ii!l!ii;illll!!|||i; I 'lliiliili' BR 757 .B9 1846 Burn, John Southerden, 1798- 1870. The history of the French, Walloon, Dutch and other THE ENTRANCE to the FRENCH CHURCH. OIL diE Under croft of Cantejrloury Ca.th£. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. French Protestants in England, temp. Edward VI. — The Walloons, —The Letters Patent of 1550.— The Duke D'Alva in the Nether- lands. — The Manufactures introduced, temp. Edward III. — The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, 1572. — Riots in London, on account of the Strangers, 1586, 1592, 1596. — Subscription of the Strangers, in 1588. — The Edict of Nantes .. .. 1 — 16 CHAPTER II. The Revocation of the Edict, 1685. — New influx of Strangers into England, Ireland, America, &c. — New Manufactures. — Order in Council, and Briefs in favour of the Refugees. — Their Incorporation. —Chapels built, &c. 17—23 CHAPTER III. The Walloon Church in London 24—37 CHAPTER IV. The French Churches, at Canterbury, Sandwich, Norwich, and Southampton . . . . . . . . , . . . 38 — 89 CHAPTER V. The French and Walloon Churches, at Glastonbury, Rye, Win- chelsea, Dover, Faversham, Whittlesey, Sandtoft, Thome Abbey, Wandsworth, Durham House, Somerset House, and the Savoy, afterwards " Les Grecs." .. .. .. .. 90 — 115 CHAPTER VI. Provincial French Churches, established after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, — at Greenwich, Hammersmith, Chelsea, Thorpe, Bristol, Plymouth, Stonehouse, Exeter, Barnstaple, Dartmouth, and Bideford .. .. 116—133 vm. CHAPTER VII. The French Churches established ha London, after the Revocation. — Tlic French Hospital and School 134—184 CHAPTER Vni. Tlie Dutch Churches in London, Norwich, Colchester, Yarmouth, Sandwich, Maidstone, Dover, Canvey Island, Stamford, and Thet- ford,— The Dutch Chapel Royal 185—223 CHAPTER IX. The Spanish, Italian, and Greek Churches . . . . 224—232 CHAPTER X. The Swiss Chapel. — The German Lutheran Chapel Royal. — The German Lutheran Chapels in Trinity Lane, the Savoy, Little Ailie Street, and Hooper Square. — The Danish and Norwegian Chapel, and the Swedish Chapel 233—246 CHAPTER XL The French Protestant Churches in Ireland .. 247 — 251 CHAPTER XII. Foreign Manufactures introduced or improved by the Refugees 252—263 APPENDIX. Charters, &c. . . . . . . . . . . 265 CHAPTER I. For a long time prior to the 16th century there had been many foreigners settled in England, carrying on mercantile operations with Antwerp, Venice, and various other European states. The principal object, however, of this and the following chapter is to notice the two large influxes of foreigners occa- sioned, about the middle of the 1 6th century by the cruelty of the Spaniards in the Netherlands, and by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew ; and about the latter end of the 17th century by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Edw. I. granted a charter, or declaration of protection and privileges, to foreign merchants, and also determined the cus- toms or duties which these merchants were in return to pay on merchandize imported and exported. He promised them pro- tection, allowed them a jury on trials, consisting half of natives and half of foreigners, and appointed them a Justiciary in London. He imposed on them a duty of 2s. on each tun of wine imported, over and above the old duty, and 40 pence on each sack of wool exported, besides half a mark, the old duty. But notwithstanding this seeming attention to foreign mer- chants, the King did not free them from the cruel hardship of making one answerable for the debts, and even for the crimes, of another that came from the same country. By the 1st. Ric. HI, cap. 9, it appears there were great numbers of merchants, strangers of the nation of Italy, as Venetians, Genoese, Florentines, Apulians, Sicilians, Luccaners, Cateloins, &c. and by that act they were subjected to various restraints in trade. 2 III ir>40aM Act was passed concerning strangers, with the following preamble : — "The King our most dread Sovereign Lord, calling unto his blessed remembrance the infinite number of strangers and aliens of foreign countries and nations which daily do increase and multiply, &c." It then recites the various Acts past relating thereto and makes further enactments. And in 1 546, the King granted a License to Stratta Cavalcanti and Guido Cavalcanti his brother, Florentine merchants, to import all manner of jew- ellery, &c., &c. " Fringes, Parsamentys, and all other new Gentilesses, for the pleasure of us, of our dearest Wife the Queen, our Nobles, Gentle- men and others." — Ri/mer, vol. I6,2)affe 105. Strype in his Memorials of the year 1547, says — " Now I conjecture, were the beginnings of the foreigners' church planted at Canterbury by the countenance and influence of Archbishop Cranmer." One or two learned foreigners were in this city under the Archbishop's auspices — one of these, was John Utenhovius, a person of honourable rank and quality, afterwards elder and assistant to John a Lasco's church in London — others were Valerandus Pollanus, and Franciscus, and the year after Bucer was here. About this time also it was, that " one day when Latimer was preaching before the young King Edward VI. he spoke to him of a distinguished Theologian, who had begun to preach to the foreign Protestants assembled in London, the truths of the gospel : liis name was Jean a Lasco. ' I could wish,' said Latimer, 'that we could collect together such valu- able persons in this kingdom, it would be the means of en- suring its prosperity.' ' He who receives you,' said our Saviour, ' receives me.' Some time after, the King granted a Charter " to all the foreign Protestants," as will presently be noticed. "In the year 1549, the persecution m France grew very warm, which was partly occasioned upon the inauguration of King Henry II, and his entrance into Paris for that purpose. For the burning of martyrs in several streets of the city, where and when the King was to pass by, made a barbarous part of the solemnity. In this year, many French Protestants who had been imprisoned for religion in their own country, were either banished, or secretly made their es- cape into this kingdom. These applied to some French ministers, entertained as it seems in the family of Archbishop Cranmer, with Bucer, Peter Martyr, and others, which ministers delivered the con- dition of these poor men to the Archbishop."* In the year 1555, King Edward VI. granted to the foreign Protestants, a Charter for the exercise of their religion, and granted to them the church of the Augustine Friars, appoint- ing John a Lasco to be their superintendent, and Gualterus Deloenus, Martinus Flandrus, Franciscus Riverius, and Rich- ardus GaUus the first ministers. The Charter will be found in the appendix, and a detailed account of John a Lasco will be found in the chapter relating to the London Dutch Church. The Refugees experienced some reverses during the reign of Queen Mary, but were greatly protected and encouraged by Elizabeth, who in 1560, wrote a letter to the Church, in * Peter Martyr was invited over in the King's name by Cranmer, and had a pension of forty marks a year, as had Ochinus, who was made a Canon of Canterbury, with a dispensation of residence. Fagius was Hebrew Pro- fessor at Cambridge, and had a pension of £100. Peter Martyr had the Divinity Chair at Oxford, and Bueer that of Cambridge, with a salary of £100. Rapin, 2, p. 11, n. In King Edward's Diary in his own hand writing, which is preserved in the British Museum, is the following notice of Bucer's death. (1551), " February 28th ; the lerned man Bucerus died at Cambridge, who was tow daies after buried in Saint Maries Church at Cambridge, al the hole Universitie al the hole towne bringing him to the grave to the nombre 3000 persons; also, there was an oracion of Mr. Haddon made verie elo- quently at his death, and a seimon of , after that, Mr Redman made a thirde sermon, which three sermons made the people wonderfully to lament his death. Last of al, all the lerned men of the Universitie made their epitaphes in his praise, laieng them on his grave." wliich she said, " Wo arc not ignorant that the ceremonies, &c., have been different in the various Churches since the birth of Christianity — in some, the congregation prayed stand- ing, in others, kneebng, — it is nevertheless the same religion, provided their prayers are addressed to the same God. We do not despise your service, and we do not constrain you to adopt ours. We approve ol" your ceremonies, inasmuch as they accord best with the countries whence you come." The great influx, however, of foreigners was in the year 1567, when " upon the report of the Duke D 'Alva coming into the Netherlands witli 10,000 veteran soldiers, the trading people of the town and country withdrew from the provinces in such vast numbers, that the Duchess of Parma, the Governess, wrote to Philip II., that in a few days above 100,000 men had left the country with their money and goods, and that more were following every day." These trading people called Walloons,* fled in great numbers to England, and settled at Canterbury, Norwich, Southampton, Sandwich, Colchester, Maidstone, and other towns, introducing the Manufactures of Woollen, Linen, and Silk Weavers, Dyers, Cloth-dressers, Silk Throwsters, &c., and teaching the English to make Bayes, Sayes, and other light Stuffs. In like manner, about the year 1360, the Belgians and Flemings (driven from home by frequent inundations), had taught the English the art of making woollen cloths,t of which they were before ignorant, * Walloons, were the inhabitants of a considerable part of the French and Austrian low countries, viz. : those of Artois, Hainault, Namur, Luxemburg, and part of Flanders, and Brabant. The language of the Walloons, is the ancient unadulterated Gaulish. — Chambcrs''s Encyclopcrdia. The trade of Norwich was increased to that extent on this occasion, that the sale of Norwich stuffs alone, amounted to £100,000. a year, besides the stocking manufacture which was also very extensive. So much has the Government thought this trade worth protecting, that there are no less than fourteen statutes, besides many writs, proclamations, and ordinances esta- l>li>>ln'd to guard it. t !■ idler ui hi-. Church History, gives an account of the arrival of the Dutch being till then only skilled in husbandry, sheep-keeping, and war ; for the Belgians and Flemings then supplied the whole world with cloth."* With reference to this period, Strype observes in his Annals: " The Protestants were now [1568] miserably harassed in France by their unnatural King — edicts for the free exercise of their religion broken, their ministers banished, and much blood spilt ; and those in the Netherlands persecuted intolerably by the Duke D 'Alva, that breathed out nothing but blood and slaughter. Great numbers of them therefore from all parts, daily fled over hither into the Queen's dominions ; the Pope took upon him in his bull, to charge the Queen, for these poor strangers, in these slanderous words, viz. : " That all such as were the worst of the people resorted hither, and were by her received into safe protection." In this year, all provisions were at a low price, although a dearth had been expected. The Bishop of Norwich, in his correspondence with the Divines of Helvetia, adds, that he in the Reign of Edw. III., by whom they were encouraged to settle in this country, where they established the following Manufactures : — At Norwich . . . . Fustians Sudbury .. ,, Baizes Colchester . . Sayes and Serges Kent . . Kentish Broad Cloths Devonshire .. .. Kerseys Gloucestershire "» Worcestershire / Wales . . . . Welch Friezes " This new generation of Dutch were now sprinkled every where, though generally (where left to iheir own choice), they preferred a maritime habita- tion." — Fuller'' s Church History, p. 110. The Flemings taught the manufacturing of our Wool into Broad-cloth, Rashes, Flannel, and Perpetuanas, by which our lands were advanced from 10 and 12 to 20 and 22 years purchase, and the interest of money fallen from 10 to 6 and 5 per cent. On the 12th June, 1606, James I. was made free of the Clothier's Company. * Meterani. Hist. Bclg. Liij. quoted in Macpberson's Annals of Commerce vol. ii. p. 144. In Westmoreland . . Kendal Cloth Lancashire Manchester Cotton Yorkshire . . Halifax Cloths Somerset . Taunton Serges Hants ~) Berks \ .. Cloth Sussex 1 6 ;in(l others were ])crsuadc(l, that this blessing from God hap- j)eiied by reason ol' the godly exiles, who were here kindly harboured.* The success of these strangers gave great offence both in London and the provincial towns in which they settled. The retail tradesmen charging them with retailing as well as manu- ♦ In this year, there was granted to certain foreigners in England, a freedom from arrest, liy reason of the seizure of their property by the Duke D 'Alva in the Nethfrhinds ; accordingly, lists of the names of the members of the foreign churches planted in London, were sent to the Court and to the Bishop of London. Strype's Grindall has a list of the Dutch, (Appx. p. 52,) and see the Lansdown MSS. vol. X. No. 62. Strypc says England was called " Christi Asylum, or Sanctuary for Christ." Between 15G0 and l.jfii), there were several searches in London for strangers, and every ward in London sent a return of the difTerent foreigners in their wards, their trades and occupations, how long they had been come over, and to what churches they resorted. The articles of encjuiry are in the Lansdown MSS. vol. x. No. 46, and the third enquiry is " Whether they be setters forwarde, or favorers of anie naughtie religion or sect ?" 1567. The Bishop of London's " certificate of thenombers of all manner of straungers within the severall wardes and parishes of the saide citie, as foUow- eth, viz. :" the number of "Venetians 10 — Italians 128 — Frenche 512 — Duche 299.3 — Portingalls 23 — Skottes 36 — Blackmors 2 — Spaniards 54— Gretians 2 — " making 3760 to be the "sum total of all the straungers aforesaide." To this account is added a list of those in the out-parishes, where they amount to 1091, of which 303 were in the precincts of St. INIartin le Grand, 266 in St. Katherine, and 175 in St. Martin's in the Fields. — ('Burleigh's State Pupe>'s, by Haynes, p. 455.) Of the above numbers (making together 4851), 3838 were Flemings ; the names and particulars of these foreigners may be seen in the Lansdown IVISS. vol. x. No. 5, where they are noticed thus : Derick Peterson, Cobler, and Anne his wife, borne in Dutch-lande, cormorant in London xxv. yeares, and have ij sonnes and j daughter borne in England. Garrett Unkle, Hat Maker, and Ellyn his wiffo a Dutchwoman, of contynuance xxij yeares. Jeremiuo .lerlito, a Preacher of contynuance ij yeares. Jacolyne le Frenche, girle kept of alms. The return in 1568, states the houses "pestered with the greatest numbers of them," and comprizes Ma.stcr John Thomas, Doctor of Lawe, Doucluman. 7 facturing their goods, and employing themselves as tailors, shoemakers, &c., to the detriment of the English artizan. Among the papers at the Dutch Church, is a list of the strangers in London, who were so interfered with about 1568. Hubert Dovylley, a Caster of Pryntinge Lres. James de la Forest, a Setter of Lres. John, from the Hedge, Tailor, a Doucheman. Lawrence Bourguinonus, Minister of the Household of Cardinal Castilion. James Marchvilions, Minister. The French Cardinal lying in Hans Hunter's house, hath to the number of forty servants. In 1581, a representation was made, probably to the Privy Council, or to the Bishop, of certain strangers in variou* parishes who did not go to Church ; amongst these are Horacio Pallavicino, Evangelisto Constantien, Acerbo Velu- telli. Gyles Pavelopelo, " Si"^ John Peter Kn' and the Ladie his wief cometh not to churche, but saieth he hereth service att the cote," Domingo Cussilari, Domingo de Camilo, Vincencius Faliolio, and Marcus Grado, Glassmakers, (Lansd. MSS. vol. xxxiii. 59), and by a return for the same year (1581,) the strangers were thus classed : English Church . . . . 1043 . . 463 Denizens French „ .. .. 1149 .. 1462 Mer Strangers Italian „ .. .. 66 Dutch „ .. .. 1364 No Church .. .. 287 3909 Names of certain especial strangers meet to be enquired of which are of no Church : Jacob Powell a Physition and Surgeon. Ambrose his Man. Jacob Hinck a Velvet Wever. John Coke a Scholar. In vol. Iviii. No. 16, is a list taken in 1685 of the strangers in St. Martin's le Grand, with the names of their wives and servants, the Church they frequent, and the date of their denization. The summary is Householders .. ,. .. 71 Wives ., .. .. 39 Children and Servants . . . . 51 161 8 The names of such poore strangers of the Dutch and French con- gregations in London, as arc daylie arrested and served by sondry informers, upon penall statutes for usinge and exerci singe their seve- rall vocations, and not beinge borne within her ma'^'" domynions. Goosen vander Bccke, Candell-maker, borne at Gaunte ; Peter Jacobs, Seller of Cloth by greate, borne at Andwerpe ; Widowe Vrolicke Seamster, borne at Sandwich; Daniel Gamout, Candell- maker, borne at Maidston ; John Ilogiers, a lodger of Duchmen, borne at 'V'allencine ; (and thirty-seven others.) "Alltheis poore men most humblie beseech y' accordinge to her ma" moste princelye pleasure and gratious incl}Tiation heitherto towardes them, that some such good order male be taken and sett downe imder ye great seale of England, or otherwise as to your good Lps. grave wisedome, shall seeme most meete. That they and y* rest of y« saide congregations, maye no more be thus daily vexed and put to charges ; but quietly use and exercise their severall voca- tions, to mainteyne their waves, children, and families." Another influx of foreigners took place upon a memorable occasion in 1572. On St. Bartholomew's day in that year, that most horrible massacre of the Protestants in Paris was perpetrated, sanc- tioned by the King, who even participated in the horrid de- struction of his subjects.* Orders were sent to several of the large towns, inciting them to similar outrages, and about twenty-five thousand French Protestants perished on this occa- sion ; many flew to England, and the French King demanded that the Queen should admonish, or rather command them to leave the Realm, as rebels to His Majesty.f * He ordered bonfires, processions, and public thanksgivings in honour of tliese glorious achievements. The Pope also, Gregory XIII. proclaimed a public Jubilee on the occasion, and caused medals to be struck in com- memoration of the event. (Strype's Parker, App. No. 68.) I The Count de Montmoroncy and the Vidame dc Chatres escaped on horse hack half-naked, and reached the Coast of Normandy, with about ten of their followers, and thence crossed over to England. Strype relates that Queen Eliza))eth had great pity for the Vidame, and wrote to the King of France in his behalf (.AnnaK ii p. 268.) On the sacking of Antwerp in 1585, one tliird part of the merchants and the workmen who worked and dealt in silks, damasks, and taffeties, and in baizes, sayes, serges, stockings, &c., settled in England, because England was then ignorant of those manufactures, f Huet on the Dutch Trade, quoted in Macphersons Commerce. J The strangers were not without their troubles, even in Eng- land ; many of those that came over in Queen Elizabeth's reign were shoe-makers, and in 1576, the Cordwainer's Com- pany procured a commission to enquire of certain aliens born, whether they were denizens, and whether they paid their quarteridge, &c., &c., and in 1578 the Free Shoe-makers petitioned the Lord Treasurer, and stated that certain strangers of the artj viz. : Francis Gerers, Daniel Swaits, John Yong, Edward Tyson, Leonard Harman, and others did not come to the Hall and take their oaths according to the order of the Star Chamber, in King Henry the eighth's time : and prayed that the Queen's orders might be obeyed. — Stow. p. 300. In the Lansdown MSS. x. No. 60., is the following docu- ment, no doubt a complaint to the Privy Council of certain persons acting as Factors or Agents of foreign houses. Theis names that are hereunder wryten are of the Frenche and Dutche Churche, and yet are thought for their releyfe, to be Factors for other men that dwell beyonde the seas. OF THE DUTCHE CHURCHE. Martin Vanpiene, Factour for the Oyegh broth : Guillam de Santtune being a Denyson, is thought to be facf for dyv"^ men. OF THE FRENCHE CHURCHE. Harman Pottey beinge longe past of the Frenche Churche, is for his Monsieur Colbert told the King of France, " I am sorry to say it, that too many of your Majesty's subjects are already among your neighbours, in the quality of footmen and valets, for their daily bread. Many of the artizans too, are fled from the severity of your collectors j they are at this time im- proving the manufactures of your enemies." C 10 relevfc, factor to John Delafayllio, whose goods and debts is all under arrest, as the goods and debts of John Delafaj-Uio. Hans Hofstart and Peter Bowell are fact'' for d3-v'' men. OF THE ITALYAN CHURCHE. John Bothermaker is factor for Gillo Hostma : Peter Vanderwell ys factor for the Lowbells. In the year 158G, the Apprentices of London raised an insur- rection in the city against the French and Dutch strangers, but especially against the French. Several of these youths (of the Plaisterer's Company) were taken and committed to Newgate upon the Queen and Council's commands, and the Recorder and other Magistrates of the city were in search for the prin- cipal captain. In 1592, the strangers who dealt in retail trades, were com- plained of by the English shopkeepers and freemen of London, as spoiling their trades ; amongst other things, that they re- tailed in cities, towns corporate, and the suburbs of cities and other exempt places, which the English retailers were pre- vented from doing, by the I. and IL Phil, and Mary. A bill was accordingly brought into Parliament in 1593 : Sir John WoUey, (Secretary for the Latin tongue to the Queen) and Sir Robert Cecil spoke against the bill, and Sir Walter Raleigh in I'avour of it, the latter complaining bitterly of the strangers. The bill passed the Commons, but a dissolution of Parliament taking place, the strangers were left in posses- sion of all the indulgence and hospitality they had previously enjoyed.* ♦ On the 4th May, 15'J3, a complete list was brought in of the number of strangers with the children and servants, according to certificates made by the several wards of London, viz. : Sir^»S''^^ 1 r Denizens .. 267 Their Children j Whereof n Women Servants J I No Denizens 737 English born servants kept by strangers .. .. 959 English born, set on work by strangers .. .. 534 Lord Clarendon in his history of the Rebellion, (vol. ii. p. 141,) notices the 11 In the year 15S8, there being a loan charged by the Queen upon the city, the Companies of London subscribed separately. The strangers also subscribed among themselves £4,900.* Their names and subscriptions are as follow : Anthony Emerick John Pook James White . . Domynick Busher John Hublone . . Eustace Trevachio Peter Margacie Lucas Bawdet . . Horacio Palaircino Water Artson . . Garet de Malines Philip Cursini . . Gyles Hurehlocke Thomas Cotell GuyUam de Best Michael Corsellis Roger Van Peine Gyles de Fysher Wassel Weblyn, (Brewer) 100 £ £ 100 Peter Buskell . . 200 100 Andrian de Porter 100 100 John Godscall . 200 100 James Godscall 100 100 Peter Tryan» . . 200 100 Hans Walters . . . 100 100 Peter de Coster 100 100 Peter Samyne 100 300 Nycolas de la Noy 100 100 Abraham Van Delden . 100 200 Emanuel Demetris 100 200 Vincent de la Bar 100 100 Lewis Sayes 100 200 Mychael Lemon 100 200 Hans Pyke 100 100 Nicholas de Gozzi 300 200 Peter Vander Wall 100 100 Guydo Maloport 100 100 Balthazar Sanctes 100 settlement of these foreigners in various places in England, " whereby the wealth of those places marvellously increased," adding, " and besides the benefit from thence, the Queen (Elizabeth) made use of them in her great transactions of State in France and the Low countries, and by the mediation and interposition of those people, ke|)t an useful interest on that party, in all the foreign dominions where they were tolerated. * In the year 1621, the Lord Keeper in his speech at Guildhall about sub- sidies, beginning, "My Lords and Gentlemen all," was most importunate for the citizens' money. "And good reason," he says, "that strangers should somewhat exceed the natives, for look what laws ! what peace they have esta- blished by spilling of their own blood and their ancestors ! what favour of their own good King and Princes ! what purity of religion they have settled by the martyrdom of their own forefathers ! To all this milk and honey, to all these graces spiritual and temporal, is the stranger admitted so kindly, even at the first hour. Therefore, grudge not to spend a little, when you find you enjoy so much." C3IS. Speech, at Dutch Church. J 12 " In the yetir 1595, the poor tradesmen made a riot upon the strangers in Southwark and other parts of the city of London, where- upon was a presentment of the great inquest for the said borough, concerning the outrageous tumult and disorder unjustly committed there upon Thursday, June r2th, 1595, and the leaders were pun- ished, and also the chief offenders." (Stoic, 303.) The like tumults began at the same time, witliin the liber- ties (as they are called), where such strangers commonly liar- boured ; and upon the complaint of the elders of the Dutch and French churches, Su- John Spenser, the Lord Mayor, committed some young rioters to the Counter : and when some ol' their fellow apprentices and servants gathered in a body and attempted to break open the Counter, he went out in per- son and took twenty or more of them, and committed all to safe custody, and promised to proceed against them with all severity, as he signified in a letter to the Lord Keeper, dated 12th June, 1595.* In Somers's Tracts, vol. ii. 396, are seven reasons against the passing of a bill, intituled ''An Act for the enabling the Protestant Strangers to exercise their Trades" in the places in the said Act mentioned. In the year 1598, Henri IV. passed the famous Edict of Nantes, by which his subjects of the reformed religion were permitted to reside in all cities and places within the kingdom, and were allowed the free exercise of their religion, without being "examined, molested, troubled, or constrained to do anything in matters of religion against their consciences." For a time, therefore, in France, " the land had rest," but the foreigners in this country were too well oft' to think of return- ing to their native homes. They had embarked their capital ♦ On several subsequent occ.isions, complaints have been raised aa^ainst foreigners ; but in a clever pamphlet, published in 1722, the writer says — " Upon the whole it appears that we have been infinitely obliged by foreigners, and that we can boast of nothing that's great or good, but what is of exotic growth. Yea, ourselves originally, as well as our glories, are of a foreign descent. Our father was an Aniorite, our mother an Hittite. A Frenchman, a Britun, a Dane, and a Saxon make an Entflixhiiiun.'" p. 36. 13 here, they were protected in their trade and in their religion ; their children were mostly English born, and were beginning to intermarry with the English ; all these considerations ope- rated in inducing them to give up their native country, and the subsequent revocation of this very Edict, has but too sadly proved how prudently they determined to renounce the land of their birth, for that of their choice. Pensionary De Witt in his Interest of Holland, under the year 1 G69, speaking of the increased power of England, be- gins so far back as the preceding century. Thus when the compulsive laws of the Netherland Halls had first driven the cloth-weaving from the cities into our villages, and thence into England, and that, by the cruelty of the Duke D 'Alva, the say-weaving went also after it ; the English, by degrees, began to vend their manufactures throughout Europe, " they became potent at sea, and no longer to depend on the Nether- lands ; so that England now, by its conjunction with Scotland being much increased in strength, as well by manufactures as by a great navigation, will in all respects be formidable to all Europe according to the proverb, ' a master at sea, is a lord at land.' "* * In a pamphlet, intituled (The Danger of the Church and Kingdom from Foreigners considered, 8vo. 1722 — 642 in London Instii :J are the following remarks : While our trade was confined within the circle of the Island, and made no sallies out, England was but the skeleton of a kingdom — how empty were our coffers! Daughters without portions — land without cultivation —texts with- out preachers — preferments (such as they were) without learning. Imperitum est animal homo, si circumscribatur natalis soli sui fine. (Seneca.J Now, the greatest gentlemen aflfect to make their junior sons Turkey merchants, and while the diligent son is getting an estate by foreign traffic, the wise father at home employs his talent in railing at foreigners. Your fine fan, madam, is Indian, therefore, when you rail at foreigners, let it at least conceal the face that ought to blush." p. 15. " For a long time however, foreign silk goods continued to be preferred in this country, and in the year 1668, the tide of fashion set entirely in favour of French fabrics ; so that it became a complaint that " the women's hats were turned into hoods made of French silk, whereby every maid servant became a standing revenue to the French King, of one half of her wages." 14 Upon the death of Queen Elizabeth, the Ibrelgn churclies lost their best friend ; their first settlement in England had commenced about the period of her accession to the throne, and during the whole of her long reign she had interested herseir, both at home and abroad, on their behalf; and while she thus advocated their welfare, she advanced to a vast extent the commercial prosperity of her own dominions. Her successor James 1. after allnding to certain theological writings he had jinblished, and which he considered calculated to tranquillize the foreign churches, as to his intentions to- wards them, says " Je vous protegerai, ainsi quil convient a un bon Prince de defendre tons ceux qui ont abandonne leur patrie pour la religion — Mon desir est de vous defendre, comme a fait la reine ma Socur, renommee par tout le monde, qui vous a re9u en son royaume, et pour laquelle vous avez prie Dicu. Que si aucun etait si ose que de vous molester en vos Eglises, vous adressant a moi, je vous ferai telle justice qu'ils n'auront point d'envie par aprez d'y retovu-ner."* (Tn French, 21 May, 1603.) Charles I. made similar promises on the 30th April, 1625, to the deputies from the foreign churches, who addressed him on his accession ; and in the following year he published a warrant, by which he commanded all oiKcers of the Crown to permit all strangers, members of the foreign churches and their children, peaceably to enjoy all the privileges and immunities which had been formerly granted to them ; " vu la belle recep- tion et les bons precedes que rc^oivent au dela des mers nos sujets et Icurs enfans."t The unsettled state of aflairs during the commonwealth, and the changes both religious and political, appear to have affected the foreign churches in this country ; but they were relieved by the restoration, and the loth clause of the Act • In this rcig:n, IVIr. Biirlamach a Merchant of London, brought weavers from al)r()ad. — ( iMrdnrr^s Encyc.J 1 (M. Baup. Discoius llisf.) 15 of uniformity provided that the penalties of that Act should not extend to *' the foreigners or aliens of the foreign reformed churches, allowed or to be allowed by the King's Majesty, his heirs and successors in England." (14 Car. II. cap. iv.) " Je suis joyeaux de vous avoir oui," said Charles II. (26 May, 1660), "et vous remercie de vos bons souhaits — Assurez vous que sous notre protection vous aurez autant de liberie que vOus avez jamais eu sous aucun de mes predecesseurs."* In a future chapter it will be seen how James II. provided for the French refugees, increased as their numbers were by the immigration consequent on tlie revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which took place a few months after his accession. The strangers also had some trouble about their religion, for their descendants appear to have been claimed by the English church, as a part of its flock. After Laud's promotion to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, he sent to the Dutch, Walloon, and French congregations, who had obtained so many privileges from former kings, and particularly the liberty of celebrating divine service after their manner, two injunc- tions — 1 . That all the natives of the Dutch and Walloon congregations in liis Grace's diocese, should repair to their several parish churches, of those several parishes where they inhabited, to hear divine service and sermons, and perform all duties and payments required in that behalf. 2. That the ministers and all other of the Dutch and Walloon congregations, which were not natives and bom subjects to the King's Majesty, or any other strangers that should come over to them, while they remained strangers, might have and use their own discipline, as formerly they have done, yet it was thought fit that the English Liturgy should be translated into French and Dutch, for the better setthng of their children to the English Government. Rapin. vol. a. p. 293. * Soon after this (in 1629), the Master Wardens, &c., of silk throwsters were established. 10 The application of these injunctions was very general, since it affected all that were born in the kingdom, viz. : all the descendants of such as had fled hither since the reign of Edw. VI. and consequently there could be but very few of the con- gregations who were born out of the kingdom. These injunctions pressed particularly on the Kentish churches, as will be seen in a future chapter on Canterbury, and they were " molested and disquieted some three or four years space, some of them interdicted, suspended, and shut up for a time for refusing conformity — others of them dissolved, their ministers deserting them rather than submit to these in- junctions."* fPrynne's Trial of Laud. J * The matter was delayed from time to time, until the Scotch war came on, when it was probably put aside for more urg^ent considerations. The Archbishop was, at a subsequent period impeached by the House of Commons : one of the articles of his impeachment was as follows : 12. " He hath traitorously endeavoured to cause division and discord be- twixt the Church of England and other reformed Churches ; and to that end hath supprest and abrogated the privileges and immunities which have been by His Majesty and his royal ancestors granted to the Dutch and French churches in this Kingdom. And divers other ways has expressed his malice and disaffection to these churches, that so by such disunion, the Papists might have more advantage for the overthrow and extirpation of both." 17 CHAPTER II. For many years prior to the year 16S5, the Protestants in France had been oppressed by vexatious regulations, and laws; until at length the Edict of Nantes, (which had been considered fundamental and irrevocable), was, after innume- rable violations, annulled by " The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes," signed by Louis XIV. at Fontainebleau in 1685.* Upon this alteration in the law, thousands of French Protes- tants left their native land,t and England again became their chief asylum ; great numbers settled in London, while others augmented the congregations already established at Canter- bury, Norwich, and other provincial towns. They improved to a much higher degree of perfection, the fabricating of the silks called lustrings, brocades, satins, padua soys, ducapes, watered tables, and black and coloured velvets. Besides these, they manufactured watches, cutlery wares, clocks, jacks, locks, sur- geons' instruments, hardwares, toys, &c., &c. f Hasted, 421.) * The King by this Act revived the persecution against the Protestants, and drove into exile by his mistaken policy, above 500,000 of the most useful and industrious inhabitants of France. The situation of the ministers of the reformed religion was most distressing ; they were enjoined to quit the Realm within 15 days, and unless they abjured their faith, they had to choose between exile and the gallies, — if they resolved to leave the country, they must separate themselves from all who were dearest to them, except their wives, and such of their children as tvere under 7 years of age. t " It's certain that France is a very populous country, but when their feverish fits shall be over, and they shall in cold blood, consider what they have done, they will find their diminutions to be no matter of triumph, for 'tis not possible that so many substantial people, so many entire families, who distin- guish themselves in the arts and sciences, civil and military, can leave a king- dom, without being some day missed." An account of the persecutions in France, 1686. (M. Claude. J D 18 These emigrants were received in England with great kind- ness and consideration, and many pecuniary and other privi- leges were bestowed upon them.* "A part of the suburbs of London," sa5's Voltah-e in his Age of Louis the XIV. (meaning Spital Fields,) " was peopled entirely with French manufacturers in Silk.f For other arts some thousands of them helped to people the suburbs of Soho and St. Giles's. Others of them carried to England the art of making chrystal in perfection, which for that same reason was about this same time lost in France." In vol. i. he says " 600,000 fled from the persecution of Louis, car- rj'ing with them their riches, their industrj^ and implacable hatred against their King. And wherever they settled they became an ad- dition to the enemies of France, and greatly influenced those powers already inclined to War." * In 1C81, a denization (in pursuance of an Order in Council,) was granted to "Peter Allan and 1154 persons, men, women, and children, who (by reason of the severities used to them upon account of their religion,) have been forced to quit their native country, and a grant to them of such liberties and privi leges as his Majesty's natural subjects enjoy, provided, they and their families live in England or some other of his Majesty's dominions." In 1682, denizations to Lewis Essart, to Lewis Gervaise, and eleven others. In 1694, to Abraham Gilbert, Clerk, Henry Molbrayer, Clerk, and about 172 others, " distressed Protestants aliens born." In 1718, was the incorporation of the French Hospital — 13,500 refugees, settled in London and parts contiguous, and 2,000 at the Sea Ports where they landed, and were relieved by the money arising from a brief, by which £63,713 2*. 3(1. was collected. Of these, there were 140 families of persons of quality — 143 ministers and their families, — 144 families of lawyers, physicians, mer- chants, and citizens, — the rest were artificers and husbandmen. Yet on the 5th May, 1686, " there was burned in the old exchange by the common hangman, a translation of a book, written by the famous M. Claude, relating only matters of fact concerning the horrid massacre and barbarous proceedings of the French King against his Protestant subjects ; so mighty a power and ascendant here, had the French Ambassador. (Evelyn's Memoirs. J \ It may here be noticed, that the cotton manufactures of Rouen were sub- sequently established by an Englishman, Mr. Holker from Manchester; he had taken part with Prince Edward in 1745 ; was arrested and sent to prison, from which he escaped and found his way to Rouen, where he set up these manufactures, made a considerable fortune, and was created a baron. — Cath: Muij. \o. 17. p. 382. 19 The effect of the persecutions in France, was the settlement of French Refugees in other parts of the world. At New York there was in 1724, a congregation of French Protestant refugees, who had for their ministers the Rev. Lewis Ron and the Rev. I. I. Moulinars.* There was also one at Charles- town. f Three congregations were also settled in Dublin, and one at Cork, Kilkenny, Waterford, Lisburn, and Portarlington, and another in Edinburgh. Many refugees settled in Prussia, where they were very kindly treated, churches built for them, and their clergy sup- ported, so that in a few years they were rich enough to build several new streets in Berlin, and became persons of considera- tion in that capital. They were also encouraged in Germany, and in 1692, linen manufactures were established in Hamburg, for making fine table linen and dowlas, which were sold to the English, who had previously been supplied by France. It was not, however, only to those who had already taken * The following are the names of some of the cong^regation at New York. (Papers concerning Lewis Ron's affair, 4to. New York, 1725.) Peter Valette Thos. Bayeux John Cazalz Rene Hett Stepn. de Lancey Abm. Girard David Le Tellier Jerem. Lattouch Peter Chardaveyne John Barbarie Abm. Jouneau Lewis Care Joshua David Vincent Bodin Andrew Fresneau Noe Cazalet, &c., &c. In the year 1772, the congregation wrote to the London Walloon Church to send them a pastor : the letter was signed, Jacques Desbrosses, Ancien,— Jacques Buvelot, Ancien,— Frederic Bassell, Diacre,— Jean Pierre Chappelle, — John Aymar, — Jean Girault, — Francois Carre. t In the year 1731, the London Walloon Church received a letter from the congregation at Charlestown, requesting a pastor to be sent to them, who would receive £80. per annum, and £25. or more for his passage : the letter is signed, Peter Fillen, Etiemie Mounier, Matbnrin Boigard, Jean le Breton, Andre de Veaux, Anthoine Bonncau, Jacob Satur, Joel Poinset, Jean Gamier, Jaque le Chantre, C, Birot, 20 refuge in England, that the Government extended Its protec- tion, for encouragement was given to Protestants still remaining abroad, and accordingly on the 2 1st July, IGSl, a memorial was presented to King Charles II. in behalf of the distressed Protestants abroad, which he referred to the consideration of the Lords' Committee of the Council 15oard for Trade and Plantations, with directions to report their opinion thereupon, which they accordingly did on the 2Sth of July following ; and then the King in Council at Hampton Court, declared — " That he held himself obliged in honor and conscience to comfort and support all such afHicted Protestants, who, by reason of the rigours and severities which were used towards them upon account of their reUgion, should be forced to quit their native country, and should desire to shelter themselves under his Majesty's royal protec- tion, for the preservation and free exercise of their religion.* That he would grant every such distressed Protestant his letter of deniza- tion under the great Seal, without any charge, — and such further privileges and immunities as were consistent with the laws, for the free exercise of their trades. That he would recommend to Parlia- ment to pass an Act for the general naturalization of such Pro- testants, and for enlargmg their liberties and franchises, — that they should pay no greater duties than natural born subjects, and have the same privileges for introduction of their children into schools and colleges. That all officers, civil and military, should give a kind reception to such Protestants as should arrive at any of the outports, and furnish them with passports, and all assistance in their journies, with a free passage, with their goods and household stuiF, tools, and instruments, without exacting any thing from them, — that he would give order for a general brief throughout England, for the relief of such of them as stood in need." ♦ A book at Zioii College, A. B. 10, 22, has a list of thirty-two French cler- gymen in London, with the names of the towns in France from which they came. In the London Institution, is a printed case (withoiit date), in behalf of the poor French Protestants, referring to the declaration of King Chas. IL and l)raying for an allowance by Act of Parliament, either by a ta.\ on hackney roaches or otherwise. 21 —and His Majesty aj)pointed the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishop of London to receive all requests and petitions, that when any such Protestants came over, they might know where to address themselves. In addition to many thousands of pounds collected on a brief, and distributed in 1G87 to the refugees in pensions and weekly allowances, 15 churches were erected by means of the collection, viz. : 3 in London, and 12 in the several Counties, over and above those that were erected before. The collection amounted to £40,000. And on the 4th Sept., 1G89, letters patent were granted for incorporating certain P>ench Ministers with power to purchase land, build churches, &c. Upon the declaration of war in 1689 against France, the King published " A Proclamation for the encouraging French Protestants to transport themselves into this kingdom," de- claring that " Finding in his subjects a true and just sense of their dehve- ranee from the persecution, lately threatening them for their reli- gion, and of the miseries and oppressions the French Protestants lay under; such of them as should seek their refuge in, and transport themselves into this kingdom of England, should not only have his royal protection, but he would so aid and assist them in their several trades and ways of livelihood, as that their being in this realm might be comfortable and easy to them." (Rapin, vol. Hi. p. 89.