•^ 
 
 S. 
 
 PRINCETON, 3Sr. J. 
 
 SAe/f. 
 
 
jEmoR J^^STOR or 
 
 'rlAIE CHUnCH. 
 
A MANUAL 
 
 OP THE 
 
 ll^^rmd dfltujtlt In gim^rita. 
 
 BY 
 
 / 
 Er)^\^AIlD TANJORE ^CORWIN, 
 
 PASTOB AT MILLSTONE, N. J. 
 
 ^ECOND -^DITION, J^EVISED AND ENLARGED. 
 
 NEW- YORK : 
 
 Board of Publication of the Reforiied Church in America, 
 
 103 Fulton Street. 
 
 1869. 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1803, by 
 
 Eev. JOHN A. LANSING, 
 
 On bclialf of the Board of Publication of the Reformed Church in America, in the Clerk's 
 
 Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 
 Southern District of New- York. 
 
 S. W. Gbeen, Peinter, 
 16 and 18 Jacob Street, New-York. 
 

 
 PREFACE. 
 
 A DECADE of years lins passed since the first edition of this Manual was 
 published. In the mean time, frequent requests have been made fcr a 
 new and revised edition. It now appears, however, under an entirely new 
 arrangement, with much additional material. If it were interesting before to 
 have a book of reference, which showed the general changes of the ministry, 
 which gave a slight view of the churches, and a very succinct account of the 
 origin and development of the benevolent Boards ; it is believed it will not 
 be less interesting, in this volume, to find brief characterizations of many 
 of the worthy dead; a fuller view of the churches with their pas- 
 torates ; and a much more detailed account, not only of the origin and 
 prfigress of the Boards, but also of our Literary and Theological Insti- 
 tutions. To all this a General Historical Introduction has been prefixed, and 
 steel plates of several of our ministers have been added. Scattered tlirough 
 the work will be found the names of about one hundred ministers of the 
 last century, who are generally recognized as belonging to the German 
 branch of the Eeformed Church. They were, however, under the same 
 European judicatories as ourselves, until 1792, though biTt little intercourse 
 existed between us. This was owing chiefly to distance, and difference 
 cf language and origin. Brief sketches of Ursinus, Olevianus, and Guido 
 de Bres have also been added, on account of their relation to the symbols of 
 the Church. 
 
 In collecting the material, not only have the general histories and memo- 
 rial sermons been consulted, but circulars were sent to all the churches and 
 pastors, where printed matter did not already avail. These received very 
 general and kind responses. In the delineations of character, the ini- 
 Tials of the writers are frequently given. Not a few of the sketches, how- 
 ever, are condensations of articles which have appeared in the Magazine of 
 the Church, in Reviews, or in the Christian Intelligencer. The language of 
 these articles, or of memorial sermons or church histories, has been freely 
 used, abridged, or amplified, as was found expedient. For the knowledge of 
 the German ministers, the writer is chiefly indebted to HarUvgh's Fathers 
 (if the Reformed Church. 
 
 He would also take this opportunity of returning his thanks to the many 
 brethren who have kindly assisted him in the work. He is particularly in- 
 debted to the many articles which have from time to time appeared from the 
 pen of Eev. Dr. Thomas De Witt ; also to Rev. Charles Scott, for the loan of 
 the material he had collected concerning the alumni of the New-Brunswick 
 Seminary. He would return his thanks to the Collegiate Church of New- 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 York, and to the several individuals who have allowed him the use of the 
 steel plates belonging to them, and for other assistance ; and especially to 
 the sons of Dr. John Ludlow, to the daughters of Dr. Gosman, and to Cap- 
 tain J. M. WyckofF, of Millstone, for the new plates which they have kindly 
 had engraved expressly for this work. The writer regrets that Dr. Sprague's 
 interesting volume, which should be in the hands of all our ministry, did not 
 sooner appear. He was only able to condense a few lines from it concerning 
 Kevs. Moses Froeligh and Jeremiah Romeyn, as this work was going 
 through the press. He had failed to obtain any sketches of these men. No 
 doubt some errors will be noticed, but these are altogether inseparable from' 
 a book of this character. It is believed, however, that they will be compar- 
 atively few. The work is given to the public, hoping that it may subserve 
 the interests of religion, by increasing our knowledge of the progress and 
 development of the denomination, and leading to new and enlarged plans 
 of usefulness and liberality. 
 
 P. S.— We have learned while the book was in press that the efforts for 
 the increased endowment of the Seminary have already resulted in a gift 
 of $40,000 from James Suydam, Esq., of New- York. 
 
 MiLLSTONB, May, 1869. 
 
TABLE OF CONTE.NTS. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Historical Introduction, 1 
 
 Thb Ministry, [19 
 
 The Churches, 381 
 
 The Classes, 338 
 
 The Synods, 330 
 
 The Institutions : 
 
 Rutgers College, at New-Brunswick, N. J., 331 
 
 Hope College, at Holland, Mich., 848 
 
 Theological Seminary, at New-Brunswick, 350 
 
 Theological Seminary, at Holland, Mich., .... 304 
 The Boards: 
 
 Domestic Missions 809 
 
 Education, 375 
 
 Publication, 379 
 
 Foreign Missions, 379 
 
 The Widows' Fund, ... 393 
 

 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 COLLEGES. 
 
 ^ Q Amherst College. 
 
 p'y Columbia College. 
 
 ^^ J ..."'.'.. College of New-Jersey. 
 
 jj*^^ ' Dickinson College. 
 
 Ham C. . . . . . . . . . . . ■ . • ■ Hamilton College. 
 
 Hob. C. 
 
 .Hobart College. 
 
 ^'q " Hope College. 
 
 J p Jefferson College 
 
 Mid. C. 
 
 Middlebury College. 
 
 N-^^- I University of City of N.Y. 
 
 U.N.Y. i 
 
 Q.C. I Rutger3 CoUege, (Queen's.) 
 
 jjQ Union College. 
 
 ^' Pj^ " " • University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ■^f, Williams College. 
 
 W R C ... Western Reserve College. 
 
 y Q " Yale College. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 . g Andover Seminary. 
 
 2' jj g '.'. Associate Reformed Seminary, (Mason's. ) 
 
 Anb 8 . Auburn Seminary. 
 
 „Q Holland Seminary. 
 
 j,'g g Ne-w-Brunswick Seminary. 
 
 p g Princeton Seminary. 
 
 yj' g Union Seminary. 
 
 OTHER ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 B.orb Bo™- 
 
 Core Come. 
 
 Q, Classis. 
 
 . Died. 
 
 aep.' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." V'^^ Deposed. 
 
 L. or 1. or lie Licensed. 
 
 jjjgg Missionary. 
 
 jj-g New-Brunswick. 
 
 pj.gg^ ..!!....... Presbytery, or Presbyterian. 
 
 B. or 8.' .'.'.".'.'.' .'.'.'.'.'. Son. 
 
 .Suspended. 
 
 .Without pastoral charge. 
 
 S* Th, initials to many of the article, refer to ministers whose names an found in 
 the work. 
 
 Busp. 
 w. c. 
 
r 
 
THE REFORMED CHURCH 
 
 IN 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 HiSTORic^r^ iN"a?Ror>xjCTio]sr. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 TnE Protestants on the Continent of Europe were divided, in less tlian 
 a quarter of a century after the Reformation began, into two great divisions, 
 known by the names of the Lutherans and the Reformed. Each existed by 
 the side of the other, in the various nations where the Reformation extended, 
 and each represented a particular aspect of doctrine. The Reformed Church 
 had its origin in Switzerland, under Zwingle, and was more fully developed 
 by Calvin. It extended into the Palatinate, France, (where it soon reached 
 the number of two thousand congregations,) Holland, various parts of Ger- 
 man)^, Poland, Bohemia, and even appeared in Spain and Italy. Persecu- 
 tions soon extirpated it in France, its adherents being either killed or driven 
 into exile. The dissenting elements in England which had abolished the 
 Episcopate, and the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, corresponded entire- 
 ly to the Reformed Church of the continent. The reformed theology has 
 been prolific in systems of varied type, and in a rich symbolical literature. 
 In the freest and most advancing nations, it has ever had the strongest 
 hold — those nations which are leading the van in the general progress of 
 mankind. Most of the sects of modern times have sprung into being from 
 its impulse, or in opposition to it. The system has a practical and reforma- 
 tory vigor, springing partly from its polity, and partly from its general 
 spirit. The Lutheran division of the Evangelical Catholic Church has been 
 comparatively stationary, while the Reformed division has been noted for 
 its practical energy. Its Presbyterian and Synodal constitution, or the 
 pure Congregationalism of certain portions, has given it much of its vitality. 
 
THE EEFOEMBD CIHIECH IN AMERICA. 
 
 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 Many adherents of this faith, led by various causes, emigrated to Ameri- 
 ca. Those from Great Britain have been generally distinguished by names 
 derived from their forms of church government; while those from the con- 
 tinent, maintaining the general epithet of Reformed, have, on account of 
 the different nationalities from which they sprung, and out of love to their 
 fatherlands, retained patrial adjectives to designate their origins. But 
 these various national distinctions have become comparatively meaningless 
 in the general Americanization, and, to a great extent, intermixture of the 
 Reformed Churches from the continent. The French Reformed — the noble 
 Huguenots — have been absorbed by other branches which flourished around 
 them. Scores of their family names now appear connected with the Reformed 
 branch from Holland; while the Hollandish, the Swiss, the German, and 
 other emigrants, from the earliest times to the present, have attached them- 
 selves to the German or Dutch branch of the Reformed Church, or to some 
 of the Presbyterian bodies, as location and circumstances determined. Up 
 to the revolution, or even later, the German churches, mostly from the Pa- 
 latinate on the Upper Rhine, placed themselves under the care of the Sy- 
 nods of Holland, because the churches from which they sprung were " un- 
 der the cross." Indeed, it may be truly said that all the elements of the 
 Reformed Church from the continent, were under the ecclesiastical care of 
 the church in Holland. French, and German, and Swiss, as well as Dutch, 
 from all parts of the New World, turned to Amsterdam for men and money. 
 The Westminster and the Heidelberg Catechisms are respectively the sym- 
 bols of faith of the British and the Continental branches. These mutual- 
 ly supplement each other, being composed, the one from a philosophical, 
 and the other from an experimental stand-point.* In doctrine they are sub- 
 stantially identical. 
 
 THE NETHERLANDS BRANCH. 
 
 Since Holland herself was the as3dum for the oppressed of all nations, 
 there was no necessity that her citizens should leave her shores for the en- 
 joyment of religious freedom. The first emigrants, therefore, from Holland 
 to America were those engaged in trade. Tliey were under the immediate 
 patronage of the Dutch West-India Company ; and when their numbers 
 had sufficiently increased, they organized a church at New-Amsterdam. 
 This may have been as early as lG19,t though they are not known to have 
 
 * Dr. Livingston expressed the desire, in 1783, in a lengthy letter to Dr. Westerlo, that some 
 genius, equal to the task, would arise to draw up a plan for uniting all the Reformed churches 
 in America into one national church. Notwithstanding the seeming diificultics in the way, 
 "I humbly apprehend," says he, "this will be practicable; and I yet hope to see it accom- 
 plished." Let them begin the work by indorsing each other's sjiahols.— Livingston's Life, 
 p. 159, ed. 1856. 
 
 + Gunn's Memoir of Livingston, p. 44, ed. 1856. 
 
THE KEFOUAIED CHURCH IX AMERICA. ' 3 
 
 had a pastor till 1028. (Miciiaeuus.) The West-India Company acted as 
 their medium in procurin<; ministers, putting their requests in the hands 
 of the clorg;)' of Amsterdam. The Hollanders were, therefore, the first who 
 planted the Reformed Church, as it had been distinctively known on the 
 continent, in America. 
 
 The first period of their history extends over nearly half a century, down 
 to their surrender to the English. Their numbers were constantly aug- 
 mented, during this time, by immigration and natural increase, until they 
 reached 10,000. They were confined, in their location, to what is now 
 New-York, Brooklyn, and Bergen, and had also settlements at Kingston 
 and Albany. At the surrender, there weie nine Reformed churches, be- 
 sides one at New-Amstel, in Delaware, which maintained a doubtful exist- 
 ence. Five of the remaining churches were on Long Island.* Possibly 
 another also existed at Harlem. Twelve ministers had been employed up 
 to this time, seven of whom were in the country at the surrender. A few 
 of other religious tenets were reluctantly tolerated. For minuter details, 
 sec the names of the individual ministers.! 
 
 QUIET GROWTH, 1664-1737. 
 
 The Second Period extends over three quarters of a century, or from tlie 
 surrender to the English to the first eftbrts to secure some sort of inde- 
 pendent ecclesiastical power. Holland immigrants ceased to arrive. It 
 was in general a period of quiet prosperity and peace, though collisions 
 with their English governors sometimes occui-red. Governor Andros at- 
 tempted to foist an Episcopalian minister on the Dutch Church of Albany, 
 (Van Renslaer, Van Niewenhuysen,) and Governor Fletcher, having en- 
 deavored to impose the English language on the Dutch colonists, as had 
 been tried before, and failing, procured the passage of a hill for the settling 
 of a ministry. X This substantially, though not literally, established the 
 
 * Flatlands, Flatbush, Bushwick, Gravescnd, and Brooklyn. 
 
 t Michaelius, Bo^ardus, E., Bickerus, Megapolensis, J., Grasmere, Drisias, Polhemus, 
 J. T., Scliaats, Blom, Megapolensis, S., Selyns, and Welius. 
 
 X Some dissenters, wisliing to build a church at Jamaica, and not having the means, ap- 
 plied to Governor Fletcher for assistance. lie, perceiving that the Assembly were in favor 
 of granting their request and settling a maintenance for minist^ers, thought it a fit opportu- 
 nity to do something surreptitiously for the English Church. James Graham, the Speaker 
 of the Assembly, was accordingly directed to draw up a bill prescribing the method of in- 
 duction, so wording it that, though it might apply to dissenters, it could, with the help ol 
 the Governor, be made especially to subserve the Church of England. ( Col. Hint. N. Y. 
 V. 321.) Bellomont writes, in 1098, that Fletcher took advantage of circumstances "to di- 
 vide the people, by supposing a Dutch and English interest to be different here, and there- 
 fore, under notion of a Church of England, to be put in opposition to the Dutch and French 
 churches established here, he supported a few rascally English, who are a scandal to their 
 nation and the Protestant religion, and here great opposers to the Protestant religion, and 
 who joyned with him in theworst methods of gaine and severely used the Dutch, except 
 some few merchants whose trade is favored, who ought to have an equal benefit of the Eng- 
 lish Government, who are most hearty for his present majesty, and who are a sober, indus- 
 trious people, and obedient to the Government." {Col. Hid. N. Y. iii. 325.) 
 
4 THE REFOEMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 Episcopal Church in the counties of New- York, Kings, Eichmond, and 
 Westchester, (Selyns.) The Church of New-York, however, procured a 
 charter from Fletcher, giving them the privilege of calling their own minis- 
 ters, and none of the Dutch churches seem to have been prevented in doing 
 this. In the counties above mentioned, however, they were obliged to pay 
 church rates for the support of the English Church. 
 
 The Dutch were now a distinct element in a growing British province. 
 It became a necessity for their leading men to speak the English language. 
 A few French Huguenots came over, settling on Staten Island, at New-Ro- 
 chelle, in the city, and at New-Paltz, who cordially fraternized and in time 
 coalesced with the Dutch. (Daille, Bonkepos, Peuret.) The Dutch in- 
 habitants, on account of English oppression, began also about the close of 
 the century to emigrate into the interior. Thus Middlesex and Somerset 
 counties, in New-Jersey, and also, partly for the same reasons, Monmouth 
 and Bergen counties, M^ere settled, although the former had some original 
 colonists, and the latter also had received directly many employees of the 
 West-India Company, in reward for services. The mild and republican 
 form of government in New-Jersey, in contrast with the more oppressive 
 government of New-York, was very attractive to the older colonists both 
 on the Hudson and in New-England. By colonization and natural increase, 
 therefore, during this second period, about fifty new churches were organ- 
 ized. Fourteen of these were in New-Jersey, about twenty on the slopes 
 of the Hudson, and half as many in the valleys of Schoharie, Ulster, and 
 Orange, and a half-dozen on Long and Staten Islands. Forty-two minis- 
 ters also during this time had begun their ministrations in these churches, 
 some of them continuing, however, only a short time. At the close of this 
 period there were sixty churches and seventeen ministers of Ilollandish 
 extraction in America. 
 
 THE GERMAN AND SWISS BRANCH. 
 
 But while these events were transpiring on the Hudson, another branch 
 of the Reformed Church was locating on the Delaware and Susquehannah. 
 As early as 1684, the Frankfort Land Company began to send German set- 
 tlers to Pennsylvania. The Romish religion had obtained the upper hand 
 again in the Palatinate, after the palmy days of Frederick III., and the op- 
 pressed inhabitants sought freedom of conscience in the new world. Thus 
 began the Reformed Church of German extraction in Pennsylvania. The 
 full tide of emigration did not fairly begin till about 1709. In this year, 
 four thousand Palatines embarked for New-York, but seventeen hundred 
 died on the passage. They were invited to settle on the Livingston Manor, 
 and many of them did so. Others settled in Schoharie and in the valley 
 of the Mohawk.* The following year large numbers of the same class fled 
 to North-Carolina, (where some French Protestants had already settled on 
 
 * Col. Uist. N. Y. V. 553. 
 
THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 5 
 
 the banks of the Ncusc,) and^ founded Ncw-Bcrne. They had preachers 
 among them, but in 1713 the settlement was broken up by the Indians. 
 The remnant fled to South-Carolina. Many Germans of Pennsylvania sub- 
 sequently emigrated to the Carolinas. Many Swiss were also mingled with 
 the various bands of emigrants, who were absorbed by tlie Germans and the 
 Dutch. (GoETsciiKY, BoEUM, "WiMss, DousTius.) But tliesc Germans could 
 obtain no help from their native country, on account of its interior position 
 and the persecutions which the mother Church was then enduring. But 
 living often side by side with the Dutch, and observing the care bestowed 
 on them by the Classis of Amsterdam, they naturally craved assistance and 
 oversight from the same. The Church of the Palatinate also kindly asked 
 this Classis, as they were on the sea-coast and had constant intercourse 
 with America, to lend the emigrants such help as they could. As early as 
 1730, a correspondence began between the German churches and the 
 Classis, which continued more than fifty years. Weiss had gone back to 
 Holland in 1729 and secured help. (Weiss.) There were at this time about 
 fifteen thousand Germans in Pennsylvania. The Classis agreed to help 
 them on condition that they would adhere to the Heidelberg Catechism, 
 the Palatinate Confession of Faith, the Canons of the Synod of Dort, and 
 the Rules of Church Government of Dort. This was agreed to.* In 1731, 
 while the Synod of Holland was in session at Dordrecht, eight hundred 
 exiled Palatinates passed through the place, to take ships at Rotterdam for 
 America. The Synod visited them in a body ; religious exercises were ob- 
 served, help was given them for their immediate necessities, with the pledge 
 that the Church of Holland would not forget them in their new abode. But 
 circumstances intervened, and nothing effectual was done for them for fif- 
 teen years. 
 
 In America, the German and Hollandish divisions of the Reformed 
 Church had comparatively little intercourse, as both were dependent, widely 
 separated at that day, and could be of little benefit to each other. Yet 
 they were not altogether strangers. On the Raritan, the Germans and the 
 Dutch touched each other. As early as 1705, German Valley, and soon 
 after Lebanon and Amwell,t were settled by the Germans. Frelinghuy- 
 sen and Dorstius were intimate friends, and correspondence and visitations 
 were not altogether wanting between the ministers of New-York and Phila- 
 delphia. In Schoharie and Columbia counties, and on the Mohawk, the 
 Germans and Dutch were intermingled, and have to a great extent 
 coalesced. 
 
 QUASI-AMERICAN JUDICATORIES, 1737-92. 
 
 The Third Period extends over a little more than half a century, and is 
 a period of aspirations, of difficulties, and finally of independent organi- 
 zation. 
 
 * From a pamphlet published by Weiss, in 1731, concerning his arrangements with the 
 Classis, a copy of which was sent by Prof. Buddingh to Dr. T. De Witt in 1850. 
 
 + The original German church of Amwell is now the Presbyterian church of Kingoes, 
 where Dr. Kirkpatrick so long ministered. 
 
6 THE EEFOEMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 The churches in America had procured their ministers hitherto, with a 
 half-dozen exceptions, from Europe.* But the tie which bound them to 
 Holland was continually becoming weakened. Many of the Dutch w-ere 
 beginning to use the English tongue. For more than two generations they 
 had been subject to English rule. A new American life was developing. 
 The churches were sufTering for ministers. Great practical difficulties ex- 
 isted in obtaining a supply from Holland, and when obtained, they were 
 often not adapted to American society. A few young men had been sent 
 across the ocean to study and receive ordination, but the delay, expense, 
 and danger were great. (Theological Seminaky.) There was only one 
 third as many pastors as churches. Presbyterians and Independents had 
 the power of ordination in their own hands. Ought not the seventeen Hol- 
 landish ministers, representing sixty churches of the Reformed faith, to 
 have some sort of power ? be associated in some way to look after the in- 
 terests of the starving churches, and not depend wholly on others, not well 
 acquainted with the circumstances, three thousand miles away ? 
 
 For these American Reformed churches, while they first naturally 
 sought help and advice from their native land and from the Classis of Am- 
 sterdam, as most convenient, found themselves gradually brought into com- 
 plete subordination to that Classis. The right of ordination and of ecclesi- 
 astical decisions, at first casually vested in them, the Classis at length tena- 
 ciously claimed. The ministers sent out by them were naturally attached to 
 the Classis, both by a sense of interest and protection. Hence some of these 
 sided with the Classis. But the privilege was granted at length to Messrs. 
 Erickzon and Haeghoort to ordain John Schuyler to the ministry in 1736. 
 (SciiilYLER.)t This privilege was suggestive. There were also noble spirits 
 who felt that the proclamation of the Gospel to the perishing was of in- 
 finitely more importance than ecclesiastical restrictions. And while, for 
 the sake of peace and harmony, they proceeded cautiously and calmly ; 
 yet on one occasion two ministers, one from the German and the other 
 from the Dutch communion, ordained a man on their own responsibility to 
 the ministry. (Goetsciiius.) In 1737, therefore, five ministers (namely, 
 Du Bois, Haeghoort, Freeman, Van Santvoord, and Curtenius) met in New- 
 York and drew up a plan for the establishment of a coetus or association, 
 and submitted the plan to the churches. The plan adopted provided for 
 delegates fi-om every church, lay and clerical, the transaction of only eccle- 
 siastical business, while acknowledging subordination to the Classis of Am- 
 sterdam ; yet for the greater advantage of the congregations, circles were 
 to be established, to which the questions of congregations were first to be 
 taken, and ultimately, if necessary, to the Coetus. It was also stipulated 
 that all ministers hereafter arriving should belong to the Coetus. In April, 
 1738,1 nine ministers, a bare majority, met in New-York, (Frelinghuysen, 
 
 * Megapolensis, S., Bertholf, Van Driessen, J., Schuyler, Goetchius, J. H., and Morgan. 
 
 t Boehm, of the German Church, had also been ordained, by Boel and Du Bois of New- 
 York, in 1729. 
 
 X It is worthy of note that in this same year, (1738,) Elias Van Bunscliooten and Jacob R. 
 Hardenbergh were born, the former destined first to endow the educational department of 
 
THE REFORMED CUURCII IN AMERICA. 7 
 
 Erickzon, Boehtn, and Schujicr, in addition to those before mentioned,) 
 and sent this phm for a yearly Coetus to Holland for approval. Nine 
 years elapsed before permission was granted. In the mean time, the 
 Chassis, anxious to secure the welfare of the Church, sought to effect a 
 union of both the Dutch and German branches with the Presbyterian 
 Church, but without success."*" (Dohstils.) The Classis was therefore loath 
 to grant tlicir request, not only lest it should ultimately destroy their 
 authority over them, but also lest these churches should be left without 
 any adequate care and attention. It was at length, however, obliged to 
 yield. 
 
 For in the meau time the sad condition of the scattered and wasted Ger- 
 man Reformed churches, had become better known in Holland. AVciss in 
 1729 had obtained the promise of protection and oversight from the Classis, 
 (Weiss,) and in 17-iG, Schlatter, in tender pity for these churches, half in- 
 dependent, and at the mercy of every errorist wandering over the land, 
 had procured the appointment for himself of General Agent, to visit, organ- 
 ize, and consolidate them into some sort of an ecclesiastical body. (Schlat- 
 ter.) This became the German Coetus or Synod. The sad representa- 
 tions made of the condition of these churches compelled the Classis to 
 grant their prayers, and hence the mission of Schlatter. But after doing 
 this, they could not well longer delay an aflflrmative response to the re- 
 quest of the Dutch. In May, 1747, their answer was made known to them, 
 the letter having been brought by Domine Van Sinderin. Arrangements 
 were made for holding their first meeting on the second Tuesday of Sep- 
 tember. The first German Coetus was held in the same month. 
 
 THE PERIOD OF THE COETUS. 
 
 But this Dutch Coetus proved to be, after all, an inefficient body. Their 
 powers were too circumscribed. It could not ordain without special per- 
 mission in each case, and their requests were sometimes refused ; neither 
 could it finally decide in any matter. Its inability to promote the true in- 
 terests of the American churches was deeply felt. Some were also bitter 
 opponents, and refused to recognize its authority. In the mean time Coetus 
 ordained several young men. These American-made ministers generally 
 spoke with warmth of an independent establishment. They were also 
 found to be quite as acceptable as others. They argued that in case of a 
 protracted war, all intercourse would be cut ofiF with Europe, and the 
 churches would be deprived of all service. As it was, years often passed 
 before calls sent to Holland were filled. The friends of independence there- 
 fore charged the mother church with inconsistency and tyranny in refusing 
 
 the Church, and the latter to be the first president of the college established by the Coetus 
 party. 
 * ScMaiter''s Life, p. 43. 
 
8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 to grant privileges, which were claimed on admitted principles to be neces- 
 sary to her own government. Rev. John Leydt was sent as a delegate to 
 the Coetus of Pennsylvania, to ask them to unite with the Dutch Coetus, 
 at least as to the founding of a Seminary. But the Germans declined on 
 account of their recent obligations to the Church in Holland, which had so 
 carefully cherished and liberally aided them. But a moiety if not more 
 of the Hollanders were in favor of independence, and some of the Euro- 
 pean ministers indorsed them. A strong party was thus formed, and the 
 proposition was boldly advocated of withdrawing from the authority of the 
 Classis of Amsterdam, and organizing an American Classis. This was 
 officially recommended in 1753.* 
 
 THE AMERICAN CLASSIS VERSUS THE CONFERENTIE. 
 
 The next year a plan for this purpose was drafted, adopted, and trans- 
 mitted to the several churches for ratification. A Classis was actually or- 
 ganized in 1755, but its minutes are supposed to be lost. The more con- 
 servative members of Coetus now indignantly withdrew, carrying the 
 minutes of Coetus with them, (and in whose book they henceforth recorded 
 their own acts,) and were joined by those who had never adhered to the 
 Coetus, and these styled themselves the Conferentie, the Dutch word 
 for the Latin Coetus. It must, however, be said to the credit of the Con- 
 ferentie that, having been educated in the universities of Europe, they 
 feared it would be impossible to prepare a suitable ministry here, espe- 
 cially for the Dutch, surrounded as they were by the English language 
 and laws. Yet, in 1765, they formally adopted, as their own, the original 
 constitution of the Coetus, written a generation before. 
 
 Their letters are very bitter against the Coetus, charging its members 
 with many ecclesiastical irregularities. Their real offense, however, was, 
 that they were determined to have an independent American Church, and 
 American institutions of learning. The animosity became very bitter; 
 churches were often divided, and neighboring ministers at variance. The 
 Conferentie were also guilty of gross ecclesiastical irregularities. (Meyer, 
 H.) 
 
 The civil government, also, for some time had been growing uneasy in 
 view of the increasing number and influence of the non-conforming churches. 
 The provincial government made it a matter of official communication to 
 the home government. Ministers were required to take the oath of fidel- 
 ity to the king of Great Britain, abjuring all allegiance, civil or ecclesias- 
 tical, to any other power. And although this had been the case for a long 
 time, the American party noAV took advantage of it to help their cause. 
 
 * To defeat these radical plans, Domines Ritzema and De Ronde, the leading spirits in the 
 opposition, procured the insertion of a clause in the charter of Kings (now Columbia) College, 
 in 1754, giving the Consistory of the Church in New- York the right to appoint a Theological 
 Professor in that Institution. (Theological Seminary.) 
 
THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, 9 
 
 They declared lliat the required oath to Great Britain was inconsistent 
 with their allegiance to the Classis of Amsterdam. Prudent members of 
 both parties were sadly grieved at this state of things. The very existence 
 of the church was threatened. The evil seemed to be, without remedy, as 
 both parties were tenacious. Many who hated discord joined other de- 
 nominations. 
 
 The call of Doniine Laidlie to preach in English, was considered as an- 
 other dreadful innovation, although the younger generation in New-York and 
 vicinit)"- could not understand Dutch preaching. Yet Dr. Livingston sub- 
 sequently declared that this step should have been taken a century before. 
 And then the procurement of a charter, by the Coetus party, for Queen's 
 College, from Governor Franklin of New-Jersey, for the express purpose of 
 preparing young men for the ministry — this last act seemed to preclude all 
 possible overtures between the opposite parties. 
 
 PROVIDENCE. 
 
 But in the mean time God was preparing the way for a reconciliation. 
 The best judges felt that the basis of any reconciliation must be laid in 
 Holland. A happy train of circumstances secured the desired result. In 
 17G6, John II. Livingston had gone to Holland to pursue his studies for the 
 ministry. He was grieved with the dissensions at home. The true state of 
 the case, the conditions of American society, and the necessity for ecclesi- 
 astic d power were not accurately understood in Holland. He took special 
 pains to acquaint the members of the Classis, privately, with the state of 
 the fiicts. The Conferentie would yield to the recommendation of the 
 Classis, and the Coetus of course would be satisfied with what should 
 accord substantially with their own principles. He prevailed upon the 
 Synod of North-Holland to delegate full powers to the Classis of Amster- 
 dam to settle the whole matter. This simplified the business. He then 
 prepared a plan of union, which the Classis approved. The members of 
 Classis also promised, by private correspondence with the leaders of the 
 Conferentie party, to smooth the way. Mr. Livingston was called to the 
 church in New-York, and in 1770 returned with the plan of union. He 
 judged it prudent to unfold at first only the outlines of the plan. It met 
 with a favorable reception, and he was encouraged to proceed. He pro- 
 posed to the Consistory of New-York, which had been comparativelj'^ neutral 
 in the strife, to invitf^ all the churches to send delegates to a convention, to 
 be held in the city for the express purpose of healing the divisions, and 
 forming a plan of union and general peace. 
 
 UNITY RESTORED. 
 
 In October, 1771, twenty-two ministers and twenty-five elders, repre- 
 senting thirty-four churches, met in kindly spirit, with a real desire for 
 peace. There Avere at this time about ninety churches, and thirty-four 
 
10 TUE EEFOEMED CHUKCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 ministers. A committee of twelve was appointed, of equal numbers from 
 both parties and from the neutrals, when the plan brought from Holland, 
 and already indorsed provisionally, was presented and adopted as a basis 
 of union. This plan related to the internal arrangement and government 
 of the churches, the healing of the differences, and the restoration of peace 
 and union, as well as the conducting of a correspondence with the mother 
 church in Holland. It made arrangements for the organization of one 
 General and five Particular bodies ; or, in other words, a Synod and five 
 Classes. The licensing and ordaining poioer was at length given to this as- 
 sembly, with the understanding that the names of all ministers were to be 
 transmitted to Holland for registration, with a yearly copy of the acts of 
 the Synod ; and appeals could yet be carried to Holland. This was, how- 
 ever, never done. One or more professors were to be chosen from the 
 Netherlands, upon the advice of Classis, (Theological Seminary,) who 
 were to have no connection with any English academies. These Articles 
 of Unioti were to be binding only after their ratification by the Classis of 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 This plan was transmitted to Holland, and an answer was received in 
 October, 1772, entirely approving it. 
 
 THE LETTER OF THE CLASSIS OF AMSTERDAM. 
 
 To the Gonvenlion of United Brethren, Ministers, and Elders of the Reformed Dutch 
 
 Churches in New- York and Hew- Jersey. 
 
 Reverend and Much respected Brethren : We received your friendly letter, 
 with the accompanying documents, dated October 18th, just previous to the close 
 of the year, and in season to present them at the first Classical meeting in the new 
 year, that they might take them into consideration, and communicate the result of 
 their deliberations as speedily as practicable. We have learned from the docu- 
 ments you have sent to us, with great joy, that the God of peace has inclined the 
 hearts of the brethren, long divided by unhappy contention, to seek delightful peace 
 and i-eunion iu brotherly love; so that, by the friendly invitation of the Consistory 
 of the Church in New-York, most of them assembled in that city, and, after a ses- 
 sion of four days, were reconciled and united to each other. We also learn that 
 the absent brethren, mostly prevented by circumstances of a domestic nature, have 
 given the assured hope that they will be satisfied with the plan of union. We have 
 not in a long time been so much rejoiced by gratifying intelligence from our 
 churches in foreign lands as by that now received from you, which is "good tidings 
 from a far country," like water, refreshing to our souls, weary and thirsty by rea- 
 son of our former correspondence in relation to existing difficulties. Well may we, 
 in the congregation of God's people, offer up our joyful songs of praise to the God 
 of peace. We desire, with our whole hearts, and in pure, disinterested love to the 
 brethren and the church, that this peace and union may be universal, and prove 
 perpetual. The pious zeal of the Consistory of New-York ; the willingness and 
 readiness of the bretliren to respond to their invitation to assemble in convention ; 
 the pious and edifying character of their deliberations during their session of four 
 days ; and the declared assent of most of their absent brethren, conspire to warrant 
 
THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMKRICA. 11 
 
 the well-grounded hope that such will he the result. In order speedily to confirm 
 and bring to conclusion this sucred work of peace, and to allow no languor or delay, 
 we have in our Classical meeting attentively read and maturely considered the pro- 
 posed articles, adopted by the brethren present as a basis of union. These articles 
 essentially correspond with the plan heretofore proposed by us, and appear to be 
 wisely adapted to the peculiar circumstances and condition of the churches of New- 
 York and New-Jersey. The Classis, cordially desirous to see peace and harmony 
 restored and cstablif^hed among their brethren in the common faith in America, 
 wish it to be extensively jniblished, that they have heartily and unanimously ap- 
 proved the plan of union, without proposing any alteration or addition ; and they 
 express their ardent hope that the brethren not present at the convention lately 
 held in New-York, may be animated with the same zeal for the attainment of peace 
 and harmony, and adopt the plan of union Mithout suggesting any material altera- 
 tion. 
 
 We trust that our full approbation will tend to promote this most desirable end 
 in your entire unanimity. Still, the general convention of the united brethren and 
 churches not only claims the freedom, but (according to the import of the articles 
 now approved by us) feels itself bound further to make such stipulations and addi- 
 tions as the interests and welfare of the churches may require. We, therefore, re- 
 quest the brethren who have signed the articles of the plan of union (having entire 
 confidence in their love of and devotion to the cause of peace) to employ all their 
 efforts for the accomplishment of the proposed object, and especially to seek the re- 
 conciliation of the church at Kingston with their minister, Rev. H. Meyer. Wc are 
 rejoiced to hear that he yielded, with the other brethren, his full approbation to the 
 articles of union, and hope that the reconciliation between him and the church may 
 soon be effected, through the kind mediation of the brethren, unto mutual satisfac- 
 tion and rejoicing. We cheer ourselves with the hope which you have expressed to 
 us, that when our ready and full approbation of the articles of union shall be sent 
 to those particular churches which have not signed them, it will exert such a strong 
 influence as to lead to their acquiescence and approbation. Thus, a speedy adop- 
 tion of the articles as conditions of peace, will, before long, bring to an end all divi- 
 sions and dissentions, cause them to be ever forgotten, and unite the hearts of the 
 brethren so closely that they shall continually remain a well-cemented body, abid- 
 ing in one spirit, and with one accord striving for the faith of the Gospel. Thus 
 shall the mother church of the Netherlands remain in close connection with her 
 daughter dwelling in a distant country, in the unity of faith and love, and built on 
 one common constitution. Thus, also, the churches of New-York and New-Jersey 
 may successfully appeal to the civil authorities, with good hope of success, for the 
 maintenance of their ecclesiastical freedom and privilege?, preserving fully the cha- 
 racter of Reformed Dutch Churches, as originally organized. Thus may our Re- 
 formed Church in your land, in the midst of so many denominations as surround 
 her, exhibit the beautiful and attractive appearance of the Lamb's bridal church, 
 "Fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners." Over 
 your peaceful church, animated by truth and love, inseparable, united, God will 
 command his " blessing, even life for evermore," even as " on a habitation of righte- 
 ousness and a mountain of holiness," the fragrance of which shall spread all around, 
 and attract many to her communion, as members of the " one body in Christ." 
 Nothing can prove more delightful to us who have, with a disinterested spirit, 
 strongly exhorted the brethren to a reconciliation and union, and, at the same time, 
 
12 THE EEFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 to a close correspondence with the Reformed Church of Holland, and continued at- 
 tachment to her faith and order, than henceforth to see tlie churches of New-York 
 and New-Jersey a true Philadelphia, where the Lord loves to dwell. For this end 
 we entreat, in behalf of the brethren and churches, the direction of the " wisdom 
 •which is from above, which is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreat- 
 ed, full of good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy." May the hearts 
 of all flow together into one, and be bound together in love, which is the bond of 
 perfcclness. Thus, " the fruit of righteousness shall be sown in peace of them 
 that make peace;" yea, the God of peace shall impart the earnest of salvation to 
 those on whom he pronounces the blessedness of the peacemaker, and furnish 
 therein the evidence of their heavenly sonship. Commending you to God's manifold 
 and best blessing for this and continued years, yourselves, your families, your 
 cliurches, and ecclesiastical assemblies, 
 
 We remain, reverend and respected brethren, with true brotherly love and re- 
 gard, your fellow-servants and bretliren in Christ, 
 
 N. Tetterode, 
 V.D.M. Amst. et Deputatorum Classis ad res exteras, Praeses. 
 
 JOHANNIS ArN. EcK, 
 
 V.D.M. Amst. ct Dep. Classis ad res exteras, Scriba. 
 Amsterdam: Done in Classical Session, Jan. 14, 1'772. 
 
 A few minister.s and churches, however, continued to stand aloof from 
 this union for several years. But in the main, harmony was restored and 
 the parties cordially cooperated. Students began to increase and churches 
 were multiplied. The Revolution delayed the consummation of the Pro- 
 fessorship, but hardly affected tlie steady increase of ministers and churches. 
 During this third period this increase was especially marked. For four 
 decades before any attempts to secure self-government had been made, the 
 new church organizations averaged only seven a decade. But with the 
 six decades beginning with 1730, the average is double, though this includes 
 the period of bitter party strife and of the Revolution. And in the minis- 
 try the increase is still more striking. For forty years before 1730, the 
 additions averaged only seven per decade ; but for the next six decades, 
 the average rises to seventeen. IIow suicidal was the policy of the Oon- 
 fcrcntic, which would have left the Church dependent and un-Ameri- 
 canized ! 
 
 The duties of the Assembly or Synod, which had been formed by the 
 articles of union in 1771, were necessarily somewhat indefinite. It was a 
 transition period. The articles themselves betray the extreme delicacy 
 with which every thing had to be treated. Moreover, our own Revolution, 
 and tiie French Revolution so soon succeeding it, effectually broke off the 
 correspondence with Holland, no official letters being received for thirty 
 years, excepting in the brief interval, 1784-7, in which three were received. 
 Hence it appears that the American churches did not become independent 
 any too soon, as circumstances rendered any effectual oversight entirely 
 impracticable for the whole of the next generation. 
 
THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 13 
 
 FURTHER DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 This circumstance, partly, together with the changed aspect of all their 
 relations after the Revolution, compelled them now to organize tlie Cliurch 
 more completely. With the constant growth, and opening prospects, and 
 call for laborers, as well as their new relations to the new civil government 
 of the country, they felt that their true status must bo known. The Arti- 
 cles of Union, in 1V71, were only intended to subserve a temporary pur- 
 pose, as was now asserted. Most of the denominations had already pub- 
 lished their symbols and forms of government. A committee was accord- 
 ingly appointed, in 1788, to translate the Symbols of the Church and the 
 Articles of Church Government as used in the Reformed Church in Hol- 
 land. In reference to the latter, some modifications were found to be ne- 
 cessary, and explanatory articles were accordingly attached, which articles 
 became the basis of the government of the Church in tb.is countr}'. The 
 Synod reviewed the whole work seriatim in 1792, and adopted it. This 
 constitution provided for a General Synod, entirely independent, which 
 was duly organized on June 3d, 1794, to meet triennially. It was a con- 
 ventional body, consisting of all the ministers, with each an elder, and an 
 elder from every vacant church, while the old original Sj'nod took now the 
 name of a Particular Synod,* and consisted of two ministers and two elders 
 from each Classis. For a decade before this time the terms General and 
 Particular had been indiscriminately applied to the old Synod. 
 
 During this third period of strife and organization no less than ninety 
 new churches were organized, and eighty-eight ministers began their labors 
 among them. Some few of these organizations were party affairs, which 
 in time reunited with the churches from which they sprang. Manj' of 
 these ministers also only continued for a short time. At the adoption of 
 the constitution, there existed about one hundred and thirty churches and 
 fifty ministers. 
 
 THE REFORMED CHURCH AMONG THE GERMANS. 
 
 During this same period (1737-92) the Reformed Church among the 
 Germans was consolidated and organized into a Coetus by Schlatter. 
 (SciiLATTEK.) He found forty-six churches, but only four regularly or- 
 dained ministers. (Dorstius, Boehm, Weiss, Reigek.) The people were 
 sadly destitute. Their settlements extended from the Delaware beyond 
 the Potomac. He laboriously itinerated among these churches, and brought 
 order out of chaos. The regular supervision of the Classis of Amsterdam 
 over the German churches here properly begins, although it was greatly 
 interrupted by the French and Indian ^-ars. During the first four years 
 after Schlatter's arrival, only four new ministers arrived. (Steinek, Bau- 
 
 * Originally the Particular Synods consisted of all the ministers, with an elder from each 
 church, of four neighboring classes.— .47-<. Dart. 47. 
 
14 THE KEFORJIKD CIIUKCII IN AMEEICA. 
 
 THOLOMADS, Leidicii, IIociikeutinek.) But in 1751 a new life was given to 
 the German churches by Schlatter's visit to Europe. His report on these 
 churches and the appeal which he made, which was printed, secured 
 £12,000 for the benefit oC tliese poor churches, besides seven hundred 
 Bibles. Says the Classis of Amsterdam in this year, " The impulse of zeal 
 and love in our Christian Synods and lower judicatories, and private mem- 
 bers, seemed to be wrought up even to emulation in the good work of re- 
 lieving these necessities." Twenty thousand pounds additional were sub- 
 scribed by George II. and the nobility of Great Britain. These moneys 
 constituted a fund for the support of ministers and schools. Six ministers 
 returned with Mr. S. to America. (Otteriiein, Stoy, Waldschmid, Fkank- 
 ENFELD, RuBEL, "WissLER.) He held his position as General Superintendent 
 of these churches for eleven years. 
 
 But it was said that the wonderfully liberal contributions in Great Britain 
 were made from political reasons, lest the Germans, increasing so rapidly, 
 should become restive under English rule. Their power was alread}^ felt 
 in Pennsylvania, and gave a distinct shade to legislation. They solidly 
 voted to continue the Quakers in the Assembly of the State, and thus pre- 
 vent a declaration of war against the French. They were also accused 
 (1750-60) of Romanizing tendencies. The Classis of Amsterdam had their 
 fears excited, but Rev. William Stoy, in behalf of Coetus, wrote to them, 
 allaying their anxieties. Great attempts were made at this time to Angli- 
 cize these Germans, on account of political fears. The free-school scheme, 
 therefore, founded largely on British benevolence, began to be looked upon 
 as a political movement. Mr. Saurs, editor of a German paper at German- 
 town, gave the alarm, and many agreed with him. The school plan was 
 thus crippled, and even Mr. Schlatter did not escape suspicion. The Ger- 
 mans were made indignant that they had been represented (as they were 
 told) as so ignorant and rebellious that they needed a foreign charitable 
 fund. At first the German Coetus vindicated this British school-fund as 
 necessary, but afterward had reason to suspect political designs; for teachers 
 not in accordance with the Reformed or Lutlieran faith were appointed, and 
 they seemed intent on forcing the English language on the children, which 
 their fathers did not approve. It is said that a part of these funds after- 
 ward went into the hands of the trustees of the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia. (See Schlatter's Life, p. 303.) Yet eight German schools and one 
 Presbyterian are found in 17G0 receiving help from this British fund. The 
 help ceased after 17G2. 
 
 About one hundred ministers were or had been in connection with the 
 Classis of Amsterdam who labored in the German churches. In 1792, 
 they declared themselves ecclesiastically independent — a movement, no 
 doubt, having some connection with the coincident independence of the 
 Dutch churches. Their old Coetus continued down to the year 1816, 
 when they organized their Synod. 
 
THE TwEFOIiMED CIIUKCU IN AMEKICA. 15 
 
 THE AMERICAN REFORMED CHURCH— 1792. 
 
 The Constitution now adopted in the shape of explanatory articles, and 
 printed as an appendix to the original Articles of the Synod of Dort, re- 
 mained in this form for forty years. A connnittee of revision was then 
 appointed, and their work, with the addition of a few amendments, is our 
 present Constitution. The Symbols of the Church arc also included as a 
 part of the Constitution. But, strange to say, the exact name of the Church 
 was not originally accurately fixed in this instnunent. The Church had 
 been planted in this country as a colonj^ of tlie Reformed Church of the 
 Netherlands, and as such she was known for about a century and a half. 
 In the mean time, with the surrender to the English, by English usage, the 
 word Dutch became attached to her name. In 1818, the General Synod 
 was incorporated under the title of "The Reformed Protestant Dutch 
 Church.'' In her ecclesiastical records, however, the word Protestant was 
 not used till 1840, when it was adopted by resolution. After much confu- 
 sion of ecclesiastical and civil legislation, as well as of popular and ecclesi- 
 astical usage, and when fully convinced of the undesirableness of a foreign 
 patrial adjective, in 1867, she returned to her original name which she had 
 brought to this continent nearly a century in advance of any other denomi- 
 nation, and called herself "The Reforjied Church in Ameuica." This 
 constitutional amendment was adopted by a well-nigh unanimous vote.* 
 
 THE PROFESSORSHIP. 
 
 A Professor of Theology was chosen in 1784, and assistants were ap- 
 pointed from time to time, who delivered lectures in their own localities. 
 After various ineffectual efforts to secure a proper endowment, the Profes- 
 sorship was merged in Queen's College, bj'- a covenant between the Synod 
 and the trustees of that institution. In the year 1825, for the first, the 
 Church possessed three Theological Professors, and the institution was 
 considered as fully organized. Additional articles of agreement were now 
 entered into with the Trustees, by which a Theological College was organ- 
 ized, and the name changed from Queen's to Rutgers. Three years later, 
 a Board of Education was established, to care for' beneficiaries. In 18G5, 
 another Theological Professorship was added, and the covenant between 
 the Synod and the Trustees of Rutgers College formally annulled. The 
 following year, Hope College was organized in Holland, Michigan, and in a 
 twelvemonth more, a Theological Seminary in the same place. (Theologi- 
 cal Seminakies, Colleges.) 
 
 • 
 
 * See the able article on the history of the name in the Appendix to Minutes of General 
 Synod, 1S07. 
 
16 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 CHURCH EXTENSION. 
 
 One of the first acts of the newly organized and now completely inde- 
 pendent General Synod was to appoint a committee to seek a union with 
 the other branch of the Reformed Church, the German. But no report 
 from this committee appears. Soon after the Revolution, the work of 
 church extension was inaugurated, but the impoverished condition of the 
 country greatly embarrassed operations. The first voluntary collections 
 now began to be taken. Applications for preachers came from Central 
 New-York, Canada, the Delaware and Susquehanna regions, Virginia, and 
 even Kentucky. The first church organized through these efforts was at 
 Chenango, (near Binghamton,) New-York, in 1794. 
 
 These operations of the Church passed through several systems of expe- 
 riment until our present Board of Domestic Missions vi^as organized, in 
 1832. In the mean time, however, by the preceding efforts chiefly, about 
 one hundred and seventy-five churches had been organized, mostly in the 
 outskirts of the old settlements and in Central New-York. A number of 
 these, however, did not long survive, from lack of ministers to supply them 
 and members to sustain them. Yet in this same period (1786-1832) no 
 less than two hundred and fifty ministers had begun to labor in the de- 
 nomination. Since 1832, more than three hundred churches have been 
 organized. About half of these were organized in the single decade 1850- 
 60. Ten thousand Hollanders in the last quarter of a century, (a number 
 equal to the original colonists at the time of the surrender to the English, 
 in 16G4,) have settled in Michigan and adjoining States, and are largely in 
 our denomination. Since 1832, about eight hundred ministers have begun 
 to labor in our churches, of whom nearly five hundred novi' remain. (Do- 
 mestic Missions.) 
 
 FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 In the work of Foreign Missions also there has been constant progress. 
 In 1817, the General Synod united with the Associate Reformed and Pres- 
 byterian Churches in organizing " The United Foreign Missionary Society," 
 which, in 182G, merged in the American Board. Dr. John Scudder was 
 the pioneer missionary of the denomination, going to Ceylon. Rev. David 
 Abeel was our pioneei missionary to the East-Indies and China. In 1832, 
 the Board of Foreign Missions was established, in union with the American 
 Board. Borneo, India, China, and Japan have been the fields of missionary 
 operations. The three latter only are now under the care of the Reformed 
 Church. In 1857, an amicable separation was effected from the American 
 Board. Since then the receipts have been largely increased. Twenty-five 
 or more churches have been organized on the foreign field, and about as 
 many stations occupied, and about forty missionaries have been employed, 
 besides female teachers and native helpers. (Foreign Missions.) 
 
THE REFORMED CUURCII IN AMERICA. 17 
 
 THE GERMAN BRANCH— 1792. 
 
 Since their independence in this year, they have steadily increased, espe- 
 cially by large numbers of immigrants. They have also dropped the term 
 " German," and now call themselves " The Reformed Church in the 
 United States." Their General Synod meets triennially. They have 
 three District Synods, twenty-nine Classes, five hundred ministers, and 
 about twelve hundred congregations. They labor for church extension at 
 home, but have, as yet, done nothing for foreign missions, at least in an 
 organized capacity. They have six colleges — namely, at Lancaster, Mount 
 Pleasant, Meyerstown, and Mercersburg, Pennsylvania ; TiflSn, Ohio ; 
 and Newton, North-Carolina ; one collegiate institute at Reimersburg, 
 Pennsylvania ; and two theological seminaries — namel}'', at Mercersburg 
 and Tiffin. Their contributions for benevolent purposes in 18G7 amounted 
 to $65,000. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Abeel, David, (nephew of J. N. Abeel,) b. at New-Brunswick, 1804 
 N.B.S. 182G, 1. CI. N.B. 1826; Athens, N.Y. 182G-8, Miss, to West- 
 Indies, Oct. 1828-Jul3S '29, supplied Orchard St., N.Y.C. July-Oct., 
 1829, voyage to China, Oct. 1829-Feb. '30, Chaplain of Seamen's 
 Friends' Soc. Oct. 1829-Dec. '30, Miss, of A.B.C.F.M. in Java, Dec. 1830 
 -June, '31, Siam, June, 1831-May, '33, voyage to London, May-Oct. 
 1833, visits France, Holland, Germany, Prussia, and Switzerland, in the 
 interests of Missions, Oct. 1833-Sept. '34, visits America, Oct. 1884- 
 Dec. '36, West-Indies, Dec. 183G-May, '37, America, May-Oct. 183T, 
 voyage to China, Oct. 1837-reb. '38, Macao, Feb. 1838-May, '41, Siam, 
 May-Oct. 1841, Borneo, Oct. 1841-Jan. '42, Kolongsoo, (near Amoy,) 
 Jan. 1842-July, '44, Amoy, July, 1844-Jan. '45, voyage to America, 
 Jan.- April, 1845, died at Albany, Sept. 4, 1846. 
 
 This excellent missionary was the grandson of James Abeel, of the city of 
 New-York, who was a deputy quai-terniaster in the continental army. 
 David sought entrance, at the age of fifteen, into the military academy at 
 West-Point, but too many applicants had preceded him. He then studied 
 medicine, but, as the light of grace beamed upon his mind, he benevolently 
 turned his thoughts to the duty of seeking to save the perishing. Ills spi- 
 ritual exercises were very powerful, and are preserved partially in a diary. 
 II« entered on his ministerial duties with a deep sense of his responsibility. 
 He struggled in prayer, and hoped for great things, and was not disappoint- 
 ed. A general revival in his first charge gladdened his heart. Failing 
 health, however, soon compelled him to give up his duties, and sail to the 
 West-Indies. But, for a long time, he had reflected on the wants of the 
 heathen world. It then, also, required f\u- more courage than now to em- 
 bark in a missionary undertaking. He collected intelligence, and prayer- 
 fully pondered the subject. At length the way opened, and he sailed as 
 Chaplain of the Seamen's Friends' Society ; and, after reaching China, was 
 transferred to the American Board. He traveled in various parts of the 
 East-Indies, surveying the field, acquiring some knowledge of the dialects, 
 and assisting the missionaries whom he found there. His instructions were 
 to ascertain the true condition of affiiirs in Eastern Asia, and to report to 
 the Board. Hence the itinerant character of the record of his labors. And 
 when his ill health compelled him to visit Europe and America, he excited 
 
20 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 much interest wherever he went, by the reports which he made. His second 
 visit and residence in China was during the opium war, to which he makes 
 many allusions. 
 
 Mr. Abeel was not a man of remarkable power of intellect, or of peculiar 
 genius ; yet his mental formation was characterized by solidity and strength. 
 He was a clear and close thinker, and could express himself with discrimi- 
 nation and force. He sought to improve his talents to their utmost, that 
 he might use them to the glory of God. He M'as an indefatigable student, 
 although his feeble health often seriously interfered with his studies. 
 While a master of his mother tongue, he was also critically acquainted 
 with several different languages. On account of an exquisitely musical ear, 
 he was endowed with great natural capabilities for the acquisition of the 
 Chinese. He was also acquainted with the Siamese and Malay languages. 
 
 As a preacher his discourses were clear and forcible. He was not given 
 to abstract discussions of truth, but was plain and practical. While in the 
 different localities abroad, he was generally chaplain to the foreign residents ; 
 and when at Kolongsoo, of the British army. His manner in the pulpit 
 was unaffected, but, at the same time, winning and effective ; and the musi- 
 cal and pleasing intonations of his voice added force to his language. 
 
 He contributed to the cause of missions by writing an account of his re- 
 sidence in China and the East, (1835.) He also published The Claims of 
 tlie World to the Go&pel^ (1839.) His Residence in China discovers a quick 
 apprehension, and a just perception of the beautiful and repulsive, in nature 
 and in morals. The other bespeaks close discrimination, accurate represen- 
 tation, with candid and powerful argumentation. His many letters from 
 abroad, published in the Christian Intelligencer, are full of interest. He 
 had great prudence, energy, and correctness of judgment. He rose above 
 the contracting influence of prejudice, and always embraced expanded 
 views of duty. 
 
 While delighted in the pursuit of science and literature, he was eminent- 
 ly religious. He had the most exalted conceptions of the work of sanctifi- 
 cation in the soul. He set the highest standard before him — that of the 
 Saviour Himself. He set high value on the private duties of religion. He 
 was an ardent student of the Bible. For days he would pore over some 
 passage or chapter, till he had thoroughly caught its spirit. He loved to 
 read it in the different versions as well as in the original, that he might 
 find new beauties and thoughts. He was also a man of prayer. While a 
 student, he had a bower to which he retired for this exercise. It was in 
 such a place he first became impressed with the claims of the heathen. He 
 drew his strength directly from God, and owed his attainments in piety to 
 secret prayer. He had also remarkable habits of meditation ; not that he 
 thereby neglected active duties, but he meditated while engaged in such 
 duties. 
 
 But humility was the crowning beauty of his character. While in great 
 danger of spiritual pride, on account of his acknowledged piety, yet he 
 only valued his growth in grace, as God enabled him to exercise childlike 
 
THE JriNISTKY. 21 
 
 humility. And all these attainments, as his diary abundantly shows, wore 
 made in opposition to a heart of wickedness. His spiritual conflicts were 
 many and severe. 
 
 He also had most exalted views of Christian duty and responsibility. His 
 piety was not selfish. Complete self-consecration to the service of the Mas- 
 ter, in promoting the welfare of men, was his high and holy aim. And he 
 sought to recommend religion by his life. lie cultivated a meek temper of 
 mind, abhorring all resentment or narrow-minded feeling. The command- 
 ing points of his character were ennobled and strengthened, while the selfish 
 dispositions were corrected and restrained. He was also of a truly Catholic 
 spirit. lie could hardly recognize the dividing lines of denominations. He 
 lamented over the struggles of sectarianism as a waste of precious time 
 and a perversion of talents, while thousands were perishing. He also pos- 
 sessed refinement of feeling and manner. This gave him much influence as 
 a missionary. He was greeted by the most refined, and received into cir- 
 cles of powerful influence. He himself, it is said, exerted an influence 
 among the foreign residents of the East, almost as much as one of official 
 rank. 
 
 It is believed that he exerted more spiritual good in his private inter- 
 course with men, and by the power of his holy life, than as a preacher. All 
 felt that it was a privilege to entertain him, for he left a blessing behind 
 him. He was the founder of the Amoy Mission. — See Williamson'' s Memoir. 
 
 Abeel, Gcstayus, (s. of J. N. Abeel.) U.C. 1823, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 1824 ; English Neighborhood, 182^8, (also Miss, at Hoboken,) 
 Belleville, 1828-34, Geneva, 1834-49, Newark, 2d, 1849-64, resigned, 
 w. c. 
 
 Abeel, John N., b. at New- York, 1770, C.N.J. 1787, stud, theol. with 
 
 Livingston and Witherspoon, 1. CI. N.Y. 1794 ; (Philadelphia, Arch st. 
 
 Presb., 1794-6,) New- York, 1795-1812, d. 
 
 He began the study of law, but in about a year, his heart having been 
 touched by Divine grace, he forsook his first choice for the ministry. He 
 possessed a sound understanding, greatly improved by diligent application. 
 His manners were unusually mild, unassuming, amiable, and winning. 
 In society he was affable and communicative, his colloquial talents being 
 extraordinary. As a minister, he was truly eminent He had industrious- 
 ly cultivated his fine natural talents, and laid up large stores of valuable 
 information. Few have possessed so nice and accurate discernment. His 
 style was plain and simple, the strain of his discourse was didactic, and he 
 usually preached extemporaneously. He delighted to dwell on Christian 
 experience, in which he was always animated and interesting, rising often 
 to uncommon elegance of diction and to true eloquence. 
 
 He was a faithful pastor, and the inquiring, the tempted, and the per- 
 plexed confidently sought his advice and instruction. He was also of a 
 truly Catholic spirit toward all evangelical Christians. Yet in his own de- 
 nomination, with a discrimination which few have possessed, he discerned 
 
22 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the path of her true interests, and employed in her behalf the energy of his 
 talents, the charms of his eloquence, the weight of his influence, and the 
 efficacy of his prayers. It was principally by his efforts that a large fund 
 was raised for the fuller endowment of the Theological Professorship now 
 about to be located at New-Brunswick, (1809.) Indeed, while laboring for 
 this end that disease was induced which terminated his life. But thereby 
 the institution was founded on a permanent basis. 
 
 He deserved to be loved, and he was loved of all. His people furnished 
 him ample means to undertake voyages for the recovery of his health. He 
 was a principal agent in promoting a revival of religion in New- York, 
 greater than had been known since the days of Laidlie. He refused offers 
 and invitations to Boston and Philadelphia, and to the Presidency of Union 
 College. His health began to fail in 1809. He spent one winter in South- 
 Carolina and made a voyage to Rio Janeiro, but all liis efforts and the best 
 medical skill proved unavailing. 
 
 Abell, Jas. Chittenango, 1840-54, Waterloo, 1856-7, emeritus, d. 1867. , 
 
 AcKEKMAN, Edward G. R.O. 1866, theolog. student in N.B.S. 
 
 Ackerson, John H. N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. N.B. 1839; Columbia, 1841-2, 
 Schaghticoke, 1842-4, w. c. 1844-6, susp. 1847, dep. 1848. 
 
 Alburtis, (or Burtis,) John, b. 179. ., N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817. 
 
 Allen, John K., (s. of P. Allen.) B.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1868 ; Iloboken, 1868— 
 
 Allen, Peter, b. in Columbia Co. N.Y. 1808, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Pough- 
 
 keepsie, 1837 ; West New-Hempstead and Ramapo,' 1837-53, West 
 
 New-IIempstead, 1853-62, d. 
 
 At the age of fourteen he made a public profession of his faith. He soon 
 after had a strong desire to enter the ministry, but his early education be- 
 ing quite imperfect, and his means of improving it limited, he tried long to 
 dismiss the idea. But it was of the Lord, who providentially opened the 
 way for his subsequent instruction in the classics, under the care of Rev. 
 I. N. Wyckoff, then of Catskill. 
 
 " He was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith." He pos- 
 sessed that "meek and quiet spirit which in the sight of God is of great 
 price." " In his tongue was the law of kindness," and he had imbibed 
 nuich of his Master's meek and lowly spirit. Like Nathanael, it might be 
 said of him, " Behold an Israelite indeed in whom is no guile." He was 
 a man of prayer, and in this was the secret of his patient toil and un- 
 wearied perseverance amid the many trials and discouragements of his 
 ministry. 
 
 For si.vteen years he performed the arduous duties of a double charge. 
 In many respects his field of labor was discouraging, but he learned to 
 toil on, relying on the faithful promise of his Lord. Convinced that duty 
 
THE MINISTRY. 23 
 
 was his, he had no ilifliculty in leaving results with his ^^aster. He coiiM 
 sow weeping, and wait with unmurmuring patience for the harvest. He 
 was always at his post, engrossed heart and hands in the work of saving 
 souls, comfprting the afflicted, and edifying the body of Christ. 
 
 For months before his death he felt his work was near its close, but was 
 able to preach almost to the last. His end was just such as we would ex- 
 pect to follow so humble and godly a life. Patiently and peacefully he 
 waited his Lord's coming, and died in joyous hope of a blessed immor- 
 tality.—/. //. D. 
 
 Alliger, John B. R.C. 1835,, N.B.S. 1840, I. CI. Ulster, 1840; Clove, 
 N.Y. 1840-3, Shawangunk, 1843-50, Jamaica, 1851— 
 
 [Alsentz, John George, c. to America, 1757, Germantown, Pa. 1757-G2, 
 
 also supplying Amwell, N.J. 17C0, AVentz's Ch., Pa. 17G2-9, d. See 
 
 HarliaugKs Llvc8.'\ 
 Ambler, Jas. B., b. in England, 1797; 1. 1816; (Bradford, Eng. 1816-8,) 
 
 c. to America, 1818, (Prcsbyt. 1818-33,) in Ref. Ch. 1833-48, d. 
 
 His ministry was extended through the northern and central portions of 
 New- York till about 1833, when he connected himself with the Reformed 
 Church. He commanded the utmost esteem for the sincerity of his piety and 
 his untiring zeal. His ministrations were effective and successful. He was 
 eloquent and dignified in his delivery, attentive as a pastor, and changeless 
 as a friend. His labors in New-York State and City and in St. John's 
 (N.B.) were very successful. 
 
 Amerman, Jas. L. N.Y.U. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y. 1868, Addis- 
 ville, 1868— 
 
 Ames, John "\Y. Studied under Livingston ? Miss, on Delaware, 1814. 
 
 Amerman, Albert,' C.C. 1812, Assoc. Ref. Sem. 1816, 1. CI. N.Y. 1816; 
 Johnstown and May field, 1817-20, susp. restored, Johnstown and May- 
 field, 1820-1, Johnstown and Mmjfield, indep. 1821^3, HackensacJc 
 and Paterson, indep. 1843-55, Haclcensach^ indep. 1855 — 
 
 Amerman, Thos. A. A.C. 1827, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1830; 
 Beckman, N.Y. (S.S.) 1830-1, Coeymans, 1832, (Presb. 1832-5,) Sho- 
 kan, 1835-8, Jamesville, 1838^0. 
 
 Anderson, Wm. N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. N.Y. 1849 ; Peapack, 1849-56, Fair- 
 view, 1856-9, Newtown, 1859-66, Greenbush, 1866— 
 
 Anderson, Wm. H. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. S. CI. L.L 1865 ; Cort- 
 landtown, 1865-6, w. c. 
 
 [Antes, Henry, c. to America, 1726, Oly, Pa. 1730-48, a Moravian, 1748- 
 
 50, indep. 1750-5, d.] 
 
 His name is often referred to as " the pious and active German Reformed 
 layman of Frederick township," (now Montgomery Co., Pa.) He first ap- 
 pears prominently on the stage about 1736, though he had then been in Ame- 
 
24 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 rica more than ten years. He was a man of deep and earnest piety, and there- 
 fore could not fail of feeling a lively concern in the religious interests of the 
 early German immigrants. He was endowed with good talents, which 
 were cultivated by reading and study, so that he was well reported of 
 abroad as well as at home. The destitute spiritual condition of the people 
 compelled him, as a Christian, though unlicensed by the Church, to call 
 the people together for exhortation and prayer. He mourned over the 
 divisions existing among Christians, and heartily joined in the movement 
 of the time to unite all religious souls in what was called " The congrega- 
 tion of God in the Spirit." He was rejoiced when, in 1736, John Adam 
 Gruber invited all awakened souls to a new organization of union, which 
 resulted in the above-mentioned effort. He himself issued a call to all 
 Christians in 1741, to meet at Germantown, and which was followed by 
 six successive meetings, in the first half of 1742, of a similar character, 
 (called Synods,) and it was through these that "The congregation of God 
 in the Spirit" received formal organization. It received all evangelical 
 Christians, without interfering with their creeds ; yet they came together 
 in a common synod for the advancement of Christ's kingdom. Mr. Antes 
 was himself licensed by this Synod, 1742, to go forth and preach, and he 
 is universally spoken of by all in terms of highest praise. But this effort 
 for union, while showing the longings of the Christian world, was prema- 
 ture, and by 1748 had exhausted itself. In 1747 a Lutheran, and in 1748 
 a Reformed Synod were organized, and the Moravians also organized about 
 the same time, and each drew its own material to itself. Antes joined the 
 Moravians, but in 1750 separated from them on account of certain vestments 
 which were introduced in their communion service. Yet he frequently 
 afterward assisted them, showing that he cherished no ill-will. 
 
 Antonides, Yincentius, b. 1G70, c. to America 1705 ; Bushwick, Flatbush, 
 Flatlands, Brooklyn, New-Utrecht, Gravesend, 1705-44, also Jamaica 
 1705-'41, d. 1744. 
 
 A paper of the day says : " He was a gentleman of extensive learning, of 
 an easy, condescending behavior and conversation, and of a regular, exem- 
 plary piety, endeavoring to practice himself what he preached to others 
 was kind, benevolent, and charitable to all, according to his ability ; meek, 
 humble, patriotic, and resigned under all his afflictions, losses, calamities, 
 and misfortunes, which befell him in his own person and family. — See also 
 Doc. Hist. K Y., iii. 89-115, qt. ed. 
 
 Arcularius, And. M. R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 18G6, 1. CI. N.B. 1866; North- 
 Esopus, 1866— 
 
 Arondeus, Johannes, c. from Holland, 1742, Bushwick, Flatlands, Brook- 
 lyn, New-Utrecht, and Gravesend, 1742-7, Raritan, Readington, Harlin- 
 gen, Six Mile Run, and Three Mile Run, 1747-54, d. 
 He was a very troublesome and contrary man. The civil and ecclesiastical 
 
 records constantly refer to him, but only to present him in an unenviable 
 
THE MINISTRY. 25 
 
 character. He was a violent opponent of the Coctus. lie actually had 
 himself installed pastor of the churches in Somerset Co., by Fryenmoet, and 
 ministered to the enemies of Frelinghuysen. The Ilai'lingen records were 
 taken possession of by his partj', and his ecclesiastical acts recorded in 
 them, for all the surrounding churches. lie ordained new consistories for 
 Three Mile Run, Six Mile Run, Ilarlingen, Readington, and Raritan, and 
 his baptisms of the children of the disailected, in this region, are recorded 
 for seven years, from 1747. The Ilarlingen consistory started new records 
 (both books are still preserved) in 1749, and left the site of the old church, 
 selecting a new site for a new building. 
 
 Various petty and contemptible troubles are recorded of him on Long Is- 
 land, which are not worth the recital. He brought religion into contempt. 
 His people on Long Island called Van Sindcrin, in 1747, with whom he had 
 constant difficulties. He was charged with drunkenness and other crimes, 
 and finally Coetus secured his suspension from the ministry. His name 
 last appears in 1754, when it is supposed he died. — See Millstone Centen- 
 nial, and Neic- Brunswick Hist. Discourse, by Steele. 
 
 Atwater, Elnathan R. U.C. 1834; 1. Presbyt. Albany, 1848; (Tribe's 
 Hill, Presbyt.) 1848-51, (Ref. Ch. 1853,) Assist. Ed. Ch. Int. 1853- 
 68 ; Ed. CJi. Int. 18G8— 
 
 Aurand, Henry, P.S. 1825, Columbia, 1860-3. 
 
 Ayres, Sam. B. C.N.J. 1884, P.S., 1837, 1. Presbyt. Newton, 1837, Mini'- 
 sink, 1838-41, Ellenville, 1841-54, Vanderveer, 1854-66. 
 
 Baay, Jac. N.B.S. 1860 ; 1. CI. N.B., 1860, Keokuk, 1860-5. 
 
 Babbitt, Amzi, C.N.J. 1810, P.S. 1821, (Pequea, Pa. 18..-.., Presbyt.) 
 Philadelphia, 2d, 1834-5, (Salisbury, Pa., Presb., 18. .-. .,) d. 1846. 
 
 Backerus, Johannes, New-Amsterdam, 1647-9, returned to Holland. 
 
 He had, at a former period, been a minister in Curaooa, W. I., but had 
 returned to Holland; and now, on May 11th, 1647, arrived with Governor 
 Stuyvesant, at New-Amsterdam. lie had a salary of 1400 guilders. His 
 stay was short. He and the governor did not altogether agree. He read 
 papers from his pulpit referring to the provincial government, animadvert- 
 ing on it ; and though forbidden, yet, as a popular representative, he could 
 not be repressed. He sailed for Holland on August 15th, 1649, and there 
 took sides with the complainants against Stuyvesant's administration. He 
 is, perhaps, to be considered as a mere supply during the twenty-seven 
 months of his stay. 
 
 Bahler, Louis Henri, (s. of P. B. Biihler.) R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. 
 CI 1867; Coe)^mans, 1867— 
 
 Baiiler, Peter B., c. from Holland, 1865, Albany, (Hoi.,) 1865-6, Pa- 
 terson, (Hoi.,) 1866-8, Rochester, N.Y. (Hoi.,) 1868— 
 
26 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Bahler, p. G. M. (s. of p. B. Bahler,) R.O. 1868, Student in N.B.S. 
 
 Bailey, "Wm. E.G. 1842; N.B.S. 1845; 1. CI. Albany, 1845; Helder- 
 bergh, 1845-7, Schodack, 1847-55, Constantine, 1855-6.3, also Mott- 
 Tille, 1856-63, also Porter, 1859-63, Albany, 3d, 1863-68, White- 
 house, 1868— 
 
 Baird, Chs. W. From Presbyt. Ch., 1S60. 
 
 Baldwin', Eli, b. at Ilackensack, 1794, University Col. of Med., 1817, 
 N.B.S. 1820, ordained as a Miss, to Georgetown, D.C. 1822-4, Miss, 
 agent in N.J. and Pa., 1824^5, Houston St., N.Y.C., 1825-89, d. 
 
 Baldwin, John Abeel, Y.C. 1829, A.S. and P.S. 1835, 
 Flatlands and New-Utrecht, 1836-52, (Lancaster, Pa., Ger. Ref. 1853-6, 
 New-Providence, N.J. Presbyt., 1856 — ) 
 
 Baldwin, John C. 1. CI. N.B. 1832. 
 
 Ballagh, Jas. II. R.C. 1857; N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Bergen, 1860; voyage 
 to Japan, May-Aug., 1861, Kanagawa, 1861-3, Yokohama, 1863 — 8. 
 
 Ballagh, Wm. II. R.C. 1860; N.B.S. 1863; 1. CI. N.B. 1863; Union, 
 1865-8, East-Berne and Knox, 1868— 
 
 Barcolo lie. by Coetus, 1758. 
 
 Barcolo, Geo., b. at New-Utrecht, 17. ., C.C, 1795 (?), stud, theol. under 
 Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798; Hopewell and New-Hackensack, 1805- 
 10, d. 1832. 
 
 Bartholf, B. a. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Passaic, 1864; Fair- 
 Haven, 1864-8, Pascack, 1868— 
 
 [Bartholomaus, Dorainicus, c. to America, 1748, Tulpehocken, 1748-59, 
 d.] 
 
 Bassett, John, b. at Bushwick, 1764, C.C. 1786, stud, under Living- 
 ston, 1. by Syn. R.D. Chs. 1787; Albany, 1787-1804, Boght, (CI. 
 Schoharie,) 1805-11, Gravesend and Bushwick, 1811-24, d. ; also Prof, 
 of Heb. Lang. 1804-12. 
 
 He was a man of extraordinary erudition, and an excellent Hebrew and 
 classical scholar. He trained a number of young men for the ministry. 
 He was an edifying preacher, though not gifted with great vividness of imag- 
 ination, or with eloquence. He translated from the Dutch, and published, 
 in 1801, The Pious Communicant, a work of Rev. Peter Immens, pastor at 
 Middleburg, Holland. It consists of two volumes, and nearly 600 pages, 
 octavo. 
 
 Basslcr, Benj. S., b. at Berne, N.Y. 1808, U.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1833, New- 
 Rhinebeck and Sharon, 1833-8, Farmerville, 1838-66, d. 
 His grandparents emigrated to this country from Switzerland in order to 
 
 escape religious persecution, and to enjoy the unrestricted exercise of their 
 
THE MINISTRY. 2 7 
 
 religious faith. He was born and nurtured in the very atmosphere of reli- 
 gion, having been consecrated to God by his mother, from the very incep- 
 tion of his being, and trained from his earliest years to the associations 
 and duties of piety. From the time of his conversion, at sixteen, he felt 
 called to engage in the sacred work of the Christian ministry. After a 
 course of preparatory study in the Albany Academy, he entered Rutgers 
 College; but, in consequence of sickness at home rendering a nearer resi- 
 dence necessary, he completed his course at Union, lie was possessed of 
 a thoroughly genial nature. The cordiality and warmth of his natural dis- 
 position was, perhaps, the most striking trait in his character. He drew 
 to himself a large circle of acquaintance, and won general regard by the 
 kindliness of his nature, and the easy fiimiliarity of his intercourse. No 
 one was ever repelled from his presence by any appearance of reserve, or 
 by the coldness of an unsocial spirit. He was always cheerful and always 
 attractive. He became, therefore, an endeared member of the domestic 
 and social circle, a most agreeable companion during the intervals of eccle- 
 siastical meetings, and a welcome visitor in discharging the duties of the 
 pastoral relation. Indeed, his spontaneous frankness of manner and friend- 
 liness of heart, by making him easy of access to all, and bringing him into 
 ready sympathy with all, laid the foundation, under Divine grace, for a vast 
 amount of usefulness. But he was also a man of most serious and earnest 
 piety. His faith was ardent; his convictions settled and unwavering; and 
 he was capable at all times of being stirred with religious emotion. Al- 
 though of an uncommonly lively and happy spirit, he never allowed him- 
 self to jest with sacred subjects, and his whole demeanor unconsciously be 
 trayed the powerful hold which Divine truth had upon his judgment and 
 affections. None that ever heard him could forget his tremulous tones and 
 devout spirit in prayer, or the earnestness and pathos of his appeals to im- 
 penitent sinners. 
 
 Thus he was qualified, both by nature and by grace, to render eminent 
 services in winning souls to Christ. Through a long and unbroken series of 
 years, he performed the functions of a useful and fruitfid pastorate. Ilis 
 carefully prepared sermons were logical in order and pointed in application. 
 They abounded in evangelical sentiment and practical expositions of Chris- 
 tian doctrine. And the best evidence of their power remains in the strong 
 and united church of Farmerville, in which tlie~most delightful harmony 
 and peace have ever dwelt, and from which he departed univeisall}^ beloved 
 and lamented. — T. S. D. 
 
 Bates, Elisha W. Stuyvesant Falls, 1S57-G5, susp. 
 
 Beardsley, J. W. N.B.S. 18G3; 1. CI. N.B. 18G3 ; Rosendalc, 1863, 
 Constantine and Mottville, 1863-4, Constantino and S.S. at Porter, 
 1864^ 
 
 Beatt}-, Jas. U.C. 1834, from Presb. Louisiana, 1854; Fordham, 1854- 
 6, Presbyt. 
 
28 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Beattie, John, b. 1784, U.C. 1806, studied under Proudfit, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 1808; Miss, in West. N.Y. and Canada, 1809-10, New-Utrecht, 1809- 
 34, Buffalo, (S.S.,) 1838-42, pastor, 1842-4, d. 1864. 
 
 Beck, T. Romeyn, R.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. N.B. 1862 ; Chap. 13th 
 Reg. N.J.V. 1862-3, Prof, of Latin and Greek, Holland Acad. .1863-5, 
 Prof, in Hope College, 1865— 
 
 Becker, Chs. North-Bergen and Hackensack, 3d, 1857-60, Naumberg 
 and New-Bremen, 1860 — 
 
 [Becker, Christian Ludwig, Baltimore, Md., 17. ., Tercent. 529.] 
 
 [Bechtel, John, b. 1690, in Palatinate, c. to America, 1720, unlicensed; 
 Gerraantown, Pa., 1728-44, a Moravian, d. 1777. In 1733 he reed, a 
 regular call, and in 1742 was ordained, by a Moravian bishop, as a Ger. 
 Ref. minister. He signed the Bern Articles.] 
 
 Bechthold, a. H. From Suffolk Assoc, Mass. ; Holland, 2d, at Paterson, 
 1866— 
 
 Beekman, Jacob B. T. U.C. 1822, N.B.S. 1825, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 
 1825 ; Middletown, N.J. 1825-36, w. c. 1836-47, Presb. 
 
 Beidler, F. P. South-Bend, 1853-54, Prin. of Holland School, 1854-5, 
 Miss, at Holland, Wis. 1855, Ridgeway, 1855-56, Macon, 1856-57, 
 1867, Ger. Ref. 
 
 Bellenger, Henry, Secession GhurcTi, 1827-9, Independent, at Sharon., 
 'i^^iWynanVs, and Poostefs Kill, 1829-18. .. 
 
 Benedict, Wm. A. From Presbyt. Catskill, 1856 ; Gilboa, 1856-7, w. c. 
 
 Bennett, Asa, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; Schodack, 1825-7, Ovid, 
 1829-38, Constantine, 184-3^5, d. 18... 
 
 Bentley, E. W. Y.O. 1850, East-Windsor Theolog. Inst. 1854, lie. by 
 Hartford 4th Assoc, 1854; EUenville, 1854— 
 
 Berdan, John, lie. ly Seceders, 1830, AquaclcanoncTc, sec. 1830. 
 
 Berg, Herman C. R.C, 1866, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Berg, Jos. F. Philadelphia 1st, (G.R.C.) 1837-52, when both pastor and 
 people united with Ref. Dutch ; as such Philadelphia 2d, 1852-61, Prof 
 of Didactic Theology at New-Brunswick, 1861 — 
 
 Berger, Martin Luther, W. C, 1859, U.S. 1862, 1. 8d Presb. N.Y., 
 1862; Miss, at Dry Dock, Presbyt. N.Y.C. 18G2-3, East-Millstone, 
 1863-6, Fishkill, on the Hudson, 1866, Jan.— 
 
 Bernakt, Jas. E. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Phil. 1851 ; S.S. Up- 
 per Neversink, and Brown Settlement, 1851-4, Upper Neversink, 1854- 
 0, Miss, at Boardville, 1856— 
 
 Berry, J. Romeyn, (grandson of J. V. C. Romeyn,) R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 
 
Till-: MINISTRY. 29 
 
 1850, 1. CI. Bergen, 1850; Pierinont, 1850-1, Syracuse, 1851-7, Kin- 
 derhook, 1857-63, Jersey City, 3d, 18G3-8, (St. Paul's, ]\Iin. Presbyt. 
 1868— 
 
 Beruy, Philip, (grandson of J. V. C. Romcyn,) R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 
 1. CI. Bergen, 1860; Grand Rapids, 1860-61, Glenville, 2d, 1802-3, Bei- 
 rut, Syria, Am. Board, 1863-5, Athens, Pa., 18G6-8. 
 
 Bcrtholf, Guilliam, 1. by CI. ^liddlcburgh, Holland, 1693, Aquackanonck 
 
 and Hackcnsack, 1694-1724, d. 
 
 He had come to Hackensack with the early emigrants in the capacity of 
 catechiser, voorleser, and schoolmaster. "With such acceptance and useful- 
 ness did he discharge his trust, that the people sent him to Holland, in 
 1693, to be licensed and ordained as their minister, although Selyns, in 
 New-York, and Van Varick, on Long Island, and Dcllius, at Albany, were 
 fully ordained ministers in this country. This was the second instance of 
 that troublesome and expensive system, pursued more or less for the next 
 seventy-five years, of sending men all the way to Holland for the imposi- 
 tion of hands, until some noble spirits rebelled against the dallying formali- 
 ty. It is said of him, " He was in possession of a mild and placid elo- 
 quence, which persuaded by its gentleness, and attracted by the sweetness 
 which it distilled and the holy savor of piety which it diffused around." 
 
 He was for the first fifteen years of his ministry the only Dutch preacher 
 in New-Jersey. In 1709, Morgan was added to him in Monmouth Co., and 
 in 1720, Frelinghuysen on the Raritan. He had, in fact, the spiritual 
 charge of all the Dutch inhabitants of New-Jersey. He oflSciated regu- 
 larly through his whole ministry at all the surrounding churches, even at 
 Tarrytown, on the east side of the Hudson. The records of Tappan, Tar- 
 rytown, Staten Island, and Raritan show many services by him, and they 
 regarded him as their pastor. It is also known that he officiated at Ponds, 
 Pompton, Belleville, and many other places. He was in his day the itine- 
 rant apostle of New-Jersey. — Sec Taylor''s Annals. 
 
 Bertholf, Jas. H. R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Paramus, 1867; 
 Unionville and Greenburgh, 1867 — 
 
 Bethune, Geo. W., b. in N.Y.C. 1805, D.C. 1823, P.S. 1826, Miss, to 
 colored people and sailors. Savannah, Ga. 1826, Rhinebeck, 1827-30, 
 Utica, 1831-4, Philadelphia, 1st, 1834-6, Philadelphia, 3d, 1837-49, 
 Brooklyn Heights, 1850-9, New-York, 21st St. 1859-62, d. 
 He stood in the front rank of ministers of the Gospel. Originally en- 
 dowed with a fine mind, and furnished with every possible facility for cul- 
 tivating and furnishing it, he achieved a very high degree of success in the 
 pulpit and elsewhere. A thorough master of English, of finished taste, 
 fertile in thought, rich in illustration, skilled in dialectics, familiar with the 
 stores of the past, yet with a quick eye to the present, a proficient in 
 lelles-httres, he had almost every literary requisite for the composition of 
 sermons. "When to this it is added that he was sound in the faith and had 
 
30 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 his heart in the work, that he had a most musical voice of rare compass 
 and modulation, it is not wonderful that his reputation stood so high. He 
 was a close and diligent student, and never was ashamed to confess it. 
 His platform efforts were always hnpromptu, but for the pulpit he felt con- 
 scientiously bound to make careful and thorough preparation. 
 
 In occasional addresses, he gave free play to his genial humor and ready 
 wit, (which he never did in the pulpit,) and thus became a great favorite in 
 all popular assemblies. He was unusually favored in the variety of his 
 accomplishments. He had a nice ear for music, and sometimes composed 
 sacred harmonies ; he had a fine taste in painting and sculpture ; he was an 
 accomplished Latinist and Grecian ; he was familiar with a number of 
 modern languages, some of which he spoke fluently ; he was well read in 
 the history of philosophy, and his general information was both extensive 
 and accurate. 
 
 At an early age he betrayed a poetical genius, to which, however, he 
 never gave full scope. His poetry is characterized more by delicacy of 
 feeling and chasteness of diction than by power or poetic fancy, and nearly 
 all the subjects chosen for his poems were of a religious character. 
 
 He was a man of very genial nature, sympathetic and companionable, 
 destitute of formality and reserve, with a rich fund of anecdote and a 
 sparkling wit, which gave a pungent zest to his conversation. He was the 
 life of the social circle. Nor was this mere good-fellowship, for he had 
 real kindness of heart, which was manifest in various effective ways to all 
 who were near him. 
 
 The pulpit was the place where he loved to labor, and where he espe- 
 cially excelled and wielded his greatest power. His fame in his beloved 
 work of preaching Christ is almost world-wide. For orator}'' he had a 
 natural adaptation, which was very early shown. But he also studied the 
 best authorities, and by wise culture and careful direction properly de- 
 veloped those qualities which God had given him, and the result was a 
 natural, individual manner peculiarly his own. He was not cast in any 
 body's mould. He swayed large audiences at his will, sending an inde- 
 scribable thrill through every chord of the heart as he pictured his various 
 scenes ; in his religious services he melted to tears, and in his popular ad- 
 dresses he convulsed multitudes with merriment. 
 
 He realized very deeply that his pulpit was a consecrated place, and that 
 his work there, whether as the mouth of God to the people or as the mouth 
 of the people to God, was of the most responsible character. Hence it was 
 with him a matter of special concern that the highest possible interest 
 should be given to every part of the service. The selection of his hymns 
 or psalms was very carefully made, and these were read in a manner to 
 give them the fullest effect on the hearer ; and no man understood better 
 than he how to accomplish this. 
 
 His devotional exercises were what they claimed to be — the outpouring 
 of a full heart at the mercy-seat, tenderly alive to all the interests with 
 whicli he was charged, and especially making himself one with his people. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 31 
 
 whom he loved most tenderly. All was solemn, liumblc, simple, earnest, 
 with no rambling into the field of fancy, no proclamation of his views on 
 the conflicting theories of theology, no attempt to show how much he 
 knew and how well he could exhibit it, but all was trul}' devotional. One 
 felt, as he joined with him in prayer, that he was really holding converse 
 with an inthiitely holy Being, and occupied a place ver}'^ near the throne, 
 and was bowed down by its overpowering holiness. 
 
 So when he preached, it was as a legate of the skies — as one appointed 
 of God to minister in his name — as having a message from (iod to dying 
 man, a word of consolation to the sorrowing, as well as of instruction to 
 the ignorant. His preaching was eminently evangelical and bililical, and 
 no hearer could avoid the impression tliat the treasures of the (jospel were 
 inexhaustible. 
 
 Christ and Him crucified was the theme in which he delighted and on 
 which he expended all his strength. And learned as he was, having great 
 literary treasures at command, yet his sermons M'ere marked with tlie 
 utmost simplicity. He was also courageous and faithful as a preacher. 
 The fear of men did not influence him. Hence he was ever ready to proclaim 
 the most humbling and unpalatable doctrines of the word of life, as cir- 
 cumstances required. He did not hesitate to assume whatever responsi- 
 bility fairl}'' belonged to a servant of the living God. His theology was that 
 of the Reformation. Yet he was no stranger to the metaphysics or the phi- 
 losophy of modern theologians and those of the German schools. 
 
 In his pulpit exercises a special importance was given to Scripture read 
 ing. He felt bound to honor, on all occasions, the Bible, and his care was 
 so to read that men should feel that it was God's word they heard, and so 
 to hear as to understand. His selections were most judiciously made with 
 reference to the subject of his discourse, as was the case with the hymns 
 chosen for praise, so that a perfect harmony reigned in the services of the 
 sanctuary. Nothing was carelessly done or allowed to pass oft' in a slovenly 
 manner. — From Memorial Sermon ly I. F. See Memoir hy Van Nest. 
 
 Betten, Antonie J. 1862. 
 
 Betts, Wm. R. S. U.C. 1826, P.S. 1830, (Phelps, N.Y, Upper Freehold, 
 N.J. Mt. Holly, N.J.,) Spottswood, 1842-5, Leeds, 1845-50, Athens, 
 (S.S.,) 1851-4, Grahamville, 1854-6, Shokan and Shandaken, 1850-61. 
 
 Beviek, John H., b. 1805, studied under AVestbrook, and N.B.S. 1831, 1. 
 CI. N.B. 1831 ; Shawangunk, 1831-43, Ed. Christian Intelligencer, 1843- 
 52 ; Fordham, 1851-3, Glenham, 1853-00, Rensselaer, 1800-3, Rosen- 
 dale, 186^7, S.S. New-Concord, 1867— 
 
 Beys, Henricus, Kingston, 1706-8 or 10. Harlem, 1710. Col. Hist. v. 326, 
 354, Doc. Uist. iii. ; became, perhaps. Episcopalian at Harlem, 1712. 
 
 Bielfield, H. From G. R. Ch. 1855, Ger. Ref. Harlem, 1855. 
 
 Bingham, Lewis G. L. by Presbyt. 18. ., 1865 — 
 
32 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Birkby, John, b. at Yorkshire, Eng. 1792, Rotherham Coll. Eng. 18.. ; 
 
 ordained by the Congregationalists, (Earl Shelton, Leicester, Eng. 18. . ; 
 
 Tockholes, Lancaster, Eng. 18.. -35; Hanover, N.H. 1835-40;) Ganse- 
 
 voort, 1840^5, d. 1861. 
 
 He was rather shrinking and reserved than covetous of prominence and 
 notoriety; prone ever to think more highly of others than himself, and 
 timid in the exercise of gifts which he was known to possess and to be 
 capable of wielding with effect. He was a man of singular simplicity and 
 modesty, choosing the lowest seats, seldom taking part in discussion. But 
 when his heart became deeply enlisted, and he was fairly drawn out by 
 the strength of his convictions, he would speak with propriety, point, and 
 power, revealing a clear head, logical intellect and hoarded resources of a 
 vio"orous and independent mind. He was well read, thoroughly familiar 
 with the Word, and able at will to draw from the sacred armory the wea- 
 pon needed. His faith w^as that of a little child. He loved to sit at the 
 feet of Jesus. He was impatient of all refinements designed to rob the 
 atoning blood of a particle of its efficacy. 
 
 Birkey, Ab., b. 1806, (Detroit, Ger. Ref. 1849-52,) 2d G. D. R. Ch. 
 N.Y.C. 1852-65, d. 1867. 
 
 Bishop, Alex. H., b. at New-Haven, 1810, Y.C. 1830, 1. by Connecticut 
 
 Assoc. 18. . ; Astoria, 1840-53, d. 1854. 
 
 He was a remarkable man. To natural powers of a high order he added 
 years of unceasing culture. He had explored the varied fields of literature, 
 and his views on most subjects were in advance of those of his age. Few 
 knew the elevated standard which he had attained, for to all his intellec- 
 tual cultivation there was joined a shrinking delicacy and an unusual re- 
 serve which did not reveal his true character. Independent of men and of 
 their sentiments, he was frequently misunderstood. He was evidently ma- 
 turing for high purposes, (for all the results of his study and research were 
 devoted to the glory of God and the good of man ;) but God took him in 
 the midst of his usefulness and promise. His last words were, " I trust in 
 the Gospel as I preached it." — M. S. H. 
 
 [Bithahn, . Western North-Carolina, 178..] 
 
 Blair, Robert J., b. in N.J. 1800, N.B.S. 1823, 1. CI. , 1823; Miss. 
 
 to Princetown and Guilderland, (Helderbergh,) 1824, Miss, to Salem, 
 
 1825, Princetown and Helderbergh, 1825-7, Helderbergh, 1827-30, 
 
 w. c. 1867, d. 
 
 He is remembered for his eminently consistent life as a Christian and as 
 a minister of Christ, for the evangelical character of his preaching and his 
 zeal. Meek and inoifensive as he w'as, few men have been more faithful in 
 the discharge of pastoral duty, preaching the Gospel by the wayside and 
 from house to house. Few men have been more willing to speak to their 
 fellow-men for their good and for the honor of the Master. It pleased God 
 
THE MINISTRY. 83 
 
 that he should glorify him by patient endurance of suflering, often intense, 
 for many years. But few of his friends at the time of his death could re- 
 member him as a well man. He was for weeks together the welcome 
 guest of many families in different parts of New-York and New-Jersey, 
 which still retain the sweet savor of his godly example and pious converse. 
 His latter years were spent in Bedminstcr, where he finally fell asleep. 
 
 Ii\ I). V. K. 
 
 Blauvelt, Augustus, B.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1801, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 18G1 ; 
 assistant in Madison St. Chapel, N.Y.C. 1861-3, voyage to China, Oct. 
 1862-Feb. '63, Amoy, China, 18C3-4, voyage to America, Sept. -Dec. « 
 1864, Bloomingdale, N.Y. 1866— 
 
 Blauvelt., Cor. J. Lie. by Seceders, 1828 ; ScJiraalenlnirffh, 1828-52, Jlaek- 
 ensaeJc and English Keighlorhood, 1852-9, d. 18G1. 
 
 Blauvelt, Cor. J. N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Paramus, 1842, Schraalenburgb, 
 1842-58, Blue Mountain, 1859-62, Woodstock, (S.S.) 1864-5, Closter 
 City, (S.S.) 1866— 
 
 Blauvelt, Cor. R. East New- York, 1868 — 
 
 Blauvelt, Geo. M. S. (s. of Rev. Blauvelt, of Lamington, Presbyt.) 
 
 N.Y.U. 1850, P.S. 1853, 1. Presbyt. 1853 ; (Chester, N.J. 1853-6, Ra- 
 cine, Wis. 1856-9, Lyon's Farm, 1859-64, Presbyt.) Tappan, 1864— 
 
 Blauvelt, Isaac, b. about 1750, Q.C. 1783, stud, theol. under J. R. 
 Hardenbergh, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1780 ; Fishkill and Hopewell, 1783-90, 
 Paramus and Saddle River, 1790-Nov. '91, susp. : restored to church 
 membership, 1824, d. about 1840. 
 
 Blauvelt, Timothy, Q.C. 1782, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. by Gen. 
 Meeting of Mins. and Elds. 1784. 
 
 Blaw, Cornelius, Pompton Plains, Fairfield, Totowa, and Boonton, 1762-8, 
 
 Hackensack, (2d,) and Schraalenburgb, (2d,) 1768-71. 
 
 He appears to have been a troublesome man of the Conferentie party, in- 
 vading the congregations of others, accepting calls from the disaffected, and 
 illegally administering the ordinances to them. 
 
 Blom, Hermanus, Esopus, Sept. 12th, lGG0-March-5th, 1667, returned to 
 
 Holland. 
 
 Letters from Domines Megapolensis and Drisius had excited deep in- 
 terest in Holland concerning the destitution of the American churches, 
 (1659,) but no settled pastor could be induced to leave his field. The 
 Chassis then urged Hermanus Blom, a candidate for the ministry, to come 
 to the New World. He arrived in April, 1659, and as Esopus seemed 
 most in need, he was sent thither. Before, they had in that place only 
 comforters of the sick, who read to them on the Sabbath days. He ac- 
 cordingly visited Esopus and preached two sermons. A church was at 
 once organized, and he was called to become their pastor. He accepted 
 8 
 
34 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the call, and sailed for Holland in September, 1G59, to submit to the final 
 examination and receive ordination. On February 16th, 16G0, he returned, 
 " ordained to preach on water and on the land, and in all the neighbor- 
 hood, but specially at Esopus." In three years his church had grown from 
 sixteen to sixty members. At the Indian massacre at Wiltwyck, in 16G3, 
 he acted most bravely, helping to drive away the savages. — I)oc. Hist. iii. 
 581 ; Col. Hist. ii. 223. 
 
 [Blumer, Abraham, (s. of Rev. John J. Blumer, of Graps,) b. 1736, in 
 Switzerland, studied at Basle, ordained, 1756 ; chap, in a Swiss reg. 
 1756-66 ; c. to America, 1771, Allentown, Jordan, Schlosser's Ch., and 
 Egypt, all in Lehigh Co. Pa. 1771-1801, resigned, d. 1822.] 
 
 BoDiNE, Geo. D. W. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Geneva, 1864; Ad- 
 disville. Pa. 1864-8, Germantown, N.Y. 1868— 
 
 Boehm, J. Lie. by R. D. ministers in New-York City, 1729 ; Whitpain, 
 Germantown, and Philadelphia, 1729-47, Whitpain, 1747-9, d. Sup- 
 plied also occasionally, Magunchy, Tulpehocken, and Egypt, Pa. 
 He was the first German Reformed minister in America. He had been 
 a schoolmaster in the Palatinate. He arrived about 1726. His home was 
 about sixteen miles west of Philadelphia. He began to preach before 
 he had a regular license, that the people might not suffer for lack of in- 
 struction. He obtained a license as soon as circumstances rendered it pos- 
 sible. The Classis of Amsterdam, in 1729, directed him to be ordained by 
 the ministers in New-York, (Boel and Gualterus Du Bois,) and ratified all 
 the ecclesiastical acts he had previously done. He visited various settle- 
 ments at a distance from his home, and preached in Philadelphia and Ger- 
 mantown once a month. Difficulties arose in 1743 with the Lutherans, 
 through the preaching of Count Zinzendorf, and which were not quieted 
 for many years. The difficulties began through the Lutherans and Re- 
 formed using one edifice. He also got in controversy with the Moravians 
 living on the forks of the Delaware, publishing a pamphlet against their 
 tenets. He himself was chai'ged by his opponents with teaching an abso- 
 lute reprobation. His pamphlet was answered by George Neisser, a school- 
 master, in Bethlehem. He and the Classis of Amsterdam, with which he 
 was connected, were ridiculed by his opponents for the severitj"- of their 
 doctrine. He died suddenly. His descendants are numerous. "Boehm's 
 Church" yet marks the place of his residence and labors in the district 
 west of Philadelphia. 
 
 [Boehme, Chas. Lewis, c. to America, 1770 ; Lancaster, Pa. 1771-5, 
 M'Allister's, (or Hanover,) 1775-81, Baltimore, 1781-2.] 
 
 BoEHRER, John, studied under Guldin ; 1. N. CI. L.I. 1855 ; West-Ley- 
 den, 1856-62, JefFersonville, Thumansville, and Milesville, 1862-5, 
 w. c. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 35 
 
 Bocl, Ilcnricup, New-York, 1713-54, d. Officiated also frequently in all 
 
 the surrounding churches. 
 
 His brother, a lawyer, drew up the charges against Frelinghuyscn for 
 demanding the necessity of regeneration before communion, in a pamphlet 
 of 150 pages. He ordained a new consistory, in J. II. (ioetschius' charge, 
 on Long Island, among those disaffected, and re-bapti/,ed their children. 
 He was an enemy of the Coetus. His correspondence with the Classis of 
 Amsterdam shows his ultraism. "With JIancius, at Kingston, and Mutze- 
 lius, at Tappan, he bitterly opposed tho efforts for ecclesiastical inde- 
 pendence. While his colleague, Du Bois, was frequently sought after as a 
 peacemaker, Boel was seldom, if ever. His portrait in the Consistory-room 
 in New- York is an evidence of his character. Yet such was the judicious 
 course and amiable spirit of his colleague, that they seem never to have 
 come in collision. 
 
 Boelen, Hermanus Lancelot, Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster Baj', and Suc- 
 cess, 17GG-72, Oyster Bay and Newtown, 1772-80. 
 He was a Tory in the Revolution, and in 1780 returned to Holland. His 
 warm prayers for the king exasperated the Whigs. He was a widower, 
 accompanied by his daughter, and his language is said to have been too 
 pure and high-flown for the people. He was of small stature, but had a 
 stentorian voice. — //. Ondcrdonlc. 
 
 Bogardus, Cornelius, studied thcol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1808; 
 Schenectady, 1808-11 ; d. 
 
 Bogardus, Cornelius, b. at Fishkill, 1785, N.B.S. 1818, 1. CI. N.B. 1818; 
 Miss, to Madison and Warren Cos. N.Y. 1818-20, Beaverdam, 1821-5, 
 Wynantskill, 182G-32, Boght, 1834-8, Gilboa and Conesville, 1838^2, 
 supplied Blenheim for a time, a teacher, 1843-54, d. 
 
 Bogardus, Everardus, New-Amsterdam, 1G33-47. 
 
 For a long time he ■was thought to have been the first minister in New- 
 Netherlands, but see Michaelius. He arrived with Governor Yan Twiller, 
 in April, 1G33, accompanied by Adam Roelandsen, a schoolmaster. The 
 people of New-Amsterdam had worshiped in a loft .since 1G26 ; but this was 
 now replaced by a plain wooden building like a barn, situated near the 
 East-River, in what is now Broad street, between Pearl and Bridge. Near 
 by a parsonage was also provided. Yan Twiller's government was not 
 what it ought to have been, and he received a severe reprimand from Bo- 
 ' gardus, who styled him " a cliild of the devil," and threatened him with 
 such a shake from the pulpit on the following Sabbath as would make him 
 shudder. This coarse and unbecoming conduct was afterward charged 
 ag.ainst him. 
 
 He was a widower when he arrived, but in 1C38 he married Anneke 
 Jans, widow of Roeloff Jans. She was of Rensellaerwyck. Her first hus- 
 band had received a valuable grant of land near Red Hook. He had also 
 secured from Van Twiller a grant of sixty-two acres on Manhattan Island, 
 
3G THE MINISTRY. 
 
 a little north-west of Fort Amsterdam. This was the original conveying 
 of the valuable estate north of Warren street, in New-York, now in posses- 
 sion of the corporation of Trinity Church. Anneke Jans had four children 
 when she married Bogardus — namely, Sarah, who married John Kierstead 
 and afterward Cornelius Van Bussum ; Catharine, who married John Van 
 Brou'^h • Fytie, who married Peter Hartgers ; and Jan, who married An- 
 netje Peters, in 1082. Four more were added by her second marriage — 
 namely, William, who married Wyntje Sybrends; Cornelius, born 1640, 
 who married Rachel De Witt ; Jonas, born 1643, unmarried ; and Petrus. 
 From these have descended the innumerable heirs of Anneke Jans, em- 
 bracing, by various intermarriages, almost all the names of the original 
 Dutch families, and who have frequently attempted litigation with the cor- 
 poration of Trinity Church concerning the above-mentioned property. 
 
 As early as 1638, Bogardus wished to go to Holland to answer Van 
 Dincklagen's charges against him, but he could not be spared. He had a 
 daughter married in 1G42, M'hich event, after several rounds of drink, was 
 seized by the Governor as a fit opportunity to secitre subscriptions for a 
 new church building. Many of the subscriptions were bitterly repented of 
 afterward, but without avail. The Domine jDrotested against Kiefts's mur- 
 derous slaughter of the neighboring Indians in 1643 ; and two years later, 
 when Kieft refused the right of appeal to the fatherland, the Domine boldly 
 denounced him from the pulpit, standing as he did on the side of the peo- 
 ple's rights. Kieft had before this charged the Domine with drunkenness 
 and siding with the malcontents. The Governor and many of the ofBcers 
 now remained away from church services, and excited parties to drum and 
 shout during service. At last Kieft cited Bogardus for trial, and matters 
 grew worse and worse till mutual friends interfered. After the arrival of 
 Governor Stuyvesant to supersede Kieft, in July, 1647, both Kieft, with a 
 large fortune, and Bogardus sailed in the same vessel to Europe to give an 
 account to their superiors, (August 16th, 1047.) But by mistake they got 
 into Bristol Channel and were wrecked off the coast of Wales, and both 
 were lost. Out of one hundred lives, only twenty were saved. His widow 
 returned to Beverwyck, (Albany,) where she died in 1663. 
 
 Bogardus, Francis M. (s. of Cor. Bogardus, (2.) ) B.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1803, 
 1. N. CI. L.I. 1863 ; Greenbush, 1804— 
 
 Bogardus, Nannixg, Ilelderbergh, 1830-3, Fort Plain, 1834-5, Wood- 
 stock, 1838-42, Sharon, 1840-8, Westerlo, 1849-50, Gallupville, 1852-0, 
 
 S.S. Canastota, 1858-9, S.S. Spraker's Basin, 1861-0, w. c. ; d. 
 
 1808. 
 
 Bogardus, Wm. E. B.C. 1800, N.B.S. 1803, 1. N. CI. L.I. 1803 ; Middle- 
 burgh, (S.S.) 1863-4, Unionville and Greenburgh, 1865, Jan.-67, sup- 
 plied Stuyvesant Falls, 1867-8, Miss, to Norris, 111. 1808— 
 
 Bogardus, Wm. R. U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1810 ; New- 
 
TIIK MINISTRY. 37 
 
 Paltz and New-Hurley, 1817-28, Ncw-Paltz, 1828-31, Aquackanonck, 
 
 1831-5G, resigned, d. 18G2. 
 
 Few servants of Christ in the American Church have been more abun- 
 dant in labors and in substantial spiritual results. Unaffectedly modest 
 and retiring, ho was best known and best beloved in the two charges in 
 which he had labored. lie always spoke of Nevv-Paltz and Hurley, where 
 he first settled, as his Jirst love. Two liundred and eiglity were received 
 into the church during the fifteen years of his ministry among them. He 
 was a fearless, faithful, sound expositor of the word of God. There was 
 an unction, too, in his delivery, a silvery clearness in his tones of utterance, 
 that caught the ear of the listless hearer, and went thrilling home to the 
 awakened conscience and the believing heart. Besides this, he was instant 
 in season and out of season. He was faithful and earnest in his every 
 duty. In his intercourse with his flock, there was a suavity combined 
 with native dignity which attracted all classes and ages. He was every 
 whit a Christian gentleman. In his appointments he was scrupulously 
 punctual. In pastoral labors he was abundant and indeHitigable. He was 
 peculiarly happy in his offices to the sick and bereaved. There was a 
 spiritual power in his pastoral ministrations which, in connection with his 
 labors in the pulpit, must account for the unusuallj^ large number of souls 
 brought into the kingdom by his ministry. Sweet and melting, and often 
 overpowering, were his addresses at the communion-table. He was always 
 prominent, too, in every good work. He was the pioneer of the tempe- 
 rance reform in Ulster County. When the parsonage barn was raised, he 
 dared to introduce the innovation of dispensing with the use of liquors on 
 such occasions. On an inverted hogshead were placed, instead of the 
 death-dealing poison, a pitcher of cold water and a bundle of temperance 
 tracts. As his end drew near, not a shadow or fear disturbed him. 
 
 Bogart, David Schuyler, b. in N.Y.C. 1770, C.C. 1790, studied Theol. under 
 Livingston, 1. by Synod of R.D. Churches, 1792; Miss, along the Hudson, 
 and to the North, as far as St. Croi.x, 1792, Albany, as an assistant, 1792 
 -6, (South-Hampton, L. I., Presbyt.) 1796-180G, Bloomingdalc, 180G-7, 
 (South-Hampton again,) 1807-13, Success and Oyster Baj', 1813-26, d. 
 1839. 
 
 As a student he was zealous and indefatigable. ' His researches extended 
 to many departments of science and literature. He sought in them all, 
 truth, rather than mere knowledge. He, therefore, ever stood forth as the 
 fearless and uncompromising advocate of truth. He habituated himself to 
 read the Greek Testament, so as to feel the idiomatic force of the original. 
 He was conspicuous for uncommon quickness of perception, great clearness 
 in the presentation of his views, facility of diction, and a graceful and im- 
 pressive oratory. His frequent contributions to literary journals of the 
 city, his extensive private correspondence, and his public ministrations, 
 were all characterized by this abiding and unconquerable love of truth. In 
 temperament he was cheerful, kind, and generous, and in deportment uni- 
 
38 THE MINISTKT. 
 
 formly bland and affable. To these qualities of heart and intellect was 
 united a memory of surprising vigor and tenacity, from whose rich stores 
 his friends might derive instruction and gratification, ever new and ever 
 interesting. 
 
 BoGEBT, Nic. J. M. E.G. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. N.Y. 1867; Metuchen, 
 
 18G7— 
 Bogert, Samuel, studied under Froeligh, 1. 1804, d. 1868. 
 
 BoiCE, Ika CON0ICT, Carhsle Col. Pa. 1823, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. N.B. 1826; 
 Salem and Union, 1826-9, Bergen Neck, 1829-44, Claverack, 1844-59, 
 North-Hempstead, 1859 — 
 
 BoLKS, S. From Holland; Overyssel, 1851-3, Grand Haven, 1858-5, Mil- 
 waukee, 1855-61, Chicago, 1st, 1861-2, High and Low Prairie, 1862-5, 
 Zeeland, 1865— 
 
 Bolton, Jas. U.C. 1851, U.S. 1853, 1. Presbyt. Brooklyn, 1853; Ford- 
 ham, 1856-65, Colt's Neck, 1865— 
 
 [Bondet, 'Daniel, French Ref. Boston and "Worcester, 1685-96, New-Ro- 
 chelle, 1697.] 
 
 [Bonner, a student under Stoy, 1757.] 
 
 Bonney, Peres B. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1861 ; became Presbyterian. 
 
 [Bonrepos, David, French Ref. New-Rochelle, 16.. -97, supplied New- 
 Paltz occasionally, 1696-1700, Fresh-Kill, Staten Island, 1697-1717. 
 (See Van Pelfs Hist. Sermon.) 
 
 Bookstaver, A. Augustus, R.C. 1866; student in N.B.S. 
 
 Bookstaver, Jacob, b. at Montgomery, N.Y. 1817, R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 
 1. C!. Orange, 1840 ; Minisink, 1841-7, Teacher at Belleville, 1847-8, 
 d. Dec. 11th. 
 
 His great-grandf\ither, Jacob Bookstaver, was one of the first German 
 settlers on the Walkill, and, in 1732, was chosen as the first deacon of the 
 Church of Montgomery, then German Reformed. 
 
 Left an orphan in infancy, he was^piously i-eared by an aunt. He was 
 not a man of shining talents, but he had an amiable and generous temper. 
 His health was not excellent, which prevented him from that extensive 
 usefulness which he would have desired. He was called suddenly away. 
 
 [Boos, , Reading, Pa., 1771-82 ; in 1775, CI. Amsterdam urged his 
 
 removal.] 
 
 Bork, Christian, b. in Berlin, Prussia, 1758, stud, under Bassett, 1. CI. 
 Albany, 1798 ; Schodack and Bethlehem, 1798-1803, Union, Union Vil- 
 lage, and Schodack, 1803-8, Franklin St. N.Y.C. 1808-23, d. 
 His baptismal name was George Christian Frederick. His father, an offi- 
 cer in the Prussian army, died of a wound received before his son Chris- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 39 
 
 tian was born, lie was religiously educated by his mother, and at the age 
 of fourteen was confirmed in the Lutheran Church. Nothing is known of 
 him further, until about his eighteenth year, when an event occurred which 
 intluenced the whole of his subsqucnt life. Attending to some business for 
 his mother, when about thirty miles from home, he was seized by the 
 agents of government, and pressed into the military service, and was sent 
 with others to this country to aid the British in subduing the United 
 States, which had just declared themselves free and independent. Under 
 these circumstances, he left his fond and excellent mother, and the land ol 
 his birth, and embarked, never again to revisit the scenes of his childhood 
 and youth. The next year, 1777, the troops to which he belonged joined a 
 part of Gen. Burgojme's army. After Burgoyne and his army surrendered 
 at Saratoga, he, with many of the German troops, chose to remain in this 
 country. He left the British army shortly after they departed from Al- 
 bany ; and, having been educated at Berlin, he took charge of a school, a 
 few miles from the city, on" the road to Kinderhook. He joined a regiment 
 of New-York State Levies, under the command of Colonel Marinus Willett, 
 in the spring of 1781, having the post of an orderly-sergeant; and was 
 honorably discharged from this service on the 29th of December, in the 
 same year. 
 
 About this period, and probably while yet in the arm}', it pleased the 
 Lord to call him effectually under a sermon, preached in a barn in the 
 Manor of Livingston, by the Rev. Dr. Livingston, who had left the city ot 
 New-York on account of the war. 
 
 And Mr. Bork has stated that, while in the army, he often collected a 
 number of soldiers around him on the Lord's day, to whom he read consid- 
 erable portions of the Bible. 
 
 After his discharge from the regiment of Col. AYillett, he continued to 
 teach school for about twelve years. 
 
 It is said that his sermons were remarkable for the rich abundance of 
 scriptural quotations which he introduced. And, while he was truly bold 
 and zealous in his Master's service, not shunning to declare the whole 
 counsel of God, he nevertheless delighted to speak of the power, the grace, 
 and the love of the Saviour, concerning which he had large experience. In 
 short, he seemed to have much of the spirit of the ancient martyr whose 
 dying exclamation was, "None but Christ! none but Christ!" — 0. V. C. 
 
 Borst, John W. R.C. 1801, N.B.S., d. 1864. 
 
 Bourne, Geo. B. 1780, at Westbury, Eng., Ilomerton Sem., London, 1804, 
 
 lie. 1804 ; (settled in Virginia and Maryland, 1804-.., Germantown, 
 
 Pa. Presbyt. 18..-.., Princii)al of Academy at Sing Sing, and Pastor 
 
 of Presbyt. Ch. 18..-.., Quebec, Canada, Cong. Ch. 18.. -33, (S.S.) 
 
 •^West-Farms, 1839-42, d. 1845. 
 
 He possessed an athletic frame and robust constitution, and always en- 
 joyed vigorous health. Coming in contact with the institution of slavery in 
 the South, he bore his testimony against it with directness, intrepidity, and 
 
40 THE MINISTKT. 
 
 boldness, both orally and b)' the press. He was subjected to great opposi- 
 tion and severe trials. He also became, in Canada, an earnest opponent to 
 Romanism beino- one of the pioneers in the discussions of the day. After 
 1833 he lived in New-York City; and, while supplying the Houston St. 
 chapel and vacant churches, he edited, for some years. The Protestq,nt Vin- 
 dicator. He was a frequent contributor to periodicals and to the press ; 
 was an author ; and also secured the republication of many valuable works, 
 editin"- them himself. His knowledge of books and of general literature 
 was extensive. 
 
 His prominent trait of character was his intrepidity in what he believed 
 to be right. Many of his friends thought that a little more of the suaviter 
 in modo, combined with the fortiter in re, would have increased his useful- 
 ness and efficiency. But no one doubted his sincerity and whole-souled 
 devotion in his course. He was also kind and frank. He died suddenly, 
 in the office of The Cltristian Intelligencer, from heart disease. 
 
 Boyd, Hugh M. U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1830, Saratoga, 1830-3, Schaghticoke, 
 1835-41, d. 184G. 
 
 Boyd, John C. Caughnawaga, 1864 — 
 
 Boyd, Joshua, lie. Presbyt. Elizabeth, 1826 ; Miss, to Roxbury and Mid- 
 dletown, N.Y. 1826-7, to Herkimer and Fallsburgh, 1827-8, Rotter- 
 dam, 1st and 2d, 1828-36, Rotterdam, 2d, 1836-40 Middleburgh, 
 1840-2, Germantown, N.Y. 1842-50, w. c. 
 
 Boyse, Wm. Miss, to Woodstock and Ashoken, 1826-9, AYoodstock, 
 1829-37, d. 1853. 
 
 Brace, Frederick R. L. CI. N.B. 1860, 1861, Presbyt. 
 
 Bradford, John M. b. 1781 at Bradford, Ct., («. of Rev. Ebenezer Bradford, 
 of Danbury ;) studied under Dr. Green, of Philadelphia ; Albany, 1805- 
 20, susp. 1822 ; restored, d. 1827. 
 
 He was a man of fine appearance, dignified manners, and was an eloquent 
 and impressive preacher. Few men have been better fitted by natural en- 
 dowments for the position of a public speaker. His voice was uncommon- 
 ly melodious, and his gesticulation dignified and graceful. His style was 
 rich and yet chaste ; and his sermons were compositions of a high order. 
 For years he commanded large audiences, and was reckoned among the 
 distinguished pulpit orators of the day. 
 
 Bradford, \Y. J. Lysander, 1849-55, w. c. — 
 
 [Brandmiller, John, b. 1704, at Basel, Switz., came to America, 1741 ; 
 ordained, 1745; Allemoengel and Donegal, 1745-59, Teacher at Naza- 
 reth, Pa. 1759-67, died 1777.] — Harhauglt^s Lives. 
 
 Brandt, Henry W. N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Holland, 1862 ; Miss, to Belgium, 
 1862-65, Miss, in South-Africa, 1865— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 41 
 
 (Bres, Guido de, [or, Guy de Bray,] b. in Province of Ilainault, Belgium, 
 about 1525, Ruyssel, 1550 (?)-62, Ghent, 15G2, studying Latin and 
 Theology more fully at Lausanne and Geneva, 1562-5, Valenciennes, 
 15G5 ; Esdam, 1500, Antwerp, 1506-8, Valenciennes, 1508-9, d.) 
 In early life he ■uas enthusiastic in his attachment to tlic rites and cere- 
 monies of the Papal Church, but, becoming accpiaintcd with the Scriptures, 
 they enlightened his mind and converted his heart. lie soon began to ex- 
 plain them to small companies in private houses. 
 
 AVhen it was attempted to introduce the inquisition in Holland, he fled 
 to Engh^nd. This was about 1548, under the reign of P^dward VL, when 
 religious toleration existed there. lie resided in London, and earned his 
 living by portrait-painting, worshiping in the Reformed Church, which still 
 exists there. 
 
 As soon as possible he returned to the continent, and began the work of 
 a Reformer in an earnest and devoted spirit. At Ruyssel, in West-Flan- 
 ders, a considerable body of true believers already existed, who were pre- 
 pared to risk cverj' thing for the truth. AVhile here, he opposed and wrote 
 against the Anabaptists. He continued his labors in this place till 1052, 
 when the martyrdom of the Ogier family dispersed his flock, and left him 
 without a people. About this time he wrote the Belgic Confession of Faith. 
 He now went to Ghent to labor, being less exposed to persecution there. 
 While here, he wrote The Staff of Faith, consisting mostly of extracts from 
 the old Reformers. 
 
 Feeling the need of more extensive acquaintance with theological lore, and 
 knowing that the Latin tongue was the key to these treasures, he repaired 
 to Lausanne, and afterward to Geneva, to perfect himself in that language, 
 and to study divinity. From Geneva he was sent to the Church of Valen- 
 ciennes, (1565,) where he labored, also meantime, reestablishing the church 
 at Ruyssel, and another at Doorwick. He remained safe amid all the rag- 
 ing persecutions of Philip. lie preached the Gospel in many places. For 
 a time he again fled from his native land. When the city of Valenciennes 
 was taken, in 1509, he was among the prisoners, as well as his associate- 
 pastor, Peregrine le Grange. They almost succeeded in escaping; but, 
 when outside the city walls, they fell captive into the hands of the Mayor 
 of Great St. Armand. Thence they were sent back to Valenciennes, and, 
 in a few days, both these excellent men were hanged. 
 
 He was one of the most zealous and gifted among those popular preachers 
 who carried the word of God with such irresistible force through the Low 
 Countries, in the middle of the sixteenth century. Thousands flocked to 
 hear the Gospel in the gardens, along the dykes, and in the open fields. 
 
 Brett, Cornelius, (s. of P.M. Brett,) N.Y.U. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. S. CI. L.L 
 1865 ; Flatlands, 1805— 
 
 Brett, Philip Mileldoler, (son-in-law of Dr. Milledoler,) b. in N.Y.C. 1818, 
 R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. N.Y. 1838; Nyack 1838-42, St. Thomas, 
 W. L 1842-46, Mt. Pleasant, N.Y. 1846-51, Tompkinsville, 1851-60, d. 
 
42 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 In his char"-e on Staten Island, he entered with zeal on the work of build- 
 ing up the church, after the new organization at Stapleton had been formed. 
 His earnest piety, tireless energy, warm sympathy, genial friendship, and 
 manly frankness, soon won all hearts, and gathered many friends around 
 him. Few pastors have succeeded so fully in obtaining and retaining the 
 affection and confidence of their people. In a ministry of eight years, there 
 were added 157 persons to this church, 114 being on profession of their 
 faith. 
 
 Dr. Brett was of a dignified and noble presence; his features ever wore 
 an expression of attractive gentleness, which drew the heart even of child- 
 hood to him. The little ones of the flock had multiplied assurances that 
 they were cherished in his heart as objects of his tenderest interest, for 
 whose pleasure he was ever devising plans, and for whose souls he watched 
 with untiring devotion. 
 
 He was suddenly stricken down, after having preached a sermon prepa- 
 ratory to communion. For four months he suffered before he died. His 
 people testified of him that he was all that they could have wished him to 
 be — affectionate, zealous, faithful, and self-sacrificing. 
 
 Says Dr. Mathews, "He was a very successful and able minister, of an 
 elevated tone of piety, of great consistency of character, universally be- 
 loved and respected both in his own congregation and out of it. He dis- 
 covered a peculiar fondness to the great leading doctrines of grace, which 
 formed a prominent staple of his discourses. Toward the close of his days, 
 there was a peculiar maturity and heavenly-mindedness about him which 
 seemed to betoken his early departure. He had a clear, lucid mind, and 
 his ministrations were greatly blessed. His affectionate manner gave spe- 
 cial power to his ministrations." 
 
 Brinkerhoff, Geo. G., b. at Closter, N.J. 1761, studied under Mej^er, Ro- 
 meyn, and Froeligh, 1. by the Synod of D. R. chs. 1788 ; Miss, to the 
 north, 1789, Conewago, Pa. 1789-93, Kakeat and Ramapo, 1793-180G, 
 Sempronius, near Owasco, 1808-13, d. Also Miss, to Genesee Country, 
 1796. 
 
 His congregation at Conewago was broken up about the time of his de- 
 parture thence by the almost total emigration of his people further west. 
 He was a godly man and a faithful Christian minister. Mild and gentle in 
 temper, he was firm and resolute in his opinions and purposes. He expe- 
 rienced a change of heart so early in life that he could not remember the 
 time ; and his spiritual exercises, as revealed in his religious conversation, 
 are said to have been very deep and earnest, while his daily conduct was 
 marked by simplicity and godly sincerity. His death was remarkably 
 calm, and even triumphant. On Saturday morning he remarked to his 
 family, " I think I may live until Tuesday ;" but in a few moments he 
 looked around and said, " I was wrong ; a little after midnight, this very 
 night, my Lord and Master will call for me." He then called his relatives, 
 friends, and neighbors who were in the house, to his bedside, and gave 
 
THE AriNISTUY. 48 
 
 them his parting counsels at considerable length, after which he said, 
 " Now I have done with this world. Why tarry thy chariot wheels so 
 long, Lord ?" On being asked wlicther he had any doubts of his sal- 
 vation, he replied, " No ; if I were to doubt now, I would sin." IJctwcen 
 tlie hours of one and two on Sabbath morning, as he had predicted, his 
 Master called him home'. — P. D. V. C. 
 
 Brinkerhoff, Jas. G. Studied under Froeligh, 1819 ; Montville, 1821-4, 
 seceded, suspended ; [Montville, 1824, English XcifjhhorJiood, 1824, 
 Montville, 1825-8, Montville and Parmnus, 1828-30, Paramiis and 
 Clarkstown, 1830-40, Paramus, 1840-44, Mt. Morris, 1844-. ..] 
 
 Bkock, John R. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 18G2, 1. CI. Passaic, 1802; West 
 New-Hempstead, 1862-6, Spring Valley, 18GG— 
 
 Brodhead, Jacob, b. at Marbletown, N.Y. 1782, U.C. 1801, tutor in 
 U.C. 1802, studied theology under Froeligh and D. Romeyn, 1. CI. 
 Alban}', 1804; Rhinebeck Flats, 1804-9, New-York, 1809-13, Phila- 
 delphia, Crown St. 1813-26, New-York, Broome St. 1826-37, Flat- 
 bush, Ulster Co. 1837-41, Brooklyn, Central, 1841-6, d. 1855. 
 Having dedicated himself to God in his youth, he kept his vow steadily 
 until the end. So far from losing the waraith of his love, it grew witli his 
 experience and knowledge of his Saviour. No one could look on his 
 marked, pleasing features, expressive of thought and feeling, his tall, manlj^ 
 frame, and his easy, prompt movement, without recognizing a sound mind 
 in a sound body. Frank, generous, and kind, ho appeared what he was. 
 Keenly sensitive, he could not disguise his feeling of wrong ; and courteous 
 himself, he expected courtesy. With less quickness of nerve and emotion, 
 he would have lacked that appreciation of others which was his chief 
 charm, and that perception of fitness which was his chief talent. Vanity 
 was too mean a vice to reach him ; but with less grace in his heart, he 
 Avould have been proud. When he gave you his hand, you knew that his 
 heart came with it, and his smiles or his tears were as natural as a child's. 
 He was firm, yet not impassible ;' consistent, yet never pragmatical; 
 steadfast in faith and virtue, but free from exacting bigotry and petty 
 scrupulosities ; fearless in censure of vice and error, yet tolerant of human 
 weakness ; covetous of converse with the gravely wise and wisely good, j'et 
 aifcctionately considerate of the young, and delighting to take little children 
 up in his arras ; open to approach and winning in his advances ; so, min- 
 j:ling freely with all classes, but ever mindful of his allegiance to the king- 
 dom which is not of this world, he proved not less in the common duties 
 of daily life than in the fellowships of Christian solemnity, that his piety 
 was a dominant principle, maintained by habitual communion with God, 
 study of the Scriptures, and contemplation of eternal things. 
 
 To say he never had an enemy were poor praise, for he followed the Cru- 
 cified ; yet no scandal ever clung to his name, no blot rests on his memo- 
 ry, nor even an eccentric folly impairs the pleasantness of the image he 
 
44 THE MIlSriSTET. 
 
 has left on our minds. In his personal friendships he was true and con- 
 stant. He shrank from no responsibility which Providence laid on him. 
 He preached the Gospel in its simplicity. His style was an unusual com- 
 pound of didactic statement, glowing illustration, and pathetic ardor. In 
 Philadelphia lie had control over crowds of hearers, unparalleled in the 
 history of that city and rare in modern times. Thousands hung weeping 
 on his utterances, and hearts long obdurate broke in penitence, as he 
 pleaded with demonstration of the Spirit. Yet he never truckled to vul- 
 garity of taste, or prejudice, or passion ; never pleased the gross ear by in- 
 vective or caricature ; never scoffed at the recorded wisdom of pious expe- 
 rience, nor acted the pantomime of droll or clown. He was ever solemn, 
 earnest, reverent of God, and respectful to man. Tenderness was espe- 
 cially his characteristic. Having that almost instinctive skill to reach the 
 more sensitive chords of the human heart, he could not restrain his emo- 
 tion while he probed the torpid conscience or applied the balm of Gilead to 
 the bleeding spirit. He delighted to preach on scriptural narratives, ex- 
 hibiting the humanity common to us all, and making his hearers feel the ap- 
 plicability of the moral. But a man of such strong feelings lives fast ; and 
 though he was clear, interesting, impressive to the end, it could not be ex- 
 pected that he would retain all the enthusiasm of his palmy prime ; but the 
 age that sobered mellowed him, and his older hearers liked him not the 
 less; and his last charge, relinquished in his sixty-fifth year, was more 
 fruitful than the first. 
 
 His ministry was more successful, it is thought, than that of any other 
 minister in the annals of our Church. During thirty-four years he re- 
 ceived the average number of twenty-four persons annually into the Church 
 on profession of faith. Some of his churches were also new or feeble when 
 he took charge of them. — From Memoi'ial hy 0. W. B. 
 
 Bkoek, D. R.C. 18G1, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Holland, 18G4; Graafschap, 
 1865— 
 
 [Broeffle, J. L. (or Preffie,) Canajoharie, 1784-8, Schoharie, 1788-98 ?] 
 
 Brokaw, Abram, Q.C. 1793, studied theol. under Livingston, Owasco, 
 1796-1808, Ovid, 1808-22, susp. ; seceded, d. 1846. 
 
 Brokaw, Isaac P. R.C. 1866, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Bronk, Robert, b. at Coxsackie, 1789, C.N.J. 1810, N.B.S. 1813, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 1813 ; Washington and Boght, 1813-23, Washington, (or West- 
 Troy,) 1823-34, d. 1837. 
 
 His father was a revolutionary patriot and statesman. He gave his son 
 a thorough education. The intellectual traits of the son were clear, strong 
 sense, logical accuracy, and a vigorous memory. He never cultivated his 
 imagination, although, in the boldness of his appeals and his occasional 
 flights of fancy, he gave evidence that he was not deficient in that faculty. 
 He had the elements of a powerful preacher, though without the finished 
 
THE MINISTRY. 45 
 
 graces of oratoiy. lie was exceedingly honest and conscientious. He be- 
 lieved that true religion had its seat in the heart, inseparably connected 
 with purity of sentiment and strictness of practice. lie valued correct 
 doctrine chiellj'^ because it was the only true basis of sound moralit}'. lie 
 had deeply studied the old writers, and his preaching was uncommonly 
 logical and strong. lie was also discriminating in his views and definite in 
 their application. Those who heard him oftcnest liked him most. lie was 
 firm yet jirudcnt. He shrunk from no proper responsibility, because he 
 expected to give account to God. His course was a mean between a tem- 
 porizing policy and an obstinate attachment to traditionary forms. He was 
 liberal in his views of doctrine and in his treatment of men. He was also 
 a laborious and successful pastor, and instrumental in turning many to 
 righteousness. He was liberal with the means with which God had blessed 
 him, and a warm friend of the great religious enterprises of the da}'. 
 
 Bronson, Asahel, Wynantskill, 1833-G, Fairfield, 183G-8, Easton, N.Y. 
 1838-9, Amity, 18-i0-2. 
 
 Bronson, Oliver, U.C. 1845, Kinderhook, 1854-7, Presbyt. d. 1860. 
 
 Brower, Thomas, Schenectady, 1715-28, (or 1712-23.) 
 
 Brower, Cornelius, b. in N.Y.C. 1770, C.C. 1792, studied under Living- 
 ston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1793 ; Poughkeepsie and Stoutenburgh, 1794-1812, 
 supplied Hyde Park, 1812-15, Prof, in High School at Utica, and S.S. 
 at Frankfort, 1815-33, supplied frequently Arcadia, Gorham, and Tyre, 
 1833-45, d. 
 
 During all the latter part of his life he did the work of an evangelist, and 
 from his home in Geneva supplied many churches around. He allowed no 
 inclemency to prevent his fulfilling his appointments. Courteous to all, 
 showing no private resentments, never obtrusive, his gravity was without 
 moroseness and his cheerfulness without levity. He was a thorough 
 classical scholar and mathematician. lie possessed an extensive biblical 
 knowledge and was well read in the standard religious works of the last 
 centur3\ His mental qualities were mild and steady, rather than brilliant 
 or dazzling. He was more desirous of being useful than popular. He had 
 his severe conflicts with temptation, but triumphed over them. 
 
 Brower, Stephen II, Studied theol. under Livingston, 1. 180G ; Green- 
 wich, N.Y.C. (S.S. ?) 1806-7. 
 
 Brown, C. 1840. 
 
 Brown, Henry J. L. CI. Philadelphia, 1857, Miss, to Battle Creek, 1858- 
 62 ; Episcopalian. 
 
 Browx, Samuel R. Y.C. 1832, Columbia Sem. S.C. and U.S. 1838, 1. by 3d 
 Presbyt. N.Y. 1838; (also teacher in N.Y. Inst, for Deaf and Dumb, 
 183-1^8,) Manager of the Morrison Chinese School, for boys, at Canton, 
 China, 1838-47, returned to America ; Owasco Outlet, 1851-9, voyage 
 
4G THE MINISTRY. 
 
 to Japan, May-Nov. 1859, Kanagawa, 1859-63, Yokohama, 18G3-7, (act- 
 ing pastor of First Rcf. cli. in Japan, 1862-7,) voyage to America, April- 
 July, 1867, supplying Owasco Outlet, 1868— 
 
 Previous to his ordination he was an accepted missionary of the Ameri- 
 can Board • but as that Board had then some fifty accepted missionaries 
 and not the means to send them, he returned to the Deaf and Dumb Insti- 
 tution to resume his labors there, while waiting an opportunity to go 
 abroad. In about a month he was waited on by a committee of three 
 members of the Faculty of Yale College to go to China, in the service of 
 the Morrison Education Society, organized in honor of that pioneer mis- 
 sionary. The American Board at once released him from his obligations to 
 them, to take charge of this work. This was the first Christian school in 
 China. Rev. E. C. Bridgeman and others were fellow-laborers in this 
 work. Dr. Brown sailed in October, 1838, in company with Rev. David 
 Abeel, on his second voyage. 
 
 He was at length obliged to leave this position by the failure of his wife's 
 health, and, returning to America, he remained till the mission to Japan 
 4^ was started by the Reformed Church, when he again offered his services, 
 
 and was accepted. After eight years' services, his house and all his effects, 
 including books and papers, having been burned at Yokohama, leaving him 
 without shelter, he returned again to America, partly also with the design 
 of making provision for the education of a daughter. He now awaits the 
 action of the Reformed Church to provide him a house and send him back 
 to Japan. 
 
 Brown, Walter Scott, C.N.J. 1860, P.S. 1863, 1. Presbyt. Hudson, 1862; 
 Bethel, N.Y. 1864-7, Fallsburgh, 1867— 
 
 Brownlee, Jas., (nephew of W. C. Brownlee,) Glasgow University, 1826, 
 studied theol. under Dr. John Dick, 1. Presbyt. Kilmarnock, Scotland, 
 1832 ; (Dom. Miss, in Scotland, 1832-4,) Port Richmond, S.I. 1835— 
 
 Brownlee, Wm. C, b. in Scotland, 1783, University of Glasgow, 1806? 
 1. by Presbyt. Stirling, Scotland, 1808 ? (Mt. Pleasant and Burgettstown, 
 Pa., Assoc. Ref. 1808-13, Philadelphia, AValnut St. Assoc. Scotch, 
 1813-15, rector of Academy at New-Brunswick, 1815-17, Baskenridge, 
 N.J. Presbyt. 1817-25,) Prof, of Langs, in R.C. 1825-6, New- York, 
 1826-48, emeritus, d. 18G0. 
 
 At the noon of his life and influence he was smitten with paralysis, from 
 the enfeebling influence of which he never recovered. He went out, the 
 strong man armed, to perform a public duty at Newburgh ; he was brought 
 home weak as a child. 'With that stroke, as sudden and unexpected as a 
 flash of lightning in a clear sky, closed his public life. Never afterward 
 was his voice heard in the sanctuary of God or in the assemblages of men. 
 Cherished and soothed by his family and friends in private, he was dead 
 to the public. 
 The first sight of him impressed the beholder. His peculiarly adjusted 
 
1^ 
 
 f 
 
 ^^.^ .#^7^^.*^-^r 
 
THE MINISTRY. * 47 
 
 hair ; his penetrating eye, peering at ever}' thing through a pair of licavy 
 gold spectacles ; his oj)en, fresh, massive countenance ; his short neck— if 
 neck it could be called— bound round with a cravat of many folds ; his 
 short, compact, Jirm frame, made never to bend ; his firm step, indicative 
 of a firm purpose— all these made a lasting impression. Ho was a man of 
 unusual strength of mind. Ilis imagination, wit, irony were noticeable in 
 his conversation, and discourses, and controversies ; but they were to his 
 mind what the ripples on its bosom are to tiie river. His thoughts were 
 strong and laid hold of great principles. And if he seemed to deal severely 
 at times with those who dilFered from him, it was because he saw the effect 
 of their false principles in their remote consequences. His mind seemed at 
 a glance to distinguish the true from the false ; and it was a part of his very 
 nature to deal with the false in morals and theology with an unsparing 
 hand. He regarded all error as the enemy of all righteousness. 
 
 His learning was extensive and accurate. Enjoying all the advantages 
 of education which his own Scotland could afford, he diligently improved 
 them. His connection for so many years with classical institutions here 
 served to give depth and accuracy to his learning. Besides, he was a most 
 diligent student. In patristic learning he had but few equals, and he had 
 fully mastered all the controversies of the Papal and Protestant Churches. 
 With the very shadings of thought which separate truth and error he had 
 a most familiar acquaintance. His library was his home, where he made 
 himself familiar with almost every department of learning. 
 
 He was truly independent. He thought for himself, and was made to 
 lead rather than to follow. When he formed his opinions, they were never 
 yielded nor conceded. AVhen he resolved on a certain course, there was no 
 turning back, though bonds and imprisonments awaited him. He had no 
 armor or covering for his back. In the line of duty, he felt like the eagle 
 rising from the rock, that above and beyond the storm there was eternal 
 sunshine. This characteristic was wonderfully displayed in the contro- 
 versy with the Ilomish priests — Power, Levins, and Varela— in 1833. 
 Protestants were lukewarm as to the spread of Poper}^ and politicians 
 patronized it because of the votes of its adherents ; but Dr. Brownlee saw 
 in it a lurking enemy conspiring against religion and all the great interests 
 of humanitj', and he resolved to drag it into thejight. And this he did 
 with a power and boldness that vows, threats, anathemas, and the most 
 ribald abuse seemed only to strengthen. And when his friends feared his 
 appearance even in his own church, he went to work as calmly to batter 
 down the walls of Romanism as he did to visit the sick or preach the sim- 
 ple Gospel to sinners ! To his mind the interests of true religion, the ex- 
 istence of our liberties, and the perpetuity of the Republic were involved 
 in the questions under dispute ; and he was heedless of danger, and re- 
 garded the threats of personal violence as an evidence of his victory over 
 his assailants. 
 
 But mingled with his bravery was a most kind and gentle heart. These 
 are traits of character generally united. While a lion in public, he was 
 
48 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 gentle as a lamb in private. Amiable in his temper, soft in his manners, 
 gentle in his tones of voice and intercourse, conciliating in his conduct, he 
 soon dissipated the awe which his appearance and name inspired ; and he 
 proved himself as genial and courteous in private as he was terrific and 
 fearless when combating error in public. He died without a single enemy, 
 save the enemies of truth and righteousness. 
 
 He was an able minister of the New Testament. Brought up amid the 
 early religious training for which Scotch Presbyterians are so famous, he 
 devoted himself in the morning of his life to the Lord. The strong, mascu- 
 line theology of Paul, Calvin, Knox, which made Scotland what it was and 
 is became intertwined with his earliest thoughts and affections. In the 
 pages of the Bible and in the volumes of the Covenanters and Puritans he 
 found the principles of all science and the foundation of all true wisdom. 
 He conned them over and over, early and late, until their principles be- 
 came the law of his life. This fact is the key to all that was peculiar in 
 his character ; and whatever estimate may be formed of his character, it is 
 certain that in this way it received its distinctive impress. In all his prin- 
 ciples, doctrines, and feelings, he was a Covenanter of the strongest mould, 
 and his earnest and honest soul clung to his principles as the shipwrecked 
 sailor clings to the cliff. His preaching was strongly doctrinal and argu- 
 mentative, and often exhaustive of the subject. His manner in the pulpit 
 was earnest, dignified, and impressive. He never lowered its dignity by 
 unworthy themes. He fed the people with knowledge and understanding, 
 and crowds attended his ministrations. From a full soul, that had a rich 
 experience of its power, he poured forth the truth as it is in Jesus ; and, 
 although utterly averse to the histrionic and tinsel of the pulpit, he was 
 one of the most popular preachers of his day. 
 
 It is one of the raj^steries of Providence that we may not comprehend 
 why a man of such varied gifts, of such power for doing good, should have 
 been so suddenly prostrated in the midst of his usefulness, and so long 
 continued without the power of doing the things that he would. But 
 what we know not now, we shall know by and by. He is dead, but he 
 will live for ages in his works. — Kincan, in N. Y. Observer. 
 
 lie possessed a fine natural disposition. Amiable to a remarkable de- 
 gree, unsuspicious, he might be imposed upon by the cunning, but he was 
 fitted by native kindness to be a true and trusty friend. His endow- 
 ments of mind had been cultivated M'ith unremitting industry. In the 
 Greek and Roman classics and in belles-lettres his acquirements were accu- 
 rate and elegant ; in general history and literature, very extensive ; and in 
 theology he added to the careful study of the original Scriptures, and of 
 standard authors, much independent thought ; so that he was no novice, 
 but might fairly have been called a learned man. In his profession, parti- 
 cularly, he was well qualified both to expound and maintain the system oi 
 divine truth as set forth in our Reformed confessions, and also to confute 
 or convince the gainsayer by appropriate arguments from reason or 
 Scripture. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 40 
 
 For several years preceding his illness he had given his thouglits very 
 much to the Papal controversy. His conviction of the destructive influence 
 of that religion, and of its antagonism to our civil institutions as a policy, 
 was so controlling, that, in frequent ministrations to his own people and 
 by lectures, he exerted his best powers to direct the popular attention to 
 the falsehoods and evils of the system. lie was among the first in this 
 country who gave it special prominence, nor were his labors without effect 
 in awakening attention to that subject. 
 
 As a preacher, he was graceful, deliberate, yet engaging in manner; al- 
 wa3's perspicuous, often argumentative, and sometimes beautifully imagi- 
 native and finished in style; scriptural, doctrinal, and thoughtful in mat- 
 ter. He excelled in the statement of doctrines and in expounding the 
 sacred text. So that, notwithstanding tlie method of extemporaneous 
 speaking which he generally followed, he brought forth from his richly 
 furnished mind things new and old, and Avas an interesting, able, and in- 
 structive minister. 
 
 He was well read in polemical theology, and was more of a controvert id 
 than many of his brethren, and much better. In the Trinitarian, the Uni- 
 versalist, as well as the Catholic controversies he delivered full courses to 
 his people, and in this capacity he was laborious in preparation, ardent and 
 even unsparing, bearing down upon falsehood and heresy with a sort of 
 holy violence, yet, in obedience to the dictates of his generous heart, he 
 seemed free from bitterness and malignity toward the persons of his oppo- 
 nents, and could still meet them on kindly terms. 
 
 He was also known as an author of tracts and volumes, both literary and 
 theological, of acknowledged merit. His active mind even ventured into 
 the field of fictitious writing, where, too, his taste and his fancy secured 
 the meed of high praise. His volumes on Qualcerism^ the Lights and Sha- 
 dows of Christian Life^ the Young Communicant's Text-Book, several pre- 
 mium tracts, The Iteformed Dutch Church Magazine, which he edited 
 through four volumes, and his Essays on Didactic and Controversial The- 
 ology, remain-to his friends and the public as honorable memorials of the 
 mind from which the}' emanated. — From Memorial Sermon hy T. E. V. 
 
 Bruen, Jas. M. University of Pa. 1839, U.S. 1812, 1. 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 
 1842 ; (New- Windsor, Presbyt.) 1845-8, Irvington, 1850-2, w. c— 
 
 Bruen, Matthias, b. 1793, C.C. 1813, Assoc. Ref. Sem. 1. CI. N.Y. 1816 ; 
 traveled in Europe with Dr. Mason, 1816-18, ordained in London, 1818, 
 in order to preach in Paris ; Paris, six months, 1818-19, Miss, to 
 Bleecker St. N.Y.C. Presbyt. 1822-5, pastor, 1825-9, d. 
 He was highly accomplished in manners, in literature, and in the know- 
 ledge of men. He was an elegant scholar, and often extremely happy in 
 bringing his learning to assist his forcible illustrations of practical subjects. 
 The operations of his mind were rapid. He had a most retentive memory 
 and a sound judgment. He possessed a nice sense of what was honorable 
 and becoming the place and time, as well as lawful, and a characteristic 
 4 
 
50 TUE MINISTKY. 
 
 abhorrence of whatever is trickish and mean. With high and honorable 
 feelin"-s he united great ingenuousness and humble views of his own 
 powers 'and acquisitions, but especially of the measure of his religion. No 
 person who knew him could fail of marking him for a man of truth and 
 moral intrepidity. There was a beautiful correspondence of his kindly, 
 dignified, and discreet demeanor to the actual characteristics of his mind. 
 
 Brush, Alfred II. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. 01. Raritan, 1865 ; Shokan 
 and Shandaken, 1865-67, Nassau, 1867— 
 
 Brush, John 0., studied theol. under Livingston, 1. 01. N.Y. 1793 ; N. and 
 S. Hampton, 1794-96, (Dutch Oreek, O.-oss Roads, and Dover, Del. 
 Presbyt.) 1796-18. .. Mints. G. S. I. p. 463. 
 
 Brush, Wm. R.O. 1830, N.B.S. 1834, 1. 01. N.Y. 1883; Guilford, 1834-51, 
 Bedminster, 1852-66, w. c— 
 
 Brush, Wm. W. R.O. 1862, N.B.S. 1866, 1. 01. Raritan, 1866; Farmer, 
 1866-68, Marbletown, 1868— 
 
 [Bucher, John Conrad, b. 1730, in Switzerland ; came to America in 1755, 
 as a military officer, the British, from policy, choosing German officers 
 for German troops; ordained, 1762; Carlisle, 1763-8, also at Middle- 
 town, Pa., 1765-8, Hummelstown, 1765-7, Falling Spring, 1765-8, Leba- 
 non, etc., 1768-80, d. 
 
 " He was remarkable for having acquired a rich flow of language and un- 
 precedented copiousness and energy of thought, which rendered him useful, 
 and attracted the attention of all who heard him." — Ilarlaugh's Lives.] 
 
 Buck, 0ns. D. W.O. 1845, U.S. 1850, 1. Presbyt. of Columbia (now in Al- 
 bany Presbyt.) 1850; Peekskill, 1851— 
 
 BucKELEW, Wm. D. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. 01. N.B. 1851; Ourrytown 
 and Mapletown, 1852-55, Athens, 1855-59, Moresville and Soulh-Gilboa, 
 1859-64, Blue Mountain, 1864— 
 
 Buckham, Jas., 1841. 
 
 Bulkley, 0. H. A., from Presbyt. of Ontario, 1851, Ithaca, 1851-52. 
 
 BuMSTEAD, Sam. A. Mid. 0. 1823, P.S. 1826, lie. by Franklin Assoc. Mass. ; 
 Manayunk, 1831-5, Manayunk and Roxborough, 1835-49, Roxborough, 
 1849-53, Spring Lake, 111. 1856-61, Raritan, 1861— 
 
 Bunnell, Seth, U.C. 1835, Glenville 1st, 1835-38, d. 
 
 Burghardt, Peter H. U.O. 1840, West-Farms, 1852-55, Glenville 1st, 1855 
 -61, Chaplain First Chasseurs, N.Y.V. 1864-65. 
 
 Burl, P., from Rcf. Oh. of Switzerland, 1858. 
 
 Burr, Marcus, N.B.S. 1862, 1863 Presbyt. 
 
 Burroughs, Geo. W. 1854. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 51 
 
 Burtis, sec Alburtis. 
 
