0^ PRINCETON f HEOLOGICAL SEMINARY ^CC #11,015 V.2:2/ ?rideaux, Humphrey, 164 8- 1724. The Old and New Testament connevr^ted in the history of Conneded in the H I S T O R Y o F .;r H E Jenjis and Neighbouring Nations FROM THE Declenfion of the Kingdoms oilfraelzw^ Judah to the Time of C H R I S T. y HVMTHRET TR1T>EAVX, D.E D E A N of 7/ O J? /r / c //: PART II. VOL. IV. The Ni NTH Edition. LONDON: Printed for R. Knap lock in St. Pa^iPs Church-Tar d^ and J. Tons ON i" ty,. ^Ktrand, THE )ld an J New Testament Connefted in the HISTORY O F T H E ews and Neighbouring NationSj FROM THE Declenfion of the Kingdoms of Ifiael and Judah to the time of C h r i s T. P A R T II. B O O K VL rj. r.i Trcanus at his death left (a) five Tons behind him, the firft: Jriftohulus, the ArZbdIs*. fecond Antigonus^ the third Alexander^ and the fifth {h) Ahfolom^ what was the name of the fourth is no where faid, [c) Ariftobulus^ as being the eld* vertue oi Hyrcajim's Will claimed a nght to t vereignty after his death, but Ariftohuliis hav verpowered her caft her into prifon, and ther ved her to death. As to his Brothers, Antigo) eldeft of them being much in his Favour and i on, he at firfc ihafed the Government with hi afterwards did put him to death in the manner by and by be related, the other three he fhut Prifon, and there kept them as long as he \\\ Ptolemy Lathjrus King of Egypt having ii his Mother's difpleafure for fending an Arm Paleftim againil the Jews contrary to her Mi hath been above related, {d) flie carried it on againft him for this, and fome other like atl which he had made of reigning without her having firft taken ^'r/^w his Wife from him (b) he had now 0 two Sons) flie drove him out Kingdom. For the accompHfhing of this fhe fome of her favourite Eunuchs to be wounde then bringing them out into the publick A of the Alexandrians^ there pretended, that tl: fuffered this from Lathyrus in defence of her againft him, and thereon accufed him of niade an attempt upon her Life> whereby fhi jncenfed the people, that they rofe in a gene roar againft him, and would have torn him ces, but that he fled for his Life, and having on board a Ship in the Harbour, therein ni; efcape from their fury. Hereon Cleopatra a her Alexander her younger Son, who for fom^ paft liad reigned in Cyprus^ and having ma( ority (/) m:idc war upon the Itur^- mZC^' J, and having fuhdiied the greatefl \.^^^ xt of them forced them to become Pro- lytes to the Jewifh Religion, in like manner as yrcanus fome time before had forced the Idumaans do the fame thing. For he left them no other loice, but either to be circumcifed nnd embrace the wifh Religion, or elfe leave their Country and feek itforthemfelves new Habitations elfewhere. Where- I having chofen the former they became ingrafted the fame time into the Jewifh Religion as well as e Jewifh State. And in this manner the Afmon^- '■ Princes dealt with all thofe whom they conque- d. Itiir^a {£) the Country where thefe people dwelt as part of Ccele-Syr'ia bordering upon the North- aflcrn part of the Land of Ifrael^ as lying between iC Inheritance of the half Tribe of Manajeh beyond ordan.) and the Territories oi Damafcus. It was cal- d Itunea from {h) Itur one of the Sons of JfmaeJy ho in our Englijh verfion is wrongfully called Jetur, his Country is the fame, which is fometimes called uronitis. As Idum^a lay at one end of the Land of If- el^ fo Ituraa lay at the others And thus much it's xefTary to fay, becaufe by reafon of fome Simili- de of the names the one hath been milKiken for the her. Philip one of the Sons of Herod (ij ) was Te- arch or Prince of this Country, when John the Bap- ^ fird cnrred on his Miniflry. Ariflohuhs returning fick to Jefufahm from Itiir^a ft Antigoniis his Brother there with the Army to fi- ih the V¥ar, which he had begun in that Country. o fted, they finding him armed fell upon him ac- )rding to their orders, and flew him. This fa£b as no fooner done but Jriftohulus moft grievoufly pentedofic. And this murder bringing into his ind the murder of his Mother, his confcience flew im in the face at the fame time for both, and the ixiety of his thoughts hereon encreafing his difeafe rought him to the vomiting of blood. While a ervant was carrying away the vomited blood in a afon, he hapned to Humble and fpill it upon the lace where Antigonus' s blood had been flied. At this 11 that were prefentmadeanout-cry, apprehending it 3 be done of purpofe. Ariftohultis hearing the noifc nquired what was the matter, and finding all about im fhy of telling him, the more they were fo, the lore earnefl; he was to know it, till at length they vere forced to acquaint him with the whole that had lapned 5 whereon a grievous remorfe feifed him all >ver, and his confcience extorted from him bitter iccuiations againft himfelf for both thefe Fads, and n the Agony, which he fuffered herefrom, he gave ip the Ghoft, and dyed, having reigned only one kvhole year. And fuch miferable exits do moftly fuch w-icked men make, which are terrible enough to de- :er all fuch from their iniquities, though they were no fuch things as the Torments of Hell to punifli them afterwards for ever for the guilt of them. ,.-lr^U1« ^t.^'i'^.i jintigonus fliould be {lain that day at StratonW Now taking Stratons Tower to be the Town Sea-Coaft then fo named, but afterwards called ria^ which was full two days journey ft om [ lem^ he thought his Prophecy was defeated could not poffibly be fulfilled that day, the part of it being then pafled, and the place at f( a dillancej and therefore he exprefled here( like impatience, as Jonah did on the failing Prophecy againfl Niniveh, But while he was Agony, and Perplexity of mind, exclaiming truth itfclf in his being thus deceived, and \ his death becaufe hereof, came News that Ai was flain in that part of the fuhterraneous Gal bove-mentioned, which was juft under that or Tower of I he Palace, which was called S Tower. Whereon the EJfen findings his pre fulfilled in the lamentable murder of this Princ as to the time and place, rejoiced in the Comf Satisfaftion of having his prophecy verifyed, fame time \vh<"n all elfe were .grieved at it. JrlftohulusMrti) was a great favourer of the for which reafon he was called Philelkn^ : Greeks as much favoured him. For Timagenes florian of theirs wrote of him, as jofepbus tclh of Straho^ That he was a Prince of Equity^ a?2ci many things hee?i very beneficial to the Jews, in augmented their 'Territories^ and ingrafted into th( ifio State part of the Nation of the Iturieans, them to it by the bond of Circumclfion. But his above defcribcd give him another fort of Char AfH>on as ArifiobuUis was dead {n) Salome hi ig contented to live quietly a private life under him ad his favour and prote6tion, as long as he lived, fo hat aKer this we hear no more of him, fuve only hat {o) having marryed his Daughter to Ariftohulus he younger ion o^ Alexander his Brother, he cnga- ;ed in his cauife againll the Romans^ and was made a *rifoner by them on their taking the Temple under he Command of Pompey^ forty two years after this ime. At this time in Syria (p) the two Brothers Jntio^ hu5 Grypus^ and Antiochus Cyzkenus^ one reigning at intioch^ and the other at Damafcus^ haraffed each ►ther with continual Wars. Of which advantage >eing taken by fome Cities, which had formerly )een parts of the Syrian Empire, they affepted them- elves into Liberty, as 'Tyre^ Sidon^ Ptolemais^ Gaza^ tid others ^ and Tyrants took pofleilion of fome o- hers of them, as fheodorus of Gaelara and Amathus )tyondL J or dan le firfl: laid Siege to Ptolemais^ and leaving one part )f his Army there for the carrying of it on under the Dondudt of fome of his chief Commanders, he march- id in perfon with the other part to invade the Ter- itorics of Alexander. At fir ft he took Afochis a City )f Galilee^ and in it ten thouGmd Captives with much blunder. After this he laid Siege to Sepphoris ano- :her City of G^//7f^, whereon Alexander marched with m Army of fifty thoufand men againft him for the Defence of his Country. This brought on a fierce Battel between them near the Banks of theRivery^r^^;/, n yf7h'ic\\ Alexanderhe'mg vanquifhed loft thirty thou- and of his Men, befides thofe which were taken Pri- 'oners. For Lathyrus having gotten the Vi6tory pur- iied it to the utmoft. And there is a very cruel and barbarous AcV, which is related to have been done 3y him at this time, that is. That coming with his Arrny in the Evening after the Vi6bory to take up his Quarters in the adjoining Villages, and finding mail iiiwAii, aina tiiv^icuy ^^ICdtC LllC HlCclLCl Ult.c terrour of his Army through all thofe parts, this Laihyrds ranged at liberty all over the Co ravaging, plundering, and deftroying it in a vc mentable manner. For Alexander after this 1 and the cutting ofFof fo many of his Men, as it, was \w no Condition to refill him, but have been abfolutely undone, had not Cleopatra the next year into thofe parts to relieve him. For ilie apprehending, that in cafe Lathyrus i make himfclf Mafler o^ Jud^a zndi 1 Alexander' ^^'"^5 ^^'^ would thereby grow llrong e; Jannsu5 3. ^^ invade Egypt ^ and there again n his Kingdom from her, thought ii to put a flop to his progrefs in thofe Parts therefore (u) flie forthwith prepared an Army the command of Chelkias and Ananias^ the twc above-mentioned, and having equipped a Fle< them on board of it, and failed with them to fiicia^ where having landed this Arm}^, and 1 terrour of it made Lathyrus quit the Siege of mals (which he had till now continued) and into Cosle-Syria^ fhe font Chelkias with one p the Army after him , and putting the other the leading of Ananias marched with it to Pto expelling they would have opened their Ga her, but finding the contrary Ihe inveiled the to take it by force j in the interim Chelkias^ he was purfuing Lathyrus in Coele-Syria^ loft 1 in that Expedition J which defeating the furthc grefs of ir, Lathyrus took the advantage her march with all his Forces into Egypt^ hoping on his Mother's abfence with the bcfi: of her . lac part or tne Army, wmcn on rnis ac- jannaeus 4. mpc of Lathyrus ihc fent back out of hwnicia to re-inforce them, they drove him out of le Country, and forced him to return again into alefiine^ and there take up his Winter Quarters ac aza. But while this was a doing, Cleopatra flill carried I the S'lcgc' o^ Ptokmais (x) till at length fhe took le place. AlToon as fhe was Miftrefs of it, J^kxan' T came thither to her, bringing with him many va* table gifts to prefent to her for the gaining of her ivour. But that, which mod ingratiated him with er was, his enmity with Latbyrus her fon, and on lis account he was very kindly received. But fome )out her thinking ihe had now a fair opportunity y feifing Alexander to make her felf Millrefs oiju* lea^ and all other his Dominions, earneftly prefled er to it. And this had been done, but that Ananias revailed with her to the contrary. For having re- refented unto her, how bafe and difhonourable a ling it would be thus to treat an ally engaged with er in the fame caufe, that it would be contrary to II the Rules of Faith and common Honefly, that arc bferved among Mankind,. and would to the preju- ice of her intereft fet all the Je'ws in the world gainft her, and make them her Enemies, he hereby T-rought with her fo effectually, that partly on thefe onfiderations, and partly to gratify the Intercef- 3r, who pleaded hard in this cafe for his Country- man and Kinfman (for Alexander was both) fhe drop- d the defign, and Alexander returned fafe to Jeru^ alem^ where having recruited his broken Forces, and nciH^ fVi/^tn nn nanin ro xhp nnmhrr of n nowerful jannsEusj-. ^^ attempt any thing more in Palefti reafon of theoppofition there made a him by his Mother, he left that Country, ai turned again to Cyprus^ whereon {he alfo failec again into Egypt^ and the Country became fr both of them. Cleopatra on her return to Alexandria {z) i Handing that Lathyrus was carrying on a Trc Damafcus with Antiochus Cyzicenus for the obt of his afliflance in order to another Expeditic Egypt for his recovering of that Kingdom agair her, {he gave Selene her Daughter, whom fh taken from Lathyrus^ to Antiochus Grypus to Wi] with her fent to him a great number of auxi and large Sums of Money, to enable him to the War upon Cyzicenus his Brother j whereon vil broils between them again breaking out^ i nus wzs diverted thereby from giving any aflifl:^ Lathyrus^ and fo the whole proje6b became ab Ptolemy Alexander her other Son then reignin her (Jb) being much terrified with the unnatui cruel ufage, with which fhe perfecuted her oth cfpecially in thus taking from him his Wife, ; ving her to his Enemy, and obferving alfo^ i ftuck at nothing that llood in the way of hei tion, and the vehement defire which (he had reigning, thought himfelf not fafe any longe her, and therefore withdrew, and left the Kir chuling rather to live in banilhment with (iifet to reign with fo wicked and cruel a Mother continual danger of his Life. And it was noi out great Solicitation, that he was perfuadec VCU. X'Ul ctLLt^l LllV- U^ctlll Ul JL fJJ/JtUft lUC UlUrUCU till whole Regal power to her felf, and that Lathyru, prcfumed to make ufe of fome part of it without her was the only caufe that fhe drove him from her, tool away his Wife, and expelled him the Kingdom. This year (c) Marius in his fifth Confulrfiip finifh" ed the Cymhrian war with the total defbrudion oi that people, who threatned Rome and all Italy witJ no Icfs than utter ruin. Marius commanded the Ro^ man Armies through the lafl three years of this War. and having finifhcd it with fuccefs, and thereby de- livered Rome from that terrible invafion, and the great danger, which it lay under from it, he wai reckoned as the third Founder of that Ciry, Romulm and Cajnillus being the two former. Marius while he carried on this War, {d) firft confecrated the Eagle to be the folc Roman Standard at the head of every Legion, and hence it became the Enfign of the Ro- man Empire ever after. The Country from whence thefe Cymhrians came, was the Cymhrica Cherfonefus^ the fame which now contains Juitland^ Skfwick^ and Holftein. On their deferting this Country the (e) AfiS. :oming from between the Euxin and the CafpianSc^^ took pofTefHon of it, and from them came thofe /^nglij who with the Saxons after having expelled the Britains poflefied themfelves of that part of Great Britain^ which is now called England. Alexander J anna us (/) having after a Siege of ten (c) Plutarchus in Mario. L. Florus lib. 5. cap, 3, {d) Former^ here were four other enfigns ufed by the Romans with the Eagle, i. c. The )dimtmtry the Horfe, the Wolf] and the Boar. Marius abolifhed thefe four^ Hid retained the Eagle only to be the Standard of every Legion, Plinius lib. time tnan ne naa yiaaara^ anu wlij il uiuuc n Mafter of all that Treafure. But Theodorus \ by chat time gotten together a powerful arir fuddenly upon him, as he was returning fror Conqueft, and having on this furprife overtl him with the flaughcer ot ten rhoufand of his he not only recovered all his Treafure again, bi took all Alexander's baggage with it. This f( Jexander back to Jerufakm with lofs and dif which was pleafing enough to many there. F Pbarifees ever fince Hyrcams's quarrel with the came Enemies to all of his Family, and to none than to i\vs Alexander y and thefe drawing theg part of the people after them, they infe6ted the rality of them with difaffedtion and hatred t( which was the caufe of all thofe inteiline Tr and Difficulties, which he fell into during his I However this lofs and difgrace did not hinde but that undcrftanding, that on Lat "th^n^tT departure from Gaza all that Coaft w JannW£^6. naked of defence, (^) he marched t with his Army, and made himfelf . of Raphia and Anthedon^ which being both the diflance of a few miles from Gaza^ he in ji ner blocked up that City hereby, and to do ti- the main end of his feifing thefe tv/o places. F Gaz^ans having called in Lathyrus to their all againft him, and helped him with auxiliaries i fatal battel near Jordan^ where he received fc an overthrow, he bore in his Mind ever fince ter grudge againll: them, and refolved, when ^ tunity fliould icx'xc^ to have his revenge on th it : nn I rhprpfnre an named Apllodotus^ he detended the place againlt [n a whole year> and in one Sally, which he made on Him in the night with twelve thoufand of his en, he had like have ruined him and all his Army, ►r the aflault then m^tde upon his Camp being pufh- on with great Brisknefs and Refolution, a bruit 1 through the Jewiih Army, that Ptolemy Lathyrus d all his Forces were come to the alTiflance of the icmy, which damped their courage, and created a nic fear among them. But when the day-light ap- ared, and made them fee the contrary, they again lied, and beat the Gaz^ans into their City witfi t Slaughter of a thoufand of their Men. But notwithftanding this lofs (i) they ftill held cut, d Apollodotus was in great credit and re- tation among them for his wife and &if^%' adyCondu6]: in the defence of the Place, jannLus^: lich being enVyed by Lyfimachus his own other the Wretch treacherouOy flew him, and w\ getting a Company together dch'vcred up the City AlexaMet^ who on his firfl: entring into it beha- i himfelf, as if he intended to have ufed his Vido- with Moderation and Clemency. But when he s gotten into full pofTeffion of the Place, he lee ife his Soldiers upon it with a thorough licence to I, plunder, and deltroy, which produced a fcene horrid barbarity. This Alexander did to have his enge of thefe people for the reafon mentioned, and fuffered not a little himfelf in the executing of it, r the Gazceans hereon (landing to their defence, he i: almoft as many of his own men in this carnage I faccage of the place, as he flew of the Enemy $ Tnotr/^r* |-|/» TtII hie mm^l Cr\ fl1« op *-r^ ^aaxra. «-UJ/ cleon one or his own Dependants in the twi venth year of his Reign, and the forty fiftl Life. He left behind him five Song, i, who was the eldeft, fucceeded him 5 the othc z, Antiochus and i. Philip two Twins, 4. £ Euch^rus, and f . Antiochus Dionyftus, All the! ^d, or attempted to reign in their turns. Ptolemy Jpion the Son of Phyfcon King of to whom his Father left the Kim Atondet ^>'^^^^' ^y"^S without iflue, (/) g Janmtus 10, Kingdom by his laft Will and T( to the Romans^ who inftead of ac of it to themfelves gave all the Cities their L which immediately (m) filled the Countries v rants, thofe who were the potentefl in every endeavouring hereon to make themfelves So of'it, which brought upon that Country grei blcs and Confufions. Thefe were in fome compofed by Lucullus on his coming thithei firft Mithridatic War, but could not finally moved till that Country was at length redoi the Form of a Roman Province. Antiochus Cyzicenus on the death of Grypus xed Antioch, and endeavoured to make hi ml Iter of the whole Kingdom to the Exclufion Sons of GrypuSy but Sekucus having gotten p of many other Cities drew great Forces after make good his right ta his Father's Dominior Amia> the Prophetefs the Daughter of Ph (k) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 13. cap. 21. Porphyrius in Graecis ^]ir~aT-i (1\ 17TNiK-km*» T \\}\\ /^on mr\ Tn1fll<; OVifiriiipni idovv. 'o) Tigranes^ the Son of digrams King of Armenia^ 11^ in Hoftage with the Parthians at the time oi Father's death was by them reflored to his Li- ty, and fettled in the fucceffion of that Kingdom^ his refigning to them feme of the Territories of This was done twenty ^Mt years before his ma- g war with the Romans in the caufe of Mithrida^ For fo long (/?) Plutarch tells us, he had reign- in Armenia^ when that war began. Cing Alexander entering into the Temple ^t Jerii^ m there to officiate as High-Prieft in the Feaft of Dernacles, (^ ) had a great affront and indignity re offered him by the People. For they joining- L fort of mutiny againfl: him pelted him with Ci-» ns, while he was offering the Feftival Sacrifices the great Altar, calling him Slave, and adding er opprobrious Language, which implied him un- rthy of being either High-Pricft or Kingj which, aged him to that degree, that he fell upon them h his Soldiers, and flew of them fix thoufand 1. And to fecure him from fuffering any more Ti them the like Affront he furrounded the Court the Priefls, within which were the Altar and the mple, with a wooden Partition, thereby to hin- the People from doing this any more to him. calling him Slave they harped upon the old Story Eleazar^ as if Hyrcanu^'s Mother had been a Slave en in war. The truth of the matter was, Hyrca* having quarrel'd with the Phcirifees on that occ^a- ij and aboliihei all their traditional Conftitu- but on the contrary iat hard upon them oh a Hons, which imbitter'd them fo much agaii that having a great influence over the Feop made ufe of it to fet them againft him, anc them diraffe6ted to him to the utmoft they blej which created great Troubles to Jkxai ring all his reign, and much greater mifchiel whole Nation of the JewSj as will be feen in ture Series of this Hillory. The firft inftan^ of was, That Alexander feeing the Jews in t per durfl no more trull them with the fafet Perfon, but inftead of them (r) called in Mercenaries to be of his guard, chufing ther the Pifidians^ and Ciliciam^ and not of the whom he did not like, and of thefe he hac rhoufand always about him. This Inlianci how dangerous a thing it is for any Prince to powerful Fa6lion either in Church or State c againft him j And the ill fuccefs, which j. had in his endeavours to quiet this Faction, fl miftake which he made in his means of efle For he made ufe only of Rigor and Severity operate in the body Politic no otherwife, th; piats do in the body Natural, which put a fh to the Difeafe, but never remove the Cau trueft method of cure in this cafe is fo to verity and Clemency together, that both m their effe6b. When Alexander had by the terror of his Anno 04. ^^^^'^^ in fome meafure laid the Alexander which was raifed againft him a Janna.us 12. {t) he marched out againft his 1 IDULUriCb 4.U 111 til. Sekucus growing powerful in Syria (ii) Cyz'icenus arched out of Antioch againft him, but being van- lifhed in Battel he was taken prifoner, and put to ;atli J whereon Sekucus made himfelf mafter of Jn- icb^ and of the whole Syrian Empire, but could )t keep it long. For {w) AntiQchm Eufehes the Son ' Cyzicenus having on Selemus's taking Antioch made s efcape out of that place, by the ailiftance of a urtefan that was in love with him, came to Ara^ is^ and was there crowned King. And ix) having there gotten his Father's Soldiers )out him, and joined others to them lat were attached to his Intereft, he tx^l^^^x: ade up aconfiderableArmy, and march- janngeus ij. I forth with it againfl: Sekucus^ and ha- ng gotten a great Vidory over him forced him to -e to Mopfueflia a City in Cilicia there to take re- igej where having opprefied the Inhabitants with eat Exadions he provoked them fo far hereby, that icy rofe in a general mutiny againil him, and-befet- ng the Houlc, where he was, put fire to ir, and lere burnt to death him and all there with him. 0 Antiochus and PJjilip^ the two twin Sons of Gry^ is^ for the revenging of this forthwith marched ith all the Forces they could get together .towards fopfuefiia^ and having taken the place rafed it to the •ound, and facriflced all that they found in it to the rhoft of their flain Brother. But in their return om this Exploit being fallen upon by Eufehes near le Orontes they were put to the rout, whereon {z) An- A_^- i:i- . with others, lo that being enabled thereby keep the Field, the whole contefl was now h him and Eufebes for the whole Syrian Empi each of them having great Armies on foot, m harrafled and waited that Country in their about it. In the interim {a) Alexander purfuing th fuccefs, which he had in the laft year's Exf beyond Jordan^ carried on the War further ( iidc, and invaded the Territories of 'Hheodo Son of Zeno Cotylas Prince of PhUadelphk chief defign in this War was to take from h ftrong Fortrefs of Amathus^ and his Treafun depoiited, both which ^/(?.Y.^;?i^r had taken eigt before, and Theodonis recovered again, as hat above related. But at this time Alexandeft was grown fo 'terrible by reafqn of his ma SucceiTes in tliofe PartsJ, that Theodorus du iland his coming, but carrying off his Trcaiur drew his Garrifon, and deferted the place > w Alexafider took it without oppofition, and raic the ground. Eufebes the more to ftrengthcn himfelf Kingdom {b) had married Selene tl Tannseus 14. Woman had taken pofTefTion of part of the Syrian Empire on he; band's death, and had gotten Forces about maintain her in it: Eufebes to join this Inte hers to his o\vn married her, which offending rus (whofe Wife fhe had firft been, till his IN took her from him, and gave her in marriage t '•"& ~"t)-fc>' could be at liberty to hinder this. For altho' Eufe- hes received grear acceflion to his llrength by marry- ing Selene^ yet Philip made good his part againfthim, ind (d) zt length having drawn him to a deciflve Battel gave him a total Overthrow, which forced him to flee into Parthia for his Safety, whereon P^'- Up and DemetriKS became pofTefTed of the whole Sy- rian Empire between them. In the Interim (e) Alexander King of Judn that 1^1! i, he was met by Choreas anothc Commar.df' of Ptolemy's^ and being overb liim pprr >< d ni the fight. Whil' rhefe things were a doing in LeJ/lr A Egypt r; the cjvil war went on in Judaa betv; iexaade^' and \v% people. And altho' he had tl tei ^f them in a!l C'lcoantsrs, yet he could no' them to fuhmit, or pnr any ftop to thefe ir tr vables, fo much wq'e they enraged againll B:3 p.g weary of punilhmg ind deilroying th made earnell Applications to them for the con' ip) Juflin. lib. 59. cap. 4,. Eufebius in Chronico. Paufani^ rhat they would on no other Terms be at Peace dth him> And it were well, they faid, if they could hen be reconciled to him after he was in his grave, lonfidering the great Mifchiefs he had done them, ^nd therefore having their Minds to fo high a de- ;rec tkus exafperated againft him, they refolvcd ta ;o on with the War without hearkning to any terms if Reconciliation whatfoever. And becaufe they iranted fufficient Forces of their own to a6t up to he Anger and Rage which in their anf^'cr to AleX' nder they had exprefled againft him, they {t) fent to '^amafcus to call Demetrius Euchams {yjho then reign- d there) to their Affiftance, who thereon came in- 0 Judcea with an Army confifting of three thoufand orfe and forty thoufand foot Syrians and Jews. Alexander encountring him with fix thoufand Greek /lercenaries and twenty thoufand Jews^ was over•^ brown with fo great a Slaughter, that he loft all is Greek Mercenaries to a man, and the greateft part f his other Forces j whereon he was driven with he poor Remnant of his broken Army, that fumved 'lis terrible Blow, to flee to the Mountains, where e might by the Advantage of the fituation beft pro* idi himfelf in this fhatter'd cafe. And now he had een utterly ruin'd, but that he was rcliev'd by a ve- ^ extraordinary and unexpe6led turn of fortune. For lofe very men, who were before fo much imbitter'd ^ainft him, that they had called in a foreign Enemy pon him, and had joined with that Enemy in bat- :1 againft him, when they faw him reduced to this iftrefted condition, took fuch compaflion of him, lat Cix thoufand of them immediately went over to Sir at on Prince of the Place, and friend to Philip led thither Zizus un Arahian King, and Mitk Sinaces a Parthian Commander to his affiftance having vanquiflied Demetrius^ and taken him Berj'^nt him for a prefent to {u) Mithridates of Parthia^ where a little after he fell iick am Philip after this vi6l:ory releafing .all the Antio that were taken Prifoners in this defeat, and (( them home without Ranfom, this fo far ingr him with that City, that on his return again t lie was rcceiv-ed with the general acclamation c People, and for fome time he reigned there o^ Syria without a Competitor, Alexander after the retreat o^ Demetrius havin ten together another Army (x) ■ffZH- g°°d his part againft the Rebe faanse-ds i8. notwitnltanding his late lols, anc cjuifhcd them in all confli6ls. Ho lie could bring them to no terms of Peace, bu ilill carried on the war with the fame Rage ai ry againft him, without being in the leall dii gcd byanylofs, baffle, or defeat, thathapncd tc . Anna the Prophetefs, Daughter to Phanue. coming a Widow on the death of her Husband, out marrying any more {y) devoted hericlf ^ {ti) This Mithridates /ef;?35 to be the fame xcho Mcord'mg to ]\\ 4i. cap. X.] vptzs called Mithridates the Great, and having fucceet banus his Father in the Kingdom .of P^nhla, Anna 128, tvasfjow in year of his reign. To him fucceedcd Sinatrux, and after Sinatrux, his f on. Anno 67. (x) Jofephus ibid. (y) Luke ii Her ferving God At the Temple day and night is to be iinderflood vpife, than that (he conflmtly attended the morning and e'venincr Sat ^ho were then on fevcral occafions in Lejjer Jfta^ id there difperfed through all the Provinces and Ci- es of that Country, did underhand carry on the Ro^ ^an Intereft, in the places where they refuled, to le great obftru£lion o-f his Defigns, (z) fent fecret rders to all the Governours of Provinces and Ma- iftrates of Cities through all Lejfer Afta to put them il to death in one and the fame day, that he had ap- ointed for itj which was accordingly executed with lat rigour, that no lefs than eighty thoufand fay )me, near double that number fay others, o^ Romans ad Italians were then madacred in that Country. After this Mithridates hearing that there was a reat Treafure at Coos^ fent thither, and laid his hand pon it. Cleopatra Queen of Egypt-) when fhe went mh an Army into Phoenicia againft Lathyrus her fon^ i) fent to this place her Grandfon Alexander the Son i Alexander J who then reigned with her in Egypt^ nd with him a great fum of Money with her Jew- Is and all her mod precious things, there to be de- odted as a referve againft all Events. All this {h) Iithidates feifed, and with it {c) the fum of eight undred Talents more, which the Jews o^ Leffer AjU ad there depofited in order to be fenc to Jerufakm >r the fecuring of it from the rapins of the War^ {z.) Epitome Livii lib. 78. L. Floru? lib. ^ cap. 5-. Appiiin. in Mir iridaticis. Cicero in Orationibus pro Lege JVknilia Sc pro F'acco. Mem- 5n cap. 33. VeHcrus Paterculus 1. 