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 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
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 Division. .r^^^..*^ * ^^ » 
 
JAN 14 1911 
 
 THE _ . ,-_ ^^ 
 
 LIFE OF OUR BLESSED SAYlOtJIl: 
 
 AN EPITOME 
 OP THE GOSPEL NAEEATIYE 
 
 ARRANGED IN ORDER OF TIME FROM THE LATEST HARMONIES. 
 
 SECOND EDITION, REVISED. 
 
 BY THE / 
 
 EEY. I. GEEGOEY SMITH, M.A. 
 
 EECTOR OF TEDSTONE DELAMEEE, 
 AND LATE PELLOW OE BEASENOSE COLLEGE, OXPOED, 
 
 RIVINGTONS, WATERLOO PLACE ; 
 
 HIGH STEEET, TEIIflTT STEEET, 
 
 ©iforlr. €:am6ritrge. 
 
 1867. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This Epitome is intended to facilitate the study of the Holy Gospels. 
 By tracing the outlines of the narrative distinctly, it becomes more 
 evident, how sure are the foundations on which the Cliristian faith 
 stands, and more easy to realize the full import of the narrative, both as 
 a whole and in its constituent parts. In this way a work even of small 
 dimensions may be of some service, it is hoped, amid the controversies 
 of the day, in assisting to check the insidious tendencies of scepticism. 
 The best of all answers to objections against the accuracy of this or 
 that point of detail in the Old or New Testament, because it exposes 
 most palpably the irrelevancy and futility of such objections, is a firm 
 appreciation of the Gospel as a iclwle, and of the glorious truths there 
 recorded, and providentially transmitted to latest generations in the 
 faithful custody of the Church. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 This Epitome of the sacred narrative of the life on earth of onr Blessetl 
 Saviour is based for the most part on the Hulsean Lectures of Bishop 
 Ellicott. The compiler has also availed himself of other works, including 
 the interesting Essays of Andrews, the latest and not the least com- 
 petent of the many writers on this subject. With some modifications ', 
 not of great importance, he has followed the arrangement proposed by 
 Bishop Ellicott, not as the only possible way of solving the many and 
 intricate questions which arise in harmonizing the four Gospels, but as 
 being intrinsically consistent and supported by no slight weight of 
 authority. He hopes that his compilation (for it is nothing more) may 
 prove useful to those, who desire to form a clear and complete idea of 
 the events in that adorable Life which is the great central object of our 
 faith. The Epitome is not a Harmony of the Gospels, but the result 
 without the process of harmonizing. There are many readers who have 
 neither the leisure nor the special training required to follow the slow 
 and lengthy disquisitions through which the true adjustment of the 
 sacred records is attained, but who will gladly avail themselves of the 
 
 1 For example, in the account of the Call of the Four Apostles by the Lake of 
 Galilee, the circumstances of the last Supper, several dates, &c. 
 
6 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 result of those investigations, if presented in a simple and compendious 
 form. Such readers may assm'e themselves that, though the arguments 
 on which the aiTangement adopted in the Epitome rests are of necessity- 
 withheld, it has not been adopted hastily nor without earnest considera- 
 tion of conflicting argimaents. It will approve itself, the compiler 
 believes, more and more convincingly to the patient and devout student 
 of the holy narrative. 
 
 There seem to be good and sufficient reasons for the conclusion at 
 which Bishop Ellicott (in common with the best authorities on the 
 subject) has arrived, that St. Mark and St. Luke observe the order of 
 time most closely, and are, in a word, the most historical of the four 
 Evangelists. St. Matthew appears to group together events or dis- 
 courses by the law of similarity and on account of reference to the same 
 subject, thus evincing that habit of classifying which might reasonably 
 be expected from his previous occupations. St. John is led to single 
 out the principal discourses with a view to establish the great doctrine 
 of the Saviour's divine nature, and thus marks only the great yearly 
 divisions of His Ministiy. The other two usually prefix a note of time 
 to the successive incidents, connecting them in due order into a con- 
 tinuous narrative, in which each stage of the journey may be traced 
 with more or less exactness. 
 
 In this Epitome it has been judged best to omit such incidents as are 
 inseparably connected with others, and may be said to form an integral 
 part of them. For instance, the Song of Simeon obviously suggests the 
 Thanksgiving of Anna as belonging to the same time and place. Again, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the " Appearance of the Angels " involves the consequent visit of the 
 Shepherds to worship the new-born Christ. But, on the other hand, 
 wherever the date and sequence of events require to be carefully marked 
 by reason of some obscurity, there even subordinate points are specified. 
 The relative proportion of events is kept in view, so far as an epitome 
 admits of it, according to the rules of historical perspective. Thus a 
 far larger space than usual is devoted to the narrative of the Passion 
 and Death of Christ, which are related in their minutest particulars ; 
 and special care has been taken to distinguish plainly the several occa- 
 sions on which He deigned to manifest Himself " after that He was 
 risen." 
 
 Any thing like detailed annotation is out of place in a compendium. 
 It is not easy, whilst enumerating things of so surpassing an interest, to 
 pass by them without a word ; and there is danger of irreverence in the 
 abrupt and cursory mention of holy things. But the very nature of an 
 epitome demands a rigid adherence to the bare outlines only. In one 
 respect indeed comment is unnecessary. By the mere fact of being 
 arranged in the right order of time and place, the several features of the 
 history stand out in stronger light and shade, and thus illustrate each 
 other. A few notes are appended, where the connexion of events is 
 less obvious than usual, or to explain what might otherwise seem ques- 
 tionable in the text. 
 
 The reference on the margin is generally made to that Evangelist 
 who nan-ates the incident most fully, as St. Matthew in " the Baptism," 
 or who gives the most probable arrangement of details in order of time, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 as St. Luke in the three successive " Temptations in the Wilderness." 
 For the convenience of the reader, the references are made, so far as 
 possible, to consecutive passages, not to detached texts. But sometimes 
 the passage cited requires to be supplemented in this or that particular 
 from some other Gospel. This supplementary reference is given within 
 brackets. 
 
 The darker type is intended to remind the reader that the events 
 (or persons ^) thus marked in the text are commemorated in the Eng- 
 lish Church by holy-days, either of a festive or penitential character, 
 as for example, " the Nativity of Christ," on Christmas Day ; or by 
 holding a conspicuous place in our ritual, as the " Song of Simeon," in 
 the Order for Evening Prayer. Thus the cherished associations of our 
 Prayer Book naturally twine themselves round the great verities of the 
 Christian Faith, shielding them from rude disfigurement amid the 
 storms of controversy, and clothing them with new beauty. The heart- 
 piercing incidents of the Passion are assigned as nearly as possible to 
 their respective hours of the day or night, that they may be connected 
 with the special times of private devotion. The knowledge and the love 
 of the Saviour should grow together in the heart. 
 
 Great care has been taken to distinguish emphatically as separate, 
 events too often vaguely imagined, from their resemblance, to be one 
 and the same. On this point an important canon may be laid down, 
 which will scarcely now be impugned by any unbiassed critic. It is 
 
 2 The names of Saints commemorated by holy -days are thus marked only on the first 
 mention of them. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 more likely (to take the lowest ground) that similar words should 
 have been spoken or similar acts performed more than once, than that 
 the same event should be related by eye-witnesses with material varia- 
 tions. At the same time, it must be remembered that a variation 
 merely as to numbers need not be considered material. The greater 
 number of course includes the less, while the less does not involve 
 necessarily any negation of the greater. That only one angel, for 
 example, is reported by one Evangelist, as seen at the tomb, is not of 
 necessity inconsistent with the mention of two angels by another. In 
 the case of the blind men at Jericho, on the other hand, there are 
 reasons, independent of number, for supposing that the several Evan- 
 gelists are speaking of different occurrences. 
 
 Above all, it is most important to bear in mind that the authenticity 
 of the Gospel narrative stands on a foundation that cannot be shaken 
 by any passing controversy on the subject of the inspiration of the 
 text. Even the very difficulty of harmonizing the four narratives is 
 one, and not the least, among the cumulative proofs that our faith is 
 not in vain. Discrepancies, few or many, if of such a kind as to be 
 palpable on the surface, and especially if found in juxtaposition with 
 more recondite and evidently undesigned coincidences, form, even while 
 unexplained and apparently inexplicable, one of the strongest links in 
 the great chain of evidences of truth. The harmonizer of the Gospels 
 cannot but rise from his task with strengthened conviction of their 
 veracity, even when he feels that his task cannot be achieved perfectly. 
 In these days of loud and impatient questionings on the subject of 
 
10 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 inspiration, it is good to remember, that just as the great doctrines of 
 Christianity, though more and more substantiated by thoughtful study 
 of the written word, are yet not dependent for credibility on any theory, 
 however incontestable, of its inspiration, but on the word of Christ 
 transmitted through His Apostles in His Church by Creed, Liturgy, 
 Formularies, and other historical documents, as well as by the Holy 
 Scriptures, so the great facts, on which the doctrines rest, and with 
 which they are indissolubly united, are placed beyond dispute by the 
 testimony which is irrefragable of eye-witnesses, even though we waive 
 for the moment all question of the nature or degree of divine illumi- 
 nation vouchsafed to those through the medium of whose penmanship 
 we receive them. In both cases there is also that which outweighs 
 all other evidences, the distinctive impression, which the conscience 
 practically recognizes, of a superhuman and celestial character. 
 
