,V 1'' ^ I'Tflfi ■v^^ r>^''X' M' '* N\- v\;\ /o.-L'j.bif Srom f^c feifirarg of (profeesor ^amuef (Qtiffer in (glemorg of 3ubgc ^amucf (Qliffer QSrecftint%e (Jjreeenfeb 6e ^amuef (ttttffet (^recfttnribge Siong fo f 3c fetfirarg of Qprincefon ^6^ofo0tcy^ohnRamnh for Georg, Thomson and Oc7.vUn Pullen, and arc ^it jmx '° ^^ ^"^'^ ^^ '^^ %"^of the Rofe in Patds Church-yard. S^^ •l:^ ^.^/Vl^vV^-i yyt^-^^ -^^\^^,.i^<\r^-— ^ nw ■ 1«(C *''* *'' ' ^^J h^MK h^M: 5> j^ ^^ &»«.'» jeu» eto ie(» e!» . "-^-Ji^fS^^^J To the Reader. Chriftian Reader, Ere I prefmt unto thee a Piece, idare promlfe^ worth*; of thy read- ing •, wherein thcu hafi a true and plain Relation ( nvthotit difgui- fwg ) of many memorable Pa([ages happened in the Church of God , ^ and likewijefomc notable ones in the State of the Kingdom of Scot- ^§' hndjfrom the very frjl fctlingof State and Church m thatCoun- ^^^^'Siy^' irey. But namely , and chiefly, thou hafl here related what princi- pally paffed in church and State in this our Countrey ^ during the great Work of ptrging the Church from the Super fiitions and Idolatry , and freeing heth Church and State from the Tyranny and Slavery of Popery , untillthe coming of King James, our late Soveraign, to the Crorvn of Scotland . Farther, be fide the true dnd faithfull Relation of many Occurrences that fell out inthefe dajes in Scot- land, thou hajl unfolded unto thee, and made plain ^ the (trong Reafons^andnscef- fery Caufes that moved t he fe men who are here named ^although infirm and weaken in themfelves, to undergo the great Work of Reformation : With the folid Grounds upon which they went en with this weighty Bufineffe willingly and cheerfully , not^ Vfithfianding the great rubs artd difficulties they met wit hall , thr$!igh the help and af I fiance of God , who by them^ mean Instruments^ brought things topajje^ in de- jpight of the malice and firatagems of S^than^ with his agents, for the good of his People, andthefetling of his Church in Purity and Liberty. C/ill thefe things are fet down plainly and fimply , in familiar and homely Lan^ guage-^Tetfo, that they may be with eafe apprehended and under (lood by any one. From what thou halt here , written in this Volume , although there were no other Writings in this kinde extant , thou mayeft fee eafily ^ by what means the great CMyJlery of Iniquity, from the very fir fi Rife, hath be en fet afoot, andconfiantlj, ever ft nee, hath been carried on •, to wit , By cunning Devices, i>np:dent Lyes, continued and crafty Plots , under jj>eciotu Pretexts, and open Oppref on, Tyran- ny, and Cruelties, within Scotland, till the jeer of Christ j 567. ylfier which \time, the enemies of Cod, and of his People , have not been (leeptng , till this pre- "^ fent , more then formerly . Wherefore, for thy good, Chriftian Reader, / have thought fit in this place to point at forne main Occurrences from that time till now. Firfi then , the adverfi&ies of Truth and Good/iejje , under the fpeciota Pre- text of rrfioring ^cen Mary to her Liberty ^ and of re-efablifhing her in full .Authority , and fole Power , did difqHtet and trouble both Church and State i» \Scotland, both with open Force^ and fubtill Plots, for feme yeers, ih.it is , to the \ 573 yeer^ But finding that all their Undertakings , under thii pretext, proved t» be in vaio, and without fuccejje, and /landing to their main Deftgne of undoin'? To the Reader. Eeligiofi and Liberty , they bethought themfehes of another way , in appearance moreflmjihle^ for cofPpafing their wicked Intents ^ it whs , To deal ^ by way of entreaty and rcquefl , with the chief Mimflers of State and Church then , To have the Mother jet at liberty^ and to he joynt in Amherity and Power with her Son. And , for the obtaining of this , wai emfkjed the credit of the French Court for the time , with all its skill and cunning ; but to fmallptrpofe : For thefe rude fellows ^who managed the piihlike Affair s then of State amChurch^ could not be corrupted with the French Complements . In this way the enemies continued^ till theycer 1577 , and did not then give ever , notwithjlandin^ their badfuccelfc - httt^ according to their wonted andrefohedcuflome , they went en with their De- figr)e, betaking themfehes to a new conrfe z, wherein, thfy had indeed mere fticce(fs then in either of the former two 1: It was this -^ They did ft awork certain men y who with fair words, apdjlattering tales ^ fo craftily dealt with the young King, ' hardly yet twelve yeers of age ^ that they made him caji off", as a yoke ^ the coun fell andferviceofthofe, whomever fince his Birth-day , had carefully lahoured far the good of State and church., rvith thepcrcfervation of his (^Authority ^ and fafcty of his Per fen : And fothe inconfideratc young King , although of most tii?nblc wit and knowing., above hisyeers, under thefDiw of freedom , put himfelf in the towerofthofewhowifhednogoodto his Per fon and Authority , and as little to the church and State , making no fcruple to trouble both for their own ends , according to the InflruBions of the Maflers who fet them awork. So, in veryjhort time, they gave unto the young King fuch imprepens ( which did flick toe much to him) that notenely he became averfe from thofe who had been foufefttll to thepublike^ and fofervic cable to him^ but alfo hefuffertdthem to be perfecuted^yea,fome by deathy and others hy banifliment. while the enemies were thut working hufmeffe withu-s in Scotland, they were not idle with our neighbours in England ; for they wire contriving and plotting^ under colour of fetting the imprifoned j^een at liberty : And were gane fofaron in this way in both Kingdoms , that to flop the courfe and pregreffe of the enemies^ both Countries thought it neccffary to enter into a mutuaH League and Covenant one with another^ for the defence of the Reformed Religion^ and Liberties cf both Kingdoms , with theprefervation of the Pcrfons and Authorities of both Pnwff^j i\.'/>^ James W^ff» Elizabeth, againfl the common enemy. This foas done by the confent of both Princes, in the yeer jd^S;^ /^5 o After this., the enemy feeing the warinejfe of both Kingdoms to be fuch, that in a j])ort time he was not likely to advance the main Defigne according to hi^ minde, 6y craft and cunning leaveth off for a time to afithepart of the Fox^ and openly de^ dares himfelf to be aravifbing Wolf : So theyecr 1588 the Armado cometh a^ gainji both Kmgdofns, which God^ in his meifcy unto our fathers and its, brought to . nought. About this time, and fome ycers before, the agents of the enemy were veri hufte with King James to break with Englandjvrwiro revenge the hard uf age, ana ill treatment of his Mother : Put God did direEi him_ fo, for his own good , that' he • did give no confent to their evil counfell. Upon this refitfallcf the Kings, the agents ef the common enemy do beflir themfelves to troitble both King and Kingdom 5 which . they did in a high meafure, in the yeer 1595. This gave eccafion then both to Prince and people to enter into Covenant for the defence of the Truths an^pure Docfrineef the church, with the Reformed Difcipline^ and ef thefafety of the King and King- dom 5 by which means^ the proceedings ef the enemies w:is flopped for a while. ' To the Reader. >i New the time drawing n:er ef the Kings coming to the Criritf of men , after fo hohida Treafon, is to look about, and to fiuJie by whom the afftirs of rhefe Domintons were managed : x^nd finding , by ferio'M infpeBion, That all affairs received great influence from the Court , after mature deliberation , they rcfolved to make friends there •, which they did, byfubtillinfmnations, fiir .words, hi'^h promifes, and fome reall performances of good Offices -^ yea^when money w.-is ahfs"-' lutely neccjfary , it was notjpared. Thus , by degrees , Living gotten friends at Court, in it they make a party next , for whofe fubftflence and incratfc , ihcy em- ploy all that they can. Now having power and credit at Court , more and clearly i perceiving it to be the foutrtain from whence all preferment to Honour and benefit in church and State did jiew , they judged it fit for their purpofe to make fureof feme yrime men both in Church and State, according to their minde ; which w.-ts done as they de fired. Thus having gained men chief in State and Church for their ufe, then they went to the corrupting of the Univerftties , being the Seminaries of all tiher all Education. This likewife they dideffeBuate -^firft, bj the Over-feers con- nivence to leofenejfe of life in young people 5 next, by the badexainplc of the Seniors fhf To the Reader. the juniors were invited to do mi [chief. Then the Teachers , hy their bud inftnt- Bion^did corrupt, namely , irtlheologie^ail found Doffrine. And fer this furpofe, theearneft (ludie of the Old Teftrment inthe Originall Hebrew vooi cr-jed downe^ ^/ befeerning ratkr men of the Synagogue , then thofe of the Chrijliaff Schools. Liketvife the Greek of the Nerv Teflament muji not be read with diligence, for fear of Ipeyting the elegancy of the Greek Language , which is to be found in profane i^mhors. So tky withdrew the Students from the fudie of Scriptures in the ' Or gincdl^ ard recommended to them the reading of humme Writings^ particularly in Thcol party,rvitneffe the fait ion the To the Reader. the j^ceu had madt m the City , during the Kings Abode m Scotland , to divide the City and ParlUf»ent ^ and the dimtinding of the ^jMembcrs of the Heufes , againjl all Larv^ upon accufation of Treafon j whereof the chief and main point was , To have favouriT^ea the Scots Affairs in England , againjl exprejje ABs of oblivion df both Parlidments of Scotland am Englatid. As for the repref- fmg of the Rebellion in Ireland, it isfo little taken to heart , that the Kingfeldom ^ goes to the Houfe ; and being there , jfeaks but Utile of the hitfineffe. \^fter a. while , With 'much ado , the Popifn Irifh in Arms are declared Rcbelis, when they had ruined tnany families^ and killed many of the innocent Proteflants : But of the Kings Declaration there were but few Copies Primed, and of the ferv hardly any differ fed ^ when the Scots^ before they had gathered any Head, were Prelatically excommunicated^ andcurfed throw all the Pan Ihes of England, and declared Re- bells every where by printed Papers : Who^ as they intended riO iU^ fo,bk([ed be Gody never men of War in a Count rey didlejje harm then the Scots did.Tea^whtch is more, all the good intentions of both Parliament and City ^ with the ready offers of the Scots for the (pecdy help of the poor Protcjlants agairtfl the bloody Butchers ,« Ire- land, Viasdelayed^dfluded,y:a, almoHputoff, byth. Court, andthe corn p Mem- bers of both Uoufes, who fine e hdve p)ewedtljemfelves openly wbjt they are, inpuh- liieAffdirs. But thefeBefgnes failing of apprehending the Members ^and of divi- ding the City and Parliament, as wasfecn by the accompanying the Members to the Houfes again, the Kingmusl leave London. Here before we proceed any further, we fh all go a little back. when the fir si undertaking was against the Scots , all things within thefe De- minie»s being di^ofed for the befl furthering of the work, the holy Conclave of Rome forecajiing all chances ; and fearing that England would not altogether he fo forward to contribute much unto the dejlru^ion 0/ Scotland , wherefore the King mufl be ajfured of feme good friend abroad, and not far off who may help in cafe of need : None is thought fo fit as the Prince of O range , being able to help with Moneys, Arms and Men ftr command : He mufl be gained, by offering him for his Son one of the Kings Daughters -, who, notwithfiandwg his high m'tnde, would have been glad of a lower CMatch. Now at the frfi, the Prince ofO range didonely lookto have the fecond Daughter in due time : But, to engage him fur^ ther, he [lull have the elder (notfiayingforher till j^Je be nubile) and that pre- fently, although fje did little more then , then well difcerne her right hand from her left. But this is net all • for the Mother mufl carry the Daughter to the Prince of Orange, to gain him more ffeedily , and make him more affectionate and f lire to the Defignes of our corrupted Court : So the Kings Daughter is fold, and made a Sacrifice for furtherance of the Cat ho like Caufe , as his Grand-mother was fold to France to the fame Defigne , by the corrupt Court of Scotland for the time. What mi f chief this CM arriage , and the ^eens Voyage into Holland hath h ought into this Countrey, and what fain fhe hath brought upon her f elf by it, we fee all. Andfo many evils fell upon Scotland,' after the (ending the then young £lueeninto France. Here you f])allebferve the jugl/ng knavery of our corrupt Court , who cry 01^ againfl the Scots for taking Arms for theju/l defence of their Liberty and Religi- en, without any by-rejfe^ , as their whole proceeeiings to this infant do teft if e, as guilty of the mo/l horrid crime of Rebellion again fi Higher Powers, as they call it ; yet the fame corrupt Court makes the King give his Daughter unto him , fvho is ** X not To the Reader. mtoneljA chief man ^ hut a m/ttn Infirument to make Wdr for the Liberty and Religion of the Conntre-j where he liveth , againjt the unjufi oppref'on of their So'vereign '^ as his renowned Brother , and mofi vertiioas Father did before him . and as he intends to make his Son after him , witne[fe the rcverfion of his Place he hath obtained, unto him ^ from the States. If the King of Spain by necepty hut h been conjf rained to acknowledge the United Provinces free ^ it is nothing for the iuHice of their taking Arms to defend their Religion and Liberty : And tf he had power, they would not be long free, witneffe the (ecret Plots to divide them, and over -reach them. Farther ^he ts veryfhie in his Writs, to call them Free^ as every man knows. The ^een of Bohemia mufl not onely he negleBed , and feen lofe all that Jht and hers can claim for their own, butf})e and hers mujl he ferviceable to thofe who have undone them : To this endfiie mu/l have Pcoj/le about her , namely ^Ccurt-Chap' tains, to difguife hufncjfe unto her, and fo make her have a bad conception of thofe who are her befi friends, to wit , the true Prefeffors of the Truth^ and good Patri- ots in thefe Dominions. Next , her eldest fon , after a long and great negleB of yeelding him any help for the recovery of his own , is betrayed at otir* and Scotland Itkewife, according to its genius , f^eak iiftth. I fhaU clofe up aU with two or three Infiances of eminent men amongst the yafijls Clergie , tojhew clearly how theyfiand afe£iedto the Proteftants. \ CardjnaU Pool , in an oration to Charles the fifth , Emperour , faith. You muft leave off the War againfl: the Turks , and her&affCT'make War againft th^Heretikcs ; fo names he the profeffors of the '^t^^jkg^Uil^ ^jere^on, ^Sl^^xXxc Turks are lefle to be feared th«?ifflW^^^iKes. 'Vax^V^odvc^k in aBoe^lMJifrelfe, teUsus, That the Heretikes muft be put to death, (lain, cut off, burnt, quartered, ^c. Stapleton the ^efttite^ tells us , That the Heretikes are worfe then Ihe Turkj,j,,^i^g«Mi*f/(?« he "^ V, m'ide^afl^O'i^y9l^»Oli1\^^l!^%efi^ theyeer 1 5 83 i^ in Trevers , declareuhns^ in the name of his hoh Order , Our will is/T That it cometo'rfifldflHailBfe ofrrgrfone, f5 Kir as r? concerns our Society-, That we all , difperfed in great numbers thoroW the world, have fltfacfe a,.Lea^irc', and holy folema^Oath , That as long as there V* arcany of us alivt, that all ourcare:ifTdinduftry , all our deliberations and counfells, fhall,Hf^er ccafe to trouble your calm and fafety . That is to fay., We fliall procure and purfue for ever your ruinc,the whole deftrudlion of your Religionjand of your Kingdom. HeJ^eakstothe Englij]). Now it is long #-■■ To the Reader. lon^^fince we have taken thi-; refolution, with the hazard ol our lives: fo that the bufinefife being already \vell begun and advanced , itisim- pofTible that the Englifli can do any thing to flop our Dcfigne , or fur- mount it. Let thc'fc few PalJ/tges fatisfe for this time. I mjhtfjM thou maifi reap feme bemjit of tvhat is written here for thy good. So, praying for your happineffc 1 reft. Yours J in. the Lord^ !D. ^, The LIFE O F fOH:j\Q KJNipX. O H N Knox was borne in GifFord, fieer Ha- dington, in Lothian, the yeer of Chrift^ 1505. of honeft Parentage : His father was a brothers fonoftheHoufeofKih^crlie, which is ofi an- cient Family of Gentlemen in the Wefl. Whett he left the Grammar Schoole in the Countrey^ he wasfent to the ZJfii'z/erfity of Saint Andrews, toftiidie iinde/ M. John yiMV^rvho in thofe dayes was 'very famom for his hearnina^ t^hich particularly didconfift in the ergot ie or dijpHtatii>epart of Thilofophy^ and in School-Di'vinity^ wherein formerly ^f or many A/ecrs together^almoU all Learning was placed. In a t/ery/hort time John Knox became f itch a Profcient^ that in this kinde of know- ledge wherein his Mafter mofl excelled , hefurpajfed him ; and be- ing yet 'very youngs was thought worthy of Degrees in the School : . Moreozierj before the time ordinarily allowed by the Canons^he en- tred in Church Orders. Thereafter, ^'^ying afide the idle Dijjfutes and Sophisiry of the School Jje betookjjimfelf to the reading of the ylncients jnatnely^of Auguftine , with whofe IVritin^^she wts vmch taken, by reafoit of their plainneffe andfolidity. Lafl of all, he betookjjimfelfto the earnejiftudy of the holy Scriptures-^where- in ha'vinjL found the Truth of God concerning the fal'vation of Manh^nae fully re'vealed, he in good earneB did embrace it , and freely profejjed it j yea, fnade it his main workjo mah^ it h^own to oilmen, and beliez>ed by them ; in which worhjje was 'very aS^lizie and 'vigilant, at home and abroad^ namely, at home. For the Caufe of the iruth he filtered 'very much by Sea and by hand, in minde and in body ; among forraigners , and amongji his own Countrey- tnen , as ye way fee in this HiUory of the Church, which now here we prefent unto you : Which History , namely, fo much of it , / mean, as formerly was publif Jed , hath gone commonly under his a . na;;je^ The. JLife of fohn I\nox. n^i^:s , hccaiifc he k the man of ivhom moji isjpok^n thoron'oitt the xvhole Hi-fory-j as heiiigamoU earneU cuid diligent agent in the bujinefje of Keformation in the Church : Next ^ becanfehe hath penned ivith hk own hand^ orjfoken by ivord of month , the mojl part of the moU remarl^ble andmo^i life fill things for Foiierity in the Hiiiory. Thirdly ^ the whole History is gathered out of his Fdpers and Mamifcripts : Andfoyefee why it is generally recei- 'ved to he of John Knox-. But to return to his Life. He being confi rained for a time to leave his Count rey, by reafon of the Ferfecution raifedin ScotLind^by the then Bifhops^againji the profeffors of the Truth, he came into England ^where for fome veers he was bufiedy in preaching the Evangell of ChriJ}^ with a oriat deal of content and benejit to thofe that had the happinejje to bear him. His chief abode was in Ecnvick ^ Ncwcallle, and London : This was in the dayesof King Edward the fixth^with whom he was in great fa'vour and ejieem f, By whom being ojj'ered a Bijhoprich^ ^ he not onely refufed and rejected it^ but with a ^ra've andfez/erejj'eech declared ^ That the proud Title of Lord- Jhipyand that great State^ was not to befujferedto be in the Church of Cod, as having quid Gomniunc cum Antichri/lo j that is^"* fomewhat common with Jntichrisi. King Edward being dead, the perfecutionofM'dvy made him leave England, with many other godly MiniUers^who went beyond Seas. Firfl, Joh" Knox 23^^;2^ / From whence he wrote the Ad- monition to England : But being molelled there, partly by open PapiUs, and partly byfalfe Brethren^was conftrained to retire : And from thence he went to Geneva , from whence he wrote his Letter to Mary Regent o/Scotland, hk Appeal to the Nobility of Scotland, and Admonition to the Commons of Scotlani^ From Gcne\'2i, after fo}ne yeers abode there , he was called home to h:s own Countrey, the yeer of Chrift 1559- which was theti^/\. of his age,bytheNoble-f;/en^ and others who haA taken upon them the generall Reformation of the Church of Scotland j where, Imvfoon that the reformed Church had any liberty, he wasfetled Miniver at Edinburgh^ wherfi he continued exercifing hk MiniUery to his dying day ; but not without interruption , by reafon of the Civ ill diforders that fell out in thofe dayes. ^ Vu- The Life of ^ohn I\nox, During this his heing at Edinburgh, he Preached many excel- lent Sermons y whereof there he hut fciV that were printed and confer-z'ed to Posterity^ he not being .willing to biifie himfelf with the Frejje : Tctfomc of than we ha've^ as this ^ namely^ which he Preached Jt(g. 19, An. i 5 64.. and for which he was forbidden to Preach for n time : He^ to make h^iown to the world what nronnd there was to dealfo with hint^ tookjhe care to hat'e this Sermon ■printed^ as you will fnde it at the end of this HiUory. Here I cannot let jlip a remarkable pajfage j which was thk j Anno 11^66. the Earle o/"Murray was flain upon the Saturday : The morrow after j John Knox preached in Edinburgh ^ where, as he ivas reading the Papers wherein wcts written the names of thofe that defired the Prayers of the Church, be fndes a paper with thefe words , Take up the man whom ye accounted an- other god : which he puffed, without exprejfing any commotion and went on with his Prayer and Sermon. At the end of the Ser- mon , he made moaft for the loffe that the Church and State of Scotland /j^^/, by the death of that/vertuom man-j and f aid. That as God in his mercy gi'veth good and wife Rulers , fo taketh he them away from a people in his wrath. Then he added. There is ofie in this company that maketh the fnbjeSi of his fjiirtb thi^s horrible murther,whereat all good men ha've occafon to be forry : I tell him , That hejhall die where there/ball be none to lament him. He who had written the afore faid words in the paber, was Thomas MetcHan , ayoufig Gentlemen of mof rare parts, but. youthfull, and bearino fmall aff'eSlion to the Earle of Murray ; • who, when he heard this Commination of John Knox , went home to his lodging, and faid to his fifler. That John Knox was ra'vingtojj'cak^of he k^iew not whom. His fife r reply ed , with tears inJun^reyes, If you had followed my ach'ice,ye had tiot writ- ten thefe words ; and withall told him. That none of John Knox hk threatnings fell to the ground without effeSi. Andfo it fell out in this particular ; For fortly thereafter the young Gentleman went beyond Seas to travell, and died in Italy, having no known man to affiH him, much lefje to lament him. Toivards the lattsr dayes of his age, his body became 'very infirm , and his i^oice fo WQake, that the people could not hear him. Preaching in the ordi- place,wherfore he -made choice of another more commodious within a 2 th^ The Life of fohn l\nox. the ToTVfij reading to hk auditors the hiBory of the Pajpon , in which^ he/aid^ it was his defire tofimjh and clofc his Mini fiery. T'htts he continued Preachings though with much weah^jejje^ two moneths and more^ after this retiring : Andforefeeing that he was not to remain long with them^ he was infant with the Coiinfell of the City toprot/ide themfel'ves of a worthy wan tofucceed in his Yhtce. Mafer James Laulbn , who at that time profejjed Philofophy inthe 'Vni'verfity o/' Aberdcne , beifig commended for a good Preacher^ Commiffioners were directed from the Body of the Church of Edinburgh , and from Mafter John Knox in particular^ to cUfira him to accept of the Charge. To the Letter that the CommiJJioners carried^ after that he had fet his hand^ he added this Pojifcript^ Accelcra mi fratcr, alioqui fero venies : Make haflcj Brother^ other wife ye f Jail come too late : Meaning, That if he made any flay , he Jhouldfnde him dead and gone. Thefe Lift words mo'ved M. Laufon to take journey the morrorp thereafter. When he was come to the Town^and had preached two fe'verall times., to the good likjng of the people ^ order WO'S taken by the Rulers of the Church for his admijfion.,and the day appointed; at which day John Knox himfelf would not onely beprefent^ but alfo preach , though he could fear ce walk-on foot to the Chayre ', which he did with fuch fervency ofjj'irit , that at no time before was he heard to ff>eakwith fuch areat power , and more content to the hearers : And in the end of the Sermon , calling God to wit^ neffe.) That he had walked in a good confcience amo)2gfl them , not feeking to pleafe men .^ nor fer'ving either his own.^ or other mens . affeSiions J bitt in allfincerity and truth preached the Gojpel of Chrift : With moji gra've and pithiewords^ he exhorted them to flandfaji in the Faith they had received : And having conceived a 'x.ealom Prayer for the continuance of Gods blejjing a/00ng them, and the multiplying of his Spirit upon the Preacher who ivas then to be admitted., he gave them his lafi fare-well. The people did convey him to his lodging., and could not be drawn from itfo loath were they to depart from him; and he the fame day inthe after- noon.^ was forced to tah^ bed. During the time he lay (which was not long ) he was jnuch vifited by all forts of perfons , to whom hejpake moft comfortably : Amongft others.^ to the Earlg of Morton, who came to fee him, he was heard fay., My Lord, God hath The Life of fohn I\nox, hath given you many blcffings 5 he hath given you Wifdom Honour, high Birth, Riches, many good and great friends and is now to prefer you to the Government of the Realme (the Earle c^Marr, late Regent ^ heingnervly dead) In his Name I charge you, That ye will ufe thefe bleffings better in times to come , then you have done in times paft : In all your adions feek firft the glory of God , The further- ance of his Gofpcl , The maintenance of his Church and Miniftcryj and next, Be carefull of the King, to procure his good, and the welfare of the Realme. If you ihall do this, God will be with you, and honour you : If otherwifc ye do it not , he will deprive you of all thefe benefits , and your end fliall be fhame and ignominy. Thefe Jpeeches , the Earle ^ about nine yeers after ^ at the time of his Execution^ called to minde J faying^ That he had found them to be true, and him , therein, a Prophet. A day or two before his death^hefentfor Majrer David Lind- fay, M/y?er James Laufon, and the Elders and Deacons of the Church , to rvhom hefaidy The time is approaching, for which 1 have loHCT thirfted, wherein I fhall be relieved of all cares andbewithmy Saviour Chrift forever : And now, God is Ifiy witnefle, whom I haveferved withmy fpirit, inthe'Go- ipel of his Son , That I have taught nothing but the true and folid Dodrine of the Gofpel j and that the end I pro- pofed in all my Dodrine, was. To infi:ru6i: the ignorant, To confirm the weak, To comfort the confciences of thofe that were humbled under the fcnfe of their fins , and born down with the threatnings of Gods Judgements : Such as were proud and rebellious, I am not ignorant that many have bla- med, and yet do blame my too great rigour and feveritvj Biit God knoweth. That in my heart I never hated theper- fons of thofe againft whom I thundred Gods Judgements j I did onely hate their fins , and laboured , accordina; to my power, to gain them to Chrift : That I did forbear none, of whatfoever condition ; I did it out of the fear of my God, who hath placed me in the Funci:icn of his Miniftery , and I know will bring me to an account. Now, brethren, for your fclves , I have no more to fay, but to warn you , That a 2 you ^ The Life o£ fohnI\nox. you take heed to the Flock over which God hath placed you Overieers, which he hath redeemed by the Blood of his one- ly begotten Son. And you, Miftcr Lanfou , fight a good fiofht, do the Work of .the Lord with courage, and with a willing miride : And God trom above blefle you , and the Church wIi|reof you have charge : Againfl: it (fo long as it continueth in tljjp Dodrine of the Truth ) the gates of hell {hall not prevail. Thhjpol{efiy and the Elders and the Deaions dimittedj he c ai- led the trvo Treacher s unto him ^ and f aid ^ There is one thing that grievcth me exceedingly j You have fometimes feen the courage and conftancy of the Laird of Grange in the caufe ofGod^and that moft unhappy man hath c.ilt himfelf away: I will pray you two to take the pains to go unto him, and fay, from me, That unlefje he forfake that wicked courfe wherein he is entred, neither ihall the Rock in which he confideth defend him , nor. the carnall wifcdom of that man whom he counteth half a god (this was young Lethingion) yeeld him help ^ but fhamefully he (hall be pulled out of that neft, and his carkafe hung before the Sun ( weaninghhe Cajlle he did l^ep againjl the Kings Authority: And fo it fell out the yeer next fjllorping '■^fortheCajilewastah^n^ and he was ■publikely hanged , attd his body hung before the Sun) The foul of that man is dear unto me , and, if it be poffible , I could fain have him to befaved. They n^ent, ashehaddefired^and conferred a long Jpace with Grange ; but with no ferfwafipn could he he di'verted from his courfe : Which being reported, hetooI{^ tnojl heavily. Te^ Grange , at his death , did exprejfe ferious repentance for his fins. The fiext day, he ga've order fornia^ng his Coffin wherein his body p.ould he laid j and was that day j asthorow all the time of his ficl{ftejfe^ much in prayer, crying, Come, LordJdj,ij Sweet Jeiu, into thy hands I commend my Spirit. Being ash^d by thofe that attended him, if his pains were great, he anfrered,That he did not efteem that a pain , which would be to him the end of all trouble,^, and bcginninj^; of.c.ternall Joyes. Often- time >\ after fome deep meditations , he hurji forth in thefe worlds ; O ferve the Lord in fear,and death fliall not be troublefome i unto The Life of ^ohn I\nox. unto yoff : bitised is the death of thofe that have part in the- death of Jelus. In the e'vening^ rvhicli tvas the laft of this YPi-etched lifey lM''vtng fl%pt fome hours together ^ but n?ith great iinqitu'tNe^e^for he was hear^to fend forth many fi^hs and groans; one CaanpbtJI, and one John Johnfion, mhichtwo ivaited --very ditfgently upon him^ asked^ aj\er he axpak^d , How he ^id finde himklfc , and what it was that made him to ii|ourn"ro hea- \ ily in his flcep ? To ivhom he anfwered^ In my life time I have oft been affaulted with Satan, and many tirffbslje hath caft in my teeth my {ins,to bring me to deipair jy et.God gave me ' Ihength to overcome all his tentations : And now that fub- till Serpent , who never ceafes to tempt, hath taken another courfc, and feeks to perfwade me , That all my labours in the Miniftery^ and the fidelity that I have i' in that Ser- vice, hath m( rited heaven and immortality : Knrl5^kisQ,d be God, that brought to my minde thefe Scriptures, U hat hast' thou that thou hali not receii/ed P And , Not /, but the grace of God in me : With which, he is gone away afliamed, and fhaJl no more returne : And now I am furemy Battel] is at an end J and that without pain of body, or trouble of ipirit I fliall ihonly change this mortall and miferable life, with -that happy and immortall which fliall ncAcrhave an end. After which difconrfe ^ aVrayer was faid fieer his bed where he lay : which being endedj it was ask^d^ If he heard the Prayer ? He anfweredj Would to God that ye had heard it with fuch an ear and heart as I have done j Adding^ Lord Jefu receive my Spirit. With which words ^ without any motion of hands or feet^ as one falling afleep^ rather then dyings he ended his life. He was a man endued with many excelletit gifts ^ aud with a 'very griat fneafure of the Spirit : God raijed him up to be a chief In- Jlrument of the glorious IVorh^of Reformation. The Court cUw- backj j{i(l 0htfifeA hateafed.withhis Do- ^ri?/e touching Ihe Authority of I'rinces and Cin, and undo t^3£ poor people of God^for Tvhofe good and fafety tljey are placed fo high, hih^rvife ivere and are to th'ps day the proudFrelats and idle belly-gods highly offe tid- ed w'ith fj^DoBrine concerning Church-Go'vernment^althou^h he intended no other thing , but the pulling down of AntichrifiaU" ifme fully ^ and caUiug all tyranny mdldlenejfe out of the Houfe of God. 'Nef'er was a man more obfer'vamt of the true andjuU Authority of the Church-Kttlers^ according to the Word ofGod^ andpraSiice of the pjtreU Trimiti've times. He alw> ayes urged preffingly due Obedience by the people , to the fait hfull Payors and Elders of the Church. Although he Wits both learned and eloquent^ yet did he not much apply his minde to cotnpofe Bool^s for Fofkri'ty \for he was wont to fay ^ That God had called him rather to inftruci the ignorant, comfort the forrowfull , re- buke the ilnncrs, and confirm the weak living in his time, then to make Books for ages to come. 'Ne'vertheleffe^ he wrote fe'verallgood Pieces ; far be fides what we ha've Jpol^en of already ^ natnely^ he left thefe , A learned Treatife againji the blajphemous AnabaptifisjTwo Treatifes againji the Majfe, One^of the Eucha- riU , Some Sermons upon Genefis , Some alfo upon the Pfalms, An Exhortation to all ajfliBed Churches , An Ad'vice in time of trouble J The frjt blaU of the Trumpet^ d^'C. He died^ Anno Dom. i ^ 7 - > and of his age^ 61. His body was interred at S. Giles, without the Church. To his Buriall ajpUed many men of all Ranl^s ; among others^ the Earltb of Mor- ton, who being neer to the gra^je^ as the Corps was put in , faid^ by way of Epitaph , Here lies the body of him, who, in his life time, never feared the face of man. ^r?r?ii^ c/L^y^^^3^^^^4 a ^ay0^9r?^e TH PREFACE. He S c o T s, by the moft judicious Writers, and by thole who have moft diligently ftu- died their Antiquities , are acknowledged to be among the firft who embraced the Faith of Chrift : yea, they are faid to be, by forae, of the very firft-fruits of the Gen- tiles : For in few yeers alter the Afcenfion of our Saviour Jefus Chrift, the Apoftles and Difciples being conftrained to Iczvcjernfalem and Judea^ by reaibn of the B^fecutions raifed againft them by the Jews, according to tli^ifpei^fati- on of the All-wife God, went up and down the world ; ^d fpeakingto every People in their own Language, declared unto them the glad Tydings of Salvation in Chrift Jcfus. Thofe who came into our Northern Parts, to wit, into Scot- land^ and firft made known unto our Fathers the Myfteries of Heaven, were of the difciples of John the Apoftle. Some yeers thereafter, to wit, inthefecond Perfecution raifed againft the Chriftians,many Britons Provincials of the Empire, profelfing the Name of Chrift, left their own coun- trey, and went into Scotland^ forfhelter from the generall Malfacre then executed thorowout the whole Empire , by that bloody Butcher Domitian j and to enjoy the freedom of the Gofpel , which they knew to be received then in Scot- land. Among thefe fugitive Britons there were fundry learn- b " ed Scoti ex aijA- pulls Joannis Apoftoli Chri- flitnifmum edtcfifiiTtt. Buch.Lib.j. MulticxBri- tonibut Chrijii- atiifitvitiim Domitiani metuentes in Scoti am corn- mi^rirmt, ^ quibis compile- res do^rini (f^ vita iHtcgritite dm in ei f»i- filierurtt. Buch,Lib,4.» \ T^he Treface. ed and pious men, who ftayed in Scotland ( the Perfecution "ended) propagating the Faith of Chrift there by their Prea- ching. This we have related unto us by the Hiftorians of beft truft. We have not then from the Sea of Rome our firft Institution in the Chriftian Faith , yea, we areJo far from it, that, for many yeers together, we hardly had any communi- ] cation WithS^ome at all. Pallaclms was the firft , fome yeers after the beginning of the fitth Age, who made our acquain- tance with Rome ; although the gencrall current of the Ro- mifli Writers give out. That the Gofpel was firft planted amongft us in Scotland by the means of Fi(5l(?rBifliop o^Rmie: ' Yet Baronmfy that renowned Chronologcr, albeit he would fain have the Scots owe this Obligation unto i^w;/e,difclaim- eth this opijiion of his Party,as untrue, and difagreeing with the beft Antiquity. TertiiUian^ who lived in the fecond Age, and wrote^ooks divers yeers before the end thereof , and fb was fo neqr the fSfufkL planting of the Chriftian Faith amongft the Nations , that inomuesor-bii _ iu a mauucr he may be faid to have been an eye-witnefle un- Briumumuf. to it, iu his BooK againit the Jews , Ipcaking how the Light %ix'pmcmji oi t\iQGofyd was fpread thorow the whole world, faith yum Komina^^y^^ T^he Etiunael Wtts dtffufcd lUto oU the parts of the rporld pemrimm. yea^ into Bit^rtie^ andinjto that fart of the ijlafidrpherennts the t"]udxoT Roman F&rWj did ne'ver pierce. By thefe laft words o£ Ter- Antoninu> titUian , are meant the inhabitants of that part of the Ifland vicit,di$r,mro which licth bcuotth the walls, firft built by Adrian^ then by "iZ£r Antonims Pius, thirdly by Se'verus ; and thefe were the Scots duao.]uic^?- hv na.mG: : For the Romans put walls betwixt them and the muro per fmf Scots Bowc-mcu, as out Poct exprelleth it : verfsm infuUm 5t;SS . Komafag^tti ferk pr.^tendit m^nia Scoth. munivit. riimprimMdii' And Claudian , many hundred yeers before this our imSiZl ^^^^ ■> Ipeaking of the Legion which then was called from wiit, e-«Uus its Garrifon on the aforefaid walls, faith thus. The Legion venitis'extre-camej whtch ivos placcd before thentmoU' Britam ^ and which ""'"^fJ"^. bridled the fierce Scot. teittiBriuwui, J Hux Scoto. dat frxTiit triici, ideft, oppofitu Smk , qtu e««;,5 '■,' .,* , ■ iijt>- • • ^ • onv.ibm gcnt'f th^t js^ the northern part, was called Britannia minor ^ and ni- buiq^cxmrfi- Jeriour : Now all the inhabitants of this northern part, J"S/S' .>^ho were in continuall Bickerings and Warre with the Ro- "'fiM'^-^^'t- mails and their Provincialls, were called Scott, {omet'imc sLvocatcos TranfniarinSj iomctimc Forreigners j and they did confift of S^'^^"2^ two chief Peoples, to wit, BriganteSj andFi&iij which both rnoddfcrcgrino! were fub-divided into feverall lelfer Peoples , of which we m^nch^^"' forbear to fpcak at this time. So the name of Scott was at ^nmauTmi- firft appellative, and given to more then to one People 5 but ^■"'("quixx in iiicceffe of time , appropriated to one. .. And this is not umumnlvf. lingular in this name , for the proper names of. divers Peo- T^'^'"""^'/'' pies at firft hath been appellative, and thereafter appropri- Brimmivm ate to one alone : I will inftance onely in one , for brevity pw/' Tm-^ fake, which is this 5 The name Franck^or French , at firfl was fi"f s^c^'^' common to all thofe that ftood out together for Franchife and Liberty againft the Romans about the Khyne, and other parts of Germany 3 But at length it became peculiar unto one people, as we fee it is at this day. Moreover , that the name oitScoti was appellative , and given to more then one people, youmay.cleerly feeby the ordinary exprelTion of ancient Writers in the plural 1 number, thus, Scotorum oentes, Scoticde gentes j when otherwife all men ordinarily , both by word and writing, have ever ufed,and to this day ufe the fin- gular number, fpeaking of one people 3 diSgens^ not gentes j fGpnUi^s, not popnli ; nation, not nations. As all thenorthern people of the main Land , or Conti- nent, bothin E«r()/>e and ^y//i, went anciently under the ^^^^ , name of Scyth.^^ witncfle Straho, in thefe words. The ancient r -i^^k^is^^ comffwnly called the northern people Scythes. And in another iSlTIL* place he faith, The ancients did call hy one name 0/ Scythes allll'J^^^?'!^^ the k^own places towards the North. He means, in the Conti- T* "^VBpr rent, or main Land. So the northern people o£ Britamtie^ylaiuuiTiyt which is another little world , were of old , a^ to this day TS'^'"^* b 3 are T^he T re face. are called 5'fi'f/. The two names 5"ryf/^m4«i^ were of two forts in gencrall j to wit^ the Brigantes, znd PiSii. Next,thc Art'7««< »"- Scyths did not till the ground, but feeding cattell and fliecp, had a Cuitome to remove from one place or lolitude to another : Of old, fo did all the Scots i and to this day , the strib.ub.ii. ancient or prifci Scots do. The 5'cjvf/:>eJ' did live much upon time they are jjjjjj^ ^j^^ £^^q q^^ qJJ Scots. Thc Scythss. not knowing The Preface. tut the life of riches, did not defire them : and fo it is v/ith many scytb* tb dt- of our old Scots. The Scythes were never vanquiflied bv *"* '« '^"'""" -^ n. J tmaat, tut in Forreigners : lo the bcots were never utterly overthrown, ^i^t- although they have TufFered very much by their enemies at J'^lv.sT'*' leverall times. The Scythes were hard for toyling and ff-ps'"">?^ War i fo are our Scots, asisknown to alJ, Cy^'t". sotXmamin- Wehavefaid, That the In-dwellers cf the north part niascotis. bf the Ifland were named Scoti j and that by a generall Di- ^luu^ll vifion they were of two kindes, Btigantes^ and FiBi : Now w€ muft enquire who are Brigautesj and who PiSii j where they both lived , and from whence they came. And , to begin at FiSli ^ They inhabited the Eaft fide o£ Britanma wiftor, which is the beft : and, for the moft part, they were of the ancient native Britons j of whom, fuiidry of old, be- ' fore the entry of the Romans into the Ifland, had drawn themfelves Northward, to have more elbow-room for their courfe of life, which was, To feedCattell, and to hunt, removing from one place to another, whereunto largeneffe of Bounds is required. Then others of the old Britons fly- ing from the Tyranny of the Romansj upon grievance, went from time to time Northward , beyond the Limits of the Empire, to their ancien t com-Patriots. Next came in to the fe North Brit ans^ at divers times, ie- verall Colonies of Northern people from beyond Sea. Hence itis, that fome late Authors have written. That the inha- bitants of the Eaft fide of Britannia ininor came from Scafi- die. The North Britans having received the/e men come from beyond Sea, into their Society, and being joyned with them, made up a People, called the Romans and South Bri- tons PiSiiy becaufe they continued the Cufi:om of painting their bodies, of old in ufe among many Nations : which cuftome the South Britons left off, with other Rites , now become Provincialls of the Empire. The whole Ifland was firft called Albion ; of which we fliall ipeak anon, God willing. Then ^f>e\a.vviVj^' awJ.- hria fignificth not (imply a Town or Village, but fuch a one ^S,?^/' as is builded upon a hill. And trucly , in the moft ancient ""J^^V'^w times, Towns or Villages were, for the moft part , builded upon high places j as any man that hath taken the pains to remark, either by Hiftories , or by confidering the places he may have feen, knoweth. So then Brigantes are men inha- biting the hillsjOr having their Tovvns,Cities,Villages upon the hills. Yea, in old times , when they had not yet fixed their abode certain, they were wont to remove from hill to hill, as we have faid formerly j and to this day fome of our Highlanders do, within their own extent and limits. The Brigantes in the Continent namely, were fo given an- ciently to take away goods from their enemies with a fi:rong hand, that by fucceffe of time, all thofe that openly did rob and plunder,v/cre called Brigantes : And the French has from hence derived the verb, Brigander^ to rob or plunder. Next, there is a kindc of Armour called Brigantine ^ the ufe and manner whereof is borrowed from the Brigantes j it is like a Male-Coat. Lafi:ly, there is a kinde of Ship ufed at the Sea, called Brigantine, of the middle fize , as being mofi: proper for War at Sea. Thus much for the name of Brigantes. The Brigantes o£ this li\2Lnd czmc hither from Ireland J at divers times, and upon divers occafions. The Brigantes in Ire- landj by Ptolowie^ are placed well Southward : But thofe that mA Tihlum are come after Ptolomee , I mean thofe of ncerer Antiquity, ^J'""^^ ^"T have placed them more Northerly by many miles j as ye may J'' tenum: Xeeeafily by looking upon F/i^/w/zce his Maps j and OrteliusZim c his The T re face. his Maps of Geographic of the Ancients. So yc ice thiit the Bn^cmU's, at their iirft coming to Ireland from Spain ^ for i.v thence they came , with many other inhabitants of that liland, dv/elt in the South partsjoiit by.degrecs dtcw North- ward, for convcniency to their wandring coiirfc of life, in* keeping catte]],and bunting,andfor freedom from the trou- ble of too neer neighbors : They went,by facccile of time, fo far North, till at length, having come to the part pcxt unto Britamtie , they came hither, and poffe/Ied thcmfelvcs of the little Iflands and hills next unto Ireland j and finding them- felves fitted in this new-found Land for their pu rpof:-, accor- ding to their minde, they made their abode there, and drew scoto Bri- (^g, jy ii-iore and more company unto them, till at length thev cxHibuiiia in iii2(icnv 3. grcat body or peooic in Britannie ^ and by little fdji'o'Viou- and little c^me all along the Weft fide oiBritannie , keeping tamcominemh ^j^^ ^jjjg ^-jij f[^^.y ^amc to the Pvivcr Belifanj, that is, Tvlnhet. mruvtfine ccm in haticafoire^ and from thence went ftraight Eafrward , till ^dXZfJemnt they came to the mouth oiAhm^ now Humber. Feigufiiim jpijj. North Britaus were glad to give them way, contcnt- msamresco- ing thcmfclves with the Eaft fide of Britannia minor ( which 5"17/^'« indeed was,and is the beft ) and were glad alio to have them fibi fmnpfmmt. ^qj. ^ Ramoart againft their enemies in theSouth,or in majors pAbHibennx Brita?mia. The Briganies were great enemies to the llo- }itcrc Brigames msMs , with whom thcy had divers Bickerings j but at lafi: qui xircj. Ebo- J.L yjQ^-Q compelled to go Northward , and were hemM in bm,mxgM& [-,y the Vv^all built by the Roraans,bctv»'ixt thcflu'uc iina^now 1 mhs Infu- Tym on the Eaft fide, and Itriiza^ nov/ Eden in Cumberland^ on Mm'"'' ^'^^^ ^"^'^^^ ^^'^^- Although they left the Countrey bcfouth this Bucb, wall, yet the Romans continued there the names ciBrigtntes; yea,rome of the I>ri(^u'«/ej-, allured by the bounty of the Soyl, did chufe rather to lubmit to the Roman voke, then change their abode , although it was with thraldome. Then, alter many various encounters with the Romans, they were yet conftrained to yecld more ground unto the Romans , who hedged in both them and the Ti Sis northward with a Wall, betwixt Bodotna^ov Forthyind Glotta^ or Clyde. At lafl:, the Romans, by cnnniog, raifed jealoufies betwixt the V»rigantes ^iidFiSis^ andfo not onely withdraws the Fif?/ from the friend- \ The ^Preface, friendftiip of the BriganteSj but makes them joyn with them, to overthrow the Brigades j and taking occafion of the Bri- ^■^wf^j" domeftick troubles, fights with them jyea^ at length, after a bloody well-fought Battell , defeats them, gives the bcft of the Lands they pofleft to the Pi6is^ for their reward. After this the Brigantes were conftrained, for the moft part, (I mean of the better fort ) to retire thence , whereof fome went to the next Ifles 3 fome returned to Ireland^ to their an- cient Patrze -land fome went to the North Countreys beyond Seas , and fo they were for a time diftreifed, and in exile, till after divers attempts, they were reftorcdagain under the con- dud ofFergm the fecond. Here let us remember, That the whole IflandBri^^;/ff/> was firft named Albion^ fromJlbe, or AlpCj which fignifieth /;///, or high place. This word Alhe^ or j^/^£, cometh from ^/Z'.w, white j and this from the Hebrew P^ Lahaiij permetathzfm^ Albdn^ Albifs j e^ Akk^os in Greek i becaufe the high hills and mountains, yea, in the hot Coun- Bmamdmodd tries,are frequently covered with Snow,and fo appear whitej !"*f'^ ""'"{ witnefle the high hills betwixt France and Italy , which , by p'lm/eiKi qua reafon of their highnefie above other mount^jns, are named f^pZ'^bif^i. particularly Alps. The Ifland, when it had given unto it the ?'«'?-'"''««f name of Britannia^ by little and little left off the old name vaUo i/ri^am, of Albon , which continued in the North part of the Kland, 7^,1;^!^^;,, bcnorth the limits of the Empire ; and fo the whole Coun- ^f''""- trey beneath the Hwnber was called; and A Ibion in this ic-'^en'^.m his cond fenfe, in following times was called Eritanma minor , as of hiTiv^w^^' wc have heard; but as the Romans did gain ground upon <^/''^<"."f'"'. te'i' the in-dwellers of y^/Z'w/, or Britannia minor , beating them z.^,'M,thacis/ Northward, they leffened Albion , or Britannia ininor , fo far, ^^l'^\- "^^s^" till they brought them to keep North i)o^(?