TRAHERON.] CLVII.j PETER ALEXANDER TO TAUL FAGIUS. 329 LETTER CLVII\ PETER ALEXANDER TO PAUL FAGIUS. Dated at Lambeth, March 24, 1549. That I have not jet written to you, my dear friend, you must attribute to no other cause but that I considered the letter which I wrote to that illustrious man, master Bucer, as intended also for yourself. But now, since I am commis- sioned by the most reverend the archbishop to address you in his name, I cannot forbear sending you at least a short letter, to inform you of his exceeding good-will and most favourable inchnation towards you and your affairs. That I may not, therefore, detain you by any longer preamble, you must learn in few words the friendly feehng of our most reverend [archbishop], and his singular anxiety for the ad- vancement of all the ministers of Christ. This excellent personage, who is the principal instrument in replacing the church of Christ in this kingdom, and restoring it to its purity, has been iriformed of your having been dismissed by the senate of your city^; and as, from his great anxiety for all godly ministers of the churches, he has taken a very lively interest in you and your affairs, he said it would be a very grievous thing both to you and your family, to be so unexpectedly deprived of a regular means of subsistence. And since these churches of ours are in great want of learned men, and as he supposes that you will not any longer be able to obtain an honourable livelihood in your own country, he desires to see you in this kingdom as soon as possible, and has commissioned me to invite you by this my letter in his name. I pray you, therefore, to come as soon as you possibly can, and cheer the most reverend archbishop, your attached friend, by your very early arrival. There is no doubt, excellent sir, of your obtaining some honourable situa- tion in this country ; for I know for certain that you will be appointed to a most distinguished office in the university, [1 The original of this letter is presei-ved in the archives of St Thomas at Strasburgh. The letter of Alexander to Bucer of the same date and to the same effect is printed in Buceri Scripta AngHcana.] [2 Both Fagius and Bucer were forced to leave Germany, upon the business of the Interim. See Burnet ii. 140, Strype, Craiim. 281.] 330 PETER ALEXANDER TO PAUL PAGIUS. [lET. either at Oxford or Cambridge, where you will derive a greater salary from yom^ lectures than you ever received in your own country from your most important duties as a preacher. Do not therefore, I pray you, any longer put off your journey, but come over to us immediately. We have here the most reverend the lord archbishop of Canterbury, the most faithful son of the church, together with the most illustrious prince the lord protector, who, like another Joseph, next in rank to the king, is able to accomplish whatever he will, if only for the sake of Christ and the advancement of his glory. And this he does most admirably, for he is in no wise wanting in his exertions and endeavours for the church of Christ and its faithful members in this kingdom ; as what- ever we see likely to turn out to the praise of God, and the advantage of the church, he endeavours with all the powers of his mind to effect as speedily as possible. There is, more- over, that aged bishop master Latimer i, who is most desirous of seeing you both, and who, since he has no little influence with the king, offers you his assistance in every possible way. Come over, therefore, sir, without delay 2. Salute your wife in my name, together with your [daughter] Charity. Fare- well. Dated at Lambeth, March 24, 1549. Tours, and your host that is to be, PETER ALEXANDER. [^ Bishop Latimer was probably at this time nearly seventy years of age. He had for some time taken up his residence at Lambeth with his friend archbishop Cramner, and refused to dispossess Heath, who had succeeded him in the see of Worcester, which he had resigned in consequence of the " six articles' act." See his sermons, Parker So- ciety's Edition, p. 127.] [■^ Bucer and Fagius aiTived safely in England in the end of April, and abode with the archbishop above a quarter of a year, until to- wards the end of the long vacation, the archbishop intending they should be at Cambridge, when the term should begin, Bucer being no- minated professor of divinity, and Fagius of Hebrew. Strype, Cranm. 281. Soames, Hist. Ref. HI. 499.] rLVITI.] PAUL FAGIUS TO JOHN ULSTETTEH. 3r>l LETTER CLVIII. PAUL FAGIUS TO JOHN ULSTETTER. Dated at Calais, Jpril 18, 1549. I GREET you mucli, my beloved son-in-law. Master Bucer and I quitted Strasburgh on the sixth of April, and having passed through Lorraine, Champagne, Picardy, Flan- ders and Artois, we arrived at Calais, the frontier city of England, without any difficulty whatever, on the eighteenth of the same month. We were no where better accommodated than in the dominions of the emperor, from whom we were only distant two days' journey. We were most kindly re- ceived at Calais by the city authorities, all of whom were most anxiously expecting us : we found also master Peter Alexander, who had been sent thither by the archbishop to await our arrival. Most desirable appointments are in store for us : only may the Lord enable us to accomphsh somewhat that may tend to his glory, and the edification of his church, and then all will be well. Do you also, with your wife, my very dear daughter, render hearty thanks to the Lord for having with such fatherly care conducted us through all our enemies ; and who we doubt not will mercifully protect us for the time to come. We shall have to remain at Calais for one or two days on account of the high winds. When we have crossed the sea, with Christ our guide, and have arrived in England, I will endeavour to acquaint you with my affairs at the earliest opportunity. Do you also endea- vour to let me know, as soon as possible, the situation of your own affairs. Send your letter to Strasburgh to master Conrad Hubert, who will always be able to forward it to me without any difficulty. My son PauP is at Canterbury, and, as mas- ter Peter tells me, in good health. I hope to see him on Easter Monday, if not before. Fare you well and happily, my very dear son-in-law ^ with your spouse, my very dear daughter; and salute for me most dutifully all my brethren, especially Erbius and Scriba. In haste, from Calais, April ] 8, 1549. I hope also my son Timothy is in good heaUh : [3 See above, Letter XX. p. 32.] [4 John Ulstetter married Fagius's daughter Sarah, Nov. 11, ir)47.] 332 PAUL FAGIUS TO JOHN ULSTETTER. [lET. if he continues to improve his morals, as you have led me to hope, he will in future be not less dear to me than heretofore. Be sure and let me see his letter by the first courier. Your father-in-law, PAUL FAGIUS, the elder. LETTER CLIX. PAUL FAGIUS TO JOHN ULSTETTER. Dated at the Palace, Lambeth, April 26, 1549. Much health, my dearest son-in-law. I doubt not but that you are very anxious to learn how and when we arrived in England. You must know therefore, that on the eighteenth of April, under God's guidance, we happily reached Calais the frontier sea-port of England, where we were obliged to remain till the twenty-third of the same month owing to the roughness of the sea. On that day we crossed the channel, and reached London on the twenty-fifth. We thence proceeded by water to Lambeth, the palace of the archbishop of Canter- bury, who received us with the greatest kindness. He wishes to send me to the university of Oxford, over which master Peter Martyr presides, for it is the most celebrated ; and master Bucer to Cambridge. But we are urgent with his grace not to separate us, but to allow us to remain together for some time, which will be a great comfort to us both. Wc are however, still ignorant of our destination; for every thing is done by the king's order. May the Lord grant that, wherever we may be, we may approve ourselves unto him ; which I request you to implore with us from him by fervent prayer. I cannot at present give you any certain information about English affairs. This however we have observed, that the harvest is plenteous, but the labourers are very few. Let us therefore entreat the Lord to send forth suitable labourers. We found my son Paul at Canterbury in good health. He has become well acquainted with the Enghsh language, and has a tolerable understanding of French ; so that he now acts as my interpreter. He has so conducted himself, as to gain CLIX.] PAUL FAGIUS TO JOHN ULSTETTER. 333 the favourable opinion of all good and learned men, which has cheered me exceedingly. We are still remaining with the archbishop at Lambeth, in daily expectation of being sent to the post assigned us. I request you again and again to acquaint me with the state of your affairs. I hope we may shortly meet. Farewell, together with my very dear pledges, Sarah and Timothy. Salute all my brother-ministers most dutifully from me, especially masters Erbius and Scriba. In haste, from Lambeth, the palace of the archbishop, April 28, in the year of salvation 1549. Your father-in-law, PAUL FAGIUS, the elder. Master Bucer, with Negelin^ and my son Paul desire their dutiful respects. LETTER CLX. PAUL FAGIUS TO CONRAD HUBERT. Dated at Croydon, May 7, 1549. May the only-begotten Son of God preserve you, your wife, and all your family unto life eternal, my very dear brother in the Lord ! You will abundantly learn the present state of our affairs both from the letter of master Bucer, and the one I wrote to my wife, which I am very anxious for you to read. On the first of May we removed from Lambeth to Croydon, where the archbishop generally passes the summer. On the fifth of the same month we were taken to court, where access to the king's majesty was granted us immediately after dinner. I cannot express with what kindness we were re- ceived by him, as well as by the lord protector, and others of the nobihty, and how he congratulated us upon our arrival. This, indeed, exhilarated us beyond measure. Though he is still very young, and very handsome, he gives for his age [^ Matthew Negelin, afterwards a minister of Strasbiirgh, accom- panied Bucer and Fagius into England, and was then with them at the archbishop's house at Lambeth. See Strype, Cranmer, 279.] 334 PAUL TAGILS TO CONRAD HUBERT. [lET. such wonderful proofs of his piety, as that the whole kingdom and all godly persons entertain the greatest hopes of him. May our good and gracious God preserve him in safety many years, that he may be able to govern his kingdom long and happily, and at the same time to advance in various ways the kingdom of Christ, which we ought all of us to entreat for him from God with fervent prayers. We hoped that we should very soon have gone to Cambridge, but the plan is altered. For it seemed good to his majesty, the lord protector, and the archbishop, that we should translate the holy scrip- tures^ from the original sources into Latin, with some brief explanations of the difficult passages in each chapter, and the addition of summaries and parallel places. All of which they wish afterwards to be translated into Enghsh, for the use of the preachers and people. It is certainly a work of much labour ; may God grant us strength ! These things, my excellent brother, I wish briefly to acquaint you with : I pray you communicate them to my wife. Every thing else you will learn from other letters. Farewell, with all your household, and all our brethren in the ministry, especially masters Marbach, Lenghn, Christopher, Martin, and Udalric, and also master Andernach, together with their dear wives. In haste, from the archbishop's house at Croydon, May 7, 1549. Yours wholly, PAUL FAGIUS, the elder. LETTER CLXI. . BERNAUDINE OCHINUS' TO WOLFGANG MUSCULUS. Dated at London, July 17, 1548. Greeting. A letter has been brought me from Augsburg, in which are contained sad tidings respecting the state of the [1 Fagius was to have taken the old testament, and Bucer the new, for their several parts. But their death put an end to the design.] [2 See fii'st Series, Letter XXIV. p. 58. For a further account of him sec Moshcim, Ecclcs. Hist. cent. xvi. Part ii. chap. il. § 42.] CLXI.] BERNARDINE OCHINUS TO WOLFGANG MUSCULUS. '333 church and commonwealth. For I am informed that the impious doctrine set forth by the emperor Charles has been received in many cities of Germany, some of whom influenced by fear, and others by foul superstition, had not courage to resist the ungodly edict. And, indeed, this most heavy chastisement from God, which leads men's minds into a denial of the truth, and into extreme destruction, is much more hurtful and calamitous than an internal and civil war could be to their bodies. But among the other states which have arrived at this wretchedness, is mentioned that of Augsburg '\ which, impelled by the menaces of the emperor, is forced to receive that abominable Interim'*. They write too respecting yourself, that as you were unable to maintain with integrity and fidelity the office to which you had been called, you had abandoned the city^, and sought refuge in a place of greater security. When therefore I made mention of your virtue and learning, and present misfortmies, to the most reverend the archbishop of Canterbury, he replied, that if you thought fit to come over into this country, he would provide you with some honourable means of subsistence. I considered that I owed this service to our long friendship ; and I recommend and exhort you, by my love for you, not to despise the voca- tion offered you, in which you will probably be employed with much greater usefulness than, under existing circumstances, in any part of Germany. Farewell. I could not but com- mend you to him, and point out of what great use you would be, if you would come hither ; and he said that he would provide for you and for your family. London, July 17, 1548. BERNARDINE OCHINUS. [3 In Augsbui'g the emperor displaced the magistrates, substituting for them creatures of his own, each of whom was sworn to observe the Interim. See Sleidan, 469, 470.] [* Interimendum illud Interim. Orig.'} [5 Wolfgang Musculus was minister of the church of Augsburg till 1548, when, on the entiy of Charles V. into the city, and the consequent re-establishment of popery, he retired to Berne, where he was elected professor of divinity, and where he died in 1563.] 336 BERNARDINE OCHINUS TO WOLFGANG MUSCULUS. [lET. LETTER CLXIL BERNARDINE OCHINUS TO WOLFGANG MUSCULUS. Dated at London, Dec. 23, 1548. Greeting. I gave your letter to the most reverend the archbishop of Canterbury, having read which, he declared himself exceedingly desirous that you should come hither : he said moreover, that there was but little hope of Upper Germany, and repeated his promise of providing every thing necessary for yourself and family. He has commissioned a certain merchant, by name Kichard Hilles, to supply you by his order with the money required for your journey, in case you should come. You will receive, I think, the letter of this merchant together with mine. I will add, that there are in London more than five thousand Germans, to whom you may preach and administer the sacraments; and if you wish to lecture at Cambridge, you will be able to do so. All things, I hope, will be reformed. I have now done my part ; may Christ direct you! My wife and daughter are well, and salute you with your wife and children. Farewell, and remember me in Christ. London, Dec. 23, 1548. BERNARDmE OCHINUS. LETTER CLXIIL WOLFGANG MUSCULUS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Berne, March 12, 1M9. (extract.) Bernardine (Ochinus) is inviting me to England by his letters, two of which I have now received dated on the 23rd and 31st December, to this effect : "I have shewn your letter to the most reverend the archbishop of Canterbury, which when he had read, he most decidedly manifested his great desire that you should come to England, and he again confirmed what he had before promised. But as you wrote CLXIII.] WOLFGANG MUSCULUS TO HENRY BULLINGER. 337 that you had still some expectation in Germany, he imme- diately subjoined that such hopes were of a very slender nature ; but that as you stated that you had a large family, and feared the expense would be greater than you could afford, he had been speaking to a certain merchant to supply you with every necessary. He will send, I think, a hundred crowns for your journey. Now if you require my sincere opinion, I recommend and exhort you to come. A lectureship will be provided for you at Cambridge ; and should not that situation meet your wishes, you might preach publicly in London, where a numerous auditory would not be wanting. For there are more than five thousand Germans ^ here, to whom you would doubtless be most acceptable. I am therefore very desirous that, if you can do so without great inconvenience, you should come over as soon as possible. I have nothing more to write about the archbishop, except that he is daily becomino; more favourable to evangehcal truth. And thouo-h some reports of a contrary character have hitherto prevailed respecting him, he is now really shewing himself to be a most godly person, and that he has nothing more at heart than that Christ should flourish and be triumphant. We are there- fore upon the most harmonious and friendly terms." Thus far he. As to myself, I have no thoughts of this invitation, unless (as I before wrote to Bernardino) there should not be afforded me an opportunity of serving Christ in Ger- many. I am however very much pleased that the pure form of Christianity is daily more and more prevailing in that kingdom, which will doubtless receive many exiles flying thither for refuge. Wherefore we must unceasingly pray God to put an end at length to that perilous war with Scotland, whence evils of no ordinary kind may arise to that kingdom, unless the mercy of God avert them. Farewell, most illus- trious sir. Berne, March 12, 1549. Yours in the Lord, W. MUSCULUS. [1 The king's letters patent to John a Lasco and the German con- gregation are given in Burnet, iv. 308. They are dated July 24, 1550. Among the ministers is mentioned Ricardus Gallus, of whom see be- low, p. 339. 