^ — and the King in his speech to Parliament in 1695, ob- served, " compassion obliges me to mention the miserable circumstances of the French Protestants, who suffer for their religion." p. 302. The Order in Council for a general brief throughout the Kingdom, was dated the 16th of April, I6S7, and produced, with the two preceding briefs and money voted by Parliament, nearly £200,000., which was paid into the Chamber of Lon- don ; and, by a warrant under His Majesty's sign manual, the paymaster of His Majesty's annual pensions and bounties was directed to pay a yearly sum of £16,000. to be distributed by 22 " un Com'itc Laic,'''' amonjTst the poor French Protestants and their dependents. Out of this sum, however, was to be de- ducted £1,718. 4s. to be applied under the direction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, and the Bishop of London, ibr the support of French Protestant minis- ters* who were poor, and for those churches which were not endowed. Under the direction of the Archbishop, the Chan- cellor, and the Bishop of London, another committee was api)ointed, called the Comite Ecclesiastique, to distribute this £1718. 4s. During the administration of Horace Walpole, this £16,000 was reduced by nearly a half, and by a warrant under the sign manual of Geo. IL dated the II th December, 1727, the sum was fixed at £8,.591, out of which the £1,718. 4^. was to be deducted for the Comite Ecclesiastique, and to be paid to " poor distressed French ministers and converts from the Church of Rome being in holy orders. "f By another warrant, however, in 1729, these converts were excluded, upon a repre- sentation to the Crown, that many worthless and immoral persons came from France on purpose to partake of it. J About 1748, fresh persecutions in France compelled still further emigration from that country, and the congregations belonging to the various foreign churches in this country were augmented by the arrival of fresh refugees. • See Appendix, for list of French ministers in 1690. t See Pari. Debates 24 May, 1830 •, 10 March 1836. Protestant Companion, by Michael Mahinl, 1689. J The King, by this warrant .signed at St. .James's the 20th February, 1729, nominated as Grand Commissioners — the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, the Bishop of London, the Lord Mayor, and the Lord Chief Jus- tices of the King's Bench and Common Pleas; and the first Comit6 Ecclesias- tique was composed of the Rev. Paul Convenant, Etienne Abel, Ja((s. Bar- nouin, and Pierre Stehelin; and for Treasurer, Pierre Tirel. The Comite was afterwards composed of six clergymen, and the |)r(sent members are the Revds. Ja<|s. Sanil. Pons, Chas. Paroisscn, Rd. Cattermole, Wm. Rham, Jean Marie Mudry, and Henry Barrez, and Chas. Sterky, Esq., and 1. L. Andr6 Treasurer, «lic) hold (heir meetings at the French Church at Edward Street, Soho. 23 " Une violente persecution s'etant renouvellee en diverses provinces de la France, centre nos Freres, environ I'an 1748, grand nombre entr'eux vinrent se refugier dans ce Royaume, comme dans une autre Patrie, ou, a I'abri de tout danger ils re^urent, selon leurs besoins, des secours considerables, et trouverent des Eglises, dont les portes leur furent ouvertes avec plaisir. Agreable et precieuse recrue pour les Troupeaux ! Quantite de families se rangerent a celui-ci, et leurpiete nous est en edification." Boiirdillon's Sermon, 1782. The Revolution in France in 1794 occasioned some in- crease to the number of the emigrants in this country, but as those who left at this period were chiefly proscribed on ac- count of their political opinions, or their wealth, it is believed that the French Protestant churches, were not much affected by their arrival. We have now completed a retrospect of the several periods at which England was visited with bodies of Protestants, of the Walloons, French, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish. The last two appear to have left no remnant of their congregations, and it is scarcely known that they ever existed ; but of the for- mer, we have still some few of their places of worship remain- ing, though the worshippers be few ; we have yet the benefit of the commerce which they introduced, and the honour of the names of Romilly, Maseres, Saurin, Majendie, and others, as so many additions to the biography of the great and good of this favoured isle. 24 THE OLD WALLOON CHURCH IN TIIKEADNEEDLE STREET. CHAPTER III. THE LONDON WALLOON CHURCH. The French congregation, although possessing an equal right with the Dutch under the Charter of Edw. VI. to use the church in Austin Friars, called the Temple of Jesus, ap- pear to have found within a few months the inconvenience of using it in common with the Dutch upon all occasions ; a lease for twenty-one years was therefore obtained on the 16th Octo- ber, 15:50, from tlie Dean and Canons of Windsor, to the Superintendant, ministers, elders, and deacons of the French and Dutch church in London, of the church of St. Anthony's Hospital* in Threadneedlc Street, " for the use of the French ♦ The flospital of St. Antliony, was soiuctime a cell to St. Anthony's of Vienna. About 1485, it was annexed to the collcijiatc church of St. George, 25 and Dutch clmrch for sermons and administrations of sacra- ments." It appears too, that an agreement was made at John a Lasco's house in Bow Lane, between deputies of the two churches, that the Dutch should preach alone in the Temple of Jesus, provided they should repair at their own cost the chapel of St. Anthony for the use of the French ; that they should pay half of the rent paid to the Dean and Chapter of Windsor, and that the French should preach sometime in every year in the Temple of Jesus, to preserve the evidence of their right to it. The following memorandum in the hand writing of M. Cappel, (circa 1592) tends to shew that the earliest congre- gation in London was French, and that the Charter of Edward VI. had especial reference to them, although the Dutch were allowed the possession of the church granted to the strangers by that Charter. " II appert par pag. 3, de la preface d'un petit ouvrage de Mr, Walleran Poulain, Ministre a Glastonbury, imprime a Londres en 1552, qu'il y avoit, trois ans avant que cette preface fut ecritte, une Eglise en laquelle on parloit francois a Londres, sous la conduite de Mr. Richard Vauville, homme vraiment entier et parfait en le piete chretienne — or le livre est imprime en 1552, L'Eglise done y estoit des 1548 ou 1549, les autres Flamandes Italiennes viennent aprfes, et la patente est de Fan 1550 en laquelle il y a ces mots ' aians piti6 de la condition des bannis et etrangers qu'il y a assez long terns y a [ ] demeure en notre Royaume d'Angleterre.' Or qui estoient ceux la que ceux qui parloient francois P^ non les Flamens, Allemans' Italiens. Aaron Cappel." At the great fire of London, this church was burnt down. Windsor. One Johnson (a Schoolmaster here), became a Prebendary of Wind- sor, and then by little and little, followed the spoil of this hospital. He first dissolved the quire, conveyed away the plate and ornaments, then the bells, and lastly, put out the alms-men from their houses, appointing- them portions of twelve pence the week to each ; their houses were then let, and the church disposed of as a preaching place for the French nation. (Stow. J E 26 but was rebuilt at an expence of £3,300, by the French con- gregation alone, from collections and voluntary contributions. It aj^pears that they unsuccessfully urged the Dutch congrega- tion to contribute to the expense, first, because by the rebuild- in" thev would be relieved from the trouble of the French preaching in the Dutch church ; secondly, that the Dutch were to use the French church every month ; thirdly, that Francjois dc la Riviere and Rd. Francois, named in King Edward's patent, were French ministers, and that one of the conditions, on allowing the Dutch to use the Temple of Jesus, was, that they should pay half the rent of the French church. — The new building w'as opened for service on the 22nd of August, IC)G9. In April, 1840, it was purchased by the city, for the new^ approaches to the Royal Exchange, and on the IGtli of September, a jury valued the leasehold interest at £2,000., and the freehold at £1,977., the carving and interior fittings to be reserved for use in a new building. It was soon afterwards pulled down, and a new church has since been erected near the new post office, in St. Martin's le Grand ; and it is singular that this new church should be situated on land purchased for the purpose, of Christ's Hospital, an institution which also owed its origin to the piety and benevolence of Edw. VI. The new church, (to which a house for the Minister is at- tached) is from a design in pointed Gothic of Mr. Ovs^en, the Architect, and was opened for public worship on Sunday, the 19th of March, 1843, on which occasion the Rev. W. G. Dau- gars and the Rev. Fr. Martin preached to crowded congrega- tions, and several anthems were sung with the assistance of the excellent organ. The congregation has continued to increase, drawn together by the pious and talented discourses of the ministers, and by the excellent manner in which the whole ser- vice is performed, under the indefatigable superintendence of M. Daugars, the resident Pastor. Upon the completion of the church, a question of great importance occupied for some weeks the attention of the con- sistory, composed of the two pastors, and the elders and 27 deacons of the churcli, namely, as to the mode of consecration of their new temple. Some members of the consistory, ani- mated by the truest zeal and anxiety, thought that it would add great importance to the ancient French Protestant Church, if the Bishop of London were requested to come and conse- crate to God their new house of prayer. Others however, grounding their opinion upon the Presbyterian principle, the basis of this, as well as of all the Protestant churches of France, and recollecting the spirit of freedom and religious liberty which their fathers had transmitted to them, were op- posed to such a consecration, and, while all were entertaining the utmost respect and deference to the representative of the English church, it was decided that the consecration should be conducted according to the ceremonies of the Reformed Church of France. The consistory therefore chose the Rev. Fr. Mar- tin to read the prayers, and the Rev. W. G. Daugars to preach the inauguration sermon. It was also determined to invite the Lord Bishop to the ceremony, which was done by a suita- ble letter written by the pastors. His lordship in his reply, assured the consistory of his good wishes, and of the pleasure the invitation had given him, but being about to leave London on account of his health, he found it impossible to be present on the occasion personally, though he promised to be so with his prayers. On the front of the organ gallery, is a dedication of the church, embodying, in a few simple but expressive w^ords, the history of the faith and devotion of those early refugees who sacrificed their wealth, their country, their all, for the sake of their God and Saviour. The passages are taken from the exordium of the sermon preached by M. Daugars on the day of consecration, and are as follow : "Nous sommes les serv'iteurs du Dieu des cieux et de la terre, et nous rebatissons la maison que nos Peres fugitifs et persecutes pour leur foi. Sent venus batir ici 11 y a bleu des annees. " Eux, lis ont seme avec larmes. 28 " Nous, nous moissonnons avec chant de triomphe ! " Ici au milieu d'un grand i)eui)le, nos Peres ont trouve la douce hospitality, le repos : . Nous, — avec le toit paternel, nous y avons trouv^ la patrie ! " O Seigneur Eternel, tu as et^ toujours pour ton peuple, une retraite d'cige en age ! aussi, a toi Seul est d^s maintenant cette maison ! et dans cette maison, a Toi Seul sage, Seul mis^ricordieux, Sera notre adoration aux siecles des si&cles !" The strangers having obtained from Edwd. VI. the church of the Augustine Friars, used the same for their service. Those also settled at other cities and towns, obtained the use of some place for worship, and the whole united, (together with the Italian church), in holding synods for the good go- vernment of their churches and protection of their privileges. The first synod of which a full account has been met with, was held on the IGth of March, 1G03, when* the ministers from various French and Dutch churches attended. The next was in 1G34, on the occasion of the Archbishop Laud's injunction for conformity; the next were in lG41,t 1G44, and 1G47. Besides the synods, the Walloon and French congregations held conferences, f collogues J, composed of a minister and elder from each congregation, for the purpose of settling points of faith and discipline, and appeals from the consistories, &c. * (3 May, 1375, Coetus.) En la niesinc assemble du Coetus, dit cy devant, fut par ccux de I'Eglise flamende propose, que TEvesque de Loiidres avoit dit, que les anabaptistes deja prisonniers sils demeuroient obstinez seroient executez a la mort par Is Feu, ce que advenant nous voions beaucoup d'in- conv^nient a nos Eglises m^sme quil convient au regard des anabaptiste et de ccux (|ui inclincnt a Idles heresies cela n'a (vicne) par quel nioien on pouroit procurer moderation d'un tel decrct, fut conclu que ccux qui ont adresse aux Seig-neurs du Conseil j)rocurcroit jiardon sil cstoit possible, ct que cependant on parle a TEcvsque luy montrant la simplicity de ccs Gens. f In this year was published, certain regulations for church government, in- tituled " Police et discipline ecclesiastique, observ^e es Eglises de la Langue Fran(;aise, reciieillies en ce royaume d'Angleterre, sous la protection de notre Souvcrain Sire Charles (que Dieu conserve en toute heureuse prosperity) selon qu'eiie a ^t4 revue par le synode des dites Eglises, en Tan mdcxli." 29 These conferences were held annually, at the various places in rotation, at which the congregations belonging to the confer- ence were settled. The first conference of which a full account has been met with, was held in London, 19th May, 1581. In subsequent years, down to the year 1660, there had been 30 coUoques held at Canterbury, Norwich, Rye, Southampton, &c., they were latterly, however, exclusively held in London. On the occasion of any differences between the minister and elders, or congregation, they were frequently referred to the Bishop of London, as the Superintendwit under their Charter ; but on several occasions, the Crown itself has inter- fered as arbitrator, and also to recommend or approve the choice of ministers, &c., &c. Amongst the papers at this church, are two or three documents of this description, under the sign manual of Charles IL The benevolent interest which Bishop Grindall took in the welfare of the strangers, is hap- pily expressed by M. Baup in his " Discours Historique." " En acceijtant les fonctions de Surintendant, il avait embrasse avec une vraie affection et un zele tout apostolique, les interets spiri- tuels des Eglises etrangeres qui s'etaient placees sous sa direction. II entra avec elles dans des rapports constants, pour ainsi dire, jour- naliers, qui furent toujours de sa part pleins de bienvedlance et de charite. Se conformant a nos usages, c'etait lui, par exemple, qui constituait les pasteurs que le troupeau avait elus sur la presentation des anciens et des diacres ; il veillait au maintien de la discipline ; ordonnait I'election de nouveaux anciens &c., &c. Dans une circon- stance fort grave, il vint prononcer dans le Temple des Flamans une sentence d'excommunication centre le Ministre HoUandais Ham- stedius, qui avait adopte des idees erronees sur la nature humaine de Jesus, et avait favorise les anabaptistes. La sentence prononcee d'abord enFlamand, est-il dit, 'fut puis apres ratifiee en Anglais par Monseigneur I'Eveque de Londres, montant en chaire, faisant une bonne et saiate exhortation a tout le peuple de vivre charitablement et selon la verite, et de considerer les benefices que Dieu leur fait en ce pays de les recevoir amiablement, a cette fin de ne donner scandale a ceux du pays'. " Plus tard, (1565,) I'Eveque donna ordre qu' aucun 30 de nos membres ne fut recu dans les Eglises Anglaises, sans permis- sion de nos pasteurs ; il ordonna que tons les Strangers se joignissent r^guli^rement a I'Eglise Fran^aise ou a I'Eglise Hollandaise." The strangers were called upon by Queen Elizabeth to contribute to the assistance she was about to give to Henri IV. On that occasion the congregation appears to have been in a state of great destitution. The following is the reply of M. Castoll to the Archbishop : — " Ceux qui avaient quelque fortune avaient d(5ju fait tout ce qui 6tait en leur pouvoir i)our aider le Roi ; tandis que les hommes pau- \Tes, en ^tat de porter les amies, etaient partis pour se joindre a son armed laissant a la charge de I'Eglise leurs femmes et leurs enfans. Ceux qui restent ici, epuises quils sont par des calamites continuelles et battus par les temi)etes d'une guerre si souvent renouvelee, ayant frequemment fait naufrage ne soutiennent qu'avec peine une misera- ble existence. Voila pour ceux qui sont Francais d'origine parmi nous. Quant aux autres, venus de Hanovre de Flandre et des dominations Espagnoles, ils ne sont pas moins pauvres et denues, a un petit nombre d'exceptions pres. Le travail manque ; la pau\Tete est croissante ; la caisse des pauvres est en dette." In the year 1744, the Baron de Saintipolite wrote on behalf of George II. to this church, to know " the number of French Protestants willing to take up arms in case His Majesty re- quired their services in this conjuncture;" and the various ministers were to meet at Spring Garden Chapel to prepare the returns. It has been customary for the Dutch and Walloon churches to congratulate each Bishop of London, and each Lord Mayor, upon their first accession to their dignity and charge, and to present the Lord Mayor with two silver cups, " du poids d'en- viron 105 onces — les deux."* The ministers and elders after- wards dined with the Lord Mayor at the mansion-house, and on retiring, gave about six guineas to his officers : the purport ♦ " 14 Decrnibcr, 1738. The Elders of the French and Dutch churches, in niiinhcr alxmt '20, attended by their ministers, waited upon tlie Lord Mayor to liej,' his protection, and presented two larf^e silver <-nps ; his lordship receive 31 of the speeches to the Bishop, in Latin, and to the Lord Mayor, in English, is given in Stow's London, p. 439. When this congratulation was made in 1721, the Lord Mayor begged to be excused receiving the ordinary presents, since which, both the present and the dinner ceased. This church has preserved very voluminous records of bap- tisms and marriages, which have taken place in the congrega- tion. The register books are twelve in number, from the year 1599*, and are deposited in the non-parochial registration office in the Rolls Yard, pursuant to the 3 and 4 Vic. cap. 92. The earliest register is a thick folio in vellum, intituled " Du Dynche 13^ Jo' de Jenvyer, 1599," and contains about 8800 baptisms and 800 marriages. In another book the chil- dren baptised are 3529 males and 3518 females. In the fifth book, intituled " Registre des batemes benis dans nos deux Eglises," the males are 2831, the females 28 16. THE SEAL OF THE FRENCH CHURCH. them ill an obliging manner, and assured them of his favour. This custom has been neglected 15 years, and we cannot guess why it is revived." CGenfs Mag.J * As the church was established fifty years before this date, there is no doubt that the earlier records have been lost. The "Actes" of the vestry are contained in several thick folio volumes, commencing 2 January, 1588. The library belonging to this church, contains about 1300 volumes, some of them being old and scarce works ; amongst them is a copy of the "Roman de la Rose." 32 EXTRACTS FROM THE FOREGOING REGISTERS. Le Mardy, 22e de Januier, 1599. Stile d'Angleterre. "Anno Dili. 1599. " Jean filz de Jean du Quesne natif de Londres at Sara fiUe de Jean de Francqueuille, natifue d'Anucis furent espousez en I'Eglise de la langue Francoise en Londres le diet jour." "Januier 19, 1636 Stil Angl ; furent mariez, Mathias du Bois, Natif de Lille, et Jenne Denys, veufue de Jean Denese aussi Natif de Lille espousez en cette Eglise. " Marster GuUbert Primerose Docteur de Theologie et Chapelain du Roy, et pasteur de ceste Eglise et Jeane Hersey vefue de feu Monsieur Aurelius Natif de Londre, (14 Dec., 1637.) (Baptise) " Du Dimauche, Troisoiesme Januier, 169^ Philippe fils de Jean Baptiste Bauaij et Marie sa femme poii pararn PhUippe Gaiez, pour IMaraine Sara Gaiez." 1634 Daniel Maliieu and Anne Bretforth. „ Thos. Carpenter (Oxon) and Sara Chevalier, Canterbury. 1635 Adam Coppinger and Esther Marie. ,, Jehan de Camp and Louise de Luna. ,, \Vm. Mariot (Leicr.) and Marie de Luna. 1636 Rev. Pierre d'Assigni and EHzth. Marie. 1637 Rev. Natld. Marie (Leicestersh.) and Estre le Hure Wo, of Andie Joye. 1640 Jaques de Primerose, M. D. and Louise de Hautmont. Guilbert de Primerose Dr en Theol: and Louise de Lobel Wo. 1642 Edwd. Walls, Somerset, and Esther Pinchon, Canterbury. „ Jean le More and EUz. Toute le monde. 1669 John de la Chambre and Elizth. Martel. 1642 PhiHp Glover, Aylesbury, and Eliz. du Bourg, 1645 Jaques Guiot and Anne Bultel, Wo. of Jaqs. Mavurois. 1647 Mr. Christofle Cisener and Marie de Haze. Jean Ducane du Quesne and Ester de la place. Loveington Pamphlin and Eliz. de Neu. Jean Stables, of Darby, and Jeane Creuleu. Thos. Tookie, of St. Ives, and EUz. Vincant. 33 1G60 Rev. Jean EscoiRer and Isabeau Blanque. 1663 Rev. Jaqs. Felles and Sara Halliart. 1664 Jean Delme and Debh. Leadbitter. 1666 Rev. David Primerose and Sarah Halliart, Wo. of Jaqs. Felles 1662 Jean du Bols and Sara Waldo, Dr. of Daniel W. 1669 Arnold de Lillers and Marie le More. 1670 Saml. de Spagne and Marie Baudry. 1687 Michel de la Marre and Suse. Pontin. ,, Michel Bnmet, W. and Marie Panou. 1689 Louis de le Mare and Mary Ann Loujas. ,, Wm. Turner, Esq., Canterbury, and Anne Marie Papillon. 1695 Isaac de la Mare and Marie Grou. Besides these register books, there is a large folio, appear- ing to be a transcript from the registers of various French chapels at the East end of London ; it is intituled " Repertoire General ou Abrege des Registres des Baptemes dans les Eglises de la Patente, Crispin Street, Wheeler Street, Le Marche, Bell Lane, et Brown's Lane, situees dans le Spitaliields, depuis Tanned, 1689." It ends with 1775, comprising 338 pages, and about 5070 baptisms. La Patente Baptisms 1689 to 1775 Crispin St. „ 1694 „ 1715 Perle St. ., 1700 „ 1701 Wheeler St. „ 1703 „ 1742 Bell Lane „ 1711 » 1716 EgHse de Marche „ 1719 „ 1719 Brown's Lane „ » " 1738 34 Francois La Rivi&re* Richard Francoisf Nicolas des Gallars, dit De Saules Pierre Alexandre}; Jean Cousin Esticnnc Alamuer Pierre L'oiseleur, dit De Villiers Robt. Le RTa^on, dit de la Fontaine OF THE LONDON WALLOON CHURCH 1550 Jean Castel 1582 1550 Saml, Le Chevallier Aaron Cappel 1591 1560 Nathl. Marie 1601 1561 Abm. Aurelius 1605 1562 Jean Maximilien deLan- 1568 gle 1621 Gilbert Primerosell 1623 1574 Pierre DumoiQin§ 1624 Ezecliiel Marmet^ 1631 „ Louis Herault 1643 * Francois Perucel, dit La Riviere estoit Cordelier et Instructeur des Novices ail convent de Paris, de's I'annce 1542 ; il imita Francois Landri et preche librement le Caresme et les Avents — Beza, to i. p. 30. II fut de la Conference qui tint k St. Germain en 1561, en presence de la Reine, du Roi et de la Reine de Navarre, au sujet des usages. Avec Marloret de Beza et Baybastes, — ibidem 1692. II se trouvc a la Bataille de Dreux en 1562, etant Ministre du Prince. Celu ci aiant este pris, Perucel criit tout perdu ct il se sauve avec Throg- morton Ambassadeur d'Angleterre a Nogent ou estoit la Douairiere de Bouil- lon, que leur aiant fait bonne mine les livra le lendemain. Ce qui fut manage par le providence, Perucel aiant beaucoup contribue a fortifier le Prince pen- dent sa Prison. Seza ii. p. 242. f Richard Vauville, alias Fran9ois, Augustin a environ 1533, fait beau- coup de fruit a Bourges, et a este un excellent ministre. II est mort ministre en I'Eglise fran^oise de Franckfort apres la dissijjation de celle en Angleterre oil il avoit long terns servi tres heureusement. — De Beze histoire Ecelesias- tique torn i. p.p. 56, 57. J Pierre Alexandre was one of those patronised by Cranmer; he was the Colleague of M. de Saules, whose salary as Pastor was £50., Mr. Alexandre's was twenty marcs. II Guilbert Primerose one of the King's Chaplains. § Pierre DumovJin, well known as one of the principal Teachers among the French Reformers, and as the author of many excellent works, — du Bouclier de la Foi, dc la Defense de la Confession des Eglises Reformees, du Combat Chretien, De la Vocation des Pasteurs, ^-c, 4c. During his short sojourn in England, he preached before James I. who criticized his book of the Vocation des Pasteurs. Dumoulin's son was the author of " Traite sur la paix de rdnie" — died at Sedan, 1658, Aet 90. His son Peter obtained a Prebend at Canterbury, was Cha])Iain to Charles II. and the author of several works. ^ Ezcchiel Marmef the author of Meditations on the passage of Job, (xviii. V. 23,27,) " I know that my Redeemer liveth." 35 Jean de la Marche Christofle Cisner Jean Baptiste Stouppe Elie Delme* Jacques Felles David Primerose Louis Herault (revient)t Marc Michel Michely Pierre Mussard Charles Poizet Aaron Testas Paul Gravisset Charles BertheauJ Theodore Blanc Jaques Collas de la Treille Jaques Saurin|| Ezechiel Barbauld 1643 Saml. Bezombes 1704 1647 Henry de St. Colome 1711 1652 Jean Jaques Claude§ >> 1653 Paul de la Douespe 1720 1660 Jaques de Mazures Jean Baptiste Gedeon 1730 >> Bouyer 1734 1671 Abm. Pierre Babineau 1740 1675 David Renaud BoUier 1749 1683 Paul Convenant ,, 1687 Gedeon Patron 1751 ,, Francois Louis de Bons 1752 „ Benjn. Francs. Housse- 1693 mayn de Boulay ,, 1700 David Hy. Durand 1760 1701 Louis de la Chaumette 1761 1704 Jean RomUly 1766 * Delme — A disagreement took place about 1652, between Delme and his co-pastors Cisner and Stouppe, as to the observance of holydays ; Cisner and Stouppe with the Consistory suspended Delme, who appealed to the Colloquy, while Cisner contended that the Coetus should decide the matter. In 1656, a great many families of the congregation presented a petition to Oliver Crom- well, praying a reference of the matter to the Colloquy, which was accordingly granted. — fStow, vol. i. 443.^ f Louis Herault was a Minister in Normandy, he was called to this Church temp: Car. I. and was so zealous a royalist, that he was forced to fly to France to escape the fury of the commonwealth men ; he returned at the restoration to the Walloon Church, and afterwards obtained a Canonry at Canterbury, which he enjoyed till his death. J Charles Berthcau, born at Montpellier in 1667, died in London, 26th December, 1732. II Jaques Sawrm, born at Nismes, 6 January, 1677 ; he preached in London about five years, and then retired to the Hague, where he preached to a con- gregation of French Refugees in a chapel belonging to the Prince of Orange. He died in 1730. He was the author of twelve volumes of Sermons, — "The state of Christianity in France," Discourses, Historical, Critical, and Moral, on the most remarkable events of the Old and New Testament, &c. § Jean Jaques Claude, born at the Hague, 16 January, 1684, son of Isaac Claude, Pastor at the Hague, and grandson of the celebrated Jean Claude. 36 Jaques Renaud Bollier Jaqs. George Chantepie de la Saussaye Jean Le Cointe Louis Mercier Louis Amedee Anspach Chas. Louis Hy. SchoU 17G9 Charles Sampson Elizee Saml. Boiceau 1822 ,, Jean Louis Bonnet 18.30 1778 Auguste Louis 1835 1784 Paul Chas. Baup* 1836 1812 Francois Martin 1839 1820 \V. G. Daugars 1842 THE NEW FRENCH CHURCH, ST, MARTIN'S LE GRAND. • P. C. Baiip—M Baup was recalled to Geneva in 1842, having- first preached thclfUil .Sermon .leiivered at tlie Old Church m Threadneedle Street, which was published in that year with many historical notes. 37 The property now remaining applicable to the support of this church, its ministers, poor, &c., is very considerable, and consists amongst other particulars, of a freehold house in Al- bemarle Street, Piccadilly, now let at £150. per annum, — a large building in Church Street, Spitalfields, formerly I'Eg- lise Neuve, now let to the Wesleyan Methodists, at £105. per annum, — a small chapel formerly called " L'Artillerie," in Artillery Street, Spitalfields, now let to a dissenting congre- gation, — various sums in the government funds, &c. &c. The sum annually distributed in relief to the poor exceeds £700.* * In the vestry is a list of upwards of seven hundred bequests to this church. Among others are the following : — 1750 Marie du Casse „ Marie du Casse her niece 1788 Noel Cossart Jeane Basse of Mile End, by will dated 17 March, 1753, gave to the elders and deacons £2,000. 3 per cents., in trust, to ])ay the dividends to ten poor men and women, with preference to her own poor relations, and she nominated as the first six annuitants Wm. Le Keux, Peter Walker, Benjamin Hitchman, Jeremiah Atkins, Daniel Lepine, and Elizabeth Compton. Esther Coquean, by will dated 17 December, 1743, gave the like sum to the deacons and their successors, the dividends to be paid to ten poor maids or widows aged fifty or more, for their lives, with preference to her own relations, and she nominated Judith Hitchman widow her cousin, and her daughter Mary Hitchman, Sush. Chalvelhcar, Margt. Rusano, and EUenor Darnecour. £ s. d. 7901 17 14542 13 3653 38 CHAPTER IV. THE FRENCH CHURCHES AT CANTERBURY, SANDWICH, NORWICH, AND SOUTHAMPTON. CANTERBURY. In consequence of the persecutions on account of their reli- gion, thousands of trades people in the Spanish Netherlands fled to England about the year 1567. It would seem however that a Walloon Church had been established at Canterbury, some years previously to the Reign of Edward VI. for such is the tradition among the present congregation in that city ; and it is also stated, that in 1561, Queen Elizabeth as z. further mark of her favour, granted these V/alloons the undercroft of the Cathedral Church, as a place of worship for themselves and their successors. This undercroft they have continued to use up to the present time.* • Duncombe's Historical Description of Canterbury, p. 150. When CalvirCs sons, from Ariois' fruitful fields, Blind persecution's iron hand expells, This fostering Church, maternal shelter yields. Beneath her roof, where gospel freedom dwells, Beneath her spacious roof, in rites divine Lo ! various sects and various tongues unite ; In blissful league, French, Germans, Britons join. While hovering Angels listen with delight. The descendants of the foreign Protestants believed that Queen Elizabeth had given them the use of the undercroft, but they had no written evidence of it, although search was made for it. The enquiry arose in consequence of the Archbishop at a Visitation, asking the ministers of the Walloon congrega- tion, how they came possessed of this undercroft ? The Dean replied, " by permission of the Dean and Chapter." ITpon which, one of the Walloon 39 Those refugees who were weavers in silks and stuffs, made choice of Canterbury for their habitation, where they might have the benefit of the river, and an easy communication with the metropolis. For this purpose they had the Queen's letter of licence in her third year, (1561,) directed to the Mayor,* for such of them as should be approved of by the Archbishop, to remain here for the purpose of exercising their trades, so that they did not exceed a certain number therein mentioned, and as many servants as were necessary to carry on their business. t Their numbers increased from time to time, in consequence of the continuance of the foreign persecution for religion, so that in 1634, the number of communicants in the Walloon Church was increased to nine hundred.* At the beginning of the Reign of Charles II. anno 1665, there were in this city 126 master weavers, their whole number here being near 1300, and they employed 759 English, so that the King thought proper to grant them a Charter in 1676, by which it appears that their numbers were then little short of 2500. By this Charter they were enabled to become a Company, by the name and description of " The Master, Wardens, As- sistants, and fellowship of Weavers."|| ministers said, " I ask pardon sir, it was given by the Crown." This assertion gave the Dean offence, and he threatened that unless they proved their right, or acknowledged their error, he would shut up the doors of their church. * See Appendix. Petition of the strangers and the articles granted by the Mayor and Aldermen. -f- 1567. A company of the Walloons or strangers is allowed to inhabit within the liberties of the city, by order of the Queen's Council, under the direction of the Burghmote. They are said to have come from Winchelsea. — Records of the Buryhmote. On the 22nd March, 1586, was a petition from the Company of Merchants of the Staple, to prevent the Walloons at Canterbury, (who were intending to de- part from this realm and go to Direcksea in Zealand,) from exporting Wool- fells.— fiansd. MSS. vol. lij J Hasted's Kent, vol. xi. 8\o. p. 92. II By an order of the Privy Council, 2nd May, 1613, it was ordered that the 40 About 1634, Archbishop Laud seemed inclined, as already stated, to break through the toleration which had been granted to the Dutch and Walloons on their settlement in England, and to be very harsh with them on the score of religion ; in- sisting on their conformity with the English Liturgy and Church Government. He cited accordingly the ministers of the Dutch Churches at Maidstone and Sandwich to appear at his Consistory Court at Canterbury, and before himself at Lam- beth, to answer certain interrogatories proposed to them. The congregations were much alarmed at his proceedings, and deputed one of their ministers and lay elders to supplicate his favour ;* but he was inexorable. They contrived however to delay the matter until the Scotch War came on, and then the persecution ceased. John Bulteel, the then minister of the Walloon Congregation at Canterbury, published in 1645 a small 4to. volume, being " A Relation of the Troubles of the Three Foreign Churches in Kent."t said congregation should, "according to His Majesty's gracious pleasure, peaceably and freely enjoy all such privileges, liberties, and immunities, and be permitted to use their assemblies and congregations in as ample manner as heretofore hath been allowed to them in the time of Queen Elizabeth or since." About 1650, a curious dispute arose before the Court of Burghmote; the common carriers complaining that the master weavers had employed a non- freeman to convey their wares to London, and the master weavers urging various reasons for so doing ; amongst others, that the complainants employed the Dover waggoner to convey the goods to London, that as he travelled after sunset, (which their own carrier never did,) he had frequently been robbed of their goods, &c., &c. * The following is from a petition to the King, from the Canterbury Wal- loon Church about 1686. That they were never disturbed in their marriages till 1637, when endeavours were made to exempt the second and third descent of foreign strangers, but after representation, they were again permitted to enjoy their s.tid religion till January last. That since January, John Six and Mary Ic Houcq were married in the Walloon Church by M . Delon, whereupon they were excommunicated by the Consistory Court of Canterbury, for a clandestine marriage, and M. Delon suspended from his ministry. It prays a continuation of the favours originally granted — absolution of Jolui Six and IMary le Iloucq, and restitution of (lie minister. t Upon reference to this volume, it ai>])ears that "a note was given to 41 Towards the latter end of the iSth century, the silk vveuviiig manufactory here had greatly decayed, the most part of it being removed to Spilalfields, there being in 1799 not more than ten master weavers, and only about eighty communicants. — f Hasted. J The following memoranda have been collected relative to this congregation. 15S'-2 — The Burglimote direct that no more strangers shall be suffered to live in the city, unless allowed by the Mayor and three Aldermen under their hands and seals. 1642 — The Walloons are to have two seals, to seal their two sorts of sayes. 1657 — Seven hundred and thirty-nine poor persons employed as woolcombers. 1687 — The weavers have their HaU at the Blackfriars in this city. In a copy of a petition to the Lords of Trade and Plantations, and now m the City Chamber, it is stated, that the trade of the strangers is weaving all sorts of silk, and silk mixed wdth wool; that in 1694 they had 1000 looms at work in this city, employing above 2700 people, but shortly afterwards their looms were reduced to 200 by the importation of East India silks and calicos ; that in 1719 there were only 334 looms in use in the city, and 58 master weavers h\dng there, who had 51 apprentices, and that no journeymen were allowed to take apprentices, but were paid by the piece, according to the richness of the work. " Our congi'egation doe bare armes in the traine bands for his Sir John Coke by Dr. Primrose and Mr. Bulteel, of the numbers of foreigners belonging to the foreign churches," viz, ; — French and Walloons of London . . liOO Dutch of London . . . . . . . 140 Walloons of Canterbury . . ■ . 90O Dutch of Colchester 700 "W^alloons of Norwich . . . . 396 Dutch of Norwich . . . . . • 363 Dutch of Maidstone .. .. 50 Dutch of Sandwich 500 Dutch of Yarmouth . . . . 28 Walloons of Southamp(on .. .. 36 G 42 Ma''*' service to the number of fifty men and upwards. We have from time to time shewed our affection and readiness to advance his cause in the rising in Kent, where divers of us have ventured their lives and estates for the King's service to his Majestj'. — first, in the gift presented unto him at his coming into England ; also in the poule money, and more largely in the act of benevolence." At the Court at Whitehall, 29th September, 1G39, upon consideration of the certificate of Mr. Attorney General, con- cerning cliflcrences between the weavers of London and Can- terbury ; His Majesty ordered — 1 . That there shall be still (as there hath been since the erection of the Silk Ofiice,) six-pence paid at the said office upon every pound of silk, both by natives and strangers ; and six-pence more paid by strangers, and two-pence by natives, upon all stuffe manu- factured. 2. That all stuflF made at Canterbury shall be searched and sealed there, and not brought to the Hall at London to be sealed. 3. That all deceitful stuff made either by natives or strangers, be forfeited, defaced, and destroyed. 4. A bond in £100. penalt}' for securing His Majesty's duty. That the weavers of London and Canterbury be severed by several letters patent, the one from the other. Tliat the Deputy Alnager shall forthwith alter his seal to the form it was formerly, or else to some other forme differing from His Majesty's seal. — Hasted's Kent, 8vo. Additions to Canterbury, vol. xi. From the City Records, 26th April, 1631. Letter from the Vr'wj Council to Lord Maid- stone, the Mayor and Recorder of Canterbury, &c., to assist the congregation in enforcing their rules, for the good government of the trade and congregation. 1651 — A bond (penes me,) from Ab™ Landing of Sturry, FuUer, to the Overseers appointed in the Old Hall of "Weavers, that whosoever brings any Sayes to full and thick, he wiU full and thick them con- veniently, and without neglect, and receive no piece before it has been measured at the Hall. 1 64 1 . By reason of the war in Picardy, Artois, and Flanders, 43 many other "Walloons are resorting to this city, and more are daily expected ; it is agreed that if they do conform to the government of the city and the orders of the congregation, they may live as they have done for sixty years and upwards ; it being found that by their trade they have been beneficial to the city. And a book is to be provided, in which their names shall be entered with their testi- monials. 28th August, 1661. The King's letter requiring the Church not to admit or use Mr. Stoupe as minister, but give him to understand he is not to return to this kingdom, he being a knovni agent, and a common intelligencer of the late usurpers. In 1663, the silk weavers of M. Jonon's congregation peti- tioned the Court of Burghmote, praying that the rules of the Hall might be re-established, which for some years past, by reason of the troubles of the kingdom, and divisions among themselves, had been very much neglected : certain rules are proposed for adoption, among which are — That the sealer may seal only Canterbury manufacture; in case of suspicion that any piece is of foreign make, the owner be taken before the Mayor ; that the officer for measuring the stuffs, " be sworne to the secresie of the trade, not to discover one man's fashion to another, &c." — City Records. 1663 — Assizes were holden this year before Sir Orlando Bridgman and Sir Samuel Browne, Kn"- two of the King's Justices, at the request of the inhabitants of Canterbury, to try a question between the Citizens and the "Walloons, who deny contributing to the assess- ments for the relief of the English poor of the city. 14th November, 1662. At a Court at Whitehall, at which the King was present ; the matter referred on the 5th of No- vember 1662 to the Solicitor General was considered. The Solicitor General's report states that he had caused to come before him six Walloons of each party, and with the assistance of Sir Thomas Peyton, Bart., it had been agreed— 1. That all divisions occasioned by the late separation, be for ever forgotten. 44 2. That botli jiarties shall unite in one entire congregation. 3. I'hat they immediately j)roceed to a choice of a minister, who is to be presented to the general colloque for approbation. 4. Nothing to be done or spoken to the contempt of the liturgy, doctrine, or discipline of the Church of England. 5. Tliat they maintain their o^^^l poor. Which things being agreed to^ it was .submitted to His Majesty — 1 . That the usual place of meeting near the Cathedral be con- tinued as formerly. 2. That for avoiding the penalties of nonconformity, this congre- gation be declared a part of the foreign reformed churches. 3. Tliat they be not taxed for any poor but their own. All vvliich the Council confirmed, and required the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Canterbury, &c. to take due care that this agreement be performed. In Mr. Turner's expressions before the judge at the assize at Maidstone, 1st August, 1679, it is stated that the congregation did contain 2500 communicants. — " That the strangers at their first coming in in Queen Elizabeth's raigne, they were then poore and distressed strangers, but now they are grown hoger and moger." The following property belongs to the congregation, — Annual produce. Several pieces of land in Bimnarsh in Kent, given in £. s. d. 1675, — sur\aving Trustees, Peter Delasaux, I. Hul- bert, Lewis Decaufour . . . . . . 46 A Rent Charge on an Estate at Ickham, to purchase wood fuel for the poor Walloons, by Will of Ab'" Didier in 1688 .. .. .. 10 Two Tenements in the Borough of Staplegate, for the maintenance of the Walloon poor, by Deed 1726, I. Legrand, Peter Legrand, — . Legrand Legacies, collections, contributions, &c., by the members of the French congregation, to form a revenue for the minister and poor, (from 1570 to 1786.) £1,200 Old South Sea Annuities; Trustees, Peter Delaseux, James Six, L Legrand, John Claris 36 45 THE FOLLOWING WERE MINISTERS OF THIS CONGREGATION. Anthoine Lescaillet, (died 1596,) . . . . . 1581 ■ Noe . . . . . . . . 1592 Samuel Le Chevalier . . . . . . . . 1595 Philippe Delme, (died 22nd April, 1653,) . . 1619 Jean Bulteel t Paul Georges j Joseph Poujade, (1647,*) .. .. .. 1638 Paul Georgier, (died 15th March, 1689,) . . . . 1648 Pierre Le Keux, formerly minister at Dover, . . 1653 Philipe Le Keux . . . . . . . . 1 654 Elie Paul D'Arande .. .. .. 1664 Arnaud Boucherie, (died 3rd July, 1685,) . . . . 1670 M. Delon, (died 28th December, 1686) . . Pierre Trouillart . . . . . . . . 1 686 Jacob Le Bailly (died 16th July, 1698,) . . 1690 M. Trepsac .. .. .. 1698 Jaques Gast de Lavauref . . . . . . 1699 M. Cherpentier .. .. .. .. 1700 Jaques Cartault| . . . . . . . . 