/r7^ or Forth, i^'mbcr. thea and ulottaj or Clyde. at /,„/;. Laflof all, the Romans having by their cunning divided the Brigantes and PiSls ; and having drawn the Pz5ts on their fide againft the Brigantes , Albion was taken for that part of Britannia minor^heyondClyde andFor/-/?,which did not belong to the PiSis j that is,the Northweff fide of that hillie Conti- ncnt,with the hillie Iflands adjacent,where to this day dvvel- Jcth our Highlandmen,or Highlanders, who arc the remnant c 2 of The Preface. of the ancient Brigantes. That the ancient name of a whole oTcat Countiey, as this Ifland is, fliould be conferved in one corner, or a little portion thereof , may notfcem ftrange, I have thought fit to tell you , That you have the like in our neighbour Countrey, of old called Gaule ^ now Frmtce ; where the ancient name ofCaule^ among the vulgar, is onely conferved in a little Countrey lying about Sefis ^ of old, Senones : this little Countrey is called Pays GauloiSj and Komm infidx is dividcd in Haute^&' baffe Gaule. So it was juditioufly faid ibA\hodu- by the Hiftoriographer , The name of the li\c Albion is de- smii veiut in rivcd froHi Albej3ind remams in Scotland^ as it were in its Na- h^et. tiveboyl. Buch. Of -i^//je, or y5///?e, fignifyinghill, or high place, you have the in-dwellers thereof fometimes named Albani , as in Afia^ Dalmatian Italy^ and North Britannia-^ and their Countrey AlhamajCometimcs Albicij Albigois'mLanguedoc\^ and their Countrey Albinm , or Albt , in vulgar language , fometimes Albinij ovAlpini^ And Albienfes ^ as the in-dwellcrs of our Albion^ who to this day call themfelves as they have done of old,&c. which name is one and the fame with Brigantes. Here let us remark , That as the Provincialls or In-dwellers of Britannia fuperiour , fubjedi to the Romans , are ordinarily called by the Writers Britones j fo the others , benorth the Empire, have been called by the Writers Britanni , peregriniy <(^ tranfmarinij ftrangers, and beyond-Sea-men , as if they had been of another Ifland. And truely , if it were not for the Strait betwixt the Rivers afore-named, which did ferve for Border unto them, they were in another Ifland. Hence England is faid to be ifiter qnatiwr maria. Brfgmt' Ttolomeis, Tacitus, and ^'e^et^ tell us , That the Brigantes^ Ptoioms.Ta. inhabited Albion , which when they writ, was that part of ci, ' the Ifland beyond the Roman Empire. Therefore the Bri- gantes were then Albini, or Albani. Bfigmei circs Morcovcr, the Brigantes about Eboracum, now Torke, were EborMtim fue- q( jj^g Scots , who camc from Ireland, a great and mighty runt Scotici gc- r> i -' o o ^ vtrii,migni(s' 1 eoplc. v^i^n.itio. j^y^ Fordon, in his Scoti Chronicon, writes, That the Scots came fo far South as HHmber,2ind poflx^ffed Lands there. Alfo the f The Tref^Qe. the Ifle of Man was for a long time undet the Crown of Scot- land J which Ifle is as far South, as the Countrcy about Xorh^^ although it be Weft ward, and in the Sea. And thcfe were the Bripantes wc now have fpoken of. The Briaantes^ at ^''"^«fff«»» their iirlt coming into Albion , came, as we have laid, with- 7,0 Brigamet in out any certain or fetled way of Government : but being ™""""^** grown to a confide able number or Body, they fent into Jrr/^Wfor Fer^/^, had fled thither from the Tyranny of the Saxons^ Dafies^ and Norif/ai/y , as they did of old. from the Tyranny of the Pvomans. Then the Englifh , being fo oft in Scotland vAth their Armies, have left divers In the Countrey. Alfo Mar- riages, and other private occafions, have drawn fundry men It om England into Scotland. Laftly, fundry of the Low- Countrie people are come from beyond Seas,as from France^ Germany J Hungary ^ Flanders^ Ireland^ d^c. of late dayes : So all being reckoned, they are but few in the Low Countrey come ot the old yilbins^Bri(iantes, or old ViSls. ^hcLow-Countrcy men calls the High-landers Irijhy not fo much for their ancient defcent, as for their language, one- ly differing from the Irifh by dialect ^ and for their wayes of living not much unlike : yet one main difference is to be feen in the a(5i:ivity of the Scots,and the lazineife of the Irifh. On the other fide,the Highlanders calls the Low-Countrey men SaxmSj l^be Preface, Saxons ^ not (^o much for their defccnt (although many of them are come from the Southern people , as we have laid, who area Progenie of the Saxo7is) as for the languagje, which diffcrethonely by dialed from the language of the South, which acknowledgeth the .S^xo« language for its mo- ther Tongue , and for the way of living not fo different , fave that the Scots are harder bredj and confequcntly, more fitted for toyling at War namely, then the Englifh arc 5 for we fee the Englilh to have pain to toyle , and endure Wars, at the firft going to the Field , by rcafon of their tender and foft breeding. The language of the Sowih- Britons of old, was not much different from that of the Gauls^ from whence they came into Albion ; witnefle Tacittfs^ in Agricola his Life ; In noLan- The Gdiils then did fpeak a corrupt Greek,for they are come guageare the Qf fj^e GreeJ{S. Bcfides, many words of the old Ganlois , the thois fo well phtafc and conftrusftion , are to this day in the French lan- Fre ch ^^"^* g^^§^ ^^P^ ' which doth fignific , that of old the Greek was Ipoken in G^«/e, although corrupt grofly by ignorant men without learning, who neither could readenor write. Yet in the South parts of Gaule , ncer the Mediterranean Sea, wherein the Greek Iflands arc, the Greeke was fpoken and taught, at Marfeilles namely. The ancient language of the Britons futfred a great change by the Romans, and other for- reigners, who brought in amongft them their terms of Law, of divine Service, of War, and of Policic, with the names of divers Commodities, and the names of divers Trades. When the 5'^x(?«j- and Danes came into the Land, they confinedtheremnant of the ancient Britons unto the Weft Countre)^, with their language, fuch as it was left unto them * by the Romans, and other forreigners of old, and with them- felves planted the language which is fpoken in all England now adays,with fome alteration and change. The firfr nota- . ble change happened by the Normatts^ in whofe language the Law hath been adminiftred,&c. The next change is from the hatin , in which language divine Service hath been for many yeers Officiated. Then the Englifh language hath borrowed from all neighbour Nations many words, without any great change 3 fb that the Englifli language is laid to be the quint- eflencc The Treface. effcnce of all neighbour Languages : From it the Scotifli Tongue differs but in dia]e6i , as wc have faid. The High- landers Language, as hath been faid likewifc, is Irifli, which of old was a corrupt Greek alfo'i for the Irifli came mto Ire- land from the North parts oi Spain ^ who {pake a corrupt Greek, as thofe of Gaule did j for the ancient in-dwellers of the North parts of iS'^^/w came alfo from the Greek Iflands. So that of old, the Language of the ancient Britons was not altogether ftrangc unto the Brigantes, or Alpins ^ yea, in this time wherein we live, notwithftanding the great changes that both the Languages have fuftained by time, and Com- merce of forreign Nations, they have many words which are one and the fame, fignifying the fame thing. Thus much I have written of the beginning, names, way of living, and Languages oi Scotland^ to make known to all, how unjuft andinjurious unto us are fome modern Antiqua- ries of our neighbour Countreys i who firft think they cannot prove their own people to be fufficiently ancient, ex^ cept they take from their neighbour their juft right of gjood Antiquity. Next, they conceive they cannot fet forth fully enough the greatneile of their own Countrey, except they make their neighbours no people at all , or at leafl:, hardly confiderable. Thirdly , they imagine, That they cannot cxtoll and magnifie the glory of their Countrey highly enough, unlefTe they not onely depreiTe and extenuate their neighbours name , but alfo attribute unto themfelvcs the advantages of their neighbours. But if thefe Antiquaries had confidered with the eyes of men , That there is enough to be faid for the credit of their own Countrey, without wronging others , they had not fo fluffed their Books with miftaken and mif-applicd Allegations of good ancient Au- thors, nor with Collection of fabulous and lying Monks tales , wherein fome of them do fanfie Learning mainly to confift. But of this enough. For this place,I will only adde this : As the Scots,aIthough they be not of. the greateft people , yet they are truely one of the mofl ancient People in £«r(7^e j So I dare be bold to fay, That God (to whole praife be it fpoken) in hisgood- d neflc T^he Preface. nelic towards them hath railed up of them , and amongft them, fo many excellent and vertuous men , in Church and State, in Piety and Learning, in Policy and War , at home and abroad, of old and of late, that few Nations , ancient or moderne, although of greater bounds , can compare with thcmj fewer equall them, and hardly any at all go be- yond them in this 5 for which we praife God, who of the beft thingshath given us the beft meafurc j and fay with the Twi i-iwiiw Hiftorian , That the Land k wore fertile of good men ^ then of frugumfcucior gOOdfntltS. But now, fince all former walls of feparation and divi- fion, both ancient and moderne , Civill and Ecclefiafticall, are in a great meafure taken away by Gods bleffing : and iince in fo many refpeds the Scots and Englifli are fo neer one unto another , as wc have faid : But above all, fince they both are members of the true Church and pure Spoufc of Chrifl:Jefus,to the upholding of whofeTruth,and purging of it from uncleannelfe they have newly bound themfclves together as one People, yea, as one man, Let them then, », in Gods Namc,laying afide all excufes, envies,jealoufies, and by-ends, as feeling members of one and the fame Body, con- cur unanimoufly, with their mutuall and beft endeavours, to fettle the trueWorfhip of God in all true purity, and quiet all things fpeedily with wifedom , to the good of the people, with due obedience to our lawfull Sovereign under God , as we are taught by the Law of God , the Law of Nature, the Law of Nations , and theMunicipall Laws of our feverall Countreys. But to return to the Church. The Scots, although they received amongft them the light of the Gofpel with the very firft of the Gentiles, as we have faid, yet had they not the Evangel fo univerfally pro- feifed thorow the whole Countrey , till towards the firft yeers of the third Age i that is, till Donald the firft ; who not onely profeffed the Faith of Chrift himfelf, with his Fa- mily , but did his beft to caft out Idolatry wholly from his Dominions,and to fettle the Miniftery oi the Gofpel in eve- ry comer thereof : But this religious King could not bring to ^he Treface, to pafle this his good Defigne fully, being diverted by con- tinual! Wars againft the Romans the whole courfe of his life. After the death of D(;«tf/^, till toward the later end of the third age j that is, to the Reign of Crathilinth^ this work of totally putting down Idolatry , and fetling the Gofpel every where in the Countrcy, by the negligence of the fol- lowing Princes, was at a ftay. In this King Crathilinth his dayes fell out the ninth pcrfecution under Aitrdim , and the tenth under DzWe/?<«», which gave occafion to manyChri- ftians from divers parts of the Empire, but namely from the South parts of BritaniCy now another time to flie into Scot- land for refuge , as they had done before under Domitian. Among thofe fugitives who did then repair into Scotland £ot fhelter from the generall maffacrejWere many excellent men in Piety and Learning , whom the King Craihilinth not onely kindely received , but alfo employed to ayd and help him and hisCouncell in the further fetling of Chrifts Truth in his Kingdom, and in the totall extirpation of Ido- latry out of it i which was fo much the harder work, bccaufe of the Druides^ the principal! falfe Prophets, and Idolatrous Priefts in thofe dayes j who not onely by their fubtill hypo- crifie, and fenfe-pleafing Divine Service , but alfo by a cun- ning forecaft , having drawn into their hands the hearing and determining ofCivill affairs, had fo gained upon thefpi- rits of the poor and fimple people, that they could not ima- gine how tobe without them, and live. Therefolute care and diligence of King Crathilinth and his Councell, with the help of thofe pious and learned men , furpaffeth all difficul- ties i and having put quite down the Groves and Altars under the Oaks, and, in a word, all Idoll Service, eftablifh- edthe pureWorftiip of the true God in everyplace of his Dominions, and filled up the rooms of thofe falfe Prophets, with godly and learned Teachers of the people ; which was done every where thorow the Kingdom, but particularly in the Iflands, which thofe pious men chofe for their princi- pal! abode, as being moft fit for a retired life j and namely, in the Ifle of Man the King Crathilinth caufed to build a d 2 Church The Treface, Church to the honour of our Saviour, which in following times, by corruptions, was called Faniim Sodorenfe , for Sote- t'enfcj the word originall is , crM'TY)^. Hence the Town ncer the Church was called Sodora^ as Minftcr in our vulgar lan- guage, and Mouftier in French^ fignifying a Town, in a fe- condary fignification, neer a Church. Thofe godly men being fctled as aforefaid , and having withdrawn .tliemrdves from the follicitude of worldly affairs, did wholly give themfclvcs to divine Service , that is, To inftru£i: the igno- rant, comfort the weak, adminifter the Sacraments to the people , and to train up Novices and Difciples, to do the fame fervice in their due time. Thefe men, for their finglc and retired life, were called /Hjfa^^oy or Monks, by.abbreviji- tion J andfor their travelling altogether in GpdsWorJliip and Service, were called Co/We/, or O^/t/eej". ' • ; Cuidei vium Thcfe Guldees were fo given to the exercife af devotion, t/fanSalZ. bj thc meditating the Myfteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, ^ciZ'vTmt,3ind by Prayers, that the very Cells. whereinto they had utvitifuncie- inclofcd and feparated themfelves from the world, after rZpu qmm their death were reputed fo many Temples or Chappels '""/'"' Tfet afide for Divine Service i hence to this day Cei7^ is taken /;h.y ;s/?<:m for a Church among the ancient Scots, as you may fee in r«fmw//i thefe compofcd names, Kelmarnoc^ A/^rwc hio Church, Cel- Buch '''""'■ ^atric, Patrick^h'isChmch. The Culdces thus fetled , as we have feen , did chofe out of themfelves fome eminent men, in piety, knowledge, andwifedom, to overfee the reft , and to keep them to the difcharge of their duty towards the People, and towards the Difciples , with an orderly and difcreet carriage of each one towards another, in their feverall focieties, and in their private. Thefe Overfeers or Superintendents chofen of themfelves, and by themfelves , did difcharge the Duties of their Function, indifferently every where, thorowout the whole Kingdom, without reftraining themfelves to any certain place , or Lording over their Brethren, or any part of the Flock of JefusChrift,not attributing unto themfelves any particular diftinft holy order from the reft, belong- ing Veteres Scou- Tum Efifcopi e moTiaJlcriif els- cli, cum ddhuc von honorU (^ lncri,fcd fmcii- titis (^ doSlri- vx inter COS ccY' tamen ejfet,fine invidii (3' amuliitme fartium iibi- ciiiiqui ohvene- nt occafio fiiuni munui obibant, vuUif adhiu re- f,iofiibu{ defini- ti<, cum 7iondu7>l fundlio munerk ccckfiiliki cffct qucjluma. Buch. The Trefacei jng oncly to them, and to be onely conferred by them. This way of inftruding the People, and governing the Church by CuldeeSj did continue for many yeers, under Gods mercy ^ the Miniftery of Gods Church, as yet, not being be^^ cornea biifineOe of gaiij, and of worldly pomp and pride i So thefe Culd^es and Overfeers of others , had no other emiiU.tion , but of weldoing , nor flriving, but to advance truePietie and godly Learning. The Overfeers or Super- intendents of the Culdees^ were comnionly. called by thd Writejs who writ of thofe dayes, Scotornm Epifcopi , with- out; any definition of place, or preeminence of one above another. But to return to Crathilmth^ who till his dying day,' which was about the 3 1 2 . yeer, did conftantly continue to advance the Kingdom of Chrifi:, as llkewife hisfuccefTor Fheormac; under whofe dayes the Gofpel didflourifli in Puritje and in Peace i iiedied about the yeer 358. Aftei? the death of Fincomtac^ both the Church and State of Scot- iand.fdl in great diforder and troubles, bydomeftick dif- fenfions and fadions for fome yeers. The Roman LieVte-^ nant Maximus^ feeing the inteftine troubles of Scotland^ be- gan to lay hold upon the occafiion. Firfi:, he foments their divifions within them *, next, not onely he withdraws under fair promifes from the Scots their ancient Allies, the jPicirj', biitalfo obtains help of the TiBs to make VVarre againft the Scots, and fo to defeat thera, which he did effectuate indeed in a battell fought with much bloodflied on both fides , at the Water of Dk«, in Carrich^^ wherein the King Ewen was killed ("this defeat fell out about 380. in the yeer of Chrift ) the moft part of the Nobilitie , and numbers of People of thole that efcaped , fome fled into the Weft Ifles , fome into Ireland , and others to the Northern parts oi Germany ot Scandiaj fome fubmitted themfelves to the will and difcretion of the Conquerour, with the poor people that had not taken arms. Among thofe that fled away, was Ethod the Kings Brother, who went: with fundry of the Nobilitie unco Scandia^ where he and they ftayed divers yeers , and from whence now and then they made fecret attempts upon Scotland^ with the help of their Bre- d 3 rhrcn The T re face. thren , retired into the Iflands and Ireland^ but to fmall cffea. Now as the face of the politique State of the Couhtrey was quite altered and undone , fo the condition of the Church alfo was much difordered , and the Culdees were conftrained to withdraw, and feek flielter up and down, where they could finde anyj namely, they returned into the Ifles, and into Ireland : At laft the jPi^j perceiving by feverall attempts made by the exiled Scots, to return home, and re-eftablifli their State ("although with little fucccflc, as we^iave faid ) that the Scots were fully refolved to beftirre themfelves continually, till they were reftored, and re- eftabliflied in their ancient Inheritances^the PiSis themfelves being moved with the groaning miferies of their neighbour poor people of Scotland ^ now under the Roman yoak, chiefly by their means ; and taking to their confideration, how foolifhly they had fuffered themfelves be fo farre cir- cumvented and deluded by the Romans, as to contribute to the ruine of their old friends 5 by whom, mainly in for- mer times, they had withftood the common enemy , did not onely comfort the poor oppreffed remainers of the Scots at home, but alfo did invite thefe that were in exile to return, promifing unto them the Lands which they had of theirs , and to help them with all their ftrength andcounfell, in the recovery of their whole State from the Roman Tyrants. The exiled Scots under the conduit of Fergwd- the fecond , Con to Ethod^ beyond Sea , gathered all they could, both of their own people, and of their friends , from the places of their exile , namely, from Scandie, and from Irelandl'ike- wife, and came into Scotland^ from whence they chafed away the Romans, by ftrong hand , with the help of the PiSis , who made good their promife unto them , both in aflifting them in the aftion of Warre , and in reftoring un- to them the Land that they had been pofleiTed with by the Romans. The Auxiliaries from Ireland ikzycd ftill in Scot- landy and had allowed unto them the Countrcy oC Gallo- way for their reward } and becaufe they were of the ancient Brigants of Ireland^ fome of the late Writers have faid, Thk The Treface. That the Brigantes of Alhion had ihcir abode in Gallorvay. No fooncr is Fergus Crowned in the fataJl Chair, and fetJed in his Kingdom , but he takes to his firft care to reftore the puritie of Divine Service, which had been eclipfed in thefe bounds for fevcrall yeers j and to this effecl:, he calls fomc of the difpcrfed Culdees of his Country, whom he fettles in their ancient abodes j namely, in the Ifle of lona , where he furnifhed them with a Library of Books which he had gathered beyond Sea, as the Story tells us. This return of Fergus into Scotland^ fon of Ethody Bro- ther to late Ewm^ fell out about the yeer /^20. The regaining by the Scots of their native Countrey , under the command of Fergus the fecond , will not feem ftrange unto them who have read what they did under the commands of IViUiam Wallace^ and how under the condud oi Robert Bruce ^ they recovered their liberty from the thraldom wherewith they were then oppreffed. Eivefi , fon to Fergus the fecond , by the counfell and ayd of his Grand-father by his Mother Crame ; did not onely keep his Fathers ancient Kingdom, but alfo did enlarge the Limits thereof, having paiTcd the next Wall oi th^ Romans ^ which by Gr^we tvas pulled down in many places , hence it is called Grantes Dyke j and he poffeffed himfelf, and the fiBs with all the Lands lying an hundred miles Southward , that is , unto Tyne , and kept them till the entry of the Saxons into the Ifland. Next , he took unto his care not onely to feek out the Culdees fugitives, which had not yet returned, under his Father, but alfo he fent for others into the neighbour Countrey o£ Britaine^ and affigncd unto them convenient places for their abode , with a moderate competency of means for their mainte- nance, that they fhould be in no wayes burdenforhe to the people , now looking to have fome refpite from their preffures and grievances. And fuch was the happineffc of thefe dayes, that a very fmall proportion did con- tent the Church-men , fetting wholly their mindes to the eonfcionablc difcharge of their calling, which they did, Preaching Gods Word carefully, truely, and finiply, in- ^ j| ftruiling The Tre face. ftrufting the people in the fear of God , and fo gaining their smU tunc fouls to their Maker and Redeemer. By this their carriage, cfijimrum they gained very much relpect among the people, who femh, vm- j^onoured them , as Fathers , Inftruders , and Guidcrs to Heaven, under God ^ the vcrtuous civill Magiftrate was the fecondary caufc of this good behaviour of Church-men, who by his authority kept them in order , and by his own example taught them to difcharge their duty faithfully, and live difcretly i But fo foon as the civill Magiftrate left them to themfelves , then they neglecting their calling , fet their minde upon ambition and avarice, and confequent- , ' Jy upon all evill , thinking of nothing leife, then of that they were called to. Here we are to obferve , That as the Scots did conftant- Jy withftand the ancient Romans, and kept themfelves fo free of their yoak, that they neither acknowledged their Authority, nor received any Law from them, although it was not without great ftruggling and hazard,yea,almofl: to their utter ruine , as it fell out under Erven the firft j but after fome few yeers, the Scots under the condu61: of Fergus the fecond , and Erven the fccond , not onely regained what they had loft by the Romans and PiSis, but alfo conquered a great deal of ground beyond their laft Limits, as we have ne^ly faid. So the Scots in Church affairs , for many yceis together, had nothing to do with the Bifhop of Rome, neither made they acknowledgement unto him in any way , neither did they receive an}^ Laws from him j for as they had the Gofpel planted among them , without his help, to wit, by the Difciples of Saint y(7/j« the Apoftle, io they kept themfelves unto the Conftitutions and Canons, fetled by the fame firft Planters of the Goipel amongft them; but by fuccefte-of time, they became to be infeded by their neighbour Nations , with the poyfon of the Pelagian Here- fic. Celefline then B'liho-p o£ Ro?;ie ^ take* occafion to fend unto the Britons, a learned man called FalUdius , to help the Orthodox Britons to convince the Herefie of Pelagim, then fpreading it felf amongft them, which was done accordingly. . Erven The Treface. Erven the iecond , King of Scots , hearing how the Britons, by the help of Palladium, had repreficd the Pelagian- ifme , being moft defirous to purge the Church of his King- dom alfo , where this Pelagian err our had crept in, fends for PaUadiHS ', who with fmall difficulty affiftcd the Orthodox, todifabufe thofe whohad been carryed away hy Pelagian- ifme, and thereafter in a very fliort time, by fubtill infinuati- ons, gained fo far upon the well-meaning Scots , that they confented to takenew Governours of their Church, who were to have a Degree and Pre-eminence above their bre- thren , to wit , the Prelat-Bifhops. Hitherto the Church of Scotlandhs-d been governed by Monks and Priefts, with- out any fuch dignity ^ pomp. I call their new Governour?^ Prelat-Bifliops, to diftinguifh them from their former Over- fee rs and Superintendents of the CnldeeSj who are fometimc by Writers called Bifhops, as they were indeed 5 but they' had no Pre-eminence or rank of Dignity above the reft ; nei- ther were they of any diftinS: Order from the reft of their Brethren. That at this time by PaUadius was brought into Scotland thefe new kinde of Bi(liops , it appears by the re- lations of the Authors following, thus. Palladim is thought to be the firft who Buc./.j.inEugcn.cc^teHf dTi'iT r ^1. ^ ■ r ^i_' J "N Pilladius trims Etifcopos in e Biihops (^ that is, ot this new order; scotUcTcie.iumJdUufiu* in Scotlafid 5 for till then the Churches '^.'^^^,f^^'',''*/i'"'^^'/'"^ pK per Monacbos regebatttur ; Were without Biihops,governcd byMonksj '"'We qmdem am f4u & ..-.i 1 n> •. ^ 1 J ^ ■, excernA pompaJeimiiiorcfm- 'Wim lelle vanity trueiy and o\itvf^xapudtatc0'ftnmmmk. pomp, but with greater fimplicity and ho- linefle. -iv^tW Before him, faith HeSior Boece, Paltadim i-^"^-. 7. df. 18. Em .i/-nriii I'll 1 11 Palladius primus omnium was the lirlt ot all that did bear the holy qui facmm imer scom e^ere Maaiftrature among the Scots:being made Mapftr^tum.^fmnmoPmtificc Biihop by the great Pontif or Biftiop ; iov po^uii fuffn^is ex Momcbis. till then , by the fuffrage of the people, the Bifliops were made of the Monks and Ctddees. John Mair fpeaks thus , Before PaUadius^ ,. ^^■*>- "^*• ^^' P'"*- J T> • r 1 \^ J ■ 1 r,.n .^ aivaaperSicerittes&'Mont- OylriejtSand Mon({f, ■without BiJhopS, the cbos. fincEfifiofis,S(otiinfdt Scots were infimciedinthe faith. trM.mr. e John The Treface. Lib. 4. in Eugenio ». John hcjley faith this, Among us (Scots) fiffugiu TpJcffUchnZn- the Bi/lops were onely defigned by thefuffrage '«>■• of Monks. Lib.3.cap.t. tAncVii- John o^ Fordort^ \n\nsScots C\itomcUy ladii xdvemum habcbam Scott ^ j^j^ Before the in-coming of Palladius, the fldci do^oTCf, ac Sacramento- 1 ,r ^ ^ ^, -^ , ' mm adminifiratores fresbyteros Scotshadforleachersoj the Faithy and Ml- folummedo, vet Momchos, ritus .^ /^,;o j_r>/ » feqncntss Ecckfi^ primitive, nijters of the b acroments^ tresbyters onely ^ or Monl{Sj following the Kites or Cujioms of the Trimiti've Church. Mark the later words j for according to this faying goes the judg- ment of the beft Divines, who write the ingio^a vumi, T>ifij»^ji- truth without an v rcfpea. Whofe minde Cap. Le^min, In pim* J £ primitrvt Ecciefia. commune John Semeca dccliirc^ thuSy In the frji P ri- turn o§clm, i^rmmina nam mtti've Church the Office of bijhops and ^f'"'«'''/^'<^'Siciac0mmunia: p^^flj. jpos comwoH to the om and the other 5 ftdinfccmdiptrmtruaEcck' J » (a cxfmnt di^inguKs- nmi- and both the names j«>ere common^and the Office \ common^to one and the other : But in thefecond Trimiti've Church , the names and the Ofjices began to be diftinguif:?ed. cmw. 14. Cap. 6. tAnte Baleus oi the Briton writers, Before Pal- fiWidiam Scott habebant fiws . ,. , _ , ;;-i:>/T^ J %/r- pifcoposic Miniftm ex yerbi udius the dcots had their btjhops and Mint- ^"^S^lCliltfi'^'^ according to the Minifterie of the facred fum.-fedhac Kotnank ^fiatw- Jf ord..chofen bv the fuffrape of the people.after YimtliribKsnonpUiebam. . a ^ i r \r \ r v Al r ^1 ■ ' thecHJtomofthofe of Ah3i: but thoje. things did not pleafe the Rowans , who hated the Aftatich^. Ad innum 414. Scott pri- Barouim in his Annalls faith this , the rnu.mEpi(copumaQA^K\.XiO ^^^^^ ^ ^f^^-y £^a JgjOjop fy^ff^ CelcftinC dceeperunt. o J -' J 1 j Fontif Roman. Adanmm^^6.Adscotos Frofperiu \ns Chtomc. the Pontif Ce- Fmifrx cckftinuspaliadi- lefti^e fendeth unto the Scots Palladius to be um mifit EtifcoputH. J -. their Bijhop. Ai scotoi inchrifiumcre- Item, 'Vnto the Scots then belie'ving in M 'SliZZTAi^E-Chrifi Palladium is ordamed l,y F^fe Cele- '1 pifcoput mittitur. ftin e, andfent thither thefirH Bipop. . Lib. I. Piihdimdisco- Beddy in the Hiftory of England , Palla- %r^.'K:t.^Zi:.^^^^^^fintfirnBifiop unto the Scots, by leOinoprimm mittitur Epifif Ccleftine , Fontifof the Romatt Church. ^he Preface. ■**ft- ^M By thcic Authorities we fee , That the Scots, before PaJ7^- <^i;A5-,had no Bifliops at all j or at leaft, their Bifiiops were not of any diftinft Order from other Priefts and Culdees, by whom they were ordained, and of whom th'.y were cho- ien, as we have touched before : and fo they were rot^'as thofc Bifliops have been with us , in thefe later times. Next, let us obferve, That the Scots Biihops, fince V^M- dim^ muft acknowledge, themfelvcs clici.cs of the Komfjr. Antichrift, feeing of him they have their beginning* ai:er. Theocca- fion was this, Arthur that renowned Prince wintering at Torh^ Cwhcreof, he newly had made himfclf Mafter J with his Nobles, bethought himfelf with them , topaffcfomc dayes in the dead of winter in good chear and mirth, which was done forthwith, as it is given out for devotion to Chrift , although , that then true Devotion was very little regarded j for as thefe men did exceed the Romans during thisFeaft in Ryot and LicentioufncfTe ; So they continued the Feafl: double the time that the Ethnick Romans were wont to kept it 5 for the Romans kept it onely five dayes , but thefe kept it ten dayes with their new devotion ; yea, thofe of the richer fort in time following have kept it fifteene dayes. Thus was the |?eginning of the prophane idlcncfle and ryot of Chrifl:mas , now kept twelve dayes with foolifli excefle and ryot. As thefe Chriftmas keepers did mifiiake the way of honouring Chriflis Birth , by this kinde of fotemnity j fo did they miftake the time of his Birth j for the mofi: exad Chronologers tells us, that Chrifi: was born in O^ober^ and not in December. e 3 The The T re face. The Scots retain ftill the old name Julia ^ of thispre- pofteroLis-hoIy -Feail , tor they call it corruptly Jul: Al- though they never kept it of old , not being fubjed to the ^^^ Romans. ilHP^ The French and Italians, in this , are nothing behinde v„/,:i« offn- with us i for bcfide, That they fhare with us in thefe Satur- ™^tV" nalia^ JitlJa , or Chriftmas ; They go beyond us in ryot and ^ejhiccicbran- foolerics in thcit jB^cc/j^/m//^ , which they Cdill Carfiafal or IvLirdrgras before Lent; which in old time was kept to the honour of Bacchus. Bat the corruptions that were brought in our Church from Rome in the fourth and fifth Age, were nothing to what was brought in in the fixth and feventh Age, for then was Religion turned upfide down , and fo changed into Superftitious Ceremonies , and Idolatry , authorir- 2ed by falfc miracles, that there was hardly left any trace of true Religion among men in thefe dayes. PaUadius was the firft that acquainted us with Rome , as we have faid , and that brought in Prelacy amongft us, a little after the Idc- ginning of the fourth Age , which he and his Succeflbrs by degrees brought unto a great height, both in worldly pomp and means (ffor the timesj by the inconfiderate , debon- narty of the Prince, and fimplicitie of the people , but not without ftruggling and refiftance, by pious and wife men, for many ycers ; it was the work of Church-men, fet a foot by PaUadius fo till the fixth Age , that is, upon the matter, two hundred yecrs , to raife themfelves to Power, and. Authoiit}-, and Means, whercunto they came infenfibly, fo much the rather, becaufe they were fparing for thefe dayes, to invert the main Do(51:rine of the true Religion, The People and Magiftrate feeing their Religion remaining in its maine, were, without great difficulty, drawn over to give way unto the greatneffe of the Church-men j But when thefe gallant fellows had wrought their own ends, they did fhew plainly what was within their hearts ; for then they declared themfelves to be enemies both to God and to Man , by their vitious lives, contrary to the Laws of God and man ; Their falfe Dodrine, contrary to Gods Word ; their < The Treface, their Tyrannicall domineering over the people j and with- drawing themfelves from due obedience , unto the lawful! Magiftratc. In a word, bydire^ily oppofing God, abu- fing men to their utter mine of foul and body , and fetting up their own inventions for the Laws of God, and men , they were a bringing this height of iniquitie to pafle, about the matter of two hundred ycers likewife, to wit, th^ fixth and feventh Age, although the workers of iniquity did at laft bring their mifchievous defigne t© an end, by the per- miflion of God, irritated againft men for their fins, who not adhearing unto him, were abandoned fo , that they be- came a prey unto Satan and his inftruments, to follow all iniquity j yet, fuch was the mercy of God towards men in thefe moft corrupt times, that the devill and his inftru- ments went not fo cleerlyon with their wicked bufineffe, but they had now and then , from time to time , remoraes and lets in it, by thofe whom God raifed up to bearwit- neffe to his Trueth j and in thefe dayes, fundry of the Scots Divines were very ftout in the keeping of the ancient Tenets and Rites ( which they had received from their firft Apoftles, Difciples to Saint John , according to the Church of theEaftj Witneflethe great ftruglingthey had about the keeping of PafchCjOr EaUer-dny ; for till then, the Scots had kept the day of Pafche, upon the fourteen day of the Moon , whatfoevcr day of the week it fell out on ; the Romanifts called thofe that kept fo this day , quartadecma- ^ ni , and condemned them as Hereticks , and they kept the day conftantly upon the next Sunday following , and not upon a working day j at laft the Scots were conftrained to yeeld in this, as in other Rites, unto Rome. Cnlmany and Coimannusd* divers others Scotilh men, did fo ftoutely oppofe theJ'jfi'S Romanifts in the point of Eafler-day, and in other Tenets , "P"""' '^'»* that they chofe, it being given to their choice, either to fumrimRi,- fubmituntoKowe, or to quit the fetlings they had in th^ JI'.JI^^'''''^ North of England, rather to lofe their Benefices , then to ycild. So ftandingfaft to the Cuftomes of the Scots Church, wherein they had been born and bred , they returijed home to Scotland. About The Preface, About the end of the fevchth Age , men from Scotland^ given to ambition and avarice , went frequently to Kome for preferment in the Church ; and feeing it lay much that way then, they did their beft to advance the defigne of the Romifh Party, wherein all the skill of worldly men was em- ployed,both in Kome^Sc among, the Scots cf that Party^many men went to and fro , between Kome and Scotland ^ to bring the Scots to a full obedience unto Jv<7/;/e, andconformitie ; by name there was one Boniface fept trom Kome to Scotland^ a main Agent for Kome in thefe affairs '-, but he was oppofed openly , by feverall of the Scots Culdees^ or Divines ; namely, by Clemens^ and Samfon^ who told him freely , That he, and thofc of his Party, fludied to bring men to the fub)e6tion of the Pope, and flavery of Kome , withdrawing them from obedience to Chrift ; and fo in plain termes, they reproached to him , and to hisaffiftants; That they were corrupters of Chrifts Do(^rine , eftablifliing a Sovereignty in the Bifliop of Kome , as the onely fucceffour of the Apo- ftles, excluding other Biiliops.^ That theyufed and com- manded Clericall tonfure j That they forbad Priefts Marri- age , extolling Celibat i That they caufed Prayers to be made for the dead , and erected Images in the Churches 5 to be fhort. That they had introduced in the Church many Tenets, Rites and Ceremonies, unknown to the ancient and pure times, yea, contrary to them. For the which, and the like , the faid Clemens^ and thofe that were conftant to the Truth , with him were excommunicated at Kome as Hereticks , as you have in the third Volume of the Cancels ; although the true reafons of their excommunication be not there fet down. In the eighth Age , the poor people were fo blindly in- flaved and intoxicat with theCup of il(?we, that they thoughtit a truelyholy Martyrdome to fuffer for thein- tereft of il<>we i yet, although mod men had left God, to worfhip the Beaft , in thefe dayes God raifed up fundry great Lights in our Church, as Alcuin^ Kabanii'S Manrm\ih Difciplc, Jolm Scot J and Claitdim Clemens. In this we iliall rcmarkc the conftant goodneife of God towards his people^ who T^he Treface. who made his Light fliine in fome meafure thorow the great- eft and thickeft darknefFe , by raifing up thefe men , who did bear witncffe to the Truth , both by word and writ- ing j fo that God did not altogether leave off his people. TheBifliop of Kw/ecaufed to declare AlcHirt (for his Book x)( t\iQ Enchariji ) many yeers after his death an Heretike. So Rome perfecutes the Saints of God , even after their death. In the ninth Age, both Prince and People, by doleful! experience, did finde the idlenefTe, pride, ambition, avarice and ryot of Church-men , occalioned by the indulgence of Prince and People ; wherefore, at Scorn under King Conjlan- //w the fecond , there was had a convention of States for reforming the diforders in the Church. In this Affembly it was ordained , That Church-men {hould refide upon their charge ^ have no medling with fecular affairs i that they fnould inftrudi: the people diligently, and be good examples in their converfations J that theyfhould not keep Hawks, Hounds, and Horfes, for their pleafure j that they ftiould c^«4^aio Weapons, nor be pleaders of civill Caufes, but live contented with their own provifions: in cafe of failing in the obfervance of thefe points j For the i,time,they were to pay a pecuniary tnnl^ or fine i for the 2, they were to be deprived from Ofjicio and Benejicio. Thus you fee, in thefe moft blinde and confufed times , That refolute Princes and People did oppofc manifeftly the Popes omnipotency , and higheft Sovereignty. In the later part of the fame Age, King Gregory was moft indulgent to Church-men 5 he was fo farre from curbing and keeping them under, that he granted them many things they had not had before. Then in a conven- tion of States holden at Forfane^ it was ordained , That all Church-men ftiould be free of paying Taxe» and Impoft j from keeping watch, and going to warfare. Item ^ They fliould be exempt from all Temporall judicature. Item^ All Matrimoniall Caufes were given over to the judgement of Church-men 5 as alfo Teftaments, Legative Actions , and all things depending upon fimple faith and promife. Like- wife , the right of Tithes , with liberty to make Lawes , f Canons, The l^reface. Canons, and Conftitutions i to try without the afliftance of the tempordll Judge , Heretikcs , Bla/phemers , Perju- red Pcrfons, Magicians, &c. Laflly, it was ordained, That all Kings following, at their Coronation , fhould fwear , to maintain Church-men in thcle their Liberties and Priviledges. In thcfe daycs lived a Learned man, called John Scoty firnamed/Er/^iew^, becaufe he was born in the Town of Aire \ he publifhed a Treatifc, De torpore ^fangui?ie Domini in Sacramento ^ wherein he maintained the opinion and do- d.n\\toi Bertram-, whereby he offended highly the Sea of Rome. In the tenth Age things grew worfe and worfe, The Church-men did fo blinde the King Conjlantine the third , That they perfwaded him to quit the Royall Crown , and take the Clericall Tonfure of a Monk , which he did at Saint Anclrervs j There werefome Priefts in thefe dayes, whodidftrive to have liberty to take lav^^fuU Wives, but in vain. A little thereaftcr,there were new difputes forPriefts marriage ; one Bernet a Scots Bifhop , ftood much for that caufe in a nationall Councell In this Age, although that avarice and ambition, had corrupted, and perverted Religion generally, yet there were conftantlyfome godly men, who albeit they could not openly flop and oppofe the torrent of thefe times , given to Idolatry and Superftition , did in- ftrucl and teach the people , That Chrift was the oncly pro-, pitiation for fin, a^id that Chrifts blood onely did wafii us from thj guilt of fin. In the eleventh Age , Malcome gave away a part of the Crown Lands among his Nobles, for their good fervice againft the Daties i the Nobles in recompence thereof, did grant unto the Crown the ward of thefe Lands, with the benefit that was to arife by the marriage of the Heir. Untill the later part of this Age , the Bifliops of Scotland y although they had raifed their Order unto a great power and riches , yet they were not diftinguiflicd in Diocelfes , fo till then indifferently, wherefoevcr they came, they did Miniftrate their Fundion , without lording over one par- ticular The Preface, ticular place, or calling thcmiclves Lords of any place. The Dioceffes wherein ScotLmd was divided at firft, were thefe, Saint Andrcrps^ Clafgo^ Mutray, Catnes^ Murthlac , or Aber- dcne. The Bifliops of Kome taking upon them in thcfe dayes to be above Kings, and to conferre in matters of Honour, upon Kings, how, and where they pleafed , and fo by this means, to put a farther tye of VafTalage and fubjedion upon Princes. To this cffeft, in the yeer 1098. ordained Kinor E^^^r to be anointed with extcrnall Oyl by the Bifliop of ^amt Andrews ^ a rite, which till that day, had not been in life among our Kings : yet they were as much the anointed of the F^ord before , as they have been (ince , and as any other Princes , who before them had this externall anoint- ing from the Sea of Rome -J although the Romilh Writers do make a greater eftecm of thefe Kings anointed by them, then of others , bccaufe they conceive them to be more their own. Here note by the way, That all Princes what- foever in Scripture-Language,are faid to be the Anointed of the Lord j and fo Cyr^rf was named , although he wa5 never anointed with externall Oyl. Next, although the firft Kings of Ifrael were anointed , as Saul^ Davidj and Solomon^ withfome of the following Kings j namely, where there was any oppofition feared of fetling them in theRoyall Throne; for further Confirmation were anointed. Read diligently the History of the Kings, and you fhall not finde that each one, or every one ot them was anoynted external- ly, although they were all the Anoynted of the Lord. Next, you fhall npte , That the Oyl wherewith Samuel anoynted Saul and Da'vid ( and fo the Oyl w^herewith other Kings were anoynted J) was not an Oyl confecrated , as that wherewith the High-Prieft , &>€. was anoynted, but com- mon Oyl. The rcafon of the Scripture-phrafe whereby all Princes 'are faid to be anoynted, is this : Anoynting, in firft and mofl: ancient times , was a figne of fetting apart of a man for the Office of a King. Hence, by progrelfe of time, any man that was fet afide by Gods providence to execute the Office of a King, whether he came thereunto by Succcffion, f 2 or The Treface, or by choice, or by Conqiieit , was called the Anoyntedof the Lord, becaufe they h.id the thing fignified by Gods ap- pointment, notwithltanding they wanted thefigne, to wit, theOyntment. Further we fliall obferve here,That not onely thofe whom God hath fct afide to be Kings , be called the Anoyntcd 'of the Lord i but alfo the people whom he hath fet afide or apart for a peculiar end : So the Prophet , fpeaking of the People of Ifrael in Gods Name, ufeth this expreffion, touch not mine Auoynted : For their fal^e 1 ha've repro'ved Kings. Moreover note , That as the people fet afide by God are faidtobehis Anoynted, To they are alfo called, A Koyall Triejlhood^Kings and Priejls. Not that every one of the peo- ple is a King or a Pricfi:, thefe being particular Callings, no more then they were anoynted , but becaufe they are fet afide by God as Priefi:s , to offer daily unto him the Sacri- fice of Righteoufncfle, &c. And as Kings were anoynted with Oyl , to fignifie their fetting afide for their peculiar Office ; fo every one of us, being anoynted in Baptifmeby the holy Spirit, isfet afide to do juftice , C^c. asaKing, in QU.r feverall ftation. : Thus much have I, in few words, fpoken of Kings an- bynting, and how the people are faid to be anoynted, or to be Priefts and Kings, becaufe in the beginning of the fif- teenth Age, fundry were condemned as hercticks, for faying. That cveryman isa Pricflin fome kinde j and that the an- oynting of Kings is now needlcfie , being an invention of Kw/e, to fubjeft Princes unto it. ;■ Some yeers after the beginning o^ the twelfth Age , King. Dafid, befide the BiOiopricks formerly erected , did cre£t the Bidio'pnck o£ Rojfe^ Breachen , Dnnkel, dnd Djmiblane. This debonaire Prince was fo profule towards Church-men, that he gave them a good part of the ancient Patrimony of the Crown: So he and his Succellor^ were neccffitated to* Jay Taxes and Impofi; upon the people , more then former- ly, to the harm of the Common wfalth. In this alio he ivyronged the Church.: for the Clergie being rich and power- ftjll, left their Funflion , and gave themfclves over to all riot ^Joe Treface. riot and idlenefle. Till riches made Chuixh-men lazic, this diftinsf^ion in difcharging the Duty of a Paftor, or of the fouls per fcj ant per aliiwi J was unknown. While riches did hot To abound in the Church , Church-men kept more con- fciencein the difcharging of their places. In this twelfth Age, the Scots, although they had Bifliops ever fince Palladiasy who for a long time did difcharge the Fun6lion indifferently in every place where they came to : And although they had of later times diftinguiflicd the li- mits of the bounds wherein they were to execute their Cal^ ling, byDiocelfes j yet in that Age, I fay , they were not come to that height, to have Primates, Metropolitans , and Arch-bifliops. Wherefore their neighbour , the Arch-bi- Ihop ofYorke, having gained the confent of the Pope, befcir- red himielf very earncftly, by the affiftance of his King, to have the Scotifh Bifliops acknowledge him for the Metropo- litane ; whereunto the ftouteft of the Scotifli Clergic would not confent , but they would depend immediately upon the Pope : and to this effe6l , Legats were fen t from Rome to S cot land\w\io being come hither,and feeing the refo- lutiori oftheScotirti Bifhopstiot to fubmit to thcArchbifhop oi Torke ; and finding their dwn benefit thereby, fheydid exempt and free the Scots Clergic , from the trouble of the Arch-bifliop of Tork^. There was one Gilbert Bifliop of Cat- ties a ^reat ftrusjler for this bufineffc. About the later end of this Age , fundry Priefts were put from their Office, becaufc they had taken Orders upon Sun- day. In that tinie there vV-as a Synod in Perth of Divines,fuch as they were, who decreed. That Sunday iliouldbe kept holy from all work, from Saturday at mid-day, or twelve of the clock, till Munday morning. In the thirteenth Age,few yeers after the beginning there- of, divers kindes of Monks came into Scotland^ formerly un- known to the Land 'izsVoniinicaiiSyFrancifcans^JacoblnSjZnd fundry other of that fort of Locufts. In this Age thefe Ver-i mine of Monks did fo multiply every where, that at a Coun- cell at Lyofts it was decreed, That no mors nerv Orders of Mon]i^ f 5 floonld T^he Treface, fljottld he admitted or tolerated. But how the Decree hath been kept, we fee in mir dayes. Next, the Monks or feverall kindes gave themfelves fo to Be2(s;ing , that the people were much eaten up by them, and the poor his portion was withdrawn j which occalioncd a great murmure among the Commons. Upon this, there was a Decree made* then , T^hat onely the Minorites^ Pr^dicantSy Carmelites J and Hermits ofS. Auguftine , fioHldha^/e liberty to beg : Whence they are called , The four Mendicants ; Les quatrsMendiants. Towards the end of this thirteenth Age fell out that great defolation of the State of Scotland^ occafioned by the Controverfie for the Succeffion of the Crown, betwixt Ba- liol and Bruce , Baliol being "conftrained by the States of Scotland to break the promife he had made to Edward of England y To fubjeft the Crown oi Scotland \into\i\m^ for- judging the caufe on hii fide. After much trouble and mi- fery of War j the State of Scotland receives Robert Bruce, come of the fecond Branch, for King , recalling all the fub- je(3:ion and Allegiance that they had given to Baliol^ becaufe of his unworthinefTe to Reign : who , befide unfitnefie to bear rilk over a Military People, had bafely condefcend- ed to enflave that Nation, to whom their Liberty hath been fo dear to this day, that for it , and the purity of true Reli- gion, which both, by Gods mercy, they now enjoy , they have willingly and cheerfully undergone all hazard of life and means ; judging , That if they fufFered thefe two twins, Liberty and Religion, either to be infringed, or taken from them, they had nothing left them, whereby they might be called men. The remarkable Hiftory of King Joines thefirft o£ Scot- land, fitteth this purpofe very well. The PafTage is this : King y^;;zej" the firft going into France , was taken by the Engliih, and kept prifoner by them for many yeers. In that time the King of England goes to Fnmce, to make Warre ; and at his arrivall there, he findcs an Army of Scots ready to fight for the AUiay o£ Scotland, the French King, againfi: the Englifii. Upon this, the King of England moves King James, The Treface. James^ whom he had taken along with him , to write unto the Scots, and to charge them, upon their Allegiance , not to draw their'Sword againfl: the party where he their King w as in perron. The Scots aniwered , That they were fent into Fnwfe to alliil: their Alliays againft the common ene- my . As for him who writ unto them, fince he wasapri- ioner, and not a freeman, they neither owed him Alle- giance, nor would they give him any, fo long as he was in prilon j but if he were let at liberty, and were living among them, they would obey him according to the Laws of the Countrey ; fince the Crown was fctled upon him by the confent of the States , and fo they did j for thefe Kingdoms were governed in his name, without any com- munication with him , during the time of his imprifor.