71. 1.] r -1 22 [ZURICH LETTERS,. III.] 338 PETER OF PERUGIA TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER CLXIV. PETER OF PERUGIA^ TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Cambridge, Feb. 10, 1550. Greeting. Although I am personally unknown to you, most learned and accomplished Bullinger, this circumstance need not prevent me from addressing you with every feeling of affection and respect, and desiring to gratify you to the utmost of my power. For I am not so ignorant as not to perceive the extent of those obligations which all those who, like myself, embrace the pure doctrines of the gospel, owe to you and others of the like character, by reason of those admirable exertions and services by which you have again purified the church of Christ itself, which had been miserably defiled by antichrist. I pray you therefore, most godly Bullinger, to assure yourself of every service from me which a gratefid pupil can render to his instructor, and which I would desire to prove to you rather from the active per- formance of them than from a mere verbal declaration. The state of England is at this time entirely tranquil, compared with what it was during the last year. The duke of Somerset, who had been the king's governor, and who was so ignominiously committed to the Tower of London, is now at length delivered by the divine blessing, and most honour- ably set at liberty. And although he is deprived of his former office, he will nevertheless be able to live with honour and magnificence upon the revenues that they have left him. You see therefore the wonderful mercy of God towards his elect : for from the beginning it was the general o]Aiion that he would suffer death; but it has turned out far otherwise. The gospel in this country is rather extending itself more widely than suffering any change. Masters Bucer, Bernardino, and Peter Martyr, are most actively labouring in their ministry, and are indeed most useful. [1 Pietro Bizarro of Perugia is mentioned in a letter of Languet to Sir Philip Sidney, with high commendations of his eloquence, and remarks on the want of wisdom in the English in not "earning the good- will of such a man." See the Correspondence of Sidney and Languet, collected by Rev. Steuart A. Pears, p. 2. He was entertained divers years with the earl of Bedford; and expecting preferment here, failing of it, he departed and lived abroad. Strype, Ann. iii. i. 660.] CLXIV.] PETER OF PERUGIA TO HENRY BULLINGER. 339 We have great hopes of a peace with France, although we do not yet know upon what terms it will be eifected. May our most gracious God grant that all things may turn out happily : and I earnestly pray him long to preserve yourself, together with masters Pellican, Bibliander, Gualter, Vergerius, and the whole church, to the glory of his name. Master Bucer, who is now at the university of Cambridge, where he is lecturing with the greatest eloquence and godliness upon Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians, most affectionately salutes you and your church. Cambridge, February 10, 1550. Your most attached and devoted, PETER of Perugia, an exile from Italy, his native country, by reason of his confession of the doctrine of the gospel. LETTER CLXV. THOMAS NORTON TO JOHN CALVIN. Dated at London, Nov. 13, 1552. Having understood from your letter to master Richard-, the preacher of the word here in the French church, that you were desirous to know what had become of the children of my late master, the duke of Somerset, the consideration of your kindness affected me with exceeding delight and satis- faction ; and I seemed to recognise the kindly feeling of an excellent and truly christian pastor, who do not account as unworthy of your remembrance and regard, in their present fallen state, those individuals who have been cast down from the pinnacle 'of prosperity on which they had formerly been placed. Wherefore, although it may hardly seem to be within my province to answer for another, yet induced by the re- quest of master Richard, partly because no one can give you [2 A memorandum written about the end of the 16th century, speaks of Richard Vauville as "a man sound and perfect in christian piety," the minister of a church at London, in which "French was spoken," on the authority of the preface of a work written by Poulain, printed in 1552. See Burns, Hist, of Foreign Protestant Refugees, Lend. 1846, p. 24. Beza says, "Vauville est mort, ministre en I'eglise Francoise de Frankfort, apres la dissipation d'AngleteiTe, ou il avoit long temps servi heui'eusement." Hist. Eccles. Anvers, 1580, i. 57. He also bore the name of Richard Frangois.] 22—2 340 THOMAS NORTON TO JOHN CALVIN. [let. more certain information upon this subject than myself, who am still attached to them, and partly because, from your most courteous reply to my last, I perceive that a letter of mine will not be unacceptable to you, I have thought fit to acquaint you in writing with their present circumstances. After God had taken away from us the duke himself by the hand of the executioner, because, alarmed for his own life, he was reported to have plotted the destruction of certain others of the royal council; it was enacted in the collective assembly of the realm, (which from a French word we call a parliament, from the freedom of speech there allowed,) that himself and his sons by Anne^ his wife, who cannot be unknown to you, though you have never seen her, and whom he married upon the decease of his former wife Catharine 2, should be deprived of the dukedom, earldom, and barony, as it is called, and also of any other titles of honour bestowed by reason of services rendered to the state ; and that they should be reduced to the lowest rank of nobility. With respect to their main- tenance, the following provision was made. The eldest daughter Anne^, with whom you have corresponded, has been married nearly three years to the earl of Warwick, son and heir of the duke of Northumberland, and is happily and honourably settled. The other four, Margaret^, Jane, Maria, and Catharine, are unmarried, and committed by the council to the care of their aunt^ the widow of the lord Cromwell, to whom four hundred marks are yearly paid by the king for [1 The duke of Somerset married for his second wife, Anne, daughter of sir Edward Stanliope of Sudbury, co. Suffolk. She died in 1587, aged 90.] [2 This lady was daughter and coheir of sir William FilloL] [3 This lady was afterwards married to sir Edward Ampton, knight of the bath. Strj^oe, Mem. 11. ii. 8.] [^ Margaret was sought in marriage by the lord Strange in 1551, and with the approval of the king. But that match did not take effect, and she died unmarried, as did her sisters Catharine and Jane, the latter of whom it was said the duke secretly endeavoured to match with the king. Strype, as above.] [^ Elizabeth, second daughter of sir John Seymour, and sister of queen Jane Seymour and the duke of Somerset, married successively sir Anthony Oughtred, and Gregory, lord Cromwell, son of the earl of Essex. He died in 1551. His widow was originally to receive 300 marks, or £50. for each of these four ladies per annum, which salary was, November 1, increased to 100 marks a year apiece. Strype, Mem. n. ii. 7.] CLXV.] THOMAS NORTON TO JOHN CALVIN. 341 their maintenance, according to the act of parhament. Each mark is worth thirteen shilhngs and fourpence. The youngest daughter, EHzabeth, who is now in her second year, is with her aunt Smith ^, who lost her husband about four months since, and to whom in hke manner a hundred marks are yearly assigned for her support. To Edward", his son and heir, thirteen years old, and as it were the Hving image of his father, out of the estates which yielded annually to his father [ ]^ thousand pounds of our money, each of which is equivalent to four golden crowns, as they call them, there is reserved, by the same act of parliament, about two thousand four hundred pounds, more or less. The surplus, with all the personalty, was paid, as is wont, into the exche- quer. He, with his two brothers, Henry and Edward^, the latter five years old, and the other twelve, is with the lord treasurer of England. They are wards of the king, to whom, so long as they are imder age, belongs the guardianship of noble orphans, and also the use, enjoyment, and management of their estates. They are liberally educated, and have no other attendants or governors but those to whom they were entrusted by their father in his life-time. Philip Gilgate, a worthy gentleman, is their governor, and I retain my old office of instructing them. But you may perhaps feel uncom- fortable at their residing in the house of that individual, the marquis of Winchesters^, of whose rehgion you may have been [6 Dorothy, youngest daughter of the above su* John Seymour, married sir Clement Smith, knight, a gentleman of Essex, who died August 26, 1552. In February, 1552, there was a warrant to the exchequer to pay this lady an annuity of 100 marks towards the finding the lady EHzabeth during her abode with her. This Elizabeth afterwards married sir Richard Knightly of Fawsley, and died in 1602.] [7 A patent was granted in the fifth and sixth years of Edw. VI., to the duke's eldest son, to be restored to as many of the lands as were his mother's, and sold away by the duke without her consent; and that this should be made good to him out of the lands that the heirs begotten of the body of the lady Anne, his second wife, should have. Strype, Mem. ii. i. 543.] [8 Fere miUia, MS. Probably a mistake of the copyist for decem.] [9 Edward, the duke's eldest son by his second marriage, having been dispossessed of all his titles by act of parliament, as above re- lated, continued without estate or title, until created by queen Eliza- beth, before her coronation, baron Beauchamp, and earl of Hertford. He died in 1621.] [10 See his character in Strype, Mem. in. i. 141.] 342 THOMAS NORTON TO JOHN CALVIN. [lET. led, from the reports of others, to entertain a doubt. This doubt, however, I am able to remove. As far as I can per- ceive, he is a worthy and rehgious man, nor do I see in what respect he diifers from us : so that, even supposing he were to think chfferently, which I do not believe to be the case, yet as he does not draw us aside, but even goes before us in rchgion by his own example, there is no danger ; and still less so, because their minds are both strengthened by education, and fortified against popery by the presence of us who reside with them. Their mother ^ still remains in the prison, which we call the Tower of London. As she is guarded there with great care, we are ignorant as to what she is doing, or for what offence she is suffering. We hope, however, that she will shortly be set at liberty, because some parties are of opinion that she was not imprisoned for having committed a crime, but to prevent her from committing one ; so that when they perceive that the government has no cause for alarm, they will doubtless restore her to her friends. I now think that I have satisfied your inquiries. Wherefore, if I can only obtain this from you, that you will gratify me by writing again, I will cease to give you any further trouble. Farewell. London, Nov. 13. Your much attached, THOMAS NORTON. LETTER CLXVI HIEROME MASSARIUS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basle, Dec. 21, 1553. I WAS lately at Strasburgh, where I saw and spoke to your son : I inquired after his health, and what company he kept. He frequently visits master Zanchy, from whom I had an excellent account of the youth ; and when I took my leave, I told him that I was about to go to Zurich, and that I would convey thither any letters he might have to send. [1 The duchess of Somerset remained in the Tower during the whole of king Edward's reign. In 1553, £100. was assigned her out of the profits of the hite duke's lands, to be paid to the lieutenant of the Tower for her use. And bishop Hoper, formerly the duke's chap- lain, was allowed to visit her. Btrype, Mem. ii. ii. 8.] CLXVI.] HIE ROME MASSARIUS TO HENRY BULLINGER. 343 He gave me the inclosed, and at the same time requested me, should I meet with a courier at Basle, to forward them by him, as I told him that I intended to go to Berne previously to my visiting Zurich. I therefore send them. I shall leave this place for Berne in about four days, and after staying there two or three days, I shall proceed straight to Zurich, that I may enjoy the dehghtful society of you all for some little time. But enough of this. Masters Peter Martyr and Zanchy affectionately salute you. There is no good news from England. We have heard by letter that the most godly archbishop of Canterbury is condemned, first of all to be hung, and then quartered as a traitor 2 to the queen''s majesty. All the sons of the duke of Northumberland have also been condemned, and those too of the duke of Suffolk, together with that same Jane who was proclaimed queen; but whether any of them have yet suffered, we do not certainly know. The day before I left Strasburgh, all the baggage of Peter Martyr arrived there by the favour of God, and I hope that he will again obtain a most honourable appointment from the magistrates. He had hired a house, which he was daily supplying with various furniture, in expectation of the aid and calling of the Lord. Public prayers have been had every day for the English church; and it is ascertaiued that queen Mary^, the sister of the em- peror, is on her way to Calais, whither also that most ungodly Jezebel of England is about to come. It is the general as- sertion that a marriage has taken place between the king of Spain and Jezebel ; and though this was not allowed by the papal laws, it is said that the pope has consented to it upon this condition, that he himself be again recognised as the supreme head of the church in England. We must therefore use dihgent prayer on behalf of that miserable and almost ruined church. Farewell, and love me, and salute, I pray you, master Gualter in my name. Basle, December 21, 1553. Yours heartily, HIEROME MASSARIUS. [2 Abp. Cranmer pleaded guilty of high treason on Nov. 13, 1553. The queen, however, pardoned his treason that he might be burned as a heretic, which he was adjudged to be on the 3rd of May following. See Strype, Cranmer, 458. Burnet, in. 341. Soames, iv. 91.] [3 Queen Mary was the widow of Lewis II., king of Hungary. She was appointed regent of the Low Countries, and died in 1558.] 344 JOHN BYRCHMAN TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER CLXVIL JOHN BYRCHMAN TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated Dec. 10, 1549. Most accomplished master Bullinger, I have received yom- letter which was very gratifying to me : I should have answered it by my corrector [of the press] whom I sent to master Froschover, if I had received it sooner. If master Froschover needed any exhortation, I could wish for your assistance in printing the Enghsh bible : my good friends in England are very importunate, and desirous of its completion. For the emperor had strongly urged upon the English am- bassadors the settling a form of religion agreeable to the Interimistic doctrine. But upon due consideration they con- firmed by public decrees throughout the kingdom the form established by master Bucer. He had been attacked with very severe illness, but is now recovered, and in the enjoy- ment of great authority and estimation among the people of London. I have not heard any thing of the Pole, Florian. The maritime cities are urgent with those of Hamburgh, Lubeck, and Luneburgh, respecting an accommodation with the cities of Bremen and Magdeburgh ; but nothing will be done, unless they come to an agreement about religion. If your reverence has any thing to tell me about the newly elected pope^ do not refuse me the information. All persons here seem to be in doubt about him. The emperor has changed his intention, and means to celebrate his birthday at Brussels. He is preparing for a journey into Italy. We are expecting your letter to our archbishop, and also your book, and that of Calvin. Peter Martyr has pubhshed in forty-three pages his disputation^ concerning the sacrament of the eucharist, held at the university of Oxford in England. I would have sent it, had I a messenger who was going to Basle. I have given this letter to master Froschover, that he [1 Namely, pope Julius III., who was elected Feb. 7, 1550. His predecessor, Paul IH., died Nov. 10, 1549.] [2 For an account of this disputation see Foxe, vi. 298. Strype, Cranmer, 283.] CLXVII.] JOHN BYRCHMAN TO HENRY BULLINGER. 345 may arrange the finishing of the bible as soon as possible. Salute all our friends. Yours heartily, JO. BYRCHMAK LETTER CEXVIII. WILLIAM SALKYNS^ TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Nov. 26, [1554.] Having met with so opportune a messenger, most reve- rend father, to whom I might very conveniently entrust a letter for your reverence, I cannot by any means neglect so favourable an occasion of writing ; but will Avrite by him ac- cording to my capacity, and detain your prudence, for the time you are reading this, from those matters of far greater importance, in which you are always occupied. And herein I must pray you to excuse my freedom ; for I can neither consign to oblivion the extreme kindness with which you en- tertained me when I was at Zurich, nor anywise refrain from speaking about my master in whose service I now am. The former topic indeed demands a grateful recollection and re- membrance, which I hope never to lay aside. And of the latter my duty requires me to say somewhat at this time, and to endeavour now to obtain from your piety, by letter, what I could not so readily accomplish in words when I was with you. For your telhng me that from the long intimacy that formerly existed between you and my master, Richard Hilles, you felt inchned to write to him, has very often come into my mind since I left you. For I thus thought with myself : if master Bullinger, who has so much influence, and is so famous for learning, would insert in the letter, which he intends to write to my master, a few words upon fleeing from the abomination of the mass, (by the frequenting of which in England my master is now placing his soul in jeopardy ^) the result would [3 William Salkyns was the servant of Richard Hilles.] [* It is a cui'ious circumstance that Richard Hilles brings precisely the same charge against one of his servants, above, p. 218.] 