1 702 * There were many charges against the moral character of this minister, which for two or three years were entertained by the colloquy, which pro- nounced sentence in 1647. On the 31 March, 1648, the House of Commons referred the petition of the elders of this church, to the committee of plundered ministers. On tho 17th of April following, the committee after referring to the expulsion of Mr. Pou- jade from the ministry, by the decrees of the consistory of the colloque and of the synod, and to his having refused submission, and taking upon himself to officiate in an English Church at Canterbury to a party of the French con- gregation — ordered, that Mr. Poujade should not officiate or do any act con- trary to the sentence of the synod, and ordered that the Mayor and Justices should suppress all divisions against the peace of the congregation and their discipline. The congregation thereupon complained to the court of Burghmote of the divisions caused by Mr. Poujade and continued by Mr. De la Prix and their adherents, who had obtained possession of the Hall, broken the articles, and detained the Charter, and they therefore prayed for redress. -f- Married at Hungerford Chapel to Marie Bossatran of Wandsworth. J Married at Hungerford Chapel, 8 October, 1702, to Dame Madelain Pierresene. 46 M. Delaroche 1707 Paul Fourestier 1712 de la Rose, (died 7th Januan^ 1712,) • . — -■ Charles Dubles, (1767,) .. .. .. 1748 Francois Durand, (1767,) .. .. .. 1767 Jean Francis Mieville, (died 19th January, 1840, set 79,) 1789 The registers are contained in nine volumes. No. 1 , is a narrow folio, covered with the parchment leaf of an old missal, and intituled — "Li\Te — consistoire L'an mil (cinq cents) quatre vint et un-jusques au mois de Juing, 1584. Avec les Enffans qui ont este bajitisse depuis le mois de Juillet, 1581, jusques au mois de Juing, 1584. Comme un les Manages qui ont este celebre durant le temps q. Aussy les morts durante le mesme temps." " Les noms des Enfans baptises entre les etragers depuis le 5 Ja., 1581." (2 July, 1581) " Le mesme joiir fut baptise I'Enfan de Nicolas de Vauch, apeUe Judith, et po' parris Sebastien Cattebury, et Ja de le becque.." (July, 1582) Le 22 fut baptises I'Enfan de Jacque Wyart, apelle Rebecca, et pour parrins Pierre Salomo et Pierre Mauroy." Then follow thirty-two marriages, — the first is " Le 5*^ fut celebre le mariage de Hubert Prevost et Marie du Monceau." "It de Louis Morel, ministre de la Parole de Dieu, de I'EgHse de la Rye et (Ariadne Jourdan)" 19 May, 1583. "Le 16^ fut celebre le mariage du Jan Cuneher et Bauduine Messma, avec la recognoissance de lu"" faute d'avoir paiUarde ensemble nuy avoir le"" promesses." Then follow the deaths.* Le 27 de Juin, mourut Marye Ealene feme de Nicolas (Leupet.) * At the colloquy held at London in 1601, it was resolved that all drinkings and similar alinscs after funerals should be reformed, as prejudicial to the widows and orphans and repugnant to christian decency. 47 The ravages of the plague in February 1582 are very pathetically, yet simply recorded in the following entries of the deaths in one family. La feme Direlin, Un autre efant, Magdalene sa fille, Un autre petit, Et un autre le mesme jo"". La dernier fille. No. 2, is a very narrow and long book., bound with the parchment leaf of an old missal, it is intituled — " Les noms de ceux quy sont morts entre les etrangers resident en Cantorbery depuis le mois de Juing, 1590." (ends 1630.) "Nicolas de Moncheau, le 22* (Juillet, 1590.) " Jan Catel fils de Jaques." " Mons'' le Gras, gentilhome francois et export Jurisconsulte, le 28*" " 1596. Maistre Anthoine Lescaillet, ministre de I'Eglise Wal- lone, de ceste viUe mourut au Seigneur le 5 de Jan., et fut enterre le lendemain au Temple St. Pierre." 1597. Nicolas Lambert ieune compagiio fils de Christofle, le 1 de Mars. In June 1599, out of 26 deaths, 17 died of plague, — in July there were 78 deaths of plague, — in August, 39, — and in September, 44. 1623. "Le 6 Sept. mourut Rebecca Wyart feme de Ysac de la mer." "Deux enfans d'Eustace le Conte sont morir le 20 et 22 de la Contagion, Du mois de Juin, 1625." No. 3,* is a narrow folio, containing deaths from 1630 to 27 October, 1715. * This and the two previous registers and the register of marriages from 1645 to 1704, were discovered in 1839 in an old carved box in the roof of the London Walloon Church. 48 EXTRACTS. " Jean Jacob Vanderflaat docteur en medicin, mourut le 3^ jour de Februer, 1631-2, en Londres apres avoir este taille de la Piere." After the year 1647, is "Paries (grave) et inexorables troubles advenu par Pouiade 6 la faction en la rupture e descirement de I'Eglise, le registre a este quelques temps Dilaiex a estfe redraisse le mieux que memoire la peu porter." Tiie names are then put down without dates, thus : " Phillipe Le lloj', deccde, Corneille Agace, age de 13 ans, decede." " 22 d'avril, 1653, mourut nostre pasteur Monsieur de la me a 11 heure du soir et fut mis en terre le 26 de ce mois." 1678. "Le 4 d'aoust mourut la femme Jean le Leu a savoir Judit le Keux. Et fut le premier quil fut enterre selon Facte du Parlement ensevely en etofe de Line."* 1689. " Mars 15 mourut Mons' Paul Gorgier nostre fidel pasteur aiant serv'y nostre Eglise 41-2 amis." 1691. " Docteur William Jacob dit Wanderslaat a Ailston proche de Maidston." 1696. "Jacob du Castel, docteur en medesine a Maydston." No. 4, is a folio, intituled — " Liure des baptismes de L'Eglise Valone de Canterbery depuis le xxiiij de Juillet, 1590." "Jusques la 15 de Mars, 1602." At the otlicr end are marriages, intituled " Liure des Mar- riages, depuis le 24 de Juillet, 1590.t * Pursuant to 30 car. II. cap. 3. See Burn^s History of Parish Registers, (\S29,) pp. 30, 101. ■f- It appears to have been the custom in this congregation to have a mar- riage contract entered into between every couple married. It provided for the children of the intended marriage, and if either party had been married before, a distribution of property was made to " les enfans du premier licte." Many of liiose contracts are still in existence ; they were prepared by the "GrctHer des homines polifiqiics,''^ (a registrar who was appointed by them to draw up all contracts and obligations which passed among the Refugees,) and contained the names and relationship of the various persons who accompanied the parties to IhcGreflier,— the fortunes of the parties, &c., &c., the whole signed by the par- 49 En I'an 1590. " Le 26^ tie Juillet, Pierre Haulnirdin. natif du Locon, ave Elizabeth de la Bergue, natifve de IVaderlo."* 8 Oct^ 1598. Nicolas Pincede, vefu, natif de Cormon, et Jane Gresset, delaissee, (de onze ou 12 ans,) de Jan Martin, natifve d'amien. Notez que Mons'' le Comissaire a authorize I'dite Jane de se remarrier, coe appert p une lettre patente gardee entre les papiers du Consistoire." No. 5 and 6, contain baptisms and marriages, and No. 7, nearly five thousand baptisms. No. 8. A thick octavo book of espousals or banns, (^^ pro- messes/' or " annonces/') and marriages, commencing 20th November, 1645, and ending 12th March, 1704, (pages 64 to 90 wanting.)! Tlie entries in this book have sometimes a note at the end, stating when and where the parties were married, thus : Le 5^ Septembre, 1674. II y a promesse de mariage entre Jean Lansell filz de Severin Lansell, natif de Canterbury, et Esther le Keux fiUe d' Edwoard le Keux, natifue aussy de Canterb : lis ont este marie en cette Eglise, le 8^ Octobre, 1674, Sometimes there is the addition of " Point marie en I'Eglise." — " lis ont marie a I'Anglois," — " lis ont marie a la paroisse Eglise." and their attendants. In 1650 one of these contracts was cancelled by the parties, in consequence of " un grand refroidissement d'aniitie," which had taken place between the young couple. Les hommes politiques were appointed by the Mayor and Corporation, to superintend all matters connected with the temporal concerns of the several members of the cong^regation, and the peace and welfare of the City. * There appear several marriages of persons from Waterloo, and in 1635 is the baptism of a Watteran Watterlo. t This book was also found in a box in the roof of the London Walloon Church, with the three others mentioned at page 47. After a marriage in 1695, " Sont le premier qui sont marie, leur annonce estant publie a leur paroisse selon I'acte du parlement." There is a hiatus in the registers from 1584 to 1590. Some of the marriages during the deficient period have been discovered by reference to the contracts for that time, which however from their tattered and decayed state are barely legible. H 50 1G66 Elie Paul Darande, (S. of Elie Darande of Southampton,) M. A. of Oxford, and pastor of this church, and Frances Pickermg d. of Benjamin P. of West Hoadley, Sussex. 1G92 Jean Planque, Wr. of Thorpe, Essex, and Marie de lecluse Wo. 1G93 Jaques Gambier (S. of Gedeon and Jenne Broche,) and .Tenne Marselle, (d of Francois M. and Madelaine le Roy.) 1699 John Bing (S. of John and Francoise,) and Made? Delamare, d. of Jaques Delamare and Marie Hanette. 1G99 M. Jaques Gast de la Voure, min' of this church, S. of M. Pierre Gast de la Voure, M. D., and Charlotte Gast. 1 700 Andre Gambier and MadeP De Visme, d. of Ab'" and Sus^ Le Clerc. 1G83 Ab"" de Visme, Wr. natif de Qui I'Hopital en Picardy and Sus* Lortier, Wo. of Adrien du Hamel, mar** 16 Auo', 1683. 1691 Pierre Le Maistre and Marie Minet, d. of Ambrose M. of Dover. 1693 Jean Swinford St. John's Thanet, and Anne Patou. EXTRACTS FROM NO. 9. BAPTISMS. 1725 Gaspard, son of Mr. Pierre de Layard, Mayor. 1736 Jean, son of Jean Baptiste De Vijme and Mary Gambier. 1592 Daniel S. of Cha' Du Bois, ("a porte de dela la mer,") ayant pour temoins Jan Hugue, Moyse Caron, Judith Du Bois, et Gabrielle Boutiniere. MARRIAGES. 1590 Adi'ian de Cuillerie and Jeane de Milan.* ,, Laurens Wautier and Marie Desrousseaux. 1594 Jan Delbeq and Franc'' de Mory. ,, Jaques Meurillon and Susanne del Planque. 1596 Jan de L'espan and Loyse Feret. * The following is the form in which nearly all the marriages are recorded. " Francois Desplachis, fils de feu Toussain, natif de Fucermon, and Eliza- beth de Crrpi, fille d'Andrieii, natifue de Campagne pres de Calais." 51 1598 Daniel Le Conte and Marthe Fauquere. 1602 Isaac de la Mer and Rebecca Wiart. 1605 Tobie Santliune and Marie de Salome, 1608 Jan Gambier and Judith Crignon. 1610 Pierre Wiebau and Reb'' de Vaucy, 1614 Sam' Sedt and Rachel le Noble. ,, Sam' del Marliere and Judith Thiery. 1615 Jan Brocart and Lea Robiquet. 1616 Jan le Keux and Marie de L'espan. „ Lawren des Lespine and Peronne du Vinaige. ,, Phillippe Delme and Eliz"' Maurois. 1617 Pierre Bogart and Judith de L'abre. 1620 Jacob de la Mer and Jeane Milleroye. 1621 Jaques Fremault and Sara le Maheu. ,, Michel Polet and Marie la Febure. 1624 Samuel du Bois and Judith de Neu. ,, Phillippe Blondel and Rachel Hardue. 1625 Jaques Dambrine and Pasques Descarpentieres. 1626 Jean Marmeque and Marie Horart. 1627 Jean Quentin and Susane Tiberghien. ,, Jaques Fauquet and Jeane Boulenger. 1628 Jean Gigon and Jaqueline du Pont. 1629 Sam' le Gillon and Esther Prime. 1630 Jaques de la Motte and Barbe de Sain. 1631 Pierre Follet and Jeane du Four. 1635 Elie Descamps and Marg'^ Barisel. 1639 Louis Sainct Ynes and Jeane Beaussart. 1640 Pierre le Turq and Jeane Boute. 1642 Germain Clarisse and Marie Gloriez. 1678 Charles Lason and Mary Didier. The service was performed in the undercroft, according to the usages of the Reformed Church of France, until about thirty or forty years since, when, upon M. Mieville being offered a benefice in the Church of England, the vestry con- sented to allow the use of a translation of the English Liturgy. 52 THE FRENCH UNIFORM CHURCH, CANTERBURY. Prior to the establishment of this congregation, there had been one or two secessions from the congregation at the Under- croft. One of these existed in 1651, for they presented a petition to the Burghmote, as the strangers assembling in the late Archbishop's palace, and of Theodore Crippaine's congre- gation. They were united again to the old congregation by the interference of the CoUoque in 1654. The order relating to this congregation, as it refers to the duties of the politic men, is given at length in the note below.* It appears from numerous letters and petitions copied into the register of this church, that it was formed about 1709, and was a secession from the Walloon Church assembling at the undercroft of the cathedral, and then consisted of about three hundred persons. It was called the " French Uniform Church," and the congregation met at a place called the malthouse.f * Order from the Burghmote Book of Canterbury. — " 14 Oct., 1651, the strangers dwelling in the city and suburbs now having their place of public assembly for the worship of God in the late Archbishop's palace, and being of Theodore Crippaine's congregation, for their better government and to prevent disorders from henceforth, they are to choose and to have from amongst them- selves a convenient number of i)olitique men, who shall be sworn as hath been accustomed within the city for the due execution of their otlice, and a warrant (under the hand and seal of the mayor for the time being and one of the justices of the peace,) is to be yearly granted unto the politique men for the better execution of their office, the prevention of disorders among the said strangers, and the better to enable them to keep their congregation in obedi- ence to the government of the city." t " There was in 1720 a French chapel or meeting house within these pre- cincts, (Canterbury cathedral and priory) for Anne Herault of Canterbury, spinster, by her will, proved that year, gave the sum of £10. to the adorning and repairing of the French cha|)el or meeting house in the Archbishop's palace hero, belonging to the French congregation." HastctVs Kent, vol. iv. fol. p. 502. This was jirobably the malthouse chapel which was situate where for- merly the dissenting congregation of the Rev. Edwd. Perronet assembled, — when a French church, the Church of England's rites and ceremonies were performed. The house now occujjied by Mr. Austin near the green court is builf on the site on which the malthouse stood. 53 It no doubt took its nams in consequence of adopting the Liturgy of the Church of England, and regulating its pro- ceedings in uniformity with that Church. The objects of the letters and petitions before referred to, and addressed to the Queen, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and to the Members of Parliament representing the city of Canterbury, appear to be the re-ordination of the Rev. John Charpentier as their minister, and a participation in the bounty given by the Queen to the poor of the French Refugees. The register is a thin folio, which was for many years prior to 1837, kept with the Records of the Walloon Church. The first document is dated the 1st of December, 1709, and is the appointment of Mr. Pierre Richard as minister " de la nou- velle Eglise Francoise a la maniere Anglicane," at £20. per annum. Mr. Richard appears to have left the congregation about the 30th of June, 1710. The Rev. Jean Lardeau suc- ceeded ; he was ordained priest by the Bishop of London, on the 24th September, 1710. On the 23rd September, 1716, the Rev. Mr. Charpenter,* after six years official duties, left on account of ill health ; and Mr. Pierre Le Seur was appointed in his stead, and he appears to have been the minister up to 1745. The first baptism is on the 12th February, 1709-10. One of the baptisms is described to be '^dans la Chapelle Francoise de Christ Church," and several are those of the children of M. Louis Lestang, Esq., and de Madame Magde- laine Susanne de Lestans. * In a petition he presented to the Abp. of Canterbury, he states that "his family had suffered very much for the Protestant religion, especially his f;ither, who was put to death by the dragoons and died as a martyr in y« year 168(3)." The Rev. Mr. Cherpentier appears to have waited long; for his priest's orders, and finding' his congregation beginning to weary at the delay, ventured at Christmas, 1711, to administer the sacrament, without having received his orders, which circumstance, added to the alleged interference of "their ene- mies, the congregation of the Walloon church," occasioned the Archbishop to withhold his orders. 54 The last baptism is in 1745, soon after which time probably, the congregation was dissolved or returned to that at the Undercroft. There is the entry of only one marriage, which is of Jean Turmain and Cath Becre, on the 23rd January, 1743. THE WALLOON CHURCH, SANDWICH. There appeared at first some uncertainty about the existence of a Walloon Church at Sandwich, seeing that it was not named in the list furnished by Dr. Primrose and Mr. Bulteel about 1645, nor were there to be found any registers or any clear evidence that there had been any other than a Dutch Church at this port. The result of the author's searches how- ever, was the discovery of an old church book belonging to "I'Eglise de Sandeuuyt Francoise," and which notices also the gift of a noble "aux deux Eglises, p. ung frere flamen." This book comprises the period from 1568 to 1570, and it is very likely that the congregation did not exist much later than this date, but that they settled at Norwich, in pursuance of the Queen's letters patent for that purpose, which were granted in 1564 in consequence of a resolution of the Mayor, Sherifts, &c., of Norwich, to "invite divers strangers of the Low coun- tries which were now come to London and Sandivich.^^ It would appear by the account book before referred to, that their minister in 1586 was M. Bastia. On Archbishop Parker's visit to Sandwich in 1563, he took notice of " the French and Dutch, or both" who had here settled themselves, and he wrote to a friend at court that he found them very godly on the sabbath day and busy in their work on the week day. "Profitable and gentle strangers ought to be welcome and not to be grudged at." — Strype's Parker^ fol. ;?. 139. 55 A long narrow folio in vellum cover (penes me) contains the accounts of receipts and disbursements on account of the poor, &c., " de I'Eglise de Sandeuuyt Francoise". It commences in 1568 and ends in 1570. The following are extracts from it. (1568.) Les Anciens et Diacres ont prestes pour souvenir a la necessite des pouvres. Premier, Jan des Bonets . . Joose des Champs . . Pierre Tourseel Mahieu Honneghele Jaques Lermonet Jan de la Haie Franchois Genemart Ghuilame Queyne Pierre Van Archre £ s. d. 13 4 6 8 8 19 4 16 10 6 6 1 6 Some totale 4 9 4 Ensuite les receptes des baiss de I'Eglise de Sandeuuit Franchoise. po"' a lu baie done au pouvre Recu le 29 jour d'octobre de Ipolite a cause des florins promis Recu le premier jour de novebre au temple au plateler Recu de Franse Oute le 20 jo"^ de novebre, pour le quartier denier passe des amedes donets de la drapperie au poiires Item recu de Jacob de Maire de la reste d'un noble done jadis aux deux eglises p ung frere flamen Recu de quelq" denier a Dieu* . . . . Mestre Bastia, ministre Receu a cause de la vendue des biens et acoustrement de feu Jan Catel Item q nous avons recheu de done de I'Eglise frangoise de hampton . . . . . • • • 1 10 1 7 11 1 9 2^ 61 3gsh gd * Earnest penny. 56 £ s. d. Item de I'Eglise fran^oise de nooruits* . . 5 8 1 Recheut dudit Mr. Charles de quelque argent qu'il avolt trouve en quelque escarcliell . . . . 8"* De Baltazar Emone Rcceus rcmis des deniers procedans des ventes des bayes en ceste ville de Sanduwits £1 10''' Du pourchats faict avee le platelcr, durant led' mois com- prins un double Philippus d'or, donne et mis aud' plateler le jour de la Coene porte en tout et R' xx'"'' ij'' D'un Capitaine de guerre a este' receut huict daldi-es et de' estimez a la mony de ce pays . . xxxiiij''' De Jacque Facon Soldat quil a donne aux pou\Tes a este receupt ung daldre Reduict a la mony de ce pays iiij^'* De quelque bonne psonne po'' vmg denier a dieu . . P** De Laurens des Bouverj^es adcause de bayes p luy vendues icy pour le droict des pouvres R' . . . . xx' A LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE POOR BEING SETTLERS AT SAND- WICH, OCTOBER, 1571. s. d. s. d. Baltazar Emoult . . 1 Andi'ieu Monnier . . 4 Jan Lansel .. 1 Jan le Mair .. 4 Pierre de Larbre 4 Alarcq Blanchart . . 4 Andrieu Broucq .. 4 Jacqes Lernoult .. 6 Gilles Facon 4 Jan des bouuerj^es 8 Ricoul Tonnel . . .. 3 Jan Phles , . Pierre de le Porte . . 2 4 Louis de Gallonnett 4 Jan des Bonnets .. 1 4 Jan Rotart .. 6 Jan des Prez G Nicholas Rogier 6 Bastin Bernard . 6 Jossue Facon et sa copagne Fredericq Butin 4 Michel Clarisse .. 10 Pierre Van Acre .. .4 Marj'e Pennequi 1 Jan de la Hayes 1 Pierre de Salomez .. 8 Jacques Tenelin .. 1 Jan le Sage 4 Jacques de le Porte 6 Jenne Horede .. Grequere le tomar .. 4 Brisse Gilles I Jan des Camps 9 Noe Guiset Pierre du Brusle .. 6 Mr. Rolant 3 * No rwich. 57 s. d. s. d. Mr, Simon Oudart 6 Pierre le Clercq 2 Cicille Beautmets . . 6 Ja Bauchery 1 Catherine Versin 1 Jan Creton 2 Jacques Le Clercq . . 4 Augustin Clout 2 Jasquier Vernelours Nicolas Rohn 2 Jasque Cauliers 4 Jacques le Roy 4 Christofle Ernoult 1 Jan Taillebert 2 Nicolas Bayart 3 Laurens des Bouueryes 1 Anthoine Caulier 6 Eustace Flame Francois de Vos 4 Daniel Coine . . 2 Jacques Fournier 2 La Vefue Meskarr 3 Francoise Millecamps 2 Phles le Moor 2 Nicolas de Latour 4 Jan de La WauUe Jan Boulein 3 Lion Stenendar Michiel Creton 6 Denis du Bins . . Anthoine Vons Berguier 6 Jan Butin . . Lion Boeuf 3 Martin Roussel 6 Pierre du Forest 3 Michiel du Bray . . 4 Guillebert Pre 4 Jan Henquebart 4 Pierre du Cattel 6 Jenne Le Hardy 6 Mahieu Hennenagle 2 Jan du TaHlis . . 4 Nicolas le Febure . . 4 De la Femme OUivier de Anthoine de le VernuUe Nicaise Le Laure 3 pues pour deux mois 1 Pehles Le Leure Jacques le Moor 4 2 Soe^ de R'^ porte £1 14 11 6" Item paier pour le jour de la cene, pour pain et viii et veires 2^'* 4*^ A Jacqz sans mains A Patriarche . . . . • • • • • • Au beau frere Carlemaigne Item fut achete par Jan de le haye et Salomo Six au mois de Feburier, 1569, avant pasques De savoir 12 Beu- sale du Bled pour distribuer aux pouvres. Les trois beusale a 22 gx la beussale et les 9 autres a 23 gx Dont portent les d' 1 2 beusale a la soe de I 22'" 9" 58 Pour avoir faire mudre de lesdts 1 2 beusiile paye an ma staer . . • • • • • • • • -^ Et puis paye au boulengier pour cuire les douze beusele 3''" Recu pour le proufit de faire cuire . . . • 2^' 2 A Jacques Sans main pour aller a Noordwiths 3 Pour un home et une feme et 2 enfans allans a Londres 4"' 6** Pay^ a Tapotichaire po"^ qualque brunage po' la Veiue bro- dersde . . • • • • • • ^ A Mr. Lambrect po' plusieurs brunages . . 2^ A la fille Jeha becq orpheline dint au logis du Cannelier, pour lachapt de trois aulnes et demye de toille au pris de sept penins et demy laulne laquelle toille a este employee en deux chemises comprins les facons pour touspaye .. .. .. . . 2^ 7" A Baltazar Ernoult pour le louaige de deux chevaux pour faire le voyaige a Douvres, avec le ministre, pour eux trouver vers aul . . . cap"^* de guerre pour recomman- der les pamTes de ceste egle . . . . 2^ 4** A ung Italien mallade pour subvenir a sa necessite payer V^ Aux porteurs ayans porte la femme dudt defFunct en ten-e coprins le sallaire du fossier . . . . ij^"" vj"* A un couvreur ayant convert la Hutte des Mallades de la peste comprins le clous . . . . ij^^ vj*^ A Francois Oute pour lachapt deperches debois employee a lad : hutte . . . . . . . . iij'' A Denis du Buis charpetier pour avoir faict lad ; hutte P*" Aux omTiers ayans ouvre a lad' Hutte en despens de bourche . . . . . . . . . . 1* iiij** A Jeha de Beaugrand pour huict pches de bois employee a lad : hutte . . . . . . . . P" ij^ A ung Carher ayant (faict) le comble de lad' hutte ensam- ble pluisieurs aix debois paye . , . . . . \'j^'' vj*^ A Michiel Lertroit garde des Mallades de la peste pour un paillet et une espaulle de mouton . . . . P" iij"* A Mahieu hennenagle po"" (bivers) et zeppe Li^Te ausd' mallades de la peste . . . . . . vj** et dei. Ausd mallades en vin, ver Jus, pain, chau*, et pluisieurs aultres ptyes . . . . . . . . ij^'" vj*^ 59 A une femme flamengue ayant garde au comencemet de la malladye lesd' mallades de la peste p accord et mar- chief faict avec elle . . . . . . . . xij''' A Jan priem pour le Louage de sa maisonq lesd' Infectez de la peste ont occupee comprins le par a eux Livre aussy p accord — paye . . . . . . v' A la fille Vincent Tiberqiun pour une paire de souliers vj** A pierre Bailloeul pour ses gaiges et salaires davoir sone' aux presche icy jDOur trois mois Ass'' Juillet Aougst et septebre derniers . . . . . . • • j* A Francois Clement de Tournay pour son Voyage dicy a Londres avec ses enfFans . . . . . . iiij' vj** A Jan le Maire en lacquid dud' Francois clement pour son Logis d'une nuict . . . . . . . . j"^ Au fossier pour la sepulture de micliiel Lortion coprins le port en terre . . . . . . • • iij^ viij** A Mr. George pour la sollicitude et cure p luy faicte a Guillae du pre adcae d'une apostume p luy guerye . . . . . . . . vj^*" The preceding extracts relating to the building of a shed for those infected with the plague, and to the wine, verjuice, &c., &c., provided for them, are very affecting. How truly wretched must have been the condition of these poor strangers, banished from their home, infected with the plague, and de- nied even the society of their companions in exile ! Further notices of the foreigners at Sandwich, will be found under the title of the Dutch Church there. NORWICH. IMomefield, in his History of Norwich, notices the year 1336 as memorable for the great increase of the Flemish stuff or worsted Manufacture, which proved the most advantageous trade to the nation in general, and this city and county in 60 particular. The inestimable value of our English wool was not unknown to our ancestors even at the time of the conquest, as appears from Domesday Book, where the sheep of every manor are exactly registered ; but yet the manufacturing of it was done by foreigners,* and the value then consisted in the goods that were imported in exchange for it, and, as far as I can find, it continued so at least to the time of Hen. I. when the Colony of Old Dutch, frighted out of their country by an inundation, came to England and settled, as Fuller thinks, in Pembrokeshire only, but Blomefield was of opinion that several of them at that time settled at Wursted or Worsted in Nor- folk, and so early introduced the art of StufT Weaving there, which, as is natural to suppose, soon made its way into this city ; not that it grew to be of any great consequence till the latter end of Hen. HI. and Edw. I. when it much increased, so that in the time of Edw. H. Worsted Stuff was famous, and Norwich increased very much by the making of it. Al- though therefore this historian admits the introduction of "Broad Cloth or the art of clothing" by the Flemings about 1336, yet he contends that the Worsted manufacture was of much earlier date in this county. The 14th Car. ii. cap. 5, (1663) intituled "An Act for regulating the making of Stuffs in Norfolk and Norwich," after reciting that divers abuses and deceits had of late years been used in making of Norwich Stuffs, &c., and great variety of new Stuffs had been invented, so that the powers of the 7th Edwd. 4th, cap. 1, were insufficient for regulating the same; and the number of wardens appointed by that Act being too few, — enacts the appointment of twelve wardens and thirty * Fuller ill his Church History relates that the King and State growing sensible of the great gain the Netherlands got by our English wool, (in memory whereof the Duke of Burgundy not long after instituted the order of the Golden Fleece,) employed emissaries abroad, who persuaded many skilful workmen to come over to this country, who were dispersed to various parts of the kingdom. 61 assistants — imposes penalties — directs how worsted yarns shall be made, and that there should be no weaving in harvest time, (viz. : from 15 August to 15 September,) &c., &c. In 1564 this city being in much distress by decay of the worsted manufacture, which was now at so low an ebb that many were forced to leave their houses and go into the country to get their bread ; after many consultations had, how to re- dress it, the Mayor, Sheriffs, &c., resolved to wait upon his Grace Thomas Duke of Norfolk, who was then at his palace in the city, and there advising with him what was best to be done, a resolution passed, to invite divers strangers of the Low countries, which were now come to London and Sand- loich, for refuge from the persecution then raised against them by the power of the Duke of Alva, principal for the King of Spain, which strangers had obtained license from the Queen to exercise the making of flanders commodities of wool in Her Majesty's dominions; and upon application made by the Duke, Her Majesty granted her letters patent (under the Privy seal, and dated 1st November, 1564,) at the Duke's own charge, for the placing of thirty master workmen, each household con- sisting of seven persons, and not exceeding in all three hundred Dutch and Walloons, who came to Norwich and set up the making of Bayes, Sayes, Arras, Mockades, and such like,* which immediately employed a great number of hands, so that the houses which were decayed, were now repaired and in- habited, and both city and country grew rich ; the first, by the plentiful demand for their provisions, and the latter, by their * The 7th Edwd. IV. cap. 1, " for making of Worsteds," refers to the manu- factures in this city; and the 14th and 15th Hen. VIII. cap. 3, "touching Worsted Weavers of Yarmouth and Linn," notices the first mentioned Act, and states, " that it is discreetly considered in this present Parliament that the true making and draping of Worsteds, Says, and Stamins is one of the most profitable occupations of this Realm, and that the same Worsteds, Sayes, and Stamins truly and substantially made and wrought, had been right acceptable and commodious merchandizes as well in this Realm of England, as in other foreign regions and countries." 62 new way of trade ; and after a while so many came over that there were above three thousand of these strangers at once in the city.* The Dutch congregation had the quire of the Friars Preachers' Church assigned them for their religious assemblies; the French or Walloons had the Bishop's chapel, and afterwards the church of St. Mary at Tombland. On the arrival of the letters patent at Norwich, the Mayor called an assembly, in which the Commons refused to suffer the common seal of the city to be put to the admission of any stranger, upon which the Court agreed to fix the common seal of the office of mayoralty to the admissions of the thirty masters,! and that the Mayor, Citizens, and Commonalty were to let them houses, &c.,for terms of years or at will, and allow them other privileges, without incurring forfeiture, pains, or penalty, notwithstanding the statute of the 1st Ric. III. or the 32nd Hen. YIII. These masters comprised twenty-four of the Dutch, and six of the Walloon strangers : the latter were Rob Goddarte Noe le Turcke Ipolite Barbe John Dumime John Karseye Peter Waolls * According to tradition, these strangers introduced the ornaments of striping and flowering the stuffs which have been wonderfully improved by the inge- nuity of the weavers of late years, in the making of Damasks, Camblets, Druggets, black and white Crape, &c." (Bishop Camden's continuaiion of Camdcii's Britannia.) Norwich has long been famed for its manufacture of shawls, composed of silk in combination with cotton or worsted. -f- The following is one of these admissions. — Thomas Sotherton, Mayor of the City of Norwich, with the advice of his brethren the Aldermen, according to the Queen's Majesty's letters patent, bearing date Nov. 5, in the 7th year of of Her Majesty's reign, do licence John Powells, estranger, (alyan) to take to farm any house, messuage, or rent witiiin the city aforesaid, there to inhabit and dwell with his household and family, to use, exercise, make and work as well all such commodities as in the said letters patent been contained, as others not heretofore made or wrought within the said city, during the time of his good behaviour and obedience to such constitutions and orders as be now made, and hereafter shall be made, for the better governance of the said city. In witness whereof the said Mayor to these presents have caused his seal of office to be put tlir first day of June, &c., 8th Elizabeth. 63 These thirty masters with their families began to make their commodities, and had the church of St. Mary the less, (or St. Mary at Tombland,) assigned by the Court to them for their Hall, with seals,* and all other utensils for the searching and sealing their goods, and rules and ordinances were made for their better government, viz. : — 1. Two Aldermen, one of w^hom was to be a Justice of the Peace, were to be assigned, to hear and determine all matters of con- troversy between them. 2. Every stranger thereafter to be admitted, was to be presented to the Mayor and the said two Aldermen, and to produce a token from the elders of their company of their names, faculties, and honest conversation. 3. All officers chosen for the search of the commodities, were to be sworn by the Mayor yearly. 4. They shall truly pay all parish duties whatever, as other people do, both to the church, priest, clerk, &c., that is to saye, of everye shyUinge for their house rente or fearme, a penye, for the whole yere, &c. 5. They are not to occupy, buy, or sell any merchandize or goods whatever, only those of their own making, and them not by retail, unless to their own nation. 6. They are to pay all customs and duties due for their wrought commodities, to the said two Aldermen and Chamberlain every quar- ter, viz.: for every whole Flemish cloth ij*^, every half one j*^, every whole Bay ij"^, every double Saye ij**, every double Stamet ij*^, and j^ for the single ones. Tlie knave, knape, or servant of the Hall to have every twen- tieth penny for his attendance, and the rest to the Chamber of the City, &c. * In 1616 the City purchased the Crown Seal of the Duke of Lenox, which was put to every cloth ; those made in Norwich had the City arms ; those made in the country had the Castle without the Lion ; those made by the strangers had the ship ; those made in Norwich by Englishmen, if defective had " Norwich" in the ring 3 and if by Aliens, the word "Alien" in the middle 5 and if in the country the word " Norfolk." 64 They willingly obeyed all these ordinances, behaved them- selves orderly, became a civil people, and were of great service to the city, though the Commons and some of the chief Citi- zens raised many clamours against them. In 1567 Thomas Walle, then Mayor, who never liked these strangers, would have turned them out, and although the majority of the Court did not approve of this, he nevertheless obliged them to accept other ordinances, added to the rest.* In 1569, Justice Walle acquainted the Privy Council that there were continual differ- ences between the English and the strangers, (which he and the rest of his party were continually raising,) who were now 1132 persons in all; upon which the Lords directed their letters to the Mayor and Aldermen, ordering them to permit such strangers as were settled already, to remain here, but to suffer no more to come. In 1570, a conspiracy was discovered of certain gentlemen and others in Norfolk, who purposed on Midsummer day at Harleston fair, to have raised a number of men with sound of trumpet and beat of drum, and then to have declared the cause of their rising, namely, the expulsion of the strangers from the City and Realm. Ten were indicted for high treason, and three were hanged, drawn, and quartered ; while the strangers found favour, and were continued in their trades by which they got much riches, and employed abundance of the poor : but still such citizens as were enemies to them insisted upon new ordinances and hard customs for them to be subject to, upon which the Queen wrote to the city in their behalf, re- quiring them to continue their favours — " to the poor men of the Dutch nation, who seeing the persecu- tion lately begun in their country for the trewe rehgion, hath fledd • One was, that the Dutch should yearly elect eight persons, and the Wal- loons four, and present them to the Mayor for Governours, to answer for the whole companies, and that they should lodge no Strangers above one night without certifying the Mayor of it, neither should they walk in the streets after the 8 o'clock bell at St- Peter's of Mancroft had gone. 65 into this Realm for succour, and be now placed in the city of Nor- wich, and hath hitherto been favourablye and jintely ordered, which the Queue's Majestic, as a mercifull and religious Prince, doth take in very good part, praieng you to continue your favoure unto them so long as they shall lyve emongste you quyetlye and obedyently to God's trewe religion, and to Her Majestie's lawes, for so one chrys- tian man (in charite,) is bounde to helpe an other, especially them who do sufFre afflixion for the ghospelles sake," &c. — willing them to suffer them to sell their commodities, as their brethren settled in Sandwich and Colchester do, to whom they please, reminding them that the advantage accruing to the city from their houses being inhabited, which before stood desolate, and the number of people being employed which before had nothing to support them, together with the consumption of provisions, were no small benefit both to the city and country, and therefore they ought to be favom-ed.* Upon this, they were summoned to answer why they com- plained : their Hall doors were shut up on the 26th March, 1571, and no cloths sealed, and on the 1st of April were sent up orders appointed for the strangers, by John Bleverbasset, Esq., and Robert Suckling, Aldermen, the Members for the City, to the Council, who, on the 10th of April, referred the cause to Sir Walter Mildmay, Master of the Rolls, and Sir Thomas Smith, who favoured the strangers, and on the 21st of April it was heard in the Treasury Chamber, and both sides agreeing to stand to the determination of the Council, the strangers obtained a letter from Sir Thomas Smith to the Mayor to open their Hall door, which was done, and the order of Council came down, dated at Westminster, April 25tli, in which it was declared that the strangers should have no new burdens or exactions laid upon them, but should be conform- able as heretofore to their old ordinances, which were after- wards confirmed, and penalties added, by consent of both parties. ' * Dated at Greenwich, March 19, 1570. J 66 On the 26th of Oct. 1571 the Council wrote again to the ** Mayor and his Bretheren : The Customer, Controller, and Searcher of the Citye of Norwiche," stating that her Majesty had commanded that orders should be taken, that in no one city or town there should be a greater number of strangers (even of honest conversation,) than might be consistent with the welfare of the natural inhabitants of the place. The Coun- cil therefore ordered, that on the 1 0th November, (on which day, other counties, cities, and towns would do the same,) they should begin an inquisition of how many strangers were in the city, — how many had come in since the 25th of March last, — by what means they lived,* — whether they resorted or- derly to any churches, &c., — whether tolerated by the Bishop to use divine service in tlieir mother tongue, — whetlier the whole number of strangers may, without damage to the natural good subjects of the city, continue as they then were, — or how many might remain, and to what convenient places the residue should be sent, — to cause all unprofitable and disobedient strangers to depart, — to search what armour or offensive wea- pons any strangers had in their houses, &c., &c. Search being made accordingly, the number of strangers was found to be 3993. And upon the Return, 48 persons were desired to avoid the city, as disturbers of tlie quiet peace, and out of the said number the return was thus : English bom children 666 355 had come to the city since 25 March, viz. : — 85 Dutch, 25 "Walloons, 85 women of both Nations, 1 60 children of both Nations, and 1 French- man from Depe of no occu- pation. * Great quantities of brass money of various sorts have been dug up at Norwich, which were brought over by the strangers, but not being current here, they were neglected and lost. The common people call them Roman Countcrt. Men of the Dutch Nation 868 Men of the Walloon Na- tion .. .. 203 Women of both Nations 1173 Children under fourteen 1681 67 The return states that tliey maintain themselves by working and making commodities, and are of two several churches, and use divine service and the administration of Sacraments in their own languages, by toleration of the Queen's high Commis- sioners and the Bishop of the Diocese. — It was certified also that the generality of the strangers were of good and honest conver- sation, and used trade and lawful exercises of merchandize to the better jDeopling the city, their number being convenient and proper for its common weal, by their keeping not only their own people, but many others at work, to the great advantage of the city and adjacent country ; " only of late some dissensions have risen among them by means of three of the ministers of the Dutch Church, which notwithstanding the great care of the high commissioners, are not fully ended or like to be, so long as Theophilus Rickwaert is permitted to live in any place of this Realm, he obstinately continuing to be as hitherto he hath been, a great disturber of the peace of the congregation." — " Furthermore, here are certain disorderly persons of no church, which were designed to be removed, and also others which are arti- zans, and though they are men of honest conversation, are not need- ful to the city, as tailors, shoemakers, bakers, and joiners, which give offence to the citizens of the same trades, and others, to the offence of other citizens, are lately made denizens : as to the armour found upon them, being only 2 calyvers, 45 dags and pistolets, 4 halberds and bylls, 2 broadspears, 2 swords, and 270 rapiers, we did not think of them of quantity sufficient to cause us to take them away." " We do also according to command give ower cimple opinions that haven-townes be no convenient place for strangers, nor yet anie place within the cownties of Norfolke and Suffolke, but must needis be to the greate detriment and hinderaunce of this common weale, by reason of conveying awaye secretlye the rock spun yame, whiche is more naturaUye spun here then in anie other place of the realme, and the Bays, Mockados, and suche other commodities, as are here practised and used."* * This return is dated at Norwich, 16 November, 1571, signed by Thomas Greene, Mayor, the Sheriffs, and all the Aldermen. 68 After this return, the strangers who in the mean time had made some complaints to the Mayor, and had remedj'- as to their manufacture, became very quiet, and continued their trades, to the general advantage of all parties, and it seems some of them were settled at Lynn, for on February 10th, 1571, Ant. de Potter, dyer, on behalf of those that made Mockados at Lynn, obtained after a long debate in the Court, that the Wardens of the Walloons in this city should search and seal all the commodities appertaining to the Saitrie brought from Lynn, according to the orders made here, and in 1574 it was ordered that every cloth found truly wrought and dyed should have a seal of lead marked " Norwich Dye."* On the 7th June, 1575 came a letter to the Mayor from the high Commissioners, to inform them that divers strangers having been examined before them, had been found to maintain the horrible and damnable error of the Anabaptists, and there- fore commanding to call before him all strangers in the city, as well men as women, being of the years of discretion, to give their assent and to subscribe to tlie Articles following, viz : 1 . That Chrj^ste toke fletch of the substance of the ^^irgin Marye. 2. That the infaunts of the feythefull are to be baptized. 3. Tliat yt is lawful for a Christian to take an othe. 4. That a Claristian man may be a magestrate and beare the sworde of office of auc thorite. 5. That yt is lawful for a magistrate to execute obstinate heritiques. 6. That yt is laM'fuU for a Christian man to warre. 7 . That y t is lawful for a Christian man to require the awcthorite * Besides the Elders and Deacons, there were other officers chosen by the Consistory, called the BaylifF and •' Les hommes Politiqncs ;" they superin- tended the searching and scaling of the commodities, and all matters relating to the intercourse of the congregation with the city. The follo« ing is from "Les A<.tcs du Consistoire." "24 Feb. 1G28. Les hommes politiqncs ont aporte leur Livre et nous ont advertye touchans certeins debauches qui seront appell6s au prochain Consistoire." 69 of the magestrate, and of the hiwe, that he may be cleHvered from wrong, and restored to right. 