- ment,which was very long 3 but when he went home, he was received and obeyed as King. From this Princes may learn , that although people do fubmit themfelves to their Govern- ment i therefignation isnot fofull as to deveft themfelves of all power in fuch a way , That the Prince may difpofc of them as he thinks right or wrong , he ordinarily being mifled and kept captive, by thofe that are about him j wh^ for the moft part ^ have no regard to the publike good, nor to the credit and efteem of him, to whom in {hew they profelfc themfelves fo addided ; the people have con - itantly referved even unto themfelves by the confent of all men, yea,of the greateft Court-parafites and Sycophants of Princes , that the Prince cannot, nor ought not to enflave or fubjeft the people to any Forreign Power j and wbcfe Princes by Pufillanimitie and ill counfell, have cfl'ayed or attempted fiTch a thing , they have fmarted for it ^ witnefle Baliol, who not oncly was excluded hinifclf from the Crown , but alfo his Pofterity j and it was fctled u^n the next Branch, to wit, Robert Britce^ with his dcfcendentSy where it continues to this day by Gods providence. Then fince the people have referved this power in themfelves, to ftop the Prince, to put them under any. Forreign yoak or (lavery ; is it poffible , That they have not referved a power to right themfelves from domcftick, andintcfiine flavcry, and ...3%^ The "Preface. andmifcry, (lavery being ever one and the fame ? For what is it to me by whom I fufFer evil of one and the fame kinde and degree, whetherit be by a neighbour, oraftranger, a forrcigner, or a con-citizen ? yea, when I fufFer by him who fliould be my friend , and ftand for the fame Freedom with me, my fufFering is the greater. To thispurpofeyouhave a memorable Paflage o£ Willi- am the Norman j who ^ although he had invaded £»^/^«^ with the Sword, and by it had defeated him who did oppofe him for the Crown, with all his adherents and party , and in confcquencie of this Vidiory, had committed many out-ra- ges with a ftrong hand 3 yet the fame William could never affure himfelf nor his Poftcrity of the Allcgeance of the People, till hehadfwornfblemnly (according to the Rite of the times) for himfelf and his. To govern according to the good and approved Laws of the Land, as the beft Kings before him had done. Then the County of Kent, in its own name, and in the name of the whole Kingdom, declared , That neither Kent^ nor any other of the Kingdom , was conquered , but in a peaceable way did fubmit to William the Norman , upon Condition, and with Provifo , That all their Liberties, and frccCuftoms in ufe and prafiice, fhould be kept. If this was not accompliftied afterwards, it was fillincfle of the Peo- ple that fuffercd rhemfclves to beabuied, and the fault of mifled Princes, mat did not keep their promife whercunto they were tyed : And fundry, for the breach of this promife, have had occafion to repent, when it hath been too late. We fhall adde one example more, which is, of Henry the eighth J who, anno 1525, the feventeenth yeer of his Reign, by the advice of his Councell , put a Tax upon the peo- ple ; which the people did not onely refufe to pay , but de- clared , That the thing was unjufi: and unlawfull. Withall, wherever they met thole whom the King had employed for the gathering the money, they ufed them fokindely, that they did never come twice to one place for the payment of the Tax. The King feeing this, he difclaims the Im- pofition of the Tax, andfo do the Nobles that convened at T~he Treface, at Londoftj by h-is Command, for that purpofe , and layes all the fault upon ill counfcU, namely, upon Wolfey. This was He«r)f conftrained to do, notwithftanding his refolutenefTe agdinft all forreign enemy , chiefly the Pope, with his fliave- lings. By this inftance, He«r)/ acknowledged his power to be limited, and no wayes arbitrary : Againfl: the do(5l:rine of our now Cout-parafiites. Now if the People have this much power in them, as to ftand for their Temporall Liberty,both againft forreign and domeftick flavery j far more may they , and ought they , to defend the Spirituall Freedom, which Chrifl: , havihg pur- ehafed with his Blood, hath left them, as Members of his Church. But all this defence of Liberty and Religion ought to be made fo , that it be without by-ends, finiftrous relpeds, of hatred, malice, ambition, &'c. The onely fcope and main drift being , To have Gods glory, in the Light of hisGofpel, fetled and maintained. The People at quiet, The Prince obeyed, in God, and for God (i-e.) according to the Law of God, Nature, Nations, and the Countrey or Kingdom, fo far as polfibly can be. This being lookt to carefully, there is no gap opened to Rebellion j which is a fighting againft Gods Ordinance, andnot the juft andne- ccffary oppofing of the abufe and corrupting of the good Ordinance of God. But here a Court-flave will lay , If things be fo , there is no abfolutenefTe in Monarch? and Princes ? To anfwer this, we muft know what is to be meant by ab- folnte^or abfolntenes ; whereof I finde two main fignifications. firft, abfolute fignifieth perfect:, and abfoliite/iejje perfedion ; Hence we have in Latin this expreflion , FerfeBnm eUomni^ buf, nnmens abfoluUtm. And in our vulgar Language we fay, A thing is abfolutely good , when it is perfectly good. Next , abfolute fignifieth free from tye or bond j which in Greekis ^-TsAgAvju-gVof. Now, fay I, \^ you take abfolute iot perfe6t, that Prince or Magiftrate is moft abfolute , that h moft perfed, who governs mofl: abfolutely, or mofl perfe£l:- ly. The abfolutenefTe of perfcdion of Government confili^s in its conformity to the perfcd Rule which is written in the g Law The 1^ re face. Law of God, printed in the heart of man, received gene- rally of all wife People , and in pra£i:ice by all particular well-poliflied Common-wealths. Next, I iay, if you take ahfolute for free from tye or bond , That no Prince nor Ma- Sjiftrate is free , for every Magiftrateor Prince, as well as the private man, is bound to keep the Law cf God, of Na- ture, C^c not onely in particular things, for his own Angu- lar carriage, but alfo in publike bufinefles, for the good and fociety of men, or of the people : for God hath given his Law, and Nature her Didates to all , to the obfervance of which all menaretyed. Yea, farther, they are not onely bound in their feverall Conditions , and tyed to the perfor- mance thereof in their own perfons ; but alfo are bound to further it with all their might, and take away all things that may lett and ftop this performance,or deterre and withdraw men from it. Read Leruit. 19. 17. where every man is commanded to rebuke his neighbour, and ftop him from finning. Read Dettt.iy .1^,20. where the King is command- ed to have continually the Copie of the Law before him for his Rule and Guide. What is in i Sam. 8. 10. is what a King is likely to do , and not what he ought orflioulddo. This is cleer ; for in the place now named , in Deitteronomyy the King is told what he ought to do j but that he is faid to do in Samuel^ is contrary to the Ordinance of God. Confer the places, and vou will eafily fee this truth. Next, a Prince is faid to be abfolute , that is , not in any kinde fubaltern to another , and whofefubjeds acknowledge (under God) no other but him. Hence you may fee , That the Popifli Kings and Princes are not abfolute j for, befide the great number of people within their Dominions who are immedi- ate fworn vaffalls to the Pope , I mean , the Shavelings ; The Prince himfelf takes Oath, at his Reception, To up- hold the over-ruling Government of the Pope, under, the masked name of Spirituality ; and the fimple abufed Prince fhallhave for a reward, to make up all, a little holy Oyl to anoynt him, and bear the Title of moft Chriftian or Ca- tholike Princes. Farther, I fay , That the Prince, who al- though in fome things hath caft off the yoke of this god upon T^he Treface, upon earth (for fo is the Pope now and then called) but keeps up a part of his tyranny in the Church of God over his people , wants and lofes fo much of his abfolute- nefle, for this tye upon him from a forreign Prince,the Pope. But here the Pope fliewcth the height of his cunning i for he feeing that Princes are told frequently, That they are ei- ther abfolute, or ought to befiiciij bethinks himfclf to keep up his'fuper-emincncy above Princes, ashis vaflalls, and yet make the Princes fmdc an abfoluteneffe j which he adis by his EmiiTaries, and their inferiour inftruments, for their own private ends , whom he makes inculcate in the ears of Prin- ces, That their abfohjteneile confifteth in doing with the Life, Liberty and Fortunes of the People, as feemsgood in their eyes, without any regard to the good of humane So- ciety, which is the true End of all Government : But with thisProvifo, That thofe who have relation to him imme- diately,be exempted : and thefe are not onely his fliavelings, who are openly obedient to his commands and orders, d>c. but alfo thofe, yea, in Kingdoms where his name is in a kinde rejected, who keep up his tyrannicall Laws and Ordmances, as we have felt of late, namely, in thefe Dominions where- in we live, toourwofull experience ; for they, to uphold and encreafe their power , have caf): both Prince and People into great troubles, making the Prince believe , That with- out them he hath no being. But to (hew thee that Princes may ufe the people commit- ted to their Charge like beafts, and yet neverthelcfle are not abfolutc, cafi: thy eyes in the neighbour Countreys onelv upon the Duke of Sa'voy , and the Duke of Florence 3 who, although they be Sovereigns in a kinde over the people, and deal moft hardly with them, taking their Lives and For- tunes away at their pleafure , yet they are not acknowledg- ed to be abfolute Princes i for they are vaffalls of the Em- pire, and their chief titles are to be Officers thereof: So the Duke of Sitvoy is qualified Vicar of the Empire,»dNf. If you confider the Prince, and people committed to his Charge, as having relation one to another, I fay, they are both bound one to another by Duty j the Prince firft bound g a to The Treface, ro rule and govern according to the Law of God, of Nature, of Nations, and Municipal! Laws of the Countrey and the People is bound to obey him accordingly : but if the Prince command any thing againfl: thcfc, his commands arc not to be obeyed, God being onely he, to whofe commands Obedience is {imply due,and to be given i but to men, onely obedience with limitation, and in extcrnall things, ac- cording to the Laws To oft above named , at the leaftnot iigainli them, or oppofite to them. The Chimera, or rather Solxcifme in reafon of paffive Obedience, is not to be thought on among rationall men , it being the invention of Court-parafites, ameer nothing, or non ens , for Obe- dience confifteth in action, as all other vertues do , and not in fuffcring. Farther , whofoever , for not obeying a wicked command of a Superiour , fufTereth , if he can ftp it, or fliun it, is an enemy to his own being, wherein he offends againft nature j for you fee every naturall thing fliriveth to conferveit felf againfl; what annoyeth it J then he fins againft the Order ot God, who in vain hath ordai- ned us {o many lawii:]] Means for thepre/ervationof our Beingjif we fuffer it to be deftroyed, having power to help it. But then it will be demanded j What, is there no abfolute- neffe in humane Authority ? I anfwcr, fimple abfolute- neffe there is none under God j For all humane Authority is limited by the Laws aforefaid , and extends no farther then extcrnall things i yet comparatively humane Au- Read aTiea- thotity is faid to be abfolute , when it is free from any For- tife,written in reiofnc Supcriour Power. So when Henry the eighth , anddcdic«ed having caft off the Romifh yoak, and putting down the to the King yafTaltage of thefe his Dominions unto the Pope , caufed by fohi Vic- \ ^ , , . r ? 1 r T T- • A ^wKZ'^*^"- divers Books to be written or the abloJute Lmpireor Au- E'priiJ?' thority of the Prince i although, after the freeing himfelf St' iiurn ^"""^"^ '■"^^ Pope , he had not, nor did not pretend to have mighton his any more abfolute power over the people, then he had be- kd?h?Ror^^ fore i but,albeit this Prince did much for the regaining rox. written ^^^ abfolutc Authority to the Crown again, in chafing inEnglijh.zm / , , ,. , . " r 11 • r dedicated to gway the Romifli Pontirt, yet, he did it not mlly, in lo KingH^r,. ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ j^^^^ ^. jj ^.j^^ Ro^iifli Pvites , and theHierarchy , or The ^Preface, or Prelacy, wherein the Roniifli Fox lurkin.a, hath kept himfelf in thefe Countreys unto this day i and now having aded the f'ox long enough , he is acJiing the Woolf by de- dcftroying the people of God 5 if the Succeifors of King Henry had not kept in the Roniifli Snperftitious Rites and Hierarchy, they, and we all had had better times, then we have all tafted of. Although King Hewjy for his Vices, be blame worthy to all pofterity, yet I muft fay, in all humane appearance. That if the Prelat-Biihops, to whom he trnftcd the reforming of the abufes of the Church, had been as forward, as he was willing , there had been a better Refor- mation then was in his time , witncffe this inftancc , The People defired freeclome to read the Scripture , the the?t Bijhops refufed this unto the People. Whereupon the King WAS petitioned in the name of the People , the King grants their Petition j the Bifliops hearing of the Kings grant, thus limit it , not daring to deny it flatly, That all Gentlemen fjottld ha'ue liberty to read the Scripture., fmce it was the Kinas fleafnre , but for others , the permilTion was flopped : As if Yeomen and Tradcfmen, had not as much intereft in Gods Word , as Gentlemen. Then remarke all thofe that were put to death for the tcftimony of the Truth \n Henry the eighth his daycs , were perfecuted by the Bifliops of the time, although the blame lieth upon the Prince ; for albeit they had in compliance to the King renounced the Pope by word of mouth, yet in efre61: they kept up his tyranny, by his dodrine Cwith fmall alteration changed) his Rites and Ce- remonies, Canons and Laws, Prelacie or Hierarchie main- tained : And feeing the King fo oppoOte to the Pope , they condcfcended that the King fliould bear the blafphemous Title ot the Pope, Head of the Church ., although with re- ludancy : and fo it proved 3 for notwithftanding all the Sta- tutes that were made in favour of this Title taken from the Pope, and attributed to the King , the Bifliops with cunning and fubtill proceedings, kept a foot the power of the Pope ; and fo foon as they faw the occafion of Queen Marie her Reigne, they freely .and eafily brought all back again to Kome y without Maskc or Limitation : and ever fince, g 3 ■ their ^ The T re face. their racceflorsyalthoiigh by the courie of affairs (they) have been obliged to difclaim the Pope his authority^ yea, and his dos^rine in fomemeafure^ yet they, everfince, to this day, have exprclled their inclinations, and done their endeavours to return thither again, as we all know by dolefulJ experi- ence. But here it may be demanded , What drift or policie can it be in the Bidiops , to defire to be fubjed to Koine^ rather then to their Prince, and Laws of the Countrey > Theanfwcris, The propcnfitie of us all , to follow evill rather then good, is known, namely. When the evill hath the mask of v/orldly dignitie, pomp, power, andpleafure, which hinders it to be Icen in its own colours. Now the Bifliops and all the rabble of that corrupt Clergy, are given to Tcmporall , howfoever unlawful! advantages, as their ambition, avarice, and luft, from the very beginning hath fhewn ; which exorbitant paflions lead men head- long , without mcafure , when once way is given UU'^ to them, unlcfle they meet with fbmelett or ft op, which is both lefler and flower, when it is afarreofF, namely, when it cometh from one who is pofleflTed with the fame di- liempers, and himfelf of the fame order of men with the Delinquent ; andfo the Bifliops of this Ifland, had rather have to do with the Pope, then with the Prince. Firft,Becaufe of mutuall infirmity the Pope proveth more indulgent then any Prince. Next, The Prince is too necr them , andfoit isbeft for them to be fo free of the Prince his Jurifdi6iion , that they may be able not t)nely to negled him, but alfoto oppofe r.tiiMmhew him. For all , let that example of the Canterbury-i^veXzt ehe'S.^^'^ferve j who made the King for the time to hold the Stirrup when he gat up upon his horfe. The Story is known. I called a little before the Title o^ Head of the Churchy ufed by the Pope , and then given to Henry , blaJphemoM. Tolayafide all other things that may be allcadged againft this Title , I fli^l onely iay this j The Church is the Spoufc ofChrift: NoSpoufecan be laid to have any other Head, buthim whofe Spoufe flie is. Now if the Church fliould acknowledge her lelf to be the Spoufc of any other but of Chriflr, The Treface,, Chrift, (he were a profcfled Whore and Adultcreffe. By- no means then a Prince is to be called, The Head of the Church : For although the civill Magiftrate is obliged, ac- cording to his rank and place, to fee theMinifters of the Church do the work of the Lord, truely, diligently, and carefully, and to make them do it according to the Will of God declared in his Word 3 yet for all this , he is nothing but a fervant, overfecr, or graff, and not tho-Head^ which, is a Title belonging onely to Chrift j wherefore, Princes or Magiftrates, that by flavifli flatterers had this Title given un- to them at the firft , had done well to rejefl: it , as their Succeifors, who have followed, had done well likewife, Caccordingto God his Will ^ if they had not fuffered this Title to have been continued unto them , namely, in the publike prayers, where the time-fervinginconfiderate Mi- nifler prayeth, in the name of the Church, for her Head; if the Head of the Church needs to be prayed for, then the influences of the Head, upon the Church, will be but poor . and weak, &c. But of this enough for this place. Moreover , The flattering Preachers, unrequired in the publike prayers in the name of the Church , call the Prince forfooth , The Breath of our Nojirils ^ taking for his ground, the words of Jeremy^ in his Lamentations, Chap.j^. ^T • r 1 • r 1 r II r I • -r. . terbury ior ihi miulting Letter,and hill of threatnmgs,untoLr/«;^;r/,that he timt/mfohn was fo malapert as to do any wrong "to his vaflalls and fub- ,^!ctmS«r jc6}:s, where he had none,trueIy,fave the Bifliops, and Shave- lings, with their clients. Whether the Clergie did make this offer of fubje6J:ion unto the Pope, or whether he did falfly invent this lye, we cannot tell, but it is betwixt the Pope and his fhaved creatures 3 fuchmafter, fuch men. Let this h ^ teach The Treface, teach us, how the Popes are , and have been , and will be ever conftantiy ready watching at all occafions , to draw all things to their Croile. But this owning of the Scots by the Pope for his peculiar people did not laft long ^ for in a very fliort time thereafter , notwithftandnig the great ignorance of thefedaycj, the Scots fliewed thenifclves refradaries to his holy Orders j and he, in revenge, did thunder the fire- bolts of his Excommunication agiinft thcfc rude fellows, putting them to the Intcrdi(51:, all to fmall purpolb j for by thefe Bolts they were but very little dallied. We have heard how that in former times the Church of Scctland was ftrvcd by Culdees , and they ruled by their Presbyteries or Elders , having a Moderator, or Prefect of themielves, and of their own chudng : This was for ma- ny yeers. When Pall^dim brought in Prclacie , a new ho- ly Order, into the Church oi Scotland ^ unknown to the preceding Ages , it was with this Reftraint , ThatBifhops fliould be chofen by the Culdees , and of them : But when Biftiops had once gotten certain Dioccffes and Limits alot- tcd unto them, they fetup anew Presbytery of their own, or Councell of Canons or Regulars, which they called Cha- pters j by whom they intended to be chofen in following times. The Culdees feeing this, did oppofe it with their main ftrength, naiycly, under King Da'vid^ who did take up the bufincflc thus ( being carried away by the Prelats) That fo many of the Culdees as would be Canons, fliould have hand in the chufing of the Bifhops. But the Bifliops, to elude this Ordinance of the Prince, obtained a Mandate from the Pope , That no Culdee fhould be received in the Convent of Canons, but by the confent of the Prior, and moft part of the Canons. By thefe means the Culdees were kept out , and deprived of their voyce in chufing of the Bifhop. In the time of the troubles of Bai/oUnd Britce^ one William Cttmin^ Prefed of the Culdees, thinks it fit for to beftir himfelf , to trie what he could regain upon the Ca- nons ; and fo he oppofeth the Election by the Canons of one William Lamherton to the Sea oi S.Andrews :T\\Qhni\- nefl'e being come to a great height , by Appeal was drawn to l^he Treface, to R«;/e,where,after much debate ^royi?iw^,time and moneys employed, the holy Y'dthcv Boniface the eight pronounces fen- tence, in favour of his dear Clients the Canons , and fo Lam- berton is made Bifliop, and confecrated by the Pope Boniface . Thisfa61: turned fo to the difgrace of the Cnldees , that after that time we rcade no more ot them^fo the Name and Order by little and little came to be quite cxtingui(hed , about the beginning of the thirteenth age. In the beginning of the fourteenth age , the Order of the Templets was put down , whether for their juft demerits, or for private ends and hatred, we leave it to the Hiftories of thefe times , Pope C/ewe;// the fift by his Bull did cafhier them, the Bull beginning thus, Ouanquam dejnrenonpoffu- mu^ ^taffienpro phmutdim poteftatis diSium Ordi?]ein reproba- WJi^^< He anfwered , That he was a good rnan , and that his Articles ^vere to be jnatntained. Lange difcovers this fimple mans con- feflion i and this confeflion being taken for a fufficient proof, the poor man was condemned to be burnt,and fo he was, im- mediately after they had degraded him, 'according to their Cuftom. As they were leading him to the Execution-place, he complained of the Fryer who had betrayed him, and faid, Letnowantruji the falfe Fryers, after me; they are dejpifers of God, and deceifers of men. They burnt him at the North Style of the Abbey Church in Saint Andrews, that the Here- ticks of Jnous might fee the fire, p One Andrew Olipham accufed with heat J^^/f^r Mill, an ^55"' ancient man, and formerly a Priefl:, and faid to him , being at his devotion, Rife up, Sir Walter. He anfwered, when he had ended his prayer, My name is Walter : I ha'vebeen too long one of the Popes Knights ( for all Priefls are Sirs. ) An- drew Oliphant faid to him, Thou l^eepejl my Lords too long here, therefore haUe. He anfwered , J muBobey Cod before men. Being l^he Treface, Being queitioned by Olipha^tt concerning Priefts Marriage, he aniwcred. It was Cods OrclinMce , Thai e'jryof the ,. '-> J j J j j .' jlbi^ols, Lib. I . thejc 7nmy jeers . ■ up.'i w here y . jhut after the Cenfe^ratfon irt the Oiiaffe^ there remains Bread ^and that there yj^^^J^ll^.^isnotthenaturallBodjofchr}(i. " ' . ' ons, and C.J- 8 .That Tythes ought not to be ^iven to Ecclefiafiicall men, as they were then called ^ lumnics wif to wit,n'/^/ no cAfc it is iAwfiillto [wear, to wit, idly, raflily,and in vain. ^ •^^ 22. That Vrieils rM'^ hsvcti^!Ves,/iccordii7gtothc conflttiitionof the La\v^ and of the Primitive Chriftian Chuj-ch. i 3 . That true Chrijlians receive tfie hodf of ^cfn-s Chrifi every day by Faith. 24. That after Matrimtf/y be contraffed, and confummate ^ the Kyrk may make rio Divorcement. 2 5 . That Exccmmimicatton hindes ;?o?,if un jufL 26. That the Pope forgives iiot f,ns, but onely God. 27. That Faithflwtiidfiot be given to M/racles^io fiich namely as the Romifli were then, and' arc to this day. 28. That we flwitld not fra-j to theglsriom Virgin Mary, but to Cedonely, fincc ' Althtughtbt heoncly hears us, and can help us. Tmpkbefaa -> g. That rve are no mere bound to pray in the Kwk then in other places '*". ^J}''-^" f,"'" 3 o . That we are not bound to beleeve all thdt Doctors of the A irk have written, an mt foikdtt 7 1 . That fuch as wor[l)ip the Sacrament in the Kyrk (we fuppofc the Sacra- ''"r'"" <«?.'« ment ofthe Altav ) commits Idolatry. r,otfimu(hl:,he 3 z . That the Tope is the head of the Kirk of Antichrijl. RammfistvoiAd 33. That the Pope and his Minifters are murtherers of fouls, havensiobe,^c- 34. That they which are called Princes and Prelates in the Church, are Theeves, j./'iTi i*.2'i 2 *? and Robbers. forwhtnfKvtrz By chcfe Articles which God of his merciful! providente caufed the cne- ^l^J'^ ^f'^"^ miesofhistruthto ftcepin their regifters, may appear how mercifully God Hm-,iimin hath looked upon this Realm , retaining within it fome fpark of his 'ygl^t, '!"^''^^'"f' even in the time of greateft darknefTe. Neither ought any man to wonder^al- prkceimdpeg^ beit that fome things be c»bfcurely,and fbme things doubtfully fpoken. But p'<,<'«it/*»f »/»« rather ought all faithfull to magnifie Gods' mercy , who without P^blike ^'^'^'^^^^^*'^- Dodrine gave Co great light. And further, we ought to confider that feeing caufi^iofayM. that the enemies of Jefus Chrift gathered the forefaid Articles, thereupon to ''"»?«/>'«»«» u.:cufe the perfons aforefaid, that they would deprave the.mcaning of Gods 'iTthxtmiif fervants fo far as they could •, as we doubt not but they have done , in the tto thinly it ah. heads of Excoramunication*,S wearing*, and of Matrimony '^: In the which gg'/J^ ^'^'j'^* it is no doubt but the fervants of God did damne the abufe only, and not the «?/«. '"''^' tight Ordinance of God: for who knows not that the Excommunication ' i^^^iieffe tin^ ill thefe dayes was altogether abufed iT That Swearing aboundeth without s,uml»»^"^ punifhment or remorfe of confcience: And that Divorcements was made,for f»jj.B« 1 fm fuch caufes as worldly men had invented. But to our Hiftory, Albeit that ^"'j^fi'iihuf. the accufarion of the Bifhop and of his Complices was very grievous , yet Bo'yd;,*,^^,,^, Cod fo aflifted his fervants , partly by inclining the Kings heart to gentle- 'idco ian.e$ ' neflfe (for divers of them were his great famihars ) and^'partly by giving J^^^'|'°"'^^^^ bold and godly anfwers to their Accufators, that the enemies in the end r»/amesf Jba were fruflrate of their purpofe. For while the Bifliop in mockage faid to '"^■"icd epe, u^, jidam Reade of Barskeiming • Reade^ht\tcvz ye that God is in heaven i He le^hXfchl!!'' anfwered ^ Not as I do the Sacraments feven : Whereat the Bifliop think- bauboi.g(r» ingto have triumphed, faid-. Sir, lo, he denies that God is in heaven < %^'"^P!'^"'' Whereat the iCing wondring, faid -, Adam Meade ! What fay ye r The other fromhim^md'^ anfwered; Pleafeth your Majcfly to hear the end betwixt the churle .ind me : "f^hd oUen- and therewith he turned to the Bifliop and faid ^ I neither think nor belccve, ^^i^^-^"'' ^*"^ B a as ' 4 TheHifiorieofthe^eformation Lib.i Anno ^^ '•^^^'■^ thinkeft that God is in heaven •, but I am moft aflurcd, that he is not , onely in heaven, but alio in the earth; But thou and thy fa(ftion declare by •»-,<7VV^ your works, that either ye think there is no God at all , .or elfe that he is fo ttt up in heaven,that he regards not what is done upon the earth : for if thou firmly beleevedft that God v/ere in the heaven, thou fliouldeft not make thy AdjmKc.tde,hn felf chcck-mate to the King , and altogether forget the charge that Jefus boidaud godly chiift the Son of God gave to his Apoftks, which was,To Preach his Go- fpcl, and not to play the proud Pre!ates,as all the rabble of you do this day : And now. Sir, faidhetotheKing , judge ye, whether the Bifliop or I be- leevebeft that God is in heaven. While the Bifliop and his band could not well revenge themfclves , and while many taunts were given them in their * Now. teeth. The King willing to put an end to further reafoning, faid to the faid AdamReade-^ Wilt thou burn thy billr Heanfwered^ Sir, the Bifhqp and ye will. With thefc and the like fcolfs , the Bifliop and his band were fo daflied out of countenance , that the greatefl: part of accufation was turned to laughter. After that Diet , we finde almoft no quefliion for matters of Religion, the fpace ncer of thirty yeers ^ for not long after , to wit, in the I "t'oo. yeerofGod 1500. the faid Bifliop ^/^/.t^jr departed this lifc,going in his fu- perftitious devotion to ^erufalcm : Unto whom fuccceded Mailer ^ames Bctone, fon to the Laird of Edfor in Fife , who was more careful! of the world, then he was to Preach Chrifl: , or yet to advance any Religion, but for the fafliion onely , and as he fought the world it fled him not : For it was well known that at once he was Archbifliop of Saint Andrews ^ Abbot of Dtmftrmeling^ Aherhrothe, Kylrvinmsg^ and Chanccllour of Scotland: For af- I ? J ->. tcr the unhappy field of Flowdome , in the which periflied King ^ames the fourth, with the greateft part of the Nobility of the Realm, the faid Be- tome with the reft of the Prelates , had the whole Regiment of the Realm. And by rcafon thereof held and travelled to hold the truth of God in thraldome and bondage, till that it pleafed God of his great mercy in the i -5 2 7 . yecr of God 1 5 27. to raifc up his fervant Mafter Patrick Bammdton^ at whom Brothc.sfonto our Hiftorv doth begin : Of whofe progenie, life, and erudition , becaufe Earic oiAnm men of fame and renown have m divers works written •, we omit all curious and fifters fon repetition , fending fuch as would know further of him then we write to Duke'of'Tr •^^^^'^^ Lambert^ ^ohn Frith , and to that notable work lately fet forth by tU. ^° '' ' ^ohn Fex, Englilh man , of the lives and deaths of Martyrs within this Ifle in this our age. This fervant of God Mafter Patrick Ha?»ihe»,bc'mg in his youth provided to reafonable honours and living ( he was intituled Abbot of Fern ) as one hating the world and the vanitie thereof, left Scotland, and pafTed to the Schools in Germany •, for then the fame of the Univerfitic of Wittenberg yfZ'i greatly divulgate in all Countreys : where by Gods providence he became familar with thofe lights and notable fervants of Chrift Jefus of that time, Martin Luther^ Philip Melan£ihoa , and the faid Francis Lambert^ did fb grow and advance in godly knowledge , joyned with fervencie and integrity of life, that he was in admiration with many. The zeal of Gods glory did fo eat him up, that he could not long continue to remain there, but returned to his countrey where the bright beams of the true light , which by Gods grace was planted in his heart, began moft abundantly to burft forth,as well tn publike as in fccretj for he wasCbefides his godly knowledge) well learned in Lib. 1. o/E^cligton in the ^ealme of Scotland. 5 in Phylofophie , he abhorred Sophiftric, and would that the Text of v/r/- ^^mmq (lotle ftiould have been better underftood, and more ufcd in the Schools than -,,^-^ - then it was j for Sophiftrie had corrupted all, as v/ell in Divinitie, as in hu- ^-<^*^-' inanitte. In fhorc proceffe of time, the fame of his reafons and Dodrine troubled the Clergie , and came to the ears of Eifhop ^ames Betonne , of whom before we have made mcntion,who being a conjured enemy to Chrift Jcfus, and one that long hath had the whole regiment of this Realm , bare impatiently that any trouble fhould be made to the Kingdom of darkneH'e, whereof within this Realm he was the head. And therefore he fo travelled with the faid Mafter Patnke that he gat him to Saint Andrews , where after the conference of divers daycs he had his freedom and liberty. The faid Bifliop and his bloody Butchers , called Dodours , feemed 'to approve his DotStrine , and to grant that many things craved Reformation in the Eccle- liafticall regiment. And amongll the reft, there was one that fecretly con- fcnted with him ulmoft in all things, named. Frier Alexander Canipbell,2. man A Dominiars of good wit and learning , but yet corrupt by the \vorld , as after we will ^""" hear: when theBifhopsand Clergie had fully underftood the minde and judgement of the faid M.^^cx Patrick , and fearing that by him their king- dom ftiould be endamaged , they travailed with the King , who then wiS young , and altogether addidl to their commandment . that he ftiould Note how paffe in Pilgrimage to Saint Dotheffe in Kiffe , to the end that no inter- church mea ceflion ftiould be m. dc for the life of the innocent fervant of God , who n"t"t;o1fhc fu{pe^-^, and fearfuU before men, yet is it the entrance unto cternall Hfc, which none fliall pofTeffe that denies Chtift Jcfus before this wicked generation. The innocent fervant of God being bound to the ftake , inthemidfl: of fome coales , fome timber , and other matter appointed for the fire , a traine of powder was made, and fet on fire,which gave to the bleffed Martyr of God, a blaifc, and fcorched hi'^ left hand and that fide of his face,but neither kin- dled the wood nor yet the coales, and fo remained the appointed to death in torment , till that nlen ran to the Caftle again for more Powder, and fire woodmoreabletotakeHre, which at lafl: being kindled, with loud voice, cried •, Lord J-e^us receive mj fpirit ; How long fhail ddrk/icfjc overwhelm this Rcalme ? {^nd horv long wilt thou fufer this tyrannie of mat ? The fire was ilow, and therefore was his torment the more : But mofl: of all was he grie- ved by certain wicked men,amongfl: whom Camfbcl the blackFrier(of whom we fpake before ) was principall , who continually cryed , Convert Herctick, Call upon our Lad)^ fay, Sdve Regifia, c^c. To whom he anfwercd , Depart, Flier Cim[M and trouble mc not^ thou meffenger of Satan. But while that the aforefaid Frier apoflate. ft.iU raored , one thing in great vehemence he faid unto him- Wicked vtan^ thou kmnefi the contrary , and the contrary to 7nc thou hafl confcjfed • / appeale ih?t before the tribunjill feat of Chr/fl ^efm. After which, and other words, which well could not be underftood nor marked beciiufe of the tumult, and vchemencie ofthefire-, Thevritneffeof Jefus C.hrift gate viftory, after long fufferance, the laft of February, in the yeere of God 1527. The faid Frier departed this life within few dayes after , in what eftate, we referre to the manifeftation of the general! Day. But it was plainly known, that he died in Glafgow in a phrenzie, and as one dcfpaired. Now that all men may underftand what was the fingular erudition , and godly knowledge of the fiid M.PatrikeHamilton^wt have inferted this his lit- tle pithie Work , containing his AfTcrtionsand Determinations, concerning , the I aw,thc Office of the fame ^ concerning Faith,and the true Fruits there- of-, firft by the fiid Mafter p/jmy&f colledled in Latinc , and after tranflatcd into vulgar Language. of the Larv. THeLavvis,aDo(5lrinethatbiddethgood, and forbiddeth evill , as the Commandments here contained do fpecifie. The ten Cemmandments. 'HouflialtworfliipbutoneGod. 2. Thou flialt make thee no Image to worfliip it. 3 .' Thou (halt not fwear by his Name in vain. 4. Hold the Sabbath day holy. 5. Honour thy father and thy mother. 6. ThoM fhalt not kill. 7. Thou flialt not commit adultery. 8. Thou (halt not fteal. 9. Thou flialt bear no falfe witnefFc. i o* Thou flult not dcfirc ought that belongeth to thy neighbour. Mi'u*. ^£ that loveth God and his neighbour, keepcth all the Commandments pear. 6. of God. Love the Lord thy Cod mth all thine heart, with all thy foul , and with Matth. II. 4l/thy ptttide : this is the firji and great Commandment . The fecond is like unto this. Love thy neighbour as thy f elf 5 in thefe tivt Commandments hang all the Larv Him. and Prophets. He that loveth God , lovcth his neighbour : if any man fay ^ 1. Joh. 4; / love God J and yet hafeth his neighbour, he is a Iyer ; Hz that loveth not his brother" whont T Lib.i. of^'B^igion in the %ealmeof Scotland. 7 whom he hath [een.,horv cm he love God whom he hath not feen ? He that loveth Arifir-) his neighbour as himfelfc , keepeththe whole Commandments of God. Whatfoe'i'cr ye novld that men j\--)Ould do unto you , even fo do unto them , for this is cdicIh^. the LiW andthe Prophets. He th.tt loveth his neighhonr^ fulfilleth the Law • Thou M^"'' 7- ^)At mt commit Adulter'^ , Thsitflmlt not kill ^ Thou fihilt not (led ^ Thoufljah not ""' ''' (?eiirfttlfenvtnelJei!gain(ithj neighbour , Jhonfluh not dcfne , and fb forth : If there be any other Commandment , all arccomprehended under this fay- in g, i^t^fi^^j w^'/^^''^'"'^'?^^ ^^7/'''^/- Hcth.it loveth his neighbour, keepeth ^aht < all the Commandments of God, Rom. ii.Gdl. <,. lie that loveth God^ loveth his neighbour^ I ]o\\. A. Ergo, He that loveth God , keepeth all his Com- ^fj"'"' raandments. He that hath the faith, loveth God •, My Father loveth yon, be- Minor. ' cai'.fe ye love me^ and believe that I Ciime of God. He that hath the faith , ke'ep- eth all the Commandments of God •, he that hath the faith , loveth God, joh.j^.' and he that loveth God,keepcth all the Commandments of God. Er^if^Wt that hath faith, keepeth all the Commandments of God. He that kcepeth '^""^'"'A one Commandment, keepeth them all. For v^'ithout faith it is irapolTible to keep any of the Commandments of God-, and he that hath faith , keepeth ''''jf ,tr" ^^ all the Commandments of God. Ergo , He that keepeth one Command- "^e uwifemy meat of God, keepeth them all. oiuthitbeiicvuh He that keepeth not all the Commandments of God, he keepeth none of ^<*'"-'° ^^' them ; he that keepeth one of the Commandments of God, he keepeth all : ErgOyii^ that kcepeth not all the Commandments, he keepeth none of them; It U not in our power without grace to keep any of Gods Com.mandments. Without grace it is impoflib'c to keep one of Gods Commandments , and grace is not in our power. Ergo, It is not in our power to keep any of the Commandments of God. Even fomay you rcafon concerning the holy Ghoff and fliith. The Law was given us to fliew us our fin. By the Laic Cometh the knowledge of f.n •, / knew not what (in meant ^ but through the Law. I ^°^- ?• knew not what lufi kid meant, except the Law hadfaid. Thou P)alt not lu(l. With- ^'^"^' ^' out the Law fin was dead, that is , It moved me not , neither will I that it was fin, which notwithftanding was fin , and forbiddenhy the Law. The. Law biddcth us do that which is impoflTible for us ^ for it bids us keco all the Commandments of Gq6. , and yet it is not in our power to keep any of them. £rj^c,Itbiddethusdo thatwhich isimpolfiblefor us. Thou wik fay. Wherefore doth God command us that which is impolllble for us < I anfwer. To make thee know. That thou art but evill, and that there is no re- medy to fave thee in thine own hand :, and that thou maift feek remedy at ut fome other : For the Law doth nothing but command thee. OftheGoJPel. Godfpd./han-s He Gofpel is as much to f;iy in our Tongue, as good Tydings , like as Codj word,buc every one of thefe Sentences be. ' ' " ZtTSJ"' Chrifl is the Saviour of the world. c!-,a»p.irt°w i:h Chrifl is our Saviour. "■'« c-.u Eva.^- Chriftdicdforus. f^!: uT: Chrift died for our fins. ot!itr,wir<:.Go- Chrifl offered himfelf for us. '^^- ^C^f^^^^^ Chrifl bare our fins upon his back. is,G(H)djivo.dv, Chrifl bought us with his Blood. ^"'i'^. ^^oU Tl < The Hijlory of the T^efomation JLib i. Chriftwaflit us with his Blood. ^ Chrift came into the world to fave finners. Chrift came into this world to take away our fins. "Chrift was the Price that was given for us and our fins, Chrift was made Debtor for our fins. Chrift hath paid our Debt, for he died for us. Chrift hath made fatisfadion for us, and for our fins. Chrift is our Righteoufnefte. Chrift is our Wifedom. Chrift is our SanAification. Chrift is our Redemption. Chrift is our Satisfiidion. Chnft is our Goodnellc. Chrift hath picified the Father of Heaven. Chrift is Ours, and all His. Chrift hath delivered us from the Law, from the dcvill, and hell. The Father of heaven hath forgiven us for Chrifts fake. Or any fuch other as declare unto us the mercies of God, The nature of the Law, andtf the Ctfpel. rShcweth us our fin. j Sheweth us our condemnation. The Lavv* Is the word of ire. I Is the word of defpaii-. lis the word of difpleafureJ 'frShcweth us a remedy for it." ^ 1 Shewcth us our Redemption, The Gofpel < Is the Word of Grace. Is the Word of Comfort, lis [s the Word of Peace. - c^ Di [put at ion hetv^ixt the Law and the CoJ^el. ^ Pay thy Debt. , The Law faith,-^ Thou art a dcfperate finner. ^Thou (halt die. r Chrift hath paid it. The Gofpel nuth,< Thy fins arc forgiven thee. ' Be of good comfort, thou art faved. SMake amends for thy fin. The Father of heaven is wrath with thee. i ne i.aw laitn^^^j^^j.^ ^^ ^.j^^ righteoufne{re,goodne{rc and fatisfaftion ^ ^Thou art bound and obliged unto me, the devil arid hell. Chrift hath made it for thee. Chrift hath pacified him with his Blood. Chrift is thy righteteufneftc, goodneflfe, $c fatisfafiion. Chrift hath delivered thee from them all. F of Faith. Aith is to believe God, like as Abraham believed God, and it was countedt$ him for righteoufneffe. He that believed God, believed his Word. To bclkve in him, is to believe his Word,and accompt it true that he fpeakcth : he The Gofpel faith, < Lib. I. of^elig'wn in the ^alme of Scotland. p he that believeth oot Gods Word, he compteth him falfe , and a lyar , and ^/^ nj-jQ believeth not that he may and will fulfill his Word, and fo he denieth both i^-^y-vj the might of God, and hjmfelf. Faith is the gift of God : Every good thing is the gift of God. Faith {s good -^ Ergo ^ Faith is the gilt of God- The jami. gift of God is not in our power : Faith is the gift of God, £r^(7, Faith is not in our power. Without faith it is impofTible to pleafe God • all that coraeth notof fiuth,is fin -for without faith, can no man pleafe God. Befidcsthat, r^^ i^_ he that lacketh faith, he trufteth not God • he that truftcth not God,ti-ufteth Heb n, not in his Word ; he that trufteth not in his Word, holdech him fltlfc^ and a lyar •, he that holdeth him falfe and a lyar, he believeth not that he may do that he promifcth, and lb denieth he that he is God : O how can a man, be^ ing of this falhion, pleafe God J No manner of waycs, yea fuppofe he did allthe works of man and Angel. , , All that is done in Eiith, pleafcth Godi Right is the Word of God, and all his works in faith : Lord thine eyes look to faith ^ that is as much to fay, as, Lord thou delighteft in faith : God loveth him that believeth in him, how can they then difpleafe him ^ He who hath faith, isjuftand good, and a good tree bringeth forth good fruit; 'Ergo, all that is done in faith, pleafeth God. Moitover, he that hath faith, beleeveth God •, he that believeth God, believeth his Word •, he that believeth his Word, wotteth well that he is true and faithful! , and cannot lie •, but knoweth well that he both may and will fulfill his Word. How.can he then difpleafe him ^ For thou canft do no greater honour unto God, than to count him true. Thou wilt then fay. That theft, murder, adultery, and all vices pleafe God : No verily, for they cannot be done in fairh •,. (ot.z good tree beareth good fruit. He that hath faith , wotteth well that Iie^leafeth Qod 5 for^^U that is done in faith, pleafeth God ; faith is afureneflfe : FAithtsu fure confidence tf/Keb.i#, things vnhich Are hoped for, and a certninty of things rvhicb are not fee n >• The fame Rom f . ffirit certifieth ourjfirit, that we are the chiMrei^ of God. Moreover , he that Rom.4. haththefaith, wotteth well that God will fulfill hi§ Word; £rj-(>, faith is a furenclfe. : ji man juflifiedhj faiths r A Braham believed God, and it veas imffftedtohim forrighteoufneffe ; we Ro"4. of thefaithof Chrifi. THe faith of Chrift is,To believe in hirn,thatis, To believe in his Word, and to believe thatlie will help thee in aH thy need, and deii-ve? thee from all evill. Thou wilt ask me, What Word^ I anfwer, The GiOfpcl : he . ^ ^ that believeth in Chrift, fhajlbefavcd. He that believeth the fcnj, hath ' ' cverlafting life •, Verily verily I fay unto you ^ lie that believeth imae^ hath ever- tjoh.y. Ufitng life. This I write tmto you , thdl; helteving m the l^ame of the Son of God^ ye may know that ye have eternalUife. Thomat, becaufe/thtm^haft fee» me., that* believeji^ but bafpy are they that htivemt feen.^ and yet believe in the. All the C Prophets lo The Hiflory of the Reformation Lib.i A nno I^i'ophets to him bear witncflfe, That whofoever behcvcth in him,fliall have remilTion of their fins. Whatmufildothatlmafhefaved? the Apoftlc an- fwereth, Believe in the Lord J-efiis Chrifi , and thou (lialt be faved. If thou acknowledge with thy mouth thatjefus is the Lord, and believe in thine ]oh. 3. heart, That^God raifed him up from the dead , thou flialt be fafe. He that believethnotinChrift , fliall be condemned. He that believeth not the fon, fliall never fee life, bnttheire of God abideth upon him. The holy ■ Ghoft dial reprove the world of fin,^ff4«yf (faith Chrifty^^^ believe not in me. They that believe inJefusChrift,are fons of God.Yc arc all the fons ofGod, becaufe ye believe in Jefus Chrift. He that believeth in Chrift the fonof Mml' God, is fafe. Peter faid, Thou art Chrifl the fon of the living God. Jefus an- fwercd and laid unto him, Haf^j art thou^ Simon the (on of ^onas, for flejh and hlood hath not opened unto thee that , hat my father which is m heaven. Wchavc believed and known that thou art Chrift, the fon of the living God. I be- lieve that thou art Chrift the fon of the living God, which fliould come Jolly. into the world. Thefc things are written that ye might believe that Jefus "joij. 10. Chrift is the fon of God . and that inbehevingyc might have life. I be- lieve that Jefus is the fon of the living God. He that believeth God, be- lieveth the Gofpel. He that believeth God*, believeth his Word , and the Gofpel is his Word. Therefore he that believeth God , believeth his Go- fpel. As Chrift is the Saviour of the world, Chrift is our Saviour ., Chrift bought us with his Blood, Chrift waftied us with his Blood, Chrift offered bimfslf for us, Chrift bare ourf>ns upon his back. He that believeth not the Gofpel, believeth not God ^ he that believeth not Gods Word , belie- veth not himfclf-, and the Gofpel is Gods Word. Ergo, He that believeth not the Gofpel, believeth not God himfelf. And confequently , they that believe not, as is above written, and fueh other, believe not God. He that believeth the Gofpel fhall be faved ^ Goje into mil the world ^ and preach the Mark i«. Cofpel unto every creature, he that believeth and is baptized, fhall be faved 5 but he Matih. 18. thatbelievethnotiffrall be condemned. A Compart fon betwixt Faith and Incredulity » C Is the root of all good, Faith <-Bringeth them afunder. All that proceedeth from Faith , picafcth God. All that proceedeth from Incredulity, difplcafeth God. Faith onely maketh a man good and righteous. Incredulity makcth him unjuft and evill. ^The Member of Chrift, Faith onely maketh a man< The Inheritor of heaven. ^Thc Servant of Cod. Faith Lib,i. of Religion in the l^ealme of Scothnd, ii rflieweth Cod to be a fvveet Father. AhIIO I holdeth ftlffebythcwordofGbd, j i >r>irvj counteth God to be true. \^^>f^^ Faith «i knoweth God. I lovcth God and his neighbour. I onely faveth.' j ^ \_extolleth God and his works. rmaketii man a member of the dCvilL maketh him inheritour of hell. maketh him the fervant of the devill . maketh God a terrible Judge. . T J ,. . , caufcth man wander here and there, Increduhtie^ maketh him falfe and al'iar. knoweth him not. loveth ncithet God nor neighbour. onely condemheth. ,'-':,.'