2. c. i8.. Oroiius lib. 6. cap. 2. Eu- opius lib, 5-. Valerius Maximus lib. 9. c. 2. Plutarchus in Sylla. Dioa aflius Lcgat. 36. (a) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 1 3. cap. 21. Sc lib, L. cap. 12. Appianus in Miihridaticis. {b) Appianus ibid. 6c on, ana we man ere long again near or mm. Mithridates having thus made himfelf mafter hejjlr Afia (e) fent Archelaus one of his Generals an Army of an hundred and twenty thoufand me to Greece^ who having feifed Athens made tha chief feat of his refidence for the carrying on c war in thofe Parts, and while he lay there he over to him mod of the Cities and States of < for the embracing of the intereft of Mithridates, And in this State (/) Sylla now fent from Ro carry on this war '^^^\w^ Mithridates Aexaiider Hiattcrs on his arrival in Greece^ and t Jannseus jo. fo^'^ i" ^^^ fi^'^ place he laid fiege thens^-Si^^ after having fpent feveral ip in it at laft took the place about the end o year. The Parthians feem this year on the death o metrius Euch^erus to have brought back Antiochu febes into Syria^ and to have there put him ag pofTeflion of fome part of his former Dominions firft, that he came back from P^r/^/^ (whither h fled when vanquiflied by Philip) and reigned in Syria^ is certain. For {g) it was to be deli from the Calamities of the civil war, with whic Sekucidae afHi6ted Syria in their contentions f( crown, that the Syrians called in T'igranes^ ai be hereafter fhewn. But at that time there no other of them to make this contention, but . and Eufehes only, all the reft being then dead, that Tigranes found Eujebes in poflefEon of fomi *' — — f— (d) Appianus in Mithridaticis. (e) Plutarchus in Syll; 'arthians^ that he came back again into Syria feems loft probable, becaufe he having fled to them as iends, they are 'the moil likely as friends to have iven him this aififtance, and they lay the moll con- niient to afford it, the Kingdom of Syria being Dunded by the Banks of the Euphrates on the one de of that River, and (i) the Territories of the arthians reaching to thofe of the other fide 5 and ithouc fomc fuch powerful affiftance he could noc rain have recovered any part of his former Domini- is. But by what alliftance focver he returned, Philip ems at this time to be engaged to oppofe him. But: hile he was thus imployed in the Northern Parts • Syria for the keeping out of one Rival, another irted up againll him in the Southern. For (k) An^ ichus Dioyiyfius his Brother, the youngefl; of the five ns o^Grypus^ taking the advantage of his being thus herwife engaged feifed on Damafcus^ and there ma- ng himfclf King 'of Coek-Syria reigned over it ill lat place for the fpace of about three years. While thefe wars were thus carrying on in Greece id Syria^ Alexander Jannaus was as deeply engaged war with his own people. But ;(/) having now iven it to a decifive Battel he gave them fuch a rrible blow, as foon brought thofe troubles to a mclufion. For having cut off the major part of em in the rout, and driven the chief of thofe, that rvived, into Bethome^ he fhuc up that place all uiid, and there clofeiy befieged them. {h) In Syriacis Z<. in Mithridaticis, {i) The Part>*ia;is had a$ this u all Mefopotamls/rijw? the Tigris to th» Euphrates. (h) Jofa* cihcd all togetner in one aay^ ana tneir wi children to be there {lain before their faces, they hung dying on their Crofles, on whic were crucified > which was a feverity nevei juflifiedjhad there been any other way^whereby brought that rebellious Faftion to reafon. Wl was a doings Alexander made a Treat for his wi concubines near the place where this fcene rour was ading, and to feaft himfelf and thei the fight hereof was the main part of the en ment. From hence Alexander had the name o ddasj that is the 'Thracian.y thofe people bein above all others infamous for their bloody and rous ifruelties. And indeed there could no n invented for him bad enough to exprefs fo \t a procedure. However it had its efFe6i:. For remainder of the rebel party being terrified w horror hereof /led the Country. And after hxander had no more difturbance at home to t of his death. And thus ended this furious rel after it had lafted fix years, and had coft the ] {n) above fifty thoufand men of the rebel fa6lic And this fame year was no lefs fatal to the and Armies of Mithridates^ than it was to th 'Jews, ip) For though he had fent into Gnea the command of Archelaus an hundred and i thoufand men, and under the command of I'ax nother of his Generals, and brother of Archek hundred and ten thoufand, and after that eight] fand more under the command of Dorylaus^ {m) Jofephus ibidem. {n) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 12. il of which was fought at Chcsronea^ and the other JO 2iiOrchomenus^ in which battels he is faid to have in an hundred and fixty thoufand of them > and ereby he forced all the reft of t|;iem to flee out of And the next year after Mithridates was as much ftrefled in Aft a. For (/>) Fimbria^ who ere commanded another Roman Army, '^C^^J^' .ving vanquifhed thebeft remainder of his jannxuszi: jrces, purfued thofe that fled as far as Per- mus^ where Mithridates himfelf then refided, and .ving driven him from thence to Patana a Maritim ity o^ Molia followed him thither, and laying Siege the place, blocked it clofely up by Land, but not ving any Ships to fhut it up by Sea, a paflage ere ftill lay open, whereon Fimbria fent to Lucullus^ ho was then in the Neighbouring Seas with the iman Fleet, to come thither, and would he have ine fo, Mithridates muft necelTarily have been taken j It Fimbria being of a contrary Fa6tion in the State, : would have nothing to do with him, and fo Mit ridates efcaped by Sea to Mitykne^ and from thence )t clear out of their hands, to the great damage of e Roman intereft. And the like often happens, here-ever'theMinifters and Officers of the Govern- ent are divided iiito different Fa6bions. For fuch ^quently ftudy in their feveral Stations more to gratify eir envy, their piques, and their malice againfteach. her, than to ferve the publick intereft of their Coun- \f^ and thereby often make the bed proje6i:s miG- rry, that fo they may obftru6l the honour, or work e difgrace of thofe, that are entrulted with the ex- {q) being terrified with the danger he had fo i ly got clear of, and the many lofTes he had f he fent to Archelaus on any Terms to make with Sylla-y whereon Sylla and Archelaus raee the Ifle of Delos^ agreed that Mithridates reftore Bithynia to Nkomedes^ Cappadocia to ^ zanes^ and all elfe to the Romans, which he ha from them fince the War begun, and be com ly with his paternal Kingdom o^ Pontus-, and mould pay three thoufand Talents to the Ron the Charges of the war, and yield to them of his Ships J and that on thefe Terms Peace be granted, and all paft aflis of hoflility bei gotten Mithridates ihould be received into t\ ber of the Friends and Allies of the Ro?na\ And Sylla and Mithridates having afterward; meeting at Iroas in Aft a there ratified and co thefe Articles on both fides, and thereon thi was publifhed and declared. Sylla would nev confented to make this Peace, but that the c of the Romans at home, and the Civil War commenced, made his return into Italy the lutely neceflliry for the appeafing of them, made Sylla as dcfirous of ending the War, as dates himfelf, who had fuffercd moft by ii therefore Sylla having received the feventy Sh the three thoufand Talents above-mentione mulfted the States and Cities of Afia in the twenty thoufand Talents to be paid in fiv time, returned into Italy to make war with t rian Fa£l:ion, which was there at this time p; of the learned World. Ariftotle at his death left *m to ^heophraftus 'y he on his death bequeathed *m to Neleus of Scepfis^ a City near Pergamus in ta^ and on Neleus^s death they fell to his Heirs, lo being men of no learning only kept them lock- up in a Cheil. But when the Pergamenian Kings, der whofe Jurifdi6i:ion Scepjis was, made diligent rch for all forts of Books for the filling up of their brary at Pergamus, they fearing that thofe Books ght be taken from them, for the preventing of it I them in a Vault under-ground, where they lay I'icd for about an hundred and thirty years, till at gth Apellico a rich Citizen o£ Athens being on the nt after all forts of Books for the making him a ^rary, the Heirs o^ Neleus^ to whom through fe- •al Generations thefe Books were then defcended, ng reduced to Poverty took them up out of the ce, where they had been hid, and fold them to Q. But thefe Books by the length of time, and r moifture of the place where they lay, being fo unified and rotten, that they could Icarce hang ;ether, Apellko caufed Copies of them to be writ- . out, and in the writing •out of them manyChafms ng found in the Original (in feme places Letters, I in fome others whole words, and fometimes fe- al of them together, being either eaten out by orms,or rotted out by time and wet) thefe Chafms re in many places fupplyed by conjecture, and letimes very unskilfully, which hath caufed Diffi- ties in thofe Books ever fince. Apellko being dead ttle before Sylla came to Athens^ he feifed his Li- ry, and with it thefe works of Ariftotle^ and car- communicated to Andronicus Rhodius^ who fr< Copy firft made thefe Works of Ariftotle and to him it is, that the learned World is bi that it hath ever fince enjoyed the very valual lings of this great Philofopher. While {t) Antiochus Dionyjius King of i was making War upon Aretas King of Ar tr^a^ Philip his Brother took the advantage feife Damafcus^ which he got into by the Mikfius the Captain of the Caftle. But V rewarding him as he expected, he took the c nity of his next going abroad for his Dive fliut the Gates againtl him, and kept the < Antiochus^ and on his return out of Arabit whence he immediately hallned on his he this Invafion) reftored it to him again. Hen Tip retreating, Antiochus made another Expec gainft Aretas^ taking his way thorough Jud that part of that Country, that lay betwee and Antipatris^ being the only PaiTage w could have for his Army that way, Alexandi jealous of his Intentions drew Lines betwee two places of the length cf twenty of our I (;) This Tyrannion xoas a Citizen of Amifus in Pontus: taken Prifoner, when Lucullus reduced that place, he was re, for the fuke of his emment Learnii^g. After this going to R< there the Patronage of h\. Cicero, and read Lectures publsckly and there took care if his Library, and did fet it in due Order, pfter growing f'ry rich, he got together a very great Library conffmg of above thirty thoufand Volumes; and he procured x Anilotle'j Works to be jet among them. Concerning all this, j Eihlles Ito. 2. Roill. d.. & lib. J., ad Atticum Epitl. 4. 8c E lorough the Lines, and pafTed on into Arabia -^ but iing there furprized and taken at a Difadvantageby 'retas^ he was flain in the Battel, and rnoft oF his orces were cut ofF with him j and the reft that c- aped had no better Fate. For having after their ight gotten into a Village called Canay they there I perifhed for want of Bread. Whereon Aretashz- me King of Ccele-Syria^ not by Gonqucft after this idory, but by the EIe6tion and Call of the People ' Damafcus^ in oppofition to Ptolemy the Son of Men- ?us Prince of Chalcis in their Neighbourhood. It ems, he would have ferved himfelf of the Oppor- nity offered by the death of Antiochus to have fei- :d that Government : But the People of Damafcus iving an utter Averfion to him, rather than have m, chofe to call in Aretas^ and made him their ing. And affoon as he was fettled in that Sove- ignty he made an Expedition into Judtea againft 'lexander^ and had the better of him in a Battel near ddida. But afterwards a Treaty being commenced Jtween them, all further I^oftilities were fupcrfeded 7 an Agreement of Peace. Many places on the Borders of Arabia having re- )lted from Alexander^ while he was in- iged in his Wars with his Rebel Sub- ^tendet 51$, he being now at leifure from all jannaeas 2z. her Embaraifments {u) marched over irdan again to reduce them 5 and after having taken dla and Dia he fat down before Gerafa^ to which ace Tbeodorus the Son of Zeno had removed his reafure on his deferting Amathus^ as hath been a- we related, and after a ftri6t Siege made himfelf conquered no other Choice, but either jfewsy or elfe to have their Habitations d( ed, and be forced to go feek new Dwellii where. On Sylla's Departure for Italyj Murena^ Vi left in the Government of Jfta^ [x) renc War again with Mithridates without a fufficie for it, which lafted three years, at the end Sylla (being then Di6bator of Rome) diflik Proceedings of Murena {y) recalled hira, ani again with Mithridates the fame Articles ol which he had formerly made with him j ani ded the fecond Mithridatic War. Howe^ Murena on his return triumphed for his in it. The Syrians being weary of the continu made in their Country betw AfTder Princes of the race of Seleucus jannsTustg. Sovereignty of it, and not being ny longer to bear the Deva Sl;uighters, and other Calamities, which the ed hereby, {a) refolved to fling them all off and call in fome foreign Prince to rule ov who might deliver them from thefe Mifer fettle the Country in Peace. And according fixed their Choice on T^igranes King of . and fcnt AmbafTadors to notify it unto him 5 on {b) coming into Syria on this Call 1 poiTcffion of that Kingdom, and there rcig ( X ) Appian. in Mithridatiris. Plutarchus in Sylla. Ep lib. 86. Memnon. cap. 58. {y) Cicero in Oratione pr lom or dyria^ Hujelyes tied into LiUcia^ and tiiere (e) ay hid in an obfcure place of that Country (among he faftnefles it may be fuppofed of Mount faurus) ill he died. What became of Philip is no where lid. It's moft likely, he was {lain by l^granes in Dme oppofition he made againft him on his firft :oming into that Country. (/) Porphyry indeed oakes mention of both thefe Princes as in being near hirty Years after, but that Porphyry was miilakcn lerein will be hereafter Oiewn in its proper place. \\it (g) Selene the Wife of Eufebes ftill retained Pto- 'Mais with fome Parts of Phoenicia and Ccek-Syria^ nd there reigned for many Years after, and was hereby enabled to give a Royal Education to her h) two Sons, the eldcft of which was called ^n- iochus (i) Afiaticus^ and the other {k) Sekucus Cibio- adies.* (/) Jlemnder Janfueus enlarging his Conquefts be- ond Jordan took Gaulana^ Seleuda, and feveral o- her Places in thofe Parts. And the next Year after (m) he made himfelf Ma- ter of the Valley of jintiochus^ and the trong Fortrefs of Gamala. One Deme- AtendCT nus was till then Mafter of thefe places, jannzus 24. •ut there being many grievous Mifde- oeanours laid to his Charge, Alexander deprived him if his Principality, and carried him Prifoner with (d) Appiati. in Syriacis. {e) Applan. in Syriacis. Plutarchui in ompeio. (/) In Graecis Eufebianis Scafigeri. {g) Cicero in 'crrem lib. 4. § iy. Jofephus Antiq. lib. 15. cap. 24. (h) Cicero 'id. {i) Be was called Aliaticus becaufe he was educated in Alia. Luxury and Drunkennefs, whereby he contra Quartan Ague, which he could never get ric long as he Hved, but dyed of it three Years af Ptolemy Lathy rus {n) having for three Yea: Siege to 'Thebes in the Upper Eg^ i!'''' f • length took the place. For they 1 ]ann3eus^27. belled againll him, and being beat- of the Field were ihut up withir Walls, and there forced to bear this Siege, ti' "were thereby now again reduced. Lathyrus taking the place handled it fo feverely for th bellion, that from being the greateft and we; City in Egypt he reduced it to fo low a Cor that it never after any more made a Figure. And not long after this (o) he dyed, having cd from the time of the death of his Father fix Years, of which he reigned eleven with h ther in Kgypt^ eighteen in Cyprus^ and feven a Egypt after his Mother's death. He was fuc by Cleopatra his Daughter, and only Leg Child, Her proper name was Berenice^ and Paufanias calls her. For it is to be noted, thi the Males of this Family had the common n Ptolemy^ fo all the Females of it had that of ira^ and befides had other proper names to difl: them from each others Thus Selene (q) waj Cleopatra^ and fo were alfo two other of her And in like manner this Daughter of Lc whbfe proper name was Berenice^ bore alfo Cleopatra according to the tifage of her Famih (n\ Paufanias in Atticis. ibi Thebas Bceotias pro Thebis /^ vingdom atter the death ot Lathyrus his jannseusi^ Jncle, as next Heir to him of the Male- ine, there claimed the Crown. But the Jkxandrians laving put Cleopatra on the Throne, and {he having low fat on it fix Months before his arrival 5 to com- ►romife the matter, and avoid difpleafing Sylla^ who s perpetual Dictator at this time abfolutely govern- d the Romayi State, it was agreed that Cleopatra hould be given to him to Wife, and that theyfhould ►oth reign jointly together. But jikxander either lot liking the Lady, or elfe not liking to have a ^artner in the Government, {$) at nineteen days ^wdi fter the Marriage put her to death, and then reign- d alone fifteen Years. I have before related how his Alexunder had been fent by Queen Cleopatra his jrandmother to Coos there to be educated, and how* Mithriddtes there took him with all the Treafure, vhich his Grandmother fent thither with him. Af- er this {/) having made his efcape from Mithridates le fled to Sylla^ who receiving him kindly took him nto his Protedion, and carried him with him to ^ome^ and from thence on this occafion fent him to ake pofleffion of the Kingdom of Egypt^ and there or fear of Sylla he was accordingly received in- o it. Alexander Jann^eus {u) being ftill afflifted with the (r) Appian. De Bellis Civilibus lib. i. Porphyrius in Gra?cis Eufebianis icaligeri. {s) Porphyrius ibid. Ht there faith, that this Alexander vtis for this murderous Faci flain by the Alexandrians, and Appian in the lace lafi cited faith the fame., but this is a Mijiake, for he reigned fif- pen years after, as will be hereafter fhevpn. (t) Appian. de Bellis Ci- vilibus lib. I. & Porphyrius ibid. («) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 13. cap. 23, in having inftead of alleviating the Diftempe perated it to a greater height he died of it CampA At his death (b) he left two Sons I him, Hyrcanus and Ariflobulus^ but bequeath Ijovernment of the Kingdom to Alexandra \\\\ during her Life, and afterwards to which o her two Sons ihe fliould think fit to difpofe oi Alexandra being then with him at this Siege her finding him in a dying Condition was exa ly troubled at the ill ftate, which ilie feared, i her Children fhould be left in at his death knew how much he had exafperated the Pi then a powerful Sedand Party in the Jewii tion, and how great Hatred at their initigati generality of the People had contracted againil and therefore faw nothing elfe, that fhe had pefl: on Alexander's death, but that they woi the wreaking of their Revenge agai nil him fa] her, and his Children by her, and deilroy the Family > And hereon {he made great Lamenta him as Ihe fat by his bed-fide, where he lay a To eafe her mind from thefe difnial Appreh he gave her thofe Directions, which he affun if duly followed, would extricate her out of Danger, and fecure both Safety and Tranqui her and her Family. For his Advice was, tl (liould conceal his Death till the Callie fliould ken, and then lead back the Army to Jeruji^ Triumph for this Succefs, carrying thither wi his dead Corps j and that allbon as fhe ihc there arrived, flic ihould call together to 1 or otherwiie to be diipoled or as they mould thinj fit J And that then fhc fhould promife them, that fh would follow their Advice in all matters of the Go vernment, and do nothing therein, but what ihoul( be agreeable to their Sentiments, and according v their Dire6i:ions. Do, faid he, but follow this Ad vice, and you fhall not anly gain me an honourabl Funeral, but alfo both for you and your Children fafe Settlement in the Government. And fo it ac cordingly happen'd. For on having taken the Caftl fhe returned to Jem/alem in the manner as direfl:ed and then calling together to her the leading Men o the Pharifaic Seft, ihe did and faid to them, as he dying Husband had advifed, taking efpecial care h allure them, that fhe would put the Adminiftratio: of the Government, and the prime Direftion of a] the Affairs of it again into their hands 5 which Pro mife fweetned them to fuch a degree, that immedi ately laying afide all that Hatred to the dead King which they had to the utmoft contra6i:ed againft hir while living, they turned it into Veneration and Re fpe£ts for his Memory, and inftead of thofe Inve ftives, which formerly their Mouths had been fu of againfl: him, they made Encomiums upon hini magnifying his great Exploits in enlarging their Dc minions, and encreafing thereby the Power, Honoui and Intereft of the Nation; whereby they fo far re conciled the People to him, whom before on all oc cafions they had exafperated againft him, that here upon he was buried with a more fumptuous and he nourable Funeral, than had been made before for an of his Predeceflbrs, and Alexandra according to h did put the prime Management and Adminilt of her Affairs into the hands of the Pharifees. iirft thing they did was (/) to procure that I of John Hyrcanus to be revoked, whereby in iV ter end of his Government he had caufed all Traditionary Gonftitutions to be abolifhed which till now had been ever fince feverely ex( to the gi'eat grief and mortification of this But by this Revocation the Traditions being reftored to their former Credit, and the Pharij their full Liberty agaia to impofe and pro] them, they grew to that bulk, which I have a mention'd, and that People have ever fince b( enflaved to them, that they have for their fake abolifhed and made of none efFe6t the very w Word it felf, of which they are pretended to tain the Explication. Next this they releafed s of Prifon, who had been committed thither fc ing concerned with them in the late Civil Wan called home from Banilliment all fuch, who fc fame caufe had been forced to flee their Coi and reftored to them again their former Pofle -and hereby much cncreafed both the number itrength of their Party. Tigranes having built a large new City in Jr 'which from his own name he called 'figramcert V^he City of 'Tigranes^ {g) he by the Inftjgation c thridates invaded Cappadocla^ and carried thence hundred thoufand of the Inhabitants of that ^ id) Jofephus ibid. & Antiq. lib. 20. C3p. S. {e) 'For Hyrc: tng taji 80 at the time of his death mu(l have been at lead 27 at populous, and ailigning them Lands there for thei Cultivation fufficient for each man's fupporc. Am he is faid to have demolifhed twelve Grecian Cities ii Lejfer Afta for the peopling of T^igramcerta only befides what he did elfewhcre for the fame pur pofe. For he tranfplanted thither great number from AJfyria^ Adidbene^ GordiancC^ and other places as well as from the Grecian Cities mentioned, fo the making of this place a great and populou City. The Pharifees m Judaea having ftrengthned them fclves by releafing all the Prifoners, and calling home all the Exuls of their Par- s\I^^P' ^ , , . . , , , Alexandra! ty, as hath been mentioned, proceeded (lo) to demand juftice againfl all thofe, at whofe In ligation, and by whofe Advice, Alexander had cru cified the eight hundred Rebels above-mentioned which was in eife6t againfl all thofe that had ftooc by him in that War. For all thofe they involved ii this guilt. And firft they began with Diogenes a no ted Confident of the late King's, and having cu him off they proceeded to others, laying againfl then the fame Accufation, and this was made a Pretenc for their deflroying all tVit of the adverfe Party whom they mofl miflikedj and Alexandra was mucl againfl her will forced to allow them thus to proceed becaufe they having gotten all the People on thei fide fhe could no otherwife keep peace at home though fhe had two powerful Armies on foot on th borders of her Kingdom, which made her a Terro to all her Neighbours. She dreaded a Civil War having feen fo much of the Calamities of it in he man People his Heirs, by vertue w] Alexandra 2 ^^^^ Country thenceforth became man Province, which occafion Mit ies laying hold of for his reviving of the War with the Romans fpent the moft part of this y making Preparations for it. This year (k) Cyrene alfo was reduced into th form of a Roman Province. Ptolemy Apion th King of that Country (/) having on his death it by his will to the Romans^ they inftead of acc( of it declared all the Cities free, and left them governed by their own Laws. This was done ty years before this time, as hath been (m) abo^ lated. But this {n) caufing Seditions among and afterwards Tyrannies to the great vexation ( Inhabitants, the Romans found it neceflary to r their Grant, and make it a Roman Province Peace of the Country being no otherwife to b< vided for. To thefe Difturbances {p) the Je the Country are faid to have much contril They were firft planted in it by the firft Pt that reigned in Egypt^ as hath been above n where they grew and multiplied fo fall , thai fhort time they became a great part of the bulk ( People in that Country, and are faid often to diflurbed it by their Seditions, to which no they were fumciently provoked by the other bitants. For being by reafon of their difFeren ligion, and different way of living, much hat (i) Appian. in Mitliridaticis 8c de Bellis civllibus lib. i.Epit ore the blame oi: the whole, ana tnis otcen hapaea y be their cafe in jilexandria. Mithridates (p) feized Paphlagonia and Bithynia* ind the Province of ^Jia being much xhaufted by the Roman Publicans, and AlexTndra^V loman Ufurers, to be dehvercd from liefe Oppreflions again revolted to him, and hereon egan the third Mithridatic War, which lafted near ^velve years. For the managing of this War againft him {q) the 'onfuls of this year Lucius Lucullus and darcus Cotta were fent from Rome with AlexlndraV wo Armies, the firft having Afia^ Ci- claj and Cappadocia^ and the other Bithyma and the hopontis afligned them for their Provinces. But (r) d, Cotta being a Perfon not skilPd in War, on his rrival in his Province was vanquifhed by Mithridates t Chalcedon with the Slaughter of a great number f his Men, and at»the fame time loft the beft part f his Fleer, which he had there for the defending f that Coaft. Mithridates animated WM*th this Succefs fV) laid fiegc 3 Cyzicus a City on the Propontis^ which :renuoufly adhered to the Roman intereft Alexandra^, uring this War. Could Mithridates have ^ade himfelf Maftcr of this place, it would have o- ened to him a clear and fafe Paflage from Bithynu^ (p) Appian. in Mithridaticis. Plutarchu? 4l Lucullo. Epitome Livii '• 9?- (l') PJiitarch. 