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 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
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 BL 240 .W44 1901 
 Welles, William Cook. 
 The Mosaical account of 
 creation from a strictly 
 

 THE 
 
 MOSAICAL 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 or 
 
 Creation 
 
 From a strictly Scientific 
 standpoint. 
 
 By W. C. >VELLES, Parkersburg, W. Va. 
 
 Published by the Jtuthor. PRICE, 30 CTS. 
 
 Four Copies to one address, St.OO. 
 
 /luthorofthe "TRUE ORZGI\ OF COJtL. 
 
 ('oi'VKKJllT iiY Tin: A irilou, I'.tdl. 
 
(jKhHN Color wherever found represents, according to Gcoloj;\ 
 Dry Land conditions. BLUE, Age of Water. RED, Age of Heat. 
 
 o- 
 
 Pleiocene 
 Meio:ene 
 Eocene 
 
 Geology 
 6th day Man 
 
 5th Day ^ 
 
 B 
 
 ! S 
 
 Eifi. 
 
 Moses 
 6th day Man 
 
 5th Day ^ 
 
 3rd & I 
 
 4th 2 i 
 
 Day -gj S 
 
 ^^ T3 
 
 ■a C 
 
 CO 
 
 u«- 
 
 Dana 
 
 6th Day 
 Man 
 
 Mammals 
 
 Creta- 
 
 O Carbon- 
 
 ,,, . iferous. 
 
 O o 
 
 4> Devoniar 
 
 Swamp 
 Reptiles. 
 
 Amphibians. 
 SwampPlants 
 
 Vertebrates. 
 Shellfish. 
 
 Q 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 Day 
 
 
 rjxi 
 
 
 .2S 
 
 a. 
 
 0^ P- 
 
 o 
 
 al fc 
 
 <u 
 
 < 
 
 > 
 
 
 <u 
 
 °fe 
 
 
 ii <u 
 
 
 •■T c 
 
 c 
 
 -J-- 
 
 HJ 
 
 
 E 
 
 C3 
 
 
 E 
 
 es «- 
 MO 
 
 o.r 
 
 
 73 
 
 
 C «« 
 
 
 cS «> 
 
 a 
 
 w « 
 
 
 73 x: 
 
 .c 
 
 ;5 ^ 
 
 la 
 
 OQ 
 
 3rd 
 
 Day 
 
 Fruit Trees. | 
 
 4th 
 
 Day 
 
 5th 
 
 D?.v 
 
 Shell 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 < 
 
 m 
 X 
 
 Laurentiai 
 Period or 
 Metamor- 
 phic. 
 
 
 Azoic 
 No Life. 
 
 
 1st Day 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 O 
 < 
 
 Nebular 
 Condensa- 
 tion. 
 
 
 Nebular 
 Condens- 
 ation. 
 
 
 Nebular 
 
 Condens 
 
 ation. 
 
 3rd Day 
 Dry Land. 
 
 
 2nd Day. 1 
 
 
 1st Dav. 
 
 J 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 During the author's Geological researches, one point after an- 
 other aroused a suspicion In his mind that the Casmogouy of Moses 
 had not beer, fairly and squarely dealt with by his sclentiflc Interpre- 
 ters. 
 
 He therefore determined to investigate the matter from a purely 
 «icientJfic standpoint, giving Moses all that Is his due, upon his clearly 
 expressed claims, and the science of Geology all that is clearly due 
 to the discoveries made by it, and the logical deductions following 
 those discoveries. 
 
 The following rules of Interpretation were decided upon, whicli 
 certainly are stringent enough to bring out the whole value of the 
 inspiration of Moses. 
 
 Rule 1.— Moses is entitled to a plain common sense, but logical 
 interpretation, of his clearly expressed claims, as found in the Ist 
 <Jhapter of Genesis. 
 
 Rule 2.— His claims as to successive periods in numerical order 
 must not l>e changed. 
 
 Rule 3.— Each successive period must be accepted as a unit and 
 not divided up, with the divisions thereof, located in disconnected 
 seological ages entirely different. 
 
 This much is due Moses, If truly inspired, his account will stand 
 the strain of rigid investigation, just as it is written without the aid 
 of injudicious friends in reducing It to detached fragments and plas- 
 tering it over the geological ages indiscriminately. 
 
 Rule 4.— Wherever the clearly expressed claims of Moses coincide 
 with the thoroughly established discoveries for any age or period 
 cl" Geology there in that period or age the day or period of Moses 
 must be located. 
 
 Rule o.— No such thing as "forcing a balance" can be tolerated. 
 Both sides must stand or fall on their own merits alone. 
 
 The time ha:> come when the world should liuow how mucii 
 faith can be reposed in the inspiration of Moses. 
 
 As the case now stands, accepting of the interpretation given 
 in the 1st Chapter of Genesis by sclentiflc men and christians too: 
 one who can read between the lines, and understands the priuciplej^ 
 of Geology can easily see that these very Interpreters themselves hav« 
 none too much confidence in the Inspiration of Moses. See Dana* 
 Manual, article "Cosmogony." 
 
4 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 Upon examination I find that all of the above plain ru) .'s of In- 
 terpretation have been violated in the cosmogonies given to the worul 
 by learned geologists, professing to interpret the mosaical account 
 of creation. 
 
 To prove the inspiration of Moses it is not necessary that hi.s 
 account of creation should run along In the exact lines with the geo- 
 logical hlritory of the earth. 
 
 It is enough if his description runs parallel with geology and 
 logically covers the facts stated in geology. 
 
 My ti'taties will begin with the origin of tin solar sysiem, as de- 
 veloped through the Nebular Hypothesis and leading up to the paysl- 
 cal earth as an incandescent sphere. • 
 
 The representative Cosmogony which I shall \criticise and com- 
 pare will be that of Dana in his Manual of Geology. 
 
 "In the beginning" for we are told in the Christian's Bible that 
 there was a beginnmg, but how far bacli in point of time that be- 
 ginning was, this bible does not indicate, one day bemg to the LorJ 
 jis a thousand years. 
 
 Time to an infinite being has no significance, but this we do 
 know, that the beginning was so far bacli in the dim past, that the 
 mind of man fails to realize its immensity. 
 
 Modem improvements in the Telescope have enabled us to see 
 suns and systems so far away in this universe of God, that had the 
 hand of their creator blotted them from existence three hundred 
 thousand years ago, the last rays of their expiring light would still 
 be travelling towards our earth and that light would still be visible 
 in our telescopes although, that star itself, had been annihilated al- 
 most three hundi'ed thousand years ago. 
 
 Such stars therefore must have had a beginning, three hundretl 
 thousand years ago. 
 
 Thus tar back in the history of the uuivei'se, we can place that 
 period mentioned in scripture, "He made the stars also." 
 
 When we reflect that light travels from the moon to the eartli 
 m about 1 and 1-4 second, and from the sun in a^ut eight minutes, 
 we can form some slight conception otf the overwhelming distance 
 ffhich separates us from those distant stars, 20,000,000,000 times far- 
 ther awav than our sun. 
 
 In treating of this work of creation, I will follow out to a logical 
 conclusion the ideas suggested is the Nebular Hypothesis, where 
 
THE MOSAIGAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 ever it accords with tlioso tlioroughly established laws, both chemicaJ 
 and mechanical which control throughout this universe of uod. 
 
 THIS NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS 
 
 is the accepted theory of creation. It is the only theory which coii»- 
 oides with the facts, as ascertained by science. 
 
 It accounts for the present condition of the earth, and its history 
 in the past lior the origin of our sister planets, and their satellites, for 
 the sun, and its various phases, in fact, while it may be improve!? 
 upon, I doubt that it will ever be superseded. 
 
 The word "Nebula" means a cloud, and is applied by astronomers 
 » to whitish, cloudy spaces in the starry firmament (such as the milliy 
 way). 
 
 Some of these Nebulae, which telescopes fail to resolve into 
 bnown to be aggregations of stars, so unutterably far away, that 
 they appear to be, tut white patches in the sky. 
 
 Some of these Nebulae, by the aid of powerful telescopes, are 
 stars, are supposed to be, vaporous matter, in process of conden- 
 sation, into future worlds. 
 
 Hypothesis means a supposition or conjecture, literally, from 
 the Greek it means something placed beneath a foundation. 
 
 The Nebular Hypothesis, is therefore, the cloudy supposition, 
 or foundation of the origin of our Solar System. 
 
 It means therefore, a conjecture or supposition, that the mater 
 fals of which the solar system were formed, were m the form of a 
 vapory cloud, filling the space now occupied by the sun and its at- 
 tendant planets and that this material was in its elementary atomic 
 condition. 
 
 Every known substance can be convertetl into vapor, provid- 
 ing only, that it be submitted to a heat sufficiently intense. 
 
 The freezing point of water is 32 degrees F; below 32 degrees 
 it is solid; above 32 degrees and up to 212 degrees it is a liquid. 
 and above 212 degrees it is a vapor. 
 