. i l-cxtolleth flefli and her 6#fi dce(is. ofjiope. Hope is a trifftie looking for of things that arc promifcd to come unto us, as we hope the cverlafting joy which Chiifl hath promifed unto all that belceve in him, we flaould put our hope and truft in God onely, and innootherthir^g. It is good to truft in God,and not in man. Hethattruft- p&l.nt? ethinhisown heart^heisafool- ItisfoodtotrufiinGsd^ and not in Princes : irhey f})dtl he like unto J?Hages that mdke them, and all that truft in them : Jii that trufieth in his earn thoughts doth ungodly : Curfcd ke he that trufteth in mM -• Bid the rich men of this ivorld that they trufl not in their ttnftable riches , hut that thtj truft in the liv:ng God : It is hard for them that truft in mtnej to enter ifito the kingdom of God. Moreover, we {hould truft in him furcly, that can help us, yea we ftiould truft in him onely. Well is him that trafteth in God, i. Tiin,«j and wo to them that truft him not. Well is the man that trufteth in God^ \ for God fliall be his truft : He that trufteth in him fhall underftand the truth. i They (haS allrejojce that truft in thee^they fttaS aUs'Oer heglad^andihou witt'defeni them. of Charitili. . CHaritie is the love of thy neighbour : The rule of Charity is,To do as j-j^^^jj j, ^ thou wouldcft were done untoihee •, for Charitic cfteemcth all alike, dafttod of w^ the rich and the poor, the friend andiHe foe, the thankfuU and unthankful!, """t^^^^,^ the kinfman and ftranger. ml»X'of C'd fur ihe . Ufcomparifonhetwlxt Faith, Hopf^mdCharitie. SI*/. g2* • FAith Cometh ofthe word of God: Hope, cometh of Faith-, And Gha- vetrekowuitk rity fpringeth of them both; Faith beleevcs the word t, Hope trufteth »»"'<> i**t after that which is promifed by the word • and Charity doth good unto her ' '"^ neighbour,through the love that ftie hath to God,and gladnefte that is with- in her fc'f. Faith looketh to God and his word : Hope looketh unto his gift and reward J Charity looketh unto her neighbours profit j Faith ircceivctl^ ' " ■ C 3 Codo 1 1 I'he Hijl&ry of the %e formation Lib. i. Anno ^^"^ ■ ^^P"^ receiveth his reward : Charity looketh unto her neighbour with ^^ , a glad heart, and tliat without any refpe^ of reward. Faith pertainech to ^*'*^' '*'^ God onely •, Hope ro his reward •, and Charity to her neighbour. of good Works. C«lat. J. n^T o manner oFworks make us righteous : We Selieeve that a mih (liall be ■L^ juftified without works. No man is juftified by the deeds of the law, but by the Faith qf Jefus Chrift -, and we belecvc in Jefus Ctirift.that we may be juftified by the Faith of C,hrift,and not by the deeds of the Law. If righteoufnclfe come by the Law, then, Chrift died in vain : That no man is juftified by the Law, itism;mifeft, for a righteous man liveth by his Faith-, but the Law is not of Faith. Moreover, finee Chrift the maker of heaven and earth , and all that therein is , behoved to die for us : V\'e arc compelled to grant , that we were fo far drowned in fins , that neither the deeds^ nor all the creatures that ever God made or might njake , might help us out of them ; Ergo^ No deeds hor works can make us lighteous : No works make us unrighteous J for ifany work made us unrighteous, then the contrary works would make us righteous. But it is proved that np works can make us righteous j £rgo, No works make us unrighteous. Worh make m neither good vor evil. IT Is proved that works neither make us righteous nor unrighteous, Ergej N6 works neither make us good norevil 5 for righteous and good are one thing, and unrighteous and evil, another. Good works make not a good man, norevil works an evil man. But a good man maketh good works, and an evil liaan evil works •, good fruit maketh not the tree good , nor evil Fruit the tree evil. But a good tree beareth good fruit, and an evil tree evil fruit. A good man cannot do evil works , nor an evil man good works, for an evil tree cannot bear good fruiti nor a good tree evil fruit. A good man is good before ht do good works , and an evil man is evil before he do evil works •, for the tree is good before it bear good fruit, and evil before it bear evil fruit* lEvery man is either good or evil ^ cither make the tree good, and thefruit good alfp ^ or elfe make the tree evil ^ and the fruit like- wife evil, tverymans work is cither good or evil-, for all fruit is either good or evil. Either make the tree good and the fruit alfo , oirclfe make Hinh 'ti. the tree evil, and the fruit of it likewifc evil. A good man is kno^n by his Ma«h.7. works, for a good ma.n doth good works, and an evil, evil works; Ycfhall know them by their fruits: for agoodtreebringeth forth good fruit, and an evil tree evil fruit. A man is likened to the tree , and his works to the fruit of. the tree. Beware of falfe Prophets which come unto pit in (heets clon- thng , but inwardly thty are ravening mlves : ye fhall know them by their frmt» None of turvtorks either [Ave in nor condemneus» T T is proved tliat no works make us either righteous or unrighteous, good * or evil : but firft wc arc good , before that we do good works and evil. before Lib. I . ofB^igwn in the %ealme of Scotland. 1 3 before we do evil works. Ergo, No Vi^ork cither faveth l|s nor condcmneth AnnO us. Thou wilt fay. Then makisth it no matter what vve doc" I anfwcr .^>-^r thee; Yes. For if tho.udoevil, it is a fure argument that thou art evil, NotC^ and wanted Faith : If thou do good , it is an argument that thou art ^ood, and haft Faith ^ for a good tree bearcth good fruit,and an evil tree eviffruir. Yet good fruit mokcth not the tree good, nor evil fruit the tree evil : So chat man is good before he do good Works,and evil before he do evil works. The man is the tree-,the works are the fruit. Faith maketh the good tree -, Incre- dulity the evil tree : Such a tree fuch a fruit, fuch man works. For all that is done in Faith plcafeth God , and are good works : And all that is done without Faith difpleafcth God, and are cVil works. Whofoever thinketli to be faved by his works, denieth that Chrift is our Saviour, and that Chrifl ^"''' died for him •, and finally all things that belongeth.to Chrift. For how is he thy Saviour, if thou mightft favethy felf with thy ^orks :' Or to what end {hould he have died for thee, if any works of thine might havefaved- thee < What, is this to fiiy Chrift died for thee < Is it not tha^ thou ftiduldft have died perpetually , and that Chrift to deliver thee from death died for thee,and changed thy perpetuall death into his own death c" forthoii rriadeft the fault, and he fufftred the pain , and that for the love he had to thee, be- fore ever thou waft born,tvhen thou hadft done neither good nor evil. Now fince he hath paid thy debt, thou dieft not, n6 tHou canft not, but ftiouldcft have been danined,if his death were not. But fincc he was punifhed for thee thou (halt not be puniflied. Finally,hc hath delivered thee frdm condemna- ^°'®- tion,and defirech nothing of thee,but that thou fhouldeft acknowledge wh it ' he hath done for thee , and bear it \n minde ; and that thou wouldeft help * others for his fake both in word and deed, even as he hath helped thee , fot tiought,and without reward. Q how ready would we be to help others , if ■we knew his goodneffe and gentlcncfle towards us ^ he is a good and a gentle Lord, and he (ioth all things fornought. Let us, I befeech you, fcfllow his footftepSj whom all the world ought to praife arid worfhip. Amen. tltth,ttthinkethtobefdvedhjhfiW»rks,caUethhintfelfeChrijt. FOr he calleth himfelfe a Saviout , which appicrtaineth to Chrift onely. What is a Saviour^ But he that favcth. And thou fayeft, I favc my felfc V/hich is as much to fay, as, I am Chrift ; for Chrift is onely the Saviour of' the world. We fliould do.no good works to the interit to get the inheritance- • of heaven or remididn of fins through thcm.Forwhofbever beleeveth to ^et the inheritance of heaven, of rcmiffion of fins through works, he beleevcth not to get that forChrifts fake. And they who beleeve that their fins arc not forgiven them ^ and that they fhall not be faved for Chrifts fake , they bc- Iccvc not the Gofpel ; for the Gofpel faith. Thou flialt be faved for Chrifts fake •, Sins arc forgiven you for Chrifts fake. . He that beleevcth riot the Cofpel , beleevcth not God : And cdnfequently , they that beleevfi to be iavedby their works, drtogetremiflionof finsby their own deeds, be- leeve not God , but account him aliar,; and fo utterly deny him to be God. Thou wilt fay,Shall we then db no good works i I fay not fo : But I fay, we Ciujtre. ftiould do no good works , to the intent to get the kingdom of heaven , of ^fff/r ' rsmilTion of fins •, for if we belccve to get the inheritance £>f hcavci* * C 3 through 14 T^^e Hijlorie of the Reformation Lib . i Anno tlirough good works , then we beleeve not to get it through the piomife of God/Orif we think to get rcmiflfion of our fins, by gooJ works,we believe •'-^^^"^^'''*'**^ not that they are forgiven us by Chrift,and fo we count God a liar-,tor God faith, Thou {halt have the inheritance of heaven for my Sons iHike. You I. Note. ^^y^ jj. jj j^Qj. ^Q^ ^Q^^ J ^^jji gjjjj^ ij through mine own works. So I condemn not good works , but I condemn the falic truft in any works , for all then works that a man puttcth confidence in, are therewith intoxicate or impoy- ibned, and become evil. , Wherefore do good works, but beware thou do them not to get any good through them , for if thou do , thou receivcft the good, not as the gift of God, but as debt unto thee, and makefi: thy fclf fel- low with God,becaufe thou wilt take nothing from him for nought. What^ needeth he any thing of thine,who giveth all things, and is not tne poorer 1 Therefore do nothing to him, but take of him, for he is a gentle Lord, and ' ^ivith a gladder heart will give us all things that we need , then we take it of )iim. So that if we want any thing,lct us blame our felves. Prefie not then to the inheritance of heaven, through prefumption of thy good works •, for ^oi^f^ if thou doeft, thou counteft thy felf holy and equall unco him, bccaufe thou wilt take nothing of him for nought •, And fo (halt thou fall as Lucifer fell from heaven for his pride. Thus ends ^..Patricks Articles. And fo we return to our Hiftory. When thofe cruell wolves had (as they fuppofed) c'ean de- voured the prey,they found themfclves in worfe cafe then they were before; for then within S.Andrews, yea,almoft within the whole Realm fwho heard Here you fee of that fad) there was none found who began not ro inquire, wherefore M. verified, cinii Patnke Hamilton was burnt, and When his Articles were rehcarfed, Queftion v.kIctT'^"^'^ was holden, if fuch Articles were neceffary to be beleeved,under the pain of damnation. And fo within fhort fpace, many began to call in doubt , that which before they held for a certain verity, infomuch that the Univerfity of S.Andrews z.r\6.S. Leonards CoW^d^'S:)^ principally by the labours of Maftec lA,C/c»yntsif Garvin Logj^ the Novifes of the Abbey ,and by the fub-Prior,began to fmell fomewhat of the verity,and to efpic the vanity of the received Superftition ; yea , within few yeers after began both black and gray Frrers publikely to Munks Preach Preach againft the pride and idle life of Bifhops , and againft the abufes of Bifliops devices j^g whole Ecclefi'fticall eiftate • amongft whom was one called Will.Arithe, who in a Sermon preached \n DHndiefyakc fomewhat more liberally againft the licentious life of the Bifliops, then they could well bear. He fpake fur- ther againft the abufe of carfing and of Miracles. The Bilhop oiBrethain^ having his Parafites and J.ick-men in the Towne , buffeted the Frier , and called him Hereticke. The Frier impatient of the injury received , pafi to M. lOnMnt, S. K^ndrews , and did communicate the heads of his Sermon with Maftec vtulknJ^I ^ohnMair, who fe word then was holden as an Oracle, in matters of Reli- eve, &c. He gion -, and being affured of him, that fuch Dodtrine might well be defend- >vrote iipoa ed, and that he would defend it, for it contained no Hercfie, There Was one cdirts *c? ^'^y appointed to the faid Frier,to make repetition of the fame Sermon : and advertifcment was given to all fuch as was offended at the former, to be pre- fent.. And fo in the Parifh Church of $, Andrews upon the day apjpointed, appeared the laid Frier , and had amonoft his Auditors, M.^ohn Mdir, M. Cforie Lockart, the Abbot of CAmbuitceneth, M. Patricke Hefburn Prior of Saint Andrem, with all the Po(a;ouis, and Mafters of the Univerfities. The Lib.i. cj'B^igion in the%ealmeof Scotland. rj L- — 'urown,that I and others whom ye have abufed, may be revenged uponydii, Theii Bifhop Gmin Dnmbar, named the old Bilhop of Akrdein, thiriking to jiiftifie hiha- fcif Lib. I. of%eligion in the %ealmeof Scotland . xj feU before the people, faid , Carle, thou fliak not know my wife. The Anpr) faid Alexander anfwered, My Lord,ye are too old , but wfth the grace of ^-^^^^ . God I (hall drink with your daughter or I depart •, and thereat was fmiling '*-<^^'^^ of the bcft , and loud laughter of fome , for the Biiliop had a daughter married with ytndrerv Balfour in that Town. Then the Billiop bade away with the carle. But he anfwered, Nay, I will not depart this hour, for 1 have more to fpeak againff the vices of Priefts , than I can expreffe this whole day. And {o after divers purpofes, they commanded him to burn his Bill. And he demanding the caufe, they faid, Becaufe ye have fpoken thefe Articles whereof ye are accufed. His anfwer was, The great devill beare them away that firft and laft faid them •, and fo he took the Bilb,and chawing it,he fpat it in Mafter Andrew Olyphants face,faying',Now burn it or drown it,whether ye wil,ye hear no more of me. But I muft have fome- what of every one of you, to begin my pack againe , which a Prieft and my wife, a Priefts whore,have fpent. And fo every Prelat and rich Prieff, glad to be quit of his evill, gave him fomewhat. and fo departed he , for he underftood nothing of Religion. But fofearfull it was then to fpeak any thing againft Priefts , that the leaft word fpoken againft them ,«yea^ albeit it was Ipoken in a mans fleep, was judged Herefie, and that was pra- difed upon R chard Carmichell^ yet living in Fyfe^ who being young , and Singer in the Chappel Royal otsterelin^ happened in his fleep to fay,The devill toke away the Priefts, for they are a greedy pack. He therefore ac- cafed by Sir George Clapperton, Dean of the faid Chappel, was compelled forthwith to burne his Bill. But God ftiortly after raifed up againft them ftronger Champions : For Alexander Seton^ a black Frier, of good learn- AUxiniers'tiiii, ing and eftimation, began to blame the corrupt doftrine of Papiftry . For » btack Fnei. the fpace of a whole Lent, he taught the Commandment one]y,ever beat- ing in the ears of his auditors. That the Law of God had of many yeers not been truely taught : for mens Tradition had obfcured the purity of it. Thefe were hisaccuftomed Propofitions •, i. Chrift Jefus is the end and pcrfedtion of the Law.2 .There is no fin,where Gods Law is not violated. 3. To fatisfic for fins, lies not in mans power ^ but the remifTion thereof cometh by unfained Repentance,and by faith apprehending God the Fa- ther mercifuU in Jefus Chrift his Son. While oftentimes he puts his audi- tors in mindc of this and the like Heads • he makcth no mention of Pur- gatory, Pardons, Pilgrimage, prayer to Saints, nor of fuch trifles. The dumb Dodors , and the reff of that forfworne rabble began to fufped: him,and yet faid they nothing publikely,till Lent was ended. And he paf- fcd to Dundte .- And then one in his ab{ence,hired to that purpofe,opcnly condemned the whole Doflrine that before he had taught. Which com- ing to the ears of the faid Frier Alexander^ then being in bundle, without delay he returned to Saint Andrewes, caufed immediately to toll the Bell, ^ . and to give fignification that he would preach,as that he did indeed,in the which Sermon he affirmeth(and that more plainly than at any other time) whatfoeveirin all his whole Sermons he had taught before, the whale Lent paft ^ adding , That within 5m//i/7i!/thcre were no true Bifhops, if that Bifhops fhould be known by fuch notes and vertues as S.P4rt/ requires in Bift^ops. This delation flcvv with wings to the Bifhops earSjWho with- iS ne Htfiorie of the Reformation Lib.i il p ., j-j out further delay fent for the faid Friar Alexander , who began fliarply to j^,^^^ ac c Life that Jie had fo flanderoufly fpoken of the dignitieof Bifliops,asto fay,That it behoved a BiOiop to be a Preacher, or elfc he were but a dumb doii, and fed not the flock, but fed his own belhe. The man being wittV; and minding that which was his mofl: aiTured defence, faid. My Lord, The reporters of fuch things are manifeft hars. Whereat the Bifliopre- joyced, and faid. Your anfwer pleaieth me well •, I never could think of you that ye would be fo foolifli as to affirm fuch things : Where are the knaves that have brought me this tale ^ Who comparing and affirming the fame that they did before, he ftill replyed, That they were liers. But while the witneffes were multiplied, and men were brought to attention, he turned him to the Bifliop, and faid, My Lord, ye may hear and confi- 2Y^^^ der,what ears thefe Affes have,who cannot difcern betwixt Paul, E fay, 2a- charj^ and MaLtcby, and Frier Alexander Seton. In very deed. My Lord , I faid,That Paal faith,It behoveth a Bifhop to be a Teacher v^/^y {aid,Thac they that fed not the flock are dumb dogs -, and Zachary (hith .^ They are idle Pafl:ors : I of mine own head affirmed nothing , but declared what the ^irit of God before pronounced : At whom, my Lord, if ye be not offended, juftly ye cannot be offended at mc. And fo yet again, my Lord, I liiy , That they are manifefl liars that reported unto you that I faid,That ye and others that preach not, are no Bifliops , but belly-gods. Albeit after that the Bifliop was highly offended, as well at the fcoffe and bitter mock , as at the bold liberty of that learned man, yet durff he not hazard for that prefent, to execute his malice conceived. For nought only fcareth he the learning, aridboldfpiritof theman , butalfothe favour that he ^•ames the had , as well of the people , as of the Prince, King J-ames the fifth, with fifth. whom he had good credite, for he v^^as at that time his ConfefTor , and ^ had exhorted him to the fear of God , to the meditation of Gods Law, ^'''''^' and unto purity of life. But the faid Bifliop, with his complices, fore- feeing what danger might come to their eftate , if fuch familiarity fliould continue betwixt the Prince and a man fo learned, andfo repugning to their affedlions, laboureth by all meai'.sto'makethe faid Vnt^: Alexander . odious unto the King, and eafily found the means by the gray Friers(who by their hypocrifie deceived many) to traduce the innocent as an Here- tick. This accufation was eafily believed of the young Prince; who being much given to the luffs of the flefli, abhorred all counfell that re- pugned thereto. And becaufe he did remember what a tcrrour the ad- monitions of the faid Alexander was unto his blinded confcience , with- out refifliance he fubfcribed to their accufation, affirming that he knew more then they did in that matter. For he underftood well enough that he fmelled of the new Dodrine, by fuch things as he had fliewed to him under Confeffion. And therefore he promifed that he fliould follow the counfell of the Bifliops in punifliing of him, and of all others of that Sed. Thefe things underftood by the faid Alexander, as well by the inforrnation of his friends and familiars, as by the ftrange countenance of the Kinguntohim •, provideth the next way to avoid the fury of a mifled Prince, andfo in his habit he dcparteth the Realme ^ and coming to Berwic^e , wrote back again to the King his Complaint and Admo- nition ; L ib.i. af%eligion in the %ealme of Scotland . ip nidon -, The very Tenour and Copy whereof followcth , ,ind is Ar\r\(\ this. MOft gracious Soveraigne Lord, under the Lord and King of all, of ^ft,„„vOij other crime, but becaufe he had a nfew Tcftament in EngHfh. Farther ot Note, that Hiftory we have not,except that he died conftantly,and with great pa- tience at S. Androvs. After whofe death the flvtme of Perfecution ceafed, till the death oiM..l^ormAn Gttrlaw, the fpace of ten yeeres, or thereabout, Ff"" 'o y«"! not that the bloody hearts ceafed by all means to fupprelfe the lyght of ^^^f^^h?*^''"" God , and to trouble fuch as in any fort were fufpefted to abhorre their corruption •, but becaufe the Realme in thefe times was troubled with in- teftine and cruell warre ~, in the which much blood was flied •, firft at Mel- rolfe, betwixt the Dorvglas and Balclcnchj in the yeere ol- God 1526. the 24. day of July : Next at L-^nlphcorv , betwixt the tiamiltous and the Earle of Lenox ^ whowasfiftersfontotheEarleofo^'rr^;?, where the faid Earle with many others loft his lifeithe thirteenth day of September,in the fame yeere : And laft,betwixt the King himfelf and the forefaid BowgLts ^whova. he banifhed the Realme , and held him in exile during his whole dayes. By reafon of thefe, we fay, and of other troubles , the Bifhops and their bloody bands could not finde the time fo favourable unto them as they required, to execute their Tyrannie. In this middle time, fo did the wifedome of God provide, that Henry 153 4. the eight , King of England , did abolifh from his Realme the name and 1538. authority of the Pope ofRome^ commanded the Bible to be read in En^lijl),*^^^ «v'i "<«. fupprefifed the Abbeys and other places of Idolatry , with their l3ols, ^^ft t^oOodr* which gave great hope to divers Rcalmes , that fome godly Reformation flock f j» ._,_ /hould thereof have cnfued : And therefore from this our Countreydid "'^•'^• divers learned men, and others th:lt lived in feare of Perfecution , repaire to that Realme, where albeit they found not fuch purity as thcywifhed ( and therefore divers of them fought other countreys )yet they efcaped the tyrannie of mercileffe men , and were referved to better times , that they might frudtifie within his Church in divers places and parts, and in divers vocations. Alexander SetonneYtmsiinedinEngUrid^ andpublikely ( with great praife and comfort of many) taught the Gofpel in allfincc- rity certain yeers. And albeit the craftinefle of Gardner Bifliop of fF/;?- chefier and of others, circumvented the faid Alexander^ fo that they caufed him at PauIs Croffe , to affirme certaine things that repugned to his for- mer Dodlrine : yet it is no doubt but that God potently had affifted him in all his life, and that alfo in his death (which fliortly after followed) he Note. found the mercy of his God , wl"vereupon he ever exhorted all men to de- pend, i^lexandcr AUftus^ Mafter ^ohn F)fe^ and that famous man Do- dlor Machabeui departed unto Dutchland,where by Gods providence they were diftributed to feverall places. Makdoivell for his fingular prudence, Macdowe!. befides his Learning and Godlineffe.was cleded borrow-Maffer iii one of their fteads. ^/, ^lachibfius, king ofDen?»arl\ Caivpmanhotven :;nd famous men of divers nations can te- ftifie. This did God provide for his fcrvants, and did fruftratc the expe- N«e. D 3 (Station - ^ 2,?, The Hijlory of the Reformation JLib. i A Nation of thefe bloody beafts, who by the death of one ( he meanes M. /VnnO p^fyjck Hamilton) in whom the lyght of God did clearly (liine, intended ^^-^"^^^^^ to have fiippreflcd Chrids Trueth for ever within this Realme , but the contrary had God decreed; for his death was the caufe (asisfaid) that many did awake from the deadly fleep of ignorance •, and To did Jefus Chrift the onely true Lyght (hinc unto many , for the way taken of one; And "albeit that thefe notable m.en did never after {M.^ofm Fyfe onely ex- cepted ) comfort their cou.ntrey with their bodily prefence, yet made he them fruftifie in his Church,and raifed them up Lyghts out of darkneiTe, to the praife of his own mercy,nnd to the juft condemnation of them that then ruled -, To wit, of the King, Counfcll, and Nobility , yea, of .the whole people, who fuffered fuch notable perfonages without crimes, counted to be unjuftly perfccuted, and fo exiled •, others were after even fo dealt withall, hut of them we fhall fpeak in their own place. , No fooncr gate the Bifhops opportunity C which ahvayes they fought ) but fo foon renewed they the battell againft Jefus Chrift. For the afdre- 1534. £iid leprous Bifliop in the yeere of God 1534. caufed to be fummoned this yecrcwai ^jj. lyjiHam Kyri'^ Adim DAjis^ b'enry Kernes^ ^ohn Stewart of Leyth^ with J-g'Jnftthe Re- divers others , fuch as Maftcr William Jehnpn Advocate , Mafter Henry fonnation, the Htnderfon , Schoole-mafter of Edenhurgh , of whom fome compeered ini Pope haying j^^ Abbey Kvrk of Hdnttd-hmfe , and fo abjured , and publikely burnt lent CO i f o/MBrf , . ^.., y •' , . -^ J-', J u r M 1 -rk ■ Lfgat the thcir Bills : Others compeered ilot, and theretorc was exiled. But in yeere before, judgement wcrc produced two, to wit, David Straton^ a Gentleman , and Hereficf"'* ^'"' Mafter Norman Gorvrlay^ a man of reafonable erudition, of whom we may Ihorcly fpeak. In Mafter iV(jrw4» appeared knowledge, albeit joyned with wcaknefTc •, But in David Straton could onely be cfpicd for the firftj ' a hatred againft the pride and avaritioufneffc of Priefts, for the caufe of his delation was , he had made to himfelfe one pifli-boat to go to the lea •, The Biftiop of CMurray, then being Prior of Saint Andrews:^ and his agents, urged him for the tythe thereof 5 His anfvver was -, If they would tiete* have tythe of that which his lervants wan in the Ica^it were but rcafon that they (hould come and receive it where they got the ftocke,and fo as it was conftantly affirmed , he caufed his fervants to caft the tenth fiHi in the fci again: Procefte of curfing was laid againft him for not paying fuch tythes, which when he contemned, he was fummoned to anfwer for Herefte. It troubled him vehemently, and therefore he began to frequent the compa- ny of fuch as were godly •, for before he had been a man very ftubborne, and one that defpifed allreading (chiefly of thofe things that were godly) but miraculoufly,as it were,heappeareth to be changed, for he delighteth in nothing but in hearing of reading(for himfelfe could not reade)and was a vehement exhorter of all men to concord and quictnefle , and the con- tempt of the world. He frequented much the company of the Laird of Dim Areskin,-yNhom God in thofe daies had marvclloufly illuminatcd:uport a day as the Laird of i4jvr/y?(?;> that yet liveth , then being a young man, was reading unto him in the New Teftament , in a certain quiet place in the fields , as God had appointed , he chanced to read thefe Sentences of our Mafter Jefus Chrift •, He that denieti) me before men, or is afhamed of me in the midjl ofthk wicked gentratien , Imlldtny him in thefrtfmce eftny tMher^^ And Lib. J. o/Reiigtcn in the T^ealme of Scotland. 23 and before his Jn?;ds. At which words , he fuddenly being as one revi- A nriO ved , caft hiinfelfe upon his knees , and extending both hand and viBge j^__^ conftantly to the heaven.a reafonabk time, at length he biirfl: forth in T^ thefe words-, 0 Lord, I have been rvickcd ^ and jtijllymayefl thou withdraw thy ^race fromme : but Lord ^ forthj mercies fake , let me never deny thee ^ ner thy Trueth, f»r fear of death or corporall patne. The iiTue declared that ► his prayer was not vain ; for when he with the aforcfaid Maftcr AV- nt.in, was produced in judgement in the Abbey oi Halyrud-fJotife ^ the Kinghimfelfe (alidad in red ) being prefcnt , great labour was made, i Gintlemen that'^'the faid Dav:d Straton fliould have recanted , and burnt his Bill : crvXb'urm But he ever {landing at his defence, alleadging tl:at he had not offend- ed, in the end was adjudged to the'fire, and then when he perceived the danger , asked^race at the King ( which he would willingly have granted unto him ) the Bifliops proudly anfwered , That the Kings See how the hands were bound in that cafe, and that he had no grace to give , to i^niioos did in- fuch as by their Law were condemned. And lo was he with the fliid tiie"g')o7d"irpo. Mafter Norman , after dinner , upon the feven and twentieth day of Au- fitionof ths guft, in theyeereof out Lord 1534. "^foi'cfaid , led to a place befides fg"f;^')"^j'"* the roode of greene fide : and there they two were both hanged and burnt, i ^ ^f according to the mercy of the Papifticall Church. To that fame diet were funimoned as before we have faid,others of whom fome efcaped in- -to England, and fo for that prefent efcaped the death . This their tyranny, notwithffanding, the knowledge of God did wonderfully increafe within this Realme, partly by reading, partly by brotherly conference which in thofe dangerous dayes was ufed to the comfort of many • but chiefly by Merchants and Mariners, who frequenting other countreys, heard the true Doftrine affirmed , and the vanity of the Papifticall Religion openly re- buked : Amongft whom were thofe of Dondie arid i/>fAprincipals,3gainft whom was made a very ftrait inquifirion , by David Beton, cruell C^irdi- iialL And divers were compelled to abjure and burne their Bills , fome Burningof the in Saint Andrews, and fome at Edinburgh. About the fame time, Captaine Bill was afignc ^•ehn Borthwick Provoft of Lithmv , was-burnt in figure , but by Gods "^ f^*"^^""""- providence efcaped their furie. And this was^ne for a fpedacle , and j ,|iyvvr?relthis triumph to Mary of Lorraine j lately arrived from^rance , as wife to ^ames dune, 1540. the fifth King of Scots : what plagues flie brought with her,and how they ^^''^^Benhvui^ yet continue, fuch as are not blinde may manifeftly fee. The rage of thefe ilj"l°om'^ bloody beafls proceeded fo farrc ,^ that the Kings Court it felfe efcaped whence H£«7 not that danger •, for in it divers w'ere fufpeded, and fome accufed. And Gc^i^^"to the yet ever did fome lyght burft out in the midft of darkne{fe ; for the tiuieth prutcftjnt of Chrift Jefus entrcd even into the Cloiftcrs as well of Friars and i'""""*- Monks asof Channons. ^ p. God, then he of S. Andrews waSj were apprehended two of the DiocefTc immk Kitffeii. ofcUfgenf-^ The One named ^fri?»/w//^ i?«{/f//, a gray Frier, a young man, ^icx Kemcdie °^ ^ meeke nature, quicke fpirit, and good Learning •, And one Alexander /\.V»;;c<5///«4», fervants of Satan, apt for that purpolc 5 The day appointed to the cruelty approa- ched •, The two poore Saints of God were prefented before thofe bloody butchers, grievous were the crimes that were laid to their charge; Keti' nedie at the firft was faint, and gladly would have recanted ; bur while the place of repentance was denied unto him, the fpirit of God, which is the fpirit of all comfort , began to work in him •, yea , the inward comfort began toburft forth , as well in vifage , as in tongue and word , for his countenance began to be cheerfuli,and with a joyful! voice upon his knees v^nniSt his he faid ; O eternall Cod , how wonderful! is that love and mercy that thou beare(i thanks to God. ^^^^ rnankinde^and unto me the mofl caitife and miferable wretch above all others^ For, even now^ when I would have denied thee ^ and thy Son , our LordJ-e[tts Chrift my onely Saviour , and fo have cafl my fclf into everlajiing damnation • Thou by thine own hand hafi pulled me from the very bottome of hell , and made me to feele that heavenly comfort , which takes from me that ungodly feare wherewith before I was o^preffed. Now I defie diath, do what ye pleafe 5 Ipraife my God ^ lamready. The godly and learned ^'^row/ww, railed upon bir H'isfpseclj to thefe godlefle Tyrants, anfwered • This is your houre^ and power ofdarkneffe^^ tlie Judges. Nowfit ye OS ^udges ^ and we (land wrongfully accu fed ^ a»d more wrongfully to be condemned ^ but the dayjhall come^ when our innocencie fhall appear e, and that ye fhall fee your own blindneffe^ to your everlajiing confufton. Co forward , and fulfill the meafure of your iniquity. While that thefe fervants of God thus behaved themfelves, a variance arilcth betwis.t the Bifliop and ttie beafts that came from the Cardinall •, For the Bifhop faid, F thinke it better to Note. fp"*'^ ^f'^f^ *^f» } ^^^» to p**f tbem te death : Whereat the idiot Dodors of- fended, faid, What will ye do my Lord? will ye condemne all that my Lord fe Cardinall and the other Bifhops and we have done ? If fo ye do^ ye (Ikw your felfe HbjIP eitemy to the church andnSy and fo we will repute you, be ye affured. At which ^^^K words, the faithleffe man afraid, adjudged the innocents to die, according ^^B- to the defire of the wicked. The meeke and gentle ^cronimm KuffeU ^^^B comforted ■ Lib.i. of%eligion in the %ealme of Scothnd. 25 comforted the other with many comfortable fentences , oft faying unro Aj-jrjQ hira, Brother, fear not , more mighty is he that is in m , than he that is in the ^^.^ world : the fain that rvc fhall fujfer is jliort, andf})all be light •, but our joy and con- ^^ folationpall nevea have end : and therefore let us contend to enter in , unto our Master and Saviour^ by the fame firait way which he hath taken before its : Death cannot deft roy M i for it is deflroyed already hy himf(rr whs fe fake we fnfer. ■" With thcfc and the hke comfortable fentences they paffed to the place of execution, and conftantly triumphed over death and Sathan, even in the midfl; of the flaming fire. And thus did thofe cruell hearts intend nothing but raurther in all the quarters of this Realme : for fo far had they blind- ed and corrupted the inconfiderate Prince , thatvhe gave himfelf to obey the tyrannic of thofe bloodie hearts : and he made a folemne Vow, That none fliould be fpared that vv^as fufpedi of Herefie , yea, although it were his own fon. To preffeand pufli him forward in this his fury, he lacked not flatters enow ^ for many of his Minions were penfioners toPrierts: Amongft whom, olii'er Synclare^ytt remaining enemy to Gpd,was princi- pal!. And yet did not God ceafe to give that blinded Prince documents that fome fuddcn punifhment was to fall upon him, if he did not repent , and amend his life • and that his own mouth did confefle ; For after that Sir ^ames Hamilton was beheaded (jurtly or unjurtly we difpute not ) this sir lamiUi. Vifion came unto him, as to his famihars himfelf did declare) the fald Sir miitonati, ^ames appeared unto him, having in his hands a drawn fword , with the ^!jf ^^^^h^ which he rtroke from the King both the arras, faying to him thefe words, him to 'th"?.bl. Take that, till thou receive a finall payment for all thy impiety. This Vifion caufcheiad with forrowful countenance^he fliewed on the morrow, and fhortly there- to 2"^n'''chc''''* after died his two fons, both within the fpacc of 24 hours, yea, fome fay K.ng^ favour, ■ within the fpace of fix hours. In his own prefenceGVtfrff^/f//?, his great- t>' ""r^'l w^J" • eft flatterer,and greatert enemy to God that was in his Court, dropped off ^^'^^'^' his horfe, and died not faying one word that fTmie day, that in audience of many, the faid George had refufed his portion of Chrifts Kingdom, if the prayers of the Virgin Mary fliould not bring him thereto. How terri- ble a Vifion the faid Prince faw lying in LintUghtow that night that Tho- mas Scot^ Juftice Clerk, died in Edinburgh^ men of good credite can yet re- port ; For afraid at midnight, or after, he called aloud for Torches, and raifed all that lay befide him in the Pallace, and told that Thomas Scot was dead ^ for he had been at him with a company of devills and had faid un- to him thefe words ; Owotothedaythatcuerl knewtheeor thy fervice -, for ferving of thee, again/} God^ againft his fervants, andagainfl juftice , / am ad- judged to endleffe torment. How terrible voyces the faid Thomas Sect pro- nounced before his death, men of all ertates heard •, and fome that yet live can witaeffe his Voice ever was, ^nfto Deijudicio condemnatm fnm •, that is, I am condemned by Gods jufl Judgement. He was mort oppreffcd for the delation and falfe accufation oi fuch as profcflcd Chrirts Evangel, as M. Thomas Mairioribanckes, and M.Hetis Rig, then advocates , did confefie to M. Henry Balnaves. who from the faid Thomas Scot came to him as he and M.Thomas Ballendcn were fitting in Saint Giles Church,and asked him for- giveneffe of the l;iid Thomas. None of thefe terrible forewarnings could either change or alter the heart of the infortunate and mifled Prince , but E ftill i6 The Hifiory of the "^formation JLib i. Anno ftili he did proceed in his accuftomcd wayes. For io the midft of thcTc evils he caufed'to put hands on that norablc man M.Gforg-f^w^.wjw, to whom for his fingular erudition and honeft behaviour , was committed the charge to inftrudl fome of his naturall children : But by the merciful! providence of God he efcaped (albeit with great difficulty; the rage of thofc that fought his life •, and remaincs alive to this day in the yccre of God 1 5 66. to the glory ofGod, to the great honour of this nation, and to the comfort'of thofe that delight in letters and vcrtuc. That fingular Workc oi Davids Pfalms, in Latin Mccter and Poefic, bcfidcsraany others , can wimcffe the rare graces of God given to that man , which GwgcBwtoM that Prince by inftigation of the gray-Friers and of his other flatterers, Xma3^n wo"l^ ^^foge^'''^'^ h^^^ '^^^°"'^^'' ' ^^ God had not provided remedy to angry with the his fcrv;!nt by efcaping ( the keepers being aflecp he went out at the win- dSslrrc^'a"' ^^^ ' This ctuelty and petfecution , notwithftanding the monffersand Bjinft^^hcm"! hypocrites, the gray-Frici s,day by day came farther in contcmpt,for not who thcrcafcer oncly did the learned cfpie and deteft their abominable hypocrifie , hue IhJi"^ [^f aJ^o ™^" ^" whom no fuch graces or gifts were thought to have bcen,be- witii the King, gan plainly to paint the fame fotthto the people. As this Rymc which would noc be here we have infertcd for th e fame purpofc , ntadc by Alexander E arlc of G^o^eMLn G/cwdr;jftothisday i56^alivccanwitncflre, intituled, An Bpjlle dinged whpm the king from the holy Hermite ogs that nenjer flintes to harke church men that are to Chrifi unkend ^ A feet that Sat hans fclfe has fend Lurking in holes Ijke trator todus Maintainers of idolles andfalfe gedes Fantajlike fooles and frenzie flatterers To turne from the trueth the verv teachers For to declare their whole fcnt^ncc Would much cumber jour confcience To fay pur faylh it is fo ftark Tcnr cord and loofe cote and far k Te Uppn may you bring to falvation And cjuyte excludes Chrifi his fafsiOi* J dread this doctrine and it la[l shall cither gar m rvorke er fajl Therefore with fpcede ive mujl provide . And not our profit overfide J fchaip my fife within fhort while Tocurfe our Ladte in Afgyle ■%^nd there fome craftie wyj'e to worke Till that we budded have one Kyrk Since miracles made by your advice The kitterells thought they had but I'jcel The two parts to us they will bring 'Bin orderly to drejfe this thing K^ghaift I purpofe for to caufe gang By counfayll of FrearWakex Lang Which fliall make certaine demonflratiom To help us in our procurations Tour holy or dor to decor e That pra5iifehe provd once before Betwixt Kyrkcadie and Kinggorne But Lymmers made thereat Juch skorne And to his fame made fuch digrefton Since fyn he heard not the Kings confefion Though at that time he came with Jpeed<^ I pray you take good will as deedc^ And fome among your felves receave As one worth many of the leave what I obtaine you through his art Reafon wold ye had your part Jour order handles no money But for other cafudtie The Hijlorie vfthe %eformation Lib . i Anno ThcCIiurch-" mcningagc the King CO warrc snainft hi& Uncle. , K^sieefe^ meale butter andchce(e Or wlut elfe joit have that yeupleafe Send jour brethren andhdhete As ndtv not els hut valet e ^i- Thomas joar brother at command A Culrune kcthcd through many a land. After God had given un!o that rairinfdriDcd Prince fijfficient docu- ments, that his warring againft his blcfled Gofpel fliould not profpcrouf- ly fuccccd. He raifed up againft him Warres as he did of old againft di- vers Princes that would not hear his v6icc, in the which he loft himfclf, as wc ihall hereafter hearc. The occaiion of the Warrc was this , H e n r y r^f eighth , King of England, had a great de fir € to have fpoken with our King, and i» that point ira- vclled fo long , till that he gat a full promifc made to his Ambaffadour , Lord William Howard : The place of meeting was appointed Yorke , which the King of England kept with fr/ch folcmmtie and preparations , as never for • fuch a purpofe w,is feene in 'En^.hnd- before. Great brute of that journey , and feme preparation for the fame w,u made in Scotland : But in the end , by per- . fwafion of the Cardinall David Bcton , and by others of his faction , that journey ivas flayed, and the Kings promife falfified. Whereupon were fharp Letters of reproach fent unto the King, and alfo linto his counfell. King Henry fruftratc returneth loLondm^ and after his indignation declared , began to fortific with men his frontiers toward Scotland. There was fent to the borders, S\r Robert Bowes, the Earle of -r^;?^/«, and his brother, SiiGcorgt Dowglas, Upon what other trifling queftions ( as for the debetablc land and fuch) the Warre brake u^,we omit to write. The principall occafion ■was the falfifying of the promifcs before raadc.Our King perceiving that Warre would rile,asked the Prelats and Churchmen, what fupport they would make to the fuftaining of the fame : for rather would he yet fatif- fie the defire of his Uncle,then he would hazard warre where he faw no£ his force able to refift. They promifed mountains of gold (as Satan their father did to Chrift Jcfus if he Would worfliip him) for rather would they have gone to hell , then he flbould have met with King Henry , for then thought xhcy^Farcwellour Kingdom of Abbots ^Mo»ks,(^'c. Andfarewellshought ' the Cardinall,/^if credit and glory in France. In the cnd,they promifed fifty thousand crowns by yeere, to be well paid fo long as the Warre lafted : and further. That their fcrvants and other that appertained to them, and were exempted from common fervice, fliould nevcrthelefl'e (crve in time of ncceflity- Thcfc vain promifes lifted up in pride the heart of the un- happy king, and fo begins the Warrc. The Realmc was Quartered , and ip.en were laid in Jedburgh and Kelfo : All men (fools we mean) bragged of vidory, and in very deed the beginning gave us a faire tbaw : For at the firft Warden Reade which was made on Saint Bartholomewes day , in the yecrc «f our Lord,i 542. was the Warden S\tc Robert Boms, hxshtothtt- Richard Bowes Captaine of Norhume, Sir William Mameberj Knight,a Baftard. SonncofthcEarlcof/f»g-»^ , zxxd ^ames Dowgloi oi Farkhead, then Re- bels, with a great number of Bordgrcrs Souldicrs and Gentlemen taken : L ■ ■'""' ""'"^ ' '' "" ^ The Lib. I. of\B;eligion in the Healme of Scotland. TheReadc was termed Halderig. The Eirle o( Angus and Six George yAjnnQ his brother, did narr6\Vly cfcap.-. Our Papifts and PrclatS.proud of this j^^/-v>^>^j vi(51ory,cncouragcdthcKiQg,fo that there was nothing heard, bur^f///>^., .^ ctirs : TheybebutHe'ret'ickcs^ifitvelfeaihoufjndandthcjtenthoHfMd^the'fddre "'"^ ttotfigli ; France jhall enter into one fart, indvpe the other, And fofl)*!! England he Hefetickct'"-** conqtiejl within a yeere. If any man was fcene to frailcat fuchvanitic, he caufchrc- was no naote but a Traytour and an Hcrericke. And yet by thcfc meancs "°""ced the men had greater liberty then they had before, as concerning theit" °''^... confcicncc, foi: then ccafcd the perfccurioh. Tlie Warrc continued till middc September : And then was fcnt down the old Duke of Norfelke^ with fuch an Army as a hundred yecres before had not come into i'm- Lmd. They were in gathering their Forces, and fctting forward of thciir Preparations and Munitions, which were exceeding great, till middc 0(!^obcr and after. And then they Marched from Bmvick and tended to the waftjCver holding Twcid upon rhcir o wn fide,and|never camped frorti thaifRiver thcfpaceof a mile, during the whole time they continued in ScotUnd, which was ten or twelve dayes. Forces were Tent up and down to Smaliawc, Stichell^ and fuch places nccre about , but many fnap- pc!S they gat , fome Corn they buint, bcfides that which the great hoft confumed , but fmall bootie they Carried away. The King aflcmbled his Forces at Fallowe (forhcwasadvertifed that they had promifcd to come to Edinburgh ) and tooke the Muflers all at an hoiire,tvvo dayes be- ^ fore Ballom even. There were found with him eighteen thoufand able Aiihulowryas men : Upon the Borders that awaited upon the Englifh Array, were ten thoufand good rnen with the Earlc of ^«»?//V, Lords £n^/«, Snon, and Hume. Thcfc were judged men atieUh to hazard Battcll,albeit the other were efteemed fburty thoufand. While the King lay ac Fallme, abiding Fallow Renfe upon the Gunes, and upon ad vcrtifcment from the Army. The Lords be- gan to remember how the King had been long abufcd by his flatterers, and principally by the Penfioners of the Prelats. It was then concluded that they would make fbrac hew remembrance oi Lai^^der hrig^io fee if that would for a fcafon fomewhat help the ftate of their Country. But becaufc the Lords could not agree among thcmfclves upon theperforis thatdc- fcrvcd punifhmcnt(for every riian favoured his friend)the whole cfcaped, Nott^ and thcpurpofe was opened to the King,and by him to the courticrs,whb ■' till they came to £^/'«/^«r^/^ flood in no little fear: but that was fuddenly forgot,as we fliall after hcar.While time is thus pr6tra if God by his owoe hand hrd not c;.ic the daycs ot his lyfc. He leturncs ro * Edmhnrgh^ c he Nobility, Barons>GcrKlemct), and Commons, to their ha- bitations. And this was the fecond and third daycs of November. Without longer delay at the palace ofHMjrud/joufe was a new cour.cell aflemblcd , a councell we mcanc ot his abulcrs ^ wherein were accufa- AV^r, tionshyd againilthc moft part o'f the Nobiii^ie-, Seme were Hercticksi Some favourers of England; Some friends to the Dowglas: and ib could there be none Ijithiull to the King in their opinion. The Cardinall and - Prclats caft fagotts in the fire with all their force , and finding the King wholly addicted to their devotion , delivered unto himafchroll, con- taining the names of fuch as ihey in tl eir inquifition had convid for Hc- rcticks. For this was the order of JuOicc which thefe holy Fathers f^ kept in condemning of innocent men ; Whofoever would accufe any of Heicficj he was hcardj no refpcvet to die Finally> conclufionwas taken that the Weft borders of Enj^land, which ^^''"^"p f"' was moft empty or men and Garnion , Ihoula be invaded. The Kings Pieiars, own Banner fhould be thens,oli'vcr the great Minion fliould be Gencrall- Lieutenant, but no man fhould be privie (except the counfell that was then prcfent j of the entcrprife, till the very day and execution thereof. The Bifliops gladly tooke the charge of that device. Letters were fcnt to fuch as they would charge. To meet the King at the day and place ap- ThaReide of pointed: The Cardinall with the Earlc of Jrran was dire guides were appointed to condud them towards England^ as both faithfully aind clofely they did \ upon the point of day they approached to the enemies ground , and fopaffcdthe water without any great refiflance made unto them. The forward goeth foorth, fcarc tifeSjherfhip might have been feen on every fide. The un- provided people were altogether amazed,for bright day appearing,they faw an army of ten thoufand men : Their Beacons on every fide , fend flames of fire unto the heaven : To them it v/a$ more then a wonder that fuch a multitude could have been alTembled and conveyed, no know- ledge thereof coming to any of their Wardens . For fupport they look- ed not , and fo at the firfl they utterly defpaired , and yet began they to afTemble together, ten in one company, twenty in another, and fo as the Fray proceeded their Troopes incrcaled , but to no number ( for CarUlc fearing to have been alTaultcd, fwffercd no man to ifluc out of their gates) 3 The Hiftorj of the Reformation JLib. i Siritigcme. A and fo the c^reateft number that ever appeared or approached before the A nnO jifcomfiture part not three or four hundreth men, and yet they made hot '-'"^'^'^ skirmifliing,as in their own ground, in fiich feats as they are moft expert, about ten hours : When fires were kindled, and almoft flackned on every fide, o/ziw thought time to fhew his glory, and fo incontinent wasdif- plaj'ed the Kings Banner , and he upholden by two Spears , lifi: up upon mens fhoulders there with found of Trumpet was proclaimed Gencrall Lieutenant, and all men commanded to obey him, as the Kings own Perfon, under all higheft pains. There was prekut the Lord Maxrvell, Warden,to whom the regiment of things in abfence ofthe King properly appertaineth. He heard and faw all , but thought more than he fpake : There were alfo prefent the Earls of Glencame and C^(fels^-with the LordFlemyn?;, and many other Lords , Barons, and Gentlemen of Lo- thai-ne^ Fife^ "jln^tis, and Mearnes. In this Mountain did the skirmifliing nWrw wss ^j.Q^y hotter than it was before, Ihouters were heard on every.'fide ^ fome fnScpam. Scottifli-men were ftricken down , fome not knowing the ground , were mired , and loft their horfes : Some Englifli Horfe of purpofe were let loofe, to provoke grecdie and imprudent men to prefie at them , as niany did, but found no advantage. While fuch diforder rifes more and more in the Army, every man cried aloud. My Lord Lievtenant, What will ye do -f Charge was given that all men fhould light, and go to array in or- der, for they woulcl fight : Others cried , Againft whom will ye fight if yonder men will fight none other wayes than ye fee them do , if ye will {land here while the morrow. New purpofe was taken, That the Foot- men (they had there with them certain Bands of Souldiers) fhould fafely retire towards Scotland^ and the Horfe- men fhould take their Horfe again, and fo follow in order. Great was the noyfe and c©nfuf>on that was heard, while that every man calleth his own fluggards -, the day was neer fpent, and that was the caufe of the greatefl fear. The Lord M*xrvell per- ceiving what would be the end of fuch beginnings, flood upon his feet with his friends , who being admonifhed to take his horfe , and provide for himfelf, anfwered , Nay , I will mther abide here the chance that it fhall fleafcGodtofendme ^ that} to go home , and there be hanged ; and fo he re- mained upon his foot, and was taken while the multitude fled , and tooke the greater fhame. The enemies perceiving the diforder. increafed in courage. "Before they fliouted.but then they flroke •, they fhot Spears, and daggcd Arrows where the Companies were thickefl ; fome encounters were made,but nothing availeth,the Souldiers cafl from them their Pikes and Culvcrings, and other Weapons fcnciblc •, the Horfe-men left their Spears, and fo without judgement all men fled. The Sea was filling, and fo the water made great flop •, but the fear was fuch, as happy was he that mi^ht get a taker .