8c Appianibid. Cicero pro Murcna. Memnon ip. 59. Eutropius lib. 6. (r) Plutarch, Appian. & Livius ibid, p. Mithridatis apud Saluft. Frag, lib, 4. (s) Plutarchus in Lucul- begirt it with three hundred thoufand Men Camps by Land, and with four hundred S War by Sea. But he was no fooner fat down it with his Army, but LucuUus fat down by hii another, and there without coming to a Bat obftru&ing his SuppHes of Provifions, by ©n his Foragers, by cutting oiF Detachmen out on feveral occafions, and by caking all oth vantages, as they wei^ offered, he fo wafted ilreifed him, that at length he forced him to r Siege with difgrace, after having loft the < part of his numerous Army in it. There being fome Confufions in Egypt^ diflike which the People had of Alexander^ S Sifter to Lathyrus put in her Claim for that ( and {t) fent her two Sons Jntiochus Aftatkus \ leucus (whom fhe had by Antiochus Eufebes) t( to folicit the Senate for the putting of her in fion of it. But after two years* Ipent in fol this matter they were forced to return withou ccfs, and had alfo the misfortune to be rol their way home by Verves Praetor of Sicily^ ; palfed through that Ifland. The Roman S held them fo long in hand with hopes at Rom to get the more Money out o^ Alexander for t] firming of him in that Kingdom. And whe bad thus fqueezed out of him all that could 1 they declared for him, whom they had got m and fent home the two young Princes to thei ther with Baffle andfDifappointnient. In Judc^a the Pharifees {it) v/cnt on ftill to thofe that had fided with the late King againi' iccuiations or the lame nature agaiiilt luch others ot hem, as they moft mifliked, in order to fubjcdt them o the fame fatal Ruin. Whereon (w) the Friends and Adherents of the ate King feeing no end of thefe Pro- ecutions at length gathered together, AlexTndraV. nd went in a iull body to the Queen, vith Ariftohulus her younger Son at the head of hem, to remonftrate againll thele Proceedings. On vhich occafion having fet forth their Services to the ate King, and their faithful adhering to him in all lis Wars and Difficulties, and fhewn how hard a hing it was, that now under her Government they hould for this very reafon be fubje6ted to punifli- nent, and be thus facrificed to the malice of their Enemies for no other guilt, but for having in oppo- ition to them been Friends to her and her Family, hey earneftly prayed of her, that a flop might be )ut to thefe Proceedings for the future > or if this :ould not be done, that they might have leave to de- )art the Land, and feek their Safety elfewhere j or ;lfe that they might be difperfed thro' the Garrifons )f the Kingdom, that fo by this means at lead they night be put out of the reach of their Enemies, rhe Queen heartily commiferated their Gaufe, as be- ng fenfible of the hardfhip of it, but was not able :o help them as far as fhe could wiih. For fhe was ^ot fo far into the hands and power of the Pharifees^ hat file could do nothing, but what they liked. To top all further Proceedings againfl: thofe Men, they :ryed, would be to put a flop to the courfe of Ju- lice, which was in no Government to be endured. thereby deprive herfelf of all refuge, whereto ill cafe of need. And therefore flie chofe to them in their third Demand^ and placed them feveral Garrifons of the Kingdom, which an a double end. For when they were thus feti thefe Fortrefles with their Swords in their their Enemies could no more approach them them any hurt 3 and they were there a certain for the fervice of the Qiieen, whenever oc ihould require. This year was born Herod the Great^ who \ terwards King of Judaa (for he was (x) twen years old when he was firft made Governor ol lee in the year before Chrift 47) ( r) his Fath( jintipas a noble Idumaan^ and his Mother Cy^ an illuftrious Family among the Arahiam, Tt tipas to bring his name to the Greek form calle( felf Antipater^ and under that name we fhall frequent occalions to fpeak of him in the futu ries of this Hiftory. Nic&hs Damafcenus^ wl" v;rote a General Hiftory confifting of 124 aith Jofephus^ of 144 faith Athenaus^ having t given an account of the Aftions of Herod^ as they fell within the time, where he conclud( Work, and publifhed the whole, while Hen living, therein {a) to flatter him, as being a Favourite of his, derives the Pedigree of An his Father from one of the Principal Jews t\ {x) Jofephus Antiq. lib, 14. cap. 17. Tor there, infiead of of age it ought to be read zf years. See Cafaubon'j fr/i Exe ubon Baronius can. 2d,, and Uflier'^ Annals 1. P. 4.667. C ) ly fomc Thieves oi Idiimaa^ while a Child, and his ^ather being fo poor as not to be able to redeem im, he was made a Slave in that Country, and as ich there bred up in the Religion of the Idum^^ans which was then the fame with that of the Jews) and rom this mean Original grew up to that Figure, 7hich he afterwards made in the world. But Jofe^ hus^ who beftknew the Truth, and is thelikelieftto date it without difguife on either fide, tells us of his Antipas or Antipater^ That {c) he was of a noble 'amily in Idtimcea^ that his Father being called alfo intipas {d) was Governour of Idum^a under King vf- ^xander Jatm^us and Alexandra his Queen. ByCoun- ry therefore he was an Idumaan^ but by Religion a ^ew^ as all other Idum^eans were from the time that lyrcanus brought them all to embrace the Jewifh Leligion, of which I have above given an Account. In the interim the MitbridaticW^x Hill went on in .effer AJia. (e) Mithridates being forced to raife the iege of Cyzicus with the lofs of fo great a part of is Army, as hath been mentioned, fled to Nicomedia^ nd from thence by Sea into Pontus^ leaving fome art of his Fleet with ten thoufand of his choiceft /len behind him in the Hellefpont under the Com-» land of three of his prime Generals. Thcfe LucuU IS falling on with the Roman Fleet cut moft of thetn ff in tv/o Naval Victories, which he gained over biem, the firft at T'enedus^ and the other near Lem^ usy in the laft of which he took the three Gene* (b) Africanus apud Eufebiura in Hift. EccleriafT:. lib. i. cap. 7. Am- ving by thefe two Vi61:ories quite cleared al Coafls of the Enemy he turned his Arms on th tinent, and having reduced firft Eithynia^ ar Papblagonia^ from thence marched irvto Pontus ry the War home to Mithridates's own where he found him almoll as much bro Tempefts in his Return through the Euxin Sci had been by the War: For therein he had lofl all the remainder of his Fleet and the Army, he was carrying home for the defence of h Country^ And therefore on Lucullus's Arrival very bufy in railing new Forces for the oppo himj and to llrcngthen himfelf the better fent AmbalTadors to ^igranes King of Armenia^ Parthians^ to the Scythians^ and to other neig ing Nations to follicit their Afliftance. In th time Lucullus marched into his Country and lai to Ami/us and Eupatoria^ two of the chief C his Kingdom, the latter of which flood nigh ther, and being newly built by him was called toria from Eupator his own furname, and m; him the chief feat of his refidencc, and the . polisofhis whole Kingdom. And at the fan Lucullus fent another part of his Army to belie| mifcyra^ a City on the River Thermodon as cor ble as either of the other two. While thefe Sieges were carrying on by t mans (/) Mithridates having gotte AtondraS. ''}^\ Army together early in th^ Spnng took the Field with n Whereon Lucullus leaving Murena to carry ''igranes his fon-in-lawj but he was fo far from find- ig fuch a reception from him, as he defired, that he ^as there a year and eight months ere 1'igranes ;ou'd take any Notice of him, or as much as admit im to fpeak with him. After this Victory all pla- es in Pontus yielded to the Conqueror, excepting irmfus^ (which held out till the beginning of the ext Spring) and fome few other FortrefTes. For be Romans were forced to fpend two winters before imifus^ ere they could make themfelves Maflers of bat important place. Ptolemy the Son of Menn^us Prince of Chalets at be foot of Mount Libanus being very vexatious to is Neighbours, and efpecially to thofe of Damafcus^ l) Alexandra fent Ariflohulns her younger Son with n Army to fupprefs him, and under that Pretence, s it feems, to feife Damafcus. But Ariftabuhs being lore intent to make an Intereft for the Crown againll he time that his Mother fhould die, than to exe- ute his Commiffion, made ufe of this opportunity nly to fecure the Army for him. And therefore ha- ing feifed Damafcus^ he returned without fuppref- ing the OpprefTor, againft whom he was fent, or do- ig any thing elfe, that was memorable, in this Ex- edition. Selene^ after the return of her Sons from Rome^ inding that her pretences to the King- om of £^>^/ could not fucceed, endea- ^CLlTg^ oured to enlarge herfelf m Syrta^ where Jo) having drawn over feveral Cities to revolt to ler, and attempted to do the fame as to all the reft, be hcrebv brought finanes upon her with all his up oeLene in riowmai^^ uiiu laia oicgc lo tnc ri his taking of it he there took her prifoner, his return having carried her with him as far leucia in Mefopotamia he there (k) caufed her put to death. She was the Daughter of Ptolem con King of Egypt^ and had at firft been the \ Ptolemy Lathyrus her Brother, but being take him by her Mother was given in Marriage to chus Grypus^ and after his Death fhe married chus Eufebes the Son q{ Antiochus Cyzicenus^ b} Ihe had her two Sons. Appian (/) tells us, t married Cyzkenus himfelf, and after his Deatl hes his Son, and makes this Remark upon it all the Misfortunes that afterward befel EtiJ was a juft Judgment of Heaven upon him f Incefl. But this cannot be true. For the S< the Syrian Hi (lory after the Death of Grypu not allow a Place for any fuch Marriage of he Cyzkenus^ neither doth any other Hi dorian fa While "Tigranes lay at the Siege of Ptolem Queen Alexandra fearing his Power fent Amb thither to him with large Prefents to court vour and defire his Friendfhip, whom he r with all feeming Kindncfs, accepting the P and granting the Friendlliip that was defire not fo much out of favour to the Queen, as ti ply with the exigency of his own Affairs. ] Progrefs of the Romans in Pontus and Cappado king his prefence in Armenia then neceflary defence ofthofe parrs of his Dominions, he a\ king all the hafte he could to return thithe brought with him into thofe Parts. On his Return from Ptolemais to Antmh ( n) h there met with Puhlius Clodius^ who was fenc thithe in an Embafly from Lucullus to demand Mithridate to be deliver'd to him, with order in cafe of refufa to declare War againft him. Clodius in executing hi Commiilion having exprefTed himfclf with a freedon which Tigranes had never met with before (abfo hite Will and Pleafure having hitherto governed al his Aftions without admitting the lead Contradiftio] or Controul) he was very much offended at it, bu much more at the Letter of Lucullus then delivere- to him on this occafion. For he had directed it v King figranesy without fliling him King of Kings which was a Title he had aflumed, and out of hi Pride much affefted j and to make his Claim to it th better appear, on his having taken feveral pett Kings Prifoners in his Wars againft them, {o) he ha the Vanity to make them wait on him as his Set vants in all ofSces of fervice about his Perfon. H never went abroad, but he had four of them to at tend him, two running by him on one fide of hi horfe and two on the other j and thus in like man ner was he ferved by fome or other of them at hi Table, in his Bed-chamber, and on all other occafi ons, but moft efpecially when he gave audience t Ambafladors. For then to make the greater oftenta tion of his glory and greatnefs to foreign Nations h made all thefe captive Kings in the pollure and ha bits of fervants to range themfelves on each fide c him. To exprefs his refentment againft Lucullus fo not giving him this Title, on his writing back agai clared War from the Romans againft him, ar turned to Luculliis to acquaint him of it. At this iim^ Lucullus was in the Province of th( per JJia. For after having driven Mithridates ( Pontus^ taken Amifus and Eupatoria^ and reduced of the reft of that Kingdom, he (/>) was ret thither, and finding that this Province had falle der great diforders and opprefHons from the In of Ufurers, and PubHcans, he imployed a grea ofthisyearin reforming them 5 and he took wife order herein, as eife6l:ually removed all Mifchicfs, and wrought a thorough cure of whereby he gained to fo great a degree the E and Affeftion of the Provincials, that they tuted Games in his honour called Z^^^/Zi^, ^ they annually celebrated for feveral years after. he gained at the fame time no lefs Honour an( putation among the neighbouring Nations be himfelf and all the Roman People for his Juft this proceeding. But the Roman Ufurers and cans, whofe Lucre was much abridg'd hereby, ning to Rome with Accufitions againft him o Account, there clamoured fo loud againft him i the People, as firft to beget in them that mill him, which being afterwards improved by falfe Rumours, became the caufe that he ^ length recalled much fooner than otherwife he have been, and another fent in his ftead to re? Laurels of his Vidories. . War being declared againft I'igranes^ {^) ^ haftned back again into Pontus for the profecut nfifting of twelve thoufand foot and three thou- id horfe he marched thorough Cappadocici to the v.phratcs^ and having pafled that River in the midft ' Winter he continued his courfe to the 'Tigris^ and Lving pafled that River alfo marched diredly to 31- anocerta (r) which lay a little beyond it, there to II upon figranes in his Metropolis, whither he was iwly returned from Syria. For he having put one ' Death for telling him o£ Lucullus's firft March to- ards him, no one durft tell him any more of ir, II he was now arrived almofl to the very doors of his alace. And hence it was that Lucullus had pafled trough fo great a length of Armenia without any ^polition to hinder his Progrefs, till he arrived fo igh to the Royal City. A little before this Invafion of Armenia by the [omans^ (s) Alexandra Queen of Judaea fell fick and ied, being then feventy three years old. She was a rincefs of great Wifdom, and had fhe not gone in )o much to the Pharifees^ or could fhe pofl^bly have voided doing fo, no Exceptions could have been lade to her Government. Salome the Widow of A- 'ftohulus^ the elder Brother of Alexander^ {t) having :cording to Jofepbus been called alfo Alexandra by le Greeks^ this hath made (u) fome think that this Uexandra and fhe were one and the fame Pcrfon, and ^at Alexander after Ariftobulus's Death married her ccording to the Jewifli Law to raife up feed to his ►rother j but the Birth of HyrcanuSy who is every .There owned to be her Son by Alexander^ proves the (r) Tigranocerta ixxts built on the Eafi fide of the Tigris about two Days Hyrcanus wa^ born of her five years before th( oi Ariftohulus is proved from the Age which of at the time of his Death. For that hap the thirtieth year before Chrifi^ he was then ing {w) to Jofephus above eighty j fuppofing have been eighty one, this will carry up the his Birth to the year before Chrift one hund eleven, which was juft five years before Ar died. AlToon as Ariftohulus the younger Son of Ai faw his Mother was pad recovery, having Ic folved to feife the Crown on her Death, (a-) vately in the night left Jemfalem^ taking oi iervant with him, and repaired to the Caftles, ii by his procurement his Father's Friends had b ced in Garrifon, by whom he was gladly re and in fifteen days time two and twenty of th trefles one after another put themfdves i: Hands, and thereby they made him in a mann Her of all the reft of the Strength of the Ki And at the fame time the Army and the Peop ready to declare for him, as being weary of \ preffive Adminiftration of the Pharifees^ who Government of all publick Affairs under Qu le^candra. For they had managed it with muc rity and infolence, and with fo great an Aim venge againft their Enemies of the contrary I as was fcarce any longer tolerable. And then this occafion Ariftohulus v/as flock M to of a as one who, they- knew, would put an end \ Mens Tyranny, which they could have no 1 from Hyrcanus^ who was bred up by his Mot! hIus prevailed, they being greatly difturbed at it got '■iyrcanus at the Head of them, and went to the dy- ^g Queen to acqiraint her how the cafe flood, and o pray her Direction and Ailiflance in it. Her An- vver to them was, that {he was not in a Condition ny more to charge herfelf with fuch Aflfairs, and hcrefore remitted all to their Management, and Toon fter died, leaving Hyrcanus her eldefl: Son Heir of .11 {he had, who accordingly on her Death took pol- eflion of the Throne, and the Pharifees did their ut- noft to fecure him in it. Aflbon as Ariftohulus had eft Jerufalem^ they had procured that his Wife and ^^hildren, whom he had left there behind him, were hut up in the Caftle of Baris^ there to be referved s Hoftages againft him. But this not flopping his Dourfe they {y ) got ready an Army, and he affoon ;ot ready another, and near Jericho it came to a de- :i{ive Battle between them, in which moft of the •"orces of Hyrcanus going over to his Brother, he vas forced to flee to Jerufalem^ and there fhut him- elf up in the Caftle Baris^ where the Wife and ZhMr tti o^ j^riftohdus were kept as his Prifonersj nd tkofe that adhered to him took Sandtuary with- n the verge of the Temple. But they foon after [oing over to Ariflohulus alfo, this forced Hyrcanus to ome to Terms with him, by which it was agreed, hat Ariflohulus fhould have the Crown and the High- Viefthood, and that Hyrcanus making full rcfignati- »n of both, fhould be contented to live a private life mder the Proteftion of his Brother upon his own )rivate Fortunes > which he willingly enough fub- nitted to, as being a Man that loved his own Eafe lus Creticus then being Confuls at Rome^ that nus began his Reign •, and {a) in another place ic was in the i7pth Olympiad, Cains Antonius r ^ulUus Cicero being then Confuls, that Jerufah taken by Pompey^ and Arifiohulus depofed 5 ace to which account from the death o( Alexandra^ Hyrcanus begun his Reign, to the time when hulus ended his, there mud have intervened fix fo much time having elapfed from the firft of two Confulates to the other. And therefore two Brothers, taking the times of their Reign together, muft have reigned at leaft fix But Jofephus aligning no more than three Moi Hyrcanus^ and no more than {b) three years a months to Arifiohulus^ both thefe put togethei no more than three years and nine months, and fore in one of thefe two particulars there muft Error, that is either in that, which affigns nc than three months to Hyrcanus^ or elfe in that, affigns no more than three years and {ix month riflohdus. For either the one or the other pi inuft have reigned longer to makeup the time, according to the Interval of the Confulates mentioned mull be affigned to both. Arch UJher's Opinion is {c) that the Error is in tl mer of thefe particulars, that is^ that in the p Jofephus^ where we read, that Hyrcanus reignc three months, it ought to be three years, and was fo in the Original j but that there the Gree for months crept in inllead of that which is fo by the Error of fome Scribe, that wrote 01 Copy. Another (d) learned Man to folve this [ic 1 luic artci liu^ rii^iii, \ and each of them ing made by this correftion Cix years and fix months, :h will be made to agree with each other, and th beft to accord with the feries of the Hiftory, \t is related concerning this matter. It may be d in oppofition hereto, that {f) three years in the t place is exprefled by words at length, and not by !^umerical Letter as in the firft, and herein I have owed a mi (lake is not fo eafily made. The an- er hereto is, that the alteration in this laft place ms not to be made by cafual miftake, but by de- n. I take the whole to have been done in manner folio weth. The Numerical Letter for f,x before 5 vjoxdi years in the firft place of Jofephus above- ;ntioned being by the cafual miftake of fome tran- iber changed into the Numerical letter for three^ len it had gone fo for fome time in other Copies nfcribed from it, fome Critic, to make Jofephus a- :e with himfelf in both places, inftead of mend- ; the firft place, where the error was, by the fe- id, altered the fecond, where there was no error, make it accord with the firft, and thereby brought or into both> ahho' in that very place, when and thereby alfo left fufficient light, whe guide us for the fetting of the whole again ai For if both places muft be made to agree wi other (as it is not to be doubted, but that both did) then as fix months are exprefled lirft place, fo Gx months muil be implied by preffion above-mentioned in the fecond place fix months were there originally implied in it, infer the words immediately preceding to ha^ originally fix years alfo, and not three as in c fenc Copy. For as fix years can have none months, fo fix months can have none but f in that place of equal number with them. An( fore as it mufl be read fix years and fix in the firfl place, fo alfo muil it be read fix y( an equal number of months is the fecond pla this will make all agree in both places, that with the other, and both with what is writtei Hiftory mentioned concerning the reign of th Brothers. 1'igranes having found by the declaration c us^ that war was intended againfl Arlftobu- Lucullus^ on his return into Armen. Ins II. I. \(\^ Syrian Expedition (^^ admitted dates into conference with him, th; fulting together about the operations of the war they might agree on fuch methods, s fhould judge propereft for the profecuting of the befi advantage for the common interefl c The refuk hereof was, Mithridates was fent b to Pontus with ten thoufand Horfe in order t get together more Forces, and return agaii vanced near upon him, as hatn been above-menti- led. The firft, that dm ft tell him of this after his itting to death the firft meflenger of this Invafion, as Mithrobarzanes one of his chief favourites, who id for his reward the Commiffion of oppofing the ivader, in the execution of which he perifhed. 3r he being immediately on his giving the King lis intelligence fent forth with an Army, and com- anded to take Lucullus alive and bring him •ifoner to him, as if the thing were as eafily to be )ne as faid, was cut off in the attempt, and moft of s Forces with him. Hereon Ttgranes left 'Tigrano^ rta^ and fled to Mount ^aurus^ ordering all his orces there to rendezvous to him. In the interim ucuUus laid (lege to "Tigranocerta^ and by his Lieute- mts fent abroad with detachments from the main rmy did cut off feveral parties of "Tigranes's Forces, they were marching from their feveral Quarters to le place of general Rendezvous. Affoon as 'Tigra^ 'J had gotten all his Army together to the number F about three hundred and fixty thoufand men of all •rts, he marched with it to the relief of Tigrano-* rta. Whereon (i) Lucullus leaving Murena with fix loufand men to continue the fiege marched with le reft of his Forces to meet the enemy, and akho' e fcarce reached the twentieth part of their num- er, yet with thefe only he fought this numerous Tmy, and got an abfolute vidtory over them, flay- \g great numbers of them, and putting the reft to ight, and Tigrams himfelf hardly efcaped. So that (h) Plutarchus ibid. Appian. in Mirhridaticis. fi) Memnon to his reiiet. He had heard ot his march him before the battel, but making fure of vai ing the enemy hafhied to fight before his arriv he might not fhare with him in the glory of tlory, but inftead of this he came only to t^ patt in the grief and regret for the lofs of it. evet finding 'Tigranes much deje6ted under th fortune he comforted him as much as he coul gdve him the bed advice for the repairing of h tered fortunes, that they were capable of \ on Tigranes^ as a man utterly confounded unc £tn(^ of the Calamity he was fain into by tl overthrow, remitted all to the direftion and m ment o£ Mithridates^ as one better experienced affairs of w^ar, and better acquainted with the v/ay of managing it. The refolutions taken i confultations were to get together another v/ith all the fpeed, and by all the means they ^ hie. In order hereto they went round the C to raife more forces, and at the fame time fen the neighbouring Nations to pray their afii efpecially to the Parthians^ who lay neareft to and by the greatnefs of their power were beft : help them in this diftrefs. And the letter whi thridates on this occafion wrote to (/) ^rfaces of Parthia is Hill extant in the fourth Book Fragments of the General Hiftory of Saluft. interim Lucullus made himfelf mailer of 'Tigrm {k) Plutarch m the life of Lucullus quotes Livy for the firfi of murksy and Anliochus, an eminent Fhllofopher of thofe times, J ther, (I) Arfaces tiQas a name common to all the Kings of 1 aking of ic (m) gave all thefe liberty again to return 0 their former habitations, which all gladly accept- ^^g o^^pgramcerta from a great city was on a fuddeii educed to a fmall village, and no more made any igure m that Country. Had (n) LucuUus immediate- y aher this purfued Tigranes^ and not given him the opportunity of raifing new Forces, he muft either ^we taken him Prifoner, or driven him out of the .ountry, and thereby put an end to the war. His imitnng to do this difpleafed the Romans as well in he Camp as in the City at home, as if his neslea erein had been out of ^t^xgvx to draw out the war 3r the continuing of himfelf the longer in Com- mand 5 and the difcontenr, which was hereby created jainft him, gave the jufleft reafon for that refoluti- n, which was taken hereupon of fending him a fuc- ^iTor, though ic was not executed till two years ker. ^ Among other methods taken by 'ilgranes for the ringing of another Army into the field againft Lu- Hlus ont was, {0) he recalled MegadaUs out of 6>'n>, rdenng him to come with all the forces he had in lat Country for his affiftance at this pinch. Where- 1 Syria being left naked {f) Antlochus Afiaticus the n of Antioehus Eufebes^ to whom of right the inhe- tance of that Country belonged, as being the next rviving Heir of the Sekucian Family, took poiTef- 3n ot lome parts of it, and there quietly reigned ) four years without the leaft contradi61:ion or di-^ (m)^ Strabo lib. u. p. ^j^r, u lib. 12. p. 5-39. Plutarchus in Lucullo* ' .P^o" CafTius lib. 35-. (^0) Appian. in Syriacis. (/,) Appi- . .r. Rotten together an Army of feventy Ariftobu- ^^^"^^ choice men, and exercited them : I'jsil. 2. Roman way of fighting, about the ri of the fummer took the Field with But flrongly encamping themfelves on all movements in advantagious places, where they not be attacked, and not being to be drawn b cullus to hazard another battel by all the mea made ufe of for this purpofe, they mull at 1 have worn him out of the Country for want o vifionsj which being what they aimed at by tfi jay, Lttcullus found it necelTary to break their fures herein, and at length refolved on an expe ^vhich effeftually accomplifhed it. For digram ving left his wives and children at Artaxata^ t] Metropolis of Armenia^ and there depoiited the nnd befl of his EfFefe and Treafures (/;) Lucul Iiimfelf and all his Army on a march thither f taking of that place, concluding that Tiigranes ^ not bear this, but forthwith march after him f preventing of it, and thereby give him the op] nity of forcing him to a Battel, and fo it acco ly happen'd. For affoon as Tigraiies knew of . lus's defign, he immediately made after him wi his Army to hinder the execution of it, and ii days time having by long marches gotten befon took poft on the further lide of the River ^r over which Lucullus was to pafs in his way t taxata^ refolving. there to oppofe his further pre which brought it to a battel between them, in ^ the Romans again obtained a very fignal vi There were (jj three Kings prefent in this battel all loll their courage hereon, and this became the caufe that they loft the battel alfo. LucuUus after thij v'i6lory would have continued his march to Artaxata. the taking of which would have put an end to the war, but it lying at the diftance of many days marcl: to the North, and winter coming on with fnow) and tempeftuous weather, his foldiers weary of the fatigues of fo incommodious a Campaign would fol low him no further into thofc cold regions-, where^ on being forced to yield to this neceffity he (/ marched back to the Southward, and pailing Moun "Taurus entered into Mefopotamia^ and having taker the ftrong City of Nijibis there put his Army intc winter Quarters. In thefe Quarters that fpirit o mutiny firft began to appear in LucuUus' s Army which hindred him from doing any further fervio with it after that time. Publius Clodius Brother o Lucullus's wife was the prime incendiary of this dif order, for reafons which will be hereafter mention ed. In the interim {u) Mithridaies with four thou fand men of his own and four thoufand more whicf he received from "Tigranes^ was returned into Pontus and had there vanquilhed Fahius^ and diftreffed I'riari us ^nd Sornatius, Lucullus'^s Lieutenants in thofe Parts Hereon (w) LucuUus with fome difficulty at lengtl prevailed with his mutinous Army to march out of their Quarters for their relief. But p^^^xohl- they came too late for it. For 'Triarius be- lus n. 3. fore their arrival having rafhly engaged in Battel with Mithridates (x) was vanquifhed with th( (t) Plutarchus in Luciillo. Orofius lib. 6. cap. 3. Dion Caffius lib. 35 raD. ?. fu) Dion CaHiiiQ liK ■»<■ Annian in MifhrtHafiri<; /'■m\ Pin rival he found the dead Bodies lying on the Fi Battel, but (y) ncgleding to bury them this f cxafpcrated his Soldiers jigainft him. After tli (z) Spirit of Mutiny prevailed fo much among that thenceforth retaining no more regard to 1 their General, they treated him only with in( and contempt on all occaiions, altho' he went Tent to Tent, and almoft from Man to Man, treat them to march out againft Mithridates ai granes (who taking the advantage of this Dii the former of them had recovered Pontus^ ai other was then harraffing Cappadocid) yet he not get them to ftir. All that he could obt them was, that they v/ould flay with him all t fuing Summer, but would not move out < Camp for any mihtary Aftion under his com and they had received accounts from Reme ol Votes there palTed to the difadvantage of L\ which encouraged them herein. So that 1 forced to lye itiU in his Camp, and fuffcr t nemy to range over the Country without being do any thing to oppofe them. And thus the cal with him, till Pompey being fent by the Pec Rome to fucceed him in the management of th arrived to take it out of his Hands. This hapned in the beginning of the nex For(^) then Pompey coming into ( tnlJZ- ^^^^^^ ^'^^5 Commiflioa from the R lusll.