 Mercury is a solid at 40 degrees below zero F; above that point 
 ap to 650 degrees it is a liquid, and above 650 degrees it is a gas. 
 
 Sulphur below a temperature of 2 2 degrees is a solid body, 
 between 2.32 degrees and 800 degrees it is a Uquul, and above 800 
 it is a gas. 
 
6 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATiaN. 
 
 The metal zinc is a solid up to about 700 degrees F when it be- 
 comes a liquid, and above 900 it is a gas. 
 
 These atoms of the materials, composing the sub, and his at- 
 tending planets, were supposed to occupy and fill the space now occu- 
 pied by the Solar System, and these atoms of gold, silver, iron, mer- 
 (Uiy, aluminum, calcium, etc, were floating in space, and presento'l 
 the appearance of a misty cloud over a space not less, probably than 
 'iC-O,(ux»,00(),(i<.O of miles in diameter. 
 
 Since this radius distance is about one-fiftieth part of the dis- 
 tance from our sun to the nearest centre of another system, we feeJ 
 that we are not exaggerating the distance to which the influence of 
 our sun extends, when we place It at 100 billions of miles. 
 
 Chemistry defines an atom to be such an infinitely small per 
 tion of physical sobstance, tbaf it ts incapable of any further sub 
 division. 
 
 It is impossible for the human mind to realize the almost infinite 
 divisibility of matter. 
 
 Take gold as an example, it is stated, that gold can be beaten 
 out into leaves so thin, that it will require 300,000 of them to make 
 one inch in thickness. 
 
 Imagine one of these thin leaves divided into enbe's of the sainr 
 diameter, one three hundred thOQsaadths part of an inch, and you: 
 will have 90,000,000,000 of these small cubes out of one square Inch 
 of gold leaf- 
 
 The number of these little cubes required to fill a box one inch 
 deep would be — how many ? 
 
 Counting one, each second, continuously night and day, would 
 require over 900 millions of years to count them, but if these cube's 
 were divided into atoms, the number would be not less than 100,000 
 times greater. 
 
 Such is the infinite divisibility of the materials of which thiB 
 physical world is composed. 
 
 According to the Nebular Hypothesis, this tremendous space of 
 100 billions of miles was filled with this vaporous material, of which 
 a universe was to be formed. 
 
 Creation was the calling into existence of this vaporous materiaS 
 and fashioning it into a solar system, with its central sun, its revolv- 
 h)g planets and their attendant satellites. 
 
 There is one thoroughly established law which infinite wisdom 
 and power has placed in operation, which was to control, and work 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 7 
 
 out to a complete and perfect system, this new creation which GckI 
 had determined upon for his own glwry. 
 
 This general law is the law of attraction which acts reciprocally 
 on all the materials composing this Physical Universe. 
 
 At creations dawn millions of our years ago it began its worli. 
 by the command of Jehovah and under its influence, life and motiou 
 were infused into the chaotic elements of future worlds. 
 
 The mutual attraction of these gaseous elements, resulted in con- 
 densation, the result of condensation Is motion, towards a common 
 centre with Its logical result, a development of heat. Thus at the com- 
 mand of Jehovah, the work of creation had begun. 
 
 Another result of condensation Is a cir(fular motion or revoli!- 
 tloD arotind a common centra, whether the material be a fluid or a gap. 
 
 A familiar illustration, of this motion, is found, when pouring 
 a liquid through a large funnel, the passage of the liquid, through thtr 
 funnel l)elow. is practically, condensation, the liquid moving from 
 the circumference rowarls a common centre, as soon as tlie funu*^! 
 starts flowing, and is filled, a circular motion, around a common cen- 
 tre begins, and continues, so long, as the funnel is kept filled, and tJii.«: 
 motion, is difficult to check or control. 
 
 The result of this attraction, acting upon this enormous mass ot 
 vaporized material, was, that through condensation, motion was im- 
 parted, and this motion, was around the common centre, which centre, 
 ultimately was the sun, the centre of this great system. 
 
 Chemical cohesive attraction once begun, went forward witii 
 accelerated speed; more rapid condensation with a greater accelerated 
 speed, of revolution. 
 
 When, this speed of revolvition became so great, that the cenlr-.- 
 fugal force eiceded, at the circumference, the attraction towards tlir 
 centre, the outer ring of vapor, now having become incandescent, 
 through the great heat of condensation, separated from tlie main body 
 and formed a fiery, revolving ring, which by rfurther condensation, 
 «nd combination, became a blazing planet In the sky. 
 
 In the mean time, further condensation, produces mora rapid re» 
 oIutlOD, resulting in the separation of another Incandscent ring, from 
 the blazing mass, until one ring after another, having separated, (each 
 the nucleus of a planet) nothing remains bat the central fiery mass, 
 representing the sun, around which these flaming rings, or embryo 
 planets were circling. 
 
s thp: mosaical account of ceeation. 
 
 rerh:ii)s it may not be oiear to all, whence the source of this Iti- 
 tiiiso heat, where originates these fiery conditious? 
 
 Heat and cold are relative terms, cold is simply absence ol heat 
 remove heat and a lower temperature results. A temperature of 
 degrnes indicates, that there Is a temperatui'e 32 degrees less than the 
 J'reezing point of water, not that there is a total absence of heat, so 
 also a temperature of 100 degrees below degree a relatively less 
 amount of heat. 
 
 A (familiar example of a popular error, will Illustrate this, la 
 freezing cream, we place the cream in a can, and surround the can, 
 with a mixture of salt and ice. Any one would probably say, that the 
 salt and ice, was for the purpose of furnishing cold, to freeze the 
 eream, but the reverse, is the case, it is for the purpose, of drawing 
 away tlie heat from the cream. 
 
 The salt has a powarful attraction, for the water of the ice. but 
 cannot unite with it, unless the ice melts, but the ice cannot melt with 
 out heat it therefore, draws the heat away from the cream as it 
 melts, and leaves the cream frozen. 
 
 Throughont, this vast area of 100 billions of miles, diffused, 
 throughout this elementary vapor, filling this enormous space, there 
 was a certain normal temperature prevailing. 
 
 This normal temperature of space, is variously estimated, as 
 low as 500 degrees below zero F. Let us assume it to be 500 degree-3 
 F. as the zero of absolute temperature. 
 
 Supposing now this vapor condensed, to one thousandth part of 
 Its original bulk, then the resulting temperature, wouW correspond to 
 oOO degrees of F, which, is within 150 degrees of a dull red heat 
 
 Bat the condensation from the original bulli in space, to the diam- 
 eter of Neptune's orbit, would reauce the I?ulk to one eight 
 thousandth part, of the original bulk, which is equivalent to a theo- 
 retical temperature, of 3500 degrees F. 
 
 The fact is, that such an enormous temperature, must be greatly 
 reduced. Excessive heat produces expansion, and checks condensa- 
 tion, until the excess is radiated, at what degree of temperature, thi* 
 neutral point would be reached, we know not. 
 
 This much can be said, that when that degree of temperature, is 
 reached, where excessive heat, neutralizes condensation, from that 
 point, condensation continues, only, in proportion, to the radiation of 
 that excessive heat 
 
 The sun, is probably, in the condition, where the intense heat 
 prevents further rapid condensation, but there is no doubt that, In 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 future millions of years, it will go on radiating heat, with correspond- 
 ing proportionate contraction, until, in the far off Eternity (almost) 
 when this planet on which we live, has become a frozen, dried up 
 sphere, the sun shrunk to one-half, or less, its present l)ulk, may be 
 preparing for the future home, of ottii^i^'aiih better beings, than ever 
 peopled this earth. * "" ' 
 
 One thousand degrees' is the equivalent of a red heat one thous- 
 and five hundred degrees to two thousand degrees a white heat and 
 six thousand degrees the heat of the Electric Arc. 
 
 What a grand and glorious Sig'ht.'must have been presented, in 
 the sky, nine mighty rings, of incandescent matter, revolving, arouu(] 
 a blazing central mass, each mass growing brighter, as it grew more 
 spherical, through continuous condensation, until a solid nucleus, of 
 melted material, is formed in each fiery mass, each aggregating to Its 
 own nucleus, this melted material, which formed, finally, a planet, 
 glawing with the brilliancy of the sun. Fig. 1. 
 
 Thus, through laws, coutrolling and governing, the matter of the 
 material world, and placed in operation, by the Infinite power, of a 
 great Creator was the inolar system of Avhich we are an infinitestimal 
 poition, established, in God's universe. 
 
 This, was the period referred to in the first chapter of Ceuesis, 
 '•In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." 
 
 What a magnificent sight, this must have been, could it have 
 been granted, to mortal eyes, to look forth, upon this mighty work- 
 shop of the Infinite Creator, this great labratory, as it were, where 
 mighty masses of glowing materials, were moulded into worlds, re 
 plete with everything necessary, to gratify the necessities, and fancies 
 of its future inhabitants. 
 
