THE NEW TESTAMBNTi NEWLY TEANSLATED [FEOM THE GKEEK TEXT OF TBEGELLE8] AND CRITICALLY EMPHASISED, WITH AN rSTEODUCTION AND OCCASIONAL NOTES. BT JOSEPH B. ROTHERHAM. SECOND EDITION, REVISED. Multx terricolis linguEe, coeleBtibus nna. LONDON: SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SOXS. New Yoek: JOHN WILEY AND SONS. 1878. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. The special features of this New Testament may best be iiiidei'stood from a short statement of the design with wliich it was originally executed and is now again sent fortli. The translator had been favoured to become acquainted with a class of Bible readers who were anxious aliove all things to get as near as possible to the simple, Apostolic (as distinguished from tlie mediajval or modern) point of view from which to study the Christian Scriptures; and who were able, he believed, to use with thoughtfulncss and care some more suitable means to this end tlian any public version, liowever excellent, could in the nature of things be. His purpose was to aid such readers as these. It naturally grew out of this design, to translate from a purer Greek Text than the so-called Received; and further to adopt a style of Translation closer and less traditional than would othci-wise have been proper. The fact that the now lamented Dr. S. P. Tregelles had devoted a life-time of faithful toil to the establishment of a Greek Text upon ancient authorities alone, led to the selection of his Text, in preference to that of Sclinlz, Tisch- endorf, or any other scholar, as Ijeing wholly congenial with the special object the translator had in view; and, having made this choice, it was the plainest dictate of respect for the judgment of this distinguished scholar to follow his guidance implicitly iu all matters affecting the exact wording of the Sacred Original. It is important, however, to bear well in mind the clear distinction between Greek readings and English renderings. It is one thing to determine what Greek ought to be jireferred, and manifestly quite another to settle and apply the principles on which, when chosen, it shall for any given purpose be represented in English. This distinction precisely indicates ■where relative responsibility begins and ends. In the present case, the translator was glad to feel no responsibility whatever as to the Greek Text, beyond that of deciding what Editor to follow ; but, on the other hand, the entire responsibility of conceiving and executing this version rests on the translator alone. It would be unjust to allow it to be supposed that either Dr. Tregelles or liis friends were in any way concerned in the production of this work, especially seeing that, while extremely literal, it departs considerably from tlie beaten track. It is ti-ue that some of the most striking results discoverable iu the following pages are directly owing to variations iu the original ; but, more often than not, it is the reverse, and the difference is due to the individual judgment of the translator in dealing with the text before him and resorting for the sake of exactness to unwonted forms of rendering. This last statement reminds the translator of tlie weight of his own IV PREFACE. burden, from whicli, lie now takes leave to say, he has seen no good cause to shrink. He intended from the first to go considerably beyond merely ^ving the results of what is commonly termed textual criticism. He sought to give distinct help to such as wished to come to the Apostolic Writings with as little conventionalism as possible. His conviction that there was such a class, sufficiently large to claim regard, has been happily confirmed by the acceptance given to this work. From the scholar, using it for comjjarison in his own reading of the original ; from the missionary, giving it welcome as a help among the heathen ; i'loia the village preacher, telling of the flood of light thrown by it on the Good News of God as set forth in the great Epistle to the Komans ; even from the humble country- woman, begging to have it read to her again and again ; from these and such as these have testimonies come, proving that the translator's labour has not been altogether in vain. It is simple gratitude to say this. A suitable return has been attempted in the improvements introduced into this second edition. The entii'e text of the translation has been subjected to a careful revision ; and the idiom has been cautiously softened, here and there, where it could be done without matei-ial loss of exactness. In cases of importance, the readings of the Sinai MS. have been given, at the foot, throughout the Gospels ; as this part of the Greek Text had not, when printed, received the advantage of a comparison with this famous and venerable copy. A collation of the results previously arrived at with the Sinai readings will interest many. As the Greek Editor had sometimes set down one reading in his text and another in his margin, in deference to nearly a balance of evidence, it was felt to be more scrui^ulously fair to him to give some indication of this fact in translation. Accordingly a selection of such " alternative readings " will here be found, although of course only in English. In no case has any attempt been made to show wliat the evidence is for or against text or margin. Results only have been dealt with : it appeared best to say precisely how. Various minor improvements introduced into this Edition will be obvious at a glance ; such as the greater neatness of the underscored lines, the addition of a series of select references, and the division of the Gospels and Acts into sections with headings and parallels. The Epistles have been left unbroken, inviting repeated perusal from end to end at a sitting. Finally, the Introduction has been wholly rewritten, to adapt it to wider and more practical usefulness. Containing now the pith of the scattered notes on Emphasis given in the First Edition, room has been made for the references and for some additional notes. The critical explanations attached to the new Introduction will make plain to the Scholar the exact principles on which this Tianslation has been emphasised, and the slight modifications which further study has induced. LosDOJf, 1878. PBINCBTON THEOLOGIG&L. INTRODUCTIOlSr. OF EMPHASIS" As indicated hy the Idiom of the Greek New Testament, and preserved in this Translation. § 1. No one that has noticed how much every writer of point and 6re discovers these qualities by the mere way in which he puts his words together, will be absolutely incredulous when told, that the Apostles and Evangelists have, to a large extent, emphasised their own writings simply by the style in which they composed them. He that would ask doubtfully, whether such men as the writers of the Kew Testament could write Greek emphatically, might very well go a step further, and get rid of his doubt by asking, whether they could write Greek at all. Once admit that those Authors could express themselves with general discrimination and propriety, and it would be unreason- able to deny them the ability to give edge and force to their composi- tions. If the question were one of antecedent probability, then it might be worth while to remember, in general, that language is an instrument made ready to the hand of him who employs it; and, in particular, that the writers of the New Testament had, in their own venerable Hebrew, a tongue in which a simple, yet ready and forcible emphasis, was a marked characteristic. But it is rather late in the day to entertain serious doubts on this subject, when expositors of such high order as i\Ieyer and ]Morison — to name no others — have set the example of paying constant regard to the emphases of Apostolic sentences, with a view to determine their exact meaning. § 2. The most natural method of discussing the emphasis of the New Testament would be, to go at once to the root of the matter; and . ♦ " E'ipliasis "(K'scrihes (d tlie ear tlie course of the niinci above the discourse, oiiH its sevenil strokes ore, as it were, tlie aiulible footsteps of the Tniitcrs miin-ii. \\*iMu>nt ir. laii. gujige Hould form a crude, lifeless mass of sound."— PliOFiiSSOli iluPFELD, "Bhj thui aud Accentuation," Jitbliuiheca tSacra, 18ti7, p. 2. VI INTRODUCTION. begin by explaining those laws of composition, by tlie observance of whicii, the sacred writers have guided us to the words on which special stress i^o be laid. But, for the sake of being able to give examples as we go along a slight modification of this order of inquiry will be expedient. Oar course may be laid out by the following questions : — I. How is emphasis shewn in this Translation? II. How discovered in the Original? III. How should it be rendered by the living voice? IV. How interpreted to the mind? I. HOW IS EMPHASIS SHEWN IN THIS TKANSLATION? § 3. The idea was entertained of shewing, by artificial signs (in this second edition) all the emphasis discoverable in the structure of the Original. This idea had to be given up. It was found that so much would require to be marked as to make it too continuous and urgent to be pleasing. Besides, too much help is to be deprecated. The attempt to force everything on every mind must prove abortive. Quite enough of emphasis is artificially marked in the following Translation. Those who can appropriate more can find it for themselves, if the}' will only observe, that many words and clauses have been, in translating, simply placed in the same prominent position which they occupy in the original — a position so conspicuous, and so essentially emphatic, as really not to need any formal pointing out. By generally leaving such instances to speak for thetnselves," and reserving his typographical appliances for cases of need (sufficiently numerous) the Translator now offers a more complete guide to the certified emphasis of the Original than was attempted in the first edition. § 4. Prominent words and clauses. — 'Hicse will speak for themselves, by the mere force of their position in the sentence. They are either so prominent by conspicuous priority of arrangement as necessarily to arrest the eye and the mind ; or, although not so greatly preplaccd, are yet in an order sufficiently inverted to require some stress, in order to preserve the balance and flow of the sentence. Examples. " By no means least art thou." Mat. ii. 6. Every one can feel the advantage given by this arrangement to the words " by no " Tlie EXCEPTIONS ore cliiefly llie following:— (1) To avoid unpleasant irreriulariiy ; as, wlien one woril or plirase liiis rcouiri-d innrliinR. anollier iieai' it, w lio-e empliuf is niiulit luive been inf'erri'ii from its posilion laone, has also been marked (or the suke of an agreeable uni- formity. (2) I'o summon the reader's special attention ; as if a guide flioiild step forward, and, pomliiig to a beauty which though visible jel miglit be overlooked, should say,— "0( course you see thatl" OF EJIPHASIS. Vli moans l('ast." " Tlie Lord tliy God tliou slialt worsliip." Lii. iv. 8. Note tlic object of worship by inversion set first. " And, from amongst you yourselves, will arise men, speaking distorted tilings." Ac. xx. 30. Tlie origin of tlicse men is made empliatically prominent in tlie sentence. " Whence, to us, in a wilderness, loaves in such nuinbcrs as to fill a multitude so great?" Mat. xv. 33. The opening words, "Whence, to us, in a wilderness," crest the wave as it comes rolling in upon the shore. " But this I say, brethren." 1 Co. sv. 50. The place of the word "this" makes it incisive. " For in part are we getting to know, and in part are we prophesying." 1 Co. xiii. 9. The words " in part " attract the tone in both clauses by their arresting priority. § 5. TijpographicaJ signs. — These liave been simplified to the utmost. It is scarcely too much to say that, even without a word of explana- tion, they cannot be misunderstood. — The pronouns in ISIacfe ItttCV alone are a little peculiar. Owing to the special Greek idiom out of which they spring, they possess an independence, as single words, tliat makes it desirable to isolate them, which could not easily be done with- out using some peculiarity of type. This, indeed, affords the best clue to their effect in the sentence. They have an independent emphasis, generally bold, not infrequently charged with feeling. They may in most cases be uttered with something of the vigour which their appear- ance would seem to demand. — For the rest, the way is quite plain. All emphasis is relative: relative llierefore are its degrees. This has been kept in mind in the adjustment of the lines; one being regarded as generally sufficient, and two being resorted to either (1) to shew an emphasis resting upon an emphasis, as of a word in a clause; or (2) to give effect to an unusually bold Inversion in the original. Examples. " To whom God willed to make known, what the riches of the glory of this mystery." Col. i. 27. The verb " willed" here should turn the balance: it is the interested desire of the Divine mind that takes the lead. The slightest extra force thrown on the veib, lights up the passage with a new beauty. " In order that their hearts rnay be consoled." Col. ii. 2. Here the emphasis is not on the word " hearts," as if there were some contrast implied between, for example, "heart" and "mouth;" but the expression should turn lovingly in favour of the verb " may be consoled," — as much as to say, might no more be torn with passion, or burdened with guilt, or overmuch cast down with sorrow, but " might be consoled." " As that the day of Vlll INTKODUCTION. the Lord lias sot in.' 2 Thes. ii. 2. Here the question is, whether the day of the Lord has actually "set in," or is still in the future: the point lies in the verb. " Foods, which God created for reception with thanksgiving," 1 Ti. iv. 3, however men or demons may forbid them. " If we believe that Jesus died and arose." 1 Thes. iv.^ 14. By laying a tolerably firm (though by no means heavy) stress on tlie word " Jesus," the mind is awakened to hear of others than Jesus dying and rising again. " Because the Lord himself, with a word of command, . . . will descend." 1 Thes. iv. 16. The person who will descend being already firmly emphasised, a little extra stress is required to shew that he who will descend will not do so by deputy or other- wise, but will HIMSELF come down. This is seen in the Greek. " 1 got to know thee that thou art a hard man." Mat. xxv. 24. We can fancy we see and hear the bad servant, with determined emphasis grinding out the false word. NoMiNATivK Personal Pronouns. " For I, through law, unto law died; that unto God I might live. In conjunction with Christ I have become crucified; nay, living no longer am I, but living in me is Christ." Gal. ii. 19, 20. This profoundly significant passage is full of .emphasis. Note, just now, that the pronoun " I" occurs four times: first time and fourth, emphatic; second and third, not so. Read them thus, and see what life-like vigour and variety are secured. Frequently the pronoun appearing in this type is so expressive as to convey all that wte mean by " I myself," " he himself" Thus : — " For i)t will save his people from their sins," that is, " he himself" will do it. Mat. i. 21. Or else, by two such pronouns, two persons are boldly contrasted with each other : " But tf)Ott, be sober in all things. . . . For 5 forthwith am to be poured out." 2 Ti. iv. 5, 6. Let the stripling gird on his armour: the veteran will soon be off the field. " But t{)OU, [on this side] why art thou judging thy brother? Or even ti)OU, [on the other side, the more enlightened man] why art thou despising thy brother?" Rom. xiv. 10. How full of significance these pronouns are, thus becomes evident. For the law which supplies them, see § 7. II. HOW IS EMPHASIS DISCOVERED IN THE ORIGINAL? §6. First. — By the law of priority. This law can bo easily explained. (1) A certain order of words in the sentence is known to be the customary and common-place. (2) Departure from this order, OP EMPHASIS. IX whether by preplacement or by postponement, is inberciuly adapted to arrest attention, and to indicate emphasis on the words set earlier or later than usual. (3) As a matter of fact it is found that, in the simpler kind of composition, in other words in the larger part of the New Testament, the law of emphatic preplacement prevails to such a degree as to cliaracterise the style and constitute a LOGICAL IDIOM, wliich is at once self-revealing and self-interpreting: proved by what is plain, it guides in what is obscure. (4) Witliin the limits of this idiom, the law of emphatic priority works with sufficient regularity to resolve itself into a little code of by-laws which are found in a note below." Sometimes, however, as might have been expected, the law of empliatic postponemcJit> enforces its claim to be regarded. This it does, either by way of exception, causing (here and tliere throughout tlie New Testament) an occasional reverse movement, and now and then attractiniT an agreeable weight to the close of the sentence ; ' or else it gives birth to a new rule, by entering into such systematic combination with the law of priority as to create a distinctly new- style, a RHETORICAL IDIOM, of which rhytlim is the marked charac- teristic, the inward force of thought and feeling swaying incessantly to and fro willi an ever varying yet constantly measured movement which distributes the stress between the beginnings and endings of clauses and sentences, so that here the earlier and there the later word has emphasis according to its place in the period. This style may, for tlie sake of distinction, be called rhetorical : in point of fact it may be full of logic ; but the firmly-knit joints of thought are adorned and half-concealed by the ample folds of a rich and harmonious expression. The law to which this special idiom gives effect may be set down as the Imo of rhythmically •^ The law oomes into foi-ce in the following cases:— (1) Adjectives bi'fore their nouns; (2) Genitive and Dative Pronouns before the nouns with which they are construed; (3) Genitive, Dative, iinif Accusntive nonns before the verbs that govern them ; (4) Adverbs before the verbs ihey qualify : — the reverse, in all these instances, being tlie onlintiry arrange- ment. Besides tliese:— (5) Nominatives before their verbs; and (6) Verbs before their nominatives, are regularly emjihutic ; — with this difference, tliat a leading verb seems occa- sionjUy to lose a little olthe force due to its early position, in consequence of the githeriug energy of wonls awaiting the effect of juxtaposition (§8). The marking of these nominatives at all is a new feature in this Sicoud Edition. In preparing the First Edition, it was thouirht enough that such nouns Id the way in translation, with no diverting emphasis marked on the verb ; but a careful study of Ewakl's admirable remarks on the correspond- ing relation of nominative and verb in Hebrew, and a patient induction of facts in New Testament usage, have resulted in marking all preplacefl nominatives in this Edition as emphatic — it is believed, with the batipiest i-ffect. These nominatives hive_ been taken with their adjuncts as foniiing the logical unit called the "subject," in distinction from the "predicate." Ttie effect of emphasising these "extended subjects." when persons are introduced, or cliaractcr described, is often very fine. Conipiire§ 11. ** Particularly in the Gospel according to John. Compare note p. 230, on The Shii(hm of Ihe Fourth Goxpel. (For the rare use of a grave accent ('), see that note and Juo. 1. 