 A want of clearness and distinctness in the popular conceptions, not 
 only of the great doctrinal truths of Christianity, but also of the cha- 
 racteristics of the Redeemer's life on earth, is among the worst ten- 
 dencies that now beset our faith. This danger must be met by a plain 
 and definite statement of the truth in creed and narrative. The miser- 
 able parodies on the Gospel, revolting alike to reason and faith, which 
 are propounded from time to time by blasphemers like Strauss and 
 Renan, are silenced at once if confronted with the actual facts as 
 authenticated by the Evangelists. The distorted images engendered by 
 the diseased imagination of scepticism collapse into nothingness at the 
 touch of reality. It is earnestly hoped that this brief Epitome and 
 
INTRODUCTION. I \ 
 
 these few introductory remarks may be not altogether useless in the 
 endeavour to counteract this evil tendency, by clearing the way for 
 those who ai^proach the contemplation of the holy Life and Death of 
 God the Son Incarnate, with a devout longing to realize, so far as 
 we may, its transcendent meaning. The profound mysteiy of the In- 
 carnation will be felt all the more strongly, if we realize as palpably and 
 tangibly as we can every circumstance which shows that He, being 
 perfectly God, made Himself for our sakes perfectly Man. It has been 
 well said 3 that we must be on our guard against the old, yet ever- 
 recurring, confusion of His twofold nature which leads men to think of 
 His life upon earth as " something neither human nor divine." For this 
 end we must present to ourselves, as clearly as we can, the time, place, 
 and circumstances of each incident, as well as the events which preceded 
 it and followed. A great privilege it is to be allowed to track the 
 footsteps of the Son of Man from place to place, and to follow the 
 course of that divinely beautiful yet truly human Life, year by year, 
 sometimes day by day and hour by hour. Even a short epitome, more 
 or less incomplete as it must be, may thus serve under the blessing of 
 the Holy Spirit for the comfort and instruction of Christians, by assist- 
 ing to render their faith in the adorable Person of their Lord, both as 
 " a sacrifice for sin, and also an ensample of godly life *," more definite 
 and practical. 
 
 2 Andrews. The Life of our Lord upon the Earth. Preface, p. viii. 
 "* Collect for Second Sunday after Easter. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I.— The Birth and Childhood -| comprising "j 
 
 of our Lord JESUS a period of about > from 749 to 762 A.IJ.C. 
 CHRIST J 13 years J 
 
 PART II.— The early Judsean Ministry. . 15 months . ./('^an.) 26 a.d. to 
 ^ ^ 1^ (March) 27 a.d. 
 
 PART III.— The Ministry in Easternl o i /iv/r t, a -n ^n 
 
 "^ L . 3 weeks . . (March, April) 27 a.d. 
 
 vjRill66 • • • • • J 
 
 PART IV.-The Ministry in Northern^ . 6 months . . (April to Oct.) 27 a.d. 
 Galilee J 
 
 PART v.— The Three Journeyings^ g months /(Oct.) 27 a.d. to 
 
 towards Jerusalem . /* ' ' ' \.( April) 28 a.d. 
 
 1st Journey 3 months . . (Oct. to Dec.) 27 a.d. i 
 
 2nd Journey (after 5 
 
 weeks in Persea) . . a few weeks . (Feb) 28 a.d. I 
 
 3rd Journey .... a few weeks . (March, April) 28 a.d. ; 
 
 PART VI.— The Holy Week (April) 28 a.d. 
 
 PART. VII.— The Great Forty Days (April, May) 28 a.d. 
 
PART I. 
 
 THE BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD OF OUR LORD JESUS 
 
 CHRIST. 
 
 IN JUD^A, GALILEEj EGYPT; PERIOD OF 13 YEAKS. (CHIEFLY FROM 
 
 ST. LUKE,) 
 
 A.U.C.' 
 
 749 
 {March). 
 
 The Annunciation is made by the Angel Gabriel to 
 the Blessed Virgin Mary, 
 
 at Nazareth, in Galilee. 
 
 After a few months, the Blessed Virgin visits Elizabeth, 
 her^ kinswoman, at Hebron, in Judah. 
 The Salutation : 
 The "Magnificat." 
 
 1 Cf. Spanheim's Ecclesiastical Annals ; Burton's Lectures on 
 Ecclesiastical History; and Ellicott's Hulsean Lectures, who, 
 however, dates the Nativity Feb. 750. 
 
 2 Marriages between the tribes of Judah, to which the Blessed 
 Virgin belonged, and of Levi, to which Ehzabeth belonged, were 
 not uncommon, especially in the later days of Jewish history. 
 (See Ellicott's Hulsean Lectures, p. 50, n. 2, and Schleusner's 
 Lexicon, sub voce cvyy^viis.) 
 
14 
 
 BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD 
 
 After 3 months, the Blessed Virgin returns to Nazareth. 
 Joseph is warned in a dream. 
 
 Shortly after, they journey to Bethlehem in Judah to 
 be taxed. 
 
 Christ is Born at' Bethlehem. 
 On the same day the Angels appear to the Shepherds, &c. 
 
 On the 8th day Christ is Circumcised, privately. 
 
 After a month, they go to Jerusalem for 
 
 The Presentation of Christ in the Temple, 
 and The Purification of the Blessed Virgin. 
 The "Nunc Dimittis." 
 
 They return to ^Bethlehem. 
 The Magi' come to adore the Infant Christ. 
 
 Joseph, being warned in a dream, 
 flies with the Holy Child and the Blessed Virgin into 
 Egypt, previously to the Murder of the Innocents 
 at Bethlehem by Herod the Great. 
 
 3 Probably "the Stable" was one of the caverns in the hill- 
 side, used for cattle. See Ellicott's Hulsean Lectures, p. 62. 
 
 4 Possibly they went to Nazareth first; see St. L. ii. 39: or, 
 St. Luke, in that verse, passing over "the Adoration of the 
 Magi," &c., proceeds at once to the return from Egypt to 
 Nazareth. 
 
 5 There seem to be reasons for departing in this case from 
 ancient tradition, which, probably from an instinctive desire to 
 connect the two events together, places the Epiphany on the 
 twelfth day after Christmas. On the date of the Epiphany, see 
 Trench's Star of the Wise Men, p. Ill — 114. 
 
 St. L. i. 26—56. 
 
 St. Matt. i. 18— 
 25. 
 
 St. L. ii. 1—31 
 

 OF CHRIST. 
 
 15 
 
 A.T7.C. 
 
 Apr. 750. 
 
 After a short stay in Egypt, they return (Herod being 
 dead), 
 
 but, fearing Archelaus, not to Bethlehem, 
 
 
 
 but to Nazareth. 
 
 St. Matt. ii. 1 
 —23. 
 
 A.D. 8 6 
 
 After about 12 years, the Holy Child is taken 
 
 
 (April). 
 
 to Jerusalem, for the Passover : 
 On the 8th day of the Feast the Blessed Virgin and 
 Joseph leave Jerusalem : 
 
 during 2 days they seek Him : 
 on the 3rd day find Him in the Temple. 
 
 
 
 They all return to Nazareth, and dwell there 
 
 St. L.ii. 41— 52. 
 
 
 'where He works as a Carpenter]. 
 
 [St. Mk. vi. 3.] 
 
 1 
 
 
 fi i. e. A.D. 8 of the ordinary reckoning. 
 
 
PART II. 
 
 THE EARLY JUD^AN MINISTRY. 
 
 CHIEFLY IN JUD^A; PERIOD OF ABOUT 15 MONTHS. (CHIEFLT 
 
 FROM ST. JOHN.) 
 
 A.D. 26 1 
 {Jan.). 
 
 An. set. 
 30. 
 
 {April). 
 
 After 18 years, being now about 30 years of age, 
 He leaves Nazareth, for Bethabara on Jordan, 
 to be baptized by St. John Baptist. 
 
 Immediately thence He is led by the Spirit into the 
 Wilderness ; 
 
 and, after fasting there 40 days, 
 is tempted thrice^. 
 
 Immediately thence He returns to Bethabara : 
 and is present when the Deputation of Jews 
 comes to question St. John Baptist. 
 
 ^ i. e. A.D. 26, according to the ordinary reckoning. 
 2 On Mount Nebo, in Peraea, or on Bock of Temptation, W. 
 of Jordan. 
 
 St. Matt. iii. 13 
 —17. 
 
 St. L. iv. 1— 
 13. 
 
THE EARLY JUD^AN MINISTRY. 
 
 A.D. 26 
 
 (April). 
 
 An. aet. 
 
 30. 
 
 brothers 
 
 of 
 Bethsaicla. 
 