 Each fieiy Planet, from one hundred to one thousand times great- 
 er, than its present bulk, and shining, with a brilliancy which, the eye 
 could not endure. 
 
 Our own planet, at the time when the moon, in a manner similar 
 to the planets, separated, from its revolving surface, must have beoi 
 51)0,000 miles in diameter, instead of the 8000 which it is now. It 
 then extended to the moon, and both together, rivaled the suu in 
 brilliancy. 
 
 What a change, in our cold pale satellite, and how diflicult to 
 realize, yet the thousands upon thousands of volcanic cones, visible 
 through a telescope upon the moon's surface, Indicate clearly that 
 our cold, pale, dead neighbor, was once, full of activity, and her coiidi- 
 
10 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CBEATION, 
 
 tion, now-' points out the path, which our earth too, must tread, Ju 
 future ages. 
 
 From the beginning until the period, when the earth became suf- 
 ficiently cooled, so that the water, could remain upon it, long ages 
 elapsed. In which, these crude planets, were radiating into space, their 
 surplus heat, and becoming cooled, to a contlition, which would enable 
 tliem to be utilized, in God's plan of Creation. 
 
 The smaller planets, including the Earth, parted with their heat, 
 fii-st, while the two larger planets, Jupiter and Saturn are now prob- 
 ably too hot, for water to remain upon them, and Jupiter, Js covered 
 with dense cloud. 
 
 Naturally the heavier materials of the Solar system, would 
 gravitate toward the center of the mass, and this is borne out, by the 
 specific gravities of the planets. 
 
 The bullc of the sun is so great on account of its thick gaseous 
 envelope, that its true specific gravity cannot be obtained, but the 
 other planets, confirm the theory. Mercury is 12 Venus 6 Earth 5 Ju- 
 piter 1.}, but this is not correct for Jupiter, for the calculation includes 
 its cloudy envelope. 
 
 Our Earth avrages 5, btit from the surface, to a considerable 
 depth, the average Is only 2i, showing that the heavier materials must 
 be towards the earth's centre, or that compression produces greater 
 density. 
 
 THE FIRST DAY OF CREATION. FIG. 2. 
 
 At that point in the history of the solar system, where the earth 
 as one of the planetary spheres, had cool*d down to about 1000 de- 
 grees F iu temperature, the statements and conditions of the 1st verse 
 of Genesis having been realized, we surmise that the vision of crea- 
 tion as given by Moses begins. See 2nd verse of Genesis. Fig. 2. 
 
 In the 2nd verse of Genesis he speaks of the earth as if existent 
 and visible, being •'without (form and void" even after it had been 
 created, therefore some meaning must be given to that expression 
 consistent with the spherical existence of the earth and logically con- 
 sistent with what follows. 
 
 "Without form and void" would therefore mean that this newly cre- 
 ated sphere was destitute of tliose ordinary features characteristic 
 of the earth as Moses knew it, no mountains with their forests, no ex- 
 tensive plains with their lakes and rivers ail a dreary featurelesMi 
 formle.s.s waste. 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 There is uo desire on the part at the author to carp at the word 
 day for it is used in the Bible to express an idefinite period. 
 
 In the 2nd chapter of (Jenesis, and the 4th verse it is used to in- 
 clude the whole 6 days otf Creation. 
 
 "A thousand years is as one day" to the Lord. 
 
 The Lord's 7th day of Creation is now over 6000 years old and 
 no one can tell how many hundreds of thousands of years it may con- 
 tinue. 
 
 "The day of Salvation" is also 0000 years old and the otter not 
 yet withdrawn. 
 
 "Darkness rested upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of God 
 nioved upon the face of the waters" is the further description of tli*- 
 first day. 
 
 This description, "darkness and water" gives a clue to the c*ondi- 
 tiou of the earth. 
 
 At some period in the history of the earth's development, th«? 
 water belonging to it, was in the air as cloudy vapor and since watei' 
 expands about 800 times in becoming vapor, the clouds upon the 
 earth's surface must have extended over 2000 miles above the earth, 
 and rested upon the earth with a pressure of 6000 lbs. per square inch, 
 instead of 15 lbs. as it does now. 
 
 Also there was oxygen free and combined with carbon, chlorine, 
 sulphur, sodium, potassium, lead, zinc, etc., in the form of vapoi, 
 which would increase the pressure three fold or about 20,000 lbs. to 
 the square inch. 
 
 Water boils at a temperature ranging fi-om 40 degrees in a vac- 
 cuum to 212 degrees at the pressure of one atmosphere. 
 
 At 10 atmospheres (14l> lbs. per square inch) the boiling point )s 
 about 350 degrees while a pressure of 20,000 lbs. it boils at about 
 1500 degrees F. or double tlie melting point of zinc, the temperatuiv 
 of a bright flame. 
 
 Enlightened by the above logical condition of the earth, at some 
 ix>int in its history after it became a sphere, let us ascertain whether 
 the al)ove statement of Moses will apply. 
 
 Above and surrounding the earth was this dense dark mass or 
 vapor and gas which absolutely excluded every ray of light from tnc 
 outside universe, so dense and dark was it that the light from the 
 earth's incandescent sphere, only served to illuminate and make plaiD 
 its hideous blackness, and caused the inspired writer to exclaim, that 
 •'darkness covered the face of the deep." See Fig. 2. 
 
12 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 The question then arises, bow could the "spirit of GoU move 
 upon the waters" or how could such an idea arise in the mind ot 
 ^Eose^? 
 
 Let us recall some of the eventful periods in the life of Moses 
 and see if we cannot find out clearly what was associated in his mind 
 with the spirit of GodV 
 
 While Moses was herding Jethro's sheep in the desert of Sinai. 
 (Exodus III 2-5v.) he was amazed at the sight of a grove on fire with 
 not a leaf withered nor a twig scorched, and there he learned that a 
 Halo Off Glory like unto a brilliant flame was characteristic of the 
 presence of God's spirit. 
 
 Again as Moses was loading the Israelites out ot H^gypt, the spirit 
 of God as a pillar of fire guarded the retreat of the Israelites from 
 the Egyptian Hosts at the crossing of the Ked Sea, and ovei'whelmed 
 the Egyptians in the waters, and for 40 years long il was their pro- 
 tector and guide during their journey through the wilderness. 
 
 That Mount Sinai from which the laws and regulations for their 
 government, and around which ilor eleven months they encamped 
 seemed to be all on fire, through the ccntinued presence of thai 
 Glorious Spirit. 
 
 So that for 40 long years oif his life as a law giver and leader, a 
 flaming fire was associated in his mind with the presence of the Spirit 
 of God 
 
 Can we wonder then, as he looked forth upon this great sphere 
 covered with water heated to a brilliant flame color under a pressure 
 1000 times greater than now exists aud saw the waves of flame roll- 
 ing and surging upon its surface, he should have exclaimed that "The 
 Spirit of God moves upon the face of the waters." 
 
 Untold myriads of years passed away, the earth continually radi- 
 ating its heat into space was covered with the blackness of darkness 
 and, as it cooled, the water of the atmosphere condensed upon its 
 surface, and the atmospheric pressure correspondingly decreased until 
 the darkness hanging like a pall over the earth gave way to a faint 
 gray in the sky, like the first scarcely preceptible beginning of dawn, 
 until at last when the bulk of the earth's water had settled upon its 
 surface, a dim, diffused light from the outside world had entered and 
 banishetl the midnight blackness. 
 
 So it was, in obedience to the Creator's fiat, there was Light and 
 the first day of the earth's development was complete. 
 
 I cannot agree with Dana and others (see Dana's Cosmogony p. 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 13 
 
 845 of his Maii|Uel) who locate the light of this first period in the uebu- 
 lar condeusation, hundreds of millious of years prior to the time, 
 when the earth became a spherical body, for as a spherical l^ody only, 
 could it be literally called the earth or its condition described. 
 
 It seems to me that the first verse completes all, that is Intended 
 to be said concerning the creation of the solar system, anu that 1st 
 verse indicates clearly that the earth, had in the i:ud verse a distinct; 
 and separate existence, also the liglit, which appeared at the close or 
 the 1st day was without doubt the dim light of the sun dilTused 
 through the slowly thinning banlis of clouds enveloping tlie earth, 
 and suggesting the idea of night and day. 
 
 In my opinion, the above interpretation is coulirmed bj- the devel- 
 opment af the firmament on the 2ud day, and by the correlation of 
 the 3rd day with the geological facts. 
 
 Evidently my view is more logical than Danas. 
 
 "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth," seems 
 to be an introduction to the subject. Ue does not then go on to ex- 
 plain, how this creation was brought alwut. 
 
 The earth's condition after its creation must have been an incan- 
 descent sphere. The spherical earth was there in his vision, but it 
 was destitute of its reguJar order and arrangement, formless and vo-tl. 
 
 On the other hand let us look at the dithculties surrounding 
 Dana's Cosmogony, which places the 1st day of Moses at the very 
 beginning of the nebular condensation. 
 