 Burtiss, Arthur, b. in N.Y.C. 1807, U.C. 1827, P.S. and Aub. S. 1833, 1. 
 Prcsb. Geneva, 1833 ; (Bufralo, 1833-5,) Fort Plain, 1835, (Oxford Prcsby t.) 
 1835-40 (?) Teaching in Bufiiilo; Sec. Am. and For. Ch. Union, 1859- 
 63, Prof, of Greek Lang, in Miami University, 18G4-7, d. 
 He was the son of Arthur Burtiss, long one of the city aldermen, when 
 the office was one of honor rather than profit. The father was for many 
 years connected with the charitable and reformatory institutions of the 
 city, and was a man of great moral worth and intcgrit}-. Dr. B. was edu- 
 cated in the best classical schools of New-York, and was one of the most 
 accomplished classical scholars in the State. lie spent the first two years 
 of his collegiate life at Columbia College, and the last two at Union. Soon 
 after graduating, he commenced the study of the law, with Jas. 0. Moore, 
 of Cherry Valley, N.Y., and whose step-daughter he subsequently married. 
 Afterward he pursued his legal studies in the city of New-York, in the 
 office of Chancellor Kent. Before his admission as an attorney, he con- 
 cluded to change his profession, feeling himself called, under his strong 
 sense of duty, to preach the Gospel. He accordingly entered Princeton 
 Seminary in 1830, where he spent two years, and thence went to Auburn 
 Theological Seminar}', where he spent one j^ear. 
 
 Dr. Burti.^s was not celebrated as a public speaker, for he was naturally 
 timid, and had a slight hesitancy at times in his speech. But he was a man 
 of great and varied learning, and was especially a most accomplished Latin 
 and Greek scholar. His true place was that of a college professor. This 
 came to him late in life, when he was chosen Greek Professor of the Miami 
 University, Ohio. Though his career as a professor was short, he had im- 
 pressed all, both students and faculty, with his great capacity and qualifi- 
 cations for his new office, both as a scholar and devoted Christian ; and his 
 death among them was the cause of profoundest sorrow. He died while his 
 robes of office were j'^et new upon him. — Hon. Wm. W. Cam^iiell, Cherry Val- 
 ley, X. Y. 
 
 Buursma, Ale, H.C. 180G, Student in Hope Seminary. 
 
 Cahoone, Wm. Jr., b. 17/6, D.C. 18^, P.S. 1827 j Miss, to Berne, 1828, 
 Hyde Park, 1829-33, Ooxsackie, 1834-47, Fordham, 1847-8, d. 1857 (?). 
 
 (Campbell, A. D. Miss, in Brooklyn, 1827.) 
 
 Campbell, Alan D. (s. of W. H. Campbell,) B.C. 18G5, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 18G8 ; Athens 1st, 1868— 
 
 Campbell, Jas. B. Student in N.B.S. 18G7— 
 
 Campbell, Jas. K., from Ref. Presb. Ch. ; ordained as a Miss, to Northern 
 India, 1834; North Branch, 1838-54. 
 
 Campbell, William II., D.C. 1828, P.S. 1831, 1. 2d Presb. N.Y. 1831 ; 
 Chittenango, 1831-3, Prin. Erasmus Hall, L.I., 1833-9, East-New- York, 
 
52 TUE MINISTKY. 
 
 1839-41, Albany 3d, 1841-8, Prin. Albany Academy, 1848-51, Prof. Ori- 
 ental Lit. in New-Brunswick Sem. 1851-63, also Prof. Bel. Let. Rutgers 
 Col. 1851-6, President Rutgers College, 1863— 
 
 Campfield, Robt. B. C.N.J. 1824, from S. Assoc. Litchfield, 1858, Sec. Sab. 
 School Board, 1858-62, 1865 Presbyt. 
 
 Cannon, Jas. Spencer, b. 1V66 in the Island of Cura?oa, studied under 
 Froeli"-h and Livingston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1796; Six Mile Run and 
 Millstone, 1797-1807, Six Mile Run, 1807-26, Prof. Ecc. Hist. 1818-19, 
 attain 1826-52 ; also Prof Metaphysics and Philosophy in Rutgers Col., 
 1826-52, d. 
 
 lie was a man peculiar in many respects, and calculated to attract atten- 
 tion wherever he might be, even among a crowd of people. His bodily 
 frame was tall, erect — not corpulent, but well developed in every part, 
 making the impression on you of one that possessed considerable muscular 
 strength, power of endurance, and high health. His garb was, for the most 
 part, of the antiquated sort, from his broad-brimmed hat down to his feet, 
 with the exception of the large silver, well-polished shoe-buckles. His gait 
 was slow, measured, firm, dignified, straightforward ; the gait of one who 
 seemed to regard walking as something that was to be done with care and 
 according to rule, and not in a light and trifling manner. His utterance 
 was distinct and deliberate, like his gait — emphatic, impressive, with con- 
 siderable of the guttural, and the broad pronunciation of the letter A about 
 it. He was fond of throwing out short, pithy, pointed, striking, practical 
 remarks in his talk, and was successful generally in doing it, for he had a 
 well-stored and a well-disciplined mind, and a memory very capacious, re- 
 tentive, and ready. Perhaps he was a little too measured, formal, stilted, 
 artificial, and oracular in what he said and did. This is not written in the 
 way of disparagement, but to furnish as accurate a likeness as possible. 
 He was a very studious, diligent man, even to the end of his protracted life 
 — one of seventy-six years. He read much, and, to prove that he read with 
 discrimination and care, and pondered what he read, he used to say that it 
 was his habit to read with the pen in his hand, and to mark in the margin 
 of the page any sentiment, or argument, or fact, that struck him as valuable 
 and interesting, referring, in the blank leaves at the end of the book, to the 
 pages he had thus marked. Thus he could, in a short time and with great 
 ease, gather the cream of every volume he had read, and ponder it again, and 
 use it for any specific purpose which he had in view. He laid great stress on 
 careful, thoughtful sermonizing, and insisted that it should be a life-long 
 exercise of every minister. He had gathered together a large amount of 
 valuable knowledge. We see one proof of this in his treatise on Pastoral 
 llieology. Though it may have its defects, it is a treasure-house to every 
 minister of the Gospel. And he managed to perform this vast amount of 
 intellectual labor without any apparent injury to his health; and this, no 
 doubt, was mainly owing to the manner in which he pursued his studies. 
 He was systematic, regular, seasonable, steady, calm, moderate— remarka- 
 
/ij. 
 
 d/i iy^thi^ 
 
TOE MINISTRY, Oo 
 
 bly SO. _ lie was, therefore, alwaj's beforehand with his work ; never hurri- 
 ed, or driven, or cornered; never urged or goaded beyond his strengtli. 
 Ills example may be turned to a good account by men of all occupations, 
 but especially by students, and still more especially by theological students 
 and ministers of the Gospel. — G. L. 
 
 Carle, John II., Q.C. 1811, partly in N.B.S. 18U, 1. Presbyt. Geneva, 1814; 
 Marbletown, Hurley, and Shokan, 181-^20, (Presbyt. 1825^8,) Maple- 
 town and Currytown, 1848-51. 
 
 Carroll, J. Ilalstead, (s. of Rev. D. L. Carroll,) U. Pa. 1851, P.S. 1854, 1. 
 Presbyt. Philadelphia; (Jamesburg, N.J. 1855-7, Aiken, S.C. 1858-60, 
 S.S. South Cong. Ch. New-IIaven, 18G2-8,) New-IIavcn, 1808— 
 
 Carroll, Vernon B. R.C. 18G8, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Gary, J. A. West R.D.C., N.Y.C. 1851. 
 
 Case, Calvin, R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Bergen, 1851; Grahamville, 
 1852-3, Day, 1855-7, Kiskatom, 1857-60, West-IIurley, 1860-5. 
 
 Center, Samuel, b. 1794 at Hoosick, N.Y., Mid. C. 1819, N.B.S. 1823, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 1823; Miss, to Johnsborough and Chester, 1823, Herkimer and 
 German Flats, 1824-6, (Morian and Northumberland Presbyt.) 1827-30, 
 teaching in Class. School, Albany, 1830-7, in Michigan University, 1837 
 -40, pastor also at Monroe, Mich., 1837-40, Agent of For. Evang. Soc. 
 1840-1, Prof, in Albany Academy, 1841-. ., in Angelica Academy, and 
 Pastor at Angelica and Macedon Center, 18. .-1859, d. 
 He was of Welsh extraction. His ancestors settled in Boston before the 
 Revolution, and his parents were Baptists. He was called to Herkimer in 
 1825, (a new enterprise, which he had begun the year before,) but the op- 
 position of the old church and pastor prevented success, and he and his 
 church joined the Presbytery of Albany. While laboring in this field, he 
 was blessed with a powerful revival. He was not ordained till 1828. He 
 was a man of more than ordinary height, of a well-developed and remarka- 
 bly symmetrical form, pleasant features, and agreeable address. He was 
 naturally sensitive. He aimed at excellence in all that he undertook. 
 Ilis mind was of a metaphysical cast, and he loved to grapple with great 
 problems. His sermons were therefore not unfrequently above the mental 
 range of his hearers. He was better adapted to the Professor's chair than 
 to parochial duties. As a teacher, he was successful, gaining a high repu- 
 tation. He was regarded by Governor Marcy and others as possessing al- 
 most unequaled qualifications for imparting instruction and disciplining 
 the minds of young men. He was eminentl}' social, genial, pure, and true. 
 He was also spiritually minded, and everywhere exerted his influence in 
 favor of vital godliness. He was much sought after and was peculiarly 
 happy as a spiritual counselor. He was an earnest laborer in the tempe- 
 rance movements of the day. — G, S. 
 
 Chalker, Isaac. New-Paltz, 176. .-176. . 
 
54 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Chamberlain, Jacob P. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. N.Y. 1859 ; voyage to India, 
 Dec. 1859-Apr. '60, Palamanair, 1860-3, Mudnapilly, (S.S.) 1863-5, Mud- 
 napilly and Palamanair, 1866—. Also supplying Arunodayah, 1867— 
 
 Chambers, Talbot W. E.C. 1834, N.B.S. and P.S. 1839, 1. Presbyt. Clin- 
 ton, Miss. 1838 ; Somerville, 2d, 1840-9, New- York, 1849— 
 
 Chapman, John L. Irvington, 1842-9, Prin. Home Institute at Irvington, 
 1849-61, 1865, Presbyt. 
 
 Chapman, Nathan F. R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846 ; Miss, to 
 Keyport, 1848-9, Canajoharie, 1849-53, Plattekill, 1853-64, Caatsban, 
 1864— 
 
 Chester, C. II. Saratoga, 1844-9. 
 
 [Chitara, Ludwig, once an Augustine monk, c. to America, 1785, studied 
 under Hendel and Weyberg, 1. about 1787 ; Knowlton and Hardwick, 
 N.J. 1787-92, d.]—HarbaugK's Lives, ii. 404. 
 
 Chittenden, Alanson B., b. at Durham, N.Y. 1797, U. C. 1824, Aub. Sem. 
 1828 ? Miss, to Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1827-8, Glen and Miss, at Charles- 
 town, 1831-4, Amit}-, 1834-9, Westerlo, 1839-40, Sharon, 1841-5, d- 
 1853. 
 
 Christie, James, studied under Mason, 1815, 1. 1815 ; Union Village, 1816- 
 18, Assoc. Ilef. 
 
 Christie, John I., b. at Schraalenberg, 1781, C.C. 1799, studied under 
 Froeligh, 1. CI. Bergen, 1802 ; (Amsterdam and Galway. Presbyt. 1802- 
 12,) Warwick, 1812-35, d. 1845. 
 
 His honesty and punctuality in business became proverbial. He was 
 liberal to the poor and in Christian benevolence. He was devoted to his 
 calling and a well-read theologian. As a preacher, he was clear, instruc- 
 tive, practical ; while as a pastor, he was kind, honest, affectionate, and 
 sincere. He had strikingly those qualities of a good bishop — " A lover of 
 hospitality and a lover of good men." He took a plain, common-sense 
 view of all subjects which came before him, testing all by the Word of God. 
 Seeing much in himself which he deeply deplored, he was ready to cast the 
 mantle of charity over others. In experience, he did not always enjoy the 
 pleasure of sensible communion with God. There was a prevailing senti- 
 ment in his thoughts of God's holiness and justness and his own guilt and 
 depravity, yet it was his great desire to please God. No man was more 
 particular in the observance of ordinances, yet no man placed less con- 
 fidence in his own works. The burden of his heart was the imperfection 
 which accompanied every performance. 
 
 Church, John B. R.C. 1867, student in N.B.S. 
 Clancy, John, Florida, 1835-60, Presbyt. 
 
 (Clark, Jas. Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bushwick, Flatbush, New-Utrecht, and 
 Gravesend, 1680 or 1685-95.) 
 
TUE MINISTRY, 56 
 
 The existence of such a luinistcr is denied by many, sonic supposing 
 that his name by mistake got in the histories of Long Island. lUit lie is 
 said to be mentioned iu a MSS. left by Rev. Peter Lowe, before the histories 
 referred to were written. Perhaps identical with Varick. — Prime's L. 1. 326. 
 
 Clark, Rob. C. N.R.S. 1838, 1. (^1. of Philadelphia, 1838; liccn.sc after- 
 ward withdrawn, at his own request, 1844. 
 
 Clahk, Rufus W. Y.C. 1838, New-Haven and And. Sems., 1. Prcsbyt. 
 Ncwburyport, 1840; (Portsmouth, N.II. Cong. 1842-51, East-Boston, 
 18ol-7, Brooklyn, 1857-G2,) Albany, 1st, 18G2— 
 
 Clark, AVm. S.S. at Buel, 1843-4. 
 
 Clauk, Wm. H. Western Reserve Coll. Hudson, Ohio, U.S. 1863, 1. 
 Presbyt. of Brooklyn, 1803 ; [Spencertown, Presbyt. 1864-5,] Miss, pas- 
 tor, 39th St. N.Y. 1867— 
 
 CLEcnoRN, E. B., from Presbyt. of New-Orleans, 18G8, w. c. 
 
 Close, John, b. at Greenwich, Ct. 1737, C.N.J. 1763, 1. Presbyt. of Dutch- 
 ess Co. 1765 ; [in Presbyt. Huntington, 1766-73, New-Windsor and 
 Newburgh, l773-96,j Waterford and Middletown, 1796-1804, d. 1815. 
 
 Cludius, Theodore, studied in Europe, 1. CI. N.B. 1865 ; New-Brunswick, 
 od, 1865-G; Ger. Rcf. 
 
 Cobb, Hexry N. Y.C. 1855, U.S. 1. 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1859 ; Miss, to tli'^ 
 Nestorians in Persia and Koordistan, (Am. Bd.) 18G0-2, MiUbrook, 
 1866— 
 
 Cobb, Oliver E. Y.C. 1853, U.S. 1857, L 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1857; Hope- 
 well, 1857— 
 
 CoBB, Sandfokd H. Y.C. 1858, P.S. 1862, I. 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1862 ; 
 Schoharie, 1864— 
 
 CocnRANE, A. G. Mid. Col. 1847, P.S. 1850; Fort Miller, 1852-63, Eas- 
 ton, N.Y. 1863— 
 
 Cock, Gerhard Daniel, Rhinebeck and Camp, (or Germantown, N.Y.) 
 1763-84, also supplied New-Paltz, 2d, 1768-70. 
 
 Coens, Henricus, Aquackanonck, Second River, Pompton, and Ponds, 
 
 1725-30, d. 1735. 
 
 He wrote to Holland a detailed account of the troubles between the 
 churches of Second River and Aquackanonck. 
 
 Cole, David, (s. of L D. Cole,) R.C. 1842, 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1858 ; East- 
 Millstone, 1858-63, Prof, of Greek, R.C. 1863-5, Yonkers, 1865— 
 
 Cole, Isaac D. N.B.S. 1829, Tappan and Schraalenburgh, 1829-32, Toto- 
 
 wa, 2d, 1833, Tappan, 1833-64, w. c. 
 Cole, Solomon T. N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Ulster, 1864, Plattekill, 1804-8, 
 
 Preakness, 1808 — 
 
66 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Collier, Edward A. N.Y.U. 1857, P.S. 1860, 1. Presbyt. of Nassau, 1859, 
 (Saugertics, Cong. 1860-4,) Kinderhook, 1864— 
 
 Collier, Ezra W. R.O. 1848, N.B.S. 1854, ]. S. CI. N.Y. 1854 ; Manhattan 
 Ch. N.Y.C. 1854-G, Freehold, 2d, 1856-66, Coxsackie, 2d, 1866-67, w. c. 
 
 Collier, Isaac, R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Greene, 1860 ; Coeymans, 
 1860-66, Battle Creek, 1866— 
 
 Collier, Isaac H. Pt.O. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Greene, 1862 ; Caatsban, 
 1862-4, Nassau, 1864-6, Lodi, N.Y. 1867— 
 
 Collier, Joseph A., b. at Plymouth, Mass., 1828, B.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1852, 
 
 1. S. CI. N.Y. 1852 ; Greenville and Bronxville, 1852-5, Geneva, 1855-9, 
 
 Kingston, 2d, 1859-64, d. 
 
 Few young men among our ministers ever rose more rapidly by the sim- 
 ple force of unostentatious merit. His name was mentioned everywhere 
 with respect and affection. His personal qualities and professional labors 
 excited admiration and elicited praise. His brethren in the ministry loved 
 him, and the Christian public gladly honored him. He was a diligent stu- 
 dent. He loved to commune with the great thinkers and writers, and thus 
 feed his own mind. He was a clear and impressive preacher. His sermons 
 were never slovenly. What he did, he did well. They had solid sub- 
 stance. They were eminently thoughtful and suggestive, his reasoning 
 cogent, and his style as lucid as his argument. His illustrations were 
 never florid nor redundant, but always simple, apt, and chaste ; while his 
 pleading with the sinner was as that of one by whom Christ himself was 
 beseeching, "Be ye reconciled to God." 
 
 His manner was animated, forcible, tender, persuasive ; his glowing eye 
 and radiant countenance attesting to all his thorough earnestness and his 
 deep sympathy with his sacred themes. He possessed unusual qualifica- 
 tions for the work of the ministry, and his brief labors were crowned with 
 large success. He ever felt the deepest interest in the spiritual welfare of 
 the young. He preached at Kingston a series of Sabbath evening dis- 
 courses to the youth of his flock, which were afterward published under 
 the title of The Young Men of the Bible. But especially did his heart turn 
 toward the children. Into this field he threw himself with peculiar ardor 
 and delight, and with great success. He loved to lead the lambs into green 
 pastures. One regular Sabbath service in each alternate month he devoted 
 entirely to the children. At such times he delivered discourses adapted to 
 the comprehension of the youngest, though instructive to all. Two series 
 of these discourses have been published under the titles of Little Crowns 
 and How to Win Them and Pleasant Paths for Little Feet. The Christian 
 Home and The Dawn of Heaven are also productions of his pen, the latter 
 published after his death. He was a sympathizing pastor. While he 
 loved books, he loved his people. His ministry was a model of pastoral 
 fidelity. He walked habitually with God. See The Dawn of Heaven, in 
 which is found a biographical sketch. 
 
TUE MINISTKY. 57 
 
 Collins, Bahnahas V. Easton Coll. Pa. N.li.S. 1842, 1. CI. N.Y. 1842; 
 West-Farms, 1842-5, Ponds, 1845-07, w. c. 
 
 Collins, Chas. Philadelphia Classical Institute, theolofry in private, 1. CI. 
 Philadclpliia, 1858; [S.S. Norristown, Pa. Prcsbyt. 1801-2,J S.S. Mana- 
 yunk, 1803-4, [S.S. Jcffcrsonvillc, Presbyt. 1800—] 
 
 CoMFOKT, Lawkence L. U.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Orange, 1851 ; 
 Rockaway, 1852-4, New-IIurley, 1854 — 
 
 [Comingoe, Bruin Ronicas, ordained by Scotch ministers, in Nova Scotia, 
 
 1770; Luneberg, Nova Scotia, 1770-1819.] 
 
 He was chosen by his neighbors, and recommended for ordination for his 
 piety and gifts, as that community in Nova Scotia had failed, after repeated 
 efforts, to procure a minister from Holland, or from Pennsylvania. He had 
 been a fisherman, (like the apostles,) but was well versed in Scripture; and 
 the Scotch ministers, acting on the proverb that one who knows the Scrip- 
 tures must be a good theologian, ordained him. He proved to be a most 
 faithful and worthy minister, and served that people for forty-nine years, 
 lie then only resigned through the infirmities of age. — UarhauglCs Lives. 
 
 CoMPTON, Jas. M. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846; Tyre, 1847- 
 50, Piffardinia, 1850-51, Kiskatom, 1851-54, Union and Jerusalem, 1854 
 -60, Gallupville and Knox, 1860-63, S.S. at Currytown and Mapletown, 
 1804-8, Stone Arabia, and Ephratah, 1808 — 
 
 Condict, Ira, b. at Orange, N.J. 17G4, C.N.J. 1784, studied under Dr. 
 "Woodhull, of Monmouth, 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1786 ; (Ilardwick, Newtown, 
 and Shappenock, Presbyt., 1787-93,) New-Brunswick, 1793-1811, also 
 Prof. Moral Phil, in Queen's Col. and Vice-President of the same, 1809- 
 11, d. 
 
 He became a subject of grace while in college, and immediately devoted 
 himself to the ministry. He took a high stand in his class, and was par- 
 ticularly distinguished for his accuracy in the classics. In his first charge 
 he found a wide and destitute field, demanding great energies of character 
 and powers of endurance. "Within the limits of this charge are now found 
 numerous flourishing churches. In New-Brunswick he labored with a zeal 
 and perseverance seldom equaled. This church at that time embraced a 
 large country population, in addition to a city charge of about two hundred 
 families. He was an efficient pastor and an earnest worker. 
 
 In catechising, pastoral visitations, and labors among the poor, he was 
 indefatigable. He had for every department of labor a definite plan, and 
 pursued it vigorously. No man could have accomplished more than he 
 did ; and the secret of his efficiency lay in the wisdom of his plans. He 
 gained a just popularity for his learning; for, while he was laborious as a 
 pastor, he did not neglect his study. Public institutions honored themselves 
 by placing his name on their catalogues, and places of responsibility in the 
 church were pressed upon him. The corporation of Princeton College 
 
58 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 elected him a member of their board, having previously conferred upon him 
 the title of Doctor of Divinity. The General Synod elected him their Pre- 
 sident, in 1800 ; and, as a member of church judicatories, he was active 
 and influential and took a prominent part in their deliberations. 
 
 Two important events occurred in connection with his ministry in New- 
 Brunswick, both of which he earnestly and successfully advocated. The 
 first was the partial revival of Queen's College in the year 1807. For seve- 
 ral years this institution had been closed ; its funds were exhausted, and 
 its buildings occupied for other purposes. With great personal eifort and 
 persistent application, as a trustee of the College, he secured quite a liberal 
 endowment, drew around bira an encouraging number of students, and 
 awakened, on behalf of this institution, considerable interest throughout 
 the bounds of the denomination. For several years, in addition to his la- 
 bors as the pastor of the church, he was acting president of the institution ; 
 and at one time, with the aid received from only one tutor, the whole work of 
 instruction devolved upon him. The history of our College reveals the fact 
 that to Dr. Condict, more than to any other person, is she indebted for the 
 noble building, standing in its beautiful location as an ornament to the 
 city. He was mainly instrumental in securing from Mr. James Parker, by 
 gift, the lot on which it stands. The first subscription-paper for the edi- 
 fice was drawn up by his hands ; and some time before his death, he had 
 the satisfaction of seeing his eftbrts crowned with success. 
 
 The second important event in his ministry was the removal of our Theo- 
 logical Seminary to New-Brunswick, and its vigorous grovi'th under the ad- 
 ministration of the venerable senior Professor, Dr. John 11. Livingston. It 
 was not until the year 1810 that the Seminary, on its permanent establish- 
 ment in New-Brunswick, started on its career of prosperity, which has 
 made it a fountain of life for the church and the world. 
 
 Thus, year after year. Dr. Condict toiled on in the work of the ministry, 
 a man eminently useful, and of distinguished position in the church. He 
 died in the midst of his years, his strong constitution giving way under the 
 pressure of accumulating burdens. Some closing incidents in his life were 
 remarkable. The church, to M^hich he had ministered for about seventeen 
 years, had resolved to erect a new and more commodious edifice for worship. 
 The plans were all perfected and the work commenced. In the providence 
 of God, the last sermon preached in the old building was the last sermon 
 which Dr. Condict preached. And, as if in anticipation of the event before 
 him, he took for his text this striking passage of Scripture: "But I must 
 die in this land, I must not go over Jordan ; but ye shall go over and pos- 
 sess the land. Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of 
 the Lord your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, 
 or the likeness of any thing which the Lord thy God hath forbidden thee." 
 After a sickness of only eight days, with precious exercises of grace, and in 
 the triumph of faith, he fell asleep in Jesus, in the forty-eighth year of his 
 age, and the twenty -fifth of his ministr3^ 
 
 He is represented to have been a tall, muscular man, with black hair, of 
 
TIIK MINISTKY. 59 
 
 prominent features, very grave in his deportment, and a man of undoubted 
 piety. Many still remember his sedatencss of appearance ; and not one who 
 ever heard him in prayer could forget the unction and spirituality of his 
 devotions, lie was subject to frequent moods of despondency, yet he vras 
 gifted with fine conver.sational powers ; and frequentlj'-, in social intercourse 
 with his people, he would throw off all reserve, and exhibit a mind full of 
 vivacity and affection. He wore in the pulpit the gown and cassock, and 
 his very appearance was dignified and solemn ; not a solemnity that repelled, 
 but drew toward him the esteem of the people as a consistent and devoted 
 minister. His strength lay in his powerful conviction of the truth, in his 
 intense earnestness of soul, in his deep sympathy with his hearers, and in 
 a singleness of aim that held him in close contact with the class. He had 
 a great aversion to appear in print, and, although repeatedl}'- urged to give 
 his sermons for publication, he uniformly declined so doing. The only 
 production of his pen that has fallen under the writer's notice, is a sermon 
 occasioned by the death of George Washington, delivered by invitation of 
 the Mayor and Common Council of the city, and published under their di- 
 rection. As a preacher he was clear in his analysis, close in his discussion 
 of the topic, and pungent in the application. He distrusted verj"- much his 
 own abilities, and was occasionally depressed in mind to such a degree that 
 he felt scarcely fitted to enter the pulpit. But while he was known among 
 his own people and friends as the "beloved Condict," with all classes he 
 was held in high esteem, not only for his personal worth, but for his ster- 
 ling pulpit abilities. — K. II. S. 
 
 CoNKLiN, Nathaniel, E.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. N.B. 1847; Miss, to 
 Long Branch, 1847-51, Montville, 1851— 
 
 CoNNiTT, G. W. W.C. 1849, Theolog. Institute Conn. 1853, 1. North Assoc, 
 of Hartford, 1852; (Deep River, Conn. Cong. 1854-G, Deep River, Conn. 
 Presbyt. 185G-G2,) Fallsburgh, 18G2-5, New-Prospect, 18G0-- 
 
 CoNSAUL, Gansevoort, D.W. Am. Col. 1859, P.S. 1861, S.S. Mohawk, 
 18G7— 
 
 Cordell, John G. (in CI. of Albany.) 
 
 Cooper, John i?., lie. h>/ Seceders, 18G4; Clarlstoion and Uempstead, 18G5 — 
 
 Cornelison, John, b. at Nyack, 1769, studied under H. Meyer and Living- 
 ston, lie. by the Synod of R.D. Ch. 1791 ; Miss, in Northern and Western 
 States, 1791-93, Bergen and English Neighborhood, 1793-1806, visited 
 the Settlements on the Delaware and Susquehanna, (Hanover,) 1794, 
 Bergen, 1806-28, d. 
 
 He commenced his ministerial course full of the ardor of youth, a noble 
 zeal for the glory of God, and an anxiety for the souls of men. He was a 
 man of meekness, of simplicity in manner, of godly deportment, and fervent 
 in prayer. Pie was much beloved, not only by his own people, but by all 
 the fatliers and brethren in the ministry. There was something in his 
 
60 THE MINISTKY. 
 
 speech and manner which won the reverence, regard, and affection of all. 
 His ministry was marked by the gradual progress of the Spirit's work 
 among his people, though in 1818 he had a special revival. He took a 
 warm interest in all the just then budding enterprises of the day. He was 
 also a warm friend of the Theological School at New-Brunswick. His re- 
 proofs 'were spoken with kindness and tempered with affection. He took 
 much interest in the colored people, many of whom were slaves, opening a 
 special service for them in his own house. He formed them into classes, 
 teaching some of them to read, and also filling their minds with Gospel 
 truths. For some time before his death, he lost the use of his faculties, 
 and was cut off from all intercourse with his family and friends. A brain 
 fever deprived him of his senses. But it pleased God, a few hours before 
 his decease, to resuscitate his powers, and to enable him to utter, in a short 
 but impressive manner, his clear prospects and joyful hopes. He blessed 
 all his children and his wife, and addressed a short exhortation to each. 
 He then said, in a low voice: "Lord Jesus, receive my departing soul into 
 thine arms. I bless and than kthee, Lord ! for thy faithfulness and good- 
 ness to me. Thou hast never left me, nor forsaken me. Thou hast guided 
 me gentlj' and safely over the journey of life. Thou hast not permitted me 
 to wander from thee. And, my Saviour ! thou wilt not leave me in the 
 last conflict — in these my last moments ! . . . Into thy hands I com- 
 mend my departing soul." And then he gently fell asleep. 
 
 Cornell, Frederick F. (s. of John Cornell,) C.N.J. 1825, N.B.S. 1. Presbyt. 
 Newtown, 1829; Professor of Languages in College of Mississippi, Nat- 
 chez, 1828-9, Miss, at Stuyvesant, three months, 1829, at Columbiaville, 
 1829-31, Montville, 1833-6, N.Y.O. Manhattan Ch. 1836-56, (Pluckemin 
 Presbyt. 1856-64, w. c.) 
 
 Cornell, James A. H. (s. of John Cornell,) R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 1841 ; Westerlo, 1841-43, New-Baltimor6, 1843-45, New-Baltimore 
 and Coeymans, 1845-48, Syracuse, 1848-51, Raritan 3d, 1851-56, Sec. 
 Bd. Education, 1856-61, w. c. 
 
 Cornell, John, b. at Northampton, Pa. 1774, studied under Livingston, 1. 
 CI. N.Y. 1798, [Allentown and Nottingham, Presbyt. 1800-21,] Principal 
 of Academies at Somerville, 1821-8, and at Millstone, 1828-35, d. 
 He pursued his classical studies at the Log College, Pa., completing them 
 with Dr. "Wilson, in New-York City. During his pastoral charge at Allen- 
 town, he was highly respected as an amiable and faithful teacher of the 
 Gospel. During his latter years, an impaired state of health having com- 
 pelled him to withdraw from stated public duties, he removed to Somerville, 
 and subsequently to Millstone, where he finally died. In both of these 
 places he devoted himself sedulously to the instruction of youth, numbering 
 among his pupils several M'ho became prominently useful in the ministry 
 and the other learned professions. Though born and educated in the Re- 
 formed Church, his active ministry was spent wholly in the Presbyterian. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 61 
 
 lie was again connected with tlic Reformed while conducting his classical 
 academy. As an instructor he was marked by great thoroughness and 
 ability, President Lindslcy testifying that, of all the students who came to 
 Princeton, none were better prepared than those who came from under 
 his care. 
 
 lie was also a man well read in divinity. lie possessed a clear and dis- 
 criminating mind and a sound judgment, and was firml}'' attached to the 
 great doctrines of grace. In the pulpit he appeared with great respectabili- 
 ty, and his sermons were instructive, methodical, and impressive. He was 
 very brief and accurate in his style, calm but impressive in his delivery, 
 with a voice soft but far-reaching. On the bed of sickness he found effec- 
 tual consolation in the truths which he had preached, expressing his entire 
 reliance in Christ, as the rock of his salvation.* 
 
 Cornell, Wm., R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 18G2, 1. CL Geneva, 18G2; Minisink, 
 1862-3, [Presbyt. 18C3-G7,] teaching at Somerville, 18G7— 
 
 Cornell, Wm. A., R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.B. 1844; Athens, 1844 
 -48, Blooming Grove, 1848-51, w. c. — 
 
 CoRWiN, Edward Tanjore, Coll. of City of New-York, 1853, N.B.S. 185G, 
 1. CI. Bergen, 185G; Resident Graduate at N.B.S. 185G-57, Paramus, 
 1857-63, Hillsborough, (Millstone,) 18G3— 
 
 Cough, Camp, 177.. -178.., died. 
 
 Cozine, Cornelius, Conewago, Pa. 1784-88. 
 
 Craven, Elijah R., C.N.J. 1842, P.S. 1847, 1. Presb. Baltimore, 1847; Som- 
 erville 2d, 1850-54, (Newark 3d Presbyt.) 1854— 
 
 Crawford, John B. b. at Hopewell, N.Y. 1814, R.C. 183G, N.B.S. 1830, 1. 
 . CI. Orange, 1839 ; Middletown Village, Nov. 1839-Oct. '40, d. 
 
 He was a man of commanding presence, a fine scholar, a good theologian, 
 and of great promise ; but was soon called away. 
 
 * He married Miss Maria Frelinghuj'sen, daughter of Gen. Frederick FrelLnghuysen, a 
 lady of great amiability and eminent piety. Her bright example was invaluable, and her 
 presence always inspired pleasure and comfort. In her the poor and suffering lost a friend, 
 and the church of Christ a burning light. Her mind was naturally vigorous and strong. She 
 was characterized by unwearied faithfulness, by kindness of manner, by a patience and se- 
 renity of disposition that were peculiarly her ov.Ti. She was accurate in her perceptions and 
 judgment, and at all times a wise and discreet counselor. She, moreover, deeply realized 
 the obligations which her position in life imposed upon her. Before her family, she beauti- 
 fully exemplified the excellence of the principles of the Gospel. The path of duty under her 
 government was strewed with flowers, and virtue and religion were made attractive. But 
 her charity was too large to be restricted within such narrow limits. It made the whole 
 world of mankind her brethren and sisters. The hut of poverty was often cheered by her 
 presence. She loved to commune with the children of affliction and sorrow, and lead them 
 to the great source of consolation and peace. In the house of mourning she was always at 
 home. She had clear conceptions of the plan of salvation, yet ever had a pungent sense of 
 her condition as a sinner, sometimes almost feeling ready to conclude that all past experience 
 was delusive. Yet she neglected no opportunity of advancing the kingdom of Christ, and 
 was rewarded, at length, with perfect assurance of faith. 
 
62 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Crispell, Cor. Eltinge, E.G. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. KB. 1842; Pier- 
 mont, 1842-47, Linlithgo, 1847-57, Schoharie, 1857-63, Rector of Gram- 
 mar School, New-Brunswick, 1863-06, also Prof, of History in Rutgers 
 College 1864-66, Prof, of Nat. Philosophy, Mathematics, and Astrono- 
 my in Hope College, 1860-07, Prof, of Didactic Theology in Holland 
 Seminary, 1867 — 
 
 Crocker, Asahel B. b. at Cambridge, N.Y. 1813, U.C. 1839, P.S. 1842, 
 1. Presbyt. Troy, 1842 ; Glenville 2d, 1842-8, (Eastern, N.Y. Congreg.) 
 1848-50, d. 
 
 Crosby, Howard, N.Y.U. 1844, lie. by North-Berkshire Assoc. Mass. 18. ., 
 Prof, of Greek in N.Y.U. 1852-9, Prof, of Greek in Rutgers Col. 1860-2, 
 (N.Y.C. Presbyt.) 
 
 Cruikshank, John C. b. 1798, U.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, Hyde Park, 1837- 
 43, Hurley, 1843-50, Little Falls, 1850-08, w. c. 
 
 Cruikshank, Wm. b. at Salem, N.Y. 1798, U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. 
 
 N.B. 1824 ; Flatlands and New-Lotts, 1825-34, Newburgh, 1885-8, S.S. 
 
 Mamakating, 1849-54, d. 
 
 He collected and organized the church of Newburgh in 1835, but failing 
 health soon obliged him to resign, and prevented his assuming the pastoral 
 relation again except as a supply. His mind was clear and logical, and his 
 sermons partook of the same characteristics, being clearly arranged, and 
 were also forcibly presented. He did not write out his discourses in full, 
 but filled up and illustrated his subject from the inspiration of the moment. 
 His delivery was warm and glowing, and its effect was heightened by a 
 voice of great compass and of unusutl flexibility of intonation. To these 
 were added a graceful person and manner, and a countenance that ex- 
 pressed the emotions of his soul. In ministerial labor he was active and 
 devoted, while as a companion he was genial. He possessed a sympathiz- 
 ing nature and a varied and extensive store of knowledge. He was spoken 
 of by those who knew him as one of the most gifted ministers in the de- 
 nomination. He published a tract entitled " David Baldwin ; or, the Mil- 
 ler's Son," and a sermon on " The Intermediate State." When without a 
 charge, he published a series of papers on "Washington's Body-Guard." 
 
 Currie, Robt. 0. b. 1806, R.C. 1829, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. N.B. 1834; New- 
 Utrecht, 1835-60, d. 
 
 He was a clear and accurate thinker ; his mind did not tolerate any con- 
 fusion of words or seek for a display of language. His words were care- 
 fully selected for an accurate expression of those ideas of M'hich he had a 
 clear conception in his own mind. But while this was so, his style was 
 not dry or harsh ; with nothing to attract attention, his language was like 
 polished glass, a pure medium through which the truth was presented in 
 the truest, clearest manner. 
 
 He was a careful and constant student of the word of God. He had 
 
THE MINISTRY. 63 
 
 mental traits which rendered him competent to distinguish himself in any 
 of the departments of learning, but this was his chosen work. lie studied 
 the Bible profoundly and brought forth its rich treasures in well-prepared 
 discourse for the pulpit. lie was not a dry, didactic instructor nor an im- 
 passioned orator. His heart glowed with the truth, and that glow was 
 shed over all his discourses. His sermons were clear in their statements, 
 convincing the moral judgment of his hearers. They were direct ; he did 
 not wander from tlie point he intended to reach for embellishments to please 
 the fanc}', the thing intended was brought distinctly before the mind. 
 There was a full statement of all the doctrines that refer to man's redemp- 
 tion and a faithful inculcation of all the duties of a Christian life. 
 
 As a minister of God he desired the salvation of men, and was not satis- 
 fied without reaching this end as the object of his ministr3^ He sought 
 also to instruct and edify the members of the church. It was this last 
 work for which he was so fully qualified and in which he succeeded so 
 well. He gave to the members of his church a solid Christian education ; 
 they were educated in doctrine and in duty. It was his purpose to bring 
 each one up to the measure of their responsibility as a steward and a 
 servant of Christ. A long ministry to one people, extending through more 
 than thirty years, gave an oj^portunity to test successfully this method of 
 rearing up Cln-istians to the "measure of the stature of the fullness of 
 Christ." The results of this process of religious education and spiritual 
 development have remained as a monument of praise to commemorate his 
 work ; especially do we see it in the large, steady, perennial flow of Chris- 
 tian benevolence. Warmly interested himself in every good work and 
 steadfast in it, he brought his church to realize the true principle of Chris- 
 tian action. 
 
 lie felt much anxiety for the conversion of sinners ; this troubled his 
 mind for .come years before his death. It pleased the Lord not to send the 
 promised blessing until he had taken him home into the heavenly man- 
 sions. While his people were yet without a pastor, a most wonderful 
 work of grace occurred, by which a large number, especially of youth, were 
 added to the church. The gathering of the harvest from the seed which 
 he had sown was done by other hands. 
 
 As a pastor, he was kind, faithful, and affecti"Dnate. It was his fixed 
 principle to give immediate attention to ever)'' duty. In social intercourse 
 he was the Christian gentleman, with no taint of arrogance or self-impor- 
 tance. His opinions and principles were well ascertained and faithfully ad- 
 hered to. He was careful, candid, and wise in counsel, a good and reliable 
 adviser in ecclesiastical matters. An example of punctuality in attend- 
 ance, and of courtesy and propriety in conference and public debate with 
 his ministerial brethren ; and as such he is held in memory esteemed and 
 respected. — J. M. V. B. 
 
 Curteniu.s, Antonius, b. 1698, c. from Holland, 1730, llackensack, 1730-7, 
 Hackensack and Schraalenburgh, 1737-55, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bush- 
 wick, Flatbush, New-Utrecht, and Gravesend, 1755-G, d. 
 
64 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 He was pastor at Ilackensack when those difficulties began which have 
 now for nearly a century and a quarter, distracted the religious communi- 
 ties of Bergen County, N. J. The origin of these difficulties is somewhat 
 obscure, yet their general nature can be understood. (Ctoetschius, J. H., Ju.) 
 Another minister was called, as a colleague, after Mr. Curtenius had 
 preached in his charges for eighteen years. This may have been partly on 
 account of the excessive labor, and partly on account of the disaffection of 
 some toward Domine Curtenius, who, perhaps, was not very popular. 
 Yet the latter installed Mr. Goetschius as his colleague. They were, 
 moreover, both members of the Coetus, although when Coetus proposed 
 turning itself into a Chassis, in 1753, Curtenius, with several others, be- 
 came the bitter opponent of the Coetus. The elders and deacons of his 
 charge seem to have been, without exception, inimical to Curtenius. He 
 was not treated by them with the deference which was his due, they not 
 even consulting him in important business matters. He often preached 
 without a single one of them in their places. 
 
 Yet he had his friends, and the year after he left Hackensack, (1756,) having 
 been called by the party of Arondeus on Long Island to succeed that trou- 
 blesome man, his party at Hackensack and Schraalenburgh had themselves 
 organized into new and independent consistories. This service was done 
 by Domine Haeghoort, of Second River, (1756.) The new organizations 
 now called John Schuyler, of Schoharie, to succeed Curtenius. Mr. S. had 
 been ordained to the ministry in this country, indeed, (but by express di- 
 rection of the Classis of Amsterdam,) in 1736, by Homines Erickson and 
 Haeghoort. He had been a member of Coetus from its origin, but now 
 against their wishes took charge of these new organizations, and was cen- 
 sured bj^ them for it. Coetus seems to have hoped that the separation 
 would not continue. But the committee of Coetus who imposed the cen- 
 sure, namely, T. Frelinghuysen, Verbryck, Fryenmoet, and J. Leydt, were 
 prosecuted for it. But the division was made, and continues with all its 
 unhappy influences and sins to this day. Yet Curtenius seems to have 
 been a mild and prudent man. Says his obituary, " He was remarkable 
 for his indefatigable diligence in the ministrations of his office. His actions 
 in all the affairs of life have ever been accompanied with the strictest rules 
 of justice, so that none could with more propriety claim the title of 
 a preacher and sincere Christian, which not only his morals manifested, 
 but his happy death." A funeral eulogj^ on him was printed in New-Yoi'k 
 by H. Goelet. 
 
 Gushing, David, b. 1801, N.B.S, 1831, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1831 ; Kinder- 
 hook, 2d, 1834-5, (Lockport, N.Y. and Portsmouth, 0. 1835-49.) 
 
 Cuyler, Cornelius C, b. in Albany, 1783, U.C. 1786, studied under Bassett 
 and Livingston, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1808 ; Poughkeepsie, 1809-33, 
 (Philadelphia, Presbyt. 1833-May, '50,) d. Aug. 31st, 1850. 
 His strength and agility of body in early life were great. The necessity 
 
 of self-reliance early developed his faculties. The result was, that at twen- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 65 
 
 tj'-five years of age lie liad the niaturih'- wliich many no less gifted by na- 
 ture, do not attain till a much later period. As a man, he was confiding, 
 friendly, and social to an unusual degree. AVith all his delightful tender- 
 ness were united great boldness and manliness of natural intellect, and 
 patience and heroism of heart. 
 
 His Christian character was adjusted in fine proportions. The ascetic, 
 the superstitious, the fitnatical, or the liarsh had in him no place. Humble 
 before (.iod, he was courteous but not servile before man. A lover of 
 peace, he made no man an olFender for a word. His faith bordered not on 
 presumption, and yet it was firm. His love to God's people was strong 
 and self-sacrificing. 
 
 As a public servant of the Lord Jesus he was entitled to great venera- 
 tion. He ever held fast the form of sound words, but he did not rest in a 
 heartless orthodoxy. He held that it was good to be zetdousl}'- allected in 
 a good cause. He was greatly successful in winning souls and in edifying 
 believers. During the first two years of his ministry, two hundred were 
 united to his church, and he was favored with three other large revivals in 
 his first charge. While there, he refused calls to some of the most impor- 
 tant positions iu the country, rejoicing in the affectionate confidence of a 
 pious and devoted people. He received at three different communion sea- 
 sons respectively sixty-nine, eighty, and eighty-eight indiviiluals, at one 
 time baptizing twenty-nine adults on a single occasion. When he took 
 charge at Poughkeepsie, there were only about fifty communicants, and 
 there were added during his ministry nearly a thousand. In Philadelphia, 
 he received about three hundred. His ministerial and pastoral duties were 
 ever pursued with unwearied, assiduous, and punctual devotedness. — Fu- 
 neral Address ly JRev. W. S. Flumer. 
 
 Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard, C.N.J. 1841, P.S. 1^46 ; (Kingston, Pa., Bur- 
 lington, N.J., Trenton, 3d ;) N.Y.C. Market St. 1854-9, (Brooklyn, Park 
 St. 1859—) 
 
 Dahlmann, John J. W. from Presbyt. ofKassau; (Melrose, 18G1-3, Phila- 
 delphia, G.Pv. 1863-5,) w. c. 1805— 
 
 Daille, Pierre, b. 1G49; (French Ref.) New-York, 1G83-92, supplied also 
 , New-Paltz occasionally, 1088-92, itinerated among the French churches, 
 
 1692-0, Boston, (French Ref.) 1096-1715, d. 
 
 In October, 1083, Dominc Selyns writes to the Classis of Amsterdam, 
 "Doinine Peter Daille, late professor at Salmurs, has become my colleague. 
 He is full of fire, godliness, and learning. Banished on account of his reli- 
 gion, he maintains the cause of Jesus Christ with untiring zeal." He offi- 
 ciated in New-York in the Reformed French church, organizing and sup- 
 plying the neighboring Huguenot congregations as opportunity permitted. 
 He fell under the displeasure of Governor Leisler, in 1090, for refusing to 
 recognize his usurpations. For four years after 1092 he seems to have 
 tinerated most of the time. He was the Apostle to the Huguenots in 
 5 
 
66 THE MINISTEY. 
 
 America. He was a person of great piety and charity, of affable and cour- 
 teous behavior, and of an exemplary life and conversation. He was much 
 lamented by his Qock.— Col. Hist. iii. 651, Mass. Col. Hist. ii. 52. 
 
 [Dallicker, (De la Cour,) Fred. b. 1738, 1. 1757; Amwell, N.J. 17.. -70, 
 Rockaway, Valley, Alexandria, and Foxenburgh, N.J. 1770-82, Gosen- 
 hoppen, Pa. 1782-4, d. 1799.] 
 
 Dangremond, Gerrit, H.C. 1866, student of theology at Holland, Mich. 
 1869. 
 
 Dater, Henry, R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Paramus, 1850 ; Branchville, 
 1850-3, Hyde Park, 1853— 
 
 Davenport, Jerome A. N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. N.B. 1847 ; Miss, to Thousand 
 Isles, 1847-50, Miss, to Wisconsin, 1854, Episcopalian. 
 
 Davie, J. T. M. From Presbyt. North-River, 1853 ; Flatlands, 1853-61, d. 
 1862. 
 
 Davis, John A. R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI 1868 ; sailed for China, 
 
 Jan. 9th, 1869. 
 
 Davis, Wm. E. R.C. 1868, student in N.B.S. • 
 
 Davis, Wm. P. Princetown, N.Y. 1843-7, Helderbergh, 1847-51, Coey- 
 mans and New-Baltimore, 1852-5, Helderbergh, 1857 — 
 
 (Dean, Artemus, supplied Schenectady, 2d, 1858-61, pending the property 
 suit.) 
 
 De Baun, John A. R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Paramus, 1855 ; Oyster 
 Bay, 1855-8, Lisha's Kill and Niskayuna, 1858— 
 
 De Baun, Isaac Y., I. ly Seceders, 1860 ; Montville, 1861-5, Paramus, 
 1868— 
 
 De Baiin, John T., I. iy the Seceders, 1856 ; Ramaiw and Hempstead, 1856- 
 60, Hackensack and English Neighborhood, 1860 — 
 
 De Beer, J. B. Forreston, 1867— 
 
 Decker, Henry E. W.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. Rensselaer, 1857 ; New- 
 Concord, 1857-60, Piermont, 1860-5, Grand Rapids, 1865-7, Havana, 
 1867— 
 
 De Fraest, David R. b. in Greenbush, Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1785, N.B.S. 
 1818, 1. CI. N.B. 1818 ; Cato, 1821-5, Cato and Stirling, 1825, indepen- 
 dent, 1825-8, 1828 suspended; Assoc. Presbyt. d. 1851. 
 
 De Hart, Wm. H. R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. Bergen, 1868 ; N. and S. 
 Hampton, 1868 — 
 
 Dellius, Godfreidus, c. to America, 1683 ; Albany, also supplying Schenec- 
 tady, 1083-99 , Miss, at same time to the Mohawk Indians. 
 He was called to Albany as an assistant to Schaats in his declining days. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 67 
 
 For the first half-dozen years he seems quietly to have performed his 
 duties, but for the last ten years of his ministry he is much mixed up in 
 civil affairs, lie refused, in common with all the Reformed clergy, to re- 
 cognize Leisler's usurpation in 1689. He was commanded to appear in 
 New- York to answer this charge, but he secreted himself in New-Jersey 
 and on Long Island. lie also was at Selyns' house in the city clandes- 
 tinely, while in the neighborhood. lie afterward fled to Boston. Leislcr 
 charged him with being a principal actor in the French and English diffi- 
 culties and an enemy to the Prince of Orange, refusing to recognize the 
 English Revolution by which the Protestant William succeeded the Papal 
 James. He styled him a Coclcaran, minister, and states that he refused to 
 celebrate thanksgiving day for the happy revolution, and also a subsequent 
 day of humiliation, and that he shut his doors when William and Mary 
 were proclaimed King and Queen of the province. Dellius was the princi- 
 pal of Major Winthrop's council, helping the disafiected and corresponding 
 with the Jesuits in Canada. Dellius, however, wrote to England, repre- 
 senting Leisler's character in its true light. It would seem that it was not 
 hostility to the Prince of Orange which influenced the Dutch clergy gene- 
 rall}', but rather an unwillingness in any way to recognize Leisler's procla- 
 mations as official. 
 
 Immediatel}^ after Leisler's execution, in May, 1691, Governor Sloughter 
 recalled Dellius, who was on the point of embarking for Europe from Bos- 
 ton. He returned to New-York, and thence proceeded to Albany. He 
 said that he returned especially for the sake of teaching the poor Indians, 
 and they expressed great gratitude to the new Governor for recalling him. 
 lie was allowed by the Government £60 a year for teaching them. He, 
 like Megapolensis before him, greatly restrained their ferocities toward 
 their French prisoners. Father Milet, when a prisoner among the Oneidas, 
 was saved much suffering through Dellius' influence. Milet, while a cap- 
 tive, wrote him several letters, and Father Dablon, another Jesuit mis- 
 sionary in Canada, warmly thanked Dellius in a letter, and oflfercd to secure 
 him pecuniary compensation for his kindness from any port of France 
 which he might name. Dellius also corresponded with Governor Fletcher 
 about the French and Indian difficulties, the French and English both 
 seeking to monopolize the fur trade with the Five Nations. He was also 
 often employed as a civil agent to the Indians, and had a most remarkable 
 power over them. 
 
 With the conclusion of peace between the English and French in Europe, 
 Dellius and Peter Schuyler were sent as agents to Canada, to Count de 
 Frontenac, (April, 1698,) to announce the peace and bring to an end the 
 provincial hostilities. They took with them nineteen French prisoners and 
 secured the delivery of those held by the French. This was done under 
 the authority of Bellomont. 
 
 But the Domine now became involved in a charge of fraud. Two Chris- 
 tian Indians made affidavit that he, in connection with Peter Schuyler, 
 Evert Banker, and Dirck Wessels, had fraudulently, in 1696, obtained an 
 
68 THE MINISTEY. 
 
 Indian deed for a large tract of land. They stated that he had represented 
 to them that there was great danger of their lands being taken from them 
 by patents from the crown, and that, in order to secure them, they must 
 transfer them to him and his partners, in trust. This land, the deed for 
 which was confirmed by Governor Fletcher, was on the east side of the 
 Hudson, above Albany, extending seventy miles in length, to Vergennes, 
 Vermont, and twelve in breadth. He also obtained a strip in the valley of 
 the Mohawk, fifty miles by four. Governor Fletcher was notorious for his 
 great corruption in ceding large grants to individuals. When the Indians 
 ascertained the true state of the case, they were indignant. At an ap- 
 pointed meeting with Bellomont, at Albany, in May, 1698, they showed 
 great reserve and sullenness, {Col. Hist. iv. 346, 362-7;) but when they 
 discovered they could trust Bellomont, they told him all the circumstances. 
 These Indians were converts of Dellius. Yet a large number of the people 
 vindicated Dellius in the whole transaction, and when the vacating act 
 was about to be passed, a memorial, signed hy several hundreds, was pre- 
 sented against it. Many of the people, however, were opposed to any 
 large grants. They styled the grantees landgraves. The land was espe- 
 cially valuable for masts, which were floated down to New-York. There 
 was no rent reserved for the king excepting a few skins. Bellomont sa)'3 : 
 " This is a prodigious tract of country to grant away to a stranger that has 
 not a child, that is not a denizen, and, in a word, a man that has not any 
 sort of virtue or merit." Indeed, Bellomont spares no opportunity to 
 blacken Dellius' character, and almost seems to overshoot the mark. He 
 charges him with all sorts of crimes, {Col. Hist. iv. 488, 581 ;) yet the In- 
 dian converts who had sworn against him afterward took a counter oath, 
 and asked Dellius to forgive them, just before he left the country. Proba- 
 bly the Indians did not understand fully either of the oaths. Bellomont 
 secured a bill to vacate the lands (in the spring of 1699) and a doubtful 
 vote to suspend Dellius from ministerial duty in Albany County. As one 
 of the Council, he gave the casting vote against him and also signed the 
 bill as Governor. The Classis of Amsterdam complained to the Bishop of 
 London of Bellomont's conduct, and Albany raised £200 and New-York 
 £500, with which Dellius might hasten to England to try and defeat the 
 vacating bill before it received the king's signature. The enemies of Del- 
 lius said he fled the country. 
 
 The whole case is reviewed by the agent of the Government in its de- 
 fense in Col. Hist. v. 7-11. Dellius carried with him to England nume- 
 rous certificates vindicating his character in the whole transaction, the two 
 French Reformed clergymen and Rev. Mr, Vese)"-, rector of Trinity Church, 
 New-York, giving theirs among the rest. His enemies sent many other 
 certificates after him of an opposite character. Mr. Vesey prayed for him 
 by name in his public services, asking that God would deliver him from 
 the hands of his enemies, give him a prosperous voyage, and send him 
 back to his flock. But Bellomont, on the other hand, entreated that Mr, 
 Vesey might be superseded, and Dellius not allowed to return. Yet Bello- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 69 
 
 mont himself must have been a man of strange character. lie not only 
 vindicated the usurpations and acts of Leisler, but, nine years after Leislcr's 
 execution as a traitor, he had his remains exhumed, and, after lying in 
 state for several weeks, buried under the Dutch church, notwithstanding 
 the protests of the consistory. (Col. Hist. iv. 523, G21.) Many charges 
 may be seen against him also in the last reference. The Bishop of London 
 regretted that so useful a man as Dellius had been suspended. He after- 
 ward (1705, 1710) seems to have been a missionary to the Indians in the 
 Episcopal Church, although this is not, perhaps, certain. He was not a 
 married man when he went to Albany, and, so f\ir as appears, never mar- 
 ried. In 1705, he is represented as advancnig toward age. The circum- 
 stances in which ho was placed rendered it difficult for him to avoid the 
 political complications in which he became involved, though they must 
 have most seriousl}- interfered with his ministry. The extensive grants 
 which he received from the corrupt Fletcher have certainly a bad look, yet, 
 from the counter affidavits afterward made, he may have been innocent of 
 intentional fraud. Nucella became his colleague the year before his de- 
 parture. See his name in index of Col. Hist. iV^. F., which is very full ; 
 also index of Doc. Mist. JV! Y. 
 
 Demarest, Cor. T. C.C. 1804, studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 
 1807 ; White House, 1808-13, English Neighborhood, 1813-24, seceded, 
 suspended. [English Neigliborliood, 1824-39, Jlackensack and English 
 NeighUrhood, 1839-51, New-Yorl\ King St. 1851-G2, d.] 
 In the early part of his labors at English Neighborhood he seems to have 
 been much blessed. For five years all was amicable. But lie then be- 
 came entangled in the unhappy difiQculties of the Hackensack church, by 
 taking part too warm.ly with Domine Froeligh. (Froeligh.) He was 
 charged with having tampered with the Minutes of the Classis of Bergen 
 in reference to the matters in dispute, and thus he was led on into the 
 secession, in 1824. The Classis then suspended him (he refusing to ap- 
 pear) for falsifying their Minutes, for prevarication, and private and public 
 abuse of Classi.s, and for public schism. (See Minutes of Classis.) His 
 consistory unanimously went with him into the secession and attempted to 
 carry the property with them, which resulted in a lawsuit, sixty-two mem- 
 bers of the congregation protesting against their secession. Judge E wing de- 
 cided against the seceders and gave the property to those who had remained 
 in the old connection. Mr. Demarest continued to officiate in the church 
 of the secession till his death, in 18G3. He seems to have taken the place 
 of Solomon Froeligh when he died, in 1827, as the chief leader of the 
 secession. He preached a sermon, which was printed, styled " A Lamenta- 
 tion over Rev. Solomon Froeleigh," witli copious historical notes pertaining 
 to the men who had had any connection with these affairs. It betraj's 
 much of a bitter spirit. 
 
 Demarest, David D. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840; Flatbush, 
 (Ulster Co. N.Y.) 1841-43, New-Brunswick 2d, 1843-52, Hudson, 1852- 
 65, Prof, of Pastoral Theology at New-Brunswick, 18G5 — 
 
70 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Demarest, Jas. (son of John Demarest,) Col. of Physicians and Surgeons 
 N.Y. 182., N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. N.B. 1829; Miss, to Williamsburgh, 1829 
 -30 WiUiamsburgh, 1830-39, Wawarsing, 1842-48, Miss, at Lansing, 111. 
 1848 Sup. of Leake and Watts Orphan House, 1849-53, North-Hemp- 
 stead, 1853-59, w. c— 
 
 Demakest, Jas. (son of Jas. Demarest,) U.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 1856 ; Hackensack 2d, 1856-63, Newark 4th, 1863-66, Chicago, 1866— 
 
 Demarest, Jas. D. studied Theol. under Livingston, \. CI. Paramus, 1803 ; 
 Caatsban, 1807-8, Kakiat and Ramapo, 1808-24, seceded, [Hamapo and 
 Kahiat, {Hempstead,) 1824-58, w. c] 
 
 Demarest, John, (b. at New-Bridge, N.J. 1763, studied under Froeligh, 1. by 
 Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789 ; Niskayuna and Boght, 1790-1803, Minisink 
 and Mahakemack, 1803-1806, Ponds and WyckofF, 1812-20, seceded, 
 1822 ; su^ended, 1824, d. 1837. 
 
 Demarest, John T. R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. N.Y. 1837; New-Pros- 
 pect, 1837-49, Minisink, 1850-53, Prin. Harrisburgh Academy, 1852-54, 
 Pascack, 1854-67, w. c. 
 
 Demarest, Wm. C.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. N.Y. 1837; Clover Hill, 
 1838-40, New-Hurley, 1840-45, Berne 1st and Beaverdam, 1845-50, 
 Westerlo, 1850-54, Bound Brook, 1854-57, Ramapo, 1858-68, w. c. 
 
 Demarest, Wm. in secession, licensed 1837, w. c. 
 
 De Mund, Isaac S. C.N.J. 1823, Walpeck, 1827-9, teaching at Natchez, 
 Miss. 1829-30, Pompton, 1830-39, Houston St. N.Y. 1839-48, Yonkers, 
 1848-50, Belleville, 1850-56, [2d Lancaster, Ger. Ref. 1856-64,] Paramus, 
 1864— 
 
 Denham, Alex, from Assoc. Ref. Presb. of Washington, 1827, w. c. 1827- 
 30. 
 
 Denniston, J. Otis, U.S. 18. ., Chapel at Fishkill on the Hudson, 1866 — 
 
 De Pree, Jas. H.C. 1867, Student of Theology in Holland Sem. 1870. 
 
 De Pree, Peter, R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Holland, 1865 ; Bethel, 
 1867— 
 
 De Puy, Ephraim, R.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840; Prattsville, 
 1841-46, Clove, 1846-53, Mott Haven, 1853-54, Middleport, 1856-57, 
 w. c. 1857-61, Episcopahan. 
 
 De Ronde, Lambertus, New-York and Harlem, 1751-84, Schaghticoke, 
 
 1784-95, d. 
 
 He supplied Schaghticoke during most of the revolution, as he was driven 
 from New-York ; but in 1780 he represented the churches of Red Hook and 
 Saugerties in the Classis of Kingston. He was successor to the eminent 
 
THE MINISTRY. 71 
 
 Du Bois, in New-York. At his first coming, he attended one meeting of 
 the Coetus, but never afterward. lie became a decided member of the Con- 
 ferentie party after the disruption in 1755, and was never absent from their 
 meetings, llis Consistory, however, remained neutral. Though he did not 
 possess as high a standard of character and usefulness as his colleague, Rit- 
 zema, yet, in many points, he was respectable. Though he was one of the 
 committee which procured Dr. Laidlie to preach in English, he afterward 
 turned against him, and was the leading spirit in the "Dutch party" in the 
 famous law-suit which grew out of this matter. Many were bitterly deter- 
 mined not to submit to the innovation of English preaching. The Consis- 
 tory, however, gained the suit, which was upon a side issue, while the 
 "Dutch party" had £300 costs to pay. 
 
 De Voe, David, studied theol. under Livingston (?) Beaverdam and Middle- 
 burgh, 1808-16, also Oppenheim, 1811-16, St. Johnsville, 1816-30, Co- 
 lumbia and Warren, 1886-9, d. 1843. Was an active pioneer in Central 
 New-York, and organized many churches. — See reports of Miss. Soc. 
 R.D.C. 1822-32. 
 
 Dewing, Jared, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820 ; Miss, at Princetown, 1822 ; 
 Presbyt. 
 
 (De Wint, Peter, in 1749, called to Bergen and Staten Island; an impostor ; 
 suspended, 1751, deposed, 1752, went to AYest-Indies.) 
 
 De Witt, John, b. at Catskill, 1789, U.C. and C.N.J. 1809, studied under 
 Dr. Porter, of Catskill, lie. 1811; (Lanesboro, Mass. 1811-13,) Albany, 
 1813-15, Albany 2d, 1815-23, Prof. Ecc. Hist, in New-Brunswick Sem. 
 1823-31, also of Oriental Literature, 1825-31, Prof. o( Bel. Let. Criticism 
 and Logic in Rutgers Col. 1825-31, d. 
 
 He had traits different from most men. Indeed, he was a sui generis man. 
 His temperament was warm and impulsive, with a vivacity and sprightli- 
 ness that sometimes ran into excessive levity. His faculties were very 
 vigorous, and he had a versatility that was indulged to a fault. While he 
 was a pastor, he sought to know every thing. He was distinguished by a 
 marked individuality if not originality of mind.- He did and said things 
 in his own way, and as no one else was likely to do or say them ; yet he 
 always, or, at least, generally, did and said them well. He excelled almost 
 any man in solving knotty problems in theology, and in elucidating difficult 
 and complicated texts and subjects. His induction into the professorial 
 chair was of great and evident advantage to him, inasmuch as it served to 
 concentrate his mind, and restrain its tendencies to an excessive excursive- 
 ness, while it gave him au opportunity to bring his multifarious acquire- 
 ments to bear upon his special department of labor. He was somewhat 
 abrupt in speech and manner, yet a man of much kindness and hospitality. 
 — G. L. 
 
 He commenced the study of law in Kinderhook ; but, his mind having 
 
72 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 been brought under deep religious convictions, he felt called to devote him- 
 self to the ministry. In Albany he was the colleague of Dr. Bradford. The 
 church of Albany had two buildings in different parts of the city, and in 
 1815, when the collegiate connection was dissolved, the two pastors drew 
 lots to decide to which churches they should respectively go. 
 
 He was a man of frank, joyous, and genial nature, yet of acute and ten- 
 der sensibilities. His piety was ardent. His preaching eminently plain, 
 evangelical, and earnest. His manner in the pulpit was unaffected, digni- 
 fied, and serious, his voice clear and strong, and his enunciation distinct 
 and deliberate. No man could listen to him without pleasure and instruc- 
 tion. As a pastor, he enjoyed in a high degree the confidence and affec- 
 tion of his people, and his separation from them was an event deeply re- 
 gretted by them all. 
 
 De Witt, John, (son of John De Witt,) E.G. 1838, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1842; Ridgeway, 1842-4, Ghent 1st, 1845-8, Canajoharie, 1848-9, Mill- 
 s{one, 1850-G3, Prof. Oriental Lit. New-Brunswick, 1863— 
 
 De Witt, Peter, b. at Flatbush, 1739; C.N.J. 1769, studied theol. under 
 Livingston, lie. by General Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1778 ; Pihine- 
 beck, Rhinebeck Flats, and Upper Red Hook, 1787-98, Ponds and Wyc- 
 koff; 1798-1809, d. 
 
 De Witt, Richard, R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Kingston, 1863; Guil- 
 ford, 1864— 
 
 De Witt, Thomas, b. at Kingston, 1791, U.C. 1808, N.B.S. 1812, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1812 ; Hopewell and New-Hackensack, 1812-26, Hopewell, 1826-7, New- 
 York, 1827— 
 
 Dey, Richard Varick, (grandson of Archibald Laidlie,) C.C. 1818, N.B.S. 
 1822, lie. by Congregationalists ; (Greenfield Hill, Ct. 1822-30,) Vaned- 
 water St. N.Y. 1830-31, w. c. d. 184.. 
 
 Deyo, Paul T. Samsonville, 1868— 
 
 Dickhaut, Conrad, 3d Ger. Ref. D. Ch. N.Y. 1854, Ger. New-Brooklyn, 
 1854-56, Ger. New-Brooklyn and Newtown 2d, 1856-61, New-Brooklyn, 
 1861-60. 
 
 Dickson, Alex. Waterford, 1849-52, Albany 3d, 1853-60, w. c— 
 
 [Dillenbcrger, John Jacob, from Switzerland ; Egypt, Pa. 1752-5.] 
 
 Doe, Walter P. U.C. 1846, S.S. Gansevoort, 1852-53. 
 
 Doeppenschmidt, Chs. from Ger. Evang. Assoc. Ohio, 1856 ; Jersey City 
 4tb, Ger. 1856-64, Hudson City, Ger. 1864— 
 
 Doolittle, Horace, U.C. 1826, P.S. 1829, 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1828; (Spring- 
 field, N.J. 1830-3, South-Orange, 1833-40,) Pompton, 1840-52, Stanton, 
 1852— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 73 
 
 DooLiTTLK, PniLiP M. (son of Horace Doolittle,) U.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1850, 1. 
 CI. of Philadelphm, 1850; North-Branch, 1850— 
 
 DooLiTTLK, T. Sandford, R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 18G2, 1. CI. of N.Y. 1862; Flat- 
 lands, 1862-4, Prof, of Rhet. Logic, & Mental Phil, in Rutgers Coll. 1864— 
 
 Doll, Geo. J. L. b. 1739, Alban.y, Gcr. 1772-75, Kingston, 1775-1808, died 
 1811. 
 
 Donald, James, Mariaville, 1844-50, w. c. 1853. 
 Doremiis, J. II. R.C. 1802, N.B.S. 1865. 
 
 [Dorstiu?, G. II. North and South-IIampton, and Bucks Co. generally, Pa. 
 
 1731-48, probably went to Holland.] 
 
 He was a contemporary and intimate friend of Domine Frelinghuysen. 
 Like him, he had his troubles, probably from similar causes. A number 
 of young men studied with him for the ministry. He at once fell in with 
 Schlatter's efforts to organize and consolidate the Pennsylvania churches. 
 The Synod of N. and S. Holland addressed a letter, through him, to the 
 Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, (1743,) asking that Synod to write 
 them the condition of the Reformed Churches, (whether German or Dutch,) 
 in that province, and also the condition of their own churches ; and to state 
 whether it were practicable for them to unite in one body. Their reply, 
 after giving the information asked, declared their willingness to unite with 
 them in all efforts to promote the common interests of religion. Dorstius 
 united with Frelinghu3'sen in ordaining Goetschius, on their own responsi- 
 bility, to furnish preachers of the Gospel to the people. — IlarlaitgJis Lives. 
 
 Doty, Elihu, b. in 18.., R.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1836; 
 voyage to Java, June-Sept. 1830, Batavia, 1830-9, Sambas, Borneo, 
 June, 1839-40, in Borneo, lS40-April, '44, Amoy, June, 1844-5, voyage 
 to America, Nov. 1845-March, '46, in America, 1840-7, voyage to China, 
 May-Aug. 1847, Amoy, 1847-59, voyage to America, Nov. 1859-Feb. '60, 
 in America, 1860-1, voyage to China, May-July, 1861, Amoj', 1801-4, 
 sailed for America, Nov. 30th, 1864, d. on passage. 
 
 His first aspirations after missionary life were formed in the Sabbath- 
 school. In his studies he was known for his faithful application and ex- 
 cellent scholarship — not showy, but solid — developing excellent judgment 
 and great balance of mind, and winning respect and confidence by his 
 earnest and decided piety. He was somewhat advanced in age when he 
 began his preparation for the ministr}', and, by the advice of others, over- 
 leaped two years of the collegiate course. He was a man of massive solidity 
 of character, and his religious convictions of great strength. He was not bril- 
 liant or profound, his reading was not extensive, nor did he sacrifice much to 
 the graces. Yet what he undertook he performed. His integrity, intellec- 
 tual and moral, was complete, and no one ever dreamed of questioning his 
 conscientiousness. His missionary ardor was increa.sed by the magnetic 
 presence and contagious enthusiasm of the genial and winning David Abeel. 
 
74 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 In Borneo his labor appeared fruitless, but in Amoy he was abundantly re- 
 warded. In his later years in China, he gave himself more especially to 
 the literary work of the mission, preparing for the press such works as 
 were deemed suitable. He was admirably fitted for this department by his 
 habits of accuracy, his candor, judgment, and freedom from caprice and 
 prejudice. He was a laborious man. There was no romance in his charac- 
 ter. A stern, determined worker, he sturdily pressed on. He met diflfl- 
 culties with a quiet heroism, but turned not aside. He never spared him- 
 self till friends compelled him. He met with many discouragements in the 
 deaths of his fellow-missionaries, Abeel, Pohlman, Thompson, in the loss 
 of two wives successively, and in asthmatic difficulties. At last he felt 
 compelled to leave China finally to die among his brethren, but four days 
 before reaching his native land he expired. His disability and subsequent 
 decease were due to overwork. 
 
 Drake, Francis T. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. Orange, 1841 ; Wurts- 
 boro, 1842-4, Canastota, 1845-53. 
 
 Dreyer, John H. b, 1768, New- York, Ger. 1812-14, went to Europe, w. c. 
 1814-24, name stricken from roll, d. 1840. 
 
 Drisius, Samuel, from Leyden ; Holland Ch. in London, 16.. -52, New- 
 Amsterdam, 1652-82, d. He preached also every two months to the 
 Waldenses on Staten Island. — Boc. Hist. iii. 69, Col. Hist. i. 496, iii. 646. 
 (In this latter ref. his death is erroneously stated to have been in 1672.) 
 He was an accomplished scholar and linguist. Domine Grasmeer had 
 returned to Holland with warm testimonials from the people of New-Am- 
 sterdam, asking for his appointment to minister to them, but it was refused. 
 The directors of the West-India Company then requested the appointment 
 of Drisius, which was granted. He had been pastor of the Dutch church 
 in London, and could preach in Dutch, French, or English. He sailed on 
 April 4th, 1652, and for twelve years was the colleague of the elder Mega- 
 polensis. On account of his knowledge of English, he was employed as 
 envoy to the Governor of Virginia, to negotiate a treaty for trading pur- 
 poses. He, like his colleague, was intolerant toward those differing from 
 him in religion. They even induced Governor Stuyvesant to issue a pro- 
 clamation breaking up the conventicles of others, as they styled them. 
 Fines and imprisonment were suffered by some, for violation of the order. 
 But complaints were made to the West-India Company, who administered 
 to all the parties a just rebuke. Drisius proposed to the Company the 
 establishment of a Latin school in New-Amsterdam, that the youth might 
 not be necessitated to go to Boston for a classical education. 
 
 Drury, John B. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Poughkeepsic, 1861 ; Miss, 
 to Davenport, Iowa, 1861-2, Ghent 1st, 1864— 
 
 [Dubbendorf, Samuel, c. to America as chaplain of Hessian troops about 
 1776, Germantown, 1777-80, Lykens Valley, 1780-90, CarHsle, 1790-5, 
 Lykens Valley, 1795- . .] 
 
THE MINISTRY. 76 
 
 [Du Bois, Ab. Grossen Schwanip, Pa. Ger. 1742.] 
 
 Dv Bois, Anson, R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Greene, 1850; Miss, to 
 Thousand Isles, 1850-4, Kingston 2d, 1854-9, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Mis- 
 sions, 1859-G2, Schenectady 2d, 1802— 
 
 Du Bois, Benj. b. on Staten Island, 1739, studied under J. II. Goetschius, 
 1. by the American CI. 1764; Freehold and Middlctown, 1764-1827, d. 
 lie was the son of Lewis Du Bois, of French extraction. He was a man 
 of great prudence and moderation, whose sentiments were not put forth in 
 an offensive manner. He was, however, firm and decided in his opinions, 
 and delivered a sermon on the subject of the Coetus and Confercntic diffi- 
 culties soon after his settlement, which was displeasing to Do. Erickzon, 
 who yet lived in the congregation and who now consorted Avith the latter 
 party. He married Femmetje Denise, a member of his congregation, and 
 had ten children, several of whom settled in Ohio. He lived in troublous 
 times. The subjects of independent jurisdiction and of language were both 
 under discussion in the early part of his ministry. It required no ordinary 
 share of meekness to maintain a proper spirit in such times. Yet he main- 
 tained his position among this people as their pastor during the space of 
 sixt3'-three years. During the Revolution, so ardent was he in the cause 
 of human liberty, that he frequently shouldered his gun and his knapsack 
 and went out in his turn on patrol — "like a pack-horse," as his enemies 
 said. He was perfectly fearless. At one time, when he was out in a skir- 
 mish, such was his eagerness to press on the enemy that he could not be 
 kept in line, and Colonel Holmes was obliged to make a different disposi- 
 tion of his troops and bring him further back, lest he should be singled 
 out and shot down by the enemy. He frequently preached to his people 
 on the subject of the war, exhorting them to do their duty faithfully to 
 their country, and invariably he made their struggle for liberty the subject 
 of his public prayers. His bodily infirmities toward the latter part of his 
 ministry greatly increased, so that he sometimes fainted in the pulpit, and 
 in 1817 the consistory gave him a colleague in Rev. S. A. Van Vranken. — 
 Jlist. Dis. hy MarccUus. 
 
 Du Bois, Geo. b. 1800, at New-Paltz, studied under Froeligh, 1819, 1. CI. 
 
 Paramus, 1819 ; Bloomingburgh and Mamakatmg, 1820-3, Franklin St. 
 
 New-York, 1824-37, Tarrytown, 1838-44, d. 
 
 He was remarkable for the amiability of his spirit and the propriety of 
 his conduct. The dew of heavenly grace rested on him in the morning of 
 his life. He ever commanded the increasing respect and attachment of the 
 charges to which he ministered by the uniformly edifying character of his 
 preaching, the consistency of his character, and the practical wisdom and 
 diligence displayed in prosecuting all the details of his ministerial and pasto- 
 ral works. When called, as a young man, to succeed the venerable Bork ia 
 New- York, whose preaching was distinguished by rich, evangelical sentiment 
 and holy unction, he sustained the position well, and won the strong confi- 
 
76 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 dence and cordial affection of the people. Symptoms of a pulmonary disease 
 led him to leave the city. In each of his charges his ministry was successful. 
 He was favored with several revivals. These excited his zeal, and, uncon- 
 scious of the pressure of these labors upon him, his constitution was break- 
 ing. When laid aside from his duties, he displayed the same beautiful 
 spirit in sickness as he had in health. His mind was uniformly calm and 
 placid, while his soul rested in quiet confidence on his Redeemer. His 
 character was one of beautiful symmetry. In his mental constitution there 
 was nothing brilliant or acute ; but with a well-balanced and sound mind, 
 and by uniform industry, his efforts were alwaj'^s highly respectable. His 
 preparation was always made with care, his sermons being well digested, 
 rich in evangelical matter, discriminating in the delineation of Christian 
 experience, and always edifying. He was modest and unobtrusive in man- 
 ner, cautious and discriminating in practical matters, ever following the 
 convictions of duty with calm decision. He commended himself to all by 
 his evident sincerity and singleness of purpose, and his blameless and use- 
 ful life. 
 
 Du Bois, Gideon, Aquackanonck, 1724-6. 
 
 Du Bois, Gualterus, b. at Streefkerk, Holland, 1666, University of Leyden, 
 
 IGOr, 1. 1697; New-York, 1699-1751, d. 
 
 He was called as the colleague of Selyns in his declining years. He was 
 the son of Rev. Peter Du Bois, a distinguished minister in Amsterdam, the 
 one hundredth in succession since the Reformation. The son was a man 
 of high character and greatly beloved. The records of his church, his cor- 
 respondence, and tradition all unite in representing him as a man of a 
 quiet and peaceful spirit. In seasons of difficulty arising from contentions, 
 such as existed on Long Island and elsewhere, he exerted an influence to 
 conciliate and heal. Respectable in his pulpit exercises, prudent, judicious, 
 and consistent in his practical course, and kind in his spirit, he won the 
 affection of the church and the respect of the community. He welcomed 
 Schlatter on his arrival, in 1746. He preached for the last time on Septem- 
 ber 25th, 1751. He designed to proceed to Bergen the next day (Monday) 
 and administer the Lord's Supper. But he was seized that Sabbath even- 
 ing with illness which in ten days terminated his life. He had passed his 
 eightieth year. The newspapers of the city noticed his death with high 
 praise of him. He left a large amount of mss., which testify to his indus- 
 try and devotedness. In these he expounds in order whole books of the 
 Bible. His wife, who accompanied him from Holland, was Helena Van 
 Boelen. Some of his children became connected with the leading families 
 of the day, and his descendants are numerous. He was a warm friend to 
 the original Coetus at its institution, in 1737, as well as ten yeai'S later, 
 when it was brought into practical operation ; but he died before the dis- 
 ruption of the Church into Coetus and Conferentie and the said contentions 
 which followed. Had his life been spared, he would doubtless have exert- 
 ed a most salutary influence. His correspondence (which remains in the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 77 
 
 archives of the Church) with the Classis of Amsterdam, denotes ability and 
 a spirit of moderation and kindness. Ilis handwriting is exceedingly neat 
 and distinct, and his autographic signature peculiarly fine and imposing. 
 In the consistory-room of the Collegiate Church there is a large and well- 
 executed portrait of him, which strikes the beholder as characteristic of 
 the qualities ascribed to him. The portraits of all his successors are also 
 there to be seen. While such were the traits of his character, he was so 
 universally honored that by virtue of accorded merit he was, says Smith 
 in his History of New- York, more like a bishop among the Dutch churches 
 than the pastor of a single organization. Barclay, in his correspondence 
 with the Church in England, throws out an unkind fling at him for resist- 
 ing their encroachments. — T. D. IF. 
 
 Du Bois, II.vsBHOUCK, N.B.S. 1859, Newark 4th, 1859-Gl, Bloomingburgh, 
 18G3-GG, Mott Haven, 186G— 
 
 Du Bois, John, U.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. AVashington, 1842; Man- 
 heim, 1843-5, Gansevoort, 1845-50, Cicero, 1850-4, Boght, 1854-9, Ma- 
 makating, 1859-GG, Middlcport, 18G6— 
 
 [Du Bois, Jonathan, 1. by Ger. Coetus, (?) 1750; N. and S. Hampton, 
 1751-72, d.] 
 
 Dumont, A. Henry, N.B.S. 182G, 1. CI. N.B. 1826; Miss, at Union and Sa- 
 lem, 1826, Greenbush and Blooming Grove, 182G-8, Pottsville, Pa. and 
 Miss, at Tuscarora and Fort Carbon, 1829-30, Gen. Agent of Miss. Soc. 
 1832-33, Congregationalist, Newport, R.I. 1833-.,, d. 18G5. 
 
 (Dunlap, John, Miss, to Sand Beach, 1828-29, d.) 
 
 DuNNEwoLD, John W. Clymer, 1853-60, Clymer and Mina Corners, 18G0-8, 
 Gibbsville, 18G8— 
 
 Dunning, E. 0. from Oneida Assoc. Canajoharie, 1842-4, w. c. 1844-9. 
 
 [Dupert, (or De Pert,) , Western North-Carolina, 1764.] 
 
 Du Puy, E. w. c. 1859-61. 
 
 Dl-k.^nd, Cvrus B. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Bergen, 1861 ; Preakness, 
 1862-68, Boonton, 1868— 
 
 Duryea, John H. R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Orange, 1837; Wawar- 
 sing, 1837-9, Totowa 2d, 1839— 
 
 Duryea, Jos. T. C.N.J. 1856, P.S. 1859; (Troy 2d, 1859-G2,) New-York, 
 1862-7, (Brooklyn, Presbyt.) 1867— 
 
 Duryee, Isaac G. b. in Schenectady, 1810, U.C. 1838, A.S. 1841, 1. South 
 Assoc. Litchfield, Ct. 1842; Fallsburgh, 1842-51, Gleuham, 1851-52, 
 Schenectady 2d, 1852-58, S.S. Port Jackson, 1859-62, Chaplain 31st 
 Reg. N.Y.V. at Hilton Head, S.C. 1862-66, d. 
 
 He overcame great obstacles in his youth, and secured for himself an 
 
^8 THE MINISTET. 
 
 education. He commenced with English grammar at the age of twenty- 
 two. He was preeminently a man of warm heart, and of great purity of 
 purpose. He was a great friend of the colored race, succeeding, by his 
 personal efforts during his college course, in securing for them the erection 
 of a comfortable chapel in Schenectady. He was an abolitionist, and not 
 afraid to speak when it was yet unpopular to advocate the rights of a com- 
 mon humanity for all. He pleaded most eloquently in the Synod of 1855, 
 against the admission of the North-Carolina Classis, (from the German 
 Church,) because the members of its churches were slaveholders. His la- 
 bors in the ministry were richly blessed. When the rebellion broke out, 
 he offered his services, but his devotion to duty proved too great for his phy- 
 sical constitution. While on a furlough, visiting his home, he died. Of 
 his spirited, sympathetic, and most Christian labors in the camp, in the 
 hospital, and among the wounded and dying, all who knew them, spoke in 
 high praise. 
 
 Duryee, John, b. 1760, (?) studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by Gen. 
 Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1784; Raritan, 1785-99, Bedminster 
 and Pottersdam, 1800-1, Fairfield, 1801-17, d. 1836. (?) 
 
 Duryee, Philip H. b. at New-Utrecht, 1774, C.C. 1795, studied theol. un- 
 der Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798; Miss, in the West, 1798-1802, Saratoga 
 and Easton, 1802-28, English Neighborhood, 1829-48, d. 1850. 
 In his first settlement he had taken great pleasure and labored diligently 
 in rearing new churches, while fostering the interests of his principal 
 charge. He was possessed of a kind spirit and gentleness of manner, and 
 sought and followed the things which make for peace. He was well adapt- 
 ed to labor at English Neighborhood after the troubles occasioned by the 
 secession there, gaining many friends. — See Taylor'' s Annals. 
 
 Duryee, Wm. R. R.C. 1856, N.B.S. 18G1, 1. CI. Bergen, 1861 ; East-Wil- 
 liamsburgh, 1863-64, La Fayette, 1864— 
 
 DusiNBEiiKE, Tnos. S. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Paramus, 1864; Pratts- 
 ville, 1866— 
 
 DuTCHEK, Jacob C. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846; Owasco, 
 1846-50, Bergen Neck, 1850-54, Bergen Point, 1854-57, Coxsackie 
 1st, 1857-58, Seventh Av. N.Y.C. 1858-59, Sixth Av. N.Y. Union Ch. 
 1859-63, Market St. N.Y. 1863-66, Bound Brook, 1869— 
 
 Dwight, Maurice W. b. at Kempville, Vt. 1796, C.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1821, 1. 
 CI. N.B. 1821 ; Waterford, 1822-26, also Miss, at Clifton Park, 1823, 
 New-Hackensack, 1826-33, Brooklyn, 1833-55, d. 1859. 
 
 Dyer, David, Fultonville, 1841-43. 
 
 Dyer, Francis, from Cong. Assoc. Maine, 1857, w. c. 1857-61. 
 
 Dyer, Samuel, Westerlo, 1856-62, Presbyt. 
 
THB MINISTRY. 79 
 
 Dyslin, John Ilcnr}', St. Johnsville, 1790-1815, d. 
 Eal, see Ehle, and Oehl. 
 
 Ebaugh, John S. w. c. 1838-44, Ger. Rcf. Ch. N.Y.C. 1844-51, Gcr. Rcf. 
 N.Y.C. 1855— (?) 
 
 Eckel, Ileniy, b. at Bridgeton, N.J. 1823, U. Pa. 1846, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1849; Sharon, 1849-50, Rosendale, 1850-53, Moresvillo, 
 
 1853-54, Kiskatom, 1854-55, d. 
 
 Naturally possessing remarkable industry and perseverance, he pursued 
 his preparatory studies in spite of obstacles such as would have turned 
 many aside from the work. Without the ability to acquire rapidly, he 
 made up this want by patient and continuous effort. 
 
 His preaching was marked by earnestness and directness. In the devo- 
 tional exercises he particularly excelled, showing that he had early caught 
 the spirit of prayer. From his boyhood, when he first began to take part 
 in public prayer, the fluency of expression was remarkable. At the same 
 time, it showed that he had been deeply taught by the Spirit of the Lord. 
 Guileless himself, he had slight suspicion of the evil designs of others. As 
 he endured the trials of his sacred work, his spirit was chastened more and 
 more thoroughly. His brief ministry with the kind-hearted people among 
 whom he died, showed more fully the deeply affectionate characteristics 
 which his family friends had always noted. When best fitted for useful- 
 ness, he was removed by the Chief Shepherd, because then he. was best fit- 
 ted for heaven. — P. Pz. 
 
 Eddy, Zach.\ry, lie. by Presbyt. of Penn.sylvania, 1835 ; (Miss, in Pa. and 
 Ohio, 1835-8, Springville, N.Y. 1838-43, Mineral Point, Wis. 1844-50, 
 Warsaw, N.Y. 1850-6, Birmingham, Ct. 1856-8, Northampton, Mass. 
 1858-67,) Brooklyn Heights, 1867— 
 
 Edgak, Cor. H. C.N.J. 1831, 1. Presb. Elizabeth ; Rector of Grammar 
 School, N.Y.U. 1838-45, (Bridge Hampton, L.I. Presb. 1845-53,) Easton, 
 Pa. 1853— 
 
 Edwards, Thomas, c. from Wales ; S.S. Mamakating. 1831-34, Coeymans, 
 1834. 
 
 Eells, Jas., from Presb. Ch. 1860; Brooklyn Heights, 1860-66, Presbyt. 
 
 Eggleston, Ambrose, Fallsburgh, 1836-87, Breakabin, 1843-45. 
 
 Ehle, John Jacob, (see Eal, and Oehl,) West-Camp, (1710-20?) Schoharie 
 and Valley of the Mohawk, 1720-1750, (?) Miss, to Mohawk Indians, 
 1750-80, d. See a letter of his in Doc. Hist. iv. 198. ;IIe also at times 
 supplied Kinderhook, 1720-7. 
 
 Elmendorf, Anthony, b. in Ulster Co., N.Y. 1813, R.C. 1836, N.B.S. 1839, 1. 
 CI. N.B. 1839 ; Hurley, 1840-43, Hyde Park,"l 843-48, East-Brooklyn, 
 (Bedford,) 1848-51, North-Brooklyn, 1851-66, d. 
 Possessed of quick intelligence, an ardent temperament, and a desire for 
 
80 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 excellence, he made rapid progress in his several branches of study while a 
 student. He was the principal instrument of organizing the North Church 
 of Brooklyn, in 1851. He met with many difficulties which called forth 
 qualities truly heroic. But he lived to see the entire success of the enter- 
 prise. Declining health at last compelled him reluctantly to resign. He 
 prepared his sermons with tlie greatest possible care, writing them out ac- 
 curately, and delivering them with unction. He studied to make his minis- 
 try profitable to the young. He accomplished a vast deal through sheer 
 force of will, aided by grace divine. He was never robust, for many years 
 half an invalid, with a delicate physical organization, keeping his mental 
 energies constantly overstrained ; yet he kept up, and worked on with 
 cheerful courage, as long as strength endured. 
 
 Elmendorf, Joachim, B.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1853 ; 
 Ithaca, 1853-55, Saugerties, 1855-62, Syracuse, 1802-05, Albany 2d, 
 1805— 
 
 Elmendorf, Peter, B.C. 1845, N.B.S. d. 1851. 
 
 Eltinge, Cor. C. b. near Kingston, 1793, (nephew of TVilhelmus Eltinge,) 
 Q.C. 1812, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1810 ; Pleasant Plains, Dutchess Co. 
 N.Y. 1810, Minisink and Mahackemack, 1817-37, Mahackemack, (Deer- 
 park,) 1837-43, d. 
 
 He was a remarkably vigorous man, which enabled him to endure great 
 fatigues. He was a man of blameless life, of a meek and sweet temper. He 
 possessed native strength of mind, and a large share of prudence and discre- 
 tion. He was plain and affable in his manners, regular and industrious in 
 his habits, firm in his maintenance of truth, but averse to sectarian strife. 
 In untiring pastoral diligence, and in zeal and fervor in the pulpit in urging 
 the claims of the Gospel, he had few equals. He preached in destitute lo- 
 calities for twenty miles around, as opportunity permitted. He had a clear 
 and analytical mind, and, in the discussion of exciting questions, he was 
 always moderate, calm, and firm. There was something very remarkable 
 — a peculiar unction — about his prayers, which made his hearers feel that 
 he was "of God's own hand anointed." — G. S. 
 
 Eltinge, C. Du Bois, (son of C. C. Eltinge,) B.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1848, 1. C!. 
 Orange, 1848 ; Miss, to Montgomery, 1848-1850, Fallsburgh, 1851-52, 
 Raritan, III. 1856-61, w. c. 
 
 Eltinge, Wilhemus, b. near Kingston, 1778, C.N.J. 1790, studied under Dirck 
 Romeyn, lie. 1798; Paramus and Saddle River, 1799-1811, Paramus, 
 1811-10, Paramus and Totowa 1st, 1810-33, Paramus, 1833-50, d. 1851. 
 Called at the early age of twenty-one to the ministry, he remained for 
 fifty-one years in a single charge, at times, however, adding to this a neigh- 
 boring congregation. He was a man of great firmness and decision. It was 
 difficult to change his opinion. He was a pointed preacher. He neither 
 courted the favor nor feared the frowns of men. During the first three 
 
THE MINISTRY. 81 
 
 years of his ministry, he was blessed with a great revival, about three hun- 
 dred being added to his churches, lie was prominent in the scenes of the 
 secession in Bergen Co., N. J., taking a firm stand against the seceders. 
 lie was a ready debater, and always active on the floor of Classis or Synod. 
 He was very punctual in his habits. He lived almost forty years on a farm 
 of his own, ten miles from his charge ; and he would start on Saturday 
 morning, lecture in some house in the evening, preach on Sabbath morn- 
 ing, and lecture again in the evening on the way home. lie often quoted 
 to young ministers, when urging them to diligence in the Master's work, 
 *^'' Junior es ad lal>ores ! Seniores ad Iwnores !" — J. M. 
 
 Enders, J. Henry, U.C. 1858, P.S. 1861, 1. Presbyt. of Albany, 1860 ; 
 Chaplain 153d Reg. N.Y.V. 1862-65, Lysander, 1866— 
 
 Ennis, Jacob, N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. Bergen, 1835 ; voyage to Java, June-Sept. 
 1836, Java, 1836-40, also preaching on Island Balee, 1838. In 1837, he 
 made an exploration into the interior of Sumatra, barely escaping with 
 his life. 
 
 Enyard, Wm. T., R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. Bergen, 1858; Mott Haven, 
 1858-65, Brooklyn, North, 1865— 
 
 Erickzon, Reinhardt, b. about 1700, c. to America, 1725 ; Hackensack, Pa- 
 ramus, and Schraalenburgh, 1725-8, Schenectady, 1728-36, Schoharie, 
 also 1730-1, supplied Claverack, 1731-2, Freehold and Middletown, 
 (Neversink,) 1736-64, d. 1771. 
 
 His name is apparently Swedish. He married Maria Provost, on May 
 22d, 1726, at Hackensack. In Schenectady he had many accessions to the 
 church. He was the first President of the Coetus, in 1747, and maintained 
 his relations with them almost down to his death. At least his name never 
 appears as an active partisan with the Conferentie. On p. cxviii. M. G. 
 Synod, he seems to have applied to them for redress, as his consistory at 
 Freehold had charged him with drunkenness, excluded him from the pul- 
 pit, and withheld his salary. Yet it seems to be implied that he only ap- 
 plied to them because his accusers belonged to the Coetus party, for they 
 surely would not heed the citations of the Conferentie. He was married a 
 second time while at Freehold, to Sarah L. Brower,,widow of Ruloff Brokaw. 
 He had sons, William, (born 1737,) and David, (born 1740,) baptized at 
 Freehold. After his exclusion from his pulpit, he continued to live in his 
 old congregation till about 1770. He then removed to New-Brunswick 
 with his wife, and lived with his daughter, Mrs. Van Norden. He died 
 soon after, and his widow returned to Middletown, her native place. He 
 was recommended to Monmouth by Domine Frelinghuysen. He figures 
 largely in all the affairs of his day. An excellent portrait of him is in pos- 
 session of Rev. G. C. Schanck. 
 
 Evans, Chas. A. Moresville and Roxbury, 1849-50, Moresville, 1850-3 
 Clove, 1853-6, South-Bend, 1856-7, Jefferson, 1857-8, w. c. 
 6 
 
82 THK MINISTRY. 
 
 Evans, E. Jamesville, N.Y. 1836. 
 
 Evans, "Wm. Miss, to Cobleskill, Breakabin, and Livingstonville, 1826-. ., 
 Owasco, 1839^6, w. c. 1846-8. 
 
 [Faber, J. Christopher, Baltimore, 1774:.] 
 
 [Faber, John Theobald, b. in the Palatinate, 1739, c. to America, 1766 ; 
 
 Old and New-Gosenhoppen and Great Swamp, Pa. 1766-79, Lancaster 
 
 and New-Providence, 1779-82, Indianfield, 1782-4, Gosenhoppen and 
 
 Great Swamp, 1786-8, d.] 
 
 He was greatly beloved in his churches. Lancaster called him thrice 
 before he went, and in a few years he was called back to his first charge. 
 Ilis congregation, for the father's sake, sent his son to Rev. Mr. Hendel to 
 be educated, bearing the whole expense. He is represented as the only 
 minister of that day in his denomination who held prayer-meeting, and 
 strictly enforced the discipline of the church. The fathers in Holland 
 write, " We are sorry to hear of the decease of Mr. Faber, and we condole 
 with the Coetus in the loss of that excellent man." His death w'as very 
 solemn and sudden. He gave out a funeral hymn on Sabbath morning, 
 the sentiment of which was that he might be taught to think that he must 
 die. He preached on the raising of Jairus' daughter, dwelling with pecu- 
 liar earnestness and emphasis on the consoling words, "She is not dead, 
 but sleepeth." Here signs of weakness were noticed, and he was caught 
 as he began to sink, and expired in forty-five minutes. In the same pulpit, 
 forty-five years later, his son died suddenly while preaching a funeral 
 sermon, 
 
 Fairchild, E. S. A.C. and C.N.J. 1856, A.S. 1859; (Morrisania, Cong. 
 1860-1, Oyster Bay, Presbyt. 1862-5,) Flushing, 1866— 
 
 Familton, Wm. 1835-6. Hamilton ? 
 
 Farmer, S. F. Franklin Col. 0. 1850, Cannonsburg Sem. Pa. 1854 ; 
 (United Presbyt. Williamsburgh, 1856-61, N.Y.-C. Presbyt. 28th St. 
 1861-8,) Brooklyn, East, 1868— 
 
 Fehrman, Jacob, N.B.S. 1862, 1. N. CI. L.L 1862 ; Richmond, S.L 1862-0, 
 Fordham, 1866— 
 
 Feltch, Jos. H. 1867— 
 
 Fenner, Jas. 1864-7 — 
 
 Ferris, Isaac, CO. 1816, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820; Miss, at Manheim, 
 Danube, Osquak, and Herkimer, Sept.-Dec. 1820, New-Brunswick, 1821- 
 4, Albany, 2d, 1824-36, Market St. N.Y.O. 1836-53, Chancellor of N.Y. 
 University, and Prof. Moral Phil, and Evid. Rev. Religion, 1852 — 
 
 Ferris, John Mason, (s. of Isaac Ferris,) N.Y.U. 1843, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 1849 ; Tarrytown, 1849-51, Tarrytown, 2d, 1851-4, Chicago, 2d, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 83 
 
 1854-0)2, Grand Rapids, 1SG2-5, also Prof, in Holland Academy, 1804-5, 
 Sec. Bd. Foreign Missions, 18G5 — 
 
 Field, Jac. T. Pompton Plains, 1813-15, Pompton, 1815-27, Totowa, 2d, 
 1828-32, Prcsbyt. d. 1800. 
 
 Finch, Horace AV. N.Y.U. 1846 ; Grcenport, 1857-00, w. c. 1800-4. 
 
 Fisher, Geo. H. CO. 1821, N.B.S. 1825, 1. CI. N.B. 1825 ; North-Branch, 
 1825-30, Fishkill, 1830-5, Hudson, 1830-41, also, S.S. at Mt. Pleasant, 
 1838-41, Broome St. N.Y. 1841-55, Utica, 1855-9, Ilackensack, 2d, 
 1804— 
 
 Fisher, Isaac M. C.C. 1817, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820 ; Bedminster, 
 1821-38, Newburgh, 1838-9, d. 
 
 Foering, Christian Frederick, b. 1730, studied under "Weyberg, 1. by CI. 
 
 Ne\y-York, 1770; [Germanto\vn, Pa. 1709-72, call dated Sept. 1771,] 
 
 Ger. Ref. N.Y.C. 1772-4, Hillsborough, (Millstone,) 1774-9, d. March 
 
 29th. 
 
 A native of Hanover, he was brought to America by his widowed mother 
 when only seven years of age. His .father having died in the military 
 service of that kingdom, his mother, to save him from the impressment 
 which she knew^ to be before him, tied him to her back, and, skating across 
 the Rhine, escaped. They secured a passage to New-York, and ultimately 
 took up their abode in Philadelphia or vicinity. The lad became a school- 
 master, and afterward studied the surveyor's art; but God called him to 
 the ministry. He married Miss Margaret Miller, daughter of Sebastian Mil- 
 ler, a merchant of ,Germantown, Pa., and numerous descendants live in 
 Philadelphia to this day. He preached in German, Dutch, or English. 
 His teacher represented him as a man who had spirit and life, and who 
 would take trouble to bring souls to the Lord Jesus. His congregation in 
 New-York was very loth to part with him. He was eminently devout. He 
 was also an ardent and active patriot in the American Revolution, and one 
 of the first trustees of Queen's College. He died of a cold, caught in escap- 
 ing from a party of British sent out to capture him because of his zeal in 
 behalf of liberty. — See Millstone Centennial, 1800, pp. 47-55. 
 
 Fonda, Jacob D., b. 1793, at Watcrvliet, U.C. 1815, N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 
 
 1819; Easton and Union Village, 1820-30, Union Village, 1830-5, 
 
 Caughnawaga, 1835-42, Linlithgo and Greenport, 1842-7, Schaghticoke, 
 
 1847-50, d. 
 
 For several years before his death he had been in a feeble state of health. 
 yet he died with his harness on. He had preached the day before to his 
 people, and on Monday, immediately after he had led in family prayers, he 
 expired. He was blessed with several interesting revivals of religion, in 
 which numbers united with the church. As a preacher, he was earnest, 
 and loved to present the doctrines of the cross. His aim was to glorify 
 
84 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 God, to edifj' the Church, and to save souls. He was a kind and attentive 
 pastor, having a word of encouragement or warning for all. 
 
 Fonda, Jesse, b. at Watervliet, 1786, U.C. 1806, 1. CI. Albany, 1808 ; 
 Nassau and Schodack, 1808-13, New-Brunswick, 1813-17, Montgomery, 
 
 1817-27, d. 
 
 His father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and both his parents 
 were exemplary members of the Church and careful in the religious train- 
 ing of their children. Finding that this son had a great fondness for learn- 
 ing, as well as a great facility for acquiring it, they gave him the best ad- 
 vantages which their circumstances would allow for literary culture. His 
 preparation for college was made while aiding his father on the farm, and 
 during his hterary course he sustained the character of a diligent student, 
 an apt scholar, and demeaned himself in such a manner as to gain the afiec- 
 tionate respect of his associates and the confidence of his instructors. He 
 was the subject of religious impressions from his early childhood, and was 
 ■accustomed to say that when a mere youth he was conscious of a desire to 
 become a minister of the Gospel, and that that desire gradually ripened 
 into a purpose which gave shape to all his plans in life. 
 
 Having finished his literary course, he pursued his theological studies 
 with neighboring ministers, and was licensed in connection with the Con- 
 gregational Church, but almost immediately came over into the denomina- 
 tion in which he had been trained. Immediately on entering on his pas- 
 toral work, he devoted himself with a zeal and diligence to the ministry 
 which o^ve premise of great success. He commenced at this period of life 
 a course of systematic study, which gave character to his pulpit exercises 
 throuo-h his whole ministry. In a very short time he was called to a more 
 conspicuous field of labor, and fully sustained himself in a church which 
 had enjoyed the services of some of our most distinguished ministers — such 
 as Dr. Hardenbergh, Dr. Condict, and his immediate predecessor. Dr. 
 Schureman. 
 
 Mr. Fonda's ministry occupied a period of only about eighteen years, and 
 he died at the age of forty-one. But short as his life was, he lived suffi- 
 ciently long to prove himself one of the most substantial and pious minis- 
 ters of our Church. Few excelled him as a preacher. He had a full, 
 sonorous voice, well modulated, and at once commanded the attention by 
 his agreeable and forcible manner of delivery. He prepared his sermons 
 with great care, writing them out in full and then preaching from memory. 
 He never paused for a word, but carried his hearers along in a train of 
 rapid argument and pungent appeal to the close of his discourse. His ser- 
 mons were systematic and doctrinal ; and while they exhibit great force in 
 "the argument, there is also a marked attention given to the application. It 
 is said that there was a singular unction in his closing appeals. The fruits 
 of his ministry were very decided. In the different congregations over 
 which he was stationed he enjoyed frequent outpourings of the Holy Spirit, 
 and he was encouraged greatly in his work by large accessions to the 
 dhurch. 
 
THE MIXISTKT. 85 
 
 Mr. Fonda held the position of a trustee in Queen's College, and by the 
 General Synod was elected their presiding officer. In addition to several 
 occasional pamphlets, he published a volume of considerable merit upon 
 the Sacraments. The work was designed to be a plain and practical exhi- 
 bition of the doctrine ; and while it displays a thorough knowledge of the 
 subject in hand, it is pervaded by a spirit of piety which so strikingly 
 characterized him as a minister of the Gospel. — li. If- ^• 
 Force, Jas. G. S.S. Walpeck, 1808-11, Walpeck and Hardwick, 1811-16, 
 
 Walpeck, 1816-26. 
 
 Forsyth, John. R.C. 1829, 1. 1832 ; from Assoc. Ref. Ch. 1859, w. c. 
 
 Fort, Ah. b. at Schaghticoke, 1790, U.C. 1810, studied under Froeligh, and 
 N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; Westerlo, 1822-30, Westerlo, Union, Sa- 
 lem, and Coeymans, 18S0-1, Salem and Union, 1831-6, Esopus, 1836 
 -53, w. c. 1853-00, d. Had charge also of Wiltwyck Chapel, 1854-00. 
 He was emphatically a man of peace, and his ministry was in remarkable 
 harmony with his character. He was a man of great simplicity, of unaffect- 
 ed piety, of patient fidelity and labor, and of unobtrusive zeal. Partly from 
 natural diffidence, and partly from settled principle, he avoided all the excit- 
 ing questions of the day, even those of a theological character, pursuing the 
 even tenor of his way with a firm conviction that the affairs of the world 
 and the church were in wise and proper hands. Wherever he ministered, 
 he left the memory of a walk and conversation singularly peaceful, modest, 
 and courteous. He was an Israelite, indeed, in whom there was no guile. 
 
 Fox, Valentine Radiger, Germantown, N.Y. 1802-. . 
 
 Fraeland, Michael, 1751. 
 
 [Frankenfeld, c, to America, 1752 ; Frederick, Md. 1753-6, d.J 
 
 Frazee, J. H. R.C. (1848,) N.B.S. (I860,) Miss, to Zion, Pisgah, and Good 
 Hope, Miss. 1860-1, (Toms River, N.J. Presbyt. 1801-0, also Chap. 3d 
 N.J. Cavalry, one year,) Bloomingburgh and S.S. Mamakating, ISOO — 
 
 Frazer, Thomas. Helderbergh, 1836-38, Sharon, 1838-40, Currytown, 1840 
 
 -43. 
 [Frederick, , from Switzerland. Lebanon Co. Pa. 1760. Returned to 
 
 Europe.] 
 
 Freeman, Bernardus, Schenectady, and Miss, among the Mohawks, 1700-5, 
 Bushwick, Flatbush, Flatlands, Brooklyn, New-Utrecht, and Jamaica, 
 also Gravesend, (?) 1705-41, Emeritus, d. 1743.— See Doc. Hist. iii. 89- 
 115, Col. His. KY. iv. 727, Prime's L.I. 326-7. 
 
 He acquired more skill in the language of the Mohawk Indians than anj' 
 Dutch minister that had been in the country, not even excepting Dellius. 
 He translated a great part of the English Liturgy into the Indian tongue, 
 in particular the morning and evening prayer, the litany, the creed of Atha- 
 nasius, beside several places of the Old and New Testaments. He represent- 
 
86 THE MIXISTRT. 
 
 ed that the litany mightily affected them, says Kev. Thos. Barclay, of the 
 English Church. He adds : " Pie is a gentleman of a good temper, and well 
 affected to our church ; and, if there were a bishop in this part of the world, 
 would be persuaded to take Episcopal ordination. I often entreat him to 
 go over to England ; but he is afraid of the danger of the voyage, and his 
 wife will not consent to live among the Indians. He has promised to give 
 me his manuscripts, and what he has done into the Indian tongue." After 
 moving to Long Island, he was in difficulty with Antonides, who was call- 
 ed from Holland by an opposition party in his congregation. Dissensions 
 arose and greatly disturbed the peace of the church for a dozen years, in 
 Avhich many sad acts of violence were committed. Freeman published, in 
 1721, a stout volume of sermons in Dutch, entitled. The Balances of Oocfs 
 Grace. Also Tlie Mirror of Self-Knoioledge^ a small volume of moral pre- 
 cepts, translated from the ancient philosophers. 
 
 Freeze, A. P. Germantown, N.Y. 1849-, . 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Ferdinandus, (s. of T. J. Frelinghuysen,) lie. 1753; called 
 to Kinderhook, but died on passage over, 1750. 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Henricus, (s. of J. T. Frelinghuysen,) studied under Dor- 
 stius and Goetschius; lie. by the American Classis, 1755; AVawarsing, 
 Rochester, and Marbletown, supplied, 1754-7, pastor, 1757, d. 
 He Avas called to take the place of his brother, who had died at sea. 
 The congregation of Marbletown and connected places had made several 
 ineffectual attempts to secure a pastor, having called Schuyler in 1738, and 
 Fryenmoet in 1740. In 1751, they called Jacobus Frelinghuysen, and went 
 to the expense of sending him to Holland for ordination. He embarked 
 with his brother Ferdinand, May 22d, 1751, and remained in the University 
 of Utrecht till 1753. In July of that year they set sail for America, but died 
 on ship. Their brother, Theodore, of Albany, communicated this fact to 
 the churches to which they had been called, in October of the same year. 
 In December they called Henricus, another brother, who had studied in 
 this country. But the difficulty of procuring ordination again presented 
 itself. The congregations were unwilling to subject themselves a second 
 time to the expense, delay, and danger of sending him to Holland. In a 
 protracted correspondence with the Classis of Amsterdam, they requested 
 that he might be ordained here. In 1755, he did obtain license to preach ; 
 but not till three years after could he obtain ordination. But he died only 
 two weeks after, of small-pox. 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Jacobus, C.N.J. 1750, (s. of T. J. Frelinghuysen,) studied 
 under Goetschius, lie. by CI. of Utrecht, in Holland, 1753 ; called to Wa- 
 warsing, Rochester, and Marbletown, but died on the passage over, 1753. 
 
 Frelinghuysen, John, b. 1727, at Three Mile Run, (s. of T. J. Frelinghuy- 
 sen,) 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1750; Raritan, Sourland, Six Mile Run, Ne-Sha- 
 nic, and North-Branch, 1750-4, d. 
 He entered on his duties, as the successor of his father, with high pros- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 87 
 
 pects before him. lie was distinguished for his pulpit eloquence. lie 
 found the troublesome Arondeus on his field, ministering to those disafTect- 
 cd to the evangelical views of his father. He was jo}'fully received b}"- the 
 people, and educated several young men for the ministry. But while on 
 his waj' to Coetus, in September, 1754, he was suddenly taken sick, and 
 died on Long Island. His congregations were disconsolate over his loss. 
 lie left one son, Frederick, the father of the late Hon. Theodore Freling- 
 huysen. He married, in Amsterdam, a lady by the name of Van Berg, the 
 daughter of a merchant there. She was a woman of remarkable character. 
 She subsequently married Rev. J. R. Ilardenbergh, (Hakdenbergii, J. R ) 
 
 Frehnghuyscn, Thcodorus, (s. of T. J. Frclinghuysen,) studied under J. II. 
 
 Goetschius, lie. in Holland, 1745; Albany, 1745-59, also supplied 
 
 Schaghticoke. 
 
 He is said to have been a man of more than ordinary excellence. His 
 temper was ardent, and his manners frank and popular. In the pulpit his 
 preaching was earnest and eloquent, while his pure life, when out of it, il- 
 lustrated and enforced his teachings. For fifteen years he labored, beloved 
 and respected by all. He took strong ground, though with little success, 
 against the spirit of gaiety and fashion which a regiment of royal troops 
 introduced into Albany. After having preached an unusually earnest ser- 
 mon against these follies, he found, one Monday morning, at his door a pair 
 of shoes, a staff, a silver coin, and a loaf of bread. He conceived this to be 
 an intimation to him to leave, which he determined to do, being a man of 
 peculiar sensitiveness. But a mission had been assigned to him, several 
 years before, by the Coetus, which he now resolved to attempt to carry 
 out. This was, to go to Holland and collect funds for the establishment of 
 an academy or seminary for the instruction of young men desirous of pi-e- 
 paring for the Gospel ministry. This was the radical step, showing the de- 
 termination of the Coetus to have institutions and a church judicatory of 
 their own, which brought matters to a crisis, causing the split in the Coetus 
 and the organization of the Conferentie. (See Mints. Conferentie, 1755.) 
 
 They were also induced to take this step on account of the success of 
 Schlatter's visit to the Classis of Amsterdam, in 1751-2, by whose appeals, 
 partly, more than £30,000 had been raised to support German ministers 
 and schools in Pennsylvania. (ScnLATTER.) Mr. F. sailed from New-York 
 on Oct. 10th, 1759, to engage in this eiFort to procure means to establish a 
 college. But he never returned, and there is a mystery concerning his fate. 
 The plans now begun were not consummated till sixteen years later, when 
 Queen's (now Rutgers) College was chartered. Mr. F. was the author of a 
 catechism in 1748, which was indorsed by Coetus. His memory was pre- 
 cious in Albany, meriting the tribute of " the apostolic and much-beloved 
 Frclinghuysen." (Theological Seminaries.) 
 
 Frclinghuysen, Theodorus Jacobus, b. 1691, in West-Friesland, lie. 1717; 
 (Embdcn, Holland, 1717-19,) Raritan, New-Brunswick, Six Mile Run, 
 Three Mile Run, North-Branch, 1720-47, d. Also Sourland, 1729-47. 
 
88 THE MINISTEY. 
 
 He was the first minister of the Reformed Church in Central New-Jersey. 
 Divine providence committed to this remarkable man the important work 
 of sowing the seed of truth and righteousness in a soil which has yielded, 
 under subsequent cultivation, the most abundant harvests. Such was the 
 influence that he exerted throughout the whole denomination, as well as in 
 the field of his special labors, that the church is called to cherish his me- 
 mory with warmest gratitude. 
 
 Very little information in reference to this pioneer of the Gospel ministry, 
 in this section of the church, has been transmitted to us. His parents were 
 of considerable reputation in their own country ; and, among his relatives, 
 an uncle, Henricus, is known to have been an able and successful minister. 
 Of his early life, and the circumstances of his conversion, nothing is known. 
 His theological education was thorough, having enjoyed the advantages of 
 a full course of study, at a time when the science of theology and true piety 
 in Holland were in a highly prosperous condition. That he was a man of 
 considerable literary culture, is evident from his call to assume the rector- 
 ship of an academy in the town of Embden, as well as from the proofs fur- 
 nished in his published discourses. He entered the ministry at the age of 
 twenty-six, and for about two years was the pastor of a church in his na- 
 tive country. The circumstance of his selection for the important mission 
 to this country was always regarded by him as a special call from God. 
 A pious elder entertained a young traveler on his way through the town to 
 Embden. During the evening he was so well pleased with the spirituality 
 of his conversation, and his eminent gifts, especially in prayer dui-ing family 
 worship, that he immediately informed his pastor, who had interested him- 
 self in procuring an evangelical missionary for the new settlements on the 
 Raritan, " I have found a man to go to America." Accordingly, after care- 
 ful deliberation, the call was accepted, and he emigrated to this country. 
 
 The field of his pastoral charge was very extensive, embracing all the 
 churches of our denomination in Somerset and Middlesex counties. When 
 he entered upon his labors, he found the morals of the people in a most 
 deplorable state. They had been entirely destitute of the stated ministry 
 of the Gospel since the first settlement of the country ; and although 
 church organizations existed, and houses of worship had been erected, yet, 
 as the natural result of the absence of pastoral supervision, there was a 
 great departure from serious and vital piety. The physical appearance of 
 the country very much resembled the morals of the people. It was wild 
 and uncultivated. Dense forests covered the land ; the streams were un- 
 bridged ; the settlements were widely scattered ; the roads were little more 
 than paths through the wilderness ; and it had all the appearance of a new- 
 country. 
 
 But he was a man equal to the times, and with great facility adapted him. 
 self to the circumstances in which he was placed. He had great energy of 
 character, was remarkable for his fearlessness and independence of spirit, 
 and would "sooner die a thousand deaths," as he expresses it, "than not 
 preach the truth." From the sermons which have been preserved, we 
 
THE MINISTRY. 89 
 
 gather that he was a warm, earnest minister, dwclHng principally upon the 
 doctrine of the new birth, and having a dreadful antipathy to all manner of 
 formalism. Indeed, his preaching was so direct and personal, and at the 
 same time of such an evangelical character, that the people almost immedi- 
 ately raised against him a violent opposition. lie was charged with preach- 
 ing doctrines contrary to the standards of the church, and introducing 
 customs which were subversive of her system of government. This contro- 
 versy was opened almost at the commencement of his ministry, and it was 
 carried on for several years with a spirit of bitter persecution. Indeed, in 
 some portions of the field, it seems to have disturbed the peace of the 
 church during his whole life. 
 
 Mr. Frelinghuysen met all this opposition in the spirit of a true Gospel 
 minister. That he was always discreet in his management of the opposi- 
 tion, and was never provoked to rashness, is not maintained by his warm- 
 est admirers. But his brethren in the ministry vindicated him against all 
 the aspersions of his enemies ; legal decisions were obtained in his favor, 
 and he himself was especially thankful that God "had raised up pious 
 brethren in Holland and East-Friesland to sustain him by their godly and 
 edifying epistles." 
 
 His ministry was eminently successful, as it was also exceedingly labo- 
 rious. His residence was near the city of New-Brunswick, then a small 
 hamlet, from whence he would go forth on preaching and catechising tours, 
 laboring with great diligence in the work of his Master. Throughout this 
 extensive field he enjoyed, as the fruit of his ministry, several extensive re- 
 vivals of religion, which were distinctly marked with the power of God's 
 grace, and stamp upon his ministry the character of eminent usefulness. 
 He is frequently found in distant congregations, assisting their pastors in 
 extraordinary labors, and he is uniformly represented to have been sound 
 in his doctrinal views, searching in his reproofs, fervent in his appeals, and 
 particularly distinguished for his success in winning souls to Christ. He 
 was for several years a co-laborer with Rev. Gilbert Tennent, in New-Bruns- 
 wick, who speaks of him in terms of high commendation. He enjoyed the 
 friendship of Rev. George Whitefield, who speaks, in his journal, of the 
 pleasure he experienced in the society of this godly man. And Rev. Jona- 
 than Edwards, whose experience in New-Englartd was very similar to his 
 own, commends him for his discriminating manner in setting forth divine 
 truth. 
 
 In order to meet the growing wants of his extensive charge, Mr. Freling- 
 huysen resorted to the expedient of appointing "helpers," after the manner 
 of the apostles. Men who were gifted in exhortation and prayer, and who 
 had commended themselves, by their godly lives, to the people, were select- 
 ed, under the sanction of the consistory, to hold neighborhood services, to 
 visit the sick, to direct the inquiring, and to be generally useful in the con- 
 gregation. The tradition is, that these men became extensively useful, and 
 while the measure was a novelty in the Dutch Church, yet it tended greatly 
 to the prosperity of the church. These extraordinary officers held their 
 
90 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 positions during life ; and one of the number, Hendrick Fisher, an elder in 
 the church of New-Brunswick, subsequently a distinguished revolutionary 
 patriot, became a lay preacher and catechist, and some of his published dis- 
 courses are still in existence. 
 
 Mr. Frelinghuysen was accustomed to receive into his family young men 
 of piety, and train them up for the Gospel ministry. How many availed 
 themselves of this advantage is not known; but among the number we find 
 the names of Rev. Samuel Verbryck, Rev. John H. Goetschius, and Rev. 
 Thomas Romeyn. He was an early advocate for the establishment of an 
 ecclesiastical judicatory in this country, with more enlarged powers than 
 had hitherto been granted by the church in Holland. As a member of the 
 first convention held in New- York, he was an eflScient supporter of that new 
 plan which was there originated, and which resulted in the independence 
 of our church in America. It is said that such was his zeal and foresight, 
 that the plan of a college and seminary was first suggested by him, to pro- 
 vide a well-educated ministry. 
 
 Concerning the events that transpired during the latter part of Mr. Fre- 
 linghuy sen's life, few records have been preserved. It is known that he 
 was frequently prostrated by sickness, the efiect, no doubt, of excessive la- 
 bor ; and that he enjoyed a large ingathering into the church — a most cheer- 
 ing evidence of divine favor, and a great encouragement to that noble minis- 
 ter, who had now triumphed over all opposition, and whose work was thus 
 crowned with God's approbation. 
 
 The date of his death is not known, although there is reason to believe 
 that the event occurred about the commencement of the year 1748, when 
 he had not yet reached his fifty-seventh year. Nor is the place of his 
 burial definitely ascertained. The tradition is, that his body rests in the 
 old yard of the Six Mile Run Church. The aged remember that their pa- 
 rents pointed to the spot as the resting-place of a "great man." Is it not 
 a striking fact that the distinguished minister who first broke ground for 
 the Gospel in Central New- Jersey lies in an unknown grave ? But if no 
 monument marks his grave, his memory is preserved among the greatest 
 lights of our Zion. The character of his mind is sufficiently indicated by 
 his published discourses ; his success, by the ingatherings which he enjoy- 
 ed, the foundations which he laid, and the seed which he planted ; and his 
 piety, by the savor which yet breathes from his memory. When such emi- 
 nent men as Gilbert Tennent, George Whitefield, and President Edwards, 
 speak of him as one of the great divines of the American Church, we freely 
 accord to him the distinguished position which he occupies. — E. E. S. 
 
 French, see Funck and Vonck. 
 
 [Frey, C. F. (converted Israelite,) Miss, at Yor"kville, 1827, became a 
 Baptist.] 
 
 Fbiedel, Henry A. (at first an independent Lutheran ;) 3d Ger. Ch. N.Y. 
 C. 1856— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 91 
 
 Fritts, Cn-vs. T7. R. C. 1SG2, N.B.S. 18G5, 1. CI. Hudson, 18G5 ; Blawcn- 
 burgh, 180 J — 
 
 Froeligh, Moses, (brother of Sol. Froeligh,) b. at Saugerties (?) 1T63, studied 
 theol. under Froeligh and Livingston, lie. by Synod of D. R. Chs. 1787; 
 Shawangunk and- Montgomery, 1788-1811, Montgomery, 1811-17, d. 
 He was a man of prepossessing appearance, and of a good mind. His 
 Voice was clear, his enunciation distinct, his gesture natural, and his deliv- 
 ery unembarrassed. He was familiar and agreeable with his friends, but 
 sometimes fearfully sarcastic to others. He had an exuberance of wit and 
 anecdote at command, by which he often and easily carried his point in 
 argument. "With advancing age he became more reverential, and manifest- 
 ed more religious sensibility. In all important matters he was exceedingly 
 conscientious, and where duty was involved he was absolutely immovable. 
 His wonderful exuberance of spirit, no doubt, somewhat lessened his use- 
 fulness. — Sprague's Annals. 
 
 Froeligh, Peter D. (s. of Sol. Froeligh,) b. 17. ., C. 0. 1799, studied under 
 
 his father, lie. CI. Paramus; 1801, Pittstown, Tioshock, and Sincock, 
 
 1802-7, New-Paltz and New-Hurley 1807-lG, Aquackanonck 1816-25, 
 
 seceded, suspended, {Aquacl-ajionch and English Neighborhood?) 1825-27. 
 
 He was an attractive preacher, his sermons always being interesting, and 
 
 delivered with great force and distinctness. But while sound, perspicuous, 
 
 and clear, they were lacking in spiritual point and pungency, and failed to 
 
 effect any reformation in morals or manners. He was a man of medium 
 
 height, pleasant countenance, and great suavity of manners. But becoming 
 
 suspected in a certain matter about a will, he terminated his own life. — 
 
 See SHWs Hist. Ch. Kew-Paltz. 
 
 Froeligh, Solomon, b. at Red Hook, 1750, (brother of Moses Froeligh,) 
 studied under D. Romeyn and J. H. Goetschius, lie. by Gen. Meeting of 
 ministers and elders, 1774; Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster Bay and Success, 
 1775-6, supplied Fishkill and Poughkeepsie, 1776-80, Hillsborough and 
 Ne-Shanic, 1780-6, Hackensack, (1st,) and Schraalenburgh, (1st,) 1786- 
 • 1822 ; also Lector in Theology, 1792-7, Prof of Theology, 1797-1822, 
 seceded ; 1823, suspended ; {HacTcensach and Schraalenlurgh, secession, 
 1822-7, d.) 
 
 He was early religiously impressed, under the ministry of Schunema, and 
 begged his father, who was a farmer, to give him an education. Through 
 his mother's influence, he finally prevailed. He married Rachel Vander- 
 beck in 1771. His patriotism in the Revolution was very ardent, and when 
 the British entered Long Island, he was compelled to flee from his congre- 
 tions, narrowly escaping. He went to Hackensack, and accompanied Dr. 
 Livingston on horseback, on the west side of the Hudson, to the north. A 
 brief autobiography may be found in Demarest's Lamentation over Froeligh, 
 with remarks ou men and measures. Settling at Hackensack in 1786, over 
 that portion of the congregations which had been especially of the Coctus 
 
92 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 or progressive party, he at first sought to unite tlie two antagonistic ele- 
 ments in that section. (Goetschius, Curtenius.) Warmoldus Kuypers, 
 the pastor of the other part, was a mild and peaceable man, though pastor 
 of those who -had opposed the independent organization of the American 
 Eeformed Church. (Kuypers, W.) 
 
 The old spirit still manifested itself in a refusal to attend, on the part of 
 this people, the meetings of the Classis of Hackensack, (1771-86,) and also 
 on account of personal animosities with members of Mr. Froeligh's congre- 
 gation. The two parties M'ere also divided by opposite sentiments, in the 
 Eevolutionary struggle, and in the early political controversies of the coun- 
 try. It was at such a period that Mr. Froeligh settled at Hackensack, 
 (1786.) Efforts were now made by Synod to reconcile the conflicting par- 
 ties, and Mr. Froeligh's people seem to have been favorable to it; but Mr. 
 Kuypers's people refused, unless the well-known charter was repealed. The 
 old charter seems at length to have been done away with by the new law 
 for incorporating religious societies of 1789, of which these congregations 
 availed themselves, and it was hoped that peace was now established. 
 From 1790-5, they actually came together, and built a church in common, 
 but the strife soon burst forth anew. 
 
 Some of the people, who had been in the heat of the old ecclesiastical 
 feuds, (1748-71,) looked upon Mr. Kuypers's people as schismatics, and 
 disapproved of the union effected. They disliked the efforts of Mr. Froe- 
 ligh in this direction, and labored with him until he yielded to the pressure, 
 and professed to feel that the union was undesirable, if not wicked. lie 
 applied Jer. 15 : 19-21, to the circumstances, considering his own people as 
 the precious, and Mr. Kuypers's as the vile, and thus preached upon it. 
 About the same time, the union church which bad been built was struck by 
 lightning, and the stone over the entrance, with the words, "Union makes 
 strength," was broken in two. This was looked upon as ominous, and all 
 the efforts of Synod, even, proved unavailing to keep the congregations 
 united. 
 
 Mr. Kuypers died about this time, (1795.) But whatever may have been 
 the position of Mr. Kuypers's people before, now the tables seem to have 
 turned, and Mr. Froeligh and his people to become the aggressors. It must 
 be remembered that there were two consistories, but only one corporation. 
 Now Mr. Froeligh's people, hoping to control every thing, after Mr. Kuypers's 
 death, attempted to prevent his consistory from sending delegates to Clas- 
 sis, and protesting against it when done, and appeals from classical decisions 
 were carried up to the Synods. And when Mr. Kuypers's consistory at- 
 tempted to call Rev. J. V. C. Romeyn, this they also attempted to defeat, 
 protesting against it, and carrying the matter by appeal to the Synods. 
 The two consistories (making one corporation) voted on strictly party 
 lines, while Mr. Froeligh, as the President, gave the casting-vote always 
 in favor of his own consistory. Synod sustained Mr. Kuypers's people in 
 all their acts, approving of the call on Mr. Romeyn. His consistory now 
 kindly invited Mr. Froeligh to officiate at his installation, but he refused. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 93 
 
 The old Classis of Ilackcnsack being divided in 1800, Synod declared 
 Mr. Frocligh's church to belong to the Classis of Paramus, and the other to 
 the Classis of Rcrgcn, hoping thus to prevent collision. Yet about this 
 time, a precious revival, which extended all over the country, also visited 
 this region, and Mr. Frocligh had more than two hundred added to his 
 church on profession in a single year, (1800.) 
 
 The building of new churches and parsonages by the opposing congrega- 
 tions, (which were one corporation,) furnished many new causes of conflict 
 and of sin. Members irregularly passing from one to the other, and Mr. 
 Froeligh baptizing children of disaftected members in Mr. Romeyn's con- 
 gregation, did not tend to harmonize matters. Technical questions also 
 arose, Mr. Froeligh' s consistory assuming the responsibility of the bap- 
 tisms, to free Mr. Froeligh from blame. Classes and Synods took opposite 
 views of the matter, till at length Mr. Froeligh, with four other ministers in 
 the north, (Brokaw, Palmer, Toll, WyckofF, II. V.,) who had been suspen- 
 ded for contumacy, combined in organizing what they styled "The True 
 Reformed Dutch Church." This secession took place in 1822. Thus that 
 portion of the congregations in Hackensack and Schraalenburgh which had 
 warmly favored the independent, American ecclesiastical organization — 
 which had belonged to the Coetus party, and which under Goetschius, 
 Drick Romeyn, and the early years of Froeligh, had denounced schism — 
 had now through their personal animosities effected a real schism, which 
 has been the bane of Bergen City, in all its original extent, for nearly half 
 a century. Likewise, many fair regions along the Mohawk, and farther 
 west, were desolated by the same wave. The attempt was made to vindi- 
 cate the secession on doctrinal grounds and looseness of discipline. It was 
 charged that the Church had become Hopkinsian (or too mildly Calvinistic) 
 in its theology, and many pamphlets were produced by the opposite sides 
 upon this question. The matter was brought by memorials of different 
 parties before the General Synod. Dr. Froeligh had been appointed 
 assistant Professor of Theology in 1792, and this now made him directly 
 responsible to the Synod for his conduct. He was accordingly suspended 
 in 1823 from his professorship and from the ministry for seceding, for 
 charging the constituted authorities of the Church with unsound doctrines 
 and with looseness of discipline, (especially while he had himself irregularly 
 administered baptism to the disaffected of another congregation,) for unit- 
 ing with deposed ministers in contempt of ecclesiastical authority, and for 
 promoting schisms and dissensions. It was afterward proved by letters of 
 Mr. Froeligh to different parties, and by the testimony of some of his 
 students, that he had contemplated secession, in imitation of the Scotch 
 for many years. 
 
 Mr. Froeligh was seventy-two years of age at his secession. He was not 
 a man of lofty genius or of intellectual greatness. lie followed the beaten 
 track of doctrinal exposition and experimental religion. He became with 
 years severely dogmatic. His studies were rather confined to the needful 
 and the useful. He was considered during many of his latter years by the 
 
94 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Church at large as a troubler in Israel. He expressed his doctrines in the 
 severest terms, preaching an unalterable reprobation. He was no doubt 
 led into the ecclesiastical difficulties, before he was aware, so far that he 
 felt he could not recede, and by thus acting he soon became guilty of many 
 inconsistencies. It must be remembered that he at first strove for union ; 
 and when he had failed in all his efforts and plans, the reaction carried him 
 far the other way. From his position, he found himself at the head of a 
 party, and circumstances led him on till the consummation which we have 
 seen. Much sin was on both sides, no doubt, but why should the children 
 perpetuate the old feuds ? — See Taylor's Annals of Classis of Bergen. 
 
 Fryenmoet, (Frymuth,) Johannes Casparus, b. in Switzerland, 1720, went 
 to Holland for ordination ; Minisink, Walpeck, Smithfield, and Mahakke- 
 mack, 1741-56, supplied Wawarsing, 1745-51, Kinderhook, Claverack, 
 and Livingston Manor, 1756-70, supplied also Red Hook, Kinderhook, 
 and Schodack, 1770-78, d. 
 
 He emigrated while a young man to America, and took up his residence 
 near what is now Port Jei'vis, N. Y. The associated churches on the Dela- 
 ware took a special interest in him, and sent him to Holland to complete 
 his education and to receive ordination. He was at first opposed to the 
 Coetus, and was installed by Promotor Mancius, as he was called, over the 
 churches on the Delaware. Mancius had previously founded these churches ; 
 afterward Coetus questioned the validity of his installation. His very 
 neat handwriting, his great regularity in keeping records, and the sweet 
 savor he left behind him of deep, evangelical piety continued in Port Jervis 
 (says Slauson) even down to this day. He was very popular as a preacher. 
 When he returned from Holland, so great was his popularity that quite a 
 strife occurred between certain churches which wished his services. The 
 churches of the Delaware and of Ulster County were the contestants. A 
 correspondence took place between them of a very spicy nature, and evin- 
 cing no little spirit of rivalry as to wealth and worldly standing. 
 
 He became in a few years a conservative member of the Coetus, but in- 
 dignantly withdrew when they proposed to organize a Classis. He had 
 ordained Arondeus over the Conferentie elements in Somerset County, N. J., 
 in 1747. In 1756, an Indian massacre compelled him to flee from his 
 home, and he went to Raritan, and the Conferentie party there sought most 
 strenuously to call him, but they were prevented by the friends of Coetus, 
 who already had determined to call Hardenbergh, who had married John 
 Frelinghuysen's widow. 
 
 The dispute rose so high that the Circle (or Classis) of New-Brunswick 
 was called in to settle it. He had great power in personal intercourse, 
 being remarkably social and genial, and was frequently placed on commis- 
 sions to deal with delicate cases. — See Slausoii's Hist. Ser. at Port Jervis^ 
 and Zdbrishie^s Claverack Centennial. 
 
 Fulton, Wm. Collegiate education in Europe, studied theology under Dr. 
 Ilelffenstein, 1. by Ger. Ref. CI. of Philadelphia, 1852 ; (Phoenixville, 
 
THE MINISTKY. 95 
 
 G. R. and S.S. at JcfFersonville, Presbyt. 1853-5,) Manayunk, 1855- 
 March, 1865, Chaplain of the Scott Legion Regiment and Miss, at Hilton 
 Head, S.C. March-No v. 18G5, Manayunk again, 1865-9. 
 
 Funck, Seymour P. (See French and Yonck,) C.C. 1817, N.B.S. 1821, 
 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; (Jamaica, Presbyt. 1823-5,) d. 1828. 
 
 Furbcck, George, b. at Guilderland, 1821, U.C. 1846, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. 
 
 Schenectady, 1851, d. 
 
 He had been called to the church at Mt. Pleasant, N. J., and while per- 
 forming some ministrations during an epidemic, before his settlement he 
 laid the foundations of the disease in his own system, and died three days 
 before the time fixed for his ordination. Possessed of a solid, discriminat- 
 ing, earnest mind, and studious habits, united with a cheerful and dignified 
 consistency of character and noble views of the ministerial work, he gave 
 promise of great usefulness. His preaching while in the Seminary was re- 
 markable for its unction. His death produced a great sensation. 
 
 Furbeck, Philip, U.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1859; Caugh- 
 nawaga, 1859-62, Westerlo, 1802-7, Buskirk's Bridge, 1867— 
 
 Ganse, Hervey D. C.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.Y. 1843; Freehold, 
 2d, 1843-56, West 23d St. N.Y.C. 1856— 
 
 Gardeneir, W. Kalamazoo, 1855, d. 
 
 Gardiner, Hugh B. Coeymans and New-Baltimore, 1856-60, Herkimer 
 1860-4. 
 
 Gardner, John, U.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.B. 1844; Harlingen, 
 1844— 
 
 Gardner, Theodore A. W.C. 1853, U.S. 1857, 1. by 4th Presbyt. N.Y. 
 
 ; Tiossiock, 1862-7, (S.S. Orient, Cong. 1867—) 
 
 Garretson, Garret L. b. near Somerville, 1808, R.C. 1829, N.B.S. 1832, 
 
 1. CI. N.B. 1832 ; Stuyvesant, 1832-5, Newtown and Jamaica, 1845-9, 
 
 Lodi, 1849-52, d. 1853. 
 
 He was fitted by nature and by grace to be a useful man, and he was 
 not slow at turning his talents to the best account. As a minister of the 
 Gospel, he was "diligent in business, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." 
 He was not a brilliant man in the pulpit, but he was something better — a 
 good doctrinal and practical preacher, whose performances were generally 
 elevated, without being great ; always uniform, never puerile ; always in- 
 structive, never sensational ; always^solid, never flowery ; always earnest, 
 never affected. 
 
 Characterized by piety, simplicity, good sense, lucid style, and well 
 delivered, they never failed to win the approval of intelligent hearers. He 
 aimed at expounding and enforcing the doctrines of the Gospel and urging 
 sinners to repentance. Justly estimating his responsibility, he ever sought 
 to inform the intellect and improve the heart, by showing that the strength 
 
96 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 of Christian character depended upon the combination of knowledge, faith, 
 prudence, and holiness, in the activity and well-directed influence of a good 
 man's life ; and he was himself a consistent exemplification of what he 
 
 preached. 
 
 As a pastor, he was faithful without being obtrusive, diligent without 
 being oflBcious, acceptable to and popular among his people, and therefore 
 successful in the business of his calling. Faults incident to frailties of 
 human nature in its best estate in a world of sin were, of course, his, and 
 no man better understood this than himself 
 
 Possessed of a social, kind nature, he was an agreeable companion, a 
 high-minded, honorable gentleman, a sympathizing friend, and every way 
 worthy of confidence and regard. A proof of this is found in the testimony 
 of them that knew him best, and in the sympathy and substantial acts of 
 kindness of the noble church of Newtown, grown strong under his minis- 
 try, in the dark days of trial which eclipsed his setting sun and finally 
 pressed him into the grave. The reputation of being wealthy worked his 
 ruin by the agency of servants in his own household, who sought to extort 
 money from him by false accusation. Crimes of which he was never guilty, 
 by a most mysterious combination of circumstances, cost him untold agony, 
 such as bleeding innocence alone can sufier. Through all these trials, this 
 writer, a brother minister, attended him step by step ; and knowing inti- 
 mately, speaks confidently, saying, that in this regard the character of 
 brother Garretson was as pure as the unfallen snow. Though in every 
 investigation he came ofi" conqueror, it was at greatest expense, and, saddest 
 of all, with the forfeiture of his precious life. He died of a broken heart. 
 But from beneath the surging billows of a cruel sorrow, dying with a heart- 
 rending appeal to his Saviour, we believe he rose to his embrace, where all 
 his sorrows have been forgotten and all his labors for Christ have been 
 compensated by the welcome of the Master, " Well done, good and faithful 
 servant ; enter into the joy of thy Lord." 
 
 We can not now understand these things. Payson and other good and 
 efificient ministers have been thus accused and proved innocent ; but woe 
 be to those who do such things or help such nefarious attempts to prosper 
 in that day when every one must give an account of himself to God. — 
 W. E. G. 
 Garretson, Gilbert S. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Cayuga, 1862; 
 
 Upper Walpeck, 1863— 
 Garretson, John, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. N.B. 1826 ; Miss, to Kinderhook Land- 
 ing (Stuyvesant) and Columbiaville, 1826-7, Middleburgh, 1827-33, 
 Schraalenburgh, 1833-6, Miss, at Brooklyn, organizing the Central Ch. 
 1836-7, Belleville, 1837-49, Cor. Sec. Bd. Education, 1849-59, Cana 
 stota, 1859-61, Owasco Outlet, 1861-4, Esopus, 1865-6, also S.S. at St. 
 Remy, Presbyt. 
 Garretson, John, R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. N.B. 1864; (supplying 
 Broadalbin, N.Y. Presbyt. 1865-8, pastor, 1868—) 
 
THE MIKISTRY. 97 
 
 Garvin, Isaac, 1832. 
 
 Gastom, John, R.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. N.B. 1852 ; Pompton, 1852 - 
 62, Saugerties, 1802— 
 
 Gates, Cor. From G. Rcf. Ch. Wynantskill, 1840-2, Caroline, 1842-50, 
 Manayunk, 1851-4, Port Jackson, 1850-7, Woolcott, 1857-9, Minisink, 
 1800-3, d. 
 
 Gebhard, John G, b. at "Waldorf, Ger. 1750, studied at Heidelberg and 
 Utrecht, 1. 1771 ; [AVhitpain and Worcester, Pa. 1771-4,] Ger. Rcf. 
 N.Y.C. 1774-6, Claverack, 1776-1820, d. ; also at Ghent every two 
 months, 1782-87, at Taghkanic quarterly, 1777-97, at Hillsdale every 
 seven weeks, 1793-1814, antl at Camp occasionally. 
 He was born at Waldorf, in Germany. When New-York was invaded 
 by the British, he removed to Kingston, and soon accepted a call to Cla- 
 verack. He was here the means of healing an unhappy division, bringing 
 ■with him sagacity, knowledge of human nature, prudence, and self-control. 
 He mastered the Low Dutch tongue so as to be able to preach in it in 
 three months. He also preached in all the surrounding neighborhood, 
 travelling sometimes even to Schoharie (sixty miles distant) to break to 
 them the word of life. In 1777, he founded the Washingtonian Institute 
 at Claverack, of which he was principal. He was always modest, digni- 
 fied, and courteous, and affable in his intercourse with others. He was a 
 man of peace. As a preacher, he had life and energy, and was frequently 
 pathetic ; his style of preaching was mostly didactic, addressed to the 
 understanding with a view to enlighten and convince. As a patriot of the 
 Revolution, he was active and consistent ; he used the weight of his official 
 character to maintain the righteousness of the cause and enlarge the spirit 
 of freedom. His last communion season, standing on the border of the 
 grave, is described as thrilling. — Harlaiigh, ii. 393, Claveraelc Centennial. 
 
 Gerhard, Ludwig, 1865. 
 
 Gesner, Oscar, R.C. 1802, N.B.S. 1805, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1805; Rocky Hill, 
 1805— 
 
 Geyer, Julius W. N.B.S. 1803, Ger. Evang. Mission, N.Y.C. 1803— 
 
 [Giesy, Henr}^, b. in Upper Saxony, 1757, studied at Marburg, c. to Ame- 
 rica, 1776, ordained, 1783. German Settlement, Short Hill, Goose 
 Creek, 1783-94, Berhn, Salisbury, and Bedford, Pa. 1794-7, Bedford and 
 Salisbury, 1797-1833, d. 1845.] 
 
 Gilbert, Archibald F. b. 1826 ? 1. by Franklin Assoc. Mass. 1861 ; Pratts- 
 vifie, 1861-6, d. 
 
 Gilmore, W. B. H.C. 1800, student of theology at Holland, 1809. 
 
 Ginnings, see Jennings. 
 
 [Gobrecht, John Christopher, b. 1733, near Gottingen, Ger., c. to America, 
 V 
 
98 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 1753, studied under Alsontz, ordained, 1706. Tolucken, Indianfield, and 
 Great Swamp, 176G-T0, Mode Creek, Cocalico, Zeltenreich, and Reicher's 
 Ch. 1770-9, Hanover, (or Couevvayo,) Abbotstown, and Bermudian, 
 1779-1806, d. 1815.] 
 
 He was a warm patriot in the Revolution, often exhorting and encourag- 
 ing the troops. Originally a weaver, he overcame the obstacles from the 
 want of an early education and gave evidence of much vigor of thought. 
 
 [Goetschy, John Henry, b. 16. ., ordained by the Presbyt. Synod of Phila- 
 delphia ; New-Gosenhoppen, Montgomery Co. Pa. 1730-9, d. His charge 
 also took in the whole region between Philadelphia and Harrisburgh, 
 embracing the Ger. Ref. congregations of Skippach, Old Gosenhoppen, 
 Swamp, Saucon, Egypt, Moselem, Oly, Berne, Tulpehocken.] 
 He was a native of the Canton of Zurich, in Switzerland. He came to 
 America as a candidate in 1728, (?) and in this capacity preached in the 
 German settlements in Philadelphia. He was ordained, for convenience 
 sake, by the Presbyterian Synod of Pennsylvania, on May 25th, 1737, the 
 Reformed ministers of the continent who were in America not yet being eccle- 
 siastically organized. He probably lived at Skippach. No record of his death 
 or burial remains. His ministry ceased in 1739, which is the probable date 
 of his death. His itinerant labors extended through all the settled valleys 
 between the Delaware and Susquehanna. His son, of the same name, 
 labored among the Hollanders in New-Jersey. 
 
 Goetschius, Johannes Henricus, (s. of J. H. Goetschy,) b. 1718, in Liguria? 
 Switzerland, studied in University of Zurich and under Dorstius, 1. by 
 Frelinghuysen and Dorstius, 1738 ; N. and S. Hampton, 1838 ?-40, Ja- 
 maica, Newtown, Success, and Oyster Bay, 1740-8, Hackensack and 
 Schraalenburgh, 1748-74, d. 
 
 Having applied to the Presbytery of Philadelphia for licensure in 1737, 
 and they for some reason not granting it, he was licensed and ordained by 
 his preceptor Dorstius, aided by J. T. Frelinghuysen, of Raritan. This 
 was just about the time of the first meeting of the Dutch Coetus. Many 
 souls needed instruction, and these excellent men felt that this must not 
 be withheld on account of ecclesiastical formalities. They lived far in ad- 
 vance of their times. But in a few years, when Mr. Goetschius removed to 
 Long Island, the validity of his ordination was questioned. He had been 
 installed there by ^Ir. Freeman, with the consent of Antonides, who was 
 already settled in the collegiate charges of Queens County. 
 
 The installation took place during the nine years' delay of the Classis of 
 Amsterdam in granting the request for a Coetus. But evil-affected persons 
 created difficulties respecting the validity of his ministry, and his colleague, 
 Antonides, now inconsistently took part •with them. For the sake of peace, 
 Mr. G. consented, in 1748, when the Coetus was formed by classical 
 authority, to take the place of a candidate, though he had been ten years 
 in the ministry, and to submit to a new examination and ordination ! How 
 does this show the peaceful character of the man ! During the contest 
 
THE MINISTRY. 99 
 
 much uiichrislian spirit had been exhibited. The church was sometimes 
 locked against him, when he preached in barns, or crowded houses, or 
 under trees, or on the door-steps of the church. On one occasion, when in 
 the church, the chorister, who sat below the pulpit and in those days gave 
 out the hymns, in order to prevent his preaching, gave out the whole of 
 the 119th Psalm, which would have taken all day to sing. But Mr. G. had 
 the courage to stop the proceedings. The neighboring ministers also, 
 (Boel, etc.,) who were opposed to his ordination, re-baptized the children 
 whom he had baptized. Yet God accepted his ministry, giving him while 
 on Long Island, and before his rcordination, as well as frequently after, 
 great revivals. His occasional services at New-Paltz were also greatly 
 blessed. 
 
 When he removed to Ilackensack, new difficulties awaited him. ITe-wa;* 
 called as the colleague of Mr. Curtenius. The latter, while favorable to- 
 the Coetus, seems to have been among the more conservative membei-s, and' 
 ultimately opposed the proposition for a Classis. The two colleagues there- 
 fore represented the conservative and progressive elements. Indeed, the- 
 anti-Coetus party on Long Island soon called Curtenius there after they 
 had driven Goetschius away. 
 
 Mr. Goetschius and his friends, embracing all the elders and deacons at, 
 Hackensack, procured a charter from the Governor to assess the expenses 
 of the church on the pews. Domine Cioetschius had not received his full 
 salary when he left Long Island. This, with the ecclesiastical questions 
 about ordination, fully split the church, and was the foundation of those 
 unhappy differences cherished by the parties which led, in connection with 
 other causes, seventy years later, to the secession. Mr. Goetschius was 
 blessed again in New-Jersey by a precious revival of religion. lie was a 
 learned, pious, and godly man, and a faithful and successful preacher oi 
 the Gospel. He instructed several young men for the ministry, such as 
 Dirck Romeyn, Thos. Romeyn, Sol. Froeligh, John Leydt, Verbryck, 
 Benj. Du Bois, the younger Frelinghuj^sens, and Martinus and Ilenricus-. 
 Schoonmaker. He was also one of the first trustees of Queens College. 
 His ministj-y was exactly contemporary with the great dispute concerning 
 HoUandish or American ordination. When he first settled on Long Island, 
 he gave great offence by preaching on the text, "The unknown God," 
 reflecting on the personal piety of many of the people. They in turn 
 started slanderous charges against him, which could not be sustained, and 
 then started those questions about the validity of his ordination. He was 
 a man of deep feeling and strong passions, it being said that once, whea 
 resistance was apprehended to his entering the church at Hackensack, ho 
 buckled on his sword, and thus accoutred entered the pulpit. It must be 
 remembered, however, that it was not unusual for even a n inister to wear 
 a sword, sometimes carrying it to church and laying it behind him in the. 
 pulpit during service. 
 