 Next day St. John Baptist bears witness to Christ 
 
 passing by, saying, " Behold the Lamb of GOD ! " 
 Next day St. John Baptist repeats this saying 
 in presence of St. Andrew and St. John. 
 Next day Christ calls ^ preliminarily 
 St. Andrew) 
 St. Peter J 
 His 5 first St. John 
 followers ] St. Philip 
 
 St. Bartholomew friends. 
 
 (Nathanael of Cana) ^ 
 
 Immediately thence He goes, with the Five, 
 to Cana in Galilee, to the Marriage-feast. 
 
 Immediately thence to Capernaum, near the Lake of 
 Galilee. 
 
 After a few days He goes from Capernaum to Jerusalem 
 for the Passover : 
 
 He cleanses the Temple ; 
 and works miracles ; so that many partially believe : 
 He discourses with Nicodemus. 
 
 After some time He retires to N.E. Judaea, 
 not trusting Himself to " the* Jews," 
 
 3 They did not leave their homes finally, till next year. 
 "* 01 'louSatoi, People of Jerusalem; or, kut' i^oxh^> their 
 Rulers ; of. Schleusner, sub voc. 
 
 St. J. 
 12. 
 
 i. ly— ii. 
 
 B 
 
THE EARLY JUD^AN MINISTRY. 
 
 and, by the hands ^ of His disciples, baptizes. 
 St. John Baptist at -^non bears his last testimony to 
 
 Him. 
 [ St. John Baptist is imprisoned ^ at Maehasrus, in Perrea. ] 
 Pie passes with the Five in two days, through Samaria, 
 where He reproves the Woman at " Jacob's Well," 
 near Sichar ; and many believe. 
 
 He goes into Galilee ; not to ^ Nazareth ; but to Cana ; 
 and there heals the Son of the Nobleman from 
 Capernaum : 
 
 After 2 months [in Galilee preaching Repentance in 
 
 the Synagogues] 
 He goes to Jerusalem for Purim^, the Feast of 
 
 Esther, 
 
 and there heals the Impotent Man at the Pool of 
 
 Bethesda. 
 
 5 St. J. iv. 2 is reconciled with St. J. iii. 22. 26, by the prin- 
 ciple, " quod facit per alium, facit per se." 
 
 6 Mentioned in St. Mk. vi. 17—20, and St. L. iii. 19, 20, 
 evidently out of place. 
 
 7 rfj f 5ia TrarpiSt (St. J. iv. 44) most probably means Nazareth. 
 Cf. St. Mk. vi. 1; St. L. iv. 23, 24; St. J. iv.43— 46. Nazareth, 
 the " own country " of Christ, is opposed to the rest of Galilee in 
 general (iv. 43), and to Cana in particular (iv. 46). 
 
 s Even if it be proved that St. John speaks of the Passover in 
 V. 1 (which does not inevitably follow even on ^ eopr^ instead of 
 iopTTj being the right reading), the Chronology of this Epitome 
 is not affected. Mera ravTa, St. John's favourite note of time 
 (cf. vi. 1), is indefinite : and Christ appears to have gone to 
 
 [St Mk. i. 14.] 
 
 [St. Mk. i. 15.] 
 
THE EARLY JUD^AN MINISTRY. 
 
 19 
 
 After a short stay there, because of the unbelief of the 
 
 Jews, 
 He goes to Nazareth, and, for the last time, makes 
 
 His abode there for some days. 
 
 Jerusalem for the great feast, the Passover, but to have been 
 deterred, by the hostility of the people, from staying beyond the 
 Feast of Purim, immediately preceding it. 
 
 St. . ii. 13- 
 47. 
 
 St. L. iv. 16. 
 
 B 2 
 
PART III. 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN EASTERN GALILEE. 
 
 IN EAST GALILEE; PERIOD OF ABOUT 3 WEEKS. (fROM THE FIRST 3 
 
 OR SYNOPTICAL GOSPELS.) 
 
 A.D. 27 
 
 {March). 
 
 An. aet. 
 
 31. 
 
 At Nazareth, on the Sabbath, He reads in a Syna- 
 gogue, 
 
 and saves Himself from the people. 
 
 On the way to Capernaum, henceforth His home ^, 
 He calls the fom'l 
 
 Fishermen, promising 
 to make them " Fishers 
 of Men." 
 
 St. Andrew") 
 
 St. Peter j''™'''^'^- 
 
 St. James the Greater^ 
 St. John / 
 
 brothers. 
 
 On the next Sabbath, at Capernaum, 
 
 In the morning He heals the Demoniac in the Syna- 
 gogue ; 
 
 1 But of. St. Matt. viii. 20, showing the homelessness of 
 Christ. 
 
 St. L. iv. 16- 
 30. 
 
 St. Mk. i. 16- 
 21. 
 
THE MINISTRY IN EASTERN GALILEE. 
 
 21 
 
 In the afternoon He heals St. Peter's Wife's Mother : 
 In the evening He heals very many sick. 
 Next day [very early] He goes to pray on the Moun- 
 tain, 
 and is followed [by St. Peter and] 
 by the peoi^le, praying Him to stay ; 
 but He makes a circuit of a few days among the 
 
 towns and villages on the Lake, 
 during which He works the miracle of the Draught 
 
 of Fishes, 
 
 calling the Four finally to be "Fishers of Men ;" 
 
 and heals the Leper. 
 
 On the day ^ before the Sabbath He returns to Caper- 
 naum ; 
 heals the Palsied Man let down through the roof ; 
 calls St. Matthew, 
 and sits down at his house with other publicans and 
 
 sinners. 
 Next day ^ the Sabbath, His disciples pluck the ears of 
 
 corn ; 
 His * enemies cavil. 
 
 2 Cf. St. L. vi. 1, where the Sabbath is spoken of as, appa- 
 rently, following immediately; cf. also, Ellicott's Huls. Lects. 
 p. 173, n. 2. 
 
 •'' It was called (St. L. vi. 1) SevrcpSirpurov, which probably 
 means first Sabbath of the second year in the Sabbatical cycle. 
 
 '* Some were from Galilee, some from Judaea j all apparently 
 waiting for the approaching journey to Jerusalem for the Pass- 
 over ; cf. St. L. V. 17. 
 
 [St. Mk. i. 3.5.] 
 [St. Mk. i. SO".] 
 
22 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN EASTERN GALILEE. 
 
 Next day, "another Sabbath," Nisan^ 7th, 
 
 He heals the Withered Hand in a Synagogue ; 
 retires to Mount Hattin, Mount of Beatitudes, 
 and passes the night there in prayer. 
 Next day He chooses the Twelve, 
 
 delivers (1), the "Sermon on the Mount" to the 
 Disciples ; 
 (2), the ® " Sermon on the Plain " to the 
 Multitude ; 
 in the evening returns to Capernaum ; 
 
 and there heals the Centurion's Servant. 
 
 Next day He goes to Nain ; 
 
 and there raises the Widow's Son. 
 St. John Baptist sends, just before his death, 
 to ask, for his disciples, " Ai't Thou the Christ ? " 
 At the house of Simon, the Pharisee, near Nain, 
 He accepts the offering of St. Mary Magdalene ', 
 the Penitent. 
 
 Next day He returns, with the XII and others, 
 preaching through the towns, &c., to ® Capernaum. 
 
 He there heals the blind and dumb Demoniac, 
 and is blasphemed by the Pharisees from Jerusalem : 
 
 ' Cf. Ezek. xlv. 20, which speaks of Nisan 7th as a holy-day. 
 EUicott, p. 175. It may be observed also, that erepov (St. L. vi. 6) 
 means strictly (a Sabbath) of a differcBt kind. 
 
 6 A shorter and more popular discourse. 
 
 ' Cf. St. L. viii. 2, where her name fii'st occurs. 
 
 8 Cf. St. Mk. iii. 20. 22, where the mention of His kinsmen 
 and of the Scribes from Jerusalem indicates Capernaum. 
 
 St. L. iv. 31- 
 
 vi. 16. 
 
 St. Matt, v., vi., 
 vii. 
 
 St. L. vi. 17- 
 viii. 3. 
 
THE MINISTRY IN EASTERN GALILEE. 
 
 23 
 
 A.D. 27 
 
 {April). 
 
 An. set. 
 
 31. 
 
 His ' kinsmen interpose : 
 in the afternoon He speaks the Parables of "the 
 Sower," and of "the Kingdom of Heaven, " from a 
 boat to the people on the shore : 
 in the evening, crossing to the E. coast for rest. 
 He rebukes the winds and waves. 
 Next day. He heals [two] Demoniacs there ; 
 the Gadarenes beg Him to depart : 
 
 He returns to Capernaum ; 
 
 and there raises Jairus' Daughter, 
 
 healing the Woman with an Issue of Blood on the way. 
 
 Next day He goes to Nazareth, 
 
 On the Sabbath He teaches in a Synagogue there, 
 and is rejected again. 
 
 He makes a short circuit through Galilee ; 
 sending the XII, two and two, to rejoin ^ Him at 
 Capernaum. 
 
 Herod Antipas, conscience-stricken for his recent mur- 
 der of St. John Baptist, desires to see Him. 
 