346 WILLIAM SALKYNS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. be, that either convinced by liis argument, or moved by ancient friendship, (which I know has very great weight with him,) he will yield to his exhortation above all others, and consider how he can flee away from such abominable idolatry. I thought too, that your piety would perhaps effect this object without any hint from myself; but on account of my duty and obligation to my master, the love I bear him, and the great anxiety I shall labour under, until I see him extricated and dehvered from these defilements, I could not but especially bear the matter in mind, and now, most reverend sir, recall it to your remembrance. To which end I implore and entreat you by Almighty God, that when you write to him, you will not forget this ; and I would wish you so to write, that no suspicion may fall upon myself as having persuaded you to do so. But when you have finished what you have to say, I will take care that the letter shall be safely conveyed to him with all diligence. Farewell. May the great and gracious God long preserve your piety to his glory and the good of his church ! Strasburgh. From the house of Peter Martyr, Nov. 26, [1554.] Your most devoted, WILLIAM SALKYNS, Servant of master Richard Hilles. LETTER CLXIX. WILLIAM SALKYNS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, Dec. 29, 1554. Your two letters, reverend father, written both to my master and to myself, I received, as the saying is, in the very nick of time ; for to-morrow, God willing, I purpose to go to Antwerp, whence I will take care that your letters, which otherwise must have been given in charge to some one else, shall be conveniently and safely forwarded. Your letters then were most gratifying to me on two accounts, both by reason of the opportuneness of their arrival, as also of the great and abundant advantage which I certainly hope will be CLXIX.] WILLIAM SALKYNS TO HENRY BULLINGER. 347 the result. And while I acknowledge this as a singular token of your kindness, so I doubt not but that the great and good God will abundantly recompense you, as it is far beyond my power. But your wishes will be quite satisfied when your letter has answered the end for which you wrote it, and has produced that effect which we both of us so much desired, and which will be salutary to him^. In future, however, if you should kindly think fit to write to him, you can send it most conveniently to Christopher Goodman, at the house of master doctor Peter Martyr ; and he will take care to for- ward it, whatever it be, to me at Antwerp. I shall henceforth make use of his assistance, in communicating such news as may occur there, and which it may be desirable for you to know. Your reverence asks me for news from England : many events have occurred, though of a very painful and distressing character, yet such as the wisdom of God may make use of both for the setting forth of his glory, and the greater conso- lation of the godly in time to come. Cardinal Pole 2, the legate of antichrist, was some time since received in England, after the popish fashion, with great pomp and solemnity, in the presence of Phihp the Anglo-Spanish king, with his queen Mary, at Paul's cross, a most celebrated place in the middle of London ; where Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, preached a sermon^ before a great concourse of people of all ranks, in which with an impudent and shameless forehead he maintained the supremacy of the pope which he had formerly impugned^, and asked forgiveness (as he said) for his previous error. But when the cardinal addressed the queen, and no human lan- guage occurred to him worthy of such a woman, he did not scruple to pervert the holy language of scripture ; but ad- dressed the queen on his first interview in the same words [1 Namely, Richard Hilles. See the preceding letter.] [2 For an account of the proceedings on cardinal Pole's arrival as legate, and the subsequent submission of England to the pope's au- thority, see Foxe, vi. 567, &c. Strype, Mem. iii. i. 246. Burnet, 11. 453. Soames, iv. 256.] [3 A full account of this sermon is given in Foxe, vi. 577.] [4 Namely, in his book, De vera Obedientia, published in 1534, to justify the parliament in giving the king the title of supremo head of the church. See Strype, Mem. i. i. 264. Foxe, vi. 13D, vil. 594.] 348 WILLIAM SALKYNS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. with which the angel saluted the mother of God, and thus the monstrous flatterer begun : " Hail, Marj, full of grace, &c." Shortly after they introduced the primacy of the pope, and proclaimed Pole archbishop of Canterbury, chief primate of England, and introduced him into the senate, or, as we say, the parliament, where the aforesaid bishop of Winchester de- manded, with fox-like cunning, the pope's pardon and indul- gence for all the peers, who were then disgracefully prostrated at the feet of the cardinal, of which however he said they were wholly undeserving. The queen is said for certain to be pregnant. Philip is not yet crowned, nor is it thought that he will be during this parliament, which will shortly be dissolved, and a new one appointed in due time, in which the papists are in great confidence of obtaining the accomplishment of all that remains for them to wish for. Many individuals are daily committed to prison, and the bishops are still confined in the same place. I have heard from persons worthy of credit, and who have received the information by letter, that the emperor is about to go to Spain, and there wait for the last extremity; but that Philip will come to Flanders, and remain there. This is what I now have to communicate. Should I hear any thing more favourable, I will not fail to let you know. Farewell, most reverend sir, and take in good part this my writing. Stras- burgh, Dec. 28. W. S. LETTER CLXX. FRANCIS DRYANDERi TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Cambridge, March 25, 1549. Shortly before I left Strasburgh, I acquainted you with my intended journey. I have not written in the mean while, \} Francis Enzinas, known also by the names of Dryander and Duchesne, was born at Burgos about 1515. He became a scholar of Mclancthon, and translated the New Testament into Spanish in 1542; for which he was imprisoned, but after fifteen months made his es- cape, and fled to Calvin at Geneva. He came to England in 1548, to avoid the persecution occasioned by the Interim, and brought with CLXX.] FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 349 as I had no opportunity of sending a letter ; and I employed the greatest part of my time in travelling, a thing which was indeed very irksome to me, till at length, after being long tossed about, I have fixed my abode in this university, where I am Greek professor, in which situation I endeavour to bestow tolerable diligence and fidehty. As I have now therefore some breathing-time, and an opportunity is afforded me of sending a letter by persons going to the Franli:fort fair, I have resolved to write to you, that I may renew our ancient friendship, and give you a motive for writing in return. I am indeed personally separated from you by a long distance, but in mind, in studies, in religious opinion, I am truly most united. For to pass over the religious teach- ing, in which you excel, I have always ascribed to you the praise of integrity and faithfulness ; and wherever I am, I do not fail to set them forth, as virtues which I find wanting in many other nations. But I am of opinion that I am placed in this corner by the especial counsel of God, that I may be preserved for some space of time safe from those snares which tyrants laid for me, even when I was at Basle. But I am in the hand of God, who can every where preserve his own ; and I ought to render him this obedience, that I may always be ready to depart from hence, whenever I shall be summoned by our Captain. With respect to the public state of this kingdom, you must know, that the parhament is just ended, in which I understand that, by the common act of both houses, the lord admiral, the brother of the lord pro- tector, who was said to have been in various ways guilty of treason, was condemned, and he is also beheaded. I hear also that a praiseworthy reformation has taken place in matters of religion : it has not yet seen the light, but its promulgation is daily expected. It is generally reported that the mass is abolished, and liberty of marriage allowed to the clergy : which two I consider to be the principal heads of the entire reformation, the object of which, as I think, is not to form an entire body of christian doctrine, and to deliver a fixed and positive opinion without any ambiguity upon each article, him letters of commendation from Melancthon to king Edward, and Cranmer, by whom, as Strype says, (but which seems to be contra- dicted by this letter,) he was placed at Oxford. See Strype, Cranmer, 580, Mem. ii. i. 188.] 350 FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. but is entirely directed to the right institution of public wor- ship in churches. I hear that there was a great dispute among the bishops about transubstantiation; all which things were managed in secret, lilve the mysteries of Eleusis, as it would have been impious to communicate such great mysteries to lay-men. I think however that, by a resolution not to be blamed, some puerilities have been still suffered to remain, lest the people should be offended by too great an innovation. These however, trifling as they are, may shortly be amended. But I can say nothing for certain, until I am better informed of the facts. As soon as the act shall be published, I will send it you, if it be in Latin; if not, I will give you an account of every article. You can relate these things to master Hooper, to whom I will now write, if time permit. But I wish he would perform the duty he owes to his country, which is sadly distressed at this time for want of good preachers. And in a calling the most honourable of all others, to lend one's aid to the churches is the duty of a man not only of eminent talent, but of heroic courage; and I think he would do this with dignity. Salute in my name master Pellican and the rest of the brethren, in whose prayers I desire the whole course of my life to be commended to God. Farewell. Cambridge, March 25, 1549. Yours heartily, FKANCIS DRYANDER. LETTER CLXXI. FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Cambridge, June 5, 1549. I WROTE to you lately, before the reformation of the churches was pubhcly known. A book^ has now been pubHshed, a month or two back, which the English churches received with the greatest satisfaction. A compendium of this book written in Latin I send to master Vadian, on the condition of [1 Namely, tho first book of Common Prayer. See Liturgies of Edward VI. Tarker Socict/s Edit.] CLXXI.] FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 351 his communicating it to you. You will see that the summary of doctrine cannot be found fault with, although certain ceremonies are retained in that book which may appear use- less, and perhaps hurtful, unless a candid interpretation be put upon them. But in the cause of religion, which is the most important of all in the whole world, I think that every kind of deception either by ambiguity or trickery of language is altogether unwarrantable. You will also find something to blame in the matter of the Lord's supper ; for the book speaks very obscurely, and however you may try to explain it with candour, you cannot avoid great absurdity. The reason is, that the bishops could not of a long time agree among themselves respecting this article, and it was a long and earnest dispute among them whether transubstantiation should be estabhshed or rejected. You perceive therefore by this certain proof, that there are no true and solid principles of doctrine in these men, who take a great deal of pains about the most minute and even absurd matters, and neglect those points on which they ought chiefly to have bestowed their attention. But this is the fate of the church, that the majority overpower the better part ; and though many things may be improved, there are nevertheless some causes of offence still remaining. Meanwhile this reformation must not be counted hghtly of; in this kingdom especially, where there existed heretofore in the public formularies of doctrine true popery without the name. Anabaptists, and other fanatical spirits, are now beginning to shew themselves, and will occasion much trouble to the church ; so that we shall ever be in this Hfe under the cross and in a state of most painful disquiet. Bucer and Paul Fagius have arrived here in safety. They are at this present time in the palace of the archbishop of Canterbury, and will come hither within two months to give lectures in divinity. I lately wrote to masters Bibliander and Gesner, whom salute diligently in my name, together with masters Pellican and Frisius. Farewell. Cam- bridge, June 5, 1549. Yours heartily, FRANCIS DRYANDER. >52 FRANCIS DRYANDER TO JOACHIM VADIAN. [lET. LETTER CLXXII. FRANCIS DRYANDER TO JOACHIM VADIAN. Dated at Cambridge, June 5, 1549. Greeting. As no possession in life is more valuable than the friendship of good men, it should be preserved and strengthened with great diligence ; and no distance of place ought either to prevent the intercourse and connexion of the good, or to diminish their mutual good-will. For my own part, indeed, most learned Vadian, I retain in mind the most entire and perfect remembrance of you, although you are absent, nor will the most dehghtful recollection of so dear a friend ever perish from my memory. The same I ask from you, and by the right of kindness and friendship, which you cannot neglect without deserved reproof. You have long since, I suppose, learned the state of things in this country from master Hierome : I now send you the public reformation of religious doctrine which has been effected in this kingdom ; in which though you may desire a more judicious and atten- tive consideration of some important matters, you will never- theless be tolerably satisfied with the true setting forth of the principal articles of religion. I wish this letter to be com- municated also to master Bullinger, that he too may under- stand, not from general report, but from the truth itself, the alteration that has taken place in England in respect to religion. Should there be any more news, I will send you word. The Germans are allowed to have their own church and preachers in London, where there are said to be four thousand of that nation. Musculus could most ably undertake this ecclesiastical charge, to the great advantage both of himself and of the state. I know what he replied to Ber- nardino's letter, when he invited him to England in the name of the archbishop of Canterbury ; and in my opinion he rephed very prudently. But I do not consider that the office of preaching and administration of the sacraments to his fellow countrymen would be attended with any incon- venience. If he feels inclined to a situation of this kind, upon being informed of it 1 will point out the most eligible way. But I write this for no other reason than because I CLXXII.] FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 353 wish well both to him and to the community. Farewell, with all our godly friends, and let me have from your letters some certain information respecting the state of Switzerland. Cam- bridge, June 5, 1549. Yours heartily, FRANCIS DRYANDER. LETTER CLXXIII. FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basle, Dec. 3, 1549. As I hear many reports are here circulated no less painful than groundless, both respecting the realm of England itself, and also our own countrymen, who are professors of learning and religion in that country; I have thought it my duty to deliver you from all anxiety, as I have already done to the people at Basle. It was the persuasion of many persons here, that Bernardine and Bucer had been apprehended together with the lord protector of the kingdom, and that with him the entire form of rehgion which they had established a short time before, had fallen to the ground. But this is not the fact. I was a spectator of the whole calamity, and not only I saw the external and wretched appearance of the change; but the purposes of the leaders are well known to me, and I will, by God's blessing, acquaint you with them in person, when the times shall be more quiet. I affirm this, meanwhile, of Bernardine and Bucer, that in my opinion they never hved more happily or usefully than at this time. For Bernardine employs his whole time in writing, and this too with a force and rapidity, as he tells me, beyond what he ever did before ; and he has a son lately born, in whom he takes great de- light. Bucer is created regius professor of divinity, and, as he is now nearly restored to his former health, was to go to Cambridge a day or two after my departure. I say