- Such as paffed the water, and efcapcd that danger, not well acquainted with the ground, fell into the flimy moffe , the entry thereof was pleafinc enough, but as they proceeded, all that took that way,eithcr loft their horfe, orclfethemfelves and horfe both. To be AV/f . fliort , a greater fear and difcomfiture without caufe, hath feldome beene ktn • for It IS faid , That where the men were not fufficient to take the Bands of pnfoners -, Some rantohoufes, and rendered themfelves to women : Lib. I. of%eligion in the %ealme of Scotland . 5 3 women. Stout Oliver was without ftroke taken fleeing full manfully.And A nTi.-j fo was his glory ({linking and foolifli proudnefle we fhould call ic)rudden- tw-v j ly turned to confufion and fhame. In that difcomfiture were taken the ^^^' two Earls aforefaid, the Lords Fleming, Somenvell, and Olyphant^ and ma- ny other Barons and Gentlemen, befides the great multitude of fervants. Worldly men fay,That all this come but by miforder.ind fortune,as they term it; But whofoever hath the Icafl: fpark of the knowledge of God, may as evidently fee the work of his hand in this difcomfiture , as ever was fcen in any of the Battells left to us in Regifter by the holy Ghoft : Note. For what more evident Declaration have we that God fought againft Benhadad^ King of Jram, when he was difcomfited at Samaria, than now of;Wcompa. we have, that God fought with hisown Arm agninfti'f^jf/^Winthisfor- red to Be';'>«- mer difcomfiture 1 There did two hundred and thirty perfons in the ^'';'"^'"^ ■^''' Skirmifli, with (even thoufand following them in the great Battel!, put to iicing. lo. flieht the faid Benhadad , with thirty Kings in his Company. But here there is in this fliamefull difcomfiture of Scotland^ very few more than three hundreth men, without knowledge of any Backe or Battell to fol- low, put to flight ten thoufand men, without refiftance made. There did jo" men put every man recounter his marrow , till that the two hundred and thirty '° 'S'"^"* flew fuch as matched them : But here, without (laughter , the multitude fled. There had thofc of 54W4r/4 the Prophet of God to comfort, to Jnfl:ru6t, and topromife Vitflory unto them: But England in th^t^^iw- Tuit had nothing, but as God fccretly wrought by his providence in the men that knew nothing of his working, neither yet of the caufe there- of, more then the wall that fell upon the reft of Benhadads Army knev^r what it did. And therefore yet again we fiy, That ftich as in that Cnd- den dejection beholds not the hand of God fighting againft pride, for freedome of his own little Flock injuftly perfccuted , dofh willingly and malicioufly obfcure the glory of God 5 but the end thereof is yec more no- table. Jhccertainknowledgeof the difcomfiture coming to the Kings cars (who waited upon news at Lochmahan ) he was ffricken with a fiid- otSrrsriv,a^ den fear and aftonifjiment, fo that fcarccly could he Ipeak, orbadpur- '-''"'''*''^'"«cr pofe with any man : The night conflrained him to remain v.'here he was •, wh^cfheds. and fo went to bed, but rofe without reft, or quiet fleep : His continual! fcacwa'sg^vm, complaint was, O fled Oliver ^ is Oliver taken ? O fled Oliver : And thefe ""«<*•* "^"'■9 words in his melanchoUy, and as it were carried in a Trance, repeated he ' from time to time to the very hour of death. Upon the morn, which v/as Saint KMtkrines day , returned he to Edinburgh, and fo did tin: Cardinal! from Hadtngton. But the one being aftiamed of the othcr,the brute of their communication came not to pubtike audience. The King made Invento- ry of his Treafure, of all his Jewels, and other (ubftance. And there- after afhamed to look any man in the Eice , fccretly departed to Fife , and coming to HalUairdes , was humanely received of the Lady of GrAnge, an ancient and godly Matron ( the Laird at his coming was ab- fcnt. ) In his company was onely with him William Kirkaldf ^ now Laird of Grange , and fbme other that waited upon his Chamber. The Lady at Supper , perceiving him penfive , beganne to com- fort him , and willeth him to take the Work of God in aood •c • r part. -, A The Htjlorj of the Reformation Lib. i. /\nnn P'l" •• ^'^ portion, Hiid he, of this world is flwrtjer I mil not be mth jou fifteen " daies. His iervants repairing unto him, asked where he would have pro- ■V^ii^ vifion made for Chriftmas, vvhich then approached : he anfwered with a (orcuH.his difdainFull countenance, I cannot tell, chufejoit the place - hut tha I can tell own death. ^^^ ^ Or cbr/fiw.is dty jott fpillhema/hrlcffe, andthe Realme without a King, Ikcaufe ot his difpleafure , no man durft make contradiftion unto him. So afcer that he had vifited the Caftle of Carny. pertaining to the Earle of Crawfurde, where the faid Earlcs daughter, one of his Miftreffes was , he returned to Falkland^ and took bed. i\nd albeit there appeared unto him no fignes of death, yet he conftantly affirmed, Before fuch a day, ifhitllbe dc'td^ In this mean time was the Queen upon the point of her delivery in Lynlitquow, who was delivered the 8 of December , in the yeere of God, ^'uu' ^'"'' 1 54^ yeeres, of M^ry , that then was born , and now doth raigne for a fcourge to this Realme, ;ls the progrefTe of her whole life has to this day declared. Thec^rtainty that a daughter was born unto him coming to his ears, he turned from fuch as fpake with him, and faid , The devil! ga rvith It, it will end its it began • it came from a woman, and it will end with a wo- man. From Mari, daughter to Robert Brufe, married to Walter Stuart , he feared that his daughter fhould be married to one of another Name and ' Family ^ but you fee by Gods providence, the Crown remains in one and the fame Family and Name to this day, notwithftanding the many Plots of the pretenders to the Crowne both at home and abroad. After that he fpake not many words that were fenfible, but ever harped on his old fon^, Fie, fled oli'ver, is Oliver taken, all is lofl. In this mean time , in his great extremity, comes the Cardinall(a fit comforter for a defperate man) he cries in his eare •, Take order. Sir, with your Realme , who [lull rule during the minority of your daughter : ye have knowne my fervice , What will ye have done? shall there not be four Regents chofen ? Jndjhall not I be frincipall of them ? Whatfoever the King anfwered. Documents were taken, That fo it fliould be , as my Lord Cardinall thought expedient. As many af- firme,a dead mans hand was made to fubfcribe one blank,that they might write above what it plcafed them beft •, the Cardinall having hired one Henry Balfour, a Priefl, to make a falfe Teftament ; which was done ac- cordingly, but in vain. This finifhed, the Cardinall ported to the Queen, Ma,k the l^^ely before delivered, as is faid. At the firft fight of the Cardinall, flic l^^'forth""'" 1'^^'^' ^'^^'^""'^5 ^S ^o^'^' « "ot the King dead ? What moved her fb to con- Kin^."" ^ je<5burc, divers men are of divers judgements. Many whifper that of old Ochcrs fticit ui?^"^ ^"^ '" thepot^ and that the fufpition thereof caufed him to be in- fiot.ofay, hibite the Queens company. Howfoever it was before, it is plain. That Thauhc King after the Kings death, and during the Cardinalls life , whofoever guided w'^by Tpo *" ^^'^ 5^°""',^^ S^^*^ ^'^ ^^^"^^ bufineffe fped, of that gracious Lady, either tio.i. by day or by night. Howfoever the tidings liked her , flic mended with as great expedition of that daughter, as ever flie did before of any fon flic Lev.... z. bare. The tune of her Purification was fooner than the Leviticall Law appoints : but flie was no Jew, and therefore in that flie offended not. The neylc ot the death of King ^ames divulgate, who departed this life the Hri^cmm. I ? day of December, in the yccre of God 1 542 aforelhid , the hearts of mcnbegantobedifclofed. All men lamented that the Realme was left ■without Lib.i. of Religion in the "^ai me of Scothnd. 5 ^ without a male to focceed. Yet fomc rejoyccd thatfuch an enemy to Ahno Gods Truth was taken away. He was called of Ibme, A good poore mans King: of others he was termed, A murthercr of the Nobility , and p^]^chw«- one that had decreed their whole deftruftion. Some praifed him for the a.rsofthc repreflJng of theft and oppreifion ; others difpraifed him for being much law King arifc ^iven to women. The Prelars and Clergic feared a change in the Kings fW"'"''"''"""^ minde, as hehad exprefTed himfelf fome few yeers before. And thus men fpake even as their alfedion led them, and yet none fpake altogether befidcs the truth •, for part of thefe aforefaid were fo manifefl, that as the vcrtiies could not be denied, fo could not the vices by any craft be clokcd. Yet to fpeak truth of him, his vices may juftly be attributed to the times, and his breeding, and not any wickednefTe in his nature ; for he gave many cxprcflions of a good nature, namely,in his fobriety and juftice,&c. The quedion of Government was thorow this Realrae univerfally mo- ved; The Cardinal! proclaimed the Kings laft Will , and therein were exprefTed four Protectors or Regents, of whom himfelf was the firft and principall, and with him were joyned the Earls of Huntley, K^rgyle , and Jdurh.t^ : this was done on Munday , at the Market Groue of Edinhurgh. But the Munday following took the whole Regents remiffion for their ufurpation : for by the flout and wife counfell of ihe Laird of Grange, didtheEarle of C^rr4n,x.\\tn fo necr to the Crown , caufe aflfemblc the Nobility of the Realme, and required the equity of their judgements in that his jufl fuit to the Government of this Realm, during the minority ^ of her to whom he pretended to fuccced,failing of her,and of her lawfull . fucceffion. Hisfriends convened, the Nobility airembied , the day of dccifion is appointed = thcCardinallandhis fadion oppofes them , and areagainflthe Government of one man, and efpecially of any called llammilton : Forw^tf knorvesmt ( faidthe Cardinal 1 ) that the Hammiltom charaSer ol^ 4re criiell murtherers, ^ppreffors ofinnocents^prond^ avaritions, double ^andfalfe, the HmiUm. andfinally^ thepefl/lence inthis Cm/i^on-ivealth ? Whereto the Earl anfwer- td^ Defraud me net of t»y right ^ and call me rvhat yepleafe : rvhatfoever my friends have been, yet unto this day hath no man caufe to complain upon me, nei- ther yet am I minded to flatter any of my friends in their evilc doingjsut by Gods grace fhall he a-s forward to corretl their enormities ^ as any within the Realme can reafenably require of me -, And therefore yet again , my Lords , in Gods Name^ I crave that ye dome no wrongs nor defraud me of my jufi Title, before ye have experience of my Government. At thefe words, were all that feared God, or loved honefly fo moved, that v^'ith one voyce they cryed , That Petition is moftjuft ; and unlejfeye will do againfi Gods ^uflice and Equity , it tannot he denied. And fo in defpight of the Cardinall , and his fuborncd Fadlion, was he declared Goveirnour, and with publike Proclamation fo denounced to the people. The Kings Pallace, Treafure, Jewels , Gar- ments, Horfe, and Plate was delivered unto him by the Officers that had the former charge •, and he honoured, feared, and obeyed , more heartily than ever any King was before, fb long as he abode at God. The caufe NoMt^erc^ of the great favour that was born unto him , was ^ That it Was bruted £"rietf^m«a that he favoured Gods Word •, and bccaufe it was well knowne that lie watchus fa- was one appointed to have bcea perfccuted , as the Scroll found in the vourcdbyth* f 2 Kings *'"°"^'* y The Hiftorie of the Reformation Lib . Anno M43 Kin^s pocket after his death did wirnefie. Thefe two things , together _ Avich an opinion that men had of his fimpHcity, bowed the hears of many unto him in the beginning-, who after, with dolour of hearts,were com- pelled to change their optnions : but hereof we will after fpeak. The va- riety of matters that occurred, we omit, fuch as ths order taken for keeping of the young Queen ^ of the provifion for the mother •, the cal- ling home ohhtDotiglai,mA othcr,fuch as appertiin to a Univerfal Hifto • rv of the time. Tor, as before we have faidjWC minde onely to follow the p'rogreffe of the Religion , and of the matters that cannot be fevered from the fame. The Earle of Arran thus being eftabliflied in the Govcnnment , godly men repaired unto him, exhorted him to call to raindc for what end God had exalted him to be Governour , out of what danger he had delivered him , he beins; in the bloody Scroll , as we faw before •, and what ex- pecflation all men of honefty had of him , becaufe they Hiw him a fofc man, they conceited goodneffe of him. At their inftant fuit, more than of \\\s own monon^w^i Thorns GnilliAme , a black Frier, called to be Preacher. The man was of found judgement,of reafonable letters (as for that age) and of a prompt and good utterance. His Dodfrine was whol- fome , without great vehemency againft fupcrftition. Preached alfo {omtiimc ^oJm Rough, (who after for the verity of Chrift Jefus fuflfered in England) albeit not fo learned , yet more fimple, and more vehement: againft all impiety. The Do6frine of theie two provoked againft them and againft the Governour alfo, the hatred of all fuch as more favouted darknefte than Ught -and their own intcreft, more than God. The gray Friers (and amongft the reft Frier Scot , who before had given himfelf forth for the greateft Profeflbr of Chrift Jefus within Scotland, and under that colour had difclofed , and fo endangered many.) Thefe flaves of Sathan rowpcd as they had been Ravens •, yea rather they yelled and roared as devills in hell - Herefte^ here fie, Guilliame and Rough mil carry the Governour to the devill. The Towne of Edinburgh , for the moft part, was devoured in fuperftition. Edward Hope , young William Adam[o:i , Si- hilUlyndfay^ Patrike Lyndfaj, Francis Aikman •, And in the Cannongate, ^ohn Mackaxv^ and Nivian Browne, with few others,had the burit of know - icdge in thefe dayes. One Wilfon, fervant to the Bifliop o^ Dunckell, who neither knew new Teftament nor the old, made a defpightfull railing Bal- lad, againft the Preachers, and againft the Governour^ for the which he narrowly efcaped hanging. The Cardinall moved both heaven and hell to trouble the Governour to ftay the Preaching : but yet was xh^ Bartell ftoutly fought for a feafon • for he was taken and put firft m Til • Cirdlnal Balkcyt , after in Seaton. But at length . by Bribes given to the faid ' '■• Lord Scaten, and to the old Laird of Lethington , he was reftored to Sauu K^nirewes , from whence he wrought all mifchief , as we Ihall after heare. The P a r l i a m e N t approached which was be- fore JE A STER, there began queftion of the aboliOiinR of certaine ^ Tyrannical! ACTS made before , at the Devotion of the J relates , for the mamtaining of their Kingdomc of Darkenefte. To L ib. I. of Religion in the ^eaime of Scotland. 3 7 To wit. That under paine efHerefie, no man (Iwiild reaeie any part cfthe Scrip- _/^f||-jQ tuns in the Vulgar tongut , mither yet any TraBate or Expgfttion of any place ^^^^^ . . cf Scripture : Such Arciclcs began to come in qiiefiion we fay : And men besanto enquire , If it were not lawfull to men that underflood ho Latine, to life the word of their Salvation in the Tongue they underftood , as it was for the Latine men to have it in Latine, Grecians or Hebrews to have it in their Tongues. Itwasanfwercd, Th;!t the Church, he means the Pre- lats, firft had forbidden all Tongues but the three^ viz. tlebrew, Greek, -ind Latine. But men demanded , when that Inhibition was given , and what Coi->'ifcll had ordained it ^ considering that in the do.ytfj SxidUirc^: advcrtifements pafl: fo frequently betvvixt, yea, the hands of our Lords liberally were anointed , hefides other commodities promifed , and of fome received, for divers Prifoncrs taken at 5o/«74)iw(j//^, were fent home free upon promife of their fidelity , which as it was kept , the iflue will witncfTe. But in the end fb well were all once content , ( the Cardinall, the Qiieenc, and the fadion of France ever excepted ) that folemnely^in the Abbey of Hallyrud-houfe was the Contrad of Marriage made,betwixt the perP ns aforefaid,together with all the Claufes and Conditions requi- fite for the fiithfull obfervation thereof , read in publike audience , fiib fcribed, Note wcll.» .^U ^ Lib. I. of Religion in the "B^alme of Scothnd, ap fcribed, fealed, approoved , and allowed of the Governour for his parr, Psj ther the church ( fotcrine they that harlot of S^^j^w, Rome) Thei.ncon- Thisi5thc ftant man, not thorowly grounded upon God , left ( by his owne fault ) Pr^J«= !="»' deftituteof all good counfell , and having the \yicked ever blowing in ^"^^ * his eare , VThat rvill you do ? you will defiroy your felfe and your houfe both for ever. The unhappy man ( we fay) beaten with thefe temptations, rendred himfclfe to the appetites of the wicked •, for he quietly ftoie away from the Lords that were wirh him in the Palace of Hcilyrud-hoitfe , paft to Stcrlm , fubjeded himfelfe to the Cardinall and to his Counceli, received abfolution , renounced the profeffion of'Chrift Jefus his holy TheGorer- Gofpel. and violated his Oath that before he had made, for the obferva- n"urv'-'l^cc^ had given himfelfe wholly to the Cirdinall) The Cardinall farther put the E. otiw^.vin vair..hope thit the O'-eeriDowager (hould marry him.He brought with him feme money and more he after received at the hands of Uhroi^c. But at length percei- viR" himfelfe fruftrate of all expeaation that he had, either by Frmce, or yet bv die promifeofthc Cardinall -, heconcludeth to leave frjw^und to icck the favour of En'rhnd : And fo began to draw a fusion againft the Covernour,and in hatred of the others inconftancy many favoiired him in the beginning: For there affemblcd at Chriftmisinthe Town ofyf)/r?,the 'E^x\tt^^ Ammfikncdrncfi^tllcs-^ The Lord Mdxmll,'X\\ftcr Henry toVuntHe^they r.Aln.iveis were with the Lord Gr,ij in the Cafllc of Huyitkj. The Cover- %t^^7o ^ nour fcnt and commanded the faid Earlc and Lord,with the forefaid Ma- the reaiiers ft ftcr Hcm'j to come unto him to TDur.dk, and appointed the next day,at ten ''"^ "'='^ ^'=^^' of tr.c clock before noon 5 which houi they decreed to keep, and for that "he" would'"' purpofc aflcmbled their folks at Bal^dv/e^ or thereby. The Cardinal ad- «'«'• w''" , veni'cd of their number fthey were no more than 300 men ) thought it ^'i'J;^^!,^^'" not good that they fhould joyn with the Towne ; for be feared his owne made thsnew, eftate, and fo he pcrfwadcd the Govcrnour to pafTe forth of Diwd/e be- fore nine hours,and to take the ftraight way to S.IohnJlcn : vvhich pcrcei. ved by the forefaid Lords , they began to fear that they were come to purfue them, and fo pj.it thcmfelvcs in order, and array, and marched for- ward of purpofc to have bidden the uttcrmofl. But the crafty fox fore- feeing that in fighting flood not his fccurity, ran to his lafl refuge,that is, To manifcftTrcafon, and fo confutation was taken how that the force of the others might be broken. And at the firft were fcnt the Laird of Grange^ and the P; ovoft of S. Andrervs (knowing nothing of the Treafon) 'to ask why they molcftcd my Lord Govcrnour in his journey. Whereto G a they 77 ^ q^heHtfiorjofthe%eformamn Lib.i. A r. they anfwcrcd, That they meant nothing lefle, for they came at his Gra- nnnO -^.^.s commandment , to have kept the hourc in Dtmdie appointed "■^"^^^^ by him ; which becaufe they faw prevented, and knowing the Cardi- nal! to i)c their friend, they could not but fufpca their unprovided com- int» forth ot the Towne, and therefore they pat thcmfclves in ordcr,not tolnvade, but to defend, in cafe they were invaded. This anfwcr repor- ted, was fent to the Bifhop of Saint Audrems^ the l^hoiQi Paipy,M.A' ttcxD^vtdPinter,t.\^e Lairds of Balclcuch zr\d Coldinknowes y to dc^ic cer- tain of the other company to talk with them j which they cafily obtainr edCfortheyfufpcdednotreafon. ) After long communication , it was demandedjif that the Earle and Lord, and Mafter Hemj afoycfaid,would not be content to talk with the Governour, provided that the Cardinall and his company were on the place : They anfwcred , That the Go- vernour might command them in all things lawfull. But they had no will to be in the Cardinals mercy. Fairpromifcs enow were made for their fecuricy. Then was the Cardinall and his Bind commanded to depart, as that he did,3Ccording to the purpofc taken. The Governour remained, and a certain number with him : To whom came without company, the faid Earle, Lordjand M. Henrj. After many fair words given to theoa all, to wit.That he would have them agreed with the CardiQall,and that he would have Mafter Henry Bdnaves the worker and inflruoncnt tkercof, he drew thera forwards with them towards Simt lohrjftorij whereto the Cardinall was ridden. They began to fufped (albeit it was too lace)and therefore th y defired to have returned to their folks, for putting order unto them : But it was anfwered. They fhould fend back from the town, but they muft needs go forward with my Lord Governour : and fo,part- ly by flattery, and partly by force, they were compelled to obey j and as foon as they were in the Towne, they were apprehended , and on the morrow fent all three to the Black Ne(fe, where they remained as it pleaf- cd the Cardinals gracelefTe Grace, and that was till the Band of Manred, and of fervice, fct fomc of them at liberty. And thus the Cardinal with, his craft pcrfwadcd on every fide •, fo that the Scots Proverb was true in him , So long rimes the Fox, as befutcJies, Whether it was at this journey, or at another, that that bloody butcher executed his cruelty upon the in- nocent pcrfoas in S./oA*/?^';?, we cannot affirme : neither yet therein flu- dy wctobi: curious,but rather we travel! to cxpreffc the verity , whcn- Note. foever it was done,than fcrupuloufly and exa "''ther hAth thj jujl vengeance yet firichen all tha mre crimind of thei r Lib. I . of%eligion in the "F^alme of Scotland. 54 their blood. Butthcday approachcth when that the punifhmcnt of that Annn cruelty, and of otheis, will evidently appearsi. The names of ' the men •'^^^^^ that were hanged , v/cte^^ames Hunter, Willtam Lambe, William Anderfon^ Lf ««"**«. , hat they learned to eat (yea to beg ) cakes (which at 'their entrie they fcorned ) without jefting-, they were fo miferably ufed , that few re- turned into France again with tl;^r lives. The Cardinal! then had al- moft fortified the Caftle of S. i^y^drews , which he made fo ftrong in his opinion, that he regarded neither Englandnov Frances. The Earle of Le- nox^ as is {Iiid, diHfppointed of all things in Scotland , paffed into England, where he was received ot King Hcjiry into protection , who gave him to •w\\c'L^^y Ma'-garet Dcw^las, of whom was homt Henrj , fometin-e huf- band to our Queen and Miflrefle. While the inconftant GOvernour was fome:imesdejedcd , and fometimes raifcd up againe by the Abbot oi Paiflay ( vvhoDefore w;;s called, Chafier them any maiden ) began to ihew himfelfe-, for after he had taken by craft the Caftles o'i Edinburgh and Btmbar , he took alfo poiTefHon of his enemies Vv'ifc, the Lady Stanehotife. The woman is and hath been famous, andls called, Lady dlton : her ^cte, Ladyfhip was holden alwayes in poverty. But how many wives and vir- gins he hath had fince, and that in common, the world knowcth , albeit notall , and his baftard birds bear fdme witnefTe. Such is the example of holineflfe , that the flock nriy receive of the Papifticall Bifiiops. In the midft of all the calamities that cam.e upon this Realme, after the defedtion of the Governor from Chrift JefuSjCame into Scotland that bleHed Martyr c^ CodU. GeorgeWifcharde ^ in comp.any of the CoramifTioners hdoxt Q:„.f^ir^^„^ mentioned in the yeere of our Lord 1544. a man of fuch graces, as be- fore him was never heard within this Realme, yea,and are rare to be found yet in any man , notwithftanding this great light of Cod that fince his dayes hath fliined unto us : he was not onely fingular'y learned, as well in all Godly knov/ledge,as in all honeft humane Science : but alfo he was fo'. clearcly illuminated with the fpirit of Prophefie , that he fav7 not onely things pertaining to himfelfe, but alfo fuch things as fome Towncs , and the whole Realme afterward felt, which he fbrefpake not in fecret, but in the audience of many, as in their own places (hall be declared. The be- ginning of his Dodrine was in Mount Roffe ^ therefrom he departed to Bundle, where with great admiration of all that heard hini, he taught the Epiftle to the Romanes .- till that by procurement of the Cardinal!, Robert Notes falfe Myle, then one of the principall mtn in Dundie, and a man that of old had ''™l>et. profeffed knowledge , and for the fame had fuffered trouble, ^ave in theQueencsand Governours name. Inhibition to the [zidM:x{\:tr: George, that he fliould trouble their Towne no more, for they would not fuf- fer it : And this was faid to him being in the publike place; which heard, he mufed a pretie fpace, with his eyes bent unto the heaven. And thereafter looking forrowfully to the fpeaker, ahd unto the people, he fayd , God is witnefTe that I never minded your trouble, but your com- ' fort: yea, your trouble is more dolourous unto me, then it is unto youi^ felves : But I am affured, that to refufe Gods word and to chafe from you his "^48 7 he Hiftory of the Reformation JLib i. A^nrT^is meficiicei lliaH not preferveyou from trouble ^ but it (lull bring you iiuoit: For God iL ill fend unto you meffengers who will not be afraid U/^'"W ^^'^- i.^ii-ning, nor vet for biinifiiment. I have offered unto you the word of Salvation," and w'ith the hazard of my life I have remained amongft you. Now ye your fclves refufe me, and therefore muft I leave my Innocencie to be declared by my God , if it he long frofperom with you , I am mt Ud w:ih the Sprit of rmth. But if trouble unlooked for apprehend you, ncknovvkdize the caufc, and turne to God. For he is merci^ull , but if ye tr.rne not at'the firft, he will vifit you with fire and fword. Thefe words pronounced , he came downe from the Preaching place. In the Church preicnt was the Lord Marjli.dl^ and divers noble men,who would h^ive had the faid M. George to have remained , or elfe to have gone with them into the Countrey. But for no rcqueft would he either tarry in the towne or on that fide of T^y any longer. But with poffible expedition part to the VVeft-land , where he began to offer Gods word , which was of many clndly received , till that the Billiop of GUfgow, Dumhar , by inftigatioa of the Cardinall, came with his gatherings to the Towne of Ayre to make refinance to tiic faid M. George, and did firft take the Church. The Earle of 6'/f/'/iv?/-w being thereof advertifed , repaired with his friends to the Towne with diligence, and fo did divers Gentlemen of A'y/e (amongft whom w:is the Laird of Lefnoreife, a man far different from him that now liveth,in theyecreof Qur Lord i 5 6 6. in manners and Rehgion) of whom to this day yet many live ^ and have declared themfelves alwayes zealousand boldinthecaufeof God, asafter willbe heard. When all were affcm bled, conclufion was taken that they would have the Church. Whereto the faid M. George utterly repugned , faying , Let him alone, his Sermon will not much hurt '^ Let m go to the Market Croffe : And fo they did, where he made fo notable a Sermon , that the very enemies themfelves were confounded. The Bifliop Preached to his jackmen, andtofome old Bo(fes of the Towne; The fum of all his Sermon was , They fay we jlwtHd Preach -^ Why not? Better late thrive ., then never thrive : HoldusftilL for yoKi Bifliop ; and tve pall provide better the next time. This was the be- ginning and the end of the Bifliops Sermon : Who with hafte departed the Towne. but returned not to fulfill his promife. The faid M.. George remained with the Gentlemen in Kyle , till that he gat fure knowledge o^ the eftatc of Bundie. He Preached commonly at the Church of Gaflonne, and Ufcd much in the Sarre. He v/as required to come to the Church of Machljfte , and fo he did : But the Shcriffe of Jyre cauled to man the Church, for prefervation of a Tabernacle that was there beautiful! to the eye. The perfons that held the Church was George Campbell of Men- garfcvood, that yet liveth Anno i 5 <5 6. Mutigo Campbell ofBrmtffyde, George Mid in Dandilltng the Laird of TemptlUnd. Some zealous of the Parifh,amongfi: whom was I^iigh Campbell o£ King" mleuch^ offended that they fhould be debarred their Parifli Church, con- cluded by force to enter. But the faid M. George withdrew the faid Uugh^^ and faid unto him , Brother , Chrifi ^eftts is at mighty upon the fields /ts in the church-^ And I jifide that he hmfelfe after Preached in.the Befert , atthefea fide, and ether places judged preph4ne then , he dfdiu the Temple of Jcrufalem. It Lib, I. of%eligion in the %€alme of Scotland . 49 It is the ivord of Peace that God fends hy me : The Iplood of no man fl^dl be Jhed An'nr this dity fortheVri^chi'ngofit. And fo withdrawing the whole people, .^-^,->j he came to a ditch in a More-edge, upon the South-wefi fide oi Machljne, ^"^^^ i;ponthe which he afcended : The whole multitude flood and fate about him ( God gave the day pleafant and hoc ) he continued in Preaching more then three houres: In that Sermon God wrought fo wonderfully with him, that one of the mod wicked men that was in that countreVi na- JVw^*' ' mcd Liirence Rafjcki'n, Laird of Sheid,\v^s converted. The teares ran from his eyes in fuch abundance, that all men wondered- His cohverfion was ivithout hypocrifie.for his life and converfation wicnefTed it in all times to come. While this faithfull fervant of God was thus occupied in Kyle, wdi-drofe, that the Plague of Peftilencc rofe \aDundie_j ^ which began f oure dayes ahcr that the fiiid M . George was inhibited Preaching,and was ib vehement, that it paffed almoft credibility, to hear how many departed every foure and twenty houres. The certainty undcrftood,the faid Mafter George tooke his leave oi'Kyle, and that with the regrate of many. But no tequeft could make him to remain •, His reafon was, they are now ;/; trouble, NoreM.w^/: and they need comfort : Perchance this hand of God will make thein now to ^''''''^hi^rca inagni fie and reverence that word which before {for the feareof men) they fei '°S»'nfo"l" /!f ight pice. Coming unto Bundie , the joy of the faithful! was excee- iding great. He delayed no time, but even upon the morrow gave fif^niii- catibn that he would Preach. And becaufe the mofl part were either f]ck, or elfe were in company with thofe that were fick, he choofd the head of -the Eaft port of the Tov^me for his Preaching place, andfo the whole ■flood or fat within . the fick and fufpecfled without the Port or gate. The Text upon the which his firfl Sermon was made,he took from the hundred ■andfevcnthPfalrae; The Sentence thereof , lit fenthis Word and healed them •, And therewith joyned thefe words. It is neither hcrbe nor plaifier ,0 Lord, but thy Wordhealeth all. In which Sermon he mbft comfortably did all trouble me , for he hath hurt me in nothing , but he hath dofie grea^ comfort to you and me, to wit, he hath let us to tmderjland what rve mayfeare, in times to come rve will watch better .-. And fo he appeafed both the one part and the other,and faved the life of him that fought his. When the Plague was fo ceafed that almoft there was none ficke, he tookc his leave of them,and faid , Th4t God had almcfl fut an end to that battell. He found him felfe called to anotlier place. The Gentlemen of the Weft had written unto him that he fliould meet them at Edinburgh ; for they would require Difputa- tion of the Biniops,and that he fliould be publikely heard,whcreto he wil- lingly agreed. But firft he palled to Montrose to falute the Church there, where he remained, occupied fometimes in Preaching,but moft part in fe- cret Meditation : In tlie which he was fo earneft , that night and day he would continue in it, while he was fo occupied with his God, the Cardi- nall drew a fecret draught for his flaughter ^ He caufed to write unto him Tficfccnndat- a Letter, as it had been from his moft familiar friend, the Laird ofKinnet/-, cTrdlnsii for ^cfiring him with all pofitble diligence to come unto him,for he was ftric- ihckiiiingof ken with a fudden fickneffci lil the mean time had the traitoj- provided So ?0/SrT nienwith Jacks and Spears to lie itt wait witliin a mile and halfe to the town o^Montroffe for his difpatch.The Letter coming to his hand,he made haftcatfirft ( for the boy had brought a horfe) and fo with fome honeft: men he pafted forth of the Town , but fuddenly he ftayed , and mufing a ■ Note the fpirit fpace,returned back, whereat they wondring, he faid, Irvillnotgo, lamfor- bfPiophcfie. biddenofGod^ I amaffuredthere istreafon -, Let fome-ofyou, (oiirhht^gotoyon' dcr place, and tell me what ye Jinde. Diligence made-,They found the Treafon as it was, which being (liewn with expedition to M.George , he anfwered, J know that I jha'J end my life in that blood-thirfiie mms hands , but it rvi/l not be on this manner. The time approaching that he had appointed to meet the Gentlemen at Edinburgh , he tooke his leave at Momre(fe , and fore againft the judgement of the Laird of Dune , entred on his jour- ney , and fo returned to Dundic_j. But remained not , but paffed to the houfeof a fiithfull brotW named ^dmesWatfon , who dwelt in Inner- Gomie, dift.int from the faid Towne two miles, and that night ( as infor- mation was given to ns, by Wtliiam Spadin and ^ohn Watfon , both men of good credit)before day he pafted forth into a yard,the faid Willtam & ^ohrt followed privily , and tooke heed what he did, when he had gone up and ■down in an alley a reafonable fpace, with many fobs and deep grones, he m\ upon his knees, and fitting thereon,his grones incrcafed. And from his knees he fell upon his face. And then the perfons aforenamed.heard weep- ing, and as it were, an indigeft found of prayeff , in the which he continued L ib. 1. of Religion in the %ealme of Scotland. 5 1 continued necr an hour,and after began to be qnict,and (q jJrore,and came ^w^q into his bed. They that waited upon him came beforc.as if they had bin '../-v-''^ jcrnorant, till that he came in, and then began they to demand where he l^id been : But that night he would anfwer nothing. Upon the morrow they urged him again ; and while that he diffembled, they faid, M.George, Be plain with us, for we heard your mourning , and faw you both upon your knees, and upon your face. With dejedcd vifage, he faid , I had rather ye kid been in your beds, and it had been more profitable for you ^ for I was fcarce well occupied. When they inftantly urged him to lee them knoiv fome comfort, he faid, I will tell you. That I am alTured that my travellisnceran end, and therefore call to God with me, that now I flirinke not when the battell waxes moft hot. And while that they wceped and faid , That woifmdi comfort unto them ; he anfwcrcd, G'(?i ]]ulL [end pu comfort after me. This Realtne Jhall he illumimted tvith J^'°'by M.S^f the light of Chrifis Gofpel , as clcer^ as ever anj Realme fmce the dajes Qeorge tyhif- of the Jfojlks. The Houfc of God pall he huildcd m it -^ yea^ it pall ('""te of the not lack ( rvhatfecver the enemy imagine in the contrary ) the very Kef- ^^^^^^^ Jlone, meaning. That it fhouldoncebe brought to the full perfedion. •Neither (faid he ) fliall this be long to : there fliall not many fuffer after me, till that the glory of God fliall evidently appeare , and fhall once tri- umph in defpightof Sathan. But alas , if the people (hall be after un- thankfull, then fearfull and terrible fliall the plagues be that flull follow. 'And with thefe words he marched forwards in his journey towards S. ^ohfifion, and fo to Fyfe , and then to Lejth , where he arrived ; and hear- ing no word of thofe that appointed to meet him , to wit > The Earle of C<«|J('/^,and.the Gentlemen of Kyle and Cumnghamc,ht kept himfelf fcciet a day or two. But beginning to wax forrowfull in fpirit, and being de- manded of the caufe, of fuch as were not in his company before, he faid. What differ I from a dead man, except that I eat and drinke c" To this time God hath ufed ray labours to the inftrudion of others, and unto the difclofing of darkneffe, and now I lurke as a man that were a{h:mied, and durft not lliew himfelf before men. By thefe and the like words,they that heard him underflood that his defire was to preachy and therefore faid, Norechsnfo- Moft comfortable it was unto us to hear you -, but becaufe weknow theIut'o"«f» danger wherein ye fland, we dare not defire you. But dare ye and others Pf"=''-''- hear (faid he) and then let my God provide for me as beft pleafech him. pinally,it was concluded, That the next Sunday he (liould preach inLeith^ as he did, and took the Text, The Parable of the fower that rvent forth to ferv feedy Matth.i^. Andthis was upon the fifteenth day before Chriffmas. The Sermon ended , the Gentlem.en of Lomhan , who then were earneft ProfefTors of Chriff Jefus.^thought not expedient that he fliould remain in Lcith, becaufe that the Govcrnour and Cardinall were fhortly to come to JEdinhurgh ^^and therefore they took him with them, and kept him fome- times in Brunfton, Comctimesin Langnidrie^ and fometimes in Ormeffon. For thefe three diligently waited upon him. The Sunday follow- ing , he preached in the Church of Enneresk , befidcs Mufsilhurgh , both before and at after noon , where there was a great confluence of people J amongft whom was Sir George Dovglof , who after the Sermon ' H a faid ')' The Hijiory of the %e formation Lib. i. A rtr\ (uAmhWkdyylknmvthAtmyLordGovermur. mdmy Lord Cardimll ^lall h:ar that I Live been At this f reaching {^OYihtywcctthcnat Edinburgh) Say UTV^^vJ urJto 'f ., ,.«,., them That I will a'vorv it , and will not onely maim air) the Bo 'ifrrne that I "have heard, but alfo the perfeff of the Teacher , to the uttermft of my power. Which words greatly rejoyced the people , and the Gentlemen then pre- fent. One thing notable in that Sermon we cannot pafTe by : Amongft Twogriy others.there came two gray Friers,and {landing in the entry of theChurch Ffi*"- ■ door, they made fome whifpering to fuch as came in : which perceived, the Preacher faid to the people that flood ncer them, / heartily pray you to make room to thofe two men^ it may be that they be come to learnt. And unto them he faid. Come necr (for they flood in the very entry of the door) for 1 4[j}tre yoti ye Jhall hear the Word of verity, rvhich jiull either feal in yon this fime da^ your falvation or condemnation. And ib proceeded he in Dodrine, fup- poling they would have been quiet : But when he perceived them flill to trouble the people that flood neer them (for vehement was he againil the falfe worfliipping of God) he turned unto them the fecond time, and with an irefull countenance faid , 0 Sergeants of Sathan , and deceivers of the fouls of men , Will ye neither heare Gods Truth , nor fiffcr others to heart it • Depart, and take this for your portion, Godfhall fiortly confound a,vd difclofe your hypocrifie within this Realme •, ye [ball be abominable unto men , and your places and habitations full be de folate. This Sentence he pronounced with great vehemency in the midfl of the Sermon : And turning to the peo- ple, he faid, Ton wicked men have provoked the Spirit of God to anger. And fo he returned to his matter, and proceeded to the end. The daycs tra- vell was ended, he came to Langindrie, and the two next Sundays preach- ed in Tranent, with the like grace, and like confluence of people. In all his Sermons after his departure from Augus .^ he forefpake the fliortncfTc of the time that he had to travell , and of his death , the day whereof approached necrer than any would believe. In the latter end of thofe dayes that are called the holy dayes of Chrifma,s , pafl he, by confent of the Gentlemen, to i^4^i«^^j}roa- cheth,Irvill leavepttforthe j)ref€m to jour meditation. And fo he took the Bill containing the purpor^ aforefaid, and left him ; the faid Mafter George walked up and down behinde the high Altar more than half an hourc. His weary countenance and viiage declared the grief and alteration of his jninde. At laft he pafTeth to the Pulpit^ but the Auditory was fmall, he fliould have begun to have treated of the fecond Table of the Law : but thereof in that Sermon fpake he very little. He began on this manner ; O Lord , lloiv long {1)^11 it he that thy holy WordJJiali be de [pi fed , ami men fljall '/iot regard their owne fdi'ation ? I have heard of thee^ Hadington, That in thee rvouldhAve bcen^ at any vaine Clarke Plaj , two or three thoufand people • and norv to hear the Meffenger of the Eternall God^ of afl the Torvne or Pariffj^ can- not he numhred one hundred per fans : Sore and fear full flull the plagues he, that Jhallenfue upon of this thy contempt^ tv/th fire and [word flialt thou be plagued : 7ea^ thou fiadmgton in fpeciall , ft r anger s fl: all po([e(fe thee^ and yon the prefent Vengeance s- inhabttants f])all either in bondage ferve joitr enemies^ orelfe ye fhall he chafed ^^^^^'^'l' from your own habitations •, and that hecaufcye have not knoivne, nor will not know the time of Gods mercifuU vifitation. In fuch vehemency and threat- ning continued that fervant of God, neeranhour and an half -, in the which he declared all the plagues that enfued as plainly, as after our eyes law thera performed. In the end he faid, I have forgotten my felf^ and the matter that I jliotild have treated of : BiH let thefe my laft words concerning fublike Preachmgremain inyour m-indcs ^ till that G od fend you new comfort. Thereafter he made a fhort Paraphrafe upon the fecond Table , with an Exhortation to patience, to the fear of God, and unto the v/orks of mer- cy, and fo ended, as it were making his laft Teftament, as the ifilie decla- ' red fully. The Spirit of Truth and of tTue Judgement were both in his heart and mouth : forthat fame night was he apprehended before mid- night, in the houfe of Orwir/^«,by theEarle Bothwell^ made for money Mafter ;^'i/^ butcher to the Cardinall. The manner of his taking was thus : Depart- '^^^'^^- "k.n at ing from the townc of Hadington^ he took his good-night, as it were, for "' ever, of all his acquaintance, efpecially from Herve Dowglas of Lan^in- Note. drie. lohn Knox pre/Ting to have gone with the faid Mafter George, he faid, iV- bro- ther , or upon his delivery againe to our hands , we bein^ reafonably ad' vertifed to receive him . That we , in the name and behalfe of our friends, fhall deliver to jour Lordjlnp i or any fufficient man that fdl deliver to w" Againe this fervant of God y our Band of Manred in manner requifite. And thus promife made in the prefence of God , and hands ftricken upon both the parties for obfervation of the promife , the faid Mafter Gfor^f was delivered to the hands oftheHiid Earle Bothwell • who im- mediately departing with him , came to Elphinfton , where the Cardi- nal! was. Who knowing that Caldcr lounger ^ and Brunfton., were with fohan Cocburne Laird of Ormefton , fent back with expedition to apprehend them alfo. Thenoyfe of Horfe-men being heard, thefer- vants gave advertifement , .That more then departed , or was there before, were returned. And while that they difpute what Hiould be the motive , the Cardinalls Garrifon had feized both the outer and inner Clofe. They called for the Laird, and for the Caldcr , who prefcnting them felves . demanded whac Laird their Laird were of C O M of Miss nothing I o Erounefton to content ( was. To my Lord G as they had bring o no V E caufe you R N ) two , and the o u R. They and yet they made Lib. I. of%eligion in the ^alme of Scotland. 5 % made fliire counteni'.hce , and intreated the Gentlemen tg drinke , and to \r\}\(j baitc their horfes, till that they might put thcmrdves in readincffe to ride i^rv-\j with them. In this mcane time Brounflon conveyed himfelfe firftfe- cretly, and then by fpee'd of foot to Orniifimv^ood ^ and from thence to jDiindallcM, an* fo efcaped that danger -, the other two were put into the Caftle of Edinburgh, where the One, to wit, Cdder Zoimger, remained un- till his baud of Ollaiired to the Cardinal), was the meanes of his deliver- ance : And the other, to wit, Ormiflon, freed himfelte by leaping off the wall of the Cafl:le,betv;ixt ten of the clock and eleven before noon : And fo breaking Ward, he efcaped prifon,which he unjuftly fuffered. The fer- vant of God M.'GeorgeWifcharde , was carried firft to Bdinhurgh , there- j after brought backe, for falliion fake, to the houfe of Hailles againe,which was the principal) place that then the Earle Bothwell had in Lothiane. But as gold and women have corrupted all worldly and flefhly men from the beginning, fo did they him : For the Cardinall gave gold, and that large- ly-, and the Queen, with whom the faid Earle was then in the Glunders, promifed him tavour in all his lawfuU fuites to women : if he would de- liver the faid '^X. George, tobekcptinthe Caftle of Edinburgh. He made fome refiftance at the firft , by reafbn of hispromife. But an effeminate man cannot long withftand the affaults of a gracious Queene , and fo was the fervant of God tranfported to Edinburgh , where the Cardinall then had a convention of Prelats, wherein Ibmewhat was fiid of redreffing the abufes of the Church, and reforming the lives of the Clergie, but it tooke no effed . M. Wife harde remained but few dayes in Edinburgh : For that bloodie vvoolfe the Cardinally ever thirfting after the blood of the fervant of God , fo travelled with the abufed Covernoar, that he was content thst Gods fervant fliould be delivered to the power of that Tyrannie. And Co fmall inverfion being made, Pilate obeyed the petition of Caiaphtis, and of his fellows, and adjudged Chriji to be crucified. The Cardinall feeing it was forbidden by the Canon Law toPrieftsto fit as Judges upon life and death, although the crime were Herefie, fent to the Governour, defi- ling him to name fome Lay-Judge to prne'ounce Sentence againfl M.Wjf- charde. The Governour had freely condefcended. to the Cardinalls re- qucft, without delay, if David Hamilton oi^Prefion, a godly and wife man, had not remonftrated unto him , That he could cxped: no better end then Saul, fince he perfecuted the Saints of God, for that Truth which he pro- feffed once with fuch a (hew of carneflneffe •, the profeffion thereof, being the onelycaufe of his advancement to that high degree wherein he was: The Governour moved at this Speech of David Bdmiltms , anfwered the Cardinall • That he would not meddle with the blood of that good man -, and told him, That his blood fhould be on him, for he himfelfe would be free of it. At this the Cardinall was angryj and faid- he would proceed, and that he had fent to the Governour of meere civility, without any need. And fo the fervant of God, delivered to the hand of that proud and mer^ cilefTe Tyrannic, triumph was made by the Priefts. The godly lamented; andaccufed the fooljflinefTe of the Governour : For by the retaining of the faid M.C^or^f;, he might have caufed Proteftants and Papiffs (rather proud Romanifls ) to havefervedj The one, to the end the life of iheir Preacher -5 The Hiftorjofthe'Kejormation JLib.i A I'reacher nlis^ht have been faved •, The other, for fearc that he Hiould have nnO j-_^^ I'^j^^^ ,j|. ]ii^"er[y ag;iin, to the confufion of the Bifliops. But where God is y^~^/'\J i^'f ( ^f f;c had )>Uinely renounced bim before) ivlut can coun'fell or judgement; availe? How the iervant of God was dealt \vith:ill , and what he did from the day rli^^t he entrcd within the fea Tower of S. ^fldrem, which 1 ? J.6 wa^ in the end of January, in the yeerc of God 154-6. iintothefirft of ' March the fame yeerc when he fuffered , we cannot certainly tell , except we underftand he wrote fomewhat in prifon , but that was fuppreffed by theenemies. The cW/W/ delayed no time, butcaufedall 5/y^^/;j-, yea, rll the Clergie that had any preh^minence, to be called to S.