10, 11 ; He. xiii. 5 ; 1 Jiio. iv. 5.) X INTKODUCTION. alteriiatlug pr'writi/ and posteriority. The recognition of id has been found of especial service witliin tlie comparatively runitcd bounds in which it has sway." But when careful allowance has, in thi? way and in others yet to be named, been made for counteracting and disturbing causes, it remains true that the law of simple priority guides to more of the emphasis of the New Testament than does any other. It is quite woith while to observe further, that even where the style is strictly of this simple, logical kind, a closing word may nevertheless be an emphatic word, provided that some special force be at work to make it so; which is the case whenever there falls on it the stress of a vigorous repetition (§ 7), or a striking juxtaposition (§ 8), or an obvious contrast or climax (§ 9). In each of these coincidences the last word will be emphatic, and yet not merely because it is last. And let it be borne in mind that a new clause may be projected with such independent force at the end of a sentence, as to be nearly equal to a new sentence, or the beginning of one. In fcct, it may become a mere question of punctuation, whether the additional words be made to close one period, or to open another. Of this, a rather amusing instance may be given. A reviewer of the first edition of this work, thinking (not, it is frankly admitted, without some truth) that scant justice had been done to the emphasis of postponed words, gave, as a condemnatory example, 1 Co. XV. 32 (A. v.): "If after the manner of men I liave fought with beasts at Ephcsus, what advantageth it nie, if the dead rise not? Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die." Unfortunately for him, he was trusting to traditional punctuation, and had not observed that, in this instance, the punctuation of Tregellcs had been followed, and the words placed thus: "If, in human fashion, I fought with wild beasts in Ephesus, what to me the profit? If the dead are not raised, — 'Lotus eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.'" § 7. Second. — By the law of repetition. That by means of repeti- tion emphasis may be secured is too obvious to require comment. Generally, the repeated words reappear in translation, and with the utmost simplicity and case work out their design. The principle of emphasis by repetition is here noticed chiefly because it furnishes the 1 " This " rhetorical idiom" very strikiiiRly and beautifully characterizes the Epistle to the Hebrews; it distinctly marks tlie SeuoncI Jipistle of t'eter and the Kpistle of Jude; it lierceptibly tiiwes the " Paslorul " Epistles ; aud it has moulded a few seutences (notably the very firsl) in the Third Gospel. OF EMPHASIS. XI pronouns, wliicli figure so conspicuously on the pngcs of tliis Now Testament. As in Latin, so in Greek, tlie verb-endings being equiva- lent to nominative personal pronouns (" I," " thou," etc.), these latter, in tlieir separate form, " are never expressed unless some emphasis is intended " (Donaldson). For examples, sec § 5. — It is true that these pronouns are so numerous in the writings of the Apostle John (a moment's "lance will reveal them), that it has been doubted" whether they can there be regarded as emphatic. It may be, indeed, that their loi'lcal si(i-nificance in John is a little weakened; but it is submitted o o that the right way is to let them appear, leaving their frequency to abate their force some little, if need be. For my own part, the beloved John's Gospel is not his without them: they impart a solemn pathos, which I woidd on no account miss.' S 8. TniUD. — By the low of juxtaposition. Sometimes it happens that by the mere device of setting two words side by side, a very striking effect is produced. It is like the collision of flint and steel, or as the meeting of two thunder-clouds. Occasionally, a foregoing word, which otherwise might have detained the mind, is the more lightly passed by, in consequence of the gathering energy. At other times, there is not so much a loss of the customary advantage of early position, as a beautiful heightening of the whole effect — the gain of priority re- maining, for example, with a preplaced verb, while the force of telling juxtaposition is given to two nouns. That by this and other means, points of emphasis are sometimes multiplied so that a sentence bristles with them, will surprise no one who thinks of the endless modulations of the living voice, as the source from which the enlivenments of written composition spring. " The tone of every word," says Professor Hupfeld, " accords with its logical relation to the whole." "^ Examples (extremely literal, for the moment, to shew the Greek arrangement). " Will deliver up, however, brother brother, and father child; and will rise up, children against parents." Mat. x. 21. " That might become exceedingly sinful, sin, through the commandment." Ro. vii. 13. " Shall it say, the formed to the former." Eo. ix. 20. " That may be swallowed up the mortal by the life." 2 Co. v. 4. " By faith, a fuller sacrifice, Abel than Cain offered." He. xi. 4. Special example (same words emphatic by both position and juxta- " Transhition publislicd by Morrisli. ' See note on The Empfiasi.i of the Pronouns, p. 230. ' " Rbytliiu and Accenlualion," Bibliulheca Sacra, 1867, p. 4. XI! INTRODUCTION. position). " If Satan Satan i* casting out." JIat. xii. 2fi. Satan first time emphatic as leading nominative ; second time as accusative before verb (p. ix., note a); both emphatic by juxtaposition. We therefore heighten the one line to two, well satisfied that the deep meaning will bear it. But, alas! we must lose the arrangement of the Original. Look at the change of case in ho satanas ton satanan, keeping nominative and accusative as clear as they are close ! In the form we are left behind: by the aid of the voice we may nearly overtake the effect. § 9. The above laws are believed to give a pretty full account of idiomatic emphasis ; by which is meant emphasis marked by Greek idiom, that is, by the habit of the language. This limitation should be noticed ; otherwise the Translator may be blamed for not doing what he never dreamt of attempting. He never intended either, on the one hand, to point out what every open eye must see; or, on the other, to give outward form to forces of emphasis so purely internal as to liave stamped no visible mark on the structure of the sacred Original. Enough remains for quick-sightedness to note, or spiritual sagacity to detect and determine. The ready eye will not fail to observe, lying on the surface, the force of such compound icords as " fully know," Mat. xi. 27, 1 Co. xiii. 12, and " tenderly-kiss," Lu. vii. 45; the vigour of the attendant particle in " even the law," 1 Co. ix. 8 ; " I too," 2 Co. xi. 21, 22; the gathering energy of a climax, perhaps deepening the solemnity of the final clause, " But Christ is God's," 1 Co. iii. 23 ; or carrying up to a triumphant summit the crowning alternative, " Nor any other created thing," Eo. viii. 38, .39 ; etc., etc. On the other hand, no right-minded man will presume to anticipate what the reader's sympathetic insight may or may not discover. One will catch a tone of indignant scorn, which others had missed ; another will bring together, across an intervening verse, the elements of an informal but exquisite contrast, which commends itself as soon as mentioned, though by no means lying on the surface. Those who can only with impatience take the hint, that an undefined margin of liberty must needs be given up to the subjectivity of the reader, and ■who may even be so imreasonable as to wish everything done for them or nothing; — all such should remember, that an ocean is not boundless and beyond all knowledge because some creeks on its shores cannot appear on the map ; nor is a photograph a bad one because the colour remains to be laid on by skill of hand. OF EMPHASIS. XIU I [I. HOW SHOULD EMPHASIS BE RENDERED BY THE LIVING VOICE? § 10. First. — JVitli increased force. The extra stress will naturally fall on the accented syllables of words. In tlie case oi individual words, none can very well go wrong; but the method of tliis Kew Testament makes it worth while to say that, in dealing with emphasised groups of words, the same PRINCIPLE should be observed — the greater stress should be laid on the leading words of the group. It would be as clumsy and as absurd to throw an equal pressure on all the words of an emplia'ic group, as it would be to accent all the syllables of an emphatic word. Tasteful grouping is essential to good reading. In the loftiest mountain ranges there are peaks. §11. Second. — With distingidshing pauses. In rendering emphasis, pause is nearly as important as stress, sometimes more so. A slight pause before and after a word or portion of a sentence calls attention to it, and enhances its effect on both ear and mind. In some peculiarly significant passages, pause may be moditied into a sort of audible spacing out of the words, with the happiest result. A good many of the emphasised descriptions of character in this Testament require such a treatment. Compare p. i.x., note a ; and see JMat. vii. 24, 26 ; x. 37-42 ; xix. 29; Ac. X. 1, 2; xvi. 14; Ro. viii. 32; 1 Co. xi. 27; 2 Co. ix. 10. § 12. Third. — Willi altered pitch. Generally, the pitch of an emphasised word should be raised: occasionally, however, when some special feeling seeks expression, it may even be depressed. It is mostly the mountain summit that shews conspicuous in the sunlight: now and then, it is the richly illumined dell that attracts the eye. § 13. Xearly related to emphasis, though not really a part of it, is wjle.rion — the upward or downward bending or sliding of the voice while in the act of pronouncing. As emphasising makes it doubly im- portant to inflect well, just a hint or two may be permitted. In deny- ing, and in raising expectation, the upward inflexion prevails: in affirming, and in satisfying expectation, the downward. Again : Questions, when introduced hy pironouns, die. {\\\\o? when? why? etc.), mostly require the downward inflection: when introduced by verbs (will you? etc.), the upward. Some persons find it hard to bend their voice to order. With perseverance, and a living voice to copy, they will surely succeed. Happily, the schoolmaster is abroad. XIV INTUODUCTION. IV. HOW SHOULD EMPHASIS BE INTERPRETED TO THE MIND? § 14. First. — As revealing the point. It is obviously of much importance to get at the point of a sentence. I\Iiss that, and you miss its meaning. Thus, in reading Hebrews x. 26, to lay the chief stress on " sin," is to misrepresent the passage. It should be read, " If we sin WILFULLY," — " Jf by choice we be sinning," If the ques- tion of our Lord, in Jno. vi. 61, be read: " Does this offend you?" it might almost as well not be read at all: the point is missed, and the meaning lost. It should be read (as the Greek shews), " Does this offend you ?" The synagogue-meeting had broken up ; and the question was addressed to the disciples, ■\\'\i\\ a tone of reproacli that theif should have been so wanting in discernment. Again : it may be confidently affirmed, that according to Ac. i. 6, the Apostles do not ask their Lord whether he will duly establish the kingdom to Israel — that (whether rightly or wrongly) they take for granted; what they do ask, and what alone they ask, is, whether he will do it now. " They presuppose the thing, but enquire after the time" (Bengel). The question for us is, whether the Lord conceded the presupposition. If, in 1 Co. xi. 20, the word "supper" receive the main stress, the meaning of the Apostle will be obscured : it may be emphasised, provided the term " Lord " be still more so. The definite article also, which is not in the Greek, should be set aside, so that the mind may think simply of the quality of the supper: — " It is not to eat a Lord's supper. For each one, his own supper takes," etc. Note how, in 1 Co. x. 1-4, the Apostle heeps the point before his readers by the word " all " five times emphatically repeated. § 15. Second. — As enriching the sense. There are bye-ways as well as high-ways in emphasis. Living simplicity is far removed from dead uniformity: the one shade of blue above, when not veiled by changeful clouds, is at least responded to by innumerable tints of green beneath. The Bible neither harps incessantly on one string, nor speaks always in one tone. It is full of life, and therefore rich in significancies. When our Lord said to the Pharisee, Lu. vii. 44, " I entered into t^iinc house," strongly emphasising the pronoun, how much reproof was conveyed, yet how delicately! Notice how, in Mat. xiii. 18-2.3, after the seed is explained to be the word of the kingdom, when the varying descriptions come in, with their appropriate emphases, the OF THE GREEK ARTICLE. XV undertone of stress on "the word" is maintained, as if to say: With whatever result, it is sometliing to have heard " the word." The reader can muhiply examples at pleasure; and if he will use sobriety and delicacv, he mav derive unmixed profit from the study. & 16. Third. — As expressing the fecUiig. By indulgence, this may take a heading to itself, although perhaps it is only a modification of the idea of the last section. It is plain that indications of feeling in written composition may, if a fitting mode of expression offer itself, be indefinitely multiplied ; since, in the province of the living voice, whose communications it is the primary office of writing to preserve, feelinrr is ever giving colour to the forms projected by the understand- in See Introduction, § 5. ISlack letter shows a special class of emphatic pronouns, j OCCASIONAL SIGNS (RARELY USED). An acute accent (') mai-ks tlic least perceptible stress; and, for the time being, raises the notation to three degrees, thus: first ', second, thjrd. (Romans, Hebrews, 1 John.) A grare accent C ) serves as a mere "brake." to arrest the voice and secure, for the word before it and the word after, a separate and balanced expression, § 6, note b. GOOD TIDINGS ACCORDING TO MATTHEW. § 1. Tlie Lineatje Roll. Lu. ill. 23-38 ; 1 Ch. ii. 1-15 ; iii. 1-19. CH. I. T> OLL of Lineage of Jesus Christ," Son of David, Son -*^ of Abraham. ^Abraham begat °Isaac; and Isaac begat °Jacob; and Jacob begat °Judah and his "brothers; =and Judah begat °Pharez and ''Zaruh of °Thamali; and Phai-ez begat °Hezron ; and Hezron begat °Aram ; ^and Aram begat °Aminadab; and Aminadab begat °Xaason; and Xaason begat "Sahnon ; *and Salmon begat °Boaz of °Kahab; and Boaz begat °Obed of °Rinh ; and Obed bejjat ° Jesse; *and Jesse begat °David the King;* and David begat "Solomon of tlie [wife] of "Uriah; ^and Solomon begat "Rehoboam ; and Rehoboam begat "Abiah; and Abiali begat "Asaph; *and Asaph begat "Jehoshaphat; and Jehoshaphat begat "Joram; and Joram begat "Uzziah; 'and Uzziah begat "Jothan; and Jothan begat "Aliaz; and Ahaz begat "Hezekiali ; '"and llezekiah begat "Manasseh; and Manasseh begat "Amos; . " Or, " Anointed ;" a term to be understood by the types nnd propiiecies found in Ei. xxr. 22-33; 1 Sa. x. 1; xvi. 13; xxiv. 6; Ps. ii. 2; slv.7; Is. xi, 2-5 ; ki. 1-3 ; Da. ix. 25,26; and by tlie great fact staled in Mat. iii. li ; Ac. iv. 2"; x. 38. I'or the intimate relation between tlie anuintini; of tlie Head and that of the body, see Ps. cxxxiii. 3 ; 2 Co. i. 21 ; and I Jno. ii. 20, 27. ' "King" and "kingdom " resound throUi;h this Gospel: ii.2; iv. 17, 23; etc. 2 MATTHEW, I. 11-23. and Amos begat °Joslah; '•and Josiali begat °Jeconiali and his "brothers upon the removal to Babylon. '*And after the removal to Babylon, Jeeoniah begat °Salathiel: and Salathiel begat °Zerubbabel; "and Zerubl)abel begat °Abiud; and Abiud begat °Kliaklm; and Eliakim begat °Azor; '*and Azor begat °Sadock;; and Sadoek begat °Achim; and Acliim begat °Eliud; '^and Eliud begat °Eleazar; and Eleazar begat °Maththan ; and ]Maththan begat °Jacob; '"and Jacob begat "Joseph the luisband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, °\vbo is called Clirist. " So then all the generations from Abraham to David [are] fourteen generations; and, from David to the removal to Babylon, fourteen generations; and, from the removal to Babylon to tlie Christ, fourteen generations. §2. The Birth. "Xow the birth of the Christ was thus: His "mother Mary having been betrotlicd to "Joseph, before they came together she was found with child of Holy Spirit. '''Moreover, Joseph her "husband, being righteous and [yet] not willing to expose her, intended privately to divorce her. ''"But when these things he had pondered, behold ! a messenger" of [the] Lord by dream appeared to him, saying, Joseph, son of David, fear not to take to thee ^lary thy "wife; for "that which in her was begotten is of Holy S|)irit. -' JMorcover, she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call "his name Jesus; for JjC* will save his "people from their "sins. *-But the-whole of this has come to pass that it might be fulfilled "which was spoken by [the] Lord through the prophet," saying, "" Be- hold! the virgin shall be with child, and sliall bring forth a son, and " Lu. i. 11, note. '' He 7(/Hi*f?/'\vill do it; or, He is tlje one! ' Is. vii. 14. MATTHEW, I. 24—11. 13. 3 they will call liis °name Emmanuel," which is, being translated, °God with us." "■•And °-[oseph, awaking from [his] "^sleep, did as the messenger of [the] Lord directed him, and took unto [him] his °wife, '^and knew her not until she brought forth a son,' and he called his °name Jesus. § 3. The Visit of the Wise Men. CH. II. Now, when °Jesus was born in Bethlehem of °Judaea, in days of Herod the king, behold ! wise men from eastern-parts came into Jerusalem, 'saying, Wliere is °he who was born King of the Jews? for we saw his °star in the east, and came to worship him. ^Hearing [it], however, the king, Herod, was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him; ^and, assembling all the High-priests and Scribes of the people, he was inquiring of them. Where is the Christ to be born? 