too, that religion is now in a better condition than it was before the imprisonment of the protector. For I have seen a pubhc edict proclaimed by royal authority, and printed, in which is not only confirmed the reformation of which I sent you an account, but it declares that some other matters, yet r 1 23 [ZURICH LETTERS. III. J 354 FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. untouched, shall be reformed according to the tenor of the gospel. This is the truth; and on the fifth of November I was at Lambeth with the archbishop of Canterbury and Bucer, on which day both our public and private affairs were in the same state as I now describe. What has taken place since I know not, nor do I think that either the people of Basle or Zurich can know. For I came as quickly as ■ any one could do, and for no other reason, but that I might publish here this winter' what I had written in England, having meanwhile left my family at Cambridge; to whom, by God's blessing, I shall return at the beginning of spring. I wished you to know these things, as being the true state of the case. I would write yet more, if time permitted, or I did not think it better to defer them till my arrival. For I long to see you, whom I have always acknowledged, and in many places openly declared, to be true ministers of God; and to be refreshed with you by the mutual communication of our faith. Salute all the brethren and the church at large in my name. Farewell. Basle, Dec. 3, 1549. Yours heartily, FRANCIS DRYANDER. LETTER CLXXIV. FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, May 2, 1552. Although I do not often write to you, I can truly declare that my regard for you is the same as ever. And if I thought there were any occasion, I could prove this by a variety of- reasons. For both your eminent virtues and admirable doctrine deserve the perpetual favour of all good men, and teach honourable persons to make a prudent choice of characters whom they may love, and to retain their friend- ship. And had not these troubles of war kept me at home, it was my intention to have visited you, and to have refreshed my mind, languishing as it is after long continued exertion, by communion with you. But I must remain at my post, and to^^ether with the commonwealth encounter the dansjer that CLXXIV.] FRANCIS DRYANDER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 355 seems to be impending, unless it be by God's mercy averted from us. Since therefore the young Paul Fagius, the son of that most learned man of most honourable memory, is in- tending to go to Zurich, I determined to write you a short letter, to renew our ancient friendship, and to commend the youth to your friendly notice. He has within these few days arrived from England, in which country he devoted himself to learning; and you may learn from him some particulars respecting the state of that kingdom, which would not per- haps be mentioned in your other correspondence. And since schools here are not very numerous, he intends, by the advice of his friends, to enter himself at your school, to be there instructed in literature and rehgion. You will provide there- fore, with your usual kindness, that he may be placed in some good situation, where he may be able to make much progress both in learning and godhness. He would wish to lodge with master Gualter, who would willingly, I think, afford him room in his house. You will learn from the young man what is going on here ; and if God shall grant us some tranquillity, I will either come to you, or write more copiously. Meanwhile, I only say that the prediction which you vrrote me at Basle respecting Frisius, has turned out most true. But I was deceived by the appearance of piety which I thought was in the man, since experience has taught me that nothing could be more impious than he was. Salute in my name masters Pellican, Bibliander, Gesner, Lelius, and our other friends. Farewell. Strasburgh, May 2, 1552. Yours heartily, FRANCIS DRYANDER. LETTER CLXXV. FRANCIS WARNER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, July 8, [1543]. Grace and peace in the Lord! When I heard from master Richard Hilles the great desire that you sometimes feel, most accomplished sir, to be informed of what is going on in foreign parts, and among our English more especially ; and when he urged me to acquaint you by letter with the 23—2 356 FRANCIS WARNER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. disgraceful events that have very lately taken place among my countrymen; I much hesitated to do so at first, as being well aware of the rashness of the undertaking in a man like me, of no learning or talent, presuming to address by letter you who have long been placed on so high a pinnacle of learning and popular reputation. But after he had fully as- sured me of your easy access and courtesy of manners, exhibited towards persons even of the lowest station and condition of life ; and when you had also yourself (in your last letter to him, wherein you so kindly salute me) afforded a sufficient evidence of your kindness; I am at length overpowered, and impelled both by his request and the state of existuig circum- stances to take upon myself this office. For the fact itself seemed to both of us not unworthy of notice, and I considered it too very greatly to the interest of my countrymen and the church at large, that you, and those like you, should be acquainted with it. For inasmuch as, with the Lord's bless- ing, the most excellent means of protection are afforded to us by Almighty God against all storms of all times, one of which is your good opinion, the other, the imploring of divine aid; the relation of this tragedy may perhaps conduce in no ordinary degree to our obtaining both of these with more advantage and effect : inasmuch as when the enemies of the gospel are pointed out, and the devices, and weapons, and mode of attack of our adversaries are altogether laid open, it will be more easy to determine, upon due consideration, how to oppose them ; and we shall also be more ardently excited to the conflict, when we know that such bitter and shameless opponents are yet remaining ; and again, when we see before us the recent calamity of the church, we shall be greatly stirred up to implore from Christ in its behalf, a deliverance from these evils and anxieties ; which may God of his good pleasure grant to it in due time! Amen. But now to come to the thing itself: you will receive herewith inclosed a certain proclamation^ fixed up in public, in which the reading of holy scripture is forbidden to men [1 In the "-4c«/br the advancement of true religion, and the abolish- ment of the contrary,^' it was provided that every nobleman and gentle- man might have the bible read in their houses ; and that noble ladies, and gentlewomen, and merchants, might read it themselves ; but no men or women under those degrees. Strype. Cranm. 142.] CLXXV.] FRANCIS WARNER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 357 of a certain rank. I had intended to have translated this decree verbatim into Latin, and have done so, with the omis- sion of some adulatory matter, as far as the thirteenth sec- tion; but when I had proceeded thus far, I perceived that for want of time, and by reason of my slowness in matters of business, I was unable to pursue my design as I had intended ; (for the printed copy did not reach me till Thurs- day, when I was so engaged in other matters by reason of the fair, that I had hardly leisure to transcribe it ;) so that I am obliged only to give you the sura and substance of the remaining sections. It is now your place, with your wonted courtesy, to take these things in good part ; and should there be any thing unpolished, obscure, or savouring of a solecism, (as there probably will be,) to excuse it. Farewell. You are saluted, together with your wife, by master Kichard Hilles and his wife, from whom you will receive a pair of knives for your wife, which master Henry Falkner will de- liver to you. In haste. Strasburgh, July 8, [1543.] Yours, FRANCIS WARNER, Anglus. LETTER CLXXVI. THOMAS KNIGHT TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Venice, Jan. 23, 1547. Health in Christ. As I know, reverend and godly father, that you are not an ordinary acquaintance, but a most especial friend, of master Richard Hilles the English- man ; I have thought it right, in case the EngUshman John Burcher, an inhabitant of your city, has not yet returned from his journey to England, to commit to your care this small portmanteau, that it may reach the aforesaid Richard with greater safety and dispatch. Should you have paid any thing for the carriage, John Burcher will repay it upon his return. The gospel is daily preached here with greater purity than in any other places in Italy; and it is ordained by a decree of the senate, that a sermon shall be preached every day in the Palazzo maggiore, during the approaching Lent, 358 THOMAS KNIGHT TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. a thing that has never been seen since the foundation of the city. The number of the faithful is daily increasing more and more. Your commentaries are daily becoming more esteemed by the Italians ; and, were they not so bulky and expensive, no books would meet with a better sale. It will be therefore an act of kindness on your part to continue writing, and to bring forth out of the treasures of your abundance those rare spiritual gifts for that little flock, hungry and thirsting as it is. Should there be any news, you will obtain it from the bearer of this letter. May the Lord, who has chosen you as our pious and faithful pastor, long happily preserve you to us, and grant that we may at length reach together the promised land! Commend me, I earnestly pray you, to Christ, with your other friends. Venice, Jan. 23, 1547. Your humble son, and servant to command, THOMAS KNIGHT, Anglus, Bookseller. P.S. You will receive together with this parcel a cask marked with the name of Richard. You will have the kind- ness to endeavour that it may be forwarded to him by means of some of your friends. You will not receive the jar of figs at this present time, because there was not room for it in the carrier's chest ; so I only send you by him a small parcel marked with the two letters R. H. LETTER CLXXVII. RICHARD MASTERS TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Oxford, June 14, 1551. Though I have not replied, my dear friend, to your so frequent appeals as well by your friendly letters, as by your repeated salutations, I cannot plead my occupations as an excuse for my not having performed that duty ; but you must rather impute it to my being unaccustomed, not to say un- skilled in writing, and not to any forgetfulness of you. For I was afraid, unlearned as I am, to intrude upon a man so learned and accomplished as yourself with my unpolished letters. At length, however, I have divested myself of this CLXXVII.] RICHARD MASTERS TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 359 rustic shamefacedness, as I esteem your sincerity and candour more than I fear my own rudeness of style. You request, and from your kindness towards me readily obtain, that I should inform you of my state and condition. You must know then that, after the lapse of a year or two from your departure hence ^ to your friends at home, a very lucra- tive benefice was procured for me, which, to speak plainly, because I was not well qualified for the function of a good clergyman, both from my want of sufl[icient acquaintance with the word of God, and of the duties connected therewith, and also because popery, however it was abolished in name, still flourished among us in reality, I decidedly refused, and resigned into the hands of the patron. Since that time I have devoted myself for ten successive years to the study of medicine, and am now maintaining myself by the practice of it, having become, from a bad divine, a tolerably good physician, like the person mentioned by Augustme, as having become from a bad monk a good divine. But I have not so entirely taken leave of theology, as not to welcome from my heart, value, and dehght in, whatever the most godly Bullinger and his like-minded disciple, Gualter, may write. I had intended to have written to you long ago, but have been unable to do so from having been detained in my native place, and at a distance from Oxford, by a quartan ague of three months continuance; in addition to which, after I had recovered my usual health, my worthy father fell into the like disease, and at length died at the age of sixty 2. John ab Ulmis, having lately met with an opportune messenger, at the same time that he informed me of him, has also reminded me of my promise, or rather of my duty ; so that I could not allow him to come to you empty, and without a letter, which I doubt not will be gratifying to you, inasmuch as it has pro- ceeded from a heart full of kindness, and which prays for you every happiness. I was eagerly expecting the arrival of your relative, and hoping that from this circumstance some oppor- tunity w^ould arise of doing you a service : but as he is now traveUing elsewhere, there is no means by which you can make experiment of my love towards you. Your countrymen are in excellent health, and highly esteemed by all good men for [1 R. Gualter visited England in 1537.] [2 A few words are here illegible in the MS.] 360 RICHARD MASTERS TO KODOLPH GUALTER. [lET. their probity of life and conduct : among whom John ab Ulmis, who is as it were their leader, is removed from our society into the king's college, and distinguished by the degree of bachelor in arts ; and, I believe, will shortly take his master's degree, so that he may now be called an incepting master. This individual is a most active defender of the true rehgion, and a valiant opponent of that which is false; and is not only known to be such in college, but also at court, where he is placed in so honourable a situation by the marquis of Dorset, that it is easier to imagine than express, how greatly he values him for the. sake of religion. But now, as I am called away elsewhere, I must bid you farewell, and pray God long to preserve you in safety to his church. Oxford, June 14, 1551. Yours heartily, MASTERS. LETTER CLXXVIII AUGUSTINE BERNHER^ TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Baxterley, May 31, 1552. Health in the Son of God ! Our friend John ab Ulmis being about to return to his native country, earnestly entreats me to write to you ; and he is so urgent, that without being considered as regardless of my duty, or as wanting in grati- tude, I am altogether unable to refuse comphance. Your kindness to me, as long as I lived at Zurich with my most revered preceptor, master Wolfius, was exceeding great, and [1 Augustin Bernher was in the household of bishop Latimer, whose sermons he pubhshed with a preface. He was greatly service- able to the martyrs in queen Mary's reign, in the letters of whom he is often mentioned. Robert Glover in his last letter to his wife and children, before his martyrdom, wrote : "As Christ committed his mo- ther to John, so I commit you in this world to the angel of God, Augustine Bernher." He was instrumental in saving the life of bishop Jewel in the Marian persecution; during which period he, together with Seamier, afterwards bishop of Peterborough, Bentham, afterwards bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, John Rough, a martyr, and some others, acted as pastor of a congregation in London. In the reign of Elizabeth he obtained a living in the country, called Sutton, [Southam,] and died in peace. Strype, Mem. m. i. 227, &c. ii. 132.] CLXXVIIL] AUGUSTINE BERNHER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 361 I am fully sensible of the obligation. But I am now indebted to you more than ever, for your having so diligently and so lovingly commended my sister's son Alexander ^ to some noble personages. I would have you, most learned sir, be entirely persuaded, that without any exception of time or place I shall never cease, as long as I live, my endeavours to promote your interests. I should make this promise more at length, if I thought you could entertain any doubt of my sincerity and gratitude, or if I did not choose to prove it by deeds rather than by a bare assertion. You will fully learn from my friend John my circumstances in life, and the nature of my studies. My master, doctor Latimer, had intended to write to you, but he has to-morrow to undertake a long and arduous journey, so that the excellent old man, and your most loving friend, is unable to send you a letter at tliis time ; but he especially commands me to salute you in his name as honourably and lovingly as possible. Lastly, farewell, and continue your regard for us, namely, Alexander and myself. May God the Father of mercy and loving-kindness faithfully reward you in the last day ; and I heartily pray and beseech him long to preserve you in health and safety. Again and again farewell. Dated at Baxterley in England, May 21, 1552. Your most attached, AUGUSTINE BERNHER. Helvetus. LETTER CLXXIX. MATTHEW PARKER AND WALTER HADDON TO THE GUARDIANS OF MARTIN BUCER'S CHILDREN. Dated at Cambridge, 155L Forasmuch as master Martin Bucer, of happy memory, when he was dying, committed to our fidelity some particulars of his last will, and appointed us his executors ; we, having had due regard to every thing, as far as time and cir- cumstances allowed, have made so much progress in that business, as that we doubt not but that we have satisfied our duties and our consciences. And should your worships desire [2 This was probably Alexander Schmutz, of whom see Strypc, Mem. II. i. 534.] 