^. LiiculliAs there delivered over the Ai him, and returned to Rome^ leavi SucccJTor to reap the Laurels of his Viftorie for it, and there they always found a kind and gene- rous Entertainment. Pompey on his firfl entring on this War (c) drew into AHiance and Confederacy with him Phraates who had the year before fucceeded in the Kingdonr of Parthia-y and alfo {d) made an offer of Peace tc Mithridates^ but he reckoning himfelf as fure of th( Friendship and Affiftance of Phraates would na hearken to the Propofal. -But when he heard Pom •pey had been before-hand with him as to Phraates^ h( fent Ambaffadors to Pompey to treat about it. Bu Pompey's PreHminaries being, that he fliould forth with lay down his Arms, and deliver up to him al Deferters, this had like to have raifed a Mutiny ir his Army. For there being in it a great number o Deferters, they could not bear the mention of thci being delivered up to Pompey^ nor the reft of th< Army to be deprived of their Affiftance in the War Whereupon to quiet this matter Mithridates was for ced to pretend to them, that his AmbafPadors wen fent with no other intention, than to fpy out thi Strength and State of the Roman Army, and alfo a the fame time to fwear to them, that he would ne ver make Peace with the Romans^ either on thefe o any other Terms whatfoever. And indeed he wa now better furniftied for the War, than he had beei for many years before. For the mutiny of Liicullus' Soldiers having hindered him from entering on an A6lion of War all the laft year, {e) Mithridates tooi (b) Plutarchas in LucuUo. liidor. Origin, lib. 6. cap. 5. (c) Dion CaOius lib. 26. Epitome Livii lib. 100. {d) Die tneir buppiies ot rroviiions, was ine reaaieit w; vanquifh them, he for fome time followed this thodj wafting the Country before them, and fing to fight. Arid he had in part the Succe propofed. For Pompcy was hereby fo far diftr that he was forced to remove out of Pontus and fadocia into xhtLeJfer Armenia^ for the better fui ing of his Army with Provifions, and other N faries for their Subiiftance, and Mithridates foil after him thither for the carrying on there al the fame Methods of diftrcfling him. But whi was thus endeavouring it in that Country, he (f there furprifed by Pompey in a night March, ar terly vanquifhed with the lofs of the major p£ his Army, and himfclf hardly efcaping was fore flee Northward beyond the Springs of the Eu tes for the feeking of his Safety. Whereon P (g) having ordered the building of a new Ci the place where this Vidlory was gained, whi- Commemoration of it he called hlcopolis^ i. City of Vi^ory^ left there for the inhabiting fuch of his Soldiers as were wounded, fick, agf otherwife dilabled for the Fatigues of War ; then marched with the reft into the Greater Jy againft Tigr^nes^ as being a Confederate of Af/V, ies in this War againft the Roman People. At this time Tigranes was at war with his S the fame name. It hath been before mentioned he married Cleopatra the Daughter of Mithr By her {Jo) he had three Sons, two of which h( (/) Plutarchus in Pompeio. Dion CalTms lib. 56. EpitoiT Id laid liege to Artasata the v^apital ot the Kmg- )m. But finding the place ftrong and well provi- id with all Neceflaries long to hold out, he left his 3n- in-law there with one part of the Army to carry 1 the Siege, and returned into Parthia with the o- ler. Whereon Tigranes the Father falling on his on with all his power got a thorough Vi6tory over im, and drove him out of the Country. In this hftrefs he purpofed to betake himfelf to Mithridates is Grandfather, but meeting in his way to him the lews of his Defeat, and that therefore no help was ) be had from him, (k) he fled to the Roman Camp, id there by way of a Supplicant call: himfelf into the ands of Pompey\ who received him very kindly and ^as glad of his coming. For being then on his larch into Armenia^ he needed one that knew the Country to be his guide in it 3 and therefore making fe of him for this purpofe, marched under his gui- ance dire6t:ly toward Artaxata. At the news where- f (K) 'Tigranes being much terrified, as not being fuf- ciently provided to refill the power that was com- ig againft him, rcfolved to call himfelf upon the renerofity and Clemency of the Roman General, nd to make way for it fent to him the Ambafiadors f Mithridates. For Mithridates on his late Defeat 0 fent Ambafladors to him to defire refuge in his >ountry, and his help for the repairing of his lofs. )Ut I'igranes not only denied him his help, and all dmiliion in his Country, but alio feized his Ambaf- idors and call them into Prifon, and did fet a price 'f an hundred Talents upon the head of Mithridates limfelf, ihould he be any v^aiere found within his ter [ni) followed himfelf without any Precaut ken, and entering the Roman Camp refignei himfelf and Kingdom to the Pleafure and I of Pompey and the Romans-, and in the doing debafed himfelf to fo mean and abje6t an H tion, that aflbon as he appeared in the pref( Pompey^ he plucked his Crown or Royal Tiar off his Head, and caft himfelf proflrate on the before him. Pompey hereon much commiferai Cafe leaped from his Scat, and kindly taking the hand lifted him up, put his Crown agai his head, and placed him on a Seat at his righ and his Son on another at his leftj and havi pointed the next day for the hearing of his invited him and his Son that night to fup wi But the Son refuiing to come out of difple? his Father, iuid neglecting to {hew him any or to take the lealt notice of him at the Int he much offended Pompey by this Condu6l. H on having heard the Caufe he did not wholly his Interefl. For after having decreed, tha Tigranes fhould pay the Rd77'ians C\x thoufand for making war upon them without caufe, ar up to them all his Conqueils on this fide the . ies^ he ordered, that he fliould ilill reign in ternal Kingdom of Armenia the Greater^ and in Gordena and Sophena (two Provinces borde: Armenia) during his Father's Life- time, and him in all the reft of his Dominions after his referving to the Father out of Sophena the 1 which he had there dcpofired, without wl would not have been able to pay the MuU lade an attempt to have tied tor tne railing or new )ifturbances : Whcrcon Pompey put a Guard upon im, and on his refufal to permit his Father to take way his Treafure in Sophena^ caft him into Prifon, nd afterwards on his being dete6ted to have folicited he Nobility of Armenia to renew the War, and al- 5 the Parthians to join in it, Pompey put him among hofe whom he referved for his Triumph, and after hat Triumph left him in Prifon, whereas moil of he other Captives, after they had born their part in hat Show, were releafed, and again fent home into heir own Countries. Tigranes the Father after the leceipt of his Treafure out of Sophena paid the fix houfand Talents, in which Pompey had muldedhim, nd added over and above a Donative to the Roman b*my, giving every common Soldier fifty Drachms, ach Centurion a thoufand, and each Military Tri- bune ten thoufand, whereby he obtained to be leclared a Friend and an Ally of the Roman Peo- »le. Pompey having thus compofed matters in Armenia n) marched Northward after Mithridates. On his :oming to the River Cyrus he was oppofed by the ilbanians and the Iberians >^ two potent Nations I welling between the Cafpian and the Euxine Seas, nd Confederates of Mithridates^ but having over- :ome them in Battel he forced the Albanians to fue or Peace, and having granted it to them wintered a- npng them. Early the next year after (o) he marched againft i<-r>mo T «i7ii \\\\ t f\t Pliif-orrTinc in PnTYinfin Diofl CaHlt ceilion one after the other held the Empire o Pompey^ altho' he found fome Difficulties in thi yet foon maftered them, and forced the Iber Terms of Peace. After his having reduced th pie of Colchis alfo to a Submiflion to him, and Olthaces their King Prifoner (whom he afte caufed to be led before him in his Triump marched back again upon the Albanians^ who he was engaged with the Iberians and Colchk renewed the war 5 but having overthrown tl Battel with a great Slaughter, and flain therei the Brother of {p) Orodes their King, whc manded the Army, he thereby forced Orodes \ chafe the renewal of the laft year's Peace b; Gifts, and alfo to fend his Sons to him as H for the keeping of it. In the Interim {q) Mifhridates having wint Diofcurias (a place (r) upon the Euxin Sea, an< fltuated in the farthell: part of the Iflhmus wh between that Sea and the Cafpian) (/) early tl" Spring did fet out from thence for the Cou the Cimmerian Bofphorus^ (f) making his way through feveral Scythian Nations, that lay be obtaining his PafTiige of fome of them by fair and of others by force. This (s) Kingdom Cimmerian Bofphorus is the fame, which is n< Country of the Crim "Tartars^ and was then vince of the Empire of Mithridates. He had ced one of his Sons called Machares there t( (f) So Floras, Eatropius cmd Orofius call htm, but the rn ly others is OiceCe^ . {q) Appianus in Mithridaticis. (r^ ad ever fince maintained the Terms of it> by which iving much angered his Father he dreaded his ap- roach, and therefore while he was on the way ('ze;) he ■nt Ambafladors to him to make his Peace with him, rging for his Excufe, that what he did was by the ?ce{Iiry of his Affairs driving him to it, and not by Ihoice. But finding that his Father was implacable, s endeavoured to make his efcape by Sea, but being itercepted by fuch Ships as Mithridates had fent out >r this purpofe, he flew himfelf to avoid falling in- ) his Hands. Pompey having finiflied his War in the North, and nding it impra6li cable to purfue Mithridates any fur- ler that way, led back his Army again into the outhern pares, and (at) in his way thither having ibdued Darius King of Media^ and Antiochus King f Com7nagena^ he (j) came into Syria^ and having 0 by Scaur us reduced Coele- Syria and Damafcus^ and 0 by Gahinius all the reft of thofe parts as far as the ?gm, he made himfelf Mafter of all the Syrian Em- ire 5 whereon (h) Antiochus Afiaticus the Son of An" ochus Eufebes the remaining Heir of the Seleucian amily, who by the permiflion of Lucullus had now )r four years reigned in fome part of that Country, ter T'igranes had been forced to withdraw his Forces om it, applyed to him to defire to be re-eftabliihed 1 the Kingdom of his Fore-fathers. But Pompey re- {u) Epitome Livii lib. 98. Plutarchus in Lucullo, Appian. 8c Memnon idem. (w) Appian. & Dion Caffius ibid. Orolius lib. 6. cap. f, ) Appian. in Mithridaticis. (y) Appian. ibid. (2:) Jofephus uiq. lib. 14. cap. 4. De Bello Judaico lib. 1. cap. f. (a) Dion jintiochm was ftrip'd of all, who never did then hurt, or ever deferved any ill from them. The fons given for it were, that the Romans had this Country by Conqueft from Tigranes^ and i fore were not to lofe the Fruits of their Vi(! And that Antiochus was a weak Prince of no rage or Capacity to prote6t that Country, anc therefore the putting of it into his hands wou to betray it to the Ravages and Depredations ( 'Jeisjs and Arabs ^ which Pompey could not confe And therefore {c) Antlochus being thus depri\ his Crown, was reduced to a private conditi life. And here ended the Empire of the Seleuc Afia^ after it had there lafted two hundred fifty Years. While thefe things were a- doing by the R there hapned great Dillurbances and Revoluti Egypt and Jud^a. For in Egypt the Alexa?2drk ing weary of Alexander their King rofe in a IN againft him, and (d) drove him out of the Kin and {e) called Ptolemy Auktes to the Crown, was the Baftard Son of Ptolemy Lathyrus. Fc thyrus had (/) no Male Iffue by his Wife, th vived him 5 but he had feveral by his Conci one of which was {g) that Ptolemy^ who h Kingdom of Cyprus after his Father's deatl: there reigned till injurioufly deprived of it 1 Romayis^ as will be hereafter related. AnotL {c) Some confound this Antlochus to'ith Antiochus Commage hold that Conimagena -poxs given h'lm by Pompey, ivhen Jfripf the refl. But the Tefiimo7iy of H'tftory is contrary to this Conjetha (d) Snpfoniu<; in Inlin Crpfire ran. i r. Trcio-nt; in ProlaJfO ?o. jiuciiu lor V iCLory in iiic j»ul»iilr inowsj nence ne ad the name oi Auletes^ that is the Piper. And {k) e would often imitate the Effeminacies of the Bac^ linals^ and in the fame manner as they dance their leafures in a Female Drefs, and hence it was, that e was called Dionyfius Neos or T'he New Bacchus. He (/) reckoned to have as much exceeded all that signed before him of his race in the Effeminacy of is Manners, as his Grandfather Phyfcon did in the V'ickednefs of them. Alexander on his Expulfion {m) ed to Pompey to pray his Afliftance for his Reftora- on, and offered him great Gifts, and promifed him lore to induce him hereto. But Pompey refufed to icddle with this matter, as being without the Li- [its of his Commiilion. Whereon (n) Alexander re- red to 'Tyre there to wait a more favourable Junfture, id foon after dyed in that City. It is here to be :marked that Ptolemy the Aftronomer m his Chro- Dlogical Canon names not Alexander at all among le Kings of Egypt^ but begins the Reign of Aule- s from the death o£ Lathy rusj altho' it appears (o) 3th from Cicero and Suetonius^ that Alexander reign- i fifteen years between. Perchance as Ptolemy King F Cyprus had that Ifland immediately on his Father's ^ath, fo hkewife Auletes had at the fame time fome :her part of the Egyptian Empire for his fhare of , and for this Reafon Ptolemy the Aftronomer makes im the immediate Succeffor of Lathyrus^ though he id not the whole Kingdom of Egypt till fifteen "ears after. {h) Tragus ibid, (i) Strabo lib. 17. p. 796, {h) Lucian who reigned after him, there (p) wrought \ into the good liking of Hyrcanus the elded ol Sons, hoping to rife by his Favour, when he come to the Crown after his Mother. But Hyrcanus was depofed, and Ariflohulus made K his Place, thefe meafures, which he had taki his Advancement, were all broken j and his E ments in them having rendered him fo obnoxi Ariflohulus^ as to exclude him all profpe£l: of ] from him, he fet himfelf with all the craft, he was iignally endowed with, to repair the Fc of HyrcdiTMS^ and rellore him again to his C in order whereto he treated with Aretas King rah'ia Petr^a^ and engaged him to help Hyrcam an Army for the accomplifhing of this Defigi had by clandeftine Applications drawn in great bers of the Jeivs for the promoting of the fann pofe. But his greateft Difficulty was to excit canus himfelf to the Undertaking. For being indolent Man, who loved Eafe more than an} elfe, he had no Ambition for reigning, and th had no Inclination to ftir a foot for the obtair it. But at length being made believe that h was in Danger, and that he had nothing to ch t\veen reigning and dying, if he ftaid in Judc was roufed up by this Argument to flee for hi ty, and put himfelf into the Hands of Aretas according to his Agreement with Antipater {q) b him back into Jud^a with an Army of fifty tl Men, and having there joined the Jews of Hy Party gave Battel to Ariflohulus^ and gaining a lared for Hyrcanus. This hapnedin the time of their •aflbver, whereon Arlftohulus wanting Lambs and >eafts for the Sacrifices of that holy Solemnity agreed nth the Jews that were among the Befiegers to fur- ifli him with them for a Sum contraded. But /^hen they had the Money let down to them over le Wall, they refufed to deliver the Sacrifices, and lereby impioufly and facrilegioufly robbed God of lat partof his Worfhip, which was then to have been erformed to him. And at the fame time they added lother very heinous Wickcdnefs to this guilt. For lere being then at Jerufakm one Onias a Man of rcat Reputation for the San6lity of his Life, who ad been thought by his Prayers to have obtained Lain from Heaven in a time of droughr, they rough t him forth into the Army 3 and concluding is Curfcs would be as prevalent as his Prayers, pref- :d him to curfe Ariftohulus^ and all that were with im. He long refilled to hearken to them, but at :ngth finding no reft from their Importunities he fted up his Hands toward Heaven as ftanding in the lidft of them, and prayed, " O Lord God, Re6tor of the Univerfc, fince thofe that are with us are thy People, and they that are befieged in the Temple are thy Priefts, I pray that thou would'ft hear the Prayers of neither of them againft the o- ther." Hereon they that brought him thither were > enraged againft the good Man, that they fell up- n him with Stones, and ftoned him to deirh. Bat lis was foon revenged upon them. For (r) Scaurus ^ing by this time come to Damafcus with a Roman rmy, ^Arlftohulus fent thither to him, and by the A u Talents more out oi Anjtobum s Furle was ii to do the fame. And therefore they both fent retas to withdraw, threatning him with the Arms in cafe of refufal. Whereon Aretas raid) Siege, and marching off towards his own Cc Ariftohulus got together all the Forces he coul purfued after him, and having overtaken hii place called Fa^yrion^ overthrew him in batt< a great Slaughter, in which periflied many of tli of Hyrcanuf's Party, and among them Coephal Brother of Antipater. About this time {s) Pompey himfelf came wafcus^ where reforted to him AmbafTadors fr the neighbouring Countries, efpecially from and Judcea. For the Kings of both thefe Cc reigning in them by the Expullion of their ii ate PredecelTors, thought it their Intereft to ! Roman Power on their fide for the maintaii their Ufurpations. For this reafon the Arab; from Egypt prefented Pompey with a Crown o of the value of four thoufand pieces of Gold I and thofe from Judaa (t) with a Vine of Gc the value of four hundred Talents, which wai wards depofited (u) in the Temple of Jupiter Capitol at Rorne^ and there infcribed as the ( Alexander King of the Jews. It feems they not own Arifiobuhis to be King, and therefc put his Father's name upon it inftead of his. Pompey was in thefe Parts, (w) there came to fewer than twelve Kings to make their Court i (s\ TofcDhus Antici: lib. ij-. cap. c. 8c De Bello Tudaico lib. ^ touna It neceiiary to marcn again into tnolc fans ) reduce them, which having on his Arrival in a reat meafure accomplilhed he took up his Winref kiarters (x) at jifpis in Pontus. Among the Places, ^hich he reduced, one {y) called Koavri, i. e. New^ \ftle^ was the ftrongefl. There Mithridates had laid great part of his Treafure, and the beft of his other fFe6ts, as reckoning the Place impregnable, but it 'as not fo againft the Romans. Pompey took the lace, and in it all that was there depofited. Among :her things there found, were the private Memoirs F Mithridates^ which made difcovery of many of his ranfa(^ions, and fecret Defigns. And there alfo 'ere found hi* Medicinal Commentaries, {z) which 'ompey caufcd to be t ran dated into Latin by Lm£- r a learned Grammarian, that was a freed man of is, and they were afterwards publifh'd by hirn in lat Language. For among many other extraordi- iry Endowments, with which this Prince had ac- 5mpli(hed himfelf, he was eminently skill'd in the rt of Phyfic. And particularly it is to be remarked f him, that he was the Author of that excellent A- xipharmical Medicine, which from his Name is 3W called Mithridate^ and hath ever lince been in rcat ufe among Phyficians, and is fo even to this >ay. Pompey having while he. lay at ^fpis fettled the af- lirs of the adjacent Countries, as well as leir Circumitances would then admit, /ndobu-*^' Toon as the Spring began, (a) returned j^s ly^ ^^ ^ain into Syria there to do the fame, or Mithridates being gotten into the Kingdom of ot a total MilcaiTiage. And therefore ail that pey could do in this cafe {b) was to order the ens of the Roman Navy in fuch manner, as to all Supplies of Provifions and other Neceflarie being carried to him i which having taken fu of he thought by this method he fhould foon him, and therefore on his quitting Pontus (c) ] he had left behind him againft Mithridates a Enemy than the Roman Army, that is Famii the want of all NecefTaries. That which mac fo fond of this March into Syria was {d) a va: ambitious Defire, which he had of extendi] Conquefts to the Red-Sea. He had formerly, he commanded firll in Africa^ and afterwards in carried them on to the Weftern Ocean on bot of the Mediterranean^ and had lately in his A War made them reach as far as the Cafpian Se if he could do the fame as to the Red-Se he thought it would compleat his Glory, coming into Syria he made (e) Antioch^ and ( leucia on the Orontes free Cities, and {£) then nued his march to Damafcus^ intending from (h) to make War upon the Arabians for the c; on of his Vi6tories to the Red-Sea. But in h thither he made many flops to examine ii ConduQ: of the Princes of thofe Parts, and t the Complaints that were made againit then: in the Decleniion of the Syrian Empire man Princes had fet up upon its Ruins, and had c ed themfelves in feveral parts and di drifts of i {b) Dion Caflius lib. 27. Plutaixhus in Pompeio. (c\ inaer me conuition or uccuuiiiig i nouuanes to the ^omans^ others he deprived, and fome of them he rondemncd to Death for tHeir Male-adminiftrations. 5ut Ptolemy the Son of Mennaeus Prince of Chalcis^ vho was the worft and wickedefl: of them al^, cfca- •ed by vertue of his Money. For having made him- slf very rich with his oppreffions upon his people, nd his plunders upon his Neighbours, he prefented '^ompey with a thoufand Talents, and thereby rc- eemed both his Life and his Principality, and con- inued in the Enjoyment of both a great number of fears after. On Pompefs coming into Cosle-Syria (k) Antipater rom Hyrcanus^ and one Nicodemus from Ariftohulus^ ddrefled themfelves to him about the Controverfy hat was between thefe two Brothers, each of them raying his Patronage to the party from which they ;-ere delegated. Pompey having heard what was faid y them on both fides, difmifled them with fair ^ords, ordering, that both Brothers fhould appear 1 perfon before him, promifing, that then he would ike full cognizance of the whole caufe, and deter- line it as Juftice ihould direct. At this Audience Jicodemus did much Hurt to the Caufe of his Ma- :er, by complaining of the four hundred Talents ''hich Scaurus^ and the three hundred which Gahi- lus had extorted from him^ For this made them oth to be his Enemies, and they being two of the reateil Men in the Army next Pompey^ he was after- Mrds influenced by them to the damage of the com- lainant. But Pompey being then intent upon ma- ing Preparations for his Arabian War could not im- came thither to him Ambailadors from Mith out oF Bofphorus with propofals of Peace. T\ {^xtA in his Behalf, that in cafe he might be ed to hold his paternal Kingdom as "Tigran been, he would pay Tribute to the Romans ; and quit to them all his other Dominions. T Pompcy anfwered, that he fliould then come i in pcrfon in the fame manner as T'igranes did. Mithridates wowld not fubmit to, but offered i his Sons, and fome of his principal Friends-, b not being accepted of, he fet himfelf to mal^ Preparations for War with as great Vigour as time before. Pompey baring notice hereof fc nccefhu'y to haflen back again into Pontus to his Proceedings. On his Arrival thither (?;^) h his Reiidencc for fome time at Amt[us^ the jVlctropolis of th;U Country, and while he coi in that place praftifed the fame thing, which '. before blamed in Lucullus. For he there in) tlie Dominions of Mithriclates into Province c!iib;ibu:ed Revv^nrds, as if the War had been Whereas MitJ?ri dates was then ftill alive, and " Army about him for the making of a terribh fion mto the very Heart of the Roynan Don In the diftriboring of his Rewards [6) he gj LcOer Jrmenia^ v;ith feveral other Territori Cities adjoyning, to Deiotarus one of the Prii the Qalatians^ to recompence him for his adhe the Roman Jnterefi during all this war, and he him with the Title of King of thefe Co' v/hcreas before he was {jp) only a Tetrarch ^er the Inhabitants of the Place, among whom there 'ere no fewer than fix thoufand Perfons devoted to le Service of the Goddefs. This Archelaus was the on of that Archelaus^ {s) who had the chief Com- land o£ Mithridates''s Forces in Greece during his firit ''ar with the Romans:, but after that falling into )ifgrace with his Mailer fled to the Romans, And e and his Son having from that time adhered to the loman Interefl, and done them thereby much Ser- icc in all their Wars in AJia^ the Father being now ead, the Son for the Reward of both had thisHigh- 'riefthood of Comana conferred on him, which made lim alfo a Prince of that Place, and the Territory ►elonging thereto. He is the fame who afterwards eigned in Egypt ^ as will be hereafter related. While Pompey was thus abfent in Pont us ^ (f) Are^ as King of Arabia Petraa took the Advantage of it o infeft Syria^ making Incurfions and Depredations ipon feveral Parts of it. This {li) called Pompey back igain into that Country. In his way thither march- ng by the place, where the Bodies of the Romam ay dead, that had been ilain in the defeat of Tria- ius^ he bury'd them {x) with great Solemnity, whicr tiuch ingratiated him with the Army, whofe great- ^fl: Difguft againft Liicullus was his having omittec It, when he marched by the fxme Place foon aftei C^j Thii OrAt'xon roas fpoken in behalf of King Deiotarus i>efore Jaliu Csefar, and is jlill extant under the Title Pro Rcge Deiotaro. Galaria n>A formerly governed by four Tetrarchs, of -which Deiotarus was now one. 1 his Tetrarchy Pompey added his Grants without difpoffejfng the other Ti ttdichs. Bat afterwards Deiotarus fwalbwsd the o'ther three Tetrarchic Finding no hopes of making Peace with the 1 upon any tolerable Terms, he (z) refolved to i defperate expedition through the way of Pc and the frentine Alps into Italy itfelf, and th( fault them, as Hannibal did, at their own Doo order hereto he got many forces together out Scythian Nations for the augmenting of his j Army, and fent agents to engage the Gauls t with him on his approach to the Alp. But tl dertaking containing a march of above two th( miles through all thofe Countries which an called "it art aria Crimcea^ Podolia^ Molda"jia^ Wat Tra?ifilvania>y Hungarian Stiria^ Carinthia^ 'tyn hiimhardy-y and over the three great Rivers ^ Borifthenes^ the Danube^ and the Po^ the tli hereof fo frighted his Army, that for the avoid it they confpired againft him, and made Phc his Son their Kingj whereon finding himfelf ( ed of all, and his Son not to be prevailed up ]et him efcape elfewhcre, he retired into his jiient, and having there diibibuted poifon t "Wives, his Concubines, and Daughters, that then with him, he took a dofe of it himfelf, bi not operating upon him he had recourfe to his I to compleai the work, but failing with that t himfelf fuch a wound as was fufficient to can death, he was forced to call a Gallic Soldier him, who had then newly broken into the I to help difpatch him, and fo dyed after he hac fevemy two years, and reigned fixty of them dreaded nothing more than to fall into the hai might deliver him to Pompey^ caufed that at this time he was fo eager to difpatch himfelf. It's commonly raid that the Poifon did not work upon him, be- :aure he had by the frequent taking of his Mithridate ~o fortifyed his body againft all Poifons, that none :ould hurt himj but this cannot be true. Fox Mi- 'hridate hath no fuch effed againft deadly Poifons. Befides Poifons according to their different forts ope- •ating different ways, that is fome by corroding, and brae by inflaming, and others other wife, not any )ne fort of Medicine can be an univerfal antidote a- yainft all of them. As to the Charafter of this Prince, he was a very extraordinary perfon, both for the greatnefs of his pirit and the endowments of his mind. He was na- :urally of a great capacity and underftanding, and lad added thereto all manner of acquired improve- nents. For he was learned in all the Learning of hofe times, and altho' he had twenty two feveral STations under his Dominions, he (a) could fpeak to ;very one of them in their own proper Language. \nd he was of that great Sagacity, and imployed it b effectually in the obfervation aad infpeCtion of his iffairs, that altho' a great number, of Plots and Con- piracies had from time to time been framed againft lim, none of them efcaped his difcovery, excepting hat in which he periftied. He was a Prince (b) of ^reat undertakings, and altho' he failed in moft of hofe, wherein he had to do with the Romans^ yet lis fpirit never funk with his fortune, but it ever {i) Plinius lib. 7. cap. 24,. 