 He was below the middle size, of a vigorous constitution ; abrupt in 
 
100 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 speech, but his language was clear and expressive. He was a man of pro- 
 found erudition, a thorough Calvinist, and an accomplished theologian. 
 
 Goetschius, John Mauritius, (brother of J. II. Goetschius,) studied under 
 his brother, I. 1754, (see M. G. S. i. p. xcix.,) Schoharie, (Ger. and Dutch,) 
 1758-GO, Shawangunk and New-Paltz, 1760-71, d. 
 
 He came to America, in 1744, as a physician, but was persuaded by his 
 brother to jjrepare for the ministry. lie preached to both the Germans and 
 Dutch successively in Schoharie, and also practised medicine throughout 
 his ministry. His field of labor in his latter charge extended over thirty 
 miles. He was large and commanding in person, courteous and intelligent 
 in his intercourse with othei'S, and decided in his opinions. He possessed 
 various knowledge, but was of limited ability as a preacher. — SeeStitts 
 Hist. Gh. New-Paltz. 
 
 Goetschius, John Mauritius, studied under his brother, J. H. G. ? 1. 1775, 
 died soon ? 
 
 Goetschius, Stephen, (s. of J. H. Goetschius,) studied under his father, Liv- 
 ingston, Westerlo, and Verbryck, 1. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and 
 Elders, 1775 ; New-Paltz and New-Hurley, 1775-96, (not ordained till 
 June, 1777,) Marbletown and Shokan, 1796-1814, Saddle River and Pas- 
 cack, 1814-35, d. 1837. 
 
 He was instrumental in healing the breach at New-Paltz which the ques- 
 tions about American ordination had caused. His ministry during and 
 immediately after the Revolution did not show much spiritual fruit, owing 
 greatly to the spirit of the times. He was small of stature and somewhat 
 bent in form. He was sharp and fearless in his denunciation of sin. After 
 the war, he organized no less than nine churches in Ulster Count3\ 
 
 Possessed of a vigorous constitution, when over eighty years of age he 
 could yet ride on horseback between his two charges. He never became 
 well skilled in the English language. He loved to preach in Dutch. He 
 was a man of deep thought, holding strongly to the Calvinistic doctrines, 
 and dwelling much on experimental religion, election, particular atonement, 
 depravity, regeneration, and final perseverance. — J. M. 
 
 Goetschius, Stephen Z. b. 1795, at New-Paltz, (s. of Stephen Goetschius,) 
 studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1819 ; Miss, at Manheim, 1822, 
 seceded, 1823, Danube and Osquak, 1823-4, susi^eiuled. (Report Miss. Soc. 
 1828, p. 8.) Reentered R.D.C. ? about 1828 ? Canastota, S.S. 1836-7, 
 now in the West. 
 
 Gordon, William R. N.Y.U. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. N.Y. 1837; North- 
 Hempstead, Jan. 1838-4.3, Flushing, 1843^9, Houston St. N.Y.C. 1849 
 -58, Schraalenburgh, 1858 — 
 
 iGosman, John, b. 1784 in N.Y.C. C.C. 1801, studied under Mason and 
 Pi-oudfit, 1. Presbyt. of Washington, 1804; (supplied Lansingburgh and 
 .other chs. 1804-8,) Kingston and Hurley, 1808-11, Kingston, 1811-35, 
 
-r'>''>,-,^,tir.-^J" 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^;^^^^!^^e.^^ 
 
THE MINISTRY. 101 
 
 Philailelphia, 2(1, (8th St.) 1835-G, Westerlo, S.S. 183G-8, (Port Byron, 
 Presbyt. 1838-41,) supplied Coeymans and New-Baltimore, 1841-2, Hud- 
 son, 1842-53, Flatbush, Ulster Co. 1854-9, d. 18G5. 
 
 For the benefit of his health, the first four years of his ministry were 
 spent in itineratinc:. lie was among the most artless of men, and transpa- 
 rent in his beautiful simplicity of character. Having nothing to conceal, 
 and no by-ends of his own to serve, he was under no temptation to assume 
 disguises. To his generous, child-like nature, nothing was more alien or 
 distasteful than the schemes of a selfish ambition, or the manojuvres inci- 
 dent thereto. x\nd this guileless candor and disinterested openness of soul 
 was one reason of the strong hold which he acquired, and never lost, on the 
 love and confidence of his fellow-men. 
 
 He also possessed a most genial, social disposition. Fond of books, he 
 was not a recluse. Few men delighted more in the converse of friends, or 
 were more sought after, on all occasions of joy and of sorrow. In the house 
 of feasting, a fine, perennial vivacity, lighting up into a cheerful glow the 
 mingled dignity and cordial affability of his address, together with a wit 
 ever ready and pointed, but, at the same time, unfailing in its benignant 
 kindliness, made him, indeed, a welcome guest ; while his quick, gushing 
 sympathies, gentle bearing, tender tones, and deep, experimental acquaint- 
 ance with all the sources of consolation in the Gospel and at the mercy-seat, 
 made his presence even more a delight in the chambers of sickness and 
 death. 
 
 His labors also were abundant. Besides those connected with a large 
 and growing charge, he was at all times the generous helper of his brethren, 
 and was equally prompt in responding to the ever-recurring appeals for his 
 services, on occasions of special public interest, throughout the county. 
 He dedicated more than twenty churches. He held a species of voluntary 
 episcopate in Ulster County, such as none could well object to — an episco- 
 pate of brotherly kindness and helpfulness — one as freely accorded to his 
 personal qualities andprofessional distinction, as it was ever exercised by 
 him in the spirit of wisdom. In the treatment of his texts, he was alwaj's 
 full and instructive, abundant in illustration, and with language drawn from 
 the purest " wells of English undefiled." His delicate taste — correct, too, 
 as it was delicate — with his intimate knowledge of 'our standard authors, 
 gave to the language he used a charm of simplicity which, like the sparkle 
 of a gem, attracted the notice of the least cultivated, as well as of the edu- 
 cated portions of his hearers. A remarkably retentive memory, too, which 
 enabled him to summon, at his command, the choicest thoughts and phrases 
 of his favorite authors in both poetry and prose, gave often to his own fer- 
 vent discourse the power derived from association, and imparted to it a ray 
 of light to bring out in fuller measure its own inherent strength and beaut3\ 
 In aptness of quotation and of allusion to incidents bearing on his subject, 
 in either sacred or profane history, he had few equals. He was, therefore, 
 a popular preacher. Yet, from his modesty and unobtrusive habits, his 
 reputation as a pulpit orator was confined chiefly to his own denomination. 
 
102 TIIK MINISTEY. 
 
 He possessed peculiai* unction in prayer. Whether at the family altar 
 or in the pulpit, by his fervor and earnestness, in language glowing with 
 the poetry of the Psalmist, and bright with the beauty of holiness, ever 
 most appropriate to the occasion, he seemed almost at times to carry the 
 souls of his hearers with his own up to and through the very gates of heaven. 
 
 He was unusually successful in raising money for benevolent societies or 
 purposes. Principally instrumental in organizing the Ulster County Bible 
 Society, it became, through his efforts, one of the most flourishing and libe- 
 ral. For our seminary and college at New-Brunswick he has made his 
 tours among the churches, and brought in large and unexpected offerings. — 
 From Memorial. 
 
 Gramm, Gustavus E. Gym. of Halle, Prus. 1844, tutor, 1844-56, 1. CI. 
 Maryland, (G.R.) 1857; (Baltimore, 5th, G.R. 1856-9, Bethlehem's Ch. 
 of Philadelphia,1859-61,) Philadelphia, 4th, 1862-7, w. c. 
 
 Grant, Henry J. B.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI 1868. 
 
 Grasmeer, Wilhelmus, (son-in-law of J. Megapolensis,) Rensselaerwyck, 
 
 1651-2, returned to Holland. 
 
 In 1650, Megapolensis was the only minister from Holland in America, 
 and it was diflficult to obtain any more. In April, 1650, of his own accord, 
 apparently, Grasmeer sailed for America, he being, at the time, under censure 
 by the Classis of Alckmaer. His unauthorized departure was considered 
 disorderly, and the Consistory of New-Amsterdam M'as warned against him, 
 and forbidden to allow him to officiate. He soon proceeded to Rensselaer- 
 wycl\, where they had never yet had a minister, and was welcomed by the 
 people. Hereupon he was suspended from the ministry by the Classis of 
 Alckmaer. Yet he continued to preach with acceptance for some time, and 
 the people were glad of his services. In July, 1651, he accompanied Stuy- 
 vesant on his expedition to the South River, and in Feb. 1652, returned to 
 Holland, with warm testimonials from the people of both New-Amsterdam 
 and Rensselaerwyck, asking that he might be properly qualified to return. 
 This was refused. 
 
 Gray, Andrew, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of R.D. Chs. 1790; 
 Pouglikeepsie, 1790-3, Miss, to the Susquehanna Region, (Hanover,) 
 1793-.., Danville, Angelica, and Sharon, 1804-10, Miss, to Tuscarora, 
 1810-14. He was driven from his home by the British, in the vrar, and 
 his books and property destroyed; d. 1819. Mints. CI. N.B. ii. 33, 54, 
 72, 77, 104, etc. 
 
 Gra}^, John, b. at Aberdeen, Scotland, 1792, educated, and ordained in Scot- 
 land, about 1815, [Miss, in Russian Tartary, 1818-25, Dom. Miss, in Eng- 
 land, 1825-33,] c. to America, 1833; Fallsburgh, (Woodbourne,) 1833-5, 
 Schodack, 1835-46, Cohoes, 1847-8, Ghent 1st, 1848-55, Cicero, 1856-7, 
 d. 1865. 
 He was of the Scotch Covenanters, and was in early life bereft of a father's 
 
^3^^ 
 
THE AriNISTRY. 103 
 
 care. Though the youngest brother, he became the religious instructor of 
 the household, and led at the family altar. By his own industry, he sought 
 to buy a Bible, then a costly book. He afterward wrote Little Johnny and 
 Ills Bihic, a book which has been widely circulated. This Bible led him 
 to desire to preach the Gospel. The boy-preacher was ordained as a min- 
 ister. He oflered himself as a foreign missionary to the Presbyterian 
 Church. This was at the beginning of the present century, when foreign 
 missions were yet an experiment. The mighty march of evangelical hosts 
 for the conquest of the world had not then yet taken on its present majes- 
 tic and attractive character. With a wife of rare intellectual and religious 
 attainments, he went to TartarJ^ There he lost his wife in an epidemic, 
 and he was left, with four little children, a thousand miles beyond the con- 
 fines of civilization. lie had labored here seven years. lie now resolved 
 to return home. He carried his familj'- by carts, during a journey of six 
 weeks, till he reached public conveyances. (One of these is now John A. 
 Gray, the celebrated printer, of New-York.) After employ in the Home 
 Missionary Society for a while, he came to America. lie was a frequent 
 contributor to several religious periodicals, and wrote a number of tracts. 
 His whole aim seemed to be to set forth Christ. He read, studied, thought, 
 and reflected — but all that he might commend the excellency of the Gospel. 
 He was a very earnest expositor. He was a thorough analyzer, and con- 
 trived to make points, ilany of his expressions were of such a kind as to 
 infix themselves in the memory. Herein lay his strength. lie was neither 
 •an elocutionist nor a rhetorician, but his short, sharp, and decisive sen- 
 tences rung with the best Gospel sounds. Tender yet bold, self-forgetful 
 yet urgent, preaching was with him a right-down earnest tugging to get his 
 hearers up to the cross. His friendships were steady, and he literally luxu- 
 riated in them. 
 
 Gray, William, Tyre, 1839-46. 
 
 Gkegouy, Oscak H. Am. Col. 1828, N.B.S. 1831, 1. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Far- 
 merville, 1831-8, Gibbonsville, (West-Troy,) 1838— 
 
 Gregory, Thos. B. c. from England, 1833, 1. Presbyt. of Onondaga, 1833 ; 
 Canastota, S.S. 1834-5, Prattsville, 1836-40, Oyster Bay, 1841-4, Gra- 
 hamville, 1844^8, Miss, at Hoboken, 1850-4, Huguenots, S.I. 1855-CO, 
 w. c. 
 
 Gross, John Daniel, [Northampton, Allentown, Egypt, Jordan, and Schlos- 
 ser's Church, 176.-70, Saucon and Springfield, 1770-3,] Kingston, Ger. 
 1773-1783 (?), Ger. Ref. N.Y.C. 1783-1787 (?), Prof. Moral Philosophy in 
 Columbia College, 1787-95, (Canajoharie, 1795-. . ?) 
 
 He removed to New-York on account of want of love, stubborn conduct, 
 neglect to attend worship, and non-payment of salary, of his churches in 
 Pennsylvania. He was a man of considerable learning, and published a 
 work on Moral Philosophy. — Harlaurjli' is Lives. 
 
104: THE MINISTRY. 
 
 [Gueting, Geo. Adam, b. 17-41, Antietam, Md. 1772-1804, expelled from 
 Coetus. He had labored with the United Brethren before, and continued 
 with them afterward; d. 1812.] 
 
 [Guldin, , c. to America from Switzerland, 1761. Preached in Penn- 
 sylvania.] 
 
 Guldin, John C. (great-grandson of Guldin, ,) b. in Bucks Co. Pa. 
 
 1799, studied theology under Herman, lie. 1820 ; (?) (Chester and Mont- 
 gomery Cos. Pa. 1820^1, Franklin Co. Pa. 1841-2,) N.Y.C. Ger. Evang. 
 Miss. 1842-63, d. Also General Missionary to the Germans in N.Y.C. 
 1842-52. 
 
 He was the Apostle of the Germans, for many years. The master of 
 two languages, he was the chief link between the American and German 
 elements, in the American church. While ministering in the German 
 churches in Pennsylvania, he experienced a great change, acquiring new 
 views of true religion, or at least having a slumbering piety quickened. He 
 became, henceforth, indefatigable in his labors, and with tears implored 
 men to seek Christ. He had great revivals. He moulded the religious 
 character of his churches, especiall}'' in Pennsylvania, where the population 
 was not transient. Yet he met with bitter opposition. The church doors 
 were sometimes closed against him. Then he would preach the pure Gos- 
 pel of Christ from the stone steps ; with a joyous, childlike M'elcome, he 
 greeted old and young who expressed a hope in Christ. In dealing with 
 opponents to the Gospel, he was perfectly fearless ; when deciding on the 
 mode of preaching, whether to adopt the metaphysical style of answering 
 error, or of directly preaching Christ, he chose unhesitatingly the latter. 
 Hence his large success. 
 
 In New-York his labors were Herculean. Besides the charge of a con- 
 gregation, he was for ten years General Missionary to all the Germans, 
 superintended the issue of German publications in the Tract Society, and 
 was the general counsellor and patrisirch of all those of his own nationality 
 who came to our shores. He also was the principal agent in the prepara- 
 tion of the German Hymn Book, since adopted by the Presbyterians for 
 their German churches. 
 
 He was greatly grieved at the defection in the German church which 
 began to show itself about 1845. He labored diligently to show them 
 their departure from the Reformed faith. But his failures in this direction, 
 became a powerful reason for us to extend our organizations among the 
 Germans. Our common standards made us the natural friends of the Ger- 
 man immigrants. A new field was opened up to our Domestic Missionary 
 Board, and in which Brother Guldin became peculiarly useful and active ; 
 nothing in this direction was done without his counsel and advice. 
 
 He delighted to preach the Gospel ; his sermons were the outpourings of 
 a heart that had a rich experience of the Saviour's love. His language was 
 chaste, simple, artless, and earnest ; seeking not the garniture of rhetoric, 
 yet unsloven in style, he stood before his people a weeping prophet, feeling 
 
THE MINISTRY. 105 
 
 like Paul, " I travail in birth, till Christ be formed within you." His 
 prayers were all heart, which could not let the Master go. He was a friend 
 to every body. Even the children of his charge, when seeing him pass 
 along the street, would catch his hand, or pull his coat, to win one of his 
 smiles. lie was also the agent of bringing many young men into the min- 
 istry. — See Memorial Sermon hij I. F . 
 
 Gulick, Alex. From Prcsbyt. of Miami, 1847 ; Woodstock and S.S. West- 
 Ilurlcy, 1847-54, West-IIurley 1854-59. 
 
 Gulick, Albert V. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. Cl. N.B. 18G0 ; Jerusalem 
 and Union, 1860-4, Jerusalem, 1864-5, Spring Lake, 1865— 
 
 Gulick, Uriah D. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. Cl. N.B. 1862 ; Pekin, 1862— 
 
 Gunn, Alexander, b. 1785, C.C. 1805, studied under Dr. Kollock, of Prince- 
 ton, and Dr. Rodgcrs, of N.Y.C., lie. byPresbyt. N.Y. 1809; Blooming- 
 dale, 1809-29, d. 
 
 He was led to enter the Reformed Church, (though brought up in the 
 Presbyterian,) that he might be settled near his widowed mother, and 
 Bloomingdale remained his only charge, for the twenty-one years of his 
 ministry. He possessed an ease and dignity in his manners which in 
 England would have secured for them the appellation of Chesterfieldian. 
 He respected himself, and also respected the feelings and opinions of 
 others ; so that he secured universal esteem, and deservedly acquired, in 
 the best sense of the term, the character of a perfect gentleman. He was 
 also a man of great prudence, never saying or doing any thing rashly, nor 
 could his enemies construe any part of his conduct to his own moral injury, 
 or that of the cause of religion. He was also a successful peace-maker. 
 
 His talents as a writer and preacher were also of a very high order. He 
 possessed an original and lively imagination, which threw around the pro- 
 ductions of his well-furnished and highly cultivated mind a charm that 
 fixed the attention and commanded the respect and admiration of his 
 hearers and the readers of his works. He was among the best and most 
 popular preachers in New-York. He also held a powerful pen in the de- 
 partment of theological controvers3^ The facility, ability, and taste which 
 marked his writings secured for him an imperishable honor — that of being 
 selected by the General Synod as the individual best qualified to write the 
 biography of their distinguished professor, Livingston. He performed the 
 task to the entire satisfaction of the Synod. 
 
 His piety was unfeigned. From the time of his father's death, at the early 
 age of thirteen, he conducted family worship. His early impressions grew 
 stronger with increasing years. In his last sickness the Lord tested his 
 faith, so that he exclaimed to a friend, " The Lord is trying me in deep 
 waters," but he also granted him a joyous and glorious deliverance. His 
 last words were, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." 
 
 Hadson, Warnerus, ordained for New Aamstel, 1662, but died on the pas- 
 sage over, 1664. 
 
106 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Haeghoort, Gerardus, c. to America, (N.Y.) 1731 ; Freehold and Middle- 
 town, N.J, 1731-5, Second River, (Belleville,) 1735-76, d. 1783 ? 
 He was sent over by the Classis of Amsterdam, in answer to a call of the 
 Church of Freehold and Middletown, after the resignation of Do. Morgan. 
 He was a man of great respectability as a preacher, and enjoyed the confi- 
 dence and respect of his people. After serving in Monmouth City, for four 
 or five years, he was induced by the influence of Col. John Schuyler, to 
 remove to Belleville. His consistory expressed their heartfelt sorrow, on 
 their minutes, that they were so soon deprived of his faithful services, and 
 their wishes that God would bless his labors among the people at Second 
 River, no less than he had blessed them here, and that he might there find 
 himself no less beloved, to the honor of God's great name, and to Ms oion 
 satisfaction. 
 
 Hence it is thought that he was perhaps ambitious in so soon leaving for 
 a more eligible field. But the circumstances of the Church of Belleville were 
 peculiar. For valuable gifts, and assistance to the church, the consistory 
 had bound themselves on certain conditions to allow John Schuyler to 
 have a vote with the consistor}^, in calling any minister, and also to sign 
 the call. Thus a right of patronage vested in the Schuyler family. But, 
 about 1753, Mr. H. made a remark which greatly offended Mr. Schuyler. 
 He now attempted to convoke the congregation without the consent of con- 
 sistory. This offended the consistory, Mr. S. became an Episcopalian, and 
 went to the expense of having the Common Book of Prayer, rendered into 
 Dutch, and had an Episcopalian minister come and preach in the church. 
 The consistory at length refused this privilege, but after a while in someway 
 the church was for a time closed against Mr. Haeghoort, who preached on the 
 steps. His salary was also for a while withheld. At first his ministry was 
 blessed with converts, but during the troubles very few were added to the 
 church. He was a conservative member of Coetus, and was appointed to 
 draw up the system of rules for the government of that body. In 1751, he 
 protested against Coetus, because it gave redress to a church and not to a 
 minister ; because it had an extraordinary clerk, and because it had never 
 been fully indorsed by Classis ! Some personal pique is evident. He 
 joine€ the Conferentie when they organized, but not liking some of their 
 proceedings, in 1760 he unceremoniously left them. He never signed the 
 articles of union, and though he ministered at Belleville till 1776, he seems 
 to have held himself aloof from all ecclesiastical bodies. — See Taylorh 
 Annals of Classis of Bergen. 
 
 Haeselbarth, Wm. G. I. CI. Paramus, 1856, w. c. — 
 
 Hagamen, a. J. R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Raritan 1863 ; Hagerman's 
 
 Mills, 1863— 
 
 Hagamen, Chas. S. R.C. 1837, P.S. 1842, 1. CI. N.B. 1842 ; Nyack, 1843-52, 
 Poughkeepsie 2d, 1852— 
 
 Hagar, Hendrick, East and West Camp, and Schoharie, 1711-17. . 
 
THE MINISTRY. lOlT 
 
 [Tlager, John Frederick, officiated at the marriage of Rev. Conrad Weiser, 
 in Schoharie, Nov 22, \*120.]—IIarl(ntg1Cs Lives, ii. 373. 
 
 Ilaliday, Thos. U.C. 1822, studied under Livingston, 1. 1806, Presbyt. 
 
 Hall, Baynard R. b. in Philadelphia, 1798, U.C. 1820, P.S. 1823; Bloom- 
 
 ington, lud. and Prof, in University of Indiana, 1823-.., Bedford, Pa. 
 
 . . . .Teacher successively in Trenton, Poughkecpsie, Newburgh, Brooklyn, 
 
 18. .-Ifi, enters R.D.C. w. c. d. 18G3. 
 
 His father was a surgeon, and connected with Gen. "Washington's staff. 
 He was left an orphan at the early age of three or four. His father left him 
 a large fortune, but, through some mismanagement, he never came into 
 the possession of any of it. Large tracts in Pensylvania and South-Carolina 
 are yet known as the "Hall claim." 
 
 The celebrated Dr. Rush of Philadelphia, was his guardian, and did his 
 utmost for his youthful charge. Great attention was paid to his early edu- 
 cation, in the hope of his making an eminent lawyer ; but with his conver- 
 sion his heart was turned to the ministry. He frequently held high and 
 important positions as teacher. During his latter years, with much of the 
 spirit of his Master, he had been preaching the Gospel to the poor, in 
 Brooklyn. These shed tears of sorrow over his lifeless remains. 
 
 Dr. Hall had ability, as an author and a scholar, of the first rank. One 
 of the professors of Princeton remarked at his graduation, "Young Hall in 
 ten or twelve years is likely to be at the head of one of the first institutions 
 of learning in our country." He'has written several works which have 
 marked him as a correct scholar, a master of "all styles," and a vigorous 
 thinker. His talents received some of the most flattering commendations. 
 His Latin Grammar, published when thirty years of age, ranked him among 
 the first classical scholars. The New Purchase; or, Seven Years in the 
 West, was very popular when published, and the author was said to be, in 
 a British review, " a master of all styles." Several later works from his 
 pen are_^ characterized by a liice scholarly merit. 
 
 He was distinguished not only for high intellectual culture and refinement) 
 but by delightful conversational powers, to which an incessant current of 
 humor lent animation and brilliancy, and to which the cordial kindness of 
 his nature gave geniality. His life, influenced by the strongest religious 
 convictions as well as by inherent charity, was spent in labors of benefi- 
 cence, which were only interrupted by a final illness. — J. L. F. 
 
 Hall, David B. U.C 1839, P.S. 1842, 1. Pawlett Assoc. Vt., 1841 ; (Middle 
 Granville, 1842-5,) Columbia, S.S. 1845-50, Cleveland, 1850-3, New- 
 Rhinebeck, S.S. and Cobleskill, 1853-5, Princetown, 1855-63, Prince- 
 town, again, 1865 — 
 
 Hall John G. Fort Plain, 1858-63. 
 
 Hallow AY, William W. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. Ci. Philadelphia, 1842 ; 
 Amity, 1843-49, Albany 8d, 1849-53, Miss. North-Brooklyn, 1853-55, 
 
108 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 now Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 1855-59, Flushing, 1859-65, Broadway Ch. 
 Paterson, 1865— 
 
 Halloway, William W., Jr. E.G. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. N. CI. L.I. 1867 ; 
 Belleville, 1867— 
 
 Halsey, Abram 0., b. 1798, N. and S. Hampton, 1829-67, d. 
 
 He was a man of childlike spirit, esteeming others better than himself. 
 He was diffident about preaching before other ministers, yet he had ex- 
 cellent gifts. He was unsuspicious. While mighty to wield the weapons 
 of war against Christ's enemies, it was a fault that he knew not how to 
 defend himself. He was also a man of catholic spirit. He had no war with 
 other sects. With well-settled views of his own, he cared not to dispute. 
 His charitableness was unbounded. He was the highest style of an old 
 school Christian gentleman. His sympathies were also remarkable. He 
 had a way of talking to the afflicted, of addressing a little child, of listening 
 to a story of distress, that few equal, and his prayers were possessed of 
 peculiar unction. He was eminent as a preacher. New-York and Phila- 
 delphia sought his services when in middle life, but he remained in his first 
 charge. He had great vigor of health, was an athletic man, and a severe 
 student. When in middle life, with full voice, and large presence, and 
 gleaming eye, and great thoughts, as he stood in his pulpit, he was over- 
 whelming, sometimes melting his congregation with the pity and tenderness 
 of the cross, and then coming down like an avalanche of rock upon the 
 fortresses of darkness. The Bible was his great study, and to illustrate 
 and corroborate its truths, he delved into all modern science, ransacking and 
 rifling the astronomical, geological, botanic, and mineralogical worlds. He 
 had great originality of intellect, and spoke literally extempore. He some- 
 times talked in parables and allegories. There was no hollow cant, no 
 whining sentimentality about him, but a manly carriage of Christian 
 behavior that showed the world he loved Christ. 
 
 Hamilton, Wm. From Presbyt. of Belfast, Ireland, 1857 ; New-Prospect, 
 1857-63. 
 
 Hammond, Eben S. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. L.L 1842; Stone- 
 House Plains, 1842-4, Gallupville, 1844-52, Prattsville, 1852-4, S.S. 
 Canajoharie, 1854-6, Columbia, 185G-8, seceded^ {Schraaleiiburgh seces- 
 , sion, 1858-60, suspended,] returned; Miss, to Closter Citj^, 1862-4, 
 w. c. — 
 
 Hammond, Israel, N.B.S. 1831 ; Owasco, 1831-9, Mt. Morris, 1842-5, Gor- 
 ham, 1847-50, emeritus, 1856 — 
 
 Hammond, John W. N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Ulster, 1848 ; Shokan, 1848-9, 
 Grahamville, 1849-52, Shokan, 1852-6, JVIohawk, 1856-9, Queens, 1859- 
 63, Grahamville and S.S. Upper Neversink, 1863-7, Shokan and Shanda- 
 ken, 1867— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 109 
 
 Ilangen, Jacob W. b. 1805; Columbia and Warren, 1830-2, Mapletown 
 and Ciirrytown, 1832-6, Mt. Pleasant, 183G-8, Upper Red Hook, 1838- 
 40, d. 1843. 
 
 IIansex, Mai'kice G. R.C. 185G, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. New-York, 1859; 
 Gravesend, 1859 — 
 
 Hardenbergh, Chs. b. , studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1802 ; 
 
 Warwick, 1804-8, Bcdminster, 1808-20, Greenwich, N.Y.C. 1820-1, d. 
 
 Hardenbergh, Jacob Rutsen, b. at Rosendale, N.Y. 1738, studied under 
 J John Frelinghuysen, 1. by the American Classis, 1758 ; Raritan, Bed- 
 
 minster, North-Branch, (now Rcadington,) Ne-Shanic, and Millstone, 
 (now Harlingen,) 1758-Gl, visited Holland, 1701-3, Raritan, Bedniinster, 
 and North-Branch, 1703-81, ^larblotown, Rochester, and Wawarsing, 
 1781-6, New-Brunswick and also Pres. of Queens College, 1786-90, d. 
 He was the son of Colonel Johannes Hardenbergh, an oflScer in the British 
 army, who emigrated to this country from Holland in the latter part of the 
 seventeenth century. The family held an influential position in the colony 
 from the earliest period. His literary education was not so extensive as 
 might be desired, enjoying only the advantages of the Academy of King- 
 ston, N. Y. No facts have been preserved in regard to the time or circum 
 stances of his conversion ; but that he must have devoted himself to the 
 work of the Gospel ministry in very early life, is evident from the fact that 
 he was actually licensed to preach when only twenty years of age. While 
 pursuing his theological studies at Raritan, his preceptor. Rev. John Fre- 
 linghuysen, dj'ing suddenly, he was chosen his successor, and immediately 
 entered upon his labors in a very wide and important field. From his 
 first appearance in the pulpit, no doubt was entertained that he was 
 destined to be one of the distinguished lights of his profession, an expecta- 
 tion which was abundantly realized. 
 
 His ministry while connected •with his first pastoral charge, reaching 
 through a period of twenty-three years, was a remarkable illustration of 
 his ability, energy, and conscientious devotion to his peculiar work. He 
 was not gifted with a strong physical constitution, but was sustained by 
 great firmness of purpose and a spirit of entire consecration to his Master. 
 He was not, indeed, blessed with any marked outpouring of the Spirit upon 
 his congregations, and there were no times of large ingatherings. But this, 
 no doubt, is accounted for by the diflBcultics he encountered and the adverse 
 circumstances of the times. His ministry occupied the important period of 
 the distracting controversy between the Coetus and Conferentie parties, and 
 in his own field of labor the dispute was carried on with unusual violence. 
 At one time the contest became so absorbing that the regular ministrations 
 of the Gospel were sadly interrupted. Mr. Hardenbergh warmly espoused 
 the cause of the evangelical party, and in connection with the prominent 
 ministers of the denomination exerted a powerful influence in accomplish- 
 ing the independent organization of the Hutch Church. During the pro- 
 
110 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 gress of this controversy he made a voyage to Europe, for the purpose of 
 bringing over to this country his widowed mother-in-law, and he was the 
 first minister ordained in America who had visited Holland. It is gene- 
 rally understood that while abroad he exerted a very beneficial influence 
 on behalf of his cause, and deserves much of the credit of the final adjust- 
 ment of all diflQculties. 
 
 In addition to this violent ecclesiastical contest, Mr. Hardenbergh's min- 
 istry at Raritan was cast during the stormy period of the Revolutionary 
 War. The section of country occupied by his congregations had its full 
 share of sufferings. At an early period of the conflict, his fellow-citizens 
 called him to a seat in the convention that formed the Constitution of New- 
 Jersey, and for several sessions he was a member of the General Assembly 
 of the State. As to his political knowledge and patriotism, his associates 
 in office testified their confidence by appointing him chairman of important 
 committees, and intrusting to him much of the business of legislation. 
 From the whole of his record during the contest with Great Britain and 
 after the restoration of peace, we must rank him among the warmest friends 
 of liberty. 
 
 His public zeal on behalf of his country often provoked the enmity of his 
 Tory neighbors, and his life was frequently endangered. He often slept 
 M'ith a loaded musket by the side of his bed. On one occasion, an expedi- 
 tion of the Queen's Rangers, under command of Colonel Simcoe, besides 
 accomplishing their immediate object, fired the church edifice of Mr. 
 Hardenbergh, and burnt it to the ground. The loss was severely felt by 
 the congregation, and was not rebuilt until some time after the war had 
 closed. It was not to be expected that a ministry occupying a period of 
 so great conflict would be equally successful as if the region had been in a 
 state of peace. But the services he rendered his country were not per- 
 mitted to interfere with his duties to the Church. He was not only a 
 patriot but a Christian minister, and in this most important sphere he 
 studied to make every other consideration subserve. 
 
 The trustees of Princeton College conferred upon him the degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity at the age of thirty-three. He took a leading part in 
 the establishment of Queens College, and was unanimously'' appointed the 
 first President of that institution. This position he was induced to accept 
 in connection with the pastorate of the church in the city of New-Bruns- 
 wick. Although he had labored with great industry during the early part 
 of his ministry, yet the amount of work that he now discharged was much 
 greater than at any preceding period. Besides acting as teacher in the 
 several branches of study pursued in the college, as a minister and pastor 
 he was not excelled. His friends were often apprehensive that he was 
 tasking himself beyond his powers of endurance, and ventured to expostu- 
 late with him on the subject ; but, realizing the importance of his efibrts, 
 he could not be persuaded to abandon the work of the ministry nor leave 
 his post as President of the College. He gave early indications of pulmo- 
 
THE MINISTRY. Ill 
 
 nary disease, and finally fell a victim to this affection, November 2d, 1790.* 
 The closing scene was a triumph of grace. His last words were, " I am 
 going to cast my crown before the throne. Now I shall go to rest, for I 
 shall go to be with the Lord. Ilosanna !" 
 
 Dr. Ilardcnbergh was naturally a man of strong mind and of extensive 
 attainments, and in his day was justly regarded as one of the pillars of the 
 Reformed Dutch Church. On four different occasions he was chosen 
 President of General Synod, and he was long regarded as second only to 
 Dr. Livingston, with whom he constantly cooperated in all public move- 
 ments. His call to the Presidency of tlic College shows the estimation in 
 which he was held as a scholar and disciplinarian, as well as a divine. lie 
 labored under the disadvantages of a small endowment, few assistants in 
 giving instruction, and the want of proper facilities in the way of library, 
 buildings, and apparatus. His analysis of sermons speaks for both the 
 vigor of his intellect and the thoroughness of his theological education. 
 
 His pastorate at New-Brunswick was eminently successful, lie believed 
 the doctrines of grace, and preached them with vigor and perspicuit}'. I'o 
 win souls to Christ was his earnest desire. What he taught to others he 
 reduced to practice in his own life and conversation. At each communion 
 ■season he welcomed numbers into the church, and his entire ministry 
 seems to have been a continual revival, a most blessed close to a most useful 
 and laborious life. He was eloquent in the pulpit, and impressed every 
 one with his tone of devotional feeling — a minister eminently beloved by 
 all who knew him.t— i?. E. S. 
 
 Hardenbergh, James B. U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, 1. by CI. N.B. 1824 ; 
 Princetown and Helderbergh, 1824-5, New-Brunswick, 1825-9, Orchard 
 
 * This is correct, though differing from many publications, and even from the inscription 
 on his tombstone. 
 
 t On his settlement at Karitan, he married the -nidow of Rev. John Frclingluiysen, to 
 whose influence he was indebted in no small degree for his eminent usefulness. The charac- 
 ter which she has left behind her, under the familiar name of the Jufrow Hardenbergh, dis- 
 tinguished her as one of the most remarkable women of her day. Her maiden name was 
 Dinah Van Berg. She was born in Amsterdam, in 17:25. Her father was a wealthy mer- 
 chant, extensively engaged in the East-India trade, who reared his family in all the fashion 
 and refinement of the metropolis, but without any instruction in religion. She became the 
 subject of divine grace in early youth, and was remarkable for her rapid attainments in god- 
 liness and faith. Her naturally strong intellect was developed by her early education, and 
 she retained her mental vigor down to old age. 
 
 She felt from her early years that she had a work to do in the Church. She became 
 acquainted with John Fxelinghuysen while he was pursuing his theological studies in Am- 
 sterdam, and became his wife. After her husband's early death, she was on the point of 
 embarking again for Holland with her two children, when Mr. Hardenbergh made her an 
 offer of marriage, and she became an efficient co-worker with him in his important services 
 to liis country and Church. 
 
 She was a woman of great intelligence, an extensive reader and correspondent, and her 
 influence was felt throughout the denomination. She kept an elaborate journal, exhibiting 
 great spirituality and intellectual vigor. In the interval between the services on the Sab- 
 bath, she failed not to improve the time for religious conversation. She died at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty-two, in 1807. Tradition yet loves to dwell upon her virtues. 
 
112 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 St. N.Y.C. 1829-30, Rhinebeck, 1830-6, Philadelphia 1st, 1836-40, 
 Franklin St. now 23d St. N.Y.C. 1840-56, w. c. 
 
 Raring, Oarret A. L. hy Seceders, 1865 ; Schraaleriburgh, 1868 — 
 
 Harlow, S. (Washington Hollow, N.Y.) From Assoc. N.Y. 1889 ; Shokan, 
 
 1839-49, Samsonville, 1852-8, emeritus, d. 1861. 
 
 He was a physician in early life, and a great friend of the temperance 
 cause. But his love for souls would not permit him to continue only in 
 secular employments, and he sought the ministry. The prominent trait in 
 his character was unbounded love for the Saviour. He was a man of deep 
 humility and retiring modesty. His sacrifice of self on all occasions was 
 carried to a rare extent. In great suffering he was unwilling to make his 
 circumstances known, though his income was altogether inadequate to his 
 comfort. His labors in the cause of Christ were faithful and earnest, while 
 he cared personally for nothing but the absolute necessities of life. The 
 pains which he suffered cannot be described, and these continued almost 
 daily for many years ; yet he continued to preach, though each effort added 
 to his affliction. In his dying moment he exclaimed, as if in exultation, 
 " This is death ! death !" 
 
 Harriman, Orlando, C.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. N.Y. 1838; Hurley, 
 Jan.-July, 1840 ; became Episcopalian. 
 
 Harris, J. Ferguson, R.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y. 1856; Cold 
 Spring, 1856-7, Pompton Plains, 1858-67, Hurley and N. Marbletown, 
 
 1867— 
 
 Hart, Charles E. C.N.J. 1858, P.S. 1861, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1860; [40th St. 
 Presbyt. Ch. N.Y.C. 1863-7,] Newark, North, 1867— 
 
 Hartley, Isaac S. N.Y.U. 1852, 1. by Andover Assoc. 18. . ; Union Ch. 
 Sixth Av, N.Y.C. 1864— 
 
 Hartkauft, Chester D. U. Pa. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Phil. 1864; 
 South-Bushwick, 1864-6, New-Brunswick 2d, 1866— 
 
 Hasbrouck, J. R. H. Studied under Froeligh, 1. 1808 ; Klein, Esopus, and 
 Bloomingdale, 1809-13, Charlestown 1st and Canajoharie, (Mapletown 
 and Westerlo?) 1820-6, Root, now Currytown, 1826-30, w. c. 1830-44. 
 
 Hastings, S. M. P. Ham. C. 1833, Aub. Sem. 1837, 1. Presbyt. Oneida, 
 1837; Vernon, N.Y. 1839-48, Pompey, 1848-55,) Chittenango, 1855-60, 
 Coxsackie, 1800 — 
 
 [Hautz, Anthony, b. in Germany, 1758, c. to America, with his fiither, 
 1768, studied with Hendel, 1. by Ger. Coetus, 1787 ; Harrisburgh, etc. 
 1788-97, Carlisle, 1798-1803, Seneca Co. and Tompkins Co. N.Y. 1803- 
 13, Tompkins Co. 1813-15.] 
 
 Hawthorne, Hugh, 1835. 
 
 Hayt, S. a. 1868, w. c. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 113 
 
 Hedges, Hugh G. R.C. 1S4G, N.15.S. d. 
 
 Heekex, Exne J. II.C. ISOr, student of theology at Ilollaiid, Mich. 1870. 
 
 IIeeumam'e, Epc.vk L. s. of Henry Ileeninnce, Y.C. 1858, A.S. 18G1, 1. by 
 Con. Ass^c. New-llaven, ISOl ; Castlclon, 1801 — 
 
 IIeermance, IIakkisox, R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. roiighkccpsio, 1837; 
 Currytown and Maplctown, 1837-40, (Milton Presbyt. 1840-3,) Buskirk's 
 liridgc, 1844-5, Medina, 1840-51, JelTerson and Pottsford, 1851-7, Macon, 
 1857-02, Chaplain 128th Reg. N.Y.V. 1804, w. c— 
 
 IIeermance, Henry, b. at Nassau, 1801, U. C, N.B.S. 182G, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1820 ; Oyster Bay and North-Hempstead, 1820-7, Miss, at vStuyvesant, 
 1827-8, Sand Beach, March-Nov. 1829, Blawenbergh, 1832-5, Kinder- 
 book, 1835-6, died, 1840. 
 
 From a child, he possessed strong character, activity, self-dependence, a 
 spirit of inquiry and experiment, strong decision, and energetic action. He 
 was a sort of '' regulator" among the turbulent boys of his day, a hammer 
 of the unruly ; and was looked up to by the weak and defenceless as a pat- 
 ron and shield. Conscious of his strength, and proud of bearing swa}^, he 
 never shrunk from any hazard to onaTce things right. A revival in Nassau 
 was the means of giving a new direction to his life. With characteristic 
 energy and zeal, he turned his back on the world, and devoted himself to 
 the ministr}^ Domestic losses and afflictions made his early pastorates 
 brief; and at Kinderhook his incessant labors caused his own robust health 
 to yield, compelling him, as he believed, to seek some active employment. 
 He became at length an agent of the American Tract Societj', and in his 
 usefulness here far exceeded the highest expectations formed respecting 
 him. 
 
 He had a comprehensive and well-balanced judgment, up to the point 
 where feeling becomes enlisted, when his honest ardor somewhat blinded 
 him as to remote results. His sensibilities were unusually keen, but they 
 never prompted retaliation, nor had they any tincture of resentment. His 
 energy was great, and his purpose indomitable. Hence when his sphere of 
 action was limited, and his mode of action defined, as was the case with his 
 agencies, his executive efficiency was of the very highest order. As a 
 preacher he was solemn, affectionate, earnest, pungent, lucid. His style 
 was sententious, and his appeals direct and forcible. His general mode of 
 preaching was to arouse the conscience, at times producing the greatest 
 manifestations of awe even among Christians, and writhings under a sight 
 and sense of their condition among sinners. Yet he was not deficient in 
 ability to depict the beauties of holiness, and the grace and truth that came 
 by Jesus Christ. He was stricken down by apoplexy in the midst of his 
 days, just as he was resolving and entering on enlarged plans of usefulness. 
 
 [Helffenstcin, John C. A. b. in the Palatinate, 1748, University of Heidelberg,. 
 
114 THE MINISTEY. 
 
 ordained by the Sj-nod of Holland, came to America, 1771 ; Germantown, 
 Pa. 1772-G, Lancaster, 177G-9, Germantown again, 1779-89, died, 1790.] 
 The office of the ministry has had a succession in this family, since the 
 time of the Reformation. John 0. A. came to America in company with 
 Revs. Mr. Gebhard and Helfferich. They called on Dr. J. H. Livingston in 
 New-York, immediately on their arrival. A severe storm on the passage 
 over, had led Mr. IL to consecrate himself more entirely to the service of 
 God. While settled at Lancaster, he frequently preached to the Hessian 
 captives quartered there. His sermons were very pointed, and often caused 
 great excitement. He died of consumption. Four of his sons entered the 
 ministry. His grandson, Jacob, is now the pastor of the old church of Ger- 
 mantown, which has recently become Presbyterian. 
 
 He was an eloquent, warm-hearted, and pungent preacher — preaching 
 memoriter. His applications were peculiarly animated and impressive. His 
 ministry was greatly blessed. Several small volumes of his sermons have 
 been published, which testify to his unction, and his solemn aim of reach- 
 ing the conscience and the heart. 
 
 [Helifenstein, Samuel, (s. of J. C. A. Helffenstein,) Philadelphia, G.R. 1801- 
 31.] 
 
 [Helfferich, John H. b. in Hesse, 1739, University of Heidelberg, lie. 17G1 ; 
 came to America, 1771-2; Kutztown, De Lange, Weisscnberg, Lovvhill, 
 Heidelberg, 1772-1810; also at Long Swamp, 1778, Upper Milford, 1779, 
 Trexlerstown, 1784, Ziegle Ch. 1778, and Lyntown, 1804, d. 1810.] 
 Lehigh County, Pa., at the time of his arrival, was in great spiritual de- 
 clension. Mr. Schlatter's visits had not extended to this region. Mr. H.'s first 
 work was to organize consistories. His labors were immense. During forty 
 years they had been without regular instruction, and a worthy people had 
 degenerated into almost a semi-civilized state. Irregular and dissolute pre- 
 tenders had sometimes foisted themselves upon them as preachers, whose 
 lives at length betrayed them, and disgraced religion. From such commu- 
 nities, it may easily be understood that Mr. H., in his reformatory move- 
 ments, met with considerable opposition. Yet many assisted him in his 
 efforts, nor would any of the churches spare his services, though he often 
 plead to be relieved from some of them. Many of his people had taken part; 
 in the insurrection, during President Adams's administration, and were in- 
 debted to their pastor's influence for their pardon, or a mitigation of their 
 sentence. 
 
 Mr. IL was punctual and prompt, and therefore reliable. He was decid- 
 ed but mild, combining in a happy manner the authority and dignity of his 
 office with gentleness and mercy. He wrote his sermons, though he 
 preached without notes. His delivery was rapid but distinct, and he had 
 a musical voice. "With a good education and a warm heart, he was regard- 
 ed as a superior preacher. A son and several grandsons entered the min- 
 istry. — Earhaugli' s Lives. 
 
TIIK MlNISTJtY. 115 
 
 [Ilendel, "Win. b. in the Palatinate, studied in Europe, c. to America,'! 7G4; 
 
 Lancaster, 17Go-0, Tulpehocken, 1709-82, Lancaster, 1782-94-, Pliiladel- 
 
 phia, 1794-8, d.] 
 
 He was of line personal appearance, and had a strong voice. He was 
 earnest and devoted as a pastor, and of excellent pulpit talents. In the 
 yellow-fever epidemic in Philadelphia, he remained faithful at his post. He 
 was of an unsectarian spirit, and possessed considerable scientific know- 
 ledge. He is represented by his students as a man of prayer. Communion 
 with God was a luxury to him. He would retire from company for the pur- 
 pose of enjoying it. Ilarbaugh calls him the St. John of the German Ke- 
 formed Church. Aged persons describe him as he appeared in his last years : 
 His hair was long and white, his countenance serene and heavenly ; and 
 his whole appearance beautifully venerable and saint-like. And though he 
 could scarcely hold the hymn-book in his trembling hands, yet with true 
 unction from above, and with holy earnestness and paternal affection, did 
 the words of life and love fall from his anointed lips. lie possessed in an 
 extraordinary degree the gift of prayer. Ilis public prayers ahvaj's melted 
 the hearts of the hearers. He seemed to bear their hearts into the very 
 presence of God, so that they were overwhelmed with a sense of his near- 
 ness, and softened by the power of his mercy and love. 
 
 Hendriks, John, U.C. 180S, studied under Livingston, lie. CI. N.Y. 1810. 
 
 [Henkel, Wm. Philadeli)hia, G.R. 1794-8, d. of yellow-fever.] 
 
 [Henop, Fred L. (Easton, Pa. 1764-69 ?) Frederick, Middletown, and Glades, 
 1709-84. d.] 
 
 Henry, James V. C.N.J. 1818, P.S. 1821, (Ballston Spa ; Mt. Pleasant, 
 N.Y.) Ithaca, 1840-9, w. c. 1847-54, (Presbyt. Sing Sing, 1854- . .) 
 
 Henshaw, Marshall, Assoc. Mass. 18. . ; tutor in Amherst Col. 1847-9, Prof, 
 of Mathematics in Rutgers Col. 1859-63. 
 
 [Herman, Lebrecht Frederick, b. in Germany, 1701, University of Halle, 
 1782, Bremen, 1782-5, c. to America, 1785; Easton, PlainQeld, Dryland, 
 and Greenwich, Pa. 1785-9, Germantown and Frankford, Pa. 1790-1800, 
 Swamp, Pottstown, and St. Vincent, Pa. 1800". . . ., afterward in various 
 places in Chester, Montgomery, and Berks counties, Pa. d. 1848.] 
 
 He was the last of the German ministers sent over under the care of the 
 Classis of Amsterdam. 
 
 The Synod of Holland represents him as a young man of great promise. 
 He was a most laborious worker, preparing also five of his own sons for the 
 ministry, and eight others, among whom was John Guldin. He labored in 
 the ministry about sixty years, outliving all the missionaries sent over by 
 the Synod of Holland. In old age he lost his sight, but he maintained a 
 cheerful spirit, good health, and an unshaken hope. 
 
 Ileyer, S. Wm. b. in N.Y.C. 1798, C.C. 1815, studied under Mason, 1817- 
 
116 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 21, 1. CI. N.Y. 1821 ; supplied Philadelphia, 1821, and Newburgh, 
 1822, Fisbkill Landing, 1823-51, emeritus, 1862, d. 1866. 
 He designed to pursue the mercantile life, but he could not get rid of the 
 idea that he must preach the Gospel. He afterward learned that an emi- 
 nent Christian lady had agonized in prayer, that he might consecrate him- 
 self to the ministry. His labors were not distinguished by extraordinary 
 seasons of revival, but were blessed with constant accessions from the 
 world, so that at one time the number of communicants, in proportion to 
 the number of families, was larger than in any other church in the denomi- 
 nation. He had not the qualities of the brilliant preacher, but was a scribe 
 well instructed in the things of the kingdom, not neglecting the gift that was 
 in him. His sermons were preeminently evangelical, earnest, solemn, 
 affectionate in tone, and adapted to all classes. He ever remembered his 
 position, though at all times singularly genial in temper, and accessible in 
 demeanor. He was in an eminent degree a godly man. "It seems to me 
 that brother Heyer is always on the mount," said our missionary Young- 
 blood, to a friend, after one of his calls. " How long do you expect to 
 have your husband here ? " said a lady to Mrs. H., on leaving a daily prayer- 
 meeting in Newburgh ; " he seems so ripe for heaven that I fear it cannot 
 be long." After the relinquishment of his charge, he preached as opportu- 
 nity offered, and labored in the jail. His character was a singularly well- 
 balanced one. Except his deep-toned piety, which was alsvays visible, 
 there was in it no single salient trait. He was so simple, straightforward, 
 and natural, that his character was soon obvious. As a man and a minis- 
 ter, he was ever loyal to conscience. Whatever duty was imposed upon 
 him, he performed it, however painful it might be, and it was done kindly, 
 tenderly, yet with decision. He was a man strong in the faith, and also in 
 the form of sound words. He bowed to the authority of the divine word 
 with the profoundest reverence. He could testify to the ineffable gracious- 
 ness of the Gospel, and its power to sustain under the keenest afflictions. 
 It had not only delivered him from the fear of death, but created within 
 him an eager desire to depart and be with Christ. Indeed, this was his or- 
 dinary and habitual state of mind. The day before his death he said to his 
 wife, " A little more suffering, and then the crown ! I shall see Jesus ! I 
 shall be like him — like him ! " 
 
 Heysek, H. C. from G.R. Ch. New-Brooklyn, 186T. 
 
 Hicks, W. W. from Methodist Ch. Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 18G7-8. 
 
 Hillman, Alex. C. C.C. 1832, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. N.Y. 1836; Stone- 
 house Plains, 1836^1, Vanderveer, 1841-2, Roxbury and Moresville, 
 1848-5, Wurtsboro, 1846-9, Blue Mountain, 1852-8, w.c. 
 
 HiMROD, John S. Pt.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Albany, 1842; Hills- 
 dale, 1842-3, Claverack 2d, 1845-1851, S.S. South-Bushwick, 1851-3, 
 South-Bushwick, 1853-9, Greenport, 1861— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 117 
 
 Hitchcock, Edward "\V. Tonipkinsville, 18G0-5. 
 
 [Ilochreutincr, John Jacob, b. at St. Galls, Switz. Came to America, 1748, 
 called to Lancaster, accidentally killed by the discharge of a gun, Oct. 
 14, 1748.] 
 
 [Hock, John Jacob, Lancaster, 173G-7.] 
 
 Hoes, John C. F.A.C. 1832, P.S. 1835, lie. by Presbyt. New-Brunswick. 
 1834; Chittcnango, 1835-7, Ithaca, 1837-45, Kingston, 1S45-G7, re- 
 signed, w. c. 
 
 HofF, Brogun, b. at Harlingen, 1794, Q.C. 1815, N.B.S. 1818, 1. CI. N.B. 
 
 1818; Philadelphia, 2d (Eighth st.) 1818-24, (Bridgcton, N.J. Presb. 
 
 1824-33, Bath, Pa. 1833-5,) Leeds and Kiskatom, 1835-42, Rhinebeck, 
 
 1842-50, Germantown, N.Y. 1850-5, d. 
 
 He was in person a man above medium size, compactly built, agile and 
 ■ strong ; his countenance was open and expressive, liis eye light blue and 
 very pleasant, his hair fine and a glossy brown, and in his later days was 
 worn long. He was of a social turn, fond of his friends, and enjoying him- 
 self greatly among them and in his family, to which he was attached with 
 uncommon tenderness. He was of excellent memory and quick apprehen- 
 sion, so that his convei'sation was sprightly and instructive. He did not 
 incline to literary pursuits as such, but was thoroughly versed in theo- 
 logy, and fond of doctrinal discussion. In the pulpit his voice was clear, 
 strong, and well modulated, his position and action manly and free, and his 
 sermons deeply scriptural, experimental, and earnest. In personal appeals 
 his manner and voice were tender, and his eye almost always moistened 
 with tears. He inclined to strongly evangelical and doctrinal preaching, 
 and argued with great power upon all the essential principles of our faith ; 
 was fond of preaching courses of sermons upon the history or chiefly im- 
 portant doctrines of redemption. Seldom indeed did he preach upon any 
 other than the most vital themes of revelation. He was a student of Dr. 
 John H. Livingston, whose granddaughter Sarah he married, but lost her 
 by an early death. His second wife was Caroline Clay, who survives him, 
 the beloved mother of a large and interesting family. Mr. HofF enjoyed, 
 commonh', fine health. He died of apoplexy, at Germantown, N. Y., and 
 was there buried. — J. D. B. 
 
 His father was a quiet, thoughtful man, and his mother an eminent and 
 devoted Christian, whose earnest prayer was, that her youngest son might 
 preach the Gospel. He occupied several important positions, and had the 
 happiness of welcoming his father to the communion of the church at 
 Bridgeton, at the age of 80. He was a man fearless, resolute, and deter- 
 mined in the right. He could not be swayed by flattery, nor intimidated 
 by threats. He was even stern and severe in opposition, when he sup- 
 posed that opposition was factious and unfriendl}'. But at the same time 
 there were few men who were more affectionate in feeling, and more ready 
 for conciliation, when it was sought in a sincere and brotherly spirit. He 
 
118 THE MINISTRY.. 
 
 was an earnest preacher of the Gospel, plain, bold, and solemn ; a prudent, 
 kind, and aflfectionate pastor, winning the confidence and love of all. As a 
 student he was of fair acquirements. He had a good voice and agreeable 
 address. He had a very tender heart, and often wept over sinners, as he 
 warned them of their danger and exhorted them to come to Christ. This 
 gave him much power in the pulpit. 
 
 HoflFman, Abraham, b. at Shawangunk, 1780, studied under Froeligh and 
 
 Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1808 ; Courtlandtown, 1808-30, also miss, to 
 
 Wawarsing, Dec. 1828-Feb.' 29, Cato, 1831-43, d. 185G. 
 
 Though not a fluent speaker, he possessed great practical sense, warm 
 
 sympathies, and was a good theologian. It was often said by an elder in 
 
 the church, " If I had the domine's head, or he had my tongue, we should 
 
 make a stir in the world." He gathered those attached to the Reformed 
 
 church in Cato, and united them together. — G. S. 
 
 Holmes, Edwin, U. 0. 1822, N.B.S., 1827, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1827 ; Lin- 
 lithgo, 1827-35, Albany 3d, 1835-40, Athens, 1840-41, Nassau, 1841- 
 51, Chatham, 1853-9, supplied Glenhara, 1860-5, \v. c. 
 
 Holmes, John McC. (son of Edwin Holmes) W.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. 
 of Rensselaer, 1857; East-"\Villiamsburgh, 1857-9, Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 
 1859-04, Hudson, 18G5— 
 
 Hones, Julius, from. Evang. Miss. Assoc. Berlin, 1854; Jeffersonville, 1854-S, 
 S.S. New-Brunswick 3d, 1858-GO, w. c. 
 
 Hopkins, David, U.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y. 1868. 
 
 HoRTON, Francis A. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Hudson, 1865 ; Glen- 
 ham, 1865-7, Catskill, 1867. 
 
 HouBOLT, W. A. Theolog. School of Kampen, Netherlands, 1858, 1. CI. 
 Holland, Mich. 1859; Grand Rapids, 1859-60, Albany, (Holland Ch.) 
 1861-4, Muskegon, 1864— 
 
 How, Samuel B. b. 1788, U. Pa. 1810, P.S. 1813, [Salisbury, Pa. 1813-15, 
 Trenton, 1815-21, New-Brunswick, 1821-3, all Presbyt. Savannah, Ga. 
 independent ch. 1823-1827, Miss, in New-York City, North st. 1827-8, 
 President of Dickinson Coll. 1830-1.] New-Brunswick 1st, 1832-61, d. 
 1868. 
 
 He was in all respects, whether in theologj^, politics, or in manners, an 
 old-school man. He venerated the past, and looked upon all change as rev- 
 olutionary. Circumstances had added to his theological opinions great 
 positiveness. New -school doctrines filled his soul with abhorrence and 
 alarm. He resisted them with all his learning and with all his might, even 
 to the last. In sermons, conversations, and articles for the press, he warned 
 against them. 
 
 With regard to slavery he took extreme ground in its defence, and in 
 1855 published a pamphlet, entitled Slaveliolding not Sinful. This was 
 
TIIK MINISTRY. 119 
 
 in connection witii the request of the Classis of North-Cai'olina, of tlic Ger- 
 man llefonned Church, to be admitted to our bod}'. Many replies to their 
 request were made on tlie floor of Synod, and a pamphlet in answer to Dr. 
 IIow was published b}^ Rev. II. I). Gansc. 
 
 In manners he was the perfect gentleman. His considerate and respect- 
 ful demeanor was manifest to all. Courtesy abode on his lips. He neg- 
 lected none of the delicacies and none of the proprieties of intercour.se 
 which are held in just estimation among relined and polite people, lie was 
 gentle toward the poor, condescending to men of lotv estate, and always 
 guarded in his language while contending for his convictions with strong 
 men to whom he was opposed. 
 
 As a learned and accomplished theologian he stood among the foremost 
 men of his age. His familiarity with the writings of the great divines, pa- 
 tristic, media!val, and reformed, enabled him to quote them readil}' on almost 
 any point under discussion. He discharged the duties of the ministry with 
 singular zeal, fidelity, and success. In every sense he was a hard-working 
 man. In his study, pulpit, and parish, he was never slovenly or negligent. 
 In both public and private he adorned the doctrine of godliness. 
 
 HuizEXGA, John L. H.O. 1867, student of theology at Holland, Mich. 1870. 
 
 HuLBERT, Victor M. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. L.T. 1842 ; Green- 
 ville and Yonkers, 1842-7, Flatbush (Ulster Co.) 1848-52, Yonkers, 
 1852-G5, White Plains, 18G5— 
 
 Hurst, Geo. D. R.C. 18GG, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Hunt, Christopher, b. at Tarrytown, 18—. R.C. 1827, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. 
 
 N.Y. 1830; Clarkstown, 1830-2, Nassau, 1832-7, N.Y.C. Franklin st. 
 
 1837-9, d. 
 
 He was early left an orphan, and found a home in an orphan asylum. 
 Here he was under the influence of Christian friends, who forgot not his 
 spiritual necessities. He was a man of lovely spirit, and a faithful laborer 
 in the vinej'ard. He lived a blameless life, and his churches were warmly 
 attached to him. He was deeply interested in whatever related to the in- 
 terests of the Redeemer's kingdom. His preaching was with a warmth and 
 energy which reached the heart. He had hardly been settled in New- 
 York a year when pulmonary disease manifested itself. Unconscious of 
 his danger, yet his sermons for a while bore upon the important subject of 
 deatli. Thus was God preparing him. When he came to underst.".nd his 
 condition, he thoroughly examined the grounds of his hopes. His last 
 words were, "All is well ! " 
 
 HuTTON, Mancius S. C.C. 1823, P.S. 182G lie. 2d Presbyt. N.Y. 182G ; 
 miss, to Wawarsing 1827-8, (Gcr. Valley, Presbyt. 1828-35,) South Ch. 
 N.Y.C. 1835-7, now in Washington Square, 1837— 
 
 HfTTox, M. II. N.Y.U. 1857, N.B.S. 18G0 1. CI. N.Y. 18G0 ; Mt. Vernon, 
 18G4— 
 
120 THE 3I1NISTKY. 
 
 HuYssoN, Jas. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. N.B. 1859 ; Lodi, N.J. 1859-64, Pater- 
 son, (Hollandish,) 1864-5, Drenthe, 1865-6, Polkton, 18G6-8, Paterson 
 1st, Holland, 1868— 
 
 Hyndshaw, J. B. Walpeck, 18,36-9, w. c. 1839-41. 
 
 Ingalls, Wilson. U.C. 1836, tutor in U.C. 1836-7, S.S. Princetown, 
 1838-9, Glenville 1st, 1840-51, Owasco, 1853-64, (supplied Broadalbin, 
 1864-5, w. c. 1866-8, Blooming Grove— 1868. 
 
 [Ingold, John Wm. came from Europe 1774, "Whitpain and Worcester, 
 1774-5, Saucon, . . . .Easton, ... Gosenhoppen,. . . .Easton 17. .-90.] 
 
 Israel, studied under the missionaries, 1.' CI. Arcot, 18G7 ; in India. 
 
 Jackson, John Frelinghuysen, (s. of W. Jackson,) b. at Bergen, 1768, Q.C. 
 
 1788, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of K.D. Chs. 1790 ; Harlem 
 
 and Phillipsburgh, 1792-1806, Fordham, 1819-36, d. 
 
 He was early introduced into the ministry, and for nearly half a century 
 served the Master with singular consistency, faithfulness, and zeal. He 
 was a man of sound, experimental, practical piety, of great simplicity of 
 character and singleness of heart, and of self-denying humility. Of men 
 he sought neither praise nor recompense. Possessed of ample resources, 
 his services to the church were rendered, throughout his life, almost 
 gratuitously. An act of distinguished liberality manifests his attachment 
 to the church. His life, if not brilliant, was filled up with laborious useful- 
 ness. When on the verge of the grave, he was all self-renunciation, 
 humilit}', faith, gratitude, hope, and joy. 
 
 Jackson, William, b. 1732, studied under J. Frelinghuysen, and J. H. 
 
 Goetschius, lie. 1757; Bergen and Staten Island, 1757-89, emeritus, d. 
 
 1813. 
 
 lie received a call from the churches of Bergen and Staten Island on June 
 22d, 1753. This stipulated that he should go to Holland, to complete his 
 studies, and receive ordination from the Classis of Amsterdam. He was 
 gone four years, and returned ; but few materials remain to give us an idea 
 of his character. Tradition speaks of him as a learned man and a devoted 
 minister of Christ. He had a commanding voice, and was, in the Dutch 
 language, a powerful orator. He was much sought after in the Reformed 
 churches of Middlesex and Somerset counties, N.J., and was esteemed, as 
 a field-preacher, second only to Whitefield. On one occasion while preach- 
 ing at Raritan, the assemblage was so large that, to be heard by all, outside 
 and within the church, he took his station at the door, and preached. In 
 1759, he was called as a colleague to Domine Hardenbergh at Raritan, but 
 declined. About 1783, his mind began to f;iil, and he became subject to 
 mental aberrations, and would say improper things in the pulpit, or con- 
 tinue his discourses too long. On one such occasion while preaching in 
 New-Brunswick, his friend Hon. James Schureman, gave him a hint, by 
 
THE MINISTRY. 121 
 
 holding lip his watch. Eyeing him keenly, the Dominc replied, "Schure- 
 nian, Schiircnian, put up your watch; Paul preached till midnight." 
 
 In 1789 the Classis of Ilackcnsack, in compliance with the wish of his 
 churches, was obliged to take notice of his nialad\', and advised him to re- 
 sign his call. This he did, and, moreover, obligated himself under the for- 
 feiture of five hundred pounds to cease preaching or administering the 
 sacraments. This was intended to work effectually on his mind. Ilis wife al- 
 so became alllicted in the same wa3\ Eut the church gave them the use 
 of the parsonage the rest of their lives — about twenty-four years — and 
 purchased another parsonage for his successor.— 7(^y^or's Annals of JJercjen. 
 
 James, Woodridge L. from Presbyt. of Utica ; Daj^, 1849-52, Columbia, 
 1854-5, Woodstock, 185G-G2, w. c. 
 
 Jameson, Cns. M. Mt. Pleasant, N.Y.C. 1852-G2, w. c — 
 
 Janeway, Jacob J. b. 17. . C.C. 1784, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 1797; (Philadelphia 2d Presb. 1798-1828, Prof, in Western Theolog. 
 Sem. 1828-30,) Xew-Brunswick, IS-SO-l, supplied Orchard St. N.Y.C. 
 18-30-1, Vice-President of Rutgers Coll. and Prof. Belles-Let, Evidences 
 of Christianity, and Political Economj-, 18.33-39. 
 
 Janeway, John L. (son of J. J. Janeway) R.C. 1835, N.C.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1840 ; Montville, 1843-50. 
 
 Jansen, John N. R. C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1851 ; Guil- 
 ford, 1852-63, Pompton, 18G3— 
 
 Jansen, Josiah, b. in Ulster Co. 18-35, R.C. 185G, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. 
 Orange, 1859 ; New-Concord, 1861-4, d. 
 
 Though, from a child, thoughtful and eminently conscientious, he did not 
 unite with the church till near the close of his collegiate course. "While 
 studying theology, he was attacked with hemon-hage of the lungs, which 
 compelled him to return home, yet he studied privately, and graduated 
 with his class. He did not settle at once, but assisted his brethren, as 
 strength permitted, for eighteen months, but was soon obliged to succumb 
 to the power of the fell destroyer. His mind was well balanced and well 
 furnished. He was a diligent student, and failed not to gain a clear idea of 
 the subject of investigation. Ilis piety was definite, firm, and earnest. He 
 was a clear and evangelical preacher, presenting Gospel truth in a happy 
 manner, and encouraging ]ii;_:h hopes of future usefulness. In his charge, 
 he had the confidence and affection of his people, but his life was one of 
 suffering rather than of labor. — J. E. B. 
 
 Jennings, Jacob, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789 ; miss, to Hardy Co. 
 Va. 1788-91, Presbyt. 
 
 He was a godly physician in Hardy Co., Virginia, formerly a resident on 
 the Raritan, and a member of the church there, and well known to Dr. 
 
122 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 Ilardenbergh. He had held catechetical exercises in Virginia, and the peo- 
 ple were so favorably disposed toward him, that they asked that he might 
 be ordained to the ministry. There were no other churches or ministers 
 within sixty miles of his locality. Synod therefore determined to examine 
 him for licensure. He was licensed and ordained, at the same session, as a 
 missionary to that people, belonging to the Chassis of New-Brunswick. In 
 1791, he asked dismission to the Presbyterian Church, since his people 
 were not able to support him. Synod sent him £20, but declined at present 
 to dismiss him, requesting him rather to return, and take charge of some of 
 their own destitute churches. Nothing further is heard of him in the Minutes 
 of Synod, and the first volume of Minutes of Classis of New-Brunswick, 
 (1771-1811,) in which there would no doubt be references, is not known 
 to exist. In the Readington graveyard, the stone of Mrs. Jacob Jennings, 
 his wife, is found, who was also the grandmother of ex-Gov. Wise of Vir- 
 ginia. — M. G. 8. vol. i. 
 
 Jewett, A. D. Lawrence, Piermont, 1857-9, (New-Brunswick, 1st Presbyt. 
 1868—) 
 
 John, see Zechariah. 
 
 Johns, Wm. Prattsville, 1855-9, (S.S. Big Hollow, Presbyt.) 
 
 Johnson, Henry II. w. c. 18G1-6, S.S. Leyden Centre, 1867— 
 
 Johnson, Isaiah Y. b. 1783, W.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1816; Ar- 
 
 gyle and Fort Miller, 1817-21, Schodack, 1821-4, d. 
 
 His expression was intellectual and bland ; his manners affable, always 
 courteous, cheerful, and of easy dignity. lie was attractive to the youth 
 of his charges. His habits were very systematic. He generally retired to 
 his study on Sabbath evening, and selected his topic for the next Sabbath, 
 while on Monday he visited his people. His great-grandfiither was a Pres- 
 byterian minister in Ireland. — G. 8. 
 
 Johnson, John Barent, b. at Brooklyn, 1769, C.C. 1792, studied under Liv- 
 ingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1795; Albany, 1796-1802, Brooklyn, 1802-3, d. 
 He lost both his parents when in his ninth year, and was brought up by 
 a cousin. In his seventeenth year, being at school at Flatbush, Dr. Liv- 
 ingston, who spent his summers there, became acquainted with him, and, 
 perceiving that he was a youth of more than ordinary talents, encouraged 
 him to commence a course of liberal studies, and kindly offered to receive 
 him into his own family, and superintend his education. This offer was 
 gratefully accepted, and he was soon prepared to enter college. He was a 
 man of unusually prepossessing personal appearance, and of easy and grace- 
 ful manners. His countenance had an expression of great benignit}'-, united 
 with high intelligence. His manners were bland and courteous, and pre- 
 disposed every one to see in him a friend; and his countenance and man- 
 ners were a faithful index of his disposition. He was acknowledged on all 
 hands to possess an uncommonly amiable and generous spirit. He had the 
 
THE MINISTKY. 123 
 
 reputation of an excellent pastor. lie mingled freely, and to great accept- 
 ance, with all classes of people. He was particularly attentive to the young, 
 and liad the faculty of making himself exceedingly pleasant to them. lie 
 was a popular preacher, possessed of a melodious voice ; his gesture was 
 natural and effective. On the occasion of the death of Washington, the 
 Legislature of Xew-York invited him to deliver the eulogy before them. 
 
 JonxsoN, Jonx G. R.C. 1836, N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. N.B. 1839; Glcnham, 
 1840-G, St. John's, Upper Red Hook, 1840— 
 
 Johnson, Wm. (entered Sccedcr Ch.) Oicasco, 1838-05, became Presbyte- 
 rian. 
 
 Jones, David A. Iloxton Coll. Eng., London Sem. of Ind. Dissenters, 1823, 
 lie. by the civil magistrate, 1823 ; [Folcshill, Warwickshire, 1823-8, 
 Chorle}', Lancaster, 1829-34, both in Eng., Danville, Ver. Cong. 1834-9,] 
 Saratoga, 1839-44, Easton, N.Y. 1844-8, Union, 1848-50, Constantine, 
 1850-2, Minisink, 1852-8, Grahamville and Upper Neversink, 1858-G3, 
 New-Concord, 1864-7, w. c. 
 
 Jones, Gardner, (s. of Nicholas Jones,) N.B.S. 1841 ; has become a Roman- 
 ist in Indiana. 
 
 Jones, H. W. F. Salt Hill Academy, Eng., N.B.S. 18(30, 1. CI. N.B. 18G0 ; 
 Bergen Point, 18G0— 
 
 Jones, Nathan W. R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853 ; Cleveland, 1853-4, S.S. Sharon, 
 1855-G, S.S. at Clove, 185G, Middleport, 185G-G0, S.S. Dingman's Ferry, 
 1862-3, w. c— 
 
 Jones, Nicholas, studied under Mason, 1815 ; Sharon and New-Rhincbeck, 
 1816-20, suspended, 1822, seceded independents, became a Baptist, died 
 1839. 
 
 Jones, Thos. W. (s. of D. A. Jones,) R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Rens- 
 selaer, 1867; Pottersville, 1867— 
 
 JoNGENEEL, L. G. b. and studied in Holland, 1. in South-Africa, by CI. of 
 Tulbagh, 1856; Miss, to heathen, at Aberdeen, S. Africa, afterward at 
 Ceres, 1856-66, c. to America, Sayville, 1866-;^- 
 
 JoKALMON, J. S. R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Bergen, 1855; Miss, to 
 China, 1855-8, voyage to America, July-Nov. 1858, Fairview, 1859 — 
 
 Jordan, Mark, 1. CI. N.Y. 1823 ; African Ch. N.Y. City, supplied, 1823-9, 
 withdrew. 
 
 Jukes, Charles, b. in England, 1788, c. to America, 1830; (Edinburgh and 
 Fish House, 1830^, Amsterdam, Presbyt. 1834-9,) Glen, 1839-40, Glen 
 and Auriesville, 1840-4, Stone Arabia, and Ephratah, 1844-50, Rotter- 
 dam, 1850-62, d. 
 
 He was the child of manj- prayers, and the early subject of religious in- 
 struction. At sixteen, when leaving home for London, his pious mother 
 
124 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 charged him, with tears, not to forget the claims of God. At first, for a few 
 years he did forget ; but God did not forget the praj'ers offered in his be- 
 half. In 1812, he was brought into the church, under the ministrations of 
 Rev. Thomas Morell, of St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. He at once became 
 an active and useful Christian, beginning to preach on the Sabbaths, as a 
 laynian, having commendation from the churches in the various destitute 
 villages within twenty miles of his home. His labors being greatly blessed, 
 he resolved to devote himself entirely to the ministry, choosing Canada as 
 his field. But, while sailing up the Hudson on a day-boat, the passengers, 
 ascertaining that an English preacher was on board, asked him to preach. 
 This he did, from the words in Daniel, "There is a God, who revealeth 
 secrets." A plain farmer, a non-professor, who heard him, asked him to 
 give up his design of going to Canada, stating that there were two destitute 
 churches in Saratoga County, which would gladly call him. This changed 
 his course, and, during the four and a half years that he was at Glen, 
 about seventy persons united with the church. By his faithful labors sub- 
 sequently, he was instrumental in effecting the organization of the churches 
 of Hagerman's Mills and Auriesville. He was a man of great catholicity of 
 spirit, though decided in his own views. He preached with boldness and 
 zeal. His activity in the ministry was known and admired by all. He al- 
 lowed nothing but personal sickness to interrupt him in his labors. His 
 preaching was very acceptable, and greatly blessed. 
 
 Julien, Robt. D. N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. KB. 18-52; Sharon, 1852-3. 
 
 Justin, John, R.O. 18G2, N.B.S. 18G5, 1. CI. N.B. 1865; North-Bergen, 
 1865— 
 
 Kails, Wm. came from London, in 1756, witli recommendation from Dr. 
 Chandler; [supplied Philadelphia, Ger. Ref. in 1756-7, Amwell, Ger. Ref. 
 and the German Churches on the Raritan, 1757-9,] N.Y.C. Ger. 1759 
 -60. 
 
 Karsten, John H. R.C. 18G0, N.B.S. 1863 ; Miss, to Forreston, 111. 1865-7, 
 Oostburg, 1867— 
 
 Kasse, a. K. c. to America, 1846, 1. CI. Geneva, 1851 ; Pultneyville, 1851 
 -61, Buffalo, 1861-4, Cleveland, 1864-8, Paterson, (IIol. 2d,) 1868— 
 
 Kellogg, C. D. C.N.J. 1861, P.S. 1. 2d Presbyt. N.Y. 1863; (Wilming- 
 ton, Del. 1863-7,) Northumberland, 1867-8, Northumberland and Fort 
 Miller, 1868— 
 
 Kennedy, Duncan, U.C. 1835, P.S. 1837, (Galvvay, N.Y. 1837-41,) Albany, 
 1841-55, (Troy, 2d Presbyt. 1855—) 
 
 Kcnnipe, . . . ., Canajoharie, 177.. 
 
 He once suffered a merciless flagellation, from a hard man, by the name 
 of Diel, as they rode together on horseback, on the river's bank. The 
 minister would not prosecute, but appealed to God, and, strange to say, 
 
TIIK JIINISTUY. 125 
 
 both men died on tlic same night. Kennipc was a single man, and was 
 thought to have been paitiall}'^ deranged. 
 
 Kern, John Michael, [Heidelberg, Germany, 17. .-1703,] Ger. N.Y.C. 17C3 
 -71, Montgomcr}', N.Y. 1771-8; was Conferentie. 
 
 Kerr, Geo. Concsville, 18-15-0, d. 1807. Was an active man in tlic cause 
 of education and temperance. 
 
 Kershow, Joseph II. R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1803; 
 Ilidgewaj'- and Macon, 1853-5, Ccntreville, 1855-00, Eden, 1800-8, Ncw- 
 Salem, 1808— 
 
 Ketchum, Isaac S. b. at Poughkeepsie, 1790, N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; 
 Salisbury, Manheim, and Danube, 1822-3, Manheim and Stone Arabia, 
 1823-30, in 1823 also appointed miss, to Columbia, Indian Castle, and 
 Hem Snyder's Bush, and 1820-7 miss, to Herkimer; Stone Arabia and 
 Ephratah, 1830-5, miss, to Centrevillc and Three Rivers, Mich. 1835-8, 
 d. 1803. 
 He was an intimate friend of President Van Buren, who appointed him 
 
 to the delicate task of removing some Indian tribes beyond the Mississippi. 
 
 This he did satisfactorily, and received from the President an autograph 
 
 letter, thanking him for his services. He then removed to St. Louis, where 
 
 he became a farmer, and afterward hospital chaplain. 
 
 [Kidenweiler, Rudolph, Long Swamp, Pa. 1754-02.] 
 
 KiEKEXTVELD, M. R.C. 18G3, N.B.S. 1800, k CL, Holland, 18GG ; Grand- 
 ville, 1807— 
 
 Kimball, Jos. U.C. 1839, Newburgh Sem. 1843, lie, Assoc. Ref. 1843; 
 (Ilamptonburgh ; Hebron; Brockport ;) Fishkill on the Hudson, 1803-5, 
 Brooklyn, 1805 — 
 
 King, Fred. L. C.X.J. 1844, P.S. 1849; Tutor in C.N.J. 1849; (North- 
 Haverstraw ;) miss, to Hudson City, N.J. 1855-7, w. c. 1857-9, Presbyt. 
 
 Kip, Fkaxcis M. C.C. 1820, N.B.S. 1830,1. CI. N.Y. 1830; Bloomingdale, 
 1830-1, Ninth St., N.Y.C. 1831-0, Fishkill, 1830- 
 
 Kip, Fuaxcis M. Jit. U.N.Y. 1804, N.B.S. 1807,1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1807; 
 Linlithgo, 1807 — 
 
 Kip, Isaac L. R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1801-'2, 1. CI., Poughkeepsie, 1801 ; East- 
 AVilliamsburgh, 1801-2, Chaplain 159th Reg. N.Y.V. 1802-3, Stuyvesant 
 Falls, 1804-7, Schodack Landing, 1807 — 
 
 Kip Leonard W. N.B.S. 1800, 1. CI. Poughkepsie, 1800 ; voyage to China, 
 June-Sep. 1801, China, 1801-8, in America. 
 
 Kipp, Petije, N.Y.U. 1807, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Kirby, Thos. (alias Kirkham, M.G.S. i. 338_) an independent minister from 
 
126 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 England, relicensed by CI. N.Y. 1797 ; Staten Island, 1797-1801, sus- 
 pended, restored ; went to Canada. 
 
 Kirkland, Robt. \v. c. 1833-6, miss, to Sand Beach, 1886-7. 
 Kirkwood, Ilobt. from Presbyterian Ch. of Scotland ; miss, to Manaj^unk, 
 1828-0, Cortlandtown, 1833-6, w. c. d. 18G6. 
 
 KissAM, Samuel, b. in N.Y.C. 1796, U.O. 1813, studied under Mason, and 
 at N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817; Bethlehem and Coeymans, 1818-28, 
 Bethlehem and Jerusalem, 1828-41, Coeymans, 1843—5, d. 1868. 
 
 Kittle, Andrew N. b. at Kinderhook, 1785, U.C. 1804, studied under Froe- 
 
 ligh and Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1806 ; Red Hook Landing and St. 
 
 John's, 1807-15, Red Hook Landing, St. John's, and Linlithgo, 1815-27, 
 
 Upper Red Hook, 1827-33, Stuyvesant, 1835-46, w. c. 1864. d. 
 
 He was a grand-son of Do. Fryenmoet, and was early dedicated to the 
 
 Lord. His first field of labor was extensive and important. Educated people 
 
 were among his parishioners, as well as those who had been destitute of 
 
 every advantage. He was indefatigable. Young, vigorous, and ardent, 
 
 he entered upon his work with high resolve to be a good minister of Christ. 
 
 He was a man of strong sense, of very considerable scholarship, well 
 
 read in theology, and, so long as he was able, preached with clearness and 
 
 power the doctrines of grace. Exceedingly happy in his famil}^, and fond 
 
 of his books, he had little or no taste for courting a vagrant notoriety 
 
 abroad. For this reason he never took any active part in our ecclesiastical 
 
 councils, never played the partisan in disputes in church matters — his life 
 
 flowing quietlj'and serenely on. 
 
 And yet no man in the church was more liberally endowed with precisely 
 those gifts and attainments which fit their possessor for honorable service 
 in public bodies. His fine presence and ready powers of debate occasionally 
 displayed, quick and keen perceptions, united with independence of judg- 
 ment, and great depths of emotion, might have secured him, had his wishes 
 been in that direction, no little prominence and influence in the conduct of 
 church affairs. But he sought no honors, titles, or praises. He was content 
 to be a simple preacher and pastor, xihvays courteous and high-toned in his 
 manner, he was indeed a beautiful exemplification of the best style of the 
 Christian gentleman. 
 
 Klyn, H. G. Graafschap, 1851-2, Milwaukee and Franklin, 1852-3, Milwau- 
 kee, 1853-54, Grand Rapids 2d., 1854-6, Kalamazoo, 1856-6i2, Chicago 
 1st, 1863-8, emeritus. 
 
 Knieskern, Jos. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1841 ; Berne 2d 
 and Knox, 1841-5, St. Johnsville, 1845 — 
 
 Knight R. W. b. in England 1794, c. to America 1820, 1. by Congrega- 
 tionalist; Clove, 1835-8, Roxbury, 1838-40, Sand Beach, 1840-4, Cato and 
 Lysander, 1845-8, Cato and Wolcott, 1848-52, emeritus. 
 
 Knight, AVm. S.S. Moresville, 1841-2, Spottswood, 1846-7. 
 
TIIK MINISTIiV. 127 
 
 Knowlton, Alb. W. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Kingston, 18G0 ; N. & S. Hampton, 
 ISCO^. 
 
 Knouse, Chas. Gcr. Rcf. N.Y.C. 1823-7, Manliattan Ch. N.Y.C. 1829-33 
 w. c. 1802, d. 
 
 Knox, Chs. E. S.S. Utica, 18G0-2. 
 
 Knox, John, b. near ( Jetty sburtrh, IV'.'O, Dick. Col. 1811, studied under 
 Mason, lie. by Assoc. Ref. Pres. Philadelphiii, 1815 ; New- York, 1810-58, d. 
 lie was descended from a chain of pious ancestr}- — Scotch Presbyterians 
 in their relation.s. From childhood, he evinced great conscientiousness, 
 tenderness, and affection, and a strict regard to every duty assigned him. 
 In college he was regarded by all with respect and affection, and the asso- 
 ciations then formed, whether with professors or students, were only 
 terminated by death. In the Associate Reformed Seminar}', among his 
 fellow-students, there arose an attachment which bound them as with 
 clasps of steel, and which became stronger with time. In 181G, he and 
 his classmate. Paschal N. Strong, were called and settled, at the same time, 
 over the church of New-York, and both continued in that single charge till 
 death. For twenty-five j^ears, Dr. Knox was the senior pastor in the Colle- 
 giate Church. His character presented a beautiful harmony and symmetry. 
 There was no peculiar prominence in any trait, so as to obscure and depress 
 others. He was the model of a Christian gentleman. No hurried impulses 
 or warping j^rejudices, no sharp dogmatism, no selfish indifference, pre- 
 vented him from exhibiting, at all times and on all occasions, the calm, 
 equable, humble, and dignified temper of a man who respects himself enough 
 to respect others. Kind without an air of condescension, truthful without 
 an ostentation of frankness, warm-hearted without creduiitj% scrupulously 
 honorable, and punctiliously exact in the use of words and in the perfor- 
 mance of his promises, he won the friendship of those who knew him, and 
 kept that friendship until the last. 
 
 As a preacher, he lacked what is commonly styled eloquence in deliver}-, 
 but his manner had the best element of eloquence — persuasiveness. Never 
 boisterous, never resorting to tricks of art, or follies of pantomime, he pre 
 sented the truth in a clear, bold, convincing, and winning form, so that his 
 success in the high purpose of a Christian minister was far greater than 
 that of more showy and fussy men. The matter of his sermons was always 
 evangelical, and this was the chief secret of his long continuance in one 
 charge, and of his undiminished influence throughout his pastorate. He 
 was a man of disciplined, earnest, and uniform piet}', not swayed by fitful 
 impulses, and fluctuating in its nature, but it was a vital clement in which 
 he lived and moved. It breathed in his spirit, it spoke in his words, and 
 acted in his life. Conscientiousness, simplicit}', and integrity marked his 
 character. He noted times and circumstances, in order to regulate his 
 judgment and course of conduct, but guile was never found in his heart 
 or on his lips. His judgment was sound, carefully trained, and of great 
 practical wisdom. He was not a thcoiizer. Ho was much resorted to as a 
 
128 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 wise counsellor in matters of difficulty and in cases of conscience. In his 
 principles of faitii and duty, he was fixed and unwavering. Of a prayerful 
 spirit, no temptation could swerve him from the faith, or from the path of 
 uprightness. His courtesy, kindness, and urbanity were also great. He 
 was social in his spirit and in his habits. He could mix in the highest 
 ranks of society without embarrassment, while no one knew better how to 
 condescend to men of low estate. Tenderness of feeling appeared to those 
 intimate with him as a striking feature. He was a true son of consolation. 
 In all his multiplied and various duties he was systematic and industrious, 
 and a catholic spirit crowned his character. For more than forty years he 
 dwelt by the side of his ministerial brethren of other denominations in unin- 
 terrupted mutual respect and friendship. In his preaching, he was sound 
 in sentiment, lucid in discussion, bearing the subject practically home to 
 the consciences and hearts of his hearers. His preparation for the pulpit 
 was careful. His manner was serious and bore the conviction of his cordial 
 sincerity. Every reflecting mind and upright heart could not fail to be 
 profited by his ministrations. As a pastor he was eminently attentive and 
 useful. Few have surpassed him in this respect. His visits to the chamber 
 of sickness and in seasons of affliction were ever most grateful and highly 
 prized. He occupied many prominent places of trust in the religious and 
 educational institutions of the day, spending much time and performing 
 much labor in their behalf. There was a tendency to pulmonary disease, 
 yet voyages and care preserved his health, and during his last years he M-as 
 unusually robust and vigorous. Having been engaged in pastoral visitation 
 on a certain day, he returned home and passing on the back piazza, by 
 some misstep he lost his balance, and fell on the pavement below, fractur- 
 ing his skull. After lingering a few days in an unconscious state, he died. 
 His was the greatness of goodness. 
 
 " I -would express him, simple, grave, sincere, 
 In doctrine uncorrupt; in language plain, 
 And plain in manner ; decent, solemn, chaste, 
 And natural in gesture ; much impressed 
 Himself, as conscious of his awful charge. 
 And anxious mainly, that the flock he feeds 
 May feel it too ; affectionate in look, 
 And tender in address, as well became 
 A messenger of grace to guilty man." 
 
 See Br. De Witfs Memorial Sermon. 
 
 Knox, John II. Mason, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. N.Y. 1845 ; Easton, Pa. 1851-3, 
 Presbyt. 
 
 Knox, John P. R.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. KB. 1837; Nassau, 1838-41, 
 Utica, 1841-4, St. Thomas, W.I. 1847-54, (Presbyt. Newtown, L.I.) 
 
 Koopman, H. R. Low Prairie, 1865-8. 
 
 Kriekaard, Adrian, R.C. 18G3, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Holland, 1866 ; Roches- 
 ter, 1866-8, Kalamazoo, 1868— 
 
 Krum, Josephius D. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861 ; Florida, 1861-5, (Seneca 
 Falls Presbyt. 1865—) 
 
THE MINISTRY. 129 
 
 Kuss, Sandusky City, 1855-6. 
 
 Kuyper, A. C. Ebenezer, 18C7 — 
 
 Kuypers, Gerardus Arensc, b. 17C6, in Cura^oa, (son of War. Ivuypers,) 
 
 studied under D. Romeyn and H. Meyer, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1787 ; 
 
 Parannis, 1788-9, New-York, 1789-1833, d. (Also appointed Teacher of 
 
 Heb. 1799.) 
 
 His father removed to this country, when Gerardus was but two 3'ears 
 old. lie was licensed to preach at the early age of nineteen. He was called 
 from Paramus, to preach in Dutch, in the Garden St. church, and he con- 
 tinued to officiate in that language till 1803. He was a modest, retiring man, 
 never seeking popularity. His great desire, in his several duties, was to 
 please his Master. He was a man of the greatest uprightness and sincerity. 
 In his character there was a beautiful symmetry and harmony. Meekness 
 and humility were his prominent traits. The jealousy of superior talent 
 and reputation was a sentiment to which he was a stranger. He was pe- 
 culiarly useful and happy in the chamber of sickness, being a " son of con- 
 solation," rather than a " son of thunder." 
 
 His pastoral gifts and qualifications were excellent — social, affable, cour- 
 teous, kind, bringing comfort into every family which he entered. He was 
 a man of sound judgment, and of taste ; of mildness, yet of firmness, when 
 principle was involved. He possessed a delicate and almost unerring, in- 
 stinctive sense of propriety — a man of peace and prudence, to a proverb. 
 He was generally silent as a member of the church courts, but his opinion 
 when given, was always judicious. For many years he had been regarded 
 by his coadjutors as a living chronicle of past events, and his decision on 
 usages and precedents was final. He was not superior in learning, but an 
 excellent divine and systematic theologian of the Old School. He was also 
 no friend to innovations, in doctrine or usages, and hence by many was 
 considered too cautious and formal. He believed that all true religion must 
 be based on knowledge, and hence he was the enemy of all wild enthusiasm, 
 but he prized highly Christian experience. He considered true pietj'' to 
 consist of communion of the soul with God. In early life, he had been a 
 close student, and read extensively and with profit. But the Bible was his 
 great book of study, and no one was more familiar with its contents. His 
 was the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, as he held on the even tenor 
 of a blameless and consistent life. 
 
 Kuypers, Warmoldus, b. in Holland, 1732, studied at University of Gron- 
 ingen, (in company with "Westerlo, Rysdyck, and H. Meyer,) (Cura^oa, 
 17. .-G8,) Rhinebeck Flats, and S.S. at Upper Red Hook and the Land- 
 ing, 1769-71, Hackensack, (2d) and Schraalenburgh, (2d) 1771-97, d. 
 Mr. Kuypers was settled over that part of the church of Hackensack, 
 which had belonged to the Conferentie party. They remained unrepresent- 
 ed in Classis, after the articles of union between the parties, for fifteen years. 
 He was contemporary for three years with Goetschius, for nine years with; 
 9 
 
130 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 D. Eomeyn, and for nine with Solomon Froeligh. The controversies of the 
 day greatly marred the usefulness and comfort of those servants of God. 
 Their trials were neither few nor small. They also stood aloof from the 
 other section of the community in Hackensack, because of a certain charter 
 which that party had obtained, covering, it is supposed, the church proper- 
 ty, in an ofiensive way. (Froeligh, Goetschius, Curtenius.) Yet Mr. Kuy- 
 pers himself seems to have been a peaceful and quietly-disposed man. He 
 was in his old age, while Mr. Froeligh was in his prime, which was greatly 
 to the disadvantage of his people. He had been separated from his people 
 for five days, with an ample provision on their part to pay him an annuity 
 for life, when he died. Says one concerning him, " As long as I have known 
 him, has he given conspicuous example for imitation, without being inter- 
 rupted by a single transaction over which it is necessary to cast a vail. In 
 short, this is the portrait of the man I love and esteem. Grace without 
 austerity — friendly without dissimulation, and religious without hypocrisy. 
 This cannot be deemed flattery, for my soul abhors it. Frequently has he 
 regretted the state of the church, and trusted that Providence would still 
 the waves of contention, and say, ' Hitherto shalt thou come, and no furth- 
 er.' I have more than once desired him to meet with the Consistory dur- 
 ing the dispute, and his general answer was, 'Trouble I hate. I have great 
 cause to be thankful to Providence for the number of years of my life 
 already past ; but my glass is nearly run, and the bright prospect of a bless- 
 ed hereafter, fast opening to my view,'' The concerns of the temporalities 
 of the church I wish to leave to others !' " — John Van Buren, M.I). 
 
 Kuypers, William Provost,'(s. of Warmoldus Kuypers,) b. at Hackensack, 
 1773, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1792 ; Miss, 
 on Delaware, 1792-3, Paramus, 1793-6, susp. 1797, deposed, 1797, re- 
 stored, 1798. Boonton, 1801-5, (Hempstead, Presbyt. 1805-13,) Miss. 
 in South- West, especially in Texas, and Red River district, 1813-21, w. c. 
 d. 1851. 
 
 Laboring under a misconception, he accused Rev. Solomon Froeligh of 
 defrauding a man on Long Island of a watch, which was explained by his 
 hasty flight when the British entered the Island, allowing no opportu- 
 nity for him to pay for it. This circumstance led to language in a Classical 
 meeting in 1796, which resulted in discipline. Mr. K., with the spirit of a 
 Christian, subsequently acknowledged his error, and was fully restored. 
 Declining health compelled him to abate his labors on Long Island, when 
 he undertook a useful mission to the South-West. Ilis ministry was varied, 
 peaceful, and happy, and the close of his life tranquil and blessed. Devoid 
 of ambition, he lived to do good in his generation. Though an octogena- 
 rian, his mental vigor, sight, and hearing remained unimpaired to the last. 
 His sickness was short, serene, and peaceful, cheered by a steadfast faith, 
 and illuminated by a glorious hope. By them who knew him best was he 
 esteemed the most. 
 
yCyi/0~^^.^-'^-<^ 
 
 (/C^^ 
 
 c^ 
 
THE MINISTRY. 131 
 
 Kuypcrs, Zecliariah II. (s. of WarmoUUis Ku3'pers,)b, at Rhinebcck, IVTI, 
 studied under Livingston, 1. CI. of llackcnsack, 1793 ; Jamaica, New- 
 town, Success, 03'stcr Ba}-, and Lakeville, 1794^1802, Jamaica, Succes.s, 
 Oyster Bay, and Lakeville, 180'2-18, Success, Oyster Bay, and Lakeville, 
 1818-24, Ponds, WyckofF, and Preakness, 1825-41, w. c. 1841-8, emeri- 
 tus, d. 1850, Oct.— See rrime's L. I. 295. 
 
 In his extended field on Long Island, living at Jamaica, he set out from 
 home with his sulky on Friday or Saturday, returning on Monday or Tues- 
 day. He availed himself of the hospitality of his people, and made pastoral 
 visits. lie was fond of his pipe, and told long stories which were eagerly 
 listened to by the children. lie was of a mild temper, unsuspicious, and 
 lacked worldly wisdom. In the pulpit he gave very good sermons from 
 memory, but his mind, absorbed in recalling the words, was not enough at 
 leisure to give emphasis to them also, so that his delivery became monoto- 
 nous and mechanical. In politics he was a Federalist. — II. Oiulerdonl: 
 
 Kyle, Thomas, Salt River, Kentucky, 1804-16, became a Methodist. 
 
 Labagh Ab. L N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. N.Y. 1826 ; Evangelist at Rhinebeck, 
 1826. ., St. Thomas, W. L, 1827-42, Gravesend, 1842-59, w. c. 1865, d. 
 
 Labagh, Isaac, studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by the Synod of D.R. 
 Chs. 1788; Kinderhook, 1789-1800, Canajoharie, Stone Arabia, and 
 Sharon, 1800-3, New-Rhinebeck, and Sharon, 1803-14, Ger. Ch. N.Y.C. 
 1815-22, New-Rhinebeck, 1823-7, Miss, to Utica, 1827-37, d. 
 
 Labagh, Isaac P. (s. of Peter Labagh,) N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 
 1826; Waterford, 1827-30 ? supplied Orchard St., N.Y. 1831-2, Graves- 
 end, 1832-42, w. c. 1842-5, suspended for heresies concerning Second 
 Advent and the Christian Sabbath. Episcopalian. 
 
 Labagh, Peter, b. in New-York, 1773, studied under Froeligh and Living- 
 ston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1796 ; Miss, to Salt River, Kentucky, 1796-7, Cats- 
 kill and Oakhill, 1798-1809, Harlingen and Ne-Shanic, 1809-21, Harlin- 
 gen, 1821-44, w. c. 1844^58, d. 
 
 His ancestors mingled the pious blood of France and Holland. Early in 
 life he removed to Hackensack, and united with the church of Dr. Froeligh. 
 lie undertook the tedious journey of nine hundred miles on horseback, to 
 respond to the call for Gospel service in Kentucky. He there organized 
 the church of Salt River, in Mercer County. At Harlingen, in 1831, he 
 was blessed with a powerful revival. 
 
 He was a man of much more than ordinar}' powers of mind. He was re- 
 markably rapid in apprehension, sound in his judgment, and correct and 
 delicate in his taste ; his faculties were well balanced, and he had a large 
 measure of what is ordinarily called common sense. AVithout any thing in 
 appearance, manner, or voice to recommend him, he was nevertheless a very 
 profitable preacher, especially when he prepared his discourses with some 
 care. He was an earnest .speaker, and had much of the practical and experi- 
 
132 THE MINISTBT. 
 
 mental in his discourses, while, at the same time, his doctrinal statements 
 were sound and scriptural. He was very much at home in deliberative 
 ecclesiastical assemblies, large and small, and exercised great influence in 
 them. He was very much attached to his own denomination, while he felt 
 a deep interest in the welfare of every part of the church of Jesus Christ. 
 He was eminently social and genial in his disposition and habits, far beyond 
 what his expression and manner would seem to indicate. He had a power 
 of sarcasm and satire about him that was rather formidable, and a talent for 
 retort and repartee which it was not easy to cope with. He was widely 
 known in our church, and was greatly instrumental in promoting her inter- 
 ests. He had a large share in the confidence of his brethren in the minis- 
 try. He might have made much more of himself than he did, considering 
 his natural powers and advantages, yet he was a very valuable and useful 
 man and his memory will always be cherished. — G. L. 
 Dr. Bethune writes concerning him : 
 
 " Of Father Labagh's early or even riper years, I know little, and that little 
 only by hearsay — the grateful unanimous testimony of all who had the privi- 
 lege of association with him, to his devotional spirit, fidelity, sagacity, and 
 consistent virtues as a man, a Christian, and a minister. 
 
 " I call him Father Labagh, for by that affectionate name all the members 
 of our Classis, much younger than he, were accustomed to greet and address 
 him. He was our father, to whom we gladly yielded the place of superior 
 authority, whose counsel was at once sought and very seldom if ever, over- 
 borne, in every question of disputed doctrine, method of business, or eccle- 
 siastical policy. His prayers, occasional exhortations, and informal talks, 
 had for us the unction and pleasant authority of the aged disciple among 
 his little children. He resembled, in our minds, the apostle of love, not 
 only in the kindness of his speech, but also in the searching casuistry which 
 he had acquired from a long experience of a Christian and ministerial life. 
 Never arrogant or severe, but ever direct and faithful ; never assuming, but 
 ever thankful for our ready deference, he could not avoid being conscious of 
 the rank we assigned in our fellowship, yet he ever treated the youngest and 
 meekest of us with the respect and sympathy of true Christian friendship. 
 " It was this character that drew me to him, with a love and veneration 
 which increased with every opportunity I had of enjoying his society. 
 Perhaps this very manifest regard for him inclined him to think kindly of 
 me ; for he always treated me so as to make the hours I passed in his com- 
 pany very pleasant and profitable then, and the recollection of them 
 will be cherished while my memory lasts. 
 
 " He had a keen sense of the ludicrous, and often showed it in pointed, 
 epigrammatic sayings, and even in sarcasm, the sharpness of which was 
 relieved by his good humor. He never shrank from the duty of rebuke, 
 which none who received it had a right to be otherwise than thankful for. 
 He read characters with instinctive skill, and was shrewd enough to avail 
 himself of every advantage in an honorable strife ; nor was he disingenuous 
 enough to conceal his pleasure in a plain victory. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 133 
 
 " The special grace of his disposition was its unfading j^outhfuhicss. 
 Wherever he grew old, it was not in his heart. The generosity which 
 moved him to forget himself or his personal power in the advancement of 
 the church, was not lessened but increased by age. lie was always on the 
 side of true progress, never fearful of enterprise or enlargement ; but on the 
 contrary read}', even eager, to give his aid and advocacy to whatever prom- 
 ised increase of usefulness. He grew neither dull, morose, nor pragmatical, 
 but was cheerful as morning, loving the sunshine rather than the shade, 
 and sjmipathetic with the happiness of others, fully appreciating the wisdom 
 of the inspired maxim, that ' a merry heart doeth 'good like a medicine.' 
 Frugal, temperate, and self-regulated, he was as free from asceticism as he 
 was from world-worship. Young people never felt his presence an unwel- 
 come restraint, and conversation was enlivened by his sprightly reminis- 
 cences and witty pleasantries." — See TodiVs Memoir of him. 
 
 Laidlie, Archibald, b. at Kelso, Scotland, 172 7, University of Edinburgh 
 
 (Flushing, Holland, 1759-63) New- York, 1763-79, d. 
 
 He kept a diary of his life, giving us his spiritual experiences. He cared 
 not for outward appearances, for the display of much knowledge, for pole- 
 mics, or for the polish of style and diction, but he was anxious to have his 
 heart thoroughly imbued with the saving influences of the Gospel. He 
 looked upon doctrines chiefly in reference to their heavenly and purifying 
 efficacy. Theory was nothing without practice. Hence he sought to make 
 every doctrine tell on the heart of his audience, by coming from his own 
 heart warmed with the consciousness of the loveliness and worth of the 
 truth. He believed that to be an able steward of the Gospel, one must 
 have sat long at the feet of Jesus, and have drank deep of his spirit and 
 grace. Hence he was one of the most spiritual, practical, and heart-search- 
 ing preachers of his day. His tastes led him to no profound discussions. 
 His amiability kept him separate from polemics. He presented the pure 
 doctrine of Christ with evidences, brief yet clear, noticing extremes and 
 errors, and then cautioning, reproving, advising, and comforting. He pos- 
 sessed a minute and extensive knowledge of human nature, and of the 
 Christian's trials and joys, and he brought forth from his treasury things 
 new and old. He was unusually successful in winning souls. A great re- 
 vival attended his efforts. His manner was plain, easy, and affectionate. 
 He was a faithful pastor. He was humble and grave, bold, persevering, 
 patient of injuries and reproaches, indefatigable, full of charity and cour- 
 teous feeling. On the back of a characteristic sermon, on Ps. 62 : 8, dis- 
 playing great force and richness of Christian experience, a warmth of pious 
 feeling, and a pathos and divine unction unusually instructive and touch- 
 ing, he has written, in his own hand, " Preached in the North Church, 
 Feb. 25th, 1770. N.B. — The Lord was pleased to bless this to many ot 
 God's people. Thanks to his divine goodness ! He leaves us not without 
 a witness." He was the first English preacher in America among the Re- 
 formed from Holland. 
 
134 THE MINISTET. 
 
 He came amid much opposition, on account of the prejudice of many 
 against the English language. Dr. Livingston frequently adverted to the 
 salutary influence which the ministry of Laidlie exerted, not only in his 
 own denomination, but in the cause of religion in the city, Mag. E.D. G. 
 ii. 33-37. His diary, or parts of it, will be found in Mag. R.D. C. iii. 
 Domines Eitzema and De Eonde, with several laymen, were appointed a 
 committee to procure from Holland a minister to preach in English. Their 
 letter and Dr. Laidlie's reply may be seen in Ch. Int. Feb. 19th and 26th, 
 1857. De Eonde afterward, however, sided with the opponents of Eng- 
 lish preaching, in the lawsuit which grew out of it. Dr. Laidlie died of 
 consumption, at Eed Hook, while in exile from the city, on account of the 
 Eevolution. 
 
 Laing, J. Argyle, 1832-3. 
 
 Lane, Gilbert. E.G. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1854; [North- 
 Carolina, as Miss, of Ger. Eef. Ch. 1855-7,] Gallupville and Knox, 1857- 
 60, [Schooley Mountain and Mansfield 2d ; Presbyt. 1860-6 ;] also 
 Chaplain in army, 1864^5, Florida, 1866 — 
 
 [Lange, Charles, Frederick, Md. 1766-8.] 
 
 Lansing, Ab. G. New-Salem and Clarksville, 1858-62, Saratoga, 1862-7, 
 Saratoga and Fort Miller, 18G7-8, Pella, 1868— 
 
 Lansing, Jacob A. b. at Watervliet, 1792, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Schenectady. 
 
 1842 ; Wynantskill, 1842-8, w c. 1856. d. 
 
 It was late in life when he entered the ministry. In his twentieth year, 
 his constitution was shattered by a severe attack of typhus fever, and for 
 twenty-two years he was an invalid. Upon regaining his health, he conse- 
 crated himself to the ministry. He was a plain, practical, pointed, experi- 
 mental, earnest preacher, a man of much prayer, and of irreproachable con- 
 sistency of conduct. The short term of his single pastorate was prosperous, 
 and he was greatly beloved by his people. His mind, while not vigorous, 
 was single in purpose. 
 
 Lansing, John A. U.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1845 ; S.S. 
 Day, 1845-8, Bethlehem 2d, 1848-60, Catskill, 1860-6, Sec. Bd. Publi- 
 cation, 1866 — 
 
 Lansing^ John V. S. Sam. C. 1821, P. 8. 1824, lie. ly secedcrs ; Wynants' 
 and Pooster''s Kill., 1824-6, Tappan and Clarlcstoicn, 1826, w. c. 1826-9, 
 Associate Ref. Blooming dale and White Lake, 1829-32, d.] 
 
 Lansing, Nicholas, b. at Albany, 1748, studied under Westerlo, lie. by Gen- 
 eral Meeting of ministers and elders, 1780 ; Ancram, Stissick, and Liv- 
 ingston Manor, (the latter representing Greenbush, Linlithgo, and Tagh- 
 kanic,) 1781-4, Tappan and Clarkstown, 1784-1830, Tappan, 1830-5, d. 
 In early life he was master of an Albany and New-York sailing-vessel. 
 
 While pursuing this calling, he was brought to the Saviour. He long clung 
 
THE MINISTRY. 135 
 
 to his own rightcousne.ss ; but being led in a' prayer-meeting, under a severe 
 assault of Satan, to feel the corruption of his nature, his pride gave way. 
 Relating this experience, he said, "Then my proud sails came down, and I 
 saw that I must be sarcd by free, sovereign, and unmerited grace." In this 
 grace he was soon led firmly to trust. Almost immediately thereafter he 
 felt himself powerfully drawn to the ministry. In despite of much opposi- 
 tion and very feeble health, he soon began his studies. Ilis phj'sician said 
 he would not reach the pulpit ; but he did reach it, and was spared for a 
 ministerial career of more than a half-century. lie preached regularly till 
 the second Sabbath before his death. He was a faithful, laborious servant 
 of Christ, earnest in regard to his own spiritual life, and deeply concerned 
 for the salvation of his people. He passed much time day and night in his 
 study, fosting much and being much in prayer. He usually spent much 
 of the night, and sometimes the whole night, in praying. His clothing 
 always gave way first upon the knees. In declaring the counsel of God, he 
 never knew a fear of man. Throughout his entire ministry, he devoted his 
 second Sabbath service for six months in each year to the exposition of the 
 Heidelberg Catechism. He was cheerful and pleasant in company, and 
 full of anecdote and life. Yet his conversation was deeply spiritual, free 
 from levity, and of a deeply impressive character. His preaching was 
 adapted to produce, and did produce, the deepest reverence and humility 
 in the hearts of his hearers. It awakened deep conviction of sin, and ear- 
 nest desire for salvation. It stripped off self-righteousness. It led to de- 
 pendence on Christ alone. It taught believers to maintain good works, and 
 to glorify God by a walk becoming the Gospel. Its fruits are still manifest 
 in the families reared under his ministry. Many of his impressive words 
 are even yet, and frequently, repeated by those who heard them more 
 than thirty years ago. A few of his latest sermons were delivered mainly 
 in a sitting posture, though sometimes in his earnestness he would rise 
 for a short time to his feet. "When he did so, his hearers always feared 
 that he would fall, and felt greatly relieved when he resumed his chair. 
 He sat at his last service, having reached the place of worship only with the 
 help of his colleague and a member of his consistory. He preached as if 
 conscious that he was uttering his last public words. He earnestly re- 
 minded his people of his past instructions. " I have never preached to you 
 ' Do and live,' he said, but ' Live and do.' " Recalling how much he had 
 always dwelt upon the nature, the necessity, and the evidences of the new 
 birth, saving faith, true repentance, and a godly life, he repeated what he 
 said was now necessary for them to know for salvation, and earnestly ex- 
 horted all present to attend to the one thing needful. All felt that he was 
 preacliing as a dying man to dying men. The next Friday he was seized 
 with the disease which terminated his life. In his last illness he was con- 
 stantly engaged in prayer, or in giving instruction and counsel to those 
 around him. "Waking from sleep a short time before he breathed his last, 
 he exclaimed, ""We can not know our depravity." Soon after, he fell asleep 
 in Jesus. — D. C. 
 
136 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 He was characterized by great earnestness of manner, and defence of the 
 truth. He was very warm against the rising Hopkinsian doctrines of the 
 day. He was a sound, plain, practical preacher. His illustrations were 
 often quaint. Living at Tappan, on the west side of the Hudson, he said) 
 about the inability of the sinner, " He could no more save himself, than he 
 could take up this church and throw it over into Tarrytown." The church, 
 moreover, was a solid stone structure. He was very hospitable, and warmly 
 welcomed the younger ministry to his house. He preached sitting, when 
 he could no longer stand, at the age of 87. In his last effort he said he had 
 prayed for five times his usual strength, and he had it, for his farewell to 
 his people, when he sank back exhausted. In his last hours he was in- 
 cessantly engaged in prayer, or in singing, or recalling the promises of 
 God.—/. M. 
 
 (Larimore, Jas. Wilson, N.Y.U. 1856, P.S. and U.S. 1859 ; (S.S.) Cold 
 Spring, 1860?) 
 
 [Larose, John Jacob, b. 1755, lie. by Presbyt. of Philadelphia, (?) 1795 ; 
 Guilford Co. N.O. 1795-1804, Montgomery Co. Ohio, 1804-12, organizing 
 the Ger. Ref Chs. of St. John's, 1805, Stettlers, 1806, and Germantown, 
 1809.] 
 
 Larzelere, Jacob, b. 1775, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1796 ; 
 N. and S. Hampton, 1797-1828, d. 1834. 
 
 La Tourette, J. A. M. N.Y.U. 1848, P.S. 1851, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. ; West- 
 field, (now Huguenots,) S.I. 1852-4, Presbyt. 
 
 Lee, Robert P. b. 1808, at Yorktown, N.Y. Dick. Col. 1824, N.B.S. 1828, 1. 
 
 S. CI. N.Y. 1828; Miss, in N.Y.C. 1828-9, Montgomery, 1829-58, d. 
 
 In the Seminary he was a close student He possessed a clear and dis- 
 criminating mind, and a very retentive memory. Familiar with sacred and 
 profane history, he could state facts and dates accurately, and was of more 
 than ordinary attainments. He was noted for his decision of character, and 
 was a great lover and defender of the doctrines of grace. He had a number 
 of fine qualities, which peculiarly distinguished him in the Classis. A man 
 of almost unfailing prudence and practical wisdom, he was the counsellor of 
 surrounding churches, and the arbiter whose advice settled a host of con- 
 gregational and classical diflSculties. His decisions were seldom disputed, 
 and never charged with haste or passion. Hence, his influence as a minis- 
 ter was unusually great, while he was among the most modest of men. His 
 prayers were often spoken of as the simple, earnest, and touching utter- 
 ances of a child of God, and few excelled him in this grace. His sermons 
 were designedly free from the ornaments of rhetoric, but were clear, full of 
 Gospel truth and experience, carefully prepared, well delivered, and impres- 
 sive — often truly eloquent. — C. S. 
 
 Le Fevre, Jas. R.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. Kingston, 1857; Raritan 
 3d, 1857— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 137 
 
 Lehlbacl), Fred. A. From Grand Duchy of Baden, 1850; Newark 3d, 
 1850-Gl, suspended. 
 
 Leste, Jas. R. R.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1850, 1. N. CI. L.T. 1850; Wawarsing, 
 Jan. 1852-4, Rosendale and Blooraingdale, 1855-G3, 18G8, emeritus. 
 
 [Lentz, see Loritz.] 
 
 Lepei.tak, p. R.C. 1862, N.p.S. 1865, 1. CI. Holland, 1865 ; High Prairie, 
 1865 — 
 
 Letson, Wm. W. R.C. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. N.B. 1854; Ghent 1st, 
 1856-64, Gilboa, 1864-8, Amity, 1868— 
 
 [Leydich, John P. b. 1715, c. to America, 1748; Faulkner Swamp and 
 Providence, Pa. 1748-71, (?) itinerated, supplying Upper Milford and Salz- 
 burg, Pa. d. 1784.] 
 
 Leydt, Johannes, b. in Holland, 1718, studied under Frelinghuysen and 
 
 Goetschius, lie. by Coetus, 1748; New-Brunswick and Six Mile Run, 
 
 1748-83, d. 
 
 He was a Hollander by birth, and, with an elder brother, emigrated to 
 this country, settling at first in Dutchess county, near Fishkill, N. Y. His 
 whole ministerial life was spent in one field of labor ; and, while he does 
 not seera to have left any distinct impressions of his pulpit talents, he is 
 represented to have been a very laborious minister. In connection with 
 the organization of new churches, the calling and installation of pastors, and 
 the healing of difficulties in congregations, w'c shall find the name of Mr. 
 Leydt. He took a warm interest in the great conflict which agitated the 
 church, and, as a member of the liberal and progressive party, he com- 
 manded a wide influence. Several pamphlets are still preserved which he 
 wrote during this period, evincing a thorough knowledge of the points in 
 controversy, and showing him to be a man of broad and Christian views. 
 These were answered by Ritzema. At the meeting of General Synod, at 
 New-Paltz, in 1778, he was elected President. During the war of the Re- 
 volution, he was a firm patriot, preaching upon the topics of the day, so as 
 to arouse the enthusiasm of the people, and counselling the young men to 
 join the army of freedom. In the cause of education his efforts were early 
 and devotedly enlisted. He was one of the prominent movers in the or- 
 ganization of Queens, now Rutgers College. Appointed one of the trustees 
 by the charter, he warmly advocated its claims, and gave to this cause his 
 best energies. 
 
 Mr. Leydt is described as a short, stout man, of dark features, very quick 
 in his movements, and in his disposition kind and affable. As a pastor he 
 is said to have been highly esteemed, and to have had a peculiar faculty of 
 drawing around him the young people of his charge. His dress was the 
 classical costume of the times, and in his manners he wf^s a gentleman of 
 the old school. During the early part of his ministry his preaching was in 
 the Dutch language ; in his latter years one half of the services were in 
 English. His sermons were instructive, and always delivered with a full 
 
138 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 voice and an earnestness of manner, that held the attention of his hearers. 
 He was a good man, and much respected beyond his own denomination. 
 His sudden death, at the age of sixty-five, was regarded as a public loss. — 
 H. E. 8. 
 
 Leydt, Matthew, (s. of J. Leydt,) b. 1754, Q.C. 1775, studied under Living- 
 ston, (?) lie. by Gen. Meeting of Mins. and Elders, 1778 ; Belleville and 
 Gansegat, 1779-80, N. and S. Hampton, 1780-3, d. 
 
 Leydt, Peter, b. 1763, (s. of John Leydt,) Q.C. (ace. to Catalogue, 1775, 
 probably, 1785,) studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. 
 Chs. 1788; Ponds, Kakeat, and Ramapo, 1789-93, d. 1796. 
 
 Liddell, John A. b. in Scotland, 1806, Glasgow College and St. Andrew's 
 
 College, 1826, (?) Greenbush, 1830-4, Totowa 2d, 1834-8, Lodi, N.Y. 
 
 1838-48, supplied Cicero, 1848-9, Stone House Plains, 1849-50, d. Also 
 
 supplied Franklin. 
 
 A child of pious parents, and of many prayers, he passed into the king- 
 dom, he knew not when. While pursuing his theological studies, he deter- 
 mined to accept the invitation of an uncle in the United States, to visit 
 America. When he had been here six months, he determined to stay, and 
 make it his home. At Greenbush he was blessed with a large revival, as 
 well as at Totowa. 
 
 He had qualities, as a preacher, which invested his pulpit utterances with 
 more than ordinary power. His sermons were clear, evangelical, pungent, 
 forcible, and simple. He lacked the advantages of an attractive exterior 
 and a graceful action. Yet no one could fail to be convinced that a devout 
 and earnest heart prompted his solemn accents. He excelled in giving 
 touching interest to those occasions when the heart's emotions are excited, 
 and in bringing nigh to the wounded spirit the balm which it craved. In 
 all respects he was a " son of consolation." The very tones of his voice 
 fitted him for this. He was frank and unreserved in his intercourse, true, 
 kind, and afflible, finding delight in social converse. But his nature was 
 sensitive, and he shrunk from conflict, preferring rather to retire, when he 
 should have stood his ground. — C. V. S. 
 
 As a minister, he manifested much of the spirit of his Lord, and loved 
 his work. He was wise to win souls, and possessed the faculty of attach- 
 ing to himself the people of his charge in a peculiar degree. The lambs of 
 the flock were the special objects of his attention. He won their hearts, 
 and then drew them to Christ. It was clear to all who attended on his 
 ministry, that his controlling motive was love to Christ and the souls of 
 men. His appeals to the conscience and the heart were direct and faithful, 
 and often awakening and impressive. There was a fervor and pathos in 
 his manner that touched and melted the hearts of his hearers. His was 
 the glowing ardor of one who stood between the living and the dead, and 
 preached in view of the judgment. In life and death he bore ample testi- 
 mony to the sustaining and consoling truths he preached,—/. R. D, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 139 
 
 LiEBENEAu, M. F. N.Y.U. 1839, U.S. 1S41, 1. 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1841 ; 
 (Xcw-Paltz Landing, 1841-G, Tatcrson, 184G-9, Ncw-Paltz Landing, 1850 
 -07,) Dasliville Falls, 1SG7 — . Also supplies lloscndalc. 
 
 Lillie, James, (Salem Assoc. Ref. 1836-44,) Clove, 1844-5. 
 
 Lillie, John, b. 1812, at Kelso, Scotland, Edinburgh University, 1881, studied 
 privately, and at N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. N.Y. 1S85; Kingston, 1830-41, Pre- 
 sident of Grammar School of University of N.Y. 1841-2, Broadway, after- 
 ward Stanton St. N.Y.C. 1843-8, also odxtor o( Jewish Chronicle^ 1844-8, 
 engaged in Am. Bible Union, 1851-7, [Kingston, Presbyt] 1858-67, d. 
 He early developed a strong inclination for books and stud}', making such 
 progress that he entered the University of Edinburgh in his sixteenth j'ear. 
 Ilis name stood first on a roll of two thousand students, in what was then 
 the most flourishing institution of learning in Europe, and he went forth to 
 his life-work with the testimony that he was the most accomplished scholar 
 that had graduated from that institution in half a century. He carried off 
 eleven prizes. He deliberated between the bar and the pulpit, choosing the 
 latter. He entered a divinity school in his native land, where, having re- 
 mained a couple of years, he travelled in England, and, in the summer of 
 1834, came to America, and spent a year in the New-Brunswick Seminary. 
 He succeeded the venerable Dr. Gosman, at Kingston, unsurpassed in his 
 day for eloquence, influence, and popularity. Yet he maintained his posi- 
 tion, and established himself in the esteem and admiration of the communi- 
 ty. But his principal labors were in the American Bible Union. Ilis mark- 
 ed qualifications for scholarly work led to an invitation to him to occupy 
 this important position. Here he made his crowning acquisitions in Bibli- 
 cal scholarship. His revisions and translations of the Thessalonian Epistles, 
 the Second Epistle of Peter, those of John and Jude, and the Revelation, 
 won him the highest encomiums from the most competent critics, for the 
 elegant and masterly scholarship displayed. In 1858 he again settled, now 
 over the Presbyterian Church of Kingston, and while there, delivered those 
 lectures on the Epistles to the Thessalonians, (published here in 18G0, and 
 afterward in Scotland,) which stand as a monument to his ability and in- 
 dustry as a critic and a scholar, and which, with his other scholarly works, 
 secured to him the doctorate from the University of Edinburgh. His last 
 contribution to scriptural exposition was the translation, enlarged and en- 
 riched by his own learned and valuable additions, of the commentary on 
 the Epistles to the Thessalonians, as part of the share assigned him in the 
 American edition of Lange's great German Commentary, and with which he 
 also closed his life. He was suddenly prostrated, in the very prime of his 
 powers and usefulness, and, after four brief days of unconscious illness, he 
 died. 
 
 He was of a truly catholic spirit. His preaching was clear, direct, in- 
 structive, using great plainness of speech, yet in a style marked by an ex- 
 quisite and even fastidious taste, adorned and illustrated by the treasures 
 of profane and sacred learning, and delivered with the solemn emphasis and 
 energy of a conscious ambassador of Christ. He was of a strong native 
 
140 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 modesty, almost approaching diffidence, which held him back from position 
 and eminence in the public eye, which a more confident and self-asserting 
 nature would have claimed and held as a right. But in the freedom of pri- 
 vate relations, the native beauty of his character stood revealed. There 
 was a noble frankness and manly truthfulness about him. Open and sin- 
 cere, without deceit or subterfuge, he was a true and trusty man. He was 
 a firm and outspoken opponent of Southern slavery a generation before its 
 overthrow, and when it was universally and disastrously unpopular, and 
 hardly safe to be an abolitionist. He was a millenarian in his views. This 
 struck the key-note of his preaching, colored his conversation, and tinged 
 his fervent and heavenly prayers. — Memorial Sermon hy Rev. W. Irving. 
 
 Lindsay, D. South- Africa, 1840-2, independent. 
 
 Linn, John Blair, 1. CI. Albany, 1798; (Philadelphia Presb. 1799-18. ..) 
 
 Linn, Wm. b. in Pennsylvania, 1752, C.N.J. 1772, 1. 1775 ; chaplain in Am. 
 army, .... .(Presbyt. Ch. in Pa. 17. .-84, prin. of academy in Somerset 
 Co. Md. 1784-5, Elizabethtown, 1785-7,) New- York, 1787-1805, (sup- 
 plied Albany, occasionally, 1805-6,) d. 1808. 
 
 His eloquence was of a most ardent and impassioned kind. In his mis- 
 sionary and charity appeals he was eminently successful. His glowing ima- 
 gination conceived his object vividly, and his language, of which he had 
 an astonishing command, painted it to the minds and imaginations of his 
 audience in such a manner that he often produced effects similar to what 
 are said to have taken place under the preaching of Massillon and 
 Bourdaloue. On special occasions, his performances were master-pieces. 
 His eloquence would send a thrill of joy or a shivering of horror through 
 his audience, at times, so that they would suddenly start up and look 
 around them. In his gleaning sermon, as it was called, in behalf of the 
 parochial school of the Collegiate Church, he extracted about eleven 
 hundred dollars. This at the opening of the present century was wonder- 
 ful. Yet it was more his manner, than what he said. 
 
 His natural talent was excellent ; his acquired knowledge respectable ; his 
 disposition amiable. To a stranger he seemed reserved and austere. The 
 subjects of his discourses were generally very practical. He loved to exalt 
 the Saviour, and the burden of his discourses was to direct even the chief 
 of sinners to the cross of Christ. He was always deeply impressed with 
 the importance of his work, and dealt faithfully with the souls of his people. 
 His exhortations were earnest, pathetic, persuasive, and alarming. He was 
 a true and fast friend to his country. He took a warm interest in the 
 politics of the day, which gave offence to those who would eliminate re- 
 ligion from politics. His complaints of disease were thought to be imagi- 
 nary by his friends, but the sad event proved their reality. 
 
 LippiNcoTT, Benj. C. R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.Y. 1850 ; Hurley 
 1850-66, also S.S. at Marbletown, 1851-66, Clarkstown, 1866— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 141 
 
 [Lischy, Jacob, ordained 1743, by the members of the Union movement, as 
 an evangehst. Eastern Pennsylvania, 1743-4, York, Kreutz' Creek, 
 Conewago, and Bcrmiulian, 1745-57, 1760 susp. d. 1781.] 
 He was converted in his fourteenth year, and soon fell in with the 
 Moravians. lie was greatly taken with their sweet teaching concerning 
 reconciliation, and the lovely harmony which seemed to reign among them. 
 In their company, he came to America, (1741.) By birth and education, he 
 was one of the Reformed Church. Ilis position in America was a long 
 time doubtful. He was empowered by the Moravians as a Reformed 
 preacher, and yet seemed to claim to be one of the Moravian brethren. He 
 was at last compelled to declare his position — Reformed. He was, how- 
 ever, of a catholic spirit, believing that all the truly pious are one in 
 Christ, and should be one in zeal and cooperation, for the general good of 
 his kingdom. Hence he was earnest in the Union movement of the day. 
 He held his Eefonned predilections, subordinate to the Lldon, which, how- 
 ever, by the withdrawal of the Lutherans ^nd Reformed, as Muhlenberg 
 arrived in 1742, and Schlatter in 1746, to organize their distinct com- 
 munions — became almost wholly Moravian. This placed Lischy at length 
 in an apparent attitude of duplicity, which compelled him to withdraw 
 and declare his principles. 
 
 Being a close, warm-hearted, gifted, and approved preacher, he received 
 many calls to settle, but preferred for a long time the life of an evangelist. 
 He came in conflict with Mr. Boehm, (Boeum,) who, under the Classis of 
 Amsterdam, opposed the Union movement, on account of some of its 
 tenets. He published a caustic pamphlet, and used the papers vigorously 
 against Lischy. The latter found it very difficult to keep on good terms 
 with both the Reformed and the Union movement, now under Moravian 
 control. After an interview with Schlatter, 1747, he permanently left the 
 Union, and declared himself Reformed. Twice he resigned at York, but 
 was each time re-called, until in 1756, after the death of his wife, he became 
 guilty of a scandal with his maid-servant, whom he also married, for 
 which he was driven away, and ultimately suspended. He continued, ir- 
 regularly, to preach till his death. 
 
 Little, Elbridge Gerry, C.N.J. 1845; Manayunk, 1848-50. 
 
 Little, Jas. A. . . .Canastota, 1861-2. 
 
 Livingston, Edward P. R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Monmouth, 1855 ; 
 Griggstown, 1855-8, Bushnell, 1858— 
 
 Livingston, Gilbert R. b. at Stamford, Ct., 1786, U.C. 1805, studied un- 
 der Perkins, of Ct., and Livingston, lie. by Hartford Assoc. 1811 ; Cox- 
 sackie, 1811-26, Philadelphia, 1826-34, d. 
 
 He was of the celebrated family of Scotch Livingstons, of which Prof. J. 
 H. Livingston also came. His field at Coxsackie was very laborious and 
 extensive, and required a most vigorous constitution to bear the labor in- 
 cident to it. But his labors abounded. He enjoyed while there three re- 
 
y 
 
 142 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 vivals, the last especially extensive, bringing three hundred and seventy- 
 three into fellowship with the church, (1821.) About six hundred were 
 added to this church under his ministry; in Philadelphia, about three 
 hundred. His life was strictly devoted to the glory of God. He pursued 
 this object with diligence and zeal, and it was manifest that his heart was 
 in it, so that he produced an unusual impression on the public. Yet his 
 piety was never obtrusive, but modest, humble, and retiring. 
 
 He was never a rigid student, nor what might be called a ripe scholar. 
 He was always actively engaged in distributing at once what he could 
 gather, as food to hungry souls. The character of his preaching was rather 
 pungent and forcible, than eloquent and persuasive. The object at which he 
 most habitually aimed was to make Christians active, and to make sinners 
 bow to the Lord's sceptre, under the conviction that they had rebelled 
 against him. Perhaps he was not sufficiently aware of the importance of 
 enlarged Christian knowledge to right and efficient action, and that some 
 who cannot be driven to submission by the force of conviction may yet be 
 drawn by the power of affectionate persuasion ; still he was among the most 
 efficient and successful preachers of the Gospel. 
 
 His religion was benevolent and expansive. His heart was engaged in 
 every thing which had for its object the dissemination of divine truth, the 
 glory of God, and the salvation of men. Hence he was the active friend of 
 every great enterprise of Christian benevolence and practical Christianity. 
 After he lost the power of speech, from cancer in the mouth, he wrote to 
 the teachers of his Sabbath-school, entreating them to be faithful in their 
 trust of the little ones, impressing anew their responsibility on their 
 minds. In a similar manner he wrote to those who sustained the prayer- 
 meetings, and the monthly 3oncert, and to individuals. — Funeral Discourse 
 ly Rev. 0. C. Guyler. 
 
 Livingston, Henry G. (s. of G. R. Livingston,) b. 1821 at Coxsackie ; Phila- 
 delphia 3d, 1849-55, d. 
 
 Livingston, John H. b. at Poughkeepsie, 1746, Y.C. 1762, University of 
 Utrecht, 1769, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1769 ; New-York, 1770-1810; (during 
 Revolution, at Kingston, 1776, Albany, Nov. 1776-9, Livingston Manor, 
 1779-81, Poughkeepsie, 1781-b ;) also Prof. Theology, 1784-1810, in 
 New-York and at Flatbush ; Prof. Theology and Pres. Queen's Coll. in 
 New-Brunswick, 1810-25, d. 
 
 He was ambitious to enter the legal profession, and pursued the study 
 of the law for two years, but his health failing, he relinquished it. This 
 gave him opportunity for reflection, and he was brought to Christ. After 
 a time he resolved to devote himself to the ministry, and he chose to pre- 
 pare for the Dutch Church in preference to the Presbyterian or Episcopal, 
 chiefly because of the sad dissensions then existing among the Dutch, 
 which he felt it his duty to try to heal. He even felt in his heart that 
 Providence would make him the instrument to accomplish these results. 
 (Historical Intkoduction.) 
 

THE MIXISTRY. 143 
 
 lie spent the winter of ITHo-O in New-York, and greatly cnjoj-ed the 
 society of Domine Laicllie. He sailed May 12th, ITOO, for Holland, to pre- 
 pare for the ministry. He was the last of the American youth who went 
 to Holland for this purpose. In Holland he made many warm friends and 
 was himself greatly respected. "While there he was called to become the 
 second English preacher in the Church of New-York. He now presented 
 himself before the faculty of the University of Utrecht for the degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity. He passed through the severe ordeal, conducted in 
 the Latin language, and subsequently wrote and published a dissertation 
 on the Sinaitic Covenant in the Latin language, and defended it. 
 
 When he arrived in this country, he was prctJminently the peacemaker 
 between the parties. He at once took a high stand as a minister, and was 
 honored of all. He had few superiors. In the Revolution he was a warm 
 patriot, praj'ing fervently for his country's cause. Upon his return to the 
 city, after the triumph of freedom, he found himself the only pastor of that 
 large church organization. Elected also at the siime time as Professor of 
 Theology, he had more than double duties to perform. The church in 
 which he officiated generally had three or four ministers as colleagues. For 
 three years he remained the sole pastor. Yet during this period he 
 received more than four hundred on profession of their faith. But his 
 extensive labors almost broke down liis health. In 178G, he received a 
 colleague in Dr. Linn, and three years later another in Rev. G. A. Kuypers. 
 He spent his summers, after 1786, for several years on Long Island, 
 whither his students followed him, returning to the city in the winter. He, 
 in connection with Drs. D. Romeyn and Westerlo, were the moulding 
 minds of the denomination. They prepared the Constitution from the arti- 
 cles of Dort and the articles of Union. Dr. L. also prepared the first hymn- 
 book for the churches. In 1794, Synod recommended him to remove his 
 Divinity School to Flatbush, on account of too high board for the students 
 in the city. This he did in 1790, but it lasted for only one j'ear, when the 
 Synod, to the wounding of the Doctor's feelings, ceased all efforts in behalf 
 of the Professorship.* (Theological Seminary.) He still, however, con- 
 tinued to teach. In 1810, after forty years' service in the ministry and 
 twenty-six in the Professorship, (the latter without compensation,) he 
 broke all the ties he had formed in New- York and removed to New-Bruns- 
 wick, because the Synod requested it, to open his seminary in connection 
 with Queen's College, the Presidency of which he also took. This move was 
 only made from a stern sense of dutj^, and was, as he himself declared, al- 
 most like martyrdom. Here for fifteen years he continued his labors. 
 Nearly two hundred students were trained under his instructions during 
 the fift3--four years of his ministrj'. He was making sacrifices all his life 
 for the prosperity of the Church. He lived to sec her firml}'- established 
 and her Professorships nearly endowed. Without any human appoint- 
 
 * The cause of this is not apparent. It may have been owing to the French KevoluUon 
 and pecuniary difficulties therefrom resulting. 
 
144 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 ment, he was the acknowledged and cheerfully accorded Bishop of the de- 
 nomination. (See Gunn's Life of Livingston.) The following is an origi- 
 nal characterization : 
 
 From the beginning of his course he was a distinguished man and an 
 honor to the denomination to which he more particularly belonged. His 
 presence was always and in all places impressive, commanding, and digni- 
 fied, and his dignity had nothing affected about it. It was not any thing 
 extraneous, but an essential part of the man, of his mental and bodily 
 structure. He must have been dignified as a child, as a boy, as a young 
 man, as well as in his maturer years. He was tall and erect — erect to the 
 last day of his life. His step was deliberate yet elastic. He wore the 
 antiquated costume of which an ample wig, of almost snowy whiteness, was 
 a very conspicuous part. He carried a staff, but it did not seem necessary 
 to his support, for his step was firm, steady, but was carried simply be- 
 cause such an appendage was suitable and becoming to one of his years 
 and position. His expression of countenance was serene, benevolent, with 
 a slight dash of the aristocratic about it — a dash not assumed, but natural 
 and not disagreeable, for every one that knew him seemed to admit that he 
 at least had a right to it. As a preacher, he stood very high, and it was 
 regarded as a great privilege to have an opportunity to hear him. His 
 preaching was in every respect peculiar to himself, and such as became 
 him and no one else. He loved to descant on a very comprehensive pas- 
 sage of Scripture, and sometimes an unusually extended one. He dealt 
 much, in exposition, in what is called the textuary mode of handling a 
 Scripture passage and subject. But the abundance of material did not 
 seem at all to embarrass or encumber him. He had great skill in selecting 
 what was best suited to his purpose and then in arranging it, and there 
 was a surprising unity in his discourses, however many parts they might 
 embrace. That which would in discourses formed by some men be a 
 number of dissertations but slightly connected, was by him so skillfully 
 managed as to form one whole, making one impression on the mind — a 
 distinct, full, and ineffaceable one. His style was a model of clearness, 
 plainness, liveliness, directness. He practised the colloquial — the dignified 
 colloquial, not the affected and puerile — and advised his students to culti- 
 vate it. His manner in the pulpit was his own especially. He had great 
 variety in posture, tone, expression of countenance, and gesture. He 
 seemed to loathe any thing like monotony. His gesticulation would have 
 been deemed extravagant in any one but himself. It partook very much 
 of the pantomimic ; but no one objected to it in him, because in him it 
 seemed to be becoming. In the professorial chair he had great excellence. 
 The measure of theological lore which he secured and brought away from 
 the halls of old Utrecht in her palmy days was very large. His excellence 
 as a theological teacher did not lie in the vigorous treatment which he gave 
 to a few prominent, important, favorite topics of theology, but in the com- 
 prehensive, clear, systematic view he gave of the whole and of every part 
 of that science. The whole of it was mapped out in its various compart- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 145 
 
 merits, and the relation of eveiy part was shown to every other part dis- 
 tinctly. Thus every part threw liglit upon every other part — a liglit which 
 could not have been thrown upon any part if viewed and treated separately 
 from any other. And if to this you add that a full, clear, precise defini- 
 tion was given to every doctrine and fact embraced in the system, and that 
 the student was required to make liimself at home upon all this, any think- 
 ing, unprejudiced man can appreciate the advantages attending such a 
 course of instruction and the high ability of the man that carried it out into 
 effect. The pupils of Dr. Livingston were not required merely to furnish 
 their memories with theological truth, but to exercise their judgments and 
 reasoning powers upon what they had gathered from their wise, good, and 
 faithful instructor. Ilis pupils, when they issued from the seminary, were 
 not finished, acute, profound theologians ; it was not expected by their 
 instructor or an}^ reasonable man that they should be such. He, however, 
 laid a foundation large and firm, and it was left to them in their after life 
 to build upon it a proportional superstructure. If they did not, it was 
 owing to their indolence and negligence, not to any defects in their previ- 
 ous course of instruction. All honor to one who did so much for the 
 church and her ministr}'. Let him be held in grateful, afTcctionate, ever- 
 lasting remembrance. {See his Memoir, tij Gunn.) — G. L. 
 
 Lloyd, Aaron. R. C. 1842, N.B.S. 184.5, 1. CI. Bergen, 1845; Gorham, 
 1846-7, (Phelps, Presbyt., 1848-50,) Livingston Ch. N.Y.C. 1S51-.3, Miss. 
 at Hudson, N.J. 1853-5,White House, 1855-G, Pekin, 1857-00, w. c— 
 
 [Lobitz .... 17..] 
 
 Lockhead, "Wm. Cohoes and Waterford, 1838-9, New-Rhinebeck and Cobles- 
 kill, 1839-43, Cobleskill, 1843-4. 
 
 Lockwood, L. R. Princetown, 1833-4. 
 
 LocKwooD, Samuel. N.Y.U. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.Y. 1850; Cortland- 
 town, 1850-2, Gilboa, 1852^, Keyport, 1854— 
 
 [Loppius, Canajoharie, (1770-17. .) ? probably the same as Ludwig 
 
 Lupp, who died in 1798, aged 65, Tercent. Monument, p J 
 
 Lord, Daniel, N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. Bergen, 1847; Piermont, 1847-50, Jersey 
 City 1st, 1850-51, "Warren (or Henderson.) 1851-6, Nyack, 1856-GO, 
 Henderson, 1860-4, Petrie, (S.S.) 1867. 
 
 Lord, Jer. S. N.Y.U. 1836, U. S. 1839, 1. 1st Presbyt. N.Y. 1839 ; Montville, 
 1840-3, Griggstown, 1843-7, Harlem, 1848—1869, d. 
 
 [Loritz or Lentz, came to America 1784. Tulpehocken, Swatara, and Hei- 
 delberg, 1784-G, returned to Europe.] 
 
 Loritz, .... (same as above ?) N. & S. Carolina, 1789-1812, d. 
 
 LoTT, Henry Ray, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. N.B. 1859. 
 10 
 
146 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 LoTT, John S. E.G. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. Bergen, 1858; Franklin, 1859- 
 65, Middleburgh, 1865— 
 
 Lowe, John C. R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.B. 1858 ; Oyster Bay, 1859- 
 63, Rotterdam 1st, 1863— 
 
 Lowe, Peter, b. at Kingston, 1764, studied under Livingston, 1. by the Chris- 
 tian Synod of R.D. Chs. I'r87(?) Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, Bushwyck, 
 and New-Utrecht, 1787-1818, d. 
 
 He was born of humble but respectable parents, and at the age of twelve 
 was deeply impressed with religion. In early youth he was very fond of 
 reading, and acquired knowledge easily. lie possessed a generous and affec- 
 tionate heart, his piety being blended with civilities and benevolent attentions 
 to his fellow-men. Religion in him was neither loose and heartless, nor tied 
 down to forms and show. He was social in his disposition, pleasant and 
 friendly in his looks, agreeable and interesting in conversation, having the 
 happy faculty of mingling gracefully pious reflections therewith. He was 
 meek and peaceful in his temper, modest and unassuming, ever seeking to 
 be more entirely alienated from the world, and more fully conformed to 
 Jesus. Hence by those unacquainted with him, his real powers were not at 
 first appreciated. He was also of industrious habits, of a candid and liberal 
 spirit. He labored with fidelity and zeal, speaking to the heart and con- 
 science, firmly reproving the obstinate, tenderly consoling the aflflicted, and 
 teaching from house to house. He died of cancer. The last Sabbath of his 
 life he spoke during the whole day to the multitudes who visited him. So 
 solemn were his words, so impressive, persuasive, powerful, and even elo- 
 quent, that he seemed like one inspired. In reply to his friends, who asked 
 him of his feelings, he said, " I am comfortable, my soul rejoices. Jesus is 
 kind to me. I enjoy much of his divine presence ; I hope soon to see him." 
 He was a pattern of humility and Christian affection, in honor preferring 
 others to himself. — Van Pelfs Sermon. 
 
 Ludlow, Gabriel, U.C.n8l7, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820; Ne-Shanic, 
 1821— 
 
 Ludlow, James M. New-York, 18G8 — 
 
 Ludlow, John, b. at Aquackanonck, 1793, U.C. 1814, studied theology with 
 Rev. Andrew Yates and at N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817 ; New-Bruns- 
 wick, 1817-19, Prof, of Heb., Ecc. Hist., Ch. Gov., and Past. Theology, in 
 N.B.S. 1817-23, Albany 1st, 1823-34, Provost of the University of Pa., 
 1834-52, Prof, of Ecc. Hist, and Ch. Gov. in N.B.S. 1852-7, also Prof. 
 Ment Phil, in Rutgers Col. 1852-7, d. 
 
 His most striking characteristic was strength. His person was strong. 
 His frame, large, firmly knit, and commanding, rose before you 
 like a column on which no ordinary weight of public burden 
 might be safely laid. His countenance was strong. The fines of 
 thought and decision were deeply traced, his eye clear and almost stern, 
 and the whole expression so settled and firm, even in his fresh years, that 
 

 
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THE MINISTRY. 147 
 
 many were surprised when his age was announced at his death, because 
 the}' could not remember liiin ever but as a dignified, ripe man. 
 
 His voice was strong. AVith difficulty he restrained it from what in an- 
 other would have been vocifcrousness ; but when his earnest soul burst 
 through such caution, its tones thundered through the largest edifice, com- 
 manding the most distant hearer, and oflcu overpowering those who sat 
 nearer to the pvdpit. No one who looked upon him and heard his Boa- 
 nergic eloquence doubted his strength. 
 
 I lis intellect was strong. Culture and convictions of taste smoothed 
 some of its ruggedness, and his living heart pleaded through his massive 
 sentences, yet neither fancy nor grace was largely found in his qualities. 
 Bat his grasp was vigorous, his logic direct and determined, crushing the 
 superficial scrablancy of sophistry or art ; and his analysis was more like a 
 sledge hammer wielded by an arm such as his own, dashing the material 
 apart, than the keen dissection of a subtle wit. He was impatient of all 
 between him and the truth, but the truth when he reached it, as he did 
 quickly, he held fast to with a muscle no human hand could take it from. 
 
 His will was strong. The prompt energy of his convictions and the 
 humility with which he obeyed well-ascertained principles made him de- 
 termined, because he was sure. He rarely undertook a measure in which 
 he consented to fail; and if he did fail, it was not until he had exhausted 
 all his forces. 
 
 His affections were strong. If those who looked on his muscular frame 
 and hard features, or heard his stentorian voice, or were beaten down by 
 his unadorned argument, or strove in vain against his inflexible purpose, 
 thought him to be in temper harsh and in spirit unkindly, they knew him 
 not To his friends, to all who approached him in social life or sought his 
 counsel and sympathy, he was gentle, and kind, and considerate. The peo- 
 ple to whom he ministered iu his several charges, or in occasional services, 
 found a well of sympathy in his heart for all their troubles and anxieties. 
 The young students never left him after a personal interview for advice, or 
 even rebuke, without a sentiment of filial gratitude and esteem ; while in 
 his family, as a host, as a father, as a husband, his memory is one of un- 
 mixed love and tenderness, and most watchful delicacy. 
 
 "When such a man came under genuine religious influences, it is not sur- 
 prising that he should be strong in faith. He owned no authority in doc- 
 trine or morals, but the word of God, and to that he bowed with unhesitat- 
 ing reverence and a child-like simplicity. No man could shrink more than 
 he did from mingling his own prejudices or speculations with the pure wis- 
 dom from on high ; but that which he received on the Divine testimony, he 
 frankly professed, earnestly taught, and fearlessly adhered to. His doc- 
 trinal views on the atonement were very clear and decided ; his practical 
 apprehension as firm and cheerful. He spoke rarely of his inner experience, 
 and then with unfeigned humility and thankfulness for the grace which 
 was given him. His theology was very grave, resembling nearly that of 
 the most Evangelical Reformers and the fathers of our Reformed Churches. 
 
 So also was he strong in the virtue which is the fruit of faith. He loved 
 
148 THE MINISTET. 
 
 his Master, his Master's cross, his Master's example, and his Master's will. 
 Therefore for his Master's sake did he love all men, especially the house- 
 hold of faith. His truthfulness was remarkable. He was honest as the 
 day, and as generous as he was honest. He chose ever the most liberal 
 policy, and inclined to the mostcharitable judgment. Hence fidelity in his 
 duties and friendship was a distinguishing trait of his life in all his relations. 
 Practically wise, and of unusual foresight in calculating contingencies, he 
 was one of the best of counsellors, though sometimes failing through his 
 unwillingness to think evil of men. His life was pure, grave, calm, consist- 
 ent, industrious, and kind. He was vigorous when controversy was de- 
 manded, and resolute in urging sound policy, despite of opposing minds ; 
 and he could not therefore avoid some rude shocks and sharp assaults. — 
 From Memorial Sermon ty G. W. B. 
 
 Lupardus, Wilhelmus, Flatbush, New-Utrecht, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bush- 
 wick, and Gravesend, 1695-1702, d. Doc. Hist. iii. 94. 
 
 [Lupp, Ludwig, (see Loppius,) b. 1733, lie .about 1770-5 (?) ; Lebanon and 
 
 Lancaster Co. Pa. 1786-98, d.] 
 
 At first he was a schoolmaster, and after a while read sermons to the peo- 
 ple, conducted prayer-meetings, and gave exhortations. He was thus engaged 
 as early as 1772, in Cumberland Co., Pa. He was considerably advanced 
 in age when he received regular ordination. The exact date of licensure 
 can not be ascertained, owing to loss of early Coetal minutes. Though not 
 of regular education, he was a well-read man, and acquainted thoroughly 
 with the Bible. He was untiring in his pastoral labors to promote piety 
 among his people. 
 
 Lupton, Brandt Schuyler, C.C. 1788, studied theol. under Livingston, lie. 
 by Synod of Ft. D. ^Churches, 1788 ; Lansingburgh and Waterford, 1788 
 -9, d. 
 