'And °thcy said to him. In Bethlehem of "Judiea; for so has it been written through the prophet," *"And tfjOtt, Bethlehem, land of Judah, By no means least art thou among the governors of Judah ; For out of thee sliall come forth one governing. Who shall shepherd'' my "people "Israel." 'Then Herod, privately calling the wise men, ascertained from them tlie time of the appearing star; *and, sending them into Bethlehem, said, Go search out accurately concerning the child; but, whensoever ye may find [it], bring report to me, that I- too may come and worship it. 'Now °they, hearing the king, went; and, behold! the star wliich they saw in the east was going' before them till it went and stood over where the chifd was. '"Moreover, seeing the star, they rejoiced with very great joy. "And, coming into the house, they saw the child with Mary its "mother; and, falling down, worshipped it; and, open- ing tlieir "treasures, offered unto it gifts — gold and frankincense and myrrh. ''And, being instructed by dream not to return unto Herod, through another way retired they into their "country. § 4. The Flight into Egypt, Return, and Settlement in Nazareth. '^Xow, when tiiey retired, behold! a messenger^ of [the] Lord" by " Giveli, " with 119 God." ' Lu. ii. 7. 21. ' Mi. v. 2. •^ Compare i Sa. v. 2 ; 1 Cli. xi. 2; Pe. xiiii. 1 ; Is. xl. 11 : Eze. xxxiv.-xxxvii, 24; E«. ii. 27; vii. 17. ' That i*. went on mid on, h'Hthng the way : a fine example ol the inipeiTeut teuse. / Lu. i. 11, note. 0 "Jehovah." 4 MATTHEW, II. 14— III. 3. dream appears to "Joseph, saying. Arise ! take unto [thee] the child and it* "mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I may tell thee; for Herod is on the point of seeking the child °to destroy it. '■* And °he, arising, took unto [him] the child and its "mother by night, and retired into Egypt, "and was there until the death of Herod; that it might be fulfilled °\Yhich was spoken by [the] Lord, through the prophet,' saying, " Out of Egypt called I my °son." '®Then Herod, seeing that he was mocked by the wise men, was ex- ceedingly enraged, and sent and slew all the male children °that were in Bethlehem and in all its "^borders, from two-years old and under, according to the time which he ascertained from the wise men. '^Then was fulfilled °that which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet,* saying : "" A voice in Ramah was heard, Weeping and great mourning, Kacliel, weeping for her "children. And was not willing to be comforted, Because they were not." "But °Herod dying, behold ! a messenger of [the] Lord appears by dream to "Joseph in Egypt, ""saying, Arise, and take unio [thee] tlic child and its "mother, and be journeying into [the] land of Israel; for they are dead ' "who were seeking the soul '' of the child. *' And °he, arising, took unto [him] the child and its "mother, and entered into [the] land of Israel. *- Hearing, however, that Archelaus was reigning over "Judsea instead of his "father Herod, he was afraid thither ' to go. And so, being instructed by dream, he retired into the parts of "Galilee, ^'and came and fixed his dwelling in a city called Nazareth, that it might be fulfilled "which was spoken through the prophets : A Xazarene will he be called. § o. The Forerunner, ilar. i. 2-8 ; Lu. iii. 3-17. CH. III. Now, in those "days, comes John the Immerser, proclaiming in the wilderness of "Judaea, 'and saying. Repent ye! for drawn near-'' has the kingdom of the heavens. 'For this is "he who was spoken of through Isaiah' the prophet, saying: " Ho. xi. 1. ' Je. iixi. 15. ' Compare Ex. iv. 19. '' .An idiom not yet naturalized amongst u;", but inipurlHUt as sliewine tlie freoclotii with wliicli the term is used in S»cripture. Compare also. x. 39 ; xri. 23, 26 ; xx. 28 ; Lu. xii. 19, 20, 22, 23 ; Jno. x. 1 1 : xii. 25, ' Deli- cately liintiiig a desire to liaTe gone thither in preference, / cliap. iv. 17, note. ' Is. xL 3. MATTHEW, III. 4— IV. 2 5 " A voice of one crying aload ! — In tlie wildeiiiese prepare ye the way of [the! Loid. Straight make his '^pacits." '* Bat "John bimself had his ^raiment of camel's hair, and a leatheni ginSe aboat his ^loins; while his Hoed was locusts and wild hcMKy. 'Then were soin^r forth onto him Jerusalem and all °Jadaea and ^U the coantiy rooad about the Jordan, ''and were being immersed in the Jordan river by Kim, confesing forth their ^ans. 'Bat seeing many of the Phariaecg and Saddiiceea coming to his °imme3son, he said to them. Broods of ripers '. who suggested to yoa to flee &om the coming wrath ? * Bring forth, therefore, frnit worthy of "repentance; 'and think not to say within yourselves, A father have we, [^even] ^Abraham ! for I ay unto you, that '^God is abl^ oat of these gtoncg to raise np children to ° Abraham. "Already, also, the axe nnto the root of the trees is being laid: every tree, therefore, not bringing forth 5ne frnit is to be hewn down and into fire to be cast. "i, indeed, am immersiDg yoa in water onto repentance; but, °be who after me is coming is mightier than I. whose '^sandals I am not fit to bear: ^ will immerse yoa in Holy Spirit and fire. "Whose °^ is in his °hand, and he will dear out his °thn^ng-floor, and will gather his "wheat into his °gianazy, bat the ehaff will h'e bom up in fire imqueschaUe. ^6. Tie Lmmermm. Mar. L 9-11 ; Lu. iii. 21, 22; Jno. L 33. "Then comes ° Jesus from '^GaHee to the Jordan unto ^John "to be immersed by him. •*Xow, ^John would have hindered him, saying: S have need bv thee to be immersed, and dost C^mi come unto me? " But ° Jesus, answering, said nnto him, Sufi^r Tme} even now ! for thus it is becoming in us to fulfil all tighteooaiess. Thai he sa£^ts him. *^And, being immersed, "Jesus straightway went up from the water; and, behold ! opened to him were the heavens, and he saw the Spirit of '^God descending like a dove and coining apoa him. "^And, bdoldl a voice oat of the heavens, saying. This is my ^Son, the Beloved, in whom I delisted. 5 7. 7^ Temptation, ilar. L 12, 13; Lu. iv. 1-13. CH. IT. Then °Jesiis was led up into the wildemesB by the Spirit to be tpmptfd by the adroauy. *And, lasting forty days and forty 6 MATTHEW, IV. 3-17. nights, afterwards lie hungered. ^And, coming near, the teinpter said to him. If thou art °God's Son, speak ! in order that these °stones be- come loaves. ''But °he, answering, said, It is written," " Xot on bread alone shall °man live, but in every declaration going forth through God's mouth." *Then the adversary takes him wrtli him into the holy city, and placed him upon the pinnacle of the temple, "and says to him. If thou art °God's Son, cast thyself down; for it is written,' "To his °mes- sengers will he give command concerning thee, and on hands will they bear thee up, lest once thou strike against a stone thy °foot." ' °Jesus said to hun, Again it is written," "Thou shalt not tempt [the] Lord thy °God." 'Ag^n the adversary takes him with him into an exceedingly high mountain, and points out to him all the kingdoms of the world and their "^glory, "and said unto him, All these things to thee will I give, if perchance, falling down, thou worship me. '"Then °Jesus says to him, Withdraw ! Satan; for it is written : — ■* " [The] Lord thy °God shalt thou worship, And to him alone render divine service." "Then the adversary leaves him, and, behold! messengers came near and were ministering unto him. §8. Jesus begins in Galilee. I\Iar. i. 14-20; Lu. ir. 15, 16. '-And, hearing that John was delivered up, he retired into °Galilee; "and, forsaking °Xazareth, he came and fixed his dwelling in Caper- naum, °that by-the-lake, in borders of Zebulun and Naphtali, '■'that it might be fulfilled °which was spoken through Isaiah" the prophet, saying : — " " Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali, By way of [the] lake across the Jordan, Galilee of the nations: — '^The people °tliat was sitting in darkness, A great light beheld. And on those sitting in land and shade of death — Light arose on them." "From that time began °Jcsus to proclaim and to say, Repent ye! for drawn near-'^has the kingdom of the heavens. "De.Tiii.a. ' Ps. xci. 11, 12. « De. ri. 16 ; x. 20. * De. vi. 13. ' Is. ix. 1, 2. /chap. iii. 2; X. 7. Since wliat lias "drawn near" may recede, consider chap. xxi. 43; Ac.i. 6; iii. 21. MATTHEW, IV. 18.— V. 6. 7 "And, walking near tlie lake of "Galilee, he saw two brotlicrs, Simon, °who is called Peter, and Andrew his "brother, casting a larc^e fishing net into the lake; for they were fishers. "And he says to them, Come after me, and I will make you fi.-^hers of men. "•'"And °they, straightway leaving the nets, followed liim. ^'And, going forward from thence, he saw other two brothers, James the [son] of °Zebedee and John his "brother, in the boat with Zebedee their "ffither, putting in order their "nets, and lie called them. ^^ And "they, straightway leaving the boat and their "father, followed him. ^'And "Jesus was going roimd in the-whole of "Galilee, teaching in tlieir "synagogues, and proclaiming the joyful message " of the kingdom, and curing every disease and every infirmity among the people. '■^''And forth went the report of him into the-whole of "Syria; and they brought unto hira all "those who were ill, with divers diseases and tortures distressed, demonized and lunatic and paralyzed; and he cured them. -'^And, there followed liim large multitudes from "Galilee and Decapolis and Jerusalem and Judaea and across the Jordan. § 9. The Sermon on the Mount. Lu. vi. 20-23. CH. V. But, seeing the multitudes, he went up into the mountain; and, he taking a seat, his "disciples came unto him. ^And, opening his "mouth, he was teaching them, saying: — ^ Happy the destitute in [their] "spirit; for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens. *• ^ Happy •' die meek;" ' for tljfg " shall inherit the earth."" * ■'Happy "they who mourn; for tijCg shall be comforted. ^ Happy "they who hunger and tiiirst for "righteousness ; for tijCW shall be filled. " Or," good new«," '' glad tidings ;" but no English word, single or compound, seeras equal to the brautilul Grrek euangelion. "Joyful message," suits well tiie iippointnient of mes- sengers (Mar. xri. IS: Eo. x. 15), the notion of a trust (Gal. ii. 7; 1 Ti. i. 11), tlie purpose of a witness (Mat. xsiv. 14), and the claim for submission (Ko. x. IB; 1 Pe. iv. 17). But, in teactiiiig atul preaching. s\ iionynis may be elfectively interchanged ; and in a public version, po.ssibly " gospel" should be retained. The euangelwn concerns: — (1) '" the kingdom " (Mat. iv. 23: ix .3.5 ; xxiv. H ; Mar. i. 14, 15; l.u. iv 43 ; riii. 1 ; xvi. 16; Ac. viii. )2; conjpare xx. 25);- (2) "Jesus Clirisl," etc. (Mar. i. 1 : Lu. ii. 10 ; Ac. v. 42; viii. 12, 35; xi. 20; Ko. i. 9; ICo. ix. 12: 2Co. u. 12; Gal i. 7, 16; Ep. iii. 8 ; Phi. i. 27; 1 I'hes. iii. 2 : 2 Thes. i. 8) :— (3) "Goa" (Ro.i. 1; xvi IB; 2 Co. xi. 7) ;- (4) "the favour of God" (.-Vc. xx. 24) ;— (5) "the glory of (Jod" (2 Co. ir. 4; 1 Ti. i. Ill;— (6) "peace" (Ac. x. ."6; Ep. ii. 17; vi 15);- (7) "sal. vatjon " (Ep. i. 13 ;— (8) " the word " (Ac. viii. 4) ;— (9) " the faith " (Gal. i. 23). It is described as "a great joy " (Lu. ii. 10) ; and (eitlier the^ceneral nu'ssage, or a spi^cial one for a crisis) as "age-abiding" (Ke. xiv. 6). We also read of tlie " word" (.•\c. xv. 7), the "hope" (Col. i. 23), the "truth" (Gal. li. 14), the "readiness" (Ep. vi. l.i), and the "mjstery" (Ep. vi. 19), of the joyful message; and the Apostle Paul speaks of "my joyful message" (Ko. ii. 16 ; xvi. 25; 2 Ti. ii. 8), ami of " our jo.vful message " (1 Thes. i. 5 ; 2 Tlies. ii. 14). The word in the titles to the four evangelical narratives is understood to be triulitional, the most ancient copies having simply, "According to Matthew," etc. ' Ps. xxxvi. 11. ' Or, land. 8 MATTHEW, V. 7-22. 'Happy the merciful; for tijfg sliall receive mercy. * Happy the pure in [their] "heart; for tfjCg sliall see ^God. * Happy the peacemakers; for tijCg sons of God shall be called. '"Happy °they who have been persecuted for-the-sake of righteous- ness ; for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens. "Happy are ye, whensoever they may reproach you and persecute [you], and say every evil thing against you filscly for my sake. '^Re- joice and e.xult, because your "reward [is] great in the heavens; for so persecuted they the prophets °who [were] before you. '^^C are the salt of the earth; but if perchance the salt" become tasteless, with what shall it be salted? for nothing has it strength any longer, except, being cast out, to be trampled down by °men. ^*^t are the liglit of the world: it is impossible for a city to be hid, on the top of a mountain lying. "Xelther light they a lamp and place it under the measure, but upon the lampstand, and it gives light to all "those in the house. "'In like manner let your "light sliine before "men that they may see your "noble works, and glorify your "Father "who [is] in the heavens. "Ye may not think that I came to put down the law or the prophets: I came not to put down, but to fuKil. "For, verily ! I say to you, till whensoever the heaven and the earth may pass away, one least letter or one point in nowise may pass away from the law till whensoever all may be done. "'Whosoever, therefore, may relax one of these "com- mandments, the least, and teach "men in this way, shall be called least in the kingdom of the heavens ; but whosoever may do and teach — the-same, shall be called great in the kingdom of the heavens. ^"For I say to you, that unless perchance your ."righteousness go much beyond [that] of tlie Scribes and Pharisees, in nowise may ye enter into the kingdom of the heavens. ^'Ye heard that it was said* to the ancients, "Thou shalt not commit murder," and whosoever may commit murder shall be liable" to the judgment. ^^But E say to you that every "one who is angry with his "brother without cause shall be liable to the judgment; and whosoever may say to his "brother, Raca ! shall be liable to the high- council; and whosoever may say. Rebel!'' shall be liable unto the ' Mar. ix. 50; T.u. xiv. 34, 35. ' Ex. XX. 13. •' Mark the delicate siigeesi iveness of the word, especiuUy wlien a (-ligiit strfss is hiid on it : liable^ whetlier his habiiity actually overtake liiin or uo. It may not ; tor is not mercy reatly to rejoice (it it mai/ be) over judgiiieiit? (Ja. ii. 13.) Slill, lie is liable. '' Mureh : probubly ilcbi'cw, as ill Xu. xx. lu. MATTHEW, V. 23-41. 9 gclicnna" of "fire. '^If percliance, tlieref'ore, thou be bearing tliy °gift towards tlie altar ; and tliere shouldst remember that thy "brother has aught against thee; ^' leave there thy °gift before the altar, and with- draw, finU be reconciled to thy "brother ; and then, coming, be offering thy °gil't. ^■'*Be making agreement with thine "opponent quickly, while thou art with him in the way, lest once the opponent deliver thee up to the judge, and the judge deliver thee up to the officer; and into prison thou be cast. '^^ Verily ! I say to thee, in nowise mayest thou come out from thence until thou pay the last half-penny. ''Ye heard that it was said,' " Thou shalt not commit adultery ;" '''but 5 say to you that every "one beholding a woman with a view to "longing for her, already committed adultery towards her in his "heart. '^^And, if thy "right "eye" is causing thee to offend, pluck it out and cast [it] from thee; for it is profitable for thee that one of thy "members perish, and not the- whole of thy "body be cast into gehenna. ^"And if thy "right hand '' is causing thee to offend, cut it off and cast [it] from thee; for it is profitable for thee that one of thy "members perish, and not the-whole of thy "body into gehenna go away. " It was said,' moreover, " Whosoever may divorce his "wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement." ''But I say-'" to you that every "one who divorces his "wife, except on account of fornication, causes her to be made an adulteress ; and whosoever may marry _a woman who has been divorced is committing adultery. ''Again ye heard that it w^as said'' to the ancients, " Thou shalt not swear falsely, but shalt perform to the Lord thine "oaths." '^ But J tell you not to swear* at all; neither by the heaven, because it is "God's throne; ''nor by the earth, because it is a footstool of his "feet; nor by Jerusalem, because it is the great King's city; '^nor by thy "head mayest thou swear, because thou art not able to make ojie liair white or black. "But let your word be, yes yes, no no; and "what goes beyond these is of "evil. "Ye heard that it was said,' "Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth." ''But $ tell you not to resist* "evil; on the contrary, whoever is smiting thee upon thy "right cheek, turn to him the other also. ""And "him who is desiring thee to be judged ami to take thy "tunic,' ' let him have [thy] "mantle also. '"And whoever w^l^l impress thee one " cliap. XI. 23, ii..ti'. ' Ex. XX. 14. « cl.ap. xviii. 9; Mar. ix. 47. '' cliap. xviu. 8 ; Mi)r.ix.43. 'De.xxir.I. /cluip. xix. 9 ; Mar. x. 1 1, 1'.' ; J.ii. xvi. 18. IJ I.e. six. 12. * Ju. V. 2. ' Ex. xxi. 24 * Lu. vi. 29, 30. ' Slriclly u wooUeu slju-t worn next llie body. 10 MATTHEW, V. 42— VI. 10. mile, quietly go with him two. ^''To °him who is asking thee, give; and °iiim who is desiring from thee to borrow thou mayest not turn away. ■"Ye heard that it was said," " Thou shalt love thy "neighbour and hate thine °enemy." **But $ say to you, Be loving * your "enemies, and praying in behalf of "those persecuting you, '"to-the-end ye may become sons of your "Father "who is in [the] heavens, because he makes his "sun arise on evil and good, and sends rain on righteous and unrighteous. ''^For if perchance ye love "those loving you, what reward have ye? Do not even the tax-collectors thus act? ^'And if perchance ye salute your "brethren only, what more than common are ye doing? Are not even the Gentiles the same tiling doing? ^'^0 therefore shall be perfect/ as your "heavenly "Father is perfect. CH. VI. Take heed lest your "righteousness ye be doing before "men with a view to "being gazed at by them ; otherwise at least, ye have no reward with your "Father "who [is] in the heavens. ^Whensoever, therefore, thou mayest be doing an alms, thou mayest not sound a trumpet before thee, just as the hypocrites do, in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may be glorified by "men : verily ! I say to you, they have their due "reward. 'But when thou art doing an alms, let not thy "left hand notice what thy "riglit is doing, ''that thine "alm.i may be in the secret [place] ; and thy "Father "who beholds in the secret [place] will reward thee. 