8c lib, if. cap. 1. Valerius Maxiinus lib. 8. overthrown, A^it^us like, rifen up again with vigour to maintain his pretenfions. And his laf dertaking for the invading of Italy fufficiently fl: that tho' his fortune often forfook him, yet his heart, his couragious fpirit, and his enterprifing nius never did. And had not the Treafon of his people at la(t cut him off, perchance in the part of his hfe the Romans might have found 1 much more dangerous enemy to them, than a lime before: Cicero (c) (aith of him, That he w; greateil of Kings next Alexander, It's certaii Romans had never to do with a greater cro head in all their wars. But his vices on the hand were as great as his virtues. The chiei them^ and which were nioft predominant in ■were his cruelty, his ambition, and his lufl:. cruelty was ihewn in the murder of his mothe Ills brother, and the great number of his fons a friends and followers, which at feveral times often on very flight occaiions, he had put to His ambition was manifell by his many unjuil lions on other mens rights for the augmentat his Dominions, and the moit wicked meth- treachery, murder, and perfidioufnels, which h( took in order hereto. His lull (d) appeared great number of his wives and concubines, he had to ferve it. Whcre-ever he found an fome young woman, he took' her unto him in OF other of thefe two forts, whereby the nun them became very great. Some of them he ^ with him where-evcr he went, others he di into his flrong Cailles and fortified Towns, tl lame manner in this cale uied his lilters and his daugh ters, that none of them might fall into the enemie hands. Only {f) one of his wives called Hypficrati always accompanied him, where-ever he was force to take his flight. For being of a ftrong body, aa a mafculine fpirit, fhe did cut off her hair, put o man's apparel, and accuftomcd her felf to the ufe c Arms, and the War-horfe, rod always by his fide i all his battels, and accompanied him in all his Expc ditions, and in all his Flights, efpecially the lall c them, when after being vanquifhed by Pompey in th Lejfer Armenia he made his dangerous and difficul retreat through the Scythian Nations into the King dom of the Cimmerian Bofphorus\ in all which jour ney fhe rod by his fide by day, and took care botl of him and his horfe at night, doing to him the of fice of a valet in his lodgings, and that of a groor in his ftablej for which rc^^on Mithridates took grea delight in her, as affording him by this attendanc the greatefl comfort he had in his Calamities; aiK by rcafon of this mafculine fpirit in her Mithridate was ufed to call her Hypficrates in the Mafculin Gender inilead of Hypficratia. But of all his wnve (g) Siratonice by rcafon of her extraordinary beaut^ v/as moil beloved by him, tho' fhe were no othe than a Mufician's Daughter. Mithridates in the de cline of his affliirs had placed her in a ffrong Cafll in Pont us called Symphorium^ where finding her fel like to be deferted fhe delivered the place to Pompe^ upon Terms of fafety for herfelf, and alfo for he I ' I ■■.LJ»J.H .1 I mil I L — I ■ ■ I II !■» II I ™ (c) Plutarchus& Appian.ibid. Dicn Caffius lib. 36. 8c 57. (/) Pli remained in Pofitus, Hereon the cruel man revenged on her carried this Ton of his to il polite fide of the Frith^ over-againft which the Hood, and there flew him within her view, ?x ihe dead body unburied on the (trand. Ma thefe his wives and concubines fell into Pc hands during this war, on his t.^king the Caill FortrefTes where they were kept j and (/?) it inarked of him to his great honour, that he n jiot with any of them, but fent them home a |:ouched to their Parents and Friends, who m them were Kings or Princes, or other great n thofe Eallern Parts. By thefe many wives and cubines he had a great number of fons and d ters; many of his fons he flew in his difpleafun feveral of his daughters he pcifoned, when he not carry them off in his flights. However fo them fell into the hands of the Romans, (i) F the fons and two of the daughters Pompey c with him to Ronie^ and there caufed them to 1 before him in his Triumph. Next Hannibal h the moil terrible enemy the Romans ever had iheir war with him was the longed of any. continuance of it according to (k) Juftin was lix years, according to {I) Appian forty two, ac ing to {jn) L, Florus and (n) Eutropus forty, an cording to {o) Pliny thirty > but according to tl: ^ci: truth of the matter, tho' we reckon the h ning of the war from Mithridates''% feizing Cappc (which gave the firil occafion for it) from that 10 the concluding of it in his death will be no nake war upon the Arabians. On his arrival ^yrca- Lt that City (f) the caufe o^ Hyrcanus and nusH. r. driftobulus was brought to his hearing, and :hey both there appeared in perfon before him ac- cording as he had ordered, and at the fame time ^c- /eral of the Jews came thither againft both. Thefc .aft pleaded, '^ That they might not be governed by '' a Kingj that it had been formerly the ufage o[ '« their Nation ro be governed by the High-Prieft " of the God they worfhipped, who without afTu- ^' ming any other title adminiftred juftice to them " accordmg to the Laws and Conftitutions tranfmit- " ted down to them from their forefathers 5 that it " was true indeed the two contending Brothers were " of the Sacerdc^tal Race; but they had changed " the former manner of the Government, and in- " troduced another Form, that they might thereby " fubjed the people to flavery." Hyrcanus on his part urged, " That being the elder Brother he '' was unjuftly deprived of his birth-right by Arifto- " hulus^ who having left him only a fmall portion oi " Land for his fiibfiftance had ufurped all the ref] " from him > and as a man born for mifchief pra6ti- " fed Piracy at fea, and rapin and depredation at " land upon his Neighbours." And for the atteft- ing of what Hyrcanus had thus aliedged there ap- peared about a thoufand of the principal 7fze;j, whon: Antipater had procured to come thither for that pur- pofe. Hereto Ariftohulus anfwered j " That Hyrca- '^ nus was put by from the Government merely b\ *' reafon of his Incapacity to manage ir, and no '' thorough any ambition of his^ that being an un ** ander his Father had before him." And fo witneffing of this he produced fcveral young G( men of the Country in gaudy and fplendid ap; who did not by their drefs or by their beha bring any credit to the caufe of him they app for. Pompey on this hearing faw flir enough int caufe to make him difapprove of the violence of fiobulus\ but however he would nor immediatel termine the controverfy, left Artflohulus being voked thereby might obftru6t him in his Ay war, which he then had his heart much upon. therefore giving fair words to both brothers h< mifTed them for the prefent, promifing that aft fliould have reduced Aretas and his Arahmm would come in perfon into Jiiddsa^ and there and compofe all matters, that were in differenc tween them. Ariftokdus perceiving which way py^s inclinations llood went from Damafcus in an without taking leave, and returning into Jiuhea armed the Country for his defence, which proc much incenfed Pompey againft him. In the interim he prepared for his war again Arabians. Aretas tho' he had hitherto conre the Roman Arms, (q) yet when he found the near him, and ready to make invaiion upon him their victorious Army, he fent Ambailadors to his fubmiflion. However Pompey marched to the Metropolis of his Kingdom, and having the place and Aretas in it he put him into cui but afterwards again releafed him on his fubm to the Terms required, and then returned to mafcus. C1J> IILLKILCU ill LIIC ClUlilllCC: UT HIC V^OUniry OH aft igh Mountain, where it having been built by Ahx^ nder the Father of Arifiohuhis^ it for that reafon bore is name. Pompey there fent him a raeflage to come own to him, which he was very unwilling to obey, ut at length by the perfwafion of thole about him, ''ho dreaded a Rommi war, he was prevailed with to omply, and accordingly went down into the Roman ^amp3 and after having had fome difcourfe with ^ompy about the controverfy between him and his brother returned again into his Cadle, and this h« id two or three times more, endeavouring by thefe ompliances to gain Pompey on his fide for the deci- ing in his favour the controverfy between him and is Brother. But (till for fear of the worfl: he was : the fame time arming all his Caftlcs, and making il other preparations for his defence^ in cafe the fen- nice fliould go again!]: him 5 which Pompey having xcived an account of, forced him on his lail; com- ig down to him ro deliver up all his Caiiles to bim^ id to fign orders for this purpofe to ajl that com- )anded in them 3, v/hich Ar.iftohul^s being neceffica- ^d in this cafe to, do, he grievouOy refenred the put* ng of this force qpoa him, and therefore a0,boa as e was got again out of Pompi^y's hands, he fled to 'erufakm and there prepared" for w^r. He being re- )lved to retain his Kingdom, WM a6luaLed by, two ontrary pailions about it, that is Hope «nd Fear. Vhen he faw any reafon to hope for Pompey's deter- lination on his fldp, he complimented him, with, ail lanner of Compliances to gain his favour. But whea /•.I r^r«.^i,„c ;k;^ where he next pitched his Camp, was at j and there {s) he had the firft news of the d( Mithridates. It was {t) brought thither to I fpecial Meflengers fent from Pontus with Let him about it. The Meflengers coming wit! fpear^ wreathed about with Laurel, which -v ways a token of fome victory or other import vantage gained to the flate, the Army was grc Icnow what it was, and whereas they beini newly encamped, there was in that place no ' nal as !"yet ere6ted for the General from the fpeak to them, and it would inquire fome ti: gularly to make it up with Turfs laid one u nother, as was their ufage where they encamp the fupply of this defe6t they upon a fudder ed up their Pack-faddles one upon another, and by having made an advanced place, Pompy ; ed up upon it, and from thence communica them, that A//VMV^/) Hence it is called O^ lobal^mum^ /. e. The Gum or Unguent coming by Difiillation from tht Ulfam Tree. Tor Balfamum properly figmfitth the Balfam Tree, and O- lobalfamum the Unguent dijiillmg from it. Tor "ot©- in the Greek \anguage fignifieth any Gum, Juice, or Liquor dijlilling from any Tree, r fromelfewhere. {x) Plinius lib. 12. cap. 25-. { y) Pjinius ^idern. (z.) PHny had this from Theophraftus, hut doth not rightly ender it. For what he renders by the Latin iPor they were there cultivated having been long deftroyed, tjj£rc are now no more of thofe E Trees to be round in Jud^a. But there are ma them ilill in Egypt^ and from thence and j. comes all the Balfam, which is now brought thefe weftern Parts. But all that is brought Egypt is not the produce of that Country, the ter part of it is brought thither from Arabia lexandria^ and from thence to Us 5 but now 1 u Hand the Eaft-India Company import it to us d ly from Arabia by the way -of the Red Sea. \ it came to us only by the way of Egypt^ it wa ported thither from Mecca a City in Arabia^ n( from the Country where the Balfam Tree nati grows y and hence Phyficians in their Prefcrif call it Balfamum e Mecca^ that is, the Balfam of ca. But in our Apothecaries Shops it is here < the Bahn of Gilead^ which name is given it upor pofition, that the Balm, which is faid in Scri to come from Gilead^ was the fame with that, v now comes from Mecca, But the Hebrew Wo: the Original Text, which we tranflate Balm, is riy which the Rabbins interpret to mean any of the rofinous fort. In (a) Jeremiah it is menti he Balfam Tree to have been in Gikad long before c was planted in the Gardens of Jericho y and alfo lefore the Queen of Sheha brought that Root of it o King Solomon^ which Jofephus mentions. For the '(hmaelites traded with it from Gilead to Egypt ^ when hfeppj was fold to them by his Brethren, and Jacob mz a Prefent of it to the fame Jofeph as a Produftof he Land of Canaan, when he fent his other Sons to lim into Egypt to buy Corn. It feems mod likely o me that the Zori of Gilead, which we render in lur Englijh Bible by the word Balm, was not the ame with the BaKbm of Mecca, but only a better Drt of "Turpentine then in ufe for the cure of wounds, nd other Difeafes. From Jericho {c) Pompey led his Army to Jerufa- ?m. On his approach thither j^rijlobulurrepem'mg if what he had done went out to Pompey, and en- eavoured to reconcile matters with him by promi- ing a thorough Submiffion and alfo a Sum of Mo- ey, fo the War might be prevented. Pompey ac- epting the Propofal fent Gabinius one of his Lieu-- jnants with a body of Men to receive the Money. Jut when he came to Jerufalem, he found the Gates iut againft him, and no Money to be had j but was old from the Walls, that thofe within would not :and to the Agreements whereon Pompey not bear- ig to be thus mocked clap'd Ariflobulus (^whom he stained with him) in Chains, and marched with the ^hole Army directly for 7fr/(/^/^«^. It was by rca- Dn of its Situation, as well as its Fortifications, a ery ftrong place, and might have held out long a- ■ainft him, but that they were divided within among ceiving Poynpey into the Cityj and they beii greater number, the other Party retired ini Mountain of the Temple, and having broken the Bridges over the deep Ditches and ValHes furrounded it, refolved there to maintain then: Whereon Pompey being received into the City other Party, fet himfelF to befiege the place, of the Sacerdotal Order ftuck by the Caufe o ftohilus^ and were fliut up with thofe that feif Temple for the fupport of it. But the Gen of the People were on the other fide. And H at the Head of them fupplied Pompey with a! cefTaries within his power for the carrying the Siege. The Northfide of the Temple bei ferved to be the weakeil part of it, Pompey th( gun his Approaches. Ac firft he offered the ged Terms of Peace 5 but thefe being rej.e(9:c forthwith begun with the utmofl Vigour to the place. And for this purpofe having gottei *^yre battering Rams, and all other Engines oi proper for a Siege, he applied them with th skill, and utmofl diligence, he was able, for th( dy forcing of the place. However it held oui Months, and would have done fo much longe perchance would at lafl have necefHtated the 1 to have raifed the Siege, had it not been for 1 perflitious Rigour with which the Jews ob their Sabbath. Formerly it had been carried fo {d) that they would not defend their Lives 01 day, but if then affaulted would rather pacientl their Throats to be cut, than flir an Hand ii own defence. But the Mifchief and Folly c ate Allauic, but not againft any antecedent Prepara tive leading thereto, it reached not in their opinior to the allowing of any Work to be done on that da] for the preventing or deftroying theworft Defigns o inifchief, till they came to be adually executed a- ganift them, (f) Although therefore they vigorouf ly defended themfelves on the Sabbath-day, wher aiTaulted, yet they would not thenllir an Hand eithe ix)r the hindring of the Enemy's Works, or the de- stroying .of then* Engins,or obftruaing rheir eredinc of them, as they did on other days. "Which Pompe' perceiving, ordered, that no AfTault ihould be mad^ upon them during their Sabbaths, but tKat thofe dav« fhould be employed wholly in carrying on theii Works, and in ereding and fitting their Engines ir fuch manner, as they might bed do execution in the next days of the week following j in all which At- tempts the befieged never giving them any Obftru- aion on thofe Sabbaths for fear of breaking theii Law, the Ramans obferving the order mentioned :oak the advantage hereof, and by this means filled jp the Ditches, with which the Temple was forti- Bed, brought forward their Engins oF Battery, and Maced them to the beft advantage without any op- Dofition, and were thereby enabled to play them {^^ ^fteaually, th^t having at length beaten down a ^reat rtrong Tower, which drew a great part of the ad- oyning Wall with it into the fame Ruin, a Breach .vas made large enough for an AfTault, which C^^r;;^- tus Fauftus the Son of Sylla, who had his Station lext it, immediately mounting dre\v the reft of the contrary Fa6tion did againft their own Brc Amongft all this Scene of dreadful Dellrudic remarked, (g) that the Priefls that were then i Temple went on with the daily Service of it, out being deterred either by the rage of their mies or the death of their Friends, chufing rati lofc their Lives amid ft the Swords of the prev Adverfary, than defert the Service of their ftnd many of them, while they were thus im| at this time, had their own Blood mingled wit Blood of the Sacrifices, which they were oflf and fell therafelves by the Sword of their Ener Sacrifice to 'their Duty > which was an inltai ileady Conftancy much admired by Pompey hi and is fcarce any where clfe to be thoroughly leird. Among the Prifonerswas owtAbfolom a y er Son of John Hyrcanus^ who having been c( ted to live in a private condition under jilet Jannaus his Brother had the benefit of his Protc and hitherto had never meddled with any pi Bufinefs. But having married his Daughter t( fiohulus^ this now engaged him in his Faction. ' Prifoners who were tound to have been the In aries of the War, Pompey caufed to be put to > and among them moft likely this Ahfolom wa For after this we hear no more of him, and fii was the Father-in-law of Ariftohulus^ no don was one of the chief among thofe that adhei his Fadtion. And thus after a Siege of three Months wj Temple of Jerufale-m taken by the Romans^ in tl of the firft year of the lypth Olympiad^ Cam t^ompey wirh leveral others or the chier L^ommandcrs of the Army accompanying him went up into it, and not contenting themfelves with viewing the outer Courts (/) cairfed the rnoft facred parts of the Tem- ple it felf to be opened unto them, and entered not only into the Holy Place, but alfo into the Holy oj Holies, where none were permitted by their Law tc enter, but the High-Prieil only once in a year, or their great day of Expiation 5 which was a Profana- tion offered this Holy Place, and the Religion, whereby God was there worshipped, which the Jew. were exceedingly grieved at, and moft grievoufly re fented beyond all elfe, that they fuffered in this War Though Pompey found in the Treafuries of the Tern pie (k) two thoufand Talents in money bcfides it Utenfils, and other things of a great value there laic up, (k) yet he touched nothing of all this, but Icf it all there entire for the facred Ufes to which it wa devoted, without the lead diminution of any part And the next day after ordered the Temple to bi cleanfed, and the Divine Service to be there agaii carried on in the fame manner as formerly. Howe ver this did not expiate for his Prophanation of God' Holy Temple, and the Impiety which he made him felf guilty of thereby. Hitherto he had found won {h) That the Temple -mas mv? taken on the Day of a folsmn Faji faid, not only by Jofepbus in the Places hji above cite J, but alfo by Str; bo lib. 16. p. 763. TheFaJiyor the taking of Jerufalcm by Nebuchac ncizar teas on the ninth Bay of their Month Tamuz {^ Kings xxv. 3 1 yohich ufually falls about the time of our Midfummer fooner or later, a cording as their Intercalations happen. But in their prefent Kdender it tranjkted to the iSth of that Month. (i) Jofephus Antiq. lib. i Walls ot jerufalem^ ana tnen reitorea nyrcam the Office of High-Priefl, and made him alfo P of the Country under the payment of Tribute t( Romans^ but would not allow him to wear a dem, or to extend his Borders beyond the old L of Judaa. For he deprived him of all thofe C which had been taken from the Ccele-Syrians Phoenicians by his Predeceflbrs. Gadara (which one of them) having been lately deftroyed by Jews^ he ordered to be rebuilt at the requeft of tnetrius his Freed-man and chief Favourite, who a Native of that place. And then having addec and all the reft of thofe Cities to the Province o ria (11) he made Scaurus Prefident of it, and lej him there with two Legions to keep the Count order, returned towards Rome^ carrying with Ariflohulus with Alexander and Antigonus his two and two of his Daughters as Captives to be lee fore him in his Triumph. But Alexander whil the journey thither made his efcape, and retui ne to judaa^ where he rarfed new Troubles, as wi in its due place related. In (m) this fame year, of Attia the Wife of vius^ and Daughter of Julia the Sifter of Julius far^ was born OHavius Cafar^ who being adopt( his Uncle Julius fucceeded him in his Eftatc Power J and being afterwards by the name of u jlus made fupreme Commander of the Roman En governed it with great Felicity, and thorough P when Chrift the Prince of Peace and Saviour o World was by taking our Nature upon himbon ana tnen made puDliCK, tnat iNature was at that time producing a King, who fhould govern the Roman Empire j at which the Senate being terrifyed, foi the preventing of it made a Decree, that no Male Child born that year fhould be brought upj but that fuch of the Senators, as had then pregnant Wives, hoping each of them, that that Oracle might be fulfilled in his Family, took care that this Decree was never carried into the Treafury, and therefore through want of being there regiftred, received, and laid up among the publick Records of the Srate, it loft its Force, and had none efFc6b. If this Oracle were typically fulfilled in the Birth of Auguftus^ it was ultimately and really fo only in the Birth oi Chrift, the Spiritual King and Saviour of the whole World, the time whereof was then approaching. Pompey coming to Amifus in Pont us on his return from Syria (o) had the body of Mithridates there fent CO him from Pharnaces with many Gifts to procure his Favour. The Gifts Pompey received 5 But as to the Body, (p) looking on the Enmity to be dead with the Perfon, he offered no Indignity to it, but giving him the Honour due to fo great a King gene- roufly ordered his Corps to be carry 'd to Sinope^ to be there buried among the Sepulchres of his Fore- fathers in the ancient Burial-place of the Kings oi Pontus^ adding fuch Expences for the Funeral, as were necelTary for the folemnizing of it in a Royal manner. On this his laft coming into Ponttis {q) he took in all the remaining Fortrelles and Caftles, that had been there held for Mithridates. For although of Undcr-Officers. In fome of thefe Caftl( found vaft Riches, efpecially at felaura^ when the chief Wardrobe or Store-houfe of Mithn For therein were two thoufand Cups made o Onyx Stone, and fet in Gold, with fuch a vaft tity of all forts of Plate, Houfliold-Goods and I ture, and alfo of all manner of rich Accoutre for War both for Man and Horfc, that the Q or Treafurer of the Army was thirty days in t an Inventory of them. After this (r) Pompey having granted to Phsi the Kingdom oi Bofpborus^ and declared him a I and Ally of the Roman People, he marched int Province of Jfta fo properly called, and ther himfelf into Winter- Quarters in the City of fus. While he lay there he diftributed Rewa^ his victorious Army, giving to each private S fifteen hundred Drachms, and proportionably to all the Officers, according as they were in I or lower Pofts of Command in the Army j on ' occafion he expended out of the Spoils tak^ this War lixteen thoufand Talents > and yi ferv'd {s) twenty thoufand Talents more to b ried into the publick Treafury at Rom^ in th< of his Triumph, and to make this as glori he could, was what he had now a main View On Pompefs having left Syria (i) Jretas K Arabia Petr^ahegzn again to be tr Anno 6i. ^^^^ ^^ ^-^^^ Province, whereby S Hyrcanusll.i. , . i j • fxr ^ was there mvolved m a new Wai him, and having marched too far after him int Defart Country he fell into Difficulties for wi n ocaujub lui luicc iiuiiuicu i iiiciRs ur Oliver, wnicn vas much to the Satisfa<5bion of both. After this ^zaurus being recalled (u) Marcius Philippus was made ?refident of Syria in his room. Pompey having fpcnt his Winter at Ephefus in the nanner as mentioned, {w) in the Spring he pafTed rom thence through the Ifles into Greece^ and from hence to Brunduftum in ItcUy^ and fo on to Romey x^here having in an Oration to the Senate acquainted hem that he had waged War (at) with two and wenty Kings, and that whereas he had found the ^roper j^fta the utmoft Province of the Roman Em- )ire, he had made it to [y) be the middle of it by cafon of the many Provinces which he had conquered )eyond it, a Triumph was decreed him for thefe /idories^ but defiring to take it (2;) on his Birth* lay, which was paft for this Year , he defen-ed it, ill that Day fhould come abgut again the next year ifter. When being forty five years old (d) he folemnized his Triumph for two Days together vith great Pomp and Glory, wherein f^^ „'; Ntxt led before him ^14 of the no- * )left Captives, among which were Ariftobulm King )f Jud^ea^ and his Son Antigonus^ Olthaces King of • * -" -" - ■■>i_» (») Appian. in Syriacis. {w) Pkitarchus in Pompeio. Appian. in 4ithridaticis. Dion Caflius lib. g;. {x) Orolius lib. 6. cap. 6. y) Plinius lib. 7. cap. 26. L. Florus lib. 5. cap. j*. This was not then ruBy or at any time after. For Troper Afia tpus never made the middle f the Roman Empire. Beyond the Tigris it vpas never extended Eajlward, m at this time it reached Wefl-ward as far as the Atlantic Ocean, and rom thence to Proper Afia was more than double the difiance of Tigris from /^\ \ m «..;j:« r^oUr,j r^x).