 LusK, Matthias, B.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1833; Jersey City, 1833-48, w. c— 
 
 [Luther, Western North-Carolina, 1780- . .] 
 
 Lyall, Wm. b. in Scotland, 1798, c. to America about 1835, (Miss, in Cana- 
 da, 1835-.., in Newark, — , in Riverhead, 18. .-43,) Kiskatom, 1843-7, 
 (Presbyt. 1847-51,) Taghkanic, 1851-65, Miss, to the freedmen in Charles- 
 ton, S.C. 1865-6, d. 1868. 
 
 He had been an attendant on the lectures of the late Dr. Chalmers, while 
 in his native land, of whom he was an enthusiastic admirer. He was learn- 
 ed in theology, critical as a Biblical expositor, familiar with the original lan- 
 guages, conversant with books, and possessed of a retentive and ready me- 
 morJ^ His Christian experience was deep, rich, and joyous. 
 
 Lydekkcr, Garret, b. in America, 1729, C.N.J. 1755, studied under Ritze- 
 ma. Kails, and Goetschius, lie. by Conferentie, 1765 ; suppUed North- 
 Branch occasionally, 1767, English Neighborhood, 1770-6— a tory, fled 
 
THE MINISTRY. 149 
 
 to New-York, and finally to England. lie died at his son's house, at 
 Pentonville, P]ng. 1704. 
 
 Lydius, Johannes, Schcncntady and Albany, 1700-9, also Miss, to Indians, 
 d. 1710. See Doc. IlUt. iii. 538-541, iv. 734. 
 
 Lyell, Jame?, N.B.S. 1803, d. 
 
 Mabon, John S. b. 1784, in Scotland, U.C. 1800, taught in Erasmus Hall, 
 1800-7, in Brooklyn, 1810-11, N.B.S. 1812, 1. CI. N.B. 1812; tutor in 
 Union Col. 1814-15, Rector of Grammar School, in New-Brunswick, 1815 
 -25, teacher in Morristown, 182G-S, of a select school, in Brooklyn, 1828 
 -80, temporary Prof, of Hebrew, 1818-10, d. 1840. 
 
 Ilis parents belonged to the Secession Church in Scotland, and he was 
 reared amid associations and influences favorable to an early acquaintance 
 with divine truth. At the age of nine, he became the subject of deep and 
 abiding religious impressions, which, diligently cherished, gave a prominent 
 and consistent religious complexion to his character, and a steadiness and 
 uniformit}', in his Christian course, which afterward ripened into the matu- 
 rity of grace. While a boy, his parents emigrated to America, and settled 
 at Florida, N.Y. 
 
 He was a most diligent student, especially in the languages, searching 
 the original Scriptures. His habits were evidently and eminently devoted, 
 and the truths he investigated and embraced were brought by him in the 
 application of their experimental virtue. Ardently as his soul had de- 
 sired the ministry of the Gospel, and gratified as he would have been in the 
 prosecution of it, he was induced to devote himself to the instruction of 
 youth, from the consideration that, with a slender constitution and feeble 
 voice, his usefulness might be impeded or shortened, and also hoping that 
 his training fitted him for instructing. As a teacher, he was industrious 
 and devoted, active and thorough. His constitution was naturally frail, and 
 he was, more or less, a sufferer during a great part of his life. For his last 
 fifteen years, he was the victim of a bronchial consumption. But he was a 
 man of faith and of patience. He possessed great simplicity and integrity 
 of character, was most conscientious, firmly adhering to his convictions of 
 duty. He was an Israelite in whom there was no guile. His yea was yea, 
 and his nay was nay. He was a devout man, meditating on the word of 
 God with constant study, and continuing instant in prayer. Ilis many 
 trials contributed to the culture of his spiritual life. 
 
 Mabon, Wm. V. V. (s. of J. S. Mabon,) U.C. 1840, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. Ber- 
 gen, 1844; Miss, to Buffalo, 1844-0, New-Durham, 1846— 
 
 Macal-ley, Joiix M. U.Pa. 1834, P.S. 1837; South Dutch, N.Y.C. 1837- 
 Gl, w. c. 
 
 Madoulet, J. B. Burlington, 111. 1853-5. 
 
 Mair, Hugh. From Presbyterian Ch. of Scotland, Miss, to Argyle and Fort 
 Miller, Jan. 1820, Northumberland, 1829-1831, Johnstown, 1831. 
 
150 THE MINISTEY. 
 
 Major, John W. U.C. 1850, P.S. 1853, (Caledonia, N.Y.) Boght, 1860-4. 
 
 Mancius, Geo. Wilhelmus, Schraalenburgh and Paramus, 1730-2, Kingston, 
 
 1732-56, or 59, died Sept. 6th, 1762. 
 
 He was strongly opposed to the efforts for the independence of the Ame- 
 rican Reformed Churches, and was unwilHng to recognize the acts of Coetas 
 as valid. When the student Leydt, by authority of Coetus, wished to ex- 
 ercise his gifts in the neighborhood of Kingston, he was denied permission 
 by Mancius. Yet he himself, on another occasion, had ordained Fryen- 
 moet to the ministry. Indeed, he never became reconciled to Coetus, al- 
 though he once sent in charges to that body against Domine J. H. Goet- 
 schius ; but they were not entertained. He also took sides with Arondeus 
 in the Long Island dispute, and when the Coetus split, at the proposition 
 to form a Classis, in 1753, he attached himself to the Conferentie party. 
 He was the immediate predecessor of Domine Meyer, of Kingston, and it 
 has generally been represented that Meyer's practical and evangelical 
 preaching, in contrast w-ith what they had been accustomed to, was one 
 cause of Meyer's troubles in Kingston. But it is claimed by the friends of 
 Mancius that his MS. sermons, left behind him, show this to be untrue ; 
 that these prove him to have been a faithful, learned, industrious, and 
 zealous preacher of the Gospel — one who did not fear to declare the whole 
 counsel of God ; that it w-as, on the other hand, his opposition to an illite- 
 rate ministry and to heresy, his independence in reproving vice, and his 
 general zeal and fidelity, which induced certain of his enemies to misrepre- 
 sent him. Between him and Meyer there was, of course, never any dispute, 
 as Meyer did not arrive in America till the year after Mancius died, and a 
 daughter of the latter united with the church under his successor. Domine 
 Mancius left 420 members in full communion in his church, which argues 
 great success. 
 
 Mandeville, Garret, b. 177., studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. N.Y. 1796; Ro- 
 chester, "\Yawarsing, and Clove, 1798-1802, Caroline, 1802-4, (Ithaca, 
 Presbyt. 18.. -15,) Beach Woods, 1824-6, Berkshire Valley, 1826-8, 
 Six Mile Creek, 1828-31, w. c. 1831-50, emeritus, d. 1853. 
 
 Mandeville, Giles H. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.Y. 1851 ; Flushing, 
 1851-9, Newburgh, 1859— 
 
 Mandeville, Henry, b. at Kinderhook, 1804, U.C. 1826, N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. 
 Albany, 1829; Shawangunk, 1829-81, Geneva, 1831-4, Utica, 1834-41, 
 (Mobile, President of Hamilton Col. Mobile, 1841-9, also Prof, of Moral 
 Phil, and Rhetoric, in Hamilton Col. 1841-9, Albany, Presbyt. 1850-4,) 
 d. 1858. 
 
 He was one of the most able and successful ministers of the church. In 
 his first charge, he at once gained a hold on the affections of the people by 
 his zeal, eloquence, and piety, and a revival followed the labors of his first 
 year. Indeed, he left no charge where his departure was not deeply re- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 151 
 
 gretted, ami from which he did not go with the sincere love of those to 
 whom he had ministered. 
 
 As a teacher of elocution, he won a brilliant reputation for himself, and 
 for Hamilton College. The system he intioduced formed the basis of a 
 style of oratory so natural, graceful, and effective, tliat it became an attrac- 
 tive feature in the course of that institution. 
 
 As a preacher he had few superiors. He invested every theme he touch- 
 ed with new and striking charms. Ue delighted to linger about the cross; 
 he loved to lean on his Saviour's bosom ; Christ and the cross were ever 
 held up to the contemplation of his hearers. As a pastor he was most at- 
 tentive and faithful. He labored and prayed for his people, and his efforts 
 were crowned with the divine blessing. 
 
 He was a man of universal vigor of intellect, indomitable perseverance, 
 and great tenacity of purpose. His work on elocution, embracing a com- 
 plete and elaborate analysis of English sentences, and, indeed, of language 
 in general, is a witness and monument of these qualities. — G. S. 
 
 Manlev, John, R.O. 1828, N.B.S. 1831, 1. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Manheim, 1881 
 -3, Saddle River and Pascack, 1834-54, Saddle River, 1854-66, w. c. 
 
 Manley, "VVm. I. CI. N.Y. 1Y98; Miss, to Susquehannah River Region, 17. . 
 -1800, supplied Cortlandtown and Peekskill, 1800-G, d. 
 
 Mann, Alex. M. R.C. 1827, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. N.B. 1830; Ithaca, 1831-7, 
 West-Troy, (S.S.) 1837, Poughkeepsie, 1838-57, Hoboken, 1858-61, (Tru- 
 mansburgh, Presbyt.) 18G2-5, w. c. — 
 
 Manning, John H. R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. N.B. 1847.; Spotswood, 
 1847-54, South-Brooklyn, 1854— 
 
 Marcellus, Aaron A. b. at Amsterdam, N.Y. 1799, U.C. 1826, N.B.S. 1830, 
 1. CI. N.Y. 1830; Lysander, 1830-1, Schaghticoke, 1831-4, N.Y.C. Man- 
 hattan, 1834-G, Prin. of Lancaster Academy, Pa. 1836-9, Freehold, 1839 
 -51, teaching in N.Y.C. and Williamsburgh, 1851-6, Greenville, 1856-9, 
 teaching in Bergen, 1859-60, d. 
 
 He made no pretensions to superior abilities, but his discourses were full 
 of Christ, ever abounding in the great doctrines of the faith, while his pub- 
 lic prayers had the unction of the Holy One. His bodilj^ infirmities were 
 many, frequently interrupting his ministry. Yet he had not a few seals of 
 his ministr}', and some encouraging revivals. He was a cheerful and happy 
 man, under all his trials maintaining consistency of life, and aiming at fideli- 
 ty to his trust. 
 
 Marinus, David, studied in Penn.sylvania, lie. by Coetus, 1752 ; Aquacka- 
 nonck and Poinpton Plains, 1752-6, Aquackanonck, Totowa, and Pomp- 
 ton Plains, 1756-73, Kakiat, 1773-78, suspended ; 1780, deposed. Also 
 supplied Fairfield, 1756-73. 
 
 Makkle, Josiah, R.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. Albany, 1857 ; (Chester, 
 
152 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Prcsbyt.) 1857-8, Samsonville, 1858-01, Dashville Falls, 1862-4, Ganse- 
 voort and Northumberland, 1864-5, Gansevoort, 1865-8, vv. c. 
 
 Marseiais, Nicholas J. U.C. 1810, N.B.S. 1815, 1. CI. N.B. 1815; Green- 
 bush and Blooming Grove, 1815-22, Greenwich, (N.Y.C.) 1822-58, w. c— 
 
 [Martin, . . . ., "Western North-Carolina, 1759,] 
 
 Marvin, Uriah, U.C. 1835, P.S. 1847, lie. by Presbytery of Troy, 1846; 
 Union Village, 1848-55, Greenwich, 1855-8, Nyack, 1860— 
 
 Mason, Ebenezer, (s. of John M. Mason,) b. in N.Y.C. 1800, C.N.J., P.S. 
 
 1825, 1. 1825; Brooklyn, 1826-7, (Sixth A v. N.Y.C. 1827-8, Blooming 
 
 Grove,) 1848-9, d. 
 
 He early displayed a docile temper, and a quick and susceptible mind, 
 whose powers were subjected to the careful training which so eminent a fa- 
 ther as Dr. J. M. Mason would seek to secure for a son. He accompanied 
 his father to Europe in 1816, while still a lad. When settled in Brooklyn, 
 conscientious scruples concerning the subject of baptism, according to the 
 usage of that church, led him to resign his charge. In his new enterprise, 
 in Sixth Avenue, N.Y.C, he exerted a powerful influence for good, though 
 his pastorate was short. He remained many years after this without a pas- 
 toral charge, making two journeys to Europe, and, on his last trip, seeking 
 to establish an American chapel in Paris. (McClure.) 
 
 Mild and retiring, he interfered with the self-love or advancement of none. 
 He was one of the most amiable of men, quick to sympathize, and prompt 
 to aid ; so that, while many warmly loved him, none could be his enemy. 
 His mind was of a highly reflective cast. Fond of investigation and discus- 
 sion, without reckless speculation, he often suggested thoughts and present' 
 ed views, especially on theological subjects, which were rare, and worthy 
 of careful examination. As a sermonizer, his style was somewhat on the 
 beaten track, and, without aflfectation or obscurity, certainly had the merit 
 of considerable originality. Yet his fancy had hardly been cultivated with 
 that degree of attention which its vast importance, as an aid in the elucida- 
 tion and enforcement of truth, demands; and hence, his preaching, though 
 greatly interesting and instructive to the thoughtful Christian, failed in a 
 measure to produce that glow and excitement in which mingled audiences 
 delight. His natural modesty, moreover, unwillingness to seem obtrusive, 
 diffidence of his own powers, and a slight indistinctness of articulation, in- 
 terfered with his advancement to prominent positions which his temper, 
 his endowments, and his acquisitions abundantly fitted him to adorn. 
 
 (Mason, John, S.S. Hurley, 1834-6.) 
 
 [Mason, John M. b. in New-York, 1770, C.C. 1789, studied under his father, 
 he. Assoc. Ref. Ch., N.Y.C. Cedar st. 1793-1810, Murray st. 1811-21, 
 Provost of Columbia Col. 1811-16, Prof, of Assoc. Ref. Sem. 1801-21, 
 Prin. of Dickinson Col. Pa. 1821-4, d. 1829.] 
 He w^as the son of Rev. John Mason, pastor of the Cedar street Presby- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 153 
 
 terian church in New-York, from 1701-92. He had come over from Scot- 
 land, belonging to the Anti-burghers there. His son (the subject of this 
 sketch) succeeded his father in his pastoral charge. Many of the minis- 
 ters of the Reformed Church were educated under him. Hence these few 
 lines. 
 
 In his early days he was a sprightly j'owtli, full of vivacit\', but never 
 vicious, fond of study and foremost among his associates. He was the 
 child of many prayers, and at the early age of ten, his religious impressions 
 were deep. He obtained an accurate knowledge of the Greek and Hebrew 
 tongues. In 1701 he went to Scotland, to attend lectures in the University 
 of Edinburgh. Here his mind and manner began to assume that peculiar 
 mould which they afterward took ; and here the foundation was laid for 
 that easy and manly eloquence, for which he afterward became famous. 
 He took charge of the Cedar street church after the death of his father, and 
 in a few years issued a series of letters on " frequent communion," urging 
 the churches, which had generally been in the habit of celebrating the 
 Lord's Supper only twice a year, to celebrate it every two or three months. 
 He also urged greater simplicity in the celebration of the ordinance, and 
 argued against the expediency of days of fasting and thanksgiving. In 
 1801, he opened his Theological Seminar)^ having digested and matured its 
 plan, and having been appointed by thft Associate Reformed Synod their 
 Professor. For its prosperity he labored and sacrificed much, and perse- 
 vered in his successful endeavors to uphold and extend it as long as his 
 health and the vigor of his mind enabled him to continue the work. He 
 spent a year in Europe in procuring a library for it. During five days in 
 each week he attended to his classes in college, from twelve till half-past 
 one ; then he met his theological students at two, and remained with 
 them till half-past, three; and also employed a part of Saturday in hearing 
 and correcting their discourses. All this labor he performed in addition to his 
 extensive pastoral duties. But even his peculiar vigor of body and energy 
 of mind could not sustain such severe mental exertion long. In 1816 his 
 health began to fail, and he took a voj'age to Europe, spending a 3'ear. He 
 then resumed his duties, but in 1819 had a slight paralytic stroke, whose 
 effects seemed to pass away. But in a few months it was repeated. After 
 a vacation of six weeks he was again found at his post, and continued till 
 the memorable Sunday of Feb! 27th, 1820. He had labored under mental 
 depression for a week before. He began the services and was engaged in 
 his exposition. But he found himself unable to proceed, and raising his 
 hand to his head, he burst into tears, and informed his congregation that 
 the disorder under which he had been laboring had so impaired his mental 
 powers that he could not continue. But eight months after he again began 
 to officiate, and continued for a year. A change of scene was then sought 
 by taking charge of Dickinson College, but in three years he found himself 
 compelled to resign on account of the state of his health. He spent the 
 last five years of his life among his friends in New- York, when another 
 paralytic stroke hastened his death. He reached the age of sixty. 
 
154 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Power was his attribute ; power of intellect, power of feeling. He was 
 capable alike of the sublimest thought and the deepest pathos. There was 
 majesty in his personal appearance. His figure was erect, his countenance 
 beaming with intelligence. He was a master of his theme, and master of 
 language. He illustrated and adorned his position with the most rich and 
 glowing imagery. He possessed the power of doing what he pleased with 
 his audience. He never spent his strength on unimportant topics. He 
 wanted first to get rid of the vices in the world, and to this end Christ cru- 
 cified was the means. He had studied man as well as the Bible, and knew 
 the avenues to the heart. He possessed great tenderness of feeling, exqui- 
 site sensibility. Yet he was often obliged to defend himself from the at- 
 tacks of envy or malignity. He was generous to a fault, possessed great 
 intrepidity of character, was liberal in his views toward others, though 
 strongly attached to his own confession of faith. He was unsurpassed as 
 a Biblical critic, and expounder, and instructor of youth. Gradually was 
 he reduced in health, until for the last five years, retired from the busy 
 scenes of life, he spent his time in communings with his Saviour. Nearly 
 one hundred young men were trained by him for the ministry. 
 
 Mathews, John R. N.Y.U. 1859, N.B.S. 1862. Einscopalian. 
 
 Mathews, James M. b. in Salem, N.Y. 1785, U.C. 1803, Assoc. Ref. Sem., 
 1807, 1. Assoc. Ref. Presbyt. N.Y. 1807; Assistant Prof, in Dr. Mason's 
 Sem. 1809-18, supplied South Dutch, Garden St. N.Y.C. 1811-12, pastor 
 of South Dutch, 1812-40, Chancellor of University, 1831-9, w. c. 
 
 Mattice, Ab. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1862 ; Miss, to 
 Kewascum, Wis. 1862-4, Eden, 1864-6, Prof, of Ancient Langs, and Ma- 
 thematics, in Riverside Seminary, Germantovvn, N.Y. 1867 — 
 
 Ma}'-, Edward H. b. 1795, Hoxton Coll. and Sem. London, Eng. 1815, 
 
 [Bary Lane, 1815-.., Rochford, Essex, Corydon, Surrey, ] 
 
 Northumberland, 1835-6, Northumberland and Schuylerville, 1836-9, 
 Twenty-first street, N.Y.C. 1839-48, Sec. Col. Soc. 1848-9, Sec. Sea- 
 men's Friend's Soc. 1849-57, d. 1858. See Presbtjt. Hist. Almanac, 1860, 
 204. 
 
 Mayou, Joseph, R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI 1858 ; voyage to India, 
 
 Dec. 1858-Ap. 1859, Arnee, 1859-62, Gingee Station, 1862-3, Sattan- 
 bady and Arnee, 1863-5, Arnee, Vellambi, Aliendal, and out-stations, 
 1865— 
 
 McCartney, Geo. Rensselaer, 1849-57, Northumberland and Gansevoort, 
 1857-63, d. 1864. 
 
 McClelland, Alex. b. at Schenectady, 1796, U.C. 1809, studied under 
 Mason, lie. by Assoc. Ref. Pre.sbyt. 1815 (N.Y.C. Rutgers St. Presbyt. 
 1815-22, Prof, of Logic, Metaphysics and Bel. Let. in Dickinson Col. 
 1822-9, Prof, of Langs, in Rutgers Col. 1829-32, Prof, of Evidences of 
 
Gym oyfUl 
 
 lingraved £y H B Haill fi-om a Daguexreolv; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 155 
 
 Christianity in Rutgers Col. 1840-51, Prof, of Oriental Langs, and Lit. 
 in New-Brunswick Scm. 1832-51, d. 1864. 
 
 He was remarkable for the keenness, breadth, and force of his mind. He 
 had the faculty of concentrating all his powers on a given subject. What- 
 ever he undertook, he was iotns in ■illis. Ilis robust intellect abhorred 
 vagueness, guesswork, and skimming over the surface of a subject. lie 
 spared no pains, and was rewarded with corresponding success. 
 
 Few men in the pulpit were so widely popular, among all classes, as he 
 was. He preached the old Gospel, but it was with ever new freshness 
 and force, and with an individuality of statement and application peculiar 
 to himself. Much was due to the brilliancy of his flashing eye, the mani- 
 fold resources of his sonorous and musical voice, the naturalness and energy 
 of his whole action in the pulpit, all of which were greatly enhanced by his 
 habit in early years of speaking memofiter. The whole discourse was so 
 thoroughly mastered that he obtained the ai'S celare artem, and uttered his 
 words with as much freedom as if they were born of the moment. Voice 
 and manner were wholly unconstrained, yet they were perfectly adapted 
 to the occasion. But these alone would never have produced the effect 
 always wrought by his efforts. He was clear, connected, and thorough 
 in his treatment of a subject. He was powerful in statement, having the 
 instructive gift of putting the right word in the right place. Often his 
 utterances were as pregnant as those of Bacon in the Essays. For ex- 
 ample, to set forth the impossibility of our Maker's being ever under in- 
 ducement to depart from the truth, he said, " Power never lies." 
 
 His extensive reading furnished him with a range of illustration not often 
 equaled in breadth and appropriateness, and his fine imagination gave him 
 a singular power of reproducing the past or the distant, for the present im- 
 pression of his hearers. His topics covered the whole range of homiletics ; 
 but whatever the theme, the arrangement was lucid, the argument logical, 
 the style clear as crystal, the main point held steadily in view, and at 
 times, when the occasion prompted, a burst of eloquence carried the whole 
 audience captive. 
 
 His prayers were noted for simplicity, humilit)', reverence, and the apt 
 and abundant use of Scripture phraseology. His reading of the word of 
 God was an intellectual treat. "Wliat distinctness of utterance, what power 
 of expression, what variety of tone, what profound reverence of manner ! 
 " Come, boys, let us go up to prayers this evening, and hear Dr. Mac read 
 Job," used to say a theological student to his comrades. 
 
 But his fame as a preacher was far outstripped by his success as a pro- 
 fessor. Every student felt and showed the influence of a teacher whose 
 own enthusiasm enkindled that of the class, and made the abstrusest and 
 dryest of themes attractive. He gave young men the mastery over their 
 own minds, imparted the secrets of mental discipline, and instead of stor- 
 ing them with acquisitions, put them in the way of making acquisitions for 
 themselves, while life should last. He was an unequalled teacher of He- 
 brew. Hardly a young man could graduate from the New-Brunswick 
 
156 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Seminary without being well grounded in that language. He also taught 
 them how to read, study, and think. Even the dullest minds he roused as 
 with the blast of a trumpet. 
 
 In exegesis he was masterly. The ordinary canons of interpretation he 
 explained and enforced with power, but the varied capacities of his mind 
 were best exhibited in commenting upon the great apostle, or on Isaiah. 
 His logical acumen was grandly developed while dealing with the former, 
 while in the case of the latter, the sympathy of his own soaring genius with 
 the eloquent seer, enabled him to enter into, and display the full force of 
 those lofty oracles. He had infirmities of temper, which were greatly 
 aggravated by the inroads of disease. Dullness in his pupils was most an- 
 noying to him. He read the English Bible for devotion, lest this use of it 
 should be absorbed in the current of his critical investigations. He talked 
 instructively and suggestively on- every topic, and at times with deepest 
 feeling on matters of experimental religion He was the author of a volume 
 entitled, " Canon and Interpretation of Scripture," a pamphlet on " The 
 Marriage Question," and two discourses, the one on a " Standing Ministry, 
 the other, "A Vindication of the Religious Spirit of the Age." A volume 
 of his sermons has been published since his death. 
 
 McClure, Alex. Wilson, b. in Boston, 1808, Y.C. and A.C. 1827, A.S. 1830 ; 
 
 (Maiden, Mass. 1830-41, St. Augustine, Florida, 1841-4, Ed. of Christicni 
 
 Olservatory, 1844-7, Maiden, 1848-52,) Jersey City 1st, 1852-5, Cor. 
 
 Sec. Am. and For. Ch. Union, 1855-8, Chaplain at Rome, Italy, 1856, 
 
 d. 1865. 
 
 He was great-grandson, on his mother's side, of Rev. John Morehead, 
 first Presbyterian minister at Boston. His fondness for reading was re- 
 markable from his youth. During the last term of his senior year in col- 
 lege he was a very marked subject of a powerful revival, and he at once 
 devoted himself to the ministry. His labors in his first charge were largely 
 blessed and the church greatly strengthened. In Florida, he also labored 
 among the military then stationed there with great assiduity, and also in a 
 general way in the cause of temperance, until the guard-house became 
 nearly useless. A number of the soldiers who afterward fell in the Mexi- 
 can war were the happy subjects of converting grace through his labors. 
 He was chosen to succeed Dr. Baird in the American and Foreign Christian 
 Union. At the great anniversaries in London and Paris he represented 
 this Society. He secured, after great labor, the erection of the chapel in 
 Paris for Protestant worship. (Mason, E.) In March, 1859, while at Rut- 
 land, Vt., he was suddenly attacked by asthma and disabled from active 
 labors. 
 
 He was a frequent writer for the press. The Life-Boat : an Allegory, 
 Foitr Lectures mi Ultra Universalism, Lives of the Chief Fathers of Neio- 
 England, in two volumes. The Translators Revived, are some of his publi- 
 cations. Very much of the matter in the Observatory was from his pen, 
 and half a dozen of the articles in the Neio-Brxmswich Review. The article 
 
THE MINISTRY. 157 
 
 on " Native Depravity'' in the Literary and Theological Review was also 
 from his pen. 
 
 lie was a man of great and varied learning, a true scholar. He knew 
 something valuable in every department of knowledge, while in many 
 things he went deep. Bacon's Kocxim Organon was familiar to him, and 
 works of that class were comprehended by him with wonderfid facility. 
 No man ever had a greater range of illustrative incidents in history and 
 in literature generally, and they fitted so aptly for his purpose that they 
 seemed created for his use. lie had a supcrabounding wit. His conver- 
 sation sparkled with brilliant remarks, keen satire, playful imagery, quota- 
 tions from almost every source, especially the sayings of great and good 
 men among the ancients, and a vivid perception of the false and wrong, with 
 an unsparing delineation of it, together with a brinnning admiration of what 
 was excellent ; all this made him a most agreeable and profitable compa- 
 nion. His friendships and personal attachments were very ardent ; he 
 was a faithful, disinterested friend ; he never shirked duty ; and when his 
 presence and influence were needed in adversity, he was as bold as a lion 
 in defending those who were unjustly assailed, while he could in a masterly 
 way and by a few words expose the pretentious, and lay bare a sophism. 
 
 He was also trul}' a devotional man. Listening to his facetiousness, 
 which would keep a company excited with mirth, one would be greatly 
 struck, on hearing him pra)"-, with the deep reverence and awe, and the 
 earnest supplicatory tone of his prayer. He was a godly man, a. sound 
 divine, a trenchant controversialist, (as witness his unparalleled Lectures 
 on Unicei'salism, a theological classic, unanswered and unanswerable, 
 solemn, mirth-provoking, severe, good-natured, argumentative, and full of 
 incident ;) and withal he was truly a Christian gentleman. Marvellous 
 were his sufferings during many years ; but God had chosen him in the 
 furnace, and there are few who have been better prepared to appreciate and 
 enjoy the holiness and bliss of heaven. — Dr. N. Adams, in Boston Eccorder. 
 
 McClure, John, N.B.S. 1822, 1. CI. N.B. 1822 ; Spottswood, 1822-5, d. 
 
 McDowell, Robt., lie. 1790 ; Bay of Cante, Canada, 1798-1800, Adolphus- 
 town, Earnest-town, and Frcdericksburgh, Canada, 1800-20. He was 
 general Miss, of Classis of Albany in the north. ^ 
 
 McEcKKON, Geo. M. Poughkcepsie, 1858-GG, N.Y.C. Presbyt. 1868— 
 
 McFarlane, Jas. Bloomingdale and Rosendale, 1843-5, Canajoharie, 18-1:5- 
 8, English Neighborhood, 1849-55, Esopus, 1855-Gl. 
 
 McGregor, Ed. R. N.Y.U. 1843, from 2d Presbyt. N.Y. 1854 ; Livingston 
 Ch. N.Y.C. 1855, Presbyt. 
 
 McKee, Jos. West. Ch. Sixth Av. N.Y.C. 1852-8, d. 18G3. 
 
 McKelvev, Alex. R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.B. 1858 ; Irvington, 
 1858-GO, Totowa 1st, 1860-5, Coxsackie Landing, 18G5-G, Rector of 
 Grammar School, New-Brunswick, 186G-7, Greenpoint, 18G7 — 
 
158 THE MINISTRT. 
 
 McKelvey, John, N.B.S. 1827 ; Miss, to Argyle, Fort Miller, and Wilton, 
 1827, Niskayuna and Amity, 1827-30, deposed, 1831 ; at Port Hope, 
 Canada. 
 
 McLaren, Malcolm N. U.C. 1824 ; Brooklyn Central, 1847-50, Newburgh, 
 1850-9. 
 
 McLean, Chs. G. From Presbyt. Newcastle, 1844 ; Fort Plain, 1844-51. 
 McLean, Robt. From England, 1822 ; Miss, in the neighborhood of Broad- 
 way and Canal St. 1824, Broome St. N.Y.C. 1824-6, returned to Great 
 
 Britain and preached in Liverpool, d. 1850. 
 McMurray, Wm. b. in Salem, 1784, U.C. 1804, tutor in U.C. 180G-7, 
 
 I.Assoc. Ref. 1808; (Lansingburgh, 1808-11,) Rhinebeck Flats, 1812- 
 
 20, N.Y.C. Market St. 1820-35, d. 
 
 Few have evinced a greater purity, loveliness of character, "consistency, 
 and fidelity in every part of Christian and ministerial duty, and few have 
 displayed a more instructive, peaceful death-bed. An affectionate confi- 
 dence and respect from the whole community centred on him, and he died 
 lamented and honored by all. 
 
 His parents were eminent for their piety and wished him to preach the 
 Gospel, and much of his superior ripeness in piety was derived from that 
 unction which pervaded the walk and conversation of his parents. Discre- 
 tion, soundness of judgment, a sweet and soothing influence in his manners 
 and conduct peculiarly his own, were prominent characteristics. His power 
 was often felt, not only in calming the troubled mind, but in scenes of de- 
 bate ; where warmth of argument was rising too high, his voice would fall 
 like oil to calm the rising tempest. He was kind toward all, 'affectionate 
 to those he loved, and thus qualified peculiarly for usefulness among the 
 young of his flock whose hearts were allured to religion by his friendly 
 smile.. Of his death, says Dr. Matthews : " I never saw a death-bed scene 
 of such varied joys, such wonderfully enlarged views of divine truth and of 
 the promises which reveal it, such an entire superiority to every earthly 
 tie and feeling. His spirit often seemed to have soared away so far toward 
 heaven as to have lost all view of earthly cares, and to be waiting with its 
 eyes fixed upward, and upward only, for the signal that would call it to its 
 heavenly home." 
 McNair, John L. R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. S.C. L.L 1853 ; Oyster Bay, 
 
 1853-5, Marbletown, 1855-9, Acting Sec. Bd. Ed. 1859-60, Marbletown, 
 
 1860-7, Miss, pastor at Fulton St. Ch. N.Y.C. 18G7— 
 McNtil, Archibald, united toith Secedcrs, 1823, Owasco, 1823-3.., Odd, 
 
 183..— 
 McNeish, David, b. in Scotland, 1820, R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 
 1844 ; Centrevillc, Mich. 1844-6, Centreville and Constantine, 1846, 
 
 Constantine, 1846-9, South-Bend, 1849-52, Constantine, 1852-4, d. 
 
 Educated by the beneficence of the church, he determined to go and 
 labor just where the church might send him. He was sent to the Western 
 field, where he spent his life, sometimes engaged in building up new 
 
THE MIXISTRY. 159 
 
 churches and sometimes infusing new life into old. ITis record is written 
 in alternate trials and triumphs, discouragements and successes. lie 
 endured hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. lie was emphatically 
 a sustaincr of his hrcthrcn. AVhcn some were disposed to give up the 
 AVestcrn field, his zeal burned the more intensely for it. His mental abili- 
 ties were of a high order, lie was a close and acute observer, quick in his 
 perceptions, and clear and discriminating in his views. His mind was com- 
 prehensive and versatile, and his temperament ardent, impulsive, and de- 
 cided. His qualities were of that positive order which always give promi- 
 nence both to a man's virtues and failings. He was no cold speculator in 
 morals or theology, but a practical, common-sense, warm-hearted man. 
 His views of the great system of Gospel truth were broad and deep. His 
 preaching was solid and practical, argumentative and persuasive. His 
 early natural eloquence, developed into a genuine and soul-moving oratory, 
 was wielded in the pulpit with great power. It was perfectly characteristic 
 of the man, now moving on with stormy energy, and again subsiding into 
 sweet-toned strains of touching eloquence. In the pulpit, there was a 
 pervading, awful solemnity, which made the hearers feel that it was no 
 light thing to appear before a holy God. He delighted in those truths of 
 the system of grace which are the strong meat of the ripe believer. His 
 preaching was full of Christ, uncompromising toward error, faithful to the 
 cross, tender to the sinner, comforting to the believer, and the earnest 
 utterance of his own warm heart. 
 
 McWiLLiAM, Alex. U.C. 1850, Assoc. Ref. Sem. now United Presbyt. at 
 Newburgh, 1854, 1. by Presbyt. of Caledonia, 1854; [Graham Ch, Assoc. 
 Ref. 1855-61,] Walpeck, 1861— 
 
 Mead, Corn. S. U.C. 1841, Aub. S. 1844, 1. Presbyt. of Cayuga, 1844; 
 Rotterdam 1st, 1844-9, Herkimer Village, 1849-59, Chatham, 1859— 
 
 Mead, Elias, R.C. 1867, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Meeker* Stephen H. C.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, I. CI. N.B. 182-1'; Bush- 
 wick, 1825-30, Jersey City, April-Oct. 18-30, Bushwick, 1830— 
 
 Meerwein, Otto, Frederick William's College, Berlin, Germany; U.S. 1868, 
 1. by 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1868; Philadelphia 5th, (at Kensington,) 1868— 
 
 Megapolensis, Joannes, b. 1603; (^V ieringerwaard, 1634-.., Schoorel and 
 Berge, 16.. -42;) Rensselaerwyck, 1642-9, New- Amsterdam, 1649-69, 
 d. 
 
 He was the son of a minister in Koedyk, Holland, of the same name. 
 He came over under the patronage of the Patroon of Rensselaerwyck, en- 
 gaging himself for six years. His expenses over ■were to be paid, and he 
 was to receive a salary of one thousand guilders. It was also stipulated 
 that he should befriend the Patroon in every possible way. The call was 
 approved by the Classis of Amsterdam, and he arrived, with a number of 
 emigrants, in August, 1642. He soon exerted a visible influence in re- 
 straining the immoralities of frontier life. He was instrumental in saving 
 
160 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Father Jaques, a Jesuit missionary, from the extremity of torture and pro- 
 bable death at the hands of the Mohawk Indians. Father Jaques had been 
 captured while ascending the St. Lawrence. The Dutch at once sought to 
 ransom him, but w-ere refused. At first the Indians despised his zeal ; 
 but after some months they began to listen to his teachings, and some 
 were baptized. They took him with them to Fort Orange. While there, 
 a report was received that the French had defeated the Mohawks, and the 
 Dutch commander advised the missionary not to risk their vengeance by 
 returning, but now to effect his escape. He remained in close concealment 
 for six weeks. Domine Megapolensis was his constant friend, and saw 
 him safely embarked for New-Amsterdam, whence he proceeded to Europe. 
 He subsequently returned to Canada and visited the Mohawks, by whom 
 he was now put to death. 
 
 Megapolensis also learned the heavy language of the Mohawks, so as to 
 be able to preach to them fluently. A number of them united with his 
 church in Albany. He was the first Protestant missionary to the Indians, 
 preceding by several years John Eliot, in New-England. In 1644, he 
 wrote a tract on the Mohawk Indians, which was published in Holland in 
 1651. It is now to be found in iV. Y. Hist. Col. iii. Stopping at New- 
 Amsterdam on his way back to Europe, he was prevailed on bj'^ Governor 
 Stuyvesant to remain there, that that colony might not be left destitute of 
 ministerial service, Backerus having just left. While here he exhibited 
 an intolerant spirit toward the Lutherans and Independents. The West- 
 India Company enjoined him not to be too precise on indifferent matters, 
 which rather tended to create schism than to edify the flock. In 1658, he 
 was visited by Father Le Moyne, a Jesuit, who spent the winter in New- 
 Netherlands. A warm friendship grew up between them. He afterward 
 carried on a correspondence with him, when he returned to Canada, on 
 controversial topics. To prevent effusion of blood, as they had no ade- 
 quate means of defence, he strongly advised Stuyvesant to surrender when 
 the English demanded it, in 1664. He was a man of thorough schdarship, 
 energetic character, and devoted piety. He saw the infancy of the Dutch 
 province, watched its growth, and saw its surrender. The original form of 
 the family name was Van Mekelenburg, which was Hellenized into Mega- 
 polensis when his father came into Holland, becoming minister at Egmont 
 on the sea, and afterw^ird at Koedyck and Pancras, in North-Holland. 
 
 The following epitaph was written by Domine Selyns : 
 
 GRAAFSCHRIFT. 
 
 Nieuw-Nederlandcr schreyt, 
 
 En spaert geen tranen, want 
 Megapolensis leyt 
 
 (Zuyl van Nieuw-Nederlandt) 
 Hier uyt syn voile leden. 
 
 Syn onvermoeyde werck 
 Was bidden dag en nacht, 
 
 En yv'ren in Godts kerck. 
 Nu rust hy, en belacht 
 
 Des weerelts ydelheden. 
 
THE MINISTKY. IGl 
 
 New-Netherlander, weep. 
 
 Check not the pushing tear. 
 In perfect shape doth sleep 
 
 Meg;ipolensis here — 
 New-Ncthcrland's great treasure. 
 
 His never-tiring work 
 Was, day and night, to pray. 
 
 And zeal in th' Church exert. 
 Now let him rest, where may 
 
 lie scorn all worldly pleasure. 
 
 Mcgapolensis, Samuel, (s. of John Mcgapolensis,) b. 1634, Utrecht Uni- 
 versity, 1059, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1G59; New-York and Brooklyn, 1604-8, 
 returned to Holland, (Wieringerwoord, 1670-7, Flushing, (Scotch Ch.) 
 1077-85, Dordrecht, (Scotch,) 1085-1700, emeritus.) 
 lie was sent to Harvard College, in 1055, to study the classics and Eng- 
 lish branches, and in September, 1058, was sent to Holland to enjoy the 
 advantages of the University at Utrecht. His father, in a letter, expresses 
 the desire that he may return commissioned by the Classis of Amsterdam, 
 and qualified, (even at that early day,) to preach both in Dutch and iMiglish. 
 He remained six years, studying medicine also, in the University of Leyden, 
 and on his return to New-Amsterdam, Selj-ns was allowed to return to 
 Holland, (Jul,v, 1004.) 
 
 But the time of the surrender was at hand. In August, he and his 
 father, with many others, were sent to meet Nicholls, whose fleet lay 
 menacing the city. He was one of the commissioners also appointed to 
 prepare the terms of surrender. Probably it was through his influence 
 that the rights of the Reformed Church were so carefully guarded. After- 
 ward, in Holland, he labored in the same church for a time, (Flushing,) from 
 which, a century later, Laidlie M'as called to preach in English in New- 
 York. 
 
 Meinema, Benj. lie. 1727 ; Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1745-55, d. 1701. 
 
 Merrill, Franklin, b. 1819, P.S. 1848; (Hempstead, L.I. 1848-53, Still- 
 water, N.Y. 1853-8,) Saratoga, 1858-61, d. 
 
 He was an earnest and instructive preacher, without being a brilliant 
 and fascinating one ; yet even if he had been the latter, he would have 
 merged and sunk his own brilliancy in the surpassing effulgence of the 
 cross. "Without rhetorical grace and flourish, he had the higher art of im- 
 pressing the message of God with a point and pungency, which made the 
 careless solemn, and those at ease in Zion, anxious and troubled. He be- 
 sought his hearers with tears to become reconciled to God. He felt that 
 the responsibility of watching for souls was high and awful. There was- 
 an honest-dealing directness, an evangelical ardor and tenderness about his 
 utterances, that suffered few who heard him to remain unmoved. "With a 
 body never robust and health greatly impaired, so as to make preaching in 
 the latter part of his life laborious, his appeals were invested witii peculiar 
 pensiveness, which heightened their effect. He was blessed with several 
 revivals and large accessions to the church. 
 11 
 
162 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Merritt, Wm. B. E.g. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. N.Y, 1865 ; Flatbusli, 
 (Ulster,) 1865— 
 
 Mesick, John F. E.G. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. Gl. Green, 1837; Rochester, 
 1838-40, [Harrisburgh, Ger. Ref.] 1840-55, Raritan 2d, 1855— 
 
 Messler, Ab. U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; Miss, to Mont- 
 ville, Aug.-Nov. 1824, Miss, to Ovid, 1824, Ovid, 1825-8, Miss, ia North 
 St. New-York City, 1828-9, Pompton Plains and Montville, 1829-32, 
 Raritan 1st, 1832— 
 
 Meuri, John, Melrose, 1867 — 
 
 Meyer, Hermanus, b. in Germany, 17. ., studied in one of the Holland Uni- 
 versities ; Kingston, 1763-73, Totowa, Fairfield, and Pompton Plains, 
 1772-85, Totowa and Pompton Plains, 1785-91, d. Oct. 27th. Also 
 Prof, of Hebrew, 1784-91, and Lector in Theology, 1786-91. 
 He was as much distinguished for the warmth of his piety and the ardor 
 of his evangelical preaching, as for his deep reading and learning. But a 
 few months' exercise of his faithful preaching, made it manifest that there 
 was a wide difference between his sentiments and zeal, and those to which 
 the people of his first charge had been accustomed. Mancius, his prede- 
 cessor, had much learning and ability for discussion, and could triumph- 
 antly defend the doctrines ; but, alas ! consciences slumbered. Meyer, on 
 the other hand, was very practical and pointed. His preaching excited 
 disgust, opposition, and enmit}^ Such was the disposition in many of the 
 ■early churches toward doctrines which they now love. 
 
 So practical was his preaclung, that many of his people declared that, 
 •while they respected the man, it was impossible to sit under his ministr3^ 
 After preaching once pointedly on the necessity of regeneration, one of his 
 officers met him and said, " Flesh and blood cannot endure such preach- 
 ing." He quickly answered, " Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom 
 of God." They could find no just ground of accusation against him. 
 
 In 1764, he was compelled by the civil authorities to take the oath of 
 allegiance to Great Britain, renouncing, as the oath required, all allegiance, 
 -civil or ecclesiastical, to any other power. This made him feel that he had 
 abjured the authority of the Classis of Amsterdam, though he desired to 
 keep up brotherly correspondence. The matter was so important that it 
 ^became the subject of ofiBcial correspondence by the civil power, as it was 
 feared that independent charters of non-conforming churches might become 
 •detrimental to the Established Church of England. Yet the terms of sur- 
 render in 1664, expressly guaranteed to the Dutch, freedom in all religious 
 matters. But the Coetus party now took advantage of this matter of the 
 oath to help their cause. Dr. Meyer at first indeed refused to take it, and 
 'Only on the advice of Hon. Wm. Livingston, an eminent jurist of New- 
 Jersey, did he finally consent. This gave great offence to his consistory, 
 who were of the Conferentie party. • 
 
THE MINISTRY. ]G3 
 
 At length his marriage with one of the families of the Coetus party* 
 formed division lines. The flames of discord began to spread. The Churcli 
 was convulsed. Certain Conferentie ministers (Rysdyck, Fryenmoet, and 
 Cock) were invited by his enemies to come and judge their affairs, and, 
 though themselves fighting against independent judicatories in America, 
 audaciously took it upon themselves to hear charges and to suspend Mr. 
 Meyer from the ministry, discharging his congregation from their obliga- 
 tions to him. Party lines were formed, approving or condemning this 
 strange procedure. Thus this excellent and exceedingly useful man by a 
 faction was shut out of his church. But he continued to preach for seven 
 years in private houses to such as loved the Gospel. The Classis of Am- 
 sterdam never lost confidence in his integrity, and at the convention to 
 effect a union of the parties, in 1771, he was admitted to an equal sent and 
 voice without hesitation. But about this time he received a call from 
 New-Jersey which he accepted, and his ministerial success there was sig- 
 nally gi'eat. His trials and afflictions all wrought for his good, lie be- 
 came more earnest, and practical, and evangelical, than ever. He was sub- 
 sequently honored by being chosen to two professorships by tlie Synod. 
 But his old enemies at Kingston never became reconciled to him. Yet the 
 consistory there, in 180G, virtually allowing the former bad treatment, at- 
 tempted to call his son-in-law, Rev. Jeremiah Romeyn, though without 
 success. They also hoped in this waj^ to cover their pecuniary obligations 
 to Dr. Meyer, they having not paid his salary to him for several j'ears be- 
 fore he removed away. !Mr. Romeyn, however, went and preached for 
 them on the angels' song at the birth of Christ. Dr. M. was the intimate 
 friend of Westerlo of Albany. The happiness of his dying bed is described 
 in Mag. R. D. C, ii. 300. He possessed full assurance. He was a man 
 of great erudition, of a mild and humble temper, polite and unaffected in 
 his manners, and eminently pious. His great humility prevented him 
 from being as generally useful as he deserved, but those who were ac- 
 quainted with his worth esteemed him as one of the best of men. 
 
 Meyer, John II. C.C. 1795, studied theol. under Livingston, I. CI. X.Y. 
 
 1798 ; New-Paltz and IS.ew-Hurley, 1799-1803, Schenectady, 1803-6. 
 
 He was an accomplished scholar, speaking with great fluency and 
 elegance both in Dutch and English. As a preacher, he was gifted and 
 popular, and was possessed of a peculiar unction in his delivery. He was 
 a son of Hermanns Meyer. — StiWs Hist. Ch. New-Paltz. 
 
 Meyer, Karl, from Hesse, Ger. 18C3 ; S.S. New-Brunswick 3d, 1863-4, 
 Miss, in Jersey City, 1804-6, S.S. New-Brunswick, 1807— 
 
 Meyers, Ab. II. U.C. 1827, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. N.B. 1830 ; St. Jolinsville, 
 1830-1, Beaverdam and Berne, 1831-5, Belleville, 1835-7, St. Johnsville, 
 1837-44, S.S. Berne and Schaghticoke, 1844-8, Manheim, 1848-52, Glen- 
 
 * He married the sister of Dr. Ilardcnbergh. 
 
164 THE MINISTBT. 
 
 ville 1st, 1852-4, North-Esopus, 1855-6, Germantown, 1856-G2, S.S. at 
 Esopus, 1862-5, Saddle River, 1866— 
 
 Michael, Daniel, R.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1886 ; Domes- 
 tic Miss, at Redford, Mich, 1836-47, d. 1865. 
 
 MICHAELIUS, JONAS, b. 157T, educated at University of Leyden, lie. 
 16 . . ; [Niewbokswonde, 1612-14, Hem, 1614-16..., St. Salvador, 1624-5, 
 Guinea, 1626-7,] New-Amsterdam, 1628-33, returned to Holland. 
 Jonas Michaelius was the first minister, of the Reformed Church, in 
 America. He has taken this honor from Rev. E. Bogardus, to whom it 
 was long conceded. Through the researches of J. J. Bodel Nijenhius, a 
 letter was discovered in the archives at the Hague, bringing these facts to 
 light, and which was transmitted in 1858, by Mr. Henry C. Murphj^, the 
 American minister stationed there, and is found in Colonial History of 
 New-York, vol. ii., pp. 759-770. The letter is dated New-Amsterdam, 
 August 11th, 1628, and is directed to Rev. Adrian Smoutius, Amsterdam. 
 It is not known exactly how long he remained in New-Amsterdam, but in 
 1637-8, he is styled " late minister to Virginia," (or America.) Since we 
 have no proof that he was colleague with Bogardus, who came in 1633, we 
 may safely suppose that he continued not more than four or five years, 
 leaving New-Amsterdam before Bogardus' arrival. The Classis of Amster- 
 dam wished to send him back in 1637, but he did not return. He was 
 married in 1612, his wife dying iia May, 1628, seven weeks after their ar- 
 rival, leaving three children. He arrived at New-Amsterdam April 7th, 
 1628. He had a tempestuous voyage, having embarked on Jan. 24th pre- 
 ceding. At his first communion here, he had fifty communicants. He 
 paints a sad picture of the low condition of the natives, and proposes to let 
 the parents go, and try and educate the children. His letter breathes a 
 spirit of deep piety, and submission to the Divine will in all his bereave- 
 ments. — For letter and fuller jparticulars, see Col. Hist. A^. Y., vol. ii. 
 759-770. 
 
 Middlemas, Jasper, Blooming Grove, 1840-3, S. S. Salem and Berne 2d, 
 1848-54, Salem, 1854-5, died 18 . . . 
 
 Miles, John B., received from the Presbyt. Ch. of Ireland, as a candidate, 
 by the Classis of Ulster, 1799-1801, dismissed. 
 
 Milledoler, Philip, b. at Rhinebeck, 1775, CO. 1793, studied under Gros, 
 
 ordained by G. R. Synod, 1794 ; (N. Y. C. Nassau St. Ger. Ref. 1795- 
 
 1800, Philadelphia, Pine St. Presbyt. 1800-5, N. Y. C. Rutgers St. 
 
 Presbyt. 1805-13,) New- York, 1813-25, Prof. Theol. and Pres. Rutgers 
 
 College, at New-Brunswick, and Prof. Moral Phil. 1825-41, d. 1852. 
 
 His parents were Swiss Germans, coming from the Canton of Berne, and 
 
 settling in New- York in early life. During the occupation of the city by 
 
 the British, they took up their abode in Rhinebeck. They were members 
 
 of the Nassau Street German Reformed church, and piously sought to bring 
 
THE MINISTRY. 165 
 
 up their children in the fear of the Lord. They were gladdened by the 
 early development of lovely piety in their son Philip. He united with the 
 church in very early youth, and at once chose the ministr}', and was 
 licensed in his nineteenth year. lie soon became pastor of the church in 
 which he had been reared, preaching both in German and in English. 
 These early labors met with great acceptance, being already characterized 
 by the rich spiritual unction which afterward pervaded his prayers and dis- 
 courses, while his development of cliaracter and conduct attracted interest 
 and respect. "When he preached in English many of other denominations 
 attended. His reputation became such, that on the I'cmoval of Dr. Blair 
 from the Third Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, he received a unani- 
 mous call, which he accepted. Here he labored with great diligence and 
 success. A gentle, yet powerful and extended religious influence spread 
 among the people of his charge, so that large additions were made to the 
 church. AThen the Rutgers Street Presbyterian Church of New-York was 
 started, he was chosen as the man eminently adapted for the enterprise, 
 and here, too, he was greatly prospered. The reviving influence of the 
 Spirit of God diffused itself, and penetrated like the dew from heaven. 
 There was no sudden and transient excitement like a passing shower, but 
 rather like the spring, unfolding itself, and spreading its streams onward, 
 broader and deeper. But few ministries have been more blessed than his 
 in this church. 
 
 "While in New- York he was sought after by the German Reformed church 
 to take charge of their projected Seminary at Frederick, Maryland, but, dif- 
 ficulties springing up respecting the introduction of the English language, 
 Dr. M. was led to decline. {Tevcent. Monument, 548.) lie succeeded Dr. 
 Livingston, however, as Professor of Theology, and President of Rutgers 
 College, in New-Brunswick. His duties in this double office were dis- 
 charged with signal industry and fidelity. He was cordially catholic in his 
 spirit, a lover of good men. He took an active part in the organization and 
 development of some of the leading benevolent institutions of the daj-. He 
 was especially noted for his peculiar unction in prayer. lie seemed to 
 carry his hearers, as it were, to the very portals of heaven. This gift in 
 him was marvellous. When Henry Clay was received by the Historical 
 Society of New-York, shortly after the death oi- a son, Dr. M. made the 
 prayer. Clay was so much impressed that he sought an introduction and 
 expressed his thanks. The great Dr. !Mason once said there were three 
 men who prayed as if they were immediately inspired from heaven. One 
 was Rowland Hill, the other was a certain layman, and the third was Dr. 
 M. This gift led him to give a prominence in his sermons to Christian ex- 
 perience, in the delineation and dissection of which, he was rarely excelled. 
 He was of a commanding form, a pleasant mien, and attractive manners. 
 He was a preacher of superior gifts. His piety was ardent, confiding, and 
 laborious. His success in the ministry was marked ; many and powerful 
 revivals attended it. His sick chamber was quite on the verge of heaven. 
 His wife died one day after him, and their funerals were held together. 
 
166 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Miller, Edward, R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Hudson, 1800; Berne and 
 Bcaverdam, 1800 — 
 
 Miller, Isaac L. Kip, R.C. 1840, student in N.B.S., d. 1846. 
 
 [Miller, John Peter, b. 1715, studied at Heidelberg, (Ger.,)cameto Ameri- 
 ca 1730, as a licentiate, with 260 Palatine emigrants ; was ordained in 
 1730 by the Presbyt. Synod of Philadelphia ; Tulpehocken, 1731-5 be- 
 came a hermit ; died 1790.] 
 
 Miller, John E. b. in Albany, 1792, U.C. 1812, 1. 1817; (Miss, in the South 
 and West, 1817-18, Chester, N.J. 1818-23,) Tompkinsville, 1823-47, 
 d. Also Chaplain in Marine Hospital, and at Seaman's Retreat. 
 In his chaplaincy, he was undaunted by all the forms of disease with 
 which the hospital was acquainted. Whatever might be the danger to 
 himself, and it was often appalling, or from whatever land the suffering 
 patient might have come, he was always by his side when necessity re- 
 quired. He preached the Gospel with a simplicity that every one could 
 understand, and with an earnestness which every one felt. Did collision 
 or irritation arise among brethren, he poured a healing oil on the chafed 
 spirit, soothing it to peace and kindness. Was bold and unblushing iniqui- 
 ty to be rebuked, he threw the fear of man behind him, and looked only at 
 fidelity to God and duty. He walked with calm spirit and unwavering 
 step through rooms charged with poisonous contagion, and fetid disease, 
 bearing the message of salvation to the guilty and lost. He was an Israel- 
 ite indeed, in whom was no guile. His bosom was transparent as the 
 purest fountain — an utter stranger to deceit. He said only what he 
 thought, and what he said he did. The transient character of the commu- 
 nity prevented him, in general, from seeing the fruits of his labors. This 
 was a trial to him. But a short time before his death, the Master gladdened 
 him with a precious revival, especially among the young. 
 
 Miller, Wm. A., b. 1824, U.C, 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Albany, 1845; 
 
 Glenham, 1846-9, Prof. Langs. Albany Acad. 1849-56, Rhinebeck, 
 
 1850-9 ; d. 1803. 
 
 In every position which he occupied he discharged his duties with fidel- 
 it}', energy, and success. Gifted with a mind well balanced, and thorough- 
 ly cultivated, he was qualified for wide-spread usefulness. He was an 
 accurate, well-read scholar, and fully equal to the standard of modern crit- 
 icism. He was a thorough, analytical, and instructive teacher. As a 
 preacher, he clearly presented the truth, was logical in his reasonings, 
 practical in his expositions, and forcible in his appeals. As a Christian, he 
 was meek in spirit, ardent in piety, and earnest in his endeavors to secure 
 the salvation of souls. 
 
 Miller, Wm. H. N.B.S. 1861, 1. N. CI. L. I. 1861; Albany 3d, 1861-2, 
 Mt. Pleasant, 50th st., N.Y.C. 1862-3, w. c. 
 
 Mills, Geo. Ger. Ref. Ch. N.Y.C. 1823-33. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 167 
 
 Mills, Geo. A. R.C. 18G3, N.B.S. 18GG, 1. S.Cl. L.I. ISOG ; Taglikanio, 
 18GG— 
 
 Mills, S.VMrtL AV. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. N.B. 1842; Blooming- 
 burgb, 1843-58, Deerpark, 1858— 
 
 MiLLSPAuon, Alex. C. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. Orange, 1841; 
 Middletown Village, 1841-6G, Jerusalem and Onisquethaw, 18GG — 
 
 MiNOK, John, R.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, I. CI. N.B. 1845; Miss, to Ridge- 
 way, 1845-8, to Centreville, 1848-50, to Keyport, 1850-1, Leeds, 1851-6, 
 Cor. Sec. Bd. of Publication, 1857-9, Flatbusli, (Ulster Co.,) 1859-G4, 
 Clenville 1st, 18G4— 
 
 MoERDYK, Peter, H.C. 18GG, student of Theology at Holland, Mich. 18G0. 
 
 MoERDYK, AVm. ILC. 18G6, student of Theology at Holland, Mich. 18G9. 
 
 MonN, Leopold, from Evan. Miss. Assoc, Berlin, 1854; North-Bergen, 
 1854-7, Hoboken, (Ger.) 1857 — 
 
 Monteith, Walter, b. at Broadalbin, N.Y. 178. ., U.C. 1811, Tutor in U.C. 
 
 1812-15, N.B.S. 1818; Flatlands and Flatbush, 1819-20, (Schenectady 
 
 Presbyt. 1820-. ., N.Y.C. Pearl st. 18. .-29,) d. 1834. 
 
 His talents were of a superior order, and he cultivated them with dili- 
 gence and success. His piety was deep and energetic. His preaching \vas 
 instructive and edifying, giving profound and comprehensive views of truth. 
 He was somewhat reserved in his manner, yet an interesting companion, 
 and a great supporter of the rising benevolent institutions. In 1828, he 
 was taken with an affection of the throat which baffled human skill. He 
 resigned his charge in 1829, and sought the benefit of a southern climate, 
 but without avail. He died at Mobile. liis letters show perfect Christian 
 hope. 
 
 Moore, Jas. G. La Fa3'ette Col. 1842, P.S. 1845 ; (Beaver Meadow ;) sup- 
 plied Minisink, 1848-9 ; teacher at Blairstown, N. J (West-Farms, 
 
 N.Y.) d. 1858. 
 
 Moore, Wra. S. N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. N.B. 1839 ; Unionville, 1839-50, New 
 Prospect, 1850-G, Unionville and Greenburgh, 1859-G4, Minisink, 18G4 — 
 
 Morgan, Joseph, b. 1074, ordained 1G97, in Connecticut. (Bedford and 
 East-Chester, N.Y., 1699-1704, Greenwich, Ct., 1794-8,) Freehold 
 and Middletown, N.J. 1709-31, (Hopewell and Maidenhead, N.J. 1732-7, 
 susp. ;) d. 1740. 
 
 His father came to New-London about 1G47, under the lead of the 
 younger John AVinthrop. He is said to have been of "Welsh origin. Joseph 
 was subjected to persecutions in his ministry, on account of tlie manner of 
 his ordination. His use of notes in preaching was much opposed by the 
 neighboring ministers, so that he was obliged to desist. In 1708 he re- 
 moved to Freehold, lo take charge of the Scotch church there. The Dutch 
 
168 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 sought a part of his services, and he was also installed as their pastor, Oct. 
 19th, 1709, although a member of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. He 
 gave the Dutch three fourths of his services. About 1721 a revival was 
 enjoyed. The next year he went to Connecticut to seek additional minis- 
 terial help, but in vain. He was the author of a number of printed ser- 
 mons, on various subjects, and was in correspondence with Cotton Mather. 
 A Latin letter of Morgan to Mather, dated 1721, is preserved at Worcester, 
 Mass. He complains that he had very few books. He published treatises 
 on Baptism, on Deism, on Original Sin, and on Sin its own Punishment. 
 Also, a Reply to an anonymous railer against election. He says, in one 
 of his publications, that as congregations keep their ministers free from 
 worldly avocations, by liberal support, does the work of Christ flourish. 
 Various charges were at length brought against him, such as " practising 
 astrology, countenancing promiscuous dancing, and transgressing in drink," 
 (1728.) They were not sustained. In 1736, intemperance was proved 
 against him, but in 1738 he was restored. — See Wehstefs History of the 
 Preshyt. Ch. 335. 
 
 Morris, Henry, Ham. 0. 1823, N.B.S. and P.S. 1. Presbyt. Troy, 1829; 
 (Miss, at Wapping, Ct. 1829-32, Granville, 1832-4, Orwell, Vt. 
 1834-41, Miss, at Burlington, Ct. 1841-3.) Union Village, 1843-8, 
 Easton, N.Y. (S.S.) 1851-4, Coddebackville, 1855-62, supplying Presbyt. 
 Ch. near Binghamton, 1868 — 
 
 Morris, J. Ford, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824 ; Miss, successively to 
 Ovid, Fayette, Pultneyville, and Wynantskill, 1824-5, toMontville, 1825-7, 
 to Amsterdam, (or Albany Bush,) Glen, Charleston, Ephratah, Stone 
 Arabia, Herkimer, Ford's Bush, Asquach, 1827-9, Nassau, 1829-32, 
 w. c. — 
 
 Morse, A.G. Cato, S.S. 1857-9. 
 
 [Morse, B. Y. Miss, to Rochester, and Clove, 1828.] 
 
 Moule, John G. R.C. 1834, P.S. 1837 ; Unionville, 1837-9, Sand Beach, 
 1839-41 (Orwell ; Damascus, Pa. ; Colchester, N.Y. ; Colicoon, N.Y.) 
 
 [MiiUcr, Fred. C. Long Swamp, Pa. 1748-5. .] 
 
 MiJLLER, John, R.C. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. N.Y. 1854; Wolcott, 1854-7, 
 S.S. Burlington, Iowa, 1858-61, Silver Creek, 1861. 
 
 Mulligan, John, teacher in N.Y.C. 1829-61, d. ; also Prof Latin and Greek 
 
 in N.Y. University, 1832-3. 
 
 He was a man of exceeding modesty, and, partly from this fact, never 
 regularly settled over a charge. He was an Irish gentleman, remarkably 
 well educated, endowed by nature with a very acute and comprehensive 
 mind, which was well stored with the acquisitions of years of study, and 
 careful and extensive experience and observation. lie was almost too 
 learned for a common teacher, being better adapted to the professorial 
 
THE MINISTRY. 109 
 
 chair, but he was a man of great faithfulness, diligence, courte?y, and kind- 
 ness, lie had few of the graces of elocution, and little action, but his ser- 
 mons were well prepared, learned, well written, and full of tliought. 
 
 MuNN, AxsoN F. R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.B. 185G ; East New- 
 York, 1856-G8, Coxsackie Landing, 1808 — 
 
 Murden, Benj. F. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 18-46, 1. CI. N.Y. 1846; Taghkanic, 
 1847-50, Union, 1850-4. [Plymouth, Mich. Presbyt. 18—.] 
 
 Murdock, David, Catskill, 1842-51, d. 1801. 
 
 Murphy, Jas. b. near Rhinebeck, 1788, N.B.S. 1814, 1. CI. N.B. 1814; 
 Rochester, Wawarsing, and Clove, 1814-25, Glenville, 2d, 1826-34; (also 
 Miss, at Rexfordville, 1880,) St. Johnsville and Manheim, 1834-6, Herki- 
 mer and German Flats, 1836-9, Herkimer and Frankfort, 1839-40, Her- 
 kimer and Mohawk, 1840-1, Coeymans, 1841-2, Herkimer, 1843-40, 
 S.S. Columbia, 1850-4, Frankfort, 1854-7, d. 1857. 
 He enjoyed in a high degree the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens, 
 on account of his learning, his meekness, and his assiduity as a Christian 
 teacher. He was fond of study, had a special relish for the classics, and 
 some of the natural sciences. He published a book entitled " Geology 
 consistent with the Bible." He was a preacher of superior abilities, and a 
 pastor of approved fidelity. He was strongly urged to accept a call to the 
 Ger. Ref. Ch. of Harrisburgh, in 1837, but declined. — G.S. 
 
 Murray, Chauncy D. Market street, N.Y.C. 1861-3. 
 
 Mutzelius, Frederick, b. in Germany, 1711 ; Tappan, 1726-49, d. 1780. 
 
 He began as a conservative member of the Coetus partj^, but soon be- 
 came doubtful, if not positively antagonistic to them. He had considerable 
 difficulty with the church of Tappan, and in 1749 was obliged to desist 
 preaching. 
 
 Myer, Gilbert McP. b. at Coxsackie, 1815, R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. 
 
 Greene, 1841 ; Cohoe.s, 1841-6, d. 
 
 He possessed a bright, inquiring, and ingenious mind. He had a me- 
 chanical talent and taste, was a good student, and devoted Christian. His 
 ministry in the new field of his new charge was successful and encouraging, 
 and in a year or two after his settlement he was blessed with a precious 
 revival. He was highly beloved and esteemed for the suavity of his man- 
 ners and the fidelity of his ministrations. His sermons were more argu- 
 mentative than hortatory, and his address, though not powerfully earnest, 
 was pleasant and attractive. — C.S. 
 
 MvERS, Hexrv V. S. W.C. 1805, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. L.T. 1858 ; travelling 
 in Europe. 
 
 Neal, Ava, C.C. 1810, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1816; Pompton Plains 
 and Fairfield, 1817-22, Pompton Plains, 1822-28, suspended in 1829, re- 
 stored, 1833, d. 1889. 
 
170 THE MIXISTRT. 
 
 Xeander, J. Miss, to Jews, 1S4G-8. 
 
 Neef, Jacob F. Stuttgardt Coll. Germany, 18—, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 1858 ; Plainfield and Warren, 1858-64, Albany 4th, 1865— 
 
 Nevius, Elbert, R.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1834, 1. by CI. Cayuga, 1834; Miss, at 
 Lyons, 1885, Arcadia, 1835-6, voyage to Java, June-Sept. 1836, Bata- 
 via, 1836-9, Pontianak, 1839-44, (voyage to Singapore, 1842,) returned 
 to America ; Stuyvesant, 1846 — 
 
 [Xevelling, John Wesley Gilbert, b. in Westphalia, Ger. 1750, studied un- 
 der Weyberg and Gros, lie. by German Coetus, 1771 ; Am well, N.J. 
 1770-83, also Chaplain in the Revolution ; Reading, 1783, d. 1844.] 
 He came to America in company with Mrs. Weybei'g, whose nephew he 
 was, her husband having preceded her hither. During the Revolution, so 
 ardent was he in the cause of liberty, that in order to afford relief to the 
 embarrassed Continental Congress, he converted all his property into cash, 
 and loaned it to Congress (amounting to $25,000), taking only their certifi- 
 cate in return. He preached to the troops, and was held in high esteem 
 by Washington. The British government offered a large sum for his appre- 
 hension, and Washington once placed a troop of horse at his disposal for 
 his protection. His certificate from Congress by some means passed into 
 other hands, and he was defrauded of the whole of it. 
 
 In 1783, while riding on horseback, with a long pipe in his mouth, his 
 horse fell, and his pipe inflicted a severe wound in his throat, which perma- 
 nently afiected his speech. With a large fiimily, and without ability, stern 
 poverty stared him in the face. But Providence raised him up friends 
 continually, who assisted him. 
 
 He was a man of noble personal presence, of commanding pulpit talents, 
 and was a popular preacher for the times. His active ministry was crowded 
 into thirteen years, and for the last sixty years of his life he was a paraly- 
 tic. For forty years of this time he was entirely helpless. But he bore all 
 his afHictions with lamb-like patience. His Bible was his constant com- 
 panion till his e3'e-sight failed him, and even then he lay quietly in his 
 chamber, always happy, never fretting, submitting to all his privations 
 cheerfully. — Ilarha ugK's Lives. 
 
 Newton, E. Easton, N.Y. (S.S.) 1844. 
 
 Niewenhyt. See Van Niewenhuysen. See Gunn^s Livingston, 49, and Ro- 
 gers's Discourse, 63. 
 
 Noble, Geo. P. Myrtle avenue Miss., Brooklyn, 1868 — 
 
 Noe, D.D. S.S. Columbia and Warren, 1835. 
 
 Nott, Chs. D. U.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Albany, 1859; Mohawk, 
 1859-64, Presbyt. 
 
 Nott, John, w. c. 1838-41, Rotterdam 2d, 1841-54, also partly supplied 
 Princetown. 
 
THE MINISTRY. iTl 
 
 Nucella, Johannes Pctrus, Kinpfston, 1G05-8, {Col. Hist. iv. 582,) Albany 
 and Kingston, 1G98-1704, went to London. 
 
 Nykehk, G. J. Ovcr3-sscl, 1858 — 
 
 Oakey, Peter D. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. lS-14, 1. CI. N.Y. 1844, Oyster Bay, 
 1844-7, Brooklyn, Middle, 1847-9, [Jamaica, Prcsbyt.] 1850. 
 
 Oehl. See Ehlc and Eal. 
 
 Oekter, John- Henry, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.Y. 185G ; Warren, 185G-8, 
 German 4th, N.Y.C. 1858— 
 
 Oggel, E. Ciiuistian, R.C 18G3, N.B.S. 18GG, 1. CI. Holland, 18GG ; 
 North-Holland, 18GG— 
 
 Oggel, Pieter J. Grand Haven, 185G-9, Pella, 18G0-G3, Prof, in Hope 
 College, 18G3. 
 
 Ogiivie, James Glaen, b. 1794, lie. 1820 ; Montville, 182G-7, Miss, at Little 
 Falls and Fairfield, 1827-9, Fairfield, 1829-32, d. Aug. 5, from injuries 
 received by being thrown from his horse. 
 
 (Olevianus, Casper, b. 153G.) 
 
 He shared with Ursinus the honor of preparing the Heidelberg Cata- 
 chism. He had been a disciple of Calvin, while Ursinus was a disciple of 
 Melancthon. He was the favorite court preacher of the pious Frederick IH. 
 He was a native of the town of Olewig, near Treves. He was educated in 
 the science of the law, having studied at Orleans, Bourgcs, and Paris. He 
 then united himself with the "secret churches of God," the persecuted 
 Huguenots, yet it appears that it was not till 155G that he unreservedly ded- 
 icated himself to the service of the Saviour. This was occasioned by the 
 imminent peril of his life in which he was placed, by the upsetting of 
 a boat on the Loire, and in his endeavors to save the son of Frederick IIL, 
 though not successful. He now began the diligent study of the Scrijjtures, 
 and sought the acquaintance of the Reformers. In 1559 he became a teach- 
 er, near his native place, in Treves. He quietly instilled evangelical truth 
 into the minds of his pupils. He at length delivered an earnest, evangelical 
 sermon, (though as yet a layman,) on justification by faith, in which he in- 
 dulged in severe strictures on saint worship, the 'mass, and processions. 
 "While many approved, many condemned. Though forbidden to preach, he 
 continued. The power of the Gospel was felt. The town was divided. 
 Its principal burgomaster declared in favor of the Reformation. Frederick 
 III. and other princes endeavored to help on the work. But Treves was 
 not a free town, and the Reformation could not be introduced there, with- 
 out the consent of the Archbishop. Olevianus was cast into prison, and 
 was kept there ten weeks, till, through the exertions of Frederick III., he 
 was released. All the evangelicals, many hundreds in number, were 
 driven from the town, and Jesuit teachers were received. But the exiles 
 went everywhere preaching the word, and lighting the fires of the Refor- 
 
172 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 mation. Frederick III. and Olevianus were now under mutual obliga- 
 tions. The elector had procured his i-elease from prison, and Olevianus 
 had imperilled his life, though unsuccessfully, in endeavoring to save the 
 life of Frederick's son. He was made court preacher in Heidelberg, and 
 Professor of Theology in 1561. Thus were Olevianus and Ursinus brought 
 together, and became the authors, in the following year, of the Heidelberg 
 Catechism. 
 
 He had been struck with the presbyterial form of government, seen in 
 Geneva, and he introduced this in the Palatinate churches, extending the 
 system so as to include the government of the church by synods. This 
 was the first step toward the separation of church and state. This re- 
 quired courage in Olevianus to ask, and piety in Frederick to grant. With 
 the death of Frederick III., (1576,) Olevianus was suspended from his oflBces 
 by the bigoted Prince Louis, who succeeded, and Count Ludwig, a zealous 
 friend of the Reformed doctrine, was also dismissed from court. The latter 
 called Olevianus to instruct his sons, and to preach in Westphalia. This 
 was the means of introducing the presbyterial form of church government 
 there. He died at the age of fifty, in 1584. He was eminent as a preacher. 
 — See Harlaugli's Lives, Von Alpen on the Catechism., transl. ly Berg^ and 
 the Tercentenary edition of Cat. 
 
 Osborn, Michael. P.S. 1822; (Metuchen, 1822-. ., Newbern, N.C. Cub 
 Creek, Va. all Presbyt. ;) Schraalenburgh, 1838-41, (Briery, Va. 1841-.,, 
 Farmville, Va.) 
 
 OsTBANDER, Hexry, b. at Plattcldll, 1781, U.C. 1799, studied under 
 Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1800 ; Coxsackie, 1801-10, Catskill and Cox- 
 sackie, 1810-12, Caatsbaan, 1812-62 ; also pastor at Saugerties village, 
 1839-40, and S.S. at Hurley, 1811-14, w. c— 
 
 Ostrander, Stephen, b. at Poughkeepsie, 1769, studied under Meyer and 
 Livingston, (Meyer's last student,) 1. Sj^nod of R.D. Chs. 1792; Miss. 
 along the Mohawk, 1792-3, Miss, to Western parts of Green, Ulster, and 
 Sullivan Cos. and to Delaware Co. N.Y. 1793, (M.G.S. I. 264,) Pompton 
 Plains and Parsippany, 1793-1809, Parsippanj', 1809-10, Schaghticoke 
 and Tyashoke, 1810-21, Argyle, (S.S.) every third Sab. 1810-. ., Miss. 
 in N.Y.C., Hoboken, Powle's Hook, and Harsimup, 1822-3, Oakhill and 
 Durham, 1824-31, Blooming Grove, 1831-9, Emeritus, d. 1845. 
 Descended from a pious stock, he was one of a large family of children, 
 and was early selected by his parents, (and which also accorded with his 
 own desires,) for the ministry. His early education was received at the 
 Kingston Academy, and in theology he was the last pupil of Professor 
 Meyer. Synod sent him, soon after his settlement, on a mission to West- 
 ern New-York, (1794.) The whole journey was necessarily performed on 
 horseback, at that early day the country being a wilderness. There were 
 a few detached settlements and solitary churches to be looked after. His 
 ministry was attended with considerable success at Pompton ; but difficul- 
 ties of a local and political origin crept in, disturbing the peace of the 
 
THB anNISTET. ] TO 
 
 church, and which induced him to resign in 1809, in the expectation that 
 another church would be erected at Ponipton. In 1810, a permanent mis- 
 sion to the Seneca Indians was oflcrcd him by the N.Y. Misijionary Society, 
 but declined. His charges in the Nortli were very laborious, riding a dozen 
 miles to supply Tyashoke, every second Sabbatli, and for two years riding 
 twenty-five miles every third Sabbatii, to preach at Argyle. AVhile in this 
 section, he was blessed with a revival. "While a missionary in N. Y. City, 
 he was the means of gathering and organizing a church in Green st. 
 
 At Oakhill he also labored for seven years, at a great sacrifice of ease 
 and comfort, but in his advancing age became more pleasantly situated, and 
 was the means of healing, to a great extent, the unhappy secession in 
 Blooming Grove. Here, at length, pulmonary disease compelled him to re- 
 sign, and he removed to a property of his own, in the vicinity of Spots- 
 wood, N.J. 
 
 He was distinguished for solid judgment and persevering industry ; un- 
 sophisticated himself, to an irreproachable life, he united a guileless simpli- 
 city, with an honest unwavering decision of purpose. His practice was sel- 
 dom inconsistent with his high calling. He was conscientious and exact in 
 the performance of his duties, unweariedly directing his efforts with a view 
 to usefulness. Well read in theology, he was a sound, practical divine ; 
 his ministry was characterized by a plain exhibition of gospel-truth, and an 
 urgent enforcement of duty. His disposition was frank and benevolent. Unob- 
 trusive and unassuming in his deportment, he pursued the even tenor of his 
 way, neither seeking nor valuing the distinctions and honors of life. 
 
 Ostrom.'Alvin, E.g. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI , 1858 ; voyage to China, 
 
 Oct. 1858-March, '59, Amoy, 1859-01, voyage to America, Jan. -March, 
 18G4, S.S. Franklin, 186G-8, Franklin, 1868— 
 
 Otis, John D. Supplying chapel at Fishk:ll-on-Hudson, 18G7 — 
 [Otterbein, Philip Wm. b. in Nassau Dillenburg, Ger. 172G, studied at Iler- 
 
 born, c. to America, 1752; Lancaster, 1752-8, Tulpehocken, 1758-GO, 
 
 Frederick, Md. 1700-5, York, Pa. 1765-70, visited Germany, 1770-1, 
 
 York, 1771-4, Baltimore, 1774-1813, d.] 
 
 He was of a missionary spirit even in his youth. His mother had dedi- 
 cated him to this service, for Jesus' sake. Schlatter's visit to Europe 
 found him ready, and he returned with him, to preach to the destitute in 
 America. He met with discouragements in his ministry, owing to loose- 
 ness and irregularities in his church, j'et had success. In his last charge, 
 the United Brethren claimed him as a father to their sect. He was entirely 
 free from bigotry, and willing to help any friends of Christ, though he con- 
 tinued a regular minister of the Reformed Church down to the time of his 
 death. In proof of his catholicit}-, in 1802 he enrolled his name on a Metho- 
 dist Class Book, in order to help promote discipline in that branch of the 
 church. He was a man of ardent piety and burning zeal ; had extraordi- 
 narj' preaching powers, and left deep impressions. Ilis gifts and zeal led 
 him on extensive itinerations. He often officiated at camp-meetings, and, 
 
174 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 when obliged to leave, he encouraged sensible and gifted laymen to exhort 
 and pray. Many of these at length became preachers. Differences of opin- 
 ion soon arose among them. At first, Otterbein's word was acknowledged 
 by all as final. But, at length, they grew unwilling to submit. He wished 
 that all should continue in their several church connections to which they 
 belonged, and submit to their discipline. But these new preachers became 
 censorious toward the old churches, on account of their deadness. Hence 
 grew a separate organization. Otterbein's disciples developed his zeal for a 
 revival in the church, into a new organization. He tried to prevent this, 
 and when he could not, he withdrew. He consented to ordain a chief 
 preacher, (Newcomer,) of the United Brethren, a few weeks before his 
 death, and thus give validity to their irregular ministry. Dr. Kurtz, of the 
 Lutheran Church, was with him at his death. He responded to his 
 friend's prayer, " Amen, amen ! It is finished." Soon after, he quoted 
 the words of the aged Simeon: "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant de- 
 part in peace, according to thy word, for mine eyes have seen thy salva- 
 tion." After an interval, he again spoke: "Jesus, Jesus, I die; but thou 
 livcst, and soon I will live with thee. The conflict is over. I begin to feel 
 an unspeakable fullness of divine love and peace. Lay my head on my pil- 
 low, and be still." 
 
 " There was a charm in his preaching which chained the listener. Dig- 
 nified in his deportment, in the pulpit he spoke calmly, solemnly, tenderly. 
 His enunciation was distinct, and his thoughts ran in a clear, logical order; 
 while his exhortations moved, with great power, the emotions of his audi- 
 ence." — Harhaugli' » Lives. 
 
 Otterson, Jas. b. in N.Y.O. 1791, C.C. 180G, studied with Mason, lie. by 
 Assoc. Eef. 1821 ; (Broadalbin, Assoc. Ref. 1821-7,) Oyster Bay and 
 North-Hempstead, 1827-34, Freehold, 1835-8, Rockaway, 1840-5, 
 (Presbyt. Johnstown, N.Y. 1845-.., Wilmington, Del. 18. .-03, d. 1867. 
 He was born of Scottish ancestry, and succeeded Dr. Proudfit in the As- 
 soc. Ref. Ch. of Broadalbin. He possessed a clear, analytical mind, which 
 showed the effect of early culture. He was a good scholar, a sound and 
 able theologian, and a very instructive and edifying preacher. His style 
 was clear and forcible. His speech flowed smoothly from his lips, as he 
 touched the heart and reached the conscience. He was an able expounder 
 of the word. In the ecclesiastical assemblies of the church, he had few 
 superiors. It was not merely as a parliamentarian, as one skillful in debate, 
 that he excelled, but as possessing a strong, practical mind, that could lead 
 the way through difficult and perplexing questions — that could see the end 
 to be reached, and how to reach it. — W. B. 
 
 Overbagh, Peter A. b. 1779, studied theol. under Livingston, lie. 1803 ; 
 Bethlehem and Coeymans, 1S05-6, Woodstock, 1806-9, Woodstock and 
 Flatbush, (Ulster,) 1809-17, Flatbush, (Ulster,) 1817-41, d. 1842. After 
 1834, preached also at Plattekill station. 
 He was a useful and faithful man. Through his influence, the character 
 
THE MINISTKT. 175 
 
 of the community in which he spent his ministr)', was greatly changed. 
 He organized a church in Flatbush, with a dozen members, and left it with 
 three hundred, and a new organization also near by. His labors, while al- 
 most unknowiit o the world, were persevered in, in obscurity and retire- 
 ment, and resulted in the conversion of many souls. His sudden summons 
 to depart was received by him with calm composure, as might have been 
 expected from his life. 
 
 Paige, Winslow, from the Congregational Church, 1702; Schaghticoke and 
 Stillwater, (or Sinthoik",) 1793-1807, Florida, 1808-14, Florida and AVind- 
 ham, 1814-22, Broome, Blenheim, (Breakabin,) and Windham, 1822-7, 
 also Miss, at Beaverdam, 1822, "Windham and Broome, 1827-30, Broome, 
 1830-36, Gilboa, 183G-7, died. 
 
 Palmer, Sylvanus, b. 1770, studied under Bassett, 1. CI. Albany, 1802 ; 
 employed by Northern Miss. Soc. at Union and Chenango, 1802-8, Union, 
 (Tioga Co.) and Chenango, 1808-18, Middletown and Fonda's Bush, 
 1818-20, suspended, 1822, seceded. [Union, 1822-25, Union and Flats, 
 1825-9, declared independent; Tribe's Hill and Mayfield ; d. 1846. J 
 
 Parker, Chs. from 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1855 ; Hoboken, 1855-7, Bergen Point, 
 1857-60, w. c. 
 
 Parker, David, from England; Philadelphia, 2d, 1817-20, Rhincbcck Fla'.s, 
 1820-6, returned to Eng. d. 1828 (?) 
 
 Parry, Joseph, Fort Miller, 1833-7, w. c. 1837-60. 
 
 Paton, Thomas, U.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y. 1868. 
 
 Paulison, Christian Z. b. near Hackensack, 1805, C.X.J. 1822, N.B.S. 1826, 
 1. CI. N.B. 1826; Marbletown, 1826-29, Aquackanonck, 1820-31, seced- 
 ed, [Hackensack and Patcrson, 1832, suspended by seceders, Hacken- 
 sack, independent, 1832-iO, Glen, 1840-18.., d. 1851.] 
 
 Pearse, Jacob Lapsing, U.C. 1840, P.S. 1856, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1856 ; 
 Hagaman's Mills, 1856-9, East-Williamsburg, 1859-60, Bethlehem, 2d, 
 1860— 
 
 Peck, (or Pick,) Diederich Christian A. Canajoharie and Stone Arabia 
 1788-96, Stone Arabia, 1796-1800, suspended, 3. 1802. 
 A portly man, an amateur equestrian, and who has left behind him the 
 
 reputation of an unsurpassed orator. Great congregations thronged him 
 
 everywhere. 
 
 Peck, Tnos. R. G. Y.C. 1848, P.S. and U.S. 1852, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1852 ; 
 travelled in the East, 1852-3, Ass. Ed. iV. Y. Observer, 1853-t, Richmond, 
 S.I. 1854-60, independent Huguenot Ch. Charleston, S.C. 1860-65, Hast- 
 ings, 1865— 
 
 Peeke, Aloxzo p. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862 ; Shokan and Shandaken, 1862 
 -5, Owasco, 1865 — 
 
1V6 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Peeke, Geo. H. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Schenectad}-, 18G0; Miss, 
 at South-Bend, Ind. 1860-Gl, Glenville, 1st, 1861-3, Greenpoint, 1863-5, 
 Jersey City, 1st, 1865 — 
 
 Peltz, Philip, U.Pa. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1848; Coey- 
 mans and New-Baltimore, 1848-51, Coxsackie, 1851-7, Totowa, 1st, 1857 
 -60, Cor. Sec. Bd. For. Miss. 1860-5, New-Paltz, 1865— 
 
 Pepper, John P. Fort Plain, 1837-40, Warren, N.Y. 1840-5, w. c— 
 
 [Pernisius, Paul Peter, c. to America, 1784, Allen, Lecha, and Moor town- 
 ships, over the Lehigh, Pa. 1784-91, susp.] 
 
 (Pieret, Pierre, French Ref. New-York. 1690-0, and perhaps longer.) 
 
 Petrie, Jeremiah, Ilion, 1803-4, S.S. IHon and Herkimer, 1804-8. 
 
 Pettingill T. H. w. c. 1855-6. 
 
 Pfister, J. P. w. c. 1854-6, EUenville, 2d, 1856-62. 
 
 Phelps, Philip, U.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1849 ; Greenburgh and Ilastings-on-the- 
 Hudson, 1850-51, Hastings-on-the-Hudson, 1851-9, Prin. of Holland Aca- 
 demy, 1859-60, Prin. of Hope College, 1866— 
 
 Philips, Wm. W. U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817; (N.Y.C. Pearl 
 St. afterward Fifth Av. and Eleventh St. 1817-65, d.) 
 
 Phkaner, Wm. H. N.Y.U. 1800, N.B.S. 1863, 1. N. CI. L.1. 1863 ; Cold Spring, 
 1803-0, East-Millstone, 1860— 
 
 Pierce, Nehemiah P. A.C. 1842, U.S. 1846 ; (Whippany, N.J. Presbyt. 
 1846-51,) North-Gowanus, 1851— 
 
 Pohlman, Wm. J. b. in Albany, 1813, R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. 
 
 Albany, 1837; voyage to Singapore, May-Sept., 1838, Borneo, 1838-44. 
 
 Amoj^, June, 1844-9, d. Jan. 5th. 
 
 Up to the age of twelve he lived under the paternal roof, and was trained 
 up under pious influences. Engaging in business, his religious impressions 
 began to waver, not without occasional pungent convictions. At the death- 
 bed of a beloved sister, dying in the triumphs of the faith, and appealing 
 earnestly unto him, an impression was made which was never obliterated. 
 He became a devoted Christian at sixteen years of age. " Suddenlj"^," he 
 says, " the most rapturous feelings of joy took possession of my mind. For 
 a few moments I was in ecstasy. I could now say with an appropriating 
 faith, Abba, Father. the splendor of that morning, the unutterable 
 joys of that precious moment ! But it would require the tongue of an angel, 
 the eloquence of a seraph, to describe all my feelings. Praise him, praise 
 him for the wonders of his redeeming mercy !" 
 
 In his Junior year in the Seminary, he resolved to go far hence to the 
 Gentiles. He writes to the American Board, "time has only served to 
 strengthen the decision which was calmly and dispassionately made. After 
 repeated reviews of the same, T am confirmed and settled. I cannot now 
 
TUB MINISTRY. 177 
 
 doubt for a moment ; mine was not a rash or hasty concUision. If there are 
 no contrary indications, I must go, I cannot staj'. Here then am I, take 
 me. Receive me under your care as a candidate for the missionary service ; 
 I wish to enlist for life. If in your view, I can be of any service, I hiy my 
 all at your feet. Silver and gold have I none, but such as I have, give I 
 thee. Send me abroad to publish glad tidings to the idol-serving nations. 
 Send me to the most desert part of all the howling wildernesses of heathen- 
 ism, to the most barbarous climes, or to more civilized regions. Send me 
 to the millions of Pagans, to the followers of the false prophet, to the Jews 
 or the Gentiles, to Catholics or Protestants. Send mc, in fine, wherever 
 God opens an effcctaal door. Send me, for necessity is laid upon n»c ; yea, 
 woe is unto me, if I preach not the (iospel to the perishing heathen." 
 
 He was ordained in April, 1838, in the North Reformed Church of xVlbany, 
 with which he had united ten years before. On the 20th of May, he was 
 solemnly set apart for the missionary service. He went forth strong in the 
 consciousness of duty, and was followed by the prayers of inullitudes. lie 
 married a sister of Dr. Scudder. 
 
 A friend thus writes concerning him and his colleague. Brother Thompson 
 who sailed with him : " Both began their professional studies later than 
 the average time, under change of life-aims. In conscientious diligence 
 and prayerful committal of their way and work to God, they were worthy 
 yoke-fellows in the culture of the field. He had bidden them to enter. In 
 temperament and social bearings they differed widely. Thompson knowing 
 little of the cheerfulness and snap of early manhood, while the spirits of 
 Pohlraan were exuberant. The one might have been grieved and paralyzed 
 by persistent and shrewd assault from captious heathen or errorists, while 
 the moral cuticle of the other was impervious to ridicule. 
 
 Had both studied Chinese and addressed the same assemblage, the abler 
 man might have been disconcerted bj' a malicious witticism or a clever 
 parody that burlesqued his reasoning or appeal — whereas the other would 
 tide over the adverse laugh, as though it were with^ not at him, and go 
 forward unabashed. And here let it be said, a kind Providence threw 
 Thompson among those who listened respectfully or stated their infidel 
 cavil in a covert artfulness that he was thoroughly competent to conquer. 
 
 Neither was eminently gifted for the utterance of a foreign language in 
 every nicety, nor for ready mastery of its idiom; Ibut time and patience 
 were their servants in the name of Him who had covenanted to be with them 
 always, and for usefulness they panted as the hart for the water-brook. 
 
 If four or five gambling-tables were occupied by noisy Chinese and a 
 vacant one stood near, Pohlman could mount it and fulminate against their 
 flagrant wrong-doing; such an endeavor was not in Thompson's way. 
 
 The one communicated largely with friends at home by letter and journal : 
 the other received but few letters because he sent yet fewer. 
 
 The laugh of the one was an hourly practice, and reached the lungs; 
 when some imperious absurdity moved the other's risibles, the orgasm was 
 frightful, and resulted in a larynx-mirth. 
 12 
 
178 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 A decade of years covered the missionary life of botb, during which much 
 of toil, in preaching, teaching, translating, and travel, was gone through. 
 Pohlman met an ocean burial, on the coast of the empire he had so yearned 
 to reach. Thompson, essaying to place with her grandparents the infant 
 child of his second marriage, fell on sleep in Switzerland, and his grave 
 is in the shadow of the Alps."— If. //. S. 
 
 lie had taken his sister, for the benefit of her health, to Hong Kong. 
 The vessel in which he was returning to Amoy was shipwrecked, and he 
 was among the lost, the first instance of death by shipwreck of any of the 
 missionaries of the American Board. His piety was a deep, controlling 
 principle. His prominent feature was perseverance. He was frank, open- 
 hearted, wise in council, amiable in disposition, and cordial and firm in his 
 friendships. 
 
 PiETERS, RoELOFF, N.B.S. ISGl, Grafschap and Drenthe, 1861-5, Alto, Wis., 
 
 1805— 
 
 PiTCnER, John H. U.C. 1827, N.B.S. 1830. I. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1830. 
 Herkimer and German Flats, 1831-3, Tyashokeand Easton, 1833-38, Tya- 
 shoke, 1838-43, Jackson, 1844-52, Claverack 2d, 1852-61, Greenville, 
 1861— 
 
 Pitcher, Wm. W. C. 1833, R.S. 1836, lie. by Consociation of Litchfield, 
 1836 ; Jackson, 1836-9, Boght, 1840-54, Branchville, 1854— 
 
 fPiTHAN, Easton, Dryland, Blenfield, and Grinitsch,M769-71, sus- 
 pended.] 
 
 Pitts, Robert, R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840 ; S.S. Walpeck, 1840-59. w. c. 1859— 
 
 PoHLE, K.A.J. [Ger. Evang. Lutheran Church of St. Peter's,] 18 . . -53, 
 now Brooklyn, E.D. 1853-68. 
 
 Pjlhemus, Abraham, b. at Astoria, 1812, R.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI., 
 N.Y. 1835 ; Hopewell, 1835-57, Newark, North, May-Oct. 1857, d. 
 He was a lineal descendant of Rev. J. T. Polhemus who settled on 
 Long Island in 1654. In college he was noted for his joj^ous temperament 
 and his companionable qualities, and was a decided favorite. His minis- 
 try was spent in a single field, with the exception of a brief period in New- 
 ark. Mutual affection, to an unusual degree, existed between him and his 
 flock. Several attempts to call him to other fields were in vain. At 
 length he yielded to the pressing call of the new North Church of New- 
 ark. He was regarded as specially qualified to build up this church, but 
 he had hardly entered on his duties when God called him to his reward. 
 Seeking a little relaxation from his labors, he was taken ill at Newburgh, 
 and after several weeks, there died. His spiritual exercises on his bed of 
 eickness were delightful, and even peculiar. A few hours before he died, 
 4vhen the hand of death was evidently upon him, he exclaimed, " I see 
 
^ 
 
 ■®'=3?l.^AH.Pi"**'' 
 
 V^^^ l4A^-Cy^ 
 
 C^^^U^t^^ 
 
THE MINISTUY. 179 
 
 Jesus. Now that T have seen him, I never can come back again. I see 
 Jesus. Did I not tell you that I should see Jesus ? My soul is ravished 
 with the sight." After a while he added, " I have perfect assurance ; not 
 a doubt, nor a fear." Ilis last sermon was on the death of Slcphcn, and 
 the subject had made a deep impression on his own heart. From the be- 
 ginning of his sickness he felt that he would never recover, though with 
 occasional encouragements to the contrary, and he prayed tliat he might, 
 like Stephen, see Jesus. 
 
 He was a man whose unpretending dignity and genial manners could not 
 fail to make a favorable impression on all who were brought in contact 
 with him. The casual acquaintance would have discovered no reason to 
 modify his first estimate of his character, however intimate with him ho 
 might subsequently have become. The traits that first struck the stranger, 
 winning his regard, were true characteristics of the man. Ilcnce the 
 strong personal attachment which he won for himself, not only from his 
 own people, but from the whole community. It would be almost impos- 
 sible to overestimate the extent of the attachment felt for him. His death 
 was like a household aflliction to all who intimately knew him. Each fa- 
 mily of his first charge had some precious reminiscence of "the Domine." 
 His urbanity of manners exerted a most remarkable power, winning the 
 affection and esteem of all classes of persons. Those in humble life spake 
 with pride of his afJtibility to them, and his interest in their affairs. 
 
 "While neither bashful nor timid, he was a man of unaffected modesty. 
 He esteemed others better than himself; yet when called to the perform- 
 ance of a public duty, he did not hesitate to go forward, when his ability 
 appeared. His sound judgment, his energetic zeal, combined as they were 
 with perfect frankness and cordial manners, eminently fitted him to take a 
 large share in the business of the church. 
 
 His sermons were marked by solid sense and sound divinity ; they were 
 clear and concise in style, and scriptural in substance and in form, show- 
 ing him to be a well-furnished workman. His acceptance of the call to 
 Newark gave an unanticipated zest to that enterprise. Eveiy thing 
 flourished. There was no lack of means to build a magnificent church. 
 The hall in which they worshipped was crowded. All loved him. He had 
 found his vray to the garret and to the cellar, and had spoken many an 
 earnest word of Christ whose fruits appeared after liis death. His people 
 doted on him. But three short months terminated his labors among 
 them. They heard of his sickness. They felt their weakness. But their 
 prayers were not answered, at least in the way they desired. — Memorial. 
 
 Polhemus, Henry, b. at Harlingen, 1772, C.N.J., 1794, studied theology 
 under Romeyn, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798; Harlingen and New-Shanic, 1798-1809, 
 English Neighborhood, 1809-13, Shawangunck, 1813-lG, d. 
 
 Polhemus, Johannes T. Brooklyn, Mid wont, Amersfort, 1G54-G0, Midwont 
 and Amersfort, 16G0-76, d. 
 Up to 1654, the Dutch on Long Island had been without a church or 
 
180 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 minister, and were obliged to cross the East River to attend divine service 
 At length the evil became so great that Domine Megapolensis and a com- 
 mittee were sent over to Midwont, (Flatbush,) to organize a church. This 
 was done Feb. 9th, 1654. The Classis of Amsterdam was requested to select 
 a qualified preacher. But before one was found, John T. Polhemus arrived, 
 who had been for some time stationed at Itamarca, Brazil, having stopped 
 on his way and organized a Reformed Church at New-Amstel, Del. — Doo. 
 Elst. N. Y. {III.) 70, Col. Mist. K Y. {II.) 72. 
 
 [Pomp, Nicholas, b. 1734, studied at University of Halle, came to America, 
 1765, Falkner Swamp, 1765-83, Baltimore, 1783-9, Gosenhoppen, 1789- 
 90; Indianfield, Bcehm's Ch. 1790-1800, died 1819.] 
 
 Mr. Pomp was small in stature. His natural abilities were good, and 
 well disciplined by education. His sermons evinced a high order of talent, 
 were evangelical and catholic. He had a slight impediment in his speech, 
 j^et he was always acceptable. For the last twenty years of his life, his 
 infirmities not allowing him to take a charge, he lived with his son. Rev. 
 Thomas Pomp, pastor at Easton, Pa. He still occasionally preached, and 
 when, by a fall from his horse, he was incapacitated from riding either on 
 horseback or in a carriage, so fond were the people of hearing him, that he 
 was several times carried on a litter a dozen miles, that they might hear 
 the Gospel from his lips. 
 
 Poole, Ciias. H. U.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1866,1. S. 01. L.T. 1866; Bedminster, 
 1866— 
 
 Porter, Elbert Stothoff, (son-in-law of P. S. Wynkoop,) C.N.J. 1839, 
 N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. N.B. 1842, Miss, to Chatham, 1842-3, Chatham, 
 1843-9, Williamsburgh, 1849 — ; also Editor of Christian Intelligencer., 
 1852-1868. 
 
 Porter, Reuben, w. c. 1840-55. 
 
 Proudfit, Alex. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. and P.S. 1861. 
 
 Proudfit, Robt. R. R.C. 1854, N.B.S. and P.S. 1862, Chaplain U. S. A. 
 
 Proudfit, John U.C 1823, P.S. 1826; (Newburyport, Mass. 18. .-. .,) Prof, 
 in N. Y. University, 1833-8, Prof, of Latin and Greek Lit. in Rutgers 
 College, 1841-54, Prof, of Greek Lit. 1854-61, Presbyt. 1864. 
 
 QuACKEXBUsn, Daniel McL. C.C. 1836, N.B.S. 1839, 1. Assoc. Presbyt. 
 N.Y. 1839; (Hebron, Assoc. Presb. 1841-7,) Wawarsing, 1849-51, Fish- 
 kill Landing, 1851-5, missionary pastor in Chapel of the Ch. of Brooklyn 
 Heights, 1855-9, Hastings, 1859-60, Prospect Hill, N.Y.C. 1860— 
 
 Quaw, Jas. E. N.B.S. 1828, miss, at Tyashoke, 1828-9, at Lysander, 1829- 
 30, Dashville Falls, 1831-4, Breakabin, Cobleskill, and Schoharie Mt. 
 1834-6, w. c. 1836-45, lost on Lake Erie. 
 
TIIK MINISTRY. 181 
 
 Quick, An. Messler, R.C. 18G1, N.B.S. 1804, 1. CI. N.B. 18C4; Port Jack- 
 son, 18Gd — 
 
 Quick, John J. N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1839; Jackson, 1840-3, 
 Fairfiehl, 1845-9, Wynantskill, 1849-04, Cun ytown, 1855-G, Maplctown 
 and Currytown, 1850-61, Mapletown, 18G1-2, w. c. 1802-7, S.S. Fort 
 Herkimer, 18G7-8, w.c— 
 
 Quick, Peteu J. R.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1830; Clarks- 
 town, 1837-00, vr. c. — 
 
 Quinx, Robt. a. b. 1803, N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833; Caughna\Taga, 
 
 1833-5, Oyster Bay, 1835-41, Manayunk, 1842-7, Stone House Plains, 
 
 1847-9, Chaplain at Sailors' Snug Harbor, 1852-3, d. 
 
 After performing his duties as chaplain, on Jan. 31st, at Sailors' Snug 
 
 Harbor, he was deliberately shot through the heart by Herman Ingalls, an 
 
 old sailor, who, it is said, had revealed his past life crimes to his chaplain, 
 
 and now feared exposure. Ingalls then immediately shot himself. He was 
 
 much given to muttering and solitary walking, and his companions thought 
 
 he had been a pirate, and was troubled with remorse. Mr. Quinn had been 
 
 chaplain of the institution for eleven years. 
 
 Rand, W. TT. from Waldo Asso. Vt. 1841 ; Canastota, 1841-4. 
 
 Randall, Peter G. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. N.Y. 1841. 
 
 Rapalje, Daniel, R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1858; voyage to 
 China, Oct. 1858-March, 1859, Amoy, 1859-00, in America, 180G-9, sailed 
 for China, Jan. 9th, 1809. 
 [Ranch, Christian Henry, miss, to Indians on the Borders of New-York and 
 Connecticut; — at Shekomcko, an Indian village in the Stissick Mountain, 
 1740-5, miss, among the Germans in Lancaster, Berks, and Lebanon Cos. 
 1745-9, Litiz, (Warwick,) Pa. 1749-53, became a Moravian, Salem, N.C.] 
 Came to America before 1740, and was commissioned by the brethren in 
 Nazareth, in that year, to visit the Indians. Ileckwelder's narrative says, 
 "With these instructions," (not to interfere with any other laborers, but if 
 anj'' were prepared to receive the grace of God, to preach the Gospel to such,) 
 " the missionary Christain Henry Ranch, a very amiable and pious man, set 
 out, otherwise knowing nothing of the people to whom he was to preach 
 the Gospel, nor even where to find them, being an utter stranger in the 
 land ; but being assured of his call, he placed full confidence in God that 
 he would assist him and lead him to tho.se brethren to whom he was sent." 
 Discouragements were thrown in his way in New-York, by representa- 
 tions of the debaucheries of the Indians, yet meeting with some of them 
 when sober, from the locality to which he was going, he found them trac- 
 table, and secured an invitation from them to visit their tribe. In the course 
 of a year or a little more he had about thirty converts. But the whites, 
 who were accustomed to make gain from the ignorance and love of drink 
 of the Indians, bitterly opposed the missionary. All sorts of slanders were 
 
182 TUE MINISTRY. 
 
 invented, until in 1745, he was compelled to leave the field! He belonged 
 to the union movement of the da}', and became a laborious missionary in 
 Pennsylvania, among the scattered Germans. — HarhaugVs Lives. 
 
 Ilawls, John, N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819; Columbia, 1820-23, w. c. 
 1823-6, suspended. 
 
 Raymond, Henry A. Y.C. 1825, N.B.S. 1828, 1. CI. of Poughkeepsie, 1828; 
 Sharon, Lawyersville, and Cobleskill, 1829-32, Fairfield, 1883-5, Niska- 
 yuna, 1836-50, Owasco, 1851-3, Amity,1853-6, Lawyersville and Sharon, 
 1856-64, Boght and Rensselaer, 1864— 
 
 Reed, Hollis, from Cong. Ch. 1853 ; w. c. 1853-5. 
 
 [Reid, Samuel H. Race St. G.R. Philadelphia, 175.] 
 
 Reidenbach, J. A. Ger. Evang. Brooklyn, E. D. 1865-6. 
 
 [Reiger, John Bartholomaus, b. 1707, on the Rhine, studied in Basle and 
 Heidelberg, came to America, 1731 ; supplied Lancaster, Pa. 1736-46, 
 supplied ShaefFerstown and Zeltenrich, (now New-IIolland,) 1746-. .d. 
 
 1769.] 
 
 Reily, D. T. R.C. 1857, 1. CI. KB. 1866 ; Prof, of Latin in Rutgers Coll. 
 1860-68, Prof, of Latin in R.C. and Rector of Grammar School, 1868 — 
 
 Reiley, Wm. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1886, 1. CI 1836; Hurley, 1836-9, 
 
 Middletown, N. J. 1839— 
 
 Renskers, Gerrit Jan, from Presbyt. of Michigan; Clymer, 1868 — 
 
 Renslaer, see Van Rensselaer. 
 
 Rhinehart, J. Kelly, R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Orange, 1862; Rox- 
 bury, 1862— 
 
 Rice, C. D. Y.C. 1. by Hampden Asso. Mass. 1839 ; (Granby, Ct. 1839-42, 
 East-Douglass, Mass. 1842-52, Poughkeepsie, 1854-60, all Cong.) 1860, 
 in Ref Ch. ; Prin. of CoUeg. Instit. for young ladies, Poughkeepsie, 18G0 — 
 
 Rice, Henry L. P.S. 1821, Spottswood, 1825-33, [Chambersburgh (G.R.) 
 1834-7, d.] 
 
 Ricketts, J. H. S. S. Princetown,1863-5, w. c. 1807. 
 
 Riddle, David H. J. C. 1823, P. S. 1828, 1. Presbt. of Winchester, 1828, 
 [Winchester, 1829-33, Pittsburgh 8d, 1833-57,] Jersey City, 1st, 1857- 
 -02, [Pros, of Jefferson Coll. 1803-0, Prof of Moral Philosophy in 
 Washington and Jefferson Coll. 1866-8, Martinsburgh, Va. 1808 — ] 
 
 Riddle, Matthew B. (s. of David H. Riddle,) J. C. 1852, Alleghany S. and 
 N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Bergen, 1850; Heidelberg University, (Europe,) 
 1800-1, Chaplain in the army, 1861, Hoboken, 1861-5, Newark 2d, 
 1805- 
 
TIIK MINISTUV. 183 
 
 Riedel, F. W. A. N. B. S. 185S, 1. CI. N.Y. 1858; S. S. JcfTersonvillc, 
 1858-C], also at Tluimansville, 1800-1, became a llomau Catholic; 
 returned 1807. 
 
 [Riess, Jacob, Ncw-Goscnhoppen, 1702 — ..] 
 
 Riley, Isaac, Thirty -fourth st. N.Y.C. 18G3— 
 
 Ritzema, Joliannes, b. 1710, New-York, 1744-84, (absent from city, dur- 
 ing Revolution.) Kindcrhook, 1778-88. Also frequently officiated at Har- 
 lem, Philipsburgli, Fordham, and Cortlandt. 
 
 He was a conservative member of the Coetus until the disruption, when 
 he left that bod}', and he and De Ronde were most active spirits in the or- 
 ganization and support of the Confercntie. Yet he sustained a most esti- 
 timablc personal character in the church and in the community. Ilis ser- 
 mons were of a high order. He wrote several pamphlets in answer to 
 those of Leydt, who favored independence. 
 
 Robb, John, North-IIempsttad, 1835-7, w. c. ISST-io, S. S. at Unionville, 
 1839. 
 
 Robbing, S. died 1830. 
 
 Robertson, Noel. C.C. 1823, P.S. 1S26 ; Wilmington, N.C. 1826-8, 
 
 miss, to Manayunk, 1828, d. 
 
 This amiable young minister was suddenly stricken down, while in the 
 emplo}' of the Missionary Society of the R. D. Church. He would shortly 
 have been installed at Manayunk. He was descended from a family of 
 eminent piety. His discourses were more plain than energetic and showy, 
 3'et well furnished. There was a soft and touching tenderness and deep 
 affection in them, rather than force and eloquence or power. He was noted 
 for his s\'stematic habits ; modest}', affection, frankness, and unaffected 
 piety were some of the elements of his character. He was stricken down 
 by the epidemic fever then prevailing, and which quickly ended his life. 
 Mag. R.D. Cm. Z-2\. 
 
 Robertson, Samuel, W. C. 1812, P. S. 1815, (Huntington, N. J.— Dryden, 
 N. Y.— Stillwater, N. Y.— ) Canajoharie, 1837-8, Sclioharie, 1839- 
 43, AYesteilo, 1843-8, Presbyt. in Wisconsin. 
 
 Rockwell, Charles, Y. C. 182G, A.S. 1834, 1. by Andover Assoc. 1834 ; 
 (Chatham, Mass., 1839-45, Pelham, N. H. 1854-5,) Kiskatom, 1800-6, 
 Assoc. Hef. ' 
 
 Rockwell, Geo. N.P>.S. 1851,1. CI. Westchester, 1851 ; Waterloo, 1851^, 
 Thousand Isles, 1854 — 
 
 Roe, Sanford W. U.N.Y. 1847, U.S. 1851, 1. 4th Presl)yt. N. Y. 1851 ; [Cairo, 
 1852-60, Jamestown, 1860-5,] Germantown, N. Y. 18GG-8, w. c. 
 
 RoGEKS, Ebenezek P. Y.C. 1837, P.S. 1840, 1. S. Assoc. Litchfield, Conn. 
 1840; [Chicopee Falls, Mass. Cong. 1840-3, Northampton, 1843-7, Au- 
 
184 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 gusta, Ga. Presbyt. 1847-53, Philadelphia, 1853-6] Albany, 1856-62, 
 South, New-York, 18G2— 
 
 Kogers, Leonard. N.B.S. 1832 1. CI. N.B. 1832 ; Oatlin, 1832-3, Sand 
 Beach, 1833-4, w.c. 1838. 
 
 Rogers, L. 0. N.B.S. 1860. 
 
 Rogers, Samuel J. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862,1. CI. N. Y. 1862; Battle 
 Creek, 1862-5, Geneva, 1865— 
 
 RoMAiNE, Benj. F. R.C. 1842, 1. Assoc. N. Y. and Brooklyn, 1850 ; Editor 
 of the American Sj^iectator at Albany, 1842-57, S.S. Canajoharie, 1857 
 -9, Canajoharie, 1859-62, Bound Brook, 1862-8, Sec. Coloniz. Soc. Ohio, 
 1868— 
 
 Romeyn, Benjamin, (s, of Thos. Romeyn,) b. 1774, and died just as he 
 finished his theological studies. 
 
 Romeyn, Dirck, (or Theodoric,) (brother of Thos. Romeyn, Sr., b. at Hack- 
 ensack, 1744, C.N.J. 1765, studied theol. under J. H. Goetschius; 
 licensed by the American Classis, 1766 ; Marbletown, Rochester, and Wa- 
 warsing, 1766-75, also occasionally supplied Upper Red Hook and Red 
 Hook Landing, 1773-4, Hackensack (1st,) and Schraalenberg (1st,) 1775 
 -84, Schenectady, 1784-1804, d. Also Lector in Theology, 1792-7, 
 Prof, in Theology, 1797-1804. 
 
 He possessed a mind strong and energetic, more than ordinarily compre- 
 hensive, and capable of viewing things in their natures, their connections, 
 their dependencies and ends. His apprehension was quick and his under- 
 standing clear and informed. His judgment was sound and mature, and 
 his memory remarkably retentive. In the application of these powers of 
 mind, he was chiefly bent upon his professional studies. In these he most 
 delighted, and labored most of all to excel. He was versed in the circles 
 of general science, well read in history, and had made no mean attainments 
 in the philosophy of the human mind. 
 
 In the discharge of his ministerial functions he proved himself an able 
 minister of the New Testament, a watchman that needed not to be ashamed. 
 As he had loved the doctrines of grace, and had experienced their power 
 and influence on his own heart, so also he insisted on them in his public 
 ministrations. His theme uniformly was Christ and him crucified. Hisman- 
 ncr'was bold, intrepid, and daring. In the execution of his duties, he M'as 
 neither daunted nor moved. He was the Boanerges of the day. When he pro- 
 nounced Ebal's curses against the wicked, it was like the thunders of Sinai, 
 lie, however, was not incapable of the pathetic. He could at times move 
 the heart and melt the audience to tears. His discourses were solid and 
 interesting, oftentimes enlivened hj historical anecdotes. In the introduc- 
 tion of these he was peculiarily happy. He always entered deeply into his 
 subject. His delivery was animated and unaffected, without ostentation, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 185 
 
 and becoming his subject. lie aimed at notliing but what was perfectly 
 natural. 
 
 In his intercourse with the world he supported a becoming dignity. In- 
 dependence of sentiment marked its patli through its busy rounds. lie 
 knew not how to dissemble, lie was polite to all, familiar with few. This 
 rendered the circle of his intimates contracted, and the number of his con- 
 fidential friends small. In his conversation he was interesting, and always 
 instructive, lie was a pillar and an ornament to socictj'. Saj's one of 
 him, " lie was unquestionably the first man in our churcli, among tlic first 
 in the whole American church." 
 
 He and Dr. Livingston were constant correspondents ; they discussed 
 by letter all the important affairs of the denomination, during its formative 
 period. lie was the counsellor of senators, the adviser and compeer of 
 the warriors of the Revolution, and an efficient co-worker with the pa- 
 triot. He took the lead in his State, in giving an impetus to the support and 
 patronage of classical learning ; he was greatly instrumental in the found- 
 ing of Union College at Schenectady. 
 
 Romeyn, James, (s. of J. V. C. Roraeyn,) b. at Greenbush, 1797, C.C. 1816, 
 N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819; Nassau, 1820-7, Six Mile Run, 1827-33, 
 Hackensack, 1833-6, Catskill, 1836-40, Leeds, 18-42-4, Bergen Neck, 
 1844-50, Geneva, 1850-1, emeritus, d. 1859. 
 
 No one attempts an easy task who would depict adequately and yet briefly, 
 the character of James Romej'n. We do not expect entire success. Mr. 
 Romeyn was of an exceedingly sensitive temperament. This peculiarity 
 measurably unfitted him for contact with a rough world, but gave extreme 
 ardor to the pursuit of studies he loved, and rendered him, with his strong 
 mental endowments, perhaps the most eloquent of our preachers — a flame 
 of fire in the pulpit. His utterance was rapid in the extreme, yet in all his 
 best da3'S distinct, his posture a little stooped, his 03-0 following his notes 
 closelj^, his action not ungraceful, but vivacious and impressive. His stj'Ie 
 was sententious, full of Scripture, of which a leading word or two gave you 
 the passage and its use in the argument. His quotations and allusions of 
 all kinds, and his abundant, and to any buthimself almost redundant, com- 
 parisons and figures, so characterized his sermons as to render them alto- 
 gether peculiar. Sometimes a closing sentence gave finish and power to a 
 paragraph or argument. Thus after showing how science fails in religion, 
 he says : " To attempt thus to back revelation, is like holding a lamp beside 
 the sun, or gilding gold, or propping the Alps." On the assumptions and 
 progress of popery, " There is a sword whose edge and point are penetra- 
 ting the vitals of this land, whose handle is at Rome." Discussing religious 
 form without religious power, he concludes : " We may be stable as a pillar 
 and conservative as salt, and prove notwithstanding, like Lot's wife, (whom 
 we are commanded to remember,) a living body transformed into a dead 
 mass, and be nothing but a monument of folly and disobedience after all." 
 In preaching, an irrepressible fire seemed to burn within him, ever seeking 
 
186 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 to flash upon others its Hght and heat in every form of rapid and intense 
 expression. "Divine Redeemer, set me as a seal upon thy heart!" " My 
 soul shall make her boast in the Lord !" " The humble shall hear thereof 
 and be glad !" "For me to live is Christ!" "This God is our God forever 
 and ever, he shall be our guide even unto death !" " Remember thee I If I 
 forget thee, my bleeding, dying Lord, let my right hand forget her cun- 
 ning !" 
 
 " Did ever pity stoop so low, " 
 Dressed in divinity and blood ? 
 Was ever rebel courted so 
 
 In groans of an expiripg God f " 
 
 With such impetuous burning words, his face and whole system in a 
 glow, would he preach for more than an hour commonly, and then, while 
 at Catskill, would often cease, to find himself completely exhausted, and to 
 be helped through the window beside the pulpit and to his bed in the par- 
 sonage in rear of the church. 
 
 Mr. Romcyn has left only three sermons in print. General Synod, 1842 ; 
 the American Tract Society, 184:2 ; and " A parting Memoiial," 1857. Be- 
 sides these we have his extended " Report," General Synod, 1848, which cost 
 him great labor; and though criticised unmercifull}'-, its suggestions have 
 been abundantly proved wise and judicious. It is to be regretted that his 
 manuscripts are so written as to be now wholly illegible. He refused the 
 D.D. In person, Mr. Romeyn was tall, face large, forehead large and re- 
 treating, features prominent, eyes grayish blue, hair light brown, parted 
 from the right side, short, neat and smooth. lie was a man to impress you, 
 voice full, manners ministerial, but modest and unstudied, conversation 
 turning constantly to the church and religious themes. He was gifted in 
 prayer, and his asking a blessing at table worth a journey to hear. He very 
 seldom indeed spoke anywhere without the paper. He was disabled by 
 paralysis, at Geneva, 1850, and this attack acting on an extremely nervous 
 constitution, gradually destroyed both body and mind, until after some 
 years of suffering he was admitted to his rest. — A. D. B. 
 
 In the Seminary, it is said of him, he was never tardy in time, nor loose 
 in preparation. In his intercourse with his fellow-students, he was blithe 
 and joyous, with an unfailing smile of good-fellovrship. He was never angry, 
 though his nature was impulsive. His earlj;- efforts at sermonizing showed 
 the budding of that rich and exuberant imagination which so eminently 
 distinguished his more mature efforts. He would pursue a principal thought 
 into its successive inferences, associations, corollaries, and suggestions, un- 
 til it made almost a complete circle of Christian doctrine. When he had 
 made one of these successful efforts which showed him to be a head and 
 shoulders taller than many of his seniors, he did not seem to be aware of 
 the fact. 
 
 As a preacher he never occupied as conspicuous a position as his abilities 
 merited, partly on account of shattered health, and partly because he shun- 
 ned publicity. His rapid and impetuous delivery impaired the effect of 
 his sermons, but his mind was engine-like in its workings. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 187 
 
 His discourses exhibited great intellectual power, being always well pre- 
 pared, full of the marrow of the Gospel, glowing imagery, and brilliant 
 thought ; yet his wonderful rapidity of utterance seemed at first to confound 
 the mind, as it required the closest attention to follow him. He always 
 came to the sanctuary with beaten oil, feeling deeply that the responsibility 
 of souls was upon him. Ilis conscientiousness on this subject prevented 
 him from accepting of several rcspoifsible fields which were freely offered 
 him. His illustrations were gathered from every class of objects in tlie na- 
 tural Avorld, as well as from histor}' and science. Any thing forcible or 
 beautiful, found b)' him, was marked, and found a place in his reference 
 book, and hence he was always ready with a store of apt and brilliant im- 
 agery. His clerical brethren were happy to receive from him the messages 
 of salvation. He was ever instructive and encouraging to them, and his 
 labors were highl}' prized for their elevating and ennobling character. On 
 one occasion, rising from a sick-bed to fulfill an engagement, he poured forth 
 a tide of eloquence for more than an hour, and sinking exhausted on his 
 seat called on the venei'able Dr. Porter, sitting in a pew near the pulpit, 
 to conclude with prayer. Overwhelmed with the big thoughts and burning 
 words of the preacher, he commenced his prayer with an earnest thanks- 
 giving for the feast of fat things which they had received, and then added, 
 " But, Lord, thou hast given our dear brother a mighty mind and big 
 heart, but thou knowest thou hast put them in a poor, weak body. Lord, 
 bless his bod}^, oh ! bless his body, to keep that mind and heart for future 
 service." 
 
 "With his tall form strung up to the highest nervous tension, and his 
 tongue pouring forth a lava-tide of burning eloquence, he was one of the 
 most powerful of preachers, not noted so much for literary polish, or for 
 originality in fancy, or for erudition, or pathos, but almost unequalcd in the 
 grander sublimities of eloquence. He was a Boanerges. 
 
 He saw the great system of revealed truth in all its grandeur, and he bent 
 his mighty energies to set it forth in its most impressive manner, from the 
 time he entered the ministry till his Master's hand was laid upon him. He 
 made as much preparation to address a little gathering in a country-.school- 
 house, as for the great congregation on the Sabbath. At funerals he was 
 always happy in his choice of sul>jecls, and in his manner of presenting 
 them. In some of his flights of eloquence, a silence like that of death 
 would come over his audience. He was wonderfully apposite in his quo- 
 tations from Scripture, and the passage as uttered by him would often be 
 fastened on the memory of his hearer for a life-time. Equally remarkable 
 in this respect was his power in prayer — tlie richest expressions from the 
 word of God pouring from his lips. 
 
 He was especially noted for his zeal. He was an earnest, laborious, and 
 faithful worker. He was also kind and attentive to the suffering and ilying. 
 He perhaps expected too much fi'om human nature, and sometimes seemed 
 severe in expressing his views of the actions of Christian men. He saw and 
 felt how things ought to be, and if he could not effect these changes, it rcn- 
 
188 THE MINISTRYo 
 
 dered him unhapp}'. But many of his strong expressions are to be attri- 
 buted to the structure of his mind, for he thought, and wrote, and spoke, 
 in figures, often warm and glowing. 
 
 He was stricken with paralysis while in his chamber, in Geneva, a few 
 days before the time fixed for his ordination. . He had already made a great 
 and most favorable impression in that community. From this time disease 
 continually tried him ; his nervous system was all unhinged, and wearisome 
 days and nights were appointed him. 
 
 Romeyn, Jas. Van Campen, (s. of Thos. Romeyn,) b. at Minisink, 1765, 
 Schenectady Academy, 1784, studied theology under D. Romeyn, 1. by 
 Synod of D.R. Chs. 1787 ; Schodack and Greenbush, 1788-94, Greenbush 
 and Wynantskill, 1794-9, Hackensack, (2d,) and Schraalenburgh, (2d,) 
 1799-1833, d. 1840. 
 
 He was one of the four sons of Thomas Romeyn, all of whom studied for 
 the ministry. He was the subject of religious impressions at an early age, 
 and his remarkable stability of character may be traced to the influence of 
 a conscience correctly trained, and views of truth formed in the light of the 
 divine testimony, fondly cherished, and carefully and consistently applied. 
 He was not distinguished so much for energy of action, for eloquence of 
 speech, for vastness of conception, or for originality of plan ; yet in the con- 
 sideration of his character, there is a feeling of satisfaction and admiration. 
 His mind was correct, his judgment clear, his plans marked by usefulness, 
 and in all he did he was distinguished for a large predominance of high 
 moral qualities. No one could charge him with rash enterprise, doubti'ul 
 expedients, personal antipathies, excited words, retaliating acts, or irritating 
 and aggressive measures. The proportions of his character were in admira- 
 ble adjustment. There was an honesty and transparency of purpose, a self- 
 control and calmness in manner, a steadiness in action, and directness in 
 his policies, which constrained respectful attention and delicate regard for 
 his suggestions and avowals. He walked with God in the cultivation of 
 personal piety. During a double charge of thirty-five years, it is not known 
 that there was one act of collision, or one unkind, unsettling word or cir- 
 cumstance in his congregations. In the affairs of the church he was uniformly 
 the ready helper, the judicious counsellor, the pacificator. Without the form 
 of judicial authority, he wielded an influence far more effectual, desirable, 
 and honorable. Without their ever having seen him or heard him, he was 
 called to the distracted churches of Bergen Co., N. J., on the ground of his 
 reputation, as a man of forbearance, discretion, and piety. He was con- 
 temporary with Solomon Froeligh, at Hackensack and Schraalenburgh, for 
 nearly thirty years, and was the nearest witness of the sad secession which 
 has so long afflicted those localities. It became his dut}^, indeed, to present 
 this matter to Synod, for their action. He was inflexible where principle 
 was involved; yielding, where it was not. A casual acquaintance would 
 not understand his merits. His whole disposition led to retirement and a 
 noiseless course of life. His disinterestedness was frequently and nobly 
 
THE MINISTRY. 189 
 
 displayed. In the summer of 1832, ho was struck with paral\'sis, and, 
 though partially restored, aud able to olliciatc again, yet a second attack, in 
 April, 1833, compelled him to cease from labor. His last effort to preach, 
 at a communion season, touched every heart most deeply. Whatever he 
 had intended to say, he burst forth in the cry, " Have pity on me, my 
 friends ! for the hand of God has touched me !" and his utterance was soon 
 choked. From the day his tongue refused to speak, he yielded up all his 
 perquisites — a fair specimen of his generosity. Few men exceeded him in 
 the power of scriptural illustration, and ability to weave the phraseology 
 of the Bible into the structure of his sentences ; in concentrating thought 
 and giving an attractive flavor and raciness to his productions. He took a 
 very active part in the endowment of Queens College, in 1810. The last 
 eight years of his life, he was a paralytic ; but the same patience and meek- 
 ness, the same cairn and tranquillizing hope, became more conspicuous. 
 
 Romcyn, Jeremiah, (nephew of Thomas Romeyn,) b. in N.Y.C. 17G8, studied 
 under D. Romcyn and II. Meyer, 1. by Syn. R.D. Chs. 1788; Linlithgo, 
 and supplied also Upper and Lower Red Hook, 1788-180G, Harlem, 1806 
 -14, supplied Schoharie Kill and Beaverdam, (Roxbury,) 1814—17, sup- 
 plied Woodstock, Dec. 1817-Feb. 1818, died in July, 1818. Also Prof, 
 of Hebrew, 1797-1818. 
 
 " He was a man of imposing personal appearance, of full habit, grave, dig- 
 nified, and graceful. His head was finely formed ; his visage dark, with a 
 dark-blue, powerful ej^e, well set under an expanded brow ; his countenance 
 florid; his hair full and white," (1812,) "and usually powdered when en- 
 tering the pulpit, or associating with gentlemen of the olden school." 
 
 With an excellent voice of large compass, and with a deliberate manner, 
 he was an interesting and pleasing speaker. He preached without notes. 
 He was able to combine divers styles of sermonizing and manner in a single 
 discourse — the didactic, descriptive, discursive, and illustrative. He would 
 sometimes begin with an exordium remotum, like the Dutch, then reason 
 calmly and closely, in the English style, and perhaps finish with the lively 
 and picturesque manner of the French. He was entirely self-possessed, and 
 manifested profound thought in his preaching. — Sprar/iie's Annals. 
 
 Romeyn, John Brodhead, (s. of Dirck Romeyn,) b. J777, C.C. 1795, studied 
 under Livingston, 1. CI. Albany, 1798; Rhinebeck Flats, 1799-1803, 
 (Schenectady, Prcsbyt. 1803-4, Albany, Presbyt. 1804-8, New-York, 
 Cedar St. Presbyt. 1808-25,) d. 
 
 He left the Dutch connection, accepting a call to the Presbyterian Church 
 of Schenectady, that he might be near his aged father, to soothe him in his 
 declining days. The venerable professor rejoiced at the opening usefulness 
 and honors of his only son. He was called in a few years to New-York. 
 His friends trembled for the result of this bold experiment. His people 
 consisted of some of the most enterprising and spirited men of the city. 
 But here his genius, his power of discrimination, his decisive and energetic 
 
190 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 mind, and his eloquence, gained him attention and success. Humility, 
 meekness, and consummate discretion tempered the more rigid traits of his 
 decisive and intrepid soul. It was a new congregation, under the very sha- 
 dow of the church of the renowned Dr. Mason. Yet he collected and bound 
 together a loving people, and was the successful instrument in melting them 
 down to the obedience of the cross. He maintained his eminent position 
 amid all the talent and eloquence of the mart of America. His people 
 ever adhered to him, declaring that he was their j^r^i pastor, in every re- 
 spect. Yet he had his trials. An acute sensibility had been cherished un- 
 til it became morbid ; which, combined with intellectual and bodily labors, 
 brought him to a comparatively early grave. — See Sprague's Annals. 
 
 Romeyn, Theodore B. (s. of Jas. Romeyn,) R.C. 1840, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. 
 Bergen, 1849; Blawenberg, 1849-65, Hackensack, 1st, 1865— 
 
 Romeyn, Theodore F. b. 1760, (s. of Thos. Romeyn,) studied under Living- 
 ston (?) 1. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1783 ; Raritan and 
 Bedminster, Nov. 1784-Sept. '85, d. 
 
 Romeyn, Thomas, (Sr.,)b. atPompton, 1729, C.N.J. 1750, studied under Goet- 
 schius and T. Frelinghuysen, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1752; Success, New- 
 town, Oyster Bay, and Jamaica, 1753-60, Minisink, Walpeck, Smithfield, 
 and Deerpark, 1700-71, also occasionally supplying Clove Station, Ulster 
 Co. N.Y., Caughnawaga, 1771-94, d. 
 
 After preaching a few times on Long Island, he sailed, in April, 1752, to 
 Holland, for ordination. On his settlement in Long Island, though a pru- 
 dent man, he found it difficult to still the troubled waters. His call, also, 
 was not unanimous. In 1757, De Ronde usurped authoiity by presiding 
 at a meeting of the disaffected elements, and another minister was called. 
 Romeyn being a quiet and peaceful man sought freedom from the strife in 
 another field of labor. 
 
 Romeyn, Thomas, b. at Caughnawaga, 1777, (s. of Thos. Romeyn,) U.C. 
 
 1797, studied under D. Romeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1798 ;• Florida, 1800-0, 
 
 Niskayuna and Amity, 1806-27, w. c. 1827-57, d. 
 
 Nature had endowed him with a majestic frame, and his dignified per- 
 sonal appearance was calculated to impress those who met him. His words 
 were weighty, and his opinions carefully guarded. In business afRiirs he 
 was scrupulously just and honest. He could indulge in a quiet humor 
 which amused the social circle, or gave inimitable point to some keen re- 
 flection. Never boisterous nor violent, his genial spirit flowed like a peace- 
 ful river. He was fixed in his vi'^ws, and calmly self-possessed in main- 
 taining them ; a thoughtful, reflecting man, he was seldom or never taken 
 by surprise. Neither in personal affairs nor in the councils of the church 
 did he display the hurried manner and action whicli betokened impulse 
 without deliberation. His understanding was one of masculine vigor. He 
 dealt with principles, and jealously guarded their maintenance and applica- 
 tion. His preaching was eminently scriptural and experimental. His 
 
THE MINISTRY. 191 
 
 peaccfal spirit would not allow him to indulge in controversy, lie was a 
 careful student and observer of the constitution and order of the church. 
 His views were generally far-reaching, sagacious, accurate, and consistent. 
 His opinions were always treated with the highest respect and considera- 
 tion. His attainments were respectable, and his reading was carefully di- 
 gested and stored for use. He was not an orator, nor did he aim at the 
 •graces of composition ; yet he could enchain an audience bj'- his solemn and 
 calm earnestness, his logical argument, and his forcible appeal. In 1827, 
 he was obliged to resign pastoral duties, because of fiiilure in health. In 
 18i8, he met with a fall, which crippled him for the rest of his life. 
 
 RoMOXDT, C. R. V. (or Von Romondt,) R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1844; Prof. Modern Langs, in Rutgers Coll. 184G-59, Greenville, 18G0-1, 
 S.S. Cold Spring, 18G2, w. c— 
 
 Roof, Garret L. U.C. 18.31 ; Auriesville, 1847-50, Port Jackson, 1850-5, 
 Southwest-Troy, 1855-64. 
 
 Roosa, Egbert, from Prcsbyt. of Columbia; Miss, to Shokan, 1828-30, Sho- 
 kan, (S.S.) 1831-4, (Bath, Presbyt.) 
 
 Roosevelt, Washington, Bronxville, 1857 — 
 
 Rose, Louis, French Ref. New- York, 1724 — ... 
 
 Rosegrant, (Rosenkrantz,) Elijah, Q.C. 1791, studied under Livingston, lie. 
 by the Partic. Synod of D.R. Chs. 1794; became a physician at Paramus, 
 d. 1832. 
 
 Rosencrantz, J. From Presbyt. of Utica; S.S. Princetown, 1849-50. 
 
 Rosenkrantz, Ab. Canajoharie, 17.. -1758, Ger. Ref. N.Y.C. 1758-9, (un- 
 der the Ger. Coetus at this time,) Schoharie, (and Canajoharie, [?] ) 1700 
 -Go, Canajoharie and German Flats, (same as Great Flat.s,) 17Go-94, d. 
 
 [Rothenbergler, (Rothenbiihler,) Fred. b. at Berne, Switz. 172G, studied at 
 Berne, ordained 1752 ; (Ilaag and Amsterdam, Holland, 1759-GO, pastor 
 Ger. Ref. Ch. London, Eng. 17G0-1,) Ger. Ref. N.Y.C. 1761-2, (Ger. 
 Coetus,) Philadelphia, Ger. 1762-5, (?) deposed, d. 1766.] 
 
 Rouse, Peter P. b. 1798, at Athens, N.Y. U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. 
 
 N.B. 1821; Florida, 1822-8, Brooklyn, 1828-33,' d. 
 
 His early religious impressions, his great amiability of temper, and re- 
 spectable talents, soon pointed him out as a fit candidate for the ministry. 
 But his life was brief. lie was instant, in season and out of season, not 
 only in the pulpit, but from house to house; and in the family circle, in 
 the sick-room, at the dying bed, he ftvithfully preached the Gospel. It was 
 while in the performance of one of these labors of love that he experienced 
 a violent hemorrhage of the lungs, which, in a few months, terminated his 
 useful life. He had been suddenly called on to visit a person in great afflic- 
 tion of body and distress of mind, and he was so painfully afTected by the 
 
192 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 scene, that, with a delicate nervous system, aud in great excitement of 
 mind on returning home, he burst a blood-vessel. But, as his short career 
 in hfe had been pious and useful, so was his death peaceful and happy. 
 
 Rowan, Stephen, b. at Salem, N.Y. 1787, U.C. 1804, studied under J, 11. 
 
 Meyer and Jer. Romeyn, 1. 01. N.Y. 1806; Greenwich, N.Y.C. 1807-19, 
 
 (8th Presbyt. Christopher St. N.Y.C.) 1819-25 ; Sec. of Soc. for Amel. 
 
 Condition of the Jews, 1825-35, d. 
 
 At the early age of six, he had received deep impressions of religion, 
 having been nurtured in truth by the kind and faithful instructions of a 
 pious mother. At Greenwich, his zealous and faithful labors were abun- 
 dantly blessed, but at length an unhappy difference caused him to leave that 
 church, and to found the Eighth Presbyterian Church in Christopher St. in 
 which many of his personal friends and converts of his ministry united. 
 Here great success also attended his labors. For many years he was the 
 efficient secretary for the society whose object was to ameliorate the condi- 
 tion of the Jews, visiting Europe in this behalf. 
 
 He was universally recognized in the community as a man of perspicu- 
 ous, commanding intellect. His mind was characterized by clearness, direct- 
 ness, definiteness, and sound common sense. He went directly to his ob- 
 ject, and whatever his hearers may have thought of his public exhibitions, 
 none could doubt the meaning of his remarks, and few could avoid their 
 point. His style of composition was remarkably chaste and accurate, 
 adorned at times by the happiest illustrations, drawn from his extensive 
 reading. As a friend he was most affectionate and faithful, and while to 
 the world that had often cruelly oppressed him he might sometimes appear 
 to cover his heart under an iron mask, yet, to trusted friends, he was warm- 
 hearted, confiding, and tender. It pleased God to try him sorely in various 
 ways, yet he did not weep over his own trials ; but he would shed tears of 
 sympathy with others in their misfortunes. He commended himself highly 
 while in Europe to the friends of truth, who spoke of him in terms of warm 
 approbation. The exercises of his mind in his last illness were character- 
 ized by clear and sometimes awful views of the nature of sin, by great 
 humility of spirit, and tender and ardent love to his Saviour, his hopes ever 
 brightening as his end approached ; his faith strengthening, and his con- 
 versation being peculiarly rich, solemn, and impressive. 
 
 Rowland, J. M., from Presbyt. Ch. 1851 ; South- Brooklyn, 1853, d. 
 
 Rubel, Johannes Casparus, b. 1719, c. to America, 1751 ; educated in Ger- 
 many; Philadelphia, Ger. Ref. 1751-5, Camp, Red Hood, and Rhinebeck, 
 (Ger.) 1755-9, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, New-Utrecht, Bushwick, 
 (and Gravesend,) 1759-83, 1784, deposed, died, 1797. See Min.G. S. i. 
 109. A zealous Conferentie man. 
 
 He was styled by the German Coetus, in 1755, " the rebellious Rubel," 
 and requested to resign his charge. He claims also to have been minister 
 in the manor of Cortlandt, 1769, and in Clarkstown, 1770. He was a 
 
THE MINISTRY. 193 
 
 violent tory, calling tlic American soldiers ''Satan's soldiers," antl fre- 
 quently denounced from tlie pulpit, in violent language, tlie cause of inde- 
 pendence. He was also accused of drunkenness and bad treatment of his 
 wife. — IT. Onderdonlc. 
 
 Hud)-, John, b. in Switzerland, 1791, studied under lIclfTenstein, 1. CI. 
 
 Maryland, ((J.U.) 1S21 ; (Guilford, N.C. 1821-4,) Gcrmantown, N.Y. 1825- 
 
 S,"), also supplied Red llook Landing; Miss, to the Germans in N.Y.C. 
 
 1835-8; Gcr. Evang. Miss. Ch. N.Y.C. 1838-42, d. 
 
 While a student in Philadelphia, he made himself very useful in holding 
 prayer-meetings among the Germans, and visiting the poor and side. He 
 removed from North-Carolina to the north, because the climate did not agree 
 with him. lie exerted a great influence for good on the Hudson, where his 
 memory was long embalmed in the affections of the people. But in visit- 
 ing the cit}' he was deeply impressed with the necessities of the Gcrn)an 
 population there. He resolved to devote himself to their welfare. He 
 therefore resigned his pleasant settlement, and moved to the din of the 
 metropolis. He preached at first in a hired room to a very few. By un- 
 wearied labors, soundness of judgment, prudence, and consistency of con- 
 duct, he at length built up a church of three hundred members. Crowded 
 as they were, he resolved to seek to secure for them a proper edifice. The 
 Collegiate Church gave them the use of a lot on Houston St., and he raised 
 by personal effort $10,000, and a fine edifice rewarded his labors. But he 
 took a cold in his subsequent arduous pastoral duties, which soon termina- 
 ted his life. His loss was deeply felt. He left a good report among all the 
 brethren. His mind was well balanced, and his judgment sound. He was 
 distinguished for a practical wisdom which combined discretion and pru- 
 dence with zeal, fidelity, and perseverance, and which proved an important 
 element in all his success. His piety was warm, decided, and active. His 
 spirit was uniformly cheerful without levity, and this combined with his 
 discretion secured him access, confidence, and attachment. He was con- 
 nected with the Tract Society for the diffusion of evangelical literature 
 among the Germans. 
 
 [Runkel, John TV., b. in Palatinate, 1749, 1. by Ger. Coetus, 1777, Shippens- 
 burgh, Carlisle, Lower Settlement, and Ilummelstown, Pa., 1777-81 ; the 
 same, with Lebanon and Donegal, 1781-4, Frederick, Md., 1784-1802,. 
 • Germantown, Pa., 1802-5, New-York, (G.R.) Forsyth St. 1805-12, Get- 
 tysburgh, Emmetsburgh, and Taneytown, 1815-19, Gettysburgh, 1819-28, 
 d. 1832.] 
 
 His father emigrated to America, with his family, in 17G4. In his minis- 
 try, his zeal and. earnestness and his insisting on vital pietj' awakened 
 much opposition against him, and he suffered considerable persecution. 
 His ministry, from the central point where he was located, extended over 
 large sections of country. At Frederick, his enemies tried assiduously to 
 eject him, but failed. For a time Runkel lost possession of his church, 
 because the friends of Rev. Geo. Schncyder, of Schoharie, wished to 
 13 
 
194 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 settle 7/i7rt, but the court restored to Runkel the property, (1800.) Schneyder 
 had gone to Frederick, in 1787, to sohcit funds to build a church at Scho- 
 •barie, and the next year had returned to Frederick, and maintained a party 
 there for a number of years. While settled in the independent German 
 'Church in New-York, he made a visit to several of the German, Lutheran, 
 and Dutch ministers along the Hudson, which is minutely detailed in his 
 journal, among others spending several days at Domine Gebhard's at Clave- 
 rack, {RarhauglC s Lives, ii. 299.) After he left New-York, he made his home 
 ■in Germantown, Pa., frequently itinerating and preaching, as he also did 
 after his resignation at Gettysburgh, in 1823. 
 
 He was a man of strong physical constitution, tall and raw-boned in per- 
 son. His powers of endurance were great. He was venerable and patriar- 
 chal in appearance, excitable in temper, warm in preaching, in short, " a 
 son of thunder." He was in advance of his times, and hence regarded 
 somewhat as a fanatic. His preaching was evangelical, apt in illustration, 
 and affectionate in appeal. He ever manifested much sympathy toward the 
 suffering, visiting also prisoners, and those under sentence of death. 
 
 RuTTE, John M., University of Utrecht; N.B.S. 18G7, 1. CI. N.B. 18C7 ; 
 Patcrson, (Hoi.) 1867— 
 
 'JIYERSON, Abram G. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Passaic, 1842 ; Govham, 
 1843-5, Wyckoff, 1845-05, w. c— 
 
 'Eysdyck, Isaac, Hopewell, New-Hackensack, (and Poughkeepsie, M.G.S.i, 
 31-37,) 1705-72, Fishkill, Hopewell, and New-Hackensack, 1772-89, re- 
 signed, d. 1790. 
 
 " He was," says Dr. Brownlee, " in his day, considered the most learned 
 theologian in the Dutch Church. He was familiar with the classics. He 
 wrote in Greek, but especially in Latin, with as much facility as in his native 
 Dutch, and in the Universit}^ of Grunigen he was as familiar with Hebrew 
 as with his mother tongue. But great as were his attainments in the sacred 
 and profane classics, his theological readings and attainments were no less 
 extensive and accurate. His sermons were specimens of the analytical 
 form of discussion. The body of them were judicious and mastei'ly dis- 
 sertations, and the applications were practical and full of afi'ectionate con- 
 solations, warnings, and reprovings." He was of commanding personal ap- 
 pearance, and, in his manners, an old-time gentleman. According to the 
 custom of those days, he usually rode on horseback, wearing a cocked hat, 
 and white flowing wig, with the customary clerical dress. On the Sabbath 
 he rode up to the church door, where the sexton was waiting to take his 
 horse, and dismounting would pass into the church and kneel in silent 
 prayer, at the foot of the pulpit. He was also principal of a classical school 
 at Fishkill, in which John H. Livingston and other eminent men received 
 their earlier education. Synod endorsed his academy in 1772. He was 
 received in 1765 by his congregations with great love and joy. He belonged 
 to the Conferentie part)'-, but never manifested much bitterness of spirit. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 105 
 
 and at the meeting in 1772, to adopt articles of union between the parties, 
 he was made president. lie lived in troublous times, both for churcli and 
 state. Many of his congregation were tories in the Revolution, and parly 
 spirit ran high. — See K'q/s Hist. Bis. 
 
 Sahsbury, Wm. Blenheim, lS32-i. 
 
 Sawvkk, Andrew, (a native Hindoo,) educated by the missionaries in India, 
 1. CI. Arcot, India, 1859; Rahnpett, (Arcot,) 1S59-G5, Sattambady, 1805, 
 with the station Granodaya, 18G7 — 
 
 Sciiaats, Gideon, b. 1G07, 1. 01. Amsterdam, IGol ; Rensselaorwyck, 10.j2 
 
 -O-i, supplied also, at times, Schenectad}^, 
 
 He had been a schoolmaster at Beest, Holland, before coming to America. 
 During his pastorate at Albany, Gov. Andros compelled him to receive as a 
 colleague Van Renslaer, an Episcopalian. (Van Rexslaei?.) Not being a 
 union of love, it is not surprising that it was lacking in harmony. But Rens- 
 laer was soon removed by death. During the latter part of his ministry, 
 Schaats had difficulties with his congregation, to which were added also do- 
 mestic troubles. He was a Yoetian in hermeneutics. 
 
 SciiAXCK, Garret C. R.C. 182S, N.B.S. 1832, 1. CI. N.B. 1832 ; Walpcck 
 1833-4, Clover Ili'd, 18o5-o7, Pompton Plains, 1837-53, w. c. 
 
 Schenck, Geo., b. at Matleawan, 181G, Y.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Pough- 
 
 keepsie, 1840 ; Bedminster, 1840-52, d. 
 
 He was a humble, fervent Christian, marked with more than an ordi- 
 nary degree of spirituality, yet of a lively' disposition, of a ready wit, and a 
 foe to sanctimoniousness. lie was a man of unbending integrity, and sti'ict- 
 ly conscientious in all his sentiments. He possessed great activity and per- 
 severance. His small and diseased frame contained as brave and resolute a 
 spirit as ever came from the Almighty's hand. He had warm sympathies, 
 and great tenderness of feeling, and was devoted in his work. He spoke the, 
 whole truth with faithfulness and pungency, not fearing the face of man. 
 Yet his fidelity was unmixed with harshness. The love of souls glowed 
 in his heart, and the law of kindness was on his lips. "With a good intellect 
 and habits of studj^, his public services were instructive and interesting. — 
 tSce Funeral Sermon, ly T. W. C. 
 
 Schenck, John Y. N. R.C. 16C2, N.B.S. 18G5 ; Owasco Outlet, 18G5-7, 
 Pompton Plains, 18G7— 
 
 Schenck, John W. R.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1849 ; Tarrytown, 
 1849-51, Chatham, 1851-3, Bedford, now East-Brooklyn, 1853-5, Ith- 
 aca, 1855-63, New-Brunswick, 1863-G, Philadelphia 3d, 1800-8, (Potts- 
 ville, Pa., Presbyt.) 1868— 
 
 Schenck, Martin L. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840; Platte- 
 kill, 1840-53, Fort Plain, 1853-7, Rocky Hill, 1857-65, AVhitehall, 1865- 
 
196 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Schenck, Wm. C.N.J. 17C7, lie. by Presbyt, of New-Brunswick, 1770, 
 (Allentown, N.J. Presbyt. 1771-78,) R.D.C. 
 
 Schermerhorn, Cornelius D. b. in Schoharie, U.C. 1798, studied under Liv- 
 ingston, lie. 1803, Schoharie Kill, 1802-30, died. 
 
 Schermerhorn, H. R. N.B.S. 18G2, 1. CI. Albanj-, 1862 ; Germantown, 1862 
 -5, Principal of Riverside Seni., at Germantown, 18G5 — • 
 
 Schermerhorn, John F. U.C. 1809, from Cong. Ch. 1813, Middleburgh, 
 1817-27, Sec. of Missions, 1828-32. 
 
 [Schertlein, Jacob F. Lehigh Co. Pa., 173 . .-10.] 
 
 Schiebe, Henry, student in N.B.S. perished at sea, in burning of the Aus- 
 tria, 1858. 
 