8. That a Christian may lawfully have proprietye in his goodes, and not to make them common, yet owght accordinge to the rewle of charite, to relieve the nedye accordinge to his habilitye. To all which articles the whole company of aliens did set their hands on the 27th of the same month. Blomefield, in his History of Norwich, (from which so many interesting particulars in this chapter have been gathered) states, in reference to the execution in 1587 of several persons in Norfolk for blasphemy, "^ that those strangers who came over last, were the persons who Introduced these wicked blasphemies, and gave rise to many sects, which till then were unknown here, so that it is difficult to know, all things considered, whether the introduction of these strangers did not do more damage than service to the nation in general, which the Queen fore- seeing, resolved to put a stop to their increasing numbers." This charge against the strangers is unsupported by any evi- dence, and it is very questionable whether the reverend His- torian, in his zeal for religion and abhorrence of sectaries, has not too hastily and indiscriminately thrown the odium on the whole body of these strangers. The resolution too of the Queen just referred to, had no ill effect upon the strangers at Norwich : the Queen directed another search to be made, when the strangers were found to be 4679 souls, " of which number 653 dwelt in Colgate Ward and paid for the rents of their houses, (most of which before stood empty), £292. 15s. 4d. a year, so that upon this representation, and their living peaceably, they continued to the end of this century in a flour- ishing condition, and enjoyed the several privileges of their two congregations."* When the Queen visited Norwich in 1578, there was amongst other shews and pageants "the artizans strangers pageant," representing seven looms, weaving worsted, russels, * Blomefield. 70 darnix,* mockado, lace, caffa, and fringe ; with various other devices, to which was added a speech to Her Majesty, with which, the City Records tell us, she was well pleased.f In 1583 the plague visited Norwich, and its ravages were more particularly felt by the strangers, of whom great numbers died. On the Gth June, IGOG, the Mayor and x\ldermen by a cer- tificate under their hands and seals, certified the good conduct of the Walloons settled under Her late Majesty's authority ; and in 1011, a similar certificate was granted to them, signed by a larger number of Aldermen and Justices. By an order* of James the 1st in Council, dated the 29th of March, 1012, and made on the petition of the Walloons, com- plaining of being charged with breach of the statute regarding apprenticeship. His Majesty was given to understand that the said company of Walloons was a peculiar society under the government of the Mayor, &c., and that by ancient custom, and privilege, and toleration, they had always been exempt from the yoke of the statute ; and also in respect of the extra- ordinary merit of that people who by their commendable skill and industry had so singularly deserved of that city and of the commonwealth, and (which was not to be forgotten) by that fair and voluntary contribution wherewith they had lately charged themselves towards the then Loan, and had particularly tes- tified their humble duty, zeal, and affection to his Majesty. It was therefore ordered that the Walloon congregation should enjoy such toleration in the exercises of their religion and trade as hitherto they had done, and that no information should be accepted against the said company, for not having served apprenticeships. * Dornccks — diaper linen. f Blomefield 231. J The order of the Privy Council, 10th April, 1621, directed that those of Norwich, although born in the Kingdom, should continue to be of the same church and society, and be subject to such discipline as had been for 55 years practised among them. 71 In 1621 a dispute arose in the French congregation, and many refused to serve as elders and went to the parish churches, so that the congregation applied to the Pri\y Council, who referred them to the Bishop, Mayor, and Justices. Upon this, Dennis Lermitt complained that though he was a freeman and frequented his own parish church, and paid all duties to the ministers of the parish, yet the French congregation made him pay to their minister, and frequent e ba))tisnisof thi* congrrgation. It extends from 1689 to 1741, and records the births and baptisms of children, of the names of Chaille, Benoit, Dcjoux, Benoudd, Fresneau, Massiot, Cesteau, and Horry, thus : " .James son of James and Anna Chaille was baptized 27, 8 ber, 1689. " Elizabeth Anne daughter of Mr. James Dejoux and his wife, was born the 17ti) of 9 ber, 1095, and baptized y^ 1st of 10 ber following." 127 "Le5''Mars, 173|- Capt. Daniell Pailliet a estes enter^s en la paroise de Charles a Plymouth." " Je Soussigne Certifie avoir beni le marriage de Mr. Jean Ren- goit et de Rachel Renouf Veuve de Jean Blanche, le 1^ Juin, 1740, dans I'Eglise Fran9oise de Plymouth. En foy de quoy J'ay dresse ce present acte fait au dit Lieu de Plym° ce l""" Juin, 1740. BoRDiER, Past"" Some of the ministers of this chapel were — J. DeJoux .. .. .. 1701 Pierre de Bouchet .. .. 1733—1737 Jacob Bordier .. .. .. 1739—1762 David Louis Monin .. .. 1763 Js. Touzeau .. .. .. 1764—1807 Lyons, Sen''* .. 1706 STONEHOUSE NEAR PLYMOUTH, DEVON. The settlement of the Refugees at Stonehonse, took place about 1692. In 1705 they received of the Commissioners for distributing the royal bounty £28. 16s. Some of the Ministers appear to have been — Estienne Molenierf .. .. 1692 Joseph de Maure .. .. 1720—1740 Fauriel .. .. .. 1741—1760 Jean Maillard .. .. 1748 David Louis Monin . . . . 1762 Martin Guillaume Bataille .. 1769—1791 The chapel vs^as situated at the head of Shute Street. It was an old building converted into a place of worship, and the gift of the Lord of the manor for that purpose. When the establishment was broken up, the chapel was taken down, and the site built on in improving the town. * In 1706 aet 57, with a wife and two children. — CMS. at Lambeth, 941.^ f He was still minister in 1706. — fMS. at Lambeth, 941.^ 128 The register is in four volumes. No. 1, a small quarto in thin parchment cover, with strings to tie ; commences with a baptism on the 12th June \G92, and ends 22nd July 1710. 10 Oct. 1692. " Suzanne Godineau veiiue decedee, le jour d'hier a est^ ce jour enterree au nouveau Scimetiere donne pour la Sepul- ture des Francois Reffugi^s en ceste ville de Stonehouse." 23 Ai^ril, 1700. Man-iage of Elie Roy, son of Captain Peter Roy, and Jeanne Maria Delacombe daur. of David et Sus*"" 26 Nov. 1701. The Minister Est^ Molenier marries Judith Micliennet. No. 2, same size without cover, intituled — " Liure des Manages et des Baptemes du huitieme Octobre mille sept cent vingt. Bon pour les annees mil sept cents vingt et vingt et un. " Par nous et les anciens. " J. De Maure." It ends with 9th January 1741, and contains some delibera- tion of the Consistory. No. 3, a small 8vo. in vellum cover, commencing in 1744. At one end it is thus intituled — " Registre ou Extraits Batistaires des Enfans par moi Baptises a Stonehouse." Du 14 Juillet, 1748. "Louis Dufour et Marianne Maillard Je Sousigne declare et certifie avoir beni en presence de temoins le ma- nage de Mr. L. Louis Dufour Lieutenant de la Compagnie Indepen- dante du Capitaine Riberas ; avec Mademoiselle Jeanne Marie Anne Maillard dans la Chapelle Francoise de Stonehouse avec la permission de Mr. Fauricl Pasteur de la ditte Chapelle ; en vertu de la Liscence qui m'a ete remise ce 14^ Juillet, a 9 heures du Matin. Jean Maillard ' Pasteur de I'Eglise Francoise de Dartmouth." Ends with 17G0. At the other end are burials 1743 to 1758. — No. IV. is a 4to. in stiff" paper cover, intituled — " Regitre Batist&re pour I'usage de ceux que J'ai batis6 pendant mon minist^re dans I'Eglise Francoise d'East Stone House, depuis le 129 1 P Avril, 1762, que j'y fis mon entree, etant arriv^ le 8* au soir pre- cedent, Jusqu David Louis Monin, Pasteur. 1769. " Martin Guillaume Bataille, Min*^ began his duties 12 Mai, 1769." 1772. " Le service de notre ancienne Eglise Francoise de Stone- house a pris fin le vingt Septembre, 1772, et j'ai convoque le Seigneur pour le nouvelle Eglise le 18th Octobre, 1772, a dewe heures aprfes midi. Martin Guillaume Bataille, du St. Evangill. Last baptism 1791. At the other end ave burials 1763 to 1783. EXETER. This church was no doubt in existence soon after 1685. In 1705 it received from the Government grant £22. 10s; in 1721, £71. 5s. lid. ; and in 1728, £43. 17s. 6d. They were permitted to use the parish church of St. Olave, which was then unoccupied by the parishioners. None of their records are now to be found, but the church is incidentally referred to in the following instances. At the French church at St. Martin Orgars, there was married in 1698, S"^ Alexandre Ringli of Exeter to Susanne Raillard. Dr. Amory a learned divine, was placed in his youth at Exeter, to be instructed in the French language by M. Majendie, a Refugee minister in that city, and grandfather to Dr. Majendie, Bp. of Ches- ter, who had the honour of being preceptor in the English tongue to Her Majesty Queen Charlotte.* Isaac Mauduit, a dissenting minister in Bermondsey, was the grandson of Isaac Mauduit a merchant at Exeter, and the father of Jasper Mauduit, Esq., of Hackney.f * Wilson's dissenting churches. t The famous " Tom D'urfey " was born here, and his parents fled hither from Rochelle. R 130 In Barretti's Travels is the following account of an esta- blishment at Exeter, in which some Frenchmen were engaged. "As to the Gobelin tapestry, — the art of making it in perfection was introduced into England by a famous Anti Jesuit, the Reverend Father Nobert, a French Capuchin Friar, whom Benedict 14th, (a kind of Anti Jesuit himself) permitted to go and live in England, on condition he should play the missionary there and convert the good people to his church. But instead of doing as he was hid and as he had promised, the honest fellow took the libertj^ of secularizing him- seK, assumed the name of Monsieur Parisot, and turned director of a manufactory of that sort of tapestry ; in this undertaking he found means of being assisted by a voluntaiy subscription of the Enghsh nobility and gentry, wliich amounted to more than ten thousand pounds — as I was told at that time. That subscription he. Mon- sieur, pocketed soon after his arrival in London. I went several times from London to Fulham to see his looms, which would have procured him a pretty liveliliood if he had been a man of some econ- omy ; but he hved at such a rate, and was possessed of so many virtues, especially of those two cardinal ones vulgarly called lust and vanity ; that he contracted many debts in a httle time, turned bank- rupt, and ran away. The looms and other manufacturing implements which he could not carry off, w^ere sold by auction ; Mr. Passavan bought them for httle more than nothing, with them he set up a dhninutive manufactory at Exeter, after having taken into his service a few deserters from the Gobehns of Paris, who were enticed away by the Friar's magnificent promises ; these workmen in consequence of those promises came over to England, fairly venturing a halter if they had been caught in the act of deserting. But the Friar was far from keeping his word with them ; as soon as he had a sufficient niunber of them in his power, the salaries then appointed them (and they were forced to accept) were but scant)\ On his running away from England, the poor fellows found themselves in a very bad plight; they knew no other trade but that of tapestry making, were igno- rant of the language, and could not go to France, where they would be hanged for desertion. Mr. Passavan picked out of the streets of London those few whom hunger and wretchedness had not time to kill, and got them to Exeter, where he makes a penny out of their labour. 131 " One part of this story I knew some years ago, the other I had from those few Frenchmen at Exeter, and I fancy you will not be dis- pleased with this anecdote of a man so much talked of in Italy for his virulent writings against the Jesuits, whose books were for a time in everybody's hands, and whose character proved at last no better than those of the worst part amongst those whom he censured." (Baretli's Travels', vol. I, p. 13.) DARTMOUTH. In 1705, the French congregation at this place received £15. of the royal bounty— in 1721 £47. 10s. 7d. and in 1728 £29. 5^. They were existing so late as 1748, for it appears in that year their minister '^ Jean Maillard " performed the marriage service in the French chapel at Stonehouse. (Vide Stonehouse Register.) Tliey were also established as early as 1692, for in that year Etienne GIraud and Jean Foiicard were married at La Patente en Soho, their banns having been pub- lished " dans I'Eglise de nos Freres de Dartmouth" Their minister in 1706, was M. Forestier. BARNSTAPLE. In 1705, the French congregation at this place received £13. 10s. of the royal bounty — in 1721 £42. 15s. 6d. and in 1728 £26. 6s. 6d. Their minister in 1710 was the Rev. Louis Villette, who in that year married Anne Morin at La Savoye. In 1706 M. Coutre was minister there. From the small amount of the sum sent from the Queen's bounty, it is supposed that this was a very small congregation. They used to meet for public worship in the high school, which it is supposed was not in any manner altered in its arrange- ments, but was used during the week as a grammar school. In 1703 Jacques Bernardeux o^ Barnstaple, married Eliz'*" Joly at the French Church in Crispin Street. 132 The families of Servantes,* Latour, Bird, (originally Oiseau,) Koue, and Roche, composed the principal part of the congre- gation. BIDEFORD, DEVON. Upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, — " A considerable number of the Refugees, with some of their ministers, came to Bideford, and being mostly manufacturers and mercantile persons, they established several branches of trade there, and considerably enlarged the circle of its commerce. Some of them carried on the silk and cotton manufactories ; but it is deser- ving of note that the former branch of trade was known in Bideford many years before, for one Mr. Thomas Smith was a very consider- able silk weaver there, about the year 1650." (Watkins, Bideford, Qvo. 1792.; In 1721, the congregation at this place received from the royal bounty £28. 10s. 4d. and in 1728, £17. lis. Their minister in 1706 was M. Romans, who was then 57 years of age, with a wife and three children. f The last minis- ter is said to have been a M. Duncan, and the congregation is said to have been dissolved about 1760. An old woman named Bird, was some years since living at this place; she spoke Frencli fluently, and was no doubt a descendant of the Oiseauxs of this congregation+. * Two Ladies of this family now reside at Exeter, the one is upwards of ninety and the other upwards of eighty. Many of the French refugees and their descendants have lived to a great age in this country. Monnier Roche used to say " my grandfather was drowned when he was a hundred and eleven, and if he had not been drowned he might have been alive now. t " 1706. List for the distribution of Her Majesty's Bounty, for the relief and support of such poor distressed French ministers as are now residing within this kingdom of England. £3000." M. S. in the Abp's Library at Lambeth,M\, 64. X In 1698, Sir Henry Servant of Bideford and Eliz. De Bary were married at Hungcrford chapel. 133 In the Life, Journals and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, Esq., by the Rev. J. Smith (2 vols, 1840,) is a letter from Mr. Balthazar St. Michel, the brother in lavf of Pepys, giving an interesting account of the troubles and wanderings of his father M. St. Michel ; he says, " He for some time, upon that little he had, settled himself in Devonshire, at a place called Bideford, where and thereabouts my sister (Mrs. Pepys,) and we all were born." 134 CHAPTER VII. THE FRENCH CHURCHES ESTABLISHED IN LONDON AFTER THE REVOCATION. THE FRENCH HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL. LEICESTER FIELDS CHAPEL. Oil the 4th of September, 4th Jac. II. (16S9) letters patent under the great seal, were granted on the petition of Benj" De Daillon, John Louis Malide, Sam' Mettayer, Simon Canole, Henry Gervais, Timothy Baignoux, Cha' Peter Souchet, W"" Bardon, John Forent, and Barth'' Balaguier ; whereby they, as ministers of the French congregation of Protestant strangers, and their successors, were declared to be one body, politic and corporate of themselves in deed and in name, by the name of The French miyiisters of the French congregation of Protes- tant Strangers in or about the city of London or suburbs thereof, of the foundation of King James the second ; with perpetual succession and liberty to exercise the functions of the ministry according to their manner accustomed, with power to purchase land, to build churches, and in case of death or re- moval of any of the ministers, to choose other persons to suc- ceed in the office of ministers.* One of the chapels erected by virtue of those letters patent, was Leicester Fields chapel. It was situated in Leicester Fields, and is now called Orange Street chapel, and is used at present by a congregation of Protestant Dissenters. * The seal of this corporation was with the deeds and papers at the chapel, called La Patente, (vide post,) but is not now found. From an indistinct impression on a wafer it appears to have had a tree in the centre of the Seal. 135 It appears that the congregation first met in a chapel in Glass-house Street, and then removed to this building. There are four volumes of registers. No. 1, Glass-house Street . . 1688—1699 vide page 138. 2, Leicester Fields . . 1699—1715 3, Ditto .. .. 1714—1725 4, Ditto .. .. 1725—1742 5, Ditto .. ..1742 The congregation united, probably about the year 1776, with that at LaPatente, which latter congregation afterwards united with Les Grecs. The register No. 2, is a folio volume, (with a good index,) intituled — "Le 24 May 1699, commanse se present Liure de Baptistoire et Re Conoisance qui se fons a I'Eglise Francoize qui sasable a Lester- fild — a Londre." On the 16th January 1704, M. Saurin baptized Henry son of Henry Barbottin, a master tailor in St. Martin's Lane.* There ai-e also many marriages, and at the other end of the book are banns. No. 3, is a folio volume, with an index, containing baptisms, marriages, and abjurations, from 23 September, 1714, to 28 December, 1725. No. 4, is a continuation of the Milk Alley register, and is intituled — " Suites du Regitre de TEglise de Leicester Fields, pour les Batemes, manages, &c., commencant a L'annee 1725." It commences with the 30th March, 1725, and ends 1st September, 1742. No. 5, is a folio volume, with a good index, intituled, — " Recistre De Batesmes et marriages De I'Eglise de Lecester Fields a Londres, — commence Le 12 Auril, 1742. * Rene Barbottin was tutor to the children of George I., and left property long uncl.ximed. 136 EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS. Baptesme le Lundy, 25* Mars, 1706, a ete baptize par Mr. Cyprien Appia Minister, I'enfant de David Assire, taillour de sa profession demeurant en Little Newport Street, paroisse de St. Anne, a est^ presente par Mr. Abraham Assire et Mariane Sel, qui I'ont nomme Abraham ; L'enfant est n^ le Mardy 19* du Courant ; Cyprien Appia, Ministre Vaudois ; Abraham Assire ; Marie Anne Sel ; David Assire, Pere. MARRIAGES. 1699 Nicolas Aubin and Ester Giraud. 1714 Daniel Audibert and Marie Flan dreau. 1 702 Pierre Benoist and Anne Le Grand. J 721 Gedeon Ardin Beaufort and Jean GaUois. ,, Rev. Jean Blane and Marie Fulgout. 1 703 Claude Desblez and Anne Gallier. 1714 Louis Du Crocq and CharP Sus^ Du Bour. 1717 Abel Dufour and Marie Julien. 1723 Josue Ferrand and Sus* Biroleau. 1705 Isaac La Touch and Marie Richard. 1708 Isaac Lestourgeon and Marie Magd. Michel. 1709 Nicolas Le Febure and Ann Cath. Drouet. 1712 Quinquarley Jean and Elez. Aubelot. 1704 Rev. Pierre Rival and Jeane Cassenave Castres. The following ministers officiated here — Saurin . . . . . . 1 704 Pierre Rival* .. .. —1712 • Leisterfields offre au Ciel une riche Hecatombe, II exauce anjourdhui tes vceux : 11 te delivre enfin de ton Cheval Fougueux Et te donne en sa place une Sainte Colombe. Cette fameuse Epigramme est raportee par Mr. Rival dans son gros Livre, page 400, et elle fut faite lors qu'il quitta TEglise de Leisterfields et que Mr. De St. Colombo, ministre d'une moderation exemplaire, prit sa place. At the election for Westminster in 1710, M. Rival published " Un Avis aux Refugiez," to induce them to vote for a particular candidate. This gave rise to a paper war between M. Rival and the consistory of La Savoic, which was continued for many years afterwards, and occasioned the " Defense du Con- 137 St. Colombe D'Argenteuil .. 1716 ( Sacquin* .. .. 1716) ( Dauberochef . . . . 1716) Claude Scoffier . . De la Mothe Jacob Bourdillon . . . . 1737 Jean Pierre StehelinJ . . 1739 Jaques Francis Barnouin . . . . 1741 SPRING GARDEN CHAPEL, OR THE LITTLE SAVOY. This chapel was situate near the passage leading into the Park from Cockspur StreetJI and was burnt down in Decem- ber, 1716, together with four houses adjoining; but as the congregation at La Savoy removed to this place, it is presumed that the chapel was rebuilt and continued for some years as a French Church, and that it was previously used as a Chapel of Ease to La Savoy. The ministers were — Francois Flahault .. .. 1722 sistoire de TEglise Fran^oise de la Savoie contre les outrages sanglans de M. Pierre Rival," 4° 1719. The Irish Missionary unmasked 1724. — Vertot's dis- sertation on the Salic law, examined 1722; were, it is believed, from M. Rival's pen. * Afterwards went to Guernsey. f Officiated in most of the French churches until he made himself unworthy by his vicious life. J J. P. Stehelin, F. R. S. He was remarkable for having made himself mas- ter of the following languages — Hebrew, Greek, Latin, English, French, Ger- man, Italian, Danish, Dutch, Coptick, Armenian, Syriak, Arabic, Chaldean, Gothic, old Tudesco or Druid, Anglo Saxon, besides Spanish, Portuguese and Welch." — London Magazine. II A petition (without date) to the Treasury, praying for a renewed lease, recites that some time in the reign of Car. H. the petitioners' ancestors obtained a grant of land in Spring Gardens and erected a chapel at an expence of £2000. 138 De La Piene .. 1704 Beaufort .. .. ..1741 Paul Convenant .. .. 1743 Isaac Lesturgeon . . . . 1744 — 1755 Francois Beaupin .. .. 1740 (Lecteur.) For an account of the registers of baptisms and marriages at this chapel, see under the head of La Savoy. GLASS HOUSE STREET CHAPEL. This chapel was in Glass House Street, Golden Square ;* it was probably a temporary chapel, used previously to the erection of Leicester Fields Chapel, for the register (which commences in 1688) ends in 1699, where the first register of Leicester Fields Chapel commences, and the late M. Cliirol has indorsed on it that it is also a register for Leicester Fields. The register is intituled — " 1688, Register de baptismes, manages, et recognoissances de L'Eglise Francois de Glas House Street." The ministers officiating appear to be — Bernard . . . , . . 1689 Coutet . . . . . . ,, Cesar Pegorier . . . . . . „ J. Lions .. . . .. . 1692 Chaumier . . . . . . 1693 Vercher . . . . . . ,, Rival . . . . . . . . „ D'Argenteuille .. .. 1699 * " This was an ancient place of worship, and has long since ceased to exist, the memory of it is only known to a few persons, so that little information res- pecting its history can be expected. The following hints have been collected •it different times and from various sources, and are digested in order so far as the same can be ascertained. The first mention that we find made of the place is in 1710, when it was occupied by a society of Scotch Presbyterians under the care of Dr. James Anderson." — ('Wilson's Dissenting Churches. J The author of that work therefore was ignorant of its having been used by the French. 139 EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. May T "Le Dimanche treizieme May Mil six cents quatre vingt et Recog^^ J huit Elizabet Cautin de St, Martin de Retz, Susanne Cel- lier et Marie Cellier sa Souer de la Rochelle ont fait recognoissance publiqiie au presche du Matin, L'une pour avoir este au Sermon feig- nant d'estre de I'Eglise Romaine, les autres deux po"^ avoir signe Le Abjuration. Mons'' Contet les a receues." MARRIAGES. 1689 Jacob BaUliou and Jeane Housdit. 1691 Pierre Bromel and Ann Bequet. 1694 Jaques Barbe and Mad'' Cayran. 1689 Augustin Courtauld and Ester Polkier. 1690 Barnard Chabot and Anne Ouradour. 1695 Jean Collet and Marie Taubin. 1692 Mat" Hervieux and Marthe Breuer. ,, Philipe Magni and Marg'" Dessessas. 1693 Pierre NouaUle and Sus" JoUys. The register of Glass House Street Chapel, the four regis- ters of Leicester Fields Chapel, the two registers of Rider's Court Chapel, that of Swallow Street Chapel, that of La Cha- renton, that of Le Tabernacle, of Berwick Street, of Castle Street, of Hungerford, of the Chapel Royal, and two registers of Le Quarre, (in all sixteen registers) were sent to the Non- Parochial Registration Office, by the Rev. John Lewis Chi- rol, the late minister of Le Quarre. The first fourteen books had been at various times deposited there, as the congrega- tions were dissolved, or aggregated to the Church of Le Quarre. SWALLOW STREET CHAPEL. The French Chapel in Swallow Street, leading out of Pic- cadilly, was erected for the use of the French Protestants of the Episcopalian persuasion about 1692, a lease of the ground 140 being granted by Government for thirty-five years.* About the end of 1709 the church was so much decreased by deaths and removals, that the remaining proprietors sold the lease in 1710 to Dr. James iVnderson, who with his congregation thereupon removed from their Chapel in Glass House Street. It was sometimes called the chapel of Piccadilly. The register is a small folio, commencing with 1690 and ending in 1709. It is intituled — "Registre des baptesmes, manages, conversions, et reconnois- sances." The following ministers' names appear in it — Rocheblave, Jean Desaguilliers, M.A., 1692,* Lombard, Graverol, Doulez, Jonneau, Reussillon, Asselin, Desicqueville, De La mothe. EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. "Le Dimanche 22 May, audit an 1692, a este baptisee par Mon- sieur Grave I'un des ministres de cette Eglise, Charlote nee AfFe de Bude, ayant pour Marraine Madame Duchesse de Leinster, laq'^ a dit ladite fille estre nee de pere et mere Mahometan et agee d'en- viron douse ans et demy. — (Caroline Duchesse de Leinster nee Com- tesse RangrafFe Palatine.") " Le Mercredy 19 jour de Decembre, audit an 1693, a este bap- tist par Monsieur de la Mothe I'un des pasteurs de cette Eglise Guillaume Rabault fils de Messire Jean Rabault, Chevalier Seigneur de la Coudrier, et de Dame Chenee Marguerite (nee Jodouen) son Epouse, ayant par Parrains Tres bant et tres Puissant Seigneur Guil- laume Roy d'Angleterre, descosse de France et d'Ireland, par my Lord Silskirque I'un des Gentilshommes ordinalres de la Chambre de sa Majeste et my Lord Jacques due d'Ormond, et pour Marraine ♦ It appears that the congregation "were forced to build this new chapel near St. James's Church by Pickadely in lieu of the French Ambassador's Chapel which they had got, after he was gone, and it was taken from them by my Lord Cornwallis, who bought the house, and they were forced to transport all tlieir i)ews from Monmouth House in Soho Square." — ('MS. Bibl. Lambeth, 933— 65J ■]■ Chaplain to the Earl of Carnarvon — published a sermon, 8vo., 1717. 141 Dame Caroline Elizabeth Rangrave Palatine Duchesse de Shomberg. Le pasteur et le Pere Soussignes ont dit I'enfant estre ne I'onzieme jour d'Octobre dernier. Jean Rabault de la Courdrieee Bouchetiere." C. G. Delamothe, Ministre. MARRIAGES, 1705 Pierre Arbouin and Anne Sarazin. 1703 Ab"" Blanchard and Cath« Aveline. 1706 Louis Brulefer and Judith Marie Rousseau. 1705 Rev. Isaac CouUiette and Louise de Touzay. 1696 Le Noble de St. Tour, Esq., Sr. de la Coste and Marie Crepin. H^ David de la Croix, Esq. and Mad^ Le Coq. 1706 Pierre de la Roque, Esq. and Marg'* Cottiby. 1691 Lieut' Claude Mercier and Marthe Bertheau. 1695 David Pouget and Fra^ Le Maistre. 1706 S' Antoine Planck and Marie Du Barry. ,, Mr. GuilP Prevost and Anne Angibaud. „ Guil? Pryor (of Winchester) and Mrs. Eliz"' de Haupais. 1702 Mr. Claude Royer and Sus^ Lovel. 1 703 Rev* Jaq' Saurin and Cath^ Boitout. 1709 Rev<^ Claude Scoffier and Eliz'" Heat. THE CHAPEL CALLED BERWICK STREET CHAPEL. There does not clearly appear to have been more than one French Chapel in this Street, and this would seem to have been used from 1689 to 1694* by the congregation called La Patente or Le Temple, and when they left it, or some few years afterwards, another French congregation took it. * By a "memorial of the ministers of the four united churches," dated 18lh Dec, 1694 ; they are stated to be — 1. The church in Buckingham House in the city, established by Dr. Allix. 2. Hungerford Market. 3. Swallow St., Piccadilly. 4. Berwick Street, Old Soho.— (^i»fS. Biblioth, Lambeth, 933— 65.J 142 The register is a small quarto containing baptisms, abjura- tions, &c., from ^Gth Nov., 1720 to 1788. EXTRACTS. (Tlie baptf" of Abraham, fils de M. Pierre Mazeres, 14th Aug., 1743, and of Michael Pierre, son of Mr. Peter Romilly, 16th Aug., 1744, and of several of the name of Gossett, Romilly, &c., &c.) MARRIAGES. 1728 Guill' Alland and Dursibelle Woodstock. 1730 Mr. Geo. Cautier and MadeP de la Caux. ,, H^ de Saunnieres and Sus* Tre^igar. 1728 Mr. Pierre Deschamps and EHz. Hanet. 1738 Capt" Ja^ Forrester and Joyce Oughton. 1 739 Mr. Noe Farre and Judith Viguera. 1737 Isaac Gosset and Franc^ Buisset. LA CHARENTON IN NEWPORT MARKET. This chapel was situate in or near Grafton Street, Newport Market.* It appears to have been used by the same congre- gation which afterwards met at West Street ; the register of which chapel seems a continuation of this. (See West Street- J The ministers were — La Prade . . . . . . 1701 Henr)'^ Doubigny . . The register is a folio volume, comprising entries from 1701 to 1705, and is intituled — " Rcgistre des mariages ct baptesmes faicts en I'Eglise Francois aspelle Le Petit Charanton qui s'assemble ordinairement dans Neeu- port Market parroise St, Anne, in Soho. 1701." * "In a MS. list of Dissenting Chapels in London in the year 1731, there is one mentioned as meetinj^ in Newport Market j it was of the particular Baptist denomination, and the meeting house we understand was actually in the Mar- ket Place." — (Wilson.) This had no doubt been the chapel called La Cha- renton. 143 L'ed Jo"^ Dimenche, 27 apres les trois publications precedentes se sont pntez en de I'Eglise Led' Phillippe Condre, et La d' Olimpe Cousin po"^ obtener le benediction de leur mariage, ce qui a este faict par M. Louis de Leseur de la Prade priant Dieu de respan- dre ses S^^ benedictions sur eux les faisant vivre longuement sainte- ment en bonne union et concorde. Ce qu'ils ont promis et ratiffie par leurs seigns preseur des temoins soubs"*^^ faict coe dessus. La Prade, Ministre PhiUippe Coudret Olimpe Cousin Isaac Vergnion Jacque Poiteuin Guill. Andrieu Jean BufFart Antient et Secrettr. At the other end of the register are the " Actes du Consis- toire," from which is the following — " Nostra ayde soit au nom de Dieu qui a faict Le Ciel et la Terre ainsy soit II." "Le 13 Avril, 1701, Jour de Dimenche Louuerhire de Lad'' Eglise a este faict par Mons' Henry Daubigny, ministre de La d'^ Eglise et par Mons"^ Parivisol, aspirant au St. ministere 13 Avril, 1701, Dieu veuille benir I'Eglise et en banner toute divisions et discordes." EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 1702 Louis Bouche and Marie Constant. 1701 Jean Dupre and Cath^ Martinet. 1704 Josue Desmortier and Eliz. Monbreuil. ,, Barthelmy Morin and Louise Malard. 1703 Emanuel Pierresene and Cath* Girod. 1702 Phillip Sorret and Eliz. Geatpour. 1 704 Paul Veugny and Marie Charadan. WEST STREET CHAPEL, ST. GILES'S. Called La Pyramide or La Tremblade. This Chapel was situated in West Street, Seven Dials, and (it is believed) on the site of " the Episcopal Free Chapel for the performance of divine service in the Irish language," now in that Street. 144 The formation of this congregation and the several places of their worship may be gatliered from tlie following paragraph of a letter addressed to the Bishop of London, and copied into the Crispin Street register. " L'Eglise de West St. n'est pas nouvelle quoy qu'elle s'asemble dans un nouveau lieu. EUe a est6 etablie premierement a Weld House II y a plus de dix ans avec le permission expresse de milord Evesque, depuis la ditte Eglise se trouvant expose aux insultes des papistes, les ministres quy la serirent, entre lesquels etoit le dit Daniel Chais la Place demanderent et obtinrent la permission de mi- lord Evesque, de la transporter sur le Marche de Nieuport ou ayant aussi rencontre diverses incommodites, pour le peuple et pour les min- istres, lis addresserent pour la troisieme fois a milord Evesque et obtinrent de sa grandeur la j^ermission de la transferer ou elle est main tenant." The register of this church (with that of La Charenton) was for many years deposited with the congregation of Les Grecs. It is a small quarto ; at one end are baptisms from 20 Sep- tember 1706 to \5 April 1742, and at the other end marria- ges from 2 November 1706 to 24 July, 1741. This church was for certain purposes united with the Con- sistories of Crispin Street and Perle Street. The following ministers officiated here — Roques,* La Place, A. P. Fleur}^, J. Yver, Gedeon Delamotte, J. Cesvet 1740, Michel Colombe 1718,t Renou (1716,)+ Duval (1710.)|| EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 1723 Jean Blois and Eliz"^ Patmore. 1 740 Rev'' Paul Convenant and Judith Ann Delameer. * Roques — a good preacher, afterwards rector of a parish in Jersey. t M. Colombe left this congregation for La Patente 19 January, 1718. X Was reader and preacher at the Hungerford Market Chapel, then elected to West Street, and afterwards a minister to a French congregation in Ireland. — (Dubourdieu's Ansr. 8fo. 1718.J II Was at his death one of the ministers of this chapel, and much beloved and respected by his congregation. — (Dubourdieu.) 145 1 726 Pierre Duval and Marie Caussat. 1718 Jean Juilliott and Marie Malbois. 1710 Louis Labbat and Magd. de L'Ecluse. 1718 Rev"^ Jean Le Gros and Eleanor de Tarret et de Loubin. 1731 Louis Nich' Masquerir and Madel. Bouchet. 1739 Anthoine Mac Cullock and Sus* Barbut. 1711 Rev'* Jean Baptiste Joseph Vincent Sebanie and Charlotte Goure. THE CHAPEL CALLED LE QUARRE, IN LITTLE DEAN STREET, WESTMINSTER.* This chapel is now situated in Little Dean Street, in the parish of St. Anne. Amongst the papers belonging to this church is a copy, in black letter, of the letters patent granted to the French Protestants on the 4th September 1689, (4th Jac. II.) The chapel which was formerly called Le Quarre was that in Berwick Street. The lease of the chapel in Little Dean Street was obtained by the late Rev. Mr. Chirol, for a term of twenty-two years, and he named it Le Quarre. The service performed here is that of the English Church, trans- lated into French. The trustees are Alexander Rivaz, Esq., of Lloyds, and the Rev. Mr. Cape of Croydon, and the in- come from the property belonging to the congregation is said to be above £200. per annum. THE MINISTERS. Le Grand Jousneau Rocheblave Desgaleniers Siqueville Jean Lombard Foume 1690 1692 1697 1698 Roussillon Doulles De Tacher Graverol Coderc Jean Louis Churol E. Huelin 1698 1703 1704 1771 * Query if not sometimes called " L'Ancienne Patente." T 146 The registers of the Quarn' are two in number. The first is a small quarto, intituled — " Pour les mariages qui se celebrent en Sohon Square." It extends from 19 Mareh 1690-1 to 1718, but from the figure " No. 2," on the first page, it would seem there had been an earlier register. The other end of the book is a " Registre pour les battemes qui se font dans la chappelle qui le Roy a accordee aux Franq-ois Protestans refugiez en Sohon Square, a Londres." The baptisms extend from 8 January 1691 to 11 May 1718. The second register is also a small quarto, intituled " Ber- wick Street, Soho." It contains marriages from 1714 to 1753, and at the other end of the book, baptisms from 1714 to 1741. EXTRACTS. 1752 Richard Hatch and Phillis Hawse. John Seymour and Jane Howarth. 1701 David Tru and Sus'^ Jonte, (among the Baptisms.) The baptisms of Jean, Esther, and Marg'^ children of Mr. Michel Brunet de Passy de la Rochelle and Magd. Aymee David sa femme. (169G, 7, 8.) MARRIAGES. 1692 S' Gabriel Aubar and Anne Piette. 1691 Rev. Marc Barbat and Jeane De Yalade. 1698 Jean de la Bourde and Jeane Le Conte. 1702 Benjamin de Marchais and Henriette de la Grange. 1717 Rev. Pierre de Claris and Florian Marie Coyer. 1716 Le S' Fran^ Fleurian and Anne le Blanc. 1697 S' Charles Le Blane and Sus^ Torsse. 1691 Rev. Hy. Pujolas and Anne Richer. 1719 Jaques Triquet and Francoise Darby. " Aujourdhuy, 9 d'Octobre 1715, a ete baptizde par Mr. Lombard une fille n6e en Afrique, Esclave dans la Jamaique, elevee presque sans aucun sentiment de religion jusq'ua I'age de vingt cinq ans ou environ — mais le providence de Dieu I'ayant fait tomber entre les mains de Mr. et de M"* Redonnel, Protestans Fran9ois Refugiez cy devant dans la Jamaique et presentement a Londres, ils ont eu tant 147 de soin de I'instruire dans la religion Chretienne que'Ue a voulu en faire profession et en prendre les saintes livries dans le Bateme, auquel elle a ete presentee par Mr. Redonnel qui luy a servi de par- rain et par M"^^ Redonnel et Peschaire qui ont ete ses maraines et qui luy ont donne le nom de Susanne. "Jean Lombard, Ministre." THE CHAPEL DU TABERNACLE. There is a register of baptisms, marriages, and abjurations solemnized at this chapel, in one volumej from 1G96 to 1710. It is intituled — " Registre de I'Eglise des Tabernacles." The following is from it : — "Aujourdhuy, Lundy trois jour de Januler, I70f, M. Pegorier, ministre de cette Eglize a beny le mariage de Mons. Daniel Pettrau, marcliant et I'honneste fille Damoiselle Marie Anne de Beschefer fille de noble homme Jaques Beschefer et de Dame Louise Villain ses pere et mere tous membres de cette Eglize demeurants en cette viUe." J, Beschefer. Daniel Pelletreau. C. Pegorier. Mariane Bechefer. The ministers in 1696, were Daniel Chaumier. J. Lions, and Joseph De la Motte. In 1699, C. d'Argenleuille, Pierre Rival, and C. Pegorier. There is also another register intituled — " Registre de I'Eglise Francoise dite Le Tabernacle en MUck A...." It commences with the 26th November 1710, and ends 13th August 1719, after which the book has been used for the chapel of Leicester Fields. THE CHAPEL DE HUNGERFORD, IN HUNGERFORD MARKET. This chapel was in the old Hungerford Market, and was 148 pulled down in 1832 to make room for the new market there. An engraving of the market house, and of the large room, which was used as a school room, and as the French chapel, is to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine, for September, 1832. It appears by the register that the congregation removed about the year 1717, to the chapel in Castle Street, as the baptisms, &c., are from that date stated to be performed there. Some of the ministers at this chapel were, Mons' De Galli- niere, 1689, Kondolet, 1688, Jouneau, 1693, Renaudot, De Rocheblave, 1692, De Tascher, 1715-1727, Renou, (1706,)* &c., &c. The register is a small quarto, ending 13th June, 1727, in- tituled — ' ' Livre des baptemes et des manages de I'Eglise de Hungerford, commence L'an, 1688." EXTRACTS. 1688 Isaac Allar and Eliz. Vivier. 1695 Daniel Addee, Esq., and Louise de la Ferriere. 1699 Rev. Jean Jaq' Aubre and Gabrielle Roux. 1690 Louis Billouard, M. D., and Eliz. Clement. 1699 S' Pierre Boyer and Sus* Fromau. 1711 S^ Cha^ Billy (Bristol,) and EUz. Triquet. 1699 S^ Dan' Collet and Sus^ Baulier. S'' Jean Chapoul Le Sage and Anne Amyan. 1709 Dan' Chardovoyne (Plymouth,) and Marie Aubert. 1718 Rev. Is*^ Caulliette and Marie Enuast. 1 703 M' Antoine Hullin D'orval and Sus* Gonyquet. 1712 Pierre Anth. Dolon, Esq., and Rachel Casamayor. 1718 Isaac De Fourre, Esq., and Marg'* D'allein. 1694 Sam' Esteve, M. D. and Marie Jacqiiin. 1712 Nath' Lister and Eliz. Wyatt, 1717 Paul Sam' Lespinasse and Marie Georgette. 1707 Pierre Marcham and Marie Archambaut. 1699 S' Daniel Papon and Dame Pauline Brozet. See Tit. West Street. 149 1700 S' Jacques Richard and Rachel Vergnon, 1704 Sir Cha' Saunders and Marie Jeane Augibaud. 1717 Capt" Guill^ Stemming and Eliz. David. LE TEMPLE DE SOHO, OU LA PATENTE, (Formerly in Berwick Street, afterwards in Little Chapel Street, Wardour Street.) The chapel in Berwick Street was situate on the west side of the street, (nearly opposite Frying Pan Alley.) The con- gregation appears to have assembled here about 1689, under the protection of the letters patent of 4th September, 1689, referred to at page 134 ; but removed in 1694 to a new chapel in Old Soho.f It was built with the sum of £300., given by Lady Hollis, as mentioned in the account given of La Patente in Spital Fields, and was united about 1770 to Les Grecs. Stephen Bourget by his Will in 1788, gives as follows : " To the poor of the French church, lately known by the name of the Patente, now joined with the church called the Greeks, twenty pounds of aforesaid stock." The register is a narrow folio, from 18th August, 1689, to 3rd April, 1782, and is intituled — " Registre Contenant les baptemes and mariages qui seront ci apres benits dans le Teple de Soho, ou se recueille I'Eglise des Protes- tans Francois Refugiez, en vertu des lettres patentes du Roy du 4 Septembre, 1689. After a baptism in October, 1694, is — "Dernier bapt^me administr6 au Temple de Soho in Barwick Street." * The Consistory of this church was connected with that of La Patente, and with that of a chapel in Spital Fields. t The lease was granted to Samuel Mettayer, for the use of the Consistory. 150 And then follows — " Premier baptesme administre dans le Temple nouvellement Basty en cette ville de Londres au quartier d' Old Soho, pour les protestans Francois Refugiez." The ministers here were — Forent 1689, J. Louis Malide 1689, Benjamin de Daillon 1689, J. Bardon 1689, Samuel Mettayer 1689, Soucliet 1690, B. Balaguier 1690, Dousles 1691, Carre 1691, Eliz^e Giraud 1692, J. Farcy, Blanc, Baignoux 1694, Duval, Cartau, Jacob Gilles 1704, Baron, Jean Delpeche* 1711, P. Barbauld, 1720, Ph de Laizement 1720, J. D'agneaux 1721, C. Barbe 1728, J. Pierre Stehelin 1730-1749, Jacob Bourdillon 1737-1769, Jaques Francois Barnouin,t J. G. Mieg, BouUier 1764, Patron 1764, De la Soussaye 1766, Brilly * Married Maria Blayncau. 1719. By a letter addressed to the Amsterdam Church, and copied into the actes of the consistory, it appears that Mr. Del- peche one of the ministers (subsequently appointed to the Patente,) attempted, with the assistance of some of the elders of the Soho Patente, to turn out M. Baignoux and Fcrcnt, and charged the former (who was one of the com- missioners for (he distribution of the royal bounty,) with the subtraction of £600. or £700. of this fund. M. Baignoux cited them in the Court of the Bishop of London, and obtained in 1713 a sentence of excommunication against St. Amour Bihoreau, one of the elders, who was the propagator of the calumny, upon which he " clianta la Palinodie et demanda pardon" of M. Baignoux in the vestry room of La Savoye; the other elder Jortin, died before the sentence was pronounced. M. Baignoux afterwards left the Patente in Soho, and be- came minister of the Patente in Spital Fields, where he was honorary minister in 1719 at the age of eighty-six. Delpeche and Favre, the ministers of the Soho Patente, continued their hostility to Mr. Forent, and dejjosed and excom- municated him without the intervention of the other consistories, as it ought to have been done. The consistory of Spital Fields -with other ministers, reversed their deposition, and M. Forent applied to the Court of Chancery, but he dying in January 1717, his widow proceeded and obtained a decree against the elders of Soho for payment of his salary, with costs of suit, and it was decreed that the ministers of the corporation alone had the right to appoint the preachers at Soho. Delpeche died, and Febre being turned out by the ciders of Soho, was reduced to great misery, no one choosing to employ one m ho had caused so much trouble to the two churches. t Brother of Isaac John Barnouin, the father of tlie late James Henry Bar- nouin, Esq. of Pall Mall. 151 1775, Etienne Glbert 1776-1782, Claris (1716,) De Lauzac* 1716, M. Juneauf, Samuel Darvill.J Baptized in this chapel, 5th July, 1751, Emeric fils de Jean Vidal and Marie MARRIAGES. 1702 Jacques Brunet and Jeane de St. Martin. 1703 Pierre Jolly and Francoise Barliere of Wandsworth. 1734 Pierre Bureau and Ester Anne Watly. 1737 Jean Jaq^ Bizot and Sus^ Duchesne. 1728 Jean Jacq^ Collet and Charlotte Monteau. 1715 Pierre Jean Le Page and Sus'^ Benoit. 