 He retires from Capernaum to N.E. coast ; 
 
 and there, near Bethsaida Julias, feeds the Five 
 Thousand, chiefly Israelites, assembling for the 
 Passover. 
 
 9 "Kinsmen," not strictly "brethren," cf. Schleusner's Lex. 
 Nov. Test., sub voce a.'bi\<p6s. 
 
 ' It was, apparently, a probationary Mission of very short 
 duration. 
 
 St. Matt. xii. 22 
 — xiii. 35. 
 
 [St. Matt, viii 
 28.] 
 
 St. Mk. iv. 3o— 
 vi. 13. 
 
 St. L. ix.7-17. 
 
PART IV. 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN NORTHERN GALILEE. 
 
 IX NORTH GALILEE. PERIOD OF ABOUT 6 MONTHS. (CHIEFLY FROM 
 
 ST. MATTHEW.) 
 
 A.D. 27 
 
 (April). 
 
 An. set. 
 
 31. 
 
 After feeding the Five Thousand, 
 At even He sends the XII in a boat 
 
 from the E. coast to Bethsaida on the W., 
 and at the 4th watch of night He comes to them, 
 walking on the water : 
 They confess Him to be " the Son of God." 
 Next Day, Nisan 15th \ He teaches at Capernaum in 
 the Synagogue ; 
 speaking of Himself as the Bread of Life ; 
 and though not attacked ^, is hardly believed by the 
 
 people ; 
 but the Apostles, by St. Peter, confess Him again 
 to be "the Son of God." 
 
 1 Cf. Levit. xxiii. 6, 7. 
 
 2 His enemies from Jerusalem were probably there at this 
 time, for the Passover. 
 
 St. Matt. xiv. 22 
 —33. 
 
 St. J. vi. 22— 
 71. 
 
THE MINISTRY IN NORTHERN GALILEE. 
 
 25 
 
 A.D. 27 
 
 {April). 
 
 Au. set. 
 
 31. 
 
 During some days, on the Plain of Gennesaret, He 
 heals many sick. 
 Thence He returns to Capernaum. 
 His enemies' accuse His disciples of unwashen hands. 
 
 He leaves Capernaum,- — not now, as before ^ praying 
 
 Him to stay, — 
 
 for the borders of Tyre and Sidon : 
 
 He there heals the Daughter of the Syro-Phoenician 
 
 Woman. 
 
 Thence He goes to Decapolis, semi-Grecized in popula- 
 tion, 
 whither His fame had preceded Him. 
 There He heals the Deaf ^ and (almost) Dumb Man ; 
 
 and many others : 
 He feeds the Four Thousand, chiefly a Gentile multi- 
 tude, 
 near the same place as the Five Thousand. 
 
 Thence He crosses to Magdala, on W. coast : 
 
 3 His enemies were now, it would seem, returned from 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 4 Cf. supra, Part III. p. 21, and St. L. iv. 42. 
 
 ^ Both miracles were wrought very gradually, and with a 
 solemn injunction of silence. In these semi-heathen districts 
 only few miracles are recorded. This partial and gradual mani- 
 festation of the Saviour's power may be accounted for by the 
 want of receptivity on the part of the people. Cf. St. Matt. xiii. 
 58, where what is said of Xazareth applies, as a general principle, 
 to other places. 
 
 St. Matt.xiv.35, 
 36. 
 
 St. Mk. vii. 1— 
 23. 
 
 St. Matt. XV. 21 
 —28. 
 
 St. Mk. vii. 3] 
 —37. 
 
26 
 
 THE MINISTRY IN NORTHERN GALILEE. 
 
 A.D. 27. 
 
 the Pharisees ask for a siffn : 
 
 
 Au. ait. 
 31. 
 
 He warns the disciples against the Leaven of the 
 
 
 
 Pharisees. 
 
 St. Matt. XV. 32 
 — xvi. 12. 
 
 
 He goes to Bethsaida Julias, on N.E. coast ; 
 
 
 
 and there heals the Blind ^ Man. 
 
 St. Mk. viii. 22 
 —26. 
 
 
 He goes to Caesarea Philippi ; 
 
 
 
 confirms the Apostolic confession of faith, again 
 
 
 
 made by St. Peter ; 
 
 
 
 and foretells, for the first time. His Passion, 
 
 
 
 and the self-denial required of His followers. 
 
 
 
 After 6 days He retires, with the Three great Apostles 
 
 
 
 to Mount Tabor, o?^ Mount Hermon, 
 
 St. Matt. xvi. 
 
 
 and there is transfigured. 
 
 13— xvii. 8. 
 
 
 [Next day] He heals the Demoniac Boy. 
 
 [St. L. ix. 37.] 
 
 
 Thence He returns, for retirement, towards Capernaum ; 
 
 
 
 and foretells again His Passion. 
 
 St. Mk. ix. 9— 
 32. 
 
 (Oct.) 
 
 At Capernaum He provides the half-shekel' for the 
 
 Temple ; 
 
 
 
 and [in the house] reproves^ pride in the Apostles, 
 
 [St. Mk. ix. 33.] 
 
 
 by setting a little child in the midst, 
 
 
 
 and by the Parables of " the Lost Sheep," " the 
 
 
 
 Debtor," &c. 
 
 St. Matt. xvii. 24 
 — xviii. 35. 
 
 
 6 See note ^, p. 25. 
 
 
 
 ' Apparently collected some months after the proper time. 
 
 
 
 See EUicott, p. 229. 
 
 
 
 s Cf. St. L. ix. 49, 50. 
 
 
PART V. 
 
 THE THREE JOURNEYINGS TOWARDS JERUSALEM. 
 
 IN GALILEE, JUD^A, AND PER^A. PERIOD OF ABOUT 6 MONTHS. (CHIEFLY 
 
 FROM ST. LUKE.) 
 
 A.D. 27 
 
 {Oct.). 
 
 An. aet. 
 
 31. 
 
 FIRST JOURNEY. 
 
 He leaves Capernaum ; but privately^ ; not with the 
 
 multitude. 
 In passing through Samaria, now^ offended at Him, 
 He reproves the " Sons of Thuncl.er ;" 
 finds few of the Samaritans ready to follow 
 Him. 
 
 He arrives at Jerusalem : 
 
 and teaches in the Temple during the Feast of 
 Tabernacles. 
 
 ^ St. J. vii. 8, OvK ava^aivQ}, the more probable reading, is 
 equivalent to the received version ovttu avafiaiuo), and implies no 
 more than " I go not up at present, nor in the manner suggested." 
 
 2 Probably now the Samaritans were jealous of His hastening 
 through their country to the Feast at Jerusalem ; cf. St. J. iv. 
 40 ; supra. Part II. p. 18. 
 
 St. J. vii. 2—13. 
 
 St. L. ix. 51 - 
 62. 
 
THE THREE JOUKNEYINGS TOWARDS JERUSALEM. 
 
 On the last day of the Feast, in the Temple Court, 
 
 He speaks of Himself as the " Living Water." 
 
 In the Council, the Officers excuse themselves for not 
 
 seizing Him ; 
 
 and Nicodemus pleads for Him. 
 
 He speaks of Himself as the " Light of the World ;" 
 
 and the Jews take up stones^. 
 On the next Sabbath He heals the Man born blind : 
 and speaks of Himself as the "Good Shepherd." 
 
 He retires to other parts of Judaea * ; 
 sends the LXX ; 
 speaks the Parable of the " Good Samaritan ;" 
 visits the house of Mary and Martha at Bethany^; 
 teaches the disciples how to pray ; 
 heals the dumb Demoniac, and is blasphemed ; 
 in the house of a Pharisee, and"! denounces the 
 afterwards among the people,/ Pharisees. 
 He speaks the Parables of the " Rich Fool," the 
 
 " Servants waiting for their Lord," &c. ; 
 
 on a Sabbath, in a Synagogue, heals the Woman bowed 
 
 by Infii-mity. 
 
 3 St. J. viii. 59, ^pav \ldovs, compare this with the more deli- 
 berate act in X. 31, ifida-raffav XlOovs. See p. 29. (Ellicott.) 
 
 '' Cf. St. L. X. 38, where Bethany occurs in connexion with 
 this journey ; cf. also Ellicott, p. 256. 
 
 5 The notes of time and place in this journey are less clear than 
 usual in St. Luke ; cf. xi. 1. 
 
 St. J. vii. 14- 
 53. 
 
 St. J. viii. 12- 
 X. 21. 
 
 St. L. x. 1- 
 21. 
 

 THE THREE JOURNEYING S TOAYARDS JERUSALEM. 
 
 29 
 
 A.D. 27 
 
 He returns to Jerusalem, for the Feast of Dedication® ; 
 
 
 (Oct.). 
 An. a3t. 
 
 In Solomon's Porch speaks of Himself as the Son of 
 
 
 31. 
 
 God: 
 is attacked more deliberately than before by the Jews, 
 with stones. 
 
 
 (Dec.) 
 
 He retires into Persea ; to Bethabara, and Bethany 
 
 
 
 near Jordan. 
 
 St. J. X. 22—42. 
 