 [Schlatter, Michael, b. at St. Gall, Switzerland, 1716, Gymnasium of St. Gall; 
 Sab. evening preacher, at Lintenbuehl, 1745-6, agent to Ger. Chs. in 
 Pennsylvania, from Synod of N. and S. Holland, 1746 ; Philadelphia and 
 Germantown, 1747-51 ; visited Holland, 1751-2 ; Philadelphia, 1752-5 ; 
 also Sup. of Charity School Agency ; chaplain in Royal Am. Reg. 1757-9, 
 supplied Barren Hill and Franklinville, Pa., occasionally, 1759-77, d. 1790.] 
 He was descended from a pious parentage, confirmed in his fourteenth 
 year, and placed under the instruction of Prof. Waegelin, in his native town. 
 But a roving spirit soon manifested itself, leading him to forsake his home 
 without consultation with, or consent of, his parents. He went to Hol- 
 land. In the course of the year, he returned, and resumed his studies, and 
 was accepted as a candidate for the ministry, when only fourteen 3'ear3 of 
 age. He spent most of the next fifteen years of his life in Holland, being 
 ordained in that country, and engaged, much of the time, in teaching. In 
 
 1746, he offered himself to the Synod of North and South Holland, as a 
 missionary and agent to the destitute German churches in Pennsylvania. 
 His mission was to organize the alreadj^ existing congregations into church- 
 es, and to unite them more closely together, for mutual encouragement and 
 support, as well as defense against unauthorized preachers ; and. to estab- 
 lish formal and authorized correspondence with the Classis of Amsterdam. 
 He found the German churches, about 46 in number, comparatively inde- 
 pendent. There were here at the time of his arrival about 30,000 German 
 Reformed. He came with authority from the mother church, to organize 
 and consolidate the Reformed churches of America, as they M'ere found 
 among the Germans. Much of his time was taken up by his long tours into 
 the interior. He visited the various settlements, in New-Jerse}^ Pennsyl- 
 vania, Maryland, and Virginia. In October, 1746, he invited the regularly 
 ordained ministers, namely, Dorstius, Boehm, AVeiss, andRciger, to meet in 
 aCoetus, or Synod. Preparatory steps were taken for organization. In May, 
 
 1747, he visited New-York, to consult wnth Domines Du Bois, Boel, and 
 Piitzema, respecting the organization of a German Synod. This Synod, or 
 Coetus, was organized Sept. 29th, 1747, and consisted of thirty-one minis- 
 
TIIK MIXISTIIY. 197 
 
 tcrs and ciders. The Dutch Coctiis in New-York had been organized on 
 Sept. Slh, of the same 3-car, with about half as man}-. In 1749, Mr. Steincr, 
 a man of popular gifts, arrived, and some of the people, captivated by liim, 
 wished his services in place of those of Mr. Schlatter. A sad contention 
 arose with many bitter fruits. The case was submitted to arbitration, and 
 decided in Hivor of Mr. Schlatter. Yet the wounds remained, and these dif- 
 ficulties were ultimately the occasion of a visit to Europe, byifr. Sclilatter, 
 from which increased good came to the German churches. This visit to 
 Europe took place in 1751-2. The Classis of Amsterdam, in session on 
 his arrival, appointed a committee to confer with him, and to report. A 
 lengthy report of the condition of the American churches was drawn up, 
 and presented to the Synod of N. and S. Holland, in print. He also made a 
 verbal appeal. The Synod was highly interested in the work, and furnish- 
 ed him with means to visit Ciermany and Switzerland, especially to seek to 
 secure ministers to return to America with him. He found six ministers 
 willing to accompany him, namely, Otterbein, Stoy, "Waldschmid, Franken- 
 feld, Rubel, and Wissler, and collected some means, and seven hundred Ger- 
 man Bibles, five hundred of them being in folio. But the work did not end 
 here. Appeals were further made bj'^ those who had been interested in the 
 cause of the American Reformed churches, of German origin, and a fund of 
 £12,000 was soon collected m Holland, the interest of which was devoted 
 to the support of ministers and schoolmasters in Pennsylvania; and so inter- 
 ested became George IL, of England, in the matter, that through his help 
 and influence £20,000 were raised there, for the maintenance of free schools, 
 among the Germans in America, to be under the inspection of Mr. Schlatter. 
 He held this position till 1757. For thirty-six 3-ears, the Reformed in Penn- 
 sylvania and vicinity continued to receive help from this fund, though in 
 gradually decreasing amounts, till 1791. The highest amount sent over 
 was about $2100, of our currency, in 1755. The moneys in England were 
 obtained through the solicitations of Rev. Mr. Thompson, English minister 
 in Amsterdam, and a member of that Classis. The Holland funds, in part 
 at least, went through the London Societ\'. As far as they were for the 
 support of the Gospel, they were distributed through the Coetus ; as far as 
 for the maintenance of free schools, they went through the trustees appoint, 
 ed for that purpose. 
 
 "When Mr. Schlatter returned to America, his general superintendency of 
 the churches was continued by the Synod of Holland, while he also again 
 took charge of his old congregation in Philadelphia. But a spirit of jealousy 
 was excited against him, on account of his powers. The enemies of the 
 Free School scheme, also, did their utmost against him. Saur's newspaper 
 was especially vehement. The Coetus therefore, unjustly no doubt, re- 
 moved him from his general superintendency in 1757. He then accepted of 
 a chaplaincy in the Royal American Regiment, which was about to proceed 
 to Nova Scotia. He was present at the sieges of Halifax and Louisburg, 
 which gave the death-blow to the dominion of the French in that part of 
 
198 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 America. " There," says Bancroft, " were the chaplains, who preached to 
 the re"-iments of citizen-soldiers, a renewal of the dsLjs when Moses, with 
 the rod of God in his hand, sent Joshua against Amalek." — Hist. U. S. iv. 
 300. 
 
 After his return home, he supported himself partly from his labors on a 
 small farm on Chestnut Hill, named by him Sweetland, and partly from the 
 perquisites of wedding fees, he almost monopolizing that business. lie 
 also preached at Barren Hill and Franklinville more or less frequently. He 
 was driven into this retirement by the jealousy and opposition waged against 
 him. The active usefulness of his life was compressed into the brief space 
 of thirteen years. His earnest labors had only excited the ignorance and 
 prejudice of those whom he would have benefited. The free schools, which 
 he advocated, his enemies declared were meant for the enslavement of the 
 Germans to the English. The people ignorantly believed, and lost the ser- 
 vices of a most useful man. How similarly have the friends of intelligence 
 and humanity been often served ! 
 
 Shortly after the opening of the Revolution, he felt impelled to take the 
 side of freedom. He had up to this time retained his chaplaincy in the Brit- 
 ish army, and when now ordered for service, he declined, he was impri- 
 soned and his effects destroyed. He was, however, by some means soon re- 
 leased. He lived in his declining years near his former home on Chestnut 
 Hill. He was the intimate friend of Dr. Muhlenberg, the patriarch of the 
 Lutheran Church for fort}'- years. 
 
 Mr. Schlatter was possessed of great physical health and mental vigor. 
 He had also a cheerful disposition. In his old age his appearance was 
 very venerable. He was of lymphatic temperament and mild appearance ; 
 of medium size and weight. His hair was bushj^, and as white as snow, 
 nicely parted, hanging down to his shoulders. He was always careful to 
 present a genteel appearance. He entered with sympathetic joy into the 
 cheerful spirit of the young. He was remarkably easy and friendly in his 
 manners, and full of vivacity. He excelled in pure, innocent humor and 
 wit. He was of a catholic spirit in reference to others, ever keeping him- 
 self well informed of the general movements in the world, political and re- 
 ligious. He was ever deeply interested in the civil affairs of his adopted 
 country. He had not the least particle of bigotry or sectarianisn. He had 
 the tact of organization in an eminent degree. His preaching was solid and 
 instructive, though not eloquent or fascinating. His perseverance and in- 
 dustry were untiring. — See Sclilatter'' s interesting Life, hy Earlaug\ Phila- 
 delphia^ 1857. 
 
 ScHLEiDEB, Fred. E. R.C. 18G2, N.B.S. 18G5, 1. CI. N.B. 1805. 
 
 Schneeweiss, Franz M. N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. N.B. 1855 ; New-Brunswick 
 3d, 1855-8, w. c. 
 
 SciiNELLENDRUESSLER, H. F. F. Coll. Gymnasium of Gumbinnen, East-Prus- 
 sia ; N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. N.Y. 1855 ; Albany 4th, 1855-04, Chaplain IGth 
 
THE Misisrr.Y. 199 
 
 * 
 Rog. Ilc.ivy Artillciy, U. S. V. 1SG4-5, Thuinansville, (Callicooii,) ISGU 
 -8, Callicoon and Milcsville, 1808 — 
 
 [Schncidor, West, N. Carolina, 1780.] 
 
 [Schncydcr, (Joo. W. applied for licensure to Cien. meeting of Miiis. and 
 
 Elds, but was refused. Licensed and ordained by Gcr. Coetus, 1785 ; 
 
 Schoharie, 1785-8, Frederick, Md. 1788-9..] 
 [Schnorr, Ca.'sper Ludwig. Lancaster, Pa., 1744— fi, Germantown, N.Y. 
 
 1740-9 (?)] 
 
 SchocfTer, J. D. Camp 178. . -98 (?) Schoharie, 1798 (?) -1819.] 
 Schoonmaker, Ilenricus, b. in Rochester, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1739, (son-in- 
 law of J. H. Goetschius,) studied under Goetschius, lie. b}' the American 
 Classis, 1763; Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1763-74, Aquackanonck, 1774 
 -99, Belleville (S.S.) 1784-94, Aquackanonck and Totowa, 1799-1816, 
 died 1820. 
 
 lie gave early indications of piety, under the short pastorate of Ilenricus 
 Frelinghuysen, at Marbletown. lie was a warm friend of the Coetus. 
 "When called to Fishkill and Poughkeepsie, he was strongly opposed by the 
 Conferentie party, so much indeed that, when the Coetus ministers assem- 
 bled to ordain him, in Poughkeepsie, they found the church in the posses- 
 sion of his enemies, and barred against them. The committee, determined 
 not to be frustrated, had a wagon placed under a large tree in front of the 
 church, and the ordination sermon was preached thence, by John IL 
 Goetschius of New-Paltz and Shawangunk, and on bended knees, in the 
 wagon, the candidate received the lajnng on of hands. A young man, 
 John II. Livingston, by name, was present, and deeply interested in the whole 
 scene, and said to one of the elders, at its conclusion, " Thank God, 
 though the opponents have succeeded in excluding him from the church, 
 they have not succeeded in preventing his ordination." Mr. S. was greatly 
 admired for his ardent piety and faithful ministerial labors. He was in his 
 time the most eloquent and impressive speaker in the Dutch language in 
 this country. Though meeting with much opposition from the Conferentie, 
 his ministry was greatly blessed. He was contemporar}', in his first field, 
 though of opposite ecclesiastical sentiments, with the learned and polished 
 Rysdyck. After the death of Professor Meyer, of Pompton and Paterson, he 
 was called to succeed him at the latter church, in conjunction with 
 Aquackanonck. lie could not preach well in English, and as the use of the 
 Dutch language was declining in his first chai'ges, and he was unwilling to 
 injure his usefulness by awkward attempts at English preaching, he ac- 
 cepted the call to New-Jersey, where the Dutch was j-et in use. He re- 
 sembled the celebrated Professor Romeyn, being, like him, a Boanerges.. 
 His style was nervous, eloquent, and powerful. lie was the last but one,, 
 of the early ministers, who continued to minister only in Dutch, till the eud. 
 of their lives. A warm friendship existed between him, and Dr. Livingyton,.^ 
 and he was one of the efficient organizers in the formative period oX th©, 
 church. — See Eiji's Wist. Dis. 
 
200 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Schoonmaker, Jacob, b. at Aquackanonck, N.J. 1777, (s. of Ilenricus Schoon- 
 maker,) CO. 1799, studied under Froeligh and Livingston, lie. 1801 ; Ja- 
 maicr and Newtown, 1802-49, Jamaica, 1849-50, d. 1852. 
 
 Schoonmaker, Martinus, b. at Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y. 1737, read the 
 classics under Goetscbius, 1753-6, studied theology under Marin us, lie. 
 1765 ; Gravesend and Harlem, 1765-83, Flatbush, Brooklyn, New- 
 Utrecht, Flatlands, Bushwick, and Gravesend, 1783-1824, d. 
 He married Mary Bassett, at Aquackanonck, in 1761. He was an ardent 
 whig in the Revolution. On his word and statement to the Congress in ses- 
 sion at Harlem, a suspected tory was liberated from arrest. He fixed his 
 residence at Flatbush, when he took the charge of the churches in Kings 
 county. His labors for his Master were very arduous, but he never fainted 
 in the work. Few men have gone to the grave with a character more un- 
 blemished, or who have been more universally respected and beloved. It 
 is said he never had an enemy. He was of reserved and retired habits, 
 made more so from his unwiUingness to converse in English, lest he should 
 violate the rules of grammar. He preached only in Dutch. In this lan- 
 guage he was fluent and ready, and by his manners and gestures displayed 
 all the dignity suited to his oflBce. Courteous and polite, he was a relic of 
 the old school of Dutch Domines. In his eightieth year, he said he could 
 not complain of a single bodily infirmitj' — even his sight and hearing being 
 perfect. — H. Onderdoiik. 
 
 Schoonmaker, Martin V. U.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, lie. by S.C. L.I. 1842, 
 East New-York, 1842-9, Walden, 1849— 
 
 Schoonmaker, Richard L. (s. of Jacob Schoonmaker,) R.C. 1829, N.B.S. 
 1832. 1. CI. L.L 1832 ; Waterford, 1832-6, Harlem, 1837-47, North- 
 Hempstead, 1847-52, Waterford, 1852-6, Amity, 1856-61, Rotterdam 2d, 
 1861— 
 
 Schroedek, a., from G.R. Ch. ; Hackensack, Ger. 1864 — 
 
 Schroepfer, Ernest, 1. CI. Westchester, 1851, Melrose, Ger. 1855-61 ; 1864, 
 Lutheran Ch. 
 
 Schultz, Jacob L, b. at Rhinebeck, 1792, U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. 
 
 N.B. 1816 ; Rockaway and Lebanon, 1816-34, Middlebush, 1834-8, w. c. 
 
 1888-52, d. 
 
 His mind, considered intellectually, was of a high order. The dignity 
 of conscious power beamed from his eye, and discovered itself in all the 
 duties which he was called to perform, drawing forth respect for his mental 
 ability from all who sat under his ministry. His application to study was 
 industrious, his mind being as well furnished as it was naturally strong. 
 Clear and at home on all subjects, he was at once the well-trained theolo- 
 gian and the pleasant and instructive companion. He magnified his office, 
 and was ever ready to minister in it. With the writings of the divines of 
 the last age he was intimately acquainted ; for these authors he evinced the 
 
THE MINISTRY. 201 
 
 strongest partiality, and a few moments' conversation witli Iiiin was suf- 
 ficient to disclose a mind highly cultivated in all the learning of the past. 
 His diary, of ten folio volumes, is in itself an abundant proof of his industry, 
 while it alTords a very instructive lesson of the fervency of spirit, and love 
 of souls, which he cultivated in the service of the church. 
 
 Devout almost to a fault, and rigid almost to asceticism, he was j-et evan- 
 gelical in his faith, and humble in his hope. He was arduously faithful in 
 his ministerial and pastoral labors, highly evangelical, and eminently use- 
 ful, especiall}' in his first charges. Tn his second charge, a mental malady 
 showed itself, which, tliough not unfitting him for some employments, dis- 
 qualified him from ministerial labors. An organic disease was increased by 
 sedentary habits, and his mind became the prey of melancholy and gloomy 
 forebodings. But while he suffered great anxiety about his spiritual state, 
 it never induced him to relax his vigilance, to restrain prayer, or feel aught 
 but the strongest attachment to the duties of religion. In prayer he was 
 fervent and importunate ; indeed, praj'er was his necessity and delight. 
 During his last year, he suffered great bodily afflictions, but these were 
 borne with patience and resignation. His end was trustful, though not 
 triumphant. — /. ^-1. V. I). 
 
 Schultz, John Newton, E.G. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. N.B. 1842 ; Vander- 
 veer, 1843-5, Battle Creek, lS55-7.—Pres7)i/t. 
 
 Schuneman, Johannes, b. at East-Camp, 1710, studied under Goetschius, 1. 
 
 01. Amsterdam, 1753 ; Catskill and Coxsackie, 1753-94, d. Also at Sha- 
 
 wangunk and New-Paltz, 1753—4. 
 
 In early life he had deep religious impressions, and a desire to enter the 
 ministry. He was called to the congregations to which he ministered all 
 his life, on Nov. 12th, 1751, on condition that he would go to Holland to re- 
 ceive his licensure and ordination, although Coetus was already organized. 
 He returned and entered on his duties in August, 1753, preaching his first 
 sermon from Is. 40 : 6-8. He was a short, corpulent man, and had a pow- 
 erful voice. He preached on the Sabbath before his death from the text, 
 " It is finished." He was not permitted to see much fruit of his labors, but 
 his memory was long cherished with much affection. His life was exem- 
 plary, and he preached with great plainness, simplipity, and earnestness. — 
 Hist. Ser. by Hev. 0. E. Livingston. 
 
 Schureman, John, b. in New-Brunswick, 1778, Q.C. 1795, studied under 
 Livingston, lie. 1801 ; Bedminster, 1801-7, Hillsborough, 1807-9, New- 
 York, 1809-11, Vice-Pres. of Rutgers Coll. 1811-13, New-Brunswick, 
 1813, Prof. Moral Phil, and Bel. Let. in Rutgers Coll. 1811-18, Prof. 
 Ecc. Hist, in N.B. Sem. 1815-18, d. 
 He was one of the worthies of our church — a man greatly beloved and 
 
 confided in. He had nothing very remarkable in his appearance or manner. 
 
 A stranger on meeting or passing him would probably have thought or 
 
 said, "There goes a sensible, kind-hearted, unpretending, humble man." 
 
202 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 His constitution of body was rather frail from his childhood, and needed 
 care on his own part, and indulgence on tlie part of those to whom he 
 ministered, to keep him at all in a proper condition for the pastoral work, 
 "When called to New-York, he sustained his reputation, and competed suc- 
 cessfully with some of the most popular city ministers. He could not 
 preach any thing but a solid, judicious discourse, logically arranged, and 
 therefore lucid in every part, and symmetrical. In his style he was not 
 strong or sparkling, but simple, clear, neat, direct. In manner not rapid, 
 or fervid, or impassioned, but very distinct in his enunciation, just in 
 emphasis, affectionate in tone, with not much, but proper and rather 
 graceful gesticulation, altogether making the impression of a man that felt 
 in his own soul the power of the truth, and was desirous that his hearers 
 should be profited by his ministrations. His course was a short one, though 
 useful, while, and as long as, it lasted. It was a melancholy day when the 
 tidings came that Dr. S. was no more, and it was another melancholy 
 day when those who loved him, (and they were many,) assembled to 
 commit his remains to their long resting-place. Even the tolling bell was 
 mute in mercy to the stricken, bereaved widow. The characteristics of the 
 man, on only a short acquaintance, were amiability, solidity, and Christian 
 discretion. These qualities showed themselves everywhere and at all ti mes, 
 in his family, among his pupils, and his people, when he had a pastoral 
 charge, and in all his intercourse. If Dr. Schureman had shown himself 
 harsh, selfish, frivolous, rash, every one that knew him would have been 
 astonished with great astonishment. Such manifestations would have been 
 thought foreign to the man. People would almost have thought that there 
 was something like a temporary metempsychosis in the case. It is now 
 nearly, if not quite, half a century since he passed away from among us, 
 but we who survive him among his pupils still think of him with a 
 mournfid pleasure, and make powerful draughts upon memory, that we 
 may recall all that is possible of such a man and such an instructor. — G. L. 
 
 Schu3'ler, Johannes. Schoharie, 1736-55, Ilackensack (2d) and Schraa- 
 lenburgh (2d), 1755-66, Beaverdam and Schoharie, 1760-79, d. 
 He was ordained by Erickzon and Haeghoort, by special permission of 
 the Classis of Amsterdam. This permission was, perhaps, the immediate 
 cause of the effort to secure a Coetus in the following year. Yet he be- 
 came one of the conservative members of the Coetus, and after 1751 did 
 not attend the meetings. His interest was growing cold, and in 1755 the 
 anti-Coetus party of Curtenius at Hackensack called him to take the pecu- 
 liar position of both colleague and opponent of Goetschius. He was cen- 
 sured by the Coetus for accepting this call without their consent and 
 against their will. He thenceforth consorted with the Conferentie. The 
 Col. Hist. viii. 551, calls him the Presbyterian minister at Schoharie. He 
 seems to have continued at Hackensack ten 3-ears, and not three years 
 only, as has been supposed. — if. G. S. i. pp. cxiii. cxxii. 
 
 Schwcdes, Franz R. N.B.S. 1855, New- York, Ger. 1855, deposed. 
 
THE MINISTRY. -03 
 
 Scmvii.K, Vr.F. 1. CI. Schenectady, 1855, Schenectady, 1850-08. w. c. 
 
 [Schwope, Benedict, near Balthnore, 1771. J 
 
 [Schwuni, ...., Western North-Carolina, 178..] 
 
 Scott, Cms. R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.B. 1851 ; Shawangunk, 1851- 
 G6, Prof, in Hope Coll. 1800— 
 
 Scott, James, b. in Scotland, 1800, Universities of Glasp;o\\' and Belfast; c. 
 
 to America, 1832, 1. Presbyt. New-York, 1834 ; (German Valley and Fox 
 
 Hill, Presbyt.,) 1834-43, Newark 1st, 1843-5S, d. 
 
 His mind was one fitted to impress and attract. The predominance of 
 the imaginative faculties rendered his discourses very attractive and 
 popular, especially to the young. His figures and illustrations rolled 
 forth in a flood of pictures, and when he preached on special occasions, 
 crowds attended him. 
 
 In conversation he was distinguished for a happy and extraordinary 
 combination of vivacity and charity. He was always courteous and 
 friendly with all classes of persons. His life was one of eminent useful- 
 ness, lie was always glad to be employed in the service of others, and 
 ■was thus continually engaged. Calls to attend at sick-beds and funerals, 
 to advise and console, were always attended to with alacritj-, and his 
 sympathizing ministrations were of the most acceptable character. He was 
 conspicuous in manj' of the benevolent and public enterprises of the city 
 in which he lived. He executed trusts for widows and orphans, encouraged 
 beginners in business, corresponded for journals at home and abroad, was 
 sought for advice in matters of domestic and social relations, wrote letters 
 for others, and attended to all the minute details of social intercourse. 
 In the judicatories of the church he was always ready to attend to any 
 duties. 
 
 He gave himself devotedly to the duties of his pastoral charge, was dili- 
 gent in visitation, conversation with the young, and individual exertion. 
 He was peculiarly distinguished for his social sympathies. He loved the 
 human mind and heart. His imagination and poetical tastes led him to 
 an enthusiastic love of nature. He loved to hear the human voice, and it 
 was the sweetest music to him, and when uttered in tones of friendship 
 and love, it was irresistible. He had withal a prudent reserve, and was 
 only intimate and confidential with his family and the friends of his youth. 
 He understood human nature well, and by adapting himself to it was able 
 to impres.s, convince, and control. He also followed literary pursuits. He 
 produced a life of Pollock, which has added to his reputation, and he had 
 recently completed and prepared for the press an epic poem, which had 
 occupied much of his attention through life, and for the publication of 
 which he left directions. 
 
 ScKiBNEK, John M. U.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. of Ulster, 1830 ; Scho- 
 harie, 1830-9, Walden, 1839-42, Prin. Female Sem. Auburn, 1842-4, 
 
204 THE MIlSriSTRT. 
 
 Prin. Female Sem. Rochester, 1844-6, supplied Schoharie Mt. and 
 North-Blenheim, 1847-8, w. c— 
 
 ScL-DDER, EzEKiEL C. (s. of John Scuddcr.) W.R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1855, 1. 
 CI. N.B. 1855 ; voyage to India, Oct. 1855, March, '56, Chittoor, 1856-9, 
 supplied Palamanair, 1859-61, Chittoor, Jan. 1861-3, Vellore, 1863-8, 
 also supplied Kundipatoor, 1866-8, Sakadu and Kattupadi, 1867-8; 
 voyage to America, March-Sept. 1868 : in America, 1868 — 
 
 Scudder, Henry M. (s. of John Scudder.) N.Y.U. 1840, U.S. 1843, sup- 
 plied New-Rochelle, 1848, voyage to India, 1844, Madura, 184'4-6, 
 Madras, Vellore, 1846-57, . . . ., voyage to America, Sept. 1857-Ap. '58, 
 voyage to India, May-Dec. 1860, visiting Switzerland on the way ; sup- 
 plied Coonoor, 1860-4, and Ootacamund, 1864; voyage to America, 
 June-Oct. 1864 ; Jersey City 1st, 1865, (San Francisco, Cal. Presbyt.) 
 1865— 
 
 ScuDDEK, Jared W. (s. of John Scudder.) W.R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1855, 1. 
 CI. N.B. 1855 ; voyage to India, Oct. 1855-March, 1856, Arnee, 1856-9, 
 voyage to England, Dec. 1859-March, 1860, voyage to America, 1860, 
 voyage to India, May-Sept. 1862, Chittoor, 1862— 
 
 Scudder, John, b. at Freehold, Sept. 3, 1793, C.N.J. 1811, Coll. of Phy- 
 sicians and Surgeons, 1815,(1. CI. N.Y. 1819?) voyage to India, June- 
 Oct. ? 1819 ; Pandeteripo, Ceylon, 1819-39, Madras, 1839-42, voyage to 
 America, Jan. -Aug. 1842, in America, 1842-1846, voyage to India, July 
 -Nov. 1846, Madura, 1846-8, Madras, 1848-54, voyage to Cape of Good 
 
 Hope, 1854, died atWynberg, South- Africa, Jan. 13th, 1855. 
 
 He chose the medical profession, and studied with Dr. Samuel Forman, ot 
 Freehold, N. J. He afterward settled in New-York, where he had previously 
 been house-surgeon of the City Hospital. He had united with the old Tennant 
 Presbyterian Church in Freehold, Oct. 13th, 1810, under the ministry of Rev. 
 John "Woodhull, and now transferred his relations to Father Bork's church 
 in Franklin St. He became at once an active member, laboring assiduously 
 in various ways for the cause of Christ. Long was his earnestness o fspirit 
 and fidelity to his Master remembered by that people. He was prominent 
 in originating prayer-meetings, kindly exhorting in private intercourse, and 
 lending his influence to every plan of doing good. While here, engaged in 
 his profession, the claims of the heathen were brought vividly before his mind 
 in a peculiar manner. In professional attendance on a lady, while in the 
 ante-room, he took up a tract whose title was, "The Conversion of the 
 World, or the Claims of Six Hundred Millions, and the ability and duty of 
 the churches respecting'them." This ripened convictions often felt before, 
 and he resolved to offer his services to the American Board, and, if accepted, 
 at once prepare for the work. He had at this time an extensive, lucrative, 
 and increasing practice. He was ordained in June, 1819, as a minister of 
 the Reformed Dutch Church, on board of the ship which carried him to India. 
 After his connection with the church, he joassed through a spiritual con- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 205 
 
 flict of no ordinary kiiul. lie was most severely tried. Satan seemed to 
 have been let loose upon him. Faith and its foundations seemed gone for- 
 ever. He was in an agony to believe, but could not. He doubted of all 
 things, yea, even of his own existence. Hope died within him, and despair 
 spread her pall over him. Every star went out in his sky. Satan and his 
 legions assailed him on every side. He felt the flap of their demon wings, 
 and was poisoned by their blasphemous breath, norrid thoughts which 
 could never be uttered by mortal man, crowded thick and fast upon him. 
 His heart was like a sepulchre full of spectres. The terrors of hell rolled 
 like quiokh" succeeding billows over him, and he scarce got breath between. 
 For many months he ventured not to the communion-table. Yet in the 
 roar and darkness of that fearful tempest, above that ocean of anguish, there 
 stood an unseen form — the Holy One, the Crucified, who caused that 
 gasping soul in all its blind struggles to come nearer and nearer to himself. 
 He had once seen the cross ; he had once been near it, and experienced its 
 pardoning and sanctifying power, and it was still the magnet of his soul. 
 He kept his eyes on that point of the spiritual horizon where he had seen it 
 fade from view, and he never"turncd them elsewhere. When God had suffi- 
 ciently shown him Satan's power, and his own weakness; when he had 
 bruised, and broken, and humbled him — then again he flooded his skj^ with 
 the light of the Sun of Eighteousness. Satan shrank away. Peace spread 
 out her wings over his weary heart, and the foretaste of hell's agonies was 
 changed into an antepast of heaven. "While the storm raged, God fostened 
 him to the Rock of Ages, as he had never been fastened to it before. As 
 the surge was sweeping hira away grace guided it near the cross, of which 
 he had lost sight, and he got a death-grip of it, which nothing ever after 
 could loosen. He came out of those conflicts like gold out of tlie fire. He 
 began with calm joy to climb the delectable mountains, and, from that time, 
 he dwelt mostly on their happy summits. These trials eminently prepared 
 him to encounter the difficulties of the newly developing missionary work. 
 He was to meet none so great as those he had already overcome, and he 
 was thrust forth a well equipped and experienced warrior, to carry the 
 battle with an intrepid spirit into the heart of Satan's territories — even 
 to the grim, frowning walls of one of his oldest and strongest fortresses, 
 Hindoostan. God thus prepared him, and then he called him to the mission 
 field. 
 
 Mr. Newell had begun a mission in Ceylon in 1812, and in 181G five new mis 
 sionaries joined him, namely, Meigs, Richards, Warren, Bardwell, and Poor. 
 But in two years, through death and sickness compelling a change of climate, 
 Messrs. Poor and Meigs were left the only missionaries on the island. In 
 June, 1819, Messrs. Winslow, Spaulding, Woodward, and Scudder were sent 
 to reenforce them. They went by the way of Calcutta, and were at their 
 station in Feb. 1820. In 1822, the plan of a college was drawn up, and soon 
 put in successful operation. Early in 1 82-1 a general revival was enjoyed, the 
 convictions of sin and the need of salvation appearing as deeply as ever in a 
 Christian land. In Dr. Scudder's field, the boys of the school, on returning to 
 
206 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 their rooms, could not sleep. Between thirty and forty of them went out 
 into the garden, where they were heard in supplication, weeping and asking, 
 "What shall I do to be saved ?" and"Lord, send thy Spirit!" Ofthis compa- 
 ny, twenty soon gave evidences of a saving change. Similar scenes occurred at 
 the other stations. The success of the Ceylon mission was wonderful. 
 {See the Cydoiied'm of Missions.) In 1836 it was thought advisable to 
 establish a printing-press at Madras, to issue the Scriptures and tracts in 
 the Tamil language. To accomplish this, a mission was started there 
 under the care of Messrs. "Winslow and Scudder. The latter took up his 
 residence at Chintadrepettah. The establishing of a press was consummated 
 under unusually favorable circumstances, a large printing establishment, 
 fully equipped, of the Church Missionary Society, falling into their posses- 
 sion in 1838. The first year they printed 6,000,000 of pages of Scripture 
 and tracts, increasing the number in subsequent j'ears. The missionaries 
 itinerated far into the interior, scattering the truth, and several regular 
 preaching stations were soon established. These were the germs of the 
 Arcot Mission. It was received under the American Board in 1852. 
 
 Dr. Scudder's physical frame was strong, tall, and well proportioned. In 
 his youth he was thin and sinewj^ but in later life grew stout and portly. 
 He had a firm, sound constitution, but latterly much shaken and shattered 
 by labors and exposures. His prominent and striking features, his correct 
 bearing and commanding appearance, certified you at a single glance that 
 he was a man. 
 
 He had a strong mind. It chiefly resembled the rugged, outstanding 
 mountain, and j'et it had characteristics which reminded you likewise ot 
 the gentle stream, flowing sweetly through the valley below. There were 
 great natural forces in his intellect. He investigated those subjects which 
 lay within the sphere of his work. On them he concentrated his power, 
 curing little for such as lay beyond. He was a vigorous, able thinker. He 
 thouglit out his conclusions in straight lines of his own, knowing nothing 
 of circuitous approaches. Minor positions he left for others, himself content 
 to seize upon each important citadel, until he became master of the country. 
 Whenever he took part in a discussion, or treated a subject, all, no matter 
 who might be present, were constrained to feel the native strength, and 
 acknowledge the majestic stride of his mind. Many excelled him in length 
 and breadth of information, and in acquaintance with the writings of others, 
 but few could gainsay or withstand his plain, straightforward logic. If he 
 moved in a narrower circle than others, it was like the tread of a giant 
 athlete, within his own chosen arena, compared with the gazing children 
 who had come from their sports over a wide plain. 
 
 He had decision of character. His outward countenance was the truthful 
 index of the inward mental structure. There was nothing facile in him. 
 He could be depended upon in any emergency. Convicted of an error, 
 none would be more ready than he to confess and abandon it; but when he 
 had conscientiously taken up his ground, earth and hell could not move him. 
 He climbed up the hills and sought for light, and from that elevation he gazed 
 
THE jriNISTKY. 207 
 
 and gazed, till ho saw the path of duty opening out before him, and then, 
 girding his loins, descended to enter it without hesitation, whatever it 
 might be. IlindiTancos were not heeded, nor conseipicnces contemplated. 
 Having once heard the word, saying, "This is the way, walk you in it," 
 his soul summoned all its powers into one glowing response, "I will." 
 His thought and expression were of a peculiarly decisive cast where evil 
 was concerned. 
 
 He was endowed with perseverance. Whatever he undertook, he steadily 
 pursued. He never relaxed his hold upon an o)>ject, nor retreated from a 
 course which he believed to be right. Days and months and years might 
 pass over him, but they found him still cleaving to his purpose. Harass- 
 ing trials might encompass him, but they could not drive him from his 
 design. . . . This trait was forcibly exhibited in his unremitted labors as a 
 street-preacher. Apathv, ridicule, scorn, abuse, blasphem}', blows, stonings, 
 physical languor, the natural shrinking of the spirit, and many other causes 
 combined, could not force him to succumb in a single instance. That was 
 his Lord's work, and must be accomplished statedly and perseveringlv. 
 
 He was cajiable of endurance, and willing to suffer. He seldom spoke of 
 pain, however severe. He had power to bear it. Fixedness of feature 
 alone revealed it. Pain came in the course of a kind Father's providence 
 and was therefore to be borne with quietness. Many years ago a cancer 
 appeared in his foot. "Without telling even his wife what ho was about 
 to do, he shut himself up in a room with a servant, and dissected out 
 the malignant growth. He onl}' just made out to get through with it, but 
 he did it without flinching. Christ's sufferings were much in his mind. 
 He was pleased to suffer for Christ's sake. He left opening prospects of 
 wealth in a lucrative practice in New-York, and went where his constitu- 
 tion was racked with jungle fever, and not only did he not repine, but 
 expressed his satisfaction with his course. 
 
 He was both stern and tender. Wherever principles were at stake, ho was 
 rigid and unyielding. Men of unsettled views and loose practice thou"-ht 
 him severe. But though stern in matters of right and wrong, he had a 
 warm, kind heart, possessing deep fountains of tenderness and overflowin'-- 
 affection. He loved with the full energy of his spirit. Though a strict 
 disciplinarian in his family, his children, if they wished a favor, would 
 often seek it of him, even sooner than of a fond mother. His eyes, from 
 which personal suffering could extort no moisture, often ran with tears 
 when Jesus' dying love was the theme of thought and conversation. At 
 sacramental occasions his whole soul seemed to melt away at the loot of 
 the cross. He was courageous. Hell had once been his fear. That dread 
 was now gone, and he feared nothing. It is dangerous for a missionary to 
 enter the great temples in southern India during their festival days. They 
 can claim no protection from Government there. Nevertheless, he went in 
 one and became involved in the throng which fills, on such occasions, those 
 vast edifices. He could not find the way out again, and was obli"-ed to 
 wait till midnight, when ho followed the procession, which at that time left 
 
208 THE MINISTEY. 
 
 the temple. Any one might have killed him there, and the murderer never 
 have been known. 
 
 On one of his tours, an immense crowd having collected, a band of fierce 
 Mussvilmans demanded books of the handyman who was employed by him 
 to transport tracts, and when refused, one of them advanced, handling a 
 club, with which he, supported by his angry companions, would no doubt 
 have killed them both. With admirable self-possession Dr. S. ran up to 
 him, and, stroking his beard, exclaimed, "My brother, my bi'other." 
 This token of oriental obeisance appeased his wrath, and quiet was restored. 
 Yet so imminent had been the danger that the saliva in his mouth dried 
 up instantlv, leaving it parched as if from long thirst. 
 
 While decided in his own views, he was a man of liberal spirit. He had 
 not an iota of bigotry in him. He refused to exalt the non-essentials of 
 religion to a position subversive of charity and fellowship. He was entire- 
 ly devoted to Christ. Every thing was subordinated to this, was literally 
 swallowed up in it. Plis eye was single. All the strong feelings of his 
 strong nature were concentrated in the holy passion of love to Christ. He 
 loved the Saviour, profoundly'', tenderly, wholly. His was no half conse- 
 cration. Jesus was the beginning, the middle, and the end of his life. An 
 hour and a half at early morn, and an hour at night, were always sacred to 
 reading the Bible, meditation, pra3^er, and praise. At these times he 
 studied the Bible in connection with the marginal references. At noon he 
 read the Bible regularly in course. Every Friday till mid-day was set 
 apart as a special season for fasting and prayer. Toward the latter part of 
 his life, physical necessities compelled him to eat a little. His heart was 
 indeed a shrine from which a cloud of incense was always going up. 
 Prayer, moreover, was no task to him, but the irrepressible instinct of his 
 new-born nature. He told one of his sons that his ambition was to be one 
 of the inner circle around Jesus in heaven. For years he had no doubt of 
 his salvation. Perfect assurance, like a river of God, rolled its calm, fertil- 
 izing volume along the course of every thought and passion. Sacred 
 music, vocal or instrumental, and often extempore hymns, were his delight. 
 He read but few books besides the Bible. The Vicar of Wal-efield was the 
 only novel he ever read. He laid great stress on meditation. This he felt 
 to be the food of the soul, and much of his devotions consisted of prayer- 
 ful musings upon the Divine Word. The Bible was his counsellor. Man 
 was in no sense his teacher. His mind was not constituted to bow to the 
 opinions of men ; but to the declarations of the Bible he bowed like a little 
 child. His study of and attachment to the Bible was one of the most ob- 
 servable traits of his life. When about to go forth to engage in some duty, 
 often the last thing he did was to open the Bible and catch some precious 
 promise or stirring exhortation wherewith to gird himself. He was a 
 happy man. 
 
 His zeal was no flickering flame, no smoking wick, but a beam from the 
 throne of God, shining through him upon the earth. God's work was al- 
 ways revived within him. He never unbuckled his armor, nor slept at his 
 
THE MI>nSTRY. 209 
 
 post. JEsrs was his wntchword. lie wrote it on the banner which he car- 
 ried high before him, with a strong arm. Ills diligent labors among the 
 children, when in America in search of health, that he might impress on their 
 hearts the need of the world's evangelization, seemed to others too much 
 for his strength. A gentleman said to him, that he should consult his con- 
 science lest he should overwork himself He replied, he had " quashed con- 
 science of that sort long ago." 
 
 He made it a constant practice to speak to every one in whose compan)' 
 he was thrown about their souls. Be he coolie, hawker, servant, stranger 
 or friend, black or white, child or adult, rich or poor, he spake to all of 
 Jesus and the great salvation. Even those who were on their guard against 
 him, could seldom outwit him, or foil him in his design. An English lady, 
 high in rank and influence, called on him, and her daughter, having heard of 
 Dr. Scudder's habits, determined not to see him, and remained in the car- 
 riage ; but he managed with politeness and kindness to have a brief inter- 
 view with her and tell the way of life. It was also his custom to have one 
 or more unconverted persons as objects of special, continued prayer. To 
 such persons he would sometimes write earnestly and solemnly, beseeching 
 them to turn to the Lord, and declaring his intention to pray daily for them 
 until a certain season, after which he should cease from such particular ef- 
 fort. God made him the means of many conversions. His tract " Knocking 
 at the Door" has been much blessed. 
 
 He had the true spirit of a reformer. "What he saw to be wrong, he 
 Struck at with no uncertain blow ; nothing could abash or intimidate him. 
 Derision, threats, and the et cetera of opposition, whether individual or or- 
 ganized, fell like snow-flakes on his iron armor. When he came to India, 
 missionaries drank wine. He drank it himself. But as soon as the trum- 
 pet-clang of teetotalism smote across the ocean on his ears, he stopped, 
 examined the subject, decided that total abstinence was the only rational 
 and righteous course, and he dashed the wine-cup from his table forever. 
 He encountered a determined hostility, but he wavered not, and rested not, 
 till he established teetotalism in his mission. "When he was sent with an- 
 other missionary to form the Madras mission, he assailed the whole com- 
 munity with his teetotal enginery. He was immediately made the object 
 of virulent attacks from every quarter. Professing Christians and world- 
 lings joined in the hue and cry ; a caricature, purporting to be a description 
 of his death and funeral obsequies, appeared in one of the English news- 
 papers. Some persons even threatened to tar and feather him, and ride him 
 on a rail. Here also he steadily persevered. In a journal which he had 
 established, he gave his adversaries harder knocks than they had bestowed 
 on him, turned the tables upon them, routed them from their refuges of lies, 
 and founded a flourishing teetotal society. Again, when the question of 
 caste in the Christian church was mooted, he studied it thoroughly, and 
 put his hand vigorously to the extirpation of caste, root and branch. He 
 was then a member of the Madura mission. He said that " Caste was the 
 mightiest obstacle to the progress of the Gospel ; that it was a monster that 
 14 
 
210 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 defied description, worse than idolatry itself." Led by him, they threw off 
 this enemy which was feeding on their very vitals, and from that day the 
 course of that mission has been upward and prosperous. He inquired not 
 if there were many or few on his side, but when satisfied of the right, he 
 marched on, as though the world were with him. 
 
 He was never disheartened. When asked in America, "What are the 
 discouragements of the missionary M'ork ?" he answered, " I do not know 
 the word. I long ago erased it from my vocabulary." Nothing could cast him 
 down. His obedience and hopes, being based on the command and promise 
 of the Lord, did not fluctuate with exterior events. Here was the command, 
 " Preach the Gospel to every creature." Here likewise was the promise, 
 "My word shall not return unto me void." These furnished him with im- 
 movable foundations. Upon these he stood, and no opposition, however 
 malignant and protracted, no exhibition of the human heart however appal- 
 ling, no obstacle however formidable, no reverses however heart-rending, 
 could dismay him. His work was to bear the precious seed, with weeping 
 and prayer, and the rest was the Master's work. He religiously appropri- 
 ated a tenth of his annual income for the Lord's use. 
 
 The praise of men never entered into his mind as a motive of action. Ob- 
 loquy could not oppress nor applause elate him. The esteem and love of 
 men were not desirable to him, if conditional on even the slightest conces- 
 sion of principle or practice on his part. The Saviour's approval was his 
 Aim. Beyond that he seemed not to have a thought. 
 
 Almost every large town in the south-eastern part of Hindoostan heard 
 the Gospel from his lips. His tours were many and extensive. He once 
 stood eleven consecutive hours, when on a tour, at his post. He did not 
 stop even to eat, but had coffee brought to him. It was his habit when thus 
 .standing to lean on his left arm, and it was supposed by his medical advis- 
 ers that this was the cause of its becoming paralyzed. AVhen he left India 
 to visit America, it hung motionless by his side. He recovered its use on 
 the voyage. After he had become unable to itinerate, he preached twice 
 daily, in Madras, only excepting Friday morning, his fast day. When he 
 heard that his son Samuel, whom he expected shortly to join him, was dead, 
 he resolved to make up Samuel's loss by extra work, especially since so few 
 missionaries came to India. This excessive labor soon brought on his first 
 serious illness. He subsequently preached twice daily, but his failing 
 strength soon compelled him to lessen his labors, and ultimately to take a 
 .voyage to the Cape of Good Hope. The voyage and change seemed greatly 
 to benefit him. He endeared himself to the colonists there by frequent 
 services. He had taken passage, and was on the eve of embarking again 
 for India, when he was suddenly stricken down by apoplexy and died. — Fx- 
 tractsfrom a letter of H. M. S. 
 ScuDDER, John, (s. of John Scudder,) R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 
 I860-, voyage to India, March-June, 1861, Chittoor, 1861-3, Arcot, 1863, 
 
 Palamanair, 1863-5, Arcot, 1865 — 
 -■Scudder, Joseph, (s. of John Scudder,) R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 
 1851 ; voyage to India, 1851-2, Arcot, 1852-6, Coonoor, 1856-9, voy- 
 
THE MINISTEY. 211 
 
 age to England, Dec. ISoO-March, 18G0, voyage to America, ISGO, chap- 
 lain in ami}', 18G1, chaplain at Fort Columbus, 1861-3, Sec. Am. and 
 For. Ch. Union, 18G3— 
 
 Scuddcr, Samuel D. (s. of J. Scudder,) Fv.C. 1847, N.B.S. d. Nov. 14th, 1849. 
 
 ScrDDEK, Silas, (a. of John Scudder,) R.C. 18G0; voyage to India, Fcb.- 
 Maj-, 18G0; went as a physician; 1. CI. Arcot, 18G2; Arncc, 18G2-3, 
 Palamanair, 1863-5, has charge of the Dispensary in Arcot, 18Co — 
 
 ScvPnEU, William W. (s. of J. Scudder,) C.N.J. 1841, P.S. 1844, 1. Presbyt. ; 
 voyage to India, Nov. 184G-Feb. '47; Batticotta, Ceylon, 1847-51, voj'- 
 age to America, 1851, to India, 1852, Arcot, 1852-G, voyage to America, 
 Dec. 1856-March, '57, voyage back to India, Dec. 1858- Ap. '59, Chittoor, 
 1859-60, Vellore, 1860-4, has charge of Arcot Seminary, 18G4— 
 
 Searle, Jeremiah, b. at Atkinson, N. H. 1795, Bowdoin and U.C. 1821, stud- 
 ied under Yates, 1. by Cong. Assoc, of Vermont, 1823; Rotterdam 1st and 
 2d, 1823-5, Coxsackie, 1825-51, Miss, to Keyport, 1851-3, Fallsburgh, 
 1S53-G1, d. 
 
 In childhood he was distinguished for a joyous and benevolent tempera- 
 ment which was a lifelong characteristic. During his college course he 
 made himself useful in visiting places around Schenectady, and while study- 
 ing theology, he had constant service at a school-house in Rotterdam, which 
 resulted in a revival and the organization of a church. After laboring for 
 a quarter of a century at Coxsackie, he left that field on account of perse- 
 cution. At Fallsburgh, in the midst of a very heterogeneous population, his 
 activity and diligence were rewarded by a large revival, bringing seventy 
 persons into the church. He was a man of open, unsuspecting geniality of 
 spirit. Robust in body and cheerful in mind, his face wore an habitual 
 smile. The most adverse denominations respected and loved him. As a 
 preacher, he was a man of diligent study, careful preparation, and a solemn, 
 earnest delivery. His sermons contained the results of various reading, 
 much reflection, deep Christian experience, and no small knowledge of 
 human nature. 
 
 Seakle, Jekemiah, (s. of Jer. Searle,) R.C. 1855, NJ5.S. 1858, 1. CI. Mon- 
 mouth, 1858 ; Bloomingburgh, 1858-62, chap. 144th Reg. N.Y.S.Y. 1862- 
 3, Oyster Bay, 18G3-6, Syracuse, 18GC-8, Albany 3d, 18G8, 
 
 Seahle, Saml-el T. (s. of Jer. Searle,) U.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. of 
 Greene, 1848; Tiossiock, 1848-50, Saratoga, 1850-57, Leeds, 1857— 
 
 Searle, Stephex, (s. of Jer. Searle,) U.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1853; Mamakating, 1853-9, Griggstown, 1859— 
 
 Sears, Jacob C. U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824 ; Miss, to Spring 
 Garden, Philadelphia, 1824, Spring Garden 1st, (or Philadelphia 2d, 
 Eighth St.) 1825-33, Six Mile Run, 1833— 
 
212 TUE MINISTRY. 
 
 Seeking, Arad J. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Geneva, 1862; Mellen- 
 ville, 1862— 
 
 Seeking, Elbekt N. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Geneva, 1865 ; Ghent 
 2d, 1865— 
 
 See, Isaac M. R.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1852,1. CI. N.Y. 1852; Middleburgh, 
 1852-4, Mt. Vernon, 1854-64, Mt. Pleasant, 50th st., N.Y.C. 1864-7, 
 Miss, to Palisades, 1868 — 
 
 See, John L. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.Y. 1844; Kiskatom, 1847- 
 50, Unionville, 1850-53, Unionville and Greenburgh, 1853-4, Miss, in 
 Buffalo, 1854r-5, Buffalo 1st, 1855-61, Cor. Sec. Bd. Education, 1861— 
 
 See, Wm. G. E. N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. KB. 1853 ; North-Blenheim, and S.S. 
 Breakabin, and Eminence, 1853-9, Gilboa, 1859-61, Amity, 1861-8, Kis- 
 katom, 1868 — 
 
 Seeber, Safrenus, b. at Sharon, N.Y. 1811, R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. 
 
 Schoharie, 1846 ; Centreville, 1846-9, Mottville, 1849-51, d. 
 
 He had a warm, gushing heart, and earnestly desired to labor for Christ. 
 But he began his studies late in life, and his powers had not therefore re- 
 ceived that early discipline by which he could learn rapidly or easily, yet 
 he never flagged in his exertions. In the ministry he was deeply engaged 
 in his Master's work, and indefatigable in labor. 
 
 Seieert, Geo. A. R.C. 1862, in national army 3 years, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. 
 Bergen, 1866 ; Middletown Village, 1866— 
 
 Seely, Amos W. b. in N.Y.C. 1805, U.C. 1828, P.S. 1831; Frankfort, 1831- 
 5, (Hillsdale, N.Y. Presbyt. 1835-40,) Cicero, 1840-4, (New-Haven, N.Y. 
 1844-6,) supplied Salisbury, 1846-55, d. 1865. 
 
 He was a serious, earnest, solid, and practical preacher. His sermons 
 were characterized by the gravity of their manner, and the perspicacity of 
 their reason, rather than by brilliant rhetoric. He aimed to present the 
 truths of his text, with reference to the personal interests and responsibili- 
 ties of his audience. His ministry was greatly blessed. He was of a re- 
 markably amiable disposition, and free from guile. In the privacies of home, 
 the sanctities of the church, the activities of the busy world, among the 
 rich or poor, he was always the same, and truly adorned the doctrine of 
 God his Saviour. He was the author of two works. Doctrinal Thoughts, 
 and Practical Thoughts, which were highly commended and passed through 
 several editions. 
 
 Seelye, Edward E. b. at Lansingburgh, 1819, U.C. 1839, P.S. 1843 ; (Still- 
 water, N.Y. 1843-50, Sandy Hill, 1850-58,) Schenectady, 1st, 1858-65, 
 d. 
 
 He cannot readily be forgotten by any one who knew him. The first 
 impression from his acquaintance was that of rugged strength. Physically, 
 he was robust, a little above medium height, with a compact, well-knit frame. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 213 
 
 In repose his countenance w.os somewhat stern, but no eye ever greeted a 
 friend more frankly than his, or looked upon childhood more tenderly, or 
 won even timid confidence more readily. With this physique his mind and 
 heart were in perfect correspondence. He had a robust, rugged intellect, 
 which delighted to grapple with difficulties, and which could be content 
 with no superficial acquirements. His devotion to trutli and right was 
 chivalrous, and brooked no compromise. And yet in his ministrations of 
 the word he oftenest and most lovingly dwelt upon the revelations of God's 
 love and the truths which appeal to the tendercst feelings of the heart. 
 Beneath the exterior strength of body and mind, Dr. Seelye had the heart 
 of a child. Extremely sensitive, he repaid confidence with confidence, and 
 love with love, in a manner which left no one to doubt of his friendship. 
 "With such an organization, his delight was in his familj^ No wife or chil- 
 dren were ever cherished more tenderly than his, and no one ever loved 
 home more than he. As a preacher, he was always instructive, never dull, 
 and seldom cold. As a scholar he was diligent, thorough, and widely ac- 
 complished. As a theologian, he was uncompromisingly orthodox, and 
 always able and ready to give a logical, scriptural, and unanswerable reason 
 why. As a writer and thinker his style is preserved in a posthumous volume 
 of discourses entitled Bible Eiriblems, published by the American Tract 
 Society.—/. A. D. B. 
 
 Seelye, Julius 11. Schenectady, 1st, 1853-8. Prof, of Moral Phil. andMeta. 
 - physics, in Amherst Coll. 1858-C3, d. 18C6. 
 
 Selden, Calvin. From Royalton xissoc. Yt. 1857, Jersey City 3d, 1857. 
 
 Selyns, Henricus, b. in Amsterdam, 1636, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1659 ; Brook- 
 lyn, Bushwick, and Gravesend, 1660-64, returned to Holland ; (Waver- 
 veen, Holland, 1666-82, also Chaplain in Holland army, 1675;) New- 
 Amsterdam, 1682-1701, d. 
 
 He was the most eminent of the ministers who had yet come from Hol- 
 land. His ancestors, on both sides, had been officers in the Reformed Church 
 in Holland, since its organization, a century before. He was officiating as 
 & proponent, (or licentiate,) when he received the call to Brooklyn. Gov. 
 Stuyvesant was in the north effecting some Indian treaties, when he arrived, 
 and together with Blom, his fellow-passenger, they followed him to Esopus 
 and Fort Orange, to present their letters. He was presented to his congre- 
 gation by two officers of the government — Xicasius de Sille and Martin 
 Krigier — and was installed Sept. 3d, 1660. He also officiated on Sabbath 
 evenings at Gov. Stuyvesant's Bouwerie, (now on East 13th st.,) especially 
 instructing the negroes. He also occasionally preached for the Huguenots 
 on Staten Island. His charge extended from Wallabout to Gowanus. He 
 once came in collision with the magistrates, who attempted to override his 
 ecclesiastical prerogatives. In a respectful letter, he declined to appear be- 
 fore them or acknowledge their authority in such matters. He sustained 
 himself with firmness, dignity, and force of reason, and his arguments pre- 
 
214 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 vailed. He married, in 1662, Machtelt Specht, a young lady of New- 
 Utrecht ; and if we may trust his own description, of rare beauty and worth- 
 He subsequently married Margaret de Riemer, widow of Hon. Cornelius 
 Steenwyck. He had engaged himself for service in America, for only four 
 years, and was anxious to return, as he said, to gladden the eyes of his aged 
 parents. He left upon the arrival of Samuel Megapolensis, a short time be- 
 fore the surrender. He had been already greatly useful, and was highly 
 esteemed. He took charge of a small congregation in Holland, whose in- 
 habitants earned their living by gathering turf. Yet he was contented with 
 his position, and refused a call to New-Amsterdam, to become colleague 
 with Drisius, in 1670, after the death of the elder Megapolensis. The call 
 was renewed in 1682, after the death of Drisius and Van Niewenhuysen, 
 and was now accepted. The need was pressing, as Van Zuuren, on Long 
 Island, was the only minister nearer than Weekstein, at Kingston, and 
 Schaats, at Albany. He was received with great affection and joy. He 
 preached three times a week, and jsatechised the children on Sunday eve- 
 nings, and oflBciated occasionally at Bergen and Harlem. His was now the 
 most important ecclesiastical position in the province. It was also a most 
 critical period for the Reformed Church, and the greatest wisdom and pru- 
 dence were necessary to preserve her privileges, under English aggressions. 
 The Dutch were only tolerated, according to the capitulation, as dissenters. 
 The Governors attempted to exercise arbitrary powers, but the people re- 
 sisted. Domine Selyns was fully alive to the importance of the subject, 
 and was rejoiced at the arrival of Gov. Dongan in 1683, who allowed full 
 liberty of conscience. An assembly of the people was soon called, which 
 among other matters established the legal position of the denominations, 
 allowing the churches to choose their own ministers. The law never indeed 
 became operative, but it increased the struggle for religious freedom. In 
 1689, with the accession of William and Mary to the throne of England, 
 Leisler, a political adventurer, supported by the lower orders, seized the fort 
 and the public funds, for " the preservation of the Protestant religion," as 
 he declared, but this was only a pretext for his usurpation. The Dutch 
 clergy, without exception, opposed his pretensions, and when Gov. Nichol- 
 son fled, and Leisler really possessed the government, they still continued 
 their opposition, and preached against his authority. This excited the Gov- 
 ernor bitterly against them. (Dellius, Varick.) Yet Selyns committed no 
 overt act, so that he was able to remain at his post, and was for a time the 
 only Dutch minister on duty in the province, but he was in close commu- 
 nication and sympathy with the leaders of the opposition, and was con- 
 stantly watched. His house was seai'ched, and his service in the church 
 interrupted by Leisler himself, who was a member, and his letters to Hol- 
 land were intercepted. Selyns rejoiced over his speedy downfall, preach- 
 iug a sermon on the occasion from the words of the Psalmist, " I had faint- 
 ed unless I had believed, to see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the 
 living." But his conduct split the congregation, and his salary was 
 withheld by a part of thera, for several years. Leisler himself was a low, 
 
THE MINISTRY. 215 
 
 illiterate man. and the same classes of tlic people were his friends. ITc was 
 executed in lO'Jl. Selyns's letters, at this time, refer to the civil difficulties 
 and the evils to the church incident thereto. lie says that he and Domino 
 Varick, who endure more than can be believed, have to be patient of neces- 
 sity. In 1693, during the administration of Fletcher, the city had become 
 unprecedentedh^ corrupt, by the inllux of freebooters and privateers, who 
 made it their rendezvous, with the Governor's sanction. Fletcher also pro- 
 cured the passage of an act to provide a ministry by law, thus establishing 
 the Episcopal Church. The disimte was really between the Episcopalians 
 and the Presbyterians ; yet, whichever side prevailed, the Dutch were sure 
 to suffer. Selyns was not satisfied with the legal condition of the Reform- 
 ed Church. Its privileges might at any moment be withdrawn. lie and his 
 consistory therefore applied for a charter, which was the first church char- 
 ter issued in the colony. It was not obtained, however, but by a considera- 
 ble service of plate presented to the Governor. It is dated May 11th, 1096. 
 This charter secured to the church of New-York its independence. Be- 
 sides permitting them to call their own ministers, to hold property, etc., 
 it also provided for a compulsory payment of church rates, by the members. 
 This latter idea was stricken out at the confirmation of the charter in 1784. 
 It may also be worthy of remark that when the Episcopalians called Mr. 
 Vesc}-, a Presbyterian on Long Island, as the first rector of Trinity Church, 
 Selyns assisted in the installation service, which was performed in the Gar- 
 den street church. Selyns now felt that the liberties of the Dutch Church 
 were secured. He had labored faithfully, zealously, and successfully. Amid 
 all his trials, no one had ventured to breathe a syllable against the purity of 
 his life, or of his fidelitj^ to the spiritual interests of his congregation. He 
 was sixty years old, and needed help. He had been alone in his extensive 
 charge during his whole ministry, although Daillg had preached in the 
 French Reformed Church from 1683-90, and Perrot after him. He called 
 these his colleagues. The consistory therefore, in 1098, resolved to call a col- 
 league, as their new charter gave them this right. The old party of the 
 friends of Leisler were opposed. They wished a minister of their own part}-. 
 The controversy was carried to Holland. Mr. Verdieren, whom they had 
 called, declined. Then the Classis called Rev. Gualterus Du Bois, who in 
 1699 entered on his duties, and continued for more than half a century. 
 Selyns possessed in an eminent degree that rare combination of faculties 
 which unites the zeal of the preacher, seeking the salvation of souls, with 
 the prudence of the presbyter, looking after the temporalities of the church. 
 He was most systematic, energetic, and industrious in the discharge of his 
 ministerial and pastoral duties. He was the chief of the early ministers 
 to enlarge the usefulness of the church to which he belonged, and to secure 
 for it an independent and permanent foundation under the Enghsh govern- 
 ment, lie died in his sixty-fifth year, universally esteemed for his talents 
 and his virtues. In all his letters he shows an entirely catholic spirit, 
 speaking kindly of other denominations, and rejoicing in their success. His 
 liberal and amiable character endeared him to all around him. He was on 
 
216 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 terms of friendship with the heads of government, and in correspondence 
 with distinguished men in the neighboring colonies. He was also a poet, * 
 versifying in both Latin and Dutch. Cotton Mather, with whom he corre- 
 sponded considerably, remarks of him, " He had so nimble a faculty of put- 
 ting his devout thoughts into verse, that he signalized himself by the great- 
 
 * The following is from the pen (and heart) of Domiae Selyns. It is given as one of the 
 earliest specimens of poetry in the colony : 
 
 BIRTHDAY GAELAND, 
 WOVEN m HONOR OF MATILDA SPECHT. 
 
 See the nymphs of Utrecht flying. 
 
 See them tripping o'er the street, 
 See them little chaplets buying, 
 
 Chaplets for adorning meet. 
 Chaplets to a maid becoming, 
 
 Fruitlets of a sprightly brain. 
 Where are flowers always blooming. 
 
 See, bow joyous is the train. 
 To behold them is a pleasure ; 
 
 Some are running ia and out, 
 Many singing till the azure 
 
 Echoes with the blithesome shout. 
 Others laughing ; who's the being ? 
 
 From the cold that they are not fleeing. 
 
 ANTISTKOPHB. 
 
 They are thus with garlands wreathing 
 
 Th' sweetest creature of the town ; 
 Who for evil no ill breathing, 
 
 Evil sees with horror's frown ; 
 Who, when with her babe she's playing, 
 
 Image is of modesty ; 
 Who, all wantonness bewraying, 
 
 Leads a life of purity ; 
 Who with scorn the base despises, 
 
 Who the truth doth highly prize ; 
 Who for gain no word disguises, 
 
 Nor for mean advantage tries ; 
 Her word lightly never breathing, 
 
 'Tis for her they're garlands wreathing. 
 
 Why, when all are frozen under. 
 
 And the fruits all withered lie, 
 Taste and smeU ta'en thence asunder. 
 
 When the earth appears to die ; 
 When the roofs with snow are bending, 
 
 Roofs, whereunder dwellings are ; 
 When the boughs the sleet is sending. 
 
 Whence with sprigs they deck the fair ; 
 When the forest leaves are dying. 
 
 And no herbage clothes the field ; 
 When the seed, all dormant lying. 
 
 Not a living plant will yield ; 
 Why, when none of these are living, " 
 
 Must they blooming flowers be giving ? 
 
THE MINISTRY. 
 
 217 
 
 est frequency perhaps, whicli ever man used, of sending poems to all per- 
 sons, in all places, on all occasions ; and upon this, as well as upon greater 
 accounts, was a David unto the Hocks of our Lord in the wilderness."— 
 Magnalia, m. 4:\.—See Murph/s Anthology of Neic-Xetherlamh, for his 
 life and poetry. 
 
 [Senn, Jacob, I.. 1776, U. Pa. 1703 ? TTardwick, Stillwater, Susscxtown, and 
 Knowlton, N. J., 1795-1800, Toliicken, SpvingOeld, and Indiantield, Pa. 
 1800-18, d.] 
 Serven, Isaac, lie. by Seceders, 1828, suspended, 1831. 
 Serenbets, Francis M. Ordained as a Roman priest, at Friburg, ISS-t, c. to 
 .\merica, 18-iG ; 1. CI. Bergen, 1848, Newark 3d, 1848-9, New-Brunswick 
 Sd, 1851-4, w. c. 
 Seward, Dwight M. Y.C. (AVest-IIartford, Ct.) Yonkers, 1851-2, Preslyt. 
 SiiAFEK, Thomas L. 1. CI. Schoharie, 1859 ; North-Blenheim, 1859-Gl, North- 
 Blenheim and Breakabin, 1861-7. 
 Shaw, John B. from Rutland Assoc. Yt. 1852, Tiossiock, 1852-9, d. 18G5. 
 Shaw, John F. R.C. 1865. N.B.S. 1868; Athens, Pa. 1808— 
 
 ANTISTROPHE. 
 
 Sooner not the decoration ; 
 
 It is now her natal day. 
 Ever comes the celebration, 
 
 When the waters ice display. 
 Who shall sooner hope for pleasure ? 
 
 It is now the fitting time 
 For attire to spend our treasure, 
 
 And in merriment to join. 
 AH, of trouble, disencumber. 
 
 This sprightly creature to adorn. 
 Twenty years she now doth number, 
 
 Since the day she here was born ; 
 Since she came where heaven's portal 
 
 Is the aim of every mortal. 
 
 'Tis her birthday and no later. 
 
 Let your garlands gayly lly ; 
 Wish her ornaments no greater ; 
 
 Wish her all prosperity ; 
 Wish her many days to live for. 
 
 That she may no sorrow know ; 
 Pray, " Upon her, Great Jehovah I 
 
 Do TUT blessinfcs e'er bestow ; " 
 Wish her, when th' immortal spirit 
 
 Leaves her body here to die, 
 She may then that life inherit 
 
 Which shall live eternally, 
 That she may ascend to heaven, 
 
 Where all fear of death is driven. 
 
 Non qiue super terram. 
 
218 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Shaw, Wji. A. Madison University, N.Y. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Monmouth, 
 1859 ; Marbletown, 1859-GO, Wiltwyck Station, Miss, to, 1800-"!, Wilt- 
 wyck, 1864— 
 
 Sheffield, John H. U.N.Y. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1840 ; 
 
 North-Hempstead, 1843-6, Miss, to the West, 1846-7, Miss, to the poor 
 
 and destitute in Indiana, 1849, died 1803. 
 
 He is described as possessing mental powers, a gentle carriage, and ear- 
 nest, unobtrusive piety, which commended him to the love of all. His noble 
 brow excited admiration, and his heartful voice in prayer left a deep im- 
 press on the memorj'-. He was a man of unselfish constancy, fervid percep- 
 tion of the truth, unswerving purity of sentiment, and winning amenity in 
 walk and conversation. In him divine grace had made trophy of a noble 
 natvu'e, and sanctified it for an ensample. But disease was working in his 
 system from his youth, and cut down his ministerial service to a i'ew years. 
 He spent the last years of his life near SufTern, N. Y. 
 
 Shepakd, Chas. J. R.C. 1850. N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. N.Y. 1853 ; Pompton 
 Plains, 1853-8, Linlithgow, 1858-G7, Newtown, 'l867— 
 
 Sherwood, Nathan L. Cold Spring, 1807. 
 
 Shimeall, Robt. C. from Rensselaerville Bapt. Assoc. Miss, in Piivington St. 
 KY.C. 1827-8, Pompton, 1828-9, New-Prospect, 1829-81. 
 
 Sickles, Jacob, b. at Tappan, 1772, C.C. 1792, studied under Froeligh and 
 Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1794 ; Schenectady, assisting Ronieyn, 1794-7, 
 Coxsackie and Coe3rmans, 1797-1801, Kinderhook, 1801-35, d. 1845. 
 His having been invited as an assistant to the eminent Dirck Romeyn, at 
 Schenectady, and continuing there for three years, speaks much in reference 
 to his early ability, and the estimation in which he was then held. His 
 field at Kinderhook was very extensive, embracing the present area of seve- 
 ral churches. His labors were here greatly blessed, the numbers professing 
 their faith under his ministry averaging twenty a year, for thirty years. As 
 a preacher he was chaste, afiectionate, and searching. His style of sermon- 
 izing was ornate, classical, finished ; and his pungent appeals to the heart 
 and conscience evinced a faithful servant of the Master, and a discriminating 
 mind in estimating human character. As a pastor, he had many excellen- 
 ces. He was noted for his uniform and sincere affection, his enlarged be- 
 nevolence, his remarkable humility, and his proverbial prudence, together 
 with his untiring assiduity in winning souls for Christ. In all the relations 
 of life, his piety was paramount, his daily walk was with God. He preached, 
 as unbelievers admitted, every hour of his life. 
 
 Sill, Geo. G. b. 1791, Copperas, (Brunswick,) 111. 1841-9, died, 1859. 
 
 SiMONSON, John. R.C. 1842. N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. of Philadelphia, 1845 ; 
 West-Farms, 1845-52, Bethlehem, 1st, 1852-64, Plainfield, (Central,) 
 1864— 
 
 Sinclair, J. H. from Fourth Presbyt. N.Y. Richmond, S. L 1800— 
 
THE MINISTRY. 
 
 219 
 
 Skim-max, Wm. J. B.C. 18G0. N.B.S. 1SG3, 1. CI. N.B. 18G3 ; Macon and 
 South-Macon, 1803— 
 
 Skinner, Thos. U. U.N.Y. 1840, Stapleton, 1859-G7. 
 
 Slauson, Hiram, U.C. 1837, Northnnibcrland, 18-1-1-52, Dccrpark, 1853-7, 
 Ncw-Salem, 1861-2, Nevv-Salem and Chirksville, 1SG2-0, w. c. 
 
 SHngcrland, Elbert, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; Glenville 1st, 1824-33, 
 Chittenango, 1833-4, AVcsterlo, 1834-G, AVatcrford, l«3G-7, Wynantskill, 
 1887-40, Madison and Sun Prairie, 1844-G, New-IIuHcy, 1S4G-.54, .Mo- 
 hawk, 1855-0, Glenville 2d, 1857-00, Hagaman's Mills, 1800-2, S.S. Mo- 
 hawk, 18G5-G. 
 
 Slnytcr, Richard, b. at Nassau, N.Y. 1787, N.B.S. 1815, 1. CI. N.B. 1815 ; 
 Claverack, and Hillsdale, 181G-25, Claverack, 1825-42, Clavcrack 1st 
 and 2d, 1842, Claverack 1st, 1843, died. Also supplied Ghent for seven 
 
 years. 
 
 He was one of the most apostolic men our church has produced. He was 
 distinguished as a revivalist. During his ministry at Claverack of twenty- 
 eight years, there were six extensive revivals, in some of which the converts 
 numbered by hundreds. He wore himself out in the work. His memory, 
 as a man of God, is still fresh in the hearts of the people of all that region, 
 which was spiritually transformed by his labors. His native qualities were 
 a fine and even martial personal appearance, great conversational powers, 
 energy, hopefulness, courage, simplicity, and generosity. He was an un- 
 usually excellent singer. He was incessantly visiting his people, and talk- 
 ing to them about their souls. He was active and self-denying in the es- 
 tablishment of new churches, in whole or in part formed from his own. His 
 death-bed was a scene of great spiritual beauty and power.— /See Memoir lij 
 Currie. F. N. Z. 
 Smaltz, John Henry, Q.C. 1818. N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819 ; German 
 
 Beformed ; d. 1801. 
 Smit, Roelof, Drenthe, 1851-3. 
 Smith, John, w. c. 1849 — 
 
 Smith, Nicholas E. B.C. 1841. N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. N.Y. 1845; Miss, at 
 Port Washington, Mon. Co. 1845-7, Oyster Bay, 1847-53, Brooklyn, 
 Middle, 1853— 
 Smith, Samuel, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D. R. Chs. 1789 ; 
 
 Saratoga, 1789-1800, Preshyt. 
 Smith, Thos. Gibson, b. 1750, in Scotland, c. to America, 1774, studied 
 under Mason, 1. Assoc. Ref. 1791 ; (Little Britain, and Shawangunk, Assoc. 
 Ref.) 1791-9, Kleyn Esopus, and Bloomingdale, 1799-1801, Kleyn 
 Esopus, Bloomingdale, and Hurley, 1801-8, Tarrytown, 1808-12, Tarry- 
 town, (and Greenburgh, Presbyt.) 1812-20, Tarrytown and Unionville, 
 1820-37, died April 10th. 
 
U.O^i 
 
 220 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 He identified himself with the party of liberty, soon after he came to 
 America, and took some active part in the war. At its close he determin- 
 ed to prepare for the ministry, in which he labored for almost half a cen- 
 tury. He was strongly attached to the standards of his church, and gave a 
 prominence to them in his preaching. His manner was discriminating, and 
 rich in evangelical sentiment; it was also eminently experimental and prac- 
 tical. This made him a favorite preacher with the aged and experienced. 
 He was favored with several revivals. His body, possessed of great vigor 
 and strength, was the type of his mind. 
 
 Smith, Wm. H. E.G. 1862; Ephratah, 1865-8, also S.S. at Tillaborough, 
 
 1867. 
 
 Smith, William Richmond, (s. of Rev. Robt. Smith) b. in Lancaster Co. Pa. 
 
 ^. 1753, C.N.J. 17. ., (Wilmington, Del. 1780-94,) Ne-Shanic and HarHngen, 
 /yy^' 1794-1817, d. 1820. 
 '^ ' , His father was minister at Pequea, Pa., while his mother was sister of 
 
 / the celebrated brothers, Samuel and John Blair, most eminent preachers. 
 He had also two distinguished preachers for brothers, namely, Samuel S 
 Smith and John Smith. He was a man of a sound mind, and an edifying 
 preacher — a man highly esteemed and revered by the people to whom he 
 ministered through the long period of twenty-five years — a courteous, gentle- 
 manly man. He visited his people faithfully and regularly as a pastor, 
 going through his congregation or parish in a year and a half, yearly, and 
 every year, so long as he was able, not passing by a single family. He was 
 stricken with paralysis, while in the act of preaching to his people. He 
 survived the attack for several years, but was a wreck in mind and body 
 during the remainder of his life. His remains rest among the people of his 
 charge, and he being dead yet speaketh. This short sketch is made up ot 
 materials gathered from tradition, and it is to be regretted that more ma- 
 terials cannot be gathered so as to furnish a longer account of one so es- 
 timable ; but what has been gathered is authentic and reliable. — Q. L. 
 
 Smock, John H. R.C. 1863. N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Mormouth, 1866 ; Oyster 
 Bay, 1866— 
 
 Smuller, Henry W. from Presbyt. Genesee; Kingston 2d, 1849-53. 
 
 Snyder, Benj. F. R.C. 1846. N.B.S. 1849, 1. Cl. Ulster, 1849 ; Blooming- 
 dale, 1850-52, Miss, at Mt. Vernon, 1852-54, Arcadia, 1855-6, Schodack, 
 1856— 
 
 Snyder, G. W See Schneyder. 
 
 Snyder, Henry, Miss, to Frankford and Schuyler, (Herkimer Co. N.Y.) 1829- 
 30, Herkimer, 1831. 
 
 Southard, Jas. L. R.C. 1866, student in N.B.S. 
 
 [Spangenberg, Cyriacus, b. in Hesse, came to America with the Hessian 
 troops, 1776, was refused a licensure bj' the Ger. Coetus, 1783, preached 
 
THE MINISTRY. 221 
 
 at Slianiokin, Sclinsgrovc, Mahantongo, and Middle Creek, 1784-5, Frank- 
 lin Co. Pa. 1785-90, 1795, executed.] 
 
 lie was an impostor. He sought licensure several times, but never suc- 
 ceeded in getting it. lie preached independently in dilTerent places, till his 
 bad character followed him, or he exposed himself. He had left a wife in 
 Europe, and another marriage was within a day's consummation with one 
 of his innocent flock, when a letter was discovered which revealed his base- 
 ness. "When seeking to be settled at Berlin, Elder Glassmore, sitting near 
 him, remonstrated against receiving him, when Spangenberg stabbed him 
 to the heart. He was convicted and executed. 
 
 Sp.vildixg, Cvkil, R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 184G ; New-Rhine- 
 beck and Cobleskill, 1846-9, New-Rhinebeck, 1849-52, Blooming Grove, 
 1852-G, Rotterdam 2d, 1856-60, Athens 1st and 2d, 18G0-6, Athens 
 1st, 18G6-8, Shawangunk, 18G8— • 
 
 Spinner, John P. (Mins. G.S. i. p. 338, has it printed Spencer,) German 
 Flats, and Herkimer, 1802-35, German Flats, 1835-48, d. 
 
 [Sprole, Wm. T. P.S. 1829, Ger. Ref. Philadelphia, 1832-7, Washington, 
 D.C. . . . Chaplain, West-Point, . . . .Newburgh.] 
 
 Staats, John A. R.C. 1836, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840, Clintonville, 
 1840-1, Preakness, 1843-61, Blooming Grove, 1861-6, w. c. 
 
 [Stahlschmidt, John Christian, b. in Nassau-Sieger, 1740, c. to America, 
 1770, lie. by Ger. Coetus, 1777; settled over the churches near York, 
 Pa. 1777-9, returned to Germany, 1780, d. about 1825. — See interesting 
 Memoir in Harhmigh^ s Lives.'] 
 
 Stanbrough, Rufcs M. R.C. 1858. N.B.S. 1861 ; Manheim, and Indian 
 Castle, (Danube,) 1861— 
 
 [Stapel, Casper Michael, Amwell, N.J. 1762-3] 
 
 Starks, Jared L. Bowman's Creek, (now Buel,) 1840-2, S.S. Columbia, and 
 Mohawk, 1842-3, Mohawk and German Flats, and S.S. Frankford, 1843- 
 4, Mohawk and Frankfort, 1844-6, Mohawk, 1846-52, Fort Herkimer, 
 1852-7, w. c. Fort Herkimer, 1861-2, d. 
 
 Statesir, Bkxj. T. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, I. CI. Monmouth, 1865; Stone 
 House Plains, 1866— 
 
 Stebbins, (Jas. ?) U.C. 1842? P.S. 1845, (Plattsburg, N.J. 18. .,) S.S. Fort 
 Miller, 1848. 
 
 Steele, John, R.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 1848; Lebanon, 1848-53, 
 Coxsackic2d, 1853-8, Union Village, 1858-65, Totowa 1st, 1805— 
 
 Steele, John B. Mid. C. 1818, Ass. Ref Sem. (under Mason) 1822, lie. by 
 A.R. Presbyt. of New-York, 1822 ; supplied Albany, Middle, 1823, Boght, 
 1824-83, Middlcburgh, 1833-8, also S.S. Breakabin, 1837, Helderbergh, 
 1838-46, engaged in teaching 1846-54, Cortlandtown, 1854-7, emeritus. 
 
222 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Steele, Richard H. (s. of John B. Steele,) R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI 
 Schenectady, 1847, [Charlton, 1847-50, Ballston Spa. Presbyt.] 1850-52, 
 Nassau, 1852-63, New-Brunswick 1 st, 1863— 
 
 Steele, Wm. H. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840 ; voyage to Borneo, 
 May-Sept. 1842, Batavia, 1842-3, Karangan, 1843-9, returned to Ameri- 
 ca ; w. c. 
 
 [Steiner, John Conrad, b. in Switzerland, 1707, (Mettsmenstten, two years,) 
 St. Peterzell, 1735-46, St. Georgen, 1747-9, c. to America ; Philadelphia, 
 1751-2, and Germantown, Pa. (G.R.) 1751-6, Fredericktown, Md. 1756- 
 9, and itinerated over all the neighboring country, Philadelphia, 1759- 
 62, d.] 
 
 He was a native of Winterthur, in Switzerland, and was devoted by his 
 mother, while a babe on her bosom, to the service of God. He began to 
 preach at the age of nineteen. "While a pastor in Europe, (1738,) he pub- 
 lished a volume called The Midnight Cry, comprising twenty-five ser- 
 mons. Dr. Zacharias says : " They breathe a most excellent spirit ; sliow 
 him to have been a man of talent, great plainness of speech, extraordinary 
 faithfulness in those trying scenes through which the members of the Re- 
 formed faith had to pass, in consequence of the fierce opposition they met 
 with from their Catholic neighbors, who were headed by the Abbe of St 
 Gall." 
 
 His last settlement in Europe was comparatively small, and he sighed for 
 a more enlarged field of usefulness. This ultimately led him to America. 
 After his arrival here, he was called to Lancaster, but a portion of Mr. 
 Schlatter's congregation were captivated by his eloquence, and wished him 
 to remain in Philadelphia. The Coetus was against him, which led him 
 and his friends to take a position, ultimately, of comparative independence. 
 He believed the motives of the members of Coetus were not altogether pure. 
 Hence he took counsel of himself — was a law to himself He died sudden- 
 ly, in the midst of his labors. The last few years of his ministry were pe- 
 culiarly characterized by zeal and earnestness. It was observed by his 
 friends that he was ripening for heaven. He hoped that he might not have 
 a long and tedious sickness, and his wish was gratified. He was engaged 
 in a practical work, (to be issued in four volumes,) of sermons, the volumes 
 to consist, respectively, of sermons calculated to arouse the careless — to com- 
 fort Christians — to set forth their present privileges and eternal reward — 
 and the last to contemplate the works of God in nature, so as to lead the 
 thoughts to heavenly contemplations. Only the first of these was publish- 
 ed, the author dying while it was going through the press. Dr. Muhlenberg 
 of the Lutheran Church officiated at his funeral, no German Reformed 
 being present. Only three children, out of thirteen, survived him. 
 
 [Steiner, Conrad, (s. of J. C. Steiner,) lie. by Ger. Coetus, 1771 ; supplied 
 Organ Ch., Jacob's Ch., Rosenthaler Ch., and Dunkel's Ch., 1771-5, Al- 
 lentown, Moortown, and Lehigh, 1775-82, d.] 
 
THE MINISTRY. 223 
 
 STEiNFriiKEK, C. D. F. U.C. 18G-i, N.B.S. 1807; Astoria 2cl, and Newtown 
 2(1, 1807— 
 
 Steins, Frederick, from Ref. Cli. in Prussia; Miss. German, 2d, N.Y.C. 1849. 
 
 Stevenson, James B. b. in Salem, N. Y. 1798, N.B.S. 1827, 1. CI. Washing- 
 ton, 1827; Miss, to Lysandcr, Sparta, and Cato, 1827-9, Florida, (Mina- 
 ville,) 1829-5-i, Wynantskill, 1854-04, died March 2d. 
 In early lite he united with the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Salera, 
 N. y., under charge of Dr. Proudfit, and while yet yOung chose the minis- 
 try. AVith a burning zeal, he was willing to labor whithersoever the Lord 
 might call him. In eighteen months, so well fitted for the work was he, 
 that he gathered and organized a fine congregation in the then newly settled 
 Onondaga County, at Lysander, and procured the erection of a fine house 
 of worship. He was noted for his fidelity, earnestness, and devotion. He 
 displayed great energy in all his enterprises. But his constitution at 
 length began to feel the effects of his excessive labors. He wore himself 
 out in his Master's service. AVhen really unable, he would yet labor and 
 preach, directing sinners to the Lamb of God. His last intelligible words 
 were, "Firm trust! clear, clear 1" His piety was sincere and deep ; his 
 judgment sound and practical. His preaching was evangelical and in- 
 structive. As a pastor, he greatly excelled ; few could resist his kind and 
 solemn appeals. 
 
 Stewart, Abel T. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1840,1. CI. N.B. 1840; Greenville, 
 1840-50, Greenville and Bronxville, 1850-2, Tarrytown 1st, 1852-00. 
 Holland 2d, (or Hope,) 1800— 
 
 Stewart, James W., Prin. of Washington Academy, Salem, 18. .-34, Jack- 
 son, 1834-0, Warwick, 1838-42. 
 
 Stillwell, Aaron L. b. at Whitehouse, 1828, R.C. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1, CI. 
 N.B. 1854; Bergen Neck, 1854-04, d. 
 
 He was never a robust man, suffering much for years from bronchial af- 
 fection. He was a quiet and lovely Christian, gentle in his manners, and 
 prudent in his measures. He was a kind of Nathaniel. His record is that 
 of the confiding, gentle Christian. His last breath was spent in preachin"- 
 the Gospel. 
 
 Stimpsox, Edward P. R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1834; Greenbush, 1834-51, Cas- 
 
 tleton, 1853-61, suspended. 
 Stimpson, Henry P. from Cong. Ch. Windham, 1830-33, w. c. 1833-50, d. 
 
 Stitt, Cns. H. R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.Y. 1848; New-Paltz, 1848- 
 
 65, Kingston 2d, 1805 — 
 St. John, . . . ., S.S. Cortlandt, 1858-05. 
 Stobbelaar, H. Alto, 1858-00, Zeeland, 1800-04, Holland, A\'is., 1804— 
 
 Stock, Philip, came to America, 1789. Yorktown, 1789-90, Chambersburgh, 
 1790—. . . . 
 
224 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Stout, Henry. R.O. 1864, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. Raritan, 1868, sailed for Ja- 
 pan, Jan. 9th, 1869. 
 
 Stout, Nelson, R.O. 1851, N.B.S. d. 1854. 
 
 [Stoy, Wm. b. in Westphalia, 1726, came to America, 1652 ; Tulpehocken, 
 Pa. 1752-5, Philadelphia, 1755-6, Lancaster, 1758-63, Lebanon, 1763- 
 72 ; became a physician, still preaching occasionally, 1773-1801, d.] 
 He was one of the six ministers who accompanied Schlatter on his return, 
 in 1752. His clandestine marriage, while in Philadelphia, gave great ofFence, 
 and obliged him to leave that field. About 1770, the Coetus refused longer 
 to recognize him as a member of that body, and dropped his name. He 
 took great interest in medicine, and in politics ; was of great patriotism, 
 hated aristocracy and monopolies, and sympathized with the laboring and 
 the poor. He combined his duties as a physician and minister, during the 
 last thirty years of his life. Amid great prejudice, he introduced inocula- 
 tion against small-pox into Berks Co., Pa. He had a considerable share of 
 natural talent, which was developed by a good education. His sympathies 
 were strongly on the side of freedom, in the Revolution. He was an ex- 
 cellent linguist. 
 
 Strong, J. Pascal, (s. of T. M. Strong,) R.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1850, 1. S. CI. 
 L.L 1850; East New-York, 1850-4, Jersey City 3d, 1854-6, Aquacka- 
 nonck, 1856 — 
 
 Strong, MAson R. (s. of T. M. Strong,) N.Y.U. 1855, N.B.S. died 1861. 
 
 Strong, Pascal N., (brother of T. M. Strong,) b. in Brookhaven, L.I. 1798, 
 
 O.C. 1810, studied under Mason, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1815 ; New-York, 
 
 1816-26, d. 
 
 He received 'calls to Harrisburgh and New-York at the same time, but 
 chose the latter. He and Dr. Knox started in life together as fellow-stu- 
 dents under the same instructor, and as colleagues in the same church, 
 though the ministry of the former was comparatively brief. About a year 
 before he died, he was attacked by disease of a pulmonary character, pro- 
 ceeding from a severe cold. He went to St. Croix to spend the winter, but 
 while there died. In a diary commenced in 1808, three years before he 
 united with the church, he says, "I will regard the enjoyment of God as 
 the supreme end of all my plans. I will consider love to God and zeal 
 for his glory as my highest duty, and study to improve daily in these di- 
 vine affections. I will for the future, unless unavoidably hindered, regu- 
 larly devote one half-hour in the morning, and a like period in the evening, 
 to religious concerns." 
 
 His disposition was amiable, his manners were courteous, his spirit was 
 resolute, and generous almost to a fault, his mind was gifted in more than 
 an ordinary degree, and his opportunities of improvement had not been 
 neglected. With a memory peculiarly tenacious, and the power of an ac- 
 curate and precise discrimination for one of his years, his attainments in 
 
THE MINISTRY. 225 
 
 classical and critical learning may without any cxaga;cration be regarded 
 as eminent. Critical research was with him a favorite employment. Ho 
 wrote with elegance and force. Uis discourses were clear, accurate, and 
 tasteful. His style was copious and adorned. Ilis voice was melodious ; 
 his enunciation, easy and natural ; his preaching, evangelical and faithful. 
 
 Strong, Robert G. (s. of Thos. M. Strong,) N.Y.U. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. 
 S. CI. L.I. 1858; assistant at Flatbush, 18G0-1. New-Baltimore, 1861— 
 
 Strong, Selah ^Y. (s. of Thos. M. Strong,) N.Y.U. 1862, N.B.S. 18G5, 1. 
 CI. N.Y. 1SG5; Rochester, 1805— 
 
 Strong, Thos. C. (s. of Thos. M. Strong,) U.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1845, 1. S. C, 
 L.I. 1845; Bloomingdale and Rosendule, 1845-9, Newtown, 1849-59, 
 Greenwich, N.Y.C. 1859-06, Ithaca, 1806— 
 
 Strong, Thos. M. (brother of P. N. Strong,) b. atCooperstown, N.Y. 1797, 
 C.C. 1816, studied under Mason and at P.S. 1819, 1. Presbyt., (Norfolk, 
 Va. 1819-21, Assoc. Ref. Chambersburgh, and Shippcnsburgh, Pa., 1S21 
 -2,) Flatbush, 1822-61, d. 
 
 lie was possessed of the most thorough and indefatigable business hab- 
 its, and was so completely at home in ecclesiastical affairs that his very 
 word was law, from which no appeal could be taken. He was a man of re- 
 markable clearpess of thought and of simplicity of expression, of intense 
 yet well-balanced mental energy and activity, of large attainments, though 
 never ostentatiously paraded ; combining in a rare symmetry and exquisite 
 "proportion, affability with dignity, and gentleness with firmness, and withal 
 a man of such pure innate modest}^, and genuine Christian humility, that 
 nothing but his actual removal from the church would give her an accur- 
 ate estimate of his real value. He possessed one trait of character of 
 especial loveliness and power. He was eminently a Christian gentleman. 
 That fruit of the spirit which the apostle calls " gentleness" was exhibited 
 by him in a remarkable degree. lie had the most sincere regard for the 
 feelings of others, and never willingly, by word or act, inflicted a wound 
 upon them. He was alwa3's mindful of the injunction, "■ He courtcous,^^ 
 and in this particular was a bright and lovclj^ exemplification of the spirit 
 of the Master. 
 
 In the poise of his moral qualities, in the rounded completeness of his 
 associated gifts and virtues, in the interblending of his personal, social, 
 and public excellence, (so that the one man was under well-nigh 
 all circumstances the same,) there has rarely appeared among us a 
 more symmetrical and perfect character than that which Divine grace 
 developed and fashioned into the legible life of Dr. Strong. Resolute, 
 without arrogance ; modest, without timidity ; positive in his convic- 
 tions, without pride of will ; persevering, without pretension ; diligent, 
 without ostentation of intentions ; firm, without obstinacy ; tenacious of 
 his moral and personal preferences, without bigotry or hypocrisy ; quick 
 in his estimate of duty, without wayward impulses ; devoted to duty, 
 15 
 
226 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 without thirst for personal exaltation ; methodical, without mechanical ser- 
 vility to circumstances; learned, without pedantry; and godly, without 
 affectation of sanctity — he seemed indeed to illustrate how natural quali- 
 ties may be toned and softened into well-nigh untarnished beauty, by the 
 power of Christ working upon them all. 
 
 He was faithful in his preparations for duty. Knowing that only beaten 
 oil should be brought into the sanctuary, he with resolute purpose and 
 tised system entered upon the performance of his public duties. He left 
 a Bible which was a complete index to a vast range of investigation over 
 which he had travelled. He was faithful in his ministrations in the sanc- 
 tuary. His style was sedate, solid, instructive. He sought no sensational 
 effects, but he discriminated and individualized the truth so as to reach the 
 conscience and win the heart. He preached memoriter. He was also a 
 faithful pastor, though much of his time was consumed in the public duties 
 of the church. He gave his best energies to the church and denomination 
 in which he ministered. He was stated clerk of the General Synod for 
 thirty-four years. 
 
 Stryker, Herman B. (s. of Peter Stryker,) N.B.S. 1822, 1. CI. N.B. 1822. 
 Miss, to Athol, Caldwell, Johnsburgh, and Warrensburgh, (Warren Co. 
 N.Y.) 1822-3, Fairfield, and Miss, at Little Falls, N.J. 1823-6, Agent of 
 Miss. Soc. 1826-7, Union Ch. in Amsterdam, 1827-33, also Miss, at 
 Johnstown in 1830, St. Johnsville, 1833-4, Glenville, 2d, 1834-7, w. c. 
 1837-61, Huguenots, S.I. 1861— 
 
 Stryker, Isaac P. born at Harlingen, Nov. 27, 1811, E.C. 1837, N.B.S. 
 
 1840, 1. CI 1840 ; voyage to Borneo, Nov. '40-March '41, Borneo, 
 
 1841-2, d. 
 
 Joining the class of '37, when Milledoler, and Cannon, and Janeway, and 
 Strong, and Ogilby, and Beck were our professors, I found for my alpha- 
 betical neighbor that true man of God, Isaac P. Stryker. It was the fall 
 of 1834, entering upon sophomore stage, and nearly all the members were 
 his juniors by several years. He had come from a line of handicraft, to 
 engage with all his heart in study for the ministry, and this one thing he 
 did. His face and demeanor, always and everywhere, bespoke a governing 
 conscientiousness that secured the respect of the wayward, the unfaltering 
 confidence and honor of all who observed him. At lecture or prayer, or 
 the duties of the Sabbath, his steadfast punctuality was their perfection. 
 
 Though his features were severely cast in dark complexion, and the 
 eyes lay far beneath a shaggy brow, his whole expression was made gentle 
 by the soul of love to God and man that shone through deed and speech. 
 Feeling assured, after years of study of his life, that such equanimity under 
 college tests was a marvel of divine grace, I asked him if in his childhood 
 he had not been particularly irascible and violent. The question surprised 
 him, but, knowing well the inquirer's love, he tearfully owned the conjec- 
 ture to be right. 
 
 After the interval of thirty-four years, this godly and diligent man's 
 
THE MINISTEY. 227 
 
 picture is vividly before nic, as a joy and a profit to remember. He was an 
 exemplary Christian among heedless lads, and the largest concession Init 
 one that he ever made to the infirmity of peccant boyhood was to witness 
 some of the milder doings with hand-covered mouth and twinkling eye. 
 
 " For when he gazed upon the festive train, 
 It was but as some melancholy star 
 Beholds the dance of shepherds on the plain. 
 In its bright stillness present, though afar." 
 
 That one other momentary and unparalleled yielding lodged him the 
 deeper in every heart, and its occurrence was thus : Morning duties were 
 over, and the class was sauntering homeward down the Campus on an 
 exhilarating tune in early May, when it occurred to a merry son of a clergy- 
 man to spring upon the back of dear old Isaac for a ride I Who, of all 
 present, was most astounded it were difiicult to say — the whole thing was 
 electric — but another moment showed that the gravest blood had felt the 
 genial fires of spring. If we could trust our own eyes, the young rider 
 had been cunningly dismounted, and was swiftly pursuing a figure no one 
 would have dared atfinn to, until the drollery culminated in the merry 
 madcap's halting, with an index-finger shout, " The wicked flee, when no 
 man pursueth." 
 
 Had you space, I would gladly say more of this confessedly exceptional 
 man. There was no indolence in Stryker. "When not using his working 
 hours in study or Bible-reading, or prayer, or sacred music, of which he 
 was practically fond at home, he was at exercise or good works. All that 
 a diligent employment of the powers God has bestowed would effect, 
 Stryker meant to do and be ; and, w^herever a prayerful life of labor could 
 be fruitful of good to others, he was sure of usefulness. 
 
 When I last saw him in life, he was moving seaward from a Boston 
 wharf, on his errand of good news to the pagan, signalling back his love 
 so long as a kerchief could be seen. It has been my privilege, since, to 
 care lovingly for his Indian grave, with many a tender memory of one ot 
 the most guileless of men. 
 
 Ilis death was a sad surprise. At the end of his year in Java he was 
 in health, and rejoicing in the proffer of a free passage to Singapore 
 under the American flag of a merchantman. Embarking in good spirits, 
 he looked reasonably forward to engagement in the field of allotment, but 
 an attack of fever during the short passage was so swiftly fatal that, on the 
 vessel's arrival, his former friend at New-Brunswick, B. P. Keasberry, 
 found the signet of death on that pure man's brow. 
 
 Stryker lies in a pleasant morning-side cemetery at Singapore, " with 
 his feet to the foe," and the resting-place marked by the beautiful obelisk- 
 gift of a few of " the Class of '37." 
 
 The church of Harlingen may well enshrine his name in honor, with 
 that of his much-loved Father Labagh. — W. II. S. 
 
 Stryker, Peter, b. 1761 in N.Y.C., studied under Livingston, lie. by the 
 Synod of R.D. Chs. 1788, N. and S. Hampton, Sept. 15th, 1788-Aug. 
 
228 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 19th, '90, Staten Island, 1790-4, Belleville, 1794-1809, also S.S.at Stone 
 
 House Plains, 1801-9, (Amboy, Presbyt.) 1809-10, Belleville and Stone 
 
 House Plains, 1810-12, Miss, to Berne, 1828-9, d. 1847. 
 
 For many years he was the oldest minister in the Reformed Dutch 
 
 Church in America. His ancestors were of Holland extraction, and it was 
 
 his delight to talk and preach in the Dutch language. This he did, not 
 
 only with fluency, but also with great purity for one born in this country. 
 
 He always spelled his name Strijker, and frequently called attention to the 
 
 fact that this was a common Dutch word signifying a stroker, applied 
 
 originally, no doubt, to one dexterous in striking oflF measures of grain. 
 
 His parents were pious people, and, influenced by their example, prayers, 
 and precepts, he early became a disciple of Christ. 
 
 During the American Revolution, when he was a lad, his family left the 
 ■city of New-York, and sojourned for a few years at Millstone, N.J. Having 
 been well instructed, as there was a scarcity of teachers, he was induced, 
 at the early age of seventeen, to take charge of the common school in that 
 district. His letters, written at this period, and addressed to his relatives, 
 are full of pious expressions, evincing great love for God, and a desire for 
 the salvation of souls. Subsequently he completed his clerical studies at 
 the Hackensack Academy, under the supervision of that eminent Christian 
 scholar, Dr. Peter Wilson, an uncle of his by marriage. 
 
 In 1812, very much debilitated by bodily infirmity, he was compelled 
 to resign the pastoral oflSce. He did not again resume it. But having 
 recovered his health in a measure, he preached as stated or occasional 
 supply at St. Johnsville, Stone House Plains, Canastota, and in other 
 places, with great acceptance. He was not idle, even when the sere leaves 
 were falling. He loved to preach, and continued to do so down to a good 
 old age. 
 
 His wife, Elizabeth Barculo, was a beautiful woman. It is said, in early 
 life, she had three suitors, one a doctor, one a lawyer, the third a minister. 
 Her father, when consulted as to the choice she should make, said, " My 
 daughter, these are all promising young men, and either would probably 
 make you a good husband, but my advice is, that you marry the minister." 
 This coincided with her own feelings, and, turning from wealth and position, 
 she cast in her lot with the poor clergyman, and a most suitable com- 
 panion did she prove to him. 
 
 There are many who well remember this venerable patriarch. His hair, 
 white as snow, hung in silken locks upon his bending shoulders. His 
 eye sparkled with life even to the last. His step was elastic, his voice 
 musical. The very touch of his hand was inspiring. He was remarkably 
 social, and, with his inexhaustible fund of anecdote, was the hfe of every 
 company in which he moved. 
 
 His usual mode of preaching was from a full analysis. This he com- 
 mitted to memory. Before speaking he spent some time in meditating 
 upon his subject, and then committing himself to the Lord with holy con- 
 fidence, he carried the divine message to the people. He never used a 
 
THE MINISTRY. 229 
 
 manuscript in tho pulpit. It was common for him, in his old age, to say, 
 " Ministers nowailays read very well, but they do not preach." 
 
 A friend in the Methodist ministry, himself now quite advanced in life, 
 said recently to the writer of this sketch, "I well remember your grand- 
 father in his palmy days. lie was a powerful preacher. In my judg- 
 ment, very few men could excel him in fine thought and eloquent ex- 
 pression. His preaching was plain, practical, pungent. lie was a real 
 orator." 
 
 lie was also a good man, humbly relying upon the Lord Jesus Christ 
 for his salvation. In his old age, he once said to a near relative, " I feel I 
 am a sinner, but one saved by grace. For the last four years I have not 
 been troubled with a doubt of my acceptance with God through Christ, 
 my Saviour." "When approaching his end, he exclaimed, in Christian 
 
 triumph : 
 
 " O glorious hour ! blest abode ! 
 I shall be near and like my Gk)d, 
 And sin and sense no more control 
 The inward pleasures of the soul." P. S. 
 
 Stryker, Peter, (s. of H. B. Stryker,) R.C. 1845, KB.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 
 1848 ; Raritan 3d, 1848-51, Rhinebeck, 1851-56, Broome St. after ISGO, 
 Thirty-fourth St. N.Y.C. 185G-G8, (Philadelphia, Presbyt.) 18G8— 
 
 Studdiford, Peter, b. 17G3 in N.Y.C, C.C. 1786, studied under Livingston, 
 1. by the Christian Synod of R. D. Churches, 1787 ; Readington and 
 Bedminster, 1787-1800, Readington, 1800-26, d. Also appointed Prof, 
 of Hebrew, in 1812. 
 
 Possessing large views of divine truth, and a rich store of various 
 knowledge, he was ready, instructive, and forcible in his preaching. He 
 loved his work, and shrank not from effort in its performance. He was a 
 faithful and affectionate pastor, a patriotic citizen, and a humble, devout, 
 and liberal-minded Christian. He excelled as an extemporaneous preacher, 
 transcending himself, when suddenly called on to take the place of some 
 absentee. These efforts had all of the finish, and more than the force, of 
 an elaborate preparation. 
 
 Studdiford, Peter A. (s. of Rev. P. 0. Studdiford,) C.N.J. 1849, P.S. 1855, 
 (MUford, N.J. 1855-9,) Belleville, 1859-66.— Pm&y«. 
 
 Sturges, Smith, "Whitehouse, 1858-63. 
 
 Suckow, C.F.C. student in N.B.S. 1870. 
 
 [Suther, Samuel, b. in Switzerland, 1722, ordained in Philadelphia, 1768 ? 
 
 Mecklenburg Co. N.C. 1768-71, Guilford, N.C. 1771-84, Mecklenburg, 
 
 1782-G, Orangeburg, S.C. 1786-8, d.] 
 
 His father started to America with his family in 1738, but all exc2pt 
 Samuel perished on the way. His father and two sisters died on the shores 
 of England, where the ship had put in for repairs from a gale. On the 
 passage over they encountered thirteen severe storms, during four months. 
 
230 ' THE MINISTRY. 
 
 andat length, on the coast of Virginia, the last storm proved fatal to most of 
 the parties on board. Tw-o hundred and twenty perished. Samuel was 
 brought to the shore almost lifeless. He organized most, if not all, of 
 the German Churches in Guilford and Orange Cos., N.O.] 
 
 SuTPHEN, David S. R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1807, 1. CI. Raritan, 1867; New 
 Utrecht, 1807— 
 
 SuYDAM, J. Howard, R.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857,1. S. CI. L.I. 1857; Fishkill 
 Landing, 1857-62, Philadelphia 1st, 1862-8, Jersey City 3d, 1868— 
 
 Swain, Geo. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1866, 1. S. CI. L.L 1866; Middlebush, 
 1866-8, Freehold 1st, 1868— 
 
 Swartz, , student in N.B.S. d. 1830. 
 
 Swartwout, John, student in N.B.S. d. 1815. 
 
 SwicK, Minor, R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Geneva, 1861 ; Stuyvesant 
 
 Falls, 1861-4, Wawarsing, 1864— 
 
 SwiTZ, Ab. J. U.C. 1817, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820 ; Miss, in Classis 
 of Montgomery, 1821, to Westerlo and Oakhill, 1822, to Athol, Johns- 
 burgh, Caldwell, and Warren, 1822 ; Schaghticoke and Tyashoke, 
 1823-9, Wawarsing, 1829-85, Glenville 2d, 1837-42, w. c. 
 
 Talmage, Goyn, R.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. N.B. 1845 ; Rockaway, 
 1845-51, Niskayuna, 1851-5, Green Point, 1855-62, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. 
 Missions, 1862-7, Rhinebeck, 1807— 
 
 Talmage, Jas. R. C.N.J...., N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. N.B. 1829; Miss, to 
 Pottsville, Pa, 1829-31, Jersey City, 1831-3, Pompton Plains, 1833-0, 
 Blawenburgh, 1837-49, Athens, 1849-50, Brooklyn, Middle, 1850-2, 
 Greenbush, 1852-60, Chittenango, 1860— 
 
 Talmage, John V. N. R.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1845 ; 
 S.S. Central Ch. Brooklyn, 1845-0, at. Middle Ch. Brooklyn, 1840, voy- 
 age to China, Apr. -Aug. 1847, Amoy, 1847-9, voyage to America, Mar. 
 -Aug. 1849, in America, 1849-50, voyage to China, March-July, 1850, 
 Amoy, 1850-02, voyage to America, April-Aug. 1802, in America, 
 1802-5, voyage to China, Apr. -June, 1865, Amoy, 1805 — 
 
 Talmage, Peter Stryker, (s. of Rev. Jehiel Talmage,) J.C. 1845, P.S. 
 1848, 1. Presbyt. 1848 ; (Malta, 1848-54,) Stone House Plains, 1854-65, 
 also S.S. Frankhn, 1855-9, Philadelphia, Bethune Ch. 1868- 
 
 Talmage, Thos. A. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, d. 1861. 
 
 Talmage, T. De Witt, N.Y.U. 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.B. 1856 ; Belle- 
 ville, 1856-9, Syracuse, 1859-62, Philadelphia 2d, 1862-9, (Brooklyn 
 Presbyt.) 1869— 
 
 Tarbell, John G. N.B.S. 1825, 1. CI. N.B. 1825; Miss, to Montville, 
 1826, to Berne, 1826, Stone House Plains, 1827-8, Sand Beach, 1830-2, 
 Caroline, 1834-40, w. c. 
 
TUE MINISTRY. ' 231 
 
 Tasschcmacher, Pctrns, University of Utrecht, Kinpjston, 1070-7, Dutch 
 Guiana, S.A. 1077-8, New-Amstel, 1079-80, suppUed Staten Island occa- 
 sionally, 1082-3, Sclicncctad}', 108-1-90, d. 
 
 He was a native of Holland. lie had been supplying Kingston for some 
 time in 1070, when the people petitioned to have him regularly appointed. 
 lie was slain in the Indian massacre of Schenectady, Feb. 8th, 1090. The 
 French were seeking to gain control of the Indian trade, and had carefully 
 planned the capture of Albany and New- York from the English, the year 
 before. The plan was not wholly carried out, but a i)arty of French and 
 Indians left Montreal, and, proceeding by the way of Lake Champlain, in- 
 tended attacking Albany. But the Indian chiefs not consenting, they 
 turned off toward Schenectady. They gave orders that Tasschemachcr's 
 life should be saved, on account of the information they could obtain from 
 him. But his house was not known, and before he could be personally 
 recognized, he was slain, and his house and papers burned. His head was 
 cloven open, and his body burned to the shoulder blades. This took place 
 on a Saturday night at midnight. Sixty persons lost their lives. 
 
 T.SYLOU, Andrew B. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, I. CI. Philadelphia, 1842 ; 
 supplied Allegan, 18-42-3, supplied Grand Rapids, 1843-8, Macon and 
 Ridgeway, 1848-52, (also supphed Congreg. Ch. at Raisin,) Irvington, 
 1852-5, English Neighborhood, 1855 — 
 
 Taylor, Benj, C. (son-in-law of Rev. J. V. C. Romeyn,) C.N.J. 1819, 
 N.B.S. 1822, I. CI. N.B. 1822; Greenbush and Blooming Grove, 1822-5, 
 Aquackononck, 1825-8, Bergen, 1828— 
 
 (Taylor, H. S.S. Ghittenango, 1829-30.) 
 
 Taylor, "Wesley, R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Paramus, 1850 ; Samson- 
 ville, 1851-2, North-Esopus, and Kleyn Esopus, 1853-4, 1858, susp. 
 
 Taylor, Wm. J. R. (s. of Benj. C. Taylor,) R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. 
 Bergen, 1844; New-Durham, 1841-0, Van Yorst 1st, (Jersey City 2d.) 
 1840-9, Schenectady, 1849-52, Jersey City 3d, 1852-4, Philadelphia 
 3d, 1854-62, Cor. Sec. Am. Bible Soc. 1802— 
 
 Teller, Jas. II., from Presbyt. of Washington ; Miss, in Ludlow and Or- 
 chard Sts. N.Y.C. 1820-9, d. 1830. 
 
 [Templeman, Conrad, b. 1087, unlicensed; in Lancaster Co. 1727-00, or- 
 dained by direction of the Holland Synod, 1752, d. 1701. 
 He was urged by the people to teach and preach to them, since they 
 were destitute of any minister. When Schlatter arrived, as an agent of 
 Classis, he offered to resign to a regular minister, if one were sent. lie 
 was blind for the last few years of his life, yet continued to preach. The 
 records of his church .show him to have been an eminently pious man, and 
 faithful minister. 
 
 Ten Eyck, Conrad, studied under D. Romeyn ; Amsterdam, Fonda's Bush, 
 (New-Harlem,) and Mayfield, 1799-1803, Yeddersburg, New-Uarlem, and 
 
232 " THE MINISTET. 
 
 Mayfield, 1803-4, New-Harlem and Mayfield, 1804-12, Aurelius, Owasco 
 and Owasco Outlet, (or Sand Beach,) 1812-27, w. c. 1827-183. . 
 
 Ten Etck, Jas. B. U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; Berea, 
 
 1823— 
 Ten Etck, Wm. H. N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 1848 ; Hyde Park, 1848-53, 
 
 Astoria, 1853 — 
 Terhune, Edward P. R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1854, (in Virginia Presbyt.) 
 
 1854-9, Newark 1st 1859— 
 Te Winkle, J. W. H.C. 1866, student of Theology at Holland, Mich., 
 
 1869. 
 [Theus, , from Switzerland, ordained by the Presbyts. 1739. Conga- 
 
 ree, S.C. etc. 1739-75, and perhaps longer.] 
 
 Thompson, Ab. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1861 ; Miss, at 
 Pella, 1862-8, Pella, 1868— 
 
 Thompson, Alex. R. II.N.Y. 1842, P.S. 1845, 1. 2d Presbyt. N.Y. 1845 ; 
 asst. to Dr. Broadhead, Central Ch. Brooklyn, 1845, (asst. to Dr. Thos. 
 Macauley in Astor Place Presbyt. Ch. N.Y. 1845, Morristown, N.J. Pres- 
 byt. 1846-7,) Miss, at Bedford, Brooklyn, 1847-8, Tompkinsville,1848-51, 
 Stapleton, 1851-9, (supplied South Cong. Ch. Bridgeport, Ct. 1859-62,) 
 N.Y.C. 21st St. 1862— 
 
 Thompson, D. R. Fort Miller, 1833. 
 
 Thompson, Fred. B. b. 1810, R.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. N.B. 1834; 
 Upper Red Hook, 1834-6, voyage to Singapore, May-Sept. 1838, Ka- 
 
 rangan, Borneo, 1842-7, voyage to Europe, 1 848, d. 1849. 
 
 Ill health compelled him to visit Singapore in 1847, but while there he 
 was taken with hemorrhage of the lungs, which forbade further labors. He 
 then took his motherless little daughter, Emma, to Switzerland, to place 
 her with her relatives there. After the loss of his first wife, (Nov. 1839,) 
 he married a Miss Combe, (Dec. 1840,) a Swiss teacher, in the East, who 
 also after a few years died, (Dec. 1844.) His own health was much enfeebled 
 when he arrived in Switzerland. He resolved to spend the winter of 1848- 
 9 with his mother-in-law, at her home. He faithfully followed the advice 
 of his physicians and was benefited ; but, attending a communion service 
 on Christmas day, he caught more cold, (as the churches in Switzerland are 
 not warmed,) which increased his suffering. He felt that his end was draw- 
 ing near. In his delirium the cause of missions w^as ever uppermost in his 
 mind. With submission, patience, and in holy meditation he passed the 
 early months of the year, and died on April 3d, 1849. An interesting letter 
 of his condition and exercises during his winter at Berne, written by his 
 mother-in-law, may be seen in Tlie Christian Intelligencer, l^&j Bl&t, 1849. 
 
 Thompson, Henry P. R.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1857 ; 
 Peapack, 1857 — 
 
THE in^nsTRT. 233 
 
 THOJrpsox, John B. R.C. 1851, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. Philadclrhia,1858 ; Resi- 
 dent Licentiate at New-Brunswick, 1858-9, Metuchcn, 1859-CG, Tarry- 
 town, 18tiO — 
 
 Thompson, Wm. J. b. at Readington, X.J. 1812, R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1841, 
 1. CI. N.B. 1841; Ponds and Wyckoff, 1842-5, Rector of Grammar 
 Scbool, at N.B. 1845-03, Prin. of Classical Institute, Soraerville, 1865-7, d. 
 "When four years of age he suffered from paralj'sis which left his right 
 arm and side to a great degree helpless ever after. Owing to this physical 
 infirmity, he was stimulated to improve to the utmost the limited advanta- 
 ges of education which were afforded him. At sixteen years of age he be- 
 gan to exercise the vocation of a teacher, in the public school of the neigh- 
 borhood whore his parents resided. Soon, however, he formed the resolu- 
 tion to prepare himself for a higher sphere of usefulness, and, as soon as 
 the necessary funds could be obtained, began his preparation for college 
 under the direction of that excellent classical teacher, John Walsh, then 
 located at Somerville, N. J. Three months before graduating he was invit- 
 ed to succeed his former teacher, in the charge of the classical school at 
 Somerville, which, with the assurance of the faculty of the college that he 
 should graduate with his class, he accepted. Here, as also at Millstone, 
 where he afterwards taught, he gained an enviable reputation for thorough- 
 ness as a scholar and teacher, and formed friendships which were con- 
 tinued to the end of life. 
 
 "While at Millstone, in 1837, he became a subject of divine grace, and 
 immediately after began his preparations for the gospel ministrj'. As a 
 preacher, he was characterized as having clear conceptions of truth, logical 
 accuracy of statement, and vigorous thought, expressed in no commonplace 
 words or phrases ; but he was almost entirely destitute of imagination, or 
 of the graces of oratory. He labored but a little more than three years as 
 a pastor, when he was called to the charge of the Grammar School, at New- 
 Brunswick. Here, as an instructor and trainer of youth, the great work of 
 his life was performed. 
 
 His great success as a teacher arose from his own clear conceptions of 
 what he taught, and from his unalterable determination that his pupils 
 should not only comprehend, but, by incessant drilling, become familiar 
 with that which was the subject of their study. x\s an instructor he at- 
 tained large success, and still lives in the efficient work of many who de- 
 light to attribute their success in life to the early training and mental dis- 
 cipline which they received when under his instruction. 
 
 Thompson, William, b. 1813, R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.B. 1844 ; Stone 
 
 House Plains, 1845-6, d. 
 
 "With self-denial and perseverance, he had prepared himself for the 
 ministry, and entered upon his work with high anticipations and flatter- 
 ing pros2)ects. Deep sincerity and earnestness characterized his labors. 
 Prompt in the performance of every pastoral duty, careful in his prepara- 
 tions, and ardent in his devotional feelings, he was well qualified to do the 
 
234 THE MINISTRT. 
 
 work of an evangelist. But the Master called him before he had hardly- 
 entered on his labors. 
 
 Timlow, Heman R. C.N.J. 1852; from Presbyt. Londonderry, Mass. 
 Rhinebeck, 1860-6, Brighton, S.I. 1866-8, w. c. 
 
 [Toberwiller, , South-Carolina and Georgia, 1737-8.] 
 
 Todd, Aug. F. R.O. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.B. 1858; Athens, Pa., 
 1858-65, Piermont, 1865— 
 
 Todd, John Adams, R.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 1848; Griggstown, 
 1848-55, Tarrytown 2d, 1855— 
 
 Toll, John C. U.C. 1799, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. Albanj-, 1801; 
 Canajoharie, Middletown, Mapletown, Westerlo, (and Bowman's Kill?) 
 1803-15, MiddletownandTVesterlo, 1815-22, suspended, seceded, [Wes- 
 terlo and Middletown, Sec. 1822-5, these united churches were then call- 
 ed Canajoharie,] 1825-42, d. 1848. 
 
 Tomb, T. S. L. Wynantskill, 1865— 
 
 [Torsihius, P. H. In Lehigh Co. Pa. 1740. Possibly the same as G. H. 
 Dorstius.] 
 
 [Troldeiner, George, b. in Upper Saxony, 1754, studied at Bremen, came to 
 America, 1786, York, Pa. 1786-91, supplied Gettysburgh, 1790-1, Balti- 
 more, 1791-1800, d] 
 
 Turner, Jas. 1863. 
 
 Turner, Wm. E. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. N.B. 1841 ; Arcadia, 1841- 
 8, Roxbury, 1850-62, Arcadia, 1862-6, w. c. Grahamville and S.S. at 
 Upper Neversink, 1867 — 
 
 UiTERWYK, Henky, R.C 1862, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Holland, 1866 ; Holland 
 
 Ch. N.Y.C. 1866-8.... 
 [Ursinus, Zechariab, b. July 18th, 1534.] 
 
 He and Olevianus, (the authors of the Heidelberg Catechism,) belonged to 
 the second generation of Reformers, and when the earlier conflicts of the Re- 
 formation began to assume a more steady character — when less of the destruc- 
 tive, and more of the formative, was needed to carry on the great work. Ur- 
 sinus' fiither was a deacon or assistant preacher in the Magdalen Church in 
 Breslau. The family name was Bear, which was latinized to Ursinus. Pos- 
 sessed of a strong constitution, superior talents, an ardent desire for know- 
 ledge, he eagerly availed himself of every opportunity. He was very fond of 
 mathematics and philosophjr. At the age of sixteen, he entered the University 
 of "Wittenberg, and became the pupil of Melancthon, continuing there seven 
 years. The high estimation in which he was held is evident from the fact 
 that Breslau, his native town, furnished him with funds to travel and visit 
 the principal universities of Europe — Heidelberg, Strasburg, Basil, Zurich, 
 Lausanne, Geneva, and Paris. He thus became acquainted with the chief 
 leaders of the Reformation. In 1558 he was called to the chair of theology 
 
THE MIXISTRY. 235 
 
 in the Gymnasium at Brcslau, and for a time gave great satisfaction. But 
 soon lie was suspected of entertiiinin^ Oalviiiislic views of tlie Lord's Sup- 
 per, lie was using at the time the text-book of Melancthon on that sub- 
 ject. Ursinus now published a book on the subject which Melancthon cor- 
 dially indorsed. But the latter was also suspected. The clergy therefore 
 turned against Ursinus, though he was far more profoundly versed in the 
 subject than they, and should have been moulded by him. lie returned 
 from the contention, excited, to Zurich, 1560. Here he found acquaintan- 
 ces, whom he had before made, with whom he entered into warmest friend- 
 ship, and upon the recommendation of Peter Martyr, he was appointed by 
 the pious Frederick III. Professor of Philosophy and Theology. 
 
 He preached for half a dozen years also in Heidelberg, but then devoted 
 hioiself exclusively to teaching. He wished to live, as he declared, for the 
 sole service of his Saviour. His Christian life was a cheerful confidence of 
 unconditional dependence on God, and a real gratitude for the experience of 
 his grace. His pupils loved him. The high Lutheran zeal, which animated 
 that portion of the church, sent the church of the Palatinate, where Ursi- 
 nus now lived, the more rapidly into the bosom of the Reformed faith. 
 The ilelancthonian type here prevailed. Frederick III. felt that he must 
 have a symbol of faith which should avoid the extremes of the opposite 
 schools, and embody the excellences of both. The work was committed to 
 Ursinus and Olevianus. The Heidelbsrg Catechism is called the flower and 
 fruit of the German Reformation. It is sjnritual, clear, simple, and decid- 
 ed, unlike any other, yet not dogmatic. He was at this time but twenty- 
 eight years of age. 
 
 In 1576, with the death of Prince Frederick, his son Louis being a strict 
 Lutheran, Ursinus was compelled to leave Heidelberg. But he was soon 
 called by the second son of Frederick, namely John Casimer, to the newly 
 established reformed theological school in Neustadt, -which speedily flour- 
 ished under his care, (1578.) He died March 6, 1583. His works were pub- 
 lished in three volumes. — See HarhaugKs Lives, Von AljJoi's Hist, of ITeid. 
 Cat. transl. by Berg, and the Tercenteiiary Edition of Catechism. 
 
 [Talk , In Georgia, 1739.] 
 
 Van Aken, Exoch, R.C. 1830, N.B.S. and P.S. 1833; 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1833 ; 
 Kinderhook, 1834-5, Bloomingdale, 1835— 
 
 Van Aken, Gulick, N.Y.U. 1861, U.S. 1864, Southwark, 1st Presbyt. (Phil- 
 adelphia,) 1864-7, Freehold 2d 1867— 
 
 Van Amburgh, Robt. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Poughkeepsic, 1840 ; 
 Lebanon, 1840-8, (Fordham, 1848-53, Presbyt.) Lebanon, 1853— 
 
 Van Arsdale, Cor. C. R.C. 1828, N.B.S. 1831 ; supplied South Ch. 
 Brooklyn, 1840-1, Philadelphia 1st, 1841-9, Greenwich, N.Y.C. 1852-4, 
 d. 1856. 
 
 Van Arsdale, Jacob R. R.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833 ; Berne 
 2d 1834-5, Mt. Pleasant, (Stanton,) 1835-50, Tyre, 1850-64, w. c— 
 
236 TBTE mNISTRT. 
 
 Vah ArsDale, Nathaniel H. R.C. 18G4, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. N.B. 18G7; 
 Clove, 1867— 
 
 Van Arsdale, Simeon, b. 1754, studied under Livingston? lie. by General 
 Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1782, North Branch, (Readington.) 1783- 
 6, d. 
 
 Few pastors of his day were held in equal esteem. He possessed great 
 power as a preacher, and was untiring in all pastoral service. Of ardent 
 piety, he was also a polished preacher. He received a call from the church 
 in New-York, but declined. He was cut oflF before his ministry had hardly 
 begun. 
 
 Van Basten, doubtful if ever settled. Jamaica, Success, Oyster 
 
 Bay, Newtown, 1739-40, {See Ril-er's Annals of Hewtoim, 238.) 
 
 Van Benschoten, Wm. B. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. N.B. 1864; 
 Wyckoff, 1865— 
 
 Van Beuren, B. 1856-61. 
 
 Van Beuren, Peter, U.C 1802, studied under Livingston, lie. 1804; Char- 
 lestown 1st, 1805-1814, Union Village and Schodack, 1814-20, sus- 
 pended. 
 
 Van Bosen, .... (possibly the same as Vandenbosch,) Kingston, (1691-8.) 
 Maff. R.B.C. i. 190. 
 
 Van Brunt, Rutgers, b. N.Y.C. 1820, Hob. C. 1840, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 
 
 1848 ; Albany 3d, 1848-9, supplied Newark 2d, 1849, (Smithtown and 
 
 Carmel, Presbyt.) 1851-7, Waterford, and S.S. Schagticoke, 1857-61, d. 
 
 Ap. 28tb, 1863. 
 
 Descended from an ancient line of Holland ancestors, who were among 
 the first to open a home in the wilderness, he ever felt a strong attachment 
 to the church of his fathers. He early developed great aptitude for mental 
 acquisition, and received every advantage of culture. Though naturally 
 diflSdent and retiring, he distinguished himself while a student in the fields 
 of language and composition, and carried off the palm of certain jjrize essays. 
 The responsibilities and labors of his first charge were too great for his 
 health. In Newark, his labors were followed by a blessed revival. He was 
 a man of powerful intellect, with keen logical power and dialectic discrimi- 
 nation. He was a careful and accurate interpreter of the Scriptures. He 
 loved the close investigation of study more than the flourish of oratory or 
 imagination. He was calm and argumentative in his sermons, not invoking 
 the ornaments of rhetoric. He had no great volume of voice, nor passion- 
 ate enunciation, and hence his sermons did not receive the credit which 
 they merited. He was one of the most godly and devout of men. His 
 faith was simple as a child's and strong as a martyr's. He did his duty 
 faithfully, leaving the issue to the Lord. The estimation in which he was 
 held was of the most flattering kind ; it pervaded many denominations and 
 
THE MINISTRY. 237 
 
 many hearts. His trust in God his Saviour conquered all difficulties and 
 triumphed over death itself. 
 
 Van Bunschooten, Elias, b. at New-Hackensack, Oct, 26th, 1Y38, C.N.J. 
 1708, studied theology under Mover, 1. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and 
 Elders, 1773; Schagticoke, 1773-85, Minisink, Mahakeinack, and Wal- 
 peck, 1785-7, Clove, N.J. Minisink, Walpcck, West-town and Mahake- 
 mack, 1787-99, Clove and Mahakeinack, 1799-1812, d. 1815, Jan. 10th. 
 (In M.G.S. i. 473, he is said to have taken charge of Clove and AVest- 
 town, alone, in 1797, but probably an error.) 
 
 He was the son of a farmer, Teunis Van Bunschooten, of Dutchess Co., 
 N. Y. The famil}^ consisted of five brothers and three sisters. None of 
 the brothers were married, but the sisters married and furnished many 
 heirs to the family. The estate was twenty years in course of settlement, 
 and amounted to $60,000. The most of Elias' life was spent in the beau- 
 tiful Kittatinny valley, which extends from the Delaware to the Hudson. He 
 was installed in his charges here by his friend, Domine Hardenbcrgli, of 
 Raritan. His parochial charge extended to the magnificent length of fifty 
 miles, through which the settlers' axes had forced a few rough horse-tracks. 
 There is a local tradition that a certain deacon who collected his pittance of 
 salary at Minisink, defaulting in payment, mortgaged his fiirm to the Domine 
 as security. After he ceased ministering there, the mortgage was fore- 
 closed, and t1ie flace icas given to the cJmrch as a parsonage / The church 
 of Clove was organized in the bounds of his charges in 1787. lie re- 
 moved to that place in 1792. lie here enjoyed a precious revival in 1803, 
 in which forty-two were added to the church. But after his death, that 
 church was neglected by its own denomination, and in 1818 became Pres- 
 byterian, and is now divided into three churches. Mr, V, B. selected an 
 admirable farm at the Clove — a glen of great beauty, with bold and forest- 
 clad hills, and rushing mountain streams. Here he built a mill and a com- 
 modious residence, and increased in wealth, so that he left a farm of seven 
 hundred acres, and other property, to a favorite nephew, besides his bene- 
 factions to the church. His personal character had a strong tinge of eccen- 
 tricity. His frugality sometimes displayed itself in the most whimsical 
 forms. He was temperate in his habits, taciturn and grave, and yet com- 
 nninicative to his friends. The country in which he' lived was still wild 
 and unconquered, and the inhabitants were like the land. There was every 
 thing to discourage the minister of Christ. Yet he labored on, and his 
 happy influence there is felt to this day. He preached extemporaneously, 
 either in Dutch or English. He was clear and distinct in argument, and 
 scriptural in matter, and spoke mildly, yet with an earnest and holy unc- 
 tion. 
 
 But he will be always remembered as the first large benefactor of the 
 church. He and Dr. Livingston had been born not far from each other, 
 had entered the ministry nearly at the same time, and had always been 
 warm friends. "When Dr. L. was about to leave the city, and take up his 
 
238 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 residence at New-Brunswick, at great personal sacrifice, he wrote to his old 
 friend a frank letter suggesting the propriety of his dedicating a portion of 
 his large estate to the cause of education. After several interviews, the 
 matter was decided. He gave $14,640 during his life, and increased it to 
 $17,000 by his will, to educate "pious young men, who hope they have a 
 call of God to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ." It was entrustedjo the 
 care of the trustees of Queens (now Rutgers) College. By accumulation, 
 the fund was allowed to reach the sum of $20,000. One hundred and 
 twenty -five have been educated for the ministry through his liberality, some 
 of whom have gone to heathen shores. He made himself a perpetual power 
 for good in the church and in the world. Being dead, he yet speaketh. See 
 an admirable sketch of his life, in The New-Brunsicich Eeview, 1855, from 
 the pen of Rev. A. W. McClure. 
 
 Van Buren, John M. U.C. 1835, Aub. S. 1839, 1. Presbyt. Columbia, 
 1839 ; (Mt. Morris, 1839, Cohoes, 1839-41,) Fultonville, 1813-52, New- 
 Lotts, 1852— 
 
 Van Buren, P. H. (s. of J. M. Van Buren,) b. at Fultonville, 1846, U.N.Y. 
 
 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1867; called to Freehold, but prevented 
 
 from settling by sickness, d. 1868. 
 
 His religious character was one of firm conviction and steadfast principle. 
 From early youth he had been deeply impressed with the subject of reli- 
 gion. He made a profession at eighteen. His mind turned to the ministry 
 as his conscientious duty. 
 
 His mental powers had an early and rapid development ; he was a care- 
 ful student, with w'ell-balanced mind, and acquired knowledge with facility. 
 
 His attainments and his devotion to the work upon which he had enter- 
 ed, promised great usefulness. He left, as the result of his preparations for 
 the pulpit, twenty-five sermons, fully prepared, many of which he had 
 preached in different churches with much acceptance. 
 
 His end was peace. AYonderfuUy was he sustained through a long sick- 
 ness, with a constant sense of the divine mercy and goodness. All appear- 
 ed right, and was regarded as being under the directing agency of his Hea- 
 venly Father. 
 
 Van Buskirk, Peter V. R.C. 1866, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Van Cleef, Cornelius, D.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1826 ; 
 Miss, at Palatine, 1826, Miss, at Manayunk, 1827-8, Athens, 1828-33, 
 New-Hackensack, 1833-66, w. c. — 
 
 Van Cleef, Paul D. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846; Cox- 
 sackie, 2d, 1846-9, Van Vorst 1st, (Jersey City 2d,) 1849— 
 
 Vandewall, Giles, studied in Holland, came to America about 1852, N.B.S. 
 1856, 1. CI. N.Y. 1856 ; East-Millstone, 1856-8, Miss, in the West, and 
 teacher in Holland Academy, 1858-61, now in South-Africa. 
 
 Vandewater, Albertus, C.N.J. 1846, P.S. 1849, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1849; 
 
THE MINISTRY. 239 
 
 (Athens, Pa. Prcsbyt.) 1849-52, Spottswood, 1854-07, North-Blenheim 
 
 and lii-cakabin, 18G7-0, AVolcott, 1800— 
 
 Vander Bosch, Laurentius, (same as Van Boscn ?) Statcn Island, 10. .-87, 
 Kingston, 1(387-89, suspended bj' Solans, and others. Went to Mary- 
 land. 
 
 Yanderlindc, Benj. b. at Pollifl}', N.J. 1719, 1. by Coetus, 1748; Paramus 
 
 and Ponds, 1748-89, also at Saddle River, 1784-9, d. 
 
 He was an American by birth, and was the first who appeared before the 
 Coetus for examination in this country. lie had written to the Classis of 
 Amsterdam, and their reply is dated Oct. 3d, 174(5, in which they permit 
 him to be examined by the ministers, in Coetus assembled, in the name of 
 the Classis. Mr. V. was a native of Pollifly, a neighborhood near Ilacken- 
 sack. The family had already lived there a half a century before his birth. 
 He made request, in Sept. 1747, of the Coetus, to be examined the next 
 spring. .The request and the answer both seem to manifest the deep anxie- 
 ty felt, and the almost doubtful propriety of such a revolutionary step, as 
 the Dutch examining a student in America, and not sending him to Hol- 
 land. Vale, f atria, was the language of the opponents. For such an inno- 
 vation would surely produce defection from the church in Holland. Nevei*- 
 theless, he was examined, and his call to Paramus, (still preserved in their 
 record?,) was approved, Sept. 27th, 1748. It is printed in the Manual and 
 Eecord of the Church of Paramus, 1859. This call has some special inte- 
 ■rest, in being the first call which did not go through the Classis of Amster- 
 dam, for approval. Beside the ordinary duties, it stipulates that he was to 
 preach on the first and second day of Christmas, on New Year's Day, on 
 the first and second day of Easter, on Ascension Day, on the first and 
 second of "Whitsunday, and on each of these days only once. His charge 
 was very extensive. Ramapo was organized out of it, in 1785, and a second 
 church edifice was built at Saddle River, in 1784, which ultimatel}' became 
 an independent church, (1814.) About a year before his death, he re- 
 ceived, as a colleague. Rev, G. A. Kuypers ; but he only continued there 
 about ten months, when he was called to New-York, and, three months 
 after, the venerable Yanderlinde went to his reward. He married a niece 
 of General Schuyler. 
 
 Vandermeulen, Cor. Zeeland, 1852-9, Chicago, 1859-00, Grand Rapids, 
 18G0— 
 
 Vaxdermeulex, Jacob C. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1801, 1. CI. Holland, 1801 ; 
 Holland, Wis. 1801-3, Polkton, 1803-4, Kalamazoo, 1804-8, Holland 3d, 
 Mich. 1808— 
 
 Yandermeulen, John, R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1802, 1. CI. Holland, 1802 ; Mil- 
 waukee, Wis. 1802— 
 
 Vander Scheur, K. Holland, Wis. 1855-0, Oostburgh, 185G-GG, emeritus. 
 
240 THE MI]SnSTKT. 
 
 Vanderveen, Christian, R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Holland, 1801 ; 
 Grand Haven, 1861-8, Grand Rapids, 1868— 
 
 Vanderveer, Cyrus G. (son of Ferdinand H. Vanderveer,) b. at New-Hurley 
 1835, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Paramus, 1859 ; Miss, at Havana, 1859, Daven- 
 port, 1859-66, also Chaplain in the army, 1861-2, Cor, Sec. Bd. Dora, 
 Miss. 1866-8, d. 
 
 Energetic by nature, he was from boyhood 2}'>'lmus inter pares ; whatever 
 his hand found to do, he did with his might. His home training was ren- 
 dered doubly excellent by a parental intimacy and confidence which grew 
 with his growth, and strengthened with his strength. At the age of seven- 
 teen, he entered on a mercantile career, which lasted about four years. 
 He thus acquired business habits, which gave him great eflBciency. When 
 he found the Saviour, he at once began to labor to bring others to him. 
 He dedicated himself to the ministry. Though wnthout a collegiate educa- 
 tion, he was inferior to none of his class in the seminary, in classical at- 
 tainments. He loved the Scriptures in their original tongues. He was a 
 remarkable combination of the scholarly and practical man. His ser- 
 mons were always thoughtful and practical, and his piety earnest and active. 
 He founded the church at Davenport, Iowa, and he did not leave it till its 
 success was insured. He was also a warm patriot in the war, his patriot- 
 ism being only inferior to his piety. Clear-headed and large-heai'ted, stu- 
 dious and earnest, a faithful friend, a zealous servant of Christ, reliable and 
 prudent as he was energetic and active, he gave promise of becoming a 
 tower of strength in the church. But the Master early called him home. 
 
 Vanderveer, David N. U.C. 1864, P.S. 1867, 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1867 ; 
 Kingston, 1867— 
 
 Vanderveer, Ferdinand H. U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1823, 1. CI. N.B. 1823 ; 
 Miss, to Hyde Park, 1823, to Ovid, 1833, Hyde Park, 1823-9, New-Hur- 
 ley, 1829-39, Newburgh, 1839-42, Warwick, 1842— 
 
 Vanderveer, John, N.B.S. 1822, 1. CI. N.B. 1822 ; Miss, to Mapletown, 
 Westerlo, Canajoharie, Oppenheim, Fayette, Ovid, and Union, 1823. 
 
 Vanderveer, Peter L. R.O. 1868, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Vander Voort, John 0. b. at Bound Brook, 179., Q.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1819, 1. 
 CI. N.B. 1819 ; (German Valley and Fox Hill, Presbyt, 1819-28, Basking 
 Ridge,) 1828-34, Totowa 1st, 1834-7, Kinderhook, 1837-^2, Mellen- 
 ville, 1842-5, New-Paltz, 1845-8, Ghent 2d, 1848-50, died. 
 He was early brought into the church. His habits were eminently devo- 
 tional, prayer seeming to be his element. In the social prayer-meetings 
 there was a fervor, spirituality, and unction, which were highly prized, and 
 edifying to those who were with him before the throne. He gave himself 
 to his ministerial work with a steadiness of purpose and an active energy. 
 In most, if not all of his charges, he enjoyed seasons of refreshing from the 
 Lord. Love to the Master, and compassion to the souls of men, were rul- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 241 
 
 ing affections of his heart. He aimed at ilelivcring the whole counsel of 
 God. In the delivery of his message, there was an earnestness and vigor 
 which arrested attention. He contented not himself with merely illustrat- 
 ing truth, but carried his appeals to the conscience and the heart of his 
 hearers, with a pungency and directness which pursued, and a tenderness 
 which molted them. He was a wise, fiiithful, and allectionatc pastor. By 
 both constitution and {jracc he was well fitted for sympathizing with others. 
 He labored much to elevate the tone of piety of the people, and dreaded, as 
 a wasting pestilence, the form of godliness without the power. His last 
 illness was protracted and painful, but he retained his power, and exercised 
 filial submission, and had not a doubt to cloud his prospects. 
 
 Yandervolgen, John Y. from Chester Assoc. Yt. 18J:2 ; w. c. 1842-50, d. 
 
 Van Dorex, David K. N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. N.B. 1807 ; West-Hurley, 1867— 
 
 Van Doren, Isaac, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798. 
 
 Yan Doken, John A. R.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. N.Y. 1838 ; Middle- 
 bush, 1838-66, S.S. Clinton Station, 1860— 
 
 Yan Dohen, J. Howard, R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. N.B. 18G4; voyage 
 to China, April-June, 1805, Amoy, 1805-8, voyage to America, 1808, in 
 America, 1808 — 
 
 Yan Doren, AVm. H. N.B.S. 1840; Williamsburgh,':1840-9, Piermont 2d, 
 1852-3, w. c— 
 
 "Yan Doren, Wm. H. R.C. 1807, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Yan Doren, AVm. Theodore, R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.Y. 1840 ; voy- 
 age to Borneo, Nov. 1840-March, '41, Miss, in Batavia, 1841-2, Wood- 
 stock, N.Y. 1843-5, (Port Buren Presbyt. 1845-52,) Mott Haven, 1852 
 -3, Ramapo, 1853-7, South-Bend, 1857-9, w. c. 
 
 Yan Dricssen, Johannes, b. 1097, 1. in New-Haven, 1727; Claverack, 
 Kinderhook, and Livingston Manor, 1727-8, Kinderhook, 1728-35, sup- 
 plying also New-Paltz, 1731-5, and Germantown ; Aquackanonck, 
 and Pompton, 1735-48, silenced. 
 
 He was educated in Belgium, but, with a letter from Patroon Yan Rens- 
 selaer, he proceeded to Yale College, and was licensed and ordained by the 
 Congregationalists. This fact was afterward used against him, it being de- 
 clared that he never belonged to the Reformed Church. 
 
 He was the first example, in the northern section of the church, of what 
 was deemed irregularity in ordination, which afterward became the bone of 
 contention between the two parties — the Coetus and Conferentie. He 
 wished to avoid the expense and trouble of going to Holland for the rite of 
 ordination. The Holland ministry in America, therefore, denounced him. 
 He was associated with John Ilardenbergh, (the father of Dr. J. R. Ilarden- 
 bergh,) in the common appellation of schismatic, by Mancius, yet God gave 
 him many fruits to his ministry. The Classis of Amsterdam had also cau- 
 16 
 
242 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 tioned the American Church against him, so far as we know, for no other 
 reason than a want of their ordination. Afterward, he was charged, in 
 New-Jersey, with deception, and the forgery of a paper, stating that he was 
 on good terms with Coetus, when no reconciliation had taken place. This 
 was said to be done to secure a settlement at Pompton and Fairfield, where 
 he had been laboring for some time after 1748, and which places wished to 
 call him. But a difficulty between him and Coetus caused the effort to fail. 
 He subsequently labored at Poughkeepsie, Fishkill, and New-Paltz, tempo- 
 rarily, in 1751. — See Stitfs Hist. Ch. New-Paltz, ZairisJcie's Glaverack 
 Centennial. 
 
 Van Driessen, Petrus, (brother of the above,) Albany and Kinderhook, 1712 
 -27, Albany, 1727-38, d. He supplied Linlithgo, 1722-37 (?) and Sche- 
 nectady, for a time. He was also Missionary to the Indians. — Doc. Hist- 
 iii. 548-552. 
 
 Van Dyck, Cor. V. A. b. at Kinderhook, 1818 ; voyage to Syria, as a physi- 
 'Cian, Jan.-March, 1840, in charge of seminary at Abeih, Mt. Lebanon, 
 1840-51, at Hasbeiya, 1851-.., ordained to the ministry, 18.., Sidon, 
 18. .-55, atBeirout, engaged on Arabic version of the Scriptures, 1855-64, 
 'visited America, 1865-7, returned to Syria, and engaged in the publica- 
 tion of the Arabic Bible, at Beirout, and having charge of the medical 
 department of Beirout College, 1865 — 
 
 He was not a graduate of any college, studying the classics and other 
 fbranches at the Kinderhook Academy. He then studied medicine with his 
 father, Dr. Henry L. Van Dyck, and attended a course of lectures in Phila- 
 delphia. Having offered his services to the American Board, he was sent 
 'to Syria in January, 1840, simply as a physician. In a few years he married 
 Miss Julia A. B. Abbott, daughter of a British consul at Beirout. He ap- 
 plied himself at once, on his arrival, to the study of the Arabic, in which 
 he made great proficiency. He was soon called to take charge of a sem- 
 inary at Abeih, on Mt. Lebanon, where he also prepared mathematical and 
 -scientific books. When the missionaries who accompanied him were not 
 yet able to offer a prayer, or to hold services in Arabic, he could do both 
 with facility, and with great acceptability. Owing to these circumstances, 
 and the necessity of more missionaries, those present formed a council and 
 •ordained him to the ministry. Henceforth his medical duties became 
 -second to those of the missionary. After the death of Dr. Eli Smith, who 
 had been engaged for about eight years on the Arabic version, he was called 
 to Beirout by the mission, and by the American Board, to take up and 
 complete the work of that distinguished scholar. He could avail himself of 
 the work of his predecessor only to a limited extent, as there were certain 
 3)rinciples in carrying out the work, which it was necessary entirely to 
 change. He therefore performed the whole work anew, with the exception 
 of the Pentateuch, giving it the style of the Koran. The American Bible 
 Society invited him to come to New- York to superintend the publication, 
 iby the process of electrotyping, and after spending two years in this busi- 
 
TIIU: MINISTRY. 243 
 
 ness, completing an edition of the whole Bible, and one also of the New 
 Testament with vowel points, the remainder of the work of publication was 
 transferred to Syria. — L. II. Y. D. 
 
 Van Dyke, Hamilton, b. 1807, Hamilton Col. 182G, York Sem. (G.R.) 1820, 
 (Chambersburgh, lS29-n3,) Battzville, N.Y. 1833-G, d. 
 His constitution was broken down by severe study in his seminary course. 
 His mind was of the first order, being a fine scholar in language, mathema- 
 tics, philosophy, and music. But theology was his special delight. His 
 religion was intelligent, humble, and fervent. In doctrine he was no extre. 
 mist, but took a scriptural medium. He preached as one mainly intent on 
 reaching the springs of feeling and action. He yearned to make Christ 
 appear lovely, the soul valuable, eternity important, and salvation obliga- 
 tory. The success of his ministry, though brief, was remarkable. His 
 habits were distinguished for accuracy, diligence, and perseverance. Ho 
 analyzed the authors which he read. He was a man of system, and adhered 
 to his plan. 
 
 Van Dvck, Leonard H. (brother of C. V. A. Van Dyck,) A.C. 1830, Aub. S. 
 1833, 1. Presbyt. Ca3-uga, 1833; agent in Kentucky for Tract Society, 
 1833-5, (Cairo, Presbyt. 1835-9, Spencertown, Presbyt. 1839-44,) Gilboa, 
 1844-52, Helderbergh, 1852-G, Blooming Grove, 1856-61, Stone Arabia, 
 1861-r, w. c. 
 
 Van Dyck, Leonard B. U.C. 1824, N.B.S. 1827, 1. by Presbyt. of Colura 
 • bia, 1827. 
 
 Van Gaasbeek, Laurentius, University of Leyden, 1674, May 15th ; sailed 
 from Amsterdam, May 13th, 1678, arriving in New-York, Aug. 21st; ar- 
 rived at Kingston, Sept. 8th, and delivered his first sermon there, Sept. 
 15th. Kingston 1678-80, Feb. 
 
 Van Giesen, Acmon P. U.N.Y. 1849, N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. Bergen, 1852; 
 Catskill, 1853-5, Brooklyn, 1855-9, Claverack, 1859-65, Green Point, 
 1866-7, Poughkeepsie, 1867— 
 
 Van Dyck, C. L. b. at Kinderhook, 1804, U.C. 1826, N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. 
 
 1829; Marbletown, 1829-1853, North-Esopus, (Port Ewen,) 1856-66, d. 
 
 He was brought into the church at the early age of sixteen, under the 
 pastoral care of Rev. Jacob Sickles. He was diligent, faithful, and prudent, 
 in the exercise of his ministry, in both his fields of labor, developing the 
 activities and strengthening the interests of the churches. He was pre- 
 eminently devout and spiritually minded, as his entire life testified. "When 
 as yet a youth, the other members of his father's Aimily as much dreaded 
 to incur his displeasure and rebuke as they did that of their parents. Even 
 wicked men, while they feared, loved and respected him for his consistent 
 piety. His life and character were transparent. Possessed of a clear, 
 sound, and practical judgment, he was a wise and prudent counsellor. 
 While his words were free, they were weighty, the opinion of no member 
 
244 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 of Classis exercising more influence than his. He continued to labor up to 
 the last Sabbath of his life. 
 
 Van Harlingen, Johannes Martinus, b. near Millstone, 1724, C.N.J, and in 
 a University in Holland, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1761 ; Ne-Shanic and Sour- 
 land, 1762-95, d. 
 
 He was the son of Johannes M. Van Harlingen, a native of Amsterdam, 
 Holland, who came to this country when a young man and settled at Har- 
 lem, N.Y., where he married Maria Bussing, and afterward removed to 
 Lawrence's Bi'ook, near New-Brunswick. After commencing his theo- 
 logical course he went to Holland, for the double purpose of obtaining a 
 more thorough preparation for the ministry, and of being ordained by the 
 Classis of Amsterdam. After completing his theological course at one of 
 the Universities of Holland, and receiving ordination, he returned to 
 America. He entered upon his ministry in 1762, and served his double 
 charge with zeal and fidelity for thirty-three years, when he fell asleep, 
 universally beloved and lamented. He preached exclusively in Dutch 
 until toward the close of his life, when, the younger part of his charge re- 
 quiring English sermons, he preached occasionally in that language. He 
 was an evangelical preacher, a faithful pastor, and a patron of learning. 
 He was a member of the original Board of Trustees of Queen's College, and 
 labored for its first endowment. Dom. Van Harlingen was twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife was Sarah Stryker, by whom he had two children ; his 
 second, Elizabeth Van Deursen, who was the mother of three, one of whom 
 died in infancy, and the others survived him. The following inscription is 
 on his tombstone : 
 
 " Van Harlingen, recalled by Zion's King, 
 Finished in haste his embassy abroad ; 
 Then soaring up to heaven on seraph's wing, 
 Blest angels haUed the embassador of God." 
 
 P. D. V. a 
 
 He is one about whom very little is known. Those who were his contem- 
 poraries and sat under his preaching, are probably all gone. Tradition, 
 such as there is, reports him to have been a very evangelical, pointed, and 
 practical preacher. The fact that a very prominent church, village, and 
 district of country are called by his name, might be taken for evidence of 
 the estimation in which he was held. — G. L. 
 
 Van Harlingen, John M., (nephew of J. M. Van Harlingen, above,) b. at 
 Sourland, 1761, Q.C. 1783, studied under Livingston, 1. by Christian 
 Synod of D. R. Chs. 1786 ; Millstone and Six Mile Run, 1787-95, w.c. 
 1795-1812, Prof. Heb. and Ecc. Hist. 1812-3, d. 
 