 Under such conditions Moses could have seen nothing. Uniform 
 darkness reigned everywhere, no waters anywhere on which the spirit 
 of God could have moved— no earth in existence anywhere for him to 
 describe, no water existed until long after the earth became a sphere. 
 He could have said, "There is darkness on the great deep and 
 God said let there be light" but this light Avould have been cosmlcaf 
 light, continuous and growing brighter until a glowing si)h<Mv w.is 
 evolved. 
 
 The light of the Mosaical account was not cosmical light, but 
 an alternating light separating night from day, and darkness from 
 a light. In other words it was the diffused sunlight iH-netrating 
 the cloudy envelope of the earth, for the sun and e.nUi were creaLC.! 
 at the same time, although the sun was not visibl(> from tho earfh 
 until the 4th. period or day. 
 
 Dana in his cosmogony of the 1st day isnores ail ol th-'sie points 
 
14 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION, 
 
 mentioned above and confines his tirsi day of Moses to ttie appear- 
 ance of cosmical light alone. 
 
 A fair interpretation of Moses in the light of his other statements 
 locates his first day in the close of the Archean or Azoic Period 
 and at a point just prior to where the earth had sulticiently cooled so 
 as to admit of lower forms of marine organic life, also diffused sun- 
 light through the dense envelope of clouds. 
 
 The history of the creation and development of the earth In- 
 volves three great periods characterized by the conditions which 
 prevail. 
 
 1st. An Age of Heat. (See chait, colored red on chart.) This 
 period began with nebular condensation and continued until the time 
 in its history, when the earth and its surrounding waters uad cooled 
 down to about 135 degrees F. so that the lower forms of organic life 
 began to be possible upon it, and includes the first day of Moses. 
 
 2nd. The Age of Water (colored blue) incl^udes the Palaezolc and 
 Mesozoic age of geology. This period includes all of the life in the 
 Palaczoic age, also the Reptilian life of the Mesozoic age, for this age 
 of water extended from the close of the Azoic to the beginning of the 
 Tertiary. 
 
 The Reptilian or Mesozoic age necessitated a Tropical Climate 
 and the prevalence of Swamps, Lakes and iJayous, for it is only under 
 such conditions that such enormous Reptiles could have flourished so 
 wonderfully, without abundant water they could not flourish, and in 
 fact, the elevation of the continents was their destruction, and their 
 destmction terminated the age of water. 
 
 3rd. The Age of Dry Land vWOWk color) extends from and In- 
 cludes the Tertiary up to the present time. 
 
 THE SECOND DAY OF CREATION. 
 
 The beginning of this 2nd day finds the earth enveloped In the 
 dim light oif a densely cloudy day, the cloudy masses like a dense tog 
 pressing down upon the earth 
 
 A slow change, however, is taking place. The clouds are gradu- 
 ally rising up from the earth and cleai- space faitervenes between 
 the vast oceans of the earth and the watery clouds of the sky. Dur- 
 ing the 2nd day the earth is continuously cooling, the moisture of the 
 atmosphere condensing, the clouds thinning away, the space above 
 the earth towards the clouds (the firmament) increasing, with the 
 consequent result of Increased light upon the earth. 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 15 
 
 The cooling of the earth produced contraction of Its vclume and 
 a giving way in the wealier portions of its crust into which the waters 
 flowing left those portions of the crust which did not yield, nearer the 
 surface and these last finally became the continents. 
 
 The lower forms of life are represented in this 2nQ day although 
 not mntioned in the account of Moses and this iauure connrms the 
 thv.ory that the outlines of Creation were presented to Moses in a vis- 
 ioi:. and he jpontlons only those things which were apparent to his 
 sight, he therefore mcntior.s no forms of life. (Invisible because coverrtJ 
 by the sea.j 
 
 This second day begins somewhere about the base of the 
 Lower Silurian and extends to the Tertiary, including the lower forms 
 of life in the Silurian, the marine vertebrates of the Devonian, the 
 amphibious animal and vegetable life of the carboniferous and the 
 Reptiles of the Mesozoic. and is THE AGE OP WATER. 
 
 The above classification is in strict conformity with the re- 
 searches of the geologists, and a logical deduction from the language 
 of Moses, 
 
 The prevailing types o«f animal and vegetable life, at first entirely 
 marine and at Its close amphibious, prove that the Palaezoic and 
 Mesozoic ages are properly classified under the title of the watery age, 
 and the 2nd day of Moses characterized by the slow rising of the 
 cloudy envelope above the earth and Its continuous condensation, 
 shows that the age of water continued until the continents lifted 
 their lofty heads above the ocean. The two are therefore Identical. 
 
 The development of the firmament Is the only work of that 2nd 
 day, yet It covered the most Important field of geological investigation. 
 
 That these subaqueous and amphibious forms of life were 
 wholly Ignored by Moses can partly be accounted for from the theory, 
 that the vision of necessity revealed nothing beneath the waters, and 
 also because these .forms of life, had but little importance in their 
 bearing upon the great object of Creation, ("The life of Man,") for 
 nothing of the animal life of this 2nd day (age of water) was aliowed 
 fcr the sustenance of Man. Man by a law of Moses was forbidden to 
 eat any animal food irora the water, but that which had both fins and 
 scales. Nothing from among birds which lived on animal food, and 
 o£ land animals only such as chewed the cud and divided the hoof. 
 See Leviticus IT Cbap. All of the above belonged to and flourished 
 
le THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CBEATION. 
 
 In a period much later than the Mesozoic Ago, and having a veiy in- 
 fluential bearing upon Man's life and sustenance were therefore men- 
 tioned by Moses in his 5th and Cth days. 
 
 The vegetation prior to the Tertiary was also entirely ignored, for 
 there was nothing prior to that period which would "support a, 
 donliey" as Hugh Miller expresses it. 
 
 God through Moses had virtuall.v condemned as unclean and abom- 
 inable in his sight the forms of life peculiar to the Palaezoic and Mes- 
 ozoic age, and therefore it would be too much to expect that these 
 forms of Organic life could take a prominent place in this vision of 
 Creation, aa introduction to the history of Man's redemption au4 
 purification. 
 
 Would the Spirit of God reveal in a vision to Moses as one of 
 the prominent characteristics of this newly born world, those forms 
 of physical Life, the very touch of which would have shut out Moses 
 from the presence or influence of that SpiiTt for a period of seven 
 days? 
 
 I think not! 
 
 Yet the fact remains, that the 2nd day of Creation covered a 
 period in which these lower marine, amphibian and 'reptilian forms of 
 Life flourished. 
 
 Dana in his cosmogony locates the 2nd day as also the first in 
 the Nebular period where the nebular matter is condensing and throw- 
 ing oflf planetary spheres, and closes his 2nd day with the earth oa 
 Incandescent sphere. 
 
 His 2nd day closes where we think the 1st day of Moses begins. 
 (See chart.) 
 
 He assmmes that the expression of Moses "dividing the waters 
 from the waters'' means dividing melted rock 'from the melted or fluid 
 rocks. It is a very queer inspiration, saying one thing and meaninj; 
 another. 
 
 I cannot agree with him in this, aa an interpretation of Moses, 
 and therefore protest against such a perversion of the plain language 
 of Moses. Water is not melted rock, and the firmament is generally 
 understood to be the clear space above the earth towards the clouds 
 and what is commonly called Heaven Nebular condensation is not 
 Flrmamental expansion. 
 
 At the beginning of the 2nd day, the wateiy vapor and clouds 
 rested upon the universal ocean. The firmament was the development 
 throuijb cooling and condensation of a clear space above the earth 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 17 
 
 , r 
 
 extending to the clouds "separating the waters, which are below the 
 firmament from the waters above" and Includes the period In which 
 water prevailed upon the earth, and clouds coverea the sky which T 
 call the age of water. (See chart.) 
 
 The 2nd day of Moses logically, geologically and arithmetically 
 fits into the place below the 3rd day. 
 
 Moses describes the imperfect conditions which characterized the 
 Physical earth while the continents were struggling upwards from 
 the Palaezoic oceans and Mesozolc seas, how, during that Period of the 
 2nd day universal clouds and mists at its beginning, were 8ucceede<l 
 by clearing skies and a higher firmament, but not one word does ho 
 speak concerning the great panorama of lower Organic Life which 
 entered upon the stage and passed away, while the earth was slowly 
 developing its continental Dry Laud conditions. 
 
 He describes on that 2nd day atmospheric conditions which could 
 only have existed during the Palaezoic and Mesozoic Ages which are 
 corroborated by the geological records of those periods, as periods oif 
 continuous clouds and mists, f oceans, seas, and swamps; of amphi- 
 bious vegetable and animal Life. 
 
 Prof. Pepper claims for the carboniferous age "a damp and 
 steamy atmosphere with incessant rains". Dana (p. 352) claim* 
 "heavy mists" which presupposes continuous clouds. 
 