1 720 Daniel Riviere and Anne Vielle. ] 729 Lambert Robin and Marie Mag. Angommoy. 1 692 Jacq^ Sauvage and Isabeau Desparos. i 744 Dan' Willoment and Eliz''' Labbe. CASTLE STREET CHAPEL, NEAR LEICESTER SQUARE. This chapel stands on the eastern side of Castle Street, Leicester Square, a little above Hemming's Row. It was built at the expense of the Government, in the reign of Chas. II., for the French Refugees. Their number was then large, but diminishing by death, the remainder left the place about 1760, for a smaller one situate in Moor Street, Soho. The Castle Street Chapel is now used as a Court of Requests. f Wilson, FoL4,p.2\.J The following ministers officiated at this chapel, — Pierre De Tascher .. .. ..1725 Jiuieau . . . . . . 1725 * De Lausac. He was also chaplain to the Portuguese regiments. -f- Descended from a good Protestant family in the Isle of Rhe, came over on the revocation. Young Mr. Stanhope, afterwaids Lord Chesterfield, was put under his care, and received from him his first instruction in language, history, and philosophy. — f Chesterfield's Memoirs, vol. ii.p. 2.J X Died 18th November, 1757. 152 Larroque* . . . . ..(1716) Samuel Coderct .. •. 1731 Aubert Duchesne, (Lecteur) .. .. 1756 Isaac Lesturgeon .. .. .. 1737 Jean Cesvet . . . . . . , . 1 744 Nicout, (a Proseylyte) . . (1716) There is a register belonging to this chapel, but it only commences in 1725. It is a small quarto, and is intituled, — " Li^Te des baptemes et des mariages de I'Eglise de Castle Street, 3* Octobre, 1725." EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 1737 Sam' Smith and Eliz. Swift. 1738 Mr. Geo« Basker\'ille and Mrs. Sarah Bowcock. 1739 James "Watson and Dinah Edwards. 1740 Rich"^ Cook and Reb^ Kingsley. 1726 Rev. Ezek' Barbauld and Sus^ Marie Jouneau. 1731 Rev. Jacq* Fran' Bamouin and Frederique Anne de Guerin. 1748 Mr. Phil. Barraud and Anne Marchant. 1727 Sam' Cassabonne and Anne EHz. Corbun. 1729 Rev. Sam' Coderc and Fra'" Marie Savary, D^ of Col' Savary. 1728 Pierre Le Mercier and Jeane Segretin. 1749 Jacob Papineau and Mariane De L'Estang. 1753 Pierre Sarramagnac and Marie Richard. RIDERS COURT CHAPEL, ST. ANN'S WESTMINSTER. This chapel was situate in Riders Court, leading from Newport Street, into Cranbourne Alley Leciester Square. The register is comprized in two small folios. The first commences in 1700, and ends 1730, and is thus intituled, — • Afterwards returned to France and reconciled himself to the Church of Rome. (See Berwick Street Chajpel.J t Query — if not the preceptor of Lord Chesterfield in geology and chrono- logy. — (See Chesterfield's Memoirs.) 153 " Livre des baptemes de la presente Eglise de Riders Cort, com- mence le troisslesme de Nouembre de I'annee, Mil Sept Cent 1700." The secoiid volume contains baptisms and marriages from 1730 to 1738, — the baptisms at one end, and the marriages at the other. The ministers were Mr. Pons, 1701, Barbet. EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER, 1725 Daniel Basquain and Marie Falaize. 1700 Jacques Collet and Marie Fonuielle. 1721 Gideon Delamotte and Marie Segalas. 1733 Jacob Deble and Marie Larclier. 1707 Estienne Morel and Anne Grave. 1708 Isaie Segoumay* and Sus^ Guenard. 1728 Jean Sauvage, Esq., Made? Pegorier. MARYLEBONE CHAPEL. This chapel is supposed to have been but small, and to have been situated some where in or near Marylebone Lane. The following were ministers of this chapel, — Bernard Perny .. .. .. 1656 Michel Eloy NoUet MARTIN'S LANE CHURCH, In the Parish of St. Martin Orgars in the City. This congregation were permitted by letters patent under the Great Seal, dated the 16th July, 1686, to assemble in a chapel situate in Jewin Street, Aldersgate, under the direction of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. On the 8th Novem- ber, 1691, they removed from thence to a '^tabernacle " at * A family of this name settled at '' Huguenot Fort," Oxford, U. S. and Mrs. Sigourney, in her " Scenes in my Native Land," notices Andrew Sigourney, Gabriel Bernon, Heniy Francisco, and other Refugees who settled there in 1713. U 154 Brewers' Hall, but as at this place a number of tradespeople met several times in the year, occasioning incessant change of arrangement, being very inconvenient, and not sufficiently decent for so pious an usage, the congregation on the 26th February 1093, removed to " im Salle de Buckingham House," a house belonging to the then late Duke of Buckingham, on College Hill.* Some short time afterwards, the property being about to change masters, and the place being too small, it was deter- mined to build a chapel, and a treaty was entered into with the vestry of St. Martin Orgars, and an Act of Parliament was passed to confirm a lease granted by them to the French congregation. The lease was dated the 3rd February, 1699, and the con- sideration was " thirty guinea pieces of gold," and the ground demised was the site of the late church of St. Martin Orgars, together with the church yard thereto belonging; to hold for 50 years at £35. per annum, with right of renewal without fine.f It appears that the church at St. Martin Orgars was opened for service on the 20th April, 1701, and a book was prepared, intituled — " Actes Reglemens et Deliberations passes depuis le transport de I'Eglise de Buckingham House dans I'Eglise Fran^oise confonn^ de St. Martin Orgars de Londres, dont L'ouuerture s'est faitte le De- manclie Jour de Pasque 20 Auril, 1701." About 1720, articles were entered into for the union of the ministry of this church with that of the Savoy. * The congregation was formed by Dr. Allix. — See note to Beririck Street Chapel. f On a subsequent occasion the following presentment was made to the Bishop of London at his visitation : " We present that there is a chapel erected on the church ground of the church of St. Rlartin Orgars, for the use of the French people residing in the City of London, in which marriages are solemnized, and children baptized, in derogation to the rights of the rector, &c. "Geo. Blaksley, "Rd. Vickers." 155 The congregation upon leaving Martin's Lane, joined that in Threadneedle Street, and it is supposed that about that period the register was deposited in the vestry of the adjoin- ing parish of St. Clement, Eastcheap, the rector of which parish, with the consent of the Bishop of London, gave it up in the year 1838 to the Registration Commissioners.* It is a folio volume containing baptisms from 2nd September 1698,t to 18th October 1751. Some of the ministers were — Jacob Asselin .. 1698 Melly Mellin 1700 De Tascher .. 1704 Henry Chatelain:{: . . 1712 David Durand .. 1714 Jean Jaques Majendie 173.3 Ph. Jouneau . . .. 1712 Jaques Eynard 1748 Daniel Olivier .. 1721 M Doules 1703 Jaques Desmazures .. 1727 Jaques Theodore Muysson 1732 Samuel Mauzy 1758—1762 Jean Lambard 1698 Dembezieux, (Reader) .. (1716) Richard, (a Proselyte) . . ( „ ) * In a large folio of matters connected with this church, is a copy of the Will of Samuel Esteve, M. D., who gives the reversion of £50. per annum to this congreg-ation. ■f The earlier register (if any) has been lost. In 1696 there was a license for the marriage of Vincent Brenboauf, St. Ann's, Westminster, Bachelor, 32, and Mi's Magd« Bourdon, Sp. 32, to be married at the French Church upon College Hill, 10 November, 1696 ; (Uishop's Registry ;) and at the beginning of the register is a paper pinned in, containing rules for performing marriages, dated 1696. J Born 1684, died 1743, minister of the Walloon Church at Amsterdam. His father came over at the revocation. 156 EXTRACTS. 1703 Jean le Monnier, Norwich and Francoise Pierre. 1714 Da-sad Montelieu, Esq. (Col') and Marie Molenier, Dau' of Sir Anthony M. 1717 Peter De Visme and Madelaine Beaufils. 1718 LaAATence Espinas (Baker,) and Anne de Lanney. 1724 John Archambo and Marthe Dufour. 1725 Wm. Young, St. Albans, and Henriette De Rafou. 1727 Mr. Thos. Hen-c* and Mad"" Cath^ Mitteau. 1734 Jean Lagier de la Motte and Lomse Dalbiac. 1738 Rev. Daniel de Beaufort and Esther Gougeon. 1739 William White and EHz'" White or Wyatt. 1742 Mr. Fulcrand Mourgue and Ehz. Grimaudet. 1 744 Rd. Jarman and Ehz"' Butcher. 1750 Joshua Rhodes and Jane Plumpton. 1751 Thos. GlanviUe and Therese Amory. BAPTISMS. 1699 Marie Anne Dugard, d of Ah"" Dugard, merchant, and Marie Anne sa femme. 1703 Saml. s of Louis Durant, Plumacier. 1 705 Zacharie Philipe, s of Claude Fonnereau and Ehz"' sa femme. 1711 Thos. s of Philippe Bureau and Anne sa femme. ,, Pierre, s of Estienne RomiUy and Judith de MonzaUier. 1713 Henriatte, d of Anselm Frederic Pigou and Cath" Camin sa femme. 1719t Louis Chas. s of Mr. David de Montolien de Saintipolita and Marie sa femme. CHAPEL ROYAL, ST. JAMES'S, OR FRIERY CHAPEL, PALL MALL. This chapel was established at the Palace of St. James. * Afterwards minister of Les Grecs. t Registered also at the parish church of St. Mary, Aldermary. 157 The ministers were — PhUippe Menard .. .. 1700—1727 Pierre Rival .. .. .. 1712 Jean Majou .. .. .. .. 1721 Israel Antoine Anfrere, (query if not rector of Heigham in Norwich.) .. 1727—1756 Jacques Serces, (" et Vicaire d'Apleby, &c.) 1756 Michel Eloy NoUet* .. .. .. 1745 Caesar De Missy . . . . 1762 Thomas Herve . . . . . . 1758 Carey, (Dean of Guernsey) Charles de Guiffardiere . . . . 1781 The register is a long narrow folio, intituled — " Registre des mariages qui ont ete benits dans la chapelle Fran- coise du Palais de St. James. " Premierement par M. Philippe Menard." The first entry is in 1700; there are also the marriages of the following English couples. 17 18 Henry Groves, Esq. and Eliz. Colt, W°- 1740 James Robertson and Jane Milxan. 1744 Math" Langley and Eliz. Winn. 1747 Henry Plumpton and Jane Robertson, 1751 George NeUson and Lydia Hopkins. 1752 George Humphreys and Jane Goodwin. At the year 1756, is the following memorandum : — " Mr. Aufrere oblige par son grand age de rehquer le soin des Livres de la chapelle et Mr. Serces les lui envoya, le 21 Mars, 1756, et en meme temps les licences et certificats, qui ont raport aux mariages mentionnes dans les deux pages precedentes et dans ceUe ci. Jaques Serres." The last marriage is on the 23 January, 1754, and then follows after a blank leaf. " Registre des baptemes faits par les ministres de la chapell fr : de St. James." * Reader at this chapel royal, and minister of the French chapel of Mary- lebone, died 8 October, 1755. 158 They begin 14 August 1738, and end in 175G. EXTRACTS. Louis Chevalleau dc Boisragon & Louis de la Grange, (Royrand W) 25 May, 1700. Henry Tustel, rector of Clewer, and Charlotte Francoise de la Croix, 4 May, 1721. S. E. Monsieur Henry Hop Ecuyer and Judith Lambert, 1732. The baptism of several of the children of Mr. Alexander Gordon and Marj' his wdfe of Durham Yard, and of Jean Jaques Vulliamy and Charlotte his wife. " Monsieur Guillaume Benoist et Magdalon Hanet son femme ont ete membres de notre EgUse, en laquelle ils ont participe a la Ste Cene, et aux autres exercises de j^iete publics et solemnels, et ont vecu honnetement et sans scandale qui sont venu a notre connois- sance. Nous les recommandons a la grace et garde de tlieu et a la Communion de nos freres de Londres ou ils font etat de se retirer. Fait a Amsterdam le 16 Juin, 1746. " Par les conducteurs de I'Eglise Wallonne du dit lieu et au nom de tons. " BOTJLLIER, l'uN DES PaSTEURS. " Louis Thellusson, l'un des Anciens." In the year 1781, there appears to have been some arrange- ment as to the use of the chapel in the palace. The following is inserted in the register. " Proposals having been made to the ministers of His Majes- ty's Dutch and French Chapel, against His Majesty's Ger- man Chapel in the said palace, — we, whose names are under written, agree to the exchange proposed as far as lies in our power, but beg at the same time to subjoin in the following consideration, in which we think it necessary previously to insist."* 1. That aU benefits and advantages, whatever, as far as they concern the chaplains, reader, and pew keeper, be henceforth looked upon as transferred to the chapel, to be given in lieu of ours. * The precise words are here copictlj ami it must be borne in mind, that in many other instances in this work, the orthography and accentuation lias been preserved. 159 2. That the pew keeper and his successors remain in possession of his apartments in the palace. 3. That the German chapel be put in complete repair, on the application of the German ministers to the Board of Work. 4. That this agreement meet with the entire approbation of the Bishop of London, and that his lordship be pleased to authorize the said French and Dutch ministers to give their consent. DUTCH MINISTERS. Charle Godfrey Woide Philip Vanswinden, D. D. FRENCH MINISTERS. Samuel Mauzy Barnd. Perny Charles de GuifFardiere I approve of the exchange according to the conditions expressed in this paper. R. London. May the 1, 1781. The above took place August the 20, 1781. Sexton or pew keeper as above of the chapel, Abraham Heraud. L'EGLISE DE L'ARTILLERIE. This chapel was situated in Parliament Court, Artillery Street, Bishopgate, and was united for various purposes with the chapels of Leicester Fields and Rider's Court; it was finally closed and incorporated with the London Walloon Church in 1786. This congregation was formed about 1691 ; the freehold site of the old chapel having been bought by the congregation in 1763* for £400. a new chapel was built, which was dedicated on the 23rd November, 1766. It is thought that the con- gregation originally assembled in Petticoat Lane. The chapel is now let by the London Walloon Church to a congregation of Baptists at £48. 6s. per annum, and is called Parliament Court Chapel. * The congregation printed a quarto of 19 pages, intituled " Recueil des Reglemens qui servent a la discipline de I'Eglise Franfoise de I'Artillerie." — Lond. 1765. 160 Tliere are four registers of this church wliich were deposited at the London Walloon Church. The first is a folio in vellum, endorsed — "Premier Registre," "Liure pour les Baptesmes," "I'Eglisede rArtillerie." At one end of the book are baptisms, from 10 March 1691 to 3 August 1710, and at the other end marriages, from 30 May 1G91 to 30 March 1712. The entries are indexed. The second is also a folio in vellum, intituled — " Registre des Baptistaires De I'Eglise De rArtillerie Ground, commence le 20 d'Avril, I7IO." The baptisms end with 17 October 1742, and are indexed. At the other end of the book are the marriages, beginning G July 1713, and ending 17 November, 1745. The third is intituled — " Registre des Baptemes dans I'Eglise de I'Artillerie, depuis le mois de May 1742, au mois d'October 1783." It commences with 24 May 1742, and ends with 15 Jan- uary 1786. At the other end of the book, is " Regitre des Mariages dans I'Eglise de I'Artillerie," from 1743 to 25 February 1754. The Rev. Jacob Bourdillon signs throughout as Pastor. The fourth register is — " Registre des Baptemes de I'Eglise Franroise de I'Artillerie au quartier du Spitalfields, dresse sur du papier Timbre, en conformite d'un Acte de Parlement ; commencd en Novembre 17S3." In this book are only thirty baptisms from 1783 to 1786. EXTRACTS, 1691 (Nicholas) Dufour and Marie Feray. 1709 Michel Le Cire and Marie Magd. La Mare. „ Benjamin Cannel and Anne Sus* Malfuzon. 1714 Simon Dalbiac and Franc^ Pallardy. 1715 Rene Turquand and Lea Pallardy. 1720 Jean Marson and Alexdrina Maria Fraser. 161 1 723 Pierre Meriette and Cath' Mercier. 1733 Franc^ Guiot and Marie L'heureux. 1 742 Dan' Lavasseur and Sara L'heureiix. 1754 Rob' Le Blond and EUz''^ Chauzot. NOMS DES MINISTRES QUI ONT SERVI l'eGLISE DE l'artillerie.* Terns de L-itr iilesnieurs. Eglise d'ou Us Eglise ou Us jsotit Reception. sont verms. allez. 1695 Cesar Pegorier Havre de Grace 26 May Jean Lyons Daniel Chamier [1724 Pierre Rival Rondolette a St. James en Joseph de la Mothe Jean Marc "^-^eschire 1696 Charles Chariot d'Ar- Cure Prose- genteuil lyte 1699 Ezechiel Barbauld Plymouth aLondresenl704 1706 Claude Scauffier aMiddelbourg en 1724 1707 Jean Blanc Francfort 1709 Henry Oger de St. Colombe Londres en 1710 1711 Pierre Barbauld La Patente Morten 1738 7bre 1711 Armand Boibelleau de la Chapelle "Wandsworth LaHaye 1726 9bre 1720 Jeremie 01i\'ier Woorbourg LaSavoye 1721 25 Mars 1725 Sam' La Douespe Brown's Lane 2 July Jaq' Franc^ Barnouin 1729 Daniel de Beaufort La Patente La Savoye 15 Nov. 1731 Jacob Bourdillon 14AprU1736 Jean Pierre Stehelin La Patente Mort le 2 July, 1753 12 Dec. 1744 Louis Marcombes Merien Retire a Geneve en 1763 9 Oct. 1753 Jean Gaspard Mieg Bristol Mort Sept. 1765 * Copied from a book belonging to the congregation, now at the London Walloon Church. 162 21 Jan. 1757 19 Mars 1760 4 Jan. 17G2 5 May 17G6 8 Oct. 1767 1769 Da^ad Henry Durand Louis de laChaumette Jaq^ llenaud BouUier Jaq* George de la Saussaye Cha'' de GuitFardiere Francois Gauterel Union avec La Patente Londre en 1 760 Londres en 1761 La Savoye Londres La Savoye a Lausanne Samuel Tavan The Rev. Jacob Bourdillon (born 12 February 1704,) was appointed pastor of this church on the 25th December 1731, and fifty years afterwards he preached a sermon, which was printed, intituled — " Sermon de Jubile prononce dans I'Eglise Francoise de I'Artillerie en Spital Fields, le 13^ Janvier 1782, par Jacob BourdiUon, qui en a ete le pasteur des le 25'' Decembre 1731." The following passages in this sermon are worthy of record in this history. " Durant ce Jubile de cinquante ans, que d'evenemens memorables n'ont point interresse, soit le Royaume en general (mais qui ne sont point de ce lieu,) soit le Refuge, soit ce Troupeau en particulier ! Si d'une cot6, malgre bien des alterations et de mecontentemens. Ton est venu a bout de supprimer totalement I'usage des vieux Pseaumes, devenus inintelligibles par Ics grands changemens arrives dans le Ian- gage, et d'introduirc Ics nouveaux ; changement egalement utile et necessaire pour la consolation des ames, et I'edification des Eglises : de I'autre, Ton a eu, et Ton a encore, le cbagrin de voir le decadence de ces memes Eglises, tant par le peu de zele et de fermete que des Chefs dc famille temoignent, pour encourager leurs enfans a les soutenir ; Eglises, apres tout, que leurs Ancetres avoient plantees, comme un monument glorieux du genereux sacrifice qu'ils avoient fait de leur Patrie, de leurs Emplois et de leurs Biens, a la profession ouverte de la Verite, et a la persuasion de leur conscience ; que par une aversion tres mal entendue des Enfans pour le langage de leurs Peres, dont ils semblent avoir honte d'etre descendus ; — dirai-je de plus ? — par une inconsistence dans les Principes de la Foi, qui pro- 163 duit chez plusieurs une espece d'infatuation pour quitter leurs Assem- blees d'anciennete, pour suivre des nouveautes inconnues a nos Peres, et ecouter de pretendus Enseigneurs dont pour la plupart le babil et I'enthousiasme font tout la talent, la suffisance et I'orgueil toute la vocation. Que de ravages n'ont point ete faits ici, comme ailleurs, dans ce Jubile de cinquante ans ! Que de pasteurs enleves a leurs Troupeaux ! Plus de cinquante deux* ont termine leur course parmi les Refugi^s, dont six avoient ete mes Collegues. Nombre consider- able, sans doubte, et qui vient tout recemment d'etre augmente par le deces de ce digne pasteur.f qui, apres vingt trois ans de ministere dans sa derniere Eglise, ou j'ai eu I'honneur de I'installer, frapp^ d'un de ces coups violens qui ne pardonnent gueres, plein d'esperance en son Dieu, lui a remis tranquillement son ame, et a laisse dans sa famille, dans son ti'oupeau, chez ses amis, des regrets," &c.. &c. " II a vu, comme nous aussi, le declin du Refuge. De vingt Eglises, toutes florissantes, qui subsistoient a mon arrivee, neuf | ont ete fer- mees ; et des onze qui restent,|l quelques-unes tirent a leur fin: * "De la Chapelle Royale de St. James;— Messieurs Menard, Aufrere, Ser- ces, Rocheblave, De Missy, Barbaukl, Muisson. De la Savoie ; — Olivier, Du cros, Durand, Deschamps. De I'Eglise Wallonc de Londres ; — Berthcau, Besombes, De Ste Colombe, Bonyer, Barbauld, Convenant, La Douespe, Duboulai De Leicester Fields, rArtillerie, et la Pateiite;— Blane, Barbauld, Stehelin, Mieg', Barnouin. De la Tremblade ;— Gillet, Yver. De Castle St. et du Quarre ;— Laval, Bernard, Cantier, Robert, Coderc. De la Patente en Spital Fields ;— Fourestier, Manuel, Balguerie, Masson. De Brown's Lane ; — Le Moyne. De St. Jean Street ; — Vincent, Palairet, Beuzeville. De Wapping ;— Gaily de Gaujac, Le Beaupin, Say, Guyot, Prelleur. De Swan Fields; — Briel. Autres Pasteurs decedes a Londres ;—Forent, Majendie, Esternod, Mon- tignac, Du Plessis, Villette, Duval. Pasteurs de quelques Eglises Francoises a Londres, morts dans les Pays etrangers ;— Des Mazures, Bobineau, Boullier, Eynard, Dagneau, Marcombes, Patron, Romilly." f Samuel Beuzeville. J La grande Savoie, Spring Garden, Rider's Court, La Tremblade, Castle St., Wheeler St., Crispin St., Swan Fields, Marybone. II " La Chapelle de St. James, Les Grecs, Leicester Fields, La Patente, Le 164 d'autres ne subsistent qu'a peine, et par des secours Strangers. Peu se maintiennent par elles-memes. Puissent elles le faire encore long- tems !" The period of the dissolution of this church will be seen from the following memorandum in the third vol. of their registers, — " N. B. Le Dimanche, 21 May, 1786, Mariane fille de Samuel Le Blond, &c., Voyez, No. 30, dans le petit livre ci joint, contenant le registre des baptemes de I'ArtiUerie sur papier timbre, du 25 Novembre, 1783, au 21 Mai, 1786, le dernier qui ait ete celebre dans la dite Esrlise." HOXTON CHAPEL. There was a congregation of French Protestants at Hoxton, but in what particular spot the chapel was situated is not now well known. The register belonging to the congregation was subsequently to 1783 deposited at the Walloon Church in Threadneedle Street. On the outside is endorsed — " Registre de I'Eglise Francoise de Hoxton, 1748." And on the first leaf — " Suite Du Regitre des Baptemes et Manages, commence le 26 Novembre, 1748." Jacob Bourdillon signs as Pastor throughout the book, the last entry in which is on 8th June 1783 ; some of the entries are witnessed by "Mary Diana Romilly." The following is in 1758, — " Le Mecredy, 6° Decembre, 1758, a ete baptist dans cette Eglise Quarre, Londrcs, L'Eglisc Neuve, St. Martin, L'Artillerie, LaPatcnte,St.Jean Street." At this time (1845) only three exist, and two of them have adopted the Ritual of the Church of England. 165 le fils de Jean Durand et de Marie son Epouse. II a ete presents au St. bapteme par Jean Cossart Parrain et Charles Faure grand pere de I'Enfant, absent, et Susanne Jeane Fargues, marraine. Et a ete nomme Jean Charles, ne le 13 Novembre, passe, — " J'ai Baptise cet enfant le dit jour et an, "Jacob Bourdillon, Pasteur." WITNESSES. Theod H. Broadhead Jos'" Hankey Fulcrand Mourgue Ja' Burn Edw*^ Bisshop Tho^ Rutherford C. Middleton Henry Bisshop THE FOLLOWING ARE THE FOUR MARRIAGES 1748 Jean Vidal and Marie Farques. 1751 Jean Franc' Desanges and Eliz'" Taylor. 1752 Jonas Stevens and Marie Olive Rivalin. 1753 Nicolas Dedros and Hannah Fisher. Jean Durand John Cossart S. Fargues Pierre Fargues Jean Fargues Fran^ Fargues M. A. C. Mounier L'EGLISE DE ST. JEAN, SWAN FIELDS, SHOREDITCH. This chapel is a brick building, on the east side of St. John Street, Spital Fields. The congregation was formed about 1687, and was incorporated with the London Walloon Church in 1823, the Rev. John Louis Chirol of Le Quarre being then minister also of this church. The lease of the building expired about 1839, and it is now fitted up as one of the ten new churches of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green. There are seven register books belonging to this chapel. The first is a large folio, endorsed — " Registre des Baptemes de I'Eglise de St. Jean a Londres," and extends from 2nd October 1687 to 11th May 1823, 166 and the entries are numbered No. 1., to No. 1806, with an index to the whole, — a certificate is written at the end by M. Chirol, that it contains a transcript of all the baptisms from the foundation of the church to the date of the certifi- cate, (12th April 1827.) The second register, c. 2, is a large folio, being merely a fair transcript of the marriages contained in the two following registers, c, 3 and 4. The third volume, c. 3, is a folio register in rough calf, endorsed — " Regitre des Baptemes et Manages faits dans I'Eglise Francoise de St. Jean a Londrcs. Depiiis 2" Ocf^" 1687 au 8" Nov''= 1713, et dejmis 1^^ Fev^ 1733 au 14 Ocf^ 1754." In a more recent hand under the title of the book, is " Mes- sieurs de Joux et Lions, Pasteurs et Fondateurs." (This volume appears made up of three registers bound together, and ought in fact to have contained the register c. 4, as the entries in this last named register comprize the period from 1713 to 1733, which is wanting in the volume c. 3.) At the other end of the volume are church matters, and under the date of the 28th October 1G94, is a note that the three consistories " de St. Jehan, de Leicester Fields, et de Peticoat Lane," had assembled at the church in Petticoat Lane, and chosen Mr. Joseph de la Motte de Guienne, and Pierre Rival of Beam, to be pastors of die said churches. The fourth volume (c. 4,) is a folio in rough calf, endorsed " Regitre des Batemes, Reception des Catecumenes, et Mariages faits dans I'Eglise Francoise de St. Jean a Londres ;" — and contains baptisms and marriages from 22 November 1713 to .5 December 1733. There are separate indexes to the baptisms and marriages which are all copied into c. 2. At the other end of the volume are the acts of the consistory.* * In 1716, M. Sudre then minister, leaves, and M. Phinees Pliilibert Pielat, late minister of the Garrison of St. Giulain in Flanders, is chosen at £50. per annum. 167 The fifth volume (c. 5,) is a small book, with the entries written on stamps, from 12th December 1783, to 4tli Novem- ber 1787, and are numbered 1621, to No. 1654. The sixth is a small book of baptisms, on stamps, from 2nd December 1787, (No. 1655,) to 25th July 1813, (No. 1790.) The seventh and last is another small book of baptisms, from 5th June 1813, (No. 1790,) to 23rd April 1823, (No. 1806.) Some of the ministers were — De Joux .. .. .. 1688 Lions Champion de la Motte, (a Proselyte) (1716) ,, Joseph Delamotte, (de Guienne) . . 1 694 Pierre Rival, (de Beam) . . . . 1694 Jean Mai"c Vettichere, died . . . . 1696 Charles D'argenteuille ,. .. .. 1696 Damier . . . . . . ,, Ezekiel Barbauld* .. .. ..1699 Samuel Beuzevillef . . . . „ Jean Balgupie, (formerly of La Patente)t . . 1701 EHe Brilly L de la Chaumette S Francillon PhiUppe Van Swinden, D. D. Jean Scipion Sabonadiere Pierre Lescure Jean Louis Chirol|| EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 1688 Marc Angehe and Rachel Halavan. 1692 Ab"" Bruman and Marie Le Marsis. * Chosen in room of M. Damier, deceased, to serve the four joint churches, to live in Spitalfields, visit the sick, preach, &c. t Died in 1782, set 65. \ Chosen 7th October 1701, at £42. per annum. II M. Chirol was the minister at the time of the incorporation of this with the London Walloon Church in 1823. (Vide le Quarre.) 168 1708 Isaac Foy and Marie Cassot. 1687 Alex' Ladmiral and Ester Savoye. 1700 Philipe Lucas and Louise Escroignard. 1718 Isaac ^^allie and MadeP Durrieux. 1732 Franc* Ysabelle and Marie le Monnier. 1731 Ab"" Levesque and Mariane Gaillard. LA PATENTE EN SPITAL FIELDS, OU LA NOUVELLE PATENTE, Originally in Glovers Hall, then Paternoster Row Spilal Fields, then Crispin Street, then Brown's Lane. This was called the Patente in reference to the letters patent of the 4th September 1689.* The actes of the consistory of this church were in two folio volumes, but the second only is now to be found, and is de- posited at the London Walloon Church, together with a small quarto, containing a copy of the letters patent, a list of minis- ters, elders, and deacons, and the forms for the publication of fasts, &c.t By this it appears that the congregation first • Extract from a letter in the actes of La Patente Spital Fields, written to the pastors and elders of the French Church at Amsterdam. "Jacques second, Roy d'Angleterre, ayant accorde par ses lettres patent du 4 Septembre 168S, sous le grand Sceau d'Angleterre a dix ministres francois Refugies a Londres, qui estoient Mrs. Daillon, Forent, Mattayer, Canollesj Gervais, Baignoux, Souchet, Bardon, Forent, et Balaguier, le droit de s'esta- blier a Londres en forme de Corporation ou Corps politiq, et de prendre a Loage en la dite ville et ses faubourgs, ou y bastir un ou plusieurs temples ou lieux d'exercicc, pour eux et leur successeurs au ministerc, afin d'y prescher selon la mani^re la liturgie et la discipline des egliscs reformtes de France. Ces dix ministres locrent un temple au quartier de Spital Fields, et en basti- rent un autre au quartier de Sohoe, y employons trois cens livres sterlins qui leur furent raises en main par my Lady Hollis, et qu'on croit avoir est6 un don de la Reine Marie sans vouloir est6e nommee. Ces deux dglises, dites de la Patente, furent scrvies par ces dis ministres alternativement et tour et tour, chacuM ayant son consistoirc et les deux consistoires s'asscmblans de tems en tems pour regler les afairs <;onimunes ou celles dont il y avoit appel. t The fast for the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, was kept by the French Churches on the 11th of October. 169 assembled in Glover's Hall, of which place they had a lease.* They then removed to a chapel in Paternoster Row, Spital Fields, but the lowness of the situation, the closeness of the benches, the amount of rent, and uncertainty of possession, ad- ded to the fact, that many of their congregation were leaving for want of accommodation, induced the elders in 1716 to pur- chase of M. de ]a Place, the chapel in Crispin Street, with the house adjoining, for £300., and they took a lease of it for thirty- two years, at £19. per annum. The £300. was paid out of contributions amounting to £302. 14s., and the sale of a lottery ticket. f On the 1st January 1717, they removed into this chapel, when their minister M. Jembelin preached from 2 Cor. xiii. 12, 13. In 1740 the lease of Crispin Street chapel being nearly expired, it was sold for £100., and the consistory purchased for £31.5. the chapel in Brown's Lane, which had been publicly offered for sale ; and here the congregation remained till its dissolution, and incorporation with the London Walloon church, which took place in 1786, by a deed between the Rev. Francis Gauterel, surviving minister, and John Le Souef, and Peter Merzeau, two of the elders, of the first part, the Rev. Francis Gauterel surviving pastor, and Luke Passa- vant, and George Hebert, two of the elders of L'Artillerie of the second part, and the minister, elders, and deacons of the London Walloon church of the third part. * In the box of church deeds, &c., were — "4 Une lease enparchemin du Temple situe en Glover's Hall. 5 Un catalogue de livres donnes a I'Eglise par Jean Delme. 6 Le Sceau de la corporation qui est de cuivre. Le Don fait par my Lady Holies, du 5 Juillet, 1694, pour bastir e dit Tem- ple, (de Sohoe) en papier." The corporation seal is not now to be found. t The consistory gave the Table of Commandments which they took with the Crispin Street Chapel, to the chapel of the new French Hospital. 170 The congregation of this church was large, and the dona- tions and legacies for its support numerous. In the year 1762 the ministers' fund was £500., the poor's fund £709., and the fund "du quint" £161.* In 1742 the congregation of Wheeler Street chapel was incorporated with La Patente. The registers of this church are five in number, and were deposited at the London Walloon Church. T\\q first volume (b. 2,) is a folio in vellum, intituled — " Registre des Baptemes et des Manages de I'Eglise des Protes- tans Francois Refugiez, etablie par lettres patentes donnees souz le grand sceau d'Angleterre." The baptisms and marriages are entered together, and begin 30th January 1689, and end I8th July 1698. The secojid volume (b. 3,) in folio with a similar title, con- tains also baptisms and marriages, from 26th July 1698, to 17th August 1707. The third volume (b. 3 a,) is a folio in vellum, intituled — " Ce Li^Te est Intulle Troisyesme Regestre des Baptesmes adminis- trez dans I'Eglise Francoise quy s'assemble en verteu de lettres patentes, ceiUees du grand sceau d'angleterre a Paternoster Row au Spital Fields a Londre, achete le 31re Jeuin 1707." " Au nom du grand Dieu Tout Puissant Createur du Ciel et de la Terre : Soit commence ce presant lAxxe qui est le 3e de nos Registres des Baptemes." It commences 21st August 1707, and ends 3rd September 1727, and comprizes both baptisms and marriages, intermixed. The names that occur are Brunet, Vullaume, Barre, Bretel, DehcLile, Hanrot, Le Maistre, Warroquier, &c., &c. The fourth volume (b. 3b,) is a folio in vellum, intituled — " Au nom de Dieu quy a fait le Ciel et la Terre, Amen." It commences with 10th September 1727, and ends with the ♦ Perhaps a fifth of certain contributions set apart as a contingency fund. 171 baptism of Susanne Foot, on the 8th April 1759, on page 251 ; and comprizes baptisms, marriages, reconnoisances, and abjurations. At page 91 (April 1740,) the page begins with " Y cy commences I'enristrement des Baptemes de I'Eglise de la Patente en Brown's Lane." The fifth register (b. 4,) is also a folio volume, endorsed — " Registre pour les Baptemes a I'Eglise de la Patente." It commences 19th April 1759, and ends 30th September 1785 : soon after which the congregation left this church and were incorporated, as already noticed, with the London Wal- loon Church. On the last leaf of this register is the following : — " Je sous signe. Pastern* de I'Eglise Fran^oise de Londres certifie que c' estie vraiment le fin du registre de I'Eglise de la Patente au Spital Fields, incorporie dans I'Eglise de Londres au meme tems que ceUe de I'ArtiUerie. L DE LA ChAUMETTE. Londres, le 2d de Juillet 1791." The ministers at this church appear to have been — Charles Souchet Guillaume Bardon . . Benj" de DaiUon Jean Forent Jean Louis Malide Henry Gervais Thimotee Baignoux Samuel Mettayer . . Simon Canold Barth Ballaquier Anthoine Blane De Farcy . . NoelValot duVal Jaques Cartaut Jean Baron Jean de la Salle 1688— 25tli November. 1692— 24th August. 1689— 21st July. 1694 — 19th January. 1696 — 15th November. 1699— 5th February, 1 700— 22nd September, 172 Jean Bulguerie Jacob Gillet Pierre Ricottier Amaury Fleviry Bourgeois Casamajor 1700— 29th September. 1704— 16th June. 1705— 15th February. ,, — 23rd September. ,, — 2nd December. 1708 — 22nd August. 1709— 18th September. 1711— 8th March. Paul Fourestier Pierre Barbault Jean Jaques Favre Jean Delpeche Jean Jembelin (died 26th December 1727) 1713 — 12th April. Michel Colombe* ,. .. 1718— 19th January. Jean Balguerie, from Wheeler Street Chapel, chosen 1725 — 24th March, vice Colombe, died 1753. F. D. Cregut, 1712, resigned in 1716. Du Plessis, vice Cregut. Jaques Laborier.f Daniel De Beaufort, 1728 — 16th June, vice Jembhn.J Charles Barbe, 1729 — 18th May, \uce de Beaufort. Jean Manuel, 1730, vice Barbe, died 1754. Jean Francois Bellamy, 1754, \dce Manuel, retired in 1755 in ill health. Sam' Javan, 1755, minister of St. Jean, vice Bellamy. Phil Masson, removed to this chapel with the congregation of WTieeler Street in 1742. Sam' Beuzerille. Jean Gaspard Mieg. Francois Gauterel, 1753, N-ice Balguerie, retired in 1786, on the imion of this church with the London Walloon Church. EXTRACTS FROM BAPTISMS. 1708 Marie d of Augustine Poynter and Marie Gogay . * Admitted into the corporation and the seal of the corporation affixed 1st March 1718. He was admitted into the church by the synod of Bois le due in May 1713. t Returned to France and, it is said, reconciled himself to the Roman Catholic religion : the same was also said of M. Basset, Faugeron, and Paravisol. X His appointment and incorporation under the seal of the corporation is still among the papers at the London Walloon Church. 173 1708 Isaac s of Pierre Warroquier and Marie Martin. 1713 Pierre s of Pierre Hanrot and Franc* Maniglij. 1718 Louis s of Michel Devisme and Judith Bretel. 1743 Louise d of PhiUip Scudamore and Marie Fraillon. 1689 Sam' s of Isaac Brunet and Anth"* Froment. 1691 Ann CharP d of Jean Barbot and Char? Sus* Drehncourt. 1695 Marie d of Francois de la Mere and Judith La Cire. 1781 Anne Fran^ d of Jean Louis David. EXTRACTS FROM THE MARRIAGES. 1693 Gaston Martineau M"* Chirurgien son of Elie Martineau and Marg'* Barbesson, and Marie Pierre d of W" Pierre and Marie Jourdain de Diepe en haut Normandie. 1692 Ambroize Pointer and Judith a Lavoyne. 1711 Jacque Brunet W^ s of Jean B. and Magd. Chauvigneaux, and Louise Labourin W of Isaac Mestayer. 1711 Elie Barre and Jeane JoUin of Bristol. „ Valentine Bretel son of Peter Bretel and Cath* Metais and Anne Deheulle. On the 29th December 1 7 1 6, the consistory granted the nuijtial benediction to Pierre le Court and Marie Poitevin, who had been married some years before in the presence of their relatives, but had not received the nuptial benediction, there being no Protestant minister in their neighbourhood, and they were unwdUing to receive it of a Popish priest, as that would have compelled them to have assisted at mass. EGLISE DE CRISPIN STREET. This chapel was situate in Crispin Street, Spital Fields, and the congregation was formed about 1693, upon the disper- sion of that which was congregated by M. Laborier in the Artillery Ground. By the scandalous conduct of this minis- ter, a great part of his flock left him, and formed this congre- gation in Crispin Street. It was connected with the chapels of West Street and Perle Street, and these three consistories were 174 accustomed to meet for their general business. In 1700, they met "en I'Eglise de Blak-frayers," to consider of the union of Crispin Street and Perle Street, which appears to have taken place about this period. The last baptism at Crispin Street, was on the 1 1 th October 171G, about which time the congregation was dissolved, and the chapel was sold on the 21st November 1717 by M. Yver and M''^ du Val to Mr. De la Place, who immediately dis- posed ol'it to the consistory of La Patente. The registers are comprised in two small quarto volumes (b. 9 and b. 10.) The first volume is intituled — " Au nom de Dieu, Li\Te des Baptemes de I'Eglise Francoise de Crispine Street, 169i — Ainsy que des Mariages." The second volume is indorsed — " Registre des Actes et Baptaime de Crispen Street, du depuis L'an 1699 jusqua 1716," " et Perle Street," (" il paroit que Perle Street c'est joint a Crispen Street, en l'an 1710.") The first twenty- five pages are occupied with the actes of the consistories, and at page twenty-seven begin the baptisms, which extend from 20th September 1710 to 1 1th October 1716. One series of entries ends at page seventy-six, and another series commences at page one hundred and twenty-one. This last series appears to contain the baptisms at Perle Street, and it is not improbable that the registers of both these congregations were at some period bound up together. The ministers at this chapel were — Barthelemy Basset Delbec De la Loe De la Place Pons N. Duval Durete (1716)* J. Gillett A. P. Fleury La Prade to 1699 Yver Forestier E. Matthy Babault ♦ Durete. — He was chaplain to a Regiment commanded by Gen' IMacartney and to another commanded by Lord Cobham— a man of clioice learning and fine parts. — (Duhnurdicv's Ansr. 8?-o. 1718.^ 1/5 BAPTISMS. 1711 Jean Planque, s of Jean P. and Eliz. Watt. ,, Noelle du Rye, d of Pierre du Rye and Noelle de Dou\Te. 1695 Judith, d of Sam' de la Mare and Judith Lionel. MARRIAGES. 1701 Rene Moreau and Louise Grenier. „ Jaques Gillet, Minister, and Jeane Mestre. 1702 Elie Bertrand and Jeane Bargeau. ,, S'" Jean de la Fons and Sus^ Massienne. 1703 S"^ Jeremie Thomasin and Marthe Bouchet. „ Pierre Maistivier and Jeane Porcherau. 1705 Gille Gay and Rachel Totains. 1706 Jean Castaing and Anne Lormier. 1708 Claude Wallingham and Anne Mason. 1710 Jean le Caine and Marthe Herve, EGLISE DE PERLE STREET. This small congregation was formed in 1G97, under the ministry of the Rev. Jacques Laborie ;* it was incorporated with Crispin Street about 1700, or 1710, and the register of the baptisms, &c. is to be found in the Crispin Street register, and in the large folio register called the "Repertoire General" and marked b. 1. The following are from the baptisms — 1698 Marie DifFais 1699 Sus^ BuiUon 1700 Pierre La Rote 1700 Pierre Maf" Orange Ah'" Heuse ,, Pierre Marrettes BELL LANE, SPITAL FIELDS. This was a small congregation. In 1718 their minister was M. Liegeois, and he had been there three years. * It was formed by M. Laborier after he had in some measure recovered his disgrace, but two or three years afterwards he abandoned it and left the King- dom. Various ministers did duty for a short time, and as the lease was nearly expired, this church was joined to that of Crispin Street. 176 L'EGLISE DE SWAN FIELDS, SLAUGHTER STREET. This was a small congregation of poor French Protestants, which appears to have existed from 1721 to 1735. Their register is intituled thus — " Nostra aide et commencement soit au nom de dieu qui a fait le ciel et la Terre, a ment." " Registre des baptaime et des mariages de les Eglise de Swan Fiels de I'enn^e 1721." The Rev. Henry Briel was Pastor. EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 1722 Francois Haurard and Marie de Heuille W" 1725 Phil. A^Tard and Ann Cath. Morel. 1726 Pierre Hugue and Dauphine Audemar, WHELER STREET CHAPEL. This chapel was in Wheler Street, Spital Fields, and was dedicated to the service of the French Protestants on the 16th May 1703. Sir George Wheler by his Will, dated 23rd May 1719, directs his devisees to permit a French minister from time to time, and for ever thereafter to inhabit in the said tabernacle house, and to enjoy the last mentioned premises with the appurtenances, and to officiate in the said tabernacle in the French tongue, according to the book of Common Prayer used in the Church of England; and he thereby en- joined such French minister to officiate accordingly. This congregation was incorporated with La Patente in Spital Fields on the 14th of March 1742, on which occasion it was determined that this chapel should be closed, and that the minister M. Masson should preach the third sermon at La Patente, receiving £50. per annum as his stipend. The four registers of Wheler Street chapel are marked b. 5, b. 6, b. 7, and b. 8. B. 5 is a small quarto, endorsed — 177 " Registre des Manages et Baptesmes de Whiller Street, depuis L'an 1703 Jusqu'a 1712. The first entry is on the IGth May 1703, "jour de la dedicace." The last entry in regular order is the 30th No- vember 1712, but on a subsequent page are the baptisms in 1740, of Joseph Simon and Mary Evans. ^. 6 is a folio volume of marriages and baptisms, en- dorsed — " Registre des Mariages et Baptaime de Whiller Street, du de- puis le 12 Decembre 1712, jusqu'au 2^ Aoust 1727." B. 7 is another folio volume, containing marriages and baptisms from 13t]i August 1727 to 19th December 1739. B. 8 is another folio with only fourteen leaves written on, containing marriages and baptisms from 16th January 1740 to 2 1st December 1741. The ministers officiating at this church, were — Delasalle ^ Baron P. Ricotier Le Blanc Jean Balguerie* P. Babault Fleuiy J. D. Cregut .. 1711 Gillet Hiver de la ChapeUe Fr. Du Plessis P. De la Douespe Philip Masson Codere Sam' Say, &c., &c. ( Prefontaine 1716) EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS. 1 704 Moyse Vivier and Judith Dede. ,, S'' Jean Guindon and Judith Bridge. „ S' Jean Du Mont and Dame Eliz. Vivier. 1705 S' Jaques Thebaut and Marye Sargeant. S' Andre Miaille and Marie CoUin. ,, S"" Sam' Le Fevre and Marie Simon. ,, S' Jehan Guillet and Marie Ridou. „ S' Daniel Le Sieur and Sus* des Noyers. * Left this church for the patcnte, 1725. Z 178 1 709 S' Isaac Dal\-y and Mariane Le Four. 1712 Lorens Rieut and Jaquine Doree. ,, Jean Le Gue and Sus*" Ouvris. 1715 Pierre Lombard and Judith Gent. ,, Jean Larchevesque and Ester Fret. 1717 Jacob Gaudon and Judith de Villers. „ Michel Giraud and ^^alentine Verkin. 1718 Pierre Triquet and ALarie Pellet. „ Remond Bresson and Marie EUz. Marthe la Mothe. „ Isaac Calvairac and Rachel de la Fond. ,, Franc* de Falquerolle and Marg' Bertault. 1725 Jean du Clos and Marie Rossignol. Henry Rouviere and Marie Philipon. 1726 Jean de la Mere and Marg" Quenel. „ Guill'^ Senecal and Marie Jane Obry. 1727 Tho* Le Chevaher and Cath"^ Colin. „ Ab"" Le Febure and Marie Marthe Bourdon. „ Ab"" Le Conte and Marie Magd. Le Souer. „ Jaques Jagot and Marie Roy. „ David Betembo and Eliz. Malfuson. 1736 Isaac Le Play, Esq. and Dame Jeane Saint. ,, Isaac Le Play, Esq. and Sus*^ Campard. „ Josue Ferrant and Judith Madel. Martin, Wo. ,, Pierre GreUier and Louise EUz. Cresse. 1740 Urbain Rolland and Anne Augizeau. „ Louis Brunet and Marie Anne Hebert. 