^^kd.^eivs, asainft the icven an'd twentieth day of February , that confultation might behadinthatqueftior!-, which in his raindewasno lefTe refolvcd , then Chrifts death was in the minde ofCaiaphs. But that the reft Hiould bear the like burden with him , he would that they (hould before the world fubfcribewhatfocverhe did. In that day was wrought a wonder, not unlike that which was at the acciifation and death of Jefus Chrift , when F/Iate and Ihrod ^ who before were enemicsi, were made friends , by con- Kot(. fcnting of them both to Chrifts condemnation •, differs nothing , except l\ut P/Iate and f^crod Vv'ere brethren under their father the Devi/I , in the edatc called Temporal/-^ Andthefe two of whom we arcabout to fpeake, were bifthrcn ( fons of the fame father the Devtll) in the eftate Mcclefia- Jlicall. If Vv'e interlace merrynclTe with earneft matters , pardon us good Reader, for the hCt is fo notable that it deferveth long remem.brancc. The proud The Cardiiiall wais knoyvne proud •, ' and Dumbar Archbilliop of GUf- Cird.n..ii,3nJ^(?h' was knowne a glorious foole : And yet becaufe fometimes he was fS/)X. ^''^'^^ ^'""^ ^'"S^ Mafler, he wasChancellour o? Scotland. The Cardinall cometheventhefameyeere, in'theend ofharveft before tO G/4/?(7)v, upon what purpofe we omit. But while they remaine together, the one in the Towne j the other in the Cafile -, Queftion rifeth for bearing of their A «)iic(i;nn' Crolles. The Cardinall alleadged, That by reafon of his CardinalHiip, rvroPK'lat"r'' ^'''^ '•'^''^^ ^^^ ^'^'^^ Legatm ndtut , and Prirnate within Scotland, in the kingdome of i^ntichr/(l-^ Th/<'ne fliould have the preheminence , and that his CrofTe fliould not onely go before , but that alfo it fliould , onely be borne wherefoevef he was. Good Guksione Glaksione , the afore laid t^rfMz/Ijo^, lacked no reafdns, aS he thought, for.maintc-. nance of his glory. He was an Archbifliop in his owne DiocelTe, and in his owne Cachedrall Seat and Church , and therefore ought to give place to no man. The power of the Cardinall was but begged from Rome^and appcrtaincth but to his oWn perfon,and not to his Binioprick,for it might be,that his fucceflbur fliould not be Cardinall, but his dignity was annex- ed with his office , and did appertaine to all that ever fliould be Bifllops of Cldf^OTv. Howfoever thefe doubts were refolved by the Dodors of Di- vinity of both the Pielats , yet the decifion was, as ye fliall heare • Com- ming forth (or going in,all is one)at the Queere dooveo'iGlafgoiv Churchy' beguis driving for ftate betwixt theCro{re-bcarers,f0 that from glouming they cnmc to iliouldring, and fo from fhouldring they go to buffets , and from dry blowe neffaling •, and then for charities fake, they cry, Difperfit dcditpMpenbtis, and elfay which of the CrofCes was, fincft mettalij which ftaffe Lib.i. of%eligion in the %ealmcof Scotland. 57 ftaffe was ftrongeft , and which Crofle-bearer could befl: defend his Ma- A |-it-i#-| flers prchemincncc; and that there Hiould be no fLipcriority in that behalf, to the ground go both their Croflfes. And then began no little tray , but ^^^^^i yet a merry game, for rockets were rent, tippets were torne, crowns were knapped ,«and fide gowns might have been feen wantonly to wagge from the one wall to the other : Many of them lacked beards, and that was the more pity, and therefore could not buckle other by the brifes, as bold meri would have done. But fie on the Jackmen, that did not their duty : For had the one part of them recountred the other,then h,ad all gone right-,buc the Sanduary we fuppofe faved the lives of many. How merrily fo ever this be written, it was bitter mirth to the Cardinall and his court. It was more then irregularity, vea, it might well have been judged Ufe majc/lc to the fon of perdition, the Popes own perfon •, and yet the other in his folly, as proud as a Peacocke, would let the Cardinall know , that he was a Bi- niop,when the other but Beto»,hchre he gat the Abbey of y^^^r^r^r^.This enmity was judged mortall, and without all hope of reconciliation. But the blood ot the innocent fervant of God, buried in oblivion all that brap:gin2 a!id boaft. For the Archbifliop of G/^/^-etv was the firft unto whom the Cardinall wrote, fignifying unto him vvhat was done, and ear- • neftly craving of him, that he would affifl: with his prefence and counfell, how that fuch an enemy to their eftate might be fuppreffed. And thereto was not the other flow, but kept time appbinted;fat next to the Cardinall, waited and fubfcribed firft in rankc , and lay over the Eaft block-houfe with the faid Cardinall, till the Martyr of God was confumed with fire : for this we may note, That all thcfe beafts confented in heart to the flaughterof that Innocent. So did they approve it with their prefence, having the whole ordnance of the Caftle of S. Andrews^ bent towards the place. of execution, which was neere to the Caftle , ready to have fhot, if any would have made defence or refcue to Gods fervant. The manner of his Accufation , Procefle , and Anfwers follbweth , as we have recei- ved from certaine Records, which we relate truely ; as nccre as poflibly we can. , . , Upon thclaft of February was fent to the prifon where the fervant of > •^ God lay, the Bcane of the Towne, by the commandment of the Cardinall ^ ^ and his wicked counfell, and there fummoned the faid Mafter George^ that he fliould on the morrow following appeare before the Judge , then and there to give account of his feditious and Hereticall Dodrine. To whom the faid Mafter George anfwered ^ What needcth ( faid he ) the Cardi- nall to fummon me to anfwer for my Dodrine openly before him, un- der whofe power and Dominion I am thus ftraightly bound in irons f May not hecompellmetoanfwer, of his extort power c" Or bclecveth he that I am unprovided to render account of my Dodrine < To mani- f eft your felves what men ye arc , it is well done that ye keepe your old Ceremonies and Conftitutions rnade by men. Upon the next morrow the Lord Cardinall caufed his fcrvants to addrcffe themfclves in thgir nioft warlike array ,with Jack,Knapfcall,Splent,Spear,& Axe,more feem- ly for the war then for the Preaching of the true word of God. And when thefc armed Champions , marching in warlike order , had tonveyed the I Bifliops 7 he Hijlary of the^efGrmation JLib i. A nno BiHiop'. into the Abbev-church , incontinenrly they fent for M. George^ , who was conveyed unto the faid Church by the Captaineof the Caft'e, ''-^^•'^*'' and the number of an hundred men, addrefled in manner aforefaid, hke a Liimb led they him to the facnfice. As he cntred in at the Abbey-Church dooie,thcre wasapoore man lying vexed with great infirmiti^es, asking of- liis almes, to whom he" flung his purfe, and when he came before the Car- vvho w« J ciinall , bv and by the Sub-prior of the Abbey , called Deane ^^ohn Vy'm- '',id"heamr '''"^^^ ^^^'^^ "P *" '^'^^ P^''?'"^ ' ^""^ ^^^^ ^ Scrmon to all the congregation favou,cd"he there then allemblcd, taking his matter out of Matth. n. Whofe Sermoa pure Religion, ^^,35 divided into foure parts. The firft was, A (liort and briefe declanitioa ,n iccKt. ^^^^^ Evangelift. The fecond , of the interpretation of the good i\tA : And bccaufe he called the Word of God the good feed , and Herefie the evil feed-, he declared'what Herefie was , and how it fhould be knowne. Botikyef;! He defined it on this manner ; f^erefle is a ftlfe Ovinion , defended with i!fiaUio,&c. pert/rmcicy , clcarely repugning the Word of God. The third part of his Sermon was. The caufe of Herefie within that realm,and all other realms. The caufe of Herefie ( faid he ) is the ignorance of them which have the cures of mens foules: to whom it neceffarily belongeth to have the true Notetfiecaufc undcrftanding ofthe Word of God, that they may be able to winne again ofHcieiic. the f'alfe Teachers of Herefies, with the fword ofthe Spirit, which is, the wordof'God:andnotonelyto win again, but alfo to overcome, as faith Fitttl to Timothy, A bi'jhop mujf be fault leff'e, ai hecometh the miniver of Cody not jluhborn, nor angrf^ nv drunkard, no fighter , not given to filthy lucre, but harbe- rottSy one that loved goednqfe, fober-nnnded^righteous, holy, temperate, and fuch as cleaveth unto the true Word ofBoBrine. That he may be able with rvholfeme learning , and to inipitgne that which they fay againji him. The fourth part of hi; Scrmon was, how Herefies fhould b& knowne -, Herefies (quoth he) The Pioofeof be knowne on this manner-. As the Gold-fmith knoweth the fine gold Hciefic, fjom the unperfit, by the touch-ftone -, So likewife may we know Herefie by the undoubted Touch-ftone, that is, The true, fincere, and undefiled Word of God. At the lafl he added. That Herecicks fhould be put down in this prefent life. To which Propofition, the Gofpel he treated of ap- peareth not to repugnc , Let them both grow to the harvefl. The h;sr- veftisthe end ofthe world, nevertheleffe he affirmed, That they fiiould be put down by the civill Magiftrate,and Law. And when he ended his Ser- mon, incontinent they caufed M. George to afcend into the Pulpit, there to hcare his Accufation and Articles, for right againft him flood one of the fat flock, a monfler, ^ohn Larvder, a Priefl, laden full of curfings , written in paper ofthe which he took out a roule, both long, and al fo full of out- rages, thrcatnings, malediftions, and Vv'ordsof deviliflifpiteandraahce, faying to the innocent M. George , fo many crucU and abominable words, and hit him fo fpitefuUy with the Popes thunder,that the ignorant people dreaded left the earth then would have fwallowed him up quick. Not- withftanding he flood ftill with great patience, hearing their fayings, not once moving or changing his countenance. When that this fat fow had fcad thorowout all his lying menaces, his face running down with fwear, and f roathing at the moutiriike a boare : He fpate at M.Geor^es face, fay- ing, What anfmrs thou t9 thefe fayings? Thou rHi»agate,traitour^iheefe,rvhich rve have Lib.i. of lieligion in the Healme of Scotland, fg l/ave dudj f roved by fnfficient tvittie([e againfl thee. Mafter George hearing J\r\rir^ this, fate downc upon his knces-in the Pulpit, making his prayer to God. Whenheh'd ended his Prayer, fwcctly and ChriUianly, hcanfwercd ^^'^'^^^ unto them all in this manner : I. 2." Mailer George his Oration: - MJry and horrible fipngs unto me a chriftian man , many words ahomind' Ue for to hear e , have ye fpoken here this day ^ which not onely to teach ^ but alfo to thinke , I thought it ever great abomination. Wherefore J pray your dif- cretions quietly to hcare me , that ye may knoxo xvhat were my Sayings , and the manner of my DoBrine. This my Petition ( my Lords ) I deftre to be heard for three caufes. The frjl is ^ Becaufc through preaching of the Word of God^ his <^lory is made tnmfef. It is reafenable therefore , for the advancing of the glory fif God , that ye heire me teaching tritely the pure and fmcere Word of God-y without any difsimuUtion. The fecond rea(on is ^ Beaiufe that your health fpringeth of the Wordcf God, for he worketh all things by his Word. It were therefore an unrighteous thing , // ye flwitld flop your eares from me , teaching truely the Word of God. ~he third reafon is , Becaufe your DoBrine fpeaketh 3 ^ frthm^nypefilentioU'Sj blafphemous, and abominable words , not coming by the jnjpiration of God , but of the devill , on no leffe perill than my life. It is jusi therefore and redfonahle for your difcretions , to know what my words oj^d DoBrine are , r.fid what I have ever taught in my time in this Rcalme, that I pe- ri flivot unjufly , tothegreat perils of your fives . Wherefore both for the glory of God , your owne health , andffegtiard of my life , / hcfeech ycur difcretions to heare me , and ra the meane time I fiall recite my DoBrine , without any colour. . , FirB and chiefly , fince the time that I came into this Realms^ I taught nothing hut the ten Ccmrnandments of God, the twelve i^rticles of the Vi'nh ^ and the Prayer of the Lcrd in the mother Tongue. Moreover , in Dundie I taught the Epijlle of Saint Paul to the Romanes. And I fhall (Ikw your difcretions faithfully what faf})ion and manner I ufed^ when I taught without any humane dread. So that your difcretions give me your eares benevolent and attentive. Suddenly then, wich a Icud voyce crycd the accufer, the fat fow , Thou iicret:cke, Runnagate^ Trayter^ and Thief, It was not lawful/ for thee to preach ; Note. thou hafl taken the power at thine owne hand , without any authority of the Chiirch. We forthinke that thou ha/i been a Preacher fo long. Thenfaid the whole Con- gregation of the Prchts, with their complices , thefe words •; If wc give him licenfe to Preach , he is fo crafty , atid in holy Script tires fo exercifed, that he will perfwade the people to his opinion , andraife them again fi us. M. George feeing their malicious and wicked intent, appealed to an indif- ferent and cquall Judge. To whom the accufer, lohnLawder aforcfaid, with hoggifh voyce anfwcrcd , Is not my Lord Cardinall the fecond per fon within this Realme , Chancellor of Scotland , Jrchbiflwp of Saint An- drewes, B.fiopof Mcrepofc, Commendator of Arbrorh, Legatus natus, ^^^^* Legatus a Latere. And fo reciting as many Titles o£ his unwor- thy Honours as would have laden a Ship , much fooncr an Ailc : Is not he ( quoth lohn Lmdcr J an equall ] u d o h ap- parently to 4hcc. Whom other defucft thou to be thy Ju d o f c Y I 2 To ^g The Htftory of the Reformation JLib.i. \^/^\^^) A To whom this humble man anfwcrcd, faying, Ircfufemmy Lord Car dt- x\nnu ^^^y^ ^^^ idefiretheWvrdofGodtobe m-j Judge, the Ternporall ejlate with fome of pur Lordjhifs mine iiudttors , becmife I am "here mi LordCo'vcrneurs prifomr. Wiicrcupon the pridcfiill and fcornfull people that flood by, mocked him faying, Such?»an, ftich ludge , fpcaking fcdirious and rcproachfull words againft the Govcrnour, and other of the Nobles, meaning them alfo to be hercticks. And incontinent, without all delay , they would have given fenterce upon M. George , and that without f-utlicr Proccffe, had rot certain men there councclled my Lord Cardinall to reade againc the Articles, aod to heare his anfwers thereupon, that the people might not complaine of his wrongfull condemnation. And fliortly for to declare. Thefc were the Articles following , with his Anfwers, as farthey would give him leaveto fpeak. For when he intended to mirig:ire their Icafings, and fliew the manner of his Doctrine, by and by they flopped his mouth with another Article. The firft Article. iJjoufalfeHeretkke^Runriagate, Traytor , and Thief , Deceiver of the people^ defpijefl the Church , and in like cafe contemnes my Lord Governours \j4iitho- rity. And this weknoivoffureiy, That when thm preachedji ;«.Dundie, 4«^ rv,is cktrged by my Lord Cover mars Authority to dcfiji ., never t he leffe thoa n'ouldcfi net obey , but per fevered in the fame : And therefore the Bjjhop of Btcichcncurfed thee , and delivered thee into the Devils hand ^ and gave thee then Commandtnent , That then jlwtddejl preach no more ; yet notivithjlanding thou didjl ccntinue cbjlinately . The Anfwer. ■ My Lords, I have read in the ABs of the Apo(iles , That it is not law- full, for the threats and menaces of men , to defift from the preaching of the Gofpel : Therefore it is written, We (hall rather obey God than men, I have alfo read the Prophet Malachie-, I jhallcurfeyourblefsings^ andbleffe your ctirfings , faith the Lord. Believing firmly , That he would turn your curfings into bleflings. The fccond Article. Thoufalfe hcretickdidflfay , That a Priejl ftanding at the Altar fyingMaffe, was like a Fox wagging his taile in July. The Anfwer. ^y Loi^as, I faidnotfo. Thcfc were my fayings, The moving of the body outward, without inward moving of the heart, is nought ell'c but the playmg of an Ape, and not the true ferving of God. For God isalecrct iearcher of mens hearts. Therefore who will truely adore and honour God , he muft in Ipirit and verity honour him. Then the acculcr flopped his mouth with another Article. r/,/1 fir I The third Article. fevenZcrJmnT ^''^^'^^'J^ "jff'es of my fins. Here confefling fig- nificth:he fccret knowledge of our fins before God. When I exhorted the people on this manner, I reproved no manner of Confeflion : And farther, Siini lamc^s hith, Acknowledge •^cur fms oneto anothcr^^nd fo let you-have pace among your fdves. Here the Apoftlc meancth nothing of Auricular Confeffion , but that we fliould acknowledge and confcflc our fclves to be finncrs before our brethren, and before the world, and not to cftecme our felvcs, as the Gray Friers do , thinking themfelves already purged. ^'^''^^' When that he had faidthefe words, the horned Bifhops and their com- plices cryed and gyrned with their teeth, faying. See ye not what colours he hath in his jpeech, that he may beguile ay, andfedttce u-s to his opinion ? The fifth Article. Thou falfe heretick didfi fay openly , That it was necejfaryfor every m.tn to knotp and underjland his B apt if me ; which is contrary to Cenerali Cotmctls^ and the Ejlatejs of holy Church, The Anfwer. My Lords, I believe there be none fo unwife here , that will make Merchandife with any French-men , or any other unknowne ftrangcr, except he know and underfland firft the conditioner promife made by the French-man or ftrangcr. So likewifc I would that we underflood what thing wc promife in the name of the Infant unto God in Baptifrae. IhcniziAM. Peter Chaplin, That he had the deviU within him , and the fpirit of terrour. Then anfvvered him a childc , faying, The devil delist fpeakfuch words as yonder man dothfpeake. * The fixth Article. Thcu falfe Heretich , Traytor, and Thiefe^ thou faid , That the Sacrsment 6f the Altar TV at but a piece of bread bakcn upon the ajlw^ and no other thipg el fa 6z The Hiflorte of the Reformation Lib . i /i~ eife ; andallthat *> there done , is ht a [nperftitiow Rite, againft the Commmd- ■ x^,r>,r^ mem of God. The Jnftver. Oh Lord God ! Co manifcft lycs and blafphcmics, the Scripture doth not reach you. As concerning the Sacrament of the Altar (my Lords) I never taught any thing againlt the Scripture , the which I fhall ( by Gods grace ) make manif eli this day , 1 being ready therefore to fufFer death. The lawful! ufe of the Sacrament is moft acceptable unto God. But the great abufc of it, is very detcftable unto him : But what occafi- on they have to fay fuch words of me , I lliall fhortly fliew your Lord- fbips. I once chanced to meet with a /w, when I was fayling upon the ]\'0te. water of Rhcne ; I did enquire of him, What was the caufc of his perti- nacie, that he did not believe that the true Mefs/as was come, confidering that they had fcen all the Prophefies which were fpoken of him , to be fulfilled : Moreover, the Prophefies taken away, and the Scepter of /«- da. By many other tcftimonics of the Scripture I witneffed to him, and proved that iheMcfsias wascome,thc which they called lefus of Nazareth? This lew anfwered again unto me, When Mcfsias cometh, he iliall reftorc all things , and he (hall not abrogate the Law which was given unto our Fathers, as ye do ; for why. We lee the poor almoft perifh through hun- ger amongft you, yet you arc not moved with pity towards them : Butamongftus/^w/, though we be poor , there are no bcggcrs found. Secondarily, Itisforbiddenby thcLaw tofain anykinde of Imagery, of things in heaven above, or in the earth beneath , or in the Sea under the earth, but one God oncly to honour. But your Sanduaries and Churches are full of Idolls. Thirdly, a piece of bread baked upon the afljcs, ye adore and worfhip, and fay that it is your God. 1 have rehear- fed here but the fayings of a lew, which I never affirmed to be true. Then theBiihopsfliook their heads, and fpitted on the ground > and what he mcaned in this matter further, they would not hear. The fevcnth Article. Iheufdfe hereticke didBfay, That extreme Un^ion was mt a Sacrament, The Anfwer. My Lords, forfoothl never taught of extreme Undion , in my Do dirine, whether it was a Sacrament orno. The eighth Article. ThoH falfe hereticke didjlfay , That holy water is notfo goodasWaJJ} , and fuch like. Thou contemneJlcon]urwg, and fayefi. That holj Churches ctirfing availcth I The Anfwer. , My Lords, as for holy water, whatftrengthitisof, I taught never in • lol^w ^'"r ^°'^)"'^i"8sandExorcifms, if they were conformable toj tnc word of God,l would commend themjbut in as much as they are not contormablc to the Commandment and Word of God,I reprove them. |_ The! , — ■ *■ - ' T-^ Lib. I. of%eligion in the "Realme of Scotland 6 j The ninth Article. . ^^^^ Thou f^lfc Hereticke and runagate^ haft [aid, That every ?;-:an is a Priefi • md ^-'^'^''^^ likervife thou fijcft^ That the Pope hath no morefovacr then another ram. The Jrtfwer. My Lords, I taught notlnng but the Woi'd of God, I remember that I * h:ivc read in feme places oi S.^ehn^ and S.Peter ^ of the which one faith, //(.' hath made m kings andpriefts. The other {aith,f/f hath made m the kingly, Pt/e(}hood. Wherefore I have affirmed, Any man underftanding and per- fitinthe Wordof God , andthe true faith of Jefus Chrift, to have his power given him from God , and not by the power or violence of men, but by the vertuc of the Word of God,the which word is CAWtd^Theporver of God. as witneiTeth S. Paul, evidently enough. And againe 1 fiy , Any Note this 9- unlearned man,and not exerciied in the Word of Cod, nor yet conftant in ga'nftihe if^^' his Faith, w'hatfoever eftatc or order hebe of; I fa}^, he hath no power to fl|o|I. ' '" binde or to loofe , feeing he wanteth the inftrument by the w!iich he bin- deth and loofeth , that is to fay , The Word of God. After that he had faid thefe words, all the Bifhops laughed,and mocked him : When that he be- held their laughing-, Laugh ye ( faid he ) my Lords c" Though that thefe my fayings do feem fcornfull, and worthy of derifion to your Lordfliips, neverthelefle they are very weighty to me , and of a great value ^ becaufe that they fland not oncly upon my life, but alfo upon the honour and glo- ryofGod. In the meane time many godly men, beholding the wood- reflfe and great cruelty of the Bifhops , and the invincible patience of the faid liX.George, did greatly mourne and lament. The tenth Article. Thoufa/feF}eret!ckefa:dft, That a man had no free-will ^ hut is Itketothe Stoicks, which fav^ That it u not in ntans will to do any things but that alldefire mdconcufifcence comet h of God, ofwhatfoever kinde it be of. The Anfwer. * - . My Lords I Gid not fojtruely, I fay. That as many as beleevc in Chrifi firmely, unto them is given liberty conformable to the faying of S. ^oha^ Jf the Sonne make you free, then [hall ye» verilj be free : Of the contrary , as many as beleeve not in Chrifi Jefus^they are bond-fervants of fm : Hetha$ fmneth, is bonndtofm. I The eleventh Article. Thou falfe Hereticke fay eft ^ It is as law full to eat flefti ufon Friday , as on Sunday. ~ j ' The Anfwer. Pleafeth it your Lordfhips, I have read intheEpifllesof S.Paul^ That who is cleanc, unto him all things are cleane : Of the contrary^ to the filthy men all things are uncleane. A faithful! man , cleane and holy , fandifieth by the Word, the creature of God 3 buc the creature raaketh no man accept- able *« 2^ot(. . <5 . ^rhe Hiftorj of the 'Kejormation JLib. i ^ able rnto God. So that a creature cannot findifie any impure and im- J^nnO J^j^i-,^;,!! m;i,i. But to the faitlifnll man all things are fanaified by the K.^^^\n^ nraver ofthc word of God. Afcertheft fayings of M. George , then faid the'Bill'ops with their complices ; Wiut needed wc any witnefTe againft him, Iwcii he not here openly fpoken blafphemie ^ The Melfth Article. Tho!ifilf<:hlcretickedoc(i fay, That n^e flmld not fray unto Saints, hut t$ Codonely 5 Saj rvhcthcr thoit haft ftidthts or m, fayjhrtlj. The J n fiver. Tor the wcakneffc and infirmity of the hearers, he faid, without doubt pIaincly,That Saints Hiouldnotbe honoured,nor called upon. My Lords (faid he) thcreare two things worthy of note. The one is certaine, and the other uncertain. It is found plainely and certain in Scriptures, Thac we fliould worfliip and honour one God , according to the faying of the firft Commandment , Thou palt onely rvorjlu^ and honour thy Lord God with All thine heart. But as for praying to, and honouring of Saint? , there is great doubt amongft many,whether they heare or no the invocation made unto them. Therefore I exhorted all men equally in my Dodrine , That they lliould leave the unfure way , and follow the way which was taught us by our Mafter Chrifl. He is onely our Mediatour, and maketh int'er- ceflion for us to God his Father. He is the doore by the which we nuift enter in : He that cntretb nbt in by this doore, but clinieth another way, is a thiefe and a murderer. He is the vcritie and life : he that goeth out of the way, there is no doubt he fliall fall into the mire : Yea, verily he is fal- len into it already. This is the fafhion of my Dodrine, the which I have ever followed. Verily that which I have heard and re id in the Word of God, T taught openly and in no corners , and now ye Hiill witneiTethe fame, if your Lordfliips will heare me : Except it ftand by the Word of God , I dare not be fo bold to affirme any thing. Thefe fayings-he re- hearfed divers times. The thirteenth Article. Thou fulfe Hereticke haft Preached plainely , That there is no Purgatory , and that it is afained thing, for any man after this life to befuni^Kdin Purgatory. The Anfrver. My Lords, as 1 have oftentimes faid heretofore ; Without exprefie wit- nefle and teflimony of Scriptures,! dare affirmc nothing. I have oft, and divers times read over the Bible, and yet fuch a terme found I never , nor yet any place of Scripture applicable thereto. Therefore I was afraid ever to teach of that thing which I could not findc in Scripture. Then faid he to M.^ohn Larvder , his accufer-. If you have any teflimony of the Scripture , by the which you may prove any fuch place , fliew it now be- fore this auditory. But that dolt had not a word to fay for himfelfe , but was as dumbe as a Beetle in that matter. The Lib. I . ofB^igion in the "Realme of Scotland. ^5 Anno The fourteenth Article. Thoti falfe fJcreticke haft taught plainly againft the Forvs ofc\'[onks. Friers^ Nuns, aijdrr;e(ls^ f'^V^t ' That whofoevcriv.ts bomdto f'ch Irh Fotvs , they ■rowedthemfehestotheftateofdamnatiort. ^Moreover ^ That it rvas latpfuil for Pricfls to marry wives, and not to livefole. The K^nffver. 6f this, my Lords, I have read intheGofpel, That there are three kinde of chafte men, feme are gelded from their mothers woinb : fome arc gelded by men,and fome have gelded themfelves for the kingdom of hea- vens fake- Verily , I fay, thefe men are blcfled by the Scripture of Cod. But as many as have not the gift of chaftity, nor yet for the Gofpel , have overcome the concupifcence of the flefli, and have vowed chaftity^ ye have experience, although I fliould hold my tongue , to vv^h at inconveni- ences they have vowed themfelves. When he had faid thefe words, they were all dumb,thinking it better to have ten concubine:^ then one wife.' The fiftecrth Article. Thoft falfe Urreticke, andrmnagatefayeft. That thou mlt not obey our Gent' rallorPro'vimiallCounfells. The Anftver. Mv Lords, what your generall Counlclls are, I know not, I iva§ never exerci cd in them , but to the pure Word of God, I gave my labours. Read here your gererall Counfells, or elfe give me a book , wherein they are contained, that T may read them • if they be agreeable with the Word of God J will not difagree. Then the ravening Wolves turned unto mad- nefTe, and faid ; Wherefore let we him {peak any farther <: Read forth the Yeft of the Articles, and ftay not upon them. Amongftthofe cruell Tv- gers, there was one falfe hvpocrite , a feducer of the people , called ^ohtt Thif mtT:m Scot, f>indingbehinde5f<7/'«Z,rhich he faid, not to intercede for his Hfe •, but to make known the innocency of the man unto all men,as it was known to God. At thefe words the Cardinall was angry, -"nd faid to the Sub-Prior Long agoe we knew what you were- Then the Sub-Prior demanded. Whether they would fnfFer M. Wifcharde to receive the Communion or no •, They anfwered, No. A while after M.Wifcharde had ended with the Sub-Prior, the Captaine of the Caftle, with fome other friends, came to him, and asked him -, If he would break faft with them ^ He anfwered Moft willingly, for I know youtobemofthoneft and godly men-, So all being ready, he defired them to fit downe, and heare him a while with patience-. Then he difcourfed to them about halfe an houre concerning the Lords Supper , his Sufferings and Death for us ; He exhorceth them to love one another, laying afide all rancor, envic, and vengeance, as per- fedt members of Chrift , who intercedes continually for us to God the Father. After this he gave thanks, and bleffing the Bread and Wine, he tookthe Bread and brake it, and gave to every one of it , biddin^^each of them. Remember then Chrifl had died for them ^ and feed on it fpirittial- Ij; So taking the Cup, he bade them, Ren/ember that Chnfls blood wa, I pray yott forgive wf, for I am not guilty of your death. To whom he anfwcred, Come hither to me : When he was come to him, he kiffed his cheek, and faid, Lo hers is a token that I forgive thee, my heart, do thy Office : And then by and by the Trumpet founding, he was tyed to the ftakc, and the fire kind- led. The Captain of the Caftle , for the love he bore to M. Wifcharde^ drew fo neer to the fire, that the flame thereof did him harme • he wifiicd M. Wtfcharde to be of good courage , and to beg from God the forgive- neffe of his fins ; to whom M. W/fcharde anfwered thus • This fire torments my Lody,hut no tvayes abates my fpirit. Then M.Wifcharde looking towards the Cardinall, faidj Hervhoin fuchjlatc^ from that high place ^ feedeth his eyes with my torments, within few dayes pall be hanged out at the fame window^ to bcCeen with as much ignominy, as he now leaneth there in pride. Then with thisj the Executioner drawing the Cord, ftopt his breath • prefently after, the fire being great , he was confumed to powder. The Prelats Vv^ould not fuffer any prayers to be made for him , according to their Cu- ftome. After the death of Maftcr Wifcharde, the Cardinall was cryed up by his flatterers , and all the rabble of the corrupt Clergie, as the onely Defender of the Catbolike Church , and puniflier of hereticks , negle- it failed , and fo returned he to his flrength • yea, to his god and onely comfort, as well in heaven as in earth -, and there he remained without all fear of death, promifing to himfelf no leife pleafure then did the rich man of whom mention is made by our Mafler in the Gofpel •, for he did not onely fay. Eat and be glad, my foul, for thou hafl great riches laid up in ftorc for many dayes •, but lie faid, Tujh, a figgefor thefooles, and a bmon for the bragging of hcretickes , andtheirafsifiance in Scotland : Is r>ot mj Lord Geverfioiir mine ? mtncffe his eldeft fo» in pledge at my table. Have .Ir.ot the ^ecn at my oxvne devotion ( he meant of the mother Mary that now 1566 1 5 ^6 raigns) Is not France my friend,and I am friend to Frances What danger Jhonld Ifcare ? And thus in vanity the carnal! Cardinal! delighted hi'm- lelf a little before his death. But yet he had devifed to have cut off fuch as he thought might trouble him : For he had appointed the whole Gen- tlemen of Fyfe to have met him at Falkland the Munday • but he was flain upon the Saturday before. His treafonable purpofe was not underftood, and It was this •, That Norman Lefley, Sheriff of Fvfe^ and apparent heir to his Father the Earl of Rothes-^zhe forcfaid ^ohn i(//ry,Father brother to Norman • the Lairds of Grange^ elder and younger •, Sir ^ames Learmond of D^>fe, and Provoft of Saint 4ndre^ves ; and the faithful! Laird of Raith, fliould either have been flain, or elfe taken, and after to have beene ■' ' iifed Lib. I. of%eligion in the %ealme o/~ Scotland 71 iifed at his pleafure. This enterprife was^ifclofed after his flaiighterj AnnQ pTtlyby letters and Memorlalls found in ftis chamber, but plainly af-- firmcd by fuch as were of the counfe'.l. Many purpofes were devifed, i-'<'^*V''^ howthat wicked man might have been taken away ^ But all faieth, till Friday the twenty eighth of 3/4y, anno i ^46. when the aforefaid Normm 1545, came at ni^ht to Sii'it Andrftoes , W.lliam Kirkaldie of Cran^^e younger, wa^ in the Tovvne before , waiting upon the purpofc. Lift came ^ohn Lefle) as nforefaid, who was moft fufpefted : What conclufion they took that righi, it was not k'lowne, but by the iffue that followed. But early upon the Saturday in the morning , the ? 9 of M.iy , were they in fu-^dry Companies in the Abbey Ghurch-y:ird , not far diftant from the Caftle ; Firft^ the G ices bei'ig open, and the draw-Bridge letten downc, for recei- ving of Lime and Stones, and Of her things neceffary for building ( for l?.!^/7''»wasalmoft finifhed ) Firft, wefay, allayed W-ll-amKirkcaldie of (Jr/Tw^f younger , and with him fix pcribns , and getting entry, held pur- pcfe with the Porter, If my Lo d was walking ; who anfwered , No : (and fo it vvns indeed, for he had been bufie at his compts with Miftris HnwtIieCir= Marten Ogilbie ihoimght^ whowasefpied to depart from him by the pri- diji! wasoc.u- vie Poftcrnc that morning •, and therefore quietneffe , after the rules of bjfo,''jf,j"'fn'' fhvfick,ard a morning fleep,was requifite (for my Lord.;Whi!c the faid th-m^^.jnmghe Tf/Z-rfwand the Porter talketh, and his fervants made r.hcm to look the "'"sA^'a- work and woikmen, approached Norman Le (ley v/ith his company- and becaufe thev were in great number, they eafily gat cntlic. They adirelTc to the midftof the Court- and immediately came ^tf^^-^Zf/Zif^'jibmevvhac rudelv, and four perfons with him : The Porter fearing, would have drawne the Bridge -, but the faid ^ohn being enured thcreoi, ftiyed it, and leapr in •. And while the Porter made him for defence, his head was broken, the Keyes taken from him, and he caft into the difch, andfothe place w.sfeiztd. The fliout arifeth ; the work-men, to the number of more then a hundred , ran off the walls, and were without hurt put forth at the Wicket Gate. The firft thing thdt ever was dot.e, Willram Krrkal- dietock the Guard of the privy Pofferne, fearing left the Fox fliould have efcapcd. Then go the reft to the Gentlemens Chambers.and with- out violence done to any man , they put more then fifty perfons to the G-'te : The number that eRterprifed and did this, was but fixreen per- fons. The Cardinall w.kencd with the fhours, asked from his window. What meant that noyfc 1 It was anfwered, Th it 'Norm.m Lcfley had taken his Caftle : Which underftood, herantothePofterne • but perceiving the paffage to be kept without, he returned quickly to his Chamber, toofc his two handed fword, andcaufcdhis Chamberlain to caft Chefti z\.i. other impediments to the doore. In this mean time came ^ohtf Lcjlq un- to it, and bids open. The Cardinall asking. Who calls ; he anfwered^ My name is £f/7£)i. He demarded , I that J^orman ? The oth-r faith, iNay, my name is ^chn. I will have iV^rw^w, faith the Cardinall, for he is mv friend. Content your felf with jTuch as arc here , for other yoi> ihall have none. There were with the f id ^oh», ^ames Mchene , a mm familiarly acquainted with Mafter George Wifcharde^and Peter Carmichaeffe, s ftout Gentleman. In this rae;m time, while they force at the door, ths Cardi- jz ^heHiftorjofthc%eformaion Lib. I. Anno C Tdinal! hides a box of gold urv^cr coalcs that were laid ii>a fecret cor- , ner At lenj^th he asketh>77/Kp^^ '^V life ^ The faid ■:fob» anfwered, ■r^d27s /r may be tl^t rve rvi/l. Nay ( iairh the Carrlir.a!! ) Sj^tr unto me by Gods d.™,„d. wounds, and I will open )on. Then anfwered the laid John, It that wasjaid^ ii nnU'd ■ and fo cryed, Fire, &e, ( for the doore was very ftrong ) and fo v:;s'broushta chimley full of burning coales which perceived, the Car- dinnll or his Chamberlain (it is uncertain) opened the doore,and the Car- Thf Cirdinnls dinall fat down in a chaire, and cryed, lama Priefi, I am a Pr/efi.ye will not cufttjuon. ^^^ ^^ jj^g ^^jj . That they , their jricnds , familiars and fervMts , and others to them pertaining, j^mtld never be fitrfued in Law ^ hy authority , for the flattghtcr aforefaid. But that they flmld enjoy commodities^ (^irittiall or temporally rvhat- foevc'r thn po([elJed before the [aid (laughter, even as if it had never becne com- mitted. That they of the Ca/Ile fliould keep the Earle of Arran fo long as their Pledges were kept . And uich like Articles liberall enough, for they never minded to keep word of them, as the /jfue did declare, ^-ohn Rough left the Caftle/eeing he could do little <^ood upon thofe that were within, fo addic!ied were they to their cvilwayes- he went into £«g-/W to Preach Gods Word there. The appoincment made , all the godly were glad , for fome hope they had that thereby Gods Word fliould fomewhat bud , as indeed fo it did ; For fohn Rough (who foon after the Cardinals {laughter entred within the Caftle and had continued in it during the whole fiegejhaving left the Ca- ftle, becaufc he could do little good upon thofe that were with him-, fo ad- diiftcd were they to their evil wayes, began to Preach in the city of S.^«- dre-.vs. And albeit he was not the moft learned^yet was his doftrinc with- out corruption^ and therefore well liked of the people. At the Eafter after I S 4 7. ^-nno 1 547I came to the Caftle of S. Andrews, j-ohn Knox, who wearied of /o/wKm goes removing from place to place,by reafon of the perlecution that came upon cis" jwf/Tfn's'* ^'"^ '^y ^'^^ Bifliop o^S. Andrews, was determined to have left Scotland,and. to have vifited theSchools o^ Germany{o^England then he had no pleafure, by reafon that although thePopes name was fupprelTedjyct his laws & cor- ruptions remained in full Yigor.)But becaufe he had the care of fome Gen- tlemens children,whom certain yeers he had nourifhed in godlinefife. Their fathers folicited him to go to S.Andrews, that himfelfc might have the be- ' nefit of the Caftle, and their children the benefit of his Doftrine. And fo ( we fay ) came he the time aforefaid to the laid place • and having in his company Francis Dowglas o'i Langnidrie, George\\ishxoi\\QX, and Alexander Cokburne, eldeft fon then to the Laird o^Ortne(lo», began to exercife them, afccr his accuftomed manner. Befides the Grammar and other books of hu- mane Learning,he read unto them a Catcchifme, account whereof he cau- fcd them give publikely in the Parifli Church oiS.Andrews.Wo. read more- over unto them the Gofpel o'ifohn, proceeding where he left at his depar- ture from Langnidrie, where before his refidence was, and that Lcdure hs read in the Clvippell within the Caftle at a certain houre. They of the place,but fpecially M.llcn.Balnaves & ^ohnRough Preacher,perceiving the manner oHms Doarine,began earneftly to travel] with him,that he woMd take the l-undtionof Prea'chcr upon him : but he refufed,alleadging that he would not run where God had not called him, meaning, that he would do Lib. I . of Religion in the %ealme of Scotland. 7<) do nothing without a lawful! vocation. Whereupon they privily amdngft _/\nnQ themfelves advifing, having with them in counfel Sir Ditv'id Ltridfay of the ^5^^*^^ . Mount *, they concluded that they would give a charge to the faid ^ohn, • i-,r vavid*"^ and that publikely, by the raouth of the Preacher. And fo upon a certain ^'^fu King of day, a Sermon of the Eeledion of Minifters, what power the Congrega- whTfbret"c tion (how finall foever that it was,pafling the number of two or thrce)had time had good above any man, namely, in the time of need, as that was, in whom they |'g*>f ''°th in fuppofed, and efpied the gifts of God to be ^ and how dangerous it was Humane know, to refufe, and not to heare the voyce of fuch as defi re to be inftruded. ledg^.ashis Thefe & other heads(we fay)declared the faid ^ohn Hough Preacher,dire- '^°'''^ff""«- ded by his words to the faid ^ohn l< f!ox jCnying, Brother , ye flia/lfiot heoffcn- Thefirft Vo- ded , albeit that I [peak unto )ou that which I have in charge even from all thofe of"/Jt»KM'»" that are here pre ferity which is this : In the Name of God^ and of his Son ^efus Chrifl , and in the name of thefe that prefently call you by m) mouth, I charge you that ye refufe not this holy Vocation, hut as ye tender the glory of God^tht encreafe of Chrifls Kingdom , The ed/fication of your Brethren , and the com- fort of me , whom ye underfland well enough to be oppreffed by the multitude of labours , That ye take upon you the publiki office and Charge of Preachini^^ even as ye looke toavoyd Gods heavy difpleafnre , and defire that hefhall mul- tiply his Graces upon you. And in the end he fiid to thofe that were pre- {tnx^Was net thi^ your charge to me ? And do ye not approve this Vocation ? They anfwered, Itis^ and we approve it. Whereat the faid M. John a- baflied, burft forth in mofl abundant tears , and withdrew himfelf to his Chamber: His countenance and behaviour, from that day, till the day that he was compelled to prefent himfelf to the publike place of Preach- ing, did fufficiently declare the grief and trouble of his heart ^ for no man faw any figneof mirth of him , neither yet had he pleafure to ac- company any man, for many dayes together. The neceffity that caufcd him to enter in the publikePlace,befides the Vocation afore faid, was Dean lohnJnnania. rotten Papift)had long troubled lohn Rough in his Preaching. The faid Tohn Knox had fortified the Doftrinc of the Preacher by his Pen, and had beaten the faid Dean John from all defences, that he was compel- ^]„' ' led to flie to his laft refuge-,that is. To the authority of the Church,which Authority, faid he, damned all Lutherans and Heretickcs , and there- fore he needed no further difputation. John Knox anCwered ^ Before we hold our f elves ^ or that ye can prove m fufficiently convinced , we mufl define the church by the right notes given to us in Gods Scripture , of the true church : we mufl difcerne the Immaculate Spoufe of Icf»s Chrifl , from the mother of Confufton , Spirituall Babilon ; lefl that imprudently we embrace Afiarlot^ infiead of the chafle Spoufe -^yea^ tofpeakeit in plain words , Lefi that we fubmit our f elves to Sathan , thinking that we fubmit our f elves to Jefus chrifl : For as for jour Romane Churchy as it is now corrupted , and the {Authority thereof , wherein ftands the hope of your Vinery ^ I a» wore doubt but that it is the Synagogue of Sathan •, and the Head thereof^ called the Rope , to be that man of Sin of whom the Apoflle fpeaketh^ then rffh/it I doubt that JesUs Christ fuffered by the procurement of the The offer of vifible church of Jerufalem. Tm, lofer my felf by word or writings ^^/»*»FC««Cfft prove the Romane Church this day farther to Regenerate from the purity which *he papiftT L 2 fv/n n6 The Hijhrj of the Reformation JLib i. 7 WAS w the Itjes of the K^pojllcs , tk» was the Church ef the J-ems from the •^^^^ Ordimnct Tive»l>yMofcs , whe» they confentedto the innocent da^th of ^ e s u s '"'^^'^"^ C H R I s^. Tlicfc words were fpokcn in the open audience of the Parilh Church of Saint .^^flVnw, after the faid Dean ^ohn had fpokcn what it pleated him , and had rcfufcd to difpute. The people hearing the offer, cryed with one confcnt, We cannot all reade your writings, bat we can all hear your Preaching: Therefore we recjftire you in the Nameof God.That yc let us hcare the af probation of that which ye have affirmed , For if it be S'.'^rlfig i«^ ^vehave bcc'ne m;ferably deceived. And fo the next Sunday was ap- ,f loh^Kxox, pointed to the faid John, to cxprcfTc his minde in the publikc Preaching '"''''"'h' place: Which day approaching, the faid ^^-^w took the Text written in K»i^V. Z)4/;/>/, the fevcnth Chapter, beginning thus ^ ^W4w//7frA'w^y7W/ nfeaf^ tcrthem, and he j\)all be unlike unto the fir ft , and he fhall fubdtte three Kings, and fijallffeak words againft the moft High , and (hall confiwie the Saints of the moft Mfh, andthinke that he can change Times andLawes : And they jhall be given unto his hands untill a time , and times, and dividing of times , ere. In the be- '• ginning of his Sermon , he fhewcd the great love of God towards his Church, whom he pleafcd to forcwarne of dangers to corae, fo many ycers before they come to pafTc. He briefly treated of the flatc of the Ifracliccs, whothcn were in bondage in B^^ytCC(-;V. he hinifelf witnefTcth, in a Treatife that he did write in the Gallies , con- proofc of I'ur- t 'iiiinc the fum of his Dodrine, and the conieflion ot his Faith , and lent s*'"'^' itto hfs familiars in Scotland, with his exhonation. That they fhould con- tinue in the Truth,which they had profeffed, notwithftandingany world- Thccau.vof Ivadvcrfity that might enfuc thereof. Thus much of that difputa'tion theinfcrtingof j^'.^^,^ ^^g inlcrtcd here, to the intent that men may fee how Satan ever tra- ,ius u.fputa ^'^jj^^j^ ^^ obfcure the Light , and how God by his power working in his weak veffels, confounds the craft, and difclofeth the darkneffe of Satan. After this the Papifts and Friers, had no great heart of further difputa- tion or rcafoning, but invented another fhift, which appeared to proceed Tiic priftifrs fj.Q,^^ aodlinelTe , and it was this : Every learned man in the Abbey ,and S'wkkcd" in the^lniverfuie (liould Preach in the Paridi Church his Sunday about. ncfTrfhouH "Xht Sub- Prior hc^in^ followed the offciM , called SpittM (Sermons not be difcio- ^y^j penned ) to oflFcnd no man,followed all the reft in their ranks. And fo Ichn Knox fmelled out the craft , and in his Sermons which he made upon the Weeke-dayes , ' he prayed to God, that they fliould be as bufiein Preaching , wlren there fhould be more want of it, then there Thcprorefti- ^yas then. Ahvayes f faid he) I praife God that Chrifl Jefus is Preached, t^! '"'" and nothing is fiid pubhkely againfl the DoSrine that ye have heard. If in my abfence they fliall fpeak any thing which in myprefence they do not •, I proteff that ye fufpend your judgement , till that it pleafc God ye hear me againe. God fo affiflcd his weak Souldier,aad fo bleffed his labours , that noc onely all thefe of the Caflle, but alfo a great number of the Tov/n openly profeffed by participation of the Lords Tablc,in the fame purity,that now It is miniflred in the Churches o£ S cot I and ^wkh that fame Dodrine that he M. jiiMs nil. had taught unto them. Amongfl whom was he that now either rules, or nta wl"";!"