 From early childhood,itis said,he was exceedingly fond of books, and spent 
 much of his life in their exclusive society. After the relinquishment of his 
 first united charges, he never after settled, although he labored abundantl}' 
 in assisting his brethren, and supplying vacant pulpits by classical appoint- 
 ment. He was very quiet and reserved in his disposition, and was seldom 
 
THE MINISTRY. 245 
 
 known to laup;h or even to smile. His conversation was instructive, antl his 
 preaching solid anil cvangeHoal, but not popular. After his retirement 
 from the pastorate, he translated Van Der Kemp's Sermons on the Heidel- 
 berg Catechism, which were published in 1810, in two volumes. For sev- 
 eral years previous to the establishment of the theological professorate 
 at New-Brunswick, he had been accustomed to receive young men at his 
 residence, and instruct them in Hebrew and Ecclesiastical History with a 
 view to their licensure. In 1812, the General Synod appointed him pro- 
 fessor of these branches in the Theological Seminary. He accepted the 
 chair of Hebrew, and agreed to instruct temporarily in Church History, 
 but his career of usefulness was cut short by death in November, 1813. 
 His loss was deeply felt by the church and her institutions of learning. — 
 
 P. D. V. a 
 
 He is said to have been a close student, and learned in theology. He 
 was a very absent-minded man. As a preacher, he seems to have made 
 no impression, (hough his discourses were solid and instructive, because of 
 the utter want of animation, emphasis, and freedom in his delivery. Not 
 only was he utterly without gesticulation, but he seemed unconscious ot 
 the presence of an audience, and kept his eye fixed as though he were read- 
 ing a manuscript closely, though he had none before him. He is said to 
 have been a good Hebrew scholar, and at one time taught this language to 
 the students of the Theological Seminary at New-Brunswick. — G. L. 
 
 Van Hook, Isaac A. C.C. 1797, N.B.S. 1810, 1. CI. N.B. 1819; Miss, to 
 Spotswood, 1819-21, Miss, to Stillwater, Sussex Co., N.J. 1822, to Bea- 
 verdam and Middletown, 1822, to Kleyn Esopus, 1822, to Tyashoke, 
 1822, Fort Miller and Argyle, 1823-4, Miss, to Wilton, 1825, Cor. Sec. 
 Bd. Miss. 1827, died 1834? 
 
 Van Home, Ab. Q.C. 1787, studied under Livingston, lie. by the Synod 
 of D. R. Chs. 1788 ; Wawarsing, :Marbletown, and Rochester, 1789-95, 
 Caughnawaga, 1795-1833, died 1840. 
 
 A'an Horne, David. U.C. 18G4, N.B.S. 18G7, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1SG7; 
 Union Village, 1868— 
 
 Van Houten, Abraham, 1. by Seceders, 1852; Clarkstown, 1852-7, Clarks- 
 town and Paramus, 1857-Gl, Clarkstown and Hempstead, 18G1, Schraal- 
 enburgh, 18G1-6, New-York, King St. 18G6— 
 
 Van Hoevenbergh, Eggo Tonkens, (Surinam, South-America,) 17.. -49, 
 Livingston Manor, and Claverack, 1749-56, Rhinebeck Flats, 1756-64, 
 suspended, but continued to preach till 1767. 
 
 In 1749, on his way to Holland from Surinam, he stopped at New-York, 
 and the consistory of that place wished to call him, as l)u Bois was getting 
 old ; but as he would not promise to join the Coetus, he was not called. His 
 language concerning the ministers in New-York also turned the tide against 
 him. Proceeding north, however, he obtained settlements. But his life was 
 filled with improprieties, and he was at last cut off from the ministry. 
 
246 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Van Huysen, (or Van Housen,) Hermanns, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. 
 
 Hackensack, 1793 ; Helderbergh, Salem, and Jerusalem, 1794-1825, d. 
 
 1833. 
 
 His early advantages for literary attainments were small, and it was late 
 when he commenced to prepare for the ministry. But notwithstanding 
 these difficulties and the scanty material to which he had access when he 
 began to study, with industry and piety, and an ardent thirst for biblical 
 knowledge, he arose to a position to which many, with every advantage, do 
 not attain. During the revolution he had served as an officer in the army, 
 and he loved to recount the adventures of his youth. But at the close of 
 the war the waste places of Zion affected his heart, and led him to seek 
 entrance into the ministry. An extensive revival soon followed his labors. 
 His field was large, requiring both sti'ength of body and of mind. His 
 habits of punctuality were referred to proverbially, long after he had died. 
 Humility was his chief trait. "When he found the infirmities of age creep- 
 ing on him, he resigned the field, that the work might not be impeded. 
 
 Van Keuren, Benj. N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; Miss, to Charleston 
 2d, Mapletown, and Westerlo, 1824, Esopus, 1825-6, Esopus, Hurley, and 
 Bloomingdale, 1826-34, Esopus and Bloomingdale, 1834-6, Warwick, 
 1836-7, (Presbyt. 1837-56,) R.D.C. 1856, d. 1865. 
 
 Van Kleek, Richard D. U.C. 1822, N.B.S. 1825, 1. CI. N.B. 1825 ; Rari- 
 tan, 1826-31, Teaching .at Basking Ridge Academy, 1831-34, Canajoharie, 
 1734-5, Berne 1st' and Beaverdam, 1835-43, Teaching at Erasmus Hall, 
 Flatbush, L. I. 1843-60, at Grammar School, Jersey City, 1860— 
 
 Van Liew, John, Q.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820; (Meadville, 
 Pa, 1820-3, Mendham, N.J. 1824-5, Presbyt.) North Branch, (Reading- 
 ton,) 1826— 
 
 Van Liew, John Cannon, b. at Middlebush, 18. ., N.B.S. 1832, 1. CI. N.B- 
 1832 ; Catskill, Leeds, and Kiskaton, 1832-3, Leeds, and Kiskaton, 1833- 
 4, Spotswood, 1834-42, Rutgers Col. Gr. School, 1842-. ., (Piflfard, 18. .- 
 49, Groveland, Presbyt. 1849-50,) Ephratah, and Stone Arabia, 1850-6, 
 Berne, and Beaverdam, 1856-60, d. 1861. 
 
 He passed through unusual varieties of place and pursuit in life. After 
 his college course, he studied law, till ready for licensure, when with the 
 bestowment of grace, and a vow to his sainted mother, he commenced the 
 study of theology. He was first, for one year, a colleague to his uncle Isaac 
 N. Wyckoff, in the triple charge in the Catskills. At Spotswood, he also 
 opened a classical institution and boarding school, and conducted it suc- 
 cessfully, for several years. Leaving Piffard, he took charge of the Temple 
 Hill Academy, at Geneseo, and superintended its concerns with marked abili- 
 ty. While thus engaged he also became pastor of a neighboring Presby- 
 terian church. While officiating at Ephratah, a new literary institution was 
 organized at Carlisle, Schoharie, Co. N.Y. and he became the rector of this. 
 
THE MIXISTRY, 247 
 
 Ilere, in a damp house, he took a cold from wliich ho never recovered. In 
 six months he resinned the charge of Kphratah and Stone Arabia. In his 
 last charges he labored and sutfored, with constantly failing healtli, until he 
 was obliged to resign the service and remove to his native region in New- 
 Jerscj', where, in a year and a half, he died, lie was a man of decided 
 mental ability, an able advocate in ecclesiastical trials and controversy, a 
 critical linguist and successful instructor, an excellent preacher — seldom if 
 ever reading his sermons, but generally speaking from a brief. He sacri- 
 ficed earthly prospects to his love of the (iospcl. His piety was decided and 
 controlling. Burdened with heavy responsibilities which might have dis- 
 tracted ordinary men, he maintained an equanimity which left no suspicion 
 of his troubles. He was popular, and accepted by the pious, wherever he 
 labored. He suffered for years with exemplary patience and persistence, 
 in his ministerial work, and fell in the midst of his years, a martyr to the 
 cause. 
 
 Van Liewen, Wm. Holland, Wis. 1857-9. 
 
 Van Nest, Ab. R. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1847, 1. 01.1847; Miss, at Green 
 Point, 1848, (Assoc. Ref. Ch. 1848,) Twenty-First St. N.Y.C. 1848-62, 
 in Europe. 
 
 Van Nest, Rynier, b. near Soraerville, N.J. 173G, 1. by Gen. Meeting of 
 Ministers and Elders, 1773 ; Shawangunk, and New-Paltz 2d, (or 
 Wallkill,) 1774-85, also Middleburg,? 1774-80, and Schoharie,? 1780-5, 
 Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster Bay and Success, 1785-97, Schoharie, 1797- 
 1802, d. near Soraerville, 1813. 
 
 Van Neste, Geo. J. R.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846; Bound 
 Brook, 1847-53, Lodi, 1853-65, West New-Hempstead, 1865— 
 
 Van Nist, Jacobus, b. 1735, lie. by the American Classis, 1758 ; Pough- 
 keepsie and Fishkill, 1758-61, d. 
 
 Van Niewenhuysen, Wilhelmus, New-York, 1671-82, d. 
 
 He was a relative of Domine Selyns. He had a controversy with Gov. 
 Andros in reference to the prerogative of the Dutcli churches choosing 
 their own minister.s, as the Governor had attempted to force Rev. Nicholas 
 Renslaer on the church of Albany. The validity of Renslear's ordination 
 was finally reluctantly admitted, but not his right to officiate against the 
 wishes of the people. Van Niewenhuysen was not settled in Albany, but 
 still seems to have remained there for a while to assist Schaats in the con 
 troversy. His name there appears as Niewenhyt. There was a constan 
 and steady growth in the membership, during his ministry in New-York, 
 which was peaceful and successful. He supplied the churches on Long 
 Island, during their vacancy. His correspondence with the Classis of Am- 
 sterdam impresses one with the conviction that he was a faithful and judi- 
 cious minister and pastor. He was of the Cocccian school in exegesis. — Doc. 
 Hist. iii. 526, and Anthology of New-Netherlands, 179. 
 
248 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 The following lines concerning Van Niewenhuysen, are from the pen of 
 Domine Selyns, his successor: 
 
 OP HET PEEDICK-AMPT VAN WILHELMU8 NrEUWENHUYSEN, 
 
 DOOR MT NIGESEENT TOT TEN DIENST J. C. IN N. NEDERLANDT. 
 
 Hoe wordt Nieuw Nederlandt vernieuwt door Nieuwenhuysen. 
 
 Hy doodt den oudemensch, en spreeckt de nieuwe voor ; 
 Houdt d'oude leer, en dryft geen nieuwichheden door, 
 Een doet door nieuwe drift haar oude qnaet verhuysen. 
 Eti wordt Nieuw Nederlandt door Nieuwenhuysen' s trouw, 
 En Nieuwenhuysen door Nieuw Nederlandts berouw, 
 Na 't Nieuw Jerusalem gevoert om nieuwichheden, 
 Wat kerck vindt meerden heyl, als door vernieude seden. 
 
 ON THE MINISTRY OF DOMINE NIBWENHUTSEN. 
 
 How is new-Netherland renewed by Niewenhuysen ? 
 
 He kills the old man off, and then the new directs ; 
 
 He holds old doctrines fast and not the new rejects, 
 
 E'er by his new pledged zeal old error ostracizing. 
 Now is New-Netherland by Niewenhuysen's mission, 
 And Niewenhuysen by New-Netherland's contrition, 
 Led to the New-Jerusalem for new delights. 
 What church more safety finds than in renewed rites ? 
 
 Van Olinda, Douw, b. at Charleston, KY. 1800, N.B.S. 1824, l.Cl. N.B. 1824; 
 Miss, to Johnstown, Mayfield, and Union, 1824, Palatine, 1825-7, Maple- 
 town, Spraker's Basin, and Canajoharie, 1827-31, New-Paltz, 1832-44, 
 Caughnawaga, 1844-58, d. 
 
 He was of large stature and commanding appearance, an edifying and 
 instructive preacher, addressing rather the understanding than the feelings. 
 His distinguishing trait was great executive ability. — StiWs Hist. Ch. New- 
 Paltz. 
 
 Van Pelt, Peter T. b. at Bushwick, L.I. 1778, CO. 1799, studied under 
 Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1801 ; Staten Island, 1802-35, Fordham, 1836-47, 
 d. 1861. Also chaplain in the war, 1812-14. 
 
 During his preparation for the ministry, he was invited by a committee 
 of Kings Co. L.I. to deliver an oration on the death of Washington. The 
 great work of his life was accomplished on Staten Island, where he had on 
 several occasions large accessions to the church. Gov. Tompkins also 
 invited him to make an address of welcome to General La Fayette, on his 
 arrival at the governor's house, as the nations guest, in 1824. He was 
 with Aaron Burr, in his last moments, in 1836. After a ministry of forty- 
 six years, he retired to the city, where he spent his last days. 
 
 Van Raalte, A.C. Ley den University, 1831, Leyden Theolog. Sem. 1834, 
 examined in the Provincial Synod of the Hague, May, 1835, ordained for 
 general service in Amsterdam, in the General Synod of The Separated, 
 or Free Reformed Church of the Netherlands, March 4th, 1886 ; Miss, 
 first in Geneminden, then in Ommer, (Overyssel,) 1836-44, Arnheim, 
 (Guelderland,) 1844-6, c. to America; Holland, Mich, 1851 — 
 
THE MINISTRY. 249 
 
 Van Rcnslacr, (or Rcnslaor,) Nioliolas, onlaincd as a deacon by Dr. Earle, 
 ]{ishop of Sarum ; by the Bishop of Salisbury as a Prcsybtcr; Chap- 
 lain to Ilccr Van (Joph, Embassador from the States General, residing in 
 liOndon; afterward minister of the Dutch Church at Westminster; Lec- 
 turer at St. Margaret's, Loathbury, London ; c. to America, 1CV5 ; Albany, 
 1GV5-6. 
 
 Coming to New-York, he sought and obtained a grant of the colony of 
 Rensselaerwyck, by reason of the transfer of the colony to the Duke of 
 York, but he failed to retain it. lie had been also, by the same Duke» 
 recommended in July, lOT-t, to Ciov. Andros for a living in one of the 
 Dutch churches in the colony. The governor foisted him on the Dutch 
 church in Albany, but the consistory resisted him, the church of New- 
 York helping them. They even sent their minister thither, (Van Niewen- 
 huysen,) and who seems for a time to have ofliciated there as if the pastor. 
 Van Renslaer made complaint against Van Nicwenhuysen, (calling him 
 the minister of Albany,) because he had forbidden him to baptize any chil- 
 dren, and when he inquired the cause of such order, Van Niewenhuysen 
 declared that English ordination was not valid in the Dutch churches. lie 
 was compelled to retract this remark by the council. Van Renslaer con- 
 tinued to officiate about a year. lie was then imprisoned for some dubious 
 words which he uttered in the pulpit. Jacob Leisler (the subsequent 
 usurping Governor) and Jacob ^Milbornc had brought in certain charges 
 against Renslaer, concerning his statements in the pulpit, and which made 
 a great disturbance. Lei.sler and Milborne were at length mulcted in 
 the entire cost of the litigation, and suffered in character also, while Domine 
 Schaats and Renslaer were reconciled. The latter was soon removed by 
 death. lie was suspected of being a papist. lie married Alida Schujder, 
 who subsequently became the wife of Robert Livingston. 
 
 Van Riper, Garrabrant, student in X.B.S. d. 1S2S. 
 
 Van Santvoord, Cornelius, b. 1G97, studied in University of Leyden, under 
 John Marck ; Staten Island, 1718-42, also Belleville, 1730-2, Schcnec 
 tady, 1742-52, d. 
 
 "While on Staten Lsland, he preached in both the French and Dutch lan- 
 guages, lie was an intimate friend of Domine Frelinghuysen of Raritan, 
 sympathizing with him in all his trials, while his learning, acuteness, and 
 manly independence qualiQcd him to be his advocate. In this character, 
 he appeared in a small volume entitled, A Dialogue hetween Considerans 
 and Cnndidus. lie translated Prof. Marck's commentary on the Apoca- 
 lyp.se, adding much to it by his own reflections. He sent it to Holland for 
 approval, and it was not only approved, but adorned with a copious preface) 
 by Prof. "\Vcs.selius. The high respect entertained and shown b}' Mr. Van 
 Santvoord for Prof. Marck, was but the counterpart of the professor's esteem 
 for him. He declared that Mr. V. was one of his most distinguished and 
 apt pupils, and he was honored by the professor's friendship to the end of 
 life. — Drvwnke's Hi-it. Dist. on Staten Island. 
 
250 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Van Santvoord, Cor. S. (s. of Staats Van Santvoord,) U.C. 1835, N.B.S. 
 and P. S. 1838, 1. by Presbyt. 1838 ; Canastota, 1838-9, supplied Coey- 
 mans and New-Baltimore, 'six months, 1839-40, Saugerties, 1340-55, 
 Union Village, 1855-8, supplied Coxsackie 2d, 1859, Schenectady 2d, 
 1860-1, Chaplain N.Y.S. Militia, 1861-2, Hospital Chaplain, Nashville, 
 Tenn., 1862-Feb. '65, Crittenden Hospital Chaplain, Louisville, Ky. 
 1865, vsr.c. 
 
 Van Santvoord, Staats, b. ITOO, (great-grand-son of Cor. Van Santvoord,) 
 U.C. 1811, N.B.S. 1814, 1. CI. N.B. 1814; Belleville, 1814-28, Schodack, 
 1829-34, also at Coeymans, 1829-30, Onisquethaw, 1839-64, supplying 
 also Berne 2d, 1841-2, and Nevi^-Salem, 1843-4, and pastor at Jerusa- 
 lem, 1845-7, Chaplain in Hospital at Nashville, 1864, w.c. — 
 
 Van Schie, Cornelius, b. 1703, Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1731-8, (1733 
 • ace. to Rogers,) Albany, 1738-44, d. Aug. 15th. Supplied Claverack, 
 1732-43. 
 
 Van Sinderin, Ulpianus, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bushwick, New-Utrecht, 
 
 Flatbush, 1747-84, also Gravesend, 1747-65, d. 1796. 
 
 He was called because the people were tired of Arondeus, whose anger 
 he at once incurred, because he officiated at a marriage shortly after his 
 arrival. Arondeus therefore refused to introduce him to the people. He 
 brought over with him the letter from the Classis authorizing the formation 
 of a Coetus. He also showed a not altogether proper spirit in refusing to 
 be reconciled to Arondeus privately, when the consistory wished it. He 
 insisted on a public reconciliation. The consistories then retracted his 
 call, and when he insisted on preaching, left their seats. In 1750 he was 
 declared to be the only lawful minister in Kings County. 
 
 Van Slyke, Evert. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. N.Y. 1865 ; White 
 House, 1865-7, West-Farms, 1867— 
 
 Van Slyke, John G. R.C. 1866, student in N.B.S. 
 
 Van Thuysen, A. B. 1848. 
 
 Van Varick, see Varick. 
 
 Van Vechten, Jacob, U.C. 1809, Assoc. Ref. Sem. 1813, and N.B.S. 1814, 
 1. CI. N.B. 1814; Schenectady, 1815-49, w.c— 
 
 Van Veciiten, Samuel, U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1822, 1. CI, N.B. 1822; Miss, to 
 Princeton and Guilderland, 1822-3, to Ovid, Johnstown, Westerlo and 
 Mapletown, Mayfield, Fonda's Bush, and Union, 1823-4, Bloomingburgh 
 and Rome, or Manakating, 1824-9, Bloomingburgh, 1829-41, Fort 
 Plain, 1841-4, w.c— 
 
 Van Vleck, John, b. at Shawangunk, 1828, R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. 
 1855 ; Prin. Holland Academy, Mich. 1855-9, Prin. Kingston Academy, 
 1859-62, Middleport and Wawarsing, 1862-4, d. 1865. 
 Born and nurtui'ed in the valley of the Wallkill, under devoted pastoral 
 
Till: MINISTRY. 251 
 
 and parental care, trained to patient endurance, his mind at the same time 
 found food, and developed vi;^orously, under apparently unpropitious cir- 
 cumstances. Upon graduating he was made Principal of Holland Acade- 
 my, and this institution, the germ of Hope College, is his monument. lie 
 also began English preaching in the Holland colony in Michigan, which 
 culminated in the Second Church of Holland. He possessed warm im- 
 pulses and an atfcctionate disposition, and loved his pupils dearl)', for their 
 own sakes and for Christ's. Many were led to study for the ministry 
 through his influence. He was a most diligent student, an excellent He- 
 brew scholar, and an admirable exegete, and projected and almost comple- 
 ted several exegetical works. His " Gethsemane" was about completed, 
 and is worthy to see the light. He had also advanced far on the Song of 
 Solomon. As a classical scholar .and teacher he had few superiors, and as 
 a writer his exegetical ability was only exceeded by his spirituality. 
 
 Van Yleck, Paulus, Neshaminy, Pa., 1710-12, being a Low Dutch Ch. in 
 
 Bucks Co., Pa. in connection with the Presbyterians. 
 
 He first appears as schoolmaster and precentor at Kinderhook in 1702, 
 and sometimes preaching, for which he was complained of and made to de- 
 sist. Doc. History, iii. 528. Dos. Antonides and Du Bois, in 1709, 
 were directed by Col. Nicholson to ordain him as a Chaplain for the Dutch 
 troops, proceeding to Canada, but they plead that they had no authority 
 to do so. In 1712 he was charged with bigamy, and left the country in 
 mb. — ^YcMer^'s Hist. Preshjt. Ch. 338. 
 
 Van Vlierden, Peter, (St. Croix, W.I.) 17.. -1792, Caatsban, 1794-1804, 
 suspended. Restored July, 1804, d. 1821. 
 
 Van Voorhis, Stephen, C.N.J. 1705, lie. by the General Meeting of Minis- 
 ters and Elders, 1772 ; Poughkeepsie. 1773-G, Rhinebeck Flats, 177G-84, 
 Philipsburgh, (Tarrytown,) and Cortlandtown, 1785-8, (Kingston and 
 Assynpinck, N.J. Presbyt.) 1788-96, d. Nov. 23. 
 
 V.VN Vr.^xken, Adam H. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1851; 
 Glen, 1851-65, Centreville, Mich. 1865 — 
 
 Van Vrankev, F. V. U.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1861 ; 
 Lysander, 1861-6, Glen, 1866— 
 
 Van Vranken, Nichola.s, b. at Schenectady, 1762, studied under Dirck 
 Rorncyn and Livingston, 1. by the Synod of R. D. Chs. 1790, Fishkill, 
 Hopewell, and New-Hackensack, 1791-1804, d. 
 
 He was a man of fine attainments, literary and theological, a fervent and 
 eloquent speaker, and a most devoted servant of God. After conipleting 
 his preparatory studies, he became principal of a flourishing academy in 
 his native city, continuing in that position for six years. This academy 
 was the germ of T'nion College. The records of his churches, so far as 
 preserved, show numerous addition.s, evidencing that his labors were 
 blessed. He was possessed of strong affections, ardently attached to his 
 
252 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 charges, no inducement prevailing with him to sever his connection with 
 them. lie declined calls from Albany and Schenectady. The change of 
 language, from the Dutch to the English, took place in his charges during 
 his ministry. His knowledge of his people was so complete, and his tact 
 so great, that when, according to ancient custom, the communicants 
 stood around the pulpit to receive the sacramental elements from the hands 
 of their pastor, he adapted his remarks to the circumstances of each. His 
 quick eye took in in a moment individual peculiarities, and he also spoke 
 to them in Dutch or English, as they were best able to comprehend, the 
 one or the other. Tradition represents him as a most faithful, devoted, 
 and dearly beloved pastor. One of his elders in Poughkeepsie once said to 
 him, " Domine, I hear that a great woe has been pronounced against you, 
 a woe upon the very highest authoritj^ — woe unto the man of M'hom all 
 speak well." His personal appearance was very prepossessing ; he was 
 gentlemanly in his manners ; his conversational talent was finely devel- 
 oped, enabling him to make the best possible use of a large fund of chaste 
 anecdotes, and rendering him a most agreeable and instructive associate to 
 all classes. He never lowered his ministerial character, though he richly 
 enjoyed a jest. Tradition also tells a story, illustrative of his humor. 
 Having visited one of his parishioners, as he was about leaving, the latter 
 said, " Domine, the next time you come bring a bag and I will fill it with 
 oats." On his next visit he did take a bag, but it was of unusual dimen- 
 sions, two large sheets having been sewed together for the purpose. His 
 friend took the sack, and paying the Domine in his own coin, filled it with 
 oats in the sheaf. His final sickness was very violent and rapid. Most of 
 his people had not heard of it until, on Sabbath, when waiting for his en- 
 trance as usual into the church, the messenger brought tidings of his death. 
 — Kip''s Ilist. Dis. at Fishkill. 
 
 Van Vranken, Samuel A. (s. of Nicholas Van Vranken,) b. 1790, N.B.S. 
 
 1817,1.01. N.B. 1817; Middletown and Freehold, 1818-26, Freehold, 
 
 1826-34, Poughkeepsie, 1834-7, Broome st. N.Y.C. 1837-41, Prof. Didac. 
 
 Theol. in N.B. Sem. and Prof. Evid. Ch. Relig. and Logic in Rutgers Col. 
 
 1841-61, d. Jan. 1st. 
 
 No one ever met him, and conversed with him for even a few moments, 
 who did not feel at once, that he was a highly intelligent, noble-minded, 
 and gifted Christian gentleman. His personal pi-esence was imposing, his 
 voice rang out freely, the grasp of his hand was animating, his eye rested 
 confidently upon you, and when he spoke, you saw plainly that he was a 
 man of a frank and open disposition, of large information, and possessed of 
 such powers of intellect as would render any thing that he might have to 
 say worthy of your attention. He was an ingenuous man. He knew of no 
 concealment, practised no subterfuges, and might be understood in a few 
 moments. Few were more unsophisticated, unsuspicious, and open-hearted 
 than he, in his intercourse with his brethren. 
 
 x\s a consequence, he had many friends who fully appreciated his many 
 noble qualities and loved him sincerely. He retained them too, when he 
 
THE MIXISTEY. 253 
 
 had once gained them, all the rest of his clays. " He never lost a friend." 
 Ilis frankness, his integrity, his great-heartcdncss, guarded him from the 
 misfortune of not being understood, as surely as it did from betraying any 
 one who had ever trusted in him. Tiie study of none of the professors was 
 more resorted to, or rung more frequently with that spontaneous burst of 
 laughter which an anecdote, as he told it, was sure to call forth. There 
 was no restraint felt even by young men in his presence, but his cheerful, 
 genial, generous temper, encouraged freedom, and inspired their confidence. 
 His numerous friends in the ministry loved to meet him and enjoy his 
 sunny spirit, as it diffused itself in the confidence of social intercourse. Ilis 
 house was the home of his friends, whenever they chose to occupy it ; and 
 his table welcomed them, as often as it was spread. 
 
 In public life he was never a partisan, never found among a clique, never 
 the advocate of selfish, narrow, one-sided views; but what was good he 
 promoted, earnestly supported, no matter whom it might benefit, or who 
 might oppose it. Hence his opinions always had weight, and his policy sel- 
 dom failed to prove itself right. He had no difficulty in seeing the truth, 
 because he looked at it through no distracting medium. It was always sim- 
 ple and clear to him, because he sought nothing but to find it. He looked 
 at the whole, and formed his judgment from an elevated, generous, and mag- 
 nanimous stand-point. 
 
 His piety was delicately sensible, deeply emotional, and warmly afFeclion- 
 ate. Ordinarily, this would not appear, and its cheerful, sunny aspect seeni- 
 •ed to be first and most observed ; but when the occasion occurred, and his 
 soul was moved, his great heart swelled with tumultuous sentiment, and 
 poured itself out in a torrent of feeling, or a flood of tears. At communion 
 seasons, in the prayer-meeting, and often in social intercourse, when he re- 
 lated some striking instance in which the power of grace had been sweetly 
 and kindly manifested, his huge frame womld quiver, his utterance become 
 choked, and his cheeks wet with tears. 
 
 Another prominent trait of his piety, was its genial, cheerful, hopeful 
 temper. He never looked gloomy, never groaned and sighed, never seem- 
 ed to be in the valley of Baca ; but he certainly knew what aflfliction was, 
 and saw death often in his own family circle. And though he had his sea- 
 sons of desertion, and found occasions of penitence, yet before the world, the 
 peace of God ever shone fiom his soul. He could '^weep with those that 
 wept," but he loved most " to rejoice with them that do rejoice." He never 
 obtruded his feelings on any one, yet he was the last man who would have 
 concealed them from any fear of man. Hence his piety seemed entirely un- 
 afifected — the spontaneous expression of sentiment and feeling evidently 
 pervading his whole heart. He was a Christian in the highest and best 
 sense. 
 
 As a preacher he had many qualities of excellence. His sermons were 
 ingenious, earnest, and impressive, in some parts imaginative, glowing, 
 grand. His large, sonorous voice, ringing through a large church, his ma- 
 jestic personal presence, and the tones and accents in which he uttered 
 
254 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 some of the impassioned parts, left a trace upon memory which was never 
 effaced. In his early life, he preached memoriter. He had a remarkable 
 vigor and nobleness of thought, ranging over the whole field of religious dis- 
 cussion, and comprehending at a glance its prominent and appropriate points 
 in relation to the subject in hand. His mental powers were of the very first 
 order, and his mind had been well stored and cultivated. Every sermon 
 was profitable, intellectually and morally, exhibiting vigor of thought, ju- 
 dicious argument, and earnest appeals to the heart and conscience. 
 
 His first and principal aim was to instruct and edify. Regardless of ap- 
 plause, he sought more to unfold the meaning of the Scriptures, and make 
 known the saving truths of the Gospel, than to gain the favor of men, by 
 dazzling them with fine language and rhetorical ornaments. His great heart 
 could sometimes almost be felt, beating in its strong pulsations and illustra- 
 tions, by which he enforced the truth. 
 
 He never made any special pretentious display of scholarship — not because 
 he did not possess it, but because he was above it. He was the farthest ot 
 all men from being a pedant, or from seeking to displajj- the learning which 
 he really possessed. But it was unsafe for an opponent to presume on 
 his not having it ; he was sure of discomfiture. He had read extensively 
 and thought profoundly, while the readiness with which he commanded the 
 treasures of his mind enabled him promptly to meet every emergency. 
 Yet he was rather a good general scholar, than specially learned on any par- 
 ticular branch. 
 
 Van Wagener, W. A. N.B.S. 1864. 
 
 Van Wagenen, John Hardenbergh, b. at Rochester, (Ulster Co.) N.Y. 1802, 
 U.C. 1823, N.B.S. 182G, 1. CI. Ulster, 1826; Beaverdam, 1826-31, Berne 
 1st, Niskayuna, and Amity, 1831-4, Niskayuna, 1834-5, Linlithgo, 1835- 
 40, Linlithgo and Mt. Pleasant, (Greenpoint,) 1840-1, Kingston, 1841- 
 4, d. 
 
 He was the child of pious parents, who desired that he should study for 
 the ministry. He prepared himself for college, under Rev. James Murphy. 
 In each of his several pastorates he was blessed with powerful revivals of re- 
 ligion, during the three last years of his life, at Kingston, receiving 163 into 
 the church. Few men have been more useful. He probably received more 
 members into the church, during his ministry, than any other man of his 
 age then living. He was noted for fidelity, zeal, and untiring industry. His 
 talents were of a high order, and carefully cultivated by an excellent educa- 
 tion, extensive reading, and deep, close thought. His mind was clear, ca- 
 pacious, rapid, and decisive. Few men saw a subject in all its relations and 
 bearings more readily, or acted more promptly. He possessed handsome 
 pulpit talents, and extraordinary readiness and power in extemporaneous 
 preaching. 
 
 Van Woert, Jacob H. R.C. 1846, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. Greene, 1849 ; North- 
 Blenheim, and Breakabin, 1850-2, Ghent 2d, (AYest,) 1852-65, Lawyer- 
 ville, and Sharon, 1867 — 
 
THE MINISTRY. 255 
 
 Van Wyck, Geo. T. R. C. 1840, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Orange, 1843; Deer- 
 park, 1844-52, moved south. 
 
 VanWtck, PoLnEMUs, R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1848; 
 Creenport, 1848-51, Gaiiscvoort, and Northumberland, 1854-7, West- 
 Farms, 1857-G7, Cortlandtown, 1S07 — 
 
 Van Zaxdt, Ab. B. U.C. 1840, P.S. 1842, 1. Presbyt. North-River, 1842 ; 
 Newburgli, 1842-8, (Petersburg, Va. 1848-5G,) Central, Ninth st. N.Y.C. 
 1855-9, Montgomery, 1859 — ■ 
 
 Van Zandt, Benj. U.C. 1832, Union Village, 188G-42, Kinderhook, 1842- 
 52, Nyack, 1852-5, Prin. of Rockland Institute, 1855-8, (Presbyt. 1858- 
 62,) Canajoharie, 1802— 
 
 Van Zandt, Peter, N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817; Schenectady 2d, and 1st 
 Ch. Fourth AVard, (Glenville,) 1818-22, Miss, to Oakhill, 1823, d. 1865. 
 
 Van Zuuren, Casparus, Flatbush, New-Utrecht, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bush- 
 wick, and Gravesend, 1077-85, returned to Holland. 
 
 Varick, (or Van Varick,) Rudolphus, Brooklyn, Flatland?, Bushwick, Flat- 
 bush, New-Utrecht, and Gravesend, 1085-94, d. 
 
 When the usurpations of Leisler took place, he was for a long time pa- 
 tient under them, but at length, for his high-handed proceedings, felt com- 
 pelled to denounce him. (Seltns.) In this opposition, he-stood together with 
 all the Reformed ministers of the Province — Selyus, Dellins, Daille. He 
 found it necessary to flee, going to New-Castle. But upon his return he 
 was charged with being privy to a design to rescue the fort from Leisler, 
 and he was dragged by a force of armed men from his house, taken to the 
 fort and imprisoned, and kept in confinement for six months. This was in the 
 fall of 1090. He was charged also with speaking treasonable words against 
 Liesler, and was sentenced to pay a fine of £80, by Lanoy, a pretended 
 judge, to be deposed from his ministerial functions, and kept in prison till 
 the fine was paid. Domine Selyns offered himself and property as bail for 
 him when first imprisoned, but was refused, and threatened with imprison- 
 ment himself. lie was finally released without fine, though he ultimately 
 died of his ill-treatment, while Leisler, his persecutor, was at length deposed 
 and executed. — See Doc. and Col. Hist. i\^. Y. index. 
 
 Vas, Petrus, Kingston, 1710-32, or 50, (Rhinebeck, 1732 ?) died at the age 
 of 90. 
 
 Veddek, Edwin, R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1844 ; Little 
 Falls, 1845-9, S.S. Glenville 2d, 1849-51, Berne 1st, and Beaverdam, 
 1851, Beaverdam, 1851-5, Middleburgh, and Schoharie Mt. 1855-03, Gal- 
 lupville, and Knox, 1863-8, Gallupville, 1868— 
 
 Vedder, Henry, 1. 1803. 
 
256 THE MIXISTET. 
 
 Vedder, Hermanus, U.C. 1799, studied under D. Eomeyn and Froeligh, 
 1. by 01. Albany, 1801; Greenbusb, and Taghkanic, 1803-50, also sup- 
 plied Linlithgo, 1806-14, Greenbusb, 1850-64, w. c. 
 
 Veenhuysen, a. B. S.S. Pultneyville, 1862-5, Pultneyville, 1865— 
 
 Vehslage, Henry, N.B.S. 1861, 1. by S. CI. N.Y. 1861 ; Irvington, 1861— 
 
 Verbeck, Guido F. b. in Holland; Auburn Sem. 1859, 1. Presbyt. Cayuga, 
 1859 ; voyage to Japan, May-Nov. 1859; Nagasaki, 1859 — 
 
 Verbryck, Samuel, studied under Leydt, J., Goetschius, J. H., and Vander- 
 linde, lie. by Coetus, 1749 ; Tappan and New-Hempstead, (now Clarks- 
 town,) 1750-84, d. 
 
 He was always a warm advocate of the Coetus, and was commended of 
 all. He sought to get a charter from the Governor of New-Jersey, for an 
 academy, in 1761, which so offended many of his people, tliat they refused 
 to fay Jiis salary ! He was the warm friend of G. Du Bois, T. Frelinghuy- 
 sen, and the progressive American party of the day, generally. He oppos- 
 ed forms of prayer and the celebration of the festival days, which conduct 
 was then considered a great innovation. The Conferentie wrote to the Clas- 
 sis of Amsterdam bitterly against him, urging them to take him in hand. 
 They complained that if he got the charter for an academy it would only 
 tend to the increase of the same kind of ministers. He hved to see his lib- 
 eral plans abundantly successful in the charter for Queen's College in 1770. 
 
 Vermeule, Cor. C...Q.C. 1812, N.B.S. 1814, 1. CI. N.B. 1814; Prof, of 
 Langs, in Queen's Col. 1814-5, Harlem, 1816-36, d. 1859. 
 
 Vermilye, Ashbel G. (s. of T. E. Vermilye,) N.Y.U. 1840, N.B.S. 1844, 1. 
 CI. N.Y. 1844 ; (Little Falls, N.Y. 1845-50, Newburyport, Mass. 1850- 
 63,) Utica, 1863— 
 
 Vermilye, Dupuytren, KG. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 
 1863 ; Miss, to Jefferson and Pittsford, 1863-65, Miss, at Palisades, 
 1865-8. 
 
 Vermilye, Thomas E., b. in N.Y.C. 1803, Y.C. 1822, Princeton, 1823, 1. 
 Presbyt. N.Y. 1826 ; (Vandewater St. N.Y.C. Presbyt. 1826-80, West- 
 Springfield, Mass. Cong. 1830-5,) Albany, 1835-9, New-York, 1839- 
 
 Vile, Joseph M. B.C. 1862, N.B.S. d. Dec. 20th, 1865. 
 
 Vock, Ludwig Ferdinand, c. to America, 1749, Lancaster, Jan.-Dec. 1750. 
 
 Vonck, see Funck and French. 
 
 Voorhees, H. M. B.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Raritan, 1863 ; Port Jack, 
 son, 1863-5, Bethlehem 1st, 1865— 
 
 Voorhees, Henry V. B.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.B. 1850; Geneva, 
 1851-4, Broome St. N.Y.C. 1855-6, Bound Brook, Jan. 1858-62, Wash- 
 ington Heights, 1862-5, South-Bushwick, 1867-9, w. c. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 257 
 
 VoouHEEs, Louis B. C. N.J. 1868, student in N.B.S, 
 
 Voorhees, Stephen, see Van Voorhees. 
 
 VoounEES, W.H. B. R.O. 18G0, N.B.S. 18G3, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1803 ; 
 Clover Hill, 18G3— 
 
 Yooiuiis, Jacob N. N.B.S. 1845, 1. by CI. Bergen, 1845 ; S.S. Day, 
 184S-H, Shokan, 1849-51, Greenport, 1851-6, S.S. Greenport, 1856-7, 
 Clove, 1857-66, Esopus, 1867— 
 
 Vredenburgh, John S. Q.C. 1794, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 
 1798; Raritan, 1800-21, d. 
 
 He entered upon his duties when the church had been divided, and was 
 in a low and languishing state. Under his ministry it grew and flourished 
 until it became one of the most numerous and well-ordered religious com- 
 munities in New-Jersey. The latter years of his life were rendered in some 
 measure ineflScient by enfeebled health, and he died suddenly while yet in 
 the midst of his usefulness. He had been visiting families in a remote part 
 of the congregation all day ; returning in the evening to his home, he sank 
 down from his chair, and was no more. The impression of his life and 
 sudden death was immense on the public mind. His funeral was attended 
 by crowds of weeping friends ; and soon a most extensive religious awaken- 
 ing revealed itself, which continued for nearly two years, and the result of 
 which was an addition of three hundred and sixty-eight persons to the 
 communion of the church ! This number embraced the old and young, 
 rich and poor, masters and their servants ; and was so free from enthusi- 
 asm and the other evils of excitement, that only a very few of the whole 
 number failed to maintain a consistent life or required the exercise of dis- 
 cipline. 
 
 The previous years of Mr, Vredenburgh's ministry were not remarkable 
 for any special ingatherings. The church had a healthy and constant 
 growth, and no more ; but he had been faithful, laborious, and earnest in 
 all his efforts to bring the ungodly to repentance, and urge the Christian 
 forward to increasing spiritual-mindedness ; but he had had only an ordin- 
 ary blessing on his work. 
 
 Like the other men of his time, he seldom wrote his sermons, and in 
 some instances, is known not to have decided what lext of Scripture to 
 employ as the subject of his discourse until after he had arrived at the 
 church. Then often he gave his most effective exhortations, and seemed 
 as If he was literally carried away by his ardor. 
 
 The name which he left behind him was endeared to every one ; and he 
 seems to have had almost no opponents. He was useful, respected, and 
 highly esteemed among his associates in the Christian ministry. He Is 
 yet, sometimes, referred to as " the amiable ;" and seems to have been a 
 man free from guile and entirely pure in his whole life. He was a Trustee 
 of Queens, now Rutgers College ; but did not live to see it emerge out of 
 the clouds, which rested upon it until after he had been removed by death. 
 Among the good men who have served the churches in Somerset Countv 
 17 
 
258 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 the name of John S. Vredenburgh will always find a record which will be 
 savory, affectionate, and kind. He was an evangelical and useful preacher, 
 and his labors in the end were greatly blessed. He at least sowed the seed 
 of a most abundant harvest. — A. M. 
 
 Vroom, W. H. R.C. 18G2, N.B.S. 18G5, 1. CI. Rarltan, 1865; Hoboken, 
 1865-7, Davenport, 1867— 
 
 Vrooman, Barent, b. in Schenectady, 17. ., 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1752 ; New- 
 Paltz and Shawangunk, 1753-4, Schenectady, 1754-84, d. 
 
 [Wack, Casper, b. 1752, Tohicken, Indian Field, and Great Swamp, Pa. 
 
 1771-3, the same and Nacomixen, 1773-82, German Valley, Fox Hill, 
 
 and Rockaway, N.J. 1782-1809, also supplied at this time, Stillwater, 
 
 Hardwick, and Knowlton, N.J. ; Germantown and Whitemarsh, Pa. 
 
 1809-21, Whitemarsh, 1821-3, d. 1839. Of these then Ger. Ref Chg. 
 
 Fox Hill is now Presbyterian, and Rockaway is the Ref. D. Ch, of 
 
 Lebanon.] 
 
 His father, John George Wack, came to Philadelphia Jn 1748, from Wit- 
 tenberg, his native place. Besides Casper, another son, John Jacob, en- 
 tered the ministry, having labored in the Reformed (Dutch) Church at Fort 
 Plain. Casper studied under Dr. Weyberg, beginning in his eleventh year. 
 His talents were remarkable. He received calls at the early age of eighteen, 
 (1770,) but his licensure and ordination were deferred till the Classis in 
 Holland could be consulted. Very favorable reports were sent over con- 
 cerning him. He was invited to visit Europe, without expense, but de- 
 clined. He was very extensively useful in New-Jersey, (Somerset, Morris, 
 and Hunterdon Cos.,) having a very large field among the Germans who 
 had settled there as early as 1707. These people had fled from Rhenish 
 Prussia to Holland in 1705, and in 1707 embarked for New- York. Ad- 
 verse winds took them to Philadelphia, and in crossing New-Jersey they 
 were attracted by the beautiful valleys, and settled there. Hence German- 
 town, German Valley, etc. Most of their descendents have since passed 
 into Presbyterian and Reformed (Dutch) churches, since German ministers 
 could not be supplied them from Pennsylvania. {See Minutes of CI. liew- 
 Bninsicieh, 1813.) He was a man of great physical elasticity and agility. 
 He had no taste for speculative theology, but was eminently practical. His 
 perceptions were quick, his wit keen, and his conversation exceedingly 
 sprightly ; he was resolute, energetic, and persevering. With advancing 
 age he would not cease preaching until infirmities compelled him. He was 
 a man of prayer, and had, in all his declining years, full assurance of faith. 
 He reached the age of 87. He was a warm patriot in the Revolution. 
 
 Wack, Chs. P. (grandson of Casper Wack,) N.B.S. 1829, Caroline, 1831, 
 Bellona, 1831-5, Lebanon, 1835-40, Trenton 1st, 1841-4, (G.R.C.) 
 1845-52, d. 1866. 
 
 Wack, Geo. (son of Casper Wack,) b. 1776, (in G.R.C.) 
 
THE MINISTRY. 259 
 
 Wack, John J. (brother of Casper Wack,) studied with his brother, (Ain- 
 well, N.J. 1798-1805, also supplied Knowlton, (Stillwater,) and Hard- 
 wick,) 1798-1805, Fort Plain, (Canajoharic,) and Stone Arabia, 1805-10? 
 suspended; (independent, Canajoharie, and Stone Arabia, 1816-51, d. ?) 
 Also chaplain in American army, 1812-14. 
 
 lie studied theolojj;}' with his brother Casper, while the latter was settled 
 in German Valley, N.J. Ilis churches on the Mohawk were originally Ger- 
 man, but were finally brought into the Dutch communion. During his 
 chaplaincy in the army of the North, his churches fell into disorder, and 
 ultimately he stood as an independent minister, over two churches, on the 
 Mohawk. 
 
 lie was a man of commanding personal appearance, ratlier above the 
 ordinary stature, and proportionally heavy and fall in his corporeal deveh^p- 
 raent. His eye and countenance were expressive of a certain undauntedness 
 of character, mingled with much vivacity and humor ; and when he opened 
 his mouth to speak, you were not disappointed in these indications. He 
 was a ready and fluent speaker in both German and English. He was 
 prompt and decided in action, once, during the war, (of 1812,) taking the 
 sword of tlie commanding officer, and compelling the men to obedience, 
 when the officer had failed. 
 
 He was remarkably popular and influential, yet somewhat rarely unfor- 
 tunate. He became intemperate, and though suspended, continued to 
 exercise the ministry until his death. His churches refused to have their 
 pulpits declared vacant, received Mr. Wack in their houses, and bade him 
 God-speed. He resembled more a bishop in his diocese than an ordinary 
 country pastor. He was the last of the ministers of the old Sand Ilill church 
 of Canajoharie, the church parsonage and glebe having been sold to pay 
 claims for salary. — Rarbaugli's Lives. 
 
 [Wagner, Daniel, b. in Duchy of Nassau, 1750, studied the classics, under 
 Gross, in N.Y.C. and theology under Hendel, in I^ancaster, Pa. 1. 
 by Ger. Coetus, 1771; Kreutz' Creek, Pa. 1771-4, York, etc. 1774-80, 
 Tulpehocken, Heidelberg, Bern, Berg, and Summerberg, 1780-93, York, 
 1793-1802, Frederick, Md. 1802-10, d.] 
 
 He was brought to this country by his parents when only two years of 
 age. They settled first in Chester and afterward in Berks Co., Pa. Ho 
 was brought up on a farm. Both tradition and records unite in presenting 
 his life in beautiful symmetry. To large scientific and theological attain- 
 ments, he united a childlike spirit, and the most earnest, practical piety. 
 His extensive field in Maryland broke down his constitution. He was an 
 experienced and earnest minister, and a holy man. He was greatly beloved 
 by each of his charges. His nobility was of the heart. He was honest 
 from principle, not policy. He was possessed of a deep love to his fellow- 
 men. He did not spend time on idle disputations. The kingdom, to him, 
 was not in word, but in power. He had high conceptions of God, and a 
 low view of himself. His sermons were full of wis lorn and power. His 
 
260 THE MINISTRY, 
 
 representations of the lovely and attractive in Christ were beautiful and 
 touching. — HarhaugKs Lives. 
 
 Wagner, John Martin, R.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y., 1856 ; Silver 
 Creek, Til. 1856-61, S.S. West-Leyden, 1862-3, Melrose, 1863-7, Ger. 
 Evang. Brooklyn, E.D. 1867— 
 
 Waldron, Chs. N., U.C. 1846, P.S. 1849; Cohoes, 1849— 
 
 Wales, E. Vine, from Otsego Presbytery, 1859; Spraker's Basin, 1859-61. 
 
 [Waldschmidt, John, b. 1724, in Nassau, Ger. ; came with Schlatter to 
 America, 1752; Cocalico, (Svramp,) Weiseichenland, Mode Creek, and 
 Zeltenreich, 1752-86, supplied also Tulpehocken, 1756-8, and Heidel- 
 berg, 176.-70, d. 1786.] 
 
 Wall, John J., (possibly the same as Wack,) 1. 1803, Stone Arabia, 1803. 
 
 [Wallaner, George, came from Europe, 1771, Baltimore, 1772-(5?) said to 
 have joined the British army.] 
 
 Ward, Henry, U.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI 1867, New-Hackensack, 
 
 1867— 
 
 Ward, John W. From Presbyt. Tioga ; New-Prospect, 1832-7, S.S. Wawar- 
 sing, 1839-41, Upper Red Hook, 1841-5, Green Point, 1849-54, died 1859, 
 Sept. 5. 
 
 Waring, Hart E. R.C. 1833,N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. Ulster, 1836 ; supplied Berne 
 2d, 1836 ? Miss, to Grand Rapids, 1840-3, (Presbyt.) 
 
 Warner, Alex. H. N.B.S. 1832, 1. CI. N.B. 1832; Clarkstown, 1832-7, 
 Hackensack, 1837-64, w.c. — 
 
 Warner, Alex. M. N.B.S. 1830. 
 
 Warner, Isaac W. N.B.S 1860, 1. S. CI. N.Y. 1860. 
 
 Warnshuis, John W. R.C. 1805, N.B.S. 1868 1. CI. 1868 ; Cleveland, 1868— 
 
 Watkins, John E. b. at Hamptonburgh, Orange Co. N.Y. 1828, R.C. 1857, 
 
 N.B.S. 1800, 1. CI. Bergen, 1800; sailed for China. 
 
 This beloved young missionary was not permitted to step his foot on hea- 
 then soil. He sailed in the ship Edwin Forrest (which is said to have been 
 unseaworthy,) in August, 1860, and no tidings have ever been received of 
 her fate. He was brought into the church under the ministry of Dr. Scott, 
 of Newark. He began to study comparatively late in life. He was of 
 studious habits and looked forward with joy to his work. He was distin- 
 guished by a wonderful simplicity of character and disposition. He was 
 really childlike in his affections, in the gush of his feelings, and the fresh- 
 ness of his interests in all surrounding objects. He possessed a glori- 
 ous flow of spirits, like a well of water springing up in sparkling and 
 abundant life. He had the heartiest, happiest laugh that one could 
 wish to hear, a laugh without the slightest tinge of sarcasm or self- 
 ishness — just the echo of a cheerful and unclouded spirit. He was 
 
THE MINISTRY. 261 
 
 s'mgnlaily artless — an Israelite in whom was no guile, nor was he less 
 amiable than guileless. He always put a generous construction on the 
 conduct of others, lie was also enthusiastic. He was not only absorbed 
 in his present duties, but ever in a glow about them. Whatever he did, 
 he did with all his might. And in his friendships and affections he was 
 for more fervent and demonstrative than is usual with the sterner se.x. 
 "His love was wonderful, passing the love of women." And all this 
 •warmth of heart was given to his Saviour. He was just as simple-hearted, 
 cheerful, loving, and enthusiastic in his religion as in all things else. Re- 
 ligion was with him no sombre, sour distortion of his nature, nor a mere 
 organ accompaniment and aeolian attachment for the expression of his 
 graver moods. It was the key-note and underlying melody of his life, per- 
 vading all its play and sparkle, all its life and love; ringing in his laugh, 
 as well as shining in his tears, warming his daily speech with kindliness, 
 as well as lifting his secret thoughts in prayer. And he gave the best proof 
 of a heart full of the love of God and man. He presented his body a living 
 sacrifice to his Saviour. "When he began his studies, he had already conse- 
 crated himself to the missionary work. Sad Africa he chose for his field, 
 — Africa, which America had so greatly wronged. The helplessness and 
 debasement of her inhabitants excited the more interest in his benevolent 
 heart. But the providence of God, and the Mission Board of our 
 church, directed him elsewhere. He sailed for China, but his fote remains 
 unchronicletL The deep sea, no doubt, closed over his genial and guileless 
 . heart 
 
 Watsox, Alexander, 1. CI. "Westchester, 185T; Bible Agent, 
 
 Watson, John, R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. N.Y. 1841 ; Athens, 1841-4, 
 Flatbush, (Ulster Co.) 1844-7,— Presbyt, 
 
 Watson, Thos. G. Hob. C. 1857, N.B.S. 1801, 1. CI. Geneva, 1801 ; Cato, 
 1861-3, Cato and Woolcot, 1862-5, Cato, 1865-9, Brighton Ilights, 1869— 
 
 [Weber, John AV. b. in Germany, 1735, c. to America as a school teacher 
 1704, studied theology under Wej^berg, 1. Ger. Coetus, 1771 ; Monroe 
 Co. Pa. 1771-82, Fort Pitt, (Pittsburg,) Ilautolon, Ilempfield, and Mt. 
 Pleasant, Pa., 1783-1816, d.] 
 
 He was obliged to leave his first charges jnMonroejCo. because his people 
 did not sympathize with him in the cause of liberty', in the revolutionary 
 struggle; but his departure, though attended by many subsequent hard- 
 ships, was the means of greatly extending the Reformed Church in Wes- 
 tern Pennsylvania. Great were the hardships which he endured, in set- 
 tling in that remote field, in that early day. The Indians frequently depre- 
 dated on the settlements, and but seldom was his salary fully paid. Yet 
 he remained true to his post, believing that God would provide. He plant- 
 ed new churches in Armstrong, Venango, Butler, and Crawford Cos. His 
 faithfulness in preaching subjected him to much slanderous abuse. He 
 called things by their right names. He was a portly, well-formed man, 
 blessed with a vigorous constitution, and able to undergo a great deal of labor. 
 
262 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 He was of an ardent temperament, free-spoken, clear, and distinct in his 
 enunciation. He had many bitter enemies, who exaggerated his weaknesses, 
 and labored to destroy his influence. But he had also many warm friends, 
 who adhered to him through all his trials. 
 
 Weekstein, Johannes, Kington Sept. 11th, 1681- 7, d. March 17. 
 
 Weidman, Paul, b. 1788, U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. 1820; Scho- 
 harie, 1820-36, Manheim, 1837-41, again, 1841-50, died 1852. 
 He was a man of great excellence of character. He did not take high 
 rank, indeed, as a man of talents or acquirements, or as a preacher ; but he 
 was a useful man and highly respected and esteemed. Those that knew him 
 best loved him most. His strength lay in the moral part. His sincerity, 
 amiability, and piety, were unquestionable and unquestioned, and of a very 
 high order ; and all this gave unusual weight to his preaching and example, 
 upon the community, civil and religious, where he exercised his ministry 
 for several years, and which can hardly be appreciated fully. All this is not 
 a fancy picture, but a known and well-attested reality. The writer of this 
 sketch was intimately acquainted with Mr. Weidman, both in the Col- 
 lege and Theological Seminary, and had an opportunity to know the quali- 
 ties of the man, and cordially pays this short and imperfect tribute to his 
 worth. He regrets that their youthful intimacy was not continued through 
 life, but they were located at a very considerable distance from one 
 another. — 0. L. 
 
 [Weikel, John H. Montgomery Co. Pa. 1776-81.] 
 
 "Weiser, Conrad, a Ref. preacher, who was married in Schoharie, 1720. 
 {See Eager.) 
 
 Weiss, Edward M. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Bergen, 1859 ; (Paterson, Presbyt. 
 1859-G6.) 
 
 Weiss, G corge Michael, lie. and ordained at Heidelberg, 1725; Philadelphia, 
 
 Skippach, and neighboring churches, 1726-9, visited Holland, 1729-30; 
 
 Catskill, (now Leeds,) and Coxsackie, and Dutchess, and Schoharie Cos. 
 
 generally, 1731-6, again in 1744, Rhinebeck, 1742-6, (Old Gosenhoppen, 
 
 and Great Swamp, Pa.) 1746-62, d. 
 
 Weiss or Weitzius, was a native of the Palatinate, on the Rhine. In 
 1727, he, and about 400 emigrants with him, settled in Pennsylvania. He 
 accompanied them by request of his Chassis, that they might not be with- 
 out religious instruction. They were assisted on their way by the Classis 
 of Amsterdam. In 1731, there were no less than 15,000 of these German 
 emigrants in America, having come here to find a peaceful retreat, and to 
 escape oppression. Mr. Weiss settled in Skippach, (about 24 miles west 
 of Philadelphia,) and organized a church. But he alone could do but Httle 
 among these scattered multitudes of his countrymen. In 1728, he asked 
 for help from his own Classis of the Palatinate. They were themselves, 
 however, under persecution, (the churches under the cross,) and could do 
 
THE MINISTRY. 263 
 
 nothing, but referred the case to the S^-nocl of Holland. This was the first 
 step in that supervision so long exercised by the Classis of Amsterdam over 
 the German Churches in America. In 1729, he went to Holland with J. 
 Reif, elder, to solicit aid. Large contributions were made, but mostly 
 stolen by Reif. In 1707, £135 were recovered — a small portion only of 
 the whole amount given. In 1731, or before, AVeiss returned to America,. 
 but now settled among the Germans in New-York, laboring chiefly in Scho- 
 harie and Dutchess Counties. But in twelve or fourteen years he was 
 compelled to flee, on account of Indian depredations, to Pennsylvania. 
 Here difficulties with an irregularly licensed preacher embittered his life. 
 In Sept. 17-40, Schlatter arrived, a messenger and deputy from Holland. He 
 labored diligently to establish peace and order, and Weiss was present at 
 the first German ecclesiastical assemblj', in Philadelphia, (Oct. 12, 17-4G.) 
 Ultimately the strife was allayed. He continued to preach to three congre- 
 gations west of Philadelphia about fourteen years. For a couple of years prior 
 to death, infirmities increased upon him. His age at death was probably 
 not more than G5. In 1730, he was spoken of as a bright young man, a 
 fine scholar, speaking Latin like his vernacular tongue. His ministrations 
 were considerably blessed. He left no children. 
 
 TVeisgotten, Z. 1855. 
 
 Welch, Raxsom B. U.O. 1846, Gilboa, 1855-6, Catskill, 185G-9, w. c. 
 Prof, in Union Col. 1860— 
 
 Welius, Everardus, New-Amstel, 1057-9, d. 
 
 Wells, Cor. L. (s. of Ransford Wells,) R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Scho- 
 harie, 1855 ; Niskayuna, and Lishas Kill, 1855-8, Jersey City 3d, 1858- 
 62, Flatbush, 1862— 
 
 Wells, Ransford, R.C. 1827, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. 1830; Canajoharie, 1830- 
 4, Newark, 1835-42, Sec. Bd. Missions, 1842-4, Schoharie, 1844-57, Ful- 
 tonville, 1857-68, w. c. 
 
 Wells, Theodore W. (s. of Ransford Well,) R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865 ; 1. CL 
 Montgomery, 1865, Bergen-Neck, 1865 — 
 
 WExrscn, John, 1. S.Cl. N.Y. 1860 ; Newtown 2d, and Astoria, (Ger.) 1865- 
 6, West-Newark, (Ger.) 1867— 
 
 West, Jacob, R.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Albany, 1845; Middleburgh, 
 1845-52, Piermont 1st, 1852-6. East-Brooklyn, 1856-08, Cor. Sec. Bd. 
 Dom. Miss. 1868 — 
 
 Westbrook, Cor. D. b. at Rochester, N. Y. 1782, U.C. 1801, studied under 
 Dirck Romeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1804; Fishkill, 1806-30, Ed. Christian In- 
 telligencer, 1830-3, Rector of Gr. Schools at N.B. 1833-6, Corllandtown, 
 1830-50, d. 1858. 
 
 He was descended on his paternal side from the Puritans, and on the ma- 
 ternal from the Huguenots. His father served his country in the Revolu- 
 
264 THE MINISTKT, 
 
 tion. His mother died, leaving him a frail infant, the object of constant 
 solicitude. 
 
 The distinguishing feature of his mind was its originality. There was a 
 freshness, a sort of child-like wonder in his mind, in viewing a subject. He 
 viewed it as if he had never been told how it appeared to others. Nor did 
 he much regard the impression it had made on others, in forming his own 
 opinions of it. He cared little for the authority of great names. He was 
 a bold thinker, and his views on many mooted questions, and on prophecy, 
 of which he was an enthusiastic student, were often striking and highly 
 original. He also possessed a remarkable quickness of mental capacity — 
 both quickness of apprehension, and conclusion. His judgment was in- 
 stantaneous, and he would leap into the middle of a subject, to approve or 
 condemn, almost before the statement of it was concluded. His mind was 
 capable of great concentration and intense action. He was capable of con- 
 ducting a connected and logical argument, but he was not fond, of it. He 
 would not submit to the restraint of rigid and fixed rules in any thing. His 
 arguments, though striking and convincing, were seldom strictly deductive. 
 They did not gradually accumulate strength, but fell in successive and rapid 
 blows. 
 
 In character, he was notably disinterested — one of the most unselfish of 
 men. lie would sacrifice his time, comfort, and means, for the sake of 
 serving a friend. There was no calculation in his friendships, but they 
 were led by the native sympathies of his generous soul, and were really 
 prized by him as a means of advancing the interests and happiness of 
 others. 
 
 He was unambitious — was a peacemaker, always looked on the bright 
 side of things, was entirely simple-hearted, devoid of intrigue, and his be- 
 nevolence was only limited by his means. Patriotism was with him a pas- 
 sion. His learning was varied and extensive, but not exhaustive on any 
 special topic. He had a remarkable fondness for the natural sciences, some- 
 times even delivering scientific lectures. His illustrations of the character 
 and government of God were draw-n from the facts and laws of nature. His 
 theological knowledge was rather the result of intense thought upon par- 
 ticular points, from a hasty, vigorous, and enthusiastic investigation, than of 
 connected study. This appeared sometimes to give an appearance of ec- 
 centricity, and variance from established views, in his opinions. His habit 
 of study was topical, following his own taste on the pressure of present 
 exigencies. His whole nature was impulsive, not methodical or confined 
 by the necessities of system, which he could never brook. 
 
 In the pulpit he was dignified and impressive, though perfectly natural, 
 and wholly devoid of all tricks of oratory and false solemnity. He usually 
 preached without a manuscript. His themes were not abstract or doctrinal, 
 in the common acceptance of those words, but ran in aline of noble thoughts 
 connected with man's true destiny, and the means ordained for its realiza- 
 tion. He loved to expatiate on the power, wisdom, and goodness of God, 
 in his works and grace. These themes absorbed his being. His effort was 
 
THE MINISTRY. 265 
 
 to convey his own thoughts into the minds of his auditors. To this result 
 every power of his being was made to contribute. Ilis voice, deliberate 
 and distinct, was charged in its every variance and intonation with his 
 thoughts ; his gesture was unstudied, but was natural and appropriate to the 
 sentiment; and his eye labored to looh the intelligence of his own views, 
 the animation of his own feelings, the ardor of his own soul, into the minds 
 and hearts ofhis congregation.- Animated inaction, and with much variety 
 of utterance,he forgot himself,and poured out his theme — illustrated through 
 its whole length with shining thoughts, and gems from the depths of his 
 own mind, replete with pithy expressions and beautiful sentiments — full 
 upon the minds and hearts of his interested hearers. The analysis was not 
 very strict, and the discourse not greatly characterized by unity or complete 
 symmetry of proportion, bat rather by a succession of striking and sug- 
 gestive thoughts, the elevation of its sentiment, and the largeness of its 
 views. 
 
 He was singularly happy in prayer. His mode of expression was his 
 own, and he failed not to appreciate the circumstances and catch the spirit 
 of special occasions. There was no stereotyped phraseology, but his 
 thouglits were fresh, admirably expressing the thanks and petitions of the 
 moment, while also reverential and devout. "When the veterans of 1812 
 visited the grave of Washington, in 1855, and, with the oflBcers of the gov- 
 ernment, stood around that sacred spot. Dr. Westbrook, who was their 
 chaplain, was asked to pray. He did so, and with such appropriateness, 
 power, and feeling as to leave no ej-e unmoistened in that venerable and 
 dignified assemblj'. 
 
 He had a strong passion for social life, and its enjoyments. His path was 
 simple, direct, and child-like. He was humble and modest, and guileless as 
 a child. He was always a boy. The freshness, the honest impulsiveness, 
 the unsophisticated heart of boyhood, were his to the last. The dew of 
 youth rested on his maturest years and labors, and gave beauty and fra- 
 grance to a green old age. A sweet siinplicit}', destitute of pride, of exclu- 
 sive notions, of selfish scheming, made him lovely to look upon, in a foi> 
 mal, cold, self-serving world. 
 
 "Westerlo, Eilardus, (s. of Rev. Isaac "Westerlo, pastor at Groningen,) b. at 
 Groningen, Holland, 1738, Groningen University, lie. ITGO ; Albany, 
 1700-90, d. Also su Implied, quarterl}^, Schaghticoke. 
 He had just been licensed in Holland, when a call arrived from the church 
 of Albany. He sustained a high character for early attainments and fair 
 promise. He was accordingly selected for this important field, second only 
 to New-York, though only twenty-two years of age. He at once gained 
 the character of an accomplished gentlemen, a good scholar, and a sedulous 
 student. His preaching was characterized by careful preparation, and able 
 exposition. But while his ability and the soundness of his views were con- 
 fessed, the more pious part of the church felt it desirable that a more direct, 
 practical, and experimental character might be given to it. A little praying 
 
206 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 band carried him and his ministry to a throne of grace. (1768.) Soon after, 
 his mind became deeply impressed with a sense of the responsibility of his 
 ministerial office, and with a conflict as to his spiritual state. He then 
 sought free and intimate intercourse with this band, and, in the result, the 
 light and power of the Gospel penetrated his soul more clearly and pre- 
 ciously. His preaching still exhibited the same thorough preparation and 
 intellectual vigor, but became more distinguished by .spiritual unction, and 
 discriminating application of divine truth to the various classes of hearers. 
 Thus while his preaching attracted and gratified the more cultivated of his 
 hearers, he became more and more the favorite of plain and experienced 
 Christians. The influence of his ministry gradually increased and diff"used. 
 The neighboring churches sought his council and services, and were crown- 
 ed with blessings. He was wise in council, and conciliating and peaceful in 
 his spirit and course. In the Coetus and Conferentie strife, his influence 
 was to soothe and heal. He arrived at the hottest period of the strife, and 
 gained the respect and confidence of both parties, though known to be 
 favorable to the Coetus. In the Revolution, he espoused the principles of 
 the whigs, and boldly avowed them, and consistently adhered to them. 
 
 In 1777, when Burgoyne with his hostile army was moving toward Albany 
 from the North, amid the general terror that prevailed among the friends of 
 liberty, he appeared calm and serene. He prudently conducted his family 
 to a place of safety, but returned to Albany himself, directed the doors of 
 his church to be opened, where prayers were offered in behalf of his coun- 
 try's cause, while he exhorted the remaining members. This was continued 
 till Burgoyne with his army became prisoners of war. He was assisted in 
 these services by Dr. Livingston, who was a brother-in-law. In 1782, when 
 General Washington visited Albany, he delivered the address of welcome. 
 He derived much pleasure from an extensive correspondence with several 
 eminent ministers of his own and of other denominations. Among these 
 were Livingston, Laidlie, Meyer, Rodgers, Mason, and Stiles. The latter 
 was the President of Yale College, and well known as an antiquary and 
 scholar of various learning. He corresponded with him in Latin, and even 
 occasionally in Hebrew. Dr. S. came to Albany to visit him once, but Dr. 
 W. was in New-York, and these great men never met each other. Dr. S. 
 said of him that he wrote Latin in greater purity than any man he had ever 
 known. In few men did greater and more amiable qualities unite. His last 
 sickness affected his mind and rendered him melancholy for a while, but 
 his mind became again serene, and he was cheerful and happy. A little be- 
 fore his death, his house was filled with his people, who came from all parts 
 of the city to see him, and he left them with his blessing, in such a solemn 
 manner that it was thought that he did as much good in his death as in 
 his life. — See Dr. Rogers's Historical Discourse. 
 
 "Westervelt, John p. enters the independent Seceder Ch. 1842; Johnstown 
 and Mayfield, 1845-55, became Presbyt. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 2G7 
 
 Wcstcrvclt, Ralph, (son-in-law of S. Froeli;^h,) studied under his father- 
 in-law, 1. CI. Paramus, 1801 ; Rochester, Wawarsing, 1802-8, and Clove, 
 1807-8, Bethlehem and Cocymans, 1808-lG, Wynantskill, 181G-22, d. 
 while preparing to secede. 
 
 TVestervclt, Sam. D. N.Y.U. 1839, 1. bySeceders, 1839; New-York, 1839- 
 50, became a Presbyt. 
 
 Weltvefr, Adiuan, E.g. 18G5, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. Holland, 1808; "\Ves- 
 terlo, 1868— 
 
 Westfall, Bcnj. B. b. at Claverack, 1798, U.C. 1823, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N. 
 B. 1820 ; Miss, at Sand Beach, 1827-8, Rochester and Clove, 1828-3-4, 
 Rochester, 1834-8, Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 1838^4, d. 
 He was brought up on a farm, and, while still a youth, had such deep 
 convictions of sin, that he would lie down in the furrow to get out of sight. 
 In the nine years of his settlement in Ulster Co., about 300 were brought 
 into the church under his ministry. In Montgomery Co., where were his 
 second charges, during the excessive labors and anxieties of a precious re- 
 vival, he was seized with disease, which resulted in his death, lie possess- 
 ed great firmness, and was unyielding in regard to truth, yet he was far 
 from being dogmatical or exclusive, so as to wish to unchurch those who 
 did not agree with liim. He was a rigid Calvinist in his theology, yet a 
 warm advocate of revivals of religion. His own zeal was untiring in seek- 
 ing to save souls, and he mourned over the lukewarmness of both ministers 
 and people. His sermons breathed his own high convictions of truth, and 
 he aimed at the understandings and consciences of his hearers. His soul 
 travailed in birth for his people, that Christ might be formed in them, the 
 hope of glory. 
 
 Westfall, Simon V. E. b. at Rhinebeck, 1802, R.O. 1831, N.B.S. 1834, I.Cl. 
 
 Rensselaer,1834, Hyde Park, 183-^7, Union and Salem, 1837-47, Miss. 
 
 in Illinois, 1847-8, Pekin, 1849-53, Vanderveer, 1853, Pekin, 1853-0, d. 
 
 After a long, arduous, and discouraging effort to build up an eminent 
 Dutch Church in the young city of Pekin, 111., he returned to his native 
 East, to spend his declining days. Barely settled in his new home, and 
 engaged to supply the 2d Church of Rotterdam, on a certain Sabbath, he 
 was taken sick on the Saturday evening preceding, ^ and died in the house 
 of the elder with whom he stayed. "Ecstasy! ecstasy!" was repeatedly 
 uttered by him, in his sickness, while vi.sions of glory passed before his 
 mind. He was a man of settled purpose, inflexible integrity, of a modest 
 and diffident spirit, clear in personal piety, diligent in study and adminis- 
 tration, tender and faithful in pastoral labors, enjoying the confidence of 
 his brethren and commanding the respect of the world. 
 
 [Weyberg, Ca.sparus Diederus ; Easton, Pa. Ap.-Oct. 1703, Philadelphia, 
 
 1703-90, d.] 
 
 He was a Swiss by birth, and after being educated in Europe, came as a 
 minister to this country, about 1763. He left Easton so soon on account of 
 
268 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 the large size of the circuit. But in Philadelphia he found sad feuds in 
 the congregation. The previous pastorates had been brief. The church 
 was the reproach of the world. But with his arrival, peace and prosperity 
 began. lie was a warm patriot and defender of the cause of liberty in the 
 Revolutionary struggle. He became a chaplain in the army. When the 
 British held Philadelphia, he preached to the Hessian troops, and boldly 
 vindicated the American cause. He denounced the wickedness of the 
 oppressors. Not a few of the Hessian troops deserted the British flag, 
 through his preaching. He was cast into prison, and his church was used 
 as a hospital. 
 
 He was remarkable for his calm determination. He took an independent 
 course in his ministry, not caring for the judgment of men. He was an 
 earnest preacher, though with an impediment in his voice. 
 
 [Weyberg, Philip. In Pennsylvania, 176.-7. .] 
 
 [Weymer, Jacob, Heidelberg, Lyntown, Albany, Greenwich, and Lowhill, 
 Pa. 1770-1, Conogocheague and Hagerstown, Md. 1771-90, d. Also 
 organized and served Chambersburg, 1784-5,] 
 
 Whitbeck, Andrew, studied under Livingston ? 1. 18 . . 
 
 WniTBECK, John, R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 18-40, 1. CI. N.B. 1840; Waterford, 
 1841-8, Arcadia, 1849-52, Caroline, 1852-08. 
 
 Whitbeck, R. M. R.C. 1859, KB.S. 1862, l.Cl. N.B. 1802 ; Mapletown, (and 
 S.S. Buel, Presbyt.) 1863-4, Tyre, 1865-8. 
 
 White, Erskine N. from Presbt. N.Y. 1858 ; Richmond, S. I. 1858-02, (New- 
 Rochelle, Huguenot Ch.) 1862— 
 
 White, Geo. W.C. 1861, Aub. S. 1864, 1. Presby. of Cayuga, 1863 ; Schagh- 
 ticoke, 1864 — 
 
 Whitehead, Chas. b. 1801, D.C. 1823, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 
 1826; (Batavia Presb. 1827-8,) Hopewell, 1828-35, Somerville 2d, 
 1835-9, Fishkill, Presbt. 1840-2,) Walden, 1842-9, Houston St. N.Y.O. 
 1849, Poughkeepsie, 2d, 1849-52, Washington Heights, 1853-61, Chap- 
 lain in City Hospital, 1861 — 
 
 Whiting, .... Princetown, 18. . — 1822 ? became a Baptist. 
 
 Wiggins, Ebenezer, U.N.Y. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. 1837; Totowa, 
 1837-56, Manhattan, N.Y.C. 1857— 
 
 Wiley, Chas. Utica, 1846,-54, Geneva, 1860-5, w. c. 
 
 Will, Peter, (London, Eng. 17 . .-1802,) Ger. Ref. N.Y. C. 1802-4, returned 
 to Europe. 
 
 Willets, Alphonso A. From M.E. Church 1849 ; Philadelphia 1st, 1849-60, 
 Brooklyn, 1860-65, Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 1865-66, (Arch St. Philadel- 
 phia, Presbyt.) 1866— 
 
 Williams, Melancthon B. C.N.J. 1814; Lysander, 1834-7. 
 
TUE MINISTRY. 2G9 
 
 Williamson, Geo. R. b. at CaklwoU, N.Y. 1823, R.C. 1840, N.B.S. 1843, 1. 
 CI. N.Y. 1843; Ghent 2d, 1844-8, Newark, 2d, 1848-1), Amity, 
 1849-52, died, Sept. 4, caused by explosion of boiler, on steamboat Rein- 
 deer. 
 
 He was a man of earnest spirit, of sound faith, and of pious life, remarka- 
 bly conscientious in dut}^, zealous for God's glory and tlio edification of 
 the church ; pure and delicate as a woman ; of sweet disposition, yet Arm 
 and manly in his devotion to truth and right. He was industrious as a 
 student and writer. His discourses were eminently serious, practical, and 
 instructive. He had a well-balanced mind, a discriminating judgment, and 
 a rich command of language. He was a brother universally beloved. But 
 he was cut off in the flower of his days, by the explosion of the boiler, on 
 the steamboat Reindeer, his wife and child receiving fetal injuries at the 
 same time. His death was a triumph of Christian faith. He was author of 
 the Life of Iici\ David Aheel, his uncle. — See Memorial Sermons, in Cy- 
 irress Wreath. 
 
 Williamson N. DuBois, R.C. 1840, N.B.S, 1843, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1843; 
 Pckin, 1848-9, Cicero, 1849-50, Chatham, 1850-1, Glenville, 2d, 1851-5, 
 Wawarsing, 1855-61, Pekin, (S.S.) 1861-2, Chicago, Livingston Ch. 
 1862-4, Havana, (S.S.) 1866, Sab. School Miss. 1866 — 
 
 Williamson, Peter S. C.N.J. 1824, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1834; 
 Rockaway, 1835-9, Brooklyn 4th, (Wallabout,) 1841-2, teaching atScho- 
 dack Academy, 1843, at Belleville, 1843-6, at Jamaica, 1840,-52, at San 
 Francisco, 1852 — 
 
 Willis, Ralph, R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1842; Beth- 
 lehem, 1842-51, Freehold 1st, 1851-68, supplying Spotswood, 1SG8. 
 
 fWilly, 1780? inG.KC] 
 
 [Willy, Bernhard F. b. in Switzerland; c. to America, 1784; Reading, Pa. 
 1785-6, AVoodstock, Va. independent, 1786 ?-1810, d.] 
 
 Wilson, Ab. D. Q.C. 1811, N.B.S. 1815, 1. CI. N.B. 1815; New-Prospect, 
 and Shawangunk, 1816-29, North-Branch, 1831-7, Miss, to Illinois, 
 1837-41, Fail-view, 1841-56, w. c. 
 
 Wilson, Ces. W. N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Geneva, 1863 ; Miss, to Kewascum, 
 1864-7, to Two-Rivers, 1867— 
 
 Wilson, Fked. F. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Raritan, 1862 ; Glenville, 
 2d, 1864— 
 
 Wilson, Hugh N. C.N.J. 1830, P.S. 1834, (South-Hampton, L.T. 1834-. ., 
 Hackettstown, N.J. 18.. -58, Presbyt.) New-Brunswick 2d, 1858-62 
 Presbyt. 
 
 Wilson, Jas. B. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.B. 1851 ; Long-Branch, 
 1851— 
 
270 THE MIXISTRT. 
 
 Wilson, Joseph, N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; (Middletown and Cantivell's 
 Bridge, Presbyt, of New-Oastle, 1832-30, Greenbush Village, Presbyt. 
 1830-2,) Westerlo, 1832-4, Athens, 1834-6, Fairfield and Little-Falls, 
 1838-45, Tarrytown, 1845-9, Fairfield, 1849— 
 
 Wilson, Peter Q.. . KC. 1858, N.B.S. 18G1, 1. CI. Raritan, 18G1 ; Green- 
 bush, 18G1-5, w.c. 
 
 [Winckhaus, John H. b. in Prussia, 1758, University of Duisburg, 1779, 1. 
 1779, (Berchum, in Limburg, Prussia, 1780-2;) c. to America, 1784; 
 Worcester, Whitpain and New-Providence, Pa, 1784-7, Philadelphia, 
 1790-3, d.] 
 
 Winfield, Aaron B. b. at Montague, N.J. 1815. B.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. 
 CI. Orange, 1842 ; (Friendsville, Pa. Presbyt.) 1842-4, Sand-Beach, 1844- 
 51, Paramus, 1851-6, Emeritus, d. 
 
 His paternal ancestors were English ; his maternal, of Hollandish descent. 
 They were among the sturdy pioneers who settled the Shawangunk valley. 
 He was brought into the church at the early age of seventeen under the 
 pastoral care of Rev. CO. Eltinge, then ministering at Port Jervis. He felt 
 deeply the influences of the powerful revival in New-Brunswick, in 1837, 
 and was the means of transmitting some of those blessed influences to his 
 own home on the Delaware, by giving an account of them to the people. 
 By simple statements about them, at prayer-meetings, without a single ser- 
 mon, there were eleven hopeful conversions. During his last year in the 
 seminary, his severe application to study broke down his health, and his 
 subsequent abundant labors, preaching or speaking often every day in the 
 week during his first settlement, did not improve it. He was an earnest 
 and powerful preacher. His appeals to the conscience and heart were direct 
 and faithful, impressive and often awakening. Ready in the Scriptures, 
 gifted and forcible in his reasonings, striking in his illustrations, and natur- 
 ally eager for his object, he often poured forth a stream of startling truth, 
 sending joy or terror to the heart. He proclaimed his convictions of truth 
 and duty regardless of the applause or frown of men. 
 
 Winter, Egbert, R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. 01. Holland, 1863 ; Cudde- 
 backville, 1863-6, Pella 1st, 1866— 
 
 [Wirtz, John Conrad, c. to America before 1746 ; Sancon, and Springfield, 
 Pa. 1746-9, Rockaway and Valley, N.J. 1750-62, York, Pa. 1762-3, d.] 
 Born in Zurich, Switzerland, he came to America before 1746, and, unli- 
 censed, preached to the people, at their earnest solicitation, that they might 
 not be altogether destitute of the word of life. He frankly stated the cir- 
 cumstances to Schlatter, and asked for a regular induction to the ministry. 
 This he failed to obtain from Schlatter. The Presbytery of New-Bruns- 
 wick finally ordained him (1752) over the church of Rockaway, which had 
 sought their care and government. In York, his last settlement, tradition 
 
THE MINISTRY. 271 
 
 has preserved his name in good savor, as an earnest and pious minister. 
 At the hiying of the corner-stone of his new church, at York, he said, " Tn 
 the church now to be erected, may piety preside, holiness reign, truth ever 
 prevail, love and harmony dwell, that the congregation may uninterrupted- 
 ly flourish." — Uarhaugh's Lives. 
 
 Wiseman, John, from Ind. Ch. England, 1851, S.S. Stone House Plains, 
 
 1851-2. 
 
 [Wissler, , c. to America, 1752, d.] 
 
 [Witner, John George, Upper Milford, Pa. and Salzburgh, 1771-9, d.] 
 
 TToltman, Harm, II. C. 18G6, student in U.S., 1809. 
 
 "Wood, Joel, Fort Miller, 18-10-5, d. Had been a Miss, to Indians. 
 
 WooDBRiDGE, Samuel M., N.Y.U. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. L.I. 1841 ; 
 South-Brooklyn, 184-1-50, Coxsackie 2d, 1850-2, New-Brunswick 2d, 
 1852-7, Prof. Ecc. Hist, and Ch. Gov. in N.B.S. 1857— Also Prof. Ment. 
 Phil, in R.C. 1857. 
 
 ■\Yoodhull, Selah Strong, b. in N.Y.C. 1786, C.C. and Y.C. 1802, studied un- 
 der his uncle. Dr. "Woodhull, of Freehold, and at P.S. 1. Presbyt. N.B. 
 1805 ; (Bound Brook, Presbyt.) 1805-6, Brooklyn, 1806-25, Prof. Ecc. 
 Hist, in N.B.S. and of Metaphysics and Philosophy in R.C. 1825-6, d. 
 He was the impersonation of activitj% decision, energy, and persevering 
 industry ; you could see all this in his very expression and manner. His 
 motto seemed to be onward and onward, still further upward and upward, 
 still higher. He seemed to say in his every movement, life admits not of 
 amusement, or of procrastination, or even of useless speculation. He was 
 everywhere the thorough man of business, the thoroughly practical man. 
 It is said of him, that, even when leaving his home for recreation, he pro- 
 vided himself with texts, pens, ink, and paper, that he might spend some of 
 his time in the composition of sermons, and be beforehand with his work. 
 His remarks to the students when meeting them for the first time after his 
 inauguration as professor in the theological seminary, throw light upon his 
 character, "Young gentlemen, you must expect while under my charge to 
 study hard, and I will set you an example." The example was before them 
 but a short time. The professor of much promise and lofty aspirations was 
 very soon laid low by disease, resulting in death. The church expected 
 much from him, and on good grounds ; but God had ordered it otherwise. 
 Had he been permitted to live and to retain his health, he would have effect- 
 ed much. — G. L. 
 
 Wood.«, John, Gibbonsville, 1835-6, Montville, 1838, S.S. at Preakness, Dec. 
 18-42-June, 18-43. 
 
 TYolff, W. from Germany, 1853, S.S. Jeffersonville, 1853^, Naumbcrg,and 
 New-Bremen, 1856-60, Miss, tollackensack 3d, 1802, Warren and Plain- 
 field, 1805-6. 
 
272 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 WoRTMAN, Dexis, A.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1860; 
 South-Bushwick, 1860-3, Philadelphia 3d, 1863-5, Schenectady 1st, 
 1865— 
 
 ["Wuert, John C. from Switzerland ; Lehigh Co. Pa. 1742-4.] 
 
 WuRTZ, Wm. a. LaFayette Col. N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI Philadelphia, 1862 ; 
 Canastota, Feb. 1863-8, w. c. 
 
 WusT, W. C. from Holland; Buffalo, (IIol.) 1855-6, Rochester, 1856-64, 
 Lodi, N. J. 1864-8, suspended. 
 
 Wyckoff, a. N. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Raritan, 1867 ; Glenham, 
 
 1867— 
 
 WyckofT, Ab. V. b. in New-Brunswick, 1823, B.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. 
 N.B. 1845; Prattsville 1846-51, Greenburgh, 1851-2, died Oct. 20th. 
 
 Wyckoff, Cor. R.C. 183.5, N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1838; North- 
 umberland, 1838-41, Rochester, 1841-65, High Bridge, 1866-9, w. c. 
 
 TVyckoff, De Witt B. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865 ; 1. CI. Kingston, 1865 ; 
 Woodstock, 1865— 
 
 WyckofF, Henry V. studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798 ; Charlestown, 
 1799-1803? Charleston 2d, 1803-20, suspended; 1822, seceded; 
 Charleston 2d, Sec. 1822-9, Charleston Independent, 1829-1830 d. about 
 1830. 
 
 Wyckofif, Isaac N. b. near Millstone, N.J., 1792, R.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1817, 
 I. CI. N.B. 1817; Catskill, 1817-36, Albany 2d, 1836-66, d. 1869. 
 /' He began the study of the classics under Rev. John M. Van Harlingen, of 
 Millstone, in 1806. His father dying when he had only begun his studies, 
 he was thrown very much on his own resources. He taught and labored, 
 to supply the necessary means for his education. While in the Seminary, 
 he also was principal of a Young Ladies' School, in New-Brunswick. In 
 the ministry he was most active, energetic, and devoted. While in his 
 first charge, greatly through his efforts, he had the satisfaction of seeing 
 four new churches organized, contiguous to his own field. During his 
 thirty j-ears of service at Albany, he received more than a thousand into 
 the communion of the church. He was especially noted for his kind offices 
 to all in need of consolation or advice. His opinion was sought after by all 
 classes. He gladly left his study and his books, to do any favor possible, 
 even for the humblest. He was well acquainted with the personal, mental, 
 moral, and social condition of his numerous flock. He was, moreover, the 
 unwearied friend of the more recent Holland immigrants, many of whom 
 are greatly indebted to him for his opportune advice and assistance. He 
 was also ever foremost among the friends of every benevolent institution. 
 For the last twenty years of his active life, he was the earnest, faithful, 
 committee-man. Not a few young men were also indebted to his kindly 
 assistance in reaching the ministry. 
 
-n|VAHRitcii- 
 
THE MINISTRY. 273 
 
 He was a maa of simple, honest, cheerful, unaffected piety. There was 
 nothing sour or repulsive in his composition. Gloom and austerity were 
 not ingredients in his religion. Being a Christian disciple without reserve, 
 he rejoiced to know and do his Master's will. His cheerfulness, his self- 
 control, his patience, his charit}', all were tried, as God tries the graces of 
 all his people ; but it was plain to those who knew him best, that in the 
 sunshine and in the shade, he could "sing songs of holy ecstasy, to waft 
 him to the skies." 
 
 Ilis home he made a Iietliel. Ilis hospitalitj'- was unbounded. Stran- 
 gers and friends were welcome to his board, but none ever passed his thresh- 
 old, to converse M'ith him in the seclusion of his abode, without feeling 
 that they had communed with a man who walked with God. 
 
 To him religion was not a pack to be carried on bent shoulders, and 
 opened now and then for exhibition to the curious, but an inward fountain, 
 always running and always clear. The spontaneity of his Aiith precluded 
 the indulgence of mere cant. The light of the cross was on his brow, and 
 the breath of Olivet animated his speech. He seldom or never made harsh 
 and uncharitable remarks concerning others. A shrewd observer and a 
 discriminating judge of conduct, still such was the habit of his heart that 
 even in cases where he had suffered injury, he strove to find some room 
 for the exercise of patient charity. To hear him pray in his family circle 
 was to be borne up to the mount of vision. Then the Aither's heart mounted 
 to the prophet's lips, and he seemed to converse with God — as friend holds 
 fellowship with friend. In all his domestic regulations, there was a savor 
 of heaven, and none could see him in the quiet ways of his household 
 without saying, " There is a man who lives his religion, and whose religion 
 is his life." 
 
 He was preeminently a biblical preacher, combining the doctrinal, 
 practical, and experimental. His jierson, voice, manner, and matter were 
 striking, and accordingly he took a front rank among the leading pulpit 
 divines of the State of New-York. His style of composition was picturesque, 
 and on this account there seemed to be in his sermons, at times, a contest 
 between imagination and the logic of homely words. But every discour.se 
 was directedto the great end of all right and good preaching, namely, the in- 
 struction and edification of the hearer. He studied to make the AVord of 
 "God the foundation of every discourse. As a rule, his sermons were clear 
 and powerful applications of truth to the hearts, consciences, and judgments 
 of his congregation. 
 
 He published several sermons, addresses, and articles on special subjects 
 for the newspapers and magazines. The Columlla County Pre(ichei\ the 
 National Preacher^ and the archives of several institutions, contain man}'' 
 of his published productions. He was a copious contributor to the Annals 
 of the American, Pulpit^ by Dr. Sprague. — Memorial Sermon hj E. S. P. 
 
 Wyckoff, Jacob S. B.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1850, 1. S. CI. L. I. 185G ; Colt'a 
 Neck, 1850-05, South AVest-Troy, 1805— 
 18 
 
274 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 Wtckoff, Jas. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Geneva, 1864; Queens, 
 1864— 
 
 Wyckoff, Theodore F. b. at Catskill, 1820, (son of I. N. Wyckoff,) R.C. 
 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Albany, 1842 ; Ghent 2d, 1843-4, South West- 
 Troy, 1845-54, St. Thomas, W. I. 1854-5, d. Jan. 19. 
 He was distinguished for the mental graces with which he was adorned, 
 the faithfulness with which his pastoral duties were discharged, for the gen- 
 tleness of his disposition, the amenity of his manners, and the eminent 
 social qualities which endeared him to the high and low, the rich and poor. 
 He was also a finished scholar. His passionate love of his Maker's works, 
 his high appreciation of the beautiful in art, were sources of unbounded 
 pleasure to him — a pleasure which he often imparted to others with his 
 facile pen. His contributions to the press, as well as his public addresses, 
 evidenced a refined taste and a highly cultivated mind, vi'inning him a high 
 position for one of his years. His health led him to settle in the West- 
 Indies, but in a few weeks he was stricken down by the yellow fever and 
 died. 
 
 Wynkoop, Jefferson, U.C. 1819, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; West 
 New-Hempstead and Ramapo, 1825-36, Athens, 1838-40, (Presbyt. 
 1840-54,) w.c. 1854— 
 
 Wynkoop, Peter S. b. at Kingston, 1787, U.C. 1807, N.B.S. 1813, 1. CI. N.B. 
 
 1813; assistant of Vredenburgh, at Raritan, 1813-14, Catskill, 1814-17, 
 \ Hyde Park, (Staatsburgh,) 1817-20, Hyde Park and Pleasant Plain, 
 
 1820-2, Ghent and Hillsdale 1822-40, Ghent and Claverack 2d, 1840-3, 
 
 Blooming Grove, 1844r-8, d. 
 
 He pursued the study of the law, and began to practice his profession in 
 1810, but about this time his heart was touched by grace, and he promptly 
 and cheerfully relinquished the prospect of worldly honor and emolument, 
 and gave himself to the ministry. His labors were largely blessed. His 
 views of divine truth were clear and discriminating ; his faith was the result 
 of intelligent conviction, and he was firm in his adherence to it. There 
 was no tendency in his mind to indulge in novel speculations. Intent on 
 the great objects of the ministry, realizing that he watched for souls, as one 
 that must give account, his talents and time were not wasted on questions 
 of doubtful disputation, which minister strife but do not edify. He practi- 
 cally adopted the resolution of the apostle to know nothing but Christ. 
 His discourses were constructed with a constant regard to the spiritual 
 interests of his flock. As a vigilant observer of circumstances which aid 
 the impression of truth, he exhibited skill in giving to each his portion in 
 due season. His earnestness of manner indicated that it was the utterance 
 of truth which had its residence in the heart, and that, as he believed, he 
 spoke. His hearers were regarded as hastening to the reti-ibution of the 
 eternal state, and his aim was, by the manifestation of truth, to commend 
 himself to every man's conscience in the sight of God. He was faithful 
 
THE MINISTRY, 275 
 
 and diligent in the cultivation of personal piety ; he was accustomed to a 
 strict scrutin}' of his heart, bringing himself to the oracles of God, as a stand 
 ard b}' which his spiritual character was to be determined. He was a man 
 of prayer. lie was accustomed to retire and seek at his Father's throne the 
 anointings of the Spirit, which invigorated his own soul, and infused a spir- 
 itual fragrance through his ministry and life. His walk was close with 
 God. His meditations of him were sweet, filling up many of his hours. 
 At noon, as well as at evening and morning, he bowed at the family altar. 
 He was strictly conscientious, even to personal sacrifices. His time, his 
 powers, his influence, were unreservedly and fully consecrated to God. No 
 motives of personal ambition or advancement found place in his heart. — 
 Memorial Sei'inon by B. H. 
 
 (\Tynkoop, Richard, C.C. 1819, N.B.S. 1822, 1. by Presbyt. ; Miss, to Cato 
 1827, d. 1842.) 
 
 Yasadias, V. studied under the Missionaries in India, 1. CI. Arcot, 1867. 
 
 Yates, Andrew, b. in Schenectady, 1772, Y.C. 1793, studied theology under 
 Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1796 ; Prof. Latin and Greek in Union College, 
 1797-1801, (East-Hartford Cong. 1801-14,) Prof. Mental and Moral Phi- 
 losophy, Union College, 1814-25, Prin. of High School at Chittenango, 
 1825-36, the helper of feeble churches, 1836-44, d. 
 
 With frequent interruptions in his earlier studies from feeble health, he 
 still persevered and graduated with honor. No man had a more exalted 
 idea of the duties of the sacred oflBce, and few have performed these duties 
 with greater fidelity or success. He was afraid to offend God, and this 
 made him fearless of men. Hence he never entered into a compromise 
 with error or wickedness. What he believed to be true and right, he open- 
 ly proclaimed. Yet all he did was done with so kind a spirit that however 
 much men might disagree with him, they never doubted that his conduct 
 was dictated by uprightness and affection. During his pastoral relation, 
 frequent and powerful revivals of religion were enjoyed, and, indeed, at no 
 time were wanting the pleasing manifestations of the Spirit's presence. 
 He also trained a number of young men in theological studies, besides his 
 pastoral duties, and when he resigned his pulpit some of these followed 
 him to Schenectady, that they might still enjoy his instructions. 
 
 While teaching he was also alwa3's engaged, more or less, in preaching 
 the Gospel. There were but few churches of the Presbyterian order with- 
 in thirty miles of Schenectady in which he had not often proclaimed the 
 preciousncss of Christ. He was also a principal agent in securing the 
 establishment of a missionary station for the Indians, at Mackinaw, Michi- 
 gan, about 1823. 
 
 While teaching at Chittenango, he organized a church there and became 
 its pastor. During the last eight years of his life he was the unceasing 
 friend and helper of feeble churches. He established, resuscitated, or 
 greatly aided no less than thirteen during this period. He died of disease 
 contracted by his abundant labors. His last effort was the establishment 
 
276 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 of a church at Sacondaga, but, ten days before its dedication, sitting in his 
 chair, and on the blessed Sabbath that he loved so well, he placidly 
 breathed out his soul, without a pang or a groan. 
 
 There was no intricate complexity either in his principles or conduct. Witli 
 a well-balanced mind, he possessed the transparent simplicity of a child, 
 joined to a oneness of untiring purpose. Love was the great principle of 
 his heart, and by its power, selfishness, in all its varied forms, was over- 
 borne. It was the law of his house to rejoice with them that do rejoice, 
 and to weep with them that weep. But his most prominent characteristic 
 was his indomitable hope. Unshaken confidence in the divine promises 
 ever cheered him on, for he knew that God would not fail him. • However 
 dark the outward prospect seemed, he never doubted but that God would 
 clear away all clouds. — Memorial Sermon ly W. II. C. 
 
 Yates, John Austin, (s. of Andrew Yates,) b. at East-Hartford, Ct. 18. . ., 
 N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; tutor in U.O. 1824-7, Prof. Oriental 
 Langs, in U.C. 1827-49, called to Jersey City 1st, 1849, accepted, but 
 died before settlement. 
 
 YouNGBLOOD, WiLLiAM, b. at Montgomery, N.Y. 1800, E.C. 1832, N.B.S. 
 
 1835, 1. CI. Orange, 1835 ; voyage to Batavia, (Java, E. I.) June-Sept. 
 
 1836, Batavia, 1836-8, (studying the Malay language,) voyage to Borneo, 
 by way of Singapore, Dec. 1838-Sept. 1839, teaching a Malay school at 
 Pontianak, (Borneo,) Nov. 1839-42, Karangan, (Borneo,) Sept. 1842-Jan. 
 1847, voyage to America, Jan.-July, 1849, d. 1859. 
 
 He had early religious impressions, which seem to hav6 matured about 
 the fifteenth year of his age. He then had a strong desire to study with a 
 view to the ministry. But being the eldest of the family, he was ne'eded 
 at home by his widowed mother, and for some years took charge of the 
 paternal farm, 
 
 AVhile in the Seminary his mind was much exercised in regard to the 
 duty of devoting himself to the foreign missionary work. The appeals of 
 the heavenly-minded and devoted David Abeel, who had just returned from 
 China, had the effect of bringing him to a decision. He was accepted b}^ 
 the American Board, and designated, with other brethren of our church, to 
 the island of Java. They embarked on the 8th of June, 1836. After many 
 efforts, the Dutch Government not allowing them to operate on that island, 
 they embarked for Pontianak, on the coast of Borneo, in December of 1838. 
 While residing there some of the brethren engaged in the study of the 
 Chinese language, with a view of establishing a mission in China as soon 
 as the way opened. Brother Youngblood having gained some knowledge 
 of the art of printing, and of the Malay language, he spent his time in vis- 
 iting the neighboring Kampongs, preaching and distributing tracts, and, 
 unaided, he printed with his own hands, by means of a press presented by 
 the officers of an American squadron, Malayan books, for the use of a school 
 of poor children he had gathered. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 277 
 
 At length, in the beginning of tlic year 1842, Brothers Youngblood and 
 Thompson foiinilcd a station among tlic Dyaks, about one hundred and 
 forty miles in the interior of the island. After many trials, and incredible 
 toil, owing to the unwillingness of the natives to assist, they succeeded in 
 erecting with their own hands two temporary dwellings in the midst of 
 the jungle. After a few months, joined by their families, in these lonely 
 wilds they began the work of pioneer missionaries. Brother Thompson's 
 health soon failing, he departed for his native land by the way of Europe, 
 where he was called to his heavenly home. About four years after the 
 establishment of the mission among the Dyaks, Brother Youngblood's 
 health also gave way. The trial of a voyage to Singapore not proving, as 
 Iwped, efficacious to his restoration, he embarked January, 1849, for Ameri- 
 ca. This was a trial harder to be borne than when he left his native shore. 
 The seed of God's word had just begun to germinate in some minds, and 
 now that all prospects of usefulness should be destroyed was painful in the 
 extreme. " Never," said Mrs. Y. to the writer, "did I see my husband, in 
 all my life, shed tears so profusely, and endure a trial so distressing, as 
 when he bade farewell to his Dyak field." No reenforcements arriving, 
 he saw the mission must be given up. For years this good brother 
 lingered, able only to preach an occasional sei'mon, till his death. During 
 these years his heart was still set on the great work of missions. He said 
 to the writer, " I do not regret having personally engaged in the work of 
 foreign missions, but it is rather to me a source of joy. I feel that it was the 
 highest honor conferred on me, in being permitted to engage in this blessed 
 cause, and become a co-worker with the Lord of missions. Gladly would 
 I now return to our distant field of labor, or any other among the heathen, 
 did my health and that of my companion permit, and toil till death for the 
 salvation of perishing men. It is sweet to endure toil and privation for 
 Christ."—/. U. D. 
 
 Ypma, Martin A. from Holland; Vriesland, 1851-3, Graafschap, 1853-4, 
 High and Low Prairie, 1855-61, Alto, 18G1-3, d. 
 
 Zabriskie, Albert A. R.C. 18G5, N.B.S. 18G8, 1. CI. Bergen, 1868 ; Farmer 
 Village, 1868— 
 
 Zabriskie, Francis N. (grandson of J. V. C. Romeyn,) N.Y.U. 1850, N.B.S. 
 1855, 1. CI. N.Y. 1855; Livingston Ch. N.Y.C. 1856-9, Coxsackie 2d, 
 1859-63, Ithaca, 1863-6, Claverack, 1866— 
 
 Zabriskie, Jer. L. (grandson of J. L. Zabriskie,) C.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1863 
 1. S. CI. L.L 1863 ; Cuddebackville, 1866— 
 
 Zabriskie, John Lansing, b. at Alban}^ 1779, U.C. 1797, studied theology 
 under D. Romeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1800 ; Greenbush and Wynantskill, 
 1801-11, Hillsborough, (Millstone,) 1811-50, d. 
 
2" 8 THE MINISTRY. 
 
 During his long pastorate at Millstone, he maintained his influence and 
 his standing unto the end. He was a man of many excellences ; kind, 
 social, unaffected, and sincerely and zealously pious ; a gentleman of the 
 old school, simple in his tastes, unostentatious in his life, and unsophisti- 
 cated in his daily conduct. All who knew him loved him, and those 
 who knew him best esteemed him most. 
 
 He was one of the most laborious and successful pastors in Somerset 
 County. He preached and lectured more, visited more families, and attend- 
 ed more carefully to all his public duties, than almost any other minister 
 of his time. He was considered by all an exam])le not only, but a monitor 
 in his official life. 
 
 His talents were good. His mind was more judicious, solid, and safe than 
 brilliant, or endowed with genius. He was a wise man, a sensible man, a 
 man to be depended upon. His counsel was judicious, and no one ever 
 erred much in following it. Hence, he himself made no mistakes of im- 
 portance, had no controversies, and while his friends were numerous, his 
 enemies belonged to those whom his principles and his holy life necessa- 
 rily brought in opposition to him. 
 
 He was an excellent preacher ; and though he seldom wrote his sermons, 
 the}^ were solid, sensible, full of evangelical thought, and listened to with 
 profit by all the earnest-hearted and godly in his congregation. His know- 
 ledge of the Gospel was full, distinctive, and clear ; and when he had dis- 
 cussed any one of its doctrines, his hearers felt that they had had very 
 important matters brought to their consideration, in a way which was 
 calculated to impress their minds, and edify their hearts. Few men could 
 speak more judiciously and appropriately, from the impulse of the moment, 
 on any given theme. Often there was a neatness, terseness, and direct- 
 ness which could not fail to be highly pleasing. 
 
 Then he was a genial man, and in his social intercourse would astonish 
 and excite you by his wit, his sarcasm, and even drollery ; but this was 
 only occasionally, and when he seemed to be carried out of his ordinary 
 sphere. Habitually he was grave, thoughtful, and though not reserved, by 
 no means a facetious or light man. 
 
 His life was unstained even by a breath of evil. No one doubted his 
 piety, or the sincerity of his admonitions, when he reprobated vice or 
 reproved iniquity. 
 
 By his simple habits and economy, while in the receipt of only a small 
 stipend, he was able to accumulate a large estate, and leave it as an inherit- 
 ance to his children. This, however, resulted chiefly from the early pos- 
 session of his own patrimony, managed with prudence and care, and not 
 from any savings out of his salary. In a word, he was a good man, useful 
 in his day, and he has left a name which will have a savor of excellence 
 for many generations, among those whose welfare he promoted, and whose 
 fathers and mothers he led in the way of life. — A. M. 
 
 Zastera, F. From Church of Rome. Miss, in 4th Ger. Ch., N.Y.C. 1858. 
 
THE MINISTRY. 2Y9 
 
 Zechariaii, John, (a native Hindoo,) studied under the missionaries, 1. CI. 
 Arcot, India, 1867 ; Catechist in Connoor, 18. .-67, pastor, 1807 — 
 
 [Ziibli, , Charleston, S.C. 1749.] 
 
 [Zufall, John, Tulpchocken, Pa. 1765-9.] 
 
 Zurcher, J. N. S.S. at Silver Creek, 1853. 
 
 ZwEMER, A, From Holland. Vriesland, 1858-68, Low Prairie, 1868— 
 
THE CIIUllCIIES. 
 
 Addisville, Pa. 18C4:. Bodinc, 1804-8, Amerman, J. L. 18G8— • 
 
 Albaxv, N.Y. (Rensselaerwyck, Bcverwyck,) 1G42. Megapolensis, J. 1642- 
 9, (Grasmeer, lG50-l,)Sehaats, 1G52-94, (Van Renslacr, 1G75,) Dellius, 
 1G83-99, Nucella, 1G98-1704, Lydius, lTOO-9, Van Dricsscn, P. 1712-38, 
 Van Schie, 1738-44, Frelinghuysen, T. 1745-59, Westerlo, 17GO-90, 
 Bassett, 1787-1804, (Bogart, D. S. 1792-6 ?) Johnson, J. B. 1796-1802, 
 Bradford, J. M. 1805-20, De Witt, J. (Sr.) 1813-15, Ludlow, J. 1823-34, 
 Vermilye, T. E. 1835-9, Kennedy, 1841-55, Rogers, E. P. 1856-62,* 
 Clark, R. W. 18G2— 
 
 Albany, (Ger.) 1770 ? Doll, 1772-5. 
 
 Albany 2d, 1815. De Witt, J. (Sr.) 1815-23, (Steele, J. B. supplied, 
 1823,) Ferris, I. 1824-3G, Wyckoff, I. N. 1836-65, Elmendorf, J. 
 1865— 
 
 "Albaxv 8d, 1834. Holmes, E. 1835-40, Yates, A. (S.S.) 1840-1, Camp- 
 bell, W. H. 1841-8, Van Brunt, 1848-9, Halloway, (Sr.) 1849--53, Dick- 
 son, 1853-60, Miller, W. H. 18G1-3, Bailey, 1863-8, Searle, J. 1868— 
 
 Albany, (Hoi.) 1855. Houbolt, 1861-4, Biihler, P. B. 18G5-6. 
 
 Albany, (Ger.) 1855. Schnellendreussler, 1855-65, Neef, 1865 — 
 
 Albany, (Dudley Ch.) 1859. Dissolved, 1862. 
 
 Albany Bush, see Amsterdam. 
 
 Aliendal, see India. 
 
 Allegan, Mich. 1843. Taylor, A. B. Miss, and S.S. 1842-3. 
 
 Alto, Wis. 1854. Stobbelaer, 1858-60, Ypma, 1861-3, Pieters, 1865— 
 
 Amersfort, now Flatlands. 
 
 Amity, N.Y. (Clifton-Park, Rexfordville,) 1806. Romeyn, Thos. (Jr.) 1806- 
 27, McKelvey, J. 1827-31, Van Wagenen, 1831-4, Chittenden, 1834-9, 
 Bronson, A. 1840-2, Halloway, 184.3-9, Williamson, G.R. 1849-52, Ray- 
 mond, 1853-G, Schoonmakcr, R.L. 1856-61, Sec, W.G.E. 1861-8, Letson. 
 1868— • 
 
 Amity (Miss, station,) Dwight, M.W. 1823, Murphy, Miss, to 1830. 
 
 Amoy, see China. 
 
282 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Amsterdam, N.Y. (Albany Bush,) 1795. Ten Eyck, C. 1799-1803.— Pm- 
 hyterian. 
 
 Amsterdam, N.Y. (Union Ch.) 1827. Morris, J. Miss, to, 1827, Stryker, H. 
 B. 1827-33. — See Fonda's Bush and Union. 
 
 Ancram, N.Y. 17. ., supplied by Livingston, J. L. 1779-81, by Lansing, 
 
 N. 1781-4. 
 
 Angelica, Alleghany Co. N.Y. 1804. Gray, A. 1804-10. 
 
 Aquackanonck, at Passaic, N.J. 1694. Bertholf, G. 1694-1724, Du Bois, 
 Gid. 1724-6, Coens, 1726-35, Van Driessen, J. 1735-48, Marinus, 1752- 
 73, Schoonraaker, H. 1774-1816, Froeligh, P.D. 1816-25, Taylor, B. 
 1825-8, PauilisoD, 1829-31, Bogardus, W. R. 1831-56, Strong, J. P. 
 1856— 
 
 Aquackanonch, Seceder, 1825. Froeligh, P. D. 1825-7, Berdan, 1830 — 
 
 Arcadia, Cayuga Co. N.Y. 1835. Nevius, 1835-6, Turner, W. E. 1841-8, 
 - Whitbeck, J. 1849-52, Snyder, B. F. 1855-6, Turner, 1862-6. j 
 
 Arcot, see India. 
 
 Argyle, N.Y. 1809, merged in Fort Miller, 1838. Ostrander, S. (S.S.) two 
 years, Johnson, L Y. 1817-21, Van Hook, 1823-4, McKelvey, J. Miss, to, 
 1827, Mair, Miss, to, 1829, Laing, 1832-3. 
 
 Arnee, see India. 
 
 Arunodaya, see India. 
 
 Ashokan, now Shokan. 
 
 Asquach, same as Osquak. 
 
 Astoria, L.I. 1839. Bishop, 1840-52, Ten Eyck, W. H. 1853— 
 
 Astoria, 2d, 1854. Revived, 1862. Wenisch, 1865-6, Steinfuhrer, 1867— 
 
 Athens, Greene Co. N.Y. 1826. Abel, D. 1826-8, Van Cleef, C. 1828-33, 
 Wilson, Jos. 1834-6, Wynkoop, Jef. 1830-40, Holmes, E. 1840-1, Wat- 
 son, J. 1841-4, Cornell, W. A. 1844-8, Talmage, J. R. 1849-50, Betts, 
 (S.S.) 1852-5, Buckelew, 1855-9, Spaulding, 1860-8, Campbell, A. D. 
 1S68— • 
 
 Athens 2d, N.Y. 1859. Spaulding, 1860-6. 
 
 Athens, Pa. 1858. Todd, A. F. 1858-65, Berry, P. 1865-8, Shaw, J. F. 
 1868— 
 
 Aurelius, Cayuga Co. N.Y. 1813. Ten Eyck, C. 1813-2. 
 
 Auriesville, 1839. Jukes, 1840-4, Roof, 1847-50. 
 
 Baisic, now Westerlo. 
 
 Battle Creek, Mich. 1855, Schultz, 1855-7, Brown, H. J. 1858-62, Rogers, 
 S. J. 1862-5, Collier, L 1866— 
 
THE CHURCHES. 283 
 
 Beach Woods, 1833. Mandevillc, G. 182-1-G. 
 
 Beaveudam, 1763. Schuyler, 1706-79, supplied also by Labagh and Bork, 
 1779-1810, De Voe, 1808-16, Paige, Miss, to, 1822, Van Hook, Miss, to, 
 1822, Bogardus, C. 1822-5, Blair, Miss, to, 1825, Van Wagenen, 1826-31, 
 Meyers, A. II. 1831-5, Van Kleek, 1835-43, Dcmorcst, W. 1846-51, 
 Veddcr, E. 1851-5, Van Licw, J. C. 1856-60, Miller, E. 1860— 
 
 Bedmixster, 1758. Ilardcnbergh, J. R. 1758-81, Romeyn, T. F. 1784-5, 
 Studdiford, P. 1787-1800, Duryee, J. 1800-1, Schureman, 1801-7, Har- 
 denbergh, C. 1808-20, Fisher, I. M. 1821-39, Schenck, G. 1840-52, Brush, 
 W. 1852-65, Pool, 1865— 
 
 Beckman, Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1823. Amerman, T. A. (S.S.) 1830-1. 
 
 Belleville, (Second River,) 1700. Berthofi", G. (S.S.) 1700-24, Coens, 
 1725-30, Van Santvoord, C. 1730-2, Haeghoort, 1735-76, Leydt, M. 1779- 
 80, Schoonmaker, II. (S.S.) 1784-94, Stryker, P. 1794-1809, again 1810- 
 12, Van Santvoord, S. 1814-28, Abeel, G. 1828-34, Meyers, A. H. 1835- 
 7, Garretson, J. 1837-49, De Mund, 1850-G, Talmage, T. D. W. 1856-9, 
 Studdiford, P. A. 1859-66, Ilallovvay, W. W. (Jr.) 1867— 
 
 Bellona, Ontario Co. N.Y. 1831. AVack, C. P. 1831-5. 
 
 Benton, 1817. Afterward, Bellona ; occasionally supplied by Duryee, John, 
 
 from New-Jersey. 
 Berea, 1822. Ten Eyck, C. 1823— 
 Bergen, 1662. Supplied by ministers from New-York, 1662-1749, (De 
 
 Wint, 1749-51,) Jackson, ^Y. 1757-89, Cornelison, 1793-1828, Taylor, 
 
 B. C. 1828— 
 Bergen Neck, 1829. Boice, I. C. 1829-44, Romeyn, J. 1844-50, Dutcher, 
 
 1850-4, Stillwell, 1854-64, Wells, T. W. 1865— 
 
 Bergen Point, 1854. Dutcher, 1854-7, Parker, Chs. 1857-60, Jones, II. 
 
 "W. F. 1860— 
 Berkshire Valley, Tioga Co. N.Y. 1826. Mandeville, G. 1826-8. 
 
 Berne, 1830. Tarbell, Miss, to, 1826, Van "Wagenen, 1830-1, Cahone, Miss, 
 to 1828, Stryker, P. Miss, to, 1828-9, Meyers, A. II. 1831-5, Van Kleek, 
 to 1835-48, Dcmarest, W. 1846-51, Vedder, 1851-4, Van Liew, J. C. 
 1856-60, Miller, E. 1860— 
 
 Berne 2d, 1830. Van Santvoord, S. (S.S.) 1831-2, Van Arsdale, J. R. 
 1834-5, Waring, (S.S.) 1836, Knieskern, 1841-5, Middlemas, 1848-54. 
 
 Bethel, Iowa, 1866. De Pree, 1867— 
 
 Bethlehem, 17... Bork, 1798-1803, Overbagh, 1805-6, Westervelt, R. 
 
 1808-16, Kissam, 1818-41, WiUis, 1843-51, Simonson, 1852-64, Voor- 
 
 hees, H. M. 1865— 
 Bethlehem 2d, 1848. Lansing, J. A. 1848-60, Pearse, 1860— 
 
284 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Bethlehem, Wis. 1850. 
 Bethlehem, Secession, 1824. 
 Beverwyck. See Albany. 
 
 Blawexbukgh, 1832. Heermance, Henry, 1832-5, Talmage, J. R. 1837-49, 
 Romeyn, T. B. 1849-65, Fritts, 1865— 
 
 Blenheim, 1822 ? now South-Gilboa. Paige, 1822-7, Salisbury, 1833-4, 
 Bogardus, C. supplied, 1834. 
 
 Bloomixgeurg, 1820. Du Bois, G. 1820-4, Van Vechten, S. 1824-41, 
 Mills, S. W. 1848-58, Searle, Jer. (Jr.) 1858-62, Du Bois, H. 1863-66, 
 Frazee, J. H. 1866— 
 
 Bloomingdale. See Nevr-York. 
 
 BLOoiirs-GDALE, (CI. Ulster,) 1796, Smith, T. G. 1799-1808, Hasbrouck, J. 
 R. H. 1809-13, Van Keuren, 1826-35, McFarlane, 1844-5, Strong, T, C. 
 1845-9, Snyder, B. F. 1850-2, Lente, 1855-63, Blauvelt, A. 1866— 
 
 Blogmixg Grove, 1815. Marselus, X. J. 1815-22, Taylor, B. C. 1822-5, 
 Dumont, 1826-8, Ostrander, S. 1831-9, Middlemas, 1840-3, Wynkoop, 
 P. S. 1844-8, Cornell, W. A. 1848-51, Spaulding, 1852-6, Tan Dyck, L. 
 H. 1856-61, Staats, J. A. 1861-6, Ingalls, 1868— 
 
 Blue Mountaix, 1851. Hillman, 1852-8, Blauvelt, C. J. 1859-62, Bucke- 
 lew, 1864— 
 
 BoARDViLLE, (Missiou Station,) 1854. Bernart, 1856 — 
 
 Boght, now Bushwick. 
 
 BoGHT, 1784. Demarest, John, 1790-1803, Bassett, 1805-11, Bronk, 1813- 
 22, Steele, J. B. 1824-33, Bogardus, C. 1834-8, Pitcher, TV. 1840-54, 
 Du Bois, J. 1854-9, Major, 1860-4, Raymond, 1864— 
 
 Boonton, now Montville. 
 
 BooxTOx, 1868. Durand, 1868— 
 
 Borneo, see India. 
 
 BorxD-BROOK, 1846. Van Neste, 1847-53, Demarest, "W. 1854-7, Voorhees, 
 H. V. 1858-62, Romaine, B. F. 1862-8, Dutcher, 1869— 
 
 Bowman's Kill, now Buel. 
 
 Breakabix, 1829. Paige, Miss, to, 1822-6, Evans, Wm. Miss, to, 1826-7, 
 Quaw, 1834-36, Steele, J. B. (S.S.) 1837, Eggleston, 1843-5, Van Woert, 
 J. H. 1850-3, See, ^Y. G. E. 1853-9, Shaflfer, T. L. 1860-7, Vandewater, 
 1867-9. 
 
 Branchville, 1850. Dater, 1^50-3, Pitcher, TT. 1854— 
 
THE CHURCHES. 285 
 
 BiiinnTON IIiGiiTs, S. T. (Toiiipkinsvillc,) 1823. Miller, J. E. 1823^7, 
 Thompson, A. R. 1848-51, Brett, P. M. 1851-GO, Hitchcock, 18G0-G5, 
 Timlow, 18GG-8, Watson, T. 18G9— 
 
 BuoNxviLLE, 1850. Stewart, 1850-2, Collier, Jos. 1852-5, Roosevelt, 1857— 
 
 Brooklyn, (Midwont,) IGOO. (Polhemus, J.T. (S.S.) 1G54-60,) Sel3'ns, 1660- 
 •i, Megapolensis, S. 1GG4-8, Van Zuurcii, lG77-85,(Clark, 1680-95?) Var- 
 ick, lG85-y4, Lupardiis, 1G95-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides, 1705- 
 44, Arondeus, 1743-7, Van Sinderin, 1747-84, Curtenius, 1755-G, Rubel, 
 1759-83, Schoonmaker, M. 1785-1824, Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Johnson, J. 
 B. 1802-3, Woodhull, 180G-25, Mason, E. 182G-8, Rouse, 1828-33, 
 .Dwight, M. 1833-55, Van Gieson, 1855-9, "Willctts, 18G0-5, Kimball, 
 18G5— 
 
 Other churches in Brooklyn: 
 
 Bedford, or East-Brooklyx, 1847. Llojd, Miss, to, 1847, Elmen- 
 dorf, A. 1848-51, Schenck, J. W. 1853-5, "West, J. 1855-G8, Far- 
 mer, 1868— 
 
 Bergen Hill, 1859-61, 
 
 Central, or 2d, or Brooklyn HEicnxs, 1837. Garretson, J. Miss, to, 
 1836-7, Brodhcad, 1S41-G, McLaren, 1847-50, Bethunc, 1850-59, 
 Eells, 1859-66, Eddy, 1867— 
 
 Chapel on the Heights, 1855. Quackenbush, 1855-9. 
 
 Fourth, 1841. "Williamson, P. S. 1841-2. 
 
 Ger, Evang. E. D. 1867. (Formerly Independent Lutheran ; Pohle, 
 1853-66, Riedenbach, 1866-7.) "Wagner, 1867— 
 
 Lee Avenue, 1855. Halloway, "W. W. 1855-9, Holmes, J. McC. 
 
 1859-64, Willets, 1865-6, Hicks, 1867-8, Carroll, 1869— 
 Middle, 1846. Oakey, 1847-9, Talmage, J. R. 1850-2, Smith, N. E. 
 
 1853— 
 Myrtle Av. Miss. 1808. Noble, 1868— 
 New, (Ger.) 1851. Dickhaut, 1854-66, Heyser, 1867— 
 North, 1851. Elmendorf, A. 1851-65, Enjard, 18G5— 
 NoRTH-GowANCs, 1850, Pierce, 1851 — 
 North Sixth St. ^lission, 1858. 
 South, 1840. A'an Arsdale, C. C. supplied 1840-1, AVoodbridge, 
 
 1841-50, Rowland, 1853, Manning, 1854 — 
 SouTH-BusHwiCK, 1851. Himrod, 1851-9, "Wortman, 1860-3, Hart- 
 
 ranft, 18G4r-6, Voorhees, H. V. 1867-9. 
 "WiLLiAMSBURGn, 1829. Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 1829-39, Van Doren, 
 
 W. H. 1840-9, Porter, 1849— 
 Broome, 1822. Paige, 1822-36. 
 
286 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Brown Settlement, 1851. Bernart, 1851-4. 
 
 Brunswick, III. (Copperas,) 1840. Sill, 1841-9, Presbyt, 
 
 BucKBROOK, 1858. An out station of Callicoon since 1863. 
 
 Buel, (Bowman's Kill,) 1837. Starks, 1840-2, Clark, W. (S.S.) 1843-4. 
 
 BuflFalo, 1838. Beattie, John, 1838-44, Mabon, W. V. V. Miss, to, 1844-6. 
 
 Buffalo, (Hoi.) 1853. Wust, 1855-0, Kasse, 1861-4. 
 
 Buffalo, 1855. See, J. L. Miss, to, 1854^5, pastor, 1855-61. 
 
 Burlington, Iowa, 1853. Madoulet, 1853-5, Miiller, J. 1858-60. 
 
 BusHNELL, 111. 1856. Livingston, E. P. 1858 — 
 
 BusHwicK, (Boght,) 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 1054-76, Selyns, 1660-4, Van 
 Zuuren, 1677-85, (Clark, Jas. 1680-95 ?) Varick, 1685-94, Lupardus, 
 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, 
 Van Sinderin, 1747-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 1759-83, Schoon- 
 maker, M. 1785-1824, Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Bassett, 1811-24, Meeker, 
 1825-1830, again 1830— 
 
 Buskirk's Bridge, {TlossiocJc,) 17 Froeligh, P. D. 1802-7, Ostrander, 
 
 S. 1810-21, Van Hook, Miss, to, 1822, Switz, 1823-9, Quaw, Miss, to, 
 1829, Pitcher, J. H. 1833-43, Heermance, Har. 1848-5, Searle, S. T. 
 1848-50, Shaw, J. B. 1852-9, Gardner, T. A. 1862-7, Furbeck, 1867— 
 
 Caatsban, 1730. (Saugerties.) Supplied by De Ronde, 1780-1, Van Vlier- 
 den, 1794-1802, Demarest, Jas. D. 1807-8, Ostrander, H. 1812-62, Col- 
 lier, I. H. 1862-4, Chapman, N. F. 1864— 
 
 Callicoon, (ThwJiansville,) 1856. Boehrer, 1862-6, Schnellendreussler, 
 
 1866— 
 Canada, churches in 
 
 AdolphustoM'D, 1804. McDowell, 1804-20. 
 
 Andriestown, 1798. 
 
 Aussenburg, 180G. 
 
 Bay of Cante, or Quinte, 1798. McDowell, Miss, to, 1798-1800. 
 
 Coenradstown,1708. 
 
 Elizabethtown, 1798. 
 
 Ernesttown, 1800. McDowell, 1800-20. 
 
 Fredericksburg, 1800. McDowell, 1800-20. 
 
 Ilallowell, 1816. 
 
 Little York, 1810, Burned in war of 1812. 
 
 Markham,1806. ^ 
 
 Matilda, 1806. 
 
 Osnaburg, 18. . 
 
 Sophiasburg, 18. . 
 
 Sydney, 18.. 
 
 Williamsburgh, 1806. 
 
 A church 25 miles north of York, 1806 
 
 McDowell was general missionary to 
 all these Canadian churches. 
 
THE cnunciiES. 
 
 687 
 
 Caledonia, 1843. 
 Camp. See East-Camp. 
 
 Canajoharic, (on Sand Hill,) IT-^O? Rosencrantz, A. 1750 ?-8, again 
 1705-94, Loppius, (or Lupp?) 1770-177., Kennipc, 177. — . ., BroelHe, 
 1784-8, Peck, D. C. A. 1788-90, Gross, 1790-9 ? Labagh, I. 1800-3, 
 Wack, J. J. 1805-16, Toll, 1805-15, Ilasbrouck, J. R. II. 1820-26. 
 
 Canajoharic, (independent,) 1816. AVack, J. J. 1816-51. 
 
 Canajofiarie, Secedcr, 1822. (Westcrlo and Middletown,) Toll, 1822-42. 
 
 CANAJonAKiE, 1827. Van Olinda, supply, 1827-30, Wells, R. 1830-4, Van 
 Kleek, 1834-6, Robertson, 1837-8, Dunning, 1842-4, McFarlane, 1845-8, 
 DeAVitt, J. 1848-9, Chapman, N. F. 1849-53, Hammond, E. S. (S.S.) 
 1854-6, Romaine, (S.S. 1857-9,) 1859-63, Van Zandt, B. 1863— 
 
 Canastota, 1833. Gregory, T. B. (S.S.) 1834-6, Stryker, P. (S.S.) 1836, 
 Goetschius, S. Z. (S.S.) 1836-7, Hyde, Orin, Presb. (S.S.) 1837, Van 
 Santvoord, C. S. 1838-9, (White A. (S.S.) Pres.,) 1839^0, Rand, 1841-4, 
 Drake, 1845-53, Gaston, A. H. (S.S.) Pres. 1855-6, Bogardus, N. (S.S.) 
 1858-9, Garretson, J. 1859-01, (Little, Jas. A. (S.S.) Pres.) 1801-3, 
 Wurtz, 18G3-8. 
 
 Caroline, 1800. Mandeville, G. 1802-4. 
 
 Caroline, 1831. Wack, C. P. 1831, Tarbell, 1834-40, Gates, 1842-50, 
 Whitbeck, J. 1852-68. 
 
 Castletox, 1852. Stimpson, E. P. 1853-61, Heermance, E. L. 1801— 
 
 CatliD, 1831. Rogers, L. 1832-3. 
 
 Cato, 1819. De Fraest, 1822-20, Wynkoop, R. S. Miss, to, 1827, Steven- 
 son, Miss, to, 1828, Hoffman, 1831-43, Knight, R. W. 1845-52, Morse, 
 A. G. 1857-9, Watson, T. G. 1861-9. 
 
 Cato, Scccdcr, 1827. 
 
 Catskill, now Leeds. 
 
 Catskill, 1834. Wyckoff, I. N. 1834-0, Romeyn, Jas. 1836-41, Miirdock, 
 1842-51, Van Gieson, 1853-5, Welch, 1866-9, Lansing,' J. A. 1800-6, 
 Horton, 1807- 
 
 CAUGnxAWAGA, N.Y. (Fonda,) 1703. (This name is often carelessly written 
 Coneicago, in the early minutes ; not to be confounded with Conewago, 
 Pa.) Romeyn, Thos. 1772-94, Van Home, A. 1795-1833, Quinn, 
 1833-5, Fonda, J. D. 1835-42, Van Olinda, 1843-58, Furbeck, 1859-62, 
 Boyd', J. C. 1864— 
 
 Cesteuville, Mich., 1848. (Ketchum, Miss, to, 1836,) McNeish, 1844-6, 
 Seeber, 1847-8, Minor, 1848-50, Schultz, J. N. 1853-5, Ker.show, 
 1855-65, Van Vranken, A. H. 1865— 
 
288 THE CHUECHES. 
 
 Ceylon, see India. 
 
 Charleston, S.O. (station.) Lyall, Wm. 1865-G. 
 
 Charlestown, 17... Wyckoff, H. V. 17. .-1803, Van Buren, P. 1805-.., 
 Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1820-6, Morris, J. Miss, to, 1827-9, Chittenden, 
 Miss, to, 1831-3. 
 
 Charlestown 2a, 1803. WyckofF, H. V. 1803-20, Van Keuren, Miss, to, 
 1824. 
 
 Charlestown, Seceder, 1822. Wycloff, II. V. 1822-9. 
 
 Charlestown 2d, Seceder, 182. . 
 
 Charlestoicn, Independent, 1829. Wychoff, K V. 1829-31 ? 
 
 Chatham, 1843. Porter, E. S. 1843-9, Williamson, N. D, 1850-1, Schenck, 
 J. W. 1851-3, Holmes, E. 1853-9, Mead, 1859— 
 
 Chenango, (near Binghamton,) 1794. See Union. 
 
 Chester, now "Westerlo. 
 
 Chicago, (Hoi.) 1853. Vander Meulen, C. 1859-60, Bolks, 1861-2, Klyn, 
 1863-8. 
 
 Chicago 2d, 1854. Ferris, J. M, 1854-62, Williamson, N. D. 1862-4, 
 Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 1866 — 
 
 China, (Mission to, organized 1844,) churches and stations in : 
 Amoy, 1849. Lo-Tau, (pastor,) 1863— 
 Amoy 2d, 1860. Jap Hau Chiong, (pastor,) 1863 — 
 Canton. Abeel, D. Feb.- Dec. 1830, pastor, 1863— 
 Cnion-BE, 1859. 
 Ang-thun-thau. 
 Chiang-chiu, (station.) 
 Kangthau, 
 
 Kolongsoo. Abeel, D. 1842-5. 
 Macao. Abeol, D. 1838-41. 
 Mapeng. 
 Opi. 
 Te-Soa. 
 Peh-chui-ia. • . 
 
 Missionaries who have labored in the Amoy mission : 
 
 Abeel, D. 1838-45. Doty, 1844-65. Pohlman, 1844-9. Talmage, John, 
 1847— Joralmon, 1855-9. Ostrom, 1858-63. Rapalje, 1858— Kip, 
 1861— Blauvelt, 1862-4. Van Doren, 1865. 
 
TOE CHURCHES. 289 
 
 CniTTENANGO, 1828. Taylor, II. 1829-30, Campbell, W. II. 1831-3, Yates, A. 
 1833, Slingerland, 1833-4, IIocs, 1835-7, Abell, 1840-54, Hastings, 
 1856-GO, Talmage, J.R. 18C0— 
 
 Chittoor, see India. 
 
 Chukonot, now Florida. 
 
 Cicero, 1837. Seelj, 1840-4 LiddcU, supplied, 1848-9, Williamson, N.D. 
 1849-50, Du Bois, J. 1850-4. Gray, J. 185G-7. 
 
 Clarkstown, (New-Hempstcad,) 1750. Vcrbryck, 1750-84, Landing, N. 
 1784-1830, Hunt, 1830-2, Warner, A. II. 1832-7, Quick, P. J. 1837-66, 
 Lippincott, 186G — 
 
 Clarkistoicn, Secession, 1825. Lansing, J. V. S. 1826, BrinkerhofT, J. G. 
 1830-40, Van Ilouten, 1858-02. 
 
 Claukville, 1854. Lansing, A. G. 1858-62, Slauson, 1862-6, Ballagh, 
 AV. II. (S.S.) 18G8— 
 
 Claverack, 1719. Van Driessen, J. 1727-8, (Erickson supplied, 1731-2 
 andVanSchie, 1732-43,) Van Hovenberg, 1743-56, Fryenmoet, 175G-70, 
 (supplied by Cock, 1770-6,) Gebhard, 1776-1826, Sluyter, 1816-43, Boice, 
 L C. 1844-59, Van Gieson, 1859-G5, Zabriskie, F. N. 18GG— 
 
 Claverack 2d, or, Mellenville, 1838. (Supplied by Sluyter, 1838-42, and 
 by Wynkoop, P. S. 1842,) Vandervoort, 1842-5, Himrod, 1845-51, 
 . Pitcher, J. H. 1852-61, Sebring, 1862— 
 
 Cleveland, 1850. Hall, D. B, 1850-3, Jones, N. W. 1853-4, Presbyt. 1856. 
 
 Cleveland, (Hoi.) 1863. Kasse, 1864-8. 
 
 Clifton Park, now Amity. 
 
 Clinton-, 18GG. Van Doren, J. A. (S.S.) 1866— 
 
 Clintonville, now Irvington. 
 
 Closter Citv, 1862. Hammond, E.S. Miss, to, 1862-4, Blauvelt, C. J. 
 1866— 
 
 Clove, Sussex Co.N.J. 1787. Van Bunscbooten, E. 1787-1812. In 1818, 
 Presbyt. 
 
 Clove, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1807. Mandeville, Gar. (S.S.) 1789-1802, Wester- 
 velt, R. 1807-8, Murphy, 1814-25, Morse, B. Y., Miss, to, 1828,Westfall 
 B.B. 1828-34, Knight, 1838, Alliger, 1840-3, Liilie, Jas. 1844-5, Depuy, 
 1846-53, Evans, 1853-6, Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 185G, Voorhees, J. N. 1857- 
 66, Van Arsdale, N. H. 1867— 
 
 Clover Hill, N.J. 1834. Schanck, G. C. 1835-7, Dcmarest, W. 1838-40, 
 (Presbyt. 1840-62,) Voorhees, W. B. 1864— 
 
 Clymer, 1853. Dunnewold, 1853-68. 
 19 
 
290 THE CHUKCIIES. 
 
 CoBLESKiLL, 1825. Evans, W. Miss, to, 1826, Raymond, 1829-32, Quaw, 
 1834:-6, Lockhead, 1839^4, Spaulding, 1846-9, Hall, D.B. 1853-5. 
 
 CoEYMANS, 1793. Sickles, 1796-1800, Overbagh, 1805-6, Westevelt, R. 
 1808-16, Kissam, 1818-29, Van Santvoord, S. 1829-30, Fort, 1830-1, 
 Amerman, T. A. 1831-2, Edwards, 1834, Murpby, 1842-3, Kissam, 
 1843-5, Cornell, J. A. H. 1845-8, Peltz, 1848-51, Davies, 1852-5, Gardi- 
 ner, H. B. 1866-60, Collier, I. 1860-6, Biihler, L. H. 1867— 
 
 CoHOES, 1837. Lockhead, 1838-9, Van Buren, J. 1840-1, Myer, 1841-6, 
 Gray, J. 1847-8, Waldron, 1849— 
 
 Cold Spring, 1855. Harris 1856-7, Laremore, (S.S.) 1860, Romondt, (S.S.) 
 1862, Phraner, 1863-6, Sherwood, (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 Collicoon, 18 . . (or Thumansville,) Schnellendruessler, 1866 — 
 
 Colts Neck, 1856. Wyckoff, J. S. 1856-64, Bolton, 1865— 
 
 Columbia, 1822. Rawls, 1822-3, Ketchum, Miss, to, 1826-7. Hangen, 
 1830-2, Noe, (S.S.) 1835, De Voe, 1836-9, Ackerson, 1841-2, Starks, 
 1842-3, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1845-50, Murphy, 1853-4, James, 1854-5, 
 Hammond, E. S. 1856-8, Aurand, 1860-3. 
 
 Columbiaville, (Station,) Garretson, J. Miss, to, 1826-7. 
 
 CoNESViLLE, (Schoharie Kill,) 183-. Bogardus, C. 1838-42, Kerr, 1845-6. 
 
 Conewago, Adams Co. Pa. (Hanover,) 17.. (Boehme, C. L. 1775-81,) 
 Gray, A. Miss, to, 1793, Cornelison, Miss, to, 1794, (Gobrecht, 1793- 
 1806.) Ger. Ref. 
 
 Conewago. Erroneously for Caughnawaga, M.G.S. i. 45, 114, etc. 
 
 CcNSTANTiNE, Mich. 1843. Bennet, 1844-5, McNeish, 1846-9, Jones, D. A. 
 1850-2, McNeish, 1852-4, Bailey, 1855-03, Beardsley, 1863— 
 
 Copperas, now Brunswick. 
 
 OouRTLANDTOWN, N.Y. 1729. Ritzcma supplied, 1744-76, church burned; 
 Van Voorhees, S. 1785-8, organized anew, 1793 ; Manley, W. 1800-6, 
 Hoffman, A. 1810-30, Kirkwood, 1833-6, Westbrook, 1836-50, Lockwood, 
 1850-2, Steele, J. B. 1854-7, St. John, (S.S.) 1858-65, Anderson, W. H. 
 1865-6, Van Wyck, P. 1867— 
 
 Coshington, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1794. 
 
 CoxsACKiE, 1732. Weiss ? 1732-6, Schuneman, 1753-94, Sickles, 1791- 
 1801, Ostrander, H. 1801-10, Livingston, G. R. 1811-26. Searle, J. (Sr.) 
 1826-51, Peltz, 185i-7, Butcher, 1857-8, Hastings, 1860— 
 
 CoxsACKiE 2d, 1833. Cahoone, 1834-46, Van Cleef, P. D. 1846-9, Wood- 
 bridge, 1850-2, Steele, J. 1853-8, Zabriskie, F. N, 1859-63, McKelvey, 
 A. 1865-6, Collier, E. W. 1866-7, Munn, 1868— 
 
 Cdddebackville, 1854. Morris, H. 1855-62, Winter, 1863-6, Zabriskie, 
 Jer. L. 1866— 
 
THE CnURClIES. 291 
 
 CUKKYTOWN, (Root,) 170. . Ilasbrouck, J. R. II. 182G-30, Ilangen, lS;30-2, 
 Ilecrmance, Har. 1837-40, Frazee, 1840-3, Carle, 1848-51, Buckclew, 
 1852-5, Quick, J. J. 1855-61, Compton (S.S.) 18G3— 
 
 Danube, same as Indian Castle. 
 
 JDanvbe, Seceder, 1823. Goetschius, S. Z. 1823-4. 
 
 Danville, 1804. Gray, A. 1804-10. 
 
 Dashville Falls, 1831. Quaw, 1831-4, Markle, 1862^, Liebeneau, 1867— 
 
 Davenport, Iowa, 1859. Drury, Miss, to, 1861-2, Vanderveer, C. G. 
 1860-6, Vrooni, W. H. 1867— 
 
 Day, 1842. Lansing, J. A. (S.S.) 1845-8, Voorhees, J. N. (S.S.) 1848-9, 
 James, 1850-2, Case, 1855-7. 
 
 Deekpahk, (Mahackemack,) 1737. Organized by Mancius. Fryenmoet, 
 1741-56, Romeyn, T. 1760-72, Van Bunschooten, E. 1785-1800, Demar- 
 est, John, 1803-8, Eltinge, C.C. 1816-43, Van Wyck, G. P. 1844-53, 
 Slauson, 1853-7, Mills, S. W. 1858— 
 
 Delaware River Missions, 1790. Kuypers, ^Y. P. 1792-3, Ames, 1814. 
 
 Dingman's Ferry. See upper "Walpack, 
 
 Dorlach, 17 . . 
 
 Dover, 1770 ? 
 
 Dkexthe, 1851. Smit, 1851-3, Pieters, 1861-5, Huyssoon, 1865-6. 
 
 Duanesborough, 1824. 
 
 Durham, 1824. Ostrander, S. 1824-31. 
 
 Dyse's Manor, 1813. 
 
 East-Camp, now Gcrmantown. 
 
 Eastern, (Easton ?) 
 
 East-Indies, see India. 
 
 East-Millstone, 1855. Vande Wall, 1856-8, Cole, D. 1858-63, Berger, 
 1863-6, Phraner, 1866— 
 
 East New-York, 1839. Campbell, W. IT. 1839^1, Schoonmaker, M. V. 
 1842-9, Strong, J. P. 1850^, Munn, 1856-68. 
 
 Easton, N.Y. 1815. Duryee, P. II. 1802-20, Fonda, J. D. 1820-30, Pitcher, 
 J. II. 1833-8, Bronson, A. 1838-9, Newton (S.S.) 1844, Jones, D. A. 
 1844-8, Morris, 1851-5, Cochran, 1863— 
 
 Easton, Pa. 1851. Knox, J. II. M. 1851-3, Edgar, 1853— 
 
 East-Williamsburgh, 1855. Holmes, J. McC. 1857-9, Pearse, 1859-60, 
 Kip, I. L. 1861-2, Duryea, W. R. 1863^. 
 
 Ebenezer, 1867. Kuyper, A. C. 1867— 
 
292 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Eden, Wis. 1859. Kershow, 1866-8. 
 
 Ellenville, 1840. Ayres, 1841-54, Bentley, 1855— 
 
 Ellenville 2d, 1855. Pfister, 1856-62. 
 
 Eminence, now Summit. 
 
 English Neighborhood, 1770. Lydekker, 1770-6, Cornelison, 1793-1806, 
 Polhemus, H. 1809-13, Demarest, C. T. 1813-24, Abeel, G. 1824-8, Dur- 
 yce, P. 1829-48, McFarland, 1848-55, Taylor, A. B. 1855— 
 
 English Neigliborhood, Secession, 1823, BrinkerhofF, J. G. 1824, Demarest, 
 C. T. 1824-51, Blauvelt, C. J. 1852-60. 
 
 Ephratah, 1831. Morris, J. Miss, to, 1827-9, Ketchum, Miss, to, 1832-6, 
 
 Westfall, B. B. 1837-44, Jukes, 1844-50, Van Lievv, J. C. 1850-6, Smith, 
 
 W. H. 1865-8, Compton, 1868— 
 Esopus, now Kingston. 
 Esopus, (Klein Esopus,) 1791. Smith, T. G. 1799-1808, Hasbrouck, J. R. 
 
 H. 1809-13, Van Hook, Miss, to, 1822, Van Keuren, 1825-36, Fort, 1836- 
 .53, Taylor, W. 1853^, McFarlane, 1855-61, Myers, A. H. (S.S.) 1862-5, 
 
 Garretson, J. 18G5-6, Voorhis, J. N. 1867— 
 
 GFairfield, (Horseneck or Gansegat,) 1753. Marinus supplied, 1756-73, 
 Blauw, (Conferentie,) supplied, 1762-8, Meyer, II. 1772-85, Leydt, M. 
 1779-80, supplied by Duryee, John, 1801-17, Neal, 1817-22, Stryker, 
 JJ. B. 1823-7, Ogilvie, 1827-32, Raymond, 1833-5, Bronson, 1836-8, 
 Wilson, Jos. 1838-45, Quick, J. J. 1845-9, Wilson, Jos. 1849— 
 
 !Fair Haven, (Woolcot,) 1847. Knight, R. W. 1849-52, MuUer, 1854-7, 
 Gates, C. 1857-9, Watson, T. G. 1862-4, Bartholf, 1864-8. 
 
 ■Fairview, 111. 1837. Wilson, A. D. (S.S.) 1838-41, pastor, 1841-56, An- 
 derson, AVm. 1856-9, Joralmon, 1860— 
 ;FairvilIe, 17.. — 
 
 Fallsburgh, (Neversink, Woodbourne,) 1802. Reorganized, 1827, Boyd, 
 
 J. H. Miss, to, 1827-8, Gray, J. 1833-5, Eggleston, 1836-7, Duryee, I. 
 
 G. 1843-51, Eltinge, C. D. 1851-2, Searle, J. 1853-61, Connitt, 1862-5, 
 
 Brown, 1867— 
 Farmer Village, 1830. Gregory, 0. H. 1831-8, Bassler, 1840-65, Brush, 
 
 W. W. 1866-8, Zabriskie, A. 1868— 
 
 Fayette, 1817. Vanderveer, J. Miss, to, 1823, Morris, J. Miss, to, 1824^5- 
 
 Feura Bush, now Jerusalem. 
 
 FiSHKiLL, 1716. Van Driessen, supplied occasionally, 1727-31, Van Schie, 
 1731-8, Meinema, 1745-55, or 58, Van Nist, 1758-61, Schoonmaker, H. 
 1763-74, Rysdyck, 1772-89, Froeligh, S. also supplied, 1776-80, Blau- 
 veli, I. 1783-90, Van Vranken, N. 1791-1804, Westbrook, 1806-30, 
 Fisher, G. H. 1830-5, Kip, F. L. 1836— 
 
THE CIIUKCIIKS. 293 
 
 FisiiKiLL, on tlie Hudson, 1S22. Iloycr, 1823-51, Quackenbush, 1851-5, 
 Siiydam, 1857-62, Kimball, 1803-5, Bcrger, 1866-9. 
 
 Flatiusii, (Midwout,) L. T. 1054. Polhemus, J. T. 1654-76, Van Zuuren, 
 1077-85, (Clark, Jas. 1685-95,)? Varick, 1685-95, Lupardus, 1695-1702, 
 Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides, 1705—44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sindcrin, 
 1747-84, Curtenius, 1755-0, Rubcl, 1759-83, Schoonmakcr, M. 1785- 
 1824, Lowe, 1781-181., Monteith, 1819-20, Strong, T. M. 1822-61, AVells, 
 C. 1862— 
 
 FLATBUsn, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1807. Overbagb, 1809-41, Brodlicad, 1837- 
 41, Demarest, D. D. 1841-3, Watson, J. 1844-7, Ilulbcrt, 1848-52, Gos- 
 man, 1854-9, Minor, 1859-04, Merritt, 1865— 
 
 FL.A.TLANDS, (Amcrsfort, Midwout,) 1654. Polheraus, J. T. 1654-76, Van 
 Zuuren, 1677-85, Varick, 1685-94, Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705- 
 41, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1747-84, Cur- 
 tenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker, 1785-1824, Lowe, P. 
 1787-181., Monteitb, 1819-20, Cruikshank, 1824-34, Baldwin, 1836-52, 
 Davie, 1853-61, Doolittle, T. S. 1862-4, Brett, C. 1865— 
 
 Flats, now Rhinebeck. 
 
 Flats, or German Flats, (west of Albany,) 1764. Rosencrantz, H. 1765- 
 94, Spinner, 1802-48, Center, 1824-6, Pitcher, J. H. 1831-3, Murphy, 
 1837-9, Stark, 1843-4. 
 
 Flats, Seceder, 1825. Palmer, 1825-9. 
 
 Florida, (Chukonot, Remsen Bush, Minaville,) 1784. Romeyn, T. 1800- 
 6, Paige, 1808-20, Rouse, 1822-8, Stevenson, 1829-54, Clancey, 1855- 
 00, Krum, 1861-5, Lane, 1866— 
 
 FtusniNG, L.L 1842. Gordon, 1843-9, Mandeville, G. H. 1851-9, Hallo- 
 way, W. 1859-65, Fairchild, 1806— 
 
 Fonda, see Caughnawaga. 
 
 Fonda's Bush, or New-Harlem, in Broadalbin, Fulton Co. N.Y. 1795. Ten 
 Eyck, C. 1799-1812, Palmer, 1818-20, Van Vechten, S. Miss, to, 1823, 
 Presbyt. 1823. 
 
 FoRDHAM, 1696, supplied at first from New- York. Ritzema, 1744-76, reor- 
 ganized, 1802 ; Jackson, J. F. 1819-1835, Van Pelt, 1837-47, Cahoone, 
 1847-8, Bevier, 1851-3, Beattie, Jas. 1854-6, Bolton, 1856-65, Fehrraan, 
 1866-9. 
 
 Ford's Bush. (Station.) Morris, J. Miss, to, 1829. 
 
 FoRRESTON, 111. 1862. Karsten, 1865-7, De Beer, 1807— 
 
 Fort Carbon, Pa. (Station.) DuMont, Miss, to, 1829-30. 
 
 Fort Herkimer, 1852. Starks, 1852-7, again 1861-2, Quick, J. J. (S.S.) 
 1867-8. 
 
294 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Fort Miller, 1817. Johnson, I. Y. 1817-23, Van Hook, 1823-4, McKel- 
 vey, John, 1827, Mair, Miss, to, 1829, Thompson, D. R. 1833, Parry, 
 1833-7, Wood, Joel, 1840-5, Stebbins, (S.S.) 1848, Slauson, (S.S.) 1848- 
 50, Cochran, 1852, Lansing, A. G. 1867-8, Kellogg, 1868— 
 
 Fort Plain, same as Canajoharie. 
 