 
 SECOND JOURNEY. 
 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 After o ^ weeks near Jordan, 
 
 
 (Feb.). 
 An. set. 
 
 He sets oiF through Peraea for Jerusalem : 
 
 
 32. 
 
 on the way answers the question, " Are there few 
 that be saved ?" 
 and sends answer to Herod Antipas ^ ; saying. 
 
 
 
 " On the third ^ day I am perfected." 
 
 St. L. xiii. 22— 
 
 St 
 
 
 He receives tidings of Lazarus' illness ; 
 
 oo. 
 
 
 (yet stays for 2 more days in Peraga). 
 
 St. J. xi. 1— G. 
 
 
 Next day, Sabbath, at the house of a Pharisee, 
 
 
 
 He heals the Man with Dropsy ; 
 
 
 
 and speaks the Parable of the " Great Supper." 
 
 
 
 6 A Festival not commanded m the Law of Moses, but insti- 
 
 
 
 tuted by Judas Maccabasus. 
 
 
 
 7 See EUicott, p. 245, u. 1. 
 
 
 
 * Cf. St. L. ix. 7 — 9 : showing Herod's perplexity and alarm 
 
 
 
 about Christ. 
 
 
 
 3 Cf. St. J. xi. 7, for then was commenced the journey, which. 
 
 
 
 "though recommenced from Ephrem, was the last made actually 
 
 
 
 to Jerusalem," — the journey consummated on Golgotha. 
 
 
 
 Ellicott; p. 264. 
 
 
THE THREE JOUKNETINGS TOWARDS JERUSALEM. 
 
 Afterwards, among the people He speaks the Parables 
 of the "Lost Sheep," "Lost Coin," " Prodigal Son," 
 " Unjust Steward," " Dives and Lazarus," &c. 
 
 Next day He leaves Persea for Bethany^ ; 
 during 2 next days is journeying ; 
 On next day He arrives at Bethany ; 
 
 and raises Lazarus, having been 4 days dead. 
 The Pharisees conspire against Him. 
 He retires to Ephrem (Ophrah^), on the borders of 
 Judaea and Samaria. 
 
 THIRD JOURNEY. 
 
 He goes from Ephrem to Jerusalem circuitously 
 through Samaria and Galilee : 
 He heals the Ten Lepers. 
 He speaks (in reply to the question of the Pharisees, 
 "When shall the Kingdom of God come ?"), 
 
 the Parables of f^ " ^"J"'* ^'"^'''" ^"^ 
 
 (_the "Pharisee and Publican." 
 
 He crosses the Jordan into Peraea again ; 
 
 answers the Pharisees about Divorce^ ; 
 
 blesses the little children ; 
 admonishes the Rich young man : 
 
 ^ About 23 miles distant. 
 
 2 About 20 miles distant. 
 
 3 Their question was intended to provoke Herod Antipas, ruler 
 of that district, against Christ. 
 
 St. L. xiv. 1— 
 xvii. 10. 
 
 St. J. xi. 7—57. 
 
 St. L. xvii. 11- 
 xviii. 14. 
 
THE THREE JOURNEYINGS TOWARDS JERUSALEM. 
 
 31 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 {March). 
 
 An. set. 
 
 32. 
 
 {April). 
 
 In reply to St. Peter's question about the reward of 
 
 the faithful, 
 
 speaks the Parable of the "Labourers in the Vineyard." 
 
 He goes towards Jerusalem, leading His disciples ; 
 speaks privately to them of His coming Death ; 
 and corrects the prayer of the mother of St. James 
 and St. John. 
 Entering Jericho, He heals a Blind Man ; 
 
 passing through Jericho, He blesses ZacchjBus ; 
 and, leaving the city, heals Bartimseus [and 
 another]. 
 In reply to the expectation 
 that the Kingdom of God would be manifested im- 
 mediately. 
 He speaks the Parable of " the Pounds." 
 
 St. Matt. xix. 1 
 —XX. 16. 
 
 St. Mk. X. 32— 
 45. 
 
 St. L. xviii. 35 
 —xix. 10. 
 
 St. Mk. X. 46 
 
 —.52. 
 [St. Matt. XX. 
 
 30.] 
 
 St. L. xix. 11— 
 28. 
 
PART VI. 
 
 THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 IN OR NEAR JERUSALEM. PERIOD OF A WEEK. (fROM ALL THE 
 
 EVANGELISTS.) 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 (April). 
 
 Au. aet. 
 
 32. 
 
 Ou the 6th day before the Passover 
 
 He goes from Jericho to Bethany ; and there 
 on next day, Sabbath, at the house of Simon the Leper, 
 
 blesses Mary's ^ offering. 
 Judas negotiates with the rulers about betraying Him. 
 
 Next day (Palm Sunday) 
 
 He sets off for Jerusalem, 
 followed by disciples and many others ; 
 passing near Bethphage He sends forward two dis- 
 ciples for the colt, and riding, as in triumph, over 
 Mount Olivet, or by the south road, is met by 
 
 1 Probably not St. Mary Magdalene ; who made an oflfering, 
 similar yet differing in some circumstances, near Nain ; cf. St. L. 
 vii. 36 — 50, supra. Part III. p. 22. 
 
 St. J. xii. 1— £ 
 
 St. Mk. xiv. 10, 
 11. 
 

 THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 
 33 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 another multitude from Jerusalem with Palms and 
 
 
 
 (April). 
 An. set. 
 
 Hosannas. 
 
 St. J. xii. 
 14. 
 
 12- 
 
 32. 
 
 He weeps over Jerusalem : 
 
 St. L. xix. 
 44. 
 
 41— 
 
 
 Crossing the valley of Kedron, He passes through the 
 
 
 
 eastern gate of the City ; 
 
 
 
 
 at evening He enters the Temple ; 
 
 
 
 
 and thence, after looking round on all things, 
 
 
 
 
 He returns to Bethany. 
 
 
 
 
 Next day (Monday in Holy Week) 
 
 
 
 
 He goes with the XII to Jerusalem ; 
 
 
 
 
 on the way He warns them by the sentence on the 
 
 
 
 
 Barren Fig-tree ; 
 
 
 
 
 He enters and cleanses the Temple ; 
 
 St. Mk. xi 
 ift 
 
 11— 
 
 
 in the Temple-Courts heals the blind and lame, 
 
 lO. 
 
 
 
 and receives the Hosannas of the Children ; 
 
 
 
 
 at evening He returns to Bethany. 
 
 St. Matt. xxi. U 
 -17. 
 
 
 Next day (Tuesday) 
 
 
 
 
 He goes with the XII, very early, to Jerusalem ; 
 
 
 
 
 and on the way teaches faith from the Withered 
 
 
 
 
 Fig-tree. 
 
 St. Mk. xi 
 
 20— 
 
 
 In the Temple-Courts He answers the deputations 
 
 26. 
 
 
 
 from the Sanhedrim, 
 
 
 
 
 who ask questions ^ 
 
 
 
 
 2 These questions are (1) personal, (2) political, (3) theological, 
 
 
 
 
 (4) moral. 
 
 C 
 
 
 
34 
 
 THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 •l 
 
 (1) of His authority^, proposed by the Pharisees. 
 
 (2) of paying Tribute, proposed by the Herodians 
 
 (3) of the Resurrection, proposed") ^ , , 
 
 by the J 
 
 (4) of the Woman taken in Adul-1 ^, 
 
 ^ ^ I Pharisees, 
 
 tery, proposed by the J 
 
 He answers the Scribe's question of the Great 
 
 Commandments, 
 
 and silences finally the Pharisees by the question 
 
 about David's Son, 
 
 and by stern denunciations. 
 
 He blesses the Widow's Two Mites ; 
 
 and instructs the Greeks brought to Him by St. Philip. 
 
 A Voice is heard from Heaven. 
 
 At evening, leaving the Temple, He foretells its fall, 
 
 and, on Mount Olivet, foretells 
 
 f The Fall of Jerusalem, ~| * 
 
 1^ and the End of the World J' 
 
 by the Parables of " the Virgins," " the Talents," 
 
 and " the Sheep and the Goats ;" 
 
 and thence returns to Bethany. 
 
 ^ This question is answered by a counter-question, concerning 
 St. John Baptist, and by the Parables, all significant of Phari- 
 saism, of "the Two Sons," "the Wicked Husbandman," and 
 " the Wedding Feast," which last is distinct from " the Great 
 Supper" in St. L. xiv. 15 — 24, supra. Part V. p. 25. 
 
 * These events, the primary and final fulfilment of the pro- 
 phecy, are inseparably connected in His words, with Whom " a 
 thousand years are as one day." 
 
 St. Matt. xxi. 23 
 — xxii. 33, 
 
 St. J.viii.a— 11. 
 
 St. Mk. 
 —34. 
 
 xii. 28 
 
 St. Matt. xxii. 41 
 — xxiii. 39. 
 
 St. Mk. xii. 41 
 —44. 
 
 St. J. 
 36. 
 
 20- 
 
 St. Matt. xxiv. 1 
 — xxvi. 2. 
 