 THE THIRD DAY OF CREATION. 
 
 The Mosalcal vision of the 3rd day opens with tli© appeoranoe of 
 the Dry Land above the oceans and the gathering of the waters Into 
 seas. 
 
 There can be here no question concerning the meaning and Inten- 
 tion of Moses. He means that the continents appeared alx)ve th« 
 waves with their mountains, down whose slopes the waters flowed 
 forming the rills, creeks and rivers, carrying off the water from th» 
 surface and leaving the laud "dry." 
 
 Geology teaches that the groat Dry Land period, began at the end 
 of the Mesozoic period and continued through the Tertiary. 
 
 (Dana p. 784 and 785.) "The great modintains of the globe did 
 not take the larger part of their elevation until the Tertiary." 
 
 (P. 826.) "The great era of mountain making for all continents 
 began in the early Tertiary and continued to the end." 
 
 This is conclusive as to the correspondence of the Diy Land, 
 day of Moses and the Tertiary Period of the geologists. 
 
18 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 A further claim for Moses Is found in the 12th verse. "The earth 
 brought forth grass and the herb yielding seed and fruit trees." 
 
 While cereals and grasses which can only flourish on Dry Land, 
 from the nature of their location, are not easily preserved as fossils, 
 yet Geology confirms the identity of the 3rd day with the Tertiary by 
 showing that the "ordinary fruit trees" began their existence In the 
 close of the Mesozolc and beginning oi the Tertiary. 
 
 Dana p. 458 and 459, thus affording additional testimony as to 
 the identity of the 3rd day of Moses and the early Tertiary of the 
 geologists. 
 
 According to Geology the first really permanent Dry Land with 
 the great mountains appeared in the Tertiary, from the Azoic the 
 continents may have been outlined but they were continually rising 
 above and falling below the level of the sea and the marine stratified 
 deposits throughout each period, Archaean, Silurian, Devonian, Car- 
 boniferous and Permian varying from bOOO feet to 25000 feet in thick- 
 ness deposited in water prove this. 
 
 Truly the above were fine locations for Dry Land in the midst of 
 pre Silurian oceans of a thousand .fathoms, more or less, in depth. 
 
 Dawso'j p. 19. Laurentian "The earth presented an almo.st 
 boundless ocean." (p. 7G, Silurian) "There, all is sea." (p. 44) "The 
 vast continental plateaus of the northern hemisphei'e were almost 
 wholly submerged". The Laurentian is where Dana locates the Dry 
 Land of Moses. 
 
 He does this under the plea that the continents were outlined in 
 that early period. Supposing they were, they were not uplifted as 
 continents, nor clothed with Tertiary vegetation such as is described 
 by Moses, and no one knows this more thoroughly than Dana himself. 
 
 In the Archaen period where Dana locates the Third Period or 
 day of Moses, there was no vegetable life at all, not even sea-weed 
 which appeared before, swan^p plants by millions of years, and the 
 latter flourished In their swamps and bayous with their alligators and 
 reptiles long ages before Dry Land with its vegetation appeared 
 on the Third day according to the claim of Moses. Dana p. 157, says 
 of the period whore he locates this 3rd day of Dry Land and Cereals 
 and Fruit Trees "No di.stinct remains of plants have been observed." 
 Moses is entitled to a fair and reasonable interpretation of his 
 language, nothing more and surely nothing less. If he is so absurd 
 as to locate Dry Land continents with cereals and fruit trees, amid 
 Silurian Oceans, let him bear the consequences, but if he locates his 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACC0I*NT OP CREATION. 1« 
 
 3rd day amid other and more congenial suri'oundings, \for the sake 
 of honesty and decency locate his 3rd day where it belongs, and In 
 this way only can he reliability of his inspiration, be ascertained. 
 
 This third day is the true key of the whole position and proves 
 the correctness of my Intorpretation of the conditions of the first and 
 second days and shows how logically the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days follow 
 each other. 
 
 To support my assertion concerning the 3rd day as a Dry Laud 
 period I have coUec^ted some additional items frotn Dana, Lyell and 
 Le Conte. 
 
 Dana Manual p. 523. "'During the Tertiary, all of the groat moun- 
 tain chains of the world were made, or added thciusands of feet to 
 their height, and hundreds of thousands of "square miles to their 
 area." 
 
 "The elevation of the Rockies" In the TertiaiT was not less than 
 11,000 feet." 
 
 P. 525. "The Pyrenees rose (in the TertiaiT) 9000 feet and the 
 Alps 10,000 feet". During the middle Tertiary the Hebrides rose 3 
 or 4000 feet and in Sicily 3000 feet." 
 
 "All through the Tertiaiy, Eurpoe, Asia and America progressed 
 In bolder features and Dry Land." 
 
 Page 526. "At the end oif the Tertiaiy the continental mountains 
 had reached their full height." 
 
 Dana p. 458. Early Tertiary "We find a great change in the vege- 
 tation of the continent". "Here we find the first yet known of the or- 
 dinary fruit trees of temperate regions." 
 
 Dana p. 514, Tertiary. "In the isle of Sheppy, England fotjsil 
 fruits are found." "Also figs." Tertiary in n^urope "apple, plum, 
 almond, myrtle, whortleberry, maple and oak, are found, also alder, 
 beech and lemon." Lyell p. 21G, Lower Tertiary "Fossil fruits in 
 England" "also custard, apples and melons." 
 
 The additional claim of Moses for fruit trees in his 3rd day Is 
 shown by Lyell Le Conte and Dana to be sustained in the Tertiary 
 thus confirming the identity of the two periods in all respects. 
 
 Notwithstanding the above proof from his own Manual, Dana 
 forces the rd day of Moses back into exactly the position which is 
 Identical with the 1st day of Moses. He ignores entirely the language 
 and claim of Moses, and its correspondence with his own account of 
 the Tertiary, and arbitrarily consigns the 3rd day of Mo.^es to a pos- 
 
aO THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 ition having nothing in common with the claims of Moses, but just the 
 reverse. 
 
 Think of the absurdity of locating a strictly Dry Land conti- 
 nental period with its cereals and fruit trees in the midst of 
 pre-Silurian oceans of a thousand fathoms, more or less in depth. 
 
 Dana locates the 3rd day of Moses in the 2nd and 3rd Era's of the 
 Archaean Period p. 147, and according to him this is the "Dry Land" 
 day otf Moses. 
 
 Now let us see what Dana has to say of this period geologically. 
 
 Manual p. 147. "Archaean rocl<s are the only universal forma- 
 tion" since these rocks were wholly deposited under water, it follows 
 that the earth was universally covered with water, also the Dry Land 
 of Moses was under water, (p. 147) These rocks "extended all over 
 the ocean floor, and were the material of all emerged land." 
 
 Ocean Floor according to Dana was the dry land of Moses for be 
 locates it Avhere and when these rocks were in process of deposition 
 beneath the sea. 
 
 On p. lf)6 Dana says of the Archaean "The ocean alone no great 
 rivers." 
 Of the Silurian still later he says: (p. 169) "Marine life only", (p. 18C> 
 "Sea-weeds only", (p. 223) Sea-weeds only." (p. 238) "Lower Marine 
 Life." (p. 250) "The Continent" included comparatively little Dry 
 Land. 
 
 The above Is what Dana says about the period in which he has 
 located the Dry Land of Moses. 
 
 Dawson on this period, of Laurentian (Archaean) Dry Land of 
 Moses says: (p. 19) "The earth presented an almost boundless Ocean." 
 (p. 44) "The vast continental plateaus of the northern hemisphere* 
 were almost wholly submerged." On page 76 he says oif the Silurian 
 "There all is sea." 
 
 The above is a fine showing for "Dry Land". Dana violates the 
 3rd rule of interpretation by dividing the 3rd aay and locating the two 
 parts in widely different locations. (See chart. 
 
 Dana locates the Fruit Tree division of the 3rd day in the Car- 
 boniferous Age, and as a commentary -upon it, on his 321 page states 
 that there were no "Angiosperius" in that age, and that is the very 
 class which includes Fruit Trees. 
 
 Such outrageous juggling with the plain declarations of Mose» 
 deserves the severest condemnation. 
 
 Dana knew that there was no vegetation in the Carbonif©rous 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 21 
 
 nor for a million years after, such as cereals and fruit trees, yet he 
 Btullifles himself and defrauds Moses, in the location of the 3rd day 
 under conditions which were opposite to those stated by Moses. 
 
 Dana on page 291 of his Manual, says of the Carboniferous Age, 
 where he locates the Dry Land cereal vegetation and Fruit trees of 
 Moses.. I quote not his exact words but the idea. "The Carboniferous 
 Age began with a Marine Oceanic Period— continued with continental 
 swampy plains, entirely submerged a large portion of the time, and 
 ended with total submersion." 
 
 The above is a line showing for Dry Land vegetation, but Is fully 
 proved by the thousands of feet of solid rock deposited while beneath 
 the water during that period. 
 