362 MATTHEW PARKER AND WALTER HADDON, &C. [lET. any farther information upon the case, you will easily ascer- tain the facts by an inspection of the respective portions into which the property has been divided. But now, since the widow is about to be with you, we have transferred our authority to her; and we have no doubt but that as a mother she will love her children, and that as a wife she will observe inviolate the last will of her husband. We therefore present her to you, together with all the property, and authority to administer the will; that, as we have appHed all our diligence to the utmost, yours may follow, and guard this entire will of that worthy and most excellent man, master Bucer, perfect and inviolate in all its parts ; this we ourselves have done to the extent of our power, and we feel persuaded that you will do the same. If any other points require a separate con- sideration, they will appear in the minute accounts which we have made out for this purpose, that, as far as the hurry of Bucer's wife's departure has permitted us, we might leave the whole affair as clear as possible. Farewell, our worthy masters in Christ. In England, Cambridge, a.d. 1551. Your worships' loving friends, MATTHEW PARKER, WALTER HADDON. THE EXECUTORS' ACCOUNT OF BUCER'S PROPERTY. The total amount, exclusive of the things not sold or valued, as on the other side, is £380. Various items ^ are stated from whence this sum was obtained, as stipend, sale of library, S^c. Then tvjo or three small legacies are set against this. The account then proceeds as follows : Account of goods which were not sold, but taken home. Two green carpets. Two long bolsters full of feathers. A red counterpane. All the vessels of tin, weighing xxiv lb. Five brazen pots. A large brass kettle. Eight copper covers. A mortar. Three copper shaving-pots. Two j)ans of copper. Four upper coverlets, with feathers. Tlu-ee large, and six smaller pillows. Four bolsters. Five counterpanes, two red, the others green. Two green cloths for covering benches. Twenty-six pairs of sheets. Twenty napkins. Twenty-one towels. Thirty table-cloths. Two black trunks, adapted for journeys. Thi'ee long gowns. Two shorter vests, one trimmed with fur. Two pair of hose. Three doublets. A cloke. \} The particulars of these sums are not given in the transcript.] CLXXX.] THE WIDOW OF BUCER TO ARCHBISHOP CRANMER. 363 LETTER CLXXX. THE WIDOW OF BDCER TO ARCPIBISHOP CRANMER^. [Before April 20, 1552.] I HEARTILY implore for your reverence the grace and favour of God the Father through our Lord Jesus Christ. Although the rank and dignity of your reverence would greatly deter me from writing, yet the exceeding benefits bestowed by your reverence both upon my husband in his life-time, and on myself since his decease, prevent the pos- sibiHty of my being silent, unless I would be branded with ingratitude. But though I am unable to recount them as they deserve, or worthily to praise them, I nevertheless thank God, and daily implore him on behalf of your reverence, that he who is most rich and most powerful, may regard you with his unexhausted goodness and in- finite beneficence. I remember, most reverend prelate, that when I was yet in England, your reverence promised me some document in writing, whereby the gift of his most serene majesty would be confirmed to myself alone, and remain undivided : which indeed seems just and proper, foras- much as the civil law and statutes allow of the division only of such property as is proved to have been in the possession of the testator previous to his decease ; while that which is given after his death, ought of right to remain entire and in- violate to the party on whom it is bestowed. Since therefore your reverence has promised me this document, and I am in hopes that by its authority and efiicacy I may be able to obtain for myself and my Httle daughter, who very greatly needs it, the donation of his most serene majesty ; I beg and implore your reverence to send it me either by Kichard Hilles, or in any other way. For if I can procure it, I am in hopes of retaining this donation for mine own use and that of my little girl, which otherwise cannot be effected as being contrary to the laws of our government. But I would not have your reverence suspect that I am seeking this from any motives of avarice, or of envy towards the other heirs, but solely for this reason, that I may be able to aid and supply the slender means and wants of my little girl, who inherits the smallest portion of her father's property, and who has [2 For Abp. Cranmer's reply to this letter, see above. Letter XVI. and also Letter CCXCIX. in Cranmer's Works, Vol. ii. p. 434. Park. Soc. Ed.] 364 THE WIDOW OF BUCER TO ARCHBISHOP CRANMER. [lET. scarcely sufficient to provide her with a decent education and the necessaries of hfe. For the other children have mostly arrived at such an age, that (to say nothing of their having inherited a far greater patrimony than my little daughter) they may easily gain a livelihood for themselves. Wherefore 1 again entreat your reverence, that you will take up this cause, and forward me the required document as soon as possible; for which favour, as for all others, you shall always find me grateful, and constantly praying God on your behalf. May the Lord God deign to defend your reverence from all evil, and enrich you with all good things ! Amen. LETTER CLXXXI. ULRIC CHELIUS AND CONRAD HUBERT TO MATTHEW PARKER AND WALTER HADDON. Dated at Strasburgh, June 20, 1553. We have to inform you, that after the return to us from England of the honourable matron Wibrandis, widow of the late excellent Martin Bucer, a careful account was taken of all the property that he left behind him ; after which, according to the municipal law and custom of the state of Strasburgh, a division was made in favour of those parties to whom the inheritance belonged. For which reason both of us having been nominated, I, Ulric Chelius, as guardian to Ehzabeth, daughter of the said Martin Bucer, and I, Conrad Hubert, guardian of Nathanael, son of the said Martin Bucer, we ac- knowledge by this letter to have received that portion which is due to our wards, and to be divided between them by right of inheritance, and that we are therewith well satisfied. Wherefore, reverend sirs, who are appointed executors by Martin Bucer, of happy memory, as far as we are concerned, we release you and others of your trust by this present acquittance, which we have sealed with our seals. Moreover, both of us guardians, together with Windelicius Kichelius, the trustee of the widow, most earnestly request your kindness to endeavour, with the same dihgence that you have hitherto employed, that the remainder of the debt, which has duly been ascertained by us, may be discharged and forwarded to us at the earliest opportunity : by which you will do us a most acceptable service, and one which shall be requited in due time. Farewell. Strasburgh, June 20, 1553. CLXXXII.] JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMiS.] 365 LETTER CLXXXir. JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [AB ULMIS.] Dated at Strasburgh, Nov. 20, 1553. To your very kind letter, my worthy John, which I re- ceived on the 18th of September, I now make a brief reply, as I am occupied by various engagements. And first of all, as you desire, I will touch upon the state of England. The most godly Josiah, our earthly hope, died on the 6th of July ; of consumption, as the physicians assert ; by poison, according to common report, for this is rumoured by the papists for the purpose of exciting a general hatred against Northumberland : nor, to tell the truth, were there wanting many and strong suspicions : but still, if I may say what I think, I believe the papists ^ themselves to have been the authors of so great wickedness ; for they have expressed no signs of sorrow, and no inquuy has been made respecting so great a crime. This death, and the other evils which now oppress England, were apparently portended by a dreadful storm, to which I do not remember any equal : it was accom- panied by the most extreme darkness, most violent wind, innumerable flashes of lightning, terrible claps of thunder, and an immense body of water, so that our kitchen was entirely flooded. The walnut-tree, planted in the corner at our house, was torn up by the roots, and another tree also was blown down in our garden. A few days before his death the king made a will at the instigation of Northumberland, by which he disinherited both his sisters, and appointed the lady Frances, wife of the duke of Suffolk, to be his heir. She declined it, and the kino-dom was made over to her daughter Jane, who had been married two months before to the lord Guilford, the third son of the duke of Northumberland. Almost the whole of the nobihty subscribed to this testament, some of them, as it was after [1 The original of this letter is printed in Fueslin, Lett. LXXVL] [2 Osorius, bishop of Sylva in Portugal, aflarmed expressly, in a letter wTOte to queen Elizabeth, that king Edward was poisoned in his childhood. But Walter Haddon, who replied to that letter, esteemed this report to be but a fable, raised by idle people, and carried about by such as favoured popery. See Strype, Mem. ii. ii. 118.] 366 JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] [lET. wards discovered, with the view of more easily deceiving Northumberland, by whose advice all these things appeared to be done, and of conceahng the plot they were preparing in favour of Mary, who is now in possession of the crown : others added their names from fear of Northumberland, for you know the character of the man ; and some of the better of them, with the hope of protecting religion, which they per- ceived would be altogether overthrown, should Mary obtain the crown ; and Northumberland himself excited great expec- tations that he would favour rehgion. In addition to this, the king himself in his will alleged as a reason for disin- heriting Mary, besides her illegitimacy, the cause of religion. In fine, he had the assent of almost the whole of the nobility : Jane is brought down to take possession of the Tower, and on the same day is proclaimed queen at London, and in the same week in many parts of the kingdom. Mary, who had most faithful councillors, by their advice went, as though defence- less, into Norfolk, where she is received and hailed as queen with general applause. She forthwith procures herself to be proclaimed queen in as many places as possible, in all of which it was stated that the kingdom was being wrested from her by the treachery of Northumberland ; wherefore she enjoins all her subjects to preserve it to her. Almost the entire nation rise to her assistance ; first of all the people of Norfolk and Suffolk, and then those of Oxfordshire, Buck- inghamshire, Berkshire, and Essex. A portion too of the nobility, who had given in their adhesion to Jane, merely for the purpose of deceiving her, revolt from her forthwith, and exert all their energies in behalf of Mary. As to the Lon- doners, some of them through fear, and others through treachery, urge upon Northumberland the protection of the state, and the necessity of seizing upon Mary's person before her forces can be assembled. He therefore exerts himself like one whose fortunes are involved in the result, offers large pay, and engages a soldiery partly unwilling, and partly treacherous ; for they consisted in great measure of the dependants of those noblemen who secretly espoused the cause of Mary. Northumberland sets forth, well supplied with cavalry and artillery, which however were to be turned against him. Those who remained at London, as though for the purpose of protecting Jane and retaining the city CLXXXII.] JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] 367 in its allegiance, begin forthwith to consult about deserting her; for which they plausibly allege, partly their fear of the people, all of whom are flocking to Mary, and partly the well-being of the kingdom, lest it should suffer from intestine war. Why should I say more? They immediately pro- claim queen Mary, with general applause, and threaten with death the duke of Suffolk, in case he refuses to leave the Tower. The good duke yields. They write to Northumber- land to dismiss his troops ; and being now forsaken by the people, and betrayed by others, not knowing what to do, with his soldiers deserting every day, he proclaims queen Mary at Cambridge, and three days after is carried prisoner in her name by the earl of Arundel, together with all his sons and many other noble and influential personages, to London, where he was received with unbounded abuse on his way to the Tower. Thus Jane was queen for only nine days, and those most turbulent ones. After some days Mary made her entry with great triumph into the city, to take possession of the Tower ; on entering which she immediately set at liberty the bishop of Winchester, , the duke of Norfolk, lord Courtney, and the widow of the duke of Somerset. She enrolled the bishop of Winchester and the duke of Norfolk among her councillors. The case of Northumberland and the other prisoners was then brought forward. But after five days the queen removed to Kichmond, during which time Northumberland and two others^ were executed. You have heard of the ungodly and shameful end of Northumberland^. The most godly king is buried ; the good archbishop of Canterbury performs the funeral service at Westminster^ according to the established [1 These were sir John Gates, captain of the guards to king Ed- ward, and sir Thomas Palmer, the first accuser of the duke of Somer- set. They were executed on Tower Hill, on Tuesday, Aug. 22. Strype, Mem. in. i. 41. Burnet, iii. 335.] [2 The duke was attended by Heath, bishop of Worcester, whom he called to bear witness that he was a stedfast believer in the old religion. See Burnet, ii. 376, in. 334.] [3 Dr Lirigard states that it was in compliance with the wish of the emperor Charles V., who advised her to proceed with temper and caution, that she suffered the archbishop to proceed according to the established form at the funeral of her brother. Hist, of England, 4to. Ed. V. 25.] 368 JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] [lET. form, that is, in English, or in a christian way, with many tears; but before the queen Winchester^ himself performs the obsequies after the popish fashion. Our preachers, who now perceive the gospel is threatened with imminent destruc- tion, exhort the people to repentance, admonishing them to persevere in sound doctrine. Winchester, in conjunction with other parties who had together meditated the overthrow of the gospel, appoints a most thorough papist, of the name of Bourn 2, as preacher at Paul's cross. A great multitude is assembled to hear what he intends to say. As soon as they hear his blasphemies and falsehoods, they begin to raise a tumult ; some of them demanding capital punishment for the man, and others calling out for silence. The lord mayor and some of the aldermen endeavour to quiet the people, but without any effect. Courtney interposes his authority, but is disregarded. Bradford himself comes forth in alarm; but the mob immediately cheer him, and promise silence, because he is a faithful preacher of the word. Some one in the mean time hurls a dagger at that popish preacher, when the mob becomes again excited ; and it would have been all over with that wicked knave, had not God by Bradford's instrumen- tality reserved him to a worse fate. But what thanks do you suppose were given to Bradford for so noble an action? [1 Within the Tower was a mass of requiem sung for him [Edward VI.] the same day; at which the queen was present, and the bishop of Winchester, with his mitre on, performed it after the okl popish form. Strype, Mem. m. i. 31.] [2 On Sunday, Aug. 13, 1553, Gilbert Bom'n, who had been ap- pointed by Bonner a canon of St Paul's, delivered an inflammatory discourse at Paul's cross in praise of Bonner, against the late monarch, and in favour of popery, which so excited the populace that they were ready to drag him out of the pulpit. Bradford, who stood in the pulpit behind him, came forward and addressed the people, and ex- horted them to submission and obedience to so good effect, that the multitude, after haihng him with affectionate expression, dispersed quietly. He besought Bradford not to quit him till he was in a situation of safety ; and whilst the lord mayor and sheriffs preceded Bourn to the grammar-school house, Bradford and Rogers (another martyr) kept close to him behind, concealing him with their gowns, and thus conducted him safe through the mob. He was afterwards made bishop of Bath and Wells in the room of Wm. Barlow, who had fled on the accession of Mary. See Stevens's Memoirs of Bradford, p. 32. Strype, Mem. iii. i. 32.] CLXXXII.] JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] 369 Truly such as might have been expected from monsters of this kind. On the next day he was thrown into the Tower, upon no other charge but that, as he could so easily disperse the mob, he must haA'e had some hand in exciting it. Some other preachers are also thrown into the same prison ; all preaching is forbidden, and the place is wholly left to papists, who are surrounded by the queen's guard, that they may safely pour forth their poison ; and all persons are prohibited ^ from coming near Paul's cross, for fear of raising a fresh disturb- ance. And because in London there seemed to be some likelihood of a tumult, word was sent by the queen to the lord mayor, that he must either keep the city quiet himself, or that they must look for a guard of soldiers and the depri- vation of all their privileges. Then every family, especially of the gospellers, was in great distress. The queen, partly with a view of ascertaining the popular feeling, and partly for the encouragement for her partizans, sets forth a procla- mation, in which she declares her adherence to, and protection and support of, popery, and exhorts all persons to conform to it ; but nevertheless at