1741 Noble Williaume Paul and Eliz. Tuquet. L'EGLISE DE L'HOPITAL, AFTERWARDS L'EGLISE NEUVE, Church Street, Sjpital Fields. Oil the 11th August, 3 Jac. II. letters patent were granted, which after reciting that the French church had a lease of premises in Long Hedge Field in which they have old alms houses, which they must soon pull down, permits them to build 179 a temple bordering on Black Eagle Street and Grey Eagle Street, to be fifty-four feet broad, and eighty feet long ; this was called Le Temple de V Hopital. At the termination of the lease, the freeholder demanded an exorbitant sum for the freehold, whereupon they bought for £900. the piece of ground at the corner of Church Street. Upon this ground was built, about 1742, V Eglise Neuve, James the II. having been graci- ously pleased upon the humble petition of the minister, elders, and deacons of the French Church in Threadneedle Street, to grant unto them or their trustees license to erect a new church and a charily school at the corner of Church Street and Brick Lane, in the county of Middlesex, upon tlie ground which had been purchased by the donation of a charitable family belong- ing to the congregation. To hold to them and their successors with all immunities and privileges to such church belonging, for the service of God, after their usual manner.* It is a very large and handsome brick building, and is now rented by the Wesleyans, of the London French Church, at one hundred guineas per annum. The register is a folio volume, (a. 7,) intituled — " Registre des Batemes qui se celebrent dans I'Eglise Neuve en Spital Fields, commence ce Decembre 1753." It extends from 23rd December 1753 to 19th March 1809. The entries appear to be ticked and transcribed into another book ("couche sur le grand Registre.") PETTICOAT LANE, SPITAL FIELDS. Petticoat Lane, formerly called Hog Lane, stands near * Privy Seal Office. By warrant under His Majesty's royal sign manual, July 1742. The foundation of a new French church was laid at the corner of Church Street, Spital Fields, at the cost of £15,000., to be raised by a voluntary sub- scription among the French Protestants. — (Newspaper, October 1742.J 180 Whitechapel Bars, and runs northwards towards Spital Fields. On both sides of this lane in ancient times were hedge rows and elm trees with pleasant fields, and gentlemen used to have their houses there for the benefit of the air. In the reign of James I. Count Gondamar, the Spanish Ambassador, had his house there, also Hans Jacobson, jeweller to the same king, in whose house Mr. Strype the celebrated historian was born. When the French Protestants fled to this country, they resided principally in this neighbourhood, and Petticoat Lane soon rose into a regular row of buildings on both sides of the way. In later times it has been more disreputably inhabited, being a common receptacle for thieves and other notorious characters.* In Boar's Head Yard in this place there was a meeting house, which is said to have been originally used by the Papists, since which it has been used by various congregations of Dissenters. t It is probable that it was about 1694 used by a congrega- tion of French Protestants, for in that year the consistories of St. Jean and Leicester Fields were in union with the con- sistory of " Petticoat Lane," and appointed two ministers to officiate for the three churches. — (See I'Eglise de St. Jean.) In 1691, Noel Labyaswas chosen elder of the church in Petti- coat Lane. WAPPING. In several documents the French Church at Wapping is mentioned, but the exact situation is not discovered.+ The following ministers officiated — * Maitland's Lond., vol. ii. p. 1009. f Wilson's Dissenting: Churches. X Query — if in Long Hedge Lane, and if the congregation of rArtillcrie met here at first. 181 Charles L'Astre . . • . . . 1711 De la Prade . . . . . . 1716 Peter Henry de Gaujeac* Francis Beaupin . . . . . . 1 742 Jean Le Mounier .. .. •• 1747 A FRENCH CHURCH IN BLACKFRIARS. The locality of this chapel is not now to be traced. The ministers were — Privatf .. .. .. (1716) Rouire .. .. .. (1716) Gronffnet .. .. .. 1710 PEST HOUSE. The Pest House was situate somewhere at the East end of London. It is occasionally noticed in documents relating to the French Protestants ; by these it appears that in 1 706, a M. Fontaine was the minister. THE HOSPITAL FOR POOR FRENCH PROTESTANTS. This institution originated at the latter end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century, by some of the Refugees who possessing the means, had the inclination to succour their fel- low countrymen, many of whom were totally destitute. James de Gastigny, who had been master of the buck hounds to William III. when Prince of Orange, having in 1708 left * Died March 1742. He was the last of the ministers who left France on the Revocation. f In 1718 he was curate to the Rev. Mr. Beauvoir at Guernsey. 182 £1,000. tor building a hospital or asylum, the distributors of the royal bounty, who had the management of the legacy, accu- mulated the interest for eight years, and afterwards by volun- tary contributions, effected the purchase of the first piece of land,* and the erection of a building for the reception of eighty poor persons. George I. then granted them letters patent, dated 24th July 1718, by which the managers were created a corporation, under the title of " The Governor ajid Directors of the French Hospital for poor French Protestants and their Descendants resident in Great Britain." The chapel of the establishment was dedicated in the midst of a great concourse of French Refugees. Divine service was celebrated in it for the first time by Mr. Menard, minister of the French Chapel Royal, and secretary of the corporation, on the 12tli November 1718. From this period donations and legacies multiplied, and the corporation were soon enabled to purchase more land and erect additional buildings, and to open an asylum for two hundred and thirty poor. This continued until 17G0, when in consequence of the falling oflfof subscrip- tions, and the increased price of every article of consumption, the number of poor was reduced to sixty, and the hospital now contains thirty-six women and fourteen men, who are well fed and clothed, and supplied with medical attendance and every comfort to cheer them in their old age. The Charterf only * On the 27th March 1716, they purchased a piece of ground in the parish of St. Luke's, Middlesex, of the Ironmonger's Company for nine hundred and ninety years; and in 1736, they took of the City of London a contiguous spot of ground for a term of nine hundred and seventy years, forming altogether an area of ahout four acres and a half. In 1808, they obtained an Act of Parliament enabling them to let their land on building leases, and by this means their revenue is improved. By the re- cent proceedings in the Court of Chancery, respecting the property of the Norwich French Church, this hospital will take, under the decree of the Court, the surplus income, aftei the deduction mentioned in the Chapter on the Nor- wich French Church. t The Charter under the Privy Seal, appoints Henry de Massue, Marquis 183 requires that they shall be French Protestants or their de- scendants, who shall have been residing in Great Britain for the space of six months at least, and that upon admission they shall take the oaths of allegiance, supremacy, and abjuration. THR GOVERNORS OF THE HOSPITAL. 1720 Philippe Hervart, Baron 1745 Jaques Gualtier d'Huningue 1748 Jean Ligonier, Compte 1721 Jean Robethon, Conseil- Ligonier lier Prive 1770 Guillaume Bouverie, 1722 Guy de Vicouse, Baron Compte de Radnor de la Court 1776 Jean Buissiere 1728 Moyse Pujolas 1781 Jean de Blagny 1729 Paul Buissiere 1789 Jacob PleydeU-Bouverie, 1739 Pierre Cabibel Compte de Radnor THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN OF THE DIRECTORY. 1729 Jean Motteaux 1766 Col' Jaq' Gabriel Mon- 1734 Major Isaac de Bruse ti-esor „ Jean Bosanquet „ Benjamin Harenc 1738 D'' Rene de Comarque 1780 Anthoine Chamier 1740 Gen' Louis Dejean 1789 Pierre Nouaille ,, Capt" Pierre de la Pri- „ Hon. Philippe Pusey maudaye 1769 General Jean Carnac ,, Sir John Lequesne ,, Jean Durand, M. P. ,, Sir John Ligonier, K. B. ,, Col' Charles Vignoles 1752 JeanJaq^Majendie, D.D. ,, Estienne Thes. Jansen, „ Sam' Pechel, Master in Bart. Chancery „ Josue Mauger, M. P. 1754 Col' Ruvigny de Cosne ,, GuilP Devaynes, M. P. ,, Simon Dalbiac ,, Capt" Jaq^ Barbut „ Col' Cha' Montolieu ,, Sir Paul Pechel, Bart. 1766 Gen' W"' RufFane 1773 Jean Louis Petit, M. D. de RuvigTiy, Earl of Galloway, to be the first governor ; James Baudoin, deputy governor; and thirty-seven persons therein named, to be directors: empowers them to have a common seal, to purchase lands, to take devises of land, &c., not exceeding- £500. per annum, to appoint a treasurer, and ser- vants, to make bye laws, and to appoint a minister to perform divine service in the hospital, after the Rites of the Church of England, &c., &c. 184 1773 Capt" Geo. Brisac „ Dan'PierreLayard, M.D. „ L' Gen' Henry Clinton do Mlettes 1777 Major Gen' Layard Louis Duval 1783 Capt" Dumaresq, R. N. 178G Sir Sam' Romilly 1804 Francis Maseres, Baron of the Excheq"' 1839 Sir Jn° Peter Boileau, Bart. The following is a list of the chaplains of the French Hos pital from its commencement. Elected. Rev. Duplessis . . 1720 — July 6th, . „ Lemoine 1723 — April 3rd, . 174^ — January 6th, 1763— March 2nd, . 1768— July 27th, . 1790— May 20th, . 1803— July 20th, . 1820— March 15th, resioTied. died resigned. ,, Jaques Duplessis ,, Louis Villette ,, Jean Carle . . ,, Pierre Lescure „ Th. Abauzit „ George Lawrence „ Joseph Claude MefFre 1826— Dec. 20th, the late Chaplain. In the principal room of the building are portraits of the Earl of Galway, Col' Ligonier, Mr. Duval, &c., &c. L'ECOLE DE CHARITE FRANCAISE PROTESTANTE DE WESTMINSTER. President, Le Compte de Radnor. This school, which is in Windmill Street, Tottenham Court Road, was established in 1747 for the clothing, board, and education of a certain number of girls, children of French Refugees. The annual subscriptions are between £50. and £G0. ; but it ajjpears that the interest of the money in the funds belonging to the charity amounts to £208. 15s. per annum. 185 THE DUTCH CHURCH, AUSTIN FRIARS, LONDON. CHAPTER VIII. THE DUTCH CHURCHES IN LONDON, NORWICH, COLCHESTKR, YARMOUTH, HALTSEAD, SANDWICH, MAIDSTONE, DOVER, CANVEY ISLAND, STAMFORD, AND THETFORD TilE DUTCH CHAPEL ROYAL. THE DUTCH CHURCH, AUSTIN FRIARS, LONDON. The Flemings, forming part of the body of strangers, were incorporated by Edward VI. and were settled as a congrega- tion in Austin Friars. By the letters patent, dated 24th July 1550, it was ordered — " Quod idem superintendens et ministri in re et nomine sint et erunt unum Corpus corporatum et politicum, de se per nomen ' Su- perintendentis et Ministrorum Ecclesise Germanorum et Aliorum peregrinorum in fundatione Regis Edwardi Sexti in Civitate Lon- dinense.' " a2 186 and John a'Lasco* was appointed to be the first superin- tendant, and Gualterus Deloenus, Martinus Flandrus^ Fran- ciscus Riverius, and Richardus Gallus to be the first four ministers. From the following notice in the Acta Regia, it would appear that they had had the use of the church of the Austin Friars nearly two hundred years previously, unless the circumstance of the Flemings being there, be attributable to their having taking sanctuary in this church. "In the rebellion of Wat Tyler 1381 they executed many Flem- ings as well as Englishmen ; they brought thirteen Flemings out of the Augustine Friars' Church in London, and seventeen out of another church, and thirty-two in the Vintry, and so in other places of the city, as also in Southwark, all which they beheaded, except they could plainly pronounce " bread and cheese ;" for if their speech sounded anything on " brot " or " cawse," off went their heads, as a sure mark they were Flemings." Edward VI. in his diary has the following minute — " 29th June. It was appointed that the Germans should have the Austin Friars for their church to have their service in, for avoid- ing of all sects of Anabaptists and such like." It was called the Temple of Jesus, and in three of the South windows on painted glass, is the following : 15 lESVS TEPLE. 50 "In 1560 the church had for their chief elder, Johannes Uten- hovius, a man of noble rank and quality, and formerly assistant to a'Lasco. Their ministers were Deloene, Hadrianus, Hamstedius, and Gotofridus Wyngius. Another learned foreigner belonging to this church was Jacobus Acontius, who with Hamstedius was touched ^vith anabaptistical and arian principles, and had divers followers shrowding themselves under the wings of this church." • .Strype says he was a Polish nobleman, who bad left his native country with tlubave of the King of Poland, by whom he was well known and beloved. Strype's Cranmcr has an engraving of him. 187 In 1566 the King of Spain having complained that his snbjects of the Low Countries had been harboured in England, the Queen directed Bishop Grindall to take their names. The ministers of the church accordingly sent him a book signed by themselves and the elders or overseers of the church, containing the names of such as having been or lived in Brabant or Flanders, were then of" the " Belgic German Church London," together with a character of their sobriety ; many of whom planted themselves in Southwark for the convenience of their trades; these amounted in all to 310 persons. The list in Strype's Life of Grindall, App.* No. XV. is intituled thus — " Catologus eorum qui ex Ditione Philippi Hispaniarum Regis Ecclesise Belgico Germanicae Londinensi subsunt." And amongst the names, are the following — Van Home, Speelman, Dottegnie, Jacopsen, Jacobs, Smidts, Knoipe, Tessmaker, Provoost, Bogardt, Van Pene, &c. The superintendency of a'Lasco seemed to extend not only to this particular congregation of Germans, but over all the other churches of foreigners set up in London, as also over their schools of learning and education. They were all subject to his inspection, and within his jurisdiction ; and Melancthon in an epistle to him in the month of September 1551, speaks of the purity of doctrine in his churches. He was a great friend of Erasmus, was with him at his death, and became possessed of his library, t — f Strype's Cranmer.J * In Strype's Grindall is also a list of 120 strangers who had been prose- cuted for Religion, and frequented the English, French, Dutch, or Italian churches. \ Alasco wrote a book of the services and discipline of the church of the Strangers. It was translated into French with the following title : "Toute la forme et maniere du Ministere Ecclesiastique en TEglise des estragers, dressee a Londres en Angleterre, par le prince treffidele dudit pays, le Roy Edouard VI. de ce nom : L'an apres I'incarnation de Christ 1550, avec le privilege de sa majestic a la fin du livre. Par M . Jean a Lasco, Baron de Polonie. Traduit de Latin en Francois, et imprime par Giles Ctematius, 1556. Que toutes choses se fassent honestemens et par ordre en rEglise. I Corinth, 34. 188 In 1552, some of the Dutch congregation were molested for not attending the parish cluirch according to statute, where- upon a'Lasco obtained an order in Council, November 4th 1552, whereby it was ordered — " That the Bishop of London should confer with John a Lasco, and hetsveen them, de\'ise some good means for appeasing the dis- quiet hitely happened in the strangers' church in London, upon exe- cution of the statute for coming to church. And in the mean while, till the matter may he further considered, to suffer the said strangers to repair to their accustomed church, as they were wont to do." — Strype,!}. 240. These strangers on the accession of Queen Mary ''were dis- solved and glad to flee into foreign parts, and the members of this cluirch settled themselves, — some in Poland, others in Friezeland." I5ut at the Queen's death many of them returned to England. " On the arrival of Utenhovius at Francfort, he received letters of commendation from Bullinger to Queen Elizabeth. With these he proceeded to England, taking with him Peter de Loene, a minister, son of Walter, who being arrived here was admitted to serve this church with Hamstedius.* Utenhovius and De Loene brought over with them King Edward's Charter to this church, and petitioned for its confirmation, which appears to have been withheld as it was not convenient to have another superintendent over a church (and that a stranger) besides the Bishop of the Diocese. To remedy this the church appointed Grindall, Bishop of London, to be their superinten- dent, who on all occasions shewed himself their patron. The Queenf * "About 1559 one Adrian Hamstedius a learned preacher came to England from Zealand and gathered a congregation of his countrymen. He was chosen their minister, and got liberty to perform his function of preaching God's word to them ; which he did sometimes in Christ Church and sometimes at St. Mar- garet's and other places." " In 1560 he was convened before Bishop Grindall for favouring some Dutch Analjaptists, and refusing to renounce ceitain errors, the Bishop excommuni- cated him, soon after which he retired beyond the sea." t In tlie year 1564 Guilliam Boonen, a Dutchman, became the Queen's coaclunaii, and was the first that brought tlie use of coaches into England. — 189 then gave them a letter for her jiurveyor to empty the said church, or temple, of all casks and vessels, and other stuffs wherewith it was filled in Queen Mary's days, (laying up there her naval stores and such like things) and to restore the said strangers to the possession of the said temple." "In 1575 the condition of the people of the Low Countries was so sad, that great numbers of them had fled over hither and desired to join with the Dutch Church in London, and to become members thereof. Yet so tender was the Queen of breaking with that proud and powerful Prince, the King of Spain, that she would not admit of this, nor give countenance to such as fled away out of these coun- tries under his subjection. For it is remarkable what is set down and recorded in a journal* of the Dutch Church in London, vwitten by Simeon Ruytinck, one of their ministers in those times, and yet preserved in their church. — (That when divers foreigners had come hither on account of religion and desired to be admitted in commu- nion with the rest of the Dutch Church, the Queen hearing of it. Stow. It is added elsewhere that after a while divers great ladies (with as great jealousy of the Queen's displeasure) made them coaches and rid in them up and down the countries, to the great admiration of all the beholders. — (Col- lection of divers curious historical pieces, p. 16. J The wife of this Guilliam was the first who starched the Queen's cambric rufFs, which were then substi- tuted for those made of fine Holland. — (Stow's Annals, 867. J "It was in the year 1564 that Mrs. Dinghen vanden Plasse, who was born at Teenen in Flanders, and ivas the daughter of a Knight of that province, came to London with her husband for safety ; she was the first who taught starching in those days of impurity. — Our historians go farther, and condescend to inform us that her price was about £5. to teach how to starch, and £20. how to seeth starch ; and that in a little time she got an estate, being greatly encouraged by gentlemen and ladies." p. 25. Stow, in his Annals, adds "some very few of the best and most curious wives of that time, observing the neatness and delicacy of the Dutch for whiteness and fine wearing of linen, — made them cambric rufFs and sent them to Mrs. Dignhen to starch, and after a while they made them ruffs of lawn which was at that time a stuff most strange and wonderful, and thereupon rose a general scoff or by word that shortly they would make ruffs of a spiders' web, and then they began to send their daughters and neatest kinswomen to Mrs. Dinghen to learn how to starch." * This is still preserved amongst the Records of the Dutch Church. 190 commanded the Lord Mayor to disperse them from London. Where- upon they apphed to the Bishop of London to represent their case to the Queen and Council,) who did so, and the Council sent a letter in answer to the said church, June 29th 1574 that that church should ad\'ise those new members to depart from London (where they were more obvious to be taken notice of by King Phillip's spies) and to go to other parts of the kingdom, where there were also churches of Pro- testant professors ; which that church accordingly did."* — Strype's Annals, II. p. 386. In 1563 the Dutch congregation in London was disturbed by one Justus Velsius, a foreigner of the Hague, who being " one Thursday in March at a prophesy (as it was called) in the church where Nicolas, one of the ministers, preached upon the doctrine of regeneration" stood up and contradicted him, and challenged him and Peter de Loene the other minister to an argument. His wild proceedings are noticed at length in Strype's Annals, Vol. I. cap. 34, by which it appears he was ultimately forbid the kingdom by the Bishops of London and Winchester. t " John Peters and Henry Turwert, Flemings bom, were adjudged and declared heretics for maintaining the false and dangerous opin- ion, and sects of Anabaptists : they were burned in West Smithfield in \blbrX—(Rymer, 740.; "April 7. A certain Arrian of the straungers, a duche man, being excomunicated by the congregation of his contriemen, was after long disputation condemned to the fire." In 1568 the Bishop of London witli other of the Queen's Commissioners for causes ecclesiastical, made a decree on be- ♦ This gave rise no doubt to the establishment of the congregations in the various provincial towns hereinafter referred to. f A book was published at the time, intituled — "propositions or articles drawn out of Holy Scripture, shewing the cause of continual variance in the Dutch church of London ; and thoughte meete to be published for staying of other congregations which in these daies doe spring vp." X One had been burnt there in 1551, as appears by a note in King Edward the Sixth's Diary. 191 half of the Dutch strangers' church in London. The occasion of it was, some of the members having carried tliemselves dis- obediently to the orders of it, and then for avoiding the cen- sures, had departed and revolted from it. Upon the petition of the church therefore it was decreed ; first that the church should continue in its first constitution under its own discipline hitherto accustomed, and in its conformity with other of the reformed churches ; confirming the ministers, elders, and dea- cons of the same church in their ministries and administrations. And then exhorting all strangers abiding in the city of Lon- don who professed Christ and his gospel, to join themselves to that church, and to submit to its holy appointments. And further declared all such as had made a defection from this church and had caused the late disturbance in it, to be un- quiet and stubborn persons, until by repentance they returned and gave satisfaction to God and his church; reserving to themselves the further restraint and correction of them. This was given under their seal the 19th December 1567. — Strype's Annals, vol- I. cap. 50. The foreigners gave great offence by their retail dealings, and in the night of the 5th May 1593, some verses were affixed to the wall of this church yard, beginning You strangers that inhabit in this land. Note this same writing, do it understand ; Conceive it well for save guard of your lives. Your goods, your children, ai:id your dearest wives. The Court hearing of this and of a threatened rising of 2336 apprentices ''to down with the Flemings and strangers," took measures for their protection, and '' some of the rioters were put into the stocks, carted, and whipped, for a terror to other apprentices and servants." " In an instrument of order dated 9th August 1615, made upon a petition of the Dutch Churches of London and Colchester, complain- ing of certain persons that offended against the government and censures ecclesiastical of their congregation ; Bishop King specified 192 how King James I. had extended his gracious favour towards these congregations for the continuance of their quiet residence and habita- tion within the said city and town,* and for their successive enjoying of their ancient accustomed liberties in the Government of their con- gregations among themselves, and with the good liking of the state. The Bishop then enjoyned that no member of the said churches that had offended, and thereby deserved their censures, should depart from those congregations and join themselves to any parish church, before he had been either censured for his offence or otherwise had reconciled himself unto his respective congregation." — (Slrype's AnnaJs, vol. I. cap. oQ.) In 1702 a disturbance took place in the church, caused by Emilias Van Cuilembergh, the elder minister, insisting upon preaching after ho had been forbidden the pulpit. Both par- ties petitionedf the Bishop of London as the Superintendent of the foreign churches, who made his award, dated 28th Sep- tember 1703, directing Cuilembergh to give up the pulpit, the house, and pew ; upon which the vestry was to allow him £55. per annum, and £20. per annum to his wife Anna Katherina Van Keutse, in case she should survive him ; and all the affi- davits exhibited against Van Cuilembergh, aspersing his moral character, were to be burned. There are two registers belonging to this church. The first is a long folio, commencing with baptisms, from 16th October 1570 to 29lh December 1 601. At the other end of the book are marriages from 13th May 1.571 to 6th December 1601. *" It is not past eighty years ago (i. e. 1520) since there were not in London above twelve or sixteen h)w country merchants, who imported only stone pots, brushes, toys for children, and other pedlars' wares ; but in less than forty years afterwards there were in London at least an hundred Netherland mer- chants who brought thither all the commodities which the merchants of Italy, Germany, Spain, France, and Eastland, used to bring into England." t The petition stated that he had come to England about 1091, with tes- timonials from the classis of Gercum in Holland, and it is signed by Corneli Corker, Adrian Old, Rutgert Hartraan, Barber Drue, Hendrinck Jalinck, Jn" Greenfield, M. D., Ab"" Van de Velde, and many others. The junior minister was W. Biscop, Jun' ; and the sureties for Ihc vestry were John do la riiambrc an'l Justus Ofgnr. 193 The other register is a thick long folio, containing baptisms, marriages, and burials, — the baptisms from 3rd January 1G02 to 1838, —marriages from 5th January 1G02 to 9tli August 1752, — and burials from 7th September 1671 to the present time. In the church of the Austin Friars lie the remains of Edward, son of Joan, mother of Richard II., 1375, — Richard, Earl of Arundel, 1397, — many of the Barons slain at Barnet Field, 1471,— The Earls of St. Paul, Hereford, Pembroke, Oxford, Nottingham, &c., &c. Of a later date are monuments and flat stones to jmany of the families of Delme, Van Heythusen, Grote, Van Notten, Sir Charles Pole, Sir John Silvester, M. D., Meyer, Beck, Kesteman, Gronen, Bateman, Othger, &c., &c. THE MINISTERS. No. Year. Names. Born. 1 1550 Johannes Alasco Poland. 2 1550 Martinus Micronius Belgian. 3 1550 Walterus Delaenus J, 4 1559 Adrianus Hamstedius Zealand. 5 1560 Petrus Delaenus Holland. 6 1562 Nicolaus Carinaeus ,, 7 1563 Godefridus Wingius Belgian. 8 1563 Bartholdus Grulhelme HoUand. 9 1570 Georgius Wybotius ,, 10 1573 Johannes Cubus 11 1573 Jacobus Regius Belgian. 12 1580 Johannes Sorlot ,, 13 1580 Johannes Van Roo ,, 14 1581 Assuerus Regemorterus* ,, N. B. Andreas Jacobus does not appear in this list, but he is said to have been a minister here — he was a Lutheran or a Ubiquitarian (as they then stiled those who were for the real presence) and caused great quarrels among- the strangers. * Buried at St. Helen's, Bishopgate, as "Ahasuerus Roger Mortell" 11 Sept. 1603. b2 194 No. Year. Names. Born. 15 1586 Lucas Van Peene Belgian 16 1592 Jacobus Wybotius . . ,, 17 1597 .lohannes Marquinus London. 18 1601 Johannes Regius . . „ 19 1601 Simeon Ruytinck* ,, 20 1604 Leonardus Moyart . . Belgian, 21 1608 Ambrosius Regemorterus East Friesland. 22 1624 Gulielmus ThUenus Zealand. 23 1628 Timotheus Van A^eteren England. 24 1632 Jeremias Larenus . . . . Zealand. 25 1639 Caesar Calandrinus* 26 1640 Philippus op den Beke East Friesland. 27 1644 Jonas Proostius England. 28 1668 Samuel Biscop Zealand. 29 1680 Gerard Van den Port . . ,, 30 1686 Johannes Van Royen ,, 31 1688 Adrianus Van Oostrum . . HoUand. 32 1692 Emilius Van Culenborgh* ,, 33 1702 WUlem Biscop Zealand. 34 1711 Theodurus Bolten . . Holland. 35 1714 Ludolph de With „ 36 1718 Paulus Colignon . . Germany. 37 1728 Herman Van Brachtf Holland. 38 1735 Frederik Daniel Bongard:]: Belgian. 39 1737 Marten Adriaan De Tongh Holland. 40 1740 Hendrik Van Haemstede ,, • Simeon Ruytinck. — He wrote a history of the Dutch Church in a large folio M S. which is now at the Dutch Church. It ended with the year 1620, from which period it is continued in another folio book by Csesar Calendrinus to 1625, and by ^Emilius Cuilembcrgh to 1627. ■f On the 10th November 1733, the Dutch Merchants, between sixty and seventy in number, headed by Sir Matthew Decker, Bart, went in procession to Somerset House, and being introduced to the Prince of Orange, Mr . Van Bracht made a very elegant congratulatory speech in the name of the congregation, on bis ha]i]iy arrival. — London Magazine. X Died May 1737. 195 No. Year. 41 1751 42 1765 43 1784 44 1801 45 1802 46 1815 47 1830 Names. Born. Holland East Friesland. Holland. Henricus Putman Melchior Justus Van Effen . . Conradus Schwiers, S S. Th. Dr. . . Lambertus Henricus Schippers Paal, S S. Th. Dr. Jan Weminck, S S. Th. Dr. Rutgerus Seyen ten Harmsen Hendrik Gehle, SS. Th. Dr. With reference to the trades carried on by the Dutch, it may be remarked that among the papers in the Dutch church, is an agreement dated in 1645, between Dierick Hoste, Wm. Crosse, John Niclaes, and John Berks of London, merchants, of the one part, and John Hulenberch, Philipp Hulenberch, Paull Van den Steene, and Chas. Gootnes of Mortlake, Sur- rey, tapestry makers, of the other part ; whereby the latter parties contract for a certain salary to make within ten months, "a suit of fyne tapestry called the hunter's chace." The former party agree within ten months to pay in money or materials to be employed about the said six pieces £540., every piece to contain five sticks and a half deep, and all of them two hundred and forty sticks square, every stick to be worth 45s. sterling. NORWICH.— THE DUTCH CONGREGATION. Some account has already been given at page 61, of the settlement of the French Refugees in this city, and some par- ticulars will now be added respecting the Dutch portion of the settlers. The city, which by Kit's Rebellion in the year 1 549, had been rendered almost desolate, learned by the settlement of the strangers there in 1567, the making of those fine and light 196 stuffs which have ever since gone by its name, and have ren- dered that city not only opulent, but famous all over Europe. By the letters patent, dated the 1st November 1564 already referred to. Queen Elizabeth granted authority to the mayor, citizens, and commonalty of the city of Norwich, and to their successors, and to certain persons therein named, and to such others, amounting in the whole to the number of thirty Dutch- men of the Low Countries of Flanders, aliens born, not deni- zens, being all householders or master workmen, as by the said mayor and commonalty under their common seal should be licensed to be inhabitants within the said city, to enjoy the benefits therein specified, and exercise "the faculties" of making certain articles therein mentioned, and such other out- landish commodities as had not been used to be made within the realm of England. These Flemings first planted many choice flowers, before unknown in England ; the latest they brought were gilly- flowers, carnations, the provence rose, &c. fAndersoyi's Com- merce. J There was also a manufacture of gally-pots, paving tiles, and vessels for Apothecaries, set up at Norwich in 1567 by Jasper Andries and Jacob Janson, Potters, who had come from Antwerp to avoid the persecution. In 1570 they removed to London and presented the Queen with a chest containing their handy-work; they brought with them the testimonial of the Dutch Pastor Balkius, and the elders, deacons, and con- gregation, and petitioned Elizabeth that they might follow their trade in London without interruption. "They set forth in their petition that they were the first which brought in and exercised the said sciences in this realm, and were at great charges before they could find the materials in this realm. That the same science was so acceptable to King Henry VIIL that he oflfered to Jasper's father good wages, and house-room to exercise the same in London." — Lansd. MSS. vol. xii. 58, 59. In 1575 the Dutch elders presented in court a specimen of 197 a novel work called " Bombazines," for the manufacturins of which elegant stuff" this city has ever since been famed. In 1570 the art of printing was also introduced into Nor- wich by Anthony Solen,* one of the strangers, which was so well approved of by the city that they presented him with his freedom. — ( Bloomfidd. ) The twenty-four masters appointed for the Dutch in pur- suance of their patent, were the following : — John Powells George Van Exshara John Garrett Peter Janson John de Rhoode John Mychelles Christian Vrinde Gilberde Vijolheers John Brijninge Geo. Vramboute Romaine Debeche Francis Trianf Francis Myseclome John Looten Adrian Van Dorte Peter Frenim, alias Van- brughe Pascall Clarebote Tho. Bateman Jerusalem Pottlebergh Michel Desonytte Francis Dedecre John Goose Lewis Spillebote Wm. Steene The city assigned to the Dutch congregation the use of the quire of the Friers Preachers' Church. They soon afterwards prayed the Court to confirm certain articles made by the minister of this Dutch church to keep their company in good order, with the deliberation and conclusion of the consistory, with the deacons and men of communication, February 24th, * Libr. Introit. Alien. Anthony Solen, prynter, Jur. Civ. 1570. -j- Peter Tryon left the Netherlands on account of the persecution under the Duke of Alva ; he is said to have brought property to the amount of £60,000. His daughter Mary married Sir Sebastian Harvey, Lord Mayor of London. Sir Samuel Tryon was Knighted by King James in 1613. Thomas Bonnell, a gentleman of a good family near Ipres in Flanders, who to avoid the Duke of Alva's fury, transported himself and family into En gland, and settled at Norwich, -were he was so well received and so much esteemed as to be afterwards chosen Mayor of that city. (Life of Bonnell.) 198 1569, being twenty-four in number, and concerned the govern- ment of the church, as for choosing twelve elders and twelve deacons, administering the Lord's supper four times in the year, &c., wliich articles being put in execution, caused great debates and differences among them, so that Isebrandus Bal- kins tlie head minister and his party openly contended with Theophilus Rickwaert and Anthony Algoet, the two other ministers and their party so much, that they were admonished by the Bishop and Mayor to be at ])eace, but not conforming thereto the Bishop directed a commission to the Chancellor, the Mayor, Dean Gardiner, and Henry Birde, reader of the Thursday divinity lecture, &c. commanding them to call the parties before them, try the matter, and punish the oflenders with banishment, or any way they thought proper, ordering that Johannes Paulus, author of all these troubles, whom the Bishop commanded to quit the city on the 14th February last, should be forthwith sent away. A final decree was made in this matter by the Archbishop and the rest of the High Commissioners, on the 16th Septem- ber 1571, by which all spiritual jurisdiction over them was acknowledged to be in the Bishop of Norwich, and neither the mayor or citizens were to meddle in causes merely ecclesias- tical. It was also decreed that Isbrand Balkins, Theophilus Rickwaert, and Anthony Algoet should be displaced from their ministry and seniority, and be hereafter incapable to be replaced either in Norwich or London, under pain of imprison- ment without redemption;* and that Johannes Paulus of Sand- * Strype in his Annals (II. p. 113.) gives the following account of this con- test. — "These ministers falling^ in their sermons upon particular doctrines, controverted among themselves, preached so earnestly in answers and contir- mations one of another, that the congregation was all in confusion and the peace of the church broken. Whereupon the Bishop interposed and enjoyned them to forbear that manner of preaching one against another. But they would not oljcy, looking u])on it as an infringement of the privileges of their rhurrh for any but the members thereof, with the ministers, to make any orders tor them. So that at length the business was lirought u|) to the Commission 199 wiche should forthwith depart the city of Norwich, and that no man entertain him, under pain ol' imprisonment and £20. forfeiture. The congregation were ordered to choose two ministers, three seniors, and eight men, and when they had so done, to return their names to the Bishop of Norwich to be confirmed or rejected; ''the persons elected to continue in such sorte as was used in the dayes of King Edwarde by the prescription of Mr. Alasco, and was practised at the fyrste." Romaine de Beche, John Cuttman, Peter Obrye, Francis Tryan, Wil Stenne, Peter the Camere, and Charles Harman, were commanded not to trouble the peace of their church, un- der penalty of being turned out. After continued controversy, the Chancellor and Mayor sum- moned the parties at the Guildhall, and all wisely conferring upon the matter were brought to unity and peace on all sides, except the four masters, Anthony Pascheson, Anthony Paulus, Jacob de Vos, and John Gherarde who resisted every body, and would agree to nothing that either the Chancellor, Mayor, Aldermen, and their own countrymen did, and not only re- fused to join them, but withheld " The Book of the Dra- pereye^^ belonging to the hall, so that the whole manufacture was stopped, for which reason they were committed to prison, and laid there seven days, but upon giving up the book they were discharged. This book was written in Dutch, and con- tained excellent orders and rules about the making of bayes,* Ecclesiastical at Lambeth, and the three ministers were all silenced, and others put in their rooms ; and since they were excluded there was great peace and concord in that church. This was some of the news that the said Bishop wrote to Bullinger at Zurich concerning the affairs of religion here, wherein he relates that seventeen of the members of that church were expelled the city for drunk- enness." Isorandus Balkins was afterwards appointed by the Archbishop as minister of the Dutch at Stamford. * Stow's London, p. 299, gives a long account of the processes of searching and sealing the bays at Norwich, as they were communicated to the Lord Treasurer in 1578. 200 fustians of Naples, &c., and concerning the parchmentiers, or makers of lace and fringe, and tlicir four wardens, two of which were to be English, one Dutch, and one Walloon, yearly elected and sworn before the Mayor ; as also for the caungean- tries, tufted mockados, currelles, and all other work mingled with silk saitrie, or linen yarn, &c., by which the whole manu- facture was well managed. Upon the discharge of the four masters, the Council wrote to the city, and a return (noticed under the title of the JVal- looffs at Norwich,) was made of the numbers, manufactures, religion, &c., of these strangers. Upon the Queen's visit to this city in 1578, *'the minister of this Dutch congregation pronounced to Her Majesty an ora- tion, and accompanied it with the present of a cup worth £50. very curiously and artificially wrought." The oration is thus intituled — " Oratio ad Serenissimam Anglise Reginam habita 19 August! 1578, a ministro Ecclesise Belgo-germanicse Nordovici in loco pub- lico." " About the year 1613 there arose great disturbances in the city between the citizens and Dutch strangers, who began to attemjot to exercise the ancient trades of the city, contrary to tlieir agreement at their admission, and against the will of the Walloons, who hved peaceably and aimed at no such thing ; and they proceeded so far without the knowledge of this city or their countrymen as to pro- cure a Charter from the Kmg, dated February 6th A" Reg. X. by which all strangers communicants of the Dutch congregation were to come in and use the ti'ade of making any particvdar stuff, knit stockings, dyeing and aU foreign draperies, &c., by which they became a company independent of the city, or their coimtrymen ; but after much contest George Cook the Mayor procured it to be cancelled, by the Pri^'y Council, 13th November 1613, to the great satisfaction of tlic city and French congregation. And it was then determined that the strangers according to their first patent should not be as- sessed by the Court to the muiisters' wages in tlieir parishes for any thing but their houses and grounds, the payment for their values and 201 stocks being left to their own congregations ; they being to be governed by the Bishop as to spirituals, by the city as to temporals, and by the elders and deacons as to their own church."* By an order in Council, dated the 7th January 1630, it was ordered — " That all those who are now, or hereafter shall be of the Dutch congregation although born icithin the kingdom, shall continue to be of the said church and society, so long as His Majesty shall please, without any prejudice to their principles and birthright," — to be subject to the discipline, and to contribution for the maintenance of the minister and the poor. " In 1625 the plague was at Norwich, when Mr, Toby de Hem informed the Court that the Dutch congregation had chosen Peter Heybaud to look after their infected poor, he was therefore ordered to retire himself from company, and never to walk abroad but with a red wand a yard and half long, and his vidfe and family the same, and not to go abroad after candle -lighting but on absolute necessity." The choir of the church of the Black Friars in Norwich, "which came at a distant period into the hands of the city, was converted into a chapel for the corporation. When service ceased here, the Dutch congregation petitioned for it, for a place of worship, and it was granted to them, and they used it by leave until 1619, and then it was leased to them at 6s. 8d. per annum, and made convenient for their congregation, and called " The Dutch Church." In 1650 the Mayor, &c., had the forenoon service here, and attended at it instead of the cathedral,t and the Dutch were removed to St. Peter'sof Hungate, but in 1661 it was restored to the Dutch again. In 1687 the Roman Catholics petitioned to have it from the Dutch, for the exercise of their religion, * Bloomfield, 256. •f- In the Vestry Church of St. Paul is a large brass offering dish, which has been gilt, and seems to have been given by some one of the Flemings that settled here, for this is round it four times over, HER I LIFRID GRECH** WART. c2 202 but the Dutch ke})t possession, and then the city assigned them the west granary here for that use. The lease to the Dutch was made for 200 years, from the 15th June 1713, at £6. 8s., per annum. THE MINISTERS. Isebrandus Balkins . . • • 1 Theophilus Rickwaert . . ) 1569 Anthony Algoet . . . . • • J TheophUus Elizon .. .. ..1644 Cha^Liebart .. .. .. 1634 Peter des Reaux , . . . 1717 Bruckner Gebhart Gehle The register of this church was referred to in 1717, for the purpose of a grant of arms to John Mackerel of Norwich, and contained the baptisms of several of his ancestors from 1593. The extracts are certified by the minister "Peter des Reaux Eccl. Belg. Norvic." It is now in possession of one of the elders or deacons of the church, but in consequence of some disagreement among themselves, the Author has not been able to see it, or to procure those particulars respecting the congregation which he was desirous of recording in these })ages. There is now no resident minister, but Dr. Gehle goes from London to Norwich occasionally to do duty, and the congregation may therefore be presumed to be but small. THE DUTCH CHURCH AT MAIDSTONE. Those of the Refugees in 15G7 who were workers in thread, settled at Maidstone, and at the present time there is a build- ing on St. Faith's Green, called the Dutch chapel, now con- verted into a school. It seems to have been a free chapel, and the chancel only is now standing. No register of baptisms. 