 Fort Plain, 1831. Bogardus, N. 1834-5, Burtiss, 1835, Pepper, 1837-40, 
 Van Vechten, S. 1841-4, McLean, 0. G. 1844-51, Schenck,M. L. 1853-7, 
 Hall, J. G. 1858-63. 
 
 Frankfort, 1830. Snyder, 1829-30, Seely, 1831-5, Murphy, 1839-40, Starks, 
 1843-6, Murphy, 1854-6, 
 
 Franklin, (Wis.) 1851. Klyn, 1852-3. 
 
 Franklin, N.J. 1855. Talmage, P. S. (S.S.) 1855-9, Lott, 1859-65, Ostrom, 
 (S.S.) 1866-8, pastor, 1868— 
 
 Freehold, 1708. Morgan, 1709-31, Haeghoort, 1731-5, Erickson, 1736- 
 64, Du Bois, B. 1764-1827, Van Vranken, S. A. 1817-34, Otterson, 1835- 
 8, Marcellus, 1839-51, Willis, 1851-68, Swain, 1868— 
 
 Freehold 2d, 1842. Ganse, 1843-56, CoUier, E. W. 1856-66, Van Buren, 
 P. called, but prevented, by sickness, from settling, 1867, Van iVkon, G. 
 1867— 
 
 Fulton, 111. 1866. 
 
 FoLTONviLLE, 1838. Dycr, 1841-3, Van Buren, J. M. 1843-52, Welles, R. 
 1857-68. 
 
 Gallupville, 1844. Hammond, E. S. 1844-52, Bogardus, 1852-6, Lane, 
 G. 1857-60, Comfort, 1860-3, Vedder, E. 1863— 
 
 Gansegat, now Fairfield. 
 
 Gansevoort, 1839. Birkby, 1840-5, Du Bois, John, 1845-50, Doe, (S.S.) 
 1852-3, Van Wyck, P. 1854-6, McCartney, 1857-63, Markle, 1864-8. 
 
 Geneva, 1831. Mandeville, H. 1831-4, Abeel, G. 1834-49, Romeyn, J. 
 1850-1, Voorhees, H. V. 1851-4, Collier, Jos. 1855-9, Wiley, 1860-5, 
 Rogers, S. J. 1865— 
 
 Georgetown, D.C. (Miss. Station) Baldwin, E. Miss, to, 1822-4. 
 
 German Flats, same as Great Flats, or Flats, (on the Mohawk.) 
 
 Germantown, N.Y. (East-Camp,) 1728. Hagar, 1711, Van Driessen, J. 
 1728-35, Schnorr, 1746-. ., Rubel, 1755-9, Fryenmoet, 1756-70, Cock, 
 1763-84, Cough, 177.-8., Gebhard, occasionally; Fox, 1802-.., Rudy 
 182.5-36, Boyd, Josh. 1842-50, HofF, 1851-5, Meyers, A. H. 1856-62, 
 Schermerhorn, H. R. 1862-5, Rowe, 1866-8, Bodine, 1808— 
 
 Ghent, (Squampamick,) 1775, Gebhard supplied, 1782-7, Sluyter supplied 
 occasionally. 
 
THE CUUECnKS. 295 
 
 Ghent, ISIO, revived. Wj-nkoop, P. S. 1822-42, Dc Witt, J. 1845-8, Gray, 
 J. 1848-55, Letson, 1856-64, Drury, 1864— 
 
 Ghent 2d, 1843. Wyckoff, T. F. 1843, Williamson, G. R. 1844-8, Yandcr. 
 voort, 1848-50, Van Woert, 1852-65, Scbring, E. N. 1865— 
 
 Gibbonsville, now West-Troy. 
 
 Gibbsville, Wis. 1856. Dunncwold, 1868 — 
 
 GiLBOA, 1836. Paige, 1836-7, Bogardus, C. 1838-42, Van Dyck, L. H. 
 1844-52, Lockwood, S. 1852-1, Welch, 1855-6, Benedict, 1857, See, W. 
 G. E. 1859-61, Letson, 1864-8. 
 
 Glen, 18... Morris, J. Miss, to, 1827-9, Chittenden, 1831-3, Jukes, 1839- 
 
 44, Van Yranken, A. H. 1851-65, Van Vranken, F. V. 1866— 
 Glen, Independent, Paulison, 1840-18. . . 
 
 Glenham, 1837. Johnson, J. G. 1840-6, Miller, 1846-9, Duryea, J. G. 
 1851-2, Bevier, 1853-60, Holmes, E. (S.S.) 1860-5, Ilorton, 18G5-7, 
 Wyckoff, A. N. 1867— 
 
 Glenville, (Schenectady 1st, of Fourth Ward,) 1813. Van Zandt, P. 1818-22, 
 Slingerland, 1824^33, Bunnell, 1835-8, Tngalls, 1840-51, Meyers, A. II. 
 1852-4, Burghardt, 1855-61, Pceke,.G. H. 1861-3, Minor 1804— 
 
 Glenville 2d, 1818. Murphy, 1826- 34, Stryker, H. B. 1834-7, Swift, 
 1837-42, Crocker, 1842-8, Vedder, E. 1849-51, AVilliamson, N. D. 1851-5, 
 Slingerland, 1857-60, Berry, P. 1862-3, Wilson, F. F. 1864— 
 
 Guanodanam, sec India. 
 
 GoRHAM, 1843. Ryerson, 1843-5, Lloyd, 1846-7, Hammond, I. 1847-50. 
 
 Graafschap, 1850, (organization came from Holland.) Klyn, 1850-2. 
 Ypma, 1853—4. In 1850, all except five families seceded. Pieters , 
 1861-5, Broek, D. 1865— 
 
 Gkahamsville, 1844. Gregory, T. B. 1844-8, Hammond, J. W. 1849-52, 
 Case, 1852-3, Betts, 1855-6, Jones, D. A. 1858-63, Hammond, J. W., 
 1863-7, Turner 1868- 
 
 Grand Haven, 1851. Bolks, 1853-5, Oggel, P. J. 1856-9, Vanderveen, 
 1861-8. 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 1843. Taylor, A. B. (S. S.) 1843-8, Berry, P. 
 1860-1, Ferris, J. M. 1802-5, Decker, 1865-7, Vanderveen, 1868— 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. (Hoi.) 1851. Klyn, 1854-6, Houbolt, 1859-60, Vander 
 Meulen, C. 1860— 
 
 Gbandville, 1859. Kiekintveld, 1867 — 
 
 Gravesend, 1655. Polhemus, J. T. 1655-76, Selyns, 1660-4, Van Zuuren, 
 1677-85, Varick, 1685-94, Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, An- 
 tonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1747-65, Curte- 
 
296 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 nius, 1755-6, Schoonmaker, M. 1765-1824, Bassett, 1811-24, Labagh, 1. 
 P. 1832-42, Labagh, A. I. 1842-59, Hansen, 1859— 
 
 Great Flats, or German Flats, or Flats. 
 
 Greexburoh, 1850. (This church was organized in 1788 as'a Congregation- 
 al Church ; it afterward became Presbyterian, and in 1850 entered into 
 
 its present relations.) Smith, 1812-20, Phelps, 1850-1, 
 
 WyckofF, A. V. 1851-2, See, J. L. 1853-4, Moore, 1856-64, Bogardus, 
 W. E. 1865-7, Bertholf, J. H. 1867— 
 
 Greenbush, (Livingston Manor,) 17. ., Lansing 1781-4, Vedder, H. 1803-64, 
 Bogardus, F. M. 1864— 
 
 Greenbush, (CI. Rens,) 17... Romeyn, J.V.C. 1788-99, Zabriskie, J. L. 
 1801-11, Marselus, 1815-22, Taylor, B. C. 1822-5, Dumont, 1826-8, Lid- 
 dell, 1830-4, Stimpson, 1834-51, Talmage, J. R. 1852-60, Wilson, P. Q. 
 1861-5, Anderson, W. 1866— 
 
 Green Point, 1848. Van Nest, A. R. Miss, to 1848, Ward, J. W. 1849-54, 
 Talmage, G. 1855-62, Peek, G. H. 1863-5, Van Gieson, 1866-7, Mc. 
 Kelvey, A. 1867— 
 
 Green Port, (Mt. Pleasant,) 1835. Hangen, 1836-8, Fisher G. H. (S.S.) 
 1838-40, Van Wagenen, 1840-1, Fonda, J. D. 1842-7, Van Wyck, 1848 
 -51, Voorhees, J. K 1851-7, Finch, 1857-60, Himrod, 1861— 
 
 Greenville, 1840. Hulbert, 1842-8, Collier, Jos. 1852-5, Stewart, 1846-52, 
 Marcellus, 1856-9, Romondt, 1860-1, Pitcher, J. H. 1861— 
 
 Griggstown, 1842. Lord, J. S. 1843-7, Todd, J. A. 1848-55, Livingston, 
 E. P. 1855-8, Searle, Stephen, 1859— 
 
 Guilderland, now Helderbergh. 
 
 Guilford, 1833. Brush, W. 1834-51, Jansen, J. N. 1852-63, De Witt, R. 
 1864— 
 
 Hackensack, 1686. Bertholf, G. 1694-1724, Erickzon, 1725-8, supplied by 
 Du Bois, Gualterus, 1728-30, Curtenius, 1730-55, Goetschius, J. H, 
 1748-74, Romeyn, D. 1775-84, Froeligh, S. 1786-1822, seceded. 
 
 Hackensack, Secession, 1822. Froeligh, S. 1822-7, Paulison, 1832, Demarest, 
 C. T. 1839-51, Blauvelt, C. J. 1852-60, De Baun, J. Y. 1860— 
 
 Hackensack Independent, 1832. Paulison, 1832-40, Amerman, A. 1843 — 
 
 Hackensack, (2d,) 1756. Schuyler, 1756-66, Blauw, 1768-71, Kuypers, W. 
 1771-97, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1799-1833, Romeyn, Jas. 1833-6, Warner, 
 A. H. 1837-64, Romeyn, T. B. 1865— 
 
 Hackensack, 2d, 1855. Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 1856-63, Fisher, G. H. 1864— 
 
 Hackensack, (Ger.) 1857. Becker, 1857-60, Wolf, Miss, to, 1862, Schroe- 
 der, 1864— 
 
THE CIIUKCIIES. 
 
 297 
 
 HACAMANS, 1855. Pearse, 1S5G-9, Slingcrland, 1860-2, Ilaganian, A. J. 
 
 1863— 
 Hallebergh, same as Lisha's Kill. 
 
 Hanover, Pa. 17. .. (on the Susquchannn,) same as Conewago. 
 Half Moon, now Watcrford. 
 Ilardwick, 17. .. (Chitara, 1787-92, Wack, C. 1792-1809, also Wack, J. J. 
 
 1798-1800, Senn, 1795—1800,) Force, 1811-16. 
 Hardy Co. Va. 17. .. (Miss. Station,) Jennings, 1789-91, became Prcsbyt. ? 
 Harlem, see New-York. 
 Harlem, (Ger.) sec New-York. 
 HvRLTNGEX, (Sourland, Millstone,) 1727. Frelingbuysen, T. J. 1729-48, 
 
 Frclin-huysen, J. 1750-4, (Arondeus, Coiiferentie, 1747-54,) Harden- 
 
 ber-h\758-61, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1762-95, Smith, W. R. 1795- 
 
 18r7,'Polheraus, H. 1798-1808, Labagh, P. 1809-44, Gardner, J. 
 
 1844— 
 Hastint.s, 1850. Johnson, H. 1850, Phelps, 1851-9, Quackenbush, 
 
 1859-60, Peck, T. R. G. 1865— 
 Havana, HI. 1865. Williamson, N. D. (S.S.) 1866, Decker, 1867— 
 
 Helderbergh, (in Guilderland,) 17... Van Huysen, H. 1793-1825, Van 
 
 . Vechten, S. Miss, to, 1822-3, Blair, Miss, to, 1824, Hardenbergh, J. B. 
 
 1824-5, Blair, 1825-30, Bogardus, N. 1830-3, Frazer, 1836-8, Steele, J. 
 
 B. 1838-45, Bailey, 1845-7, Davis, 1847-51, Van Dyck, L. H. 1852-6, 
 
 Davis, 1857— 
 
 nempstead, Secession, 1825. (Kakiat.) Demarcst, Jas. D. 1824-58, De 
 
 Baun, J. Y. 1856-60. 
 Henderson, (Warren,) 1825. Hangen, 1830-2, Noe, 1885, De Voe, 1836-9, 
 Pepper, 1840-5, Lord, D. 1851-6, again, 1860-4. 
 
 Herkimer, 17. .. Spinner, 1802-35, Ketchum, Miss, to, 1826-7, Boyd, Jo.sh. 
 Miss, to, 1827-8, Morris, J. Miss, to, 1828-9, Pitcher, J. H. 1831-3, Mur- 
 phy, 1837-41, again, 1842-49, Mead, 1849-59, Gardner, 1860^, Pctrie, 
 (S.S.) 1864-8. 
 
 Herkimer 2d, 1824. Became Presbyt. in 1825. Center, (S.S.) 1824-5. 
 
 Herkimer 2d, 1830. Snyder, H. 1831. 
 
 Hion Bridge, 1866. Wyckoff, C. (S.S.) 1866-8, pastor, 18G8-9, Van Am- 
 burgh, 1869— 
 
 High Prairie, (Hooge Prairie,) 111. organized, 1849, but independent till 
 1852. Bolks, 1862-5, Lcpeltak, 1865— 
 
 Hillsborough, (at Millstone, N.J.) 1766. Supplied by Leydt, J., Harden- 
 bergh, J. R., and Van Harlingen, J. M., 1766-74, Foering, 1774-9, 
 
293 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Froeligh, S. 1780-6, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1787-95, Cannon, 1797-1807, 
 Schureman, 1807-9, Zabriskie, John L. 1811-1850, DeWitt, John, 1850- 
 63, Corwin, 1863— 
 
 Hillsdale, (Krum,) 1769. Gebhard, 1793-1814, Sluyter, 1816-25, Wyn- 
 koop, 1825-40, Himrod, 1843-3. 
 
 Iloboken, (Ulster Co. N. Y.) 1828. 
 
 IIoBOKEN, 1850. (Ostrander, H. Miss, to, 1822, Abeel, G. Miss, to, 1824-8,) 
 Gregory, T. B. Miss, to, 1850-4, Parker, C. 1855-7, Mann, 1858-61, Rid- 
 dle, M. 1861-5, Vroom, W. H. 1865-7, Allen, J. K. 1868— 
 
 IIoBOKEN, (Ger.) 1856. Mohn, 1856 — 
 
 Holland, Mich. 1851. Organization came from Holland. Van Eaalte, 
 1851-67. 
 
 Holland 2d, (Hope,) 18G2. Stewart, A. T. 1866— 
 
 Holland 3d, 1868. Vandermeulen, Jac. C. 1868 — 
 
 Holland, Wis. 1854. Beidler, Miss, to, 1855, Vander Scheur, 1855-6, Van 
 Liewen, 1857-9, Vander Meulen, J. 0, 1861-3, Stobbelaer, 1864— 
 
 Holmdel, (Middletown, Neversink,) 1657. Morgan, 1709-31, Haeghoort, 
 1731-5, Erickzon, 1736-64, Du Bois, B. 1764-1827, Van Vranken, S. A. 
 1817-26, Beekraan, 1826-36, Riley, W. 1839— 
 
 Honey Creek, now Raritan, HI. 
 
 Hooge Prairie, now High Prairie. 
 
 Hope, see Holland 2d. 
 
 Hopewell, 1757. Rysdyck, 1765-89, Blauvelt, I. 1783-90, Van Vranken, 
 N. 1791-1804, Barcalo, 1805-10, DeWitt, T. 1812-26, Whitehead, 1828- 
 35, Polhemus, A. 1835-57, Cobb, 0. E. 1857— 
 
 Horse Neck, now Fairfield. 
 
 Hudson, N.Y. 1835. Fisher, G. H. 1836-41, Gosman, 1841-53, Demarest, 
 D. D. 1853-65, Holmes, J. McC. 1865— 
 
 Hudson, N.J. 1846. Lloyd, Miss, to, 1853-5, King, Miss, to, 1856-7. 
 
 Hudson, N.J. (Ger.) 1853. Doeppenschmidt, 1864 — 
 
 Hudson, N.J. 2d, (Ger.) 1859. 
 
 Hurley, 1801. Smith, T. G. 1801-8, Gosman, 1808-11, Ostrander, H. 
 1811-14, Carle, 1814-25, Van Keuren, 1826-34, Mason, J. (S.S.) 1834-6, 
 Riley, Wm. 1836-9, Ilarriman, 1839-40, Elmendorf, A. 1840-3, Cruik- 
 shank, J. C. 1843-50, Lippincott, 1850-66, Harris, 1867— 
 
 Huguenots, S.T. (Westfield,) 1850. La Tourctte, 1852-4, Gregorj^, T. B. 
 1855-60, Stryker, H. B. 1861— 
 
THE CHURCHES. 299 
 
 Hyde Pakk, (Stoutsburgh,) 1793. Browcr, C. 1704-1812, Wynkoop, P. P. 
 1817-22, Vandcrvcer, F. II. 1823-9, Cahoone, 1829-38, Wcslfall, S. V. E. 
 1834-7, Cruikshank, J. C. 1837-43, Elmendorf, A. 1843-8, Ten Eyck, 
 1848-43, Datcr, 1853— 
 Ilion, 18C2. Pctric, 18C3— 
 
 India, Churches in, (Arcot Mis.sion, organized, 1854.) 
 Aliexdel, 1805. Mayou, 18CG — 
 Arcot, (Rahnepett,) 1840. Scudder, Jo.-^. 1852-0, Sawyer, 1859-05, 
 
 Scuddcr, John, 1805 — 
 Arnee, 18... Scudder, J. W. 1855-9, Mayou, 1859-02, Scudder, 
 S. D. 1802-3, Scudder, John, 1803, Mayou, 1803— 
 
 Arulnadu, (station of Arnec,) 1807. 
 
 Arunodaya, (station of Palamanair,) t^07. Chamberlain, 1867— 
 
 Batavia, (Java;) Youngblood, 1830-0. Van Doren, AV. T. 1840-2. 
 
 Borneo, (station.) Ncviiis, 1830-44, Van Doren, W. T. 1840-2, 
 Abeel, D. 1841-2, Pohlman, 1838-44, Doty, 1840^, Thompson, 
 B. 1840-8, Steele, W. II. 1842-9, Stryker, I. P. 1841-2. 
 
 Chittoor, 1853. Scudder, E. C. 1850-9, Scudder, W. W. 1859-00, 
 Scudder, John, 1801-3, Scudder, E. C. 1861-2, Scudder, J. "W. 
 1862— 
 
 CoN-NOOK, 1857. Scudder, Jos. 1856-9, Scudder, II. M. (S.S.) 1860^, 
 Scudder, S. D. 1804, John, (native pastor,) 1867— 
 
 Gingee, (station,) 1801. Mayou, supplied, 1802-3. 
 
 GNANODAYAJf, 1867. Sawyer, 1867— 
 
 Java. Abeel, D. 1830-1, Nevius, 1830-., Doty, 1836-40, Thompson, 
 B. 1838-40, Ennis, 1830-40, Pohlman, 1838-44. 
 
 Juggapilly, (station of Palamanair.) 
 
 Karangan, Borneo. Youngblood, 1842-9. 
 
 KattapXdi, 1860. Scudder, E. C. 1807-8. , 
 
 Kotagiri, (station of Coonoor.) 
 
 KuNDiPATTOOR, 1866. Scudder, E. C. 1866-8. 
 
 Madras, 1839. Scudder, John, 1839-42, again, 1848-54. 
 
 Madura, 1846. Scudder, John, 1846-8. 
 
 Maliampett, (station of Arnee.) Mayou, 1807— 
 
 Modur, (station of Arnee, 1800.) Mayou, 1SC7— 
 
 MuDNAPiLLY, 1865. Chamberlain, 1865 — 
 
300 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Munimuthu, (station of Arcot, 1806.) Scudder, John, 1866 — 
 
 Ootacamund, (station, 1864.) Scudder, H. M. 1864. 
 
 Palamanaik, 1860, (Scudder, E. C. supplied the station, 1859-60,) 
 Chamberlain, 1860-2, Scudder, S. D. 1863-5, Scudder, J. W. 
 1865-6, Chamberlain, 1S66— 
 
 Pontianak, Borneo. Youngblood, 1839-42, Nevius, 183., -43. 
 
 Parachoor, (station of Arnee.) Maj^ou, 1867 — 
 
 Pandeteripo, Ceylon. Scudder, John, 1819-39. 
 
 Pariantangal, (station of Coonoor, 1806.) 
 
 Pudukapam, (station of Arnee.) Mayou, 1867 — 
 
 Sakadu, (station.) Scudder, E, C. 1867-8, 
 
 Sambas, (Borneo.) Doty. 
 
 Sandavasal, (station of Arnee.) Mayou, 1867 — 
 
 Sattanbady, 1863. Mayou, 1863-5, Sawyer, 1865 — 
 
 Servoor, (station of Arnee,) 1867. Mayou, 1868 — 
 
 Shekadu, (station of Vellore.) 
 
 Siam. Abeel, D. 1831-3, 1841, 
 
 Siruthalambandi, (station of Coonooor, 1866.) 
 
 Tavimi, (station of Arnee.) 
 
 Vellambi, 1866, Mayou, 1868— 
 
 Vellore, 18. .. Scudder, H. M. 1844-57, Scudder, W. W. 1860^, 
 Scudder, E. C. 1863-8. 
 
 Indian Castle, (Danube,) 1772. Ketchum, Miss, to, 1823. 
 
 Indian Castle, 1861. Stanbrough, 1861 — 
 
 Ithaca, 1830. Mann, 1831-7, Hoes, 1837-45, Henry, 1846-9, Bulkley, 
 1851-2, Elmendorf, J. 1853-5, Schenck, J. W. 1855-63, Zabriskie, F. N. 
 1863-6, Strong, T. C. 1866— 
 
 Irvington, (Clintonville, Camptown,) 1840. Staats, J. A. 1840-1, Chap- 
 man, J. L. 1842-9, Bruen, J. M. 1850-2, Taylor, A. B. 1852-5, McKel- 
 vey, A. 1858-00, Vehslage, 1861— 
 
 Jackson, 1833. Stewart, J. W. 1834-6, Pitcher, W. 1836-9, Quick, J, J. 
 1840-3, Pitcher, J. H. 1844-52. 
 
 Jamaica, L.T. 1702. Antonides, 1705-41, Freeman, 1705-41, (VanBasten, 
 1739^0,) Goetschius, Ji H. 1741-8, Romeyn, Thos. 1754-60, Boelen, 
 1776-80, Froeh'gh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, Pt. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. II. 
 1794-1818, Schoonmakcr, J. 1802-50, Garretson, G. I. 1835-49, Alliger, 
 1850— 
 
THE CHURCHES. 
 
 801 
 
 Jamcsvillc, N.Y. 18. .. Evans, E. 1830. 
 Janesvillc, 1834. Amcrman,T. A. 18:59-40. 
 Japan, Mission organized, 185 It. 
 
 Japan, 1st Church, 1803. Brown, S. R. 1808-7. 
 
 Kanagawa, (station, 1859.) Brown, S. R. 1859-03, Ballagh, J. II. 
 
 1861-3. 
 Nagasaki, (station, 1859.) Vcrbeck, 1859— 
 
 Yokohama, (station, 1803.) Brown, S. R. 1803-7, Ballagh, J. II. 
 • 1803— 
 
 Java, see India. 
 
 Jeffeuson, Mich. 1851. Ileerniance, Har. 1851-7, Evans, Chs. A. 1857-8, 
 Vennilye, D. 1803-0. 
 
 Jeffersonville, 1852. Wolf, 1853-4, Hones, 1854-8, Ricdel, 1858-1861. 
 Boehrtr, 1862-6. 
 
 Jeniks, 1794. M.G.S. i. p. 256, mentioned. 
 
 Jersey City, 1807. 
 
 Jersey City, 1830, (Grand st.) Ostrandcr, S. Miss, to, 1822, Meeker, May— 
 Oct. 1830, Talmage, J. R. 1830-3, Lusk, 1833^8, Yates, J. A. called, 
 1849, died; Lord, D. 1850-1, McCliire, A. 1852-5, Riddle, D. H. 1857-02, 
 Scudder, H. M. 1805, Peeke, G. 1805— 
 
 Jersey City 2d, (Van Vorst, Wayne st.) 1846. Taylor, W. J. R. 1846-9, 
 
 Van Cleef, P. D. 1849— 
 Jersey City 3d, (Jersey Avenue,) 1852. Ostrander, S. Miss, to Harsimus, 
 
 1822 ; Taylor, W. J. R. 1852-4, Strong, J. P. 1854-6, Selden, 1857, Wells, 
 
 C. L.\858-62, Berry, J. R. 1803-8, Suydam, 1868— 
 Jersey City, (Ger.) 1856. Docppenschmidt, 1856-04, Meyer, Karl, Miss. 
 
 to, 1804-0. 
 Jerusalem, (Feura Bush,) 17. .. Van Iluysen, 1793-1825, Kissam, 1828- 
 
 41, Van Santvoord, S. 1845-7, Compton, 1854-00, Gulick, A. V. 1860-5, 
 
 Millspaugh, 1800— 
 Johnsborough, 1819. Center, Miss, to, 1823. 
 Johnstown, (Western allotment of Kingsborough,) 1818. Amcrman, 
 
 1817-21, Van Vechten, S. 1823-4, Van O'Linda, Miss, to, 1824, Stryker, 
 
 II. B. Miss, to, 1830. 
 Johnstown, Secession, 1822. Independent. Amerman, A. 1821-43, Wcstcr- 
 
 velt, J. P. 1845-55. 
 Kakiat, now West New-Hempstead, and Clarkstown. 
 
302 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. 1851. Gardeneir, 1855, Klyn, 1856-62, Vander Meulen, 
 18GJ-8, Kriekaard, 1868— 
 
 Kanagawa, see Japan. 
 
 Kattambadi, see India. 
 
 Keokuk, 1865. Baay, Miss, to, 1860-2, pastor, 1862-5, disbanded. 
 
 Kewascum, Wis. station. Mattice, Miss, to, 1862-4, Wilson, C. D. Miss, 
 to, 1864-7. 
 
 Keyport, 1847. Chapman, N. F. Miss, to, 1848-9, Minor, Miss, to, 1850-1, 
 Searle, J. Miss, to, 1851-3, Lockwood, 1854 — 
 
 KiNDEKHOOK, 1712, A preaching station of Albany, 1700-12. Van Dries- 
 sen, P. supplied, 1712-27, also Ehle, 1720-. ., Van Driessen, J. 1727-35, 
 supplied by Van Driessen, P. Van Schie, and Frelinghuysen, J. 1735-56, 
 Frelinghuysen, F. called, 1753, but died ; Fryenmoet, 1756-77, (Ritzema, 
 1778-88,) Labagh, I. 1789-99, Sickles, 1801-35, Van Aken, 1834-5, Heer- 
 mance, Plenry, 1835-6, Vandervoort, 1837-42, Van Zandt, B. 1842-53, 
 Bronson, 1854-7, Berry, J. R. 1857-63, Collier, Edward, 1864— 
 
 Kinderhook 2d, 1834. Cushing, 1834-5. 
 
 Kings Co., L.T. 1654. A general name embracing the collegiate charges of 
 Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bushwick, New-Utrecht, Flatbush, and, at times, 
 Gravesend. 
 
 Kingston, (Esopus,) 1659. Blom, 1660-7, Tasschemacher, 1676-78, Van 
 Gaasbeek, 1678-80, Weekstein, 1681-7, Vandenbosch, 1687-91, (Van 
 Bosen, 1691-3,)? Nucella, 1695-1704, Beys, 1706-8, Vas, 1710-32, Man- 
 cius, 1732-56, Meyer, H. 1703-72, Doll, 1775-1808, Gosraan, 1808-35, 
 Lillie, 1836-41, Van Wagenen, 1841-4, Hoes, 1845-67, Van Derveer, 
 1867— 
 
 Kingston, (Ger.) 17. .. Gross, 1773-83. 
 
 Kingston 2d, 1849. Smuller, 1850-3, Du Bois, A. 1854-9, Collier, Jos, 
 1859-64, Stitt, 1865— 
 
 Kiskatom, 1833. Van Liew, J. C. 1883-4, HofF, 1835^2, Lyall, 1844-7, 
 See, J. L. 1847-50, Compton, 1851-4, Eckel, 1854-5, Case, 1857-60, 
 Rockwell, Chs. 1860-8, See, W. G. E. 1868— 
 
 Kistigirene, another name, or an error, for Niskayuma, M.G.8. i. 255. 
 
 Kleyn Esopus, now Esopus. 
 
 Knowlton, Warren Co. N.J. 17... Chitara, 1787-92, Wack, 0. supplied. 
 1792-1809, Wack, J. J. also supplied, 1798-1805, (Presbyterian, Talmage, 
 Jehiel, 1816-43.) 
 
 Knox, 1841. Knieskern, 1841-5, Lane, 1857-60, Comfort, 1860-3, Vedder, 
 1863-8. 
 
TUE CHUKCIIKS. 303 
 
 Kolongsoo, sec China. 
 Kriim, same as Hillsdale. 
 Kundipatoor, see India. 
 La Fayette, 18G3. Duryea, W. R. 1804— 
 Lakeville, same as Success. 
 
 Lansing, (station.) Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) Miss, to, 1848. 
 Lansingburgh, 17.., Lupton, 1788-9, called also Stone Arabia, but not to be 
 confounded with the place now known by that name. 
 
 Lawvervili.e, (Xew-Rhinebeck,) 1788. Labagh, L 1803-14, Jones, N. 
 1816-20, Labagh, L 1823-7, Raymond, 1829-32, Bassler, 18 33-8, Lock- 
 head, 1839-43, Spaulding, 184G-52, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1853-5, Raymond 
 1850-64, VanWoert, 18G7— 
 
 Lebanon, (Ger. Ref.) (Rockaway,) 1740. Wirtz, 1750-01, Kails, 1757-0, 
 Dallicker, 1770-82, AVack, C. 1782-1800, (R.D.C. 1813.) Schultz, 1810- 
 34, Wack, C. P. 1835-40, Van Amburgh, 1840-8, Steele, J. 1848-53, 
 Van Amburgh, 1853-09. 
 
 Leeds, (Catskill, Madison,) 1732. AYeiss ? 1731-6, Schuneman, 1753-04, 
 Labagh, 1798-1809, Wynkoop, P. S. 1814^17, Wyckoff, L N. 1818-34, 
 VanLiew, J. C. 1832-3, Hoff, 1835^2, Romeyn, Jas. 1842-4, Slinger- 
 land, 1844-5, Betts, 1845-50, Minor, 1851-0, Searle, S. T. 1857— 
 
 • LeRoy, Jefferson Co. N.Y. 1821. 
 
 Leyden Center, 1807. Johnson, H. H. (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 LiNLiTHGO, (Livingston Manor,) 1722. Van Driessen, J. (S.S.) 1722-38, 
 Van Hovenbcrgh, supplied, 1743-50, Fryenmoet, 1750-70, supplied by 
 Livingston, J. H. 1779-81, Lansing, Nic. 1781^, Romeyn, Jer. 1788- 
 1800, Vedder, Herman, supplied, 1800-14, Kittle, 1815-27, Holmes, E. 
 1827-35, Van Wagenen, 1835-41, Fonda, J. D. 1842-7, Crispell, 1847-57, 
 Shepard' 1858-07, Kip, F. M. (Jr.) 1807— 
 
 Lisha's Kill, 1852. Wells, 1855-8, De Baum, J. A. 1858— 
 
 Little Falls, N.J. 1837. Stryker, H. B. Miss, to, 1823-7, Ogiline, Mis-s. 
 
 to, 1827-9, Wilson, Jos. 1838^5, Vedder, E. 1845-9, Cruikshank, J. C. 
 
 1850-08. 
 Livingston Manor, 1700-10. Now embracing the churclics of Linlithgo, 
 
 Tnghkanic, Greenbush, (CI. of Hudson,) etc. 
 Livingston, (station.) Evans, Wm. Miss, to, 1826. 
 LoDi, N.Y. 1825. (See Ovid.) Messier, 1825-8, Bennett, A. 1829-38, Liddell, 
 
 1838^8, Garretson, G. J. 1849-52, Van Neste, G. 1853-65, Collier, 1. 
 
 H. 1807— 
 LoDi, N.J. 1859. Huyssoon, 1859-64, Wust, 1804-8. 
 
304 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Long Branch, 1851. Conklin, Miss, to, 184Y-51, Wilson, Jas. B. 1851— 
 
 Low- Pkaiiue, 111. 1835. Ypuma, 1853-61, Bolks, 1862-5, Koopman, 1865- 
 8, Zwemer, 1868— 
 
 Lower Canajoharie, 1773. 
 
 Lower Red Hook, see Red Hook Landing. 
 
 Lower Schoharie, 17. .. 
 
 Lyons, 1833. Nevius, Miss, to, 1835. 
 
 Lysander, Onondaga Co. N.Y. 1828. Stevenson, Miss, to, 1827-8, Quaw, 
 Miss, to, 1829-30, Marcellus, 1830-1, Williams, M. B. 1834-7, Knight, 
 R. W. 1846-48, Bradford, W. W. 1849-55, Van Vranken, F. V. 1861-5, 
 Enders, 1866— 
 
 Macao, see China. 
 
 Macon, Mich. 1849. Taylor, A. B. 1819-52, ^Kershow, 1853-5, Beidler, 
 1856-7, Heermance, Har. 1857-62, Skillman, 1863— 
 
 Madison, now Leeds. 
 
 Mahakemack, now Deer Park. 
 
 Majiakating, (Wurtsboro, Rome,) 1803. Du Bois, G. 1820^, Van 
 Vechten, S. 1824-9, Edwards, (S.S.) 1831^, Drake, 1842-4, Hillman, 
 1846-9, Cruikshank, (S.S.) 1849-53, Searle, S. 1853-9, Du Bois, John, 
 1859-66, Fnizee, 1866— 
 
 Manayunk, see Philadelphia. 
 
 Manheim, (Snell's Bush,) 1770 , Goetschius, S. Z. Miss, to, 
 
 1822, Ketchum, 1823-30, Manley, J. 1831-3, Murphy, 1834-6, Weidman, 
 1837-^1, Du Bois, John, 1843-5, Meyers, A. H. 1848-52, Weidman, 
 1852-60, Stanbrough, 1861— 
 
 Mapeng, see China. 
 
 Mapeltown. 1801. (See Canajoharie.) Toll, 1803-15, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 
 1820-6, Vanderveer, J. Miss, to, 1823, Van Vechten, S. Mis^. to, 1823-4, 
 Van Keuren, Miss, to, 1824, Van Olinda, 1830-1, Hangen, 1832-6, Heer- 
 mance, Har. 1837-40, Carle, 1848-51, Buckelew, 1852-5, Quick, J. J. 
 1856-62, Whitbeck, R. M. (S.S.) 1863^, Compton, (S.S.) 1864. 
 
 Marbletown, (Marmerton, Mormelton,) 1737. Frelinghuysen, Jac. called, 
 1753, but d. Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, Romeyn, D. 1766-75, Harden- 
 bergh, J. R. 1781-6, Van Home, A. 1789-95, Goetschius, S. 1796-1814, 
 Carle, 1814-26, Paulison, 1826-9, Van Dyck, C. L. 1829-53, McNair, 
 1855-9, Shaw, W. A. 1859-60, McNair, 1860-7, Brush, W. W. 1868— 
 
 Marbletown 2d, (Worth or North,) 1851. Lippincott, (S.S.) 1851-6, 
 Harris, 1867— 
 
 Marbletown, (Conferentie,) same as New-Paltz 2d. 
 
THE CHURCHES. 305 
 
 Marmcrton, now Marbletown. 
 Mariaville, 1843. Donald, 1814-50. 
 Marsliallvillc, 1831. 
 Martinsburgh, Lewis Co. N.Y. 1827. 
 
 MayfieKl, Fulton Co. N.Y. 1793. Ten Eyck, 1799-1812, Amcrman, A. 
 1817-21, Van Olinda, Miss, to, 1824, Van Vcchten, S. Miss, to, 1823-4. 
 
 Manfield, Independent, 1821. Amcrman, A. 1821-43, "Wcstcrvelt, J. P. 
 1845-55. 
 
 Medina, Mich. 184G. Ilccrmance, liar. 1S4G-51. 
 
 Mellenville, see Clavcrack 2d. 
 
 Melrose, (Ger.) 1854. Scbroepfer, 1855 -Gl, Dablman, 1861-3, "Wagner, 
 1800-7, Meuri, 18G7— 
 
 Metuciien, 1857. Thompson, J. B. 1859-GG, Bogert, N. J. M. 18G7— 
 
 MiDDLEBCRGii, (UppcF Schoharic,) 1732 ? Van Nest, R. 1774-85, De Voc, 
 1808-1.., Scbcrmerhorn, J. F. 1817-27, Garretson, J. 1827-33, Steele, 
 J. B. 1833-8, Boyd, Joshua, 1840-2, West, 1845-52, See, I. M. 1852-4, 
 Vedder, E. 1855-63, Bogardus, W. E. supplied, 1863, Lott, 1863— 
 
 MiDDLEBUSH, 1834. Schultz, 1834-8, Van Doren, J. A. 1838-66, Swain, 
 1866-8, Mershon, 18G9— 
 
 .MroDLEPORT, 1852. De Puy, 1856, Jones, N. W. 1856-60, Van VIeck, J. 
 18G2-4, Du Bois, J. 1866— 
 
 Middletown, N. Y. 17. .. Close, 179..-1803, Toll, 1803-22, Palmer, 1818-20, 
 Van Hook, Miss, to, 1822, Boyd, Josh. Miss, to, 182G-7. 
 
 Middletown, N.Y. Secession, 1822. 
 
 Middletown, N. J. now Holmdel. 
 
 Middletown- Village, 1836. Crawford, 1839-40, Millspaugh, 1841-66, 
 Seibert, 1866— 
 
 Midwout, a name including the several churches in Kings Co. L. I. See 
 Kings Co. 
 
 MiLESviLLE, 1858. Bochrer, 1862-6, Schnellendrcusslcr, 1868— 
 
 MiLLBUooK, 186G. Cobb, 11. E. 18GG— 
 
 Millstone, now Ilarlingen. Prior to 176G, Millstone, in the minutes, 
 always means Ilarlingen. (See Millstone Centennial.) 
 
 Millstone, see Hillsborough. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 1851. Klyn, 1852-4, Bolks, 1855-61, Vandcr Meulen, 
 John, 1862— 
 
 MiNA CoRXEus, 1856. Dunnewold, supplied, 1856-60, pastor, 1860-68. 
 20 
 
306 THE CHURgHES. 
 
 Minaville, now Florida. 
 Minden, 18. . . 
 
 MiNisiNK, (Nominack,) 1737. Fryenmoet, 1741-5G, Romeyn, T. 1760-72, 
 Van Bunschooten, E. 1785-1800, Demarest, John, 1803-8, Eltinge, C. 0. 
 1816-37, Ayres, 1838-41, Bookstaver, 1841-7, (Morse, J. G. Presbyt. 
 supply, 1848-9,) Demarest, John T. 1850-2, Jones, D. A. 1852-8, Gates, 
 1860-2, Cornell, Wm. 1862-3, Moore, W. S. 1864— 
 
 Mohawk, 1838. Murphy, 1840-3, Starks, 1843-52, Slingerland, 1855-6, 
 Hammond, J. W. 1856-9, Mott, C. D. 1859-64, Slingerland, 1865-6, 
 Consaul, (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 Mombacus, now Rochester. 
 
 Montgomery, (Wallkill, or New-Paltz 2d,?) 1732. Vrooman, 1752-3, Kern, 
 1771-8, Van Nest, R. 1774-85, Froeligh, M. 1788-1817, Fonda, Jesse, 
 1817-27, Lee, R. P. 1829-58, Van Zandt, A. B. 1859— 
 
 MoNTViLLE, (Persippany, or Boonton,) 1756. Marinas, supplied, 1756-68, 
 (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8,) Myer, H. supplied, 1772-91, Ostrander, S. 
 1794-1810, Kuypers, W. P. 1801-5, Brinkerhoff, 1821-4, Messier, Miss. 
 to, 1824, Morris, J. Miss, to, 1825, Tarbell, Miss, to, 1826, Ogilvie, 
 1826-7, Messier, 1829-32, Cornell, F. F. 1833-6, Woods, 1838, Lord, 
 Jer. L. 1840-43, Janeway, J. L, 1843-50, Conklin, 1851— 
 
 Montville, Secession, 1824. Brinkerhoff, J. G., Miss, to, 1824, again, 
 1825-30. 
 
 MoRESviLLE, 1836. Knight, Wm. (S.S.) 1841-2, Hillman, 1843-5, Evans, 
 1849-53, Eckel, 1853-4, Buckelew, 1859-64. 
 
 Mormelton, now Marbletown. 
 
 MoTT Haven, 1851. Van Doren, W. T. 1852-3, De Puy, 1853-4, Enyard, 
 
 1858-65, Du Bois, 1866— 
 MoTTViLLE, Mich. 1849. Secber, 1849-51, Bailey, 1856-63, Beardsley, 
 
 1863-4. 
 
 Mt. Morris, 1839. Hammond, 1842-5. 
 
 3ft. Morris, Secession, 1828. Brinkerhoff, J. G. 1 844-. . . 
 
 Mt, Pleasant, now Stanton, N.J. 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, now Greenport, N.Y. 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, see New- York. 
 
 Mt. Vernon, 1853. Snyder, B. F. Miss, to, 1852-4, See, L M. 1854-64, 
 Hutton, M. H. 1864— 
 
 Mudnapilly, see India. 
 
 Muskegon, Mich. 1859. Houbolt, 1864 — 
 
THE CHURCHES. 307 
 
 Naponocli, now Wawarsinj. 
 
 Nassai-, (Union Yillase.) 1S03. Bork, 1R03-8, Fonda, Jesse, 1808-13, 
 Van IJiiren, P. lS14-'2i), Romeyn, Jas. 1820-7, Morris, J. V. 1820-32, 
 Hunt, C. 1832-7, Knox, J. P. 1838-41, Holmes, 1841-ol, Steele, 11. II. 
 1852-G3, Collier, I. H. 1801-0, Brush, A. II. 1867 — 
 
 Naumberg, (Ger.) 1855. Wolf, 1850-60, Becker, 1860— 
 
 Navcsink, (Xeversink,) see Freehold and Ilolmdel. 
 
 Ne-Shanic, (Shannick, Nechanic, New-Shannock,) 1758. Ilardenbcrgh, J. 
 R. 1758-61, Van Ilarlingen, J. M. 1762-95, Froeliirh, S. 1780-6, 
 Smith, W. R. 1794-1817, Polhemus, II. 1798-1808, Labagh, P. 1809-21, 
 Ludlow, G. 1821— 
 
 Nestcgauna, now Niskayuna. 
 
 Neversink, (IT G. S. i. 19, 22,) an error for Minisink. 
 
 Neversink, see Xavesink. 
 
 Neversink, now Fallsburgh. 
 
 NewArastel, (New-Castle,) Del. 1G42. (Campanius, John, 1G42-54, Swe- 
 dish.) R. D. C. 1654, oiganized by Polhemus, on his way from Brazil. 
 "Wclius, 1657-9, Hadson called, d. on passage, 1664, Tasschemacher, 
 1678-80. (Now Presbj^t. Full account in SpotswooiVs Histoi'ical Ser- 
 mon.) 
 
 "New-Amsterdam, now New-York. 
 
 Newark, 1833. AYells, R. 1835-42, Scott, Jas. 1843-58, Terhune, 1859— 
 
 Newark 2d, 1848. Williamson, G. R. 1848-9, Van Brunt supplied, 1849, 
 Abeel, G. 1849-64, Riddle, M. B. 1805-9. 
 
 Newark 3d, 1848. Serenbets, 1849, Lehlback, 1850-61. 
 
 Newark, North, 1856. Polhemus, A. May-Oct. 1857, Du Bois, II. 1859- 
 61,Demarcst, Jas. (Jr.) 1803-6, Hart, 1867— 
 
 Newark, West, 1866. Wenisch, 1867— 
 
 Newark, SocTn, 1868. (Clinton Av.) 
 
 New-Baltimore, 1836. Cornell, J. A. II. 1843-8, Peltz, 1848-51, Davies,. 
 1852-0, Gardner, 1856-60, Strong, R. G. 1861 — 
 
 New-Bremen, 1855. Wolf, 1856-60, Becker, 1860— 
 
 New-Bkuxswick, (see Three Mile Run,) 1717. Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720- 
 48, Lcydt, J. 1748-83, Hardenbergh, J. R. 1780-90, Condict, 1793-1811,, 
 Schurcman, 1812-13, Fonda, Jesse, 1813-17, Ludlow, J. 1817-19, Ferris,. 
 I. 1821-4, Hardenbergh. J. B. 1825-9, Janeway, J. J. 1830-1, How,. 
 1832-61, Steele, R, H. 1863— 
 
308 THE CHUKCHES. 
 
 New-Brunswick 2d, 1843. Demarest, D. D. 1843-52, Woodbridge, 1852- 
 
 7, Wilson, IT. M. 1858-62, Schenck, J. W. 1863-6, Hartranft, 186T— 
 
 New-Brunswick 3d, (Ger.) 1851. Serenbets, 1851—4, Schneeweiss, 1855- 
 
 8, Hones, (S.S.) 1858-60, Meyer, C. (S.S.) 1863^, Cludius, 1865-6, 
 Meyer, C. (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 Newburgd, 1835. Cruikshank, AY. 1835-8, Fisher, I. M. 1838-9, Yan- 
 dcrveer, F. H. 1839-42, Yan Zandt, A. B. 1842-9, McLaren, 1850-9, 
 Mandeville, G. H. 1859— 
 
 New-Concord, 1856. Decker, 1857-60, Jansen, 1860-4, Jones, D. A. 1864 
 
 -7, Bevier, (S.S.) 1867— 
 New-Dcrhaji, 1843. Taylor, W. J. R. 1844-6, Mabon, W. Y. Y. 1846— 
 
 Newfoundland, N. J. 1815. 
 
 New-Hackensack, 1758. Rysdyck, 1765-89, Yan Yranken, N. 1791-1804, 
 
 Barcolo, 1805-10, De Witt, T. 1812-26, Dwight, M. W. 1826-33, Yan 
 
 Cleef, C. 1833-66, Ward, 1867— 
 
 New-Harlem, same as Harlem. 
 New-Harlem, same as Fonda's Bush. 
 
 New-Haven, (South Ch. Cong.) Ct. 1852. (Stiles supplied, 1852-7, Noyes, 
 1857-61, Carroll, 1861-8.) Ref. Ch. 1868. Carroll, 1868-9, Brush, W. 
 (S.S.) 1809— 
 
 New-Hempstead, now Clarkstown. 
 
 New-Hurley, 1770. Goetschius, S. 1775-96, Meyer, J. H. 1799-1808, 
 Froeligh, P. D. 1807-16, Bogardus, W, R. 1817-28, Yanderveer, F. H. 
 1829-39, Demarest, Wm. 1840-5, Slingerland, 1846-54, Comfort, 1854 — 
 
 Neav-Lots, 1824. Cruikshank, W. 1824-34, Baldwin, J. C. 1836-52, 
 Yan Buren, J. M. 1852— 
 
 New-Millstone, same as Hillsborough and Millstone. 
 
 New Paltz, 1683. Originall}- French Ref. Daille supplied occasionally, 1683 
 -96, (supplied chief!}' by ministers from Kingston ? 1696-1727,) Yan Dries- 
 sen, J. supplied, 1727-36, 1751, Schunema, 1753^, Chalker, 1760 ? Goet- 
 schius, J. M. 1760-71, Goetschius, S. 1775-96, Meyer, J. H. 1799-1803, 
 Froeligh, P. D. 1807-16, Bogardus, W. R. 1817-31, Yan Olinda, 1832-14, 
 Yandervoort, 1845-8, Stitt, 1848-65, Peltz, 1865— 
 
 New-Paltz 2d, Conferentie, see Montgomery; 1752. Yrooman, 1752-3, 
 Yan Nest, R. 1774-83, reunited. 
 
 New-Prospect, 1816. Wilson, A. D. 1810-29, Shimeall, 1829-31, Ward, 
 J. W. 1832-7, Demarest, J. T. 1837-41, Moore, W. S. 1850-6, Hamilton, 
 1857-63, Connitt, 1866— 
 
 New-Rhinebeck, now Lawyerville. 
 
 New-Rochelle, (Ger.) 1858. 
 
TIIK CIIUKCIIES. 309 
 
 New-Sai-em, (Salem,) 17.... Van lliiysen, 1793-1825, Blair, Miss, to 
 1825, Dumont, Miss, to, 182G, Boice, I. C. 1820-9, Fort, 1829-30, West- 
 fall, S. V. E. 1837-i7, Van Santvoonl, S. (S.S.) 1843-4, Middlemas, 
 1854-5, Lansing, A. G. 1858-01, Slauson, 1801-G, Korshow, 18G8— 
 
 New-Shannock, same as Nc-Shanic. 
 
 New-Stissing, 17. .. 
 
 Newtox, L.I. 1731. (Van Basten, 1739-40,) Goetschius, J. H. 1741-8, 
 Romeyn, Thos. 1754-GO, Boelen, 1766-80, Froeligh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, 
 R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. IL 1794-1802, Schoonmaker, J. 1802^9, Gar- 
 retson, G. L 1835-49, Strong, T. C. 1849-59, Anderson, W. A. 1859-66, 
 Shepard, 1867— 
 
 Newton 2d, 1855. Dickhaut, 1856-61, Wenisch, 1865-6, Steinfuhrer, 
 1867— 
 
 Newtown, (CI. Ren.) 1803. 
 
 New-Utueciit, 1677. Van Zuuren, 1077-85, (Clark, Jas. 1680-95,) Varick, 
 1685-94, Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides, 1705-44, 
 Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1747-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 
 1759-83, Schoonmaker, M. 1785-1824, Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Beattie, 
 1809-34, Currie, 1835-60, Sutphen, 1807— 
 
 New-Youk, (New-Amsterdam,) 1019. Embracing Collegiate Churches ; (at 
 first, worship was conducted in different buildings, then at Old Slip, and 
 then in the fort on the Batterj^, till 1693.) 
 
 ,^ South, 169-3, (Garden st.) burned, 1813; now South Dutch. 
 I Middle, 1727. (Nassau st.) till 1844; Ninth st. 1836-54, now La 
 I Fayette Place, since 1839. 
 ,NoKTn, 1767. (Fulton st.) 
 TwENTY-NixTH St. 1854. 
 
 Forty-Sf.cond St. 1868. Michaelius, 1628-33,? Bogardus, E. 1633- 
 47, Backerus, 1647-9, Megapolensi?, J. 1649-64, Drisius, 1652-71. 
 Megapolensis, S. 1664-8, Van Nicwenhuysen, 1671-5, again, 1676- 
 82, Selyns, 1682-1701, Du Bois, Gualterus, 1699-1751, Boel, 
 1713-54, Ritzema, 1744-84, De Ronde, 1751-84, Laidlie, 1764-79, 
 Livingston, J. L. 1770-1810, Linn, 1784-1805, Kuypers?, G. A. 
 1789-18.33, Abeel, J. N. 1794-1812, Schureman, 1809-11, Brod- 
 head, 1809-13, Milledoler, 1813-25, Knox, 1816-58, Strong, P. N. 
 1816-26, Brownlee, 1826^8, De Witt, T. 1827—, Vermilye, T. E. 
 1839—, Chambers, 1849—, Duryea, Jos. T. 1862-7, McNair, Miss, 
 pastor at North Ch. Fulton st. 1867—, Ludlow, Jas. M. 1868— 
 
 African Church, 1823, Jordan, 1826-9. 
 
 Bloomin'gd.\le, 1805. Bogart, D. S. 1806-7, Gunn, 1809-29, Kip, 
 F. M. 1830-1, supplied by L P. Labagh, 1831-2, Burtiss, 1834, 
 Van A ken, E. 1835— 
 
310 THE CHUECHES. 
 
 Broadway, afterward Stanton st. 1843. Lillie, 1843-8. In 1848, be- 
 came Presbyterian. 
 
 Broome St., moved to Thirty -fourth st, in 1860. 
 
 Central, see Ninth St. 
 
 ( German Reformed, 1758, (Nassau st.) (Rosencrantz, 1758-9, Kails, 
 
 1759-60, Rothenbergler, 1761-2.) (R. D. C. 1763.) Kern, 1768- 
 72, Foering, 1772^, Gebhard, 177-^6, Gross, 1783-8, Milledoler, 
 
 ; 1795-1805, Will, 1802, Runkle, 1805-12, Dreyer, 1812-14, Smith, 
 ....,Labagh, , 1814-22, Knouse, 1823-7, Mills, 1823-33, 
 
 ^ (Smith, Lewis, a Lutheran, 1833-8,) Ebaugh, 1838-9, again 1844- 
 
 51, ? ? He was recognized as pastor, but without a people, for 
 
 many years. From 1823-38, this church claimed independency 
 of Classis, and afterward became involved in tedious litigation. 
 
 • Gee. Evangel. Miss. (Houston st.) 1838. Rudy, 1839-42, Guldin, 
 
 1842-63, Geyer, 1863— 
 
 Geb. Evang. 2d, 1848. (Grand st.) Steins, 1849, Birkey, 1852-65. 
 
 Ger. Evang. 3d, 1852. Dickhaut, 1854, Friedel, 1856— 
 
 j Ger. Evang. 4th, 1854. Schwedes, 1855, (1866, Ger. Ref.) 
 
 Ger. Ref. D. 4th, 1858. Oerter, 1858— 
 
 ; Greenwich, 1803. (Cor. Bleecker and Amos sis.) Rowan, 1807-19, 
 
 Hardenbergh, C. 1820-1, Marselus, 1822-58, Van Arsdale, C. C. 
 1852-4, Marvin, 1855-8, Strong, T. C. 1859-66. 
 
 Harlem, 1660. Supplied by Ministers from New-York, generally, 
 j 1660-1744, Beys, 1710, Ritzema, 1744-65, Schoonmaker, M. 1765- 
 
 84, Jackson, J. F. 1792-1806, Romeyn, J. 1807-14, Yermeule, 
 1816-36, Schoonmaker, L, 1837^7, Lord, Jer. 1848-69. 
 
 Harlem, (Ger.) 1853. Bielfield, 1855. 
 
 Holland Cn. 1866. Uiterwyck, 1866-8. 
 
 Houston St., see Seventh Avenue. 
 
 King St., Secession, 1823, "Westervelt, S. D. 1839-50, Demarest, 
 C. T. 1851-68, Van Houten, 1865— 
 
 Livingston Ch. (Eighth Av.) 1851. Lloyd, 1851-3, McGregor, 1855, 
 Zabriskie, F. N. 1856-9, united with Thirty-fourth St. 
 
 Madison St. Chapel, 1861. Hardenbergh, J. B. 1861, Blauvelt, A. 
 assistant 1861. 
 
 Manhattan, 1829. (Av. B.) Knouse, 1829-38, Van Kleek, 1835, 
 Marcellus, 1835-6, Cornell, F. F. 1836-56, Collier, Ezra, 1854-6, 
 Wiggins, 1857 — 
 
THE cnuRcnKS. 
 
 311 
 
 lilAUKET St., 1S19. McMurray, 1820-35, Ferris, I. 183G-52, Cuyler, 
 
 T. L. 1854-9, Butcher, 18G3-C. 
 Mt. Pleasant, (Fiftieth st.) 18-iG. Brett, P. M. 184G-51, Jameson, 
 
 1852-G2, Miller, W. II. 1862-3, See, I. M. 1864-7, disbanded. 
 Ninth St., 1831. Kip, F. M. 1831-6, (from 1836-54, belonged to 
 
 Collegiate Ch.,) Van Zandt, A. B. 185C-9. 
 North St. 1833. How, S. B. Miss, to, 1828-9, Messier, Miss, to, 
 
 1828-9. 
 North-Trinity, R. D. C. 1861. (Cor. Broadway and Thirty-Fourth st.) 
 Nokth-West, 180r. (In Franklin st, till 1854, now in 23d st.) 
 
 Bork, 1808-23, Du Bois, G. 1824-37, Hunt, 1837-39, supplied 
 
 by Ilarkness, 1840, Ilardenbergh, 1840-56, Gansc, 1856— 
 Orchard St., 1826. Teller, 1826-9, Abeel, D. supplied, 1829, Ilar- 
 denbergh, J. B. 1829-30, supplied by Janeway, J. J. 1830-1, by 
 
 Labagh, I. P. 1831-2. 
 Prospect Hill, 1860. Quackenbush, 1860— 
 Rivington St., (station,) Shimeall, Miss, to, 1827-8. 
 Sanctity Ch. (Ger.) 17... 
 Seventh Avenue, (Houston St.,) 1823. Baldwin, E. 1825-39, De 
 
 Mund, 1839-48, Whitehead, 1848-9, Gordon, 1849-58, Dutcher 
 
 1858-9, disbanded. 
 Seventh Av. (Ger.) 1857. 
 South DuTcn. In 1813, withdrew from the Collegiate Ch. In Garden 
 
 St. till 1835, when it divided into Murray St. (since 1848, Fifth 
 
 Avenue,) and Washington Square. Mathews, 1813-35, Hutton, M. 
 
 S. 1834-5, Macauley, 1837-61, Rogers, 1862— ; 
 
 Stanton St., see Broadway. 
 
 Stuyvesant's Bouwerie, 1660. Selyns, 1660-64. 
 
 Twenty-First St., 1836. May, 1839-48, Van Nest, A. R. 1848-62, 
 Bethune, 1859-62, Thompson, A. R. 1862— (Now, 1869, in For- 
 tieth St.) 
 
 TniRTT-FocRTn St., (Formerly Broome St.) 1823. McLean, 1824-ft, 
 Brodhead, 1826-37, Van Vranken, S. A. 1837-41, Fisher, G. H. 
 1841-55,Voorhces, H.V. 1855-6, Stryker, 1856-68, Riley, 1.1868— 
 
 TuiRTY-XixTH St., (station,) 18G7. Clark, W. H. Miss, to, 1867— 
 
 Union, 1859, (Sixth Av.) Formed by the union of the Seventh Av. 
 
 Ch. and the West II. D. C. Dutcher, 1859-63, Hartley, 1864— 
 
 Vandewater St, 1830. Dey, 1830-1. 
 
 WAsniNGTON Heights, 1843. Whitehead, Chas. 1854-62, Voorhees, 
 II. M. 1862-5. 
 
312 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ■Washington Squake, 1837. Mathews, 1837-42, Huiton, 1837 — 
 West R. D. C. (Sixth Av.) 1850. Gary, 1851, McKee, 1852-8. 
 Yorkville, (station,) Fre}', Miss, to, 1827. 
 
 NiSKAYUNA, (Nestegauna,) 17. .. Demarest, J. 1790-1803, Romeyn, T. 1806- 
 27, McKelvey, J. 1827-31, Van Wagenen, 1831-5, Raymond, 1836-50, 
 Talmage, G. 1851-5, Wells, C. L. 1855-8, DeBaun, J. A. 1858— 
 
 Nominack, now Minisink. 
 
 Noordelors, 1855. 
 
 Noord-HoUand, now North-Holland. 
 
 Norman's Kill, 1783 ? 
 
 NoRKis, 111. (station,) Bogardus, W. E. Miss, to, 1868— 
 
 North-Bergen, (Ger.) 1853. Mohn, 1854-6, Becker, 1857-60, Justin, 
 1865— 
 
 North-Blenheim, 1850. Scribner, (S.S.) 1847-8, Van Woert, 1850-3, See, 
 W. G. E. 1853-9, Shafer, 1860-7, Vandewater, 1867-9. 
 
 North-Branch, now Readington. 
 
 Nokth-Branch, 1825. Fisher, G. H. 1826-30, Wilson, A. D. 1831-8, Camp- 
 bell, J. K. 1838-54, Doolittle, P. M. 1856— 
 
 Nokth-Creek, 111. 1862. 
 
 North-Esopds, 1851. Taylor, W. 1853^, Meyers,^ A. H. 1855-6, Van 
 Dyck, C. L. 1857-66, Arcularius, 1866— 
 
 North-Gowanus, see Brooklyn. 
 
 North and South Hampton, 1721. (Ger. Ref. till 1771, then D.R.) Fre- 
 linghuysen often supplied, 1721-31, Dorstius, 1731-48, Goetschius, 1738- 
 40, Du Bois, Jonathan, 1750-72, (pastor, name unknown, 1773-80 ?) ace. 
 to letter from Classis of Amsterdam, 1775, to Ger. Coetiis ; (see also 
 Earlaugh, ii. 381 ;) Leydt, M. 1780-3, Stryker, P. 1788-90, Brush, J. 
 0. 1794-6, Larzalere, 1797-1828, Halsey, A. 0. 1829-67, Knowlton, 
 1860^, De Hart, 1868— 
 
 North-Hempstead, 1816. (Success, 1731.) (Van Basten, 1739-40.) Goet- 
 schius, J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn, Thos. 1754-60, Boelen, 1766-72, Froeligh, 
 S. 1775-6, Van Nest, R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 179^1824, Bogert, D. 
 S. 1813-26, Heermance, Henry, 1826-7, Otterson, 1828-34, Robb, 1835- 
 7, Gordon, 1838-43, Sheffield, 1843-6, Schoonmaker, R. L. 1847-52, 
 Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 1853-9, Boice, 1859— 
 
 North-Hoboken, 18 
 
 North-Holland, Mich. 1852, revived, 1856. (Noord-Holland.) Oggel, E. 
 0. 1866— 
 
THE CHUKCUES. 313 
 
 North-Marbletown, see Marbletown 2il. 
 
 NouTiuMHKiu.AN-D, 18. . . . Miiir, 18-29-31, May, 1835-8, Wyckoff, C. 1838 
 -41, Slaiison, 184:-l-52, Van Wyclc, P. 1854-7, McCartney, 1857-ii3, 
 Markle, 1804-5, Kellogg, 1807 — 
 
 NvACK, 1838. Brett, P. M. 1838-42, llaganian, C. S. 1843-52, Van Zandt, 
 B. 1852-5, Lord, I). 185G-G0, Marvin, 1860— 
 
 Oak Hill, 17. .. Labagh, P. 1798-1809, Van Zandt, P. 1823, Ostrandcr, 
 
 5. 1824-31. 
 
 Old Stissing, (Ger.) 17 . . . 
 
 Olive, now Shokan. 
 
 OxiSQUETHAW, 1839. Existed previously as Presbyt. Van Santvoord, S. 
 1839-04, Millspaugh, 1800— 
 
 OosTBCRO, "Wis. 1854. Yander Scheur, 1856-00, Karsten, 1807 — 
 
 Oppenheim, 18. . . De Yoe, 1811-10. 
 
 Oppenheini 2d, 1822. Vanderveer, John, Miss, to, 1823. 
 
 Osquak, (Asquach,) 18 . . . Morris, J. Miss, to, 1829. 
 
 Osquack, Secession, (Asquach,) 1823. Goetschius, S. Z. 1823-4. 
 
 OvERYSSEL, Mich. 1851. Organization came from Holland. Bolks, 1851-3, 
 . Nykerk, 1858— 
 
 Ovid, 1808. Brokaw, Ab. 1808-22, Vanderveer, F. H. Miss, to, 1823, Van- 
 derveer, J. Miss, to, 1823, Van Vechten, S. Miss, to, 1823-4, Moiris, J. 
 1824-8. See Lodi. 
 
 Ovid, Secession, 1822. McNeil, 183 . . 
 
 OwASCO, 17 . . . Brokaw, Ab. 179 . . -1808, Brinkerhoff, G. G. 1809-12, 
 Ten Eyck, C. 1812-27, Hammond, J. 1831-9, Evan.^ Win. 1839^0, 
 Dutcher, 1846-50, Raymond, 1851-3, Ingalls, 1853-04, Pceke, A. P. 
 1865— 
 
 Oicasco, Secession, 1823. McNeil, 1823-3. ., Johnson, Wm. 1838—? 
 
 OwASCO Outlet, (Sand Beach,) 1812. Ten Eyck, C; 1812-27, Westfall, 
 1827-8, Dunlap, Miss, to, 1828-9, Heermance, Henry, March-Nov. 1829, 
 Tarbell, 1830-2, Rogers, L. 1833-4, Kirkwood, 1830-7, Moule, 1839-41, 
 Knight, R. "W. 1842-4, Winfield, 1844^50, Brown, S. R. 1851-9, Gar- 
 retson, J. 1801-4, Schenck, J. V. N. 1805-7, Brown, S. R. (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 Oyster Bay, (Wolver Hollow,) 1732. (Van Basten, 1739-40,) Goetschius, 
 J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn, T. 1754-60, Boelen, 1760-80, Froeligh, S. 1775- 
 
 6, Van Nest, R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 1794-1824, Bogart, D. S. 1813 
 -20, Heermance, Henry, 1820-7, OUcrson, 1827-34, Qiiinn, 1835-41, 
 Gregory, T. B. 1841^, Oakey, 1844-7, Smith, N. E. 1847-53, NcNair, 
 
314 THE CHUKCHES, 
 
 1853-5, De Baun, 1855-8, Lowe, J. C. 1859-63, Searle, J. 1863-0, 
 
 Smock, 1866 — 
 Paghkatglikan, 1800. (Middletown, Delaware Co. N.Y.) 
 Paiston Kill, 1793. 
 Palarnanair, see India. 
 Palatine, 1825. Van Olinda, 1825-30, Van Cleef, C. (colleague) 1826. 
 
 Palisades, 1800. Vermilye, D. Miss, to, 1806-8, See, I. M. Miss, to, 
 
 1808— 
 Panna, now Ponds. 
 
 Paramus, 1725. Erickson, 1725-8, Mancius, 1730-1, supplied by Curtenius 
 and Van Driessen, J. 1731-48, Vanderlinde, 1748-89, Kuypers, G. A. 
 1788-9, Blauvelt, I. 1790-1, Kuypers, W. P. 1793-6, Eltinge,W. 1799- 
 1850, Winfield, 1851-0, Corwin, 1857-03, De Mund, 1804— 
 
 Paramus^ Secession, 1823. Brinkerhoof, J. G. 1828^4, Van Houten, 
 1858-62. 
 
 Pasaick, N. Y. 17.. 
 
 Pascack, 1814. Goetschius, S. 1814-35, Manley, 1834-53, Demarest, J. 
 T. 1854-67, Bartholf, 1808— 
 
 Passaic 2d, N.J. 1808. 
 
 Paterson, (Main St.) (corporate name, Totowa 1st,) 1775. Marinus, 1750- 
 73, (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8,) Meyer, H. 1772-91, Schoonmaker, H. 
 1799-1816, Eltinge, W. 1816-33. Vandervoort, 1834-7, Wiggins, 1837- 
 50, Peltz, 1857-60, McKelvey, A. 1800-5, Steele, J. 1805— 
 
 Paterson, (Water St.) (corporate name, Totowa 2d,) 1827. Field, J. T. 
 1828-32, Cole, J. 1833, Liddell, 1834-8, Duryea, John H. 1839— 
 
 Paterson, Secession, independent, 1828. Amerman, 1843-55. 
 
 Patersox, (Hoi. 1st. Clinton St.) 1856. Huyssoon, 1804-5, Bahler, P. B. 
 1800-8, Huyssoon, 1808— 
 
 Paterson, Broadway, 1804. Halloway, W. W. (Sr.) 1805- 
 
 Paterson, (Hoi. 2d, Main St.) 1800. Bechtliold, 1806-8, Kasse, 1868. 
 
 Paterson Sixth, 1800. Rutte, 1867— 
 
 Pawagtenog, apparently the same as New-Pal tz 2d. In 1778, Rynier Van 
 Nest was minister there in connection with Shawangunk. Mins. of old 
 Classis of Kingston. 
 Peapack, 1848. Anderson, W. 1849-56, Thompson, H. P. 1857— 
 
 Pcekskill, 17.. At first Congregational. In 1834 merged in the church 
 of Courtlandtown. Manley, W. 1800-6. See Courtlandtown. 
 
 Peekskill, 1850. Buck, 1850— 
 
THE CHURCnKS. 316 
 
 Pcerpack, ITGI ; probably an error for Dccrpark. 
 
 Pekiv 111. 1843. Williamson, 1843-9, Westfall, 1849-5G, Lloyd, 1857-CO, 
 
 Williamson, N. D. (S.S.) 1861-2, Gulick, U.D. 1862- 
 Pella 1st, Iowa, 1850. Oggel, P. 1860-3, Winter, 1806- 
 Pella 2d, 1863. Thompson, A. Miss, to, 1802-8, pastor, 1808- 
 Persippany, or Boonton, now Montvillc. 
 
 fPhiladelphia, (Gcr.) 1V2G. Weiss, 1726-0, Bochm, J. 1729^7, Schlatter, 
 1740-55, (Rubel, 1751-5,) Kails, 1750-7, Stciner, 1757-62, Rothenberg- 
 ler 1703-5' Weyber- 1703-90, WincUhaus, 1790-3, llcndel, 1 (94-8, 
 Ilelffensttin, S. 1800-31, Sprolo, 1832-7, Berg, J. F. 1837-52, when pas- 
 tor and people changed their church relations by uniting with the Ket. 
 Dutch Ch. and became the Second Kef. Dutch. (See Philadelphia 2d, 
 No. 8.) ] 
 PniLADELPniA, (Evang. Rcf.; first in Crown St., afterward cor. Spring Gar- 
 den and Seventh,) 1813. This church consisted of the English-speaking 
 portion of the old Ger. Ref. They first separated in 1800, and united 
 witli the R.D.C. in 1813. (Eastburn, Jos. 1800-8, Burch, Jas. K. (S.b.) 
 1809-13.) Brodhead, 1813-20, Livingston, G. R. 1820-34, Bethune, 
 1834-0, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1880-40, Van Arsdale, C. C. 1841-9, Wil- 
 letts, A. A. 1849-00, Suydam, 1802-9, Orr, Thos. 1809— 
 Philadelphia 2d, (in Ranstead Court,) 1818. Now the Seventh Presbyte- 
 " rian In 1817 the old Ger. element was driven out of the original Ger. 
 Ch. and they organized a new Ger. Ch. (the 2d,) in John St., and the 
 original Ger. Ch. became BngW^h.- Berg's sermon p. 21, 22. Parker, D. 
 1818-20. 
 Philadelphia 2d, (Eighth St.) 1817. Hoff, 1818-24, Sears, 1825-33, Babbit, 
 
 1834-5, Gosman, 1835-G, disbanded. 
 PniLADELPiiiA, (Manayunk,) 1829. Van Cleef, C. Miss, to, 1820-8, Robert- 
 son Mi^s to 1828, Kirkwood, Miss, to, 1828-9, Bumstead, 1830-41, 
 Qui'nn, 1842-7, Little, 1848-50, Gates, 1851-4, Fulton, 1855-March '05 ; 
 again, Nov. 1805-9. 
 PniLAHELPiiiA 2d, 1852, formerly Ger. Ref. (Seventh St.) Berg, J. F. 1852- 
 
 01, Talmage, T. D. W. 1802-9. 
 Philadelphia, (Roxborough,) 1836. Bumstead, 1838-54, (Presbyt.) 
 Philadelphia 3d, 1837. (Tenth and Filbert St.) Bethune, 1837-40, 
 - Livingston, H. G. 1849-55, Taylor, W. J. R. 1854-62, Wortman, 1863-5, 
 Schenck, J. W. 1866-8, Wadsworth, Chas. 1809— 
 Philadelphia 4th, 1802. Graram, 1802-7. 
 Philadelphia, (Bethune Ch.) 1808. Talmage, P. S. 1868— 
 Philadelphia Sth, (Kensington,) 1868. Meerwein, 1868— 
 
316 THE CHCRCHES. 
 
 Philipsburgh, no^ Tarrytown, Courtlandtown, etc. 
 
 PiERiiONT, 1S38. Cri?pell, 1842-7, Lord, D. 1847-50, Berry, J. R. 1850-1, 
 West, 1852-5, Jewett, 1857-9, Decker, 1860-5, Todd, A. 18G5— 
 
 Piermont 2d, 1851. Tan Doren, W. H. 1852-3. 
 
 Piffardinia, 1847. Compton, 1850-1. 
 
 PiTTSFORD, Mich. 18 . . Yermilye D. 18G3-6. 
 
 Pittstown, 1700. Froeligh, P. D. 1802-7. 
 
 Plai.nfield, Central, 1863. Siinonson, 1864 — 
 
 Plaixfield (Ger.) 1858. Xeef, (S.S.) 1858-60, pastor, 1860-4, TTolf, 
 1865-6. 
 
 Plattekill, Ulster Co. X. Y. 1833. (An out-station of Flatbush, from 1804.) 
 Oyerbagh, 183^^8, Brodhead, 1837-41, Schenck, M. L. 1840-53, Chap- 
 man, 1854-64, Cole, S. T. 186^8. 
 
 Pleasant Plains, X.Y. 1816. TYjnkoop, P. S. 1817-22, in 1823 ch. became 
 Presbyt. 
 
 Polkton, Mich. 1834. 
 
 PoLKTOs, 1858. Yander Meulen, J. C. 1863-4, Huyssoon, 1866-8. 
 
 Pompton, now Pompton Plains. 
 
 PoMPTOx, 1815. Field, 1816-27, Shimeall, Oct. 1828-May, 1829, DeMund, 
 1830-9, Doolittle, H. 1840-52, Gaston, 1852-62, Janscn, John, 1803— 
 
 Pompton- Plains, 1736. There was preaching here as early 1713, it being 
 an out-station of Ponds church. In 1762 the Coetus party built on 
 present site, and in 1771, the two parties were united. (Beitholf, G. (S.S.) 
 1713-24, Coens, 1725-30, Yan Driessen, J. 173-5^8, Marinus, 1752-73, 
 (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8) Meyer, H. 1772-91, Ostrander, S. 1793- 
 1809, Field, 1813-15, Xeal, 1817-28, Messier, 1829-32, Tulmage, J. Pv. 
 1833-6, Schanck, G. C. 1837-53, Shepard, 1853-8, Harris, 1858-67, 
 Schenck, J. Y. X. 1867— 
 
 PosDS, (Panna.) 1710. Bertholf, G. (S.S.) 1710-24, Coens, 172-5-35, Yan 
 Driessen J. (S.S.) 1735-48, Yanderlinde, 1748-88, Leydt, P. 1789-93, 
 DeWitt, P. 1798-1809, Demarest, John, 1812-20, Kuypers, Z. H. 1825- 
 41. Thompson, W. J. 1842-5, Collins, B. Y. 1845-67. 
 
 Pooster-Kill, Secession, 1824. Lansing, J. Y. S. 182J^6, Bellenger, 1829-18 . . 
 
 Porter, Mich. 1859. Bailey, 1859-63, Beardsley, (S.S.) 1864— 
 
 Port Jacksox, 1850. Roof, 1850-5, Gates, 1856-7, Duryea, L G. 1859-62, 
 Yoorhees, H. M. 1863-5, Quick, A. M. 1866 — 
 
 Port TYashington, (station,) Smith, X. E. Miss, to, 1845-7. 
 
 Pottersdam, now Rockaway, or Whitehouse. 
 
TIIK CIURCIIKS. 317 
 
 Potters vii.LE, 18G5. Jones, T. "W. 18G7 — 
 
 Pottsville, Pa. (station,) 1830. Dumont, Miss, to, 1820, Talmagc, J. R. 
 Miss, to, 1829-31. 
 
 PoriiiiKErrsiE, 1710. Van Dricsscn, J. supplied occasionally, 1727-33, 
 again, 1751, Van Scliic, 1731-8, Meincnia, 1745-55, or58. Van Nist, 1758- 
 Cl, Schoonniaker, II. 17G3-74, Rysdyck, 17G5-72, {See M. G. S. i. 31, 
 etc.) Van Voorhees, S. 1773-6, (Froeligli, S. 1776-80, Livingston, J. H. 
 1781-3,) Gray, A. 1790-3, Brower, 1794-7, Ciiyler, C. C. 1808-33, Van 
 Vranken, S. A. 1834-7, Mann, 1837-57, McEckron, 1858-66, Van Gieson, 
 18G7— 
 
 PoccnKEErsiE 2d, 1848. Whitcheati, 1850-2, Ilagaman, C. S. 1852— 
 
 Praiiicville, 1842. 
 
 Pu.VTTSVii.LE, (Windham,) 1814. Paige, 1814-30, Stimpson, 1830-3, Van 
 Dyck, II. 1833-5, Gregory, T. B. 183G-41, Depuy, 1841-G, "WyckofT, A. 
 V. 184G-51, Hammond, E. S. 1852-4, Johns, 1855-9, Gilbert, 18G1-G, 
 Dusenbcrre, 18GG — 
 
 Peakness, 1801. (Supplied by DeWitt, P., Demarest, John Field, and 
 Neal, 1801-24,) Kuypers, Z. II. 1825-41, Staats, 1843-61, Durand, 
 1862-8, Cole, S. T. 1868— 
 
 PmxcETOWN, N.Y. 1822. Whiting, 18. .-22, Dewing, Miss, to, 1822, Van 
 
 Vechten, S. Miss, to, 1822-3, Blair Miss, to, 1824, Hardenbergh, J. B. 
 
 ■ 1824-5, Blair, 1825-7, Bogardus, N. (S.S.) 1828? Lockwood, L. R*. 
 
 1833-J, Ingalls, (S. S.) 1838-9, Davies, 184-3-7, Rosencrantz, J. 1849-50, 
 
 Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1850-63, Ricketts, (S.S.) 1863-5, pastor, 1805— 
 
 PfLTNEYviLLE, 1S51. Moriis, J. Miss. to, 1824-5, Kasse, 1852-61, Veen- 
 huizen, 1862— 
 
 QcEEXS, 1858. Hammond, J. W. 1859-63, Wyckoff, Ja.s. 1864 — 
 
 Queens Co. L.I. A general name embracing the collegiate charges of 
 Jamaica, Oyster Baj', Success, and Newtown, and sometimes Gravescnd. 
 
 Quincy, 111. 1858. Conrad, Miss, to, 1858-9. 
 
 Ramapo, 1785. Leydt, P. 1789-93, Brinkerhoff, G. <G, 1793-(1807)? Dem 
 arest, J. D, 1808-24, Wynkoop, Jef. 1825-36, Allen P. 1837-53, Van 
 Doren, W. T. 1853-7, Demarest, W. 1858— 
 
 Bamapo, -'Secession, 1824. Demarest, J. D. 1824r-58, De Baun, J. T. 1856-CO, 
 
 Raritan, (Somcrvillc,) 1669, Supplied by Bertholf, G, occasionally, 1699- 
 1720, Frelinghuysen, T, J. 1720-48, Frelingliuysen, J. 1750-4, (Arnndens, 
 C'or.fcrintie, 1747-54,) Hardenbergh, J. R. 1758-81, Romeyn, T. F. 1784 
 -5, Duryea, John, 1785-99, Vredenburgh, 1800-21, Van Kleek, 1826-31, 
 Messier, 1832 — 
 
318 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Rahitan 2d, 1834. Whitehead, 1835-9, Chambers, 1840-9, Craven, 1850-4, 
 Mesick, 1855 — 
 
 Rakitan 3d, 1848. Stryker, P. 1848-51, Cornell, J. A. H. 1851-6, Le 
 Ferre, 1857 — 
 
 Rakitan, 111. (Honey Creek,) 1856. Eltinge, C. D. 1856-61, Bumstead, 
 1862— 
 
 Readington, (North-Branch,) 1719. At North-Branch till 1738, when re- 
 moved to Rcadington. Frelinghuj'sen, T. J. 1720-48, Frelinghuysen, 
 J. 1750^, Hardenbergh, 1758-81, Lydekker, Gonferentie, supplied, 
 1767, Van Arsdale, S. 1783-7, Studdiford, P. 1787-1826, Van Liew, J. 
 1828— 
 
 Redford, 1858. Michael, Dan. Miss, to, 1836-47. 
 
 Red Hook, same as Upper Red Hook. 
 
 Red Hook Landing, 1766. Supplied by Fryenmoet, 1766, by Kuypers, W. 
 1769-71, by Romeyn, D. 1773-4, by De Ronde, 1780 ; De Witt, P. 1788 
 -9, Romeyn, J. 1794-1806, Kittle, 1807-15, Rudy, (S.S.) 1825-35. 
 
 Remsenbush, now Florida. 
 
 Rem Snyder's Bush, 1824. Ketchum, Miss, to, 1823. 
 
 Rensselaer, 1848. McCartney, 1849-57, Bevier, 1860-3, Raymond, 1864— 
 
 Rensselacrwyck, now Albany — 
 
 Rexfordville, see Amity. 
 
 RiiiNEBECK, (Rhincbeck Flats,) 1731. Vas, 1732, Weiss 1742-5, Van Hovcn- 
 bergh, 1756-64, Kuypers, AYarnoldu*, 1769-71, Van Voorhees, 1776-84, 
 De Witt, P. 1787-98, Romeyn, J. B. 1799-1803, Brodhead, 1804-9, Mc- 
 Murray, 1812-20, Parker, D. 1820-6, Labagh, A. T. (evangelist,) 1826-7, 
 Bethime, 1827-30, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1830-6, Lillie, 1837-.., Hoff, 
 1842-51, Strvker, P. 1851-6, Miller, W. A. 1856-9, Timlow, 1860-6, Tal- 
 mage, G. 1867 — 
 
 Rhinebeck, (Ger.) 17...Rubel, 1755-9, Cock, 1763-84, De Witt, P. 1787 
 -98. 
 
 Richmond, (seeStaten Island.) 1808. Van Pelt, 1808-85,Bro\vn]ee,Jas. 1835 
 -53, Peek, T. R. G. 1854-60, White, E. N. 1859-62, Fchrman, 1862-6, 
 Sinclair, 1866 — 
 
 Ridgeway, Mich. 1842. De Witt, J. 1842^, Minor, 1845-8, Taylor, A. B. 
 1849-52, Kershow, 1853-5, Beidler, 1855-6. See South-Macon. 
 
 Rochester, (CI. Kingston,) 1736. Frelinghuysen, Jac. called 1753, but 
 died, Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, Romeyn, D. 1766-75, Van Home, A. 
 1789-95, Mandeville, G. 1798-1802, Westervelt, R. 1802-8, Murphy, 
 1814-25, Morse, B. V. Miss, to, 1828, Westfall, B. B. 1828-38, Mesick, 
 1838-40, Wyckoff, C. 1841-65, Strong, W. 1865— 
 
THE CHURCHES. 
 
 319 
 
 RociiESTEK, (CI. Geneva,) 1S52. Wust, 185G-64, Kriekaard, lSGG-8, Biihlcr, 
 
 P. 18GS— 
 Rockaway, see Lebanon. 
 
 RocKAWAY, (Potterstown,) in Whltchousc, 1Y03. Duryea, J. 1799-1801, 
 Dcmarest, C. T. 1808-13, Schultz, 181G-34, Williamson, P. S. 1835-9, 
 Ottorson, 1840-5, Talmage, G. 18-15-51, Comfort, 1852-4, Lloyd, 1855 
 -6, Sturgcs, 1857-G3, Van Slykc, E. ISGo-T, Bailey, W. 1868— 
 Rocky IIiix, 1857. Schcnck, M. S. 1857-G5, Gcsner, 18G5— 
 Rome, same as Wurtsboro' or Mamakating. 
 Root, now Currytown. 
 
 RosEXDALE, 1843. McFarland, 1844-5, Strong, T. C. 1845-9, Eckel, 1850-3, 
 
 Lenle, 1S55-G3, Beardslej-, 18G3, Bevier, 1804^7, Liebenau, (S.S.) 1807— 
 
 Rotterdam, (Schenectady 2d,) 1814. Van Zandt, P. 1818-22, Scarlc, J. 
 
 1823-7, Boyd, Josh. 1828-36, Mead, 1844-9, Jukes, 185G-G2, Lowe, J. 
 
 1SG3— 
 
 Rotterdam 2d, 1823. Searlc, J. 1823-7, Boyd, Josh. 1828-40, Nott, 1841 
 
 -54, Spaulding, 185G-60, Schoonmakcr, R. L. 18C1— 
 Roxborough, in Philadelphia. 
 
 RoxBUKY, 1802, records begin. (Formerly Beaverdam, Delaware Co. N.Y.) 
 Or-arization, 1825. Boyd, Josh. Miss, to, 182G-7, Knight, R. W. 1838-41, 
 IliUman, 1843-5, Evans, C. A. 1849-50, Turner, 1850-G2, Rhinehart, 
 1862— 
 Sacondaga, 17. ., 
 
 Saddle River, 1784, till 1789, one consistory with Paramus. Vanderlinde, 
 1784-9, Kuypers, G. A. 1788-9, Blauvelt, 1790-1, Kuypcrs, W. P. 
 1793-6^ Eltinge, W. 1799-1811, Goetschius, 1814-35, Manley, J. 1834 
 -GG, Meyers, A. n.-18G6— 
 Sagertisses, now Saugerties. 
 Salem, now New-Salcm. 
 Salisbury, 1822. Ketchum, 1822-3. 
 
 Salt River, Mercer Co. Ky. 1796. Labagh, P. Miss, to, 1796-7, Kyle, 1804- 
 -16. In 1817, CI. New-Brunswick recommended it to become Presby- 
 terian. 
 Samsonvii.le,1851. Taylor, W. 1851-2, Harlow, 1852-8, Markle, 1858-61, 
 
 Deyo, 1868- 
 Sand Beach, now Owasco Outlet. 
 Sandusky City, 1855. Kuss, 1855-6. 
 Saratoga, (Schuylerville,) 17S8 ? Smith, S. 1789-1800, Duryea, P. II. 
 
320 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 1802-28 (?) Boyd, H. M. 1830-3, May, 183G-9, Jones, D. A. 1839-44, 
 Chester, 1844-9, Scarle, S. T. 1850-7, Merrill, 1858-61, Lansing, A. G. 
 1802— 
 Sattambady, see India. 
 
 Saugerties Village, (Sagertisses.) 1839. (Name in Classical Records, 1839, 
 is Caatsban, while what is properly called the church of Caatsban is on 
 Classical Records, 1813, seq. called Saugerties.) Ostrander, H. 1839-40, 
 Van Santvoord, C. S. 1840-54, Elmendorf, J. 1855-62, Gaston, 18G2— 
 
 Sayville, 1866. Jongeneel, 1866— 
 
 ScHAGHTicoKE, 1707. Supplied by Frelinghuysen, T. quarterly, 1745-59, by 
 Westerlo, 1760-73 ; Van Bunschooten, E. 1773-85, De Ronde, supplied, 
 1776-84, pastor, 1784-95, Paige, 1793-1807, Ostrander, S. 1810-21, 
 Switz, 1823-9, Marcellus, 1831-4, Boyd, H. M. 1835-41, Ackerson, 1842- 
 4, Meyers, A. H. (S.S.) 1844-8, Fonda, J. D. 1848-56, Van Brunt, (S.S.) 
 1857-61, White, G. 1864— 
 
 ScnENECTADY, 1670-80. (Mag. E. D. C. ii. 328.) Tasschemaker, 1684-90, 
 supplied by Dellius, 1690-9, Freeman, 1700-5, supplied by Lydius, 1705- 
 9, (Barclay, Episcop. 1710, etc.) Brower, T. 1715-28, Erickson, 1728-36, 
 Van Santvoord, C. 1742-52, Vrooman, 1754-84, Romeyn, D. 1784-1804, 
 Sickles, (colleague,) 1794-7, Meyers, J. H. 180-3-6, Bogardus, C. 1808- 
 11, VanVechten, 1815-49, Taylor, W. J. R. 1849-52, Seelye, J. H. 1854- 
 8, Seelye, E. E. 1858-64, Wortman, 1865— 
 
 Schenectady 2d, now Rotterdam. 
 
 Schenectady 1st, of the Fourth Ward, now Glenville. 
 
 ScnENECTADY 2d, 1851. Duryea, I. G. 1852-8, (Dean, 1858-61,) Van Sant- 
 voord, C. S. (S.S.) 1860-1, Du Bois, A. 1862— 
 
 ScnENECTADY 3d, (Gct.) 1854. Schwilk, 1856-68. 
 
 ScnoDACK, 17. .. Fryenmoet, 1770-8, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1788-94, Bork, 1789- 
 1803, Fonda, Jesse, 1809-13, Van Buren, P. 1816-19, Johnson, I. Y. 
 1821-4, Bennet, 1825-7, Van Santvoord, S. 1829-34, Gray, J. 1835-46, 
 Baily, 1847-55, Snyder, 1856— 
 
 ScnoDACK Landing, 1858. Was united with the Ch. of Schodack, 1858- 
 66. Kip, L L. 1867— 
 
 ScnoHARiE, 1720-30. (Hagar, in this region, 1711.) Ehle, 1720-17.., 
 Erickson, 1730-1, Weiss, 1731-6, Schuyler, 1736-55, Goetschius, J. M. 
 1757-60, Rosenkrantz, A. 1760-5, Schuyler, 1766-79, (Van Nest, R. 
 1780-5,)? Schneyder, 1785-8, Broeffle, 1788-(98)? (Van Nest, R. 1797- 
 1802,)? SchoefFer, (1798)?-1819, Weidman, 1820-36, Scribner, 1836-9, 
 Robertson, 1839-42, Wells, R. 1844-57, Cri.spel], 1857-63, Cobb, S. IL 
 1864— 
 
 Schoharie Kill, (Conesville,) 1800? Schermerhorn, C. D. 1802-30. 
 
TIIR CHURCHES. 321 
 
 Scboliarie, Mt. 181.. Quaw, 1834-G, Scrlbner, (S.S.) 1847-8. Veddcr, E. 
 1855-G3. 
 
 Schotcau, 17. ., 
 
 Schraalcnburgh, 1724. Erickson, 1725-8, Mancius, 1730-2, Curtenius, 
 1737-55, Goetscbius, J. II. 1748-74, Romejn, D. 1775-84, Froeligb, S. 
 
 1786-1822, seceded. 
 
 Schraalenhurgh, Secession, 1822. Froeligb, S. 1822-7, Blauvelt, C. J. 1828- 
 52, Hammond, E. S. 1858-62, Van Iloutcn, 1862-6. 
 
 ScniJAALENBCRGn 2d, 1756. Scbuylcr, 1756-66, Blanw, 1768-71, Kuypers, 
 W. 1771-97, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1799-1833, Cole, I. 1829-32, Garrctson, 
 J. 1833-6, Osborne, 1837-41, Blauvelt, C. J. 1842-58, Gordon, 1858— 
 
 Scbuylcr, (station,) Herkimer Co. N.Y. Snyder, H. Miss, to, 1829-30. 
 
 Scbuylcrvillc, now Saratoga. 
 
 Second River, novr Belleville. 
 
 Shandakex, 1854. Hammond, .1. W. 1854-6, Betts, 1856-61, Peek, A. P. 
 1862-5, Brush, A. II. lSOo-7, Ilaramoud, J. W. 1807— 
 
 Sbannick, seeNe-Shanic. 
 
 SoAKOx, 1800. Labagb, I. 1800-14, (Graj^ 1804-10) ? Jones, N. 1816 20, 
 Raymond, 1829-32, Bassler, 1833-7, Frazee, 1838-40, Chittenden, 1841 
 5, Bogardus, N. 1846-8, Eckel, 1849-50, Julien, 1852-3, Jones, N. W. (S. 
 S.) 1855-6, Raymond, 1856-G4, Van Woert, 1867— 
 
 Sharon, Secede?', (Independent,) 1827. Bellenger, 1829-.. — 
 
 Shawangunk, 1737. Scbunema, 1753-4, Goetscbius, J. M. 1760-71, Van 
 Nest, R. 1774-85, Froeligb, M. 1778-1813, Polheraus, H. 1813-16, Wil- 
 son, A. D. 1816-29, Mandeville, H. 1829-31, Bevier, 1831-43, Alliger, 
 1843-50, Scott, 1851-66, Spaulding, 1868— 
 
 SnEBOYGAN Falls, "Wis. 18. .. 
 
 Shokan, (Ashokan, Olive,) 1799. Goetscbius, 1796-1814, Carle, 1814-26, 
 Boyse, Miss, to, 1827-9, Roosa, 1828-34, Amerman, T. A. 1835-8, Harlow, 
 1839-49, Hammond, J. W. 1848-9, Voorhees, J. N. 1849-51, Hammond, 
 J. W. 1852-6, Betts, 1856-61, Peeke, A. P. 1862-5, Brush, A. A. 1865- 
 7, Hammond, J. W. 1867- 
 
 Siam, See India. 
 
 Silver Ckeek, 111. (Ger.) 1851. Zurcber, (S.S.) 1853, Wagner, 1856-01, 
 Muller, J. 1861— 
 
 Sinthoick, or Sincock, 17. ., afterward, Stillwater. 
 
 Six Mile Creek, 1827. Mandeville, G. 1828-31. 
 
 Six Mile Run, N.J. (sec Three Mile Run,) 1717, (or 1710?) Frclingbuy- 
 21 
 
822 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 sen, T. J. 1720-47, (Arondeus, Con/erentie, 1747-54,) Leydt, J. 1748-83, 
 Van Harlingen, 1787-95, Cannon, 1797-1826, Eomeyn, Jas. 1828-33, 
 Sears, 1833— 
 
 Smithfield, 1737. Freyenmoet, 1741-56, Eomeyn, T. 1760-72, Van Bun- 
 schooten, E. 1785-1800; became Presbyterian. 
 
 Snell's Bush, 17. ., now Manheim. 
 
 Somerville, see Raritan. 
 
 Sourland, now Harlingen. 
 
 South-Bend, Ind. 1849. McNeisb, 1849-52, Beidler, 1853^, Evans, C. A. 
 1856-7, Van Doren, W. T. 1857-9, Peeke, G. H. 1860-1. 
 
 South-Bushwick, see Brookljm. 
 
 SouTii-GiLBOA, (see Blenheim,) 1859. Buckelew, 1859-64. 
 
 South-Macon, Mich. 1863. (Formerly Ridgeway.) Skillman, 1863— 
 
 South-West Troy, 1844. Wells, R. (S.S.) 1844, WyckofF, T. F, 1845-54, 
 Roof, 1855-64, Wyckoflf, Jac. 1865— 
 
 Sparta, (station.) Stevenson, Miss, to, 1827-8. 
 
 Spotswood, 1821. Van Hook, Miss, to, 1819-20, McClure, J. 1822-5, Rice, 
 II. L. 1825-34, Van Liew, J. C. 1834-41, Betts, 1842-5, Knight, W. 
 1846-7, Manning, 1847-54, Vandewater, 1855-67, Willis (S. S.) 1868— 
 
 Spraker's Basin, 1829, Van Olinda, 1830-1. 
 
 Spraker's Basin, 1858. Wales, 1859-60, Bogardus, N. 1861-6, Van 
 Zandt, B. (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 Spring Garden, see Philadelphia 2d. 
 
 Spring Lake, 111. 1854. Bumstead, 1856-62, Gulick, A. V. 1865— 
 
 Spring Valley, 1865. Brock, 1865-9. 
 
 Squampamick, 1775. Afterward revived in the Ch. of Ghent. 
 
 Staatsburgh, probably an error for Stoutsburgh, or vice versa. See Hyde 
 Park. 
 
 Stanton, (Mt. Pleasant,) 1834. Van Arsdale, J. R. 1835-50, Doolittle, H. 
 
 1852— 
 
 Stapleton, S. I. 1851. Thompson, A. R. 1851-8, Skinner, 1859-67. 
 Staten Island, 
 North Side, (Port Richmond or Cityville,) 1690. Supplied by 
 Bertholf, 1694-1724, by Freeman, 1705-41, by Antonides, 1705- 
 44, and occasionally by Vas, 1710-18, Van Santvoord, C. 1718- 
 42, (De Wint, 1751-2,) Jackson W. 1757-89, Stryker, P. 1790-4, 
 Kirby 1797-1801, Van Pelt, 1802-35, Brownlee, Jas. 1835— 
 
THE CHURCHES. 323 
 
 Fresh-Kills, 1005. A church was built not far from the present silo 
 of the church of the Huguenots, for the French, about this time; 
 supplied by Drisius, 1005-82, by Bonrcpos, David, 1083-1717, 
 
 I when they coalesced with the Dutcli. 
 
 South Side, 1005. (At Stony Brook.) A church was built by tlie 
 Wuldenses and Huguenots, and they were supplied by Drisius, 
 1GG5-S2, by Daille, 1083-8, Vanden Bosch 10.. -87. Afterward 
 the site of the church was transferred to Richmond. (See also 
 Huguenots.) 
 
 Richmond, 1717? (Union of French, Dutch, and English.) Sup- 
 plied, by Bertholf, 1717-24, by Freeman, 1705-il, by Antoni- 
 des, 1705-44, by Vas, 1710-18, Van Santvoord, C. 1718-42, (De 
 Wint, 1751-2,) Jackson, W. 1757-76. Burned by the British. 
 (See Richmond.) 
 
 St. Caik, M.G.S. i. 20. An error, for Sinthoick. 
 
 St. Croix, See West-Indies. 
 
 St. John, see West-Indies. 
 
 St. Johns, same as Upper Red-IIook. 
 
 St. Johnstille, 1770. (Ger. Ref) Dyslin, 1790-1815; (R.D.C. 1812,) 
 De Voe, 1816-30, Meyers, A. II. 1830-1, Stryker, H. B. 1833-4, Murphy, 
 1834-7, Meyers, A. II. 1837-44, Knieskern, 1845— 
 
 St. Remy, 1804. Garretson, J. (S.S.) 1805-6, 
 
 St. Thomas. See West-Indies. 
 
 Stillwater, Sussex Co. N.J. 17.. supplied by Wack, C. 1782-1809, aqd 
 partly by Wack, J. J. 1798-1805,Van Hook, Miss, to, 1822, (Presbyterian.) 
 
 Stillwater, Saratoga Co. X.Y. (Sinthoick,) 17.. Paige, W. 1793-1807, 
 Froeligh, P. D. 1802-7. 
 
 Stirling, 1825. De Fraest, 1825-8. 
 
 Stissick, (Ger.) 1783 ? See New and Old Stissing. ' 
 
 Stone Arabia, 1743. Peck, D. C. A. 1788-1800, Labagh, 1. 1800-3, Wack,. 
 J. J. 1805-10, Morris, J. Miss, to, 1827-9, Ketchum, 1829 ?-30, West- 
 fall, 1838-43, Jukes, 1844-50, Van L'ew, J. C. 1850-0, Van Dyck, L. H. 
 1801-7, Compton, 1808— 
 
 Stone Arabia, (Ger.) 1801 ? Wall, (or Wack, J. J.) 1803 ? 
 
 Stone Arabia, Independent, 1810. Wack, J. J. 1810-51. 
 
 Stone Arabia, (Lansingburgh,) 1788 ? 
 
 Stose House Plains, 1801. Stryker, P. 1801-9, again, 1810-12, Tarbell, 
 1827-8, Hillman, 1830-41, •Hammond, _E. S. 1842^,;.Thomson, 1845-G^ 
 
324 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ' Quinn, 1847-8, Liddell, 1848-50, Wiseman (S.S.) 1851-2, Talmage 
 P. S. 1854-65, Statesir, 186G— 
 
 Stoutcnbergh, or Stoutsburgh, now Hyde Park. See also Staatsburgb. 
 
 Stuyvesant, 1827. Garretson, J. Miss, to, 1826-7, Ileermancc, Henrj^, Miss, 
 to, 1827-8, Garretson G. I. 1832-4, Kittle, 1835-46, Ncvius, 1846— 
 
 Stuyvesant Falls, 1859. Bates 18. .-61, Swick, 1861-4, Kip, I. L. 1864-7, 
 supplied by Bogardus, 1867-8. 
 
 Success, 1730. Disbanded, 1829, the church of North-Hempstead taking 
 its place. See pastors under North-Hempstead. 
 
 Summit, (Eminence.) 1824. See W.E.G. 1833-9. 
 
 Sun Prairie, 1843. Slingerland, 1844-G. 
 
 Susquehannah, 17. . Conewago? Manley 17.. -1800. 
 
 ■Swartstown, 1839. 
 
 ;Syracdse, 1848. Cornell, J. A. H. 1848-51, Berry, J. R. 1851-7, Talmage, 
 T.D.\Y. 1859-62, Elmendorf, J. 1862-5, Searle, J. 1866-8, Bergcr, 1869— 
 
 •Syria. Van Dyck, C. V. H. 1840-.. Berry, P. 1861-5. 
 
 Tagukanick, (Livingston Manor,) 1777. Supplied occasionally by Geb- 
 bard, 1777-97, by Livingston, J. H. 1779-81, by Lansing, N. 1781-4; 
 Vedder, Herman, 1803-50, Murden, 1847-50, Lyall, Wm. 1851-65, 
 Mills, G. A. 18G6— 
 
 Tappan, 1694. Supplied by Bertholf, G. 1694-1724, Mutzelius, 1726-49, 
 Verbryck, 1750-84, Lansing, N. 1784-1835, Cole, L 1829-64, Blauvelt, 
 G. M. S. 1864— 
 
 .Tappan, Secession, 1825. Lansing, J. V. S. 1826. _ 
 
 Takrytown, (Philipsburgh,) 1697. Supplied by Bertholf, G. 1697-1724 
 by Mutzelius, 1726-50, by Ritzema, 1744-76 ; Van Voorhees, 1785-8, 
 Jackson, J. F. 1791-1806, Smith, T. G. 1808-37, Du Bois, Geo. 1838- 
 44, Wilson, Jos. 1845-9, Ferris, J. M. 1849-51, (Schenck, J. W. 1849-51,) 
 Stewart, 1852-66, Thompson, J. B. ISGG— 
 
 Tarrytown 2d, 1851. Ferris, J. M. 1851-4, Todd, J. A. 1855 — 
 
 Teashok, now Buskirk's Bridge. 
 
 Thousand Tsles, (in St. Lawrence River,) 1851. Davenport, Miss, to, 
 1847-50, Du Bois, A. 1850-4, Rockwell, Geo. 1854— 
 
 Three Mile Run, N. J. 1700-3. This church lasted about half a century, 
 the churches of New-Brunswick and Six Mile Run meanwhile taking 
 its place. Supplied by Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-47, (Arondeus, Con- 
 feientie, 1747-54,) and by Frelinghuysen, J. 1750-4. 
 
 Thumansville, now Callicon. 
 
THE cnuRCUES. 325 
 
 Tillaborougli, 18C5. Smith, ^Y. II. (S.S.) 1867. 
 
 Tiossiock, now Buskirk's Bridge. 
 
 Tompkinsvillc, S. I. now Brighton Heights. 
 
 Tompkinsville, (Ger.) 18G0. 
 
 Totowa, see Patcrson. 
 
 Tottcnville, S. I. 1855. 
 
 Trenton, 1841. Wack, C. P. 18il-4. 
 
 Tuscarora, Pa. station. Gra\', A. 1810-U, Diimont, Miss, to, 1820-30. 
 
 Tyashoke, or Tiossiock, now Buskirk's Bridge. 
 
 Two RivEKs, 111. Station. Wilson, C. D. Miss, to, 1867— 
 
 Tyre, 1839. Gray, W. 1839-46, Compton, 1847-50, Van Arsdale, J. R. 
 1850-64, Whitbeck, R. M. 1864-8. 
 
 Union, 1794, (at Tioga, Broome Co. N.Y. M. G. S. i. 448.) (Chenango.) 
 Palmer, S. 1808-18, Van Vechten, S. Miss, to, 1823-4, Vanderveer, J. 
 Miss, to, 1823, Van Olinda, Miss, to, 1824, Du Mont, Miss, to, 1826. 
 
 Union, Albany Co. N. Y. 1825. Boice, I. C. 1826-0, Fort, 1830-6, West- 
 fall, 1887-47, Jones, D. A. 1848-50, Murden, 1850-4, Compton, 1854- 
 60, Giilick, A. V. 1860-4, Ballagh, W. H. 1865-8. 
 
 Union, Secession, (at Amsterdam,) 1822. Palmer, 1822-9. 
 
 Union Village, (Washington Co.) 1812. Christie, Jas. 1816-8, Fonda, J. 
 
 D. 1820-35, Van Zandt, B. 1836-42, Morris, H. 1843-8, Marvin, 1848- 
 
 55, Van Santvoord, C. 1855-8, Steele, J. 1858-65, Van Home, D. 
 
 1868— 
 Union Village, now Nassau. 
 Unionville, 1820. Smith, T. G. 1820-37, Moule, 1837-9, Robb, (S.S.) 
 
 1839, Moore, W. S. 1839-50, See, J. L. 1850-4, Moore, W. S. 1850-64, 
 
 Bogardus, W. E. 1865-7, Bertholf, J. II. 1807— 
 
 Upper Neveksink, 1849. Bernart, 1851-6, Jones, D. A. 1858-03, Ham- 
 mond, J. W. 1803-7, Turner, W. E. (S.S.) 1867— 
 
 Upper Red IIook, (St. Johns,) 1783. De Witt, P. 1787-98, Romeyn, Jer. 
 1794-1806, Kittle, 1807-33, Thompson, F. B. 1834-6, Ilangen, 1836-40, 
 Ward, 1S41-5, Johnson, J. G. 1840— 
 
 Upper Schoharry, (now Middleburgh.) 
 
 Utica, 1830. Labagh, J. Miss, to, 1827-31, Bethune, 1831-4, Mandeville, 
 II. 1834-41, Knox, J. P. 1841-4, Wiley, 1840-50, Fisher, G. II. 1855-9, 
 Knox, Chas. E. (S.S.) 1800-2, Vermilyea, A. G. 1803— 
 
 Vanderveer, 111. 1841. Hillman, 1841-2, Schultz, J. N. 1843-7, Westfall, 
 S. V. E. 1853, Ayres, 1854-G. 
 
32G THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Van Vorst, see Jersey City 2d. 
 
 Veddersburgh, 1800. Ten Eyck, C. 1803^. In 1812 became Pres- 
 byterian. 
 
 Vallambi, see India. 
 
 Vellore, see India. 
 
 Vkiesland, Mich. 1851. Organization came from Holland. Ypma, 1851- 
 8, Zweemer, 1858-G8. 
 
 Walden, 1838. Scribner, J. M. 1839-42, Whitehead, Chas. 1842-8, Schoon- 
 maker, M. V. 1849— 
 
 Wallkill, now Montgomery. 
 
 Walpack, Lower, 1737. Freyenmoet, 1741-56, Komeyn, T. 1760-72, 
 Van Bunschooten, 1785-99, Force, 1808-25, Demund, 1827-9, Schanck, 
 G. C. 1833^, Hyndshaw, 1836-9, Pitts, (S.S.) 1840-59, McWilliam, 
 1861— 
 
 Walpack, Upper, 1862. (Dingman's Ferry.) Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 1862- 
 3, Garretson, G. S. 1863— 
 
 Warren, now Henderson. 
 
 Warren, N. J. (Ger.) 1855. (Had before been an independent Lutheran 
 Church.) Friedel, 1855, Oerter, 1856-8, Neef, (S.S.) 1858-60, pastor, 
 18G0-4, Wolf, 1865-6. 
 
 Warren Co. N. Y. (stations.) Stryker, H. B. Miss, to, 1822-8. 
 
 Warwick, 1764. (Presbyt. Parkhurst, and John, 1764-1803.) K.D.C. 
 1803. Hardenbergh, C. 1804-8, Cnristie, J. L 1812-35, Van Keuren, 
 1836-7, Stewart, J. W. 1838-42, Vanderveer, F. H. 1842— 
 
 Washington, now West-Troy. 
 
 Washington, 111. 1847. Schultz, J. N. 1849-51. 
 
 Washington Heights. See New-York. 
 
 Waterford, (Halfmoon,) 17.. .Lupton, 1788-9, Close, 179 .-1804, Dwight, 
 1822-6, Labagh, I. P., 1827-30, Schoonmaker, E. L. 1832-6, Slinger- 
 land, 1836-7, Lockhead, 1838-9, Whitbeck, 1841-3, Dickson, 1849-52, 
 Schoonmaker, R. L. 1852-6, Van Brunt, 1857-61. 
 
 Waterloo, 1851. Rockwell, G. 1851-4, Abell, 1856-7. 
 
 Wawarsing, (Wawassink,) 1745. Supplied by Fryenmoet, 1745-51, Fre- 
 linghuysen, J. called, 1753, but died, Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, Ro- 
 meyn, D. 1766-75, Hardenbergh, J. R. 1782-6, Van Home, Ab. 1789- 
 95, Mandeville, G. 1798-1802, Westervclt, R. 1802-8, Murphy, 1814-25, 
 Hutton, M. S. Mis«. to, 1827-8, Hoffman, A. Miss, to, 1828-9, Switz, 1829- 
 35, Duryea, J. H. 1837-9, Ward, J. W. 1839-41, Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 
 
THE CHURCHES. 
 
 S27 
 
 1842-8, Quackenbush, 1849-61, Lcnte, 1852-4, Williamson, N. D. 1855- 
 61, Van Vlcck, John, 18G2-4, Swick, 1SG4— 
 
 Western allotment of Kingsborough, now Johnstown. 
 
 Westeklo, (Baisic, Chester,) 1793. Toll, 1803-22, Center, Miss, to, 1823, 
 Tandervecr, J. Miss, to, 1823, Van VeclUen, S. Miss, to, 1823^, Van 
 Keurcn, Miss, to 1824, Fort, 1822-31, Wilson, Jos. 1832-4, Slingerland, 
 1834-G, Gosraan, S. S. 183G-8, Chittenden, 1839-40, Cornell, J. A. IT., 
 1841-3, Ilobcrtston, S. 1843-8, Bogardus, N. 1849-50, Demarest, W. 
 
 ' 1850^, Dyer, 185G-G1, Furbeck, 18G2-7. 
 
 WEST-Funis 1839. Supplied by Bourne, 1839-42, Collins, B. V. 1842-5, 
 Simonson,'l845-52, Burghardt, 1852-5, Van AVyck, P. 1857-67, Van 
 Slyke, E. 18G7— 
 
 Westfield, now Huguenots, S. I. 
 
 West-Hurley, 1848. Supplied by Gulick, A. 1847-54, pastor, 1854-9, 
 
 Case, 1860-5, Van Doren, D. K. 1867— 
 West-Camp, or Camp, 1710-20, Hagar, 1711. 
 West-Ind-cs, Abeel, D. Miss, to, 1828-9, again 1836-7. 
 St. Croix, 17 . . Van Vlierden, P. 17. .—92. 
 
 St. John, 17. . Knevels Was extinct in 1828, 
 
 St. Thomas, 17. . Labagh, A. I. 1827-42, Brett, P. M. 1842-6, Knox, 
 J. P. 1847-54, Wyckoff, T. F. 1854-5. 
 (These churches in the West-Indies continued under the care of the Clas- 
 sis of Amsterdam after the Reformed Churches on the American Continent 
 became independent. In 1828, when Dr. Knox visited the islands, he found 
 that they yet possessed large funds for the support of the Gospel and the 
 poor. The Church of St. Tliomas had $50,000, but they had been without 
 a pastor since 1811. The Church of St. John was also in ruins, and not a 
 communicant known to remain, though there were funds belonging to the 
 church.) 
 West-Leydex, Lewis Co., N.Y. 1856. Boehrer, 1856-62, Wagner, (S. S.) 
 
 1862-3, Schlieder, 1865— 
 West New-Hempstead, (Kakiat,) 1773. Marinus, 1773-8, Leydt, P. 1789- 
 93 Brinkerhoff, G. G. 1793-180G, Demarest, J. D. 1808-24, Wynkoop, 
 Je'f. 1825-36, Allen, P. 1837-62, Brock, J. R. 1862-5, Van Neste, G. 
 1865— 
 West-town, 17.. Van Bunschooten. E. 1792-9. 
 West-Troy, (Gibbonsville,) 1815. Bronk, 1813-34, Wood, 1835-6, Mann 
 
 (S. S.) 1837, Gregory, 0. H. 1838— 
 White Hall, 111., 1861. Schenck, M. L. 1865 — 
 
328 THE CIIUKCUES. 
 
 White House, see Rockaway. 
 
 White Plains, 18G5. Hulbert, 1865— 
 
 Wilksbarre, 1792. 
 
 Wilton, 1823. Van Hook, Miss, to, 1825, McKelvey, John, Miss, to, 182T. 
 
 Williamsburgh, see Brooklyn. 
 
 WiLTVviCK, 18G3. (Fort supplied the station, 1854-60,) Shaw, 1864— 
 
 Windham, now Prattsville. 
 
 Woestyne, 17. .. Now Rotterdam. 
 
 Wolcott, now Fair Haven. i 
 
 Wolcott, Secession, 1827. 
 
 Wood Haven, 1858. 
 
 Woodstock, 1805. Overbagh, 1806-17, Boyse, 1826-37, Bogardus, N. 
 1838-42, Vandoren, W. T. 1843-5, Gulick, A. 1846-54, James, W. L. 
 1856-62, Blauvelt, C. J. (S. S.) 1864-5, Wyckoflf, D. B. 1865— 
 
 Wurtsboro. See Mamakating. 
 
 WvcKOFF, 1822. Had been a regular preaching station of Ponds since 
 about 1798. (DeWitt, P. 1798-1808, Demarest, John, 1812-20,) Kuypers, 
 Z. H. 1825-41, Thompson, W. J. 1842-5, Ryerson, 1845-65, Van Ben- 
 scbooten, 1865 — 
 
 Wynantskill, 1793. Romeyn, J. V. 0. 1794-9, Zabriskie, John, L. 1801- 
 11, Westervelt, R. 1816-22, Morris, J. Miss, to, 1824-5, Bogavdus, C. 
 1826-82, Bronson, A. 1833-6, Slingorland, 1837-40, Gates, 1840-2, Lan- 
 sing, Jac. A. 1842-8, Quick, J. J. 1849-54, Stevenson, 1854-64, Tomb, 
 1865— 
 
 WynantsJcill, Secession^ Independent, 1824. Lansing, J. V. S. 1824-6, Bel- 
 lenger, 1829-.. 
 
 YoNKERS, 1843. Hulbert, 1845-8, DeMund, 1848-50, Seward, 1850-2, Hul- 
 bert, 1852-65, Cole, D. 1865— 
 
 YoRKTOWN, Min. 1867. 
 
 Zeeland, Mich. 1851. (Organization came from Holland.) Vandermeulen 
 C. 1852-9, Stobbelaer, 1860-4, Bolks, 1865— 
 
THE CLASSES. 
 
 Immediately after permission was granted to hold a coctus, this body 
 divided the Reformed Churcli into circles or consociations. These were 
 three in number, to which a fourth was subsequently called, namely : 
 
 Tlie Circle of New-York, 1747; Circle of Jersey, 1747; Circle of Al- 
 bany, 1747; Circle of Orange, 1750. In 1753, it was proposed to form a 
 full Classi.s, the circles having no positive authority. This was done, and 
 was the immediate cause of the division in the church. The definite name 
 of this Classis, with the loss of its minutes, is not known, but it 
 was intended to include the whole church. The minutes of these several 
 circles also arc not known to exist. There is consequently a gap in there- 
 cords, of seventeen )*ears, (1754-71,) which is very inadequately supplied 
 by a few letters of the Conferentie, the disaffected partj\ Ritzema, the last 
 president of the Coetus, carried the minutes of that body with him, and 
 continued the proceedings of the Conferentie, in the book of the Coetus. In 
 1772, when the two parties again united, the articles of union provided for 
 five classes, namely : Albany, Hackensack, Kingston, New-Brunswick, and 
 New-York. In 1800, the General Synod divided the Classis of Hackensack 
 into the classes of Bergen and Paramus ; the Classis of Kingston, into the 
 classes of Poughkeepsie and Ulster ; the Classis of Albany into the classes 
 of Rensselaer, Albany, and Montgomery ; while they left the Classes of 
 New-York and New-Brunswick as they were before. Tliis made, in the 
 year 1800, nine classes. Since that time, by the request of the clasies, the 
 Particular Synods have subdivided them still further, with the increase of 
 churches, until now there are thirty-two. In 1857, the two classes of 
 "Washington and "NYatervliet united, forming the Classis of Saratoga. In 
 1843, the Clas.sis of Long Island became extinct by its division into two 
 new classes, the North and the South Classes of Long Island. In 182G, 
 with the extending missionary operations on the Mohawk, and in vicinity, 
 the three new classes of Schenectadj^ Cayuga, and Schoharie were organ- 
 ized. With the growing operations in the West, the Classes of Illinois 
 and irichigan were organized in 1841, and ten years later the Classis of Hol- 
 land. The following is a complete list, the extinct names being itali- 
 cized : 
 
 New-York, . . . 1772. Orange, .... 1833. 
 
 Albany, " Green 1834. 
 
 New-Brunswick, . . " Passaic, .... 1839. 
 
 Kingston " Illinois 1841. 
 
 Hackensack, ... " Micliigan, . . . . " 
 
330 
 
 THE CLASSES. 
 
 Bergen, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 Paramus, 
 
 Pouglikeepsie, 
 
 Rensselaer, 
 
 Ulster, 
 
 Long Island, . 
 
 Philadelpliia, 
 
 Wasliington, . 
 
 Cayuga, 
 
 Sclienectady, , 
 
 Scboharie, . 
 
 South Classis of New- York 
 
 1800. 
 
 1813. 
 1814. 
 1818. 
 1823. 
 
 1833. 
 
 North Classis of Long Island, 1843. 
 South Classis of Long Island, " 
 
 Hudson, .... 1845. 
 Watervliet, 
 
 Holland, . 
 
 Geneva, 
 
 Westchester, 
 
 Arcot, (India,) 
 
 Monmouth, 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 Kingston, . 
 
 Saratoga, 
 
 Raritan, 
 
 1851. 
 1852. 
 
 1854. 
 
 1855. 
 1856. 
 1857. 
 1859. 
 
THE SYNODS. 
 
 Among the Rcformca Churches in America of Gorman origin, the 
 terms coctus and synod were used synonymously ; but the Dutch owmg to 
 the brewing strife'conccrning- ecclesiastical independence, were obhged to 
 be more cautious. When the two parties came together m 1771, they 
 called themselves " A Reverend Meeting of Ministers and Elders, and only 
 dared to talk of a General, and certain Particular ecclesiastical Bodies. But 
 immediately after the Revolution they gathered boldness, and resolved to 
 apply the names of synod and classis to the respective bodies. Ihis on- 
 ..inal provincial Synod was a mere transitional body between the period 
 of infantile dependence on a foreign church and complete independence. 
 It called a convention in 1792, and a General Synod, conventional in cha- 
 racter, and entirely independent, was organized in 179-i, upon an Ameri- 
 canized constitution. The old provisional Synod, which had formerly been 
 conventional, was henceforth to consist of two ministers and wo elders 
 from each Classis, and this now took the character of a Particular Synod. 
 It continued to examine students, equally with the Classes upon whom 
 -the power was also now bestowed, although the classes could not do this 
 without deputies from the Synod being present. After 1800, the Particular 
 Synods ceased to examine. They met yearly, while the General Synod 
 met tricnnially. In 1800, this Particular Synod was dissolved, and the two 
 Particular Svnods of New-York and Albany constituted. It was then also 
 resolved that a delegation of eight members and eight elders from each 
 Particular Synod, shall constitute the General Synod, but not more than 
 two ministers and two elders were to be taken from the same Classis. In 
 1809 a new organization was deemed expedient. A delegation of three 
 minilters and three elders from each Classis was agreed to, and m 1812 
 also it was determined to hold annual sessions. In 1818, General Synod 
 was' incorporated. In 185G, the Particular Synod of Chicago was consti- 
 tuted. 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 RUTGERS COLLEGE. 
 
 FKEHNCnUYSEN S ACADEMY. 
 
 TnE insiifTicicncy of ministers which retarded the growth of our deno- 
 mination, in the last centiir}-, was but slightly felt by the few wealthy 
 churches located in places engaged in trade with the Old World. Nor is it 
 probable that, in the absence of ecclesiastical assemblies and journals, the 
 extent of the evil was known. A recollection of tlic rich and well-appoint- 
 ed universities, in which they had been educated, also prevented many of 
 the pastors from attempting to supply this deficiency by the establishment 
 of educational institutions in this country. Such a design was not express- 
 ed till the number of churches more than trebled that of pastors. 
 
 The earliest plan of which we have any record, was the establishment of 
 a Professorship of Divinit}^ for the Low Dutch, in Columbia College ; the 
 right of the appointment being vested in the Consistory of the Collegiate 
 Church. (Sec p. 8.) The publication of this scheme, in 1754, awakened 
 the denominational spirit of those who afterward formed the Coetus partj'. 
 They feared that its consummation would increase the defection to the Epis- 
 copal Church, which enjoyed the patronage of the colonial government. 
 Measures were immediately taken to establish an academy, or seminary, 
 " for the Dutch alone," in which the English language should not be used. 
 The leader of the movement was Ti)codore Fielinghuysen, of Albany. 
 A ministerial education was at that time obtained in Holland by attendance 
 upon two institutions, differing from each other in their methods of instruc- 
 tion as well as in the studies pursued. At the academies, which corres- 
 ponded to the German Gymnasia, recitations were held in the langua"-ep, 
 rhetoric, hellcs-lcttrcs^ and the elements of natural science. Instruction in 
 the various departments of philosophy, ecclesiastical history, biblical exe- 
 gesi.s, and theology, were given by the lectures of the university professors, 
 the student being no longer annoyed b}' daily examinations, but allowed 
 the greatest liberty. In the academy proposed by Frelinghuysen, these 
 two methods of instruction were combined, and the contemplated course of 
 study was more extensive than that of the European academics, but neces- 
 sarily less advanced than that of the universities. An increase of the min- 
 istry of the denomination was not exclusively designed. The more general 
 
334 TUE INSTirUTIOXS. 
 
 purpose was announced to be the moral and intellectual culture of j^outh, 
 and the dissemination of sound philosphy, {verm sophice.) 
 
 As the country churches were indifferent to the project, though most in- 
 terested in its success, Domine Frelinghuysen was commissioned, at a spe- 
 cial meeting of the original Coetus, which appears to have been irregularly 
 convened in May, 1755, to visit Holland and collect the necessary funds. 
 Liberal aid was expected, as the Netherlands churches had responded gene- 
 rously to the appeals of Schlatter in behalf of the Reformed Churches in 
 Pennsylvania. As Frelinghuysen also contemplated the erection of a 
 Classis, several of the pastors withdrew from the Coetus and organized the 
 Conferentie. The first act of this new organization was the preparation of 
 a letter to the Classis of Amsterdam in opposition to the proposed academy. 
 Frelinghuysen did not sail for Holland till 1759. Nothing is known of his 
 reception by the Classis, as he never returned. (Theological Seminaries, 
 Frelinghuysen, T.) 
 
 queen's college as a literary and theological institution. 
 
 The character of the Coetus party was about this time considerably 
 changed by the death of Erickzon, and the accession of young men, among 
 whom Rev. J. R. Hardenbergh M'as the most prominent. The maintenance 
 of the Dutch language was no longer considered necessary, but the intention 
 of establishing a literary and theological institution, of an intermediate 
 grade between the academy and the university, was retained. The colleges 
 already established in this country were accepted as models in regard to 
 discipline, and, in ten years after Frelinghuysen's departure, application 
 was made to Governor Franklin, of New-Jersey, for a charter. Political 
 considerations induced him to grant it, with special provisions for the 
 prevalence of the English language. The Trustees were expressly enjoined 
 to keep their minutes, accounts, and all rules, orders, and regulations, in 
 this language and no other ; and to support at least one Professor, fully 
 qualified to give instruction in its grammatical knowledge. They were 
 also required to take the oath of abjuration, and to subscribe a declaration 
 of adherence to the Protestant religion. Upon these conditions they were 
 invested with the right of appointing a President, from the membership of 
 the Reformed Dutch Church, and such a number of Professors and tutors 
 as at any time might seem to them advantageous to the institution. It is 
 not probable that medical or legal instructors were contemplated, but such 
 appointments are permitted by the indefiniteness of the language used. A 
 similar indeflniteness appears in the statement of the object of the College. 
 It is said to be "the education of the youth in the learned languages, libe- 
 ral and useful arts and sciences, and especially in divinity, preparing them 
 for the ministry and other good offices." The right of the Trustees to 
 elect a Professor of Divinity, and the right of the professor thus elected to 
 deliver theological lectures, was expressly mentioned. The power of con- 
 ferrino- degrees, which is in England given only to the officers of the uni- 
 versity, was, to a certain extent, bestowed upon the President and Trustees. 
 
TIIK INSTITUTIONS. 335 
 
 Tlio number of Trustees, including four ex-ofllcio members, was limited to 
 forty-one, of whom not more than one third could be ordained ministers 
 of the CJospel. The original board contained the allowed proportion of pas- 
 tors. Six of them were from New-Jersey, comprising the leaders of the 
 Coetus party, five of them were from New-York, and two from Pennsyl- 
 vania. These last were connected with the German Reformed Church. 
 
 The institution received the name of Queen's College, and was located in 
 New-Jersey, where its founders resided. The attachment of the pastors in 
 New-York City to their own plan of a Professorship in connection with 
 Columbia College also prevented an application to the governor of that 
 province. 
 
 The first meeting of the Trustees was held at Ilackensack, in 1V71. 
 Very few of the members from New-York were present. Considerable dis- 
 cussion occurred as to the site of the College. Some of the older members 
 appear to have claimed that Ilackensack was the most central location. 
 Others favored New-Brunswick as giving greater promise of growth, since 
 it was an important point upon the line of travel between New-York and 
 Philadelphia. The latter view prevailed. The proximity of Princeton, 
 where the College of New-Jersey was already well established, seems to 
 have been overlooked. One of the younger trustees, Dr. Ilardenbergh, a 
 man of unusual activity and great executive ability, and thoroughly Ameri- 
 can in his .sympathies, was elected President, and John Taylor, afterward 
 distinguished for his patriotism, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Mathe- 
 matics. Dr. Ilardenbergh appears to have assumed the duties of instruc- 
 tor in the Languages, Moral Philosophy, etc., without resigning his pastoral 
 charge at Raritan. Literary exercises were thus begun. The first build- 
 ing occupied by the College stood near the present site of the Second Pres- 
 byterian Church. It was burned during the Revolution. The next, standing 
 upon the same site, was removed, and is known as the Lancasterian school. 
 The task of collecting funds for the endowment, which was yet insignificant, 
 was also laid upon the President. With Domine Leydt, of New-Bruns- 
 wick, he passed from door to door soliciting subscriptions. (IIakden- 
 BEur.n, J. R., Leydt, J.) 
 
 Immediately after the opening of the College, the division which had been 
 occasioned by the scheme of Frelinghuysen in 1755 was healed. Through 
 the labors of Dr. Livingston, articles of union werq adopted, in which the 
 Conferentie party consented to the establishment of an Assembly, or Synod, 
 with powers of ordination, but refused to recognize Queen's College. On 
 the other hand, the Coetus party would not acknowledge the College in 
 New-York. By way of compromise, it was agreed that the Theological Pro- 
 fessors to be appointed by the Synod should have no connection with any 
 English academies. The failure of the Trustees to obtain the patronage of 
 the Synod was in part compensated by Abraham Van Nest's acceptance 
 of a place in the Board. The institution thus obtained a friend among the 
 laity of the church whose pastors had prevented its adoption. 
 
 The Synod made but feeble attempts to secure a Professor of Divinity, 
 
336 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 and the Trustees, with remarkable energ}', determined to carry out their 
 plan of a combined literary and theological institution, A call was sent to 
 Rev. John Brown, D.D., the distinguished commentator, of Haddington, 
 Scotland, but it was declined. In hope of obtaining a more general contri- 
 bution, a plan was proposed to unite the Synodical Professorship with the 
 College, by placing the Professor of Theology in the College, who also should 
 be its President, under the control of the Synod, by leaving the nomination 
 to the Classis of Amsterdam. The Professor thus nominated would be sub- 
 ject to the particular and general ecclesiastical bodies, in the same manner 
 as ministers were at large. The apparent cheapness of the plan seems to 
 have made it acceptable to many, and £4000 was subscribed by those who 
 had no pai tisan interest in the College. As this amount far exceeded that 
 which had been pledged for the support of the Synodical Professor, the 
 Synod of ] 773 coincided with the proposal of the Trustees, and promised 
 assistance in increasing the fund. The Classis of Amsterdam referred the 
 application of the Trustees for a nomination to the Theological Faculty at 
 Uti-echt ; the Faculty wrote back to the Classis, but nothing was accom- 
 plished. During this delay objections were made to the plan, and a con- 
 vention of ministers and elders was held in October, 1775, to devise mea- 
 sures for its consummation. The Trustees insisted that there should be 
 no overhauling of what had been done. The opening of the Revolutionary 
 war prevented the convention from taking any action. In the mean time, 
 Dr. Ilardenbergh and Prof Taylor were giving instruction to a small num- 
 ber of students. Among them was Simeon De Witt, who afterward be- 
 came Surveyor General of the United States. Thirteen bachelors of arts 
 W'ere graduated before the suspension of exercise-;, necessitated by the devel- 
 opment of the war. Only one of them entered the ministry of tiie Reformed 
 Church. The College adopted for its motto, '■'■ Sol justitice, et occidentem 
 illustra.'''' 
 
 Prof Taylor joined the army. Dr. Hardenbergh was called by his fel- 
 low-citizens to occupy important political positions. He was a member of 
 the convention which framed the constitution of the State, and was several 
 times elected to the Assembly. He retained charge of the church at Rari- 
 tan for several years, and was often honored by the attendance of General 
 Washington. In 1781 he retired to Rosendale, Ulster Co., N.Y., in which 
 neighborhood his famil}'' had formerly enjoyed manorial privileges. At the 
 close of the Wiir Prof Taylor returned to New-Brunswick, and collegiate 
 exercises were partially resumed. 
 
 queen's college as a preparatory school. 
 
 Iq 1784 the Trustees renewed their application for the patronage of the 
 Synods, but were opposed by those who wished a change of location. Dr. 
 Livingston wliile favoring New-Brunswick as a central point for the three 
 States of New-York, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania, considered the es- 
 tablishment of a literary institution unnecessary, on account of the vicinity 
 
THE IXSTITUTIOXS. 337 
 
 of Princeton, and altogether beyond the funds of the church. The erec- 
 tion of a Divinity Hall, for the sole purpose of teaching theology, seemed to 
 him more desirable. The union of literary and theological interests, pro- 
 posed in the charter, was apparently acknowledged by Dr. Ilardenbergli to 
 be impracticable, in the separation of church and state which had taken 
 place. On the other hand, the Trustees claimed that a Literary College was 
 necessary for the continuance of the denomination, and that by coinciding 
 with their proposal in 1773, in regard to the Professorship of Divinity, the 
 Synod had taken the entire institution under its care ; and this claim was 
 pressed, although the £4000 which had induced the partial recognition had ^ 
 been lost. It was finally determined, at a convention held in October, 1784, y^ 
 to establish a Professorship of Divinity at New-York, independently of the 
 College. The latter institution was recognized as a preparatory school 
 under the care of the Synod. But the value of this acknowledgment was 
 diminished by the appointment of a committee to establish a similar school 
 at Schenectad}', and the promised assistance in the raising of funds 
 amounted at first to but little. The Trustees accepted the status thus as- 
 signed them, with the understanding that the institution should be open to 
 young men who had not the ministry in view ; and the number of students 
 became comparatively large, after President Ilardenbergh removed to New- 
 Brunswick, having accepted a call from the church located there. Pulmo- 
 nary disease terminated his useful life in 1790, before he had reached his 
 fifty-third year. Dr. Condict, his successor in the pastoral work, accepted 
 a part of his collegiate duties, but the presidency remained vacant. An 
 unsuccessful attempt was made by one of the friends of the College to re- 
 unite it with the Synodical Professorate ; and the Trustees, yielding to dis- 
 couragement, without consulting the Synod, and while an unusually earnest 
 effort was in progress to increase the endowment, made proposals to the 
 Trustees of the College of New-Jersey, at Princeton, for a union of the two 
 institutions. Some persons refused to pay over the moneys which they 
 had collected, until assured that such negotiations had been abandoned. 
 The Synod of 1793 indorsed their action, and instructed all who might 
 have funds on hand for the College to retain them. In 1794, the removal of 
 the College to some point nearer New- York City was declared necessary for 
 the completion of the plan that had first been proposed in 1773. The Trus- 
 tees would not consent to such removal, and although the moneys which had 
 been collected were at length paid over, the exercises of the College were 
 again suspended in 1795. Nine of the graduates of this period were after- 
 ward licensed by the Reformed Church. 
 
 queen's college as a xew-brcnswick institution. 
 
 Its revival, in 1807, was mainly due to the self-sacrificing labors of Dr. 
 Condict, (Condict.) As a citizen of New-Brunswick he desired the estab- 
 lishment of a literary institution at that place. Local considerations in- 
 duced a large part of the Trustees to second his plans. The movement wae 
 
338 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 diverted from its original purpose by the action of the Particular Synod of 
 New-York, which refused to contribute to the support of a literary institu- 
 tion, but promised subscriptions for the establishment of a theological 
 school. A covenant was eventually adopted in September, 1807, according 
 to which the General Synod, 
 
 1. Suspended the efforts which were in progress for the endowment of 
 the Theological Professorship. 
 
 2. Appointed the Trustees agents to obtain and collect subscriptions in 
 the State of New-York, for the support of a Theological Professorship in 
 the College, and made them Trustees of the funds which should be raised. 
 
 3. Deposited in their hands the moneys already collected. 
 
 4. Located the Synodical Professorship at New-Brunswick. 
 
 5. Promised money for the erection of a theological hall, and the purchase 
 of a theological library. 
 
 6. Sanctioned the efforts of the Trustees to endow the literary depart- 
 ment of the College. 
 
 On the other hand, the Trustees promised, 
 
 1. To combine its literary interests with a decided support to evangelical 
 truth, and the promotion of a faithful and able ministry in the Dutch 
 Church. 
 
 2. To appropriate all moneys raised in the State of New-York to the 
 support of the Theological Professorship and the assistance of indigent 
 students. 
 
 3. To call the permanent Professor of the Synod as soon as suflficient 
 funds should be secured. 
 
 No provision was made for the removal of the theological school, nor for 
 the reversion of its funds in case of the failure of the literary department. 
 
 Ten thousand dollars were immediately subscribed by the Collegiate 
 Church for the theological fund, and the College went into operation. Dr. 
 Condict taking charge as president x^ro tern. The department of moral 
 philosophy was also assigned to him. Robert Adrain was elected Profes- 
 sor of Mathematics. About thirty students attended, and the grammar 
 school, which had been established as early as 1800, was in a flourishing 
 condition. Dr. Livingston accepted the Professorship of Theology, but con- 
 tinued to reside in New- York, as the salary promised was very inadequate. 
 Larger accommodations became necessary, and the Trustees attempted the 
 erection of the building at present occupied by the College. The plot of 
 land, embracing six and a quarter acres, was obtained from the estate of 
 James Parker, Esq. Its foundations were laid in 1809. Over five thousand 
 dollars of the theological funds, which had now increased to sixteen thou- 
 sand, were loaned to the literary department, and a part of the building was 
 soon occupied. Upon receiving a second call. Dr. Livingston accepted the 
 less arduous part of the President's duties,and removed to New-Brunswick ; 
 the government of the students was retained by Dr. Condict as vice-presi- 
 dent. The unexpected cost of the edifice prevented the fulfillment of the 
 
TUE INSTITUTIONS. 339 
 
 engagement which the Trustees made with Dr. Livingston. Dissatisfaction 
 was soon expressed, as they did not pay him the interest of the amount 
 known to be contributed to the theological fund. The trustees acknow- 
 ledged that they had loaned $5772.57 to the literary department, but re- 
 minded the Synod of its obligation to contribute to the erection of the 
 building, as it was designed in part for tlie use of the Theological Professor. 
 Three thousand dollars of the theological fund was appropriated iu 1813, 
 and interest allowed on two thirds of the amount from 18011. 
 
 A medical faculty was also appointed, and several doctors of medicine 
 were graduated. 
 
 The diversities of the theological and literary interests now appeared. 
 While the Trustees were laboring amid great embarrassments for the com- 
 pletion of the edifice, the attention of the church was given to a theological 
 school, organized in 1812, with the expectation of three professorships. 
 Dr. Condict was succeeded in 1811 by an alumnus of the college. Dr. John 
 Schureman, a young man of great promise but feeble health. Henry 
 Vethake succeeded Dr. Adrain in 1813, and Rev. Cornelius C. Vermeule was 
 elected Professor of Languages in 1814-. The number of students continued 
 encouraging, but the dissatisfaction of the church in the administration of 
 tlie theological fund increased. From a report of the Treasurer in 1815, it 
 appeared to yield only five per cent. The embarrassment of both the Synod 
 and the Trustees increased, and in 1815 a plan was proposed laying double 
 duties upon the Professors of the theological school, and dividing their sup- 
 port. The Trustees were unable to carry it out, and the College closed in 
 1816, though degrees were conferred until 1818. 
 
 The college edifice was gratuitously offered to the Synod, with some re- 
 servations in behalf of the Grammar School, for the use of the Seminary, 
 and support was promised as long as the Synod should continue it at New- 
 Brunswick, or until the literary exercises should be again resumed. But the 
 c»venant of 1807 was not repealed, nor did the Trustees give up the theo- 
 logical fund. 
 
 During these nine years, eight young men were prepared for the Seminary. 
 Among the other graduates was Cornelius L. Hardenbergh, a grandson of 
 the first president, and subsequently Professor of Law in the institution. 
 
 An attempt which was now made to remove the Seminary to the citj'' of 
 New-York disclosed a fact hitherto overlooked — that the theological fund 
 was appropriated to the support of a Professorship in the now closed Col- 
 lege. The Trustees refused to release the Synod. The consequent dissatis- 
 faction was increased by their unwillingness to use the surplus income aris- 
 ing from the Van Benschoten fund for the support of the seminary. Investi- 
 gation also showed that neither of these funds had been carefully adminis- 
 tered. A claim was presented by the Synod, for that part of the theologi- 
 cal fund which the Trustees had used in the erection of the College building 
 without the consent of the Synod. A most unpleasant and protracted 
 altercation ensued, in the course of which the Synod claimed entire control 
 
340 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 of the theological fund, and the Trustees charged rent to the amount of 
 $600 a year for the building, which they had offered gratuitously in 1816. 
 Legal measures were threatened. It was finally adjusted by the transfer 
 of the entire College property to the Synod, "free from any conditions or 
 restrictions whatsoever." In consideration of this transfer the Synod can- 
 celed its claim of $4000, ($220D principal and $1800 interest,) and assumed 
 a note of the Trustees amounting to about $4800. The Synod thus paid a 
 little over $12,000. More than $30,000 had been expended, yet only one 
 recitation-room had been furnished. Its appearance in 1823 is described by 
 one that attended the grammar school as follows : " We passed in those days 
 through no massive iron gateway, through no portended academic grove, to 
 reach the school. The College, unadorned by cupola or dome, stood lonely 
 and bare upon its bleak little eminence, exposed to the scorching rays of 
 the sun in summer, without a tree to shade us as we approached it, or to 
 break for us in winter the chilling blasts of the whistling north wind. Half 
 a dozen sickly, stunted trees, 'tis true, unscientifically planted in their beds of 
 shale and gravel, vegetated, without growing, at magnificent distances from 
 each other, leaving us ample room under the broad canopy of the sky to 
 play our game of corner ball. The grounds were surrounded and divided 
 into three parts by a rough board fence, except in front, where the inclo- 
 sure and the intersecting lines were drawn by a whitewashed paling, not 
 always in good repair — for sometimes the cow could stray out of pasture in 
 the east or west end ; or a stray pig could wander in, threatening serious 
 damage to the vegetable or corn patch, planted in a portion of either lot for 
 the benefit of the professor's or rector's commissariat of subsistence. Pro- 
 fessor Ludlow lived in the east, and the rector, Wm. Mabon, in the west end. 
 Through this paling, at one of two rickety gates, scarcely upheld on their 
 hinges by their loose or decaying posts, we gained access to the barren cam- 
 pus, fit emblem in its fallowness of the applicant for a form in the only hall 
 of study which the college then contained. And except that hall, which was 
 the west front room on the ground floor, and a kitchen and store-room intru- 
 sion into it on either side, for the residences in the wings, the whole centre 
 portion of the building was, so far as we knew, given over to spiders, and 
 the dust of ages which had settled on their webs — perhaps to owls and gob- 
 lins, for Waverley had not yet superseded The Mysteries of Udolpho and 
 The Castle of Otranto, and none of us were hardy enough to undertake its 
 exploration." 
 
 RUTGERS COLLEGE IN UNION WITH THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 
 
 Immediately after the death of Dr. Livingston, in 1825, Dr. John De Witt, 
 Professor of Biblical Literature and Ecclesiastical History, proposed the revival 
 of the College in hope of increasing the number of theological students, and 
 was seconded by Dr. Milledoler. The Synod M'as able to make more gen- 
 erous offers than in 1815, as its funds had been very much increased by the 
 unexpected success of a committee, appointed in 1822, of which Abraham 
 Van Nest was chairman, for the endowment of the Professorship of Bibli- 
 
THE INSTITDTIONS. 
 
 341 
 
 cal Literature and Ecclesiastical History. Over $50,000 were eventually sub- 
 scribed, the $27,000 contributed by the northern section of the church be- 
 ing appropriated to a new Professorship. The ministerial members of the 
 Board of Trustees took prompt action. The movement undoubtedly gained 
 impulse by the election of Abraham Van Nest as a trustee, and in Septem- 
 ber, IS'25, an additional covenant was adopted by which the Synod, 
 
 1. Allowed the trustees the free use of such parts of the Seminary build- 
 ing as, in the judgment of the professors, were necessary for collegiate ex- 
 ercises. 
 
 2. Assigned to the Theological Professors such literary duties as the 
 Synod deemed best calculated to promote the mutual interests of loth insti- 
 tutions. 
 
 3. Allowed the Trustees the tuition money for the support of the Pro- 
 fessors appointed by them. 
 
 4. Promised to pay the salaries of the Theological Professors, and to make 
 up all deficiencies in the salaries of the other Professors, in fixing which it 
 bad a concurrent voice. 
 
 The Trustees obligated themselves, 
 
 1. To revive the literary exercises as soon as possible. 
 
 2. To appoint one Professor of Languages and one Professor of Mathe- 
 matics and Natural Philosophy, without delay, and to use the income of 
 the College in their support. 
 
 3. To appoint one of the Professors of the Seminary President of the 
 College without pay. 
 
 • 4. To appoint as treasurer the treasurer of the General Synod, and to 
 render a full and correct statement of their invested funds and the income 
 arising from tuition money, as often as required, to the Board of Directors. 
 
 The Synod reserved the right of dissolving the connection, if the College 
 could not be sustained withiout impairing the funds of the Seminary. 
 
 The original distribution of duties was : Moral Philosophy, Evidences of 
 Christianity, to the Professor of Didactic Theology ; Belles Zettres, Elements 
 of Criticism and Logic, to the Professor of Biblical Literature ; Metaphys- 
 ics and Mental Philosophy, to the newly elected Professor of Church His- 
 tory. Grammatical instruction of the theological students in Hebrew and 
 Greek was assigned to the Professor of Languages. Special provision was 
 made for the religious education of the students. Biblical recitations, under 
 the conduct of the President, and Sabbath services in the theological hall 
 were appointed. The government of the College was intrusted to a board 
 of six superintendents, appointed by the Synod and Trustees in equal parts. 
 Its administration was given to a faculty, consisting of the President, Pro- 
 fessors, and Tutors. That the course of education might be more beneficial, 
 the number of pay students was limited to one hundred. It was deemed 
 expedient to drop the name of Queen's, as it recalled the condition of vas- 
 salage from which the nation had been delivered. The present name was 
 chosen by the Synod, in consideration of the character and services of Col. 
 Henry Rutgers. 
 
342 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Dr. Woodbull was elected to the new Professorship of Church History. 
 Dr. Milledoler accepted the Presidency; Eobert Adrain, LL.D., was reelect- 
 ed Professor'of Mathematics,by the Trustees,and Rev. Wm. C. Brownlee, Pro- 
 fessor of Languages. The College was again opened with a faculty of five Pro- 
 fessors, undertaking the work of at least ten. Thirty students attended. Dr. 
 "WoodhuU was soon removed by death, and Dr. Brownlee was called to the 
 Collegiate Church. These vacancies were filled by the election of Dr. Can- 
 non, and Joseph Nelson, who, though blind, discharged his duties with emi- 
 nent ability. Dr. Adrain was succeeded by Theodore Strong, in 1827, and 
 Prof. Nelson by Rev. Alex, McClelland, 1829. In spite of these changes, the 
 number of students increased to sixty or seventy. The building was adorn- 
 ed with a cupola, and the sound of a bell announced to the citizens of New- 
 Brunswick that the College was again alive. A grammar-school building 
 was also erected. Additional recitation-rooms were finished, and the en- 
 dowment was increased, especially by a donation of $5000 from Col. Rut- 
 gers. The library, for which the Trustees had appropriated $1800 as early as 
 1815, was increased. A mineriilogical cabinet was commenced, and a society 
 of natural history organized by the students. Lewis C. Beck was elected 
 Professor of Chemistry. The grammar school continued to prosper under 
 the care of Rev. Mr. Mulligan, who was succeeded in 1830 by Robert 0. 
 Currie — at the time of his appointment a student in the seminary. An 
 English and scientific school was organized in 1832, under Mr. Mortimer. A 
 medical school was again attempted, but soon abandoned. Medical degrees 
 were seldom conferred after 1827. 
 
 The impossibility of maintaining two institutions with one corps of Pro- 
 fessors soon appeared. The reputation of the Seminary was injured, and 
 the number of its students remained very small. The arrangement for in- 
 struction in the grammatical knowledge of Hebrew was also found to be 
 precarious. During the sickness which preceded the resignation of Prof. 
 Nelson, his duties were assigned to the rector of the grammar school. The 
 incompatibility of the literary and theological duties assigned to the Profes- 
 sors became manifest at the election of Dr. McClelland as Professor of Bibli- 
 cal Literature. A movement was therefore made, in 1832, for the modifica- 
 tion or dissolution of the connection between the Seminary and the College. 
 It failed through the opposition of the Trustees, who made temporary pro- 
 vision for the relief of the Professors, by the election of Rev. Dr. Jacob J. 
 Janeway to the Vice-Presidency, and to an unsalaried Professorship of the 
 Evidences of Christianity, Rhetoric, Belles Zeitres, etc. The deficiency of the 
 plan of 1825, as to instruction in Hebrew, was also met, by the creation of a 
 Professorship of Oriental Literature, to be held by the Professor of Biblical 
 Literature. 
 
 The College continued to flourish. Rev. John D. Ogilby accepted the 
 vacancy in the Professorship of Language. But the Seminary remained sta- 
 tionary. Several graduates of the College entered other theological insti- 
 tutions, and the efforts of the church to increase its ministry seemed 
 futile. The opinion gained ground that the interests of the Seminary de- 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 343 
 
 manded the release of its professors from their duties in the College. A 
 committee, appointed by the Synod of 183(5 to confer with the Trustee?, 
 found thcu^ unwilling to assume an independent position until repossessed 
 of the edifice which they had built. The offer which they made was de- 
 clined as the amount was insufRcient to build a new theological hall and 
 professorial residences, and the financial difficulties of the times prevented 
 an appeal to the churches. There was reason to expect a marked increase 
 of theological students, in consequence of a revival of religion, which oc- 
 curred at this time in the College, and the second attempt to separate the 
 two institutions resulted in resolutions of confidence and promises of sup- 
 port. The expected additions to the Seminary were realized. Thirty of 
 those graduated between 1837 and 1830, entered the ministry of our own 
 denomFnation. But the College did not receive the entire patronage of 
 the church. Some of the pastors who had desired the abolition of the 
 covenant relations diverted the attention of youth to other institutions, 
 and a decreased attendance of students was noticed as early as 1S3G. 
 The class of 1838 contained only fourteen, and a very large proportion 
 were beneficiaries. A vacancy in the course of instruction was occasioned 
 by the resignation of Dr. Janeway. An appeal for assistance was made to 
 the Synod of 1839, which declared that the interests of the College, as well 
 as those of the Seminary, required their separation. It was apparently ef- 
 fected in the following year. Seventy-one of the two hundred and sixty- 
 seven, graduated from 1825-40, had been licensed by the Reformed Church ; 
 sevcrafof them have rendered important political services; and others 
 have contributed to the development of the sciences. 
 