«u di;^ i.k - ^^^ -«< jb- cicaiB, neitncr uiu uc iulci lua Aiiuujpu wi Ie%ve any of them in Prifon, excepting only A lus and Jigranes^ all the reft he fent home int rerpe6tive Countries at the expences of the p Hitherto Pompey had (hined in great Honour all elfe of his time, and had wonderful fuccei^ iis undertakings, for which he defervedly h jiame of Magnus^ i. e. The Great. But (4) afi he Junk in shis Charaifter, and his Power, length he fell to nothing, and dyed by vile an derous Hands in a ftrange Land, where he the Honour of a Funeral. By what fad h this Curfe upon him, I have already ihewn therefore in this Triumph the glory of this M^n ending I fhall with it here end this Book » ■ ill ■III » ■ ■ I {b) Appian. in Mithridaticis. (c) Videas Jofephum De ^aicp lib. 7. cap. 14. (d) Videas de hac re verba Plutarchi ir THE 3ld tf^7^ New Testament Connefted in the HISTORY O F T H E ^ews and Neighbouring Nations, FROM THE Declenfion of the Kingdoms of Ifratl and Judah to the time of C h r i s t. PART 11. BOOK VII. ^^OMPET, Craps, and Julius C^far ^^^^ C^J having enter'd into a p Confederacy for the fup- ^^,,^^^^, H, ^. (^^ having enter'd into ^ . ^ ^ t^ ^^>- Confederacy for the fup- Hyrrnus^i: Jp(Li_J\^g porting ot each other in Sfl^^ all then- pretenfions upon the Roman I^SM>@^ State, thereby ingrofTed in a manner the whole power of ir, and divided it nong themfelvesj which laid the firft Foundation had before rifen. As long as Crajfus lived he b ced the matter between the other two 5 But his death neither of them being contented v part, each contended to have the whole, {b of them could not bear an Equal, nor the other perior. And through this ambitious humour, thirft after more power in thefe two Men, the Roman Empire being divided into two oppofite ons, there was produced hereby the mod deftr war that ever afflifted it. And the like folly too reigns in all other places. Could about thirty be perfuaded to live at home in Peace, withoi terprizing upon the Rights of each other f( vain glory of Conqueft, and the enlargement of er, the whole World might be at quiet > but ambition, their follies, and their humour 1 them conftantly to encroach upon, and quarrel each other, they involve all that are under th the mifchiefs hereof, and many thoufands arc which yearly perifh by it. So that it may raife a doubt, whether the benefit, which the receives from Government, be fufficient to m mends for the Calamities, which it fufFers fro Follies, Miftakes, and Male-adminiftrations oi that manage it. At this time flourifhed Diodorus Siculus^ 1 mous Greek Hiftorian. (c) He was born at A in Sicily^ from whence he had the name of i i. e. the Sicilian, He was the Author of the j Hiftory called his Bihliotheca. He was thirty in the Collefting and Writing of it, and implc ar ot trie nunarea ana eignciccn uiympiaa, whicti IS the doth before Chrift^ the very year of which. ^ now treat j Ptolemy furnamed Dianyjius Neosy or ? r/ew Bacchus^ then reigning there. This Bihlio- %a contained forty Books, of which only fifteen : now remaining, excepting fome few Fragments d Abftrafts out of the reft which are prcferved la z works of other Writers. It begins from the an- :nteft of times, and was continued down to this ir. The five firft Books are ftill entire, but the e next are all wanting^ the other ten ftill remain- 5 are the tenth, the eleventh, and fo on to the entieth inclufivc, with which all that is now ex- it of this Author ends, in the year of the building Rome 4f 2, M, Livius Denter and M. jEmilius Fau^ being then Confuls. Of the other twenty five oks we have nothing now left us, but the frag- ;nts and abftra6ts, which I have mentioned. Had ^y been all ftill entire, fo valuable an Hiftory would 7e been very acceptable to the Learned. The five fl: Books, though they have a great intermixture Fable, yet contain many valuable particulars oF le Antiquity, which give much light to the Holy ripturesj and the next five would have yielded [ch more, had they been ftill extant j and for this fon the lofs of thefe £i\Q. is more to be lamented^ in that of all the other twenty. This Author li- 1 to a very great age, for he continued down to ) middle of the Reign o^ Auguftus. rhe time for which Marcius Philippus was appoint-- to govern Syria being expired, (e) Lentulus Mar- 'inus was fent from Rome to ^nccctdi him. Both forced Bihulus his Collegue to Hyrcanus^n ^^'^'^ ^^^ ^^^ Admiiiiftration and of the Government, which he ged with great application and addrefs for vancement of his own Intereft. In order he he raifed vaft: Sums of money by admitting \ States into Alliance with the Romans^ and b] ing to Foreign Kings the Confirmation < Crowns. And thus he extorted from Ptolemy only near fix thoufand Talents. That King only a conceded Title to the Crown of E^ which he now was in pofleffion, he needed a ration of the Roman Senate in his favour, for t firming and ftrengthening of him in that Kii for the procuring of this he paid unto Cafar t mentioned J and by thefe and fuch like meth amaffed that treafure and wealth, which enabl for his after Undertakings, and therefore fror we may date the Original of all his Power. I Step hereto was, he procured by a Decree People, (h) that when the year of his Coi fhould be expired, he iliould have Illyricum ai the GauJs^ that is the Cifalpin and the Tranfa\ his Province to govern it as Proconful for ^^^ He had afligned him an Army of four Leg carry with him into this Government, and fr cntring on it begins the Hiftory of hisCommc A, Gabinius^ the fame who hath been abov tioned as one of Pompey^s Lieu H^cTnus ir. 6. j."/^5 Mithridatics^'^r, being mac iul for the enluing year, (/; o -..^^,.„^ Axcvxii^ ixiaiiy u Kjiis^ ui 1115 oncers Hc accoiTi- •anyed him in his Mithridatic war, but having loft is favour by his mifdemeanours, efpecially in being ifcovered to have corrupted his own Siller the Wife f that General, he could not obtain under him fuch poft as he expededj at which being difpleafcd, to ^ork his revenge he fet himfelf to corrupt the Army, tid was the main Author of that mutiny in itagainfi: Mcullus^ which made his laft Campaign in that war wholly ineffe6tual 5 for which being forced to gee Lit of the reach of Lucullus^ he fled into CiUcia^ ^here Marcius Rex then Governour of that Province lade him his Admiral, but being vanquiihed by the irates of that Coaft, againft whom he was fent, id taken Prifoner by them, he fent to Ptolemy King ^Cyprus to fupply him with a fum of Money for le paying of his Ranfomj but Ptolemy being a nig- ardly fordid Prince fent him only two Talents, hich the Pirates defpifing rather chofe to releafe lodius for nothing, than take fo mean a Ranfom for im. On his return to Rome^ he there followed his wd way of living, and having corrupted two others : his Sifters, and alfo Pompeia Cafaf^ Wife, and en- ;avoured under the difguifc of Woman's apparel to >meto her into Cafar'^ Houfe, while the chief Jomtn o^ Rome were there celebrating facred My- eries, at which no man was to be prefent, he was .r thefe crimes brought to a publick Tryal, in which icero was one of the WitnefTes againft him, but by •ibing the Judges with great Sums of Money he cf- ped the Puniihment he deferved. After this pro- iring himfelf to be adopted by a Plebean^ he there- Province of Syria wa? affigned him by the Suf of the People, and accordingly at the end c year he departed thither. After this Clodius refolving to make ufe of hi fice for the revenging of himfelf firft on P King of Cyprus^ for not finding him money ei to pay his Ranfom, and alfo on Cicero for givin dence againft him in his laft Tryal, fully ef both. For firll (/) he caufed a Decree to pa People for feifing the Kingdom of Cyprus^ tl: pofing of Ptolemy the King of it, and confifcati his Goods, without any jufl; caufe for the fame. (m) Ptolemy was a Baftard Son of Ptolemy Lat and Brother of Ptolemy Auletes^ King of Egypt ^ on the death of his Father fucceeded him in Ifland. He was in his manners altogether as vil vicious as his Brother, but being withal exec niggardly and fordid he had amafled vaft wealtl" to gain all this was the chief motive which in the RomanVtQ'^Xtx.o concur with Clodius for his And it is truly in) reckoned one of the unjuftef that the Romans to this time ever did. For P had been admitted as a Friend and Ally of the i people, and had never offended them or done any hurt or difpleafure, whereby to deferve th fage from their Hands 5 but all was done meerl of a greedy and rapacious defire to take what h( The only fhow of Juftice for it was, that Alex late King oi Egypt dying ^iTCyre^ as hath been a {I) Plutarchus in Catonc Uticcnfi, Dion CalTius iib. 58. L, UK 'i ran r, Rfrahn UK ^a r» ^Sj.. (inS Tropus Pro >t this Donation. The (o) matter of this Will had )cen infilled on at Rome foon after the death of ./f- exander^ and motions had been there made for the biting both of Egypt and Cyprus by vertue of it. But hey having lately taken poffeffion of Bithynia by ver- ue of the Will o£ Nkomedes', and oi Cyrene and Li- ya by the like Will of Appion^ who were the lad Cings of thofe Countries, and reduced them both nto the form oi Roman Provinces, the Senate thought t would not be to their credit, but would on the :ontrary bring them under the imputation of being )ver-greedy for the grafping into their Hands all fo- eign Dominions, fhould they on this pretence feife ^gyp and Cyprus alfoj and befides the Mithridatk ivar not being at that time over, they feared this night involve them in a new war before they were rid of the other, and therefore they did no more at :hat time on the claim of the faid Will, than fend :o fyre to fetch from thence all the Effeds, which dkxander there left at his death, and drop'd all the •eft. But {p) now this pretence as to Cyprus was a- ^ain revived, and to gratify Clodius's revenge and the :ovetoufnefs of the people of Rome the Decree palTed imong them for the feifing of it, and all that Ptolemy :here had> and Cato^ the juftelt man in Rome^ was !ent much againft his will to execute it> which was ione not only, that by that Charader of fo juft s man fome reputation might be given to this unjufl i6t, but efpecially that thereby a way might be made For Clodius with- the more eafe to execute his revenge upon Cicero. He defigned to bring an accufation a- gainft him before the people, for that he had while j.ic»tii y^ci'PU^ iUi LUC piCVClJLlil^ Ul II5 t-UllUl IV CU him out of the way on this expedition 5 And ing accordingly gone on it from Rome, Cloc rained his defign upon Cker&j and caufed hir baniihed Rome and Italy^ whereon he went into and there continued, till after fixteen months again recalled. Cato coming to Rhodes in his way X.o Cyprus to Ptolemy to perfuade him quietly to reced mifing him hereon the High-Priefthood of f Paphos^ on the revenues whereof he might ported in a State of Plenty and Honour; would not accept hereof. To refift the power he was not able, and to be lefs thanaKi he had fo long reigned he could not bear, therefore refolving to make his Life and hi; end together he put all his Riches on ihipboj launching out into the Sea, purpofed by boa Ship thorough to make both his Riches and fink into the deep, and there perifh togethe when it came to the Execution he could n that his beloved Treafure fhould be thus 1( continued ftill in the Refolution to deflroy but he could not bring his Heart to deftn and therefore expreffing greater Love to I pelf, than to himfelf, carryed it all back to h having laid it all up again in its former repofitc he poifoned himfelf, and left all that he hac Enemies, as if he intended thereby to rewai for his death. All this Cato the next year ai {q) Plutarchus in Catone. (r) Valerius Maximus lib t rjgypt^ ana Krotner to ttie otner rtolemy^ that was Ling of Cyprus. When the Alexandrians heard of he intentions of the Romans to feife Cyprus^ {t) they xt(^cdAuktes to demand that IHand to bereftoredto Igypt^ as being an ancient appendant of that Kingdom, r elfe in cafe of denial to declare war againft them 5 /hich Auletes refufing to do, this refufal joined with /hat they had fufFered from him, by the Exa6bions /herewith he had opprefled them to raife the mo- ey, with which he purchafed the favour of the reat men at Rome^ angred them fo far, (11) that they rove him out of the Kingdom \ and he was then ;oing to Rovte there to foUicit the afliftance of the lenate for his Refloration. On {w) his coming to ^ato and entering into difcourfe with him about his fFair, Cato blamed him for quitting that State of lonour and Happinefs, which he was poiTefled of in lis Kingdom, and thus expofing himfelf to the dif- ;race, trouble, and contempt, which as an Exul he luft expect to meet with. And as to the help he xpe6tcd from Rome^ he laid before him v/hat great ;ifts and prefents for the obtaining of it would be xtorted from him by the great Men of that City, idiofe greedy expeftations he freely told him were jch, that altho' Egypt were to be fold, the purchafc noney would not be fufficient fully to fatisfy them. ^nd therefore he advifed him to return again into E^ ypt^znd, there make up all differences with his people, ►ffering himfelf to go with him to help him herein. '^tolemy at firfl: approved of this advice, and refolved o be guided by itj but being beaten off it by the .\ m.,4. — u.,» :« r'<.«.««a f*\ r^;^., r^-^d',,n iru to procure them to favour his caufe, and ati when there was no more left to be extorte him, (x) an Oracle was trump'd up out of th( line Books, whereby it was pretended, the . were forbidden to give him any help in this c; that after having for a year's time follicited th ter at Rojne^ and expended vaft fums in it, '. forced to depart from thence without fuccefs. In the mean while (y ) the Alexandrians aft letes's departure from them, not knowing wl become of him, placed Berenice liis daughter Throne, and fent an EmbafTy into Syria to ( tiochus Afiaticus^ who by his Mother Selene v next Male-Heir of the Family, to invite him t< into Egypt^ and there marry Berenice^ and reig her J but the AmbafTadors on their arrival i finding him juft dead returned without fuccefs But underftanding that Seleucus his Broth Hill living, they {a) fent an Embafly '^^'^ ^7- ^^\x\-x the fame propofal , which he nusli.y. accepted of J but Gabinius^ (who vn come into his Province) at firfl hinc going, but however either with his confent o out it he afterwards went> but [h) he being fordid and bafe-fpirited man, and {c) having g efpecial inftance of it in fobbing the Scpul Alexander of the Golden Cafe, which his bo depofited in, Berenice foon grew weary of hi (x) Dion Cafiius lib. 59. The roords of this pretended Oracle If the Kmg of Egypt comei to defire your help deny him not yi Jhipy but aid him net vuith your forces \ if you do othermfe, you TYMihh nnd nantrfir f ly \ Htrin Pr^flinc liK fn. Sl-ralin lih i >on of GrypHS^ whom the fecond EmbafTy invited in- :o Egypt 'y but it being now above twenty fix years fince there hath been any mention made of him in Hilbory, it's moft likely that he had been long dead Dcfore this time> and befides had he been now alive be would have been too far advanced in years for the marriage pVoppfed, it being now forty years fince he fucceeded his Father in the Kingdom of Syrda, The Perfon therefore whom the fecond Embaflyherc mentioned called out of Syria into Egyyt after the death o^ Jftaticus muft have been his younger Bro- ther, for he was called thither as next Heir, and that the Brother o^ Afiaticus then only was. There is ofter {f) mention made of this younger Brother of ^^/;" cm by fuch as write of thofe times, but none of them, who (peak of him as fuch, acquaint us of his name. Bu^ what Strdho tells us of Sekucus Cyhiefa^les puts it be- yond doubt, that he was the Perfon. For he tells u; of him, (g ) that he was called into Egypt to marr] Berenice^ and that he was of the Seleucian Family both which put together plainly prove this Seleucu could be none other, than the younger Brother o Jfiatkus. For after Jfeaticus's death there was now other remaining of the Seleucian Family, but thi younger Brother of his only. And therefore whenh was put to death, as is above-mentioned, in him end ed the whole race of Sekucus^ and none of it wer any more left to furvive the lofs of that Empire which they once poflefled. Jlexanderihe eldell Son of Jriftohulus^ while h was carrying prifoner to Rome by Pompey^ havin made his efcape, as hath been already mentioned, re gea tne wnoie v^ounciy. nyrcanus oeing too to take the Field againft him, he would have fyed Jerufalem for his defence, by rebuildin Walls which Pompey had demoliihed^ but th Tnans not permitting this, he was forced to call in to his aid 5 whereon Gabinius Prefident of and M, Antonius who was general of the Horfe him, c^me into Judaa with a great Army for the ling of thefe troubles, and being there joined by jpater^ Pitholaus^ and Malichus with thofe Jews their Command, that were of Hyrcams's Party, came to a battel with Alexander near Jerufalem^ \ in Alexander being overthrown with the lofs of thoufand Men flain, and as many taken Prifonei to Alexandrium^ where Gabinius having purfued there fhut him up and befieged him. But the being naturally ftrong, as fituatcd upon the top high Mountain, and alfo well fortified by 1 could not eafily be taken j Gabinius therefore \ one part of his Army to block it up marched the other part round the Country to take a V; the Condition it was in, and finding Samaria^ j. Gaza^ Raphia^ Anthedon^ Jamnia^ ScythopoliSj . Tiia^ Dora^ Marijfa^ and feveral other Cities 1) ruins, as having been demolifhed in their War the Afmon^ans^ he ordered them all again to paired, and then returned to the Siege of Ale^ um^ where repaired to him the Mother of y der a very wife and difcrect Woman, who beit licitous for her Husband and Children that ha( carryed Captive to Rome^ in order to obtain for them endeavoured to recommend herfelf t Rnmam all llie could- that fo fhe miffht be th of Peace being commenced, j^kxander furrendred kxandrium^ and all his other Caftles, which being imediately rafed to the ground by the Advice of is Lady, that they might not become the occafion * another War, he was thereon difmift with pardon id impunity for all that was paft. After this Gabinius going up to Jerufalem (i) refto- d Hyrcanus to the High-Priefthood, but made a :ry confiderable alteration in the Civil Government, langing in a manner the whole form of it, and re- icing it from a Monarchy to an Ariftocracy. Hi- erto (k) the Government had been managed under e Prince by two forts of Councils or Courts of Ju- ce, one confiding of twenty three perfons called the efler Sanhedrim, and the other of feventy two perfons lied the Great Sanhedrim. Of the firft fort there was le in every City, only in Jerufalem becaufe of the eatnefs of the Place and the multiplicity of Bufi- :fs thence arifing there were two of them fitting •art from each other in two diftindt Rooms. Of e other fort there was one only always fitting in e Temple o^ Jerufalem 'till that time. The LefTer inhedrims difpatched all affairs of Juftice arifing ithin the refpedive Cities where they fat, and the •ecin6l:s belonging to them. The Great Sanhedrim efided over the affairs of the whole Nation, re- ived Appeals from the LefTer Sanhedrims, interpre- d the Laws, and by new Inflitutions from time to ne regulated the Executing of them. (/) All this 0) Jofephus ibid. {k) Vide Talmudis Tra£tatum Sanhedrim, Maimonideni in Sanhedrin aliofque de hac re Scriptores Rabbinicos. at SepheriS'y and having under theie five Citi dcd: the whole land into five Provinces, he all to repair for Juftice to thofe Courts, wl had eftabliihed in them^ that is each to thi of that Province of which he Was an Inhabits tliere every thing Was ultimately determin'd tyranny of uikxander Jannaus had rnade tJ weary of Regal Government j and therefore t formerly {m) petitioned Pompey for the aboli: it at the time when h^ hearid tho. Caufe of t brothers at Damafcus^ and in compliance with wel4t fo far, a^Y^) to take away the Diadem, ftame of King^ tho' he did not the Power. F( h€ xt^or cdiHyrcanushtg^xc him the fovereigr tity, though under another ftyle. But now d failed wiihGahinius to take away the Power a the Name, which he effedually did by the a I have mentioned. For hereby he changed narchy in an Ariftocracy, and inftead of th< thenceforth the Nobles of the Land had in t Courts the fole Government of it. But af {o) JuVms C^far on his paffing thordugh S) the ylkxandnan war rein Veiled Hyrcanus Principality, and reftored again the old fori Government as in former times. But befic two forts of Sanhedrims or Courts {p) the third among the Jews^ which was not aff any of thefe alterations, but flood the fame of therh > and this was the Court of Thre( was for the deciding of all Controverfies at gains, fales, contrails, and other fuch matters ; now in uenmarit^ wnereoy men caies as with us make )ng and chargeable fuits, are fummarily heard and ii- ally determined by a like Court of three in the fame lanner chofen, before which each Party pleads his wn Caufe and hath fpeedy Juflicc awarded him, /ithout the Affiftance of Solicitors, Attornies, or any ther fuch Agents of the Law. Thus much may ;rve for the information of the Englijh Reader con- erning the Sanhedrims or Courts of Juftice, which /ere anciently in ufe among the Jews-, Thofe who 70uld dive further into the Knowledge of them may sad the Mifhnical Trad Sanhedrim^ and the Gemarck pon the fame, Maimonides's Trad under the fame ^itle, Selden de Synedris^ Cock's Sanhedrin^ and o- hers. Towards the latter end of the year {q) Ariftohulm ite King of Judcea^ who was led in Triumph by ^ompey^^ and after that ihut up in Prifon at Rome^ ha- ing with his Son Antigonus made his efcape thence eturned into Jud<:ea^ and there raifed new Troubles, 'or immediately great Numbers reforted to him, a- Qong whom was Pithohus^ who hitherto had been ne of the chief Leaders on the fide o{ Hyrcanus^ and 7as at prefent Governour o^ Jerufakm-y but having low taken fome difguft, for what it is not faid, went iver to the other fide, carrying with him a thoufand nen well armed. Ariftobulus having out of all thofe, hat came in unto him, feleded fuch as had arms, ormed with them an Army, and difmified all the eft. He firft re-edified Akxandrlum^ and having iirniihed it with a ftrong Garrifon marched with the eft, being about eight thoufand men, towards Ma- inent, vanquiihed him with the Slaughter thouliind of his men. ^riftohulus with a thou: the remainder got to Macharus^ and there l\ deavoured to fortify and maintain themfelves on the coming up of the Romans to them the foon overpovvereci. For after two days refiftar Place was taken, and Ariflohulus being grie wounded was taken in it with Antigonus his So both fent back again to Rome into their form But Gabinius having informed the Senate that proniifed the wife of Ariflohulus^ on her pre the yielding up of the Caftles, that her C ihould be relealed, it was accordingly performe Ariflohulus only being retained in Chains, A? and all the red of his Children were permitted part, and return again in Judaea, Or odes and Mithridates the Sons of Phraate of Parthia (r) confpiring againft th HncJ ^^^^' impioufly became the Authors 11113 II. 8. death, after he had reigned over thi thians about twelve years. The an of reigning having been the caufe of this Pai it became the caufe alfo of great contention b the two brothers, while each ftrived to pofT Throne, which they had by their horrid wicj made vacant. Orodes being the elder Broth< took pofTeffion of it, but was foon difplaced a; ven into banifliment by Mithridates. But he foon made himfelf odious to the Parthians cruelty, Siirenas^ who next the Throne held t! place of Honour and Power in that Kingdon n Syria finding him preparing for an Expedition a- ;ainll the Arahs^ he perfuaded him rather to turn his Vrms again the Parthians for the cffe6ling of his Re- toration. And Gabinius's Heart being wholly fet up- m Gain, he was eafily prevailed on to hearken to lirn, as knowing that the Parthians being a rich Na- ion moft plunder was there to be had. And accord- ngly he fet himfelf on his March that way, taking Wthridates along with him for his guide. But on lis having pafled the Euphrates he was accofted wnch nother propofal. For thither {s) came to him Pto- '.my Auletes the deprived King of Egypt^ with Let- ers from Pompey^ and offered him ten thoufand ta- mts to re-eftabliih him again in his Kingdom. The eward being very great, and the enterprife much lefs angerous, both thefe confiderations together indu- ed him to undertake the matter > and therefore quit- ing his intended Expedition againft the Parthians e repafled the Euphrates^ and marched thorough Pa- 'ftine dire6cly into Egypt -y whereon Mithridates find- ig his Caufe deferted (/) returned into Babylonia and here feifed Sekucia^vjhcxc Orodes ftraightly befiegino- im brought him to that diftrefs, that he voluntarily UTendred himfelf out of hopes of having his life 3ared as being aBrother^ bmOrodes looking on him lore as an Enemy, than as a Brother^ caufed him to e flain before his face. On Gabinius's arrival on the borders of Egvpt (u) he ;nt Antony with a body of Horfe to feife the paffes, nd open the way for the reft of the Army to fol* (s) Dion CalTius iib. ■lo. Plutarchus in Antonio. Cicero in Oratione £rft fignalized himfelf. Being a young man of Courage and a bold Spirit he was the chief pro of this expedition, though moft of the other G OfEcers were againft it. But Antony giving his nion as bed agreed with Gahinius's greedincfs, c it againft them all. And as he was the chief adv this undertaking, fo alfo was he the moft vigorous in it 'y and by his firft fuccefs herein made w all the reft. For he not only fecured all the which he was fent to feife, but took alfo Pet which was on that fide the Key of Egypt^ ai taking of it opened the way and became the Ir all the reft of the Kingdom. For this Succefs ( was much beholden to Hyrcanus and Antipater. not only aflifted the Romans in their March w necefTaries, but by letters prevailed with the 5* the Country of Onion near Pelufium to be helpl to them, without Vx^hich Antony could not {< have made himfelf mafter of that City, (x) Ar was at this time King o£ Egypt ^ as having bee ed thither after the death of Seleucus Cyhiofa marry Berenice^ and reign with her in that Kin as harh been already related. He having con an intimate friendfhip with Gabinius^ while he under Pompey as one of his Lieutenants in thei datic war, he {y ) came out oiPontus into Syria on his obtaining that Province to be there a to him in his wars, and there alfo made an ii friendfhip with Antony -y and no doubt but with the knowledge and approbation of b( Gahinius alToon as he was acquainted of Antonyh iccefs (z) marched with his whole Army ito the very heart of Egypt, This was in ^Ta^^* le middle of winter.* For then the Nile nifs'^n' g dng at the loweft, Egypt was at that time le fitted for an invafion. However Jrahelaus bein whereon the Couni filled with Thieves and free Booters, who ra^ all over without controul, there being neith nor hands then in the Province fufficient to them. And {e) Alemnder the Son oi Ariftoh king advantage of thefe diforders raifed new 1 in Judaa, For having gotten together a great he ranged with it all over the Country and the Romans he could any where find, and d the reft to take refuge in mount Gerizim^ w ftreightly befieged them, and there Gabiniu. him on his return j where feeing the great m of thofe he had with him he thought it beft deal with them by fair means, and therefore f (b) Caefaris Comment. De Bello Civili lib. 3. Liican. lib. ic \rmy ot thirty thoufand men well appointed for the yar refolved to encounter Gahinius', but after a fierce Ight near Mount 'Tabor he was vanquifhed with the laughter of ten thoufand of his men, and the reil vcvc diffipated and put to flight. After this (/j Ga* inius going up to Jerufalem^ and having fettled all hings there according to the mind o^Antipater marched bence againft the Nahath^ans^ and having overcome [lem led back his Army into Syria^ and there prepa- id for his return to Rome, For Pompsy and Qrajfus being this year Confuls had n their entring on their Office {£) obtained by aDe- ree oix.\i^ Roman people, that .S>^/;2 and^nV^ fhould e affigned to Pompey for ^vq years, and Syria and le Neighbouring Countries to Crajfus for the like erm, for their Confular Provinces, with full Autho- ty to take with them fuch forces as they fhould link fit to raife, and to make war where-ever they Lould fee caufe according to their own Judgment ithout having recourfe to the Senate or the People of ome for their order about it, as all other Governours ere in this cafe obliged to do. Hereon Cralfus (h) at a Deputy to receive the Government of Syri^ pm Gahinius^ but he refufed to make Refignation 'it, till afterwards he was forced to quit the Pro* tice by a more powerful command, that of thePeo- e and Senate of Rome. For (i) Gabinius had been exceffive corrupt Governour in his Province, do- f/) Jofephus Antiq.lib. 14. cap. 11. {g) Dion CalTius lib. 39, itome Livii iib. lo,-. Piutarchus in Craflb, Pompeio, & Carone Uti- fi. Appian. De Beliis Civilibus lib. 2. {h) Dion CafTius lib. 59, Dion CflfTinc W\(\ di-pm ;« /^..«»;^„a J^. d^^.,:.,^:,% r^ /:,i._:i «^ againilhim, which fo much angred both the and People, that they called him home fvver thefe accufationsj but that (I J whicl exafperated them was his Egyptian Expeditioi it was contrary to the Law for any Governo Province to go out of the limits of it, or be; new war without exprefs order from the Pe Senate of Rome for it, and alfo there was th( lifhed an Oracle out of the SihyUine Books, forbad the Romans at that time to meddle w reftoration of the King of Egypt; againft all Gahinius having a6tcd without any regard t( Right, or Religion, the people of Rome were fo far provoked againft him, that they would diately have proceeded to fentence of Conder againft him without tarrying his return, h Pompey and Crajfus^ the Confuls of this year pofcd to hinder itj the firft out of friendiliip and the other to earn the Bribe, by which corrupted. But on his return the next ye; three Actions were commenced againft him, Treafon, and the other two of Corruption, I and other high Mifdemeanours. The firft b} of his money which was liberally expended occalion in bribing the Judges, he hardly ^^a a im) majority of {\y. votes only of the fever judged his caufe. But being caft in the oth {h) Notwuhjiamling this Chtnour it is to be obferved Jofephus a laudable CharaBsr, as if he had acquitted himfelf with horn Charge committed to him. Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 11, (I) Di lers, cnac lo ne mignc eicape tne punimment wliica z deferv'd. And thus his vaft treafure which he •ought with him out of the Eaft was wafted in the me way of Iniquity, in which it was gotten. He iving been Conful when Ckero was baniihcd, and len helped forward by his Authority that Sentence ;ainft him, that great Orator being now again re- irned home, remembring this Injury, and fuitably renting it, aggravated his Crimes to the utmoft a- linft him in his Speeches both to the Senate and ^ople, and particularly we find him fo doing in fome ' his Orations ftill extant. Craffus {p) having his mind much intent upon his aftern Expedition, for which he had obtained a ecree of the people in the beginning of the year, as very bufy towards the end of his Confulfhip in ling Soldiers and making all other preparations r it. But {q) the Tribunes of the People then in fice not approving of his purpofe of making war ith the Parthians did all they could to obftrud him :rein, and would fain have reverfed the Decree, at gave him Authority for it j but being over- )wcred in this attempt by military force, they turn- I their endeavours into curfes j and (r) one of them irfued him with the moft horrid and dreadful exe- ations, as he marched with his Army out o^ Rome V this war, which were all executed upon him in e lamentable manner in which it mifcarried. {n) Dion CafTius lib. 59. (0) He died in thofe wars in Cxfx's vice. Hirtius de Bello Alexandrino, cap. 43. (p) Plutarchus in aflb. (q) Plutarch, ibid. Dion Callius lib. 39. (r) Pluar- ing told or the riches or the 1 emple at Jerujc he marched thither with part of his Army tc feizure of it. Eleazar one of the Priefls w; Treafurer of the Temple. Among other thmgs, he had under his charge, one was a Bar of ( the weight of three hundred Hebrew Mirtie. for the better fecuring of it he had put into 3 which he had caiifed to be made hollow for ception of it, and placing this Beam over ' trance, which was from the Holy place into t\ of Holies, caufed the veil which parted the places to be hung thereat. Perceiving Crad fign for the plundering of the Temple he end ed to compound the matter with him, and tl telling him of fuch a Bar of Gold in his ( promifed to difcover and deliver it to him up dition that he would be fatisfied with it, and i the reft^ CraJJus accepted of the propofal, lemnly promifed with an Oath, that on havi Bar of Gold delivered to him he would be co with it, and meddle with nothing elfe. W EJeazar took down the beam and deliverec him y but the perfidious Wretch had no foe ceived it, but forgetting his Oath he not on' the two thoufand Talents which Pompey lei untouched, but ranfacking the Temple all ovei it of every thing elfe, which he thought w king away, to the value of eight thoufand Talen So that the whole of this his facrilegious which he took thence amourfted to ten thouf^ lents, which is above two Millions of our And with this thinking himfelf fufficiently fi r the Country. J he Romans [u) had hrlt by Sylla^ ad afterwards by Pompey^ made Leagues of Peace id Alliance with this people, and they had never omplained of any infradrions of them, or any other ijuries, that might give juft reafon for a War. And lerefore the Partbians not expe6ting any fuch inva- on were not then prepared in thofe parts to with* and it. Whereon (w) Craffus over-ran a great part F Mefo^diamia^ a^id took many Cities without op- Dfition, and had he purfued his advantage he might ive taken Seleucia and Ctefiphon alfo, and made him- If Maflcr of .all Babylonia^ as well as Mefopotamia. But le Summer being fpent he repafled the Euphrates^ id put his Army into Winter Quarters into the Ci- es of Syria^ leaving only fcven thoufand Foot and le thoufand Horfe behind to garrifon the places he id taken; whereby he gave leifure for the Parthi- IS to get ready that Army againft the next year's ampaign, with which they wrought his deflruftion. nd whereas he ought on his return into Syria to ive taken care, that during that winter his Soldiers ould have been well exercifed for the war, and ^ery thing elfe put in due preparation for it, he jgle borders with a great Army, was forced to i home to defend his own Country, and therefor not give Crajfus the afliilance which he had pr him. {z) On Crajfus's being thus entrcd Mefopt Caffius advifed him to put in at fome of his gar Towns, and there relt and refreih his Army while, till he fhould have gained certain intell of the number, flrength, and power of the E and in what place and pofture they were iqj he thought not fit to make any fuch delay, t fhould take his march to Seleucia down alor banks of the Euphrates. For by keeping clofe River he would avoid being furrounded by th thiansj and by his Ships upon it he might b ilantly fupplied with provifions and all other faries, which he fhould be in want of; but w was confidering on this advice, and thinking }ow it, there came to him a crafty Arabian wl him off thefe and all other meafures, excepting which tended to his ruin, whereinto at length fcdrually led him. He was the head of an j. Tribe (fuch as the Greeks called Phylarcbs^ ai prefent Arahs^ Sheks) and having formerly ferv der Pompey was weU known to many in the . Arrny, and looked on as their Friend, and fc rcafon he was made choice of, and fent by Sun ^dc this part J and he did it fo artfully and effc£ ivdi lie iiiiu iiuuiiui^ cue uu uu iui uic ^iiiiiing or an bfolute Vidory over them, but to march againft [lem and take it 5 and offered himfelf for a guide to ondu£t him the dire£i:efl: way to them, which Craf- 'IS beguiled by his fair words, and bewitched by his attery, accepted of 5 whereon he led him into the pen plains oi Mcfopotamia-y and altho' CaJJius and o- hers fufpeded the treachery of this man, and there- 5re prelled Qrajjm no longer to follow him, but to streat to the Mountains, where he might bell be ble to baffle the Power of the Parthian Horfe > and lefTengers then came to his Camp from Artabazes of urpofe to perfwade him to the fame things yet be- ig overpower'd by the filfe and lying pretences of his man he flill followed him, till at length the >aitor having led him into a fandy defart, where be Parthians might have the fceft advantage to eftroy him, rod off to Surenas to acquaint him of it, ^ho thereon falling upon him gave a terrible defeat D the whole Roman Armyj wherein Puhlius Crafftis be General's Son, and great numbers of other Ro^ tans were llain, and the refl forced to flee to Carrhce :he ancient i7^r^;^ of the Holy Scriptures) nigh which be Battel was fought, where they relied the day fterj but the night following Crajfus endeavouring 3 efcape committed himfelf to the guidance of one indromachus another Traitor, who having led him ito the midft of bogs and morafTes he was there o- ertaken by Surenas and flain, and many other noble lomans there underwent the fame Fate with him. 'ajjius at firft accompanied Crajfus in his retreat > but JDn finding reafon to fufpeft that Andromachus con- any time received lince the battel ot Lann^e^ \ loil: in it {h) twenty thoutod men flain and ten I fand taken prifoners 5 the reft making their Efcj ' feveral ways into Armenia^ Cilicia^ and Syria^ that again gathered together, and {c) formed a my under Cajftus in Syria-, whereby he was e: to preierve that Province from falling into the of the Enemy. Crajjus made a great number ( fteps in the whole condu6i: of this war 5 and he was often warned and told of them, yet deaf to all good advice he obftinately follow^ own delufions till he perifhed in them. For for his impious Sacrilege at Jerufalem juftly d to deftrudion, God did caft infatuations into Counfels for the leading him thereto. Orodes ( at this time in Armenia^ having there made with Artahazes. For Artabazes on the return Meflengcrs, which he laft fent to the Roman finding by the Account which they brought 1 the Meafures which Crajfus took in that war, muft neceflarily be undone, compounded all i with Orodes^ and on giving one of his Sifters i riage to Pacorus the Son o£ Orodes reftored hin full amity with him by this Alliance. And they were fitting together at the nuptial fe came a Meflenger who prefented Orodes wj head and hand of Crajfus^ which Siirenas had to be cut off, and fent to him. This much en the Joy and Mirth of the Feaft. And it is f that melted Gold was then poured in the mc the decollated head by way of Mockage, as /) loon after cauled him to be put to death. This Surenas {g) was a veiy extraordinary Perfon 5 tho' he kVas but ?o years old, yet he was of confummatc VVifdom and Difcretion, in valour and prowefs he exceeded all of his time, and as to his Perfon no me was of a larger fize, or better fhapcd. And foi Wealth, Power, and Authority he was much above ill others, next the King the firft Man in the King- iom. The Honour of crowning the King belonged :o him by his Birth, it having been long in his Fa- nily, and by right of Inheritance defcended to him W^henever he travcll'd from place to place, he al- ways had a thoufand Camels to carry his baggage. two hundred Chariots for the fervice of his Wives md Concubines, and a thoufand compleatly armed Horfcmen for his Life-guard, with a great manj more light armed, befides his Retinue of Servants, which amounted to ten thoufand more. However all this could not fecure him. For ftill having a Tyrant ibove him, he loft his Life by his command in the manner as I have mentioned. The Parthians thinking to find Syria after the late defeat of the Roman Army void of De- fence (h) made an Invafion upon that t.i^!!l,{*iT ,♦ Country. But Cajjius on his Llcape thither, having gotten together the Army I have mentioned, gave them fuch a warm Reception, that they were forced to repals the Euphrates with baffle and difappointment. They came now but with j fmall Army, expe6ting no Oppofition. But wher they found that they had to deal with another fori of man than Qrajfus^ and that he had greater Strengtl j€W{^ and there belieged Tancb^a a Ldty on tr ihern Siioar of the Lnke of Gennefareth^ whe thdaus Jiad iliut himfelf up with the remainder riflobMlus^s Fa£l:ion5 to which he had lately re^ Cajjliis having taken the place carried all into jj whom he took therein, only Pitholaiis he \ death by the advice of Antipater^^ as the likelie to quell dbe Fai&ion which he then headed. this having forced Jlexander the Son of Ariflvh terms of Peace, he maixhcd to the Euphrates \ pofe the Parthiam^ who were preparing to m: liothei' Invaiion into Syria. M* Calpurnius Bihulus (k) had Syria^ and A iius Cicero (I) Cilicia ailigned thi Uyfc&ms'n 13 ^^^ Romans for their Confular P ces. This Bibulus was the fame liad been Conful with Julius Cafar. Cicero foon to his charge, but Bibulus making delays Cajjit continued to govern Syria^ and \t was well f< Roman iatereil in that Province that he did fo affairs of it then needing an abler Man than 1 to manage them. For alToon as the Spring gre F<^corus {77i) the Son of Orodes King of Parthia the EupJorates with a great Army, and invaded Pum-us being then very young, had only the of General Ofaces an old and experienced Diander, who was fent with him, had truly th Teclion and Government of the whole war. C entrance into Syria {n) he marched on to A, (/} jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. op. li. De Bello Judaico lib. i. {k) DioB Caflius lib. 40. (I) Plutarchus in Cicerone. Ci there he might not only keep the j^rmenians from invading CAppadocia^ but alfo be nigh at hand to af- fill Cajjius in cafe of need. And at the fame time he fent other Forces towards the Mountain Amanus for the fame purpofe, (/») who falling on a great Party [)f Parthian Horfe, which had that way entered C/- Vicia^ cut them all off to a Man. An (q) account hereof, and of Cicero's approach coming to Antiocb^ much encouraged Cajjius and his Men in the diQ.{zn\:t of the place, and fo difcouraged and intimidated the Parthians^ (r) that dcfpairing of carrying the p^acc they raifed the Siege, and marching to Antzgonia a- nother Syrian City in the neighbourhood, fat down before it. But having there as little fuccefs as at Jn- tiocby by reafon of their utter unskilfulnefs of mana- ging fuch Sieges, were forced in like manner to rife K'om before it, and march off. Whereon (j) Caj^r4i laying an Ambuih in their way, and having drawn them into it, gave them a thorough defeat, flaying great numbers of their men, and O/aces their Gene- ral among them. Hereon the Parthian Army repaf fed the Euphrates^ but towards the end of the Sum- mer they returned again, (/) and wintered in Cyrrhe- pica a Northern Diflrid of the Province of Syria.. In the interim Bibulus being come into his Province, Cajftus delivered to hira the Government, and return- ed to Rome. (o) Cicero ad Famlliares lib. ij. Epift. i, 2, 3, 4. (p) CI cero ad Familiares lib. 15-. Ep. 4. (a) Cic.ero ad Famlliajes lib. z. Ep. 10, ad Atticum lib. f. Ep. 20, Sc 21. (r) Dion CafTius lib. 40 Cicero ibid. ', (ij Dion 8<: Cicero ibid. VcllemsPaterculus liW. 2 nciincr or incie rrovinces, Duc uvea in a oi War with both, making continual inroads a predations upon thofe Countries. Thefe Cicerc ly fubdued, taking all their Caftles, and deftroy their ftrong holds. After (w) this he fell upo ther barbarous and favage fort of People in parts who called themfelves the Ekuthero'Cilia The free Cilicians^ pretending never to have ] fubjedrion to any of the Kings, that bore ru thofe Countries 5 and having taken all their utterly fubdued them, and brought them unc der, to the great comfort and fatisfadion of al Neighbours, to whom they were a conftant j Hereon Cicero was faluted Iwperator by his which was a Title ufually given by the Roman ers to their General after fome fignal Vidon on his return from this war, he was received {x the general Joy and Acclamation of all his I cials for his good fuccefs therein, and the 1 which they received from it. And for this \ on his coming back to Rome (y) the Honot Triumph offered to himj but the Civil Ws tween C^far and Pompey being then ready to out, he waved it for that Reafon, as not th any publick folemnity of rejoicing proper wh pubhck State of his Country was juft falling fo great a Calamity. This fame year (z) dyed Ptolemy Auletes K C«) Plutarchus in Cicerone. Cicero ad Familiares lib. if. Ep lib. z. Epift. I o. & ad Atticum lib. f . Ep. 20. (wj Plut: Cicerone. Cicero ad Familiares lib. 2. Epift. 10. 8c lib. li*. Ep. lom. And becaufe they were both at that time very ^oung (Cleopatra, the eldeft of them, being then but eventcen) he committed them to the Tuition of the Roman State. This was the Cleopatra, who was af- erwards fo infamous for her lafcivious Amours, efpe- :ially with Marc Antony the Roman Triumvir. Bihulus being now in his Province, had thither ►rought him from Alexandria {c) the ill lews of the death of two of his fons, young ^'^"^ ^'^• [icn of great Hopes, who were there flain n/s'^ll.14^ y the Roman Horfe-men, whom Gabinius sft in that City for a Guard to Ptolemy Auletes, on is reftoring him to his Kingdom. Cleopatra, who hen governed Egypt with her Brother, fent the lurderers to Bihulus, that he might revenge this faft 1 fuch manner as he ihould think fit. But he fent lem back with this MefTage, That the revenging f this wrong belonged not to him, but to the Se- ate of Rome. And while he was under this grief, he had another ■ouble brought upon him by the Parthians, who lade another invafion upon Syria, {d) For they ha- ing wintered in Cyrrheftica on this fide the Eupbra- s, as foon as the feafon was proper, again took the ield, and marching to Antioch, befiged that City a cond time, y^xxhBibulus and all his Forces in it. Bi-- tlus bore the Siege without making as much as one illy for the driving of the enemy thence. But whac (a) Caefaris Comment, dc Bello Civili lib. 3. (<^) CxCms Com- tnt. ibid. Dion Caffms lib. 42. (c) Valerius Maximus lib. 4.. ). I. Caefaris Comment, de Bello Civili lib. z. Seneca ad Marciam. "Whole Province ot ISyria were delivered from which very much diftrefTed them. At the the year, the time of his Government es {f) he returned to Rome^ and arrived there wl war between Cafar and Pompey was juil b; out, in which war joining with Pompey {g) came his chief admiral, and dyed of ficknefs office on board the Fleet, which he comman him. For the differences between Ccefar and Pom fing to that height, that they could no other decided, but by the Sword, {h) Cafar in the ning of our December pafled the Rubicon^ and i begun that war between them, which brou] llruftion upon them both, and at length ei the total fubverfion of the Roman Repubhci this march of C^far's, Pompey with all of hi left Rome^ and hailed to Brundufium^ thence over into Epirus^ and C^far purfued him Port. But altho' he arrived thither on the December^ feven days before Pompey^s departure yet he could not hinder his pafTage, For on the third of January following (J) h out of the Port o£ Brundujimn^ and nulll. ir. ^^^ other fide of the Adriatic^ in th( try where he intended, and there himfelf to gather together fuch an Army, a (e) Dion Caflius lib. 40. [f) Cicero ad Atticum lib. ; (g) Caefaris Comment, de Bello Civili lib. 5. ^ {h) Pli Cajfare, Pompeio, Catone &: Cicerone, 8c Antonio. Caefaris V...V.,..., iidviijg comtorcea tftel'eople with fair won and promifes of doing all things for the adv^antas of them, and the Republick, {k) he releafed out c Prifon Anftohulus King oijud^a, and fcnt him wit two Legions into his own Country to promote h intereft there, and in the neighbouring parts oi Syrk Phcemcta, and Arabia. But thofe of Pompefs part found means to give him Poifon in his way, whereo ^ . r L /"'^ '^''^"=^' ^^^ Alexander the fon of ^ri Jtobulus had, on the expeftation of his Father's re turn, raifed forces to join him on his arrival, Pompe lent orders to Scipio to put him to death, and there fore having caufed him to be taken and brought tc ^»?«f^, there condemned him in a formal Tryll, anc cut oiF his head This Scipio was (m) ^ Metellu. &apw, who had been Conful with Pompey three year' betor^ and then marryed him to Cornelia his daueh^ ro,r ''^"S^at that time a Widow on the death of P«^te Cn#., her former Husband, who was (lain with his Father in the Parthian War. On Bibuhs's return, (n) he was appointed Prefident of Syria, and on Pompefs leaving Rome was haftned thither with Cmus the eldelt of Pompefs fons to fecuie that Pro- ng of his Fleet And to oppofe him herein was it, that C^/ar releafed Jriftobulus, and fent him into Ju. if a. And had he arrived there with the Forces af- ligned him, he would no doubt have fully anfwered :he end for which he was ordered thither, and very (k) Dion Camus lib. 41. joftphus Antia. lib. i+. cap. i , & d* Bd'o OmpeiO. Dion CaffiaS lib. 40,41. C^Qir\, r^mm^nf a. D.;1„ r^:..:,: to leave fuch a Country behind in the power enemy, and therefore marched thorough Gallii t her, and having fubdued Afranius^ Petreius^ and f-^, Pompefs Lieutenants in that Country, and i the whole Province in his intereft, he returned to Rome about the time of the Autumnal Eqi On his arrival thither he was declared Di£tato; after eleven days again laying down that Offi( and SernjilhiS Ifauricus were eleded Confuls f( enfuing year, (p) And immediately after he h away to Brundufium^ there to pafs the Adriatu Greece againft Pompey. And having in order 1 di reded all his forces to rendezvous at that Cit failed over from thence with feven of his Le and having fafely landed them at a Port nej Promontory of Ceraunium^ he fcnt back Calen. of his Lieutenants with his Fleet to bring ov reft which he left behind 5 but feveral months before Anthony^ who had the Command of found an opportunity to gain a fafe pafTage for over that Sea, by reafon of Pompey'^ Fleet, ^ had befet all thofe Coafts to intercept them. It being about the end of OSloher that C^fa? ed his {tvtn Legions on the Grecian fide of t driatic^ there to profecute the war againft P almoft a whole year had pafled fince he laft ms back from Brundufium^ for the reducing of 7/^ Spain. And therefore Pompey having all this ti furnifh himfelf with Forces for this war, (f (0) Platarcbus in Csefare. C^faris Comment, de Bdio Civili 1 n;r»n C.'xC^iu'i lih. A.\ . (t) Cxlaris Comment, de Bd akc the Field at Lands lo that both hdes lay ilill in heir winter quartern. But when the Spring carne on (r) both fides pre- >ared for Adion, and C^/ar having now [otten the reft of his Forces over to. him, Hyro^.^ ach Army took the Field, and encamped nusll'i6. gainft each other near Dyrrachmn^ now ailed Duraxzo. In feveral skirmifhes Cc^far bad the etterj but at length in one of them he receivecl fe ;reac a defeat, that he acknowledged he rauil thei; ave been utterly undone, h^diBompey feen his advan- ige, and purfued it. This having made him paft he enfuing night without fleep, by rcafon of th.Q rouble of his Mind for what had happened, jb^ ^ent it wholly in conlidering the ill State of his Af^ lirs, and by revolving it over in his Thoughts amc to fee, {s) that he had been guilty of a great rrour in carrying on this 'war againft Pompey on the ea iide, where the enemy had a great Fleet abfo- itely to command thofe Seas, and he none at all. or hereby Pompcy% Army was conftantly fupplyed ^ith all neceflaries, and Ccefar\ on the other iide as luch diftreffed for want of them 5 and therefore con- smning himfelf for this condud, he refolved imme- iately to alter it, and accordingly decamped the ^xt day, and marched towards lloejfaly^ where was lenty of all things, purpofing thereby to draw Pomr y after him to a battel, or elfe to flill on Scipio ^ompey\ Father-in-law, who was then in Macedonia., have above mentioned, how he was fent ^xo'caRoynCy ^fore Pompey receded from thence, to be provincial Zeal J whereby having fet on foot an Army at and equipped a great Fleet at Sea, he marchec the Army towards Greece, there to join Pompi committed the Fleet to the charge of Cneius pey's eldeft Son, who taking in fo other ai Ships from Egypt ^ failed with them to the^ and there joined the reft of his Father's Fleet pio in his march having led his Forces thorou Lejfer Afia, and augmented them in his way > many others as he could pick up in thofe Coi had pafled the Hellefpont with them, and was time come as far as Macedonia, in order to joii pey for the ftrengthning him in this War 5 am C^far purpofed to fall upon him, if Pompey not march after him to prevent it. Pompey an with him not being at all aware of the true ] which put Ccefar on this march, took it t been the Confequence of his defeat the day as if after that he durft not ftay there any and therefore marched after him as in purfuit that fled. And C^far having taken his rout t Ep'irus and Arcarnania in a way which was what about, Pompey, the fooner to come u him, took the fhorteft cut through Macedot this march Sciplo joined Pompey, and Domiti - foinus joyned defar with their Armies, and 1 ^. length met in the Plains of Pbarfalia in t where it came to a decifive Battel betweer ■defar's Army confifted of (t) twenty two tl foot, and a thoufand horfe, but Pompey^s was twice as many. For he had forty five thoufai and Rvc thoufand horfe, but they being 1 ■t-fWtT n\->r\ it^f^vryi»ftf^ry^f*ri rx^ekt^ rmtttf^r^ r>f>A 3ur thoufand made Prifoners of War, their Camp iken, and all the reft diflipated and driven to flee >r their Lives, {w) Pompey when he found his >amp loft, as well as the Battel, fled in dilguife, and aving gotten to the next Sea- port on the T'loejaliatt hoar, pafled over to Mitylene^ in the Ifland o^ Les- w, where he had fome time before fent Cornelia his Vife with Septus his younger Son> and having there iken them on board his Ship, failed down the Jrchi" ?lagOj and put in at jlttalia in Pamphylia. Aflbon as : was known that he was in that Port, there came bither to him fome Ships from Cilicia^ and about wo thoufand Soldiers, and with them fixty Roman enators, who had efcaped the late battel. Hearing, ;hile here, that his Fleet was ftill fafe, and that Ca- ) having gathered together the remains of his bro- en Army had put them on board his Ships, and liled with them for j^frica^ he refle<51:cd with much ;rief on the great error he had committed in being rawn from the Sea-flioar to fight C^far in the in- md Country. For had he continued ftill near his ^leet, he might on failing at Land, either have re- [iforced his iVrmy from Sea, or elfe have fliip'd ic if into fome other part of the Roman Empire, and here have a-new tryed his fortune. Rut it being low too late to remedy this falfe Step, it only re- gained to be confidered, what next was to be don« n the prefent cafe. His firft refolution was to land n {x) Syria, and feize that Province, and he hoped (u) This is Caefar'j own account in his Commentaries of the Civil War^ \ook the third, but Plutarch and Appian reckon the number of the [lain to o inn ■yyinvB *U„^ C->y. llinnr.iYiA jAr)A nuntm -fnt- it. A(inJn5 PnlHo. A Rnm'Sn only denycd him his alli (lance, but clap'd his fador in Chains. When Pompey firft paff from Bruyidufium inco Epirus^ there to raife a againil C^efar^ (z) he had follicited among otl rodes for his aid in this War. Orodes promif he defired, but demanded Syria for his rewj that not being granted him, he took this de n pretence, not only to deny Pompey his reqa alio to imprifon the Amballador by whom 1 it. But the true meaning of it was, he had to embark in a loll caufe, and therefore tc method to renounce it. And upon this fame ^Ic, and at the fimc time {a) the People of in conjunftion with the Romans then in th feized the Caftle of Antioch in order to excli: thence, and forbad all of his Party to appro? place on pain of death. Pompey on his arrivs prus^ in his way to Syria^ hearing of both th ticulars, flcer'd his courfe towards Egypt ^ n knowing where elfc to. go. He had been Friend xo Auletes the Father of the prefent Ki by his procurement chiefly was it, that wi pelTd his Kingdom, he was again rcflored to ,therefore he expected to have been received iified with equal Kindnefs by his Son. Q?) arrival m Egypt ^ he found Ptolemy with an A the Sea-lliorc between Pelufium and Mount !and Cleopatra his Siller with another Army from him. For he having deprived her of th: in the Government, which was left her by - ction and aid in his prek,QC diftrefs. Ptolemy beinc; then a Minor, Wits under the tuition of Pothimis the Eunuch that bred hiiji up, and AcJoilias the General of his Army; Thefe two taking Theodotus a Rheto- ncian, who was the King's Prasceptor, and fome o- thers into .conlu'lt wit,h them, advifed together what Anfwer to .return. Some were for receiving him, and others for rejeding him, but Theodotiis was for pjeither^ but in a preffiwg Rhetorical S^peech [o^t Forth to them, that the only fafe couife they had to take was to difpatch him. For (c) he argued, fliould they receive him, C^efar would be revenged on them for their tibetting his Enemy > and fliould they refufe to .reeeiye bun, and he elfewhere gather llrengrh, and again i-^covqr his power, he then would be re- v^qgedon them for this refufil^ that therefore the only w^y to ,fecure them from both, was to cut him off. For this would make C^far their friend, and prevent the other from doing them any hurt as an enemy. For, faid -he in the words of the Proverb, fcad Men do not bite. This way of reafoning hx- m^g dra^wn.all the reft to his. opinion, they all refol- i^ed on It, as the fafeft courfe they could takej and dchillas w\x.