that time she would compel no one to embrace it. The-papists, who had been always longing for this most wished for day, dig out as it were from their graves their vest- ments, chalices, and portasses, and begin mass with all speed. In these things our Oxford folk lead the van ; and respecting them I must tell you a little farther. At the proclamation of Jane they displayed nothing but grief. At the proclamation of Mary, even before she was proclaimed at London, and when the event was still doubtful, they gave such demonstrations of joy, as to spare nothing. They first of all made so much noise all the day long with clapping their hands, that it seems still to linger in my ears ; they then, even the poorest of them, made voluntary subscriptions, and mutually exhorted each other to maintain the cause of Mary ; lastly, at night they had a pubhc festival, and threatened flames, hanging, the gallows and drowning, to all the gospellers. Master Peter Martyr is forbidden to leave his house ; and Sidall^ a truly excellent man, is ordered to guard against his running away ; and thus master Peter has had his own [3 Part of this sentence is unintelligible in the original.] [4 See a letter from him to Bullinger, above, p. 311.] r 1 24 [ZURICH LETTERS, III.J 370 JULIUS TEKENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.J [lET. house made a prison of these six weeks. But I, perceiving that the danger was manifest, went to London to seek assist- ance from my friends. They were now reduced to a very small number, and were so far from being able to assist us, that they were exposed to the greatest peril themselves. Whittingham and I conceive the project of presenting a peti- tion to the queen and council, in which we embrace the entire circumstances of master Peter ; how he had been invited over from Strasburgh by the deceased king, and had been recalled by the magistrates of Strasburgh during the last year, but that the king would not give him licence to depart ; that the correspondence relative to all these facts was in the royal archives, and that, moreover, many of the council could bear abundant testimony to their truth. We added, that master Peter had committed no offence either against the queen or the laws of the realm; that if his enemies chose to bring any charge against him, he was prepared to meet it ; that he now perceived that the queen had no longer occasion for his services, and therefore he petitioned her for a licence to enable him to leave the kingdom. Whittingham and I proceed to Eichmond ; he presents the petition respecting Peter to the secretary, who, as is customary, lays it on the council table, and bids us wait. On that day nothing was done, we are ordered to come again on the morrow ; we are there at the hour appointed, but still nothing is done. We feel at last that we are imposed upon. We agree therefore among our- selves, that Whittingham should return to Oxford and remain with master Peter ; for he was now almost entirely by himself, since every one, except only Sidall and master Haddon, had withdrawn from his society. As to me, I remain in London to make what interest I can. At length Whittingham re- turns after some days : we both of us wait upon [sir John] Mason, who at first declined interposing in so disagreeable a case, and said that he was altogether out of favour ; after- wards however he was urgent that master Peter might be allowed to come to London, and plead his cause before the council. He obtains his request, and we have moreover per- mission to remove all our goods. Master Peter comes to London. He calls upon the archbishop of Canterbury, his ancient and most revered host. Who can express how welcome he was? He had so earnestly wished for his coming, that €LXXXII.] JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] 371 he had often importuned the council to that effect, and offered to give all his property as a security, if they had any fear of master Peter's running away. When master Peter arrives, [the archbishop of] Canterbury tells him how he had caused bills ^ to be posted all over London, in which he offers to prove that the doctrine, which was received in the time of Edward the sixth, is sound, agreeable to scripture, the same with that of the primitive church, and approved by the authority of the ancient fathers, if only they will allow Peter Martyr, and one or two others, to be his col- leagues. Master Peter commends this act, and says that had it not been done, he had intended to propose it to him. They prepare themselves for the disputations. But you should know, that the popish preachers, when they perceived that many of our priests wei'e already cast into prison, and that others had consulted their safety by flight, made a great boast about disputing with us. But when the placards of the archbishop were posted up, they began to change their note, and said that no disputation ought to take place ; that they would abide by the received doctrine ; that this was a matter in which faith, and not reason, was concerned. But those placards of the archbishop so strengthened the spirits of the gospellers, that they no longer hesitated to lay down then' lives for the truth ; but their enemies were so exasperated by them, that they instantly brought forward a new charge of treason against the archbishop, and cited him into court-, on what day of September I do not recollect, but I know it happened on a Thursday. Master Peter then dined with the archbishop, -who after dinner came into his chamber, and informed him that he himself must of necessity abide a trial ; and that it [1 For the declaration here referred to see Burnet, iv. 331, and II. 385. He says that the archbishop had drawn up this wi'iting with a resolution to have made a pubhc use of it ; but Scory, who had been bishop of Chichester, coming to him, he shewed him the paper, and bid him consider of it. Scory indiscreetly gave copies of it ; an-d one of these was pubHcly read in Cheapside, on the 5th of September. See also Cranmer's works on the Lord's supper, Parker Society Edi- tion, p. 428, whore the declaration is printed with the variations of diflPerent copyists.] [2 On Sept. 13, both Cranmer and Latimer were called before the council : Latimer was that day committed, and Cranmer was sent to the Tower the dav followins:. See Burnet, ii. 387.] 372 JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] [lET-. was certain that he should never see him again : he recom« mended Martyr to be urgent for his passports, on obtaining which he should depart ; but should he fail in obtaining them, he must consult his safety by flight, for that no justice was to be expected from his adversaries. But, God ! who can explore the depth of thy counsels ? About five days after the archbishop of Canterbury had been committed to the Tower, a safe conduct, and a most honourable one, was given by the queen to master Peter ; who therefore, on the public guarantee, at the persuasion of his other friends, and also bearing in mind the words of the archbishop, commits himself to sea, spreading a report that he was going to Ham- burg, when in reality he was proceeding to Antwerp. This he did, to escape the snares of the papists in the dominions of the emperor ; and to deceive them more effectually, he wished me to remain some days in London. Meanwhile, after a fortnight's time, having obtained a wind, I set sail towards Antwerp ; and on the same day both master Peter and my- self arrived at Antwerp in different ships, each of us being ignorant of the other's arrival ; which was indeed remarkable, for I thought that he had by this time almost reached Stras- burgh. But I think that God intended to relieve us from our mutual anxiety, and moreover, to provide for my expenses. I will not however mention what perils we escaped of the pestilence, of the troops, and of the Khine ; and also what mild weather we had in our journey as far as Strasburgh, whereby any one might conclude that God had certainly re- called us thither. But just as we entered the city, James Sturmius^, who was waiting for nothing else than the arrival of master Peter, departed this hfe, and thus we were disap- pointed of our hope. But to return to England. During this disturbed state of the kingdom, these persons, namely, lords spiritual, were thrown into the Tower ; the archbishops of Canterbury and York, the bishop of London, Latimer, Hooper, Coverdale, and the bishop of Bath. Ponet, bishop of Winchester, and Scory, bishop of Chichester, are also deprived of their bishop- ricks. The bishops of Ely, Lincoln, and Hereford are re- moved from parhament; and all the married clergy must [1 James Sturmius died at Strasburgh, Oct. 30, 1553, after lan- guishing of a fever for tAvo months.] CLXXXII.] JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] 373 either relinquish theb wives, or be deprived of their benefices. Master Cox is stripped of all his preferment ; Marshal has succeeded him at Oxford, and Weston at AVestminster. AVhat must we not expect when such men are promoted ? More- over, all the papists, whether bishops or others, are restored. As many as are really godly students at Oxford, have all bidden farewell to that place, and some have already been ejected from our college. The fire of purgatory is now really kindled in England, and the nature of every one's faith is now made manifest. Curtop^ has wonderfully fallen away; and so has Harding, with numberless others. But the bare mention of this is too painful. The queen was crowned on the twenty-eighth of September 3. They began parliament on the first '^ of October: transubstantiation was revived; but where is the wonder ? no room is left for truth. The deans -"^ made a strenuous resistance : their names do not occur to me. Moreover it was enacted in parliament, that on the twentieth of October^ the popish mass should every where be pubUcly [2 James Curtop was a canon of Christ Church, and had been a hearer and friend of Peter Martyr. He recanted in queen Mary's days, and was sworn a witness against Cranmer at his trial. See Strype, Cranm. 285, 536. Respecting Harding, see above, p. 309.] [3 On the 28th of September, the queen, in order to her corona- tion, removed from St James's to Whitehall, and from thence to the Tower. The coronation itself took place on Sunday, October 1. For an account of the ceremony see Strype, Mem. in. i. 55. Burnet, in. 390. Soames, iv. 78.] [4 Parliament was opened Oct. 5. See Strype, Mem. iii. i. 57. Burnet, ii. 391. Soames, iv. 82.] [5 Decani, MS. "Among the assembled clergy (in the convocation of 1553) no individuals were present, as it seems, favourable to the Reformation, who were not either deans or archdeacons, dignitaries entitled to seats in the lower house. The members who discovered this feeling were Walter Philips, dean of Rochester ; James Haddon, dean of Exeter ; John Philpot, archdeacon of Winchester ; John Ayl- mer, archdeacon of Stow ; Richard Cheney, archdeacon of Hereford, and another, said to be Thomas Young, precentor of St David's." Soames, Hist. Ref. iv. 103.] [6 The bill for repealing king Edward's laws about religion was sent from the lords on Oct. 31, and argued six days in the house of commons. It passed Nov. 8, and provided, that from the 20th of December next there should be no other form of divine sen'ice but what had been used in the last year of king Henry VIH. Burnet, ii. .395.] 374 JULIUS TERENTIANUS TO JOHN [aB ULMIS.] [lET. restored. On November the fourteenth Jane, formerly queen, together with the archbishop of Canterbury and all the sons^ of the duke of Northumberland, was arraigned before the judges at Whitehall- : you know the place at London. Sen- tence of death was pronounced upon them all : but a peculiar punishment is intended for the archbishop of Canterbury, namely, hanging, and afterwards the dividing of his body into four parts ^. But we must expect things yet more atrocious, unless God in his mercy look upon that church, on behalf of which I do not think I have any need to request your prayers; for you know from your own experience, how ex- cellent are the members of Christ in that country. Farewell. Nov. 20, 1553. Strasburgh. Yours in the Lord, JULIUS TERENTIANUS. LETTER CLXXXIIL MICHAEL RENIGER^ TO HENRY BULLINGER. [Without place or date.] Notwithstanding, honoured sir, such is the perplexity and pressure of your engagements, that you can scarcely obtain any relaxation from your most important avoca- tions ; yet since your kindness and indulgence towards us all is such, that you consider the management and arrange- ment of our affairs to be a part of your own duty, I have made bold, both from the necessity of the case, and the persuasion of your good-will towards us, to address you by [1 The lords Guilford and Ambrose Dudley.] [2 These four individuals were arraigned in Guildhall, on the 13th of November, when they pleaded guilty.] [3 Cranmer was originally arraigned and condemned for high treason. See above, p. 343, note 2.] [4 IVIichael Reniger was on the foundation of Magdalene College, Oxford, whence he was expelled by bishop Gardiner in 1553, and became an exile. lie was afterwards made chaplain to queen Ehza- beth, and prebendary of Winchester. This letter was probably written at Zurich in 1.056.] CLXXXIIl] MICHAEL RENIGER TO HENRY BULLINGER. 375 letter. And lest it should occasion you any surprise, that when our houses are so near as almost to be united, I prefer addressing you through the intervention of a letter, rather than by a personal conference, you must account for it in this manner ; that I have still about me a kind of foohsh shamefacedness, which shrinks from any discourse and conver- sation concerning my private affairs ; and also, that the person who is the bearer of this letter is able to explain all the feehngs of my mind just as if I were present myself. Your kindness will thus briefly understand the whole matter. Master Burcher^ at the persuasion of one of my friends, pre- sented me with twenty florins a year. This assistance I did not think proper to decline, though I still continued to live together with the English [exiles ;] first, because a necessity was imposed upon me to receive it : for a certain agreement and regulation was estabhshed among us, that each individual should exert himself among his relatives and friends to pro- cure for himself such a livelihood and means of support, that admission might be afforded in their room to the more indigent Enghsh who might be at Strasburgh; on which account these means of support were not to be rejected by me, both by reason of the force of that obhgation, and from a regard to others. Added to this, the offer was such, and so exceedingly liberal, that it was not consistent with my can- dour or gratitude to refuse it : and in the third place it affords great assistance to the advancement and convenience of my studies. In a word, I applied to master Richard [Hilles,] that, since this allowance was scarcely sufiicient for my maintenance, he would make some addition from the general fund : he repUed, in my opinion reasonably enough, that the doing so would introduce a most dangerous precedent to the whole society, and that other persons, from any quarter, would claim a like addition for themselves. I then asked him, whether I might be allowed to write to some of my friends and connexions, who are merchants, respecting their affording such increase of allowance as might be necessary ; but he thought also that I could not do this without injury to the society. Being shut out from these means of support, I had communication with that most friendly man, master ab Ulmis, by reason of the intimacy which has so long ex- isted between us : the result of which, most accomplished S76 MICHAEL RENIGER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. CLXXXHI.] sir, is, that having tried and explored all possible methods, we have discovered this last resource ; for it would savour of too much want of moderation, and intolerable importunity, to expect any increase of allowance from master Burcher, who has, besides, written very doubtfully respecting his own affairs, and that he would continue this pension some time hence, should his circumstances admit. It has occurred to us, that master Vergerius has addressed us with so much affection and sincerity of heart, as to manifest that he was ready not only to do every service in his power to all in general, but also individually to such as may be wiUing to make trial of his kindness. "When we had thought this over toge- ther, it occurred to us that we should derive little benefit without the interposition of a letter from you : which I men- tion on this account, because master ab Ulmis with his usual kindness and good-will towards every one, and especially to myself, is not satisfied with regarding himself as the guardian of my affairs, but is also ready (if only you think it will be of any use) to undergo with me both the trouble of the journey, and the sohciting and management of the business. The matter now rests with yourself, to whom, as the patron of the miserable men now exiled from England, apphcation has often been made before now, and is now made by myself under like circumstances ; and to whom also any thing, what- ever it may be, which may procure any alleviation to our misfortunes, is not wont to appear troublesome ; that your prudence may ascertain, first, whether it is expedient to try this plan, and in the next place, may aid me, as far as you conveniently can do, with your advice and assistance. This is a short statement. I know how foolish it is to use pro- lixity with one who is more moved by his own kind feeling and desire to do good than by any private partiality or cir- cumlocution. May the Lord Jesus preserve you to his church, and repay to you out of his riches that kindness with which you daily refresh the bowels of the saints ! Your most attached in Christ, MICHAEL RENIGER. Anglus. THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT [for the year 1845.] 