^ elfe mifrules Scotland,x.o wit,Sir lames Balfenr (fomctimes called M. lames) Church, and the chicfc and principall Proteflant, that then was to be found within this did ptofeffe all Realm. This we write becaufe that we have heard , that the faid Mafler nuftiuby loha ^'^^^^ alleadgeth, that he was never of this our Religion, but that he was vj:ox. brought up in Martin Luthers opinion of the Sacrament , and therefore he cannot communicate with us . But his own confcicnce, and two hundred witneifes befides, know that he lies, and that he was one of the chief ( if he had not been after his cups) that would have given his life,if men might credit his words , for defence of the doftrine , that the find lohn Knox taught. But albeit that thofe that never were of us ( as none o^Monqvhau^ »9/houfe havefliewedthcmfclvestobe) depart from us, it is no great ^iu'rui-T''" ^''"'■"^^'■- f °^ '•: is proper and naturall, that the children follow the father, ^ '"''■• and let the godly beware of that race Jindprogenie, by cfchcwir.g it. For if in them be either fear of God , or love of vertue , further then the prefcntcommoditie perfwadcs them , men of judgement are deceived. 'LrVcd hclfts' ^"^ ^"^ '^^"'■" ^^ ^^^ Hiftory. The Priefts and Bifliops enraged at all thefe aui.c I'rcich- Proceedings that Were in S:iint Andrews , ran now upon the Govcrnour, ■nutV" ""'^"^i "r" ^^^"^ QiLcenc , now upon the whole Counfell , and thcie might have been heard complaints and cryes; What are we doing f Shall we . JLib.i. of%eligion in the %ealme of Scotland . 8 5 xvc fiiffi)' i^is whole Realme to be infeBd with prmcious Docirine 5 fie upon joti, Ar\r\r\ dftdfe tifon m. The Queen, and Monlieuv d'ofe/l {who chen was afecretis (^^^-s.ys^ multerum in the Court ) comforted them, and willed them to be quiet, for -^, rr. they fliould fee remedy or it were long. And fo it proved indeed : For ingot GaUep! upon the nine and twentieth day of ^ime , appeared in the fight of the ^»«» 1547. Qd&\to^ S^miAndrerves^ one and twentv French Galleys with a great ^"jg'ici^'of Army, the like whereof was never kan in that Haven before. This the oafe trcafbnablc means had the Governour, the Bifhop, the Qneen, and Mon- The treafona- fieur d'ofell^ under their appointment drawne. But to excufc their Trea- GGYern°oi,r!an4 ion, eight dayes before, they had prefented an Abfolution unto them , as Queen uaK" fent from flowf, containing, after the aggravation of the crime,this claufe, ''^"- remittim' irremifsih!le^thath,We remit the crime tha: cannot be remitted: j^^ ,^f^j, Which confidcred by the worft of the company that was in the Caftle, g,ventodi*e anfvver was given. That the Governour and Councell of the Realme had Governour, promifcd unto them a fufticient and affured abfolution -, which that ap- aieo^s! ati^' peareth not to be, and therefore they could not deliver the Houfe , nei- drewwa re- ther thought they that any reafonable man would require them fb to do, S"|red tobe confidering that promife was not kept unto them. The next day after "^'"^ ' that the Gallies were arrived , they fummoned the Houfc ; Which be- ing denied ( becaufe they knew then no Magiflratcs in Scotland) they pre- pared for Siege •, and firft they began to aflault by Sea, and fhot two days 5 but thereof they neither got advantage nor honour, for they threw down the Slates of houfes ^ but neither flue man, nor didharmeto any wall. But the Caftle handled them (b, that Sancia Barbara (the. Gunners god- The Guomts dc(Te) helped them nothing, for they loft many of their Rowers, men S'^'^'^'^** chained in the Gallics, and fome Souldiers both by Sea and Land. And farther, a G alley that approached ncerer then the reft, was fo beaten with the Cannon, and other Ordinance, that flie was ftrikcn under water, and almoft drowned, and fo fhe had been,had not the reft given her fuccour in time, and drawn her to the vi^eft Sands.withoi'.t the fhot of the Caftle, and afterward to Diindie •, where they remained,till that the Governour , who then was at the Siege of Langhope,czmc\xn.to them with the reft of the French Faftion. The Siege by Sea and Land was laid about the Caftle of S. Andrews the three and twentieth day of^idy .- The Trenches were caft. Ordnance was planted upon the Abbey Church, and upon Saint Sahators Colledge(and yet was the Steeple thereof burnt)and fome upon the ftreet Commonly that leads to the Caftle , which fo annoyed the Caftle, that neither could "' Y'^'"= "'** they keep their Block-houfe,the Sea Tower head,nor the weft wall^for in ^°' "^ ^^' all thole places men were flain by great Ordnance : yea, they mounted the Ordnance fo high upon the Abbey Church, that they mightdifcover the ground of the court of the Caftle in divers places. Moreover, within the Caftle was the plague(and divers therein died) which more affrayed fome that were therein, then did the externall force without. But ^0. Kmx was of another judgement-, for he ever raid,That their corrupt life,having fal- len into all kinde of licentioufnefTe, puftupwith pride of their fuccelfe, ^}^'^ fcntence and relying upon England for help in cafe of need , could not cfcape tiicS'ir the puniftiment of God •, and that was his continuall advertifiement, s.Andrcmhs. from the time that he was called to Preach. Whenihey triumphed f°'^'tw* M i of §4 ^/^^ Hifiory of the "Reformation Lib i i\ of their Vidory ( the firft twenty dayes they had many profpcr- ^^"^ ous chances) hclamcnred,and cvcrfiud , They faw not what he law; "-^'^^ when they bragged of the force and thickncile of their walls, he faid ^''■'' they fhould be but cgge-fhells. When they vaunted , Englmd will re- fcucus, he faid, Yclhall not fee them ; but ye fhall be delivered into your enemies hands, and fliiU be carried into a (Irangc Countrcy. Upon the nine and twentieth of luly at night, was the Ordnance planted for the Battery thirteen Cannons, whereof four were Cannons if.mmof Royall, called double Cannons, bcfidcs other Pieces. The Battery be- K^t'j'/bt.ns gan at tour of the clock in the morning ; and before ten hours of the day, '^'•^^ the whole South q'larter, betwixt the fore Tower , and the Eaft Block- houfe, was made faltable. The lower Gallery was flopped, divers flain in it •, and the Eaft Block-houre was Ihot off from the place. Be- twixt tcn'of the clock . nd eleven, there fell a fliowcr of rain, that con- tinued necr an hour, the like whereof had feldomc been feen ; it was fo vehement, that nomaa might abide without a houfc The Cannons were left alone. Some within the Caftle were of judgement, that men nrXif "lliouldhave iflucd , and pit all in the hands of God. But becaufe that Willidin Khkcddie was coming with the Prior of dppua^ who had the Commiflionot that Journey from the King of France, nothing wascn- terprifed. And fo appointment made, and, the Caftle rendered , upon Saturday the laft of lidy. TheH.adsof the Appointment were j That the lives of all within the Caftle ihould be favcd , as well Englifh as Scots , that they fliould be fafely tranfportcd to Frame. And in cafe that upon conditions which by the King of Frame Ihould offered unto The Caftle of thera, thcy could not be content torcmainc in fervicc and frecdomc 5 yjnrfrtwj re- jhgre, they fhould upon the King of Frafsce his cxpcnccs be fafely con- eft'ex"rlnKy" veycd to what Counctey they would, other thtn Scotland, With there- to treat with rvermur thcj would have nothing ado^ neither mth any Scottilh-man, for they £ 08™' had all trayteroufly betrayed them (which, faid the Laird of Grange el- cruelty of his dcr, a man fimple , and of moft ftout courage , -I am afTured God flull rc- wcainiture, ygngc it or it be long. ) The Galleys well furhifhed with the fpoile of IhJdMthor the Caftle aforefaid, after certain dayes returned to /r^wf , and cfca- hisCoufin ihc pcd a greit danger ( for upon the back of the Sands they all chocked ) ' *^*"'"'' • they arrived at Felcam in November , and thereafter paflcd up the water o( Scquane^ and lay before iJo^w , where the principall Gentlemen who looked for freedome, were difpcrfed , and put in fundry prifons ; the reft were left in the Gallcycs , and theie raifcrably ufcd. Amongft whom , the forefaid Mafter lames Balfour was , with his two brethren, David and Gilbert J which we write, becaufe that we hearc that the faid Maft:r A?»iw, ■ principall mifguider now of Scotland^ denies that he had any thingto do with the Caftle of Saint Jndrewes^ox yet that ever he was inthc Galleys : among others, lohn Knox was in the Galleys all the Winter. Then Was the joy of the Papifts, bojh of Scotland Siud of France, even in full per- le-f^ion ; for this was their fong of triumph : Priefls content you now , Priejls content you now , For "Norman and his company have fiU'dtbe Galliesfow. The Pope wrote Letters to the King of France , and fo did he to the Cover- Lib. I. of Religion in tht %ealme of Scotland. 8 ^ Governourof Scotland, thanking him heartily for taking pains to re- AnPO venge the death of his kindc creature the Cavdinall of ^fo/Z^Wjciefiring them to continue in their begun feverity , that fuch things thereafter Vx5?^V'"''>J iliould not be attempted. So were all thofe thnt were deprehended in the Caftle , condemned to perpetuall prifbn : And the ungodly judged. That after this , Chrift Jefus fliould never triumph in Scotland. On thing wc cannot parte by : Vxom Scotland was fenta famous Gierke (laugh not Reader) M. ^ohn Hammiltonoi CMilbtirm, with credit to the King of Frame , and unto the Cardinall of Lor aim (and ytx. he had neither French nor Latine , and fome f:iy his Scotifli tongue was not very good. ) The fum of his Negotiation was , That thofe of the Ca- ftle (liould be fliarply handled : In the which Suit he was heard with fixvour , and was difpatched from the Court of Trance with Letters , and great credit , which that famous Clerke forgate by the way. For paffuiguptiD the Mountaine, of Dumb art ane ^ before his letters were de- livered, he brake his neck, and fo God took away a proud ignorant ciicmy. But now to our Hiftory. Thefe things againft promife i^for Vrinces ha.ve no Fidelit'^ further then for their otvne advantage ) done NitllufdcsRe. at Roan^ the Galleys departed to Nantes m Britame. Where, upon the water of Lore , they lay the whole Winter. In Scotlandth^iSnm- i-ner was nothing but mirth, for all went with thePrieffs even at their ownpleafure. The Caftle of S. Andrerveswzsx^ztd to tht ground; the Block-houfe thereof caft downe, and the walls round about demoliilied. Whether this was to fulfill their law,which commands that places where •Cardinals are ftainjfo to be ufed ^ or clfe for fear that England {hovXd have taken it, as after they did Brouchtie Rock,mt remit to the judgement of fuch as wereofcounfell. This fame yeer, in the beginning of September^ entereth Scotland s.n- Army of ten thoufand men from EngLvid by Land, and fome Ships ^^^'c'ycicwcb. with Ordnance come by Sea. The Governour and the Bifliop hereof advertifed , gathered together the Forces of Scotland , and afl'embled at » Ednburgh. The Protedor of £«^AW, with the Earle o^ Warmicke and Di,k.c of i-fw- their Army, remained at Prajlon^ and about Pr^efton Panes -, for they had "''''^•'• certaine Offers topropofe unto the Nobility of Scotland » concerning the promife before made by them, unto the which King Henry before his death gently required them to fb.nd faft : And if they would fo do , of him nor of his Realme they fliould have no trouble, but the hclpe and the comfort that he could make them in ail things lawful!. And hereup- on there was a Letter direded to the Governour and Councell ; which coming to the hands of the Bifliop of Saint Andrerves,hQ thought it could not be for his advantage that it fliould be divulgate •, and therefore by his craft it was fupprefted. Upon the Fr/W-ty the fcventhof ■S"e/?f;w^(rr, the Fnglifli Army marched towards Leith^ and the ScotiHi Army march- ed from Edinburgh to Ennernes, The whole Scotidi Army was not aiTembled, and yet the skirmifhing began ^ for nothing wasconcluded but Viiffory, without ftrokc. The Protecflor, the Eule oi'Warppic!:e^ The ficu/ityof . the Lord Gr>jy, and all tiie Englifli Captaines were playing at the Dice. (■'^'--'^cot'fh^sA' Nomen were ftoutcr then the Priefts and Cbannons with their flwvea cfc"'! M 3 crowns, Piidays cliifc. Brags. ^^ The Hifiorj of the Reformation JLib. i JZZT^^^^^^^^nA black j^."~Th7M7f W^rmck , and the Lord ^r, ^""^ who had the chief charge of Horfe-mcn , perceiving the Hoft to be mo- ur^.^-J leftcd with the Scotidi Freachcrs , and knowing that the multitude were neither under order nor obedience (for they were dividtd from the great Army) fent forth certain Troops of Horfe-men, and fome of their Bor- derers cither to fetch them , or elfe to put them out of their fight, fo that they m'i^ht not annoy the Hoft. The Skirmifli grew hot, and at length the Scot^fli-raen gave back, and fled without gain turne : The chafe con- tinued far, both towards the Eaft, and towards the Weft 5 in the which many were flain, and he that now is Lord Home, was ta*.en, which was the occafion that theCaftle o^fJome was after furrendered to the Englifli men. The lofte of thefe men neither moved the Governour,nor yet t"he Billiop his baftard brother, bragging, That they would revenge the matter well enouch upon the morrovvt for they had hands enow (no word of God) the Englifli hereticks hadm faces, they rvottld not abide. Upon the Stiturd/iy the Annies of both fides paft to Array. TheEnglifti Army takes the middle part of /'/«"'//«'(^^//A having their Ordnance planted before them, and having their Ships and two Galleys brought as neer the Land, as wa- ter vvouldTerve. The Scotifh Army ftood firft in a reafonablc ftrength, and good order, having betwixt them and the Englifh Army the water of £sk ( otherwife called Mu([ylburgh water ) But at length a charge was given , in the Governours behalf, with found of Trumpet , That all men fliould march forward, and go over the water. Some fiiy that this was procured by the Abbot of Dunfermeling , and Mafter Hew Rig , for prcfcrvation of Carbarrie. Men of judgement liked not the journey • for they thought it no wifedom to leave their ftrcngth. But eommandmcnt upon commandment , and charge upon charge was given , which urged them fo, that unwillingly they obeyed. The Earle of Atigw being in the Vant-guard , had in his company the Gentlemen of Fyfe , of Angus, Mearnes, and the Weftland, with many others, that of love reforted unto "* him ; and efpecially thofe that were profeflbrs of the Gofpel , for they fuppofed that £»^/W would not have made great purfuitof him. He paffed firft thorow the water, and arrayed his Hoft, aired before the ene- mies ; Followed the Earle of Huntley^ with his Northland men : Laft come the Governour, having in his company the Earle of Argyle^ with his own friends, and the Body of the Uealme. The Englifti-men perceiving the danger, and how that the Scotifh-raen intended to have taken the top of the hill, made to prevent the perill. The Lord G'r4y was commanded to give the charge with his men at Armes , which he did, albeit the hazard was very unlikely. Tor the Earle of Angus Hoft ftood even as a wall, and received the firft aflaulcers , upon the points of their Spears (which The^rcpuife of wctc longcr then thofe of the Englifli- men) fo rudely, that fifty Horfe and of i-^Mrf'"'" "?^" '^^ ^^} ^^'^ ^'^^^ ^^y ^^^^ ^^ °"^^5 without any hurt done to the Scot- tifli Armie , except that the Spears of the former two Ranks were broken. Which Difcomfiture received, the reft of the Horfe-men fled , yea , fome pafTcd beyond Frnfide Htll • the Lord Gray hira- klfc was hurt in the mouth , and pi; inly denied to chage againc 5 tor he faid, I: was alike to run agaitift a Wall. The Gaileyes and • the Lib.i. of Religion in the %ealme of Scotland . 87 the fliips, and fo did the ordnance , planted upon M^de-hill flioot terribly A n in But the ordnance of the Gallies fhootin? amongft^the Scom/h Army af' -^"^^^ fraicd them wondcrourty. And while that every man laboured to draw '^'^ * from the North , from whence the danger appeared , they be^^in to faile and with that were the EnglifJ) foot-men marching forward • Albeit that fome of their horfe-men were upon the flight. The Earle of Jitz^- army flood ftill , lookmg that either fiimly or the Governour fliould have re countred the next battel!. But they had decreed that the favourers of £«?• W, and the Hcreticks (as the priefts called them) and the E»^l;(hmeft fhould part it betwixt them for that day. The fcare rifeth , and at an in- ftant, they which before were vi unto Frances ( fiic/j policie is ne falfhoodin Princes) for good peace flood httw'ixt France and England. And the King of /"r/rwff approved nothing that they did. The chiefe men to whom the conducting of the Army was appointed , were Mo)ifieiir Dandelott , Monfieur de Termes , and Peter Strou. In their journey they made fome hardiip upon the coafl of £w?-/-jW, but it was not great. They arrived in ScotUnd Ivi May, in the 1549, yeere of our Lord 1545). The Galhes did vifit the Fort of Brougktey "but did no more at that time. Preparations were made for the ficge of UddiYigton^ but it was another thing, that they meant, as the iflfue declared. Thcparlii- The whole body of the Realm affembled , the form of a Parliament was "jX^as ^"^^ ^^ ^^ holden there, to wit, in the Abbey o^Hadmgton. The principall >/j .ugton. j^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^j^^ Marriage of the PrincelTe ( by the State before contraded to King Edward) to the King of Francz^^ and of her prefent deliveric, by ^ reafonof the danger fhe flood in , by the invafioa of the old enemies of England. Some were corrupted with buds , fome deceived by flattering promife, and fome for fear were compelled toconfent; for tht French- Note. Souldiers were the officers of Arms in'that Parliament. The Laird of Balcleuch , a bloody man , with many Gods-wounds , fwore , They that rvoitldnot confent, fbould dorvorfe. The Governourgot the Title of Duke of Chattelherauld, with the order of the Cockle^ and a Penfion of 1 2000* lib. turn. withafuUdilchargcof all intermiflfions, with King ^awes the fift his treafure and fubflance whatfbever, with pofleffion of the Caflle of Bumhartanc^ , till that iffue Hiould be feen of the Queenes body. With-'^ TheD.ikes ^^''fi ^'^^ <'^^^^ Conditions fiood he content to fell his Sever a>gne but of his faaandwhdt own hands , which in the end will be his deftrudion. God thereby pu^ ioliow7her°of "'f^iig his former wickednefTc (if fpeedie repentance prevent not Gods' ' judgements, which we heartily wifli ) Himtly^ Argyle^ andJnguf^ were; likewife made Knights of the Cockle •, and for that and other good deeds Fnpericnco rcccivcd, they fold alfo their part. Shortly none was found to refifl that amlTuat'' unj'-ifttlemand. And fo was flie fold to go to /"r/iwf -, To the end, thar wiU dcthrc. in her youth , flie fliould drink of that liquor that fhould remain with her , all her life time for a plague to this Realm , and for her own ruine. And therefore albei: that now a fire cometh out of her , that confumes many, let no man wonder flie is Gods hand, in his difpleafure punifhing our for- mer ingratitude. Let men patiently abide Gods appointed time, and turn unto him with hear^ repentance , then God will furcly flop the fire that now comes from her, by fudden changing her heart to deal favourably With his people •, or elfe by taking her away , or by flopping her to go on in her coutfc by fuch meanes as he fhall think meet in his v^^ifdom , for he having all in his hand difpofeth of all, and doth with all according to his Lib. I. o/lje/igion in the l^ealme of Scotland. 89 been raifcd up by bis hands to punidi his people -, But when they turned :l unto him vv.th he;irty repentance , he either turned the heart of the Prince """"^ to de.>l kindly with his people , orelfe did take him away , or at leaft did ^^'VXr. ftop his violent cour c againft his people. Of this , the examples arc fo frequent, that we fparc to name them heere. But to rcturne to our ■ ■ This concliifion. That our Queene (without further delay) fliouldbe delivered to Frmce The fiege con inued, great fliooting, but no a 'ault- Th» fi^ge of ing,and yet they had fair occafion offered unto them. For the Endfh men ^^'"V"^ approaching to the Town, for the com forting of the befiegcd, A^th pow- der, viauals,and men, loft an Army of fix thoufand men. Sir Robert Borves T«fd,v« was taken and the moft part of the borderers were taken or ([.{m. And ch.t > fomight the Town juftly havedefpaircd of any further fuccour to have been looked for. But yet it held good for the ftout courage and prudent government of Sir ^ames Wolford Gcneral.who did fo incourage the whole Caprains and Souldiers,that thev determined to die upon their walls But from the time that the Frc»ch-mert had gotten the Bone , for the which -he Bo^ harked.xht purfuir of the Town was flow.The fiegc was raifed and the Q ncen fhe was conveyed by the weft fcas to France M:h 4 Gallies & fome bhips , And lo the Cardinall of Loratne got her in his keeping a morlell I aflure you , meet for his own mouth. We omit many things that oc- curred n this tim., as the fitting down of the Ship, called, The^Cardinall ( the faireft Ship ip France ) betwixt S. Colmes Inch and Cramond, without any occafion except negligence, for the day was fiire and weather cal me. But God would (hew th^^t th. Countrey of Scotland can beare no Cardi- ^t.' 'l;/7cu'"'i'u''^^^'''r '''"'' ^ ^^'"^^^ ^«^'^t the Gallies and the " ' £W7/,Ships. They (hot frankely a while. An £»^//yj Ship took fire, or elfe the Ga lies had come ftiort home, and as it was, they fled without mercy, till that they were above S.C<;/».w/w/a The Captaincs left the O^lhes and took a Fort, made in the Inch, for their defence. But n^"v Ships made no purfuit f except that thev burnt the Cardi- nall , where flie lay ) and fa the Gallies and the Galley-men did both ^ Order vvas taken that the next September fome Gallies fliould remain m ScotLwd^znd that the reft fliould return to France,z% thev did all except one that was taken by an E.^l^jh Ship, ( by an E»ghp, Ship, onely we fay ) as they were paflTing betwixt Dfl^j^r and C4/,v^. . That winter remained Mo^fieur de Arfe in Scotland .with the bands of French-mm. They fortified Enneresle, to ftay the EngU\h that they fhould not invade Ednburgh and Le^fth. Some skirmifiies there were betwixt the one and the other, but no notable thin? done , except that the French had a! moft t^ken tiadmgton -, The occafion whereof was this • ■ Iht French men thinking themfelves more then mafters in all parts of ScrtUnd , and in Edinburgh principally , thought they could doe no wrong to no Scottifh-man. For a certaine French-man delivered 3 Col- vtxmgioaeorge Tod, Scottifh-man, to be ftocked , who bringing ic thorow the ftrcet . another French-man claimed it , and would have taken it from the faid Georges ^ but he refifted, alleadging that the N Frirtch- ^ The Hijlorie of the %eformation Lib . i ' rTr^rf«f/^-w4;, did wrong: Thus began parties to aflfemble, as well to the ■^""^ Scow(h- mnn as to the French , (o that two ot the French-mcj, were ftnckcn '^^^^^^ down and the reft chafed from the Croffe to Nudns-mnde-head. The Pra^ voft being in the ftreec, apprehended two of the French, and was carrying thera to the Tolbuith, but from Monfieur de Epes lodging, or clofe, iffucd forth French-men , to the number ot threefcore perfons , with drawn fwords and refiftcd the faid Provoft. Then the Town affcmbling , re- pulfed them, till that they came to the nether Borv. And there Monfieur de U Ckip'lle, with the whole bands o^ French-men armed rccountrcd the faid Provoft and violently repulfed him (for the Town was without weapons, ]uJc&Z for the moft pdrt ) and fo made invafion upon all that they met. And firft •ftheCaftieoi in the entrie of the Bow were flain David Kyrk, and David Barber ( being at EMur^h. ^^^ Provofts back ) and afterward was flain the faid Provoft himfelf, be- in f' Laird of Stanehoufe > and Captain of the Caftle , ^amis Hamilton his fon, William Chafman, M. William Stuart^ William. Purveffe , and a woman named Elizabeth Stuart. And thereafter tarried within the Town by force, from five of the clock till after fcven at night , and then retired to the' Cannon gate, as to their receptacle and refuge. The "whole Town, yeathe Governourand Nobility commoved at the ■ unworthineffe of this bold attempt, craved juftice upon the malefadlours, \ or clfc they would take juftice of the whole. The Queen craftily enough, Monfieur de Epe, and Monfieur Dofed^ laboured for pacification,and promi- fed , That unlcfte the French-men by themfelves alone, fliould do fuch an aft as might rccompence the wrong that they had donej that then they fliould not refufe, but that juftice fhould be executed to the rigour. Theft fdire mrds pleafcd our fools, and fo were the French bands the next night di- reded to Hadington^to the which they approched a little after midnight fo fecrctly, that they were never efpied till that the foremoft were within the outer Court, and the v/hole Company in the Church-yard , not two paire of Buts length diftant from the Town. The Souldiers Englifh-men were all afleep except the watch,the which was flendcr ^and yet the fhout arifes, Hiiiiitn ii- Borves and Bils, Bowes And B'tls ^ which is fignification of extreme defence,to rJdieTiMf'fc^ avoide the prefeat danger in all Towns of war. They affrighted arife^wca- pons that firft came to hand ferve for the n«ed. One amongft many came to the Eafi-gAte, where lay two great peeces of Ordnance , and where the | enemies were known to be , and cried to his fellows, that were at the gate making defence. Bervare before ^ and fb fires a great pecce, and thereafter another, which God fo conduced, that after them was no furtlier purfuit made: for the Bullets redounded from the wall of the Frier-Church, to the wall of S. Kathcrtnes Chappell, which ftood directly «ver it, and from the wall of the faid Chappell to the faid Church wall again, fo oft, that there fell more then an hundred of the French at thofc two fhots onely. They (hot oft t, but the French retired with diligence, and returned to Edinburgh without harmc done,except the deftrudion of fome drinking Beere,which lay in the Sands,ChappelI,and Church. And this was fatisfaftion more "^'^" «"0"gh,^or the flaughtcr of the forefaid captain, and Provoft,and for the fliughter of fuch as were flain with them. This was the beginning of the frf»f/v fruits. This Jb. I. of Religion in the "^alme o/" Scotland. 9 1 This winter,in the time o£ Chriftmas^ was the Caftle oiHume recovered A «f-ir| m the EngliOi,bv the neghgence of the Captain, named Dudley. This i^^^^^^ .vinteraHo did the Laird of Kaith moft innocently fiiffer , and after was The recover/ 'orfakedjbecaufe that he wrote a Letter to his Ton ^ohn Mdvin, who then °'^^'^^ ^aftio ,vas in England, which was alleadged to have been found in the houfe of ° ^'"^' OrmejIonS^^ many fufpefted the pranks and craft ox Niman Cokhurne,no\v Thedesihor called Captain N/nian, to whom the faid Letter was delivered. But how- ^Ife*'"***^ foever it was, the cruell bead the Bifhop of S. Andrews, and the Abbot of I!iwfcrmeli)ig^ ceafed not, till that the head of that noble man was ftriken from him •, efpscially, becaufe that he was known to be one that unfained- ly favoured the Truth of Gods Word, and was a great friend to thofe that were in the Caftle of S.Andrews, of whofc deliverance, and of Gods won- derfi'li woiking with them during the time of their bondage, we will now fpeak, left that in fupprefllng of fo notable a work of God,we fliould juft- ly be accufed of ingratitude. Firft then,the principalis being put in feve- , rail houfes , as before we have faid, great labours were made to make them men "f Thofe' have a good opinion of the Maife : But chiefly, travell was taken upon of the Caftie Norman Leflie,iht Laird o^ Grange^ the Laird ofPitmi/lie, who were in the °f ^- ^'^"^'^'> Caftle of Scherlsburgh., that they would come to Mafte with the Captain : Capmity!"^ Who anfwered, That the Captain had commandment to keep their bodies , hut he had no power to command their confciences. The Captain replyed , That Note, ht had power to command^and to compel them to go where he went. 'Xhty anfv/er- edjThattogoto any lawfull place with him, they would not refttfe : Bat to do any thing that was againft their conference , they would not , neither for him, tior yet for the King. The Captain faid. Will ye not go to the Ma[fe ? They anfwered, No •, and if ye compellus^ yet we will difpleafe you farther ; for rve will vfe ourfelves there , thvt all thofe that areprefentfliall know we defpife it. Thele fame anfwcrs (and fomewhat fliarper) William Kirkcaldie, Peter Carmichell^ and fuch as were with them in Mount S. M'.chell.^ gave t6 their Captaine ^ for they faid. They would not o^ely heare c^^affe every day, hut that they would help to fay it , providing that they might fiicke the Priejls, or clfe they would not. M. llenr-j Balnaves, who was in the Caftle o? Roan^ was moft Charp- lyaiTuiltcd of all •, for becaufe he was judged learned (as he was and is indeed) therefore learned men were appointed to travell with him • with whom he had many conflids, but God fo ever alTifted him, that they de- parted confounded, and he by the power of Gods Spirit remained con- ftant in the Truth, and profeffing of the fame , without any v/avering, or declining to Idolatry. In the prifon he wrote a comfortable Treatife of ^ ■ JaHification , and of the works and converfation of a man juftified ^ ^^^* which is extant to this day. Thofe that were in the Gallics , were threatned with torments , if they would not give reverence to the Mafte (for at certain times the Maffe was faid in the Gallies, or elfe hard by up- on the fliore, in prefence of the Forfaris ) but they could never make the poorcft of that company to give reverence to that IdoU ; yea, when up- on the Saturday at night they fung their Salve Regina., all the Scotini men j^^.. put on their caps , their hoods, or fuch things as they had to cover their xhisbookwas heads-& when that others were compelled to kifle a painted boord(which printed 15*4. they called nope Dame) they were not prefled after once ;, for this was the V ^Jf'^,"'^''' N 2 chance. - ^he HtJhoofthe'Kelormation J_ib.P "^ 'chance Soon after tlicir arrivall at N^ms , their great fdve was fong, -^""^ Atid a clorious painted Lady was brought in to be lifTcd ; and amongft o- i' ''^T^v' thcrs was prcfcntcd to ore of the Scotifli men then chained. He gently "''O f*«- ^,_^.^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ _ i^^^Ij ^^^.^ji ^ accurfed, atid therefore I rvillmt touch it. The Patron and the Arguifer, with two Officers, having the chief charge of all fuch matters, faid,r/;tf«/^Wr/-''*«^^<''^- and fo they violently thruft to Note, his face, and put ic betwixt his hands. Who feeing tl-c exf rcinity, took the Idollj and advifcdly looking about him, he caft it into the Rivcr,a'.,d faid , Let our Lady now jave her [elf e -, J]}e is light er.oHgh^ let her harm to (ivim,A Aftc'r that was noScotifh man urged with that Idolatry. Thefc are things! th.it appear to be of no great importance 5 and yet if we do rightly con- fidcr,they cxpreflc the fame obedience that God rcquiitth of his people Iff^l] when they iliould be carried to Bdjlon : for he gave charge untO' ]crem. lo. ^,^^^ ^ When they fhould fee the Babjlomans worfhip their gods of gold '(ilvcr , metall , and wood , they fliould fay , The gods that have not made heaven andearth^fhallferiflifrom the heaven , and out of the earth. Thac confciTion gave that whole number, during the time of their bondage, in the which would God they had continued in tl>eir fr ecdomc j for then had not M. '^-ames Balfour been Official , ncichcr yet born a Cope for the , , . pleafureof theBifhop. But to proceed : The faid M. J-ames Bdfottr be- ing in the Galley with ^ohn Kmx -, and being wonderous familiar with him,woi!!d oftentimes ask his judgement , if he thought that ever tkyjliofild be delivered? Whofe anfwer was ever, from the day that they entrcd into -the Gallies, That God would deliver them from that bondage , to higgler j , even in this life. And lying betwixt D//W/C and S. Andrews, thcfecond time that the Gallics returned to Scotland., the faid lohn Knox being fo extreme- Qvaw-M rnuiia ^^ ^^^^' ^^^^ ^^"^ hopcd his lifc, the faid Maftcr lames willed him to look funtyi''o.-am to the Land, and asked if he knew it ? whoanfwered, Tes,Iknowit mil, mtU 6^c. ^Qf I jgg {ije Steeple of that place, where God in publike opened wy mouth to hiiglo' Npteciiligfnt- fj : Andlamfullfperfwaded, hew weake foever that I now appeare, that ffhJl fie'''^ ^'"^"P'"^" fot depart this Ife , till that my tongue fhallglorifie his holy Nrme in tl^t fame place. This reported the faid M. lames, in the prefence of many famous witncffes , many ycers before thac ever the forefaid lohn fee his feet in Scotland this laft time to Preach. mhitKjioxWti WillLm Kirkcaldie, then of Grange jjounger, Peter Carmichell, Robert and co.tn"iuothe^'''^'''"-^''/'"> wi'.o wcre altogether in Mount S.Mi<:A^//, wrote to ^ohn captives. Knox, asking counfcU if they might with fafe confciencc break their pri- fon i Whofe anfwer was, 7 hat tf without the bleod of anyped or jpilt by them for their dcLvnance, they might fet themfelves atfreedome, that they might fafely do it I But topped any mans blood for their freedom .^ thereto would he never confent. Adding further , That he was aflurcd that God would deliver them,aDd the reft of that company, even in the eyes of the world, but not by fuch means as they looked for. That was by the force of friends,or by their ^? k '^'^o"'^". By fuch means he affirmed , they fhould not be deliver- ed, but that God would fo work in in the deliverance cf them, that the prailc thereof fhould redound to his glory onely. He willcth therefore every one to take the occafion that God offered unto them. Providing that they did nothing againft Godscxprelle Commandment for deliver- ance Lib . I. of%eltgion in the %ealme of Scotland . ^ 3 ance of themfelvcs. He was the more carncft in giving his counfcll, be- /\nnr» caufe the old Laird oi Grange znd others repugned to their purpofc ; fear- -^^^"-^ ing led that the efcaping of the others , Ihould be an occafion of their ^-'^'/"'W worfc cntreatment. Whcrcunto the faid lohn an/wcred. That fuch fcare proceeded not from Gods Spirit,but only from a bjinde love of thy fclf, and therefore that no good purpofc was to be ftaycd , for things th.it were in the hands andfmver of God, And added, That in one inftanr, God deliver- ed the whole company into the hands of unfaithflill men , but fo would he not relieve them : But fome would he deliver by one means , and at onetime, and others muft abide for afcafon upon his good plcafurc. This counfcll in the end was embraced, upon the Ktngs even, when ^^^^^^'^^'^^^'^jj French men commonly ufe to drinkc liberally. The aforefaid four per- I'rimicRoy fons having the help and conducting of a boy of the houfc, bound all '">''■ that were in the Caftlejput them in fundry houfcs,locked the doors upon of 'jf i/&M"° them, took the Keys from the Captain, and departed without harm done KjiicMnnd to the perfon of any , or without touching of any thing that appertain- f ij's fellows cd to the Kmg, Captam,or the houle. siiiniMkhcu. Great icarch was made thorow the whole Countrcy for them. But it was Gods good pleafurc Co to conduiSk thcm,that they cfcaped the hands of the faithlcllc , albeit it was with long travell, and great pain and po- verty fuftained ; for the French boy left them , and took with him the fmall money that they had : And fo neither having money , nor know- ledge of the Coumrcy . And farther/earing that the boy fliould difcover them(as that in very deed he did)they purpofcd to divide thcmfeives, to change their garmcnts^and to go in fundry parts.The two brethren,fr/7/. and Rsb.Kpe ( who now arc bccome,the faid Robert efpccially,cneraies to , . , Chrift Jcfus.and unto all vcrtuc)came x.oRoan;Wilt.Kirkaldie.,Zi\d Peter Car- mtchelL in beggars garment came to Conquet j and by the f pace of 1 2 or i ^ weeks they travelled as poor Mariners, from Port to Porr, till at length they gat a French Ship, landed in the Weft oC Scotland , and from thence came to England.^ where they met before them the faid lo. Knox^ who that fame Winter tvas delivered, and Alexander Clerk in his company. The faid lohn was firft appointed Preacher to Barrvick^ then to Newcajlk^hd he was called to London,znA to the South part of England^where he remained till the death of King Edn^ard the fixt. When he left England, he then paffed to Geneva , and there remained at his privy ftudie , till that he was called by the Congregation that then was affembled at Franckford, to be Prea- cher to them:which Vocation he obeycd(albcir unwillingly) at the com- mandment of that notable fcrvant of God, Ichn Calvin .- At Franckford he rcmaincdjtill that fomeof the learned (whofe names we fupprcfIc)morc given to unprofitable Ceremonies, thentofincerity of Religion began to quarrel! with the faid /(!?/'«; and becaufe they dcfpaired to prevail be- fore the Magiftratc there, for the eftablifhing of their corruptions, they TofliewwW accufcd him of treafon committed againft the Empcrour f and againft isconnin^d in their Soveraigne Q^cn Mary -, That in his Admonition to Englandhe cal- o'j^'f '|^°"'''' led the one little infe'riour to Nero, and the othfr more cri'ell then IfiMl • cS I'uo bs The Magiftrare perceiving their malice, and fearing that the Caid Io/j/j ?''"'":^''j^b fliould fall injthc hands of his accufators, by one mean or by other gave Hyyty!^'' N 3 adver- cA . J be Hiftory of the %e formation JLib i A ■ advcrtifcmcnt fccrctly co him to depart their City , for they could not J^nnO ^^^^ j^jj^^ j£- ^^ ^gjc required by the Empcrour, or by the Qnecn of Eng- •^^.^^ ly^^l^ the Ernperours name. And fo the faid Ioh» returned to Gefieva, from thence to D/cp, and thereafter to Scotland, as we Ihall aficr hear. The time and that Winter that the Gallies remained in Scotland , were delivered M.Iamcs Balfour his two brethrcn,I>4wWand GHbert^Iohn Anchin- Ick, lolm Sibald^ lehn Gray , . Wtlliam Gutrie , and Stevin Bell. Tiic Gentlemen that remained inprifons, were by rhc procurement of the Qiicen Dowager to the Cardinall of Loraine^^nd to the King of France, fet at liberty in the 555c month of /«/)', anno 1550. who fliortly thereafter were called to Scotland^ their peace proclaimed, and they themfelvcsreftorcd to their lands, in dcfpight of their enemies. And that was done in hatred of Duke Hamil- ton, becaufe that then /'r<2;?f£ began to have the Regiment o£Scetlandia their own hands. Howfoever it was, God made the hearts of their enc- ^''^'' mics to fct them at liberty and freedom. There refted a number of com- mon fcrvanrs yet:fltheGallieSj who were all delivered upon the Con- tradi of peace that was made betwixt France and EnglandjZfter the taking of I-u.'fen ; and fo was the whole company fet at liberty , none pcrifliing (no not before the world) except lams Melvin, who departed from the mifcry of thislifeintheCaftlcof ^rf/Zin^r/Vrf/^/zf. This wcwritc,tolet » the poJlcritie to come to underftand how potently God wrought in prc- fcrving and delivering of thofcthat had but a fmall knowledge of his truth, and for the love of the fame hazarded all. That if either we now N'otcdiii- in our dayes having greater light, or our poftcritic that Ihall follow us, ■emiv., ^^jl ^^^ ^ fcarfuU difperfion of fuch as oppofe themfclves to impiety, or take upon them to punifli the fame othcrwifc then laws of men will per- mit : If we, fay we,or they, fhall fee fuch left of men, yea, as it were dc- fpifcd and punifhed of God, yet let us not damne the pcrfons,that punifh vice (and that for juft caufe ) nor yet defpair but that the fame God that dejc^s (for caufes unknown to us) will raifc up again the pcrfons dcjed- cd to his glory & their comfort. And to let the world underftand in plain riie n.iuffhtfr terms what we mean, that great abufer of this Ccmmoniwealth , that to"" *'"'"" ptiltron, and vile knave D^i/if, was juftlypunillied the ninth o( March, in theyccrof our Lord 1565. for abufing of the Common wcalth,and for his other villanics, which we lift not toexprefTe, by the counfell and hands of Lmes Bewgl/ts Earl of 24ortctw, Patrick Lord Lindfay^znd the Lord Jlutf}wcn,^Nkh other aflifters in the company,who all for their juft: a(ft,and moft worthy of all praife, are now unworthily left of all their brethren, and fuffcr the bittcrncs of banifhmcnt & exile But this is our hope in the mercies of our God,That this fame blindc Generation whether ic will or • not,fli ill be compelled to fee, That be will have refpcr. dJa.0,1. now called clerk o( KcgiAtr ^Sinclare Dean oi Leprrig,^nd B' . o^Brechen, blindc Lib. 1. ofLid'tgim in the iienlme of Scotland . ^ % blinde of one eye in the body, but of both of his foul , upon whom God A nno fliortly after took vengearcc. Leflie Preiflefgate, Abbot of Lendro(fc^ and ^->^-,k - 'B'\(h pofRoffe. Simofj Prefioft, of CragmilUr^ arightEpicurim: Whofe ^*^^ end will be ere it be long according to their works. But now to return to /OurHiftory. Hadtng^en being kept , and much hcarfiiip done about in the Coun- trcy (for what the £«^///7j-»?f»deftroyed not, that was confumcd by the French) Cod begins to fight for Scotland : For in the Town he fent a -Plague fo contagious , that with great diificultie could they have their dead buried. They were oft refreflied with new men, but all was in vain. Hunger and plague within, and the piirfuit of the enemy with a campe vo- lant lay about them, and intercepted all viAuals ( except when they were brought by a Convoy from Banvick ) fo conftrained them that the Coun- cel'i of EngUnd was conpelled in the fpring time,to call their Forces from that place. And fo fpoiling and burning fome part of the Town , they left it to be occupied toi fuch as firft fliould take poflfeflion, and thofe were the French-men, with a meane number of the ancient inl'abicants , and fo did God pcrforme the words and threatnings ot M. George Wifchard, who faidj That for that contempt of Geds Meffejiger, they flyould be -vifited with [word ^ole. and fire, with pefiilence ^ jhmgen and famine -, All which they found in fuch perfediion , that to this day yet , that Town hath neither recovered the former beauty , nor yet men of fuch wifdom and ability, as thea did inhabit it. Hereafter was Peace contra(5ted betwixt Frame^ England, 2nd Scotland-^ yea, afeverallPeacc was contraded betwixt Scotland jLnd. Flanders together with all the Eafier lings. So that Scotland had peace with theworld. But yet would their Billiops make War againft God: Foras foone as ever they got ailyquietneffe, they apprehended Adam Wall acc^y alias, Fian, a fimple man without great learning, but one that was zealous in godlineffe, and of an upright life : He, with his wife Beatrice Leving- ttonne , frequented the company of the Lady Ormefion , for inftrudion ot ' her children, during the trouble of her husband, who then was bani(}icd. This Baftard , called Bifliop of S. Andrews , took the faid Adam forth of the pi ce ot Wanton ( men fuppofcd that they thought to have apprehen- ded the Lairdc ) and carried him to Edinburgh , where after certain dayes he was prcfcnted to judgement in the Church of the^/^f/f-^rTheeves, Theaccufition aliof^ Friers, before Duke Hamilton^ the Earle oifinntly^ and divers others "i ^dt'iK'tatcc befides. The Bishops and their rabble, they began to accufe him ( Mafter f^,'' *"" ^ohn Lawder was his accufator ) That he took upon him to Preach. He anfwer- cd. That he never judged himfelfe worthy of fo excellent a vocation,and therefore he never took upon him to Preach t but he would not deny, that fomctimes at Tabic , and fometimes in forae other privic places he would reade and had read the Scriptures, and had given fuch exhortation as God pleafed to give to him , to fuch as pleafed to heare him. Knave, Th«T-api<«;c»tf quoth one, Whathaveyoutodotomeddlc'withthe Scripture^ I think, minncr ,fac« ( (aid he ) it is the dutie of every Chriftian , to feek the will of his Cod, ™'^«'"»' andtheaffuranceof his falvation where it is to be found, and that is with- in the Old and New Teftament. Whnt then (faid another) fha'l we leave to the Bifhops and Church-men for to do i if tvery man fliall be a babler upon o6 ^heHifiory of the %e formation Lib.i, A rit^rx I'Pon the Bible. It becometh you ( faid he ) to fpeak more reverently of J^UUJ ^^j .j^j Q^- j^ij blelTed Word : if the Judge were uncorrupted he would ^^^^^'^^^^ piinifii you, for your blafphemie. But to your Queftion, I anfwer -, That albeit ye and I, and other five thouflind within this Realm fhould read the Bible, and fpeak of it , what God (hould give us to fpeak ,■ yet left we moretotheBidiopstodo, then either they will do , or can do. For we have to them publike'y to Preach the Gofpel of Jefus Chrift, and to feed the flock, which he hath redeemed by his own blood, and hath com- manded the fame to all true Paftors. And when wc leave this unto them, me thinks, wc leave to them a heavie burden •, And that we do unto them no wronfT , although we fcarch our own falvation where it is to be found, confidcring that they are but dumb Dogs, and tmptvory Salt, that hath al- together loft the feafon. The BiHiops'liereat offended , faid, What pra- ,, ling is this I Let his accufation be read. And then was begun^ F.tlfe Trai- AlimirMt'jct f'"'' Hcreticke % Thou BAftizcdfl thine civn Ch/Ui' ■. Thou faidft , There ii ho his aocufaiions Purgutory •, Thou faidfi , That to pray to Saints , and for the dead , is Idolatry, andaniwers, and avaine Sitperfittion, CTC. What fayeft thou to thefe things. Hean- fwcrcJ , If I fhould be bound to anfwer , I would require an upright and an indiiferent Judge. The Earle o1 Biintly difdainefuUy faid-, Foolifli man. Wilt thou defire any other Judge then my Lord Dukes Grace, great Governour of ^fo//.«W- and my Lords the Bifliops, and the Clergie here • prcfent < Whereto he anfwered •, The Bifliops can be no Judges to me, for chey are open enemies to the Dodrinc that I profeffe. And as for my Lord Duke,I cannot tell whether he hath the knowledge that fliould be in him that fhould judge and difcern betwixt Lies and the Trueth.the Inven- tions of men , and the true vvorfhipping of God. I defire Gods Word (and with that he produced the Bible) to be judge betwixt the BifliopS and me , and I am content that ye all hear •, and if by thisBookc I fliall be convinced, to have taught, fpoken, or done , in matters of Religion, any thing that repugneth to Gods will, I refufe not to die. But if I can- not be convinced (as I am affured by Gods Word I fliall not ) then I in Gods name defire your affiftance. That malicious men execute not upoa me unjuft Tyrannic. The Earle of Huntley faid, What a babling foolc is this •: Thou flialt get none other Judges then thefe that fit here. Where- unto the faid -4^4w anfwered • The good will of God be done : But be Tlete. yc affured , my Lord , with fuch meafure as ye mete to others , v/ith the fame meafure it fliall be met to you againe. I know that I fliall die, but be yc affured , that my blood fhall be required at your hands. Alexander, Earle of Glencarne, yet alive, faid to the Bifhop of Orkney, and others that theEaHe'rf' ^^^^ "i§^ '^'"^. Take heed all you my Lords of the Clergie, for here I pro- citmmu teft, for my part, that Iconfentnottohisdeath : And fo without fcare prepared the faid ^^;?/./W, communed with him at length, and gave record whcp Oic eamc to this Realmc , That flie found more wifdome and foh'de j.idaement in young'King fJivard, then flie would have looked for in any three Princes that were then in Eiyfopc, His liberality toward the godly and learned that were in other llcalmsperfccuted was fuch , as Germms, rrencij-7De?t,Italia>is,Scots^ Rpamnrds, Palomans, Grecuins^ and Ilehmvs born, can yet ^ive fulTicicnt document. Tor how honourably was Martm Bucer, Vctcr Martyr, [feha Al4co,BmMHelGudter^is,mdvad.nY Qi]^ers,\^^pon his pub- Iike ftipends entertained, their parents can witneffe , and they themfelves during their lives would never have denied. After the death of this mo(t vertuous Prince , of whom the godlefTe people o'cEngLmd ( for the moll: pare ) were not worthy, Satan intended nothing lefle then the light of Je- lus Chrift utterly to have been ejjtinguiflied within the whole Ifle of Bn- UJ». For after him was raifed up in Gods hot difpleafure,that Idolatrelle and mifchievous M.iry of the Spaniards blood, a cruell perfecutrix of Gods people , as the afts of her unhappy reigne can fufficiently wicnefTe. And in SceiUttdx.h:ii fame time ( as we have heard ) reigned that crafty pradi- fer, Mdry of Lorainc , then nained Regent of ScotLwd , wh'o bound to the devotion of her two brethren,the Duke of Gieife^md Cardinall o^Lorjim, did onely abide the opportunity to cue the throat of all thofe, in whom Ihe fufpedled any knowledge of God to be within the Realme of Scot- Lwd. And fo thought Satan that his kingdome of darkncffe v/as iij ciuietnefle and reft , as well in the one Realme as in the other. But that provident eye of our eternal! God , who continually watches for prefer- vation of his Church,did Co order all things,that Satan fnortly after found hirnfclfe faire difappointed of his conclufion taken. For in that cruell t^hc'dMih^of" perfecution ufed by Queen Mary of England,\\tXQ godly men difperfed in- Kha, Fj-9.:rd to divers nations : of whom it pleafed the goodnefle of God to fenjd fbme ^Jl"hTnsc unto us for our comfort and inftruiftion. And firft came a ilmpleman, LIT ' • ' Willtam H'arLiw^ whofc erudition, although it e-xcell not, yet for his whole and diligent plainneffe in Dodrine, is he to this day worthy of praife, and remaines a fruitfull member within the Church of Scotland. After hira came that notable maq lohn WiHocks , as one that had fome Commiffion to the Queen Regent , from the Dutchefle oiEmden. But his principall purpofe was to eftay what God would worke by him in his native coun- trey. Thefe two did fometimes in feverall companies affemble the bre- thren, who by their exhortations began greatly to be encour3ged,and did ■ fliew that they had an earneft thirft of godlineffe. And laft came Ioh» Knox in the end of the harveft,.