'And whensoever ye may be praying, ye shall not be as the hypo- crites; because they dearly love, in the synagogues and in the corners of the broad ways, standing, to be praying ; that they may shine before "men : verily ! I say to you, they have their due "reward. *But fifOUf whensoever thou mayest be about to pray,'' enter into thy "closet; and, fastening thy "door, pray to thy "Father "who [is] in the secret [place]; and thy "Father "who beholds in the secret [place] will reward thee. ' Being at prayer, moreover, ye may not use vain repeti- tions, just as the Gentiles; for they think that in their "much speaking they will be listened to. 'Ye may not, therefore, become like them: for your "Father knows of what things ye have need before your "asking him. "Thus, therefore, pray JC:' Our Father "who [art] in the heavens! hallowed be thy "name: '"come may thy "kingdom: » I.e. sis. 18. ' I.u, Ti. 29, 30, ' Greek, " Ye sliall bi% tlierefore, .»e perfect," etc. Eniplinlicjiutlaposilion. Introiiuetion, § 8. '' Not >et netually praying. This auticipatory QSuge of tlie present tense is important. Introduction, § 18. • I^u. i 2-4. MATTHEW, VI. 11-26. U accomplislicil " be tliy °\vill, as in heaven, also on earth: "our "^neeclful °brcad give us tliis day; '-and forgive us our °debts, as iat too forgave our "debtors ; "and bring us not into temptation, but rescue us from tlie evil one.* ''' For if perchance ye forgive °inen their "faults, your "heavenly "Father will forgive even you; ''whereas, if perchance ye do not forgive "men their "faults, neitlier will your "Father forgive your "faults. '* Moreover, whensoever ye may be fasting, become not, as the hypo- crites, of sad countenance; for they darken their "faces that they may appear to "men [to be] fasting: verily ! I say to you, they have their due "reward. '^But when tijOU art fasting, anoint thine "head and thy "face wash, "that thou do not appear to "men [to be] fasting, but to thy "Father "who [is] in the secret [place] ; and thy "Father "who beholds in the secret [place] will reward thee. "Be not treasuring to yourfclves treasures upon the earth, where moth and rust tarnish, and where thieves dig through and steal. ^"But be treasuring to yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth tarnish, and where thieves neither dig through nor steal. ^'For where thy "treasure is, there will be thine "heart also. ^-The lamp' of the body is the eye; if perchance, therefore, thine "eye be single, the-wliole of thy "body shall be lighted up; ^'whereas, if perchance thine "eye be evil, the-whole of thy "body shall be in-the- dark. If therefore the light "which is in thee is darkness, the darkness — how great I ^*Xo one can unto two masters'' be in service ; for either the one he will hate, and the other love, or one he will hold to, and the other despise : ye cannot be in service unto God and unto Mammon. ^'Wherefore I say to you, ye may not be anxious' as to your "souK — what ye may eat or what ye may drink, neither as to your "body — what ye may put on. Is not the souK more than the food, and tlie body than the clothing? '^"Observe intently the birds of the heaven, that they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your "heavenly "Father feeds them: are not gC much better than they? " More than merely "done:" accepted and obeyed, brought to pass and fulfilled. Observe tliHt tliis very word sfands in our Loral's own prayer in the carden, xxvi.42. * Or, "from evil;" but "the analogy of Mat. xiii. 19,39; Kp. vi. 16; 2 Tlics. ui. 3, would lead us to translate in tlie Lord's prayer ponerou as a masculine. It wap alv^ays so interpreted in the Greek Ciiun-li." (Tieuch, Xotes on the Parahlea, p. 469.) ' Lu. xi. 31-36. ^ Provided they are really /i/'O, as Gud and Maniinon Hre two. IS'ote the enipliasis : some masters are identical with Jlumuion. Compare Lu. xvi. 13. ' Lu. xii. 2iol. / chap. ii. 20, note. 12 ilATTHEW, VI. 27— VII. 12. "But wlio from among you, being anxious, is able to add to liis °stature one cubit? ^*And about clothing why are ye an.xious ? Consider well the lilies of the field, how they grow — they neither toil nor spin ; ^"nevertheless I tell you, Kot even Solomon in all his "glory was arrayed as one of these. ^°Now, if the grass of the field, which to-day is and to-morrow into an oven is cast °God thus adorns, not much rather you, litlle-of-faith? ''Therefore, ye may not be an.xious, saying. What may we eat, or what may we drink, or with what may we be arrayed? '^For all these things, the nations seek after; for your "heavenly "Father knows that ye are needing all these things. ''But be seeking first the kingdom of "God and his "righteousness, and all these thintrs shall be added to you. '''So then, ye may not be anxious for the morrow: the morrow, in fact, will be anxious for itself. Sufficient for the day, the evil thereof. CH. VII. Judge" not, lest ye be judged; '^for with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged; and with what measure' ye measure, it shall be measured to you. ' Why, moreover, beholdcst thou the mote "that is in the eye of lliy "brother, while the beam in thine "eye thou dost not consider? ''Or wilt thou say to thy brother. Allow 1 may cast out the mote out of thine "eye; and, behold! the beam [is] in thine °eye? * Hypocrite! cast out first, out of thine "eye, the beam; and then shall thou clearly see to cast out the mote out of the eye of thy "brother. "Ye may not give "that which is holy to the dogs, neither cast your "pearls before the swine, lest once they will trample them down with their "feet; and, turning, may tear you. 'Be asking,'^ and it shall be given you: be seeking, and ye shall find: be knocking, and it shall be opened to you. 'For every "one who asks receives, and "he who seeks finds, and to "him who knocks it is opened. 'Or what man from among you, whom his "son will ask for a loaf, — a stone will give him? '"or a fish also will ask, — a serpent will give him? " If then J)f, being evil,"* know how to be giving good gifts to your "children, how much more will your "Father "who [is] in the heavens give good things to "those asking him! '■'All things/ therefore, as many soever as ye may be desiring that "men should be doing to you, so be gt also doing to them ; for this is the law and the prophets. " Lii. vi. 37-42. » Slur. iv. 24. " Lu. xi. 9-13. '' Evil though ye be. • Lu. vi. 31. MATTHEW, VIT. 13— VIII. 1. 13 "Enter" ye in througK the narrow gate! because wide [is] the gate, and broad the road °that leads away into °destruction, and many are "those entering through it. '''How narrow the gate and confined the road °that leads away into °life, and few are °those finding it ! '^Beware, moreover, of °false prophets, who indeed coine unto you in clothing of sheep, while within they are ravening wolves. '^From their °fruits ' shall ye find them out: unless perhaps they gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thisdes! "So every good tree brings forth fine fruit; whereas the worthless tree brings forth evil fruit. '*It is impossible for a good tree to bring forth evil fruit, also for a worthless tree to bring forth fine fruit. "Every tree not bearing fine fruit'' is to be hewn down and into fire to be cast. '"After all, then, from their °fruits ye shall find them out. '' Not every °one saying to me. Lord ! Lord ! '^ shall enter into the kingdom of the heavens, but °he who does the will of my "Father °who [is] in the heavens. '''Many will say to me in that °day. Lord ! Lord ! did we not in °thy name prophesy, and in °thy name demons cast out, and in °thy name many works of power perform? ''And then will I confess to them, I never approved' you, " Depart'^ from me °ye workers of "lawlessness." '^ Every one, therefore, who hears these my "words, and does them,' shall be likened to a prudent man, who indeed built his "house upon the rock; ''and the rain descended and the streams came and the winds blew and rushed against that "house, and it fell not, for it had been founded upon the rock. ""And every "one hearing these my "words and not doing them shall be likened to a foolish man, who indeed built his "house upon the sand; "and the rain descended and the streams came and the winds blew and dashed against that "house, and it fell; and the fall thereof was great. "And it came to pass when "Jesus ended these "words, with astonishment were the multitudes beinfr struck at his "teaching; "for he was teaching them as one having authority, and not as their "Scribes. § 10. A Leper cleamed. Mar. i. 40-45 ; Lu. v. 12-14. CH. VIII. And, when he descended from the mountain, there followed " Lu. siii.24. ' l.u.vi. 43, -14 « Cliap. iii. 10. '^ Lu. vi. 46, 47. " Or, "m-kno«ledt:i-d :" tlii;» u-^Qo{ (ihtosko'vB iniportiuit. I( if» iis when we pay: "He did not know nie," llinl i^," would not own ni'e." C'onipurc Vs. i. 6; Ro. viii. 29; \\. !. 1 Ps. vi. 8. ' Lu. vi. 47, 49. 14 MATTHEW, VIII. 2-17. him large multitudes. *And behold! a leper, coming ncai, was wor- shipping him, saying, Lord ! if perchance thou be willing, thou art able to cleanse me. *And, stretcliing forth tlie hand, he touched him, saying, I am willing, be thou cleansed ! and straightway cleansed was his °leprosy. ''And °Jesus says to him, ]\Iind! no one mayest thou tell; but, witlidraw! shew thyself to the Priest, and offer the gift which Moses directed for a witness to them. §11.^ Centurion s Servant healed. Lu. vii. 1-10. "And, when he entered into Capernaum, there came near to him a centurion, beseeching him, ^and saying. Lord! my "servant is laid prostrate in the house, a paralytic, fearfully tortured. 'And °Jesus says to him, I will come and cure him. *But the centurion, answering, said. Lord ! I am not qualllled that under my °roof thou shouldst enter; but only say with a word, and healed shall be my "servant. ^For even I am a man under authority, havmg under myself soldiers, and I say to this one. Go! and he is going; and to another. Come! and he is coming; and to my "servant. Do this! and he is doing [it]. '"Now, hearing, "Jesus marvelled, and said to "those following, Verily, I say to you. With no one, such faith as this, in "Israel, I found. " Howbeit, I say to you, that many from east and west will have come" and shall recline with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of the heavens; '^ whereas the sons of the kingdom ' shall be cast forth into the outer "darkness: there will be the wailing and the gnashing of the teeth. "And "Jesus said to the centurion. Withdraw! and as thou didst believe, be it done to thee. And healed was the servant in that "hour. §12. Peter's Mother-in-law cured, and many others. Mar. i. 29-36; Lu. iv. 38-40. '^ And "Jesus, coming into the house of Peter, saw his "mother-in- law laid prostrate and in a fever, '"and he touched her "hand, and the fever left her; and she arose and was ministering to him. "'But, when evening came, they brouglit to Inm many denionized, and he cast out the spirits with a word, and all "who were ill he cured, "that it migjit be fulfilled "which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet '^ saying, " Himself our "weaknesses took, and [our] "diseases bare." " Lu. liii. 28, 29. ' \» if sprung from it : El. lix. 3, 6. Compare Ac. in. 25. ' Is. liii. 4. MATTHEW, VIII. 18-34. 15 § 13. A Scribe and a Disciple pat to the Test. "Now °Jcsus, seeing great multitudes about hiin, gave orders to depart unto the other side. '^And, coming near, one, a Scribe, said to him, Tcaclier! I will follow thee whithersoever thou mayst be going. '"And °Jesus says to him. The foxes have dens, and the birds of the heaven, nests; but the Son of °Man has not where [his] °head he may recline. ^'And another of tlie disciples said io him. Lord! permit me first to depart and bury my "father. "But °Jesus says to him. Be following me, and leave the dead to bury their own °dead. § 14. A Storm rebuked. Mai-, iv. 35-41 ; Lu. viii. 22-25. ^^And when he entered into a boat, liis "disciples followed him. ^* And, behold ! a great squall arose in the lake, so that the boat was being covered" by the waves; but ijC was sleeping. ^'And, coming near, they awoke him, saying. Master! save, we are perishing. ^"^And he says to them, Why fearful are ye, little-of-faith ? Then, arising, he rebuked the winds and the lake, and it became a great calm. '-'TJie men, however, marvelled, saying, W^hence is this one, that both the winds and the lake to him give ear? § 15. Two Demoniacs delivered. Mar. v. 1-20; Lu. viii. 26-39. ^' And when he came unto the other side, into the country ;)f the Gadarenes, there met him two demonized [men], out of the tombs coming forth, fierce exceedingly, so that no one was able to pass along that °way ; '''and, behold ! they cried aloud saying. What, to us and to thee,' Son of °God? Camest thou hither, before season to torment us? ^'' There was, however, far from them, a herd of many swine, feeding. ^' And the demons were beseeching him, saying. If thou dost cast us out, send us away into the herd of °swine. ^^And he said to them, Withdraw ! And so "they, going out, went away into the swine, and, behold! all the herd rushed down the cliff into the lake, and died in the waters. "Moreover, "those feeding [them] fled; and going away into the city, reported all things, even the things relating to the demonized [men]. '■* And, behold ! all the city came forth to meet "Jesus; and, seeing him, they besought [him] that he would pass on from their "borders. • WaTe after wave swept over it : a graphic word. ' That is, " What have we in common f 16 :\IATTIIE\V, IX. 1-16. §16. A Parahjlir forgiven andhealed. Mar. ii. .'5-12; Lu. v. 18-26. CH. IX. And, entering into a boat, he passed over and came into his °own city. "And, beliold ! they were bringing unto him a paralytic on a coucii laid prostrate; and °Jesiis, seeing their °faith, said to the paralytic, Take courage, child, forgiven are thy °sins. 'And, behold! certain of the Scribes said within themselves, Tjiis one speaks profanely. *And °Jcsus, knowing their °invvard thoughts, said. To what end are ye cherishing evil thoughts within your "hearts? ''For which is easier, to say. Forgiven are thy °sins, or to say, Eise ! and be walking? *But, that ye may know that the Son of °Man has authority, upon the earth," to be forgiving sins (then says he to the paralytic). Rise! take up thy °couch, and withdraw into tliine °house. ^And, rising, he went away into his °house. 'Now, the multitudes, seeing, were struck with fear, and glorified the God °wlio gave such authority as this to °nien. § 17. Mallhew called. Mar. li. 13-17; Lu. v. 27-32. " And °Jesus, passing-on from thence, saw a man presiding over the tax-office, called Matthew, and says to him. Be following me. And, arising, he followed him. '"And it came to pass, as he was reclining in the house, that behold ! many tax-collectors and sinners came and •were reclining together with °Jesus and his °disciples. "And the Pharisees, seeing [it], were saying to his °disciples. Wherefore, with the tax-collectors and sinners is your "Teacher eating? '^Now, °Jesus hearing [it], said, No need have the strong of a physician, but °those who are ill. "But go ye and learn what [this] means,' "Mercy' I desire, and not sacrifice;" for 1 came not to call righteous ones but sinners. § 18. Then will they fast. Mar. ii. 18-22; Lu. v. 33-38. '^ Then come near to him the disciples of John, saying, Wherefore do toe and the Pharisees fast much, whereas thy "disciples fast not? '°And "Jesus said to them. Is it possible for the sons of the bride- chamber'' to be mourning as long as the bridegroom is with them? But days will come,' whensoever the bridegroom may be taken from them, and then will they fast. '^No one, moreover, patches a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment; for the shrinking of it tears away " Grcok, " Tlint aulliority lias the Son of Man npon the enrth. ' ' Literallj-, " is :" com- pare cimp. xxvi. 26. note. " Ho. vi. 6. <* "The briilcsiooni's frienc i who go und fetch tlie bride." (Alforti.) * We litre catcli a tone of synipiithetic 8udiR>8. MATTHEW, IX. 17-33. 17 from the garment, and a worse rent is made. "'Neither pour tliey new wine into old skins; otherwise, at least, burst are the skins and the wine runs out and the skins are spoiled; on-the-contrary, they pour new" wine into unused* skins, and both are preserved together. § 19. The daughter of J aims raised; and the woman withjioio ofhlood cured. Mar. v. 22-43; Lu. viii. 41-56. "While these things he was speaking to them, behold! one, a ruler, came and was worshipping him, saying. My "daughter just now died; but come and lay thy °hand upon her, and she shall live. '"And °Jesus, arising, was following him, also his disciples. ^"And, behold ! a woman, having a flow of blood twelve years, coming near behind, touched the fringe of his °mantle. ^' For she was saying within herself, Perchance, if only I may touch his °mantle I shall be made well. -''And "Jesus, turning and seeing her, said. Take courage, daughter, thy °faitli has made thee well. And made well was the woman from that °hour. ^'And ° Jesus, coming into the house of the ruler, and seeing the flute-playere and the multitude in confusion, was saying, ^""Give place! for the maiden did not die, but is sleeping. And they were deriding him. -'When, however, put forth was the multitude, entering, he grasped her °hand; and the maiden arose. '^And forth went this "report into the-whole of that "land. § 20. Two blind men, a demoniac, and many others cured : the icinguom proclaimed, and the multitudes pitied. ^'And as "Jesus was passing on from thence, there followed him two blind men," crying aloud and saying. Have mercy on us, Son of David! -'And, going into the house, the blind men came near to him; and "Jesus says to them. Believe ye that I am able this to do? They say to him. Yea, Lord! ^'Then touched he their "eyes, saying, According to your "faith be it done to you. '"And opened were their "eyes. And "Jesus sternly charged them, saying. Mind ! let no one get to know. ^' "They, however, going forth, made him known in the- whole of that "land. ^'-And, as they were going forth, behold! there was brought to him a dumb"* man demonized. ^'And the demon being cast out, the dumb "A^eos.-" newly made." " Kainos : " heih." ' chup. xx. 29, etc. « cbap.xii.22i Lu.xi.14. 3 18 MATTHEW, IX. 34— X. 12. spake, and the multitudes marvelled, saying, Never was it seen tlius in °Israel. ^^But tlie Pharisees were saying, In" the ruler of the demons he is casting out the demons. '^ And ° Jesus was going round all the cities and the villages, teaching in their "synagogues and proclaiming the joyful message of the king- dom, and curing every disease and every infirmity. '^And, seeing the multitudes, he was moved with compassion concerning them, because they were torn and thrown down as sheep * not having a shepherd. ^' Then says he to liis °disciples, The harvest," indeed, [is] great, but the labourers few; '"beg ye therefore of the i\Iaster of the harvest, to- the-end he may urge forth labourers into his "harvest. § 21. Tlie Twelve first sent forth. ]\Iar. vi. 7, etc.; Lu. ix. 1, etc. CH. X. And, calling near his "twelve disciples, he gave them authority over impure spirits so as to be casting them out, and curing every disease and every infirmity. *Now the twelve apostles' "names'* are these: first, Simon "who is called Peter, and Andrew his "brother; James the [son] of "Zebedee, and John his "brother ; 'Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax-collector; James the [son] of "Alphceus, and Thada;us; * Simon the zealot, and Judas Iscariot, "who also delivered him up. 