1!If)t l^arfeer Socitta, ^ov t^c ^ul)Iicatiott of i^c SiBorSs at i^t jFatfjers anti (Sarlfi Wixittxs of tf^t Uefovrntis (Snglisi^ CTi^urc^. ii^^m€m€(Bm a.s. iBEJorcoii. gTiie iHngltsij lacformatton. In One large Volume, Svo. well bound in extra cloth ^ Price Ten Shillings and Sixpence. THE SECOND EDITION, CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED IN ONE SERIES, OF THE ZURICH LETTERS; THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SEVERAL ENGLISH BISHOPS AND OTHERS, WITH SOME OF THE HELVETIAN REFORMERS, DURING THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH, CHIEFLY FROM THE ARCHIVES OF ZURICH. thanslatep from iuthentic copies of the autographs, and edited for the Parker Society, by the Eet. Hastings Eobinson, D.D. Camfiritige : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, for the PARKER SOCIETY. AND SOLD BY C. J. STEWART, 11, King William Street, West Strand; also, by Pickering, Dalton, Nisbet, Petheram, London; W.Curry, jun. and CO. Dublin; Ritchie, Edinburgh; Vincent, Oxford; Mac- MILLAN AND BARCLAY, CAMBRIDGE; AllOM, YoRK ; WiGHT AND BaILEY, Cheltenham; Godwin, Bath; and all other Booksellers. ES"This Volume contains the English Translations of both Series of "The Zurich Letters," excludinfi: a few letters of no interest. Part of a limited impression of the Work is now offered to the Public, to meet the general demand for it ; but the Parker Society will not again re-print this correspondence. Subscribers to the Parker Society may apply for copies of this Volume at trie Office, 33, Southampton Sti'eet, Strand —For them only the Price will be Seven Shillings. C^c ^arfter ^octets . Correspondence of Archbishop Parker. The Parker Society being about to ])ublish a collection of Uie Letters of Archbishop Parker, it is earnestly desired that it should be rendered as complete as possible. Any communication upon the subject, and especially references to letters of the Archbishop preserved in any public or private repository, or in any Work not likely to be refeiTed to for such a purpose, will be esteemed a favor. Communications may be addressed to the Editor, John Bruce, Esq., Hyde House, near Stroud, Gloucestershire. PROCEEDINGS AT THE FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF HELD AT THE FREEMASONS' TAVERN, GREAT QUEEN STREET. LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, LONDON, ON THURSDAY, THE 14th OF MAY, 1846. THE RIGHT HON. LORD ASHLEY, M.P. in the Chair. Collects suitable to the occasion were read by the Rev. M. M. Preston, Vicar of Cheshunt. The Report of the Council, and the Statement of the Receipts and Expen- diture having been read. The following Resolutions were moved, seconded, and agreed to. Resolved, That the Report and Statement of the Receipts and Expenditure, which have been read by the Honorary Librarian and Secretary for General Business, be approved, and that they be received and adopted, and printed for the information of the Members ', and also, that the thanks of the Society be given to the President, Treasurer, Council, and Auditors, for their care in preparing the Report and Statement, and their other valuable services during the past year. Resolved, That the following persons be the Council and Officers for the year ensuing, with power to fill up vacancies : — The Right Honourable Lord Ashley, MP., was elected President. Sir Walter R, Farquhar, Bart., was elected Honorary Treasurer. George Stokes, Esq., was elected Honorary Librarian. The Rev. R. G. Bajcer. Rev. C. Benson, Canon of Worcester, Rev. E. Bickersteth, John Bridges, Esq., John Bruce, Esq., Rev. Guy Bryan, Rev. Richard Burgess 4 PROCEEDINGS AT THE GENERAL MEETING. Rev, T. Townson Churton, Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. Hon. William Cowper, Rev. W. H. Cox, Vice-Principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Rev, J. W. Cunningham, Rev. Thomas Dale, Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's. The Venerable Archdeacon Dealtry, Rev. W. Goode, Rev. John Harding, Rev. Edward Hoare, Rev. T. H. Horne, Canon of St. Paul's. Joseph Hoare, Esq., Honourable Arthur Kinnaird, Hon. and Rev. B. W. Noel, Henry Pownall, Esq. Rev. Josiah Pratt, Rev. M. M, Preston, Rev. Daniel Wilson, With the Rev. James Scholefield, Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge, Were elected as the Council, with power to fill up all vacancies occurring during the year ; and The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, Henry Pownall, Esq.. Rev. R. E. Hankinson, and Francis Lowe, Esq., were elected Auditors. Resolved, That the best thanks of the Meeting, and of the whole of the members of the Parker Society, are due to the Right Honourable Lord Ashley, for his invariable attention to the interests of the Institution, and for his kindly presidmg on the present occasion, under the pressure of many important public engagements. Resolved, That a special vote of thanks is due to George Stokes, Esq., the Honorary Librarian, for his continued zeal and activity on behalf of the Insti- tution, and for his unceasing attention to its interests. Resolved, That the thanks of this Meeting be given to the Local Correspondents and other friends of the Society, who have assisted the objects of the Institution during the past year. THE FIFTH REPOUT OF THE COUNCIL. 5 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP ^f)t iJJarfecr Societg, INSTITUTED A.D. 1840. rOR THE PUBLICATION OF THE WORKS OF THE FATHERS AND EARLY WRITERS OF THE REFORMED ENGLISH CHURCH. PRESENTED TO THE GENERAL MEETING, MAY THE 14th, 1846. " He {Archbishop Parker) was a great collector of ancient and modern vnitings, and took especial care of the safe preservation of them for all succeeding times; as foreseeing, undoubtedly, -what use might be made of them by posterity : that, by having recourse to such origmals and precedents, the true knowledge of things might the better appear." " As he was a great patron and promoter of good learning, so he took care of giving encourage- ment to printing — a great instrument of the increase thereof." Stri/pe's Life of Archbishop Parker. The Council of the Parker Society, in presenting to the members, at the General Meeting, a full Report of the proceedings of the past year, are happy to be able to state that the delivery of the books for the year 184.5 has been completed, and the cash account closed. The particulars will be printed in the edition of the Report annexed to the first book for 1846. The amount received was 366966 10s. lid. and the expenditure ^6852 15s. 9d. A balance of j61 13 15s. 2d. remains, which has been brought forward to the present year. The volumes for 1845 were five in number. 1. The remaining portion of Bishop Latimer, which contains some interesting letters from the State Paper Office, never before printed. 2. Another volume of letters from the Archives of Zurich, and other repositories in Switzerland, written during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. These are a portion of the docu- ments procured by the Rev. Steuart A. Pears, and supply many chasms in the former series. Upon the value and importance of these communi- cations it is unnecessary to enlarge. 3. and 4. Select Poetry, chiefly devotional, of the reign of Qaeen Elizabeth. This work was announced in the original prospectus of the Society, but various circumstances pre- vented it from being given at an earlier period. It is an important publication, shewing how thoroughly the principles of the Reformation imbued the general literature of that age, a fact not apparent in former literary reprints, from which works of a religious nature usually liavc been () THE FIFTH REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. omitted. The original intention was to have given only one volume ; but the researches of the editor discovered so many authors whose poetiy had remained unnoticed, even by bibliographers, that it was found needful to extend the selection, though only giving specimens, to two volumes. The work is also interesting and valuable, by furnishing literal reprints, exhibiting the spelling then usual, thereby shewing how necessary it was to adopt an uniform system of orthography in the other publications of the Society. 5. A portion of the works of Bishop Jewel. This has been called for by the members from the first commencement of the Society, and has never been lost sight of by the Council, who have been unre- mitting in their endeavours to expedite the publication. Those who are competent to express an opinion, need not to be reminded of the peculiar difficulties to be overcome in properly editing the works of this valuable writer, and the time and application necessary to attain the requisite degree of acquaintance with the numerous authors quoted by him, in some cases existing only in manuscript. The Council have therefore much pleasure in sending forth such an important volume, edited in a manner which they believe will be found satisfactory. If the health of the indefatigable editor be spared, they confidently hope to deliver a further portion in the early part of each of the three next years ; and thus they expect to be enabled to publish, what has been in vain desired by the members of our National Church during the last two hundred years — a new and corrected edition of the most important Enghsh theological author of the sixteenth century. If the Parker Society completes this publication, its originators and promoters may look with satisfaction on the result of their efforts, even if nothing else were accomplished by their instrumentality. The Council would briefly allude to the difficulties which must ever attend the editorial proceedings of an effort like that of the Parker Society. Few persons are aware of the very great and peculiar hindrances and difficulties attendant on these labours, and how small was the number of individuals who, at the commencement of the Society, were fully com- petent to all that is now required in editing such works. Those who possessed the requisite ability and experience were so engaged in other duties, that scarcely any could be found to undertake the work ; while, of those few, several have been compelled to relinquish what they had begun, by new appointments of various descriptions engaging aU their attention. Each year, however, has added to the number and ability of the editors ; while, as in the case of Jewel, more time has been devoted to preparation; so that the Council can now state that their exertions in procuring com- petent editorial assistance have been far more successful than at first could have been hoped. They have always discharged their trust to the best of their power, and it is hardly necessary to add, that the responsibility for each book must in aU cases rest with its editor. They would, however, remark, that in an undertaking of this nature, especially under the peculiar difficulties of this class of writers, the publications should be taken as a whole, when any estimate is formed of the proceedings of the Society. It would be invidious to refer to other proceedings, whether of THE FIFTH REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. 7 public bodies or of individual publishers ; but the Council feel that it is due to the members, as well as to the editors, and to themselves, to state their full conviction that no similar effort has accomplished so much, and with fewer imperfections. Still they wish that more could have been effected, though they are aware that all literary undertakings will be found imperfect in a greater or less degree, so that objections may easily be raised against any book that ever has been printed. It may be well here to explain what has been stated respecting the text of the volumes reprinted. The spelling and punctuation have been brought to an uniform standard ; but in all other respects they are literal reprints, given as correctly as possible, and, it is believed, far more correctly than is usual in similar publications, with the advantage in many cases of exhibiting a collation of the different editions, and the correction of typographical errors. As to future proceedings, the Council have learned from experience the impossibility of stating precisely what is to be expected. Another painful instance has occurred in the last year, by the death of an editor who had already devoted some time to the works of Archbishop Whitgift. It is desirable, therefore, only to state, that at the present time fourteen authors are in preparation. Among them is a volume of Archbishop Parker's correspondence, which it is expected will contain many letters that have never been published. The Council are glad to observe that a continued demand exists for the early publications of the Society, notwithstanding the very large number of 7000 copies actually issued of each book. The two volumes of Zurich Letters in particular have been purchased at high prices when offered for sale, which shews how desirable it was they should be re- printed, to meet the wish of the members, as stated in the last Report, in one volume, and in regular chronological arrangement. This book is now ready, and may be had by subscribers and booksellers for seven shillings, or by the public in general for ten shillings and sLxpence. The number printed is limited, and the Council are decidedly of opinion that no other edition should be printed by the Society ; nor should any other re-print be undertaken, unless, as in this instance, under very peculiar circum- stances, not likely to arise with reference to the books in general. The researches at the State Paper Office, the Rolls, and some other repositories, both pubHc and private, are in progress, and incur con- siderable expense ; but the results promise fully to justify and repay the proceedings. The Council have much pleasure in reporting the kind willingness with which every application hitherto made by them, for per- mission to examine such repositories, has been acceded to. At the commencement of the Society many subscriptions were paid, the names and addresses for which were imperfectly sent, or incorrectly recorded by the booksellers or bankers through whom they were trans- mitted. Most of these have been traced and the books delivered ; but about thirty sets of the publications of the year 1 84 1 remain, the owners of ivhich cannot be found. As nearly five years have now elapsed since 8 THE FIFTH REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. these books have been ready, it is considered unnecessary to retain them longer than until the close of the present year. The Council therefore propose, after the first of January next, to place these books in various public libraries destitute of funds for purchase, and that the like course should be adopted with the few sets which may be similarly circumstanced in future years. The books will bear the names in which the subscriptions •were paid, and be subject to be reclaimed by the subscribers, or their representatives, if applied for hereafter, and the list of names may be seen at the office. The Society has more than seven thousand names on its list of sub- scribers, but many of the subscriptions now due are still unpaid. It is therefore proposed " to continue the usual course of subjecting all subscriptions not sent by the first of June, to an additional payment of five shillings, and to allow fresh applicants to have the unclaimed books of 1846, so far as they will go, for the like amount in addition to the original subscription. This proceeding has been approved in former years. It may be well to mention, that several applications for the books of 1844 have lately been made by parties who neglected to pay the subscription of that year, but the books had been previously issued to other applicants, after the notice duly given. And it is requisite now, as in former years, to impress upon the members the importance of paying the subscriptions immediately after the first of January in every year ; for the Council cannot otherwise continue to send the volumes to press without considerable and injurious delay. In answer to some inquiries it may here be stated, that the books of the past years now to be obtained at the office, are a few sets of those of 1843 and 1845 — with the surplus volumes of the Liturgy of Edward VI. printed for extra apphcations, and the reprint of the Zurich Letters just completed at the Press. The other back volumes will, however, be found on sale among the booksellers ; and in special cases the Secretary will assist the applicant, by pointing out where it is probable they may be obtained. The objects of the Parker Society have been so fully explained in the Plan and the previous Reports, that nothing need be said respecting them in the present document. The return of twenty-two valuable books for an annual subscription of one pound, paid during five years, also has aff"orded to the members an assurance of the value and efficiency of the proceedings, so long as adequate support is given. The main desire of the Parker Society may be briefly summed up in these words of Bishop Jewel : " God give thee the spirit of understanding, that thou mayest bo able to judge uprightly : God give thee eyes to see, that thou mayest behold the comfortable and glorious face of God's truth ; that thou mayest know the good, and merciful, and perfit will of God ; that thou mayest grow into a full perfit man :n Christ, and no longer be blown away with every blast of vain doctrine ; but mayest be able to know the oiily, the true, and the living God, and his only-begotten Son, Jesus Christ : To whom both, with the Holy Ghost, be all honour and glory, for ever and ever. Amen." THE LAWS OF THE SOCIETY. LAWS OF THE PARKER SOCIETY. I.