 When at its highest level Dana (p. 355) says of it. "The old in- 
 terior sea covered the Rocliy mountains." The Cincinnati Kidge, the 
 only land west of New Yorls above the marshy level" no rivers! "No 
 s^fBcient drainage." "The wide plains marshy and spotted with 
 shallow lakes." 
 
 The above Is th^ kind of Land palmed off upon Moses as Dry." 
 
 Dana shows in his Manual that not a Plant nor tree of the kind 
 claimed by Moses for hig Srd day existed in that period assigned to 
 ilia Srd (see pages 351, 353 and 354) for the Plant life of that Period. 
 That age (the carbonlfero'us) passed away, also the Triassic and 
 Jurassic Periods, but nothing of the vegetation claimed by Mosea had 
 yet appeared and it was not until the close of the Cretaceous fully a 
 million years later that we find a great change in the vegetation of 
 the earth, which ushered in the forms of vegetable life claimed by 
 Moses for hla Srd day and these Modern forms of vegetation became 
 predominant during the succeeding age (the Tertiary.) 
 
 Yet Moses for his Srd day is relegated to a period v.hore no Dry 
 Land nor vegetation, such as he describes existed. 
 
 The fruit trees of Moses were Angiosperms and their first ap- 
 pearance was in the closing Mcsozoic (pages 458 and 471) 4 ages or 
 epochs later than where located by the geologists. 
 
 On page SCO Dana's Manual "no Angiosperms" in the Carbonifer- 
 ous Ago. On page 430 "No Angiosperms" in the Middle Mesozoic, 2 
 epoclis later. On pages 454, 458 and 471 "Angiosperms and modern 
 plants" appeared in tlie closing Mesozoic and early Tertiary. Duna, 
 (p. 480) says: "Sea covered a large part of the Andes and Rocky moiun- 
 t«ine." "The Alps, Pyranees and Himalayas were partly under water, 
 
22 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 Europe a great Archipelago" in the closing Mesozoic, "continents were 
 to a great extent submerged. 
 
 Of this period Geology has no record from the very nature of 
 the case, but there are conditions which logically point to tht* fact that 
 dry land for the first time followed or was coincident with t^e eleva- 
 tion of the continents on the 3rd day of Moses and the Tertiary 
 geological period. 
 
 Fossil tropical plants have been found In abundance within a few 
 degrees otf the pole which proves that prior to the Tertiary period a 
 tropical temperature extended all over the world. 
 
 This is conceded by geologists and could only have resulted from 
 a dense continuous mantle of clouds covering the earth and thereby 
 preventing the radiation of the earth's heat into space. 
 
 The 3rd day is characterized by the continents rising like huge 
 giants from their ocean beds, higher and higher they rise, their crests 
 passing upward through the firmament reach the clouds and force 
 them upward and still upward into the colder regions of the atmos- 
 phere, where through rapid condensation the rills become streams, 
 and the streams torrents which go plunging and foaming down the 
 mountain slopes. 
 
 The clouds grow lighter and thinner until their moisture is con- 
 densed and then first the sunshine reaches the earth, and t)ie ord day 
 is ended. The 4th day is also complete. 
 
 The physical world is at last complete and prepared for those 
 higher forms of life, its creator had designed for it. 
 
 The continents have risen above the sea— their plains are begin- 
 ning to be clothed in verdure suited for the support of anim.il life- 
 Forests begin to clothe the mountain slopes, fruits, berriej, nuts and 
 seeds are plentiiful— the sun shines upon the earth, and all is ready for 
 the 5th day, and with the logic bom of divine inspiration it comes. 
 Sunshine, according to Dana, comes in the middle of the l*:ilae- 
 zoic Age, when the sky was covered the world over, with thick clouds, 
 and the result of that universal claudy condition was a universal 
 tropical temperature extending throughout the Palaezoic and Reptil- 
 ian ages. 
 
 Had the Shining of the Sun occurred at the period indicated by 
 Daua, there would have been no carboniferous swamp plants of tropi- 
 cal growth, no wondoiful Reptilian Monsters of the Mesozoic age. 
 
 It was the continual upheaval of the Tertiary period, which 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 2a 
 
 brought out the Sunshine and destroyed the great Reptiles of the Me- 
 i OKOic, and yet Dana places the advent of Sunshine at a period when, 
 if it really had appeared, it would have utterly destroyed two of ttic 
 l><'arest of geological idols, •'Swamp Plants and Reptiles." 
 
 THE i^FTll DAY OF CREATION. 
 
 Genesis 1st chap. 20 and 21st. verses. And (lod said. Let the wat- 
 ers bring forth abundantly the moving creature that lialli llft^. anti 
 fowl that may tly above tlie earth in the open lirmanient of heaven. 
 
 21 And God ereate<J great whales, and every living creature that 
 moveth, which the Maters brouglit forth abundantly after their Icind. 
 and every winged fowl after his kind: and (rod saw that it v,'as good. 
 
 Cottceruing the animal life of tlie r)th day thert- is some ambiguity, 
 i>ut it is not difficult to give its proper i>lace in the cosmogony of 
 Moses, His first statement, That the "waters bring forth' the moving 
 creature which hath life" standing b.v itself could easily be referred 
 to any period from the Palezoic to the Tertiary inclusive, but logi- 
 cally, having located the :.;d and the 4th in the Tertiary, the 5th da.r 
 ought at least to be contemporaneous if not later than the 8d and 
 4th and logically come after them. 
 
 We cannot extend tlur r»th da.v bacliward over the Mesozoic agf 
 -for continental conditions of the 3d day were fatal to the Reptilia!i 
 age Dana p. 487 says "at the close of the Cretaceous (Mesozoic) oc- 
 curred the raost comi)Iete extermination of Species." p 488 "The des- 
 ti^uction W8S due to the more or less complete emergence of the con- 
 tinents'' also "The vast majority of species disappear." 
 
 The moving creatures of the water therefore of the r>th day muor 
 have been food tisli, or (Tellosts. as they are callwl) or Mnrin<' Mam 
 malia 
 
 lu tiie 9th chapter of Genesis tlie statement is made tliat the bl«)od 
 js the Iffe TtTnp and again this is reiterated in Leviticus and Deuter- 
 ouomy and the Israelites are warned against eating of blood becaus.' 
 it is the life. This is one of tlic most imi)Ortant declarations of the 
 Bible and upon it is based the plan of salvation. Moses does not refer 
 to this doctrine lightly in tlie 20th verse of tlie 1st Cliap. of Genesis. 
 Blood and life are fynonymovis terms in tlie I'.ible. and wliatt-vor 
 IXJsessea Life in a BIbiical s(>nse, lias warm red Wood. 
 
 Moses In his 5th day calls for tlie advnit of the moving creature 
 that hath life (or blood; and lie does so advisedly. 
 
 ReptUfiS and cold blooded animals are moving creatures, but from 
 
24 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 the Bible standpoint do not posess life, tliey are therefore excluded 
 from the 5th day. 
 
 Substitute the above scriptural equivalent of life in the 20th verse 
 and it reads "Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving 
 creature which hath blood" and these moving creatures are the high- 
 est marine types of animal life the seals, porpoises, dolphins and 
 Avhales, the mammals of the sea, these with genuine fowls, logically 
 precede the mammals of the land. 
 
 Notice that Moses in no place speaks of the inferior forms of 
 animal or vegetable life no cold blooded animal life nothing which 
 flourished in swamps or beneath the waters in his 6 day's of creation, 
 but the two higher types, genuine fowls of the sea and land, and this 
 adds contirmation to the theory, that each day was one vision or pan- 
 orama (6 in all) occupying one day or night as the case may have 
 been, and this condition gave rise to the expression at the close of 
 each vision "The evening and morning was." 
 
 Each day of Creation, was the time occupied by Moses while view- 
 ing the panorama of the earths development, as it passed, through, 
 the influence of God's .sp.'iit, before his minds eye while in a trance. 
 
 Again in the 24th verse IMoses uses the expression "living crea- 
 tures" for tlie work of the sixth day, or "creatures that have life" 
 (or blood.) 
 
 Common consent concedes that the higher type of land mammals^ 
 is referred to. Now since the animals of the 5th day are character- 
 ized by the same term.s, is there any good reason, why both should 
 not be referred to the same class mammalia. 
 
 Food fish or Teliosts if they are included required continental 
 conditions for their existence such as great river systems, cool water 
 etc examples are found in the salmon, shad, etc, which congregate 
 in our northern rivers to hatch their yosmg. Also the heiTing and 
 cod along our northern coasts, and these very conditions were brought 
 about by the 3d and 4th days. 
 
 The elevation of the continents with their lofty mountains, and 
 the consequent scattering of the clouds, which let in sunshine upou 
 the earth, afforded the vei-j- conditions which made possible the life 
 of the 5th day. 
 
 The ancient reptiles and fish disappeared with the tropical con- 
 ditions. 
 