THE IIULY WEEK. 
 
 35 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 (April). 
 
 An. set. 
 
 32. 
 
 Next day (Wednesday) 
 
 He stays in retirement at Bethany ; 
 while Judas bargains to betray Him. 
 
 Next day (Thursday) 
 
 He sends St. Peter and St. John to prepare the 
 Passover. 
 At evening (commencement, by Jewish reckoning, of 
 Nisau 14^), 
 in the Upper Room at Jerusalem, 
 He washes the feet of the XII, 
 and foretells His betrayal. 
 He sits down with the XII to the Last Supper, His 
 Paschal Feast. 
 He institutes the Holy Eucharist \ 
 At nightfall Judas is indicated as the Traitor, 
 
 and goes out into the darkness. 
 
 He warns the XI, and St. Peter in particular. 
 
 He speaks His Last Discourse to them. 
 
 After the Hymn, He ripes, with the XI, to go forth 
 towards Mount Olivet, 
 
 5 On this day, Nisan 14, the Paschal Lamb was killed for tlie 
 Passover on the 15th. Thus Christ was anticipating the lefal 
 time for the Passover by twenty-four hours. Cf. Ellicott, p. 322 
 
 ^ It is important to distinguish St. L. xxii. 19, 20, from vv 
 17, 18, which relate a previous incident, irrelevant to the Institu- 
 tion of the Holy Communion. 
 
 C 3 
 
 .'^t. L. xxii. 1 — 
 1.1 
 
 .St.J.xiii.2— 20. 
 
 St. L. xxii. 14— 
 18. 
 
 St. L. xxii. 19, 
 20. 
 
 St. .T. xiii. 21- 
 30. 
 
 St. L. xxii. 24— 
 38. 
 
 St. .7. xiv. 1 — 
 31. 
 
36 
 
 THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 A.D, 28 
 
 {April). 
 
 and warns St. Peter again. 
 On the way He resumes His Last Discourse. 
 
 St. Mk, xiv. 26- 
 -31. 
 
 St. J. XV. 1— 
 
 An. set. 
 32. 
 
 In Gethsemane ^ He undergoes the Agony ; 
 
 xvii. 26. 
 
 
 He is betrayed, 
 
 and, after heaHng Malchus' ear, taken ; 
 
 He is forsaken by the XI, and by the young man 
 
 St. Matt. xxvi. 
 36—36. 
 
 St. L. xxii. 49— 
 51. 
 
 
 following. 
 
 St. Mk. xiv. 50 
 
 
 He is led to the House of Annas 
 
 —52. 
 
 
 (Ex-High Priest, and father-in-law of Caiaphas, the 
 
 
 
 present High Priest), 
 
 
 
 followed by St. Peter, and St. John, [at a distance] 
 
 [St. L. xxii. 54.] 
 
 
 now returning from their flight. 
 
 
 
 On the next day (Good Friday), Nisan 14, 
 
 
 
 in the House of Annas, 
 
 
 
 about 3 A.M. He is examined informally ; 
 
 
 
 is insulted by the bystanders. 
 
 
 
 and denied by St. Peter thrice, 
 
 
 
 (1) in the Porch; 
 
 
 
 (2) by the fii-e ; 
 [(3) in the Court]. 
 
 [St. Matt. xxvi. 
 73, 74.] 
 
 
 Thence He is led to the House, adjoining, of Caiaphas, 
 
 St. J. xviii. 12— 
 
 27. 
 
 
 there is examined by the Council ; 
 and insulted again. 
 
 St. Mk. xiv. 55 
 —65. 
 
 
 Judas destroys himself. 
 
 St. Matt, xxvii. 
 3—10. 
 
 
 ' 7 The Garden of Gethsemane was on the slope of Mount Olivet, 
 
 
 
 '■■ E. of Jerusalem. 
 
 
THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 (April). 
 
 An. set. 
 
 32. 
 
 About 6 A.M., 
 
 He is led to Pilate, residing in "Herod's Palace :" 
 is accused before Pilate, at the Gates, by the Jews, 
 
 [but answers them not] : 
 He is summoned by Pilate into the Courtyard^ ; 
 and is there examined, of His being a King, by Pilate, 
 who, coming out to the Jews, pronounces Him inno- 
 cent. 
 
 He is sent by Pilate to Herod Antipas. 
 
 After being insulted there. 
 He is sent back into Pilate's Courtyard ; 
 who, coming to the Gates, proposes to the Council 
 to chastise and release Him. 
 On their refusal Pilate appeals to the people, and takes 
 his seat on the Judgment-seat, placed on Gabbatha*; 
 he is warned by his Wife of her dream ; 
 he proposes to the people to release one prisoner, 
 but they choose Barabbas. 
 Pilate washes his hands, 
 but delivers Christ to the soldiers ; 
 by whom He is scourged, mocked, 
 wrapt in a soldier's cloak, 
 crowned with thorns : 
 
 8 It was used for the administration of Justice, 
 ner, sub voce, irpancjopiov and avK-t]. 
 
 8 The Pavement in front of Herod's Palace. 
 
 Cf. Schleus- 
 
 (St. Matt, xxvii. 
 12-U.j 
 
 St. .T, xviii. 28— 
 
 St. L. xxiii. 5 — 
 1 . 
 
 St. Matt, xxvii. 
 15—30. 
 
THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 He is thr.s presented to the people by Pilate 
 saying, " Behold the Man ! " 
 
 He is again taken into the Courtyard, 
 
 and there again examined by Pilate, 
 
 who then makes a last appeal to the people, 
 
 taking his seat again on the throne, 
 
 and again presenting Christ to them, 
 
 saying, " Behold your King ! " 
 
 But, fearing Caesar, Pilate delivers Him finally to the 
 
 soldiers, 
 
 now wearing His own garments, 
 
 to be led away to Calvary'. 
 
 Thither He bears His Cross [till exhausted]. 
 There, between two [robbers], 
 They^ Crucify Him, 
 St. John and the Three Maries stand by the Cross. 
 
 At 9 A.M. (3rd hour). 
 
 He refuses ^ the stupefying potion ; 
 His garments are divided ; 
 
 ' A low hill, otherwise called Golgotha, on W. of the city, out- 
 side the walls. 
 
 2 It is uncertain whether Christ was nailed to the Cross before 
 it was placed in the ground, or afterwards. Cf. Andrews, p. 460. 
 
 3 " The offering of vinegar mingled with gall seems to have 
 been before the nailing to the Cross." Andrews, p. 461. 
 
 [St. Matt.xxvii. 
 31.] 
 
 [St. Matt, xxvii. 
 
 32.1 
 [St. Mk. XV. 27.] 
 
 St. J. xix. 4 -25. 
 
THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 39 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 (April). 
 
 An. set. 
 
 32. 
 
 He is insulted by the people ; 
 and by one of the robbers. 
 
 His words on the Cross : 
 
 1 . " Father, forgive them." 
 
 2. " To-day thou shalt be with Me," &c. 
 
 3. " Son, behold thy Mother," &c. 
 
 At midday (6th hour) a great darkness falls on the 
 
 earth. 
 
 His words on the Cross : 
 
 4. "Elio, Elio," &c. 
 
 5. " I thirst." 
 
 6. "It is finished." 
 
 7. " Father, into Thy Hands," &c. 
 
 He gives np the ghost. 
 At 3 P.M. (9th hour), 
 
 the earth quakes ; 
 
 the Veil of the Temple is rent ; 
 
 the graves are opened ; 
 
 the Centurion and his men bear witness 
 
 that " He was the Son of God." 
 
 His Side is pierced by the Spear. 
 
 At 6 P.M., 
 
 Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus 
 
 St. Matt, x.wii. 
 
 34—43. 
 St. L. xxiii. 39 
 
 —43. 
 
 St. L(. xxiii. 34. 
 
 St. L. xxiii. 43. 
 
 St. J. xix. 25- 
 27. 
 
 St. Mk. XV. 33 
 
 —35. 
 
 St. J. xix. 28— 
 30. 
 
 St. L. xxiii. 46. 
 
 St. Matt, xxvii. 
 51—54. 
 
40 
 
 THE HOLY WEEK. 
 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 (April). 
 
 obtain from Pilate the Sacred Body, 
 and lay It in the Tomb, in the Rock, 
 
 
 
 in the Garden near Calvary. 
 
 St. J. xix. 31— 
 
 
 St. Mary Magdalene and other devout women 
 
 42. 
 
 
 sit and watch by the Tomb ; 
 
 St. Matt, x-tvii. 
 
 
 and thence return to the city to buy spices and unguents 
 
 ol. 
 
 
 for the rites of sepulture. 
 
 St. L. xxiii. 56. 
 
 
 Pilate, at the request of Sanhedrim, sets soldiers 
 
 
 
 to watch by the Tomb. 
 
 St. Matt, xxvii. 
 62- 66. 
 
 
 Next day (Easter Eve), Nisan loth. Day of Passover, 
 
 
 
 all rest. 
 
 St. L. xxiii. 56. 
 
PART YII. 
 
 THE GREAT FORTY DAYS. 
 