'These "twelve "Jesus sent forth, charging them, saying, Into a way of nations ye may not depart, and into a city of Samaritans ye may not enter, ^but be going rather unto the lost "sheep of Israel's house. 'And, as ye are going, proclaim ye, saying. Drawn near" has the kingdom of the heavens. *Sick men be ye curing; dead, raising; lepers, cleansing; demons, casting out:-' freely ye received, freeh' give. ^ Ye may procure' neither gold nor silver nor copper for your "belts, "neither satchel for journey, nor two tunics, nor sandals, nor staff; for worthy [is] the labourer of his "maintenance. "And, into whatsoever city or village ye may enter, search out who in it is worthy, and there abide till whensoever ye may go forth. "'And, as ye arc entering into :\rATTIlE\V, X. 13-29. 19 the house, sakite it. '^ And, if perchance, indeed, the house be worthy, let your °pcace come upon it; but, if perchance it be not worthy, let vour "peace unto you return. '^And, whosoever may neither welcome you, nor hear your °words, as ye are going forth outside that °house or °city, shake off the dust of your °feet. '^ Verily ! I say to you, I\[ore tolerable " will it be for a land of Sodom and Gomorrha in a day of judgment tlian for that °city. '^Behold ! J am sending you forth as sheep ' amidst wolves; become ye therefore prudent as the serpents and pure ' as the doves.. '^And be taking heed'' of °men: for they will deliver you up into high-councils, and in their "synagogues will they scourge you; "and even before governors and kings will ye be brought for my sake, for a witness to them and to the nations. ''And whensoever they may deliver you up, ye may not be anxious how or what ye may speak ; for it shall be given you in that °liour what ye may speak. 'Tor it is not Vt °who are speaking, but the Spirit of your "Father "that is speaking in you. ^'And brotlier will deliver up brother ' unto death, and father, child; and children-'' will rise up' against parents, and will put tliem to death. ^^And ye will be men hated* by all because of my "name ! but "he who endures throughout — the-same shall be saved. ^^And, whensoever they may persecute you in this "city, flee into the other: for verily! I say to you, in nowise may ye finish the cities of Israel till whensoever the Son of "Man may come. ^^A disciple is not above the teacher, nor a servant above his "master. ^'Sufficient for the disciple' that he becotne as his "teacher, and the servant as his "master. If, the master-of-the-house, Beelzebul they called, how much more the men-of-his-house ! ^®Then ye m.ay not fear them ; for nothing has been covered * which shall not be uncovered, and hidden which shall not be made known. "What I am saying to you in the darkness, tell ye in the light ; and what [whispered] into the ear ye are hearing, proclaim ye on the housetops. ^'And be not in fear by reason of "those killing the body, but the soul are not able to kill. But fear rather "him who is able both soul and body to destroy in gehenna.' ^'Are not two sparrows for a farthing" sold? and one from " cliap. xi. 21 ; Lu. x. 12. ' Lu. x. 3. " Or, "simple:" without foreien admixture. "J cliap. xxiv. 9; Mar. xiii. 9-13; Lu. xxi. 12-17; xii. 11. ' Intro. §8. / " The ackme of the unnatural and the infernal." (Monson.) ^ "Shall rise up"—" as in mutiny ; fur such is the conventionalism that lias attached itself to the verb." (Morison.) * chap, xjsiv. 9, 13. * Lu. vi. 40; Jno. xiii. 16. * Lu. viii. 17; xii. 2-9 : Mar. iv. 22. ' chap. xi. 23, note. ■" An assarion, diminutive of Kouian AS, about equal to an English halfpenny. 20 MATTHEW, X. 30— XL 5. among them will not fall upon tlie ground without your "Father. '"But even the hairs of your "head all have been numbered. "Then be not in fear: than many sparrows better are J?f. ''Every one there- fore who will confess me before °men — $ also will confess liira before my "Father °who [is] in the heavens. '' But whoever may deny me before "men — I also will deny " hnn before my "Father "who [is] in the heavens. '^ Ye may not think that I came to throw peace * upon the earth; I came not to throw peace, but a sword. ^^For I came to set at variance — " A man '^ against his "father, And a daughter against her "mother, And a bride against her "mother-in-law; "* And the man's foes are "they of his house." ''"fie who loves father or mother above me, is not of me worthy; and "he who loves son or daughter above me, is not of me worthy. ''And he who is not taking his "cross'' and following after me, is not of me worthy. '''"He who finds his "soul' shall lose it; and "he who loses his "soul for my sake shall find it. ■"•"He who welcomes-'^ you welcomes me; and "he who welcomes me welcomes "him who sent me forth. ^' "He vdio welcomes a prophet into a prophet's name, a prophet's reward shall receive; and "he who welcomes a righteous one into a righteous one's name, a righteous one's reward shall receive. ''^And whosoever may give to drink unto one of these "little ones a cup of cold [water] only* into _a^ disciple's name, verily 1 1 say to you, in nowise may he lose his "reward. § 22. John, in prison, sends questions to Jesus. Lu. vii. 18-35. CH. XI. And it came to pass, when "Jesus finished giving instructions to his "twelve disciples, he passed on from thence "to be teaching and proclaiming in their "cities. '^Now "John, hearing in the prison the works of the Christ, sending through his "disciples, 'said to him. Art tijOU the coming one, or a diflierent * one are we to expect? ''And, answering, "Jesus said to them, Go report to John what ye are hearing and seeing : * blind are recovering "ZTi.ii.lZ. •■ Lu. xii. 51-53. <^ Ali. vii. 6. i* chap. xvi. 24, 26; Mar.viii. 34, 35 ; Lu. ix. 23, 24. * Lii. xvii. 33 ; .Jno. xii. 25. Compare oluip. ii. 20, nc'o. / Mar. ix. 37 ; Lu. ix. 4S; Jno. xiii. 2U. « Mar. ix. 41. * " DiU'iTfiit " in kind, n^t merely "anotlier iudiridual. A " diU'erent one " migbt Imve kept John out of prison. MATTHEW, XI. (i-22. 21 sight, and lame arc walking about, lepers are being cleansed, and deaf are hearing, and dead are being raised, and destitute ones are bein" told [the] joyful message: ^and happy is he whosoever may not find cause of" offence in me. 'But, as these were going, ° Jesus began to say to the multitudes concerning John, What went ye forth into the wilderness to gaze at? a reed by a wind sliaken? *But what went ye forth to see? a man in soft things arrayed? behold! °they who the soft things wear, in the houses of "kings are! "But what went ye forth to see? a prophet? yea! I say to you, and much more than a prophet. 'Tor tliis is he concerning whom it is written," " Behold I send forth my "messenger before tliy face, who shall make ready thy °way before thee." " Verily ! I say to you, there has not arisen among such as are born of women a greater than John the Immerser, yet °he who is less in the kingdom of the heavens is greater than he. '^But, from the days of John tlie Immerser until even now, the kingdom of the heavens is being invaded and invaders are seizing * upon it. '^ For all the prophets and the law until John prophesied; "and, if ye are willing to accept it,^ JjC is Elijah — the one destined "^ to come. "°FIe who has ears to hear let him hear. "'To what, however, may I liken this "generation? It is like to children sitting in the market-places, who, calling unto the others, ''say. We played-the-flute to you and ye did not dance, we sang a lament and ye did not beat the-breast. '*For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, A demon he has. '^The Son of °j\Ian came eating and drinking, and they say. Behold ! a man gluttonous and a wine-drinker, a friend of tax-collectors and of sinners. And yet justified was "wisdom by her "works." § 23. Favoured cities u]jbraided. Lu. x. 13-15. ^"Then began he to upbraid the cities in which were done his "noblest works of power, because they repented not. ^' Alas ! for thee, Chorazin, alas! for thee, Bethsa'ida; because — if in Tyre and Sidon had been done the works of power "which were done in you — of old, in sackcloth and ashes had they repented. ^^Jloreovcr, I say to you, for Tyre and Sidon more tolerable will it be in a day of judgment " Mai. iii. 1 ; Mar. i. 2 ; Lu. vii. 27. ' Lu. xvi. 16. ' Remarkable woiHs! were they Tvilliiig? ■* Mai. iv. 5. ' Tretjelles' ulternutive reading : "children ;" Sinai IIS. " works." 22 MATTHEW, XI. 23— XII. 7. than for you. -'And tijOU I Capernaum! unto heaven shalt thou be uplifted? — unto hades" thou shalt be brought down! because if in Sodom ' had been done the works of power °which were done in thee, it would in that case have remained until °this day. '^^ Moreover, I say to you, that for a land of Sodom more tolerable will it be, in a day of judgment, than for thee. § 24. Praise for Babes ; welcome for the Burdened. Lu. x. 21, 22. '' In that °season, answered °Jesus and said : I openly give praise to thee. Father! Lord of the heaven and of the earth, that thou didst hide these things from wise and discerning ones, and didst reveal them to babes. ^^Yea, "Father! that so it became a delight before thee. ''^All things to me were delivered up by my "Father; and no one fully knows the Son except the Father, neither does any one fully know the Father, except the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son may be pleased to reveal him. '*Come unto me all °ye who toil and are burdened, and I will give you rest. -'Take my "yoke upon 3'ou, and learn from me, because meek am I and lowly in my "heart, and ye sliall find rest to your "souls. ^° For my "yoke is easy and my "burden light. § 25. Disciples pluck corn on Sabbath: JIar. ii. 23-28 ; Lu. vi. 1-5. CH. XII. In that "season went "Jesus, on the sabbath, through the cornfields ; and his "disciples hungered, and began to pluck ears of corn and to eat. -But the Pharisees, seeing it, said to him, Behold! thy "disciples are doing what it is not allowed to be doing on sabbath. *And "he said to them. Did ye never read what David' did when he hungered, and "those with him? Miow he entered into the house of "God, and the loaves of the presentation ate, which it was not allow- able for him to eat, neither for "those with him, save for the priests alone? *0r, did ye never read in the law, that, on the sabbath, the priests, in the temple the sabbath profane, and are blameless. ^But I say to 3'ou that a greater thing than the temple is here. 'If, however, " This word occurs, in all, ten times in the New Testament; viz.: — Mat.xi. 23; ivi. 13; I,u. X. 15; svi. 23; Acts ii. 27, 31 ; Ke. i. 18; vi. 8 ; xx. Ki, 14. It is ilie SeptniiKint ivmlering fur tlie llebrew sheol ("Vc), which is tountl sixty-five tniies in Ilie Old Tesianient. In orfter to form (iroptT ideas ot" lliuies, it is plainly important that all the teadiing of the Scriptures on the subject should be considered. Hade? and Gehenna sh<->uld not be confounded. Xho latter occurs in the following places only in tlie New Testament; — Mat. v. 22. 29,30; x. 28; XTiii. 9 ; xxiii. 13, 33 ; Mar. ix. 43, 45, 47 ; Lu. xii. 3 ; Jas. ilL 6. '' cha^'. X. la. '1 Sa. XX i. 6. MATTHEW, XII. 8-23. 2.3 ye had taken note what [this] means," " Mercy' I desire, and not sacii- fice," ye would not have condemned the blameless. 'For the Son of °Man is Lord of the sabbath. §26. Withered hand healed on Salhath. Mar. iii. 1-6; Lu. vi. 6-11. 'And, passing on from thence, he came into their "synagogue. '"And, behold, a man having a withered hand; and they questioned hira, saying, Is it allowable, on the sabbath, to heal? that they might accuse him. "And °he said to them, What man from among you, who will have one sheep, and if perchance this should fall on the sabbath into a pit, will not lay hold of it and raise it? '^How much better, then, a man than a sheep ! so that it is allowable, on the sabbath, nobly to act. '^Then says he to the man. Stretch forth thine "hand. And he stretched it forth, and it was restored whole as the other. § 27. The Pharisees plotting, Jesus retires, quietly healing many. '^And the Pharisees, going forth, took counsel against him, to-the- end they might destroy him. '^But "Jesus, taking note, retired from thence, and there followed hira many multitudes, and he cured them all, '^and rebuked them lest they should make him manifest: ''that it might be fulfilled "which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet," saying:— "" Behold! my "servant whom I selected, ily "beloved in whom my "soul delighted : , I will put my "Spirit upon him, And judgment to the nations will he report: '° He will not strive nor will he cry out, Xor will any hear, in the broad-ways, his "voice: ^"A bruised reed will he not break. And a smoking wick will he not quench, Till whensoever he urge forth into victory the judgment : ^' And in his "name, nations will hope." §28. Demoniac cured. \In Beelzebul?^ Blaspheming the Spirit. Mar. iii. 20-30; Lu. xi. 14-23. ''-Then was brought unto him one demonizcd, blind and dumb, and he cured him so that the dumb was speaking and seeing. ^^And all o Literally, "is :" chap. xxvi. 26, note. ' Ho. vi. 6. ' Is. slii. !-•). 24 .MATTHEW, XII. 24-37. the nmltitudes were beside tliemsclves, and were saying, Can this one be the Son of David? '^Tjie Pharisees, however, hearing it, said, This one" is not casting out tlie demons except in °Beelzebul, ruler of the demons. ^•'' And, knowing their ^inward thoughts, he said to them, Everj kingdom, divided against itself, is laid waste, and no city or liousc, divided against itself, will stand. ^''And if °Satan is casting °Satan out — against liimself was he divided: how, then, will his kinjj- dom stand? ^'And if I, in Beelzebul, am casting out the demons, in whom are your °sons casting them out? Wherefore, tijfl) shall be judges of you. ^'If, however, in God's Spirit, I am casting out the demons — then, doubtless, unawares did the kingdom of °God come upon you. ^' Or, how can one enter into the house of the mighty, and seize his °goods; unless perchance, first, he bind the mighty one? and, then, his °house he will plunder. ^""He who is not with me is against me, and °he who is not gathering with me is scattering. ^' Wherefore I say to you, -All sin and profane speaking shall be forgiven °men; but the speaking profanely of the Spirit sliall not be forgiven. '^And whosoever* may speak a word against the Son of °JIan, it shall be for- given him; but whosoever may speak against the Holy "Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, either in this °age or in the coming one." '^ Either make the tree '' fine and its °fruit fine, or make the tree worthless and its °fruit worthless; for, from the fruit, the tree is known. ^''Broods of vipers! how can ye speak good things, being evil? for, out of the abundancJe of the heart, the mouth speaks. ^*The good man, out of the good treasure, puts forth good things ; and the evil man, out of the evil treasure, puts forth evil things. ^"But 1 say to you tjiat every useless expression which "men will utter — they shall render concerning it an account in a day of judgment. ^'For from thy "words shalt thou be justified, and from thy "words shalt thou be condemned. " chnp. ix. 34. ' Lu. xii. 10. <= "Tliis age" and "tlie coming" (Mat. xii, 32; Ep. i. 21) i!> a Nmv Testament disciiaiiniition. 1. "This age" is cliiiructt'rised as one of "anxitlies" (Mar. iv. 19), ofa mixture of good and bad in llie field sown by the Sou of Man (Mat. xiii. 24-.3(), 30-43), of" persecutions" (Miir. x. :>(ll, of the need fur nonconformity (Ro. xii. 2 ; Tit. ii. 12), of the crueif>ing of the Lord of gKir\ liy its rulers (1 Co. ii. S), of Satanic deilication (2 Co. iv. 41, of " evil" (Gal. i. 4 ; compare K|i. ii. 2, 2 Ii. iv. 1(1). 2. " The coining age" will be siginilised by the forlh-shining of the glory of the LonI (Tit. ii. 13; 1 Co. xv. 23.), the resurrection from among the dead (Lu. xx. 3.i), the bestowal of age-abiding life (Mar.'x. 30 ; Lu. xvili. 30), and the forth-sbiiung of the righteous in the kingdom (Mat. xiii. ofi, 43). The "conclusion id' the aw," is spoken of in chap. xiii. 39, 40, 4D ; xxiv. 3 ; xxviii. 20 ; "tlie con- junctiiin of the ages," llcb. ix. 2t) ; anil "the ends of the ages," 1 Co. x. 11. For "iigc- abidiiig," as a rendering of aiioi-ios, sec uole on .luo. iii. 15. '' chap. vii. lC-18; Lu. vi. 43-45. MATTHEW, XII. 38— XIII. 2. 25 § 29. Sir/n of Jonah, loisdom of Solomon, return of demon. Lu. xi. 29-32. '"Then answered liim certain of the Scribes and Pharisees, saying. Teacher, we desire, from thee, a sign to behold. ''But °he answering said to them. An evil and adukerous generation is seeking after a sign," and a sign will not be given it, except the sign of Jonah the prophet. ■'"For, just as was Jonah in the belly of the sea-monster three days and three nights, so will be the Son of °JIan in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. ^' Men of Nineveh' will rise up in the judgment with this °generation, and will condemn it; because they repented into the proclamation of Jonah, and, behold! something more than Jonah [is] here. '''-A southern queen will arise in the judgment with this "generation, and will condemn it; because she came out of the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and, behold, something more than Solomon [is] here. ^'But, whensoever the impure spirit may go out from the man, it passes through waterless places, seeking rest ; and does not find it. ''''Then it says. Into my '^house will I rettirn, whence I came out : and, coming, it finds it unoccupied, swept and decorated. ''^Then it goes and takes along with itself seven different spirits, more evil than itself; and, entering in, permanently dwells there; and the last state of that °man becomes worse than the fir.st. So will it be also with this °evil "generation. § 30. " JVho is my mother?" Mar. iii. 31-35; Lu. viii. 19-21. ^* While yet he was speaking to the multitudes, behold ! his "mother and "brothers were standing without, seeking with him to speak. ■•"And one said to him. Behold! thy "mother and thy "brothers with- out are standing, seeking with thee to speak. '"'But "he, answering, said to "him who was telling hlni. Who is my "mother? and who are my "brothers? '"And, stretching forth his "hand towards his "dis- ciples, he said, Behold! my "mother and my "brothers. ^Tor whoso- ever may do the will of my "Father "who [is] in the heavens, ijc is my brother and sister and mother. § 31. The Parable of the Soicer. ilar. iv. 1-9 ; Lu. viii. 4-8. CH. XIII. In that "dav, "Jesus, going out of the house, was sitting near the lake. ''And there were gathered unto him large multitudes; " cbuii. xvi. 4; JIur. Tiii. 11, 12. '' Literally: "Men Ninevites." 