 The conditions of the 3d day therefore locate the 5th as contem- 
 poraneous with the close of the 3d or even later. Dana p 488 clos«- 
 
THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 25 
 
 of Mesozoio, "ganoids give place to salmon, perch and herring" Dana 
 p 51G Tertiary "common fish are profusely represented." Le Conie 
 close oif Alesozoic "The Teliosts fishes predominant at the present day 
 become abundant." 
 
 The above view is confirmed and strengthened by the foUowinst 
 statement: "And fowl flying above the earth in the open firmament of 
 heaven." 
 
 Here Moses evidently means genuine birds, living on berries, 
 seeds, fruits and insects, not winged reptiles, nor reptilian birds with- 
 out wings. 
 
 Logically they follow the continental conditions of the 3d day, 
 and could not have flourished upon the earth prior to those conditions 
 Those of us conversant with nature know how quicklybirds disap- 
 pear i;i'ter death leaving no trace behind, living as they do on dry land 
 and a majority far distant from strata— forming conditions it is rare- 
 ly the case that their fossil remains are found to prove their former 
 existence, but we are not wholly without proof. Le Conte states 
 "nearly all of the families of birds now existing have been found in 
 the Tertiary." "In the Tertiaiy as in the present. Reptilian (Meso- 
 zoic) birds had disappeared and only typical, highest land birds ni- 
 mained." Dana p olt; "Middle Teiliaiy" "Lai'ge numbers of Tertiary 
 birds, have been found and described in France" and p 511 "Turkey 
 owl and cormonrants." Lyell Manual p. 233 Early Tertiary "Ten spe- 
 cies of birds" p 223 "also birds and quadrupeds." 
 
 From the above proof we conclude that genuine birds, indicated 
 by Moses began their existence about the early Tertiary, after the 
 disappearance of the mesozoic reptilian birds, and points to the 5th 
 day as at least contemporaneous with the 3d. 
 
 A third statement of Moses the creation of great whales, will 
 when Investigated throw light upon the above two points in the 5th 
 day. Dana p. 506 "The mammals of the middle Tertiary are mainly 
 whales" Lyell Manual p.233 "Huge fossil whales in the early Terti- 
 ary" "within a space of 10 miles the fossil remains af 40 whales' 
 p J 73 upper Tertiary, "Remains of whales." 
 
 These fossils were not of great reptiles but genuine mammals 
 of the sea the reptile age had passed away for ever. 
 
 We And that the statements of Moses in reference to the 5th day, 
 whe« viewed in their logical connection with the conditions of the 
 34 aad 4th days, locate that 5th day as contemporaneous or later on 
 Uk areragre than the 3d. 
 
26 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 Acctfrding to Dana p. 589, Teliosts (food fisb) birds and whales- 
 bad their higher geological development at the close of the Tertiary, 
 while they began in the later Mesozoie, and Increased through the 
 Tertiary their highest development was at its close." 
 
 Geologists endeavor to wrest the Hebrew word "Taninum" so a.s 
 to mean reptiles and locate the 5th day in the Mesozoie, among the 
 great reptiles of tha age. The revised version goes as far as it dare* 
 in that direction and translates it '"sea monsters" as a concession to 
 the geologists. 
 
 We have a more disinterested translation than that, about 2,'20»> 
 years ago 70 learned expeits in Alexandria, translated the Hebrew 
 into Greek and gave us the Greelj word "ceta" meaning whale from 
 which scientists have derived cetaceous <as a generic term.) 
 
 A whale is a sea monster, and the largest of all, and is wh;vt 
 iloses meant In his 3d day. 
 
 Moses gives ifurther proof that my inte»T)relation is right in the- 
 22d verse "Be fruitful and multiply and till the waters in the seas*, 
 «nd let fowl multiply on the earth." This is in the nature of a 
 "Carte Hlanche" for their continual existence, that this arrangement, 
 of life "whales and modern food fish in the waters, with genuine, 
 fowl on the land, was to be permanent, and «H>ntinuo(iis, and such it 
 has been, find continues to-day. 
 
 Apj)ly that 22nd verse, .\nd God l)les^HHt them saying, "Be fniitfni 
 and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in 
 the earth" to the reptiles of the Mesoxinc a.i,'e as Dana and others do. 
 (Moses does not.) and where would the inspiration od' Moses be. 
 
 Nearly the whole reptilian race Avas unnihiliated at the beginninu 
 of the 8d day, and ^5carccly a vestige of it i-emains at the present day. 
 
 How completely inapplicable is that 22(1 ver.se to the peculiar 
 reptilian life of the Ivlesozoic age and how thorouglily clear it makes 
 the moaning of Moses. "Gofl blessed" this animal life, and bade it 
 "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas." IxKJk at the 
 salmon, shad, herring, cod fish, and otliers too numerous to mention. 
 Illustrating this blessing, while the I'eptiles of the Mesozoie have dis- 
 appeared. The same is true of genuine birds and whales, all living 
 and flourishing, while the life of the Mesozoie. has scarcely left m 
 trace. 
 
 In the light of that 22d verse how egregiously Dana and other* 
 have failed in their interpretation of Moses. 
 
 The reptilian life which they substituteil for wijales is almotst. 
 
THE MOSAICAl. ACCOUNT OF CREATION 21 
 
 entirely extinct. Tlu» aiicieut fish are iioarly gOBe, uiirt i>nfy here 
 and there a reprcst.'nt.-itivc of the Mesosw>ir age is forunl. 
 
 While untolfl millions ul' the I'onais of life in<rh'at«-<f hy Woxt^ for 
 the 5th day every Avheiv in their suitable element fi^M>(nid. 
 
 Dana in thi.s 5th day violatiis every i*ule of honttst mttftyrotatlou. 
 Whert* Moses nays and iiksmis one thing, Dana makvf him m^an sonie- 
 thing different. 
 
 He divides his 5th day: which is one connei't««l i<«»no»* Into the 
 two parts, locating one b.?two<m his own arbitrary «..hvi!'iionfl of the M 
 day In the age of nioJln.sks and thi? other part 3 epcMfiM later in the rejh 
 tilian age. See charT. And such a botch potch a« thiH (r called Mosaic 
 Dosniogony. 
 
 THR SIXTH DAY OF OREATIOM. 
 
 The statements of Mojscb, in tlic order which In fjvcHj i-onforms 
 with the true science of g«M)log>', ana "inistakcfi r^f iVIosc??'- are the 
 outrageous niisreprcsont.! lions of tlie geologietn. 
 
 There is no «nn'«lion coin'iTning the location cf tW Wb day of 
 Moses, Dana locatca it th- dosin;:; Tertiai-y and tlic Muaiicviei'y wblch 
 is probably correct. 
 
 To a person not a i,'<^>logist. reading Dana's cowmoKony of Moses^ 
 it would appear that Dana was vindicating the Inspiration of Mo.ses, 
 but to a geologist it Is very clear that if Dana is correct, Moses knows. 
 ,very little of the *xact oi'^ler of creation. It is a inutlct of little won- 
 der then that rendi*rs have rejmdiated the inspirattDn of Moses for 
 they relied upon tho geologists and were ignot-ani of the fact, 
 that the direct statements of Moses at«- viUujr ignoreil.. 
 garbled or misrepi'cs« j)tiMl. so that he is made to ci.ilor.s« u tery dif- 
 ferent order of creaiii »> from that which his plain Klut«\ments indicate*. 
 
 Dana, however, metaphorically pats Mosen on It'c barU, and ad- 
 ministers the ifolloAving tlose of idamey to offset 'tie lifx^rtica whiefc i 
 he and o1h<'rs has taken with tlie Mosia<; (.'ofimi^'ini'/ Met; Dana^ 
 cosmogony p.81H. 
 
 .Vccepting the nebniar hy]»othcsis as a reasonably loicict «>xplanrt- 
 tiou of the origin of the solar system and planeljii v ?ipheres. the • 
 author has attempttnt to oidline the condition and development Of 
 the eartli so as to conform to tlie logical seijuence of evcnti under the 
 known laws which prevail in tlx- sciences involvtil m thlKi develop- 
 ment. 
 
28 THE MOSAICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 As is shown iu the above treatise the statements of Moses harmon- 
 ize with the discoveries of the geologists in every respect. 
 
 When I consider that this vision of creation is 3,200 years old its 
 accuracy is absolutely astounding and could have proceeded from no 
 other source than from thi.s earth's Great Creator. 
 
 Incidentally I was led to an investigation of the cosmogony a? 
 Moses investigating an other important problem in geology, and my 
 study h^s impressed upon my mind that the account given by Moses 
 is absolutely correct, interpreting his days as indefinite periods. 
 
THE MOSAJCAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 2y 
 
 CORUELATIOX OF THE GEOLOGICAL PEKIODS WITH THE 
 
 MOSAICAL DA VS. 
 
 The Archaean period of geolo- 
 sy, <'orre.sponds -with the 1st (L'ly 
 of Moses. 
 