 IN OR NEAR JERUSALEM. PERIOD OF 40 DAYS. (fROM ALL THE 
 
 
 EVANGELISTS.) 
 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 (April). 
 
 On the next day (Easter Day), 
 
 before the dawn 
 He rises. 
 
 
 
 [Very] early in the morning the holy women, 
 
 St. Mary Magdalene, Mary, wife of Cleophas, and 
 
 others, 
 
 [St. J. XX. 1.] 
 
 
 set off for the Tomb. 
 
 
 
 While they are yet far from it, 
 the Angel descends to roll away the stone ; 
 
 
 
 the earth quakes ; 
 the soldiers fly : 
 
 St. Matt, xxviii. 
 1—4. 
 
 [St. L. xxiv. 4.] 
 
 
 when nearer they see the Tomb opened ; 
 they enter it, and see [two] Angels, 
 
 
 who announce "He is risen" and will be 
 
 
42 
 
 THE GREAT FORTY DAYS. 
 
 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 with the Brethren in Galilee. 
 
 St. Mk. 
 
 xvi. 3 
 
 (April). 
 
 St. Maiy Magdalene hastens back to tell St. Peter and 
 
 —8. 
 
 
 
 St. John, 
 
 St. J. XX 
 
 .2. 
 
 
 while the others [speaking to none on the way], 
 
 [St. Mk. 
 
 xvi. 8.] 
 
 
 return to tell the other Apostles, 
 
 
 
 
 who believe not their story. 
 
 St. L. xxiv. 9- 
 11. 
 
 
 St. Peter and St. John come to the Tomb ; 
 
 
 
 
 St. Peter enters first ; 
 
 
 
 
 they see the Graveclothes laid in order ; 
 
 
 
 
 they believe ; 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 and go and tell the other Apostles. 
 
 
 
 
 St. Mary Magdalene, having followed the two Apostles, 
 
 
 
 
 enters now the Tomb ; 
 
 
 
 
 sees the two Angels watching. 
 
 
 
 
 [His 1st appearance] 
 
 
 
 
 Turning from them she beholds Him, 
 
 
 
 
 but knows Him not till addressed by her name : 
 
 
 
 
 He charges her to tell " the Brethren ^ " 
 
 
 
 
 of His coming Ascension : 
 
 St. J. XX 
 
 .3—18. 
 
 
 but they believe not that He is indeed risen. 
 
 
 
 
 and has been seen. 
 
 St. Mk. 
 
 xvi. 11. 
 
 
 [His 2nd appearance] 
 
 
 
 
 He is seen by the other women, 
 
 
 
 
 ^ The message (in both cases) was apparently for all the 
 
 
 
 
 Church, not for the XI only. 
 
 
 

 THE GREAT FORTY DAYS. 
 
 
 43 
 
 A.D. 28 
 
 probably^ returning to the Tomb, 
 
 
 
 {April). 
 
 and charges them also to tell the Brethren', 
 
 
 
 
 that He will show Himself in Galilee. 
 
 St. Matt 
 9, 10. 
 
 xxviii. 
 
 
 In the afternoon 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 [His 3rd appearance] 
 
 
 
 
 He is seen by the Two Disciples 
 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 on their way to Emmaus, about 7 miles N.W. of 
 
 
 
 
 > Jerusalem ; 
 
 
 
 
 they return and tell the XI, 
 
 
 
 
 who reply that meantime 
 
 
 
 
 [His 4th appearance] 
 
 
 
 
 He has been seen by St. Peter ; 
 
 St. L. xxiv. is! 
 
 
 and yet doubt of His being risen in the Body. 
 
 —35. 
 St. Mk. 
 
 1 
 xvi. 13. 
 
 
 In the evening 
 
 
 
 
 [His 5th appearance] 
 
 
 
 
 He appears to the XI (St. Thomas being absent), 
 
 
 
 
 with others in the Upper Room ; 
 
 
 
 
 He gives to the Apostles * their Apostolic Commission ; 
 
 St. J. XX. 19— 
 
 
 and promises a further gift" of power from on high. 
 
 23. 
 St. L. xxiv. 44 
 —49. 
 
 
 2 The first part of St. Matt, xxviii. 9 is probably spurious. Cf. 
 
 
 
 
 Ellicott, p. 391. 
 
 
 
 
 ^ See note i, p. 42. 
 
 
 
 
 * There is nothing to show that the Commission was addressed 
 
 
 
 
 to the others who were present ; and the analogy of the faith is 
 
 
 
 
 against the supposition. 
 
 
 
 
 * The grace given was the ordinary grace of the ministerial 
 
 
 
 
 office : the gift promised was the extraordinary power conferred 
 
 
 
 
 on the Day of Pentecost. Cf. Acts ii. 1—13. 
 
 
 
THE GREAT FORTY DAYS. 
 
 On the Sunday following, at evening, 
 [His 6th appearance] 
 
 He appears to the XI in the Upper Room, 
 St. Thomas being there, 
 and confii^ms his faith. 
 
 Afterwards, by the Lake of Galilee, in the early 
 morning, 
 [His 7th appearance] 
 
 He appears to seven disciples, 
 St. Peter, St. John, St. James the Greater, 
 St. Thomas, St. Bartholomew, and two others, 
 giving remarkable fHis Divinity and "| 
 
 proofs of [^ His Humanity J ' 
 
 and charging St. Peter to feed His Lambs. 
 
 Afterwards in Galilee, 
 [His 8th appearance] 
 
 He appears toj'on Mount Tabor probably, or^ 
 the ^ XI l^on the Mount of Beatitudes j 
 charging them to baptize all nations. 
 
 s On this occasion, according to Ellicott and Andrews, the 
 "more than 500 brethren" (1 Cor. xv. 6) were present, and 
 some of them doubted. But this doubt or perplexity may only 
 have been a momentary wonder at His changed and glorified 
 form. There may have been other occasions, during the 40 days, 
 on which He manifested Himself, which are not recorded. St. 
 Paul speaks of His appearing "to James,'* most probably St. 
 James the less, the first Bishop of Jerusalem (1 Cor. xv. 7. 
 
 St. J. XX. 24- 
 
 29. 
 
 St.J. xxi.l— 24. 
 
 St. Matt, xxviii. 
 
THE GREAT FORTY DAYS. 
 
 45 
 
 4 D. 28 From Galilee the Apostles return' to Jerusalem. 
 
 {^^(^I/)- Theuce, on the 40th day, 
 
 He leads them out to the district of Bethany, 
 to Mount Olivet. 
 Thence, after commanding them to wait in Jerusalem 
 for the promised gift of the Spirit, 
 and giving them His parting Blessing, 
 He ascends. 
 Two Angels appear to the XI, 
 and foretell that " He shall come again 
 in like manner as they have seen Him go into 
 Heaven." 
 
 AMHN, NAI EPXOY KYPTE IH20Y! 
 
 7 This is implied by St. Luke xxiv. 50. 52, and by the com- 
 mand of Christ (St. Luke xxiv. 49, supra Part VII. p. 43), and 
 was probably for the Feast of Pentecost. 
 
 St. L. xxiv. 50. 
 
 Acts i. 4-8. 
 
 St. L. xxiv. 50, 
 5L 
 
 Actsi. 10, 11. 
 
OCCURRENCES DISTINCT THOUGH SIMILAR. 
 
 PAGES 
 
 St. John's Testimony to Christ, twice given 17 
 
 TheHealiugof the Nobleman's Son, and of the Centurion's Servant 18. 22 
 
 The Four Apostles thrice called 17. 20. 21 
 
 The Healing of the Leper, and of the Ten Lepers 21. 30 
 
 The Two Sermons, on the Mount and on the Plain 22 
 
 The precious Ointment twice offered 22. 32 
 
 The feeding; of the Five Thousand and of the Four Thousand . 23. 25 
 
 The Apostolic confession of Faith thrice made 24. 26 
 
 Christ thrice foretells His Passion 26. 31 
 
 The Healing of the Dumb Demoniac, and of one Blind and Dumb 28. 22 
 
 Christ is twice attacked with stones in the Temple 28. 29 
 
 Christ twice blesses little children 26. 30 
 
 The Parables of the Labourers in the Vineyard and of the Wicked 
 
 Husbandman • 31. 34 
 
 The Healing of a Blind Man, and of two Blind Men near Jericho 31 
 
 The Parables of the Great Supper and of the Wedding Feast . 29. 34 
 
 The Parables of the Pounds and of the Talents 31. 34 
 
 Judas twice bargains with the Council to betray Christ . . . 32. 35 
 
 The Parable of the Lost Sheep, twice spoken 26. 30 
 
 Christ twice cleanses the Temple 17. 33 
 
 Christ twice warns St. Peter of the Denial 35. 36 
 
 Christ twice foretells His betrayal by Judas 35 
 
 Christ is twice examined before the Council 36 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Agony in the Garden, The 
 Annunciation, The. A.U.C. 
 Apostolic Commission, 
 
 The 
 
 Apostles' Confession . . 
 Appearances of Christ 
 
 after the Resurrection 
 
 Ascension, The . . . . 
 