26 MATTHEW, XIII. 3-17. so tbat lie into a boat entered, and was sitting, and all the multitude on the beach was standing. 'And he spake to them many things in parables, saying, Behold I forth went the sower to °sow. ^And, as he °was sowing, some, Indeed, fell beside the pathway, and the birds came and devoured it. ®And some fell on the rocky places, where it had not much earth, and straightway it sprang up because of its °not having depth of earth. "And, sun arising, it was scorched ; and, because of its °not having root, it withered away. 'And some fell upon the thorns, and up came the thorns and choked it. *Some, how- ever, fell upon the good °ground, and was yielding fruit, — this, indeed, a hundred, and that sixty, and the-other thirty. °°He who has ears to hear let him hear. § 32. Wherefore in Parables ? The Sower explained. Mar. iv. 10-20 ; Lu. viii. 9-15. '"And, coming near, the disciples said to him. Wherefore in parables art thou speaking to them? "And °he, answering, said to them. Because to you it has been given to get to know the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens; to them, however, it has not been given. '^For, whoever has" — it shall be given to him, and he shall be made to abound; but, whoever has not — even what he has shall be taken away from him. ''For this reason, in parables, to them, I speak ; be- cause seeing they see not, and hearing they hear not, neither do they understand. '■■ And again * is being fulfilled in them the prophecy of Isaiah °which says, " With hearing shall they hear, and in nowise may understand, And seeing shall they see, and in nowise may perceive; "For made gross was the heart of this ^people, And, with their °ears, heavily they heard, And their °eyes they closed : Lest once they should see with their ''eyes; And with their °ears should hear ; And with their "hearts should understand ; And should return ; . . . and I will heal them." ""But happy" are your °eyes that they are seeing, and your °ears that they are hearing. "For, verily! I say to you that many prophets " chap. Xiv. 29 ; Slar. iv. 23 ; Lu. viii. 18. ' Is. vi. 9, 10. ' Lu. x. 23, 24. 3IATTHEW, XIII. 18-32. 27 and rigliteous men longed to see what ye are seeing, and did not sec; and to hear what ye are hearing, and did not hear. "Hear gp, then, the parable of °hlm who sowed : '^When any one hears the word of the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and seizes °that which has been sown in his °heart: this is °he beside the pathway sown. ^"And °he on the rocky places sown — this is °he who the word hears, and straightway with joy receives it; ''yet has not root within himself, but is only for a season : and there arising tribulation or persecution, bei^ause of the word, straightway he is offended. ^'^And °he among the thorns sown — this is °he who the word hears, and the anxiety of the age and the deceit of °riches choke up the word, and unfruitful it becomes. ''But °he on the good ground sown — this is °he who the word hears and understands, who indeed is bearing fruit and producing, °this an hundred, and °that sixty, and the other thirty. § 33. Tlie H^eat and the Darnel. '■"Another parable put he before them, saying, Likened was the kingdom of the heavens to a man sowing good seed in his °lleld ; ''and, while °men °were sleeping, his °enemy came and sowed over darnel in amongst the wheat, and aw.ay he went. '^And when the blade grew and brought forth fruit, then appeared the darnel also. '^And the servants of the householder, coming near, said to him, Sir! [was it] not good seed thou wast sowing in °thy field? whence then has it darnel ? "And °he said to them, A man that is an enemy did this. And the servants say to him, Wilt thou then that we go and collect it? '^And %e says No, lest at any time, while collecting the darnel, ye should uproot along with it the wheat. ^° Suffer to grow together both until the harvest. And, in the harvest season, I will say to the reapers. Collect ye first the darnel, and bind it into bundles with a view to the burning it up ; but the wheat be ye gathering into my °barn. § 34. The Grain of Mustard Seed. Mm. iv. 30-32 ; Lu. xiii. 18, 19. "Another parable put he before them, saying, Like is the kingdom of the heavens to a grain of mustard-seed, which a man took and sowed in his °field. ''Which indeed is less than all the seeds; but, whensoever it may be grown, is greater than tlie herbs, and becomes 28 MATTHEW, XIII. 33-44. a tree, so tliat tlie birds of the heaven come and take shelter among its "branches. § 35. The Leaven. Lu. xiii. 20, 21. ^^ Another parable spake he to them, Like is the kingdom of the heavens to leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour, until leavened was the-whole." § 36. Without a Parable — nothing. Mar. iv. 33, 34. ^^All these things spake °Jesus in parables to the multitudes; and, without a parable, he was speaking nothing to them ; '^that it might be fulfilled °vvhich was spoken through the prophet,' saying, " I will open in parables my °mouth : I will bring up things which have been hid from foundation." § 37. Private Explanation of the Darnel. ^^Then, dismissing the multitudes, he went into the house; and his °disciples came near to him, saying, Make quite plain to us the parable of the darnel of the field. ^^And °\vi, answering, said, °He who sows the good seed is the Son of °Man: ^'and the field is the world; and the good seed — these are the sons of the kingdom; and the darnel- seeds are the sons of the evil one; ^'and the enemy °who sowed thein is the adversary; and the harvest is a conclusion of an age;"^ and the reapers are messengers.'' '"'Just, therefore, as collected is the darnel, and with fire is burned, so will it be in the conclusion of the age." ■"The Son of °Man will send forth his °mcssengers,'' and they will collect out of his "kingdom all the causes of offence and the doers of "lawlessness, ^^and will cast them into the furnace of the fire: there will be the wailins: and the gnashing of the teeth. ''^Then the righteous will shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their "Father. °He who has ears to hear let him hear. § 38. The Hid Treasure. ** Like is the kingdom of the heavens to a treasure which has been hid in the field, which a man, finding, hid ; and, by reason of his °joy, he withdraws and sells all things as many as he has, and buys that °field. " 1 Co. T. 6. '' Ps. IxxTiii. 2. ' eliap. xii. 32, uote. '' Lu. i. II. note. MATTHEW, XIII. 45— XIV. 2. 29 § 39. One very precious Pearl. ""Again, like is the kingdom of the heavens to a man, a merchant, seeking beautiful pearls; ■'"and, finding one very precious pearl, de- parting, he at once sold all things, as many as he had, and bought it. § 40. T7te Draff- net. ■"Again, like is the kingdom of the heavens to a large drag-net cast into the lake, and out of every kind gathering; '"'which, when it was fdled, they dragged up on the beach ; and, sitting down, collected the good into vessels, but the worthless forth they cast. '"' So will it be in the conclusion of the age :" the messengers* will come forth and separate the evil out from amidst the righteous, '"and will cast them into the furnace of the fire: there will be the wailing and the gnashing of the teeth. §41. T7ie Well-tauglit Scribe — Things New and Old. "'Understood ye all these things? They say to him. Yes. ^^And °he said to them. Wherefore, every Scribe thoroughly instructed as to the kingdom of the heavens is like to a man, a householder, who puts forth out of his "treasure things new and old. § 42. Offence at the Carpenters Son. Mar.vi. 2-6. (Compare Jno. vi. 42.) •"And it came to pass, when °Jesus finished these "parables, he re- moved from thence. ^^And, coming into his °own city, he was teach- ing them in their "synagogue, so that with astonishment they were being struck and were saying. Whence, to this one, this "wisdom and the works of power? ^^Is not this one the son of the carpenter? Is not hi_s "mother called Mary, and his "brothers, James and Joseph and Simon and Judas? ^^And his "sisters — are they not all with tis ? Whence, then, to this one, all these things? ^'And they were finding cause of offence'^ in him. But "Jesus said to them, A prophet'' is not without honour except in his "own city and in his "house. **And he did not perform, there, many works of power, because of their "un- belief § 43. John the Immerser beheaded. Mar. vi. 14-29 ; Lu. i.x. 7-9. CH. XIV. In that "season, Herod the tetrarch heard the report of Jesus, ^and said to his "servants. This one is John the Immerser : |)$ " chap. lii. 32, note. ' Lu. i. 11, note. ' chap. xi. 6. ^ Jno. ir. 44; Lu. ir. 24. 30 JIATTHEW, XIV. 3-21. arose from tlic dead ! and, for this reason, the powers are inworking within him. *For °Herod," securing °John, bound him, and in the prison put [him] away, because of Herodlas the wife of Philip, his "brother. ■•For °John kept saying to him, It is not allowable for thee to have her. *And desiring to kill him, he feared the multitude, because as a prophet' were they holding him. ^But, a birth day feast of °Herod occurring, the daughter of °Herodias danced in the midst, and pleased °Herod ; ' wherefore with an oath he agreed to give her whatsoever she might ask for herself. 'And °she, being led on by her "mother, Give me, says she, here, upon a tray, the head of John the Immerser. "And, the king, though grieved, yet because of the oaths and the guests, ordered [it] to be given ; '"and sent and beheaded John in the prison. "And his °head was brought upon a tray, and was given to the maiden, and she brought [it] to her "mother. '^And his "disciples, coming near, bare away the corpse and buried him; and went and reported [it] to "Jesus. § 44. Five Thousand fed. Mar. vi. 32-44; Lu. ix. 10-17 ; Jno. vi. 1-13. ''And "Jesus, hearing [it], retired from thence, in a boat, into a desert place, apart. And the multitudes, hearing [it], followed him on foot from the cities. '''And, coming forth, he saw a great multitude, and was moved with compassion'^ over them, and cured their "sick. '^And, evening arriving, the disciples came unto him saying, The place is a desert, and the hour even now passed by; dismiss the multi- tudes, that they may go away into the villages and buy for themselves food. ""But "Jesus said to them. No need have they to go away: give JJC them to eat. '^But "they say to him, We have nothing here except five loaves and two fishes. '^'But "he said. Bring them to me here. "And, — ordering the multitudes to recline on the grass, — taking the five loaves and the two fishes, — looking up into the heaven, — he blessed ; and, breaking, gave the disciples the loaves, and the disciples the multitudes. ^°And they all ate and were filled; and they took up the remainder of the broken pieces, twelve baskets full. '"And "they who were eating were about five thousand men, besides women and children. ■■ Lu. iii. 19, 20. ' chap. ixi. 26 ; Mar. xi. 32 ; Lu. xx. 6. ' cliap. ix. 36. MATTHEW, XIV. 22— XV. 5. 31 §45. Jesus walks on the Lake. Mar. vl. 45-5G; Jno. vi. 16-21. ^■'And straightway constrained he tlie disciples to enter into a boat and be going before him to the otlicr side, till whensoever he should dismiss the multitudes. ^^And, dismissing the multitudes, he went up into the mountain, apart, to pray. And, when evening came, he was alone there. "Xow the boat still many furlongs from the land was holding off, being distressed by the waves ; for contrary was the wind. -^And, in the-fourth watch of the night, he came unto them, walking upon the lake. '^And the disciples, seeing him, on the lake walking, were troubled, saying. It is a ghost;" and, by reason of their °fear, they cried out. ^'And straightway ° Jesus spake to them, saying, Take courage! it is I, be not ati-aid. ^^And °Peter, answering him, said. Lord ! if it is tljOtt, bid me come unto thee upon the waters. ^"And he said. Come! And, going down from the boat, Peter walked tipon the waters, to go unto °Jesus. ^^ And, seeing the wind strong, he was affiighted ; and, beginning to sink, cried out, saying. Lord! save me. " And straightway °Jesus, stretching forth his °hand, laid hold upon him, and says to him, Little-of-faith ! why didst thou doubt? ^■'And when they came up into the boat, the wind abated. '^And °they in the boat, coming, worshipped him, saying Truly God's Son thou art. ^'And, going across, they went over the land into Gcnnesaret. ''And, recognizing him, the men of that °place sent out into the-whole of that "region, and thev broiiciht unto him all °who were ill; "'and were beseeching him — that they might only touch the fringe of his °mantle; and as many as touched [it] were made quite well. § 46. Eating with Unwashed Hands. Mar. vii. 1-23. CH. XV. Then there come unto °Jesus from Jerusalem Pharisees and Scribes, saying, ^Wherefore do thy "disciples transgress the tradition of the elders ? for they wash not their "hands whensoever bread they may be eating. 'But "he, answering, said to them, Wherefore do even gc transgress the commandment of "God for-the-sake of your "tradition? ''For "God said,* " Honour thy "father and thy "mother ;" and " "He wjio reviles father or mother, by death let him die." '^f, however, say. Whosoever may say to his "father or to his "mother, "A gift! what- " Greek; " phaniaama ;" literally, "a phantom," "apparitiou." ' Ex. xx. 12; xxi. 17. 32 MATTHEW, XV. 6-27. soever by me tliou mightest be profited," ^in nowise sliall honour liis °father or his "mother ! and ye cancelled the word of °God for-the-sake of your "tradition. ^ Hypocrites 1 well prophesied concerning you Isaiah," saying, '"This "people with the lips is honouring me, but their "heart afar is holding off from me: 'to no purpose, however, are they worshipping nie, teaching for teachings, tlie commandments of men." '"And, calling near the multitude, he said to them, Hear ye and understand! "Not "that which enters into the mouth defiles the man, but "that which proceeds forth out of the mouth — this defiles the man. '-Then, coming near, his "disciples say to him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees, hearing the word, took oflence ? ''And "he, answering, said. Every plant which my "heavenly "Father did not plant will be uprooted. '■* Let them alone ! they are bhnd leaders ' of blind men: and if perchance a blind man be leading a blind man, both into a ditcli will fall. "And "Peter, answering, said to him, Declare to us the parable. '^And "he said, To this moment are even gC without discernment? "Do ye not perceive that every thing "which enters into the mouth into the stomach finds way, and into a sewer is passed? "while the things which proceed forth out of the moutli, out of the heart come forth, and tijCl) defile the man. "For out of the heart come forth evil deliberations — murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false-testimonies, profane-speakings. ^^ These are the things which defile the man; but the eating with unwashed hands does not defile the man. § 47. Canaanite Womaris Daughter healed. Mar. vii. 24-.30. "'And, going forth from thence, "Jesus retired into the parts of Tyre and Sidon. ^^And, behold ! a Canaanite woman, from those "borders coming forth, was crying out, saying : Have mercy on me, Lord! Son of David! my "daughter is miserably demonized. -'"He, however, did not answer her a word. And his "disciples, coming for- ward, were requesting him, saying. Dismiss her, because she is crying out after us. -''But "he, answering, said, I was not sent forth save unto the lost "sheep of Israel's house." ''' And "she, coming, was wor- shipping him, saying, Lord! help me. ^""But "he, answering, said, It is not seemly to take the loaf of the children and cast to the little dogs. ^'And "she said. True, Lord! for even the little dogs cat from the " Is. xxix. 13. ' Ln. Ti. 39. " Compare Ro. xv. 8. MATTHEW, XV. 28— XVI. 4. .^3 crumbs °whicli arc falling from the table of their "masters. ''Then, answering, °Jesus said to her, 0 woman ! great [is] thy "faith : be it done for thee as thou desirest. And her "daughter was healed from that "hour. § 48. Four Thousand fed. ]\Iar. vili. 1-10. (Compare chap. xiv. 13, etc.) ^'And passing on from thence, "Jesus came near the lake of "Galilee; and, going up into the mountain, was sitting' there. ^"And there came unto him large multitudes, having with themselves lame, blind, dumb, maimed, and many others; and they cast them near his "feet; and he cured them; ''so that the multitudes marvelled, seeing dumb speaking, maimed sound, and lame walking, and blind seeing; and they glorified the God of Israel. '^But °,Jesus, calling near his "disciples, said, Jly compassions are moved towards the multitude; be- cause even now three days abide they with me, and they have nothing they may eat; and to dismiss them fasting I am not willing, lest by any means they faint in the way. ^'And his "disciples say to him, Whence, to us, in a wilderness, loaves in such numbers as to fill a multitude so great? '*And "Jesus says to them, How many loaves have ye? And "they said. Seven — and a few small fishes. '*And, sending word to the multitude to recline upon the ground, ''he took the seven loaves and the fishes ; — giving thanks, he brake and was giving to his "disciples, — and the disciples to the multitudes. ^^And they all ate and were filled, and the remainder of the broken pieces took they up — seven hampers full. ''And "they who were eating were four-thousand men, besides women and children. '"And, dis- missing the multitudes, he went up into the boat, and came into the borders of Magadan. §49. A Sign refused. Jlar. viii. 11-13. (Compare chap. xii. 38-40; Lu. xii. 54-56.) CH. XVI. And the Pharisees and Sadducees, coming near, tempting, requested him a sign out of the heaven to exhibit to them. ' But "he, answering, said to them. When evening comes, ye say. Fair ! for fiery is the heaven. 'And at morn. To-day, a storm! for fiery though sad is the heaven. The face of the heaven, indeed, ye learn to distinguish; but the signs of the seasons ye cannot. ^An evil and adulterous gene- ration is seeking after a sign, and a sign will not be given it — save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed. 4 34 MATTHEW, XVI. 5-21. §50. Beware of the Leaven. Mar. viii. 14-21. (Compare Lu. xii. 1.) *And the disciples, coming unto the other side, forgot to take loaves. *And °Jesus said to them, Mind! and beware of tlie leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees. ^And °tliey were deliberating among them- selves, saying, Because loaves we did not take! *And, observing [it], °Jesus said, Why are ye deliberating among yourselves, little-of-faith ! because loaves ye did not take? 