\\ Septimm a Roman Commander^ then in :he fervice of qhe King of Egypt, and fome others were Tent to texecute it 3 who having in a fmall boat wrought Pompy ^\'omh\s Ship on pretence of con- iu6kmg him to Ptolemy -y as foon as they came nigh :he Shoar, fell upon him, and flew him^ and havin^ :wt off his Head, caft his dead Carcafs upon the Krand, where he had ,no other Funeral, but what IIUMIL 111 1 II I I . I I I I , . in the fifty ninth year of his age. No man Y joyed greater Profperity till he prophaned the pie of God at Jerufakm'y after that his Fortuni in a continual decline, till at length to expi that Impiety, he was thus vilely murdered in tl fines of that Country where he had commit This was done in the fight of his Wife and h; and the refl that accompanyed him, whereo made off to Sea with all the hafle they wer Cornelia and Sextus efcaped firflto Tyre^ and t Cyprus^ and from thence into Africa \ but n the other Ships were taken by the Egyptian ( that purfued after them, and all that were foi board them were cruelly put to the Sword, ai whom was Lucius Lentulus the former year's ( who was the chief Author of the War, by nately reje6i:ing all the Propofals that were mi Cafar for Peace. In the mean time (J) C^far purfuing Pom^ fame way, m which he fled, failed into Egyp him, and came to Alexandria jufl as the New ved thither of his death, and foon after on \ tering the place he was prefented with his Hca the fight of which he wept, and turned aw face from it with abhorrence, as from an ung Spectacle, and ordered it to be buried in a i place with all honourable Solemnities. Cajt the greater expedition made this purfuit witi few forces 5 for on his coming to Alexandria^ \ (e) no more with him, than eight hundred horf three thoufand two hundred foot. The reft Army he left behind in Greece^ and the Lejjh Alexandria with theie only, which had hke to have prov'd his ruin. For thefe not being fufficient to de- fend him from the mob and mutinies of that turbu- lent City, he very narrowly efcaped perifliing by them. For {f) the Eteftan winds then blowing from the North, which continue in thofe parts during all the Dog-days (^in the beginning of which C<:efar en- tered that Port) thefe hinder all Ships from failing out of Alexandria as long as thefe winds laft, (^.) and therefore did put a neceffity upon him of tarrying :here during all that Seafon. In (^) this vacant time be employed himfelf in calling in the Debt ow'dhim 3y Auletes^ and in hearing and determining the Con- :roverfy between Ptolemy and Cleopatra his Sifter. I ^ave above mentioned how Auletes^ when Cafar was Srft Conful, engaged him by a bribe of fix thoufand Falents to get him to be confirmed in his Kingdom Dy the Romans^ and enrolled among the Friends and fMlies of that powerful State j part only of thrs Sum kvas then paid, for the reft he bound himfelf in the >bligation of a Debtor afterwards to difcharge it. (f) By Etefian Winds are meant fuch as blo-co at fiated times of the "ear, from tohat point of the Compafs foever they come. For they are fo ailed from the Greek vtord gr^, i. e. a Year, and originally denote year* ^1 or anni-jerfary Winds, fuch as our Sea-men call Moufouns and Trade* itnds, which in certain parts of the World come and continue conflantly lowing the fame nvay for certain ftated Seafons of the Year. Thus the iorth Winds, which during the Dog-d^ys conjiantly blow upon the Coafis of Lgypt, that lye upon the Mediterranean, and thereby hinder all Ships from filing out of Alexandria for that Seafon, are called Etefiae in Caefer'i Com- tentaries. And fo in other Authors, the Weft Wmd, and alfo other Winds re called Etefiae or Etefian, where they come at certain times, and continue lowing for certain Seafons of the Year. Dc hac re videas Salmafii Exer* their Silver and Gold Utenliis, and naadc the and all the great Officers of the Courr^ as ^ Mwafdf, to eat and drink anfy in c^othen and \ Veiltels, pretending that CJfar had taken a\ their Silver and Gold, that by lo giving o might the more excice the People againil hina that which rooft exafperated them, and iit drove them into a War againfl: him, was the AiTticle mentioned, (i) ihis caiUting Ptolemy ani patra before hira to be judged by him as to th troverfy that was between them. For he h trnt his peremptory order to each of them to their Armies, and bring their Caufe to his J ifor a final decifion. This was looked on as a tion of the Majefty, and an invafion upon the reign Authority of their King, who being ai pendant Prince owned no Superior, and th was not as a Siibjeict to be judged by any man to this C^r anfwer'd, that he did not tak him to judge as a Superior 5 but as an Arbitra pointed *by the Will of Juletes, For :thcreby put his Children under the Tuition of the State, and all the power of the Romans bein veiled in him as their Didator (to which Oi had been appointed at Rome (k) aflbon as the heard of the death oi Pompey) it belonged to arbitrate and determine this 'Controverfy as G {h) Plurarchus in Csefare. Dion Caffius lib. 4.2. Orofius lib. ( (i) C^faris Comment, de Bello Civili lib. 5. Plutarchus in Csd Caftjus lib. 4a. (A-,) Tor. the Romans on their bearing th; ■was thus determ'med in favour of Cxfar mzking ha/ie to heap Hi »i3 htm, fnade him Diiixter for^ Teaty gave him Tritmnitid Poi ^ajar s neaiing, anu /luvuuaLc^ wcic iippoinicu on Doth fides to plead before him the matter, which w^s in conteft between them. But (/) Cleopatra hear- ing that C^far was lafcivioufly given to the Love oif ^omen fas indeed he was to great excefs, tho' he never fuffered it to hinder him in any bufinefsj fhe aid a Plot to take hold of him by this handle, and :hcreby attach him firft to her Pferfon^ and next to ^er Caufe. For fhe being a very wanton Woman, [hade nothing of proftituting her felf to any one, ^i- [her for her Lull, or her Intcreft, according as -fhe was actuated by either o^ them. And therefore fend- ing to Ciefar ihe complained, that her Caufe was 'be- trayed'by thofe that managed 'it for her j and tliere- fore prayed, • that fhe might be permitted to come in Perfon to him, and plead it her felf before him-; which being -granted hei;, {m) fhe came fecretly into the Port of Alexandria in a fmall SkifF towards the dusk of the evening j and the better to get to Cafar ivithout being ftopt or obilru6ted by her Brother, or any of his Party, who then commanded the place, (he caufcd herfelf to be tyed up in her beddings and thus to be carried to Gafiir's Apartment on the back of one of her Servants > who having laid down hii burden at Cafar's Feet, and unty'd'it, up flarted th^ Lady with the bed; Airs fhe could put on. defar was much pleafed with the ingenious Contrivance of her thus coming to him, but much more with the Lady, with whole Beauty being at the firft fight thoroughly fmitten in the manner as proje6bed, he lay with her that night, and thereby begat on her a Son, who afterwards was from his name called C^- come her Advocate, and underftanding alfo, th; was then with him in that part of the Palace a he lodged, he fell into a rage hereat, and fpri out from him to the People in the Street, he his Diadem from his head, and flinging it o ground, complained with Tears and bitter Cla: that he was betrayed, and told his Story in f manner as raifed the whole City in an uproar brought them upon C^efar in an univerfal Ti and with the fury which in fuch cafes is ufual. Roman Soldiers who were near him feized Pt and fecured him within C^far's Power. But withftanding this, the reft of his Forces bein^ fcattered all over the City in their Quarters, j fufpeding what had hapned, and therefore not at hand to help him, he muft neceflarily have over-born and torn in pieces by the enraged tude, but that coming out to them in a fafe pi lofc, and from thence fpeaking to them, and al them that all things ihould be done, as they have, he with difficulty appeafed them^ for thai And accordingly the next day having call'd the pie together in a general AfTembly he brougl Ptokmy and Cleopatra to them, and then caufin^ Father's Will publickly to be read, wherein i ordained, that his eldeft Son and his eldeft Dai ihould according to the ufage of their Anceft joyned in Marriage, and both joyntly reign to under the Guard ianiliip of the Roman People, creed by vcrtue of that Guardianfhip, which v faid then vefted in him as Dictator, that Ptole?. prefent King, as being the eldeft Son, and Ch ;reat fear of. For this Ifland had for fome time be- ore been fubjeded to the Romans^ as hath been a- lOve related. This contented the whole AfTembly, nd pleafed all except Pothinus. For he having been he caufe of the breach between Cleopatra and her brother, and alfo of her expulfion out of the King- om, juftly feared, that both his Authority and his :^ife would be brought into danger by her return, nd therefore did all he could to hinder the execu- ion of this Decree, {o) in order whereto he not on- ^ fowed new Difcontents, and new Jealoufies among he People, but alfo prevailed with Achillas to bring lis Army from Pelujitim to Alexandria for the driving if Cafar thence. His arrival put all things there a- ;ain in Confufion. Achillas having twenty thoufand nenwith him defpifed the Paucity of C ^ far' s Forces^ nd thought immediately to have crufhed him. Buc l^far fo well difpofed thofe Forces which he had, by •lacing them to the beft advantage in the Streets and Uenues in that quarter of the Town, which he had aken pofleffion of, that he eafily fullained the Af^ ault, and therefore on their failing of fuccefs here, hey carried the War to the Porr, projefting to feize he Fleet there at Anchor, and therewith to fhut up '!afar by Sea, and exclude him from having either luccours or Provifions brought him that way. But 'J^far prevailing there alfo, ordered all that Fleet to >c fet on fire, and at the fame time fcized the Tower >f Pbarus, and placed a Garrifon in it. By thefe neans he fully fecured his Communication with the >ea, without which he muft have been foon ruined. gcs, and then contained tour hundred thoular lumes, whereof a full Account hath already given. defar finding a dangerous War thus begun him^ {p) fent for fuecours to all the adjacent from which he could fooneft have them, and efpccial manner wrote to Domitius Calvinus his tenant in the Proper Afia of the great Dan| was in, who forthwith fent him two Legioi one by Sea, and the other by Land. That was fent by the Sea arrived in time, but the which marched by Land never came into Egji War being over before they could reach it. ] none did him better fervice than Mithridates th gamenian. For being fent by him into Syria a licia^ he brought him thofe Forces from \ which extricated him from all his danger in tb ner as will be by and by related. C£far in the interim, (r) that he might i forced to fight the numerous Forces of the E till his Succours fhould arrive, otherwifc than he fhould fee caufe fo to do, fortifyed that C of the City where he lay with Walls, Towen other works, including within them the Pal Theatre lying next the Palace, (which he made as a Gaflle) and a paflage to the Harbour. thefe things were a doing, the King being fl tained in Ctefar'% quarters, (5) Pothinus, while there attending on him as his Governour and (p)CxCms Corpmenr. dp Bello Civili lib. 3. Dion CafTu Plutarchus in Caefare. Hirtius de Bcllo Alexandrine. (^) I :ath for it. Hereon (/) Ganymede another Eunuch ' the Palace, who had the bringing up of Arfin^s le King's younger Sifter, fearing the fame Punifh- ent, as having been in the fame intcreft, and the me Defigns with him, fecretly conveyed the young rincefs out of Cafar's Quarters, and fled with her I the Army, who wanting one of the Royal Fami- to head them gladly received her, and made her iieen. But Ganymede outwitting Achillas^ (u) cau- d an accufation to be formed againft hira, as if he id betrayed to Cafar the Fleet, which he burnt in le Harbour, and having tJiereby procured, that he as put to death, fucceeded him in the chief Com- and of the Army, and thenceforth alfo took on hiai c prime Adminiftration of all other the Aifairs of at party, for which he was thoroughly quaifyed. Dr he was a very crafty difcerning perfon, and found It many fubtle Devices for the diftreffing of C^ef^ iring the Remainder of the War. By (w) one of hich having fpoiled all the frcfh water in his quar- rs he had very nigh undone him by it. For the A-- '.andrians having no other freih water for their com- an ufe, but that of the Niky (x) as at prefent, fo en, had all the City vaulted underneath their Hou- ; for the reception and keeping of it. Once a year ben the Nik was at the higheft, it flowed through e Artificial Canal, which was drawn from that Ri- [t) Cxfzvls Comment, ibid. Dion C^ffius lib, 41. (u) Hirtiu? Bello Alexandrino, Dion Caflius kb. ^i. (w) Hirdus de BeMa xandrioo. Piutarchus in Cxfarc. (x) AleKandria is at prtfm$ s vautud under-groundy and to this day they there keep tb$ water ^ e m thafe VhuUt fnr rnmmnn ufp nf all tUo v»ar mund in the fiimRmia.7i~ every Man having an open hole or well in hi through which letting down into thofe Vai ther Buckets or Pitchers, he drew up what ^ needed. Ganymede having flopped up all t\ munications, which thofe Vaults in Cafar's had with thofe of the Town, poured into th the Sea fo much Salt-water by artificial Eng trived for that purpofe, as fpoiled all the fre which was repofited and kept in them. TI perceived raifed a general uproar among Caj diers, and he mufl have been forced immedi have departed at all difadvantagcs, but tha ordered Wells to be dug, by going deep en found Springs of frefh water fufficient to fu; want of that which was fpoiled. After this {y ) defar having received an i that the Legion, Calvinus fent him by Sea, rived on the Coaft of Libya not far from ' went thither with his whole Fleet to bring t to Alexandria, Ganymede getting Intelligenc fent all the Egyptian Fleet which he had ther to intercept him in his return. This produce between the two Fleets, in which C^far ha\ ten the Vidtory brought all his Legion fafe ^ to Alexandria^ and had not night come on t all the Enemies Ships muft have fallen into Y Ganymede to repair this Lofs, and others b ftained (for C^far had by this time deftroyed ral times above an hundred and ten of their War) gathered together all the remaining SI could be gotten from every mouth of Nile^ of them another Fleet beine formed, ent /'as oearen oit witn tne lois or aoove eigne nuncirea f his Men, and had like to have been loft himfelf 1 the rout. For finding the Ship in which he en- eavourcd to efcape ready to fink, by reafon oF the lumbers of thofe who had crowded into ir, he irew himfelf into the Sea, and with difficulty got fiF by fwimming to the next Ship of his in the Port, i^hile thus he made his Efcape, (a) he carry cd fome iluable Papers, which he had then about him, in le hand, and fwam with the other, and fc faved )th himfelf and them. After this lofs C^far {h) was perfwaded to fend ing Ptolemy to the Egyptian Army, in compliance ith their defire, and on a promifc made him, that hen they fhould have their King, they would make *ace with him 5 but after they had him at the head ' the Army, they prefled on the War with great- Vigour than before, and by their Fleet endeavour- to intercept all C^far's provifions by Sea. This oduced another Sea-fight near Campus^ in which ?far had again the Vidoryj but by this time Mi- ndates of Pergamus was near at hand with his auxi- ry Army out of Syria. It hath been above mentioned, how C afar fent him :o Syria and Cilicia to bring him from thence all e Forces he could raife in thofe Countries for his fiftance. This CommifHon {c) he executed with fo ich diligence and prudence, that he foon got together onfiderable Army, in the effecting of which he was 'z) Hirtius ibid. Dion Caflius lib. 4z. Suetonius in Julio Csefare . 64,. Plutarchus in Julio C^fare. Appian. de Bellis Civilibus lib. 2. »fius lib. 6. cap, ic. (a) Dion CafTius, Plutarchus, Suetonius, 6c ner to lena mm in tneir Aia. vv itn ineie Alithridafes, having Antipater in perfon wit marched into Egypt^ and on his coming tc fium^ flormed and took that City, which v ing chiefly to the valour of Antipater, ] firll mounted the Walls where the brea( made, and thereby made way to thofe that f to enter and take the place. From thence m towards Alexandria^ as they were to pafs the p of Onion^ they found all the avenues feifed Jews^ who were the Inhabitants of that part of and thereby were obftrufted from proceeding j ther, and this mud have difappointed the whi pedition, but that Antipater partly by his o^ thority, and partly by that of Hyrcamis^ and i ters which he ddivered to them from him, 1 them over to Cafar's party. On the hearing o the people of Memphis did the fame, and Mi was plentifully fupplyed with all neceflaric both. On his coming to the (cl) Delta^ Ptol an Army thither to oppofe his pafling the N produced a battel, in which Mithridates cove one part of the Army, and Antipater the oth tbridates at firft was beaten off his ground, t pater having routed the Adverfary on his pa in to his affiftance, whereby the battel bcir reftored, the Egyptians were put to a total r( Mithridates and Antipater purfuing the ad {(\) The Nile a Tittle ielorv Memphis parting into troo branch 0ne runs to Pelufium now Damiara, and the ether to Canopu fctto, thofe two branches en each fide with the Shoar of the Mi H- litlXJL. IKJL Lll^ll lUUUUILj rtliU UH 1115 jt.,^ yning them, foon brought the matter to nus ir. 17, decifive Battel, in which C^/ar having )tten an abfolute Viftory, Ptolemy on his endeavour- g to efcape in a boat on the Nile^ was funk with in id drowned in that River. Hereon Akxa-idria and I Egypt fubmitted to the Conqueror. C<;efcir retura- g from this Victory, entered Alexandria about the iddle of our January^ and no one there any more )pofing him, he fettled the Kingdom under Cleopa^ % and the Surviving Ptolemy her younger Brother King and Queen, which was in effect to put the hole into her hands, this Ptolemy being then no ore than eleven years old. It was for the fake of is lewd Woman, and the lafcivious converfation \ had with her, that C^far made this dangerous and famous wars and therefore having fully maftered it '' this Vi6tory, he made it turn the mofl he could her Advantage j And (/) his wanton dalliances ith her detained him longer in Egypt^ than his af- irs could well admit. For although he had in Ja- 'ary fettled all matters in thac Country, yet it was )t till the latter end of April following that he de- irted thence, (g) For Appian tells us, he had been ne months in Egypt at this time, and he came not ither till towards {h) the end of July in the pre- ding year. Having (/) taken Arfinoe prifoner m is War, he carryed her to Rome with him, and ufed her to be there led in bonds before him in his riumph, but after that fhow was over, he {k) di> {e) Hirtius dc Bello Alexandriao. Dion Cafiius Jib. 4z. Platarchus in :fare. (/) Suetonius in Julio Ccefare cap. 5-2. Appian. de Beilis .:i;i i:u . ^ _ .o. r\:^ — r'^cr,... i:u . . -I./' / .. r^ r» >i- Proper Jfia-^ for there Antony found her a Battel o^ Philippic and (m) at the requeft of caufed her to be put to death. Before C parted from Alexandria^ (n) in acknowlcdg the alliftance he had from the Jews^ he con£ their privileges in that Cit)-, and ordered a be there erediied, whereon by his command privileges were engraven, and alfo his Deci firming the fame. That which haftned C^y^r out o£ Egypt at was the War of Pharnaces King of the C Bofphoru^^ Son of Mithridates late King of For (d) finding the Romans deeply engaged in vil Wars between C^far and Pompey^ he t advantage hereof to attempt the recovery of ther's Dominions in AJia. And therefore le^ fander his Lieutenant mBofphorus^ he paiTed t Sea, and took poflellion of Colchis^ and th Armenia^ and feveral places in Cappadocia^ and Bithynia. After the Battel of Pharfalia^ far had fent Domitius Cahinus with part of h againft him, committing to his Government Provinces of LefTer AJia, But Domitius (q the misfortune to be vanquifhed in this War. naces thereon made himfelf mafter of all the ing parts of Pont us and Cappadocia^ and bein up with this Succefs, carried it with great P Cruelty towards all in the Roman Interefl, H) Hirtius de Bello Alexandrino. {m) Jofephus An cap. 4. Appian. de Bellis Civilibus lib. 5-. (n) Jolej lib. 14. cap. 17. Sc contra Apionem lib. 2. {0) Plutan i whereon leaving part or his rorces in Egypt r the protection of Cleopatra^ {s) he palTed about ic end of April with the reft into Syria. While : was in that Country, {t) Antigonus the Son of A- ^obulus late King of the Je'-jjs came to him, tmd uch lamenting his Father's and Brother's death, (the rmer of which had been poifoned, and the other :headcd for being adherents to his Caufe) prayed m to take CompafHon of him, and reftore him to s Father's principality, and at the fame time made :avy complaints of Antipater and Hyrcanus^ and of e wrongs which he faid he had fufFered from them. It Antipater being then attending upon Ccefar de- eded his own and Hyrcamis^ Caufe fo well againd m, that Cafar rejecting the Accufations of Antigo- J- as of a turbulent and feditious Perfon, Decreed ) that Hyrcanus fhould hold the office of High- ieft at Jerufalem^ and the Principality of Jud^ea^ ith it to him and thofe of his Family after him in rpetuity of PofTefHon, and appointed Antipater to Procurator o^ Jud^a under him, and ordered this rcree to be engraven in Tables of Brafs in Greek and itin^ and to be hung up in the Capitol at Rome^ d in the Temples of Tyre^ Sidon^ and Askalon in icenicia. By vertue of which Decree Hyrcanus was ain re-efbablifhed in the Sovereignty of Jud^a^ xhi •iflocracy of Gahinius abolifhed, and the Govern- ^nt again reftored to the fame State, in which it d been under him and the great Sanhedrim^hdiox^ y) Hirtias 8c Dion Caflius ibid. Plutarchus in Cscfare. (s) Hir- ^ , Plutarchus Sc Dion Caffius ibid. Appianus de Bellis O'vilibus lib. a. ^ tonius in Tulio Cxiivc cap. 25". Orolius lib. 6. cap. 10! (t) Jor'^ that he made himfelf neceflary to all Roman nors that came into thofe parts, and to none more fo than unto Cafar^ who owed his del at Jlexandria^ and the Succcfs with which eluded that War, wholly to him. For with Mithridates could never have raifed that A his ailiftance, by the help o^^ which he coi And he was by this time grown flrong in hi ly, as well as in his intereil and power. Fo liad by his Wife Cyprus four Sons now grov/ maturity of age, and of great Reputation lour and Wifdom j the eldcft was Phafaelus^ cond Herod^ the third Jofefh^ and the young roras^ and he had alfo by the lame Wife a t called Salome^ who was the Erinnys of her continually creating Feuds and Diviiions in i Intrigues, whereby fhe very often perplext I ther Herod's Affiiir.s, and yet maintained an with him to liis lafl. Her Charadter will underftood by her A6licns which will be ] related. C^far after fome flay in Syria^ (x) mad C^far his Kinfman Prefident of that Provi then (f) haftned northward again (l Pharna^ his arrival where the Enemy was, he withou any refpite either to himfelf or them {z) imr fell on, and gained an abfolute Vi6lory ove an account whereof he wrote to a friend ( thefe (z) three words, veni^ 'vidi^ vki^ i. e. (to) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 12. ( x) Z irried aloft before him in that Pompous Show, 'his Vidory being gained {b) near the place where riarius was vanquifhed by Mitbrldates^ it thereby re- aired the honour of the Roman Militia, which was >fl by that defeat. After this, all being {c) again ^covered that Pharnaces had polTefled himfelf of in lis War, he (d) Hed to Sinope with a thoufand orfemen, v/hich were the whole remainder of his mquifhcd Army, and having flain the Horfes, he ut the Men on board his Ships in that Port, and iled with them back to Bofphorus. But {e) Afander^ ^hom he left his Lieutenant in that Country, ha- i-ng by this time fet up for himfelf, he was no foon- r landed, (/j but theUfurper got him into his pow- r, and having put him to death, reigned in hisllead. lereon Cafar (^) gave Mithridaies the Pergamcnian lat Kingdom in reward for the Service he did him I Egypt^ and at the fame time made him one of the 'etrarchs of Galatia-y the (b) latter he had a Title to 1 the right of his Mother, who was defcended from ne of che former Tetrarchs, and the former he light have laid claim to in the right of his Father, or he was (ij fuppofcd to have been the Son of King dithridates^ his Mother having been one of his Con- ubines after the death of Menodotus of Pergamus her lusband, and therefore he was bred up by that Prince, ad called by his name. But C(efar in making him C«) Suetonius in Julia Caefare cap. 37. (h) Dion Caflius J. 43. p. zoy. Appian. in Mithridaticis, {c) Hirtius ibid. & Dion aflius lib. 42. Plutarchus in Caefare. ( Speech bei clined to condemn him, he could not gain \\ Acquittal, and therefore to fave him from a Se of Condemnation, he adjourned the Court next day, and in the interim advifed Herod gonej who accordingly in the night withdi from Jerufalem^ went to Df.mafcus^ and there f himfelf under the Protection of Sextus Caefar^ he found in that place, he defyed the Sanhedri did from thence let them know, that he woi pear no more before them 5 which they refentc great indignation, but could now no othei'w prefs it, than by venting their Complaint again canus for permitting it to be thus done. On Herod's coming to Sextus Cdefar (q) he ingratiated himfelf with him, that Hyrca^ ^^^^ ^^ Money, with which he pn nusll. 18. ^'^^"^5 ^■'^ obtained of him the Govei of Coek- Syria. Whereon he got to an Army, and marched with it into Jud^a to venged on Hyrcanus and the Sanhedrim^ intend lefs than to dcpofe Hyrcanus^ and cut off the Sanhedrim^ becaufe of the indignity they mac undergo by their late procefs againil him. B tipater and Phafael interpofing made him defill latter part of the former Year had pafled over thi- ther to fupprefs them, and having there rendezvou- fed all his Forces together about the middle of Ja- nuary this Year immediately marched againll the E- nemyj and in the beginning of the February follow- ing coming to a battel with them gave them a tota Overthrow, whereon Cato flew himfelf at lUka^ anc Scipio^ Juha^ Petr^us^ and the other Chiefs, whc commanded in this War, perifli'd in their flight j anc C^far having fettled the Province returned again tc Rome^ carrying with him Juba the Son of King Ju- ha^ then a Lad, {s) whom he caufed to be led befon him in his Triumph inftcad of his Father. How- ever from this Captivity he gained the benefit of ha ving a Roman Education, {t) whereby he became oni of the learnedeft Men of the Age in which he lived in regard vihtrtio Augufius afterwards made him Kinj of GetuUa in Africa^ and gave him in marriage Cleo' fatra Selene the Daught.er of Qiiecn Cleopatra b] Marc Antony. The eminentefi: of his Works wa his Roman Hiftory^ v/hich he wrote in Greek^ and i quoted often and with great approbation by the An- cients, but is now wholly loll:, as are alfo all his o- ther Works. One of them, which was of the Af fairs of AJfyria and colle£ted moftly from the Wri- tings of Berofus, would have been of great ufe to u: in the writing of this Hiftory^ had i't been fl:ill ex- tant. But before C^far left Africa (u) he gave or- ders for the rebuilding of Carthage^ and the fam( year was Corinth alfo rebuilt by his like order ^ fc that as thefe two famous Cities were deftroyed in th( delcended thofe Corinthians^ to whom St. Paul bis two Epirtles. At this time {x) Cheilitis Bajfus created greai orders in Syria. He {x) was a Roman of the firian Order and had fought on the Side oi Pom the Battel oi Pharfalia-, after that overthrow h to 'Tyre^ and there lying hid under the difguif Merchant afTociated feveral to him, that had be vourers o^ Pompefs caufe, and underhand enga] his party many of the Romcin Soldiers, that cam ther to garrifon the City. Whereon being at 1 taken notice of by Sextus C' fourth Confuljfhip, and (g) from Uyvcl-^^' began the ^r?i Julian year according nus II. lo. order of Reformation which he m year preceding. After this {h) C£^ ling into Spain there vanquifhed in the b; Mund'a the laft remainders of Pompey's Party, Cneius the eldeft of his fons, and Labienus an Varus the chief fupporters of that intereflj v having quieted that Province he returned to i the 0) ha- ng then received a requelt from Hyrca- ^Ta-^* is to permit him again to repair the nurii.io. /"alls of Jerufalem^ which Pompey had ,ufed to be pulled down, he rcadily granted it, in )niideration of the Service he had done him both Egypt and Syria -y and a Decree was accordingly ifled at Rome for this purpofej which being carryed ' Jerufakm^ Anttpater by vertue thereof immcdiate- fet about the work, whereby that City was again rtifyed as in former times. This Jofepbus tells us as done in C^far's fifth Confulfliip j and about the me time it was alfo decreed by the Senate, {q) that Honour, of him the fifth month hitherto called uintilis fhould thenceforth be called Julius from his .me, which is our Englijh July. C^far (r) had for his Collegue in this year's Con- Ifhip M. Antony 'y but intending a war againft the arthians^ for the revenging of the Death oiCrajJus^ id the Romans flain with him at the battel of Car- in) Dion CalTius lib. 47. Srnbo ibidem. (0) Dion Caflfius i. Cicero ad Atticum lib. 14, Epift. 9. (f) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. ?. 17. Y^) Dion Caffius lib. 44. Appianus de Bellis Civilibus . z. Macrobius Saturnal. lib. i. cap. 12. Cenforinus de die Natali tne I f til or tnat montn, tour days betore ne i: to fee out on it, {ti) he was murdered in the houfe by a Confpiracy of Senators. This was bafe and villanous adt, and was the more fo the prime Authors of it, Marcus Brutus^ . Brutus^ Cajfms^ and Irebonius^ and fome 01 them, were fuch as C^far had in the highell obliged 5 yet it was executed under the Notic High Heroic Virtue, in thus freeing their ( from one, whom they called a Tyrant 5 and t not wanting fuch, as are ready even in our applaud the A6t. But divine juftice declarec otherwife in this matter. For (w) it purfue one of them that were concerned herein, w a juft and remarkable revenge, that they wei man of them cut off in a iliort time after in a manner, either by their own or other men' C^far was a