 Attempts of the Jews to 
 
 stone Christ . . . . 
 
 Baptism of Christ . . . 
 
 Barren fig-tree. The . . 
 
 Blessing little children. . 
 
 Blind Bartimeus healed . 
 
 Blind and dumb demoniac 
 healed at Capernaum . 
 
 Blind man healed at Beth- 
 saida Julias . . . . 
 
 Blind man healed at Je- 
 richo 
 
 Bread of life. The . . . 
 
 Calling of St. Matthew . 
 
 Calling of the four fisher- 
 men 
 
 Centurion's servant heal- 
 ed ...... . 
 
 Charge to baptize all na- 
 tions 
 
 Charge to St. Peter to 
 feed Christ's lambs 
 
 Choosing of the twelve . 
 
 Christ foretells His pas- 
 sion twice .... 
 
 Clu-ist foretells His com- 
 ing death 
 
 Circumcision, The.A.U.C. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 28 April 
 
 36 
 
 749 Mar. 
 
 13 
 
 28 April 
 
 43 
 
 27 April 
 
 24 
 
 28 April 
 
 41 
 
 and 
 
 to 
 
 May 
 
 45 
 
 28 May 
 
 45 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 & 
 
 
 29 
 
 26 Jan. 
 
 16 
 
 28 April 
 
 33 
 
 28 March 
 
 30 
 
 28 March 
 
 31 
 
 27 AprU 
 
 22 
 
 27 April 
 
 26 
 
 28 March 
 
 31 
 
 27 April 
 
 24 
 
 27 April 
 
 21 
 
 27 March 
 
 20 
 
 27 April 
 
 22 
 
 28 May 
 
 44 
 
 28 May 
 
 44 
 
 27 April 
 
 22 
 
 27 April 
 
 26 
 
 28 March 
 
 31 
 
 719 Dec. 
 
 14 
 
 Cleansing of the Temple . 
 
 Cleansing of the Temple . 
 
 Crucifixion, The . . . 
 
 Deaf, and (almost) dumb 
 man healed . . . . 
 
 Debtor, Parable of the . 
 
 Demoniac at Capernaum 
 healed 
 
 Demoniac boy healed . . 
 
 Denial of St. Peter . . 
 
 Denunciation of the 
 Pharisees 
 
 Disciples accused of eating 
 with unwashen hands . 
 
 Discourse with Nicodemus 
 
 Discourse with the wo- 
 man of Samaria . . 
 
 Discourse with the doc- 
 tors in the Temple . . 
 
 Dives and Lazarus, Para- 
 ble of 
 
 Dumb demoniac healed 
 at Bethany .... 
 
 End of the world fore- 
 told 
 
 Entry into Jerusalem . . 
 
 Fall of Jerusalem foretold 
 
 Fall of the Temple fore- 
 told 
 
 Feeding of the five thou- 
 sand . . . ... 
 
 Feeding of the four thou- 
 sand 
 
 Flight into Egypt A.U.C. 
 
 Good Samaritan, Parable 
 of the 
 
 Good Shepherd, Th,' . . 
 
 Great Supper, Parable of 
 the 
 
 A.D. 
 
 26 April 
 28 April 
 28 April 
 
 27 April 
 27 Oct. 
 
 27 March 
 
 27 April 
 
 28 April 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 27 April 
 26 April 
 
 26 Dec. 
 8 April 
 
 28 Feb. 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 April 
 28 AprQ 
 28 April 
 
 28 April 
 
 27 April 
 
 27 April 
 750 Feb. 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 Feb. 
 
48 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 Impotent man healed at 
 the Pool of Bethesda . 
 
 Imprisonment of St. John 
 Baptist 
 
 Jairus' daughter raised . 
 
 Labourers in the vine- 
 yard, Parable of . . 
 
 Last Supper, The . . . 
 
 Lazarus raised .... 
 
 Light of the world. The . 
 
 Living water, The . • 
 
 Lost coin. Parable of the 
 
 Lost sheep. Parable of the 
 
 Magnificat, The A.U.C. 
 
 Man born blind healed . 
 
 Man with dropsy healed . 
 
 Marriage feast at Cana . 
 
 Messengers sent by St. 
 John Baptist . . . 
 
 Miraculous di-aught of 
 fishes 
 
 Murder of the Innocents 
 A.U.C. 
 
 Nativity, The . A.U.C. 
 
 Nobleman's son healed . 
 
 Offering of St. Mary Mag- 
 dalene 
 
 Palsied man healed at 
 Capernaum .... 
 
 Pharisee and publican, 
 Parable of the . . . 
 
 Pounds, Parable of the . 
 
 Preliminary calling of 
 the Apostles . . . . 
 
 Presentation of Christ in 
 the Temple . A.U.C. 
 
 Prodigal son. Parable of 
 the 
 
 Purification of the Blessed 
 Virgin . . . A.U.C. 
 
 Questions of Christ's au- 
 thority : — 
 
 27 March 18 
 
 26 Dec. 
 
 27 AprH 
 
 28 March 
 28 April 
 28 Feb. 
 27 Oct. 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 Feb. 
 
 27 Oct. & 
 
 28 Feb. 
 749 
 
 March 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 Feb. 
 
 26 April 
 
 27 April 
 27 March 
 
 750 Feb. 
 
 749 Dec. 
 
 26 Dec. 
 
 27 April 
 
 27 April 
 
 28 March 
 28 AprU 
 
 26 April 
 
 750 Feb. 
 28 Feb. 
 750 Feb. 
 
 18 
 23 
 
 31 
 35 
 30 
 
 28 
 28 
 30 
 26 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 28 
 29 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 30 
 14 
 
 of paying tribute 
 of the resurrection 
 of the woman taken 
 
 in adultery .... 
 Rebuking of the wind 
 
 and the waves . . . 
 Reproof of the "sons of 
 
 thunder" 
 
 Resurrection, The . . . 
 Rich young man . . . 
 Rich fool. Parable of the . 
 Salutation, The . A.U.C. 
 St. Peter's wife's mother 
 
 healed 
 
 Sermon on the Mount"! 
 Sermon on the Plain j 
 Seventy disciples sent. 
 
 The 
 
 Sheep and goats. Parable 
 
 of the 
 
 Sower, Parable of the 
 Syro-Phenician woman's 
 
 daughter healed . . 
 Talents, Parable of the . 
 Teaches the disciples to 
 
 pray, Christ .... 
 Temptation, The . . . 
 Ten lepers healed . . 
 Testimony of St. John 
 
 Baptist at Mnon . . 
 Transfiguration, The . . 
 Tribute money,Christ pays 
 Two demoniacs healed 
 Unjust judge. Parable of 
 
 the 
 
 Unjust steward. Parable 
 
 of the 
 
 Virgins, Parable of the . 
 Visit of the Magi A.U.C. 
 Widow's son raised . . 
 Widow's two mites . . 
 Withered hand healed . 
 Woman bowed down by 
 
 infii-mity healed . . 
 
 A.D. 
 
 28 April 
 27 April 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 April 
 28 March 
 
 749 Mar. 
 
 27 March 
 27 April 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 April 
 27 April 
 
 27 April 
 
 28 April 
 
 27 Oct. 
 26 Jan. 
 
 28 March 
 
 26 April 
 
 27 April 
 
 27 April 
 
 28 March 
 
 28 Feb. 
 28 April 
 750 Feb. 
 
 27 April 
 
 28 April 
 27 April 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 28 
 
Lately published, in 8vo, price 75. Gd. 
 
 FAITH AND PHILOSOPHY: 
 
 n 
 
 ON SOME TENDENCIES OF THE DAY. 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. I. GREGORY SMITH, 
 
 RECTOR OF TEDSTONE-DELAMERE, 
 AND LATE FELLOW OF BRASENOSE COLLEGE, OXFORD. 
 
 LONDON: 
 LONGMANS AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
Faith and Philosophy. 
 
 PEEFACE. 
 
 These Essays will be found to bear more or less directly on questions 
 which aflPect the present position and prospects of the Church of England 
 very urgently. They are now revised and republished, having appeared 
 in various forms during the last ten years, in the hope that they may 
 contribute, however slightly, amid the pecuhar dangers and difficulties 
 of our day, to calm the fierceness of controversy and to indicate a sure 
 standing-ground for minds perplexed by the apparently, although not 
 really, conflicting claims of Faith and Reason. 
 

 
 Faith and Philosophy . 
 
 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 Modern Scepticism and some of its Fallacies, 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Fallacies on Progress. 
 
 
 3. 
 
 Revision of the Prayer Book. 
 
 
 4. 
 
 The Roman Question ; or, Church and State. 
 
 
 5. 
 
 Dr. Newman and the English Church. 
 
 
 6. 
 
 The School of Professor Kingsley. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 Wesley an Tendencies within the Church. 
 
 
 8. 
 
 Swedenborgian Tendencies within the Church. 
 
 
 9. 
 
 George Herbert a Representative of the English Church, 
 
 
 10. 
 
 Positivism. 
 
By the same Author. 
 
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