 This period began with the 
 tirst condensation of water ni)on 
 the earth, and continued down 
 tlu'ongh the ages, while the wa- 
 ter which belonged on earth 
 was condensing upon its surface 
 and cooling. 
 
 It terminated wlien the waters 
 of the earth became cool enough 
 for the lower forms of marine 
 life. 
 
 First day or period, earth an 
 incandescent heated sphere. 
 
 Water condenses on its sur- 
 face as it cools when it becomes 
 a dark watery sphere covered 
 with df-nse i-londs. 
 
 Tondensation continues until a 
 lini liglit from the sun in the 
 outside world penetrates the 
 clouds and evening and morning 
 terminated the first day. 
 
 Tlie mantle of clouds rested 
 upon the earth like a heavy fog. 
 
 The Palezoic and Mesozic ages 
 of geologj', are characterized by 
 a tmif orm temperature all over 
 the globe, similar to that of the 
 tropics, atid due to the universal 
 covering of clouds. 
 
 Corals and tropical plants 
 flourished even in arctic regions. 
 
 rienerally speaking tlii're was 
 no dry land. 
 
 Tlie world's continents were 
 either l)m-ied beneath the sea or 
 as great swampy plains just at 
 tlie suiffice. 
 
 The thousands of feet of ma- 
 rine rock deposited during those 
 ages as also tlie marine an<l am- 
 phibious animal and plant hie, 
 testify that the continents of the 
 world were in no geenral sense 
 diy land. 
 
 THE SECOND DAY. 
 
 The clouds like « dense fog 
 rest upon the earth at the begin- 
 ning of the second period, or 
 day. 
 
 As the earth cools condensa- 
 tion goes on and the clouds slow- 
 ly rise from the universal ocean 
 leaving a clear space between 
 the water below, and the watery 
 vai)or abOA'e, Avhich is the firma- 
 ment. 
 
 The above conditions continue 
 until the firmament or clear 
 space above the earth was about 
 such jis we now have on a 
 densely cloudy day. 
 
 This 2d day includes the Palae- 
 zoic and Mesozoic ages of geo- 
 logy, and is i)roperly character- 
 ized as the age of water. 
 
THE MOSAICJAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION. 
 
 The early "^L'trtiai-y followed 
 the preroding ages ,aiul was 
 noted in geology as the period 
 when the conliiients became dry 
 laud through the elevation of 
 the great uioiintain chains of 
 the earth. 
 
 Grasses, fruit trees and the 
 higher forms of vegetation, first 
 appeared upon the earth. 
 
 THIRD DAY. 
 
 •'i^et the dry land appear." 
 •'And the earth brought forth 
 grass and the herb yielding 
 seed," "and the fruit tree yield- 
 ing fruit." 
 
 According to geology none of 
 the above conditions were ful- 
 filled until the early Tertiary. 
 
 SUNSHINE. 
 ('ontempo7'aneous with the 
 close of the 3d day, and due to 
 the elevation of the great moun- 
 tainous backbone of the conti- 
 ; ^ nents in the earJy Tertiary. 
 
 FOURTH DAY. 
 
 Sunshine for the first time due 
 to the elevation of lofty moun- 
 tains which drove the cloudy 
 covering of the earth into the 
 higher and colder regions, con- 
 densing and scattering them. 
 
 THE MIDDLE TERTIARY. 
 
 According 'to geology this 
 period was noted for its genuine 
 birdiS. its numerous food fishes, 
 and ita genuine sea mammals or 
 great wliales, 
 
 These conditions harmonize 
 with the claims of Moses for his 
 r>th day. 
 
 They all hft<;aine more abun- 
 dant later. 
 
 FIFTH DAY. 
 The physical features of the 
 earth are now complete. 
 
 Seeds, grains, berries and 
 fruits, are prepared for the nour- 
 ishment of animal life. 
 ••The waters brought forth the 
 moving creatures which have 
 life (red blood), fowls to fly in 
 the firmament of Heaven and 
 great whales." These condi- 
 tions can only be paralled in 
 the middle Tertiary. 
 
 LATER TERTIARY. 
 
 Dana in a chart on page 589, 
 locates laud animals (mammals) 
 in the Tertiary, 
 
 The advent of mammals is at- 
 tributed to the Quarternary age. 
 
 SIXTH DAY. 
 
 The creation of the higher or- 
 der of land animals, followed 
 by man. Later Tertiary and 
 Quarteruary. 
 
THE \T0.=?AICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATEO::^. 81 
 
 From The preceding it v/ill appear that througli divine inspiration. 
 Btoses aocnrately defined the general outlines of the earths develop- 
 neut in the same logical order as ascertained and seconded by geolo- 
 gists from their researches. So that from a scientific standpoint the 
 Inspiration of Moses is beyond question. 
 
 William C. Welles, 
 Parkersburg, 
 
 W. Va, 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE CHART. 
 
 The chart is divided Into 3 sections, corresponding with the ago 
 and condition of the earth. 
 
 The "age of heat" (colored red) is the older and orginal condition, 
 the result of nebular condensation. 
 
 When cooled sufficiently, so that water condensed, and remained 
 upon It, began the "age of water" (colored blue) characterized by ma- 
 rine and amphibious life of plants and animals. 
 
 When by cooling and contraction at the close of the age of water, 
 the continents were permanently elevated and "dry land" appeared 
 with cereals, and fruit trees. Reptilian and tropical forms of life dls- 
 iippeared and the "age of dry land" (colored green) was iiiaugurated. 
 
 The 1st vertical column shows the geological divisions under each 
 age. 
 
 The 2d. column shows the corresponding conditions of organic life 
 under each age. 
 
 The 3d vertical column shows the plain interpretation of the words 
 of Moses by the author. 
 
 His 1st day describes conditions corresponding to the Azoic of 
 geology, when the earth as a sphere existed but was too hot for or- 
 ganic life to exist upon it. 
 
 His 2d day outlines conditions when the earth was nearly covered 
 with water and Its seas and swamps swarming with marine and am- 
 phibian life. These forms of organic life while important in the devel- 
 opment of the physical world, had but little direct bearing on the great 
 object of creatIon("the life of man" and were, therefore, not mentioned 
 by Moses. 
 
 This life (marine) being beneath the sea was Invisible during this 
 vision of creation. 
 
82 THE M03ATCAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION, 
 
 . I.I— . . «» j .»ii« 'I . L. II . . .! . » .1 .. i » i .. I.. . , n. ■. ■-! I . I. M « ii i » .. ..- i-» ' u--- i .^ g u i in ' iaL ! « ; ■ « ■ ■ ■ 
 
 This 26. day of Moses, therefore logically and geologically Includes 
 the whole watery age, up to its close, when the continents began to 
 rise above the sea and the dry land appear. 
 
 The 3d 4th 5th and 6th days had a direct and vital bearing on the 
 ultimate object of creation and correspond perfectly with conditions 
 of the dry land age as given in geology. 
 
 The 4th. and last column illustrates the Interpretation of Moses by 
 Dana and others. In this 4th. column the days are enclosed in the col- 
 ors corresponding with the age, which the plain teachings of geology 
 indicate are identical with the claims of Moses. If for example the 
 1st. day of Moses, is from geology, located in the age of heat (as it is) 
 it Is enclosed in red. Dana in 4th col. gives each day its position geolo- 
 gy gives the color of the age. 
 
 If geology locates the 2d day In the watery age it is colored blue, 
 notwithstanding Dana locates it in the age of heat. 
 
 If the 3d day of Moses, according to geology belongs In the age of 
 dryland, and it does, then it has the dry land badge of green, although 
 Dana locates it partly in the age of heat and partly in the age of wa- 
 ter, to fit their Illogical theories. 
 
 The 4th. day logically can be located nowhere but In the continen- 
 tal mountain— elevating,— tertiary— dry land period, and is colored 
 green, but Dana locates it in the dense tropical clouds and swamps 
 of the carboniferous age. 
 
 The fifth day with the salmon and perch, with Its birds of the air 
 and whales of the ocean, although such organic life is located by all 
 geologists in the tertiary di-y land period, is divided by Dana and loca- 
 ted in the watery age. This day is also colored green for geology 
 locates it In the dry land age. 
 
 Now, see how, in Dana's cosmogony In the 4th column, his days 
 differ from the true days cif Moses in the 3d and how wofully Moses 
 Is misrepresented as is shown by the colors of the 3d and 4th columns, 
 differing for similar days, no two coinciding except the 6th and last. 
 
Fig 2 Illustrates the authors idea of the earth as Moses describes it on 
 the First day of his vision of creation, the flame colored water with its rolling 
 billows, surrounded bv dense black clouds illuminated from below. 
 
SUN 
 
 Fig;. 1 illustrates the rings thrown off through centrifugal force, the 5 outer rings conj 
 densed into Planets, the 3 inner rings Mercury, Venus and Earth not yet condensed int(] 
 spheres.