^««5 1 5 5 5. who firft being lodged in the houfe of that notable man of God lanm Sime^ began to exhort fecretly in that fame houfe,whercunto repaired the Laird oiDun, David Forrejfe, and fome cer- f.iixuhtihj. ^^"■i pcrfonages of the Town,amoogft whom was Elizjdeth Adamfo», then dmfm, ^nd fpoufe to Umcs Barronc Burgcffe o'iEdir.hurgh^ who by reafon that flie had lici death. ^ troubled confcience delighted much in the company of the faid lohn, becauie that he, according to the grace given urito him,Oj.>ened more fully the Fpuntaineof Gods Mercies, thsn did the common fort of Teachers^ that Lib. I. of %eligion in the "^alme of Scoxhnd* 99 th'at Hie had heard before ( for flie had heard noneexxcpt Friers ) and did _/^finO with fiich greedinefTe drinke thereof, that at her death Hie did expreffe the fi'uitof her hearing, to the great comfort of all thofe that repaired unto '-^^'"V'^ her. For albeit Hie fuffered rnoft grievous torment in her body, yet out of her mouth was heard nothing,but praifingof God, except that foiiiecimes flic lamented the troubles of thofe that were troubled by her. Being fome- times demanded by her fifters s What fhe thought of that pain which (he then fuffered in body, in refpedl of that wherewith fometimes flie was trou- bled in fpirit. She anfwered, A thoufandyeere of this torment, A»d ten times more joined tinto it, ts not to he compared to the quarter of an hoitre that I fuffered in my fpirit. I thanke my God, through ^efus Chriji , that hath delivered me from that fearful, pain , and welcome he this , even fo long as it pleafeth hi.s godly Majeflie to exercffe me thereivith. A little before her departure, Hie defired her fifters and fome others that were befide her, to fing a Plalme, andamongft others {lie appointed the 103. Pfalme , beginning , Myfottk praife thou the Lord alrvayes , which ended , flie faid. At the Teaching of this rfalme , began my troubled fouler , firjl effectually totafte of the mercy of my God ^ which now to me is tnore frveet artd precioui ^ then if all the king- domes of the earth xvere given Po Ine to pofjejfe them 4 thoufand yeeres.- The Priefts urged'her with their Ceremonies and Superftitions. To whom Ihe anfwered , Depart from me ye Sergeants of Satan : for J have refitfed, and in your own prefence doe rcfufe all your abominations. That which you call your Sacrarrient , and Chrifts body ( as ye have deceived us toheleeve in times pafl ) is nothing but an Idoll , and hath nothing to do with the ri^ht Jnjiitution of ^efus Chrifi , and therefore ift Gods Nante I command you not to trouble me. They departed, alleadging. That flic raved, andwifl not what flie faid. And fhe fhortly after flept in the Lord Jefus , to no fmall comfort of thofe that faw her blelTed departing. This we could not omit of this worthy woman , who gave fo notable a Confeflion , be- fore that the great light of Gods Word did univerfally fliinethorowout this Rcalme. At the firft coming of the faid ^ohn Knox, he perceiving divers who had a zeale to godlineffe , make fmall fcruple to go totheMaffe, or to communicate with the abufed Sacraments in the Papifticall manner, be- gan as well in privie Conference as in Preaching, to fliew the impie- ■tie of the MalTe , and how dangerous a thing it was , to communicate in any fort with Idolatrie : wherewith the confcienceof fome being af- frighrcd , the matter began to be agitate from man to man. And fo was the faid ^ohn called to Supper, by the Laird of Dun , for that fame purpofe , where were affembled David Forreffe , Mafter Robert Lockart. ^ohn Willocke, and William Mait land of Lethington younger, a manor good Learning , and of fharpe wit and reafoning. The Queftion was Propofed , and it was anfwered by the faid ^ohn-. That in no wife it Was lawfull to a Chrijtian to prefent himfclfe to that Idoll. Nothing was omitted that might ferve for the purpofe, and yet was every head Co fully anfwered, and efpecially one, whercunto they thought their great de- Note. fence ftood : To wit , That Paul at the commandment of^ames, and of the Elders oi ^erufalcm , paffed to the Temple, and faincd himfelfe to O a . pay loo* * The Hiftorit^of the ^cfonmtion Lib . i 7\ nno P^y f^'5 v^^vv with others. This,we fay, and other things, were fo fully an- /iJ4r fwcred, that Wtlliim Ayi'V/Wconcluded/aying, I fee very perfectly that our ^^^^^^ Pufts wJllferve nothing before God , feeing th.Jt they (Idridm info fma/lficad bc- ' fort mert. The anfwer of ^»hn Knox to the heft o^Paul , and to the corn- Note, mandment of ^nmes was ; That Pauls f-idt had nothing to do with their eoin" to Malfe. For to pay Vowes was fometimes Gods Command- mentt as was never Idolatry : But their MafTe from the originall, was,and remained odious Idolatry -, Therefore the fadl was moftunllke. Secon- darily, faidhe, I greatly doubt whether either ;7^rf/»?^ his commandment or Pauls obedience, proceeded of the holy Ghofi : We know their coun- liote, fell tendeth to this , That Paul would fliew himfelfe one that obfervcd di- ligently the very fmall points of the Law, to the end he might purchafe to himfelf thefavoiirs of-the Jews, who were offended at him, by rcafon of tlie bruites that were fprcacj. That he taught defedion from Mofes. Now while he obeyed their counfell, he fell into the moft defperate danger that ever he fuftained before-, whereby it was evident , That God approved not that mean of reconciliation •, but rather , that he plainely declareth. That evil fliould not be done , that good might come of it. Evil it was for Paul toconfirme thofe obftinate Jewes in their Superftition by his example •, worfe it was to him to expofe himfelfe and the Dodrine which before he had taught to {lander and mockage. And therefore concluded the faid ^ehn. That the fa<5t ofPaul^ and the fequell that thereof followed, . appeared rather to fight againfl them that would go to the MafTe, then to give unto them any affurancc to follow his example-, unlcffe that they would that the like rouble fhould inftantly apprehend them, that appre- hended him for obeying worldly-wife councell. After thcfe, andhke reafonings , the MaOe began to be abhorred of fuch as before ufed it for the fafliion and avoiding of flander ( as then they termed it ) ^ohn Knox, atrequeftoftheLaird of Dun, followcdhim to hisplaceof J)«», where he remained a moncth, daily exercifed in Preaching, whcreunto reforted thcprincipa'l menof thatcountrey. Afterthis returning, his refidcnce was moft in Calder, whither repaired unto him, the Lord Erskn,ihe Earlc of ArgyL\\.h^n Lord of Lome, and Lord ^ames, then Priour of S.Andrews, and after Earle of Murrey ;\^\vtxt they heard,and fo approved his Dodrine, that they wifhed it to have been publikc. That fame Winter he taught commonly in Edinburgh , and after Chriftmas , by the condudl of the l^-AirAof Bar, znd, Robert Campbell of Kingieancleuch, he came to ify/f , and taught in the Bar^ in the houfe of the Carnell, in the Kingieancleuch , in the Town of K^ir, and in the houfes of Uchiltr/e and Gathg.rth^ and in fome of them he miniftred the Lords Table. Before Eajler the Earl of Glencarne fent for him to his place of FynUflon , where after Sermon , he alfo mini- ftred the Lords Table. Whereof befideshimfelf, were partakers, his Lady, twoof his fons, and certain of his friends. And fo returned he to Calder^ where divers from Edinburgh., and from the Countrey about , af- fembled, as well for the Doftrine, as for the right ufe of the Lords Table, which before they had never pradifed. From thence he departed the fe- ccnd time to the Laird of Dun , and teaching then in greater liberty , the Gentlemen required , That he fhould minifter like wife unto them the . Tabic Lib. 1. oflieligion in the Healme of Scotland. loi Table of the Lord Jefus, where were partakers, the moft part of the Gen- Pi\\WQ tlcmen of the Mernes, who God be praifed , to this day do conftantly re- i^'^^y^*^^ main in the fame do(5trine which then they profefTed. To wit, That they rcfufed all fociety with Idolatry, and bent themfclves to the utterinoft of their powers to maintain the true Preaching of the Gofpel of Jefus Chrift, as God fliould offer unto them Preachers and opportunitie. The bruite hereof fpread ( for the Friers from all quarters flocked to the Bifliops ) the faid ^oh-4 Knox was fummoned to appear in the Church of the blacke Friers in Edinburgh, the fifteenth day of May , which day the faid ^oh;t decreed to keep , and for that purpofe ^ohft Brskin of Dun , with divers other Gentlemen affcmbled to the Town o^Sdinhurgh. But that Diet held not. For whether the Bifhops perceived informalitie in their own pro- ceedings, or if they feared danger to enfue upon their extremity , it is un- known unto us. But the Saturday before the day appointcd.they cufl their own fummons, and the faid ^ohn, the fame day of the fummons taught in JEdinburgh , in a greater audience then ever before he had done in that Town. The place was the Bifhop o^DunkelUs^ his great lodging, where he continued in Teaching ten dayes , before and after noon. The Earle of GlencArne allured the Earle of CMafrchell, who with Henry Brumrnond ( his counfellcr for that time) heard an exhortation (but it was in the night) who were fo well contented with it,that they both wil'ed the faid J-ohn to t write unto the Queen Regent fomewhat that might move her to hear the Word of God. He obeyed their defire , and wrote that which after was Kett, publifhed^ which we have caufed to be Printed at the end of this Book, and is called , The Letter to the £^een Dowager ; Which was delivered unto her own hands by the faid Alexander Earle of Glencdrnc^ •• Which Letter when fhe had read , within a day or two , flic delivered it to the proud Prelate Betone, Bifliop of Glafgorv, and faid in mdckage •, Pleafe you mj Lord to read a Pafqtiill : Which words coming to the ears of the faid ^■ohn , was.the occafion that to his Letter he made his additions , as yet may be feen. As concerning the threatnings pronounced againff her own perfon , and the moft principal! of her friends j let thcfe very flat- terers fee what had failed of all that he had written. While ^ohn Knox was thus occupied in Scotland , Letters came to him from the Englifh Church that was affembled at Genevd ( which was fcpa- rated from that fuperflitious and contentious company that was at Franck- ford) commanding him in Gods Name , as he that was their chofen Pa- Hour , to rcpaire unto them for their comfort. Upon the which the faid ^ohn took his leave from us , almoft in every congregation where before he had Preached , and exhorted us to Prayers , to Reading of the Scrip- tures, and mutuall conference, untill fuch time as God fliould give unto us greater libertic. And hereupon he fent before him to Deef , his mother in Law Elizabeth BorveSyZnd his wife Marjory ^wkh no fmall dolour of their hearts , and of many of us. He himfelfe by procurement and labours of i^ert Campell of K/ngieancleuch, remained behinde in Scotland, and paffed to the Earle of Jrgtlc^ , who then was in thecaftleC^w/)^^//, where he raught certain dayes. The Laird of Glenurquhay ( which yet liveth ) be- ing one of his audicours, willed the faid Earla of Argilc^ to rciainehim O 3 ftill. I oz The Hiftorj of the %e formation I^ib, i Anno ftilUbut he refolved on his journey, would not at chat time ftay for no re- "'i^ . qiieft,acldins, That if God bleffcd thofe fmall beginnings, and if that they ^*-^'*^^ continued in godlincffe, whenfocvcr they pleafed to command him, they flioiild finde him obedient. He fiid , that once he muft needs vifit that little flock which the wickednefle of men had compelled him to leave. And fo in the moneth of July he lefttliis Realm, and pafl: to France , and fotoCfwfv^. Immediately after, the Bifhops fummoned him , and for »o«-appeaiance burnt him in cffigic , at the CrofTe of Edinburgh , in'the 1555. ycer of our Lord 1^55. from the which unjuft Sentence the hid^ohn made his appellation , and caufed to Print the fame , and diredl it to the tiote. Nobility and Commons o^ Scotland, as yet may be read. In the Winter You will finde that thc fiiid ^ohn abode in Scotland^ appeared a Comet, the courfe thi» Appeiu- •whereof was from thc South and South-Weft, to the North and North- endVchil'^ caft. It was ktn the moneths of November, December, and January • book. It was cdWtd^The fine bofom. Soon after died Chrifiierne King o^ Denmark-, and War arofe between Scotland o^nd England, thc Commifiloners of both Realms were difappointed, who almoft thc fpace of nx moneths had been upon the conditions of Peace, and were upon a neere point of conclufion. waragamft The Quecne Regent with her Couhcell of the French faftion decreed, mcfn^fohhe" ^^"^ ^'^ ^^^ Sattell , without giving any advertifement ta the Commif- QucciiRcgcnr, fioners for the part of Scotland. Such is the fidelitie of Princes., guided by Priefs, whenfoever they feeke their omne affeciiens to be ferved. In the end of that next harveft was feen upon the borders of England 2ind Scotland a ftrange fire, which dcfcended from thc heaven, and burnt divers cornes in both the Realms, but moft in Eng- land. There.was prcfented to thc Queen Regent, by ;?c^i'r/Or?»e/?<>«^, a wotears'^'' ^^'^"^i ^^ving two heads , whereat (he skipped, and faid. It was but 4 com- '* • wen thing. The Warre began in thc end of the harveft , as is faid , and conclufion was taken that Warke fliould be affieged. The Army and Ordnance paft forward to Maxwell Hewcht. The Queen Regent remained in the Caftlc of Hume, and thinking that all things were in aftlirance, Monfieur Dofell, then Lieutenant for France, gave charge that the Canons fhould be tranfported over the water of Tweid , which was done with ex- pedition (for the French in fuch fads are expert ) but the Nobility of Thefaaofthe •^^"^^'"''^ nothing content of fuch proceedings, after confultation amongft Nobiiicyof thcmfelves, paft to the Pavilion of Monfieur Dofell, and in his own M'i^iHmcht ^"^^^ declared. That in no rva^es would they invade England. And therefore commanded the Ordnance to be retired: And fo it was without further delay. This put an affray in Monfieur Dofells breeches , and kindled fuch a fire in the Queen Regents ftomacke, as was not Well flacked till her breath failed. And thus was that enterprile fruftrate. But yet Warre con- tinued, during the which, the Gofpel of Jefus Chrift began wonderoufly to flounfh. For in Edinburgh began publikely to exhort William Harlorv, John Dowglas who had ( being with the Earle of Jrgylc^ ) Preached in ^eyth , and fometimes exhorted in Edinburgh. Paul Meafen began pub- l^nonoV" l^^^ '° ^i""^^ '" ^""^'^ ' ^"'^ ^° ^'^ '^'^"S others in J ngus ancf the •4'i!!oi{toic(n- J ^^'''^'^' And laft,at Gods good pleafure arrived ^ohn Willocke,thQ fecond imd. time trom Emden, whofc rcturnc was fo joyful! to the brethren, that their zeale Lib. I. of%cUgion in the %ealme of Scotland . 103 ^eal and godly courage daily encreafed.' < Anc! albeit he contraded a dan- A ni-jn gerous ficknefTc, yet he ceaied not from labo-jrs, hue taught and exhorted ^-v,-^. from his bed (bmc of the Nobihty ( of whom fbme are fallen back, a- ^^'^ mongft them the Lord Seatonhchk^) with rtiany Barons and Gentlemen ^^^J^"'^ *" hisauditors, and by him were godly inftruiled , and wonderoufly com- P*"'"" fortcd. They kept their conventions, and held counfeUs with fiich gravi- ty and cIofenelTe, that the enemies trembled. The Im;iges were ftollen away in all parts of the Countrey, And in Edinburgh was that great Idol Theaboiidi- 'called Saint Cj/f, firft drowned in the North Loch,after biirnt,which rai- 'n?"fin'j)?«, fed no fmall trouble in the Town ^ for the Friers rooping like Ravens up- chetlfore/ \ on the Biiliops , the Eifliops ran upon the Queen , who to them was fa- vourable enough, but that (lie thought it could not (land with her advan- tage to offend fuch a multitude as then took upon them the defence of the Gofpeljandthe nameof Proteftants. Andyetconfentedflie tofummon The Preach- -3 the Preachers : whereat the Ptoteftants neither offended, neither yet there- of afraid, determined to keep the day of Summ.ons, as that they did. Which perceived by the Prelats and Priefts , they procured a Proclama- Thepraaice tion to be publikely made , That all men that were c'ome to the Towne ofprehts, and without commandment of the Authority, fliould withal! diligence repair ^nfued*^'"^"^ to the Borders, and there remain fifteen dayes : For the Bifliop o^Galloredy in this manner of rime Hiid to the Qiicen -. Madame, bccaufe they are come rvithont order •, I read "^e fertd them to the Border. Now fo had God provi- ded. That the quarter of the Weflland (in the which was many faithful! men) was that fame day returned from the Border •, who undcrflanding the matter to proceed from the maliceof the Priefts, affcmbled them- felves together, and made paffage to themfelves, till that they came tO the very privie chamber, where the Queen R-Cgent and the Bifliops were. The Gentlemen began to complain upon their ftrange intertainment, confider- ing that her Majefty had found in them fo faithful! obedience in all things lawful!. While the Queen began to craft , a zealous and a bold Tn:in, ^ames Chalmers of Gdithgyrth^fiid^ Madanii^rve hwrv that this is the fTjal.ce and device of the ^ervels , andofthatbnjiard ( meaning the Bifliop of f 'l^.i'lH,.^. S. Lyi narcaes ) that Jtameth hy you • 't\>e avow to Codwejha'lmake a day of it. chaheysut They oppreffe us and our Tenartts , for feeding of their idle bellies : They trouble <^<^'^^'^r'^- far Preachers^ and would murther therrt and tts : Shall rvefuffer this any longer? J^o, Madame, it (hall not be. And therewith every man put on his ftce! Bon- nets. There was heard nothing of the Queens part, hm,Myjoyes^ my hearts.^ What aylesyou ? Me means no evil to you nor to your' Preachers : The S ■- Jliops f\)all do you no n)reng,ye are all my loving Subjeffs ^ / knoiv nothing of this Preclamatien -jhedayof your Freaehers jhall be dif charged, and me mill heart the controverfte that is betwixt the B/fbops and you ^ they flu!/ do you no rvron^. i\/y/,Wj(faidflietotheBifbops) I forbid yon either to trouble them or thetr q.,^^^^^_ Preachers. And unto the Gentlemen, who were wonderoufly coinmo- taer.' ved, flie turned again and Htid , O my hearts, jhonld ye not love the Lord yoitr God with all your heart, with allyour mmde ? K^Andflwuldye not love your neigh- bours oi your felf ? With thefe and the like words fnc kept the Bifhops from buffets at that time. And fo the day of Summons being difcharg- cd, began the brethren utiiverfally farther to be encouraged. But yet coald 104 ^^^^ Hiftorie oftffe "Reform.mon Lib. ' A r,«r^ could the Bifliops in no fore be quiet , for Saint Gyles day approaching, nnu ^j^ ^,^^,^ ^,l^.jj.gg jQ jl^e Provoft-Ballies, and counfell ot £i/«^«r^A,either ^^^'"^^^ to c-efagain the old Saint Gyle, or elfe upon their expences to make a new JthVeWmr'' Infase. The Counfell anfwered, T/jat to them the charge appear eth very un- Thea u-.v.rof ,«/? ^Jor the^ imderfiood that God in fome places had commanded Idols andlma- Edmbu,->. ^^^ ]g (ji; Jfj}r0yed : But where he had commanded Images to hefet up , they had %0t read •, and ie fired the Bifhop tofnde a warrant for his commandment. Edinburgh,^ Whereat the BiOiop offended, admoniflied, under pain of curfing, which ' pjaicthffxt. they prevented by a former appellation, appealing from him, as a partiall ihc BWhop'or' ^nd corrupt Judge, unto the Popes HolinefTe •, and fo great things fhordy s.'.MnL following that, pafTed in oblivion. Yet would not the Priefts and Friers ceafe to have that great folemnity, and manifefl: abomination,which they accuftomedly had upon Saint Gyles day ; to wit , They would have that Idoll borne, and therefore was all preparations duely made. A Marmou- fcc Idoll was borrowed from the gray Friers (a fiiver piece of ^ames Car- m/chelhvci^ laid in pledge)it was faft fixed with Iron nailes, upon a barrow XfJumpJi for called there Fertor. 1 heir Affes, bloody Priefts, Friers, Channons, and brjriDgof rotten Papifls, with Tabors and Trumpeters, Banners and Bag-pipes : ^^' And who was there to lead the reigne, but the Queen Regent her felfe, with all her fliavclings, for honour of that Feaft. Well, about goeth it, and cometh downe rhe high ftreet , and downe to the common Crofle. The Queen Regent dined that day in (Alexander Carpentar his houfe, be- twixt the Bowes : And fo when the Idol returned back again, {lie left it, and paft in to her dinner. The hearts of the brethren were wondcroufly enflamed •, and feeing fuch abomination fo manifcftly maintained , were decreed to be revenged. They were divided in fevcrall companies,whcre- of not one knew of another. There were fome temporizers that day {zmono^ whom David Forre([e., called the Generall, was one) who fear- ing the chance to be done, as it fell , laboured to ftay the brethren - but that could not be : For immediately after that the Queen was entred in the lodging, fome of thofe that were of the enterprifc drew nigh to the Idol, as willing to help to bear him •, and getting the Fertor upon their fhoul- ders, began to flioulder, thinking that thereby the Idol would have fallen, but that was provided and prevented by the Iron nailes , as we have faid. The down CI- And fo bcgan one to cry ^Down with the Idoll, down rpith it .-.And then with- g'a anL« out delay it was pulled downe. Some brag made the Priefts Patrones at difco'mfiture of the firft •, but when they faw the feebleneffe of their god ( for ortC/tooke Bm/j i>ficftv. him by the heeles, and dading his head to the ftreet , left Dagon without a head or hands, and faid, Fie upon thee, thou young Saint Gyle", thy father would have tarried for fuch. ) This confidered (we fay) the Priefts and Fri- ers fled fafter then they did at Pinckey Clewch. There might have beenc fo fudden a fray as feldome hath been amongft that fort of men within this Realme • for down goeth the Crofles, off goeth the Surplices,round Caps, Cornets with the Crowns. The gray Friers gaped, the black Fri- ers blew, the Pricfls panted and fled , and happy was he that firft gat the houfe ; for fuch a fudden fray came never amongft the generation of An- A mc.ry Eng. ^' ^^'S^^*^ "^^''^ Realme before. By chance there lay upon a ftayre a l»(h-nun. merry Enghflvman -, and feeing the difcomfiturc to be without blood, thought I^ih.i. ofl^eligwn in the %ealme 0/ Scotland. 10^ thought he would addefome merrinefTe toT]he tmrrrrTZTT TTT T r..f. M r^ I IS ^^^ Articles of his belcefc were I referre d/ '"'= "^'^'P °f the hke documents excev,r rh-,, u. a j ' ciinopor ro e^ even with together with the r^ft^ ^.f £ ^e d^^^^^^^^^^ Jting and drinking , which, Tl.de^hof lif?. The moft par of tL Lord, Z^ - - ^^' ^'^^"'' ""^ ^^^ '-'"'"" riage , a!though?hat?Ly ' ot tSr fewJfr '" t'T '^ ''^' ^^'^^"^ M^^- gofto return to Scotlnd^ For wK^ hf '^ ^^"" ' ^^ ^^^y ^«r- man)ther"e^de^^^^^^^^^ a F.eU- Lord i^/.«./«/anTthe Rm.S^?' Earl of C./r/..,the Earl o^ Rothelfe, h^slifc: For^^Xfhe^^^^^^^^^^ forced to land again at n.l nl u- r ^ a contranous winde , and rhcBi,i,opof to make his h.iC.^^S^^^ocoi'l^ ^is fickneife to increafe, ho caufcd '^^^^^ his God,the gold chT Serein was?n^Tordr ^f "^5^^ ^'^^'" > ^"^^ ^^^^ from,ro long'as memory vrulTfo^^^^^^^^ ^/ '^^y'^^ "°^ '^^P^" '^'''^ of S. ^Wmr.,had ( bvIllTDoen .nr. ^ I ^he Lord^4;«.. , th^n Prior patched the reft, for tLreof KT ^ h'^'^^f '''' ^'"^^ ^^«'^^h that dif- God prefcrved for a be ter Lrn^r tk ' r ' ^^r'"''^' ^°^h teftifie. But i^«4, and the Sd B n o7Sf!; ^^'^ ?"^' f 7^^^ 5f^-.i,after Earle of Sion /and therefore fhe fffi orH r'"'°"^>^f u^'^'^^ '" '^^"^^^ o^ Reli- viflt llim : and fiXfhim nor/. ' T"^ °^'^' ^^^°P^ ^'^"^^^ ^^"^^ to have been,and as the honZ of 1'' '' ' P^'"^=^^he thought he fliould utter Roema^. Hisanfwerwa^ '^<'»oy<'«rc^;iw^^r, andmt lieheerewth^ therein. ) i«? mv Lord ( (iiJ h!\L , ^"'"^ "'s coffers , and the go M »"d his friends ^ c^,j m,ke th4tipu[lhm m tt he long whether there bc[uch . note. fhct 1 06 T/;f Htjiory of the Reformation jLib. i A nno P'I-'k:^ ormt. While the other did exhort him to call to minde the promi- f!^^ fes of God, and the venue of Chrifts death ■ He anfwered,- Nay mj Lord, Utmedone, for you and I never agreed in our life, and 1 thtnke voe (hall not agree now at mi death,! pray you therefore let me alone. The faid Lord ^ames depart- ed to his Lodging, and the other fhortly after departed this life -, whither, the great day of the Lord will declare. When the word of the departing of To many Patrons of Papiftry, and of the manner of their departing, came unto the Qiieene Regent, The Queen .^^-^^^ aftonilliment and miifing, (he Hiid ; What j]}all ifaj of fitch men ? The^i r^nceoHhc' left me^sbeafls, and as hea(ls)hey die : God ts not iviththem, neither with deithofhtr that wh/ih they enterprife. While thefe things wtre in doing in Scotland ^'*P'"*" and France, that perfed hypocrite , Mafter ^ohn Synclare , then Deane of Lefi.irriH, and now Lord Prefidcnt , and Bifliop oP Brechin , began to Preach'jn his Church oi Lcflarrige, and at the beginning held himfelfe fo Dean of Lf/P^r- iiidiiferent, that many had opinion of him, That he was not far from the tige hypocrite Kingdom of God. But his hypocrifie could not long be cloaked : for when ^ach'" heunderftoodthatfuchas feared God began to have a g Y he Hifiorj of the^ formation Lib.i. A a faichfuU brother, which made mention , that a new confultation was •^^^^ a-ipointcd for finall conclufion of the matter before purpofcd 5 and ^'^^''"^ willed me thaeforc to abide in thcfe parts till the determination of the fame. The other Letter was direfted from a Gentleman to a friend, with charge to advertife me, That he had communed with all thofc that ftfcmedmoftfiankc and fervent in the matter j and that in none did he findc fuch boldnelTe and conftancy as was requifitefor fuchan cntcr- prifc ; but that fome did (as he writeth) repent that ever any fuch thing was moved : Some were partly afliamed , and others were able to de- ny that ever they did confent to any fuch purpofe, if any tryall or que- Uion lliould betaken thereof, &c- Which Letters when I had confi- dered, I was partly confounded, and partly was pierced with anguifh and Ibrrovv. Confounded I was, that I had fo far travelled in the mat- ter , moving the fame to the moft godly and moft learned that this day wc know to live in Eurofe, to the cffedi that I might have their judge- ments and grave counfeils, for affurancc as well of yourconfcienccs,as of mine, in all cnterprifcs. And then that nothing (hould fucceed of fo long confultation, cannot but redound , either to your fharae or mine. For cither it ihall appeare that I was marvellous vain, being fo folicited, where no neceiTity required > Or clfe that fuch as were movers thereto, lacked the ripenclfe of judgement in their firft Vocation. To fome it may appeare, a fmall and light matter, that I have caft off, and as it were abandoncd,as well my particular care,as my publikc Office and Charge, leaving my houfe and poor family deftitutc of all head , fave God only, and committing that fmall fbut to Chrift dearly beloved) flock,over the which I was appointed one of the Miniftcrs , to the charge of another. This, I fay, to worldly men , may appeare a fmall matter : But to me , it was and is fuch, that more worldly fubftance then I will expreffe, could not have caufed me willingly to behold the eyes of lb many grave men weep at once for my caufc, as that Idid in taking my laft good night from them: Towhomif itpleafeGod thatlreturne, and queftion be demanded, What was the impediment of my purpofcd journey , judge you what I (hall anfwer. The caufc of my dolour and forrow ( God is my witncflc ) is for nothing pertaining cither to my corporall content- ment, or worldly difplcafure ; but it is for the grievous plagues and pu- nilhmcnts of God, which aflurcdly (hall apprehend, not onely you, but every inhabitant of that miferablc Realm and Ifle,cxccpt that the power of God,by the liberty of his Gofpel, deliver you from Bondage. I mean Acre "0^ ®"c^y ^hat perpetuall fire and torment prepared for the dcvil,and for fuch as denying Chrift Jefus, and his knowne Verity, do follow the fons of wickedneflc to perdition ( which moft is to be feared; but alfo that thraldomc and raifcry that ihall apprehend your ownc bodies , your children, fubjccis, and pofterity, whom yc have betrayed (in con- fciencc I can except none that bcarc the name of Nobility ) and prclcntly fight to betray them and your Rcalmc to the ilavery of Itrangcrs. The War begun falthough I acknowledge it to be the work r -A A^^^^ ^^ ^^""^ dcftrudion , unlefTe that bctime remedie be provided. God open your eyes, that yc may efpic and confidcr your owns Lib. r. of%eligion in the %ealme 0/ Scotland. 109 own miferable eftate. My words fhall appearto fbme, fliarp, and undif- ^r\r\f\ erectly fpoken. But as charity ought to interpret all things to the beft, ^^^^^ fo ought wife men to underftand , That a true friend cannotbea jlatterer. ^^ ''»-' Erpecially, when the queftions of falvation both of body and fbule are moved •, and that not of one, nor of two,but as it were of a whole Realm or Nation. What are the fobs, and>what is the affedtion of my troub- led heart, God fliall one day declare : But this will I adde to my former rigour and feverity, to wit, if any perfwade you for fear of dangers that may follow, to faint in your former purpofe y be he fo wife and friendly, let him be judged of you both foolil'h,and yourmortall enemy: Foolifli, l^ote* for becaufe he underftood nothing of Gods approved wifedome -, and enemy unto you , becaufe he laboured to fcparateyou from Gods favour, provoking his vengeance , and grievous plagues againft you : becaufe he would, That ye (liould prefer your worldly reft to Gods praife and glo- ry -, and the friendfliip of the wfcked, to the falvation of your brethren. J Am not igmrAfjt that fear full troubles Jhall erfftteyottr ent^rprife (a^s in ?ny for- ^g, the'Fapiils nier Laters I d:d ftgttife unto pu. ) But 0 joy full and comfortable arethetrou- thGmfdvct bks andadverfities, winch man fitllaincth for accomplijhment of Gods mil re- l"^^* u^r*^*^, 'vealed by his word ! For how terr/ble foever they appeare to the judgement of the tcnccj could nattfrall mAii, yet are they never able to devour, norfftterlytoconfumethefuffer-pto^^^'i- ers : For the invtfible and invincible fower of Codfuflaineth and preferveth ac- 'cordingto his promifc , all fuch as with fimpli city do obey him. The fiibtill cnift Qi Pharaoh many yeers joyned with his bloody cruelty, was not able to deftroy the male children of ifrael ; neither were the waters of the Red Sea, much leffe the rage of Fharaoh able to confound (J\^ofes^ and the company which he conduded , and that becaufe the one had Gods Pro- mife that they fhould Riultiply • and the other had his Commandment to enter into fuch dangers. I would your wifedoms fhould confider that our God remaineth one,and is immutable ^ and that the Church of Chrifl Jefus hath the fame'promife of protedion and defence, that /yr4f/ hadof Thaciiwyof multiplication: And farther, That no lefTecaufe have ye to enter into '"^^^ J'^' your former entcrprife , then Mofes had to go to the prefence of Pharaoh (for your vaffalls, yea your brethren are opprcfTed, their bodief and fouls holden in bondage, and God fpcaketh to your confciences, (unleffe ye be dead with the blinde world ) that ye ought to hazard your owne lives (be it againft Kings or Emperours) for their deliverance. For oncly for that caufe are yc called Princes of the people. And ye receive of your The letter loft Brethren, Honour^ Tribute, and Homage, at Gods Commandment , not by negligence ■ byreafonof yourBirthandProgenie(asthc moft part of men do falfly *"'' """'''"• fuppofe) but by reafon of your Office and Duty, which is to vindicate and deliver your fubjeds and brethren from all violence and oppreflion to the uttermoft of your power. Ad vife diligently, Ibefeechyou, with the points of that Letter which I dire(5ted to the'whole Nobility ^ and let every man apply the matter and cafe to himfelf ^ for your confcience fliall one day be compelled to acknowledge. That the Reforma :ion of Religi- on, and of publike enormities, doth appertaine to more then to the Cler- God grant thac gie, or chief Rulers , called I/,/? is thought expedient ^advifed^and or daifiedfrhat in Lib. I . of^B^igion in the ^alme of Scotland. 1 1 J 7ft /ill Parij]}cs of this Eeafm the Common-Prityer be read weekly on SitmUj , and A ririQ other Fefli'ualldityes pfhlikely m the Parifl) Churches, with the Lefjons of the Old ^~,-^ . and New Tefiament, conformed to the order of the Book of Common Prayers. And if the Ctirats of the Parifl^es be qualified, to caufe them to readthefame. ^ndif they be not, or if they refufe^ that the mo ft qualified tn the Parifl) ufe and reade the famc^. Secondly, It is thought neceffary, that Doctrine, Preaching, and Inter- . fret at ion of Scriptures be had and ufcd privately in quiet houfcs , rvithout gr^at conventions of the people thereto , mhile afterward that Cod move the Prince to grant fublikc Preaching by ftithfull and true Minifters. Thefe two heads concerning the Religion, and fome.others concerning the poUcie being concluded, the old Earlc of Jrgyletook the maintenance .of ^ohn Dorvglas^ caufed him to Preach piiblikely in his houfe, and refor- med many things according to his counfell. The fame boldneffetooke divers othcrs,as well within Towns,as in the count!*y,which did not a lit- tle trouble the Bifliops and Queen Regent : As by this Letter and Credit committed to Sir David flamilton , from the Bifliop of S. Andrews lo the faid Earlc of ^r§7/« may be clearly underftood. The Bifliops Letter to the old Earlc of Argylt^. MT Lerd^ after mofi hearty commendations, this is to advertife your Lordf])i^ that we have dirctted this Bearer our Coufm towards your Lordpip , in fuch bttfineffe and affaires as concerneth ydiir Lerdfhip honour, profit, and great well-being, as thefaid Bearer will declare to your Lordflup at more length. I fray your L ordfljip , ejfectuoujly to advert thereto , and to have care to ufe your Lord- fl)ips fiends , that alwayes hath wifl)ed the honour, profit, and profperityef your Lordfhips houfe, as of our own. I pray you give credit to the Bearer, ^efu have your Lordjhi^ in everlafiing keeping. Of Edinburgh , the five and twentieth dayofUl'farch, Anno 1558. Sic fubfcribicur. To»r Lordjljips at all powef- '• ;■•; \,"-\ '^ -"^"\ Saint Andrews; Folhwisiiji Credit. MF.mirandutn, To Sir David ft ami It on, tomy Lord Earle of Argylefia ray.behalfe, and let him fee and heare every Article/ > 1. Im^nmis^To repeat the ancient blood of his houfe, how lone it hath flood, ^ how notable it hath b6en\ and fo mmf Noble-men k^ith buen Eafks-y Zi>rds and Knights thereof- ffow long they ha-Vi i^igned i/i thai" pArts , true -and obedient . ioth to G)fi and the Prince, without my (pot in thri'y dityes in- any vi^nfr effort : And to rimember how many notable nie/t are come ofhisheufiv ^^^ Tsw'vOv'reii v.. ■.. • , ■. 2 . Secondly , Tofliew him the great affection I beare tovoirts ($^, hi^ bloody houfe ^ and fritnds'j dwt-of the ardent defire I have of the perpetuall ftanding of it in honour and fame, with all them that are come of it : Which Is my part , for many and divers caufes, as youfiull fee. , Z'^,':'^hfr-dly, Tefi7ew,My Lord, M'heavy and ihfpleafingiti«'ffff>ie, now to el artd Verities , under that colour , fetuth forth Schifmcs and Divifions ^nnO ^^^j^fj^iy church of God, with Heretrca/I Provoptiem , thinking thdt under U^'-V^ ' his waiJinMce and defence , to M this Countrp mth ficrefic^ , per- frvadin^ my f did Lord ^ and others, his children and friends ^ that all that ht fbeaketh is Scripture, and conform thereunto, albeit that many of hu Propo fit ions are many wrspafi condemned by generallCotmels^ andthewholepteefChri- ftian people-^. ... , ■ ^ ,„ . 4. Fourthly, Tojherv to m) Lor dhow per illom this is to his Lordjhp and his honfe, and decay thereof, tncifethat authority Pmdd be fiarp, andjh.uldufe rigour conform both to Civill and Canon^andalfoyour own Mumcipall law of this Realm. 5 . Fifthly, tojlietv his Lordfiip how woe I would be , either to heare , fee, er know any di(}>leafure that might come to him,hisfon, or any of his houfe or friends, and e[pe}ially in his own time anddayes. i^ndas how great difpleafure I have now to hear great and ivil bruites of him thatfwtildin his old age^ in a manner, vary from his faith ^and to be altered t her in when the time is that he [hoiild be mofi furc and firme therein. 6. Sixthly fTofhcw his Lordjhip that there is delation of that man called Dow- t^las or Giant , of fundry Articles ofHerefte which lieth to my charge and con- '^ Science to put remedie to , or elfe all the pefilenttom BoElrine hefowes , and fuch like^ all that are corrupt by his Do^rine , and all that he drawethfrom our Faith and ChnfliM Religion^ wi H lie to my charge before G6d : and I to be accufed be- fore God for over feeing ofhim,iflputnot remedy thereto, and correal htm for fuch things he is delated of. And therefore that my Lord confider^ and weigh it well, how highly it lieth both to nay honour and confcience : for if I fa vour him, Tfiali be accufed for all them that he infers and corrupts in Here fie. J. Seventhly, Therefore I pray my Lord^in mofi hearty maner to take this mat' ter in the be ft part for his own confcience , honour^ and weak ofhimfelfe^ houfe^ friends, and ferv ants : and file like for my part, and for my tonfcience and honour. Then confidering that there are divers (Articles of Here fie to be laid to him , that he is diluted of, and that he is prefently in my Lords company : That my Lord would by fame honefi way part with this man , and put him from him, and from his fans company : For I would be right forry that any be- ing in any of their companies Jhould be called for fuch caufes, or that any of them fiwuld be bruited to hold dny fik man. And this I would advertife , my Lord, and have his Lordjlnps Anfwer and Refolutton, before any Summons faffed upon him. \ ' ,' 8* Eighthly , Item ^ If my Lord would have a man to infiruB himtruely inthe Faith ^ and Preach to hint y I wmld provide a learned man to him', and I Jhall anfwer for his truf DoBrint^ , and fhall Pand my fsule that he fhalf. • teach nothing but truly ^ according to our Catholike Faith. O^ Edifibitrgh, this laft of Match • 155 8.\5..; 1 V. ' . i\\ ,, V , ' - r -1 /. . -.v.;.\V.; ,,..>.--• ..,^^,, ... \SW.fub{cribker., •■<\ w •■ .v^hAj-A' Saint Andrews. tMortover , ^ l)o,p&\yeur LorAjhip^wilt eall to good fime^ranei^, L 'T^* the great and he^vie mtirrnUre again fl me ^ b^h by the ^eettc^, the Church-men , Spiriinall, and Te'mpor^l efiates , and well given people^ nuamngy cryng^ mil tHtirmuring at t^e.^reatly ^ That I do mt'wfOfjife .- L lb. 1. of Religion in the Realme of Scotland. toficrity , and ycur friends and your botife : jis heleeving furely your Lordjhivs '' P"fcrfrd to rvifcdcmc Jlmtld not have mnwtained undmedled with fuch things that might do Biihop."''' * tne dtjhonour or dif^Uafure, confidering that I have bin ready to put good order thereto alwayes^ but have modejJly abftained, for the love of your Lord {hip and houfe afore- [aid, that I beare trutly ; knctving and feeing the great harm^ and dijlionour^and lack apparantly that might come therethrough^ irt cafe your Lordfhip remedte not the fame haply , whereby we might bot h be quiet of all danger, which doubt leffe wiU come upon u-s bothy jf lufe not my offce , or that he be called , while that he is now with your Lordjhipy and mdtryour Lord] hips protect ion. Subfcribed againe. Saiiit Andrews. By thefe former Inftrudions thou mayeft perceive ( Gentle Reader) what was the care that this Paftour, or rather Impoftour, with his Com- plices took to feed the flock committed to their charge ( as they alleadge ) and to gain-ftand falfe Teachers. Here is oft mention of con A:ience , of Hercfie, & fuch other terms that might fray the ignorant, and deceive the fimple. But we hear no crime in particular laid to the charge of the accu- fed,and yet is he condemned as a forfworn Apoftata. This was my Lords confcicnce, which he learned of his fathers the Pbarifees, old enemies to ChriftJefus,who condemned him before they heard him. But who ruled myLords confciencc,when he took his coufins w'l^t^the Lady Gilton.ConCi- der thou the reft of his perfwafions, & thou (halt clearly fee,That honour, eftimation,love to houfe and friends, is the beft ground that my Lord Bi- fhop hath J why he fhouldperfecute Jefus Chrift in his members. We thought good to infert the anfwers of the faid Earle, which follow. Memorandum, This pre fent Writ is te make anfwer particularly to every Arti- cle^ diretledfrom my Lord of S. Andrews to me , by Sir David Haniilton, rvhich Articles are in number nine -^ and heere repeated and anfwered ^ as I truflj to his Lordfhips contentment. I. 'T'Hefirft Article puttcth me in remembrance of the antiquity of X the blood of my houfe^ how many Earles, Lords, and Knights hath been thereof ; how many Noble-men defcended of the fame houfe, how long it continued true to God and the Prince, without ipot, in their dayes,inauy manner of fort. '■ V , Anfvfer, True it is,my Lord,that there is well-long continuance of my houfe, by Gods providence , and benevolence of our Princes whom we have ftrved , and fhall fcrve truely , next to God. And the like obe- ^iote, diencc, towards Gods and our Princes remaineth with us yet , or rather better, ( praifed be the Lords Name ) neither know we any fpot towards car Princcflfe, and her due obedience. And if there be offence tcfwards God, he is mercifull to remit our offences. For he will not the death of a finner. Like as it ftandcth in his omnipotent power to make up houfes,to Q^ continue \j. The Htjlory of the Reformation Lib. i TZII continue the fame to alter them, to m.ike them fm ill or grent, or to extin- '*^ cuini them according to his own infcrut.Aole wifdom. Formexahmg,dc- ^^^^^'^^ preiring, and changing of hoiifcs, the hiud and pr.-ifc muft be given to chac one eternall God,'in whole hands the fame ft indeth. 2. The fecond Article bcareth the great affrdion and love your Lord- fhip bearcth towards me and my houfe^nd of the ardent defire ye have of the perpetuall ftaxiding thereof in honour and fame with all them that are coming of it. „ , i r t Anfrv. Forfooth it is your dutie to wifh good unto my houle, and unto them that are coming of the fame • not onely for the faithf ulnc(rc,amity, and fociety that hath been between our forefithers; but alfo for the late conjundion of blood that is between our faid houfe , if it be Gods plea- fure that it have fucceffe. Which fhould give fufficient occafion to your Lordfliip to wifli good to my houfe and perpetuity, with Gods glory, without which nothing is perpetuall , unto whom be praife and worfhip for ever and ever. Amen. 5. Thirdly, Your Lordfhip declareth how difpleafant it is to you that I fhould be feduced by an infamed perfon of the Law, and by the flattery of a forfworn Apoflata, that under pretence of his giving forth, maketh us to underftand. That he is a Preacher of the Gofpel, and therewith rai- feth Schifmes and Divifions inthe whole Church of God: And by our maintenance and defence would infed this Countrey with Herefie , al- leadging that to be Scripture , which thefe many yeeres paft hath been condemned as Hercfie by the generall Councells , and whole eftatc of Chriftian people. Anfv. The God that created heaven and earth, and all that Is therein, prelerve me from reducing : for I dread others; many under the colour of godlineflfe are feduced , and think that they do God a pleafure , when they perfecute one of them that profefTe his Name. What thar man of the Law is, we know not •, we hear none of his flattery, his perjured Oath of Apoftafie is unknown unto usrBut if he havT made any unlawfuU Oath, contrary to Gods commandment, it were better to violate it, then to ob- ferveit. He Preaches nothing to us but the Gofpel, if he would do other- wife, wc would not beleevc him , nor yet an Angel of heaven : wc heare him fowe no Schifmes nor Divifions , but fuch as may fland with Gods Word, which we (liall caufe him to confefTcjin prefence of your Lordfhip and the Clergy, when ye require us thereto. And as to it that hath been condemned by generall Councels, we truft you know well, that all the ge- nerall Councels have been at diverfity among themfelvcs , and never two of them uniyerfally agreeing in all points, in fo much ^s they are of men. But the Spirit of Verity that bears teftimony of our Lord Jefus,hath not, neither can erre.For heaven & earth fhal perifh,ere one jot of it perilh. Be- yond this,my Loid,neitherteachethhe.neither will we acccptofhim^but h ^^'a*^'^ ^"^^^^ ^"^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ God,fct forth by the Patriaiiks, Pro- A Tr P°^'*^^' ^^^ Evangelifts, left to our falvation in ciipreCe words. And lo my Lord, to condemn the Dodrine notexamined,is not required : tor when your Lordfhip pleafeth to hear the canfefrion of that mans l^aith, the manner of hisDoftrine, which agrecth with the Gofpel of Jefus JLib.i. of%eligioninth€%ealmcof Scothnd. . ii'j Jefus Chrift, T will caiife him to affifl; to judgement , and (hall be prefenc A nrjo thereat Gods pleafiire, that he may render reckoning of his belief, and i^^-,,..v,. our Doiflrine to the fuperiour Powers , according to theprefcription of ^^^^^ that blood of the eternall Teftament , (ealed by the Immaculate Lambe ; To whom with the Father and the holy Spirit , be all honour and glory for ever and ever. K^men. 4. The fourth Article puts me in remembrance, how dangerous it is, if the Authority would put me to it,and my Houfe,according to comely and common Laws, and our own municipiall Lawes of this Realme,and how it appeareth to the decay of our Houic. Anfw. All Laws are (or at leaft fliould be) fubjedto Gods Law,which Law fliould be firfi: placed,and planted in every mans heart, it fhould have no impediment. Men ihould not abrogate it, for the defence and letting up of their owne advantage. If it would plcafe Authorities to put at our Houfe, for confcfluig of- Gods Word, or for maintenance of his Law: NoccdilV God is mighty enough in his own Caufe, he fliould be rather obeyed then ^'^'"^^* man. T will ferve my Prince , with body , heart, goods, ftrength, and nil that is in my power, except that which is Gods duty, which I will re- ferve to him alone ; that is , To worfhip him in truth and verity, and as neer as I can to conform to his written Word , to his owne honour, and obedience of myPrincefife. 5 . The fifth Article puts me in remembrance how woe your Lordfhip would be,to hear, to Ice, or know my difpleafure that might come to me, my fon, or any of my Houfe, and efpecially in my time and dayes : And as to hearc the great and evill brute of me, that fliould now in my old age in a manner, begin to vary in my Faith , and to be altered therein, when it is time that I fliould be mofl: fure and firm therein. Jfif.Yom Lordfliips good will is ever made manifeff unto me in all your Articles,that you fliould be forry to hear, fee, or*know my difpleafure, for the which I am bound to render yourLojdfliip thank";, & fliall do the fame afliiredly . But as for wavering in my Faith , God forbid that I fliould fo do : For I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven & earth - Andin Jefus Chrifl: his onely Son our Saviour. My Lord, I vary not in my Faith •, but I praiie God, that of hisgoodnefle now in my latter days, hath of his infinite mercy opened hisbofbmeof grace unto mc, to ac- knowledge him the eternall Wifedome , his Son Jefus Chrill, my one , iutficient Satisfa