203 &c., is now to be found,* but the Dutch population are thus mentioned in the records of the corporation of Maidstone, in an assessment in 158.5 for the subsidy. f " Here after followeth the names of those strangers which were borne Keyonde sea, and now dweUing in Maydestone the XXXth of Maye, and in anno 1585, and paye by their poules." Peter de Jonghe, minister of the worde, and his wife . . ij. Jan Baudert .. .. .. .. .. j. Macynken Buskins, a mayden . . . . • • j- Jan de haent and his wife . . . . . . ij. Jacques de bock .. .. .. .. • • j- Jan Gallant and his wife . . . . . . . . ij. Jan de Claercke and his wife, with six of his servants . . viij. LawTence van trubben and his wife . . . . ij. &c., &c. The whole number in Maidstone at that period appears by this list to have been one hundred and eleven. In the year 1G34 there were here about fifty families of these foreigners. Hasted in his History of Kent, says : " There is a manufacture of linen thread carried on in this town, introduced here by the Walloons in the reign of Queen EHzabeth, at the time they fled from the persecution of the Duke D'Alva, and took refuge in England. The Walloon famihes are now quite worn out, though there are some names remaining which seem to have derived their origin from them, though the parties who bear them are igno- rant whence they had them.| The only remembrance of these Wal- loons now left, is the term which the common people give to the flax spun for the threadman, which they at this day call Dutch Work" * In the Maidstone parish register is the following baptism " 17 Eliz Eliza- beth Vanderbrughe, daughter of Leving Vanderbrughe was baptised at the Duche Churche the Xth daie of Julie." -f- This list was contributed by my friend Clement Taylor Smythe, Esq., late town clerk of Maidstone. X Callant, Ciooper, Icksom, Bigeman, Loder, Clark, Bruings, Pccnc, Jacobson. 204 But Newton, in his History of the Town, states that the thread man- ufacture was carried on here to a great height, and rendered very advantageous to the town, where it still continues, though it is not so considerable as when those industrious people and their descendants lived here and had the management of it — besides, the same manu- facture was some years ago set up in the West of England where labour and provisions are cheaper. In the West of England " Maid- stone thread" is preferred to most other. At a sjTiod held at London in 1634 the Dutch Church at this place was represented by their pastor, Jean Miller, and their elder, Abraham '\'^an Garle ; and at a synod held in 1644 by M. Calandrin, minister. Amongst the papers at the Dutch Church in Austin Friars are many from this church, between 1593 and 1636, signed — Pyeter Vander Haeghen, — Jacob van Comeluise, verbia dminister, — Jaques de Benere, OuderUnck, — Joannes de Muelenaer, " dienar des — godUckes woortes," Jan Calant, Jan Vanden Raede, Adrien vangore, Danyel de Clerck, Jacob Van Dale, Guiliame de Clerck, Ab"' Gallant,* Ab"" Van Goorlye, Jan Baudaert, Pieter Van Orliene, Byeney Paene, Adam Van Beckendale, Godefroit Van (Startham,) Jacques Oste, Pyeter de Rycke, Daniel Coene, Kerstiad Vander Walle, Jaspart Robbyns, Willen de Meyeref, 1572 Ysbrandus Bal- kins. One letter is sealed with a seal K, PETRA, HET, FOND. Another letter is of a very primitive character, directed — " Delliver this letter to Master Beckemane's dwelling at Med stone ;" and begins thus : — " Master Beckman, my faithful brother in the Lord, of the Duch Church at Medstonne, my harty commendationes is to you, and prayer to God for you and for your good wife, and for that good ould wommane your mother, and lykewise for that good womman ag- gainest the market place that selleth linen, with all her household." The writer then recommends as a minister to this church John Mil- • At Maidstone, 34 years of age, John Gallant, Esq., the last of that family who brought from Holland and settled in Maidstone, the advan- tageous trade of manufacturing thread. - (Daily Post, April 1742.; 205 ler, who, he says " dwelleth at Colchester, being of the Dutch Church, a man approved of the church, as Master King to me did testify, as lykewise a man wherewith all to live of him selfe." THE DUTCH CHURCH AT SANDWICH. Those of the Walloon strangers who came over in 1567, and who were workers in sayes, baize,* and flannels, fixed themselves at Sandwich, at the mouth of a haven, by which they might have an easy communication with the metropolis and other parts of the kingdom, and which afforded them likewise an easy export to the continent. They applied to the Queen (Eliza- beth) for her protection and licence to settle in this country : they chose Sandwich for their residence, and by that means prevented the impending impoverishment and decay of the town. The Queen in her third year (1561,) caused letters patent to be passed under her great seal, directed to the Mayor, &c. of this town, to give liberty to such of them as should be approved of by the Archbishop and Bishop of London, to inhabit within it for the purpose of exercising their manufactures, which had not been used before in England, or for fishing in the seas, not exceeding the number of twenty-five householders, accounting to every household not above twelve persons, and there to exercise their trade, and have as many servants as were necessary for carrying them on, so that they did not exceed the number above mentioned, without any pay, hindrance, or molestation whatsoever. The number of persons who accordingly repaired to Sandwich was 406. f About the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign in the year 1562, one James Bucer was minister of this congregation, and * Hops, reformation, bays, and beer. Came into England all in a year. fOld English Rhyme.) t Hasted's Kent, fo. vol. IV. p. 252. 206 Sirypc in his memorials (vol. II. p. 244^) suggests that he iiii^ilit have been a son of Martin Bucer. It appears by the account of the Colchester Dutch Church, that that congregation originated in an emigration of about fifty persons from the Dutch church at Sandwich. The Dutch at this place used the Church of St. Clement's lor public service, but there are no traces among the parish documents of any register kept by them. It appears that they received the rites of baptism, burial, &c., from the priests of their respective parishes, although they formed among them- selves a congregation distinct from the church."* In the vestry book of St. Clement's is an agreement dated the 25th March 1617, between the mayor, churchwardens, and overseers and inhabitants of Sandwich, and the elders of the Dutch congregation for the use of the churcli of St. Clement's. — fBoys^s SandiDich, 4to. 346.^ About the year 1G34 Gasparus Nieren or Nierenius was the minister of this Dutch congregation, and the number of the Dutch residents was about 500. — fBulteel.J In 1668 the congregation petitioned the treasury relative to the seizure of some spices, and their petition was referred to Mr. Dewy *Uo report what is to be done in the case." — fTrcosiiry Minutes. J Gerard dc Gols who was rector of St. Peter's Sandwich from 1713 to 1737, was also minister of the Dutch consre- gation. He wrote several religious tracts and sermons,t and died 22nd February 1737.— f Hasted, p. 285. J On the occasion of the Queen's visit to Sandwich in 1573 the Walloons are mentioned in the Town Records. — • Letter from the Rev. T. Broekman, Vicar of St. Clement, Sandwich. At the synod held at London 1G03, Giles De Mayre, Ancien, represented this church ; and at that in, 1634 Caspar Merenius, minister, and Pierre Maes, Ancien, were the representatives. t Consolations under the Fear of Death, ITU. —Sermons in 1714,-1720 —1721. 207 " The nexte daj'^e beinge Tuysdaye, and the First of September, the Towne havinge buylded a forte at Stoner, on thother syde of the Haven, the Capitaines aforesaid led over their men to assault the saide Forte, during w*^'' tyme certen Wallounds that could well swym had ppared two boats, and in thende of eche boate a horde, uppon w*^'' bords stode a man, and so met together w"' either of them a stafFe and a sheld of woodd ; and one of them did over throwe an other. At w*^*" the Quene had good sport." On her departure there were " uppon a scaiFold made uppon the wall of the scole bowse yarde, dyvers children English and Dutche to the number of C"" or vj. score, all spynning of fyne bay yame ; a thing well lyked both of her Ma"^ and of the Nobilletie and Ladies." — (Antiquarian Repertory,) At the Dutch Cliuvch in Austin Friars are several papers relating to this church. One in 1644 is an appointment under seal of " Brother Jan Van cle Broecke de Jonghe" to be dea- con ; it is signed by Caspar Van Nieren, minister, Jan de Vinck, elder, Jacob de (Laivera,) elder, and Jan de Back, deacon. The legend round the seal is '^ Sigillnm Ecclesiee Sandwico Germanico." The congregation in 1655 addressed a letter to the Dutch Church in London, touching the misconduct of their minister Johanes Ayton ; it is signed by the four elders, Nicolaes de Coussen, Pyeter Odens, John Calfe, and Fraure Floorisen, and by William Vandeglasse and Pieter de Tillers. After the manufacture of bays was introduced into this town, they exported to Antwerp, and when that was discon- tinued by the wars under the Duke D'Alva, they effected a mart at Rouen and Hamborough, where bays were not then known. The strangers of Sandwich were the most ancient, for from them proceeded those of Norwich and Colchester, " and the English which dwelt at Coxall, Braintree, Hastings, and other places that make bayes now in great abundance, did learn the same of the Strangers." — (Cotton MSS., Titus, b. V.J 208 THE DUTCH CHURCH AT COLCHESTER. Morant in his History of Colchester, (Vol. I. fo. p. 75.) observes — " When the Dutch, and with them the trade of bay and say making were first introduced into this town 'will appear by these two authen- tic letters : — 1570, 1° August. To the Right Honourable our singular good Lords, the Queen's Majestie's most honourable Vrwy Council — these be deliv^ered. " In most humble wise Right Honourable our singular good Lords, Whereas of late a number of Dutchmen have come to this town of Colchester, about eleaven households, to the number of fifty persons small and great, where they made their abode longer time than other strangers have been accustomed. Wee therefore called before us certain of the best of them, and required to know the cause of their coming and so long tarrying there ; who answered that they were part of the dispersed flock, of late driven out of Flanders, for that their consciences were offended with the Masse, and for fear of the tyranny of the Duke D'Alva, to save their lives and keep their con- sciences they came into this realm for protection ; and said they came from Sandwich, where for that divers others of their countrymen came lately over, they thought good to give them place and to see if they could place themselves conveniently in this tovra, and to that end they made request unto us. And further they said that there were more of their company at Sandwich, which together with these are to the number of two himdred souls, that minde also if they may be permitted to come hither to inhabit also ; which persons are of such sciences as are not usual with us, but weave sackcloth, make needles, parchment , u-eavours, and such like. So that they minde not (as they say) to use any kinde of exercise that shall be any hin- derance to any artificer or man of occupation here. And this they offer to bee obedient to all the laws of the land and civil constitu- tions of this towTi. But we dare not presume to give them such licens of ourselves, although the appearance shew that great profit might arise to the common estate of this towne, greatly decayed as in re-edifying of the same, and in many other special causes, which 209 to recite unto your honours should be over tedious, and therefore we have given them friendly entertainment untill that we might signifie the same their request unto your honours, in which we most humbly beseech your Lordships to advertise us what your honourable pleasure is, that we may do herein ; which known, we shall willingly accom- pUsh : And this we cannot but greatly commend the same strangers unto you, for sithence their first coming liither we finde them to be very honest, godly, civUl, and well ordered people, not given to any outrao-e or excess. Wherefore, if any should be allotted to be in this town, we vrould rather chuse these and such as they shall commend, than any other ; But that we refer to your honourable direction, as well for the persons as the number that you will assigne : And thus fearing to be over tedious, we most humbly take our leave of your honours. Your honours most bounden ever to command, Robert Northern, 1 BavliiFs Richard Northey. j From Colchester, in Essex, this First of August 1570. " What answer the Privy Council then returned I could not find, but some months after, that honourable board sent the following letter relating to them." To our loving Friends, the Bayliffs and Aldermen of the town of Colchester. "After our hearty commendations, understanding by your letters that the strangers of the Low Countries who have fled hither for refuge in this persecution for religion, begun in their countries, and have now dwelled amongst you in your town of Colchester a certain time do behave themselves so quietly amongst themselves, so con- formably to the laws of God, end obediently to the laws and statutes of the realm, and so gratefully unto you, that they have deserved such commendations as ye do acknowledge your towne to be benefited by their being there, we are right glad that \ce first commended therti unto you, and cannot but allow their conformity, your gentle hand- Ung of them, and the concord betwixt you ; the which we trust God will increase with his benefits towards you : and we pray you sd to continue towards them as ye have begun, that so long as the said D 2 210 strangers shall so well follow their honest trades and exercises to maintain themselves bj' their labour according to God's command- ments and the laws of this realme, and shew such quietness and obedience as they hitherto have done, ye do aid and help them in aU tilings which may be commodious for them, and suffer them to enjoy such traffique in buying, selling, planting, and other labouring, as hitherto you have done, and as shall not be contrary to the laws and statutes of this realme. And if any shall goe about to molest or vex them ^\Tongfully, we pray you to aid and assist them, and to see the wrong amended with so much speed as ye may. Thus we bid you well to fare. Your loving friends, R. Leicester." From Greenwich, the 24th March 1570. N. Bacon, C. S. T. Sussex. Being thus admitted and settled here, they carried on their business with pleasure, alacrity, success, and safety, under the protection of that great encourager of trade. Queen Elizabeth, and her wise ministers Sir Francis Walsingham, the Lord Burleigh, and the Earl of Salisbury, who found it necessary to cherish, support, and protect them many times against the natural jealousy of the rude and meaner inhabitants of these parts, which were often molesting them, or refused to submit to their rules and the constitutions established by them and al- lowed by the Queen and Privy Council for the better carrying on their business. King James I. extended also in a most particular manner his care and protection to these useful members of society, who brought in an universal industry, and by whose residence here, not only the inhabitants but also *' the whole state of the town in general received great benefit and advantage, by their being the occasion to maintain great numbers of people at work, and by conforming themselves to all orders of government, both for contributions to payments and all other necessary duties." 211 This brought so much emplo3Miient for the poor of this town in the wool business, that 21 Jan. 1590-1, it was ordered at an assembly — " That the Lady Judde, her hundred pounds should be laid out in wool for one whole year, and delivered to the poor of the towne for spinning, carding, combing, &c. That the said poor should of the same work spin but six knots of the bay yam and the bay warp, and seven knots of the bay woof of the j^arn. And after Michaelmas day 1591, none of the poor to go a begging within the said town or hber- ties, without the special licence of the bailiffs and four aldermen, and to be given to none but such as were not able to work." Yet such was the unthankfulness and corruption of some of our English weavers, that they not only carried complaints against them to the Privy Council, but also indicted and pre- sented them at two several quarter sessions of the peace here, for assembling themselves in a company and congregation in their hall without the King's subjects, and there making orders and setting fines upon his Majesty's subjects contrary to Statute 21, Hen. VIII. And also for using partiality and unjust dealing in their searches and orders concerning the new dra- peries.* So that the Privy Council were forced to interpose in their letter of December 31, 1G03, as did also by virtue of the same, Sir Thos. Lucas, Kt., Edwd., Waldegrave, Esq., and Henry Osborn one of the bailiffs of this town. In an order of February 18, 1G05, wherein they enjoined that the said in- dictments and presentments should be no further proceeded in, nor the said strangers from henceforth in any such sort molested. Moreover, for their greater ease and security, King James I. granted them his letters patent, October 17, 1612, wherein he says : — " That the Privie Councell being dulie informed by the justices, bayliffs, and other magistrates of the towne of Colchester, howe beneficiall the strangers of the Dutche Congregation and been, and were unto the said towne, as well in replenishing and bewtifieing of * Rot. Cur, 1° and 2" Jac ], ret 5 in dovso. 212 it, as for their trades, which they daj'lie used there, setting on work manie of his poor people and subjects, both within the said towne and other townes and places thereabouts : And alsoe of the orderlie and peaceable government of their congregation for matter of religion, withoutc noveltie, division, or scandall, — did upon his pleasure signi- fied in that behaulf by order of the 7th of August 1G12, establishe and confirmc unto them all privilege, liberties, immunities, and free- doms, contayncd as well in dyvcrs former orders, as used and toUerated unto them for many yeares, in the reigne of the late Queen Elizabeth and since. And now the better to strengthen and testifie the saide order, and to suppresse all disturbances and molestations offered, or that might bee offered unto the saide strangers of the Dutch Con- gi'egation in Colchester by anie factious or troublesome persons, and for the more free and quiet using of their trade and government, in aU. respects ; and to all intents and purposes, his Majesty did for him- self, his heirs, and successors, — ordeine, constitute, and estabUshe, that all strangers of the Dutch Congregation in the towne of Col- chester, then being, should and miglit from henceforth peaceablie and freelie use their trade of bay and say making and other foreine dra- peries, and alsoe enjoy all such privillidg, liberties, and immunities, and should be permitted to use their assemblies and congregations in as free, large, and ample manner as had been heretofore practised, tollerated, or allowed unto them in the time of Queen Elizabeth, or at any time since ; and that noe information should be accejited against them, or anie of them, in iinie courts or places of justice, for or concerning the exercise or execution of any the premisses ; and that jdl informations, indictments, and presentments prefen^ed againste them, or anie of them heretofore, for the causes aforesaid should be presenthe discharged, and the names of such informers and other persons as should presume hereafter to moleste them in anie thing ponfirmed unto them by theis presents should be presented unto the Privie Councell, whereof the bayliffs and aldermen of Colchester were to take notice, and see the same preciselie and carefullie performed, for so much as concerned them and everic of them in their several places and authoritie. Further, His Majesty for himself, his heires, and successors, did give, graunte, and confirme unto the said strangers of the Dutch congregation then being, and to all and everie stranger ^nd strangers which ut anie time hereafter should be, inhabitt, and 213 reside within the precincts of the said town of Colchester, and bee admitted of the Dutch congregation there ; that they and everie of them should and might have hold and enjoy free lycence, libertie, and authoritie to continue and inhabitt, and to use and exercise, as well their trade of bay* and say making and other foraine draperies, with their accustomed meetings and orders for the avoyding of all fraudu- lent dealeings therein requisite for the upholding of the goodness, estimacion, and credit of the stuffs made bj^ them, as alsoe theire orders in theire church and assemblies, there tending to the good government of the said congregation in as free, large, and ample manner in all respects, and to all intents, constructions, and purposes as heretofore they had used and had been tolerated and allowed unto them," — but no further. " After that, though there were often small differences between them and the natives,i- j^et, they carried on their trade with sufficient quietness and great success and advantage both to themselves and the town, and many got considerable fortunes." " In 1609 the town was so populous and full of inhabitants, that there v/as not one house to be had at any rate (MS. penes me.) ]3y an account tahen in 1616 of the Dutch people resident in our sixteen parishes, the number of those bom abroad was found to be 248, and of their children and Dutch servants born here 1023, of whom 583 lived in St, Peter's parish. N. B. They used to maintain their own poor, and j^aid to tlie Xths and X'\'^ths in Queen Elizabeth's reign, only £3, I should have observed above, that before the year 1590, there were some Dutch bay makers settled in Halstead, but taking a * Bays, ii sort of open woollen stuff, having a long nap, sometimes frized and somelinics not. This stuff is without wale and is wrought in a loom without treddles, like flannel. It is chiefly manufactured at Colchester and Bocking in Essex, where there is a hall, called the Dutch Bay Hall, or Raw Hall. The exportation of bays was much more considerable than at present, when the French have learned to imitate them. However the English bays are still sent to Spain and Portugal, and even to Italy. Their chief use is for dressing the Monks and Nuns, and for linings, especially in the army. The looking-glass makers also use them behind their glasses, to preserve the tin or quicksilver, and the case makers to line their cases. — Encyc. Brit., 1797. t In the Lansdown MSS., 157, is a Breviat addressed to the Privy Council stating the complaints of the congregation against the corporation. 214 dislike to that place, they came to Colchester, notwithstanding all endeavours of the Privy Couucell to the contrary," (iMSS. penes me.) — Morant. From the year 1G17 till about the year 1716, they used to pay the chamberlain of" this town £30., £50., and even as high as £90. per annum, for the bay and say hall, with the seal, and £60. as a foreign fine. A letter ot' 15S1 in the Dutch church in Austin Friars is sealed with a seal, having a legend (now unintelligible,) and an anchor supported by two arms. It appears by Morant, that the Dutch made many wise regulations for keeping up the goodness and reputation of their manufactures; they were searched and surveyed at the Dutch Bay Hall, and had different leaden seals affixed, some having this inscrii)tion, " Dyts- Colcester Crone hay, 1571." "But these seals were as early as the year 15S8, counterfeited by the bay makers at Halstead,* and afterwards in London,t and even falsified in this very town, i. e. taken from the cross-bays and affixed to some of the meaner sorts; which, together with the negligence of the officers, to the scandal of the whole na- tion, and great prejudice of this town," procured sharp re- proofs from the Privy Council in 1635. + The Act in 1660, (12 Car. II. cap. 22,) for the regulating of the trade of bay making in tlie Dutch Bay Hall in Colches- ter, prevented in a great measure all fraudulent dealings there- in, and it maintained its credit several years afterwards." The trade was first most sensibly hurt by the wars with Spain, especially by Queen Anne's wars. By wliich means and other disagreeable concurrent causes, the Dutch congregation not being able to carry it on, dissolved themselves in 1728. The congregation had a chapel, and house for the minister, in Head Street, the wooden frame work of the front and other • Letter of Sir F. Walsingham, &c. f Rtishwortli, vol. iii. Apj). p. 102. X Original letter of Council. 215 j^arts of which were sent from Holland, cut and made ready to put together. It was a handsome building of considerable extent. The front of what appears to have been the chapel, forms one side of a quadrangular court, occupied by the min- ister's house and various offices and out-buildings. On the window frame in front toward the street, the date 1G77 appears, and a cypher including the letters S R B with the same date is impressed on the brick- work of other parts of the building. In the interior there is a staircase of oak, ornamented with carvings in a superior style of workmanship. This building has lately been handsomely fitted up as a bazaar. — Wright's Essex I, page 235. It was burnt down in 1835, and it is be- lieved no drawing of it was ever taken. While the congregation subsisted at Colchester they had the following ministers : — Joannis Meggrodine, Jonas Proost, The. Cole, Joanniss Ruiting, Joan Hue, Samuel Bischop, Joan Smit, Joan Vosburg, Adrian Hoyer, Sam' Tresel, Jacobus Harding, Peter Cornelius Schrevelius, Martinus Vanderwint.* For some time they had the iise of St. Giles's, and then of All Saints' Church, and at last had a chapel of their own in St. Mary's Lane, in part of the late Mr. George Gray's house, in 1768 Mr. Theoph. Hall's. f No tidings can be learnt of the registers of baptisms and marriages of the Dutch Church here. Many of the Dutch were buried at St. Mary's, and the register of that parish fre- quently notices the burials of persons, with the addition of "a Dutchman," &c. Sir Isaac Rebow, (knighted by King William, whom he entertained at his house) one of the representatives for Col- chester, was a descendant of one of the original settlers here. * The Swallow Street French Chapel Register contains the marriage in 1691, of the Rev. Jacob Molles, minister of the French Church at Colchester and Margaret Bureau. t Morant, p. 79. 216 So also was Francis la Motte, a native of Ypres, who had a principal part in setting up and promoting the manufacture of bays and sayes. His son John became an eminent and wealthy merchant in London, wliere he was chosen alderman. — Gran- ger, vol. 2, p. 276. Amongst the burials at Colchester, are — John Raoul, I\I. )). 1737— Paul Angler, 1734— Christopher Bayles, Alderman, 1666 — James Fromantel, Esq. 1694 — James Lemjoige, Gent., 1761 — Sus* Robjent — Cornelius Bogard — Henry Fitzer. Charles Collignon, M. D. Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge, was of a French family and married a lady of Colchester of J3utch parentage. YARMOUTH. Upon the petition of the " Hugonots" settled at Yarmouth in 1568, being most of them fishermen. Queen Elizabeth granted a licence, reciting — " That divers strangers of Holland, Zealand, and other parts of the Low Countries of the dominions of the King of Spain, being of late years upon lamentable occasion come into this our realm of England, and continued since their coming over at Great Yarmouth, in our County of Norfolk, where divers of them being fishermen, have used the feat or trade of fishing of herrings, codd, mackrell, and other fish, according to the season of the year, after the manner of their country, — have made sute upon us to grant them our licence and assurance." Her Majesty then licenced the bailiffs, justices, &c., and also Wni. Janson Cowman, Adrian Knape, Daniel Devoyle, John Vande Perden, Nicholas Tecose, and others, amounting to thirty persons with their servants and families, (ten persons to each family) to inhabit the town and carry on their trade of fishing.— Dated 8th June, XHth Eliz.* • A ropy 1)1" (lif licence will he founil in SMinilon's Yarmouth, p. 942. 217 In the space of three or four years their members were so greatly increased that the town thought it necessary to pubhsh certain orders, which were made on the 6th of February 1574, the substance of which was as follows — 1. No more to dwell in the town but such as were admitted into the congregation. 2. The number of the congregation not to exceed the Queen's grant, and in case of death or departure the vacancies to be filled up by the bailiffs and justices. 3. That certain persons should be bound, that none of the con- gregation should be chargeable to the town, and in case of departure should take with them all the men, women, and children of the con- gregation. 4. To have only ten pinks for fishing, and to have three English- men to each pink. 5. Not to buy any corn in the market. 6. To provide themselves with twine and depinges in foreign places. 7. Not to buy victuals, except for their owna. consumption. 8. All persons not of the congregation to be avoided out of the town before the 1st of March next. " The Dutch at Yarmouth had a chapel for their use, which had originally been the mansion of Thomas de Drayton, a bailitF and a representative of the town, temp. Edw. III. Whether they converted it into a chapel or not, does not appear; it was afterwards used as a theatre, and in 1628 a Mr. Brinsley, after his dismissioir from St. Nicholas' Church, preached at this place ; but by an order of the King in Council in 1632, it was stated that it did not appear by any proofs that the place wherein ]5rinsley preached, however it was termed a chapel, and was theretofore used by the Dutch for their assembling and divine service — had been at any time consecrated, but that within less than forty years it was a warehouse, and it was ordered that it should therefore be used no longer for the cele- brating of divine service.*" * Swindon's Yarmouth, p. 849. e2 218 At the synod held at London in 1634, the Dutch Church at Yarmouth was excused from attendance ; but at the synod in IG-M, John Ruyting their minister, and Ab'" Regemorter their ckler, were the representatives. No register of baptisms, &c. of this congregation have been found, but the following names, taken from a register of bap- tisms belonging to the Independent Congregation at Yarmouth, appear to be those of some of the descendants of the Dutch Congregation at this place : — Futeril, Jorden, Mighelles, Custins, Mahul, Marthry, Pue, Lombe, Hannot, Prime, Ramer, Julieu, Bortice, Garvais, Richefies, Caifoue Whyt. September 18th, 1745. John, the son of Mr. John and Mary \'cm Griekin, Dutchman. STAMFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. " At the latter end of the year 1572, several families of Protestant exiles, and natives for the most part of the Low Countries, were about transplanting themselves out of London at Stamford in Lin- colnshire, there to live and follow their calUngs. And this by the motion of Lord Burleigh, to whom the tovra chiefly belonged, well knowing what good profit and benefit might redound unto the place and country, by the trades and business these men should bring along witli them, by talcing off the wools at a good price, and encouraging the sowing of flax and hemp, improving land, and such like. For they were for the most part weavers of such sorts of cloths as were not yet wove and made (or very rarely) in England, as bays and says, and stammets, fustians, carpets, linsey woolseys, fringes, tapes- try, silks and velvets, figured and imfigured linen. There were also among them dyers, rope makers, hatters, maimers of coffers, knives, locks, workers in steel and copper, and the like, after the fashion of Nurenburg in Germany. " For the brmging this motion to perfection, Isbrand BaUdus their minister, and Casper Vosbergius, in the name of the rest, put up their 219 petition to the Lord Burleigh, whom they called their Mecsenas, to obtain certain liberties and jirivileges from the Queen, and to settle themselves and their families at Stamford, to have a church, carry- on their trades and so forth ; and that it might be lawful for them to choose out from among themselves seven men, more or less, as the strangers of Norwich and Sandwich had in their churches, who ha^dng taken their oaths at the magistrates' hands, were to decide and determine all controversies arising among them, or if they could not, to call two of the magistrates of the town to assist them." These privileges, contained in ten articles, with their suppli- cation to Lord Burleigh, are given in the Appendix to Strype's Life of Abp. Parker.* "This congregation and manufacture of Walloons continued a great while at Stamford, but now (1711) is in effect vanished." " In the hall where they used to meet for their business, the to^ATi feasts are now (1711) kept, but the place were they exercised their religion is not known ; yet their last minister, a long Uved man, was known to many ahve in 1711." THETFORD. Amongst the papers at the church in Austin Friars is a let- ter from Thetford, dated 17th March 1575, and signed — Van de Roode Laurens Van Stamds Thomas Bastiaen Schillewaerte And another letter in 1576, signed — Carolus Ryckewaert , Maximillaen van decane Jan de Boode | but no further particulars of the congregation at this place have been found. * Where is also to be found the appointment of Balkius to the ministry of this Dutch congregation, noticing his former connexion with that at Norwich. 220 DOVER. Amongst the papers at tlie church in Austin Friars is a let- ter of the 18th of May 1576, in the name of the Dutch Church at Dover. The family of Fector are of Dutch origin, as are likowiso, it is believed, the families of Shipdem and Rutter, but no otlicr traces of this congregation have been found. THE DUTCH CHURCH AT CANVEY ISLAND. CANVEY ISLAND. This Island* (which is situated in the Thames, near South Bemfleet in Essex,) being subject to be overflowed by high tides. Sir Henry Appleton and others, then owners of the lands here, agreed by deed dated 9th April 1622, to give one third of the lands in fee simple to Joas Croppenburgh, a Dutchman skilled in the making of dykes, in consideration of his suthci- ently inning and recovering this Island, then usually over- flowed at every spring tide, at his own costs and charges. • Camtlcn supposes the Island to be the Couvaniios mentioned in Ptolcmj s' Geography. 221 This agreement was by consent made a decree of the Court of Chancery 27th February 1622-3. The third of these lands is now applied to the repairs of the sea walls. A timber chapel was built here for the use of the Dutch inhabitants employed in draining the Isle. It being decayed another was built at the charge of Mr. Edgar^ an officer in the victualling office, and consecrated 11th June 1712. This being also decayed, a new one was built about the year 1745, partly by a contribution of the inhabitants, but mostly by a benefaction of the late Daniel Scratton, Esq., the owner of considerable estates in Prittlewell. He also gave part of the tithes to trustees to pay £10. a year to the vicar of Prittlewell, the better to enable him to perform divine service herej and £10. a year more to the minister or curate duly appointed to preach twenty sermons in St. Catherine's Chapel in this Island.* From papers at the Dutch Church, and from. the books of the " colloque" the following particulars have been gathered. The first notice of the congregation is on the 3rd of Sept. 1641, when they were represented at the synod held in London by their minister Mr. Cornelius Jacobsen, and their elder Peter Prism. At the synod in 1644 they were represented by their minister Mr. Abraham Busk, and in 1647 by their minister Mr. Daniel Katelar. In 1655 the following persons held the offices of elders, deacons, &c., in this church : — Anthonius Diericksen, Peter Priem, Gilles Van Belle, Steven de Kien ; and a paper dated 2nd of Sept. 1655, is signed by — F Boije Jan Malstof Anthenin de Smedt Anthenne Lanvijcke Daniel Rosel Jan Van Gent Bruygghe Matthieu Lucsie Franchois Manandijse Guilliame Manandijse Robert Walspeck Adriaen Vander Blest Andrew de Clerck Maximilen Rousselle Jan de Vos * Moraut's Essex, p. 266, vol. i. 222 .Jacob Policy Cornelius (Amplut) Jacob Amplut Cornelius Classen Vacop Clement Hcninghe Cornelys Masm Steenighe Marijnes Claeijsen Jan de Schildeze Pietcr Veijneer Volant Sanders, &c., &c. THE DUTCH CHAPEL ROYAL, ST. JAMES'S. This chapel was ibunded by William III. on his accession to the English throne, and was continued up to the year 1809,* when, in conseqvience of a fire at the palace, the service was altogether discontinued. The last Chaplain, the Rev. J. S. Pons, is still living, and receives from the board of green cloth the stipend as such chaplain. The registers are two in number, a small octavo with gilt edges, and a quarto. The octavo contains baptisms and mar- riages, and a list of the communicants ; it commences with — " Register der Gedoopte Kinderen en Getrounde Persoonen in de Kapelle van St. James gebragt een alphabetise ordre." The entries in this book extend from 165.J In 1568,* the minister of this church was Hieronymus Jer- litus, who appears to have arrived in London in the year 1565. In the Lansdown MSS. (vol. s. art. 32,) is a letter in Latin from him, in behalf of Theodore Fuerwyn a Dutch painter, who had fled hither on account of religion. It appears by the Livre de Coetus that this church was one of the three foreign churches which met together for the main- tenance of order and good discipline, and to which appeals were made from the consistories. f In 1581 Monsieur Baptiste was Uieir minister, but on the 3rd October 1598 the elders and deacons of this church infor- med the Coetus that after much research, and notwithstanding the assistance of many friends both at home and abroad they did not see any prospect of finding a pastor of their own lan- guage, and the Coetus therefore advised them to join them- selves to one or the otlier of the Dutch and French Churches, " selon que la langue Flamende ou Francoise luy sera famil- liere." In 1660 the French, Italian, and Dutch ministers addressed King Charles, and Kennett in his Chronicle mentions " the worthy Italian minister Mr. Bresinal." In 1648 Evelyn says " I heard an Italian sermon in Mercus Chapel, one Dr. Mid- dleton, an acquaintance of mine preached." * The Italians in this year appointed a Fleming named Godfrey Mareschal, to be their postmaster. His appointment subscribed by many of the Italian merchants is in the Lansdown MSS. x. art. 25. t In 1575 the Coetus gave sentence on the appeal of Francisco Pouchi, a member of the Italian Church. In 1581 Marc Anthoine Piegases and Caspar Gatti, members of this church appeal. Julio, surnamed Borgarucius, was an Italian physician, an exile for religion in 1569, was known to Sir William Cecil and Lord Cobham, and was physician to the Earl of Leicester. He was defendant in a cause at Doctors Commons which was several years pending, and had judgment against him, 230 THE GREEK CHURCH. Hog Lane, note Croivn Street. The taking of Constantinople by Mahommed II. in 1453, and the death of the Emperor Constantine Palasologus com- pleted the overthrow of the Greek Christian Empire. Al- though Mahommed issued a proclamation promising toleration and indulgence, which induced great numbers of the Greeks to return to Constantinople, yet there were many who fled for protection to Italy, where they were received by the family of the Medici. The establishment of the Ottoman Empire at Constantinople, proved, like the wars in Flanders and the persecutions in France, of advantage to other parts of Europe. The Greek emigrants carried with them many Latin and Greek manu- scripts, which were thus rescued from oblivion, and they have since been circulated by the means of printing, to all parts of the globe. Some of the Greek families appear to have settled in Eng- land, but at what particular period or in what numbers, it is difficult to determine, for very little can now be discovered on the subject. The following facts however may be noticed : — On the 2Gth of October 1462 the King (Edw. IV.) gave the sum of 20s. in ahns to " Georgio Teofolar de Constantynoble," (issue roll m. 2.) In 1489 George Brann, a Grecian, bom at Athens, became Bishop of Dromore. — (Ward's Bishops oj Ireland.) On a brass tablet against the wall in Landulph Church, Cornwall, is an inscription (under the imperial arms, proper, of the empire of Greece) to the memory of Theodore Palajologus, of Pesaro, in Italy (a lineal descendant of Thomas, second brother of Constantine, the last Emperor) who married Mary, daughter of William Balls, of Hadlye, Suffolk, and died 20th January 1636. Theodore, a son of the above was a sailor, and died at sea in 1693, and as his sister was married in Cornwall, "the imperial blood perhaps still flows in the barge- men of Cixrg\'Qcn"—fArchceologia, vol IS, p. 93.^ 231 In 1627 a Greek, Nicodemio Mattaxa, took to Constanti- nople the art of jjrinting which he had learned in England.* Evelyn in his Memoirs mentions a fellow Collegian in 1 638, Nathaniel Canopias, and that he was the first he had ever seen drink coffee, "which custom came not into England until thirty years afterwards." In the reign of Charles II. a " Henry Palseologus," described as the son of a Gentleman, was a scholar at Merchant Taylor's School, as was also a Philip Constantine. It does not seem however that the Greek Refugees were ever in sufficient numbersf to congregate for public worship, although there is in the parish of St. Ann, Soho, a chapel formerly known as 'Hhe Greek Church," but having been used soon after 1685 by a congregation of French Protestants, was after that period called " L'Eglise des Grecs."+ It is now called Crown Street Chapel, and adjoins Greek Street, which was no doubt named after this chapel. There is the following Greek inscription!! over the west door of the building — Et£i cronrjpuji a^o^. aveyepOr] 6 vaos sros vrrep yeras EAXt^vwv. jSaatXcv- ovTos ya\r]vorars KapoAs t8 B^ x^ rjy€[jLov€vovro^ e.vy€.v(MV. (TvvSpofxrj'i 8e rf]^ rjixwv raTretvoTrjTos Sa^s Iwdrj wpapvars CKUvq'i » Smith's (Thos.) Greek Church. \ In the Bishop of London's return of foreigners in London in 1567, the number of " Gretians" is stated to be only two, viz. " John Simens, a Grecyan and his Svante." J Les Grecs, p. 113. II The Author is indebted to his Friend Mr. Black, one of the Assistant Re- cord Keepers at the Rolls, for his kindness in decyphering this inscription, and for the following translation. In the year of Salvation mdclxxvii, arose this temple, for the nation of Greeks ; the most serene Charles the second being King, and the impurpled Prince Lord James being Duke ; the most Reverend Lord Henry Compton be- ing Bishop ; at the expense of the above, and of the other Bishops and Nobles; and of the flight of our humility from Samos, Jo of that Island of Melos. 232 It is very singular that this inscription should give the date of 1G77, and that a church should be erected at this time for the use of the Greeks, who must be presumed to have been tlicn reduced to very small numbers, for a very few years after- wards the building was used by the French Protestants. Upon referring to the records of St. Martin's parish, it ap- pears that the parishioners had certain lands, garden, and laystall on the west side of the Haymarket, for which the I-'arl of St. Albans exchanged 1| acre of land of which he had a lease, being part of a field called Kempe's Field. In 1G7G, this 1| acre was required for building the church of St. Ann, Soho, and the parish exchanged that also for an acre of ground called Bunches Close, and by letters patent of 31st May 1685, the King granted " all that piece or parcel of ground lying and being in or near Kemp's Fields or Bunches Close afore- said, ichereon the said fabric of a church, late called the Greek Church, now used by the French Protestants, and almes houses are erected; and also the same fabric of a church and almes houses" (containing by admeasurement 97 feet by 147,) to hold the same in trust for the poor of St. Martin's in the Fields for ever.* A small piece of ground was taken out of the land for a burial groundf for the alms people and others, which was con- secrated by Bishop Compton, 21st March 1685. The obscurity in which the history of this Greek Church is enveloped, has been considered a sufficient reason for collect- ing in these })ages the scattered information bearing on the subject. It may be of use also to add for the guidance of those who may feel inclined to search for further elucidation, that no reference to the subject has been met with in the Bishop of London's Registry. • It was iill sold by flic parish to Mr. Const in 1818, by virtue of an act of the.'iS Geo. III. t It is said in the neighbourhood that this is now covered in as a school room, adjoining the north side of the buiUling. 