— That the Society shall be called The Parker Society, and that its objects shall be — first, the reprinting, without abridgment, alteration, or omission, of the best Works of the Fathers and early Writers of the Reformed English Church, published in the period between the accession of King Edward Vl. and the death of Queen Ehzabeth ; secondly, the printing of such remains of other Writers of the Sixteenth Century as may appear desirable (including, under both classes, some of the early English Translations of the Foreign Reformers) ; and thirdly, the printing of some manuscripts of the same authors, hitherto unpublished. 11. — That the Society shall consist of such a number of members, being sub- scribers of at least One Pound each annually, as the Council may determine : the subscription to be considered due on the First day of January in each year, in advance, and to be paid on or before such a day as the Council may fix ; sufficient notice being given of the day appointed. III. — That the Management of the Society shall be vested in a President, a Treasurer, and Honorary Librarian, and a Council of twenty-four other subscri- bers, being Members of the Established Church, and of whom not less than six- teen shall be Clergymen. The Council and Officers to be elected annually by the subscribers, at a General Meeting to be held in the month of May ; and no per- sons shall then be proposed who are not already members of the Council, or Offi- cers, unless their names shall have been transmitted to the Secretaries on or before the 15th of April in the current year, by nominations in writing, signed by at least five subscribers. And that there be two Secretaries appointed by the Council ; also, that the Council have power to fill all vacancies during the year. IV. — That the accounts of the receipt and expenditure of the Society shall be examined every year, previously to the General Meeting, by four Auditors, two of them selected from the Council, and two appointed by the precechng General Meeting. V. — That the funds shall be expended in payment of the expenses incurred in producing the works published by the Society, so that every member not in arrear of his or her annual subscription shall receive a copy of every work pubhshed by the Society during the year, for each sum of One Pound subscribed, without any charge for the same; and that the number of co{)ies printed in each year, shall be limited to the quantity required for the number actually subscribed for. VI. — That every member of the Society who shall intimate to the Council a desire to withdraw, or who shall not pay the subscription by the time a])j)ointed, shall cease to be a member of the Society ; and no member shall, at any time, incur any liability beyond the annual subscription . VII. — That, after the commencement of the ])roceedings, no rule shall be made or altered excepting at a General Meeting, and after notice of the same has been communicated to the Members by circulars, or by adver- tisement in two London daily Newspapers, at least fourteen days before the General Meeting. VIII. — Donations and Legacies will be thankfully received ; the amount of which shall be expended by the Conned in supplying co])ies of the publications to clerical, or other public libraries, destitute of funds to ])urchase the same, and for such other purposes, connected with the objects of the Society, as the Council may determine. 10 ABSTll.iCT OF THE CASH ACCOUNT. AN ABSTRACT OF THE RECEIPTS AND OF FOR THE Received. £ s. d. Balance brought from 1844 Account 15 12 5 Amount Received for the Subscriptions of Members ^ ^ngi n o for the Year 1845, and previous Years ^ Amount Received for Subscriptions for future years. ... 800 Dividend on Stock 24 10 5 From Exchequer Bill Account for 1845, being Balance ) Q S 11 of Premium and Interest ^ Second Donation from Rev. Martin S. Wall 10 Total ^^6958 16 6 ABSTrvACT or THE CASH ACCOUNT. 11 THE EXPENDITURE OF THE PARKER SOCIETY, YEAR 1845. 1 3555 1 10 Paid. £- *• d. Paid for Printing and Paper of the books published |^ by the Society for 1845 For Binding and Delivery 1618 2 7 For Volumes purchased to complete sets 21 15 6 For Editorial Expenses 631 13 8 For Insurance from Fire 5 12 6 For Books purchased, for the Library, Copy for I Printing and use of Editors J For Transcripts, and Examining Libraries and Public \ i a- 1 1 Offices J ' For Printing Plans, Reports and Circulars, and for) jg- 13 g Advertisements ) For Rent of Office, Salary of Secretary, and Wages) ^gj ^q 4 of Clerks and Porters J For Furniture and Fittings 38 14 4 For Stationery and Account Books 25 16 5 For Incidentals, including postage, carriage, coals, and"! various petty expenses (deducting re-payment of ^ 96 3 3 £7 14s. 5d. from T. Champion) J Balance carried to 1846 113 15 2 Total ^6958 16 6 HENRY POWNALL, | ^^^.^^^^. FRANCIS LOWE. / 12 MEMBERS OF THE PArxKER SOCIETY. THE FOLLOWING NAMES, WITH OTHERS, IN THE WHOLE SEVEN THOUSx\ND, ARE IN THE LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY ADELAIDE, QUEEN DOWAGER. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF KENT. His Grace the Duke of Devonshire.— His Grace the Duke of Manchester— His Grace the Duke of Sutherland — His Grace the Duke of Roxburghe. The Most Honourable the Marquesses of Bute, Cholmondcley, Conyngham, Downshire, Northampton, Ormonde, and Salisbury. The Right Honourable the Earls of Cavan, Chichester, Clancarty, De Grey, Essex, Galloway, Howe, Jermyn, Nelson, Rosse, and Spencer. The Right Honourable and Rev. Lord Wriothesley Russell. The Right Honourable Lord Viscounts Adare, Alford, Arbuthnott, Campden, De Vesci, Fordwich, Hill, and Lorton. The Right Honourable the Lords Ashley (President), and Lindsay. The Right Honourable and Very Reverend Lord Edward Chichester.— The Right Honourable Lord Henry Cholmondeley. — The Right Honourable and Reverend Lords Charles Thynne, John Thynne, Arthur Hervey, and George A. Hill. The Right Honourable and Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of London. — The Right Reverend the Lords Bishops of Durham, Winchester, Chester, Chichester, Hereford, Lichfield, Lincoln, Lland&tf, Peterborough, Ripon, Rochester, Worcester, Oxford, and of Sodor and Man. The Right Honourable and Right Reverend the Lords Bishops of Clogher and of Meath. — The Honourable and Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert. — The Right Reverend the Lords Bishops of Down and Connor, of Ossory and Ferns, and of Cashel and Waterford. The Right Reverend the Lords Bishops of Calcutta; Bombay, Colombo, Toronto, Guiana, Australia, and of Tasmania. The Right Reverend the Bishops of Ohio, New Jersey, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, and of Delaware. The Right Honourable the Lords Bolton, Calthorpe, Farnham, Littleton, Ray- leigh, and Teignmouth. Her Grace the Duchess of Argyle.— Right Honourable the Countess of Annesley. Right Honourable Viscountess Valeutia.— Right Honourable Lady Ward, &c. MEMBERS OF THE PARKETl SOCIETY. 13 The Riglit Honourable the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. — The Right Honour- able Lord Justice Clerk, Scotland. — The Honourable Mr. Justice Jackson. The Chevalier Bunsen. — The Right Honourable Henry Goulburn, Chan- cellor of the Exchequer, M.P. for the University of Cambridge. — The Right Honourable W. E. Gladstone, M.P. The Honourable and Very Reverend the Deans of Norwich, Windsor and Wolver- hampton, and Manchester. — The Very Reverend the Deans of Chester, Durham, Gloucester, Peterborough, Salisbury, and Winchester. — The Deans and Chapters of Lichfield, Worcester, &c. The Right Honourable and Very Reverend the Dean of Raphoe. — The Honour- able and Very Reverend the Dean of Clogher.— The Very Reverend the Deans of Cloyne, Connor, Cork, Deny, Cashel, Enily, St. Patrick, Ossory, Kildare, Kilmacduagh, and Limerick. The Honourable and Worshipful T. W. Law, Chancellor of Bath and Wells. —The Worshipful H. Raikes, Chancellor of Chester; John N. Wood- rufFe, Chancellor of Cork; E. T. M. Phillips, Chancellor of Gloucester; F. R. Sandys, Chancellor of Ossory; Marsham Argles, Chancellor of Peterborough. The Venerable Archdeacons Bather, Berners, Bevau, Browne, Buckle, Davys, Dealtr}^, Elare. Hodson, Hoare, Law, Lyall, Mac Donald, Philpot, Shirley Spooner, C. Thorp, and J. R. Wilberforce. The Venerable Archdeacons Bell, Beresford, Creery, Digby, Mant, Monsell, Oldfield, Power, Stuart, Verschoyle and St. George. Reverend Dr. Symons, Warden of Wadham Coll. Oxford, and Vice Chancellor of the University. — Reverend Dr. Plielps, Master of Sidney Sussex Coll. Cambridge, and Vice Chancellor of the University. — Reverend Dr. Graham, Master of Christ Coll. Cambridge. — Reverend Dr. Archdall, Master of Em- manuel Coll. Cambridge. — Reverend Dr. Tatham, Master of St. John's Coll, Cambridge. — 'Reverend Dr. Plumtre, Master of University Coll. Oxford. — Reverend Dr. Fox, Provost of Queen's Coll. Oxford. — Reverend Dr. Cotton, Provost of Worcester Coll. Oxford. — Reverend Dr. Jeune, Master of Pem- broke Coll. Oxford. — Reverend Dr. Thackeray, Provost of King's Coll. Cam- bridge. — Reverend Dr. Amslie, Master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. — Reverend Dr. French, Master of Jesus Coll. Cambridge. — Joshua King, Esq. D C.L. President of Queen's Coll. Cambridge. — Reverend Dr. Procter, Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge. — Reverend Dr. Webb, Master of Clare Hall, Cambridge. — Reverend Dr. Hampden, Principal of St. Mary's Hall, and Regius Professor of Divinity, Oxford. — Reverend Dr. Cramer, Prin- cipal of New Inn Hall, Oxford. — Reverend E. Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford. The Reverend Dr. Sadleir, Provost of Trinity Coll. Dublin.— The Venerable Archdeacon Thorp, Warden of the University of Durham. — The Very Reverend Dr. Lee, Principal of the University of Edinburgh. — Reverend J. Wheeler, President of the University of Vermont, U. S. — Rev. R. P. Buddicom, Principal of St. Bees College. — Reverend Dr. Williamson, Head Master of Westminster School. — Reverend Dr. Tait, Head Master of Rugby School, &c. &c. Libraries. — The Royal Library, Berlin. — Balhol Coll. Oxford. — Gonville and Cains, Pembroke, and Queen's Coll. Cambridge. — Wadham and Worcester Coll. Oxford. ^Trinity Coll. Dublin. — University of Edinburgh. — King's Coll. London. — Advocates' Library, and Library of the Writers to the Signet, Edinburgh. — St. Bees Coll. — Cathedrals of Chester and Cashel. — The London Institution. — The London Library. — The Chetham Library, Manchester; and many other Collegiate, Public, and School Libraries, &c. &c. 14 THE COUNCIL AND OFFICERS. THE COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR 1845-6. President. The Right Honourable Lord Ashley, M.P. Treasurer. Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. Council. Rev. R. G. Baker — Rev. C. Benson, Canon of Worcester. — Rev. E. Bickersteth. — John Bridges, Esa. — John Bruce, Esq. — Rev. Guy Bryan. — Rev. Richard Burgess. — Rev. T. Townson Churton, Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. — Hon. William Covtper. — Rev.W. H. Cox, Vice Principal, St. Mary Hall, Oxford. — Rev. J. W. Cunningham. — Rev Thomas Dale, Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's. — Ven. Dr. Dealtry, Archdeacon of Surrey. — Rev. W. Goode. — Rev. John Harding. — Rev. Edward Hoare, — Joseph Hoare, Esq. — Rkv. T. H. Horne, Canon of St. Paul's — Hon. Arthur Kinnaird. — Hon. and Rev. B. W. Noel. — Henry Pownall, Esq. — Rev. Josiah Pratt. — Rev. M. M. Preston. — Rev. Daniel Wilson. Honorary Librarian. George Stokes, Esq., Cheltenham. Editorial Secretary. Rev. James Scholefield, Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge Secretary for General Business. William Thomas, Esq. at the Office of the Parker Society, 33, Southampton Street, Strand, London. Auditors. Hon. A. Kinnaird,Rev. R.E Hankinson, H.Pownall,Esq.& F.Lowe, Esq. Bankers. Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, and Co., No. 16, St. James's Street. REGULATIONS FOR DELIVERY OF THE WORKS PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. I. They will be delivered, free of expense, at the Office, or within three miles of the General Post Office, London. II. They wiU be sent to any place in England beyond the distance of three miles from the General Post Office, by any conveyance a Member may point out. In this case the parcels will be booked at the expense of the Society, but the carriage must be paid by the Members to whom they are sent. III. They will be delivered, free of expense, at any place in London which a Member, resident in the country, may name. IV. They may remain at the Office of the Society until the Members apply for them, but, in that case, the Society will not be responsible for any damage which may happen from fire, or other accident. V. They will be sent to any of the Correspondents, or Agents of the Society, each Member paying the Correspondent or Agent a share of the Carriage of the parcel in which the books were included. Arrangements are made for the delivery on this plan, in many of the cities and large towns where a sufficient number of members reside ; and ii will be eatecmed a favour if gentlemen who are willing to further the objects of the Parker Society, by taking charge of the books for the Members in their respective neighbourhoods, will write to the Office on the subject. VI. They will be delivered in Edinburgh and Dublin as in London, and forwarded from thence to Members in other parts of Scotland and Ireland, in the same manner as is mentioned above with respect to England. 15 ^ 3Lt6t of ti)c Seorfes ALREADY PUBLISHED BY THE PARKER SOCIETY. For the Year 184L The Works of Bishop Ridley. The Sermons and other Pieces of Archbishop Sandys. The Works of Bishop Pilkington. The Works of Roger Hutchinson. For the Year 1842. The Examinations and Writings of Archdeacon Philpot. Christian Prayers and Meditations. Letters of Bishop Jewell, and others, translated from the Originals in the Archives of Zurich, (1st Series). The Writings of Archbishop Grindal. Early Writings of the Rev. T. Becon, Chaplain to Archbishop Cranmer, and Prebendary of Canterbury. For the Year 1843. Fulke's Defence of the English Translation of the Bible. Early Writings of Bishop Hooper. Writings of Archbishop Cranmer on the Lord's Supper. The Catechism and other pieces of Becon. For the Year 1844. The Liturgies, Primer and Catechism of the Reign of Edward VI. Writings of Bishop Coverdale. Sermons of Bishop Latimer. The Flower of Godly Prayers, and other Pieces of Becon. For the Year 1845. Second Series of Letters from the Archives of Zurich. Writings of Bishop Jewel. Remains of Bishop Latimer. Devotional Poetry of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. Preparing for publication in the Year 1846, and following Year, as the subscriptions allow, and the volumes can be completed. A further portion of Bishop Jewel. Another portion of Bishop Coverdale. Calfhill's Answer to Martiall's Treatise on the Cross. Writings of John Bradford. The Remains of Archbishop Cranmer. Liturgies and Occasional Services of Queen Elizabeth. Original Letters relative to the English Reformation. 16 ^M of WioxU» ALREADY PUBLISHED AND UNDER CONSIDERATION BY THE PARKER SOCIETY. In Royal Octavo. — Becon* — Cranmer* — Jewel* — Whitgift — Parker — Bullin- ger's Decades — Alley — Whitaker. InDemy Octavo.— Ridley*— Pilkington*—Pliilpot*—Fulke*—Nowell— Cover- dale* — Curtis — Bale — Tyndale — Fryth — Barnes — Sandys* — Hutchinson*— Grindal* — Hooper* — Latimer* — Bradford — Cooper — Fox — Taverner — Calf hill, and others; Royal Authors, Documents of the Reign of Edward VL* — Documents relative to the Reign of Queen Mary — Documents of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth — Letters from the Archives of Zurich* (three series) — 'Letters and Documents from Archbishop Parker's MSS. in C.C. C.C. — Occasional Services of Queen Elizabeth's Reign — The Homilies — Some volumes of Sermons preached before King Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth, at St. Paul's Cross, in the Universities, and on various occasions — Several volumes of Tracts and small Pieces — Various Letters and Docu- ments — Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum — Queen Elizabeth's Prayer Book — Devotional Poetry of the Sixteenth Century* — Christian Meditations and Prayers, and some other Devotional Manuals.* It is calculated that the Works above stated may be included in about 18 or 20 volumes royal octavo, and 50 volumes demy, and that the whole may be completed in sixteen years from the commencement. A few pieces of peculiar interest may probably be printed as fac similes. The list, however, is not to be considered as definitely settled. It is not possible to state the order in which the volumes will appear, but each will be complete in itself. The whole series (fully equal to a hundred volumes of demy octavo), when completed, will have cost the original subscribers only about sixteen pounds, paid in as many years, and in proportion for parts of the series. The Parker Society is also engaged in a complete examination of the State Paper Office, and is under engagement to print the Letters and Documents from that Repository in a separate form, by the express desire of Her Majesty's Government. The Works of the Authors to whose names this mark (*) is appended, have been already printed, in whole or in part, and delivered to the Subscribers. All correspondence respecting subscriptions, or the delivery of the Books, is to be addressed to William Thomas, Esa., Secretary for General Business, To whom all Bank and Post Office Orders are to be made payable, AT THE OFFICE OF THE PARKER SOCIETY, 33, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON. Printed at the Milton Press, corner of Charing Cross Hospital, Strand. J^^ Date Due fAGUU'^ »*»f|Pii> »Ji.J— JtVW *.. ^m iW*- mr^ jvii M49&: N,