'Not yet perceive ye, neither re- member— the five loaves of the five-thousands, and how many baskets ye received? '"Xor the seven loaves of the four- thousands, and how many hampers ye received? "How is it ye do not perceive that not concerning loaves I spake to you? but — beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees. '^Then understood they that he did not bid beware of the leaven of the loaves, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees. §51. Peter confessing and confessed. Mar. viii. 27-30; Lu. ix. 18-21. '^And °Jesus, coming into tlic parts of Ciesarea of °Philip, was qu ;stioning his °disciples, saying, Who are °inen saying that the Son of °JIan is? '''And °they said, °Some, indeed, John the Immerser; and others, Elijah ; but others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets. '*Ho says to them. But who do gt say that I am? '^And Simon Peter, answering, said, STIjOtt" art the Christ, the Son of the living °God. "And °Jesus, answering, said to him, Happy art thou, Simon Bar Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal [it] to thee, but my "Father °who is in the heavens. "And J also — to thee — say that fljOU art Peter,* and upon this °rock will I build mine °assembly, and Hades' gates shall not prevad against it. ''And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of the heavens; and whatsoever thou mayest bind " upon the earth shall have been bound in the heavens, and what- soever thou mayest loose upon the earth shall have been loosed in the heavens. ^"Then gave he directions to the disciples, in order that to no one they should say: 5i>C is the Christ. § 52. The needs be of the Cross. Mar. viii. 31-38; Lu. ix. 22-27. " From that time began °Jesus to be pointing out to his °disciples that he must needs into Jerusalem go away; and many things suffer •* Jno. vi. (J9. ^ Tlint !;» : "Tliou art petros, and on this petrn ;" or^' Thou art a piece-of- riick.aiid (in this rock." Xote tliat our Lord doca not say : "And on thee." ' chap.XTiii. 18. MATTHEW, XVI. 22.— XVII. 8. 35 from the Elders and High-priests and Scribes; and be slain; and on the third day arise. ^'And, taking him aside, °Peter began to rebuke him, saying, . . . gracious to thee, Lord ! in nowise will this befall tliee. ^'But °he, turning, said to °Peter, Withdraw behind me, Satan, a snare art thou of mine ; because thou art not regarding the things of °God, but the things of °men. **Then °Jesus said to his °disciples. If anyone intends after me to come, let him utterly deny himself and take up his "cross" and be following me. ''■^For whosoever may be intending his °soul * to save shall lose it; but whosoever may lose his °soul for my sake shall find it. ^^For what will a man be profited, if perchance the-whole of the world he gain, and his °soul he forfeit? Or what will a man give as an exchange for his °soul? ^'For the Son of °j\lan is about to be coming in the glory of his °Father, with his "messengers, and then will he render to each one according to his "practice. ^* Verily ! I say to you, there are some of "those here standing, who, indeed, in nowise may taste of death, till whensoever they may see the Son of "iMan coming in his "kingdom. §53. The Transformation: Elijah: Sufferings. Mar. ix. 2-13; Lu. ix. 28-36. CH. XVII. And, after six days, "Jesus takes with him "Peter and James and John his "brother; and brings them up into an high moun- tain apart; ^and was transformed"^ before them; and his "face shone as tbe sun, and his ''garments became white as the light. 'And, behold! there appeared to them Moses and Elijah, conversing with him. ■* And answering, "Peter said to "Jesus, Lord ! it is delightful for us to be here. If thou wilt, let us make here three tents — for thee one, and for Jloses one, and for Elijah one. * While yet he was speaking, behold! a brightly shining cloud overshadowed them; and, behold! a voice out of the cloud, saying. This is my "Son,'' the Beloved, in whom I delighted: be hearkening to him. ^And hearing [it], the disciples fell upon their face, and were violently affrighted. ^And "Jesus came near, and touched them and said, Arise ! and be not afraid. *And, lifting up their "eyes, no one saw they, save "Jesus only. " cliap. X. 38. ' chap. X. .39 ; Lu. ix. 25 ; xvii. 33 ; Jno. xii. 25. ' Changed from within : more thau " transfigured." See Ko. xii. 2. ''2 Pe. i. 17 ; chap. iii. 17 ; Mar. i. 11 ; Lu. iii. 22. 36 MATTHEW, XVII. 9-24. 'And, as they were descending out of the mountain, ° Jesus com- manded them, saying. To no one may ye tell the vision, till when the Son of °JM;in from among the-dcad arise. '"And the disciples ques- tioned him, saying, Why then do the Scribes say, that Elijah must needs come first? "And °he, answering, said, Elijah, indeed, is coming, and will restore all things; '^but I say to you that Elijah just now came, and they recognized him not, but did with him as many things as they pleased: thus, even the Son of °Man is about to suffer by them. ''Then perceived the disciples that concerning John the Immerser he spake to them. §54. Jesus cures one, tcliom the Disciples could not. Mar. ix. 14-29; Lu. ix. 37-42. '■•And when they came unto the multitude, there approached him a man, falling on his knees to him, '''and saying, Lord! have mercy on my °son, because he is lunatic and in a grievous condition ; for rnany times he falls into the fire, and many times into the water. '^And I brought him unto thy °disciples, and they were unable to cure him. ''And, answering, °Jesus said, 0 faithless and perverted generation! till when shall I be with you? till when shall I bear with you? bring him to me here. '^And °J,esus rebuked it, and the demon went forth from him, and the boy was cured from that °hour. ''Then, coming near, the disciples to °Jesus privately said, For what reason were top not able to cast it out? ^"And °he says to them. By reason of your "little faith; for verily ! I say to you, if perchance ye should have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye will say to this "mountain, liemove hence yonder, and it shall be removed; and nothing shall be impossible to you. ^" This "kind, however, goes not forth, except in prayer and fasting. § 55. Third Announcement of Sufferings. JIar, ix. 30-32 ; Lu. ix. 43-45. "And as they were being gatliered together in "Galilee, "Jesus said to them. The Son of "Alan is about to be delivered up into men's hands, ^^and they will slay him, and on the third day will he arise. And they were grieved exceedingly. § 56. A Fish furnishes Tribute Money. ''^And, when they came into Capernaum, "those who the half-shekel MATTHEW, XVII. 25— XVIII. 12. 37 were receiving came near unto °Peter and said, Your °teacher — does he not pay the half-shekel?" '^'He says, Yes! And, comino- into the house, °Jesus anticipated him, saying. How to thee does it seem, Simon? The kings of the earth — from whom receive they dues or tax? from their °sous, or from the aliens? '^And when he said. From the aliens, °Jesus said to him, Well then, free are the sons! ^'In order, however, that we may not give them offence, go, into [the] lake cast a hook, and — the first fish coming up — take; and, openino- its °mouth, thou shalt find a shekel ; that take and give them for me and thee. § 57. Little ones to be copied, not ensnared, despised, or lost. JIar. ix. 33-37, 40-47; Lu. ix. 46-48. (xv. 4-7.) CH. XVIII. In that °hour came near the disciples unto °Jesus, saying, Who then is greater in the kingdom of the heavens? -And, calling near a child, he placed it in [the] midst of them, ^and said, Verily! I say to you, except perchance ye may turn and become as the children, in nowise may ye enter into the kingdom of the heavens. ■• Whoever, therefore, will humble hiinself as this °child, the-same is the greater in the kingdom of the heavens. ^And whosoever may welcome one cliild such as this upon my °name, welcomes me; *but whosoever may ensnare one of these "^little ones °w]io put fiiith in me, it is better for him — that there be hung a large mill-stone about his °neck, and he be sunk in the wide main of the sea. 'Alas! for the world by reason of the snares; for it [is] necessary for the snares to come ; nevertheless, alas ! for the man through whom the snare comes. 'If, however, thy °hand ' or thy °foot is ensnaring thee, cut it off and cast from thee: it is seemly for thee to enter into °life lame or maimed, than having two hands or two feet to be cast into the age-abiding"^ °fire. 'And if thine °eye "* is ensnaring thee, pluck it out and cast from thee: it is seemly for thee — one-eyed — into °life to enter, than having two eyes, to be cast into tlie gehenna of the fire. '"Beware! ye may not despise one of these "little ones; for I say to you that their "messengers in [the] heavens continually behold the fice of my "Father "who is in [the] heavens. tii)« 12 How to you does it seem? If perchance a certain man come to " Ex. ixx. U-16. ' chap. t. 30. ' Sao. iii. 15, note. ■* cliap. v. 29. ' Sinai MS. omits. 38 MATTHEW, XVIII. 13-25. have an hundred sheep," and one from among them go astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine upon the mountains, and, going, is seeking the straying one ? " And if perchance he happen to find it, verily I I say to you, that he rejoices over it rather tlian over the ninety-nine °which have not gone astray. ''' In like manner, there is not a desire in presence of my "Father °who is in [the] heavens, that one of these "little ones should be lost. § 58. How to gain, and Jiow often to forgive an offending Brother. Parahle of tite forgiven yet unforgiving Servant. "But if perchance thy "brother* sin against thee,'' withdraw ! con- vict him betwixt thee and him alone. If perchance to thee he hearken, . . thou didst gain thy "brother! ""but if perchance he do not hearken, take along with thee yet one or two, in order that on mouth of two witnesses or three,'' every declaration may be established ; ''and if perchance he refuse to hearken to them, speak to the assembly; and if perchance even to the assembly he refuse to hearken, let him be to thee just as the Gentile and the tax-collector. '* Verily ! I say to you, as many things soever as ye may bind" upon the earth, shall have been bound in the heaven; and as many things soever as ye may loose upon the earth, shall have been loosed in the heaven. "Again, verily! I say to you that if perchance two from among you will agree — upon the earth — concerning any matter whatsoever they may ask, it shall be brought *to pass for them from my "Father "who [is] in [the] heavens. '■'"For, where there are two or three, gathered together into my "name,'^ there I am in [the] midst of them. ^' Then, coming forward, "Peter said to him. Lord! how many times shall my "brother sin against me, and I forgive him? — unto seven times? -^ "Jesus says to him, I do not say to thee, unto seven- times; but, unto seventy-times seven. ^^ Wherefore, likened was the kinjrdom of the heavens to a man — a king — who wished to settle an account with his "servants. ^^And, when he began to settle, there was brought unto him one debtor of ten-thousands of talents." "And he not having [wherewith] to pay. <* Lu. IV. 4-7. * Lu. xvii.3, 4. * "Against thee" — somewhat doubtful {TregcUes) : not ill Sinai MS. "* De. six. 15 ; 2 Co. xiii. 1. ' cliap. xvi. 19. / " Eis onoma is not iden- tical witli en oiwmati tilher iiere or in eliap. xxviii. 19. (Bnptizin^ tlicni not in the name, but inio the name, etc.), so that they iiiiiy bi? nienibers of the churcli bearins the name of, ete." (Faut»f>et, Note to Beiiyel.) Hence this promise bears on the very constitution of a Christian assembly. See Stier. s A taleut is variously computed, at from £187 10«.,to£250. MATTHEW, XVIII. 26— XIX. 7. 39 the master ordered liira to be sold, and liis °wife and the children, and all things as many as he had, and payment to be made. 'Tallinc down, therefore, the servant was worshipping him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. ^'And, moved with com- passion, the master of tliat "servant released him, and forgave himlhe debt. '•'*And, going o^t, that "servant found one of his "fellow- servants, who was owing him an hundred denaries;" and, securin"' him, was seizing him by the-throat, saying, Pay! if anything thou owest. '^Falling down, therefore, his "fellow-servant was beseeching liim, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee. ^^ "He, however, was not willing, but went away and cast him into prison, until he should pay "that w^hich was owing. '' Therefore, his "fellow-servants, seeing the things which were done, were grieved exceedingly ; and went and distinctly declared to their own "master all the things which were done. '^Then, calling him near, his "master says to him, Evil servant! all that "debt forgave I thee, because thou didst beseech me: ''was it not binding on thee also to have mercy on thy "fellow-servant, as even E on thee had mercy? '''And, provoked to anger, his "master delivered him up to the torturers, until he should pay all "that which was owing. '^In this manner also my "heavenly "Father will do to you, if perchance ye may not forgive, each one his "brother, from your "hearts. § 59. Concerning Divorce. Mar. x. 1-12. CH. XIX. And it came to pass when °Jesus ended these "words, he removed from "Galilee and came into the borders of "Judsea beyond the Jordan. ^And there followed him large multitudes, and he cured them there. 'And there came unto him Pharisees, tempting him and saying, Whether is it allowed a man to divorce his "wife for an}' cause ? *And "he, answering, said, Did ye never read' that "he who created from beginning, "male and female made them," ^and said, "Fortius cause,'^ will a man leave beliind [his] "father and "mother, and be united to his "wife, and the two will become one flesh"? "so that no longer are they two, but one flesh. What, therel'ore, "God yoked- together, let a man not put asunder. 'They say to him, Why then « A denary is equal to about "Ad., nearly - Greek drachma. ' Ge. i. 27. ' Ge. ii. "24. 40 ^MATTHEW, XIX. 8-21. did Jloses command" to give a writing of repudiation and to divorce.' *He says to them, Moses, in view of your °liardnes3 of lieart, permitted you to divorce your °wives; from [the] beginning, however, it has not been done thus. " I say to you, moreover, Whosoever may divorce his °wife' — not on tlie ground of fornication, and may marry another, is committing adultery; and °he who married a divorced woman is committing aduhery. '"His "disciples say to him, If thus is the cause of the man with the woman, it is no profit to marry. "But °he said to them, Xot all find room for this °saying, but [those] to whom it has been given. '^For there are eunuchs who from mother's womb were born so, and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by °men, and there are eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for-the-sake of the kingdom of the heavens. °He who is able to find room let him find room. §60. Children hrouglit to Jesus. ^lar. x. 13-16; Lu. xviii. 15-17. "Then were brought unto him children, that he might lay [his] "hands on them, and pray; but the disciples rebuked them. '•'° Jesus, however, said. Permit the children — and do not forbid them — to come unto me ; for of °such as these is ' the kingdom of the heavens. '■'And, laying [his] °hands on them, he went from thence. § 61. A Rich Ruler. " We left all" Twelve Thrones. JIar. x. 17-31; Lu. xviii. 18-30. '^And, behold! one coining unto him said. Teacher! what good thing may I do, that I may have age-abiding life? "But °he said to him. Why dost thou question me concerning °that which is good? One is '^he that is good; if, liowever, thou desircst into "^life to enter, be keeping the commandments! '^Ile says to him. Which? But °Jesus said. The [following]:'^ "Thou shall not commit murder: thou shall not commit adultery : Thou shall not steal : Thou shall not bear false-witness: '^Honour [thy] °father and [thy] °niother;" and, " Tliou shall love' thy "neighbour as thyself." '"The young man fcxys to him. These all I kept, what further do I lack? '"°Jesus said to him. If thou desircst to be perfect, withdraw ! sell thy "substance'^ and give to the destitute;^ and thou shall have treasure in " De. xxiv. 1. *■ chap. v. 32; Lu. xvi. 18. ' Or, "to euch as tliese belongs." ■* Ki. TX. 12-lti. ' Lc. xix. 18. J Or, " wljat tliou alrcudy hast." c Who have uothing. MATTHEW, XIX. 22— XX. 7. 41 [the] heavens; and, come! be following me. ^^And tlie young man, hearing the word, went away sorrowing; for he was holding large possessions. ^' And °Jesus said to his °disciples, Verily ! I say to you that a rich [man] with difficulty will enter into the kingdom of the heavens. ^'' Again, moreover, I say to you. It is easier for a camel through an eye of a needle to enter, than for a rich [man] to enter into the king- dom of the heavens. ^^And, hearing [it], the disciples were being greatly struck with astonishment, saying. Who then can possibly be saved? ^^And, looking at [them], °Jesus said to them. With men, this is impossible, but with God" all things [are] possible. "Then, answering, °Peter said to him. Behold! 4l)t left all and followed thee; what then shall there be for us? ^'And °Jesus said to them. Verily! I say to you that gC °who followed me, in the regeneration, whensoever the Sou of °Man may sef ! fill ye up the measure of your "fathers. ^'Serpents! broods of vipers I how should yc flee from the judgment of the gehcnna?'' ^MVherefore, behold I I send forth unto you prophets and wise [men] and scribes: [some] from among them ye will slay and crucify, and [some] from among them ye will scourge in your "synagogues and persecute from city into city: ^'to-the-end there may come upon you all righteous blood poured forth upon the ground, from the blood of Abel the righteous unto the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom ye murdered between the Temple and the altar. '^Verily! I say to you, all these things will have come upon this "generation. '^Jerusalem!' Jerusalem! "who slays the prophets and stones "those sent forth unto her! . . how many times desired I to gather together thy "children, like as a hen gathers together her "chickens under [her] "wings, and ye desired not. ^'Behold! your "house is left to you desolate. ^'For I say to you, In nowise may ye see me ' Lu. li. 42. ' Lu. xi. 39-14. ' Lu. xi. 47 51. ^ cljap. li. 23, note. ' Lu. xiij. 34, 35. .MATTHEW, XXIV. 1-18. 