233 CHAPTER X. THE SWISS CHAPEL, THE GERMAN LUTHERAN CHAPEL ROYAL, THE GERMAN LUTHERAN CHAPELS IN TRINITY LANE, THE SAVOY, LITTLE AILIE STREET, AND HOOPER SQUARE ', THE DANISH AND NORWEGIAN CHAPEL, AND THE SWEDISH CHAPEL. THE SWISS CHAPEL, Or UEglise Helvetiqtie , Moor Street, Seven Dials. This congregation was formed about the year 1762; it is believed that they met originally at Castle Street Chapel, but in 1775, the present chapel in Moor Street was erected, and chiefly by the zeal of Mr. Francois Justin Vulliamy,* a gen- tleman who settled in this country from Berne, The chapel, which is very neat and commodious, is almost hidden from the view from the Street; it was opened on the 17th December 1775, and a list of the contributors appears on the wall of the organ gallery. The cost was £1425. Os. 7d. It was repaired in 1805, "under the direction of Mr. John James Vallotton." There must, however, have been considerable numbers of Swiss in England prior to 1762, for in the vestry are preserved some colours, with this inscription : — " These colours were presented by King George the Second in 1745 to the Swiss residents in this country, as a mark of the sense which His Majesty was graciously pleased to entertain of the offer made by them of a battalion of 500 men, towards the defence of the kingdom on the occasion of the rebellion." * On the right of the pvilpit is a small tablet with the following inscription : "Consacre par TEglise Helvetique a la memoiie de son Fondateur, Francois Justin Vulliamy, ami z> 1840 * At the other end of the book is a " Registre dcs Catechumenes instruits par les Pasteurs de I'Eglise Helvetique a Londres." -f On the tablet on the left of tlie pulpit is the following inscription : "C'onsacrC' par I'Eglise Hclvitiquc a la niomoire de son Pasteur Alexander Stcrky, nC' a Morges, Canton dc Vaud, le 25 Mai 1767, dtcede a Londre, le 2 Aout 1S38. Respects ct chfri dc son Troupeau, dont il fut pendant 4G ans le conducteur devou6 et fidele." " Mr. Stcrky was professor of the French language and Belles Lettres to the late Princess Charlotte, from whom he received many distinguished marks of favor and regard, and this lamonted Princess shewed the esteem she felt for her preceptor and his pastoral oflice, by twice attending divine service Milhin this ChapcKs hunibli' walls." 235 The present officers of the church are Julius Bordier, president of the consistory ; John Louis Paschier, treasurer ; and J. L. Favre, secretarj'. THE GERMAN LUTHERAN ROYAL CHAPEL. The German Lutheran Royal Chapel, St. James's, was founded by Queen Anne and her Consort, Prince George of Denmark, about the year 1700, when two chaplains, a reader, and the necessary officers were appointed to it. For the perpetual establishment of this chapel, certain Crown lands with mines in Cornwall were settled on it, from the pro- duce of which, the salaries of the chaplains, &c., the pensions granted to their widows, the expences of keeping the chapel in repair, and also a yearly donation for the relief of the German Protestant poor attending the chapel, were to be paid. Under the administration of Sir Robert Walpole, the pro- perty settled on the chapel was sold, together with other Crown lands, to make up a loan of one million granted by King George II. On the office of the revenue of the Crown lands being abolished by the Act called Mr. Burke's Bill, the salaries and other allowances to the chaplains, &c., hitherto paid without any deduction, were transferred to the civil list, in consequence of which transfer they were gradually reduced to two thirds of their original amount, viz. : the salary of the first chaplain from £300. to £203., that of the second chaplain from £270. to £183. 12s., and the reader's salary from £70. to £49. 12s. The perquisites formerly enjoyed by the chaplains, and the an- nual grant for the poor have been taken away entirely. The German chapel was originally situated in the interior of the palace of St. James's. In 1781 it was exchanged for the present chapel, which up to that time, and since it had ceased to be a Catholic chapel, had been the Dutch and 236 French Protestant chapel. Soon after tliis exchange, tlie late Qnoeii Charlotte presented to the German chapel an organ and the large picture over the altar, painted by Ramberg, repre- senting Christ in Gethsemane. In 1831, his late Majesty King William IV. presented the chapel with a larger and better organ, and also with a picture by liendixcn, representing the Widow's mite, which is placed in the ambassador's gallery. The chapel itself was built by Inigo Jones, and is considered a very fine specimen of architecture. The service in the German chapel begins with the reading of the greatest part of the morning prayers and lessons, trans- lated from the Common Prayer Book. The chaplains are, on vacancy, ap])ointed by the Sovereign, and sworn into their office by the Bishop of London, as Dean of the Chapel Royal. The salaries of the chaplains having become so much re- duced that they could not subsist on them when married, the two chaplaincies w'ere miited into one in 1819, on the death of the Rev. C. H. Giese, when the Prince Regent appointed Dr. Kuper sole chaplain.* LIST OF THE CHAPLAINS OF THE GERMAN ROYAL CHAPEL SINCE ITS FIRST ESTABLISHMENT. Rev. Mecke, D.D., who came over with Prince George of Den- mark ; died 1711. llev. Anton Willielm Buhme, from 1705 — 1722, when he died.f Rev. Georg. Andreas Ruperti, from 1711 — 1731, when he died. Rev. Friederick Michael Ziegenhagen, D.D.,t from 1722 — 1776, when he died. Rev, Henry Alard Butjenter, fi-om 1732 — 1771, when he died. ♦ The author is indebted to the kindness of the Rev. Dr. Kupcr for these |iarticulars. t Dr. liohmc was greatly instrumental in ])romoting Christianity in foreign parts. He was also the author of Enchiridion Precuin 1707 ; a volume of Dis- courses and Tracts in English ; several Sermons, &c. X Dr Zicticnhagen. 237 Rev. Samuel Theodor Albinus, as Assistant Chaplain, from 1749 — 1765, when he returned to Germany. Rev. August Wilhelm Lueder, from 1765 — 1770, when he returned to Hanover. Rev. Joh. Christian Velthusen, D.D., from 1770 — 1774, when he was promoted in Hanover. Rev. Christian Ludw. Gerling, D.D., from 1774 — 1777, when he was appointed Professor at the University of Rostock. Rev. Henry Otto Schrader, from 1776 — 1802, when he died. Rev. Joh. Geo. Fred. Mithoff, from 1777 — 1788, when he was i^ro- moted in Hanover. Rev. Geo. J. H. Rohrs, from 1788 — 1797, when he was promoted in Hanover. Rev. Christian Hermann Giese, from 1797 — 1819, when he died. Rev. William Kuper, D.D., from 1802. The Registers are comprised in two quarto books, intituled " Kir- chenhuch der Konighchen deutschen Hof CapeUe in St. James's." — The first contains Baptisms and Marriages intermingled, from 1712 to 1759 : the second contains 196 Baptisms from 1760 to 1836. THE HAMBROUGH LUTHERAN OR HIGH GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH. This church is situated in Great Trinity Lane near Doctors' Commons. The register (a folio book handsomely bound) contains baptisms^ marriages, and burials, and commences about 1G73. EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTER. 1673 Elizabeth Martens, B. Dni. Pastoris Gerhardi Martens Filiam. 1676 Johan Jacob, Conversus Judaeus. 1693 Theodore John, a converted Jewish Rabbi. 1695 Susanna Hippens, upon London Bridge, Physician. 1694 Gustav Otte Steenbock, Count Steenbock's son. 1729 Henry son of Nicolas Behrens and Barbara his wife, (God- father, Johann Rudolph Ocho, the King's Engraver in the Tower.) 238 1702 Sir iMartcn IJcckman, chief Ingcnicur of England, and Comp- troller of the Fireworks from the Tower. 1692 Dominus Ivcrt Briack, Pastor Eccl. Danica, in Wapping and Ambrosia Michelsea.* Some of the ministers appear to have been — Gerharde Martens . . 1 C73 Mentzer .. 1718 Henry Walker Gerdes 1724 PhUipDavidKrauter,D.D. 1742 Dohme John Christ"" Benthin Charles Busse . . 1838 Adolphus Walbaum . . 1838 ST. MARY'S GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE SAVOY. In the year 1692, the members of the Hambrough Lutheran Church in the city disagreed among themselves, as to the election of a pastor, whereupon those of them who resided west of Temple Bar^, formed themselves into a separate body^ and met at first in some rooms. Under the auspices of Wil- liam III. they afterwards used an old Jesuit chapel, which was opened lor them on the 19th Smiday after Trinity, when Mag' Irenaus Crusius (their first minister) preached. After the arrival of King George I. from Hanover, it was attended by many distinguished Germans. t The present chapel in the Savoy (See page 111,) was built under the superintendence of Sir Wm. Chambers, and is much admired for its interior. It was opened in 17G8. George III. added many munificent gifts and important privileges to it, and it still continues to enjoy royal patronage. * The Ilcv. Iver Brink, of Wellclose Square Chapel. 1 III 1721 there was becjueathed to the congregation, a spacious burial i;r(»iiiul, which was consecrated by the Archbishop of Caiiterbiuy. INIany noble per.soiiaiics arc iiiterreil here — the Baron von AI\eiitizeil or married, with the maiden name of the mother, affords a most excellent means of tracing pedigrees, and makes these registers invaluable. 265 APPENDIX. The letters patent of King Edward VI., tested at Leigh, 24 July 1550, fRot. Pat. 4to. Reg. part 5, J copied in Burnett's Hist, of the Reformation, vol. II., 202 — Records. Edwardus sextus Dei gratia Angliae, Franciae, Hibemiae, Rex, Fidei Defensor, et in Terrse Ecclesise Anglicanse et Hibernicse, supremum sub Christo Caput, omnibus ad quos presentes literse pre- venerint salutem. Cum magnae qusedam et graves considerationes nos ad presens specialiter impulerunt, tum etiam cogitantes illud, quanto studio et charitate Christianos Principes in Sacrosanctum Dei Evangelium et Religionem Apostolicam ab ipso Christo inchoa- tam institutam et traditam, animates et propensos esse conveniat, sine qua baud dubie politia et civile regnum nee consistere diu, neq ; nomen suum tueri potest, nisi principes, caeteriq ; prsepotentes viri, quos deus ad Regnorum gubernacula sedere voluit id in primis operam dent, ut per totum reipub ; Corpus, casta sinceraq ; Religio difFundatur et Ecclesia in vere Christianis et Apostolicis opiniobus et ritibus instituta, atq ; adulta per sanctos ac carni et mundo mor- tuos ministros conservetur : pro eo quod Christian! Principis offi- cium statuimus, inter ahas suas gravissimas de Regno suo bene splendideq ; administrando cogitationes, etiam Religioni et Rehgio- nis causa calamitate fractis et afflictis exuhbus consulere. SCIATIS quod non solum praemissa contemplantes et Ecclesiam a Papatus Tyrannide per nos vindicatam in pristina libertate conservare cupi- entes : verum etiam exulum ac peregrinorum conditionem miserantes qui jam bonis temporibus in Regno nostro AngHae commorati sunt voluntario exilio, Religionis et Ecclesiae causa mulctati : quia hos- r,2 266. jiltcs et exteros homines propter Christ! Evangelium ex patria sua profligates et ejectos et in Regnum nostrum profugos, praesidiis ad vitam degendam necessariis in llegno nostro egere, non dignum esse neq ; Christiano homine, neq ; principis magnificentia duximus, cujus liberalitas nuUo modo in tali rerum statu restricta, clausave esse debet. Ac quoniam multi Germans; nationis homines, ac alii peregrini qui confluxerunt, et in dies smgulos confluunt in regnum nostrum An- gliae, ex Germania et aliis remotioribus partibus, in quibus Papatus dominatur, Evangclii libertas labefactari et premi ccepta est, non habent certam sedem et locum in regno nostro ubi conventus suos celebrarc valcant, ubi inter suae gentis et modern! idiomatis homines religionis negotia et res Ecclesiasticas pro Patriae ritu et more intel- ligenter obire et tractare possint : idcirco de gratia nostra speciah, ac ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris, nee non de avisamento Con- cilii nostri volumus, concedimus et ordinamus quod de ca?tero fit et erit unum Templum, sive sacra aedes in Civitate nostra Londinensi, quod vel quae vocabitur templum Domini Jesu, ubi Congregatio et conventus Germanorum et aliorum peregrinorum fieri et celebrari possit, ea intentione et proposito, ut a Ministris Ecclesiae Germano- rum aliorumq ; peregrmorum Sacrosancti Evangelii incorrupta inter- pretatio, Sacramentorum juxta Verbum Dei et Apostolicam observa- tionem administratio fiat. Ac Templum illud, sive Sacram aedem illam de uno Superintendente et quatuor verbi ministris erigimus, creamus, ordinamus et fundamus per pracsentes. Et quod idem Su- perintendens et ministri in re et nomine sint et erunt unum Corpus corporatura et poUticum, de se per nomen Superintendentis et Min- istrorum Ecclesiae Germanorum et aliorum peregiinorum ex funda- tione regis Edwardi Sexti in Civitate Londinensi per praesentes incor- poramus : ac corpus corporatum et poHticum per idem nomen realiter et ad plenum creamus, erigimus, ordinamus, facimus et constituimus per praesentes : et quod successionem habeant. Et ulterius de gratia nostra special!, ac ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris, necnon de a\'isamento Concili! nostri dedimus et con- cessimus, ac per praesentes damns et concedimus praefato Superinten- dent! et Ministris Ecclesiae Germanorum et aliorum peregrinorum in Civitate Londinensi, totum illud templum sive Ecclesiam nuperfra- trum Augustinensium in Civitate nostra Londinensi, ac totam terram, 267 fundum et solum Ecclesise prsedictae, exceptis toto choro dictse Eccle- siae, terris fundo et solo ejusdem habendum et gaudendum, dictum Templum sive Ecclesiam ac ceetera proemissa, exceptis pre-exceptis, prsefatis Superintendenti et Ministris et Successoribus suis, tenendum de nobis, hseredibus et Successoribus nostris in puram et liberam elyemosinam. Damus ulterius de avisamento praedicto, ac ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris praedictis per prsesentes concedimus, prsefatis Superintendenti et Ministris et Successoribus suis plenam facultatem, 2:)otestatem et autoritatem ampliandi et majorem faciendi numerum ministrorum et nominandi et appunctuandi de tempore in tempus tales et hujusmodi subministros ad serviendum in Templo prsedicto quales prsefatis Superintendenti et Ministris necessarium visum fuerit, Et quidem haec omnia beneplacitum regium. Volumus praeterea, quod Joannes a Lasco, natione Polonus, homo propter integritatem et innocentiam vitae, ac morum et singularem eruditionem valde caelebris, sit primus et modemus Superintendens dictse Ecclesise, et quod Gualterus Deloenus, Martinus Flandrus, Franciscus Riverius, Richardus Gallus, sint quatuor primi et modemi ministri. Damus praeterea et concedimus prsefatis Superintendenti et Ministris et Successoribus suis facultatem autoritatem et lieentiam post mortem vel vacationem alicujus Ministri praedictorum, de tem- pore in tempus, elegendi, nominandi et surrogandi alium, personam habilem et idoneam in locum suum ; ita tamen quod persona sic nominatus et electus praesentatur et sistatur coram nobis, haeredibus vel successoribus nostris et per nos haeredes vel succesores nostros instituatur in Ministerium praedictum. Damus etiam et concedimus preefatis Superintendenti Ministris et Successoribus suis facultatem autoritatem et lieentiam post mortem vel vacationem Superintendentis de tempore in tempus eligendi nomi- nandi et surrogandi alium, personam doctam et gravem in locum suum ; ita tamen quod persona sic nominatus et electus praesentatur et sistatur coram nobis, haeredibus vel successoribus nostris et per nos haeredes vel successores nostros instituatur in OfRcium Superin- tendentis praedictum. Mandamus et firmater injungendum praecipimus, tam Majori, Vice- comitibus et Aldermanis Civitatis Nostrae Londinensis et successo- ribus suis, cum omnibus aliis Archiepiscopis Episcopis, Justiciariisj, 268 Officiariis et Ministris nostris quibuscunque, quod permittant prae- fatis Superintendenti et Ministris, et sua, suos libere et quiete frui, gaudere, uti, et exercere ritus et ceremonias suas proprias et Discipli- nam Ecclesiasticam propriam et peculiarem, non obstante quod non conveniant cum ritibus et Caeremoniis in Regno nostro usitatis, absq; impetitione perturbatione, aut inquietatione eorum, vel eorum alicujus, aliquo statuto, actu, proclamatione, injunctione, restrictione, seu usu, in contrarium inde antehac habitis, factis, editis, seu promulgatis, in contrarium non obstantibus. Eo quod expressa mentio de vero valore annuo, aut de certitudine praemissorum, sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliis donis sive concessionibus per nos prsefatis Superintendenti Ministris et Successoribus suis ante haec tempora faotis, in praesen- tibus minime facta existit, aut aliquo statuto, actu, ordinatione, pro-r \asione, sive restrictione, inde in contrarium factis, editis, ordinatis, seu provisis, aut aliqua alia re, causa vel materia quacunq ; in aliquo non obstante. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri facimus Patentes. Teste meipso apud Leighes, vicessimo quarto die Julii, Anno Regni nostri quarto, per Breve de privato Sigillo et de datis praedicta Autoritate Parliamenti. R. Southwell. Un Harrj's. SEAL OP THE LONDON DUTCH CHURCH. 269 ** A true copy of the letters patents, granted by his Majesty to the French ministers, &c., lately come hither for shelter and protection." (1G89.) James the second by the grace of God King of England, Scot- land, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas it hath been repre- sented to us by the humble petition of Benjamin Daillon, John Lewis Malide, Samuel Mettayer, Simon Canole, Henry Gervais, Timothy Baignoux, Charles Peter Sonchet, William Bardon, John Forent, and Bartholomew Balaguier, being all of them French ministers, making profession of the Protestant religion, that they, together with a great number of French Protestants of their communion, are fled for shelter into this our realm of England, and are now in and about our city of London and the suburbs thereof, of the truth whereof we are fully satisfied. And it hath been also represented to us that the aforesaid ministers cannot perform the office of their mi- nistry to such comfort and edification of those of the French Protes- tants which now do reside and daily come to reside in our said city of London and the subrurbs thereof, as they much desire to do ; in regard a number of people being French Protestants, daily come out of their own coxmtry, amongst whom are many that were under the immediate care and charge of the said ministers where they lived and resided in France, and for that they are here destitute of, and want places for their assemblies in, and for matter of religious worship, and matters thereto relating, and because these places now used for the worship of God by those of the French nation, professing the Protes- tant reUgion, are not sufficient to contain those of their communion. And those French Protestants that lately have and daily do come over into this our realm of England, and do resort to our said city of Lon- don and the suburbs thereof : whereby many families and their descen- dants are not able to find that comfort and edification which they came to seek for in this our kingdom, and many others may be discouraged from putting themselves under our royal protection. And the afore- said ministers having humbly besought us that out of our royal grace towards strangers, we would please to grant them leave to exercise their ministry according to the manner as they did in France, con- formable to the confession of faith of their churches and liturgy and 270 discipline used amongst them, to the end that they may teach their peo])le the fear of God, the honour and allegiance which is due to us in a christian and well ordered conversation : beseeching us likewise that for this end we would give them leave to build one or more church or churches, place or places of reUgious meeting or assem- bling within our city of London or suburbs of the same, wherein they may perform the said functions, and keep their consistories for the maintaining the order amongst them, £ind that in the mean time, till they can build such church or churches, place or places for religious meeting or assembling — -they may be permitted to hire such place or places as they can find convenient for the use aforesaid, and after decease or other failure, of any of the aforesaid ministers, they may have leave to fill up their number of ten ministers, that themselves and their successors may acknowledge our royal bounty and continue to pray for the prosperity of us and our kingdoms ; which humble petition of the French ministers, we, of our royal bounty have grant- ed, and do hereby grant : Now know ye therefore that for the more and greater ease, comfort, and encouragement of the said French ministers and of those French Protestants that already have fled, or hereafter shall flee for shelter and protection to this our kingdom of England, and for the better enablmg the said French ministers and their successors to perform and exercise their ministerial office and functions, to and amongst their people, according as above desired. We of our special grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, have willed, ordained, constituted, and granted, and by these presents for us and our heirs and successors, do will, ordain, constitute, and grant that the aforesaid French ministers, that is to say the said Benjamin de Daillon, John Lewis Malide, Samuel Mettayer, Simon Canole, Henry Gerv^ais, Timothy Baignoux, Charles Peter Sonchet, William Bardon, John Forent, and Bartholomew Balaguier, and their succes- sors, ministers of the said French congregation of Protestants strangers from time to time, for ever hereafter be, and shall be, one body, politick and corporate of themselves in deed and name, by the name of the French ministers of the French congregation of Pro- testant strangers, in or about our city of London and suburbs thereof of the foundation of King James the second, and we do by these pre- sents incorporate them by the name beforesaid, and really and fully create, erect, ordain, make, and constitute them a body, corporate 2-1 and politick, and that they have a perpetual succession, and shall and may exercise the functions of their ministry according to their man- ner used in France, conformable to their confession of faith, liturgy, and discipline, by themselves, heretofore in their country used and exercised ; and further, we of our special grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, have given and granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do give and grant unto the said French ministers, Protestants, strangers, and their successors — special licence and free and lawful power and authority to have, purchase, and pos- sess for them and for their successors for eVer, and for any term of years, life or lives, any land or ground whereupon to build one or more church or churches, place or places of worship, within this our city of London or suburbs thereof, wherein they may exercise their said functions and keep their consistories for the maintaining of order and the reforming of abuses, and that in the mean time it shall and may be lawful for them to hire such place or places as they shall judge convenient for the purposes aforesaid, the statute of Mortmain or any other statute and ordinance or provision heretofore had, made, set forth, ordained, or provided, or any other matter, cause, or thing whatsoever, to the contrary, in any wise notwithstanding. And further we have given and granted and by these presents we do give and grant unto all and every, the subject or subjects, whatsoever of us, our heirs, and successors — special licence and free and lavirful power and authority that he, they, or any of them, shall and may give, grant, sell, or demise unto the said French ministers, strangers, and their successors for eVer or for any term of years, life or lives any land or ground whereon to build one or more church or churches, place or places of worship within our city of London or suburbs of the same : and we do hereby for us our heirs and successors, will and grant to the said French Ministers, Protestants, strangers, and their successors, that they the said French ministers, Protestants, strangers, and successors, shall, and may from time to time, for ever hereafter when and so often as any of the ministers of the said con- gregation shall happen to die or to remove from London aforesaid, and the suburbs thereof, or be removed from his office or offices, function or functions for any just or reasonable cause, according to the discipline heretofore used by the said French ministers in France, nominate, elect, choose, and establish, and we do hereby for us, our 272 heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the said French ministers, Protestants, strangers, and their successors, full power and authority to nominate, elect, choose, and establish some other person or persons in the room and rooms, place and places, of such of the said minis- ters, for the time being of the said congregation, as shall happen to die or remove, or be removed as aforesaid, to succeed them in the office or offices of minister or ministers of the said congregation, which person or persons, so from time to time, for ever hereafter to be chosen shall and may enjoy all and singular the powers, privi- leges, and immunities, by these presents granted or intended to be granted. And lastly, we require and command the Lord Mayor of our city of London, and the Aldermen, SheriiFs, and Justices of Peace there, and the Justices of Peace of our counties of Middlesex, and Surrey, and also all archbishops, bishops, and others, our officers and ministers, whatsoever, both ecclesiastical and civil, whom it may concern, that they do permit the aforesaid ministers and their succes- sors, quietly and peaceably to enjoy the effects of this our royal bounty, that so they may exercise their ministry amongst their own people, according to their omti customs, ceremonies, and discipline, without let or disturbance, notwithstanding they are not conforma- ble to the customs, ceremonies, rites, and discipline of the Church of England, or any act, statute, proclamation, injunction, restriction, caution, ordinance, constitution, usage, or other matter, cause, or thing whatsoever, to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. In witness whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patents. Witness ourself at Westminster, the 4th day of September, in the 4th year of our reign. By Writ of Privy Seal, Piggott, Profine in hanaperio, £6. 13s. 4d. Cum Magno Anglise Sigillo Jeffrays, C. Pardonatur, Jeffrays, d 273 CANTERBURY. A paper why those of the strangers' congregation in the parish of Holy Cross, be not charged for the English poor, — f Circa, 1579 J Imprimis. — The proscription of time. Because we are charged with our own poor, which are many in number, the charge of which is £30 monthly. Besides once a year clothing our poor. Last year by means of the plague we spent £50 a month. We are also charged with divers strangers, passing to and fro, from beyond sea. That this is a poor time, by reason of the plague in London, not being able to sell our merchandize. Many English failing in London, one is Mr. Thomas Mereton, by whom the congregation is like to lose £1500. Besides we are more extraordinary sessed than the English, for the King's ships, for the reparation of the church, for the musters. That in our parish are twenty-five householders, strangers, with fifty children, who are a charge to us, and if they were gone, poor English would dweU there. We put a hundred and fifty poore English to worke, as foUoweth — The names of the spinners of the parish of Holy Crosse : — " Goudy Fid, Anne Balcock, Goudy Apsley," (and thirty others ;) to each one of them as much wages as the others : some have 4s. a weeke. The articles granted to the French strangers by the mayor and aldermen of Canterbury were as follow. — ( Somner's Can- terbury, appx. XXXI.) Dignissimis Dominis Domino maiori et fratribus Consiliariis urbis Cantuariensis Salutem, Supplicant humilime extranii vestra libertate admissi in ista urbe Cantuariensi quat' velitis sequentes articulos ilhs concedere. Prior Articulus, Quia religionis amore (quam libera conscientia tenere percupiunt) patriam et propria bona reliquerunt, orant sibi liberum exercitium suae religionis permitti in hac urbe, quod ut fiat commodius sibi M 2 2/4 assignari templum et locum iu quo poterint sepelire mortuos suos, Si'ciindus /irticulus. Et ne sub eorum umbra et titulo leligionis profani et male morati bomines sese in banc urbem intromittant per quos tota societas male audiret apud cives vestros ; supplicant nemini liberam mansionem in bac urbe permitti nisi prius suae probitatis sufficiens testimonium nobis dcdcrit. Tertius Articulus. Et ne inventus inculta maneat, requirant permissionem dari prae- ccptori quem secum adduxerunt instruendi Juvenes, tum eos quos secum adduxerunt, tum eos qui volunt linguam Gallicara discere. Quartus Articulus. Artes ad quas exercendas sunt vocati et in quibus laborare cupit tota societas sub vestro favore et jjrotectione sunt Florence, Serges, Bombasine, D of Ascot Serges &c., of Orleance, Frotz, SUkwever, Mouquade, Mauntes, Bages &c. Stofe Mouquades. Nomina SuppUcantium sunt Hector Hamon, Minister verbi Dei. Vincentius Primont Institutor Juventutis. Egidius Cousin Magister operum et conductor totius congregationis in opera. Misbel Cousin. Jacobus Querin. Petrus du Bosc Joliannes de la Forterj'^e. Noel Lestene. Nicolaus Dubuisson. Antonius du Verdier. Phillippus de Miez. Robertus Javelin. Jobannes le Pelu. Petrus Desportes. Jacobus Boudet. Tres Viduse. A coppye of the articles of agreement by the mayor and the magistrates of Canterbury with the strangers coming over for Refuge, under their protection. — 15 (Dr'ij.) 1574. 1. In primis, they shall have full and free exercise of theire reli- gion, as all other congregations of this realme have, with competent cburch for their asscmbhes. 2. Secondly, they shall have suer dwelling, without being con- strained to depart, without the only commandment of Her Majesty or of bcr council, and may bycr houses for such tearme as they shall think tit. 275 3. Thirdly, they shall have liberty to mark bayes, stamels, and cloath, after the Flanders fashion, with a sufficient house to keepe them to viewe them and to seale them, and also to die them of all collers, also to by such woole as shall bee fit for their occupation in the cuntery and other places of the realme, and also to by and sell, one to another, stufes belonging to their sayd trades, with like liberty as those of Sandwidge. Provided that they shall not make cloath or kersies, such as the EngHsh doe make at this present. 4. Item, that they may make all sortes of leases and buttons, as well of silke as jarsey, and also all sorts of woi'ks as may be wrought with the sheckell, as well with lowe sleyes as with high sleyes, as ocation shall be offered, and likewise to sell, one to another, the stuffs thereunto belongenge. 5. Item, that they may sell all sort of merchandizes, made by them to sell, in gross and not by retaile, — also they may transporte them out of the realme, paienge the dueties, as others doe. 6. Item, that they may have a post with horse or waggons to carry and recarry their wares, as well to London as elsewheare, for to sell theare or cause them to be sould, without interuption by the waie or other the said places. 7. Item, that they male have a place among themselves to receave and lodge the poore strangers passing and travellinge w*^'' have not meanes to resort unto the inns. To the foregoing articles Mr. Bunce in his printed minutes adds the following, — That they should not be further taxed than the English inhabiting within the city, by any imposition. That they should have some among them to bake the bread of those that had no means, or could not do it themselves. That they should have some among them to make their cloaths and amend sheir shoes. That they should have others to make all such things as belonged and appertained to their trades, as carpenters, tanners, joiners, and lockers. That they should have one to bake and dress their meats, and to sell them to the strangers that should have need thereof. That they should have persons among them authorized by the 276 magistrates for to watch and have oversight of the poor widows and orphans, and other disorders and controversies that might happen, to the end that the magistrate might not be troubled in those affairs.* That all the aforesaid articles should be ratified by the magistrate imder the seal of the cit}^ And that if at any time to come, any thing should be wanting unto them they should be aided and succoured by the magistrate, as far as right and equity should extend. Tliese articles originally written in the Dutch language and tran- slated into English, were signed by the mayor, Mr. Alderman Alcocke, and John Boys, Esq. on the part of the citizens. A list of 33 French ministers in London who signed a letter dated 2nd August 1690, with the places in France from which they came, is to be found in Zion College Library, S. 6, 29. " The names of those which are of the Italian church being borne in Flanders and other places under the domynyon of the King of Spaine" are to be found in the Lansdown MSS. X. No. 61. The names of all (and singular) Frenchmen, Flemyngs, and Wallounes, within her Ma""' town of Ric, taketi before John Sliarpe jMaior of the said, Edward Middleton, May' of her Ma'"^ town of Winchelsey, and Thomas Wilford, Esquier, Capt" of her castil of the camber in the tovvne-hall of Rie aforesaid, the xxviijtli daie of Marche, in the eleventh yere of her Higheness reign. A"' D"" 1569. —Cottonian MSS., Galba, a 3. p. 258. MINISTERS. Mons"' St. Parole of Depe. Mons'- Hector Harmon of Bacavile Mons'' Jacob Caref of Ponteau Mons'' Nic' Tellier of Rue Mons'" Tousainth of Paure • This was no doubt the authority under which Les Hommes Politiques were appointed. 277 OF ROAN, Mons'' Denvermeall, Mons"^ Delaplace, Nic Dansye, William Synnchon, Anthoine Dehayes, John Torsie. — Then follow the names of 72 persons. This return (obtained by a nightly search) was accompanied by a letter from the mayor of Rye, stating among other things that " there is no continuallye dwellinge here in Rie above the number of fyftie men, beside ther wifes and children, and they verie quietlie and orderlie use themselves." SEAL OF THE FRENCH HOSPITAL. 2m2 INDEX. Acts of ParKament relating to the Refugees, 2, 60, 154. Alasco, Jean, 2, 25. Alva, D\ike of, 4. Appendix, 265. Apprentices London, Insiu'rection, 10, 19. Artillerie (de 1') Church, Minis- ters, Registers, rules for disci- pline, M. Boiu-dillon's Sermon at, 159,-162. Austin Friars Church, given to the Strangers, 3, 25, 26, and see Lon- don Dutch Chiu'ch. Barnstaple French Chiirch, 131. Beggars prohibited, 20. BeU Lane Chapel, 175. Belgic German Church, see Dutch Chiu'ch. Belgians and Flemmgs, driven to England, 4. BerwickStreetChapel,E,egister, 141. Bideford French Chm-ch, 132. Blaclcfriars French Chiu-ch, 181. Bombazms, 197- Botu-dillon, Rev. Jacob, liis Sermon, accomit of French Chvirches, 162. Brewers' HaU, 153. Bristol French Church, Mmisters, Registers, 123. Bucer, 2, 3, 205. Buckingham House, City, a French Chapel, 154. Bulteel's "Troubles in Kent," 40. Bunce's collections for Canterbury, 273. C. Calico Printing, 259. Cambric, 260. Canterbury French Chiu'ch, use the Undercroft, articles granted by the City, Weavers' Company chartered, order in Council 1613, train bands, seal for cloths, pro- perty of, Ministers,Registers, 38 —46. Canterbiuy, Uniform Chiuxh, Re- gister, 52, Canvey Island, Dutch Chapel, 220. Castle Street Chapel, 151. Chapel Royal, French, 173. ,, Dutch, 222. ,, German, 235. Charenton, La, Chapel, 142. Charles I., warrant of, 14. Charles IL, 20. ChaxlestoAATi, Refugees at, 19. Chelsea, French Church, 119. Chapels, fifteen erected in 1687, 21. Clocks, 258. Coaches introduced, 188. Coinage improved, 262. Colchester Dutch Church, letter to Privy Council, emplojTnent of poor, Letters Patent 1612, Bay Hall, seal counterfeited. Act 12, 280 ("ar. II., curious Chapel, Minis- ters, Dissolution, 208,-214. Colloqucs, 28. Corporation of 1689, 134. Comit6 laic, appointed, 22. „ Ecdesiastique, 22. Crispin St., Chapel, 173. D. Dartmouth French Church, 131. Dean Street Chapel, 145. Dover French Chui-ch, 97. „ Dutch Chiu-ch, 220. Drauiing, 20 1. Durham House Chapel, 108. Dutch in England, tcuxp. Edward III., 5 Dutch, names of, in loOS, 7. ,, Chxux-h, see London. „ Chapel Royal, 222. Dyeing introduced, 258. E. Easterlings, see Flemings. Ecole, L', Francaise, 184. Edinbvirgh, Refugees at, 19. Edw. \a. Chai-ter of 1550, 3, 265, his Diary, 3. Elizabeth, Queen, protection to Re- fugees, 3, 64. ,, at Southam^Jton, 88. ,, at Norw-ich, 69. „ at Sandwich, 206. England, Cloth Wearaig driven there, 4. Exeter French Church, 129. ,, Gobelm, Tapestry made at, 130. F. Favcrsham French Chiuch, 98. Fishing 210 Flemings, teach viurious trades, be- headed, burnt, refine the coinage, 190, 2G2. Flowers introduced, 196. Foreigners, use of, in State mat- ters, 11. Foreigners, searches for, 6, 69. Foreigners, insiuTcction agamst, 10, 12, 04, 72. Foreigners, list of, 10. „ their subscription, 11. ,, made denizens, 18. ,, invitation to, 21. Briefs, &c. for, 21, 18. ,, in America, &c., 19. ,, in Germany, 19, 250. ,, leave England for Hol- land, 71. Foreigners take up arms, 30. France, persecution in 1549, 3. 1568, 5. 1572, 8. „ 1685, 17. 1748, 23, French Chapels, M. Boxuxlillon's accomrt of, 163. G. Gastigny, James de, 181. George I. Letters Patent for Frencli Hospital, 18. George II. "SVai-rant for £8,591, 22. German Church, see London Dutch ,, Lutheran Chapel Royal, 235. German, St. Mary's, Savoy, 238. St. George's 240. ,, Reformed, 240. „ Trinity Lane, 237. German}', Refugees in, 19, 250. Glastonbm-y French Chiu'ch, order ill Council, V. Pollanus at, anci- ent dish, 90—94. Glass House Street Chapel, 138. Glover's Hall Chapel, 168. 281 Grecs, (Les,) Church, Hogarth's Picture of, property of, Regis- ters, Ministers, newChiu'ch, 113. Greb^ Chui'ch, Greek Royal de- scendants, curious inscription, result of enquiries respecting, 230. Greenwich French Chuxch, IMinis- ters, glass making there, 116 Grindall, Bishop, Supermtcndant of Foreign Churches, 188, his care of the French Churches, 29. H. Halstead, Dutch Bay makers at, 214. Hamstedius, excommvmicated, 188. Hammersmith French Church, 119. Hats, manvifactiire of, 257. Heads, taken off London Bridge, 262. Hopital, L', Eglise, de, 178 ; Cor- poration of, 181 ; called La Pro- vidence, 86 ; Letters Patent, the Chapel, Chaplains, Governors, and Directors, 181, Seal, 277; Hun- nigen. Baron, gives £4,000 to, 86. Hoxton French Chapel, 164. Hvmgerford French Chapel, Minis- ters, Register, 147. Ireland, Refugees in, 247. Italian Chui-ch, Mhiister deposed, names of Congregation, dissolu- tion of, Mi:iisters, 225—229. James I., 14, 20, James II., 20, 21, Jean, St., French Church of. Min- isters, Registers, 165. K. King, Bishop, his order, 1615, 191. Kentish Churches, 40. Laud's Inj miction to the French Churches, 15. Leicester Fields French Chapel, Letters Patent for. Seal of Cor- poration, Registers, Ministers, Epigram on Rival, 134. Letters Patent, relating to the Re- fugees, &c., 21, 39, 61, 134, 211, 216. London, Walloon, or French Chuxch, Hospital of St. Anthony, burnt at Fire of London, pulled do^vTi, 1841 ; New Church, view of, be- quests to, Ministers, Registers, Seal, 24—37. Charter in 1550, see Appendix Dutch, or German Chiu'ch, have the Church of Austin Friars, Let- ters Patent, list of Congregation Congregation threatened, A'Las- 00, Superintendant, order in Council, Suneon Ruytinck's Journal, letter of Couincil 1574, Ministers, Registers, Burials in the Church, 185,-193. Bishop of, and Lord Mayor, speeches to, cups presented to, 30. Lynn, Mockados made at, 68. M. Maidstone Dutch Chiirch, names of the Congregation, the Thread Trade, curious letter, 202. Manufactures introduced into Eng- land, 252. Marriages at Canterbury, 48. ,, Norwich, 76. Martin's Lane French Chapel, Act of Parliament for, Ministers, Re- gisters, 153. Mary, Queen, her secret gift to the French Refugees, 168. Marylebone French Chapel, 153. 282 Ministers, French, in 1600, sec Ap- pendix. Ministers, Frencli, in 1782, 1(53. „ List of, 20. N. Nantes, EcUct of, 12. ,, Revoeation, 17. Needles, made at Norwich, 208. New York, Refugees at, 19. Neuvc, L'Eglise, Royal AVairant for, the Register, 178. Norwich French Church, invitation to Refugees, Letters Patent, rules for Trade, Cloths Sealed, Conspi- racy against Refugees, Queen's Letter to City, Order in Council, inquisition as to Foreigners, Rock spun Yarn, Anabaptists at. Arti- cles of faith subscribed. Queen's \'isit, the Artisans Pageant, insurrection against Foreign- ers, Cromwell confirms the privi- leges, property of Congregation, Chancery Suit respectmg. Regis- ters, resolutions respectmg witch- craft. Ministers, 61 — 77- Dutch Church, Letters Patent, Min- isters, decree 1571, the book of the drapery. Queen's visit 1578, ora- tion and cup presented, distiu-- bance 1613, attempt other Trades, Order in Council, brass dish at St. Paul's, Ministers, Register, 196—202. Norwich, Thomas Bomiell, Mayor of, 197. Norfolk and Suffolk, Refugees leave for Holland, 71 ; Elisha Pliillippo High Sheriff, 72. O. Ox-tail soup Introduced, 258. Paper, Manufacture introduced, Poem on, 262. Parchmentiers at Norwich, 208. I'atcrnoster Row, Spital Fields Cha- pel, 168. Patente, La, Soho, French Chapel, 149. Patente, La, SpitalKclds, origin of, miuiiments bclongmg to, Regis- ters, 168. Pembroke's, Earl of, Congregation at, 108. Perle St., French Chapel, 175. Pest House, 181. Petticoat Lane French Chapel, 159, 179. Pm making, 259. Plague at Canterbury, 47. „ Sand-rt-ich, 58. „ Southampton, 82—88. „ Norwich, 201. Ph-mouth French Church, 125. PoUanus, or Pidlen, V., 93 ; pub- lished the Litm-gy, 92. Politiques, Les Honunes, 49, 52, 68, 276. Printmg, 197. Provisions cheap in 1568, 5. Prussia, Refugees in, 19, 250. Pmuiing Seal of the Norwich ilan- ufactui'crs. Title Page. Pj-ramide, La, French Chapel, 143. Q. QuaiTe, Lc, French Chapel, 145. R. Rcbow, Sir Isaac, 215. Recognizance, form of, 139. Refugees, sec Foreigners. Registers of French Chapels, 139 ; where now deposited, 264. Riders Court French Chapel, 152. 283 Rival, Epigram on, 136. Rouen, English Refugees at, 18. Royal Chapels, see Chapels. Ruytinck, Simeon, his Joui'nal, 194. Rye French Church, 94. ,, Colloque at, 96. „ Refugees at, 95, 276. S. Sackcloth, made at Norwich, 208. Sailcloth, 258. Sandwich French Church, Arch- bishop Parker's account of, curi- ous book of accounts, Settlers at, 54. Dutch Church, Letters Patent, Queen's visit, water sports at, the earliest Settlement, fifty per- sons emigi-ate to Colchester, 205 —208. Savoy, French Church, 109. „ the little, 137- Sandtoft French Chiu-ch, Sir C.Vcr- muyden, list of Settlers, Drain- age of the Levels, destruction of the Chapel, Ministers, Register, Bible, 101—108. School, French, 184. Seal of Dutch Church, 268. ,, French Church, 31. „ „ Hospital 277. „ Norwich, Title Page, „ Corporation of 1689, 134. Ship brokmg, 262. Shoemakers, 9. Southampton, French Church, the curious Register, Maison Dieu, the Plague, Earthquake, 1580, Comet, 1581, Spanish Armada, Queen Elizabeth's visit, Minis- ters, 80—89. Southwark inhabited by Foreigners, 12. Somerset House Chapel, 108. Spanish Chiu-ch, the Preachers, 224. Spitallields, French 'u\, 18. Spring Garden French Chapel, 137. Stamford Dutch Church, Articles of Government, their Hall, 218. St. Bai-tholomew's Day, massacre, 8, 88. St. Catherine's Parish inhabited by Foreigners, 6. Stonehouse, French Chui'ch, 127. Starching introduced, 189. Strangers, see Foreigners. Supcrmtendant of Foreign Church- es, 29. Swan Fields French Chapel, 176. Swiss Church, coloiu's presented to Congregation, Ministers, &c., 233 Swallow Street, French Chapel, 139. Sjniods, 28. Tabernacle, Du, French Chapel, 147. Tapestry, 260. Temple, Le, Soho, French Chapel, 149. Thetford, Dutch Church, 219. Thomey Abbey, French Church, 99. Thorpe le Soken, Essex, French Chui-ch, 121. Trades, 252. Tremblade, La, French Chapel, 143. Tryon, Peter, a rich Refugee, 197. Vegetables introduced, 257. W. Walloons, 4. Wandsworth, French Chiirch at. Manufacture of Hats and Culi- nai-y Vessels, 117. Wapping, French Chapel, 180. Waterworks, 261. 284 West Street, French Chapel, 143. Wheeler Street, French Chapel, 17G TMiittlcsey, French Church, 98. William III., invitation to Protes- tant Foreigiiers, 21 ; His Speech, 1695, 21 ; stands Godfather at a French Chapel, 140. Winchelsea, French Chvirch, 96, Yarmouth, Dutch Church, Fishins Trade, Queen's Licence, Order for Government, the Chapel, 216. APPENDIX. Charter of Edward VI. Letters Patent in 1689. Petition to Mayor of Canterbury. List of Refugees at Rye. List of French Ministers. FINIS. BLACKET, PKINTEB, NEWBUET. Date Due ,.„.,«^*^--^ hi. *Ai|iW!!^ii- y' V ^iWag'i^ •HiMb ' -^^bbbbhhi » n PRINTED IN U. S. A. BW5070 .R3B9 The history of the French, Walloon, Princeton Theological Seminary-Speer Library 1 1012 00001 6487