 RUTGERS COLLEGE PARTIALLY IXDEPENDEN'T. 
 
 By the legislation of 1840, an independent literary faculty was created, 
 the Presidency separated from the Seminary, the Theological Professors ap- 
 parently released from the obligation to teach in the College ; and its entire 
 administration, including the appointment of the President and Professors, 
 the providing and disbursing of its funds, and the controlling and di- 
 recting of its concerns generally, given to the Trustees, who also received 
 a legal instrument guaranteeing the gratuitous use of the library-room, the 
 chapel, and recitation-rooms, and binding the Synod not to sell or lease the 
 building without their consent. (M. G. 8. 1839, 315.) 
 
 Tuition fees for beneficiaries were allowed out of tlie income of the 
 educational funds, and the synodical recommendation of the institution 
 was renewed. A second plan of professorial duties was adopted, assign- 
 ing to the President the department which had been occupied by Dr. Jane- 
 way, and permitting Dr. McClelland to intrude upon the proper sphere of 
 the Professor of Language. These numerous changes were made without 
 a formal abrogation of the covenants of 1807 and 1825. 
 
 Hon. Abraham B. Ilasbrouck accepted the Presidency, and a season of 
 rapid development followed. The faculty was enlarged by the appointment 
 
344 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 of Wm. H. Crosby, A.M., Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages, and 
 of P. J. G. Hodenpyl, Professor of Modern Languages. The former be- 
 came the first professor of Latin, in 1846, the Greek language and situa- 
 tion being retained by Dr. Proudfit, who succeeded Professor Ogilby in 
 1840. A necessity was soon felt for more lecture-rooms, and through the 
 efforts of the alumni a building was erected for the use of the literary 
 societies and other purposes, west of the old edifice, and named Van Nest 
 Hall, in honor of services rendered in the past. A residence for the Presi- 
 dent was also built, and a fund secured for his support, making the entire 
 endowment over fifty thousand dollars. 
 
 These efforts did not attract the patronage of the public, as neighboring 
 colleges offered still greater advantages. The interest of the denomination 
 was destroyed by the appeals for further assistance, and the acknowledg- 
 ments of imperfection in the course of study, which were annually made by 
 the Trustees ; and their continued presentation of claims generally consider- 
 ed to have been cancelled by the resolution of 1840 awakened provocation 
 as well as surprise. The impatience was increased by the evident failure 
 of the College to supply students for the Seminary, after the influence of 
 the revival of 1837 ceased. In 1847-8, the Synod published strictures 
 upon the course of study adopted by the Trustees, and expressed a desire 
 for complete separation. During the investigation which followed, it was 
 discovered that the transfer of the theological fund in 1828, was merely 
 nominal, the Board of Directors having bound the Synod to use its income 
 for the support of a theological professorship in Rutgers College. The 
 Trustees appear to have claimed the restoration of this fund, as a condi- 
 tion of the separation which the church had so frequently attempted, 
 although for ten years they had ignored the existence of any such Professor- 
 ship, and afterward hesitated to revive it. Fear of losing this $10,000 
 seems to have changed the policy of the Synod. The covenant of 1807 
 had been indirectly abolished in 1840, and the Theological Professors re- 
 lieved from literary duties. But the report adopted in 1850, while re- 
 affirming the resolution of 1840, admitted the continued eflBcacy of the cove- 
 nant of 1807, and the obligation of the Seminary Professors to lecture in the 
 College. By this action the Synod acknowledged itself to be without any 
 voice in the government of the literary department, and yet bound to keep 
 a part of the College building in repair for its convenience, to furnish gratui- 
 tous instruction in the Evidences of Christianity, Moral and Mental Philoso- 
 phy, and to pay tuition fees for its beneficiaries, without being at liberty 
 to place them in other institutions. The only request presented by the Synod, 
 (1850,) to the Trustees, was for the election of Dr. Van Vranken as a Profes- 
 sor of Theology in the College. {M. G. S. viii. 89, 5.) The Trustees were 
 satisfied and hoped that no change would be made. President Hasbrouck 
 resigned during the controversy which preceded the establishment of these 
 peculiar relations. The vacancy was filled by the election of Theodore 
 Frelinghuysen, a family connection, but not a lineal descendant of the Do- 
 mine at Albany, who projected the establishment of an academy in 1755. 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 846 
 
 Several other changes followed at short intervals. Dr. McClelland vras suc- 
 ceeded by Dr. Campbell, in 1851 ; Dr. Cannon by Dr. Ludlow, in 1852 ; Prof. 
 Beck by Dr. George II. Cook, in 1853 ; and Wm. Irvin was elected to the 
 Professorship of Latin, which had been vacant for several years. 
 
 The Trustees had learned the inexpediency of applying to the Synod for 
 aid in meeting their annual expenses, and, in 1850, the clause of the cov- 
 enant of 1825, which obliged the Synod to supply all deficiencies in the 
 salaries of the literary Professors, was admitted to be repealed. They 
 immediately attcmped to increase the endowment $10,000, by offering 
 scholarships for ^500 each, and met with considerable success. Their ac- 
 commodations were improved by the removal of the Seminary to the newly- 
 erected Ilertzog Hall. Changes in the Board of Trustees led to a complete 
 change in the character of the faculty. Several of the Professors were re- 
 tired, and younger men elected. In ISCO, Dr. Van Vranken was the only 
 Professor remaining of those who welcomed Frelinghuysen to the Presi- 
 dency in 1850. A new Professorship of English Literature was given to 
 Rev. John Forsyth, D.D. The facilities for instruction in the natural sciences 
 were increased, and greater prominence given to their study. The number 
 of students was considerably increased by the revival of 1857, the classes 
 of 1800 and 18G2 being the largest that have yet been graduated. The 
 cotemporancous increase of attendance at the scminarj' led to another un- 
 successful attempt for the relief of the Theological Professors. At length 
 the inability of the College to stand alone was removed by the earnest 
 efforts of Dr. Wm. H. Campbell, who succeeded Mr. Frelinghuysen in 18G2. 
 •A plan of raising $100,000, for salaries alone, in scholarships of $100 or 
 more, was carried out ; a Collegiate Church Professorship of Rhetoric, Logic, 
 and Mental Philosophy was established, to the relief of the Professor of 
 Church History ; and the duties of the Theological Professor assigned to 
 the President. The College building was re-transferred to the trustees for 
 $12,000, on the conditions that it shall not be used for other than coUegiato 
 purposes, and that the President and three fourths of the Trustees shall 
 always be members in full communion of the Reformed Church. In 1865, 
 the trustees applied for the* abrogation of the covenant of 1807. The Synod 
 relinquished the right of appointing the Professor of Theology, and the 
 college entered on a new era of independence and prosi^erity. It had 
 already accumulated, from the benefactions of the denomination, in great 
 part, real estate, valued at $75,000, and an endowment of about $250,000. 
 It had in this time educated 276 young men for the Seminary, nearly half 
 of whom, perhaps, were beneficiaries. For these latter, the educational 
 funds had paid tuition fees, (1839-1865,) when the trustees remitted their 
 further payment. From 1817-1825, while the Seminary alone was in opera- 
 tion, the average number of licentiates per annum was six and five ninths. 
 From 1826-18G5, it was nine and seven eighths. In the former period the 
 educational funds of the church were very small, the Van Bunsshoten fund 
 being but slightly productive. In the latter, a Board of Education was or- 
 ganized, and beneficiaries multiplied. 
 
346 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 RUTGERS COLLEGE, ENTIRELY INDEPENDENT, 
 
 The influence of a clerical President may already be seen. The course of 
 study has become in the past few years most thoroughly adapted to those 
 who have the ministry in view. Elocution, which was so long neglected, re- 
 ceives careful attention, and an attempt is being made to give elementary 
 instruction in Hebrew and New Testament Greek. A system of biblical 
 recitations, also guards the student from dangerous errors, in morals and 
 faith. The prosperity of the College is thus an object of increasing interest 
 to our denomination. Its contiguity to the seminary promises to yield greater 
 accessions to the ministry than the numberless resolutions of Synods and 
 Trustees, pursuing an impracticable plan. Its claims to general patronage 
 have not been affected by these changes. The faculty has recently been en- 
 larged by the appointment of Geo. "W. Atherton, A.M., as Professor of 
 History, Political Economy, and Constitutional Law. 
 
 A scientific school was organized in 1864, and designated by the Legisla- 
 ture of New-Jersey, " The State College for the Benefit of Agriculture and 
 the Mechanic Arts," provided for by an act of Congress in 1862. It was 
 opened in 1866. Two courses of study, one in civil engineering and mathe- 
 matics, the other in chemistry and agriculture, have been adopted, with the 
 approval of the Board of Superintendents appointed by the State. An ob- 
 servatory has been built for the practical study of astronomy, and a farm 
 of one hundred acres purchased for the illustration and development of ag- 
 ricultural science. The number of students is increasing. Dr. Cook, the 
 State geological surveyor, who has recently published The Geology of the 
 State of WeiD- Jersey , has been elected Professor of Agriculture, Colonel J. 
 H. Kellogg, Professor of Engineering and Military Superintendent, and 
 John 0. Smock, Professor of Mining and Metallurgy. AV. H. P. 
 
 Trustees appointed hy the Charter, 
 William Franklin, Esq., Governor or Commander-in-Chief, of the Colony of 
 
 New-Jersey, ex officio. 
 Hon. Peter Kemble, President of the Council of New-Jersey, ex officio. 
 Hon. Frederick Smyth, Chief-Justice, " " " " 
 
 Hon. Cortlandt Skinner, Attorney-General " " " " 
 
 Of New-Jersey. 
 
 Sir William Johnson, Baronet, Eev. (Johannes) Martinus Van Harliu- 
 
 Eev. Johannes H. Goetschius, gin, 
 
 " Johannes Leydt, Eev. Jacob R. Hardenbergh, 
 
 " David Maurinus, " William Jackson 
 
 Of New-YorJc. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Verbryk, Rev. Eilardus Westerlo, 
 
 " Barent Vrooman, " John Schuremau. 
 
 " (Johannes) Maurice Goetschius, 
 
 Of Pennsylvania. 
 Rev. Philip Wyberg, Rev. Jonathan Dubois. 
 
TUE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 347 
 
 Hendrick Fisher, 
 Peter Zabriskio 
 Peter Ilascnclever, 
 Peter Schenck, 
 
 Simon Jolinson, 
 Philip Livingston, 
 Johannes Hardcnbergh, 
 Abraham Hasbrouck, 
 John Brinckorhoff, 
 Nicholas Stillwell, 
 Martinus Hoflman, 
 Jacob H. Ten Eyck, 
 
 Of New-Jersey. 
 
 Tennis Dey, 
 Philip French, 
 John Covenhoven, 
 Henricus Kuypcr. 
 
 Of New-York. 
 
 Theodorus Van Wyck, 
 Abraham Lott, 
 Robert Livingston, 
 Levi Pauling, 
 John Haring, 
 Isaac Vrooman, 
 Barnardus Ryder. 
 
 Present Board of Trustees. 
 Ex Officio. 
 His Excellency, Theodore F. Randolph, Governor of the State of New-Jersey. 
 Hon. Mercer Beasley, LL.D., Chief-Justice " " " " " " 
 
 Hon. George W. Robeson, Attorney-General " " " " " " 
 
 By Election. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 Rev. WUliam H, Campbell, D.D., LL.D., 
 "William Van Deursen, M.D., 
 Rev. James B. Hardenbergh, D.D., 
 Hon. Peter D. Vroom, LL.D., 
 
 " A. Bruyn Hasbrouck, LL.D., 
 Rev. Thomas De Witt, D.D., 
 
 " Abraham Messier, D.D., 
 
 " Gustavus Abeel, D.D., 
 
 " Thomas E. Vermilye, D.D., LL.D., 
 Hon. Peter Vredenburg, 
 John Hopper, Esq., 
 Hon. Fred. T. Frelinghuysen, LIj.D., 
 J. Romeyn Brodhead, LL.D., 
 Maurice E. Viele, Esq., 
 Charles W. Swift, Esq., 
 Hon. Robert H. Pruyn, LL.D., 
 Jumes Suydam, Esq., 
 Peter S. Duryee, Esq., 
 Rev. Benjamin C. Taylor,D.D., 
 
 " David D. Demarcst, D.D., 
 
 " Thomas C. Strong, D.D., 
 Joeph P. Bradley, LL.D., 
 Hon. John A. Lott, LL.D., 
 David Bishop, Esq., 
 Rev. Francis ^L Kipp, D.D., 
 
 RESIDENCE. DATE OF ELECTION. 
 
 New-Brunswick, Sept. 16, 1863. 
 
 New-York City, 
 Trenton, 
 Kingston, N. T., 
 New- York City, 
 
 Somerville, 
 
 Newark, 
 
 New-York City, 
 
 Freehold, 
 
 Paterson, 
 
 Newark, 
 
 New- York City, 
 
 Albany, N. Y., 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N.Y., " 
 
 Albany, N. Y., 
 
 New-York City, 
 
 Newark, 
 
 Bergen, 
 
 New-Brunswick, 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y., 
 
 Newark, 
 
 Flatbush, N. Y., 
 
 New-Brunswick, 
 
 Fishkill. N. Y., 
 
 Nov. 14, 1823. 
 Dec. 5, 1825. 
 July 15, 1828. 
 July 17, 1837. 
 April 7, 1840. 
 July 22, 1845. 
 
 July 24, 1849. 
 
 U C( iC 
 
 July 22, 1851. 
 July 21, 1851. 
 April 12, 1853. 
 July 27, 1853. 
 
 Sept. 29, " 
 
 July 1, 1857. 
 
 April 13, 1857. 
 (( (( It 
 
 June 29, " 
 >( « (( 
 
 Oct. 6, 1860. 
 
348 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Henry L. Janeway, Esq., New-Brunswick, April 8, 1863. 
 
 Rev. Jolm H. Manning, D.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., June 16, 1863. 
 
 Edward L. Brayton, Esq., Utica, " " " " 
 
 Johnson Letson, Esq., New-Brunswick, " " " 
 
 A. O. Zabriskie, LL.D., Jersey City, " " « 
 
 Rev. Garret C. Schanck, Marlboro, Aprilll,1866. 
 
 James A. "Williamson, Esq., Jersey City, " " " 
 
 Stafford R. W. Heath, " Newark, " " « 
 
 Jacob W. Jewett, Esq., Poughkeepsie, N.Y., " " " 
 
 Rev. Talbot. W. Chambers, D.D., New-York City, June 17, 1868. 
 
 Presidents. 
 Rev. Jacob R. Hardenbergh, D.D., appointed, 1771 ; died, 1790. 
 Rev, John H. Livingston, D.D., S.T.P., appointed, 1810 ; died, 1825. 
 Rev. Philip MiUedoler, D.D., LL.D., S.T.P., appointed 1835 ; resigned, 
 1840. 
 Hon. A. Bruyn Hasbrouck, LL.D., appointed, 1840 ; resigned, 1850. 
 Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D., appointed, 1850 ; died, 1863. 
 Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D.D., LL.D., appointed, 1863. 
 
 Vice-Presidents. 
 
 APPOINTED. 
 
 1809. Rev. L-a Condict, D.D., deceased, 1811. 
 1811. Rev. John Schureman, D.D., college suspended, 1816. 
 1833. Rev. Jacob J. Janeway, D.D., resigned, 1838. 
 1861. George H. Cook, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 
 Professors. 
 
 1771. John Taylor, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philoso- 
 phy ; resigned, 1793. 
 
 1809. Rev. Ira Condict, D.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy ; deceased, 
 1811. 
 
 1809. Robert Adrain, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics ; resigned, 1813. 
 
 1811. Rev. John Schureman, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Moral Philosophy 
 and Belles Lettres ; college suspended, 1816. 
 
 1813. Henry Vethake, A.M., Professor of Mathematics ; vacated, 1814. 
 
 1814. Rev. Cornelius C. Vermeule, D.D., Professor of Languages ; resigned, 
 1815. 
 
 1835. Rev. Philip MiUedoler, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Moral Philosophy ; 
 resigned, 1840. 
 
 1835. Rev. Wm. C. Brownlee, D.D., Professor of Languages ; resigned, 
 1836. 
 
 1835. Rev. Selah Woodhull, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Metaphysics and 
 Mental Philosophy, deceased, 1836. 
 
 1835. Rev. Jno. De Witt,D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Belles Lettres, Elements of 
 Criticism, and Logic ; deceased, 1831. 
 
 1835. Robert Adrain, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics ; resigned, 1839. 
 
 1836. Rev. James S. Cannon, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Metaphysics and 
 Mental Philosophy ; deceased, 1853. ' 
 
TUE INSTITUTIONS. 349 
 
 1826. Joseph Nelson, LL.D., Professor of Languages ; resigned, 1829. 
 
 1827. Theodore Strong, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phi 
 losophy ; emeritus, 1859. 
 
 1829. Rev. Alexander McClelland, D.D., S.T P., Professor of Languages ; 
 resigned, 1832. 
 
 1830. Lewis C. Beck, M.D., Professor of Chemistry and Natural History ; 
 deceased, 1853. 
 
 1832. Ecv. Jno. D. Ogilby, A.M., Professor of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
 guages ; resigned, 1840. 
 
 1833. Rev. Alexander McClelland, D.D., S.T.P. Professor of Oriental Lit- 
 erature ; resigned, 1861. 
 
 1833. Rev. Jacob J. Janeway, Professor of Evidences of Christianity, 
 Political Economy, Belles Lettres, etc. resigned, 1839. 
 
 1840. lion. A. Bruyn Hasbrouck, LL.D., Professor of Constitutional and 
 International Law, Political Economy, Rhetoric, and Belles Lettres; resigned, 
 1850. 
 
 1840. Rev. John Proudfit, D.D., Professor of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
 guages ; resigned, 1845. 
 
 1841. Vniliam H. Crosby, A.M., Adjunct Professor of the Latin and 
 Greek Languages, resigned, 1845. 
 
 1841. Rev. Sarc.uel A. Van Vranken, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Evidences of 
 Christianity and Logic ; deceased, 1861. 
 
 1841. P. J. G. Hodcnpyl, Professor of Modem Languages; resigned, 1846. 
 
 1845. Rev. John Proudfit, D.D., Professor of the Greek Language and Lit- 
 erature ; vacated, 1859. 
 
 1845. Wm. H. Crosby, A.M., Professor of the Latin Language and Litera- 
 ture ; resigned, 1849. 
 
 1846. Rev. Charles R. Von Romondt, Professor of Modern Languages ; re- 
 signed, 1859. 
 
 1850. Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D., Professor of International and 
 Constitutional Law, and Moral Philosophy ; deceased, 1862. 
 
 1851. Rev. William H. Campbell, D.D.,S.T.P., Professor of Rhetoric ; re- 
 signed, 1859. 
 
 1852. John Ludlow, D.D., LL.D., S.T.P., Professor of Mental Philosophy ; 
 deceased, 1857. 
 
 1853. Geo. H. Cook, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Chemistry and Natural 
 Science. 
 
 1854. William Irvin, A.M., Professor of the Latin Language and Litera- 
 ture ; vacated, 1859. 
 
 1857. Rev. S. M. Woodbridge, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Mental Philoso- 
 phy ; resigned, 1864. 
 
 1859. Rev. Howard Crosby, D.D., Professor of the Greek Language and 
 Literature ; resigned, 1863. 
 
 1859. T. Romeyn Beck, A.M., Professor of the Latin Language and Lite- 
 rature ; resigned, 1860. 
 
 1859. Marshal Hcnshaw, A.M., Professor of Mathematics ; resigned, 1863. 
 
 1859. Gustavus Fisher, Professor of Modern Languages and Literature. 
 
 1860. Rev. John Forsyth, D.D., Professor of the English Language and 
 Literature ; resigned, 1863. 
 
350 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 1860. Eev. De Witt T. Reiley, A.M., Professor of fhe Latin Language and 
 Literature, and Rector of Grammar School. 
 
 1861. Rev. Joseph F.Berg, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Evidences of Christian- 
 ity ; resigned, 1867. 
 
 1863. Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D.D., S.T.P., Professor of Moral Philosophy . 
 1863. Rev. David Cole, A.M., Professor of the Greek Language and Lit- 
 erature ; resigned, 1866. 
 
 1863. David Murray, A.M., Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, 
 and Astronomy. 
 
 1864. Rev. T. S. Doolittle, Professor of Rhetoric, Logic, and Mental Philos- 
 ophy. 
 
 1865. Luther H. Tucker, A.M., Professor of Agriculture ; resigned, 1866. 
 
 1866. Rev. Jacob Cooper, Ph.D., Professor of the Greek Language and 
 Literature. 
 
 1866. Col. Josiah H. Kellogg, Brevet Major, U. S. A., Professor of Engineer- 
 ing and Military Superintendent. 
 
 1867. Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Evidences of 
 Christianity. 
 
 1867. George H. Cook, Ph.D., Professor of Agriculture. 
 
 1869. John Conover Smock, Professor of Mining and Metallurgy. 
 
 1868. Geo. W. Atherton, A.M., Professor of History, Political Economy, 
 and Constitutional Law. 
 
 HOPE COLLEGE, AT HOLLAND, MICHIGAN. 
 
 The extension of the Reformed Church in the West, especially by the 
 large immigration of Hollanders about 184G-7, early suggested the impor- 
 tance of educational institutions in that section of our land. Indeed, as 
 early as 1843, this subject was a matter of synodical deliberation. In 1848 
 the exhaustive report on the state of the church, made by Rev. James 
 Romeyn, brought the topic again to public attention. A civil and parochial 
 school had already been started in the new Holland settlement, chiefly 
 through the care of Rev. Dr. Van Raalte, soon after colonization. In 1850, 
 this was taken partially under the care of the Board of Domestic Missions, 
 and some funds furnished it from the east, and a higher character given to 
 it. The next year, Mr. W. W. Taylor, of Geneva, New-York, took charge 
 of it. Two years later, the whole enterprise was placed under the care of the 
 Board of Education. In 1854 some of its students passed into Rutgers College. 
 Mr. Taylor was now succeeded by Rev. F. P. Beidler, who also preached 
 in English. In 1855, Rev. John Van Vleck was appointed Principal of the 
 Holland Academy and missionary preacher in the colony, and a couple of 
 years after, a building was erected on grounds donated by Dr. Van Raalte. 
 Mr. Abraham Thompson was also appointed this year as an additional in- 
 structor. 
 
 Rev. Giles Van De Wall succeeded Mr. Thompson in 1858, while Mr. 
 Van Vleck was succeeded by Rev. Philip Phelps, Jr., the following year, 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 351 
 
 whose cfTorts soon increased the property of the institution. In ISfil, by 
 the resignation of Mr. Van l)c AVall, Mr. Phelps ■was loft alone for two 
 years. In this interval, however, a gymnasium was built by the students, 
 and the freshmen class of the nascent college was formed, while the missionary 
 work connected with the institution resulted in the organization of Hope 
 Church. Synod approved the forming of a collegiate department in 1803, 
 and appointed a Board of Superintendents over it. The following year, 
 Synod recommended the germinal College to the churches for an endowment. 
 Efforts to collect funds were begun among the llolhindcrs. Revs. P. J. 
 Oggel, and T. Romeyn Beck, having been appointed Professors in the fall 
 of 18C3, entered on their duties in January, IBC-i, and the following year, 
 to facilitate the work of endowment. Rev. J. M. Ferris temporarily ac- 
 cepted a Professorship, in addition to the missionary charge at Grand Rap- 
 ids. Pr. Phelps, in the mean time, commenced a systematic plan for the 
 endowment of the institution. 
 
 This institution was duly incorporated as Hope College, in May, 1866, and 
 the following July Dr. Phelps was inaugurated as its first President. The 
 same month the first class was graduated, and was permitted to begin 
 theological studies at this institution. Revs. Charles Scott and Cornelius 
 E. Crispell were appointed additional Professors. The following year. Dr. 
 Tan Raalte gave them a valuable tract of land within the city limits, while 
 a beautiful peninsula of nearly nine hundred acres was purchased as a 
 financial basis, and for the establishment of a scientific school. Their lots, 
 buildings, and fixtures are now valued at more than $25,000, while the 
 present valuation of real estate, for the market, is $15,000, and their en- 
 dowment approaches $50,000, besides many outstanding pledges. A pro- 
 posal was made to the Synod of 1868 to allow this institution to become a 
 university under the title of " Hope Haven University," which proposition 
 is now pending. 
 
 President. 
 Rev. Philip Phelps, D.D., also Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philoso- 
 phy. 
 
 Professors. 
 gev. Peter John Oggel, A.M., of Sacred Literature. 
 Rev. Theodorick Romeyn Beck, A.M., of Latin and Greek Language and 
 
 Literature. 
 Rev. Charles Scott, A.M., of Chemistry and Natural History. 
 Rev. Cornelius Eltinge Crispell, D.D., of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, 
 and Astronomy. 
 
 of Logic, Rhetoric, and English Literature. 
 
 Cornelius Doesburg, Tutor in Modem Languages. 
 
352 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES. 
 
 PRELIMINARY METHODS. 
 
 The desire to educate young men for the ministry in this country was 
 the cause of an unhappy strife. (Historical Introduction.) The church 
 had been accustomed to receive most of her ministers from Europe. In 
 1658 the first young man went from this country to Holland to be educated 
 and ordained. (Megapolensis, S.) The number which took this trouble was 
 comparatively few. As far as appears, there were not more than a dozen 
 up to the year 1770.* Prior to this date, about seventy ministers had 
 come to America, to oflQciate in the Hollandish branch of the Reformed 
 Church, and about the same number to officiate in the German branch^ 
 The Coetus and the American Classis, during their day, (1747-71,) licensed 
 about a dozen young menf to preach the Gospel, while the Conferentie 
 licensed but a single one.f Boehm had been ordained in 1729, and Schuyler 
 in 173G, by special permission of the Classis of Amsterdam, which stimu- 
 lated the desire for an American judicatory, asked for the next year. 
 Goetschius had been ordained by the Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, 
 in 1737, for the German Reformed Church, and a year later, his son, J. H. 
 Goetschius, had been ordained on individual responsibility, (Goetscqius, 
 J. H.,) but reordained ten years later ; while John Van Driessen had gone 
 to New-Haven for ordination, as early as 1727. Morgan had officiated at 
 Freehold, (1709-1731,) for the Dutch, in connection with a Scotch Presby- 
 terian church, he remaining a member of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 
 The young men who had studied in this country, previous to 1770, had 
 found their preceptors chiefly in Erickzon, the Frelinghuysens, Goetschius, 
 Leydt, Hardenbergh, and Westerlo. Ritzema and Kails were the pre- 
 ceptors of the only Conferentie student. In each case of licensure in this 
 country, special permission was required from the Classis of Amsterdam, 
 These applications also were sometimes refused. 
 
 But while the Coetus party was struggling for independent American 
 judicatories, and contemplating how to form regular educational institutions, 
 the opponents to their plans procured the insertion of a clause in the char- 
 ter of King's, (now Columbia) College, giving the Consistory of the Church 
 in New-York the right to appoint a Professor of Theology in that institu- 
 tion. Ritzema was then a director, and many of his friends wished him to 
 be appointed. His colleague at this time was De Ronde. The Classis of 
 Amsterdam also signified their assent to this plan of a professorship, and 
 encouraged it for several years. 
 
 In the mean time the Rev. Theodore Frelighuysen had been delegated to 
 ^^11' go to Holland by the Coetus party, to solicit funds to found an academy or 
 
 * Megapolensis, S. , Bertholf, Fryenmoet, four of the Frelinghuysens, Komeyn, T., Scliune- 
 man, Vrooman, Van Harlingen, and Livingston, who fitly terminated the custom. 
 
 t Licensed by the Coetus : Vanderlinde, Leydt, Verbyck, Goetschius, Barcolo, Harden- 
 bergh, Marinus. By the American Classis : Frelinshuysen, H., Van Nist, Du Bois, B., Eo- 
 meyn, D., and Schoonmakers, H. and. M. 
 
 t By the Conferentie : Lydekker. 
 
 nri 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 353 
 
 seminarj', in which should be taught both the arts and theology. They 
 wore encouraged to this step by the liberal aid which Schlatter had received 
 in Europe, to support the German churches. (Sciilattek.) Probably the 
 formal organization of the Confcrontie delayed his departure, but four ^xj?*- 
 years later he attempted to carry out the plans of Coctus. The following 
 was his commission : 
 
 OMNIBUS HAS LITERAS LECTURIS, SALUTEM IN DOMINO. 
 
 Quia expediens est, ad <iloriam Dei summi numinis, salutemque generis 
 humani conduccns, in illis Torrae finibus nupere inhabitatis, seminaria vera; 
 sophiae, demum sequsB doctrina) erigere, ut filiorum hominxuu sapientia 
 virtuto, infucataque pietate imbucrentur : Idea nos, pastores, et Presbyteri 
 Refonuatae Ecclesiae utriusque provincife, nempe Novo Eboraco, et Cesarien- 
 eis in America Boreali, pacto internos unitate foederis, in coetu congregati 
 concludimus in hisce temporibus criticis summa niti ope, in timore Dei, 
 Academiam, seminariumve plantare ad juventutem studiis destinatam in 
 Unguis doctis, artibus liberalibus, scientiisque philosopliicis instituendam 
 sitque schola Prophetarum in qua juveniles Levitae, et Nazarei Dei ad sacrum 
 ministeriale munus in ecclesia Dei obeundum preparentur. Enimvero dum 
 regio nostra adhuc nova est, et non tanto sere praedita est, quantum ad opus 
 praescriptum requiritur, ideo magnopere petimus ab omnibus bene dispositis, 
 imploramusque eos velint nobis argenti succurrere manu dando aliquid ad 
 promotionem magni, et maxime necessarii operia suscepti. Et nos delega- 
 mus, et auctoritate liisce Uteris munimus Reverendum Dominum Theodorujn 
 Frelingbuysen, Albaniensis ecclesiae Reformatae Pastorem fidelissimum, peti- 
 tionem nostram humillimam, ubicunque Providentia Dei viam pandet, pro- 
 . ferrc, rationos ponderosas huj us propositi plenius explicare, dona accipere, 
 et in omnibus sic agere ut illi utile, et necessarium videbitur ad promo- 
 tionem rei predictae, daturus fratribus unitate fsederatis de omnibus accura- 
 tam rationem. Oramus igitur, velit Deus OmnisuflBciens iter suum trans 
 Oceanum felix, et prosperum reddere, animos, et manus bene dispositorum 
 aperrire, et eorum dona nobis collata largiter remimerare in hoc, et in seculo 
 futiiro. Actum in c^etuali conventu nostro babito Neo Eboraco, dietrigesimo 
 mensis Mail, Anno Domini Nostri Millesimo, Septingentesimo, Quinqua- 
 gesimo quinto. 
 
 Ex nomine, et auctoritate totius Coetus, 
 
 Reinhardt Ekickzon, p. t. Praeses. 
 
 Johannes Leydt, p. t. Scriba. 
 
 Benjamin Metn^ma. 
 
 IlLPiANtrs Van Sinderen. 
 
 Johannes Henrictjs Goetschius. 
 
 J. C. Frtenmoet. 
 
 Samuel Ver Bryck. 
 
 David Marinus. 
 
 Bakent Vrooman. 
 
 Johannes Schuneman. 
 
 Thomas Romeyn. 
 fie sailed Oct. 10th, 1750, but he never returned, and his fate is un. 
 known. (Frelinghuysen, T.) 
 23 
 
354 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Eight years later, when Mr. J. H. Livingston was in Holland preparing 
 1767. for the ministry, he proposed to his friends in America that both the con- 
 tendinf parties should fix on some poor but sprightly boy and send him to 
 Holland, to be specially trained for a professor in the American churches, 
 (liberal friends in Holland promising to defray the expenses ;) and thus, 
 ultimately, perhaps the schism might be healed and the church<es here 
 supplied with a satisfactory ministry. 
 
 But soon after this he formed the acquaintance of Dr. Witherspoon, who 
 had been called from Great Britain to take the presidency of the college at 
 Princeton, and M'ho visited Holland before embarking for America. At- 
 tempts were now made to secure arrangements for the education of a min- 
 istry for the Reformed Church at the Princeton institutions, but, the party 
 leaders in America objecting to the proposition, the plan failed. 
 
 At length, when a union of the two parties was effected, one of the arti- 
 1771, cles of union expressly stipulated that one or more Professors of Theology 
 should be chosen from the Netherlands by the advice of the Classis. An- 
 other article, apparently added as an amendment, stipulates that such Pro- 
 fessor should have no connection with any English academies, but should 
 deliver lectures on theology, etc., in their own houses* This expression 
 was intended to destroy every thought of union, not only with the Prince- 
 ton institutions, but especially with King's or Queen'st College, as a Pro- 
 fessorship in either of these latter two would necessarily have had a parti- 
 san appearance. None of these institutions, not even Queen's, is 
 mentioned by name in the articles of union. Yet young men were only 
 to begin their theological studies upon the presentation of suitable testimo- 
 nials of a liberal education. 
 
 As Synod had no funds, no immediate steps were taken by it to call a 
 Professor. Some of the principal churches in the North yet standing 
 aloof from the union, it was feared that premature action might endanger 
 .the prospects of the theological endowment. The disturbed political con- 
 dition of the countrj"- also made it impossible to proceed, so that the Pro- 
 fessorship was not really established till the close of the Revolution. In 
 the mean time Synod advised students to study, at their own convenience, 
 with Drs. Livingston, Westerlo, Rysdyck, Hardenbergh, or Goetschius. 
 During this period only thirteen students were licensed, or passed into the 
 ministr3^J 
 
 But while the subject of the Professorship was thus pending, the trustees 
 
 * It was not contemplated that tliey should have a pastoral charge at the same time, hut a 
 fund was to be raised to support them. It was also enjomed that they should preach every 
 few weeks in the place of their residence, both for the relief of the minister, and to afford to 
 the student an example of a well-composed discourse. 
 
 t Queen's College could be called an English institution, because its records and all its busi- 
 ness must be carried on, by the terms of the charter, in the English language, and it was to 
 have an English department. 
 
 X Van Voorhees, Van Bunschooten, Goetschius, J. M., Van Nest, R., Froeligh, S., Goet- 
 schius, S.,DeWitt, P., Leydt, M., Lansing, N., Van Arsdale, S., Blauvelt, I., Duryee, J.,and 
 Romeyn, T. P. - 
 
r.Ti. 
 
 THE INSTITUTIONS. 355 
 
 of Queen's College sought to carry out the plans of the Coelus party, by 
 calling Rev. John Brown, of Haddington, England, to hccome their Profes- 
 sor of Divinity. lie, however, declined. Tiieir funds soon after this 
 reached the sum of £4000. They sub.sequently wrote to the Classis of 
 Amsterdam, and to the Theological Faculty at Utrecht, to recommend to 
 them a Professor of Theology, to be also President of their College, and a 
 member of the ecclesiastical judicatories in America. Synod now ventured 
 to indorse this action of the Trustees, (though trenching closely on the 
 articles of union.) virtually promising to accept their Professor, if their 
 plans should succeed. Synod also now wrote to the Chassis concerning 
 their action, at the same time promising the Trustees to help them in secur- 
 ing funds from the churches, but binding the Trustees, by the forfeiture of 
 their funds, to certain congregations to be named, that their Professor of 
 Divinity should belong to the Reformed Dutch Church, in fellowship with 
 the Church of the Netherlands. The Classis responded to theconnnunica- 
 tions of both Synod and the Trustees, asking for further information. 
 Probably this attempted union made them suspect the existence of party 
 spirit yet surviving. The Synod also betrays anxiety lest their conduct, 
 in ihe expressive language of their own minutes, should be overliauled. 
 The next year, however, the Classis, with the concurrence of the Theologi- 
 cal Faculty at Utrecht, recommended their last American student. Dr. 
 Livingston, as the Professor. But the battle of Lexington had already 
 been fought, and the subject was postponed. 
 
 UNENDOWED PUOFESSORSniPS. 
 
 At the close of the Revolution, the subject of the Professorship at once 
 occupied the attention of the churches. Dr. Livingston was in fovor of 
 having a Divinity Hall opened in New-Brunswick, because it was the most 
 central place, for all portions of the Reformed Church — the Dutch in New- 
 York and New-Jersey, and the Germans in Pennsylvania. The idea of a 
 Professorship in Columbia College he considered unwise; he would have 
 cordially indorsed a union with the Princeton institutions, but believed 
 that prejudices were too strong to effect it. He expressed the ardent wish 
 that all the churches of the Reformed Faith might be united in one grand 
 national body; he believed it to be practicable, and that it would ulti- 
 mately be accomplished. 
 
 But the Trustees of Queen's College now found themselves without funds. 
 They sought again the patronage of the church, but Synod felt inclined to 
 postpone the consideration of their proposals. The Legislature of New- York --0, 
 had just passed an act relative to the establishment of a University, and it 
 was thought best to wait for further developments. The church of 
 Schenectady solicited the establishment of a Seminary in that place, while 
 Ilackensack put in a similar plea, especially if the College should be remov- 
 ed from New-Brunswick. Synod also now believed that the Theological 
 Professorship would and ought to exist alone, without connection with any 
 
 17£3. 
 
356 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 College. Yet they felt under obligation, since the institution at New-Bruns- 
 wick had been partially received under their care, that it should have their 
 influence in reference to an endowment, and exhorted the Trustees to keep 
 it alive. They also encouraged the proposition from Schenectady, believing 
 that a college there would not conflict with the institution at New-Bruns- 
 wick, and appointed a committee to assist in its formation. But they re- 
 solved that their Theological Professor should reside in New-York, ajid re- 
 quested the Consistory of the Church in that city to make the best ar- 
 rangement possible with him. 
 
 In October, 1784, Dr. J. H. Livingston was chosen Professor of Theology, 
 and Dr. H. Meyer, pastor at Totowa and Pompton Plains, Professor of Lan- 
 guages. No student could be admitted to examination for licensure without 
 producing a certificate from Dr. Livingston, and for which, as a suitable 
 Tionorarium, he was to receive five pounds. The Church of New-York was 
 requested to relieve the Professor of part of his services, but this was done, 
 for the first, twelve years later. Dr. Livingston assumed his position on 
 the nineteenth day of May, 1785, by delivering a learned and elegant ad- 
 dress in Latin, on "The Truth of the Christian Religion," in the church in 
 Garden street. 
 
 But the expense of living in the city was too great for many of the stu- 
 dents, and some therefore continued to prosecute their studies under their 
 own pastors, or other ministers. This compelled Synod, in two years after 
 1786. the appointment of their Professor, to appoint a suitable Lector in Theology, 
 and all were exhorted to seek instruction from the Professor or the Lector. 
 Dr. Meyer, of Pompton Plains, was appointed also to this station. 
 
 In May, 1791, for the first. Synod took active measures to attempt to raise 
 a fund for the support of the Professor. He had as yet received only a few 
 7i07i07'aria, from students who were able to pay, and Synod had paid the 
 same for a few others.* It was therefore proposed that a subscription should 
 be circulated through the congregations, that the moneys should be paid 
 semi-annually in six installments, and should be deposited as a capital fund 
 in the Bank of New-York, or some National Bank, and that it' should be al- 
 lowed to accumulate till a sufficient fund were procured. Mr. Peter Wilson, 
 of New-York, was made the agent to receive the funds, and the Consistory of 
 the Church in New- York was made the trustees of the same. This action 
 Qpt alarmed the Trustees of Queen's College,and again they zealously urged their 
 l'*^^* institution on the attention of Synod, and secured a postponement of the 
 above action. They requested Synod to recommend to them some Profes- 
 sor of Theology, to be also President of their College, in agreement with the 
 expectations excited in 1773. A committee was appointed to confer with 
 them in reference to the best method of raising funds, but Synod declined 
 for the present to recommend a Theological Professor to them, till their in- 
 stitution was properly endowed. The next year two new Lectors in Theolo- 
 
 * Before the Professorate was established, each student, in general, paid five pounds for 
 his licensure, and the church receiving a licentiate paid fifteen pounds, to Synod. 
 
THE IXSTITUTIOXS. 357 
 
 gy were appointed for the convenience and economy of the students, name- ^'^■ 
 ly, Solomon Froeligh, at Ilackcnsack, and Dirck Romeyn, at Schenectady. 
 
 The next year Synod was greatly offended because the Trustees of Queen's 
 College had made propositions to the Trustees of the College at Princeton, 
 without consulting with Synod to unite with them. Synod therefore direct- 
 ed that any ministers having funds in hand for Queen's College, should re- 
 serve them till further directed, and all action for the endowment of a Theo- 
 logical Professor in that institution was for the present suspended. The 
 Classis of Ilackcnsack also now complained that the Synodical Professor- 
 ship had been constantl)- interfered with through the distraction occasioned 
 by the propositions of the Trustees, and that if a Professorship of Theology 
 ■were established in that institution, it would be only a subordinate oflice. 
 They urged Synod to establish a professorial school at once, and have a 
 Professor to devote his whole time to it alone. Synod agreed with the Clas- 
 sis of Ilackcnsack, and lamented that various advc;rse circumstances had 
 frustrated their plans from time to time. They therefore now determined 
 to renew; their efforts to endow an independent Theological Professorship, j^gg 
 which efforts had been suspended for two years and a half, in behalf of the 
 Trustees of Queen's College. 
 
 At the first meeting of the newly constituted General Synod, in June, 
 1794, a committee was appointed to report during the session on this sub- 
 ject. Revs. D. Romeyn, S. Froeligh, and E. Van Bunschoten were the 
 committee, with three elders. They reported that no union could be effect- 
 ed with Queen's College as long as it was situated at New-Brunswick, that 
 it ought to be removed to Bergen or Hackensack, and a committee was ap- 
 pointed to confer with the Trustees on this subject. But at the same time 
 they reported that the Divinity School could not flourish in New- York, on 
 account of the price of living ; that its continuance there prevented the col- 
 lection of a fund ; that the Professor ought to remove to Flatbush, where a 
 classical academy alreadA' existed, or to some other convenient place. The 
 Consistory of the Church in New-York were again asked to relieve the Pro- 
 fessor of some of his duties, and to make a just and equitable arrangement 
 with him. Synod also promised to urge on the matter of the fund as fust as 
 possible. They now requested Peter Wilson, John Vanderbilt, Robert 
 Benson, and Richard Varick to become the trustees of said fund, instead of 
 the New-York Consistory, the Synod having no corporate existence. The}', 
 moreover, now permitted the moneys which had been collected for 
 Queen's College to be paid over to the Trustees, as all thought of coalition 
 with Princeton College was abandoned. If the Trustees should become will- 
 ing to move the location of their college within three months, the commit- 
 tee appointed to confer with them were empowered to call an e.xtra meeting 
 of Synod. A copy of the action of 1794- was sent to every church. 
 
 Owing,probably,to difficulties in making the necessary arrangements with 
 his consistory, Prof. Livingston did not remove to Flatbush till the spring of 
 1796, relinquishing half of his services, and half of his salary in the city, and 
 receiving nothing in return. He spent four days at Flatbush every week, 
 
358 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 preaching in the city each Sabbath. The number of his students at once 
 doubled. Every thing appeared to be encouraging. 
 
 But in October, 1796, the Professor sent a desponding letter to the Par- 
 ticular Synod, owing to the apparent lack of earnest efforts to endow the 
 Professorship. He reviews the history, stating that our churches in 
 America, as in Europe, felt the importance of an educated ministry, that 
 they were the first which contemplated a Theological Institution, and that 
 with perseverance they might now have had a respectable establishment. 
 Other churches were waiting to see our success. The principal article of 
 union in 1771 was the establishment of a Theological Professorship, which 
 they had promised the mother church, as one of the terms of independence, 
 should be at once attended to. The plan had been maturely organized in 
 1789, and Synod solemnly pledged to support the institution. It was be- 
 lieved the establishment ought to exist without connection with any college; 
 and constant action, though in vain, had been taken concerning its endow- 
 •ment. He stated that, from a sense of duty, he had now, at the request 
 of Synod, for twelve years, added these cares to his pastoral labors, even 
 to the injury of his health, in hopes of a respectable result. He had left 
 the city, at the price of half his salary, to please the Synod. But the Par- 
 ticular Synod of May, 1796, to which he had reported his removal, had not 
 even passed an approving resolution, much less had taken any decisive 
 steps to carry into effect the action of General Synod of 1794. Tie Pro- 
 fessorate had therefore been forsaken, and received no countenance from 
 Synod. He feared that the church now did not honestly intend to have 
 any such institution, whatever had been the intention in 1771. He declared 
 his great anxiety on this matter, for no personal reasons, but for the good 
 of the church, and that he as an individual could not struggle much longer 
 alone amid all the discouragements which arise from public neglect. He 
 declared his convictions that, as long as he by his private exertions con- 
 tinued thus to supply the necessities of the church, no results would be 
 accomplished ; that the institution could not long live under present 
 arrangements, and therefore he thought that if this Sj'nod deemed it 
 improper to do any thing, it were better for him to discontinue his 
 lectures. 
 
 Such a proposition alarmed Synod, and they resolved at once to carry 
 out the propositions of 1794. They ordered a subscription paper to be 
 printed, accompanied by a circular letter, to be sent to every church, 
 while they earnestly requested the Professor to continue his labors. 
 
 But the policy of Synod now proved to be wavering. The next June 
 jrjg,. they unexpectedly and strangely determined that it was not expedient to 
 press these matters at present. Financial difficulties, growing out of the 
 revolutions in Europe, may have been the cause. They therefore thanked 
 the Professor for his gratuitous services, and declared that it would be 
 highly acceptable if, under all these discouragements, he would continue 
 to discharge the duties of his office. And as it was exceedingly inconve- 
 nient for all students to get the certificate of the one Professor, and as dif- 
 
THE IXSTITUTIONS. 
 
 n59 
 
 fcrent localities would become interested by a Professor residmg in them 
 Synod now nu.dc the Lectors of 1792, (Drs. Froeligh and Romeyn,) fa 1 
 Professors The Professors were requested to accept of £10 from each 
 student or, where the student could not pay, Synod would do it for them. 
 Dr Livingston accordingly relinquished his school at Flatbush, and return- 
 ed to the>ull duties of his parochial charge, teaching meantime as before. 
 
 In May 1709, the Particular Synod, forgetting, apparently, that its 
 powers were not as great as before the constitution of General Synod, to 
 which body alone, by the Constitution of 1792, appertained the appoint- 
 ment of Professors— the Particular Synod appointed Drs. Froeligh, IJassett, 
 and G. A. Kuypcrs teachers in the Hebrew language. 
 
 In 1800, a committee of one minister and one elder from each Classis 
 was appointed to collect all the acts on this subject, and report what mea- 
 sures were necessary to render the Professorship respectable and useful. 
 It was now proposed that the sum of two shillings be laid on every church- 
 member annually for six years, and that collectors be appointed and receive 
 five per cent for their trouble, and that the questor of Synod take charge 
 
 of the funds. 
 
 But experience soon decided that the action of 1797 was bad. The good 
 effects anticipated did not appear. It was therefore determined to bring 
 back the institution to its primitive state. It was now declared tliat the ^goi. 
 election of the two additional Professors in 1797 was a mere temporary ex- 
 pedient to meet certain circumstances which then existed, and that these 
 Professors should continue to possess the honors and emoluments of their 
 offices during their lives or good behavior, but should have no successors ; 
 that the advantages of an education in a city like New-York outweighed 
 all other considerations, dnd therefore that the city was the most eligible 
 place in which to establish a Theological School. The Consistory of the 
 Church of Xcw-York also reminded Synod that by the charter of Columbia 
 College, they had a right to appoint a Theological Professor in that institu- 
 tion, and that thus, support, honor, and permanency might be afforded the 
 Professor, and the establishment put on a solid foundation. Dr. Living- 
 ston, accordingly, was now elected the one permanent Professor of the Gene- 
 ral Synod.* Thus, it was thought, the professorial endowment would be 
 the sooner realized. The Consistory of the Church of New-York was again 
 appointed as the trustee of the funds which might be raised, but Synod 
 declined to blend their Theological Professorate with any establishment not 
 derived from the immediate authority of the Netherlands Reformed Church- 
 es. Two Professors of Hebrew were also now appointed, namely : Revs. 
 John Bassett and Jeremiah Romeyn. Students desiring to be examined 
 by Classis for hcensure, must also have a certificate of lingual attainments 
 signed by one of these. The Professors of Hebrew appointed by the Par- 
 ticular Synod in 1799 were now disallowed, by the refusal of the Synod to 
 permit their certificates to be honored. 
 
 * He had held Ms office before, under the election of the old provisional synod, before the 
 General Synod was constituted. 
 
360 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 In 1806 three ministers were elected from each Classis, to obtain sub- 
 scriptions and collect moneys for the permanent professorial fund. But 
 every expedient seemed to be unavailing. The resolutions and plans of 
 the Synod seemed to be futile. The uncertainty of location seemed to de- 
 stroy every effort. The prospects grew faint and dubious. The most 
 sanguine friends of the Professorate were ready to despair concerning it. 
 
 But at this juncture, after thirteen years' interruption, the Trustees of 
 1807. Queen's College made a proposition which prepared the way for the ultimate 
 success of the Theological Professorship. They were now excited to revive 
 their College, and to make it especially subservient to the Professorate of 
 Theology— in short, to unite this Professorate and the College. The Trustees, 
 for some reason, applied first to the Particular Synod of New-York, which 
 approved and recommended the plan, providing that all the moneys raised 
 in the State of New- York should be applied to the endowment of a Theo- 
 logical Professorship. General Synod sanctioned the revival of the College 
 and the union proposed. 
 
 A covenant wa sthen drawn up between the parties, in which the Trus- 
 tees promised to combine the literary interests of the College with a decided 
 support to evangelical truth, and the promotion of an able and faithful 
 ministry in the Dutch Church ; that the funds raised in New-York should 
 be appropriated to the support of a Theological Professorship in the College, 
 and to the assistance of poor and pious young men pi-eparing for the min- 
 istry; that the Trustees should hold the funds for the Theological Professor- 
 ship, and should call the Professor elected by Synod as soon as their funds 
 would allow ; that a permanent Board of Superintendents be appointed by 
 the Synod, to superintend the Theological Institution, to aid the Professor 
 in arranging the course of instruction, to attend fhe examination of students 
 in theology, and to be known by the name of "The Superintendents of the 
 Theological Institution in Queen's College ;" that the Synod provide money 
 for a library ; and both parties were to unite in erecting the necessary 
 buildings — money, even, if needed for this purpose, to be taken from the 
 professorial fund. 
 
 Synod now enjoined collections to be taken up in all their churches in 
 the State of New-York, to help in the erection of the necessary buildings. 
 It was resolved that the Board of Superintendents consist of nine mem- 
 bers, three to be taken from each Particular Synod, and three from the 
 clerical members of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 The efforts to collect funds by the Trustees were crowned with unex- 
 pected success. The Church of New- York at once gave $10,000, and the 
 Church of Harlem, $400. 
 Aug. In less than a year, the Trustees called Dr. Livingston, as their Pro- 
 fessor of Theology, according to the covenant, offering him $750, and $250 
 additional as President of the College. He at first declined the latter office, 
 but ultimately accepted, a Vice-President being appointed to take the burden 
 of the duties. He did not immediately remove to New-Brunswick, but waited 
 till the churches under his care should be somewhat provided for, and also 
 
 1808. 
 
Mar. 
 
 TlIK INSTITUTIONS. 361 
 
 lest his removal might retard the increase of the professorial fand. In 
 February, 1810, the Trustees offered him $050, additional. He now, after 
 a pastorship of forty years, and a Professorship, without compensation, of JJJJ 
 twenty-six, in the city, at the age of sixty-four, broke all the ties he had 
 there formed, and removed to New-Brunswick. lie had given his professo- 
 rial certiHcatc, up to this time, to about ninety students. By his re- 
 moval he sacrificed a salary of ^'2500 in his pastoral charge. He cast him- 
 self, in faith, upon the churches, trusting that they would provide the ne. 
 cessary support. In December of the same year, considering the great sacri- 
 fices he hadjnade, the Trustees increased his salary to §1700, allowing 
 also $300 for house-rent, promising that if there were any deficiency, it 
 should be made up as soon as funds permitted. Two years after this, when 
 his receipts from the Trustees had only amounted to $1200, he generously 
 renounced all charges for the balance against them. The Trustees had been 
 embarrassed in their operations by a money crisis in the country. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW-BRUNSWICK. 
 
 Dr. Livingston opened the Seminary in October, 1810, with five students, 
 of whom the venerable Dr. De Witt, of New-York, alone survives. But a few 
 days before he left New-York, he wrote a letter to his venerable brother in 
 the ministry, Rev. Elias Van Bunschooten, suggesting the propriety of his 
 devoting a portion of his property to the benefit of the Theological Insti- 
 tution.* The effort was not in vain, but resulted in the endowing of 
 the Trustees in the sum of $14,050, which was increased by his will to 
 $17,000. The income of this fund was to be appropriated to the support 
 " of pious youth, who hope they have a call of God to preach the Gospel of 
 Jesus Christ." It at present exceeds $20,000, and has been the means of 
 educating about one hundred and twenty-five young men for the ministry. 
 
 In 1812, Dr. Livingston sent in his first report to Synod, in which 
 he briclly reviewed the facts, and stated the present condition of the Semi- 
 nary, urging the necessity of prompt and vigorous action respecting the 
 endowment. At the same time the Board of Superintendents was fully 
 organized by the adoption of a detailed plan respecting the government of 
 the Theological School. Synod was to have complete control of it in every 
 particular, appointing its Superintendents trienniall}', choosing three from 
 each of the Particular Synods, and three from the cl-erical members of the 
 Board of Trustees. These were to superintend the examinations for pro- 
 fessorial certificates, and have complete control over the students. Three 
 Professors, however, were declared to be necessary, before the institution 
 should be regarded as completely organized, each of whom should then 
 deliver three lectures a week. A sermon was to be exhibited each week by 
 one of the students, on a topic assigned him ; the course of study was to be 
 three years. Each student was to be taught natural, didactic, polemic, and 
 practical theology ; biblical criticism ; chronology and ecclesiastical history ; 
 
 * This letter is printed in Livingstones Life, and in New-Brunswick Review. 
 
1813. 
 
 362 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 the form and administration of church government, and pastoral duties; 
 and to be able to read the Scriptures fluently in the original languages. At 
 the end of three years they were to submit to an examination for a pro- 
 fessorial certificate, upon which testimonial they were to be admitted to 
 examination for hcensure before their respective classes. 
 
 Dr. Bassett now resigned his position as Professor of Hebrew, and Rev. 
 J. M. Van Harlingen, of Millstone, was appointed in his place. 
 
 From this time the Board of Superintendents has regularly met, and has 
 examined more than five hundred students. 
 
 Fears were entertained for the welfare of the Seminary on account of 
 the waning of the College, about this time. The Trustees continued to be 
 embarrassed. The erection of the building had involved them in debt. 
 Synod appropriated $3000 of the Theological fund, to aid in defraying the 
 expenses of the building. In 1815 the plan of a Theological College was pro- 
 posed by Dr. Livingston, having for its object, jirimai'ily, the education of 
 young men for the ministry. Others, preparing for other professions, 
 might be admitted sjyeciaJi gratia, to a limited number. Its corps of teach- 
 ers should consist of a Professor of Theology, of Biblical Criticism, and of 
 Ecclesiastical History, to be appointed by the Synod, and a Professor of 
 Mathematics, to be appointed by the Trustees; the Theological Professors 
 were also to perform duties in the College, according to the appointment of 
 the Trustees ; the two funds were to be blended in one, and Synod was to 
 pay half the salaries of their Professors. The plan was adopted in October, 
 1815, but the Trustees, being embarrassed in their operations, were not en- 
 abled to carry it out till after ten years. About this time also the German 
 Eeformed Church made propositions, informally, in reference to the estab- 
 lishment of a common theological institution for the two denominations. 
 It was, perhaps, owing partly to the complicated relations of our own Semi- 
 nary that this plan could not now be entertained. Dr. Livingston, how- 
 ever, at his own expense, published an address to the German Reformed 
 Churches in the United States, replete with valuable information and coun- 
 sel, urging them to establish a theological seminary for themselves. 
 
 The propriety of removing the Seminary to New-York, or even to Schenec- 
 tady, was now seriously discussed, and Dr. Livingston even favored it for 
 a time. But the Trustees who held the funds would not consent to it. 
 
 In 1814, the Board of Superintendents suggested forcibly to Synod the 
 necessity of another Professor. To this end the Church of Albany offered to 
 contribute annually $750, and the Church of New-Brunswick $200, for a 
 term of six years. Synod accordingly, and to the great relief of the now aged 
 Livingston, the next year, elected Rev. John Schureman Professor of Pastoral 
 Theology and Ecclesiastical History. After his death, in 1818, the second 
 Professorship embraced the departments of Oriental Literature and Ecclesias- 
 tical History. Rev. Thomas De Witt having declined an appointment to 
 this position. Rev. John Ludlow was chosen, who continued in this depart- 
 ment for five years, when Rev. John De Witt was chosen his successor. 
 
 The further endowment of the institution now weighed heavily on Dr. 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. oG3 
 
 Livingston's miiul. lie felt that unless spcedj' measures were taken for this 
 end, the institution must die. In 1822, subscriptions were started. Dr. Liv- 
 ingston heading them with $500, and nearly $27,000 were subscribed within 
 a year, in the Particular Synod of New-York. 
 
 The Particular Synod of Albany now made efforts to endow a Third Pro- 
 fessorship. Dr. L. saw this enterprise in its inception, but did not live to 
 see it completed. He however lived long enough to see that success was 
 certain, and that the institution for whicli he had sacrificed so much, during 
 forty )'ear3^was established on a firm foundation. Different Professors in 
 different parts of the church had been appointed, for the convenience of stu- 
 dents, and Dr. Livingston had had an assistant most of the time in New-Bruns- 
 wick ; but it was only after his death, though in the same j^car, that the Theo- 
 logical Institution was fully organized by the full complement of Professors — 
 De Witt, Milledoler, and Schurcman. The Particular Synod of Albanj"- by 
 the fall of 1825 had subscribed about $27,000 also, for the endowment of 
 the Third Professorship. It was several years before these moneys were 
 paid in, (some of the subscriptions indeed were lost,) but in the mean time, 
 the Church of New-York, for several years, gave $1750 per annum, and 
 other churches or friends assisted in meeting the deficiency. Synod now 
 purchased the College building in payment of the obligations of the Trus- 
 tees to them. The Trustees had saved the Professorate in 1807 by taking 
 it under their care, and the Synod now saved the College from extinction 
 by a similar kindness. The plan proposed in 1815 was substantially revived. 
 The Theological Professors became Professors also in the College, and thus 
 that institution, under the name of Rutgers, was reopened. (Rutoeks 
 College.) 
 
 In 1824, the first change was made in reference to the appointment of the 
 Board of Superintendents. Henceforth two from each Classis were to be 
 appointed, to constitute this Board, except from the Classis of New-York, 
 which was to have four members — all to be appointed by Synod. Ten 
 years later, the Classes were permitted to nominate, and Synod confirmed 
 them. In 1838, the plan was again changed, limiting the number to one 
 from each Classis, and only one third of that number were to be elected 
 each year, to prevent an entire change at once in the Board. The next 
 year, however, Synod resumed its right of appointing the whole Board 
 itself; but in 1841, the plan of 1838 was again adopted. In 1848, at an 
 extra session of Synod, the plan was entirely changed, so that eight .should 
 constitute the Board, an equal number to come from each Particular Synod ; 
 but this action was rescinded the next June, and the former plan resumed, 
 and thus has since remained. 
 
 Death almost immediately invaded the Professorship, as Dr. AYoodhull 
 died within a year of his appointment, and Dr. James S. Cannon was elected 
 in his place. 
 
 In 1828, the old professorial fund, which had been the cause of much 
 misunderstanding, was transferred to General Synod, and the same year 
 a Board of Education was estabhshed, and to which, having been rcmo- 
 
364 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 (Jelled in 1831, were committed all the educational interests of the church, 
 as well as the immediate care of the beneficiaries. (Board of Education.) 
 In 1832, Dr. De Witt having died, Dr. Alexander McClelland took the 
 chair of Biblical Literature. Three years later the Theological Professors 
 were organized into a Faculty, to hold monthly meetings, and exercise a 
 general supervision over the students. 
 
 In 1841, the students complained of the requirement to commit MarFs 
 Medulla, which led to the adoption of a new plan for the Didactic Professor, 
 namely, to deliver lectures on theology. This action, however, led to the 
 resignation of Dr. Milledoler. Rev. Samuel A. Van Vranken was elected 
 to his place. The Theological Professor was now relieved from the Presi- 
 dency of the College. 
 
 In 1851, Dr. William H. Campbell succeeded Dr. McClelland in the 
 department of Biblical Literature, and the next year Dr. John Ludlow 
 succeeded Dr. Cannon, who had been stricken down by disease, and de- 
 clared to be Emeritus Professor. He, however, died in the same year. 
 
 The want of a theological hall separate from the college building began 
 now to be seriously felt. Several young men were known to have gone 
 elsewhere to study, on account of the high price of board in New-Bruns- 
 wick. Elsewhere they could board in commons. The students drew up 
 a memorial, stating their difficulties and their wants, and which paper 
 passed through the hands of the Faculty to the Board of Superintendents. 
 The Board took immediate action on it, and their efforts were crowned with 
 complete success. At the personal solicitation of Dr. Ludlow, Mrs. Anna 
 Hertzog, of Philadelphia, donated $30,000 for its erection, with the condi- 
 tion that it should be called " The Peter Hertzog Theological Hall." Col. 
 James Neilson then gave a lot of ground, valued at $14,000 ; Mr. David 
 Bishop gave an adjoining lot, valued at $1200 ; Mr. Charles P. Dayton 
 gave an adjoining lot ; and $2000 were given by Messrs. Francis and 
 Wessel Wessells, of Paramus, N. J., to purchase still additional land, to 
 make the rectangle complete. The building was speedily erected, and in 
 it are dormitories, refectory, lecture-rooms, chapel, and library. 
 
 The next year. Dr. Ludlow, after a protracted illness, was called away, 
 and Dr. Samuel M. Woodbridge was elected in his place. Synod also engaged 
 Dr. G. W. Bethune for one year, to give a course of lectures on Pulpit 
 lf-56. Eloquence, to the students. On the 1st day of January, 1861, Dr. Van 
 Vranken died, and Dr. Joseph F. Berg was elected in his place. Two 
 years later, Dr. John De Witt was chosen to the chair of Biblical Litera- 
 ture, made vacant by the resignation of Dr. Campbell. About this time, 
 also, the Theological Professors were relieved of further duties in the Col- 
 lege. In 1864 the Synod transferred the college property back to the 
 Trustees, and the next year the covenants of 1807 and 1825 were finally 
 annulled. The money thus accruing was devoted to the erection of the 
 beautiful professorial residences then in course of erection. The same 
 year, a Fourth Professorship, namely, of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral 
 Theology, which had been suggested and desired for many years, was, by 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 365 
 
 a very general subscription through the churches, secured, and Dr. David 
 D. Demarcst was elected to tliis position. The Hertzog Theological Hall, 
 and three of the four contemplated professorial residences, now stand in a 
 beautiful plot of seven acres, overlooking the great higliway between the 
 metropolis and the capital of the nation. The professorial endowment now 
 reaches the sum of $134,000. But it will readily be seen that this amount 
 is very inadequate for an endowment of the Institution in times so different 
 from those which existed at its first establishment and early development. 
 A ver}' large amount of money is still needed to carry out the plans de- 
 manded for thorough theological education at the present da}'. The friends 
 of the church can do her no better service than by providing generously 
 for this institution. By direction of the General Synod, an eflbrt is now 
 making for adding largely to the endowment, and which is meeting with 
 gratifying success. 
 
 Professors. 
 Rev. John H. Lfvingsto?;, D.D., 
 Professor of Didactic Theology, etc., 1784-1 825. At New-Tork or on Long 
 Island, 1784-1810. At New-Brunswick, 1810-25. 
 
 Eev. HERMANtrs Meter, D.D., 
 Professor of Languages at Pompton Plains, 1784^91. 
 Lector in Theology " " 1786-91. 
 
 Eev. Solomon Feoeligh, D.D., 
 
 Lector in Theology at Hackensack, 1792-7. 
 
 Professor of Didactic Theology at Hackensack, 1797-1823. 
 Rev. DiRCK ROMETis, D.D., 
 
 Lector in Theology at Schenectady, 1792-7. 
 
 Professor of Didactic Theology at Schenectady, 1797-1804. 
 Eev. John Bassett, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Languages at Bogbt, (Schoharie Co., N. T.,) 1804-12. 
 Rev. Jeremiah Romeyn, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Languages at Linlithgo, 1804-6. 
 Eev. John M. V.vn Harlingen, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Languages and Ecclesiastical History at Millstone, 1812-13. 
 Eev. John Schihreman, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Pastoral Theology at New-Bruns- 
 wick, 1815-18. 
 Rev. James S. Cannon, D.D., pro Urn., 
 
 Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Pastoral Theology, 1818-19. 
 Rev. John S. Mabon, D.D., pro tern., 
 
 Professor of Languages, 1818-19. 
 Rev. John Ludlow, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Biblical Literature and Ecclesiastical History, 1819-23. 
 Eev. John De Witt, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Biblical Literature and Ecclesiastical BUstory, 1823-31 
 
366 THE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Rev. PHIXIP MrLLEDOLER, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology, 1825^1. 
 ■Rev. Selah S. Woodhull, D.D., 
 Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Churcli Government, and Pastoral The- 
 ology, 1825-6. 
 Rev. J.vjsiES S. Cannon, D.D., 
 Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Church Government, and Pastoral The- 
 ology, 1826-52. 
 Rev. Alexander McClelland, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Biblical Literature, 1832-51. 
 Rev. Samuel A. Van Vranken, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology, 1841-61. 
 Rev. William H. Campbell, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Biblical Literature, 1851-63. 
 Rev. John Ludlow, D.D., 
 Professor of Pastoral Theology, Ecclesiastical History, and Church Gov- 
 ernment, 1852-7. 
 Rev. Samuel M. Woodbridge, D.D., 
 Professor of Pastoral Theology, Ecclesiastical History, and Church Gov- 
 ernment, 1857- 
 Rev. Joseph P. Berg, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology, 1861- 
 Rev. John De Witt, D.D., 
 
 Professor of Biblical Literature, 1863- 
 Rev. David D. Demarest, D.D., 
 Professor of Pastoral Theology and Sacred Rhetoric, 1865- 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT HOLLAND, MICH. 
 
 In 1S66, the first graduating class of Hope College was permitted by the 
 General Synod to begui their theological studies, under the Professors 
 ah'eady officiating in the College. Synod also appointed a special com- 
 mittee to be present the next year at their examination in their theological 
 studies, and who reported to Synod at their session in Geneva in 1867. 
 Hereupon Synod appointed Rev. Dr. Crispell, Professor of Theology, and 
 invited the other Professors in Hope College to act as Theological Lectors. 
 The members of the Board of Superintendents of the Theological Seminary 
 at New-Brunswick, belonging to the Particular Synod of Chicago, were 
 appointed as the Board of Superintendents of this new institution, and a 
 goodly number of students are already in attendance. It is now known 
 as " The Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church at Holland, 
 Michigan." 
 
THE INSTITUTIONS. 367 
 
 Profesnor. 
 Rev. CoBNELrus E. Crispell, D.D., 
 Professor of Didactic and Polemic Tlieologry, 1867 — 
 
 Lectors. 
 Rev. Charles Scott, 
 
 Lector in Church History, 1867 — 
 Rev. TnEODOKio Rometn Beck, 
 
 Lector in Biblical Criticism and Philology, 1SC7 — 
 Rev. Petek J. Oggel, 
 
 Lector in Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology, 1867 — 
 Rev. Philip Phelps, D.D., 
 
 Lector in Exegetlcal Theology, 1867 — 
 
THE BOARDS. 
 
 DOMESTIC MISSIONS. 
 
 FIRST PKUIOD. 178G-180G. 
 
 Untii, the independence of the American Reformed churches in 1772 
 they were themselves missionary ground. At the close of the Revolution 
 the list of Dr. Livingston shows eighty-five churches, thirty-two minis- 
 ters, serving fifty-three of these churches, and two licentiates. But of 
 these ministers, several were old, and soon laid aside, while not a few new 
 settlements of families of the Reformed Faith were springing up, presenting 
 favorable opportunities for church extension. In 178G, the old Synod 
 took the first action on the subject, appointing Messrs. Westerlo, D. Ro- 
 meyn, H. Schoonmaker, and II. Meyer a committee to devise some plan for 
 sending the Gospel to the destitute localities, and to report to the next 
 Synod. This action was induced by a request from the inhabitants of 
 . Saratoga to be furnished with the preaching of the Word. The Classis of 
 Albany was requested to attend to their wants, in the mean time, by occa- 
 sional supplies. Plans were presented the next year, but the subject 
 postponed, and Dr. Ilardenbergh added to the committee. They finally 
 recommended that voluntary collections be taken up in all the congrega- 
 tions, as manifestations of their love, to aid in the extension of the church. 
 This was the first effort of the kind in our churches. The moneys so col- 
 lected were to be laid on the tables of the Classes, and through them 
 transferred to the Synod. With these means, ministers and licentiates 
 were enabled to visit destitute localities on short tours, and preach the 
 Gospel, and organize churches. Each Classis was also speciall}- directed 
 to look after the destitute fields within their own bounds. In 1791, 
 appeals came from Hardy Co., at the head-waters of Hie Potomac, in West- 
 Virginia, asking for help. Tlicy were supplied through the ordination of a 
 Christian physician residing there, (Jennings.) The subject of church ex- 
 tension is found inserted, as an item in the regular business of each Classi.s, 
 as early as 1790, and moneys began to come into Synod's hands for this 
 cause. A classis at this time would collect from ten to twent3'-five pounds 
 annually. Synod could now begin to act. A committee was appointed tO' 
 find persons willing to undertake the tours proposed, while the Classis of 
 Albany was requested still to take special charge of the needy in their vi- 
 cinity. The next year, Synod made the Deputaii Synodi, a committee oa 
 24 
 
1794. 
 
 370 THE BOARDS. 
 
 church extension, to take entire charge of the matter, and report to 
 Synod; but with the constitution of the General Synod, two years later, 
 their duties in this office seem to have ceased. Appeals also came from 
 the distant Kentucky, and from the Susquehanna. In 1792, Andrew 
 Gra}', of Poughkeepsie, undertook a tour to the latter region, spending six 
 weeks, while his pulpit was supplied by Synod. Two years later the 
 brethren Cornelison and S. Ostrander consented to make similar tours, 
 the former going up the Delaware as far as the Great Bend, and thence 
 across to the Susquehannah, and down the same to Wyoming, spending 
 eight weeks ; while the latter proceeded from Catskill to Jericho, at the 
 Unadilla, and thence to Schenenas, Cherry Valley, and the Onondaga, for 
 the same length of time. Mr. Cornelison established the first church in 
 our domestic missionary efforts, at Tioga, under the name of the Church 
 'of Union, in the Chenango valley, near Binghamton, (1794.) 
 
 In 1796, the people of Salt River, Mercer Co., K3^, forwarded a call to 
 the Classis of New-Brunswick, earnestly requesting them to fill it. They 
 had now been crying for help for six years in vain. Peter Labagh, a stu 
 dent of Froeligh, offered to visit this field, provided he could be ordained 
 as a missionary before going. Synod consented, and the Classis of Hack- 
 ensack, to which he belonged, put the call in his hands. Furnished with 
 £30, he started. He organized a church of one hundred families at Salt 
 River, but on account of their distance, their unsettled state, and the im- 
 ■probability of his denomination extending in that remote locality, he re- 
 turned their call. About the same time, George BrinkerhoflF undertook a 
 mission to the Genesee country, spending eight weeks. The Classis of 
 Albany urged again on Synod the duty of devising some effectual way to 
 meet the many prayers which were made for the bread of life. Synod, 
 however, only postponed the further consideration of their request. In 
 1797, John Duryee and Peter Stryker, and in 1798, Jacob Sickles and 
 Samuel Smith, undertook similar missions to those already mentioned, but 
 the particulars, with the minutes of 1797, are lost. At the close of the 
 century all the Classes were forwarding money, (most of the churches con- 
 tributing,) except the Classis of Kingston, for the cause of church 
 •extension. 
 
 In the mean time, the Classis of Albany became especially prominent for 
 its zeal in this cause. In 1798, they employed Robert McDowell, one of 
 their ministers, as their missionary to Canada, who, in a short time, organ- 
 ized six large churches, embracing more than four hundred families, along 
 the St. Lawrence and the northern shores of Ontario. The people there 
 seemed hungry for the bread of life. In 1800, he permanently settled over 
 three of these churches. (McDowell.) Six other missionaries were also 
 employed by them, drawing their expenses from the funds of Synod. Sy- 
 nod, in the year 1800, formally appointed the Classis of Albany to take 
 charge of all the missionary operations in the North. {M. G. 8. i. 307, an 
 interesting report.) With the increase of churches, several new classes 
 were organized at the opening of the present century. The Classis of 
 
THE BOAIIDS. 371 
 
 ITackensack was divided into those of Bergen and Paramus ; the Classis of 
 Kingston into those of Ulster and Poiighkcepsic ; the Classis of Albany 
 into those of Rensselaer, xVlbany, and Montgomery ; which, together with 
 the Classes of New-York and New-Brunswick, made nine in number, in the 
 year 1800. 
 
 But the cause somewhat languished after this for want of men. The 
 means furnished, also, were small. Yet, in ISO-t, the Hrst legacy for any of 
 the benevolent operations of the church was left, by a Christian lady, 
 Sarah I)e Pcystcr. Upon inquiry. Synod informed her executors that the 
 Classis of Albany was their society for receiving such funds. 
 
 But for eight j-ears, now, Canada had been the sole field of operations 
 The Classis of New-Brunswick complained that there were destitute places 
 within their bounds which ought to participate in the funds. Their church- 
 es in Sussex Co., N. J., were too far off for the unaided efforts of the min- 
 isters. In 1806, therefore, the Particular Synod of New-York requested 
 General Synod to resume the immediate management of all the missionary 
 operations of the church which had been confided to the Classis of Albany 
 This was done. Thus ends the first period of twenty years of the mis- 
 sionary oi)erations of the Reformed Church. 
 
 SECOND PERIOD. 180G-1822. 
 
 Synod now appointed a special committee of four ministers and tour 
 elders, with plenary powers, to whom should be confided all her missionary 
 operations. They were located in Albany till 1819, when, with the final 
 abandonment of the Canadian missions, they were directed henceforth to 
 locate in New-York. They received all the missionary documents from the 
 Classis of Albany, and the members of the committee held their appoint- 
 ment during the pleasure of Synod. They were known as the " Standing 
 Committee of Missions for the Reformed Dutch Church in America." 
 
 This standing committee commenced their operation on the old plan — 
 short tours by settled pastors. But these reported the unsatisfactorincss of 
 such efforts. Messrs. Bork, C. Ten Eyck, and P. D. Froeligh, in 180G, went 
 west from Albany one hundred and fifty miles, thence to Lake Ontario, 
 and down the St. Lawrence to Ogdensburgh, and up the same river on the 
 Canada side, and along the lake, all the way round to Niagara, and thence 
 home, visiting many settlements, and organizing five new churches in 
 Canada. Three ^--ears later, Messrs. Sickles and IL Ostrander traversed 
 the same ground, the parties having spent about three months each time. 
 They found the state of religion very low, though they were treated with 
 civility and kindness. Settled ministers were wanted. The next year, 
 (1810,) John Beattie went over the same route and organized an additional 
 church at York, in Canada, spending nearly five months. From that time 
 till the close of the war with Great Britain, only one laborer visited that 
 region, namelj', John Duryee. In 1817, John F. Schermerhorn and Jacob 
 Van Vechten, and in 1818-19, Cornelius Bogardus, again visited those 
 
3'72 THE BOARDS. 
 
 churches, and a Presbyterian licentiate, Mr. Allen, was also emploj^ed by 
 the committee. During all this time, (1798-1819,) Mr. McDowell had been 
 faithfully laboring in his own charges in Canada. There were yet eleven 
 of those mission churches existing. They earnestly sought for two more 
 ministers to settle there and organize a Classis, but they could not be 
 found, or hopes excited were disappointed. 
 
 But the church was becoming disheartened by the distance, and the 
 want of men and means. Their missionary funds had not exceeded yet 
 $400 per year. Complaints were heard from many quarters. There were 
 many calls from churches in the Union, and nearer home. By resolution, 
 the field had been limited to Canada and the routes thither. In 1815, 
 Synod permitted operations elsewhere in the States. A mission to Deer 
 Park, (Port Jervis,) by C. C. Eltinge, in 1816, resulted in his settlement 
 there, where he continued for twenty-seven years. 
 
 With the transfer of the committee to New-York, the Canadian churches 
 were quietly abandoned. One minister in each Classis was now written to, 
 that the proper fields at home might become known. Some of the Classes 
 had begun to retain their money, for their own missionary necessities. Her- 
 kimer, Fulton, Schoharie, Saratoga, Washington, and Warren Counties, N.Y., 
 Sussex, N. J., Pike, Pa., and the locality of Spotswood, N. J., were the fields 
 now opening to view. A church was soon organized at Spotswood, through 
 the labors of Van Hook. Isaac Ferris labored for three months along the 
 Mohawk, and received a call to Manheim, but declined. Mr. Switz follow- 
 ed him there, for the same period. The next year, Messrs. Ketchum and 
 Fort were sent to that locality, and also Mr. Van Hook, after having spent 
 a short time at Stillwater in Sussex Co., N. J. Cent societies were also 
 started at this time, in many churches, but with small results. 
 
 During the three years of the committee in New-York, besides the church 
 at Spotswood, others were organized — one at Oppenheim, one at Fayette, 
 Seneca Co., and one at Le Roy, Jefferson Co., N. Y. Eight missionaries 
 had been employed. In 1821, Synod appointed Messrs. Knox, Milledo- 
 ler, and WoodhuU a committee to draw up a new plan for missionary opera- 
 tions, and to report to next Synod. But their action was forestalled by 
 individual efforts. At the suggestion of Paschal N. Strong, a number of 
 pious individuals, in January, 1822, organized themselves into a society, to 
 be known as " The Missionary Society of the Reformed Dutch Church." 
 The formation of this Society was mad£ known to the synod, and the matter 
 was referred to the Committee on Missions. Its birth was hailed with joy. 
 Its board of managers was made Synod's Standing Committee on Missions, 
 and all the churches were exhorted to form auxiliary societies, not only for 
 domestic but for foreign missionary operations. During this period, three 
 Classes were organized, namely, Long Island, 1813, Philadelphia, 1814, 
 and Washington, 1818. 
 
 THIRD PERIOD — 1822-32. 
 
 j The policy of the new society was to employ as many of the graduates 
 
THE BOARDS. 373 
 
 of the seminary as were willing to undertake missions, to have auxili;iry 
 societies in every congregation, and to take up collections at the monthly 
 concerts for prayer. They published reports each year, which were scat- 
 tered through the churches. This society was the beginning of a new life. 
 It was felt that a brighter day was dawning. Nearly $2000 were contri- 
 buted in the first four months, and the amount increased, in the sixth year, 
 to more than $5000. During the ten years of the existence of this society, 
 thej' collected more than $30,000, andaidedabout 100 churches or stations, 
 and 130 missionaries. This society also started, in 182G, the Magazine of 
 the R. D. Church, issued monthly, and which, four j'ears later, was trans- 
 formed into the Christian Intelligencer. 
 
 They confined their efforts to the then limits of the church, in strength- 
 ening and establishing present organizations, rather than extending. 
 
 But the Particular Synod of Albany felt at lenijth that they were remote 
 from the Board, and did not receive all the help which their destitute locali- 
 ties demanded, and accordingly, in 1828, the Synod directed that a Northern 
 Board be appointed by the Missionary Society, to act under them. They 
 were accordingly organized, and appointed J. F. Schermerhorn their agent, 
 (1820,) to call forth the resources of the church, and determine ihe proper 
 missionary fields. There were at the time (1830) 159 ministers, 12 licen- 
 tiates, and 19-t churches, of which 33 were vacant, and 2G in need of aid. 
 Mr. S. gave a new impetus to the work of benevolence in the church. But 
 the Northern Board was dissatisfied with present arrangements. They 
 were, in fact, only a sub-committee of the society in New-York, to which 
 every thing must be finally referred. They were much crippled in their 
 operations. They could do nothing independentlj'. They kindly asked 
 that the wisdom of Synod would consider the matter. The Missionary 
 Society was not wholly under the control of Synod. Some collisions had 
 occurred. Mr. Schermerhorn had been discharged by the N. Y. society in 
 
 1830. It was felt that Synod should have full power over all the missiona- 
 ry operations of the church. Synod accordingly notified the society that 
 the officers whom thej^ had recently elected should be continued during the 
 present year, but that next year their number should be reduced to 15, 
 (one half,) and Synod would elect them, and they were requested to alter 
 their constitution accordingl}'. Their duties were also limited to the Par- 
 ticular Synod of New-York, while Synod elected 15 for a similar society in 
 the north. Mr. Schermerhorn was also appointed general agent of the church, 
 at a salary of $1300 a year, to be raised tjy private subscription. But the 
 old society in New-York refused to conform to the injunction of Synod. In 
 
 1831, therefore, Synod changed the basis of all the operations, by constituting 
 the Board of Missions. The benevolence of the church was for a few years 
 nearly equally divided between the two societies, but at length the old socie- 
 ty became au.xiliary to the new Board. In 1831, forty-five missionary sta- 
 tions were reported. During this period, four Classes were organized, name- 
 ly, Schenectady, Cayuga, and Schoharie, 1820, and the South Classis of 
 New- York, 1828. 
 
374 THE BOAEDS. 
 
 FOURTH PERIOD — 1831 TO PRESENT TIME. 
 
 This Board of Missions had all the mission operations of the church com- 
 mitted to its hands. Mr. Schermerhorn went at once vigorously to work. 
 More than $5400 crowned his efforts in the first year, and eight new 
 churches were organized and pastors installed over them. Yet there exist- 
 ed great prejudice against the employment of an agent. Unkind remarks 
 were made concerning him. Dr. C. C. Cuyler, in 1832, ably vindicated the 
 necessity and propriety of the office, and Mr. Schermerhorn was elected a 
 third time to this position ; but he now declined, and Rev. A. H. Dumont 
 was elected in his place. The old Missionacy Society continued to send 
 tlieir reports, but Synod declined to take any action on them. Great excite- 
 ment prevailed on the whole subject, for a couple of years, and the church 
 paper was filled with the discussion. Mr. Dumont's efforts, for the single 
 year of his service, secured about $5200. But in 1838, for some reason, 
 Synod was mistakenly induced to discontinue the agency ; but with bad re- 
 sults, the receipts falling off $2400, the first year. The old Missionary 
 Society now consented to become auxiliary to the Board, and their receipts 
 swelled the total to $5G00. The German Church also about this time made 
 informal overtures for united efforts to help their churches in Central Penn- 
 sylvania. For nine years the Board depended on classical agents. During 
 this time, (1837,) the first church of the denomination was organized in the 
 "West, at Fairview, 111. Other churches were subsequently organized in 
 Michigan, Illinois, and the territory of Wisconsin. In 1841, these were suf- 
 ficient to organize the Classes of Illinois and Michigan, and ten years later 
 the Classis of Holland. The yearly benevolence during this period, for this 
 cause, only amounted to four or five thousand dollars per annum, though 
 it had sometimes exceeded $6000, in earlier years, (1830-85.) About 35 
 churches per annum received aid from the board. But in 1842 a financial 
 secretary was appointed, Rev. Ransford "Wells, to take the general superin- 
 tendence of both the Foreign and Domestic Missions, the Board of Educa- 
 tion, and the Sabbath-School Union. The next year, in consequence of en- 
 larged operations and the need of increased services, a division of duties 
 was made — those pertaining to the western missions being placed in the 
 hands of Rev. B. C. Taylor, and those pertaining to the eastern, in the 
 hands of Rev. G. H. Fisher. The cause was now in a prosperous condition. 
 Many churches were organized and assisted. In 1844, however, Dr. 'W'ells 
 resigned, and the loss of the financial agent was plainly visible. During 
 the last year of his labors, the receipts of the Board reached the sum of 
 $9516, and the subsequent year they decreased nearly $3000. The name 
 of the Board was also at this time changed, from the " Board of Missions," 
 to the "Board of Domestic Missions of General Synod.". The secretaries 
 of the cast and the west continued their labors till 1849. In 1845, the Sy- 
 nod appointed Rev. Dr. Ferris to visit the western field and report its con- 
 dition. About this time also the large immigration of Hollanders began ; 
 they settled in Michigan and adjoining States. These naturally, to a large 
 
, THE BOARDS. 375 
 
 extent, unitotl with the Reformed Church. -^.They were driven liithcr hy re- 
 ligious persecution. {See p. 10.) Operations were soon greatly enlarged, 
 and in 1849 the Board was reorganised, and Rev. John Garretson chosen as 
 the secretary. 
 
 During the following decade of years no less than one hundred and fifty 
 new churches were organized, many of them under the auspices of the Do- 
 mestic Board. During this same time the receipts more tiian doubled, reach- 
 ing, in the year of Dr. Garretson's resignation, the sum of nearly §17,000. 
 Rev. Anson Du Bois succeeded Dr.Garretson, and having served in this capa- 
 city for three years, Rev. Go^^n Talmage took his place. Rev. Cyrus Vander- 
 veer succeeded for a brief space, (July, 18G7 — April, 1868,) and the posi- 
 tion is now occupied bj'^ Rev. Jacob "West. The receipts for the year end- 
 ing April, 1868, were $28,470. The number of Classes during the existence 
 of this Board has more tlian doubled. The Board during tlie 3'ear 1808 em- 
 plo3'ed seventy-three laborers and assisted seventy-nine churches. These 
 churches contributed to tlie funds of the Board, for the year ending April, 
 1808, about $1250. The Board of Domestic Missions was incorporated in 
 1867, and now holds its own funds, these having been previously held by 
 the Board of Corporation. 
 
 In 1854, the plan of a Church Building Fund was proposed, in accordance 
 with a provision in the original constitution of the Board. The original de- 
 sign was to secure a capital fund of not less than $25,000, to loan to feeble 
 churches, for the erection of their buildings, to an amount not to exceed 
 one fifth of the cost of such building. The Board of Corporation was to 
 take a first bond and mortgage of the consistory, exacting no interest, but 
 said bond becoming immediately payable in case of any change of eccle- 
 siastical relations. But nothing effectual was done for sevei'al years. In 
 1861, and again in 1862, the plan was modified ; henceforth applications 
 from churches were only to come through the Classis, stating the amount 
 required, and the amount to be raised by the people. A first bond and 
 mortgage was to be given, payable in one year, the interest to be remitted 
 at the discretion of the Board ; but then such church was to take up a 
 yearl)'' collection for the fund. Every church aided was expected to pa}^ back 
 the aid received, as soon as possible ; no cliurch can receive aid, which 
 would have a debt remaining. This fund has now reached an amount of 
 about $35,000, most of which has been loaned to feeble churches. 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 An Educational Society was organized independently, in the year 1828, 
 for the purpose of assisting needy students in their preparation for the 
 ministr}'. In the last century, and early part of this, a fee of £15 had 
 been exacted from each church calling and settling a licentiate, and a fee of 
 £0, generally, from each student, on receiving his license to preach. From 
 these moneys indigent students were sometimes assisted, or the professorial 
 
376 THE BOARDS. 
 
 fee for a diploma was paid, if the student were unable to meet the ex 
 pense himself. When a fund for the support of a professorship began to 
 be raised, it was also stipulated that needy students should be assisted from 
 the same. (Theological Seminaries.)- 
 
 In 1812, it was ordered that collections should be taken up in the churches 
 for this object. A committee was also appointed at the same Synod to 
 confer with the trustees of Queen's College concerning the provision of a 
 fund to meet the necessities of the students, while the Board of Superinten- 
 dents were also permitted to draw from the treasurer of Synod such 
 amounts as they deemed proper, for this purpose. The copyright of the 
 psalm and hymn book was also secured to Synod for the benefit of students, 
 the publishers being requested to pay Synod six cents for each copy sold. 
 But in five years this only amounted to $240. With the first instalments 
 of the Van Bunschooten bequest, in 1814, some additional help was obtain- 
 ed. In 1815, Miss Rebecca Knox, of Philadelphia, (a member of Dr. Brod- 
 head's church,) left $2000, for the support of students, but which did not 
 become immediately available. Cent societies, established in many congre- 
 gations, also brought in means to some extent. From all these sources, 
 the Board of Superintendents distributed $200, in the year 1814, spending 
 in addition $120, for the purchase of Hebrew Bibles. An increasing amount 
 was appropriated each year, until 1819, when they distributed the sum of 
 $1315 ; but the amount distributed did not reach as high a figure as this 
 again till 1828, the same year in which the Educational Society was organ- 
 ized. 
 
 On the seventh day of May, 1828, a number of ministers and friends met 
 in the lecture-room of the Collegiate Church, in the city of New-York, to 
 consider the propriety of organizing a Board of Education. Dr. Milledoler 
 was called to the chair, who opened the meeting with prayer. The circu- 
 lar which called the meeting showed, that, at a free conversation on the 
 general interests of the church, held in the preceding November, between 
 Rev. Messrs. Milledoler, Knox, Kuypers, Brownlee, Ludlow, P. Labagh, 
 Schermerhorn, and De Witt, it was ascertained that a general desire exist- 
 ed for more efficient action in the missionary and educational interests of 
 the church. Hence this meeting at the call of a committee, to organize a 
 Board of Education. A constitution was at once adopted containing twelve 
 articles, stating the objects of the Board, the terms of annual and life mem- 
 berships, the manner of government, through the necessary officers and an 
 executive committee, and the manner of receiving beneficiaries. Any do- 
 nation of $1500 or more, for the founding of a scholarship, was to be dis- 
 tinguished by the name of the donor. Col. Henrj' Rutgers was elected the 
 first president. An address was at once prepared by a committee, consist- 
 ing of Drs. Mathews,Brow'nlee, and De Witt, and distributed to the churches. 
 The amount granted to a beneficiary was then limited to $90 per an- 
 num. They designed rather to aid a student than to sustain him fully. 
 Auxiliary societies existed in certain of the Classes, and in single churches. 
 
THE BOARDS. 377 
 
 Durinc; its first j'car the Board ami its auxiliaries assisted about twenty 
 students. In 1831, this Education Society, which had been orjraiu'zed by 
 individual, not ecclesiastical, action, requested General Synod to take charge 
 of it as its own Board. This was proposed, partly, because donations be- 
 gan to be left to it, while it was not formally connected with the Synod, 
 and partly to increase still further the confidence of the churches. The 
 old otticers were reap[)ointed by Synod as its officers, and a committee 
 was appointed to remodel it. A new Board was accordingly constituted in 
 1832, and the funds of the old Board turned over to the care of General 
 Synod. 
 
 The organization of this Board was the beginning of a new life for the 
 educational interests of the church. A number of scholarships were soon 
 founded by individuals. Many of these were allowed to accumulate for a 
 time, if not sufficient, at first, to meet the due appropriations to the students. 
 The following is the list of them, in their present amounts, with the )'ears 
 in which they were founded : 
 
 scnoLAiisniPs. 
 
 1828. Heyer, $2500 
 
 1830. Henry Rutgers, ...... 1700 
 
 1830. Stephen Van Rensselaer, ...... 1700 
 
 1830. William P. Van Rensselaer, 1700 
 
 1834. The Cornell, by Peter Stryker, of Flatbush, . . . 2350 
 
 1834. John Wyckoff, of Ne-Shanic, .... 2500 
 
 1835. Mrs. Margaret Burgess, of New-York, .... 1700 
 1837. John Clark, of New- York, ..... 3000 
 1837. James Bogert, Jr.. of New- York, ..... 2000 
 
 1837. Isaac L. Kip, by his sons, ..... 1700 
 
 1838. Tannake Turk, by Miss Anna Turk, of New-York, in the name 
 
 of her late Mother, ..... 1700 
 
 1839. Richard Cadmus, of Bergen Point, .... 2000 
 
 1841. Stryker, (by accumulation of the Cornell Scholarship,) . 2000 
 
 1844. Miss Maria Freeborne, of Flatbush .... 2000 
 
 1846. Hornbcck, (two,) . ..... 4000 
 
 1850. James Bogert, Jr., of New- York, .... 2000 
 
 1853. Cor. C. Cuyler, by his son Theodore Cuyler, Esq., of Philadel- 
 
 phia, ........ 2000 
 
 1854. Margaret Ten Evck, ) , ,, ( . . 2000 
 1854. Catalina Ten Eyck, \ ^^ ^^^^ff^^et Ten Eyck, -J _ _ oq^^q 
 
 1857. Moses Cowan, .... . . 2500 
 
 1860. Daniel J. Schanck, of Monmouth Co., N. J., . . . 3000 
 
 1860. James Suydani, ..... . 10,000 
 
 1863. Theodore Frelinghuysen Do Witt, by Rev. Dr. Thomas De 
 
 Witt, of New-York, ..... 2500 
 
 1805. Edward Lansing Pruyn, ...... 2500 
 
 1867. Gerrit Y. Lansing, ....... 2500 
 
3V8 THE BOAEUS. 
 
 1867. Maria Lefferts, ....... |4750 
 
 1868. Josliua Hornbeck, ...... 2000 
 
 1868. James Suydam, ....... 2000 
 
 These scholarships, together with the Van Bunschooten and Knox Funds, 
 and more recently the Smock Fund, ($500, 1859,) the Mandeville Fund, 
 ($2000, 1865,) and the Voorhees Fund,* ($26,000, 1867,) all under the 
 care of the trustees of Rutgers College, make a capital of more than $120,- 
 000, for the education of students for the ministry, besides the annual 
 church collections and private gifts, now about $10,000 per annum. Thus 
 has this department of the Church grown, from comparatively insignificant 
 beginnings. During the year ending with May, 1868, $5239 were distribu- 
 ted among forty-six students, and nearly the same amount to professors 
 and teachers in Hope College — this institution being yet partially dependent 
 on the Board of Education, having matured under its auspices from a mere 
 academical to a collegiate character; parochial schools are also helped to 
 some extent by this Board. In 1865, Synod empowered this Board to en- 
 large its sphere of operations, and cooperate with the Classes in the estab- 
 lishment of academies and classical schools within their bounds. The Van 
 Bunschooten and Knox Funds remain under the care of the trustees of Rut- 
 gers College, as the Sjmod was unincorporated when these funds were 
 donated. On account of the recently increased endowment of this college, 
 tuition fees are not now exacted of beneficiaries. About one third of the 
 present ministry of the church are indebted to the Board of Education for 
 assistance, while preparing for the ministry. 
 
 Rev. J. F. Schermerhorn, the general agent of all the benevolent opera- 
 tions of the church, was active in collecting funds for this Board, 1830-32. 
 Rev. A. H. Dumont succeeded him, for a single year. Contributions 
 amounted to about $8000 per annum, at this time, although diminished in 
 1832 by the epidemic. For the next decade of years, the services of a spe- 
 cial secretary were dispensed with, classical agents being employed to rep- 
 resent the educational interests of the church. In 1843, Rev. Ransfor 
 Wells was appointed as a financial secretary to take the general superin- 
 tendence of all the boards. He occupied this position for only two years. 
 Again, for more than half a score of years, the Board remained without a 
 corresponding secretary, but its small receipts (less than $1700, in 1855,) 
 compelled them to seek a more efficient plan of operations. Rev. J. A. H, 
 Cornell was accordingly appointed to this office, in 1855, under whose en- 
 ergetic efforts this Board was thoroughly revived. In 1857 the Board was 
 reorganized. At the end of the six years of his service the contributions 
 of the churches for this cause had increased nearly six-fold. Upon his re- 
 signation, from ill-health, in 1861, Rev. John L. See was appointed as his 
 successor, who is the present incumbent. 
 
 * It seems the benefit of this fund is limited to 'he aiding of young men, who are candi- 
 dates for the ministry, while pursuing their studies in Rutgers College. 
 
THE BOARDS. 379 
 
 BOARD OF PUBLICATION. 
 
 This Board was organized in 1855, the incipient steps for its organization 
 having been taken by the General Synod the previous year. It is com- 
 posed of twelve ministers and twelve laymen, one third part of whom arc 
 elected annually by the General Synod. 
 
 To this board are intrusted, with such directions and instructions as may 
 from time to time bo given b}'' the General Synod, the superintendence of 
 all the publications of the Reformed Church in America, and the circuhuion 
 of such works pertaining to the history, government, doctrines, and re- 
 ligious literature of said church, and of other evangelical denominations, as 
 shall be properly approved. 
 
 Regarding the evangelical press as the co-worker of the pastor, in sup- 
 plementing his labors for the spread of the truth and the growth of the 
 church, its publications are adapted to the cultivation of a healthy church 
 life and to the preservation of unity and purity of faith among its members. 
 
 In addition to works of a denominational value, the Depository of the 
 Board, at 103 Fulton Street, New- York, has constantly on hand a variety 
 of desirable publications, both of its own issues and of other publishing 
 houses, suited to promote the general interests of religion and to furnish 
 sound, instructive reading for our rapidly increasing population. It has 
 also a choice selection of Sahhath-scliuul looJcx, and, as far as its means will 
 allow, makes donations to needy schools. 
 
 The Board entered upon its work with an empty treasury, and has been 
 retarded in its operations from the want of funds. Its history, however, is 
 an illustration of growth under pressure. Friends came with timely aid to 
 its relief It has recently received a legacy of $5000. The General Synod, 
 regarding it as an important agency, commended it to the churches for a 
 working capital of $30,000. Of this sum, three thousand dollars have just 
 been secured. 
 
 The ofiBcers of this Board are the following, namely : 
 
 Rev. Thomas De Witt, D.D., President. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Ferris, D.D., Vice-President. 
 
 Rev. John A. Lansing, D.D., Cor. Secretary. 
 
 Peter Duryee, Esq., Treasurer. J. A. L. 
 
 FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 THE CnURCn OF THE NETHERLANDS. 
 
 The Reformed Church of the Netherlands, more than two centuries ago, 
 preached the Gospel to the heathen as opportunities were presented. The 
 merchants of the United Provinces were enterprising, the seamen full of 
 courage, and, organized as an East-India Company, they established com- 
 mercial colonies at many points upon the coast of Asia, and on many of 
 
380 THE BOARDS. 
 
 the contiguous islands. The company, the government, and the church 
 worked together to supply the settlements with Christian pastors. These 
 godly men were moved with compassion for the multitudes of heathen sur- 
 rounding them. They learned many of the languages of Asia, preached to 
 Buddhists and Mohammedans, and translated Christian books into Tamil, 
 Malaj^ Chinese, etc. The government and church at home assisted the 
 colonial pastors generously, although not always wisely. 
 
 The first clergj^man from Holland arrived in Batavia in the year 1598. 
 In 1620, Christian worship was fully established. It was at first conducted 
 in the Portuguese and Chinese languages. Rev. Messrs. Dubbledryk and 
 Candidius were probably the first ministers sent to the East-Indies. The 
 former was soon suspended for immoral conduct ; the latter, by insisting 
 upon monogamy among the natives, awakened such a spirit of opposition 
 that it was considered prudent to transfer him to Formosa in 1627 ; the 
 government cautioning him not to give offense to the Chinese and Japanese 
 emperors. 
 
 Soon after 1630, the Netherlands East-India Company supported clergy- 
 men of the Reformed Church in Ceylon^ Sumatra, Java, Amioyna, Hereso- 
 ria, Isles of Banda, Goromandel, Surat, China, Formosa, Siam, and Ja2yan. 
 In all these countries, or dependencies, churches and school-houses were' 
 built by the combined action of the company, the government, the church 
 at home, and the colonists. 
 
 Many translations were made. For the use of the Tamils of Cej'lon and 
 India the Bible was partially translated. Versions M'ere also made in 
 Chinese and Malay of portions of the Scriptures. The catechism of the 
 clunxh was published in Tamil, Chinese, and Malay, and was translated 
 into some of the more local dialects. 
 
 It is stated in Newcomb's Encyclopedia of Missions, upon what authority 
 we do not know, that the clergymen of the Reformed Church in Asia did 
 not learn the language of the natives, but preached through interpreters. 
 This is no doubt true of some, but not of all, for there is sufficient proof 
 that translations were made ; they are in existence to this day. 
 
 To thousands of men the Gospel was preached. In the province of 
 Jaifna alone, in Ceylon, there were thirty-four churches appropriated to the 
 use of the native population, in which 63,000 hearers gathered, exclusive of 
 2000 baptized slaves, while the schools connected with them had over 
 16,000 native children in regular attendance. Thousands of natives, in 
 Ceylon, in Batavia, in Formosa, were baptized on professing an intellectual 
 assent to the word of God. It is unnecessary to quote the number report- 
 ed and on record. In accordance with the universal practice of the Chris- 
 tian church of that day, men were unwisely admitted to church-fellow- 
 ship if able to give a tolerably clear statement of essential doctrines, and on 
 expressing a belief in the same. Evidences of conversion and a statement 
 of Christian experience were nowliere required. Beside this, employment 
 under the government was given only to the natives who had made such a 
 profession. This, too, was in accordance with almost universal custom. 
 
TUE BOAKDS. 381 
 
 Intended as an encouragement, it acted mainly, almost exclusively, as a 
 bribe.* 
 
 The disposition of the Church of the Netherlands may be learned from 
 the fact that, between 1G15 and 1725, no less than 33G ministers had 
 labored en the islands or mainland of what was then commonly called the 
 East-Indies. Some were only the pastors of the colonists from the United 
 Provinces, others were truly missionaries to the heathen. 
 
 AVhen the government of the Netherlands was exhausted by long and 
 costly wars, undertaken for the defense and preservation of Christianity 
 and civil libert}', and became unable to reenforce many of its Asiatic com- 
 mercial posts, they were overpowered by the superior numbers of the Eng- 
 lish ships and forces, and brought under the English government. The 
 English East-India Company not only totally neglected the Christian work 
 begun by the Hollanders in Asia, but discouraged and opposed all attempts 
 to win the natives to Christian! tj*. 
 
 The Holland settlement on Formosa was overpowered and broken up by 
 Chinese pirates, the home government having neither money nor men to 
 spare for the succor of its colonies ; both had been spent in a terrible con- 
 flict with the Papacy and despotism. 
 
 THE CnURCn IN AMERICA. 
 
 The emigrants from the Netherlands to America had a disposition like 
 that of those who had formed Christian colonies in Asia, and at a very early 
 date their pastors began to preach to the Indians. At various localities in 
 New-York and New- Jersey tradition testifies that the Gospel was preached 
 to the red man by the pastors of the Reformed churches, and prayers offered 
 by the people for his conversion and salvation. Recorded particulars of 
 this work are preserved onh' in connection with the settlement at Alban}'. 
 In lG4o, Rev. Mr. Megapolensis began to labor among the Mohawk Indians 
 living near what is now called Albany. This was three years previous 
 to the labors of Rev. John Eliot, of Roxbur}^, Mass., among the Indians 
 of that locality. Large numbers of the Mohawks attended the preaching 
 of Megapolensis, who had become quite a fluent speaker in their language. 
 Many of them were truly conveited, baptized, and received into the fellow- 
 ship of tlie Reformed church of Albany. The baptismal register of that 
 church contains the names of many of these converts, of whom the greater 
 proportion were of adult j'ears. 
 
 The work, so well begun by this good man, was carried on with equal zeal 
 
 * In Great Britain Nonconformists were excluded from office, and every denomination 
 included large numbers of men who had professed only an intellectual assent to the truth. 
 In New-England, when it was proposed that candidates for church-membership should give 
 evidence of conversion, the proposition met a general and earnest opposition ; and in some 
 of the States a man could not obtain office unless he was a member of the church. Yet, by 
 writers in Great Britain and New-England, the work of the Reformed Church in Asia, from 
 1615 to about ITiO, is almost uniformly presented in such a form as to leave the impression 
 that that church was guilty of unusual folly. 
 
382 THE BOARDS. 
 
 by his successors in the pastoral office. The Rev. Godfrieclus Dellius, settled 
 in Albany in 1683, labored with much success among these red men. 
 During his ministry, in 1691, the Indians petitioned the English governor, 
 IJenry Slaughter, that his excellency "will for the future take an especial 
 care that we may be instructed in the Christian religion." The governor 
 returned a favorable reply. In 1703 the Rev. Mr. Lydius, the successor of 
 Dellius, labored among the Mohawks, receiving the countenance of the 
 governor, and having from him a- special pecuniary provision in considera- 
 tion of the work. When Lydius died there were thirty Indian communi- 
 cants in the church of Albany. 
 
 The success of the work attracted attention in Great Britain, and in A 
 New GeogrcqMcal and Historical Grammar, edited by a Mr. Salmon, and 
 published in London in 1760, a famous book at the time, it is said in regard 
 to the Mohawks: "At Albany they are all brought to the profession of 
 Christianity, and all baptized ; and some of them seem to have a tolerable 
 notion of it, and have earnestly desired a missionary to be sent among 
 them; and to encourage this good disposition in them, the Society (for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts) appointed a catechist among 
 them, a native of America, who has resided among them and applied him- 
 self to the study of their language, and met with very good success." The 
 Rev. llv. Freeman also, the pastor of the Reformed church of Schenectady, 
 about 1700, took great pains to instruct the Mohawks who came to that 
 city. He reported to the Society already mentioned that "he had trans- 
 lated into Indian the morning and evening prayers of our liturgy, the whole 
 Gospel of St. Matthew, the first three chapters of Genesis, several chapters 
 of Exodus, several Psalms, many portions of the Scriptures relating to the 
 birth, passion, resurrection, and ascension of our Lord ; and several chap- 
 ters of the first Epistle to the Corinthians, particularly the fifteenth chap- 
 ter, proving the resurrection of the dead."' He also translated the Ten 
 Commandments and the Apostles' Creed. These translations were pre- 
 sented to the Society, and some of them were printed in the city of New- 
 York about 1713. 
 
 From this early period to the present, the Reformed Church which came 
 from the Netherlands to the United States has been heartily engaged in the 
 endeavor to win pagan peoples to the knowledge and love of Christ. 
 
 MISSIONARY ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 In November, 1796, the New- York Missionary Society was formed in 
 the city of New- York. The Presbyterian, Reformed, and Baptist Churches 
 were represented in its membership. During the first year of its existence 
 one thousand dollars were contributed for the support of its work. A 
 missionary was sent to the Chickasaw Indians, in Georgia ; aid was granted 
 to the Rev. John Sergeant, a missionary to the Stockbridge Indians, Connec- 
 ticut ; and an Indian preacher, named Paul CufFee, was supported amongst 
 the Indians of Suffolk County, Long Island. In 1800, the Society added a 
 
THE BOARDS. 383 
 
 missionary (o the Tiiscaroras and Scnccas in Western New-York, employ- 
 ing also, by his request, Niciiolas Oiisick as a native helper. 'J'his work 
 was continued with considerable success for a number of ja-ars. 
 
 The iirst printed list of officers, that ha.s come down to us, the one pub- 
 lished in 17'J!), has the following names: 
 
 John Rodgers, D.D., President. 
 
 John II. Livingston, D.D., Vice-President. 
 
 Mr. Divie Bethune, Treasurer. 
 
 Rev. John M. Mason, Secretary. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Miller, Clcrl: 
 
 AVilliamLinn, D.I)., John McKnight, D.D., Rev. GerardusKuypers, Rev. 
 John N. Abeel, Peter Wilson, LL.l)., Thomas Mackaness, Esq., Anthony 
 Post, Esq., Leonard Bleecker, Esq., Mr. George Lindsay, Mr. George War- 
 ner, Mr. John Bingham, Mr. John Mills, Directors. 
 
 A remarkable feature of the method adopted by this organization is found 
 in the "Plan for social prayer," adopted January 18th, 1708. By this plan 
 a union prayer-meeting was established by these resolutions : 
 
 "1. That the second Wednesday evening of every month, beginning at 
 candlelight, be observed, from February next, by the members of the soci- 
 ety, and all who are willing to join with them, for the purpose of offering up 
 their praj'ers and supplications to the God of grace, that he would be pleased 
 to pour out his Spirit on his church, and send Ids Gospel to.all nations ; and 
 that he would succeed the endeavors of this societ}^, and all societies insti- 
 tuted on the same principles, and for the same ends. 
 
 "2. That these evenings of prayer be observed in rotation, in the 
 churches of this city to whose judicatories they may be acceptable, and 
 of which there is a minister belonging to this society ; beginning with the 
 Old Presbyterian Church, and proceeding next to the Scots Presbyterian 
 Church, next to the New Dutch Church, next to the First Baptist Church, 
 next to the Brick Presbyterian Church, next to the North Dutch Church, 
 and then the service to revert to the place it began ; provided that, if the 
 ministers of any other churches become members of the societj^ a due pro- 
 portion of the services, in the regular course, be performed in said churches." 
 
 This custom had in it the germ of the monthly concert. 
 
 Before this society Rev. John M. Mason, D.D., preached on Nov. Tth, 1797, 
 in the Old Presbyterian Church, in Wall street, his notable sermon entitled 
 "Messiah's Throne," and on the 23d of April, 1799, (the annual meeting 
 having been adjourned from Nov. '98 on account of the ravages of the yel- 
 low fever,) Rev. John II. Livingston, D.D., preached in the Scots Pres- 
 bj-tcrian church, in Cedar street, his famous sermon on " Ciirist is all, and 
 in all." Both of these sermons presented the declarations of the Scriptures 
 respecting the extension of the Redeemer's kingdom over the whole world, 
 and enforced the duty of the church to evangelize all nations. Both of the 
 sermons had a wide circulation, were read by Ciiristians in all parts of the 
 countr}', and had much to do with the formation of a desire to engage in 
 the work of foreisrn missions. 
 
384 THE BOARDS. 
 
 The Northern Missionary Society was formed during a meeting which 
 began at Lansingburgh, N. Y., on the 11th of January, 1797, when a con- 
 stitution was provisionally adopted, and adjourned to meet at Albany, N. Y., 
 on February 14th, 1797, when the constitution was amended, altered, and 
 finally adopted. This society included ministers and members of the Re- 
 formed, Presbyterian, and Baptist churches. The officers for the first year, 
 most of M'hom were continued for several years, were as follows : 
 
 Rev. Dirck Romeyri, D.D., President. 
 
 Rev. James Proudfit, Vice-President. ^ 
 
 Rev. John Bassett, Secretary. 
 
 Rev. Jonas Coe, Clerl: 
 
 Rev. Elbert Willet, Treasurer. 
 
 Revs. Dr. John B. Smith, John Close, Samuel Smith, Isaac Labagh, John 
 B. Johnson, David S. Bogart, William McCauley, Daniel Marsh, James Mairs, 
 John Dunlap, Anthony T. Braun, Robert F. Smith, Alexander Proudfit, 
 Jacob Sickles, General James Gordon, Hunloche Woodruff, M.D., Messrs. 
 Ebenezer Clark, Abraham Eights, Isaac Ilutton, Jacob Vanderheyden, 
 Abraham Hunn, General Abraham Outhout, Messrs. Elijah Janes, Corne- 
 lius P. Wyckoff, Directors. 
 
 This association was similar to that organized in New- York Cit3\ It con- 
 tinued to exist until about 1830. It sent missionaries to the Indians of 
 Central and Western New- York. Many were instructed in the truth, and 
 led to repentance toward God, and fiiith in our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 At about the year 1800, missionary societies were formed in Connecticut, 
 New-Jersey, Massachusetts, and New-Hampshire. All instructed the Indians 
 in the Word of God ; all also kept in view the work of evangelizing pagan 
 nations. The magazines published by these organizations reported the work 
 of the Moravians, of the London Missionary Society, then engaged on the 
 South-Sea Islands, and of the attempts made to introduce the Gospel among 
 the people of Africa and India. By this intelligence, by the sermons 
 preached, the appeals made, a missionary spirit was awakened in all parts 
 of the United States, which at last culminated in the formation of the 
 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. 
 
 In the year 181G, overtures from the General Assembly of the Presbyterian 
 Church and the Synod of the Associate Reformed Church were presented 
 to the General Synod of the Reformed Church, proposing that these bodies 
 should engage in forming a missionary association. The General Sjmod 
 acceded to the plan and connected itself with the "United Missionary 
 Society." This organization sent missionaries to the American Indians. 
 After a few years, as pecuniary embarrassments increased, it was proposed 
 that the society should be amalgamated, as it was termed, with the Ameri- 
 can Board. The proposition was discussed with much earnestness in the 
 General Synod, and many of the ministry warmly opposed it; but in 1826 
 the measure was adopted, and the United Missionary Society merged into 
 the American Board. Not a k^^., however, in the Reformed Church were 
 not pleased that the contributions of the churches were used only for the 
 
TIIU IJOARDS. 385 
 
 organization and snpport of Congregational cluirchca in heathen lands, and 
 that no provision was made for tlie cstablislunent of churches of our own 
 order. This dissatisfaction increased until 18:J2, when a plan was adopted 
 by the Board and the Church, under which the Church, while retaining the 
 advantages of a connection with the American Board, was allowed to conduct 
 missions according to its own ecclesiastical polity. This arrangement con- 
 tinued to the satisfaction of both parties until the Synod of 1850. In 1822 
 "The Missionary Society of the Reformed Dutch Church" was formed. In 
 1832 the General Synod elected "The Board of Foreign Missions of the 
 Reformed Dutch Church." This superseded tlic former society, and still 
 exists as the Board of Foreign Missions. 
 
 In 185G expression was given through the Board to the growing convic- 
 tion that a separation from the American Board and independent action 
 were necessary, in order to produce a proper sense of responsibility and 
 call out the ability of the church. The recommendation of the Board wa.s 
 carefu'ly considered by the General Synod and referred to the Synod of the 
 following year. During the sessions held in Ithaca, in 1857, while cnjoj-ing 
 unusual evidences of the presence of the Holy Spirit, the Sj^nod resolved 
 to discontinue the relations that had existed so pleasantlj' and profitably, 
 and to undertake to govern and maintain its own missionary operations. 
 Through the mercy of God, the attempt has thus far been successful. 
 
 The Reformed Church has had the privilege of contributing to the work 
 of foreign missions three very useful men. John Scuddcr, M.D., in 1819 
 went from us to India. He was commissioned by the American Board as 
 •the medical member of the Ceylon mission. After a few j^ears he was 
 ordained as a minister of the word of God. He was one of the pioneers 
 of American missions among the Tamils. God gave him many years, and 
 made him a blessing to man}^ souls. (Scuddek, John.) In 1829, the Rev. 
 David Abeel was sent by the Seamen's Friend Society to Canton as a 
 chaplain. It was thought that by such an appointment Mr. Abeel would 
 be enabled to learn the language, become acquainted with the customs of 
 China, and perhaps to preach the Gospel to the people. In the course of 
 the year Mr. Abeel became a missionary of the American Board. He 
 was one of the pioneers of American missions in China. Few men ac- 
 complished more in conciliating the Chinese, in informing the Christians of 
 England and America respecting that great nation, and in awakening an 
 interest in their condition. (Abeel, David.) In 1839, C. V. A. Van Dyck, 
 M.D., appointed by the American Board as the missionary physician of the 
 Syria mission, left the Reformed church of Kinderhook, N. Y., for his 
 field of labor. God has granted him the great honor of completing the 
 Arabic version of the Word of God that had been begun and cariied for- 
 ward for some years by Rev. Eli Smith, D.D. By a council composed of 
 missionaries, which held only that meeting. Dr. Van Dyck was ordained 
 to the Gospel ministry. From the trustees of Rutgers College he receivedl 
 the degree of Doctor of Divinity, never more worthily bestowed. (Van; 
 Dyck, C. V. A.) 
 25 
 
386 THE BOABDS. 
 
 THE MISSIONS. 
 
 The Borneo Mission. — The Rev. David Abeel suggested that if a confer- 
 ence were had with the Netherlands Missionary Society, the Reformed 
 Church might be able to secure special facilities for conducting a mission 
 within some of the colonial possessions of the Dutch government in the 
 East-Indies. lie received authority to visit Holland in 1834, and, after in- 
 terviews with men of influence and authority there, he recommended to the 
 church here to proceed to establish a mission somewhere within Netherlands 
 India. In the following year Dr. Abeel visited many of our churches, and 
 awakened a great interest in the proposed work. Four young men conse- 
 crated themselves to the service of the church in this new and difficult 
 undertaking. They were Elihu Doty, Elbert Nevius, William Youngblood, 
 of the class which graduated that year, 1836, from the theological seminary, 
 ^nd Jacob Ennis, of the class of 1835. By the action of these brethren and 
 itheir addresses a more earnest, resolute, and general missionary spirit was 
 aroused in the churches than had ever before existed. Miss Azubah C. 
 ■Condict, the sister of Mrs. Nevius, offered herself as an assistant mission- 
 ary and was commissioned. Borneo was selected as the field to be occu- 
 pied. This company sailed during the sessions of the General Synod, com- 
 mended to God by the prayers of that body, while the whole church was 
 moved by the event. 
 
 In 1838, Revs. William J. Pohlman and Frederick B. Thompson were 
 .accepted as members of this mission, and sailed for the East-Indies. 
 
 In 1840, a further reenforcement was sent, consisting of the Revs. W. T. 
 Van Doren and Isaac P. Stryker. All the ministers appointed to the mis- 
 sion thus far were married, except Mr. Stryker. 
 
 In 1842, the Rev. Wm. H. Steele, unmarried, sailed for Batavia to join 
 the Borneo mission. 
 
 The mission occupied two stations on the Island of Borneo, namely, 
 Sambas and Pontianak. Some of the missionaries devoted themselves 
 chiefly to the Chinese colonists ; the others labored amongst the Dyaks. On 
 every Sabbath there was preaching in three languages, Dyak, Malay, and 
 English, at the mission church, and religious instruction was given almost 
 ■daily during the week. A school for Malay children was conducted by Mr. 
 Youngblood ; another, for the Chinese, by Mr. Pohlman. Nowhere were the 
 missionaries assailed by ridicule or persecution ; the mission involved a very 
 small expenditure of money, the laborers entreated long for an addition to 
 their force, but — Borneo was abandoned. The health of Mrs. Nevius com- 
 pelled her husband to return with her. Mr. Stryker died in 1842. Messrs. 
 Pohlman and Doty left for China in 1844. In 1847, Thompson died in 
 Switzerland ; Mr. Youngblood's health failed, and, in 1849, he was compelled 
 to return to the United States; and Mr. Steele was summoned home to 
 recruit his health and, if possible, obtain a reenforcement. He made his 
 appeal to the Theological Seminary and to the churches. No one offered to 
 go to Borneo, and the mission was abandoned. 
 
THE BOARDS. 387 
 
 It should bo montionecl that the government of the Netherlands com- 
 pelled our missionaries to reside a year at Batavia before allowing them to 
 proceed to Borneo. Mr. Steele onl}^ obtained a partial release from this re- 
 striction. His residence in Batavia was not prolonged beyond eight 
 months. The fact that the Island of Borneo was ruled by the kingdom of 
 the Netherlands was productive of no benefit, yielded no facilities for the 
 work to the mission, at any time. 
 
 TuK Amoy Mission. — In 1842, when Amoy had just been made one of the 
 five open ports of China, Rev. David Abeel, D.U., visited the cit}^, and re- 
 ported that, in his judgment, it presented a promising field for the exercise 
 of the missionary spirit of the church. lie wrote, also to Messrs. Doty and 
 Pohlman, who had given themselves to the Chiricse of Borneo, to come to 
 Amoy. They wished to go, for their hearts could know no rest among 
 colonial Chinese since the gates of the empire itself had been pried open 
 by war. In April, 184-1:, these two brethren with their families left Borneo 
 for Amoy. Before he had an opportunity to enter this inviting field, Mr. 
 Pohlman was drowned, and a useful life, a clear light, was quenched. 
 
 The Rev. J. V. N. Talmagc, D.D., was commissioned as a member of this 
 mission in 1847; Rev. J. S. Joralmon, in 1855; Revs. Daniel Rapalje and 
 Alvin Ostrom, in 1858 ; Rev. John E. Watkins, in 18G0; the Rev. Leonard 
 ^Y. Kip and Augustus Blauvelt, in 1801; Rev. J. 11. Van Doren, in 18G4; 
 and the Rev. John A. Davis, in 1868. 
 
 The Rev. Elihu Doty died at sea, while returning home to recruit, in 
 1865 ; the Rev. J. A. Watkins and wife were probably lost at sea — the ship 
 that carried them was not heard from ; the Rev. J. S. Joralmon and wife 
 on account of continued sickness were compelled to withdraw from the ser- 
 vice of the Board in 1800; Rev. A. Ostrom and wife were so disabled by ill 
 health as to make their return to this country necessary, in 1864; and the 
 Rev. A. Blauvelt and wife were also forced, by the same cause, to leave the 
 mission, in 1804. 
 
 The force engaged at the present time (May, 1869) consists of Revs. J. V. 
 N. Talmage, D.D., and wife, D. Rapalje, J. A. Davis and wife, and Rev. L. 
 W. Kip and wife, and Rev. J. II. Van Doren, at present in this country to 
 recruit. 
 
 The mission has been continually blessed by the Head of the Church, 
 and has often enjoyed the gracious influences of the Holy Spirit. The 
 chief centre of the work has been and is at the city of Amoy. 
 
 The progress of the mission can be learned from a comparison of the re- 
 ports rendered on Doc. 31st, 1857, and Dec. 31st, 1868. In 1857, the gen- 
 eral Synod separated from the American Board. The reports are as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Dec. 31, 1857. Force. — Three missionaries and two assistant missionaries, 
 seven native helpers. 
 
 Churches. — One at xVmoy, one at Chioh-be. The church at Amoy had two 
 places of worship. 
 
388 THE BOARDS. 
 
 Communicants. — Amoy, 137; Chioh-be, 35. Received during the year 
 at Amoy, 19; at Chioh-be, 4. 
 
 Schools.— OwQ at Amoy, and one at Chioh-be. There was also a small 
 theological class. 
 
 From the origin of the mission to Dec, 1857, the whole number received 
 into the membership of the churches had been 192. 
 
 Bee. 31, 1868. Force. — Three missionaries and two assistant missiona- 
 ries, and Mr. Davis and wife on the way to join the brethren at Amoy. 
 Two native pastors, IG native helpers, and 7 young men in the theologi- 
 cal class, with one medical student taught at the dispensary and hospital. 
 
 Churches. — Two at Amoy, both self-supporting; one at Chioh-be, one at 
 0-Kang, with out-stations at Tc-soa, Ang-tung-thau, Tong-an, Chiang-chiu, 
 and Chathaupo. 
 
 Communicants. — First Church of Amoy, 150; 8 having been received 
 during the 3'ear. Second Church of Amoy, 109 ; 19 received during the year. 
 Chioh-be, 90 ; 11 received during the year. The Church of 0-Kang was or- 
 ganized, just at the close of the year, with 30 members, all^rom the First 
 Church of Amoy. The total membership, at the close of 1868, was 409. 
 
 The number of deaths among the communicants, from Dec. 1857, to Dec. 
 1868, was 83. 
 
 Schools. — Two at Amoy, with 54 scholars, and one at Chioh-be, with 20 
 pupils. 
 
 A dispensarj'' and hospital, which at the beginning was sustained by the 
 English Presbyterian mission, that of the London Society, and our own, 
 has become self-supporting. About 5000 patients each year are treated 
 in his valuable institution, and the missions daily hold a religious service 
 with those in attendance. 
 
 The Aroot Mission. — The Rev. John Scudder, M.D.,D.D., was near Mad- 
 ras, Southern India. Mis sons, having completed their classical and theologi- 
 cal education, were coming to him to share his work. He and they desired to 
 cultivate a field among the Tamils hitherto neglected, and to be allowed to 
 conduct a mission of their own. But the American Board could not spare 
 Dr. Scudder from the Madras Mission, and the sons, therefore, were author- 
 ized to occupy the North and South Arcot districts, lying west of Madras. 
 
 The Rev. H. M. Scudder, M.D., removed from Madras to Wallajanuggur, 
 three miles east of the city of Arcot, in January, 1851. On the l-4th of 
 March he removed to a residence in Arcot. Rev. W. W. Scudder joined 
 him in 1853 ; he had been connected with the Ceylon Mission. In 1853 
 Rev. Joseph Scudder also engaged in the work at Arcot. These brothers, 
 with their father, requested the Particular Synod of New-York, of 1853, to 
 allow them to be organized as a Classis. The Synod granted the request, ap- 
 pointing Dr. Scudder to perform this service. In 1854 the Classis of Arcot 
 was regularly constituted, three native brethren, who had removed from 
 Madras, representing the eldership. 
 
 At that time scarcely a man was to be found, except those who within 
 
THE HOARDS. 389 
 
 two years had listened to the preaching of the Scudders, who had even heard 
 the name of Jesus Christ, or had a single correct idea of the nature of Clod, 
 or the duty of man to liis fellows and his Maker, in these large Arcot dis- 
 tricts, embracing an area of nearly 10,000 square miles, with a population 
 of over two millions of souls. 
 
 Early in ISo-t, Rev. John Scudder, M.D., D.D., died near the Cape of 
 Good Hope, whither he had gone in the hope of retarding the decline of his 
 strength. His death was widely lamented. His services to the Church and 
 the cause of missions had been of the highest value. During the same 
 year Revs. Jared AV. and Ezekiel C. Scudder reached Arcot, and were ad- 
 mitted to the Classis. Miss Louisa Scudder accompanied them, and engaged 
 in the work as an assistant missionar3^ The Rev. Joseph Ma3-ou sailed from 
 New- York in December, 1858, and reached Arcot on the Tth da)"^ of April, 
 1859. Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, Jr., sailed from Boston in Dec, 1859, and 
 arrived at Arcot in April, 1860. The Rev. Silas D. Scudder, M.D., joined the 
 mission in Dec. 18G0, and Rev. John Scudder during the summer of 18G1. 
 
 The Rev. Andrew Sawyer was ordained as the first native pastor, early 
 in the year 1859. The Rev. Zechariah John wa= ordained to the gospel 
 niinistr}'- in 1SG7, and the same year the Rev. S. Ettirajooloo was received, 
 by letter, as a member of the Classis. 
 
 In Dec, 1859, Rev. Joseph Scudder and wife were compelled bj' continued 
 ill health to return to this countr3^ Miss Louisa Scudder married and left 
 the service of the mission, but, continuing to reside in India, has rendered 
 valuable assistance on many occasions. The health of Rev. Henry M. Scud- 
 der, D.D., became so seriously impaired that he was declared incapacitated 
 for further service in India, and was directed by the physicians to leave the 
 country in 1864. This was a great loss to the mission. 
 
 The progress of this mission will also appear from a comparison of the 
 statistics of 1857 with those of 1808. The reports rendered were as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Dec. 31, 1857. Force. — 6 Missionaries, 7 assistant missionaries, 10 na- 
 tive helpers. 
 
 Churches. — 5, namelv, Vellore, Arcot, Chittoor, Arnee, Coonoor. 
 
 Communicants. — Vellore, 42 ; received during the year, 23. Arcot, 8, 
 Chittoor, 46 ; received during the year, 6. Arnee, 9. Coonoor, 20. Total 
 125. The Christian communitj'', consisting of thos£ who had renounced 
 heathenism and accepted Christianity, although not converts, numbered 
 302 souls. 
 
 Schools. — 1-, attended by 87 pupils. 
 
 Dec. 31, 1868. Force. — 7 Missionaries, 7 assistant missionaries, 3 native 
 pastors, 18 native catechists, 11 assistant catecbists, 16 readers, 31 school 
 teachers — one a woman. 
 
 Churches. — 14; out-stations, 25. Communicants, 534 ; received during 
 the year, 95. Christian communit}', 2094. 
 
 Schools. — About 24, having 393 pupils. 
 
 Seminaries. — 2 ; one containing 47 boys, the other, 46 girls. A preparandi 
 
390 THE BOARDS. 
 
 class was also under instruction, including 26 scholars. This class is com- 
 posed of young persons, old enough to judge for themselves, who have re- 
 nounced idolatry and are seeking religious instruction. The class prepares 
 them for the seminary. The contributions of the churches for religious and 
 benevolent purposes amounted to about 3500 rupees, equal to $1750 in 
 gold. 
 
 By means of tours into the outlying country, and by the visitation of 
 the villages near the stations, the Gospel was preached to over 200,000 
 souls during 1868. 
 
 The mission has been greatly prospered, and has advanced rapidly in all 
 the departments of its noble work. During the past four years commodi- 
 ous buildings have been erected for the Girls' Seminary at Chittoor, and for 
 the Arcot Seminary for boys at Vellore. 
 
 The hospital and dispensary at Arcot, under the care of Rev. S. D. Scud- 
 der, M.D., furnished medical treatment for 21,000 out-patients and 12,000 
 in-patients during 1868. The average number of patients each day was 
 over 90. To these and the friends who accompanied them, and to visitors 
 from the vicinity, the word of life has been preached every morning. Bible 
 readers have also visited the wards each day, and often twice a day. The 
 institution has won the confidence of the government, which appropriates 
 172 rupees a month toward its support. 
 
 The Japan Mission. — When in 1858 the empire of Japan was opened to 
 foreign commerce, and foreigners were allowed to reside at Kanagawa, let- 
 ters were received by the Board of Foreign Missions, from Christians of 
 rarious denominations, who had visited the Island of Nipon or made it 
 their residence, and from Christians of various denominations in the Uni- 
 ted States, urging that as the Japanese had long been friendly to Hollan- 
 ders, and had now become well disposed toward the Americans, the Re- 
 formed Church of America, representing both Hollanders and Americans, 
 M-as above all others the church to carry the Gospel to this nation of thirty 
 millions of souls. In obedience to the opinion of Christendom, the Board 
 began seriously to consider its duty in this matter. The subject was pre- 
 sented at the monthly concert held in February, 1859, in the South Church 
 corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty-first street, New-York City, when one 
 of the elders engaged to give $800 annually for the support of a missionary 
 in Japan, and another followed with a similar promise, and the Church, as a 
 church, resolved to provide annually for the support of a third missionary. 
 These offers were thankfully accepted by the Board, which proceeded at 
 once to find the men who would undertake a work so serious in its nature 
 and so likely to be unsuccessful for many years. 
 
 The Rev. S. R. Brown, D.D., the pastor of the church of Owasco Outlet, 
 oflfered his services. They were gladly accepted, for Dr. Brown had been 
 at a previous time for many years a missionary in China. Mr. Guido F. 
 Verbeck, a student in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Auburn, 
 also requested to be sent to Japan. This was an offer not to be refused ; for 
 
THE BOARDS. 391 
 
 Mr. Yerbcck, besides being unusually qualified by natural abilities, educa- 
 tion, and experience for such work, was also able to talk the language of 
 Holland, which some of the Japanese had learned to converse in. D. Sim- 
 mons, M.D., a young physician of Williamsburgh, connected with the Re- 
 formed Church under the pastoral care of Rev. E. S. Porter, D.D., requested 
 to be sent as a medical missionary. These brethren, with their wives, and 
 the daughter of Dr. Brown, and accompanied by Miss Caroline E. Adriancc, 
 sailed from New-York on the 7th of May, 18.j9, and reached Kanagawa on 
 November 1st. The Rev. James II. Ballagh joined the mission in 1802. 
 
 Dr. Simmons and wife resigned their commissions in the fall of 1860. 
 Miss Adriance, who went out as a volunteer, paying her own expenses, not 
 finding the opportunity she desired to instruct her own sex, sailed for 
 Amoy, where she was appointed an assistant missionaiy, and where she 
 died in 1863. 
 
 Rev. Henry Stout was commissioned in the fall of 18G8, and reached 
 Nagasaki in March, 1869. 
 
 Revs. S. R. Brown, D.D., and J. H. Ballagh have been located at Yoko- 
 hama. Revs. G. F. Yerbeck and Henry Stout, at Nagasaki. 
 
 At both of these stations the missionaries have been engaged in teaching 
 in the government schools. Hundreds of young men belonging to the mili- 
 tary or official class have been under their instruction. A considerable 
 knowledge of Scriptural truth has been imparted to them. By means of 
 the sale and gratuitous distribution of thousands of copies of the Bible and 
 New Testament in Chinese, and Christian books and tracts, manj' men in 
 various portions of the empire have become acquainted with the ti'uth. 
 Many inquirers, apparently sincere, have visited the stations. Some men 
 of influence have been baptized, and admitted to the fellowship of the 
 church of Christ. 
 
 The translation of the Word of God has occupied much of the time of 
 the mission. The brethren, at the beginning of 1866, had made, indepen- 
 dently, versions of the Gospels and some other portions of the Scriptures, 
 but by fires occurring during that and the following year these manuscripts, 
 the products of protracted labor, were consumed. Since then a transla- 
 tion of the Gospel according to Matthew has been completed by the concur- 
 rent action of the missions of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches, 
 and is nearly ready for the press. 
 
 Although the law of Japan forbids any of its subjects to become Chris- 
 tians under penalty of death, yet no restriction has been put upon our work, 
 and no man expressing Christian sentiments has been at all molested. 
 
 Rev. J. II. Ballagh, in August, 1866, began a public Sabbath service in 
 Japanese. His practice has been to read a portion of Scripture and ex- 
 pound it, at the same time hearing and answering questions, the service 
 beginning and closing with devotional exercises. The average attendance 
 has been twenty persons. 
 
392 THE BOAEDS. 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 In closing this review it is proper to notice the growth of Hberality in 
 the Church at home. From 1800 to 1810 there were contributed from two 
 to three hundred pounds sterling, (£2-300,) each year, by the churches con- 
 nected with the New-York and the Northern Missionary Societies. While 
 connected with the American Board, the denomination gave, in 1833, $2106 ; 
 in 1843, $8748 ; in 1853, $10,957 ; and in 1856-7, the last year of this rela- 
 tion, about $13,000. For the first year after the separation, the gifts of the 
 churches from September, 1857, to June 1st, 1858, were $16,000; for the 
 year ending on April 30th, 1860, they M^ere $33,000; for the year 
 closing in 18G5, they were $80,000. For the year that has just closed 
 the denomination has given $81,000 ; of this $3000 has been received from 
 legacies, and $2000 from interest on the security funds. 
 
 By the gift of James Suydam, Esq., the Board was furnished with a 
 security fund of $10,000. To this, "Warren Ackerman, Esq., added $10,000, 
 By appropriating the bequest of William Mandeville, Esq., of New-York 
 City, amounting to $5000, to the same fund, and by additions made by 
 resolution of the Board from the ordinary receipts, the security funds 
 have reached a total of $30,000. J. M. F. 
 
THE WIDOWS' FUND." 
 
 The delegates from the Classes of New-York and Kingston were directed 
 in 1773 to urge upon Synod the propriety of establishing a fund for the re- 
 lief of clerical widows and orphans. Sy'nod requested Dr. Livingston to 
 draw up a plan, and report the following year. He, however, then only re- 
 ported progress; but, in 1775, read a plan for a royal charter, which was 
 approved by Synod, and measures were taken to obtain such charter from 
 the provincial governments of Xew-York and New-Jersey, (the Synod yet 
 having no corporate legal existence.) 
 
 The revolution, however, put an entire stop to the whole business, and 
 it was not till twelve years later (17S7) that further action was taken on 
 the matter. A report was made the following yes^r, and a plan was pro- 
 posed, and measures to secure a charter were taken — the delinquent Classes 
 of Hackensack and New-Brunswick, in the mean time, being directed to in- 
 sert "Widows' Fund" in the list of their lemmata, the other Classes hav- 
 ing already done so. But the subject, after this, remained in an entirely 
 dormant condition for twenty years. No action whatever was taken by 
 General Synod after this till 1809, when the Particular Synod of New-York 
 sent up a request concerning the matter, and a plan for a Widows' Fund. 
 This plan General Synod indorsed, and recommended to ministers and 
 others of the Reformed Dutch Church, and here again the matter for a time 
 reposed. 
 
 The Particular Synod of New-York, however, continued to agitate the 
 matter, and, in 1813, again requested General Synod to put in operation, as 
 soon as practicable, some plan of a Widows' Fund. A committee was 
 accordingly appointed, consisting of Revs. Bradford, Cuyler, AVestbrook, 
 and Gosman, and Elder Abram Van Yechten, to devise and initiate a plan. 
 A plan is accordingly found in the minutes of 1814, consisting of thirteen 
 articles. The committee state that it w'as no slight task to form an equita- 
 ble plan of such a fund, but they had been greatly guided by the laws of a 
 similar society in the Episcopal Church. The plan stated, in brief, that 
 there could be three classes of members to said fund, according as they 
 paid $10, $20, or $30 annually, to be benefited accordingly, and that these 
 subscriptions, together with all donations and legacies, should go to consti- 
 tute a permanent fund, the income of which, when not required, should 
 swell the principal. The annuities should be five times the sum of all the 
 annual contributions, provided this were possible; if not, in a pro-rata pro- 
 portion among the members ; but never should an annuity exceed $750. 
 
394 THE widows' fund. 
 
 If only five premiums had been paid, then the beneficiary should receive 
 ten per cent on the amount actually contributed, but only for thirteen years. 
 If more than five or less than fifteen premiums had been paid, the annuitant 
 should onlj' receive half dividend, until the other half should make up the 
 equivalent of fifteen full premiums — the latter number making one a full 
 member of the fund. 
 
 Any brother who should marry a second time should pay one extra pre- 
 mium. A clerical widow, remarrying, should receive thereafter only half 
 the annuity to which she was previously entitled. A. motherless child, or 
 children, should receive the complete annuity for thirteen years, or a final 
 and equitable settlement could be made in place of annuities, if desired. Con- 
 gregations could pay the premiums for their ministers, and clergymen of 
 other denominations could belong to the fund. 
 
 The Synod of 1814 confirmed this plan as the basis of the Widows' 
 Fund. 
 
 But after this foundation was laid, a long Sabbath ensued. The matter is 
 barely referred to in 1816. In 1822, a committee was appointed, consisting of 
 Revs. C. C. Cuyler, R. Bronk, and Elder Christian Miller, to investigate anew 
 the matter of the Widows' Fund, and report in 1823. They were not ready. 
 They were discharged, and another committee appointed in their place, consist- 
 ing of Messrs. Jas. A. Hardenbergh, A. Van Nest, and Peter Sharpe. This 
 committee made no report from year to year, though continued for seven 
 years, and in 1830 they were discharged and no further action taken, and 
 the subject remained in abeyance till 1835. In this year, the Classis of 
 Montgomery recommended their churches to raise a fund for disabled min- 
 isters or their widows, and the Particular Synod of Albany noticed the mat- 
 ter, and referred it to General Synod. The subject was by them referred 
 to a special committee, consisting of Revs. Jacob Schoonmaker, James 
 Murphy, John H. Bevier, and Elders Isaac Roosevelt and Benjamin Wood. 
 They reported to refer the whole matter to the Board of Direction of Cor- 
 poration, and that Revs. James Murphy, Andrew Yates, and Thomas M. 
 Strong be associated with said Board, and that they report at the next 
 Synod. But at the time specified, no report was received, and the commit- 
 tee was discharged. A special committee was then appointed, consisting of 
 Revs. James Murphy, Cornelius Bogardus, and Elder P. D. Vroom, who made 
 a report at the same session, (1836,) which was accepted, but final action 
 deferred till the next year ; the report in the mean time to be published in 
 the Ghristian Intelligencer^ (which was done in January, 1837,) and the seve- 
 ral Classes were asked to give particular attention to it, and to express their 
 opinions about it. The Board of Direction were also asked to take charge 
 of the fund, to which they agreed. 
 
 In the Particular Synod of Albany, some of the Classes approved the 
 plan completely, and some partially. In the Particular Synod of New- 
 York, the Classes of Bergen, Paramus, and Poughkeepsie urged the mat- 
 ter on, the other Classes either having neglected to take action, or declining 
 to express an opinion. 
 
THE widows' fund. 395 
 
 General Synod, (1837,) after hearing these proceedings of Classes, referred 
 the whole matter to a committee, consisting of Revs. James Murphy, Edwin 
 Holmes, and Isaac M. Fisher, and Elders llutton and Thompson, who re- 
 ported at the same session : 
 
 "That the clergj'mcn now present he invited to sign a memorandum, 
 promising to pay, within the year, $30 for the establishment of such a fund. 
 That the churches take up collections about the first Sabbath in October 
 next for this cause." 
 
 Committees were also appointed to solicit contributions in the different 
 cities. Each Classis was directed to appoint a connnittce for a similar pur- 
 pose, and that their duties be done without delay ; and that the Board of 
 Direction digest the plan more fully, and frame by-laws, and that explana- 
 tory circulars be sent to the churches. Twelve clergymen at once paid the 
 amount, making $240. 
 
 During the first year, premiums and donations amounted to $05(3.32. 
 
 The circular which was sent to tlie churches (see p. lOS, session 1838) 
 explained the plan and objects of the fund. It was to be under control of 
 General Synod. A payment of $20 annually secured an interest in the 
 fund, which should become available to applicants after it had reached 
 $10,000, after which premiums and donations could be considered in- 
 come, if so desired. The maximum allowance to disabled ministers or 
 their widows should be $200 per annum, or to their children, if wholly or- 
 phans, $75 per annum each, till sixteen years of age. If the funds warrant, 
 the maximum may be increased — the whole income, be it more or less, to be 
 divided, pro rata, among the applicants. Five premiums, however, must 
 have been paid to entitle one to the maximum ; if not so many, the benefit 
 to be in due proportion. Failure to pay the premiums forfeits .the member- 
 ship in the fund; the marriage of a widow forfeits her claims, but not the 
 claims of the children under sixteen, who shall receive as if full orphans. 
 
 The committee appointed to solicit contributions reported that, on account 
 of the financial embarrassments of the times, (1837,) they had not thought 
 it wise to proceed. Synod directed that the circular of the Board of Direc- 
 tion be read in the churches before the collection. Consistories were ex- 
 horted to make their pastors members by an annual contribution, (1839.) 
 But few ministers, however, subscribed; comparatively few contributions 
 were received, and but few Classes were heard from. The Board of Cor- 
 poration say in their report that they can not speak on this subject with- 
 out pain, considering the importance of the fund, as it disappointed expec- 
 tations. One Classis (that of Schoharie) at the same time asked Synod to 
 make some provision by which poor ministers may become members of the 
 fund. Synod at this time appointed a standing committee consisting of 
 Revs. Murphy, Kittle, and Zabriskie, and Elders Heyr and Houston, to be 
 called the Committee on the Widows' Fund. During the then session, they 
 examined into its condition and prospects, and reported encouragingl3\ 
 Two years had produced a fund of three thousand one hundred and fifty- 
 five dollars and twenty-one cents. The committee at once requested in 
 
396 THE WIDOWS FUND. 
 
 their report that the Board of Corporation prepare their by-laws and sug- 
 gestions, and that the whole plan be published in an appendix to the minutes 
 of Sj^nod. A modification of the plan was also adopted, permitting breth- 
 ren to withdraw their premiums without interest if they desired. The sys- 
 tem of Classical agencies was also proposed, and the Consistories were 
 directed to endeavor to keep their pastors members of this fund. The min- 
 isters present were entreated at once to become members by payment in 
 cash, or by giving their notes. The plan, as now amended, is accordingly 
 found in an appendix to the minutes of 1839. 
 
 The accumulation was still ver3r slow. Up to June, 1840, only $5000 
 had been obtained. Many of those who had originally promised had not 
 met their pledges. In 1841, it stood at $6009 ; in 1842, at $7550; in 1843, 
 at $8733 ; in 1844, at $9800. Great complaint was made that many of the 
 original subscribers could not yet receive any benefit through the apathy of 
 others. Five and ten dollar subscriptions were now allowed, with benefit 
 accordingly. In June, 1845, the fund for the first time became available. 
 It was now stipulated that, if any withdrew the premiums paid, i'' ■should 
 be taken from the income, and not the principal. Eight years h-a been 
 consumed in reaching $10,000, and only seven churches had taken up col- 
 lections. The treasurer was henceforth allowed $150 per annum for taking 
 care of the Widows' Fund. During the first year in which it was availa- 
 ble, there were paid $1100 as annuities from its income and collections, to 
 be considered as income. 
 
 They now proposed and made an effort to double the fund during the 
 years 1846-7, and circulars were sent accordingly to all the ministers, and 
 an agent was appointed ; but this hope was not realized till eighteen years 
 after, namely, in 1864, when it stood at $20,539. The amended plan was 
 published in minutes of 1846. In 1849, there were sixty-seven subscribers 
 and seven annuitants. Six subscribers about this time withdrew their pre- 
 miums paid, amounting to $560, which greatly reduced the annuities. The 
 Board of Corporation made lamentable reports of the slow progress of the 
 fund. They suggest that there must be some radical objection to it. They 
 had reported their confidence in it every year, till every body had seemed to 
 lose confidence. Synod requested again that Consistories should make their 
 pastors members. 
 
 In 1855, the Sustentation Fund was started, as a collateral aid to the 
 Widows' Fund, for those ministers in their old age or infirmities who had 
 not been able to pay the twenty dollars premium to the Widow's Fund. 
 The widows of such could also receive aid from it. Its moneys were to be 
 deposited with the New- York Life Insurance and Trust Company, or to be 
 safely invested elsewhere. It was under the same officers as the AVidows' 
 Fund, who, moreover, stated their fears that the latter would be injured in 
 its prospects thereby. 
 
 In 1860, by the withdrawal of premiums, the annuities were reduced to 
 almost nothing, and the same difficulties continued for two or three years. 
 And when at length some radical modifications were proposed, a panic was 
 
THE AVJDOWS' FUND. 397 
 
 created, and so manj- withdrew tlic premiums paid that in ISOi no annui- 
 ties were received by the nienibors, to the great distress of nianj'. At last, 
 the modified plan proposed bj- Mr. Jewett, of Poughkecpsie, was approved 
 b}' all the members, and is the present plan, and hardlj^ liable to any future 
 modifications, having reached a comparative degree of perfection. Premi- 
 ums of $20, $10, or $5 annually make a clergyman a member with corre- 
 sponding benefit, interest to be required if payments be protracted more than 
 six months; neglect for a whole year to be a forfeiture of privilege. An 
 amount yielding, $20, $10, or $5 interest a year may be paid at once, and 
 at death of part}-, heirs may be entitled to the benefit of the fund, and also 
 to withdraw the principal advanced. ^Members may now withdraw only 
 seventy-five per cent of premiums paid, if they wish their membership to 
 cease, and then only after nine months' notice, provided also that the whole 
 number of such applicants shall not be entitled to receive an amount great- 
 er than half the income of the fund in any one year. A principal sum, 
 however, may be wholly withdrawn after due notice. Half of the jannual 
 premiums and collections shall go to the income, and half to the principal. 
 At least five annual premiums must have been paid to entitle one to the 
 maximum dividend. If not five, the dividend to be in proportion. A 
 widow marrying forfeits her claim, but the children under sixteen do not. 
 These general provisions and modifications, which are also undoubted im- 
 provements, place this fund on a foundation better than ever before. It 
 secures large annuities not only by a more rapidly increasing capital, but 
 also prevents those sudden panics, which once reduced the annuity to noth- 
 ing, when the full amount of the premiums might be taken from the income. 
 The capital of this fund now amounts to nearly $30,000. 
 
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