51 henceforth, till whensoever ye may say, "Blessed" [is] °he who is coming in [the] name of [the] Lord." § 77. The Pruph'cij on Mount Olivet, Mar. xiii.; Lii. xxi. CH. XXIV. And ^Jesus coming forth from the Temple, was takin'^ his departure; and his "disciples came forward to point out to him the buildings of the Temple. ^°He, however, answering, said to them. Are ye not beholding all these things ? Verily ! I say to you, In nowise may there be left, here, stone upon stone which will not be thrown down. ^And, as he was sitting upon the Jlount of °01ivcs, the disciples came unto liiui privately, saying, Tell us when these things ■will be ? and what, the sign of °thine arrival ' and conclusion of the age? *And, answering, °Jesus said to them, Be taking heed lest anyone deceive you. *For many will come on my °name, saying, I am the Christ, and will deceive many. ^^loreover, ye will be sure to be hearing of wars and rumours of wars: mind! be not alarmed; for it must needs happen, but not yet is the end. 'For there will arise nation against nation and kingdom against kingdom, and there will be famines and earthquakes in [various] places. 'Xow all these things [are] a beginning of birth-pangs. 'Then will they deliver you up into tribulation and will slay you; and ye will be [men] hated '^ by all the nations because of my °name. '"And then will many be offended, and one another will deliver up, and hate one another; "and many false-prophets will arise and deceive many; ''^and because of °lawless- ness °being brought to [the] full the love of the many will grow cold. ''But °he who endures throughout'' — the-same shall be saved. "''And tVns°joyful message' of the kingdom will be proclaimed in the-whole of the inhabited [earth], for a witness to all the nations; and then will have come the end. '^Whensoever, therefore, ye may see the abomination of the desola- tion-''— °that spoken of through Daniel the prophet — standing in a holy place (°he that reads, let him think!), "'tl_ien, °those in °Judffia, let them flee into the mountains: '^°he [who is] on the house-top,^ let him not come down to take away the things out of his °house ; "and " P8. civiil. 26. <> 1 Tlies. ii. 19, note. ' chap. x. 22; Mar. liii. 13; Lu. xii. 17. ■* oliup. X. 22. ' chap. iv. 23, note. / Mar. xiii. 14 ; Da. ix. 27 ; xi. 31. I Lu. xvii. 31. 52 MATTHEW, XXIV. 19-34. °lie [who is] in the field, let him not turn back to take away his °mantle. "But, alas ! for the [women] with child and for °those giving suck in those °days. ^"But be praying in order that your ^flight may not happen in winter nor on sabbath. ^'For there will be, then, great tribulation, — such as has not happened from [the] be- ginning of [the] world until the present, no indeed ! nor in any wise may happen. ^^And if tliose °days had not been shortened," no flesh would have been saved; but because of the chosen those °days will be shortened. ^^Then, if perchance anyone to you say, "Behold ! here [is] the Christ," or "here," ye may not believe [it]. '^For tliere will arise false-christs and false-prophets, and tliey will give great signs and ■wonders, so as to be deceiving, if possible, even the chosen. ^''Behold! I have foretold you. ''^If, perchance, therefore, they may say to you. Behold ! * in the wilderness he is ! ye may not go forth. Behold ! in the chambers! ye may not believe [it]. ^^For just as the lightning comes forth from east and shines unto west — so will be the arrival '^ of the Son of °ilan. ^'Wheresoever may be the corpse,'* there will be gathered the vultures. -^And, straightway after the tribulation of tliose °days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give her "brightness, and the stars will fall from the heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken, '"And then will be displayed the sign of the Son of °Man in heaven ; and then will smite [their breasts] all the tribes of the earth, and they will see the Son of °iMan coming upon the clouds of the heaven with power and great glory. ^' And he will send forth his "messengers with a trumpet's great voice, and they will gather together' his °chosen out of the four winds — from bounds of heavens unto their "bounds. '^Xow, from the fig-tree, learn ye the parable: Whensoever already her "young branch may become tender and the leaves may be sprout- ing, ye are taking note that near [is] the summer. ''Thus even gC, whensoever ye may see all these things,.'^ be taking note that it is near, at [the] doors. '^ Verily I I say to you, that this "generation in nowise may pass away till whensoever all these things may happen. " Or, " docked," " curtailed." ' Lu xvii. 22, 24. « 1 Tlies. ii. 19, note. ^ Lu, xvii. 37. • Or, "gatlier togellicr anam." / "'AH ihere tilings" — "uppermost and ontstiinding iu tlie disciples' tliouglits . . tlie things connected with tljc Temple and Jerusalem." (Morisou. MATTHEW, XXIV. 35- XXV. 6. 53 *'The heaven and tlie eartli will pass away, but my °woids in nowise may pass away. '"But, concci-ning that "day ami houi-, no one" knows — not even the messengers of the heavens — save the Father only. ^'For just as [were] tlie days of °Xoah,' so will be the arrival ' of tlie Son of °Man. ^^For, as they were in those °days °that [were] before tlio flood, feeding and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until [the] day on which Xoah entered into the ark, ^'and noticed not till the flood came and took away all together, so will be the arrival " of the Son of ^^lan. '"'Tlien, two [men] will be in the field — one is taken near, and one is left behind. '"Two [women] will be grinding in tlie mill — one is taken near, and one is left behind. ''^Be ve watching, therefore, because ye know not on what day your °Lord is coming. '"Of this, indeed, be taking note, that if the Jiouseholder '' had known in wliat watch the thief was coming, he would have been awake and not sufiered his °house to be dug through. ^^ Wherefore, be J)p also getting ready; because, in an hour in which ye are not thiiikinrr, the Son of °]\Ian is coniino-. ''^ Wlio then is the faithful and prudent servant, whom the master appointed over his "household °to give them [their] °food in season? ''^ Happy! that "servant whom his "master — coming — will find so doing. ■" Verily ! I say to you that over all his "substance will he appoint him. ''^If perchance, however, that "wicked servant shoidd say in his "heart, Delaying is my "master! '"and begin to be striking his "fellow-servants, and be eating and drinking with the drunken, '■"the master of that "servant will have come in a day on which he is not expecting, and in an hour in which he is not noticing, *'and will cut him asunder, and his "part with the hypocrites will appoint: there will be the wailing and the gnashing of the teeth. CH. XXV. Tlion, likened will be the kingdom, of the heavens to ten virgins ; who, indeed, taking their own "lamps, went forth to meet the bridegroom. ''But five from among them were foolish and five prudent; 'for the foolish, taking their "lamps, did not take with them- selves oil; ''but the prudent took oil in the vessels with their "lamps. *Xow, tlie bridegroom delaying, they all became drowsy, and were sleeping. ^And, at midnight, an outcrj' has been made, Behold! the " Mar. siii. 32. '' Lu. xvii. 26, 27. ' 1 Tlics. ii. 19, note. '^ Lu. lii. 39-46. 54 :\1ATTHE\V, XXV. 7-2G. bridegroom! be Koin": fortli to meet liim. 'Then arose all tliose °virgins, and tiimiiied their own "lumps. 'And the foolish to the prudent said, Give us of your °oil, beeause our °lamps are going out. ^But the prudent answered, saying, Lest at any time it may in nowise suffice for us and for you, be going rather unto °those who sell, and buy for yourselves. '"But, while they were going away to buy, the bridegroom came, and "those [who were] ready entered with him into the marriage-feast, and made fast was the door. "And afterwards come the remaining virgins also, saying. Lord ! Lord ! open to us. ''^But "he, answering, said. Verily! I say to you, I know" you not. ''Be watching, therefore, because ye know neither the day nor the hour. '^For [it is] just as a man going from home' [who] called his °ovvn servants and delivered up to them his "substance. '*And to one, indeed, gave he five talents ; and, to another, two ; and, to anotlier, one; — to each according to [liis] "particular ability; and went from home straightway. "'And "he who the five talents received went and traded with them, and gained other five. '^Likewise also "he who the two [received] gained other two. '"And "he who the one received went away, and dug up ground, and hid the silver of his "master. ''And, after a long time, comes the master of those "servants, and reckons with them. ^"And "he who the five talents received, coming forward, brought other five talents, saying, Master! five talents to me thou didst deliver up: see! other five talents I gained. ^' His "master said to him. Well-done! good and faithful servant! over a few things thou wast faithful, over many tilings will I appoint thee : enter into the joy of thy "master. -'^ And "he also who the two talents [received], coming forward, said, JMaster ! two talents to me didst thou deliver up: see! other two talents I gained. ^'His "master said to him, Well- done! good and faithful servant! over a few things thou wast faithful, over many things will 1 appoint thee : enter into the joy of tliy "master. "And "he also who the one talent had received, coming forward, said, Master! I got to know thee that thou art a hard ' man, reaping where thou sowedst not, and gathering whence thou win- nowedst not; "and, being overcome with fear, 1 went away and hid tliy "talent in the ground: see! thou hast "what is thine. '''And his * Or, " acknowledge :" eliap. vii. 23, note. ' Lu. xix. 11-27. " Introduction, § 5. MATTHEW, XXV. 27-4o. 55 '^ninstcr, answering, said to him, Evil and cowardly servant! didst thou know tliat I reap where I sowed not, and gather whence I winnowed not? ^'It was binding on thee, therefore, to cast my "silver to the money-changers : and, coming, J might have obtained for myself °wiiat was mine with interest. ^*Take away, therefore, froiri him, the talent, and give to °him who has the ten talents. ^' For, to °every one who has," shall be given, and he shall be made to abound; but, from °him who has not, even what he has shall be taken away from him. '"And the unprofitable servant cast ye forth into the.outer °darkncss: there will be the wailing and the gnashing of the teeth. " But whensoever the Son of °]\Ian in his °glory may come and all the messengers with him, tlien will he sit on a throne of his glory, '^and there will be gathered before him all the nations ; and he will separate them one from another, just as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; "and will set the sheep, indeed, on his right [hand], but the goats on [his] left. ^''Then will the king say to °those on his right [hand]. Come ye! the blessed of my °Fathei*! inherit the kingdom prepared for you from [the] foundation of [the] world. '''For I hungered, and ye gave me to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave me drink; a stranger was I, and ye took me home; '"naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me; in prison was I, and ye came unto me. 'Then will the righteous answer him, saying. Lord! when saw we thee hungering, and fed [thee]? or thirsting, and gave [thee] drink? '*And when saw we thee a stranger, and took [thee] home? or naked, and clothed [thee]? "Aiid when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? ^"And, answering, the king will say to them. Verily! I say to you, inasmuch as ye did [it] to one of these my °least "brethren, to me ye did [it]. ^'Then will he say to "those also on [liis] left [hand]. Depart ye from me, the accursed I into the age-abiding * "fire, "that which has been prepared for the adversary and his "messengers. ^'For I hungered, and ye gave me not to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave me not to drink; ^'a stranger was I, and ye took me not home; naked, and ye clothed me not ; sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. '"Then will even tJjCM answer, favinEr, Lord ! when saw we thee hunserinsj or thirstinsj or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not minister to thee? ^'Then clmp. xiii. 12 ; Mar. it. 25 ; Lu. viii. 18. ' Jno. iii. 15, note. 56 MATTHEW, XXY. 46— XXVI. 17. will lie answer tlieni, saving, Verily! I say to you, inasmuch as ye did [it] not to one of these, the least, neither to me did ye [it]. '"'And these shall go away into age-abiding" punishment, but the righteous into age-abiding" life. § 78. The Conspiracy to Betray, and the Anointing in Bethany. ]\Iar. xiv. 1-11; Lu. xxii. 1-6; Jno. xii. 1-8. CH. XXVI. And it came to pass, when °Jesus ended all these °words, he said to his °disciples, ^Ye know that, after two days, the passover takes place, and the Son of °JIan is delivered up °to be crucified. ^Then were gathered together' the High-priests and the Elders of the people into the court of the High-priest — the one called Caiaphas — ^and took counsel together in order that ° Jesus, by guile, they might secure and slay. *They were saying, however, Xot during the feast, lest an uproar arise among the people. ®But °Jesus happening to be in Bethany, in [the] house of Simon tiie leper, 'there came unto him a woman holding an alabaster-jar of costly perfume, and poured down upon his °head as he was re- clining. 'And tlie disciples, seeing [it], were sorely displeased, sa^'ing. To what end this "loss? ®for this could have been sold for much and given to [the] destitute. '"But °Jesus, taking note, said to them, Why vex ye the woman? for a seemly' work wrought she for me. "For always the destitute have ye with yourselves; me, however, not always have ye. '^For siijf, pouring this °perfume upon my °body, did [it] with a view °to prepare me for burial. '^ Verily ! I say to you, wheresoever this ^joyful message'' may be proclaimed in the-whole of the world, even what SljE did will be told for a memorial of her. "Then went one of the twelve — the one called Judas Iscariot — unto the High-priests, '*and said, What are ye willing to give ine, and I, to you, will deliver him up? And °they appointed him thirtv pieces- of-silver. '"And from that time he was seeking a favourable oppor- tunity that he might deliver him up. § 79. The Passover: the Old Feast, and the New. Mar. xiv. 12-26; Lu. xxii. 7-23. "'And, on the first of the [days of] unleavened [bread], the dis- ciples came unto °Jesus, saying. Where wilt thou we should prepare " Jno. iii. 15, note. ' Jno. xi. 47. " Or, "noble," "beautiful." "^ cliap. iv. 23, note. MATTHEW, XXVI. 18-34. 57 for tliee to cat tlie passover? '*And °he said, Go your way" into the city unto °sucli-a-one, and say to him, The teacher savs, ^ly °season is near, with thee will I keep the passover in company with my "disciples. "And the disciples did as °Jesus directed them, and prepared the passover. ^"And, when evening came, he was reclining with the twelve; ^'and, as they were eating, he said, Verily! I say to you that one from among you will deliver me up. '^^And, being exceedingly grieved, they began to be saying to him, each one, Can it be i, Lord? ^^And °he, answering, said, °He who dipped, with me, [his] °liand in the bowl — the-same will deliver me up. ^''Tiie Son of °.Man, indeed, withdraws according as it is written concerning him ; but, alas ! for that °man through whom the Son of °Man is delivered up : well would it have been for him, if that °man had not been born. ''And Judas, °he who was delivering him up, answering, said. Can it be I, Eabbi ? He says to him, Sri)OU saidst ! '^And, as they were eating,' °Jesus, taking a loaf, and blessing, brake: and, giving to the disciples, said. Take eat, this is "^ my "body. "And, taking a cup, and oifering thanks, he gave to them, savino-, Drink of it, all [of you]; '*for this is my °blood of the new covenant — the [blood] for-the-sake of many to be poured forth for remission of sins. ^'Moreover I say to you. In nowise may I drink hereafter of this "produce of the vine till that "day whensoever I may drink it with you — new'' — in the kingdom of my "Father. ^°And, havinu- sung praise, they went forth unto the ]\Iount of "Olives. ^80. Peters Denial foretold. Mar. xiv. 27-31 ; Lu. xxii. 31-34; Jno. xiii. 36-38. "Then "Jesus says to them, All »e will find cause of offence in me in this "night ; for it is written," " I will smite the shepherd, and scattered abroad will be the sheep of the flock." '^After my "arisinrr, however, I will go before you into "Galilee.-'^ ^^But "Peter, answering, said to him, If all will find cause of offence in thee, I never will find cause of offence. ""Jesus sakl to^him, Verily! I say to thee that in this "night before a cock crow, thrice wilt thou utterly deny me. " Or "willidraw." ' 1 Co. xi. 23-25. ' Or, "sets forth." Compare Die verb "to be" in Mat. ix. l:i; xii.7: xiii. 37-39; xxiii. 16, IS; Mar. ix. 10; Lu. xv. 26; xviii. 36; xx. 17; Ac. X 17 ; 1 Co. vii I« ; x. 4 ; Gal. iv. 24, 23 ; Ep. ir. 9 ; He. vii. 2 : Ke. i. 20, etc. <' Kew — 111 kind, or manner: not merely new-made. • Zee. xiii. 7. ^ chap, xxviii. 7. MATTHEW, XXVI. 50-64. 59 said, Joy to tliee, EabbI ! and eagerly kissed him. '"But °Jesus said to liiin, Friend!" wlierefbre art thou here? Then, coininiv forward, they thrust [their] °hands upon °Jesus and secured liim. "And behold ! one of °those with Jesus, stretching forth [his] °hand, grasped his °s\vord ; and, smiting the servant of tlie High- priest, cut off his °ear. ^'-Tlien °Jesus says to liini, Return tliy '^sword* into its °place ; for all °those taking a sword by a sword wilP perish. ''Or thinkest thou that I am not alile to call upon my °Father, and he will place near me, even now, more than twelve legions of messengers. *^Ho\v, then, would the Scriptures be fultilled, that thus it must needs come to pass? ""■In that ^liour, °Jcsus said to the multitudes. As against a robber, came ye forth with swords and clubs to arrest me? Daily, with you, in the Temple, I used to sit teaching, and ye secured me not. '"This, however, has wholly come to pass that the Scriptures of the prophets miglit be fulfilled. Then, all the disciples, forsaking him, fled. " And °tl)ey who secured °Jesus led [him] away unto Caiaphas the High-priest, where the Scribes and the Elders were gathered together. *'Now °Peter was following him afar off unto the court of tlie High-priest ; and, entering within, was sitting with the attendants to see the end. §83. Jesus before the High- Priest. iNIar. xiv. 55-65; Lu. xxii. 63-71 ; Jno. xviii. 12-23. *'And the High-priests and the-whole of the High-council were seeking false-witness against °Jesus, to-the-end that they might put him to death; ""and did not find [any], though many came forward as false-witnesses. At length, however, there came forward two ""'and said. This one said, I am able to take down the Temple "^ of °God. and in three days to build [it]. ^^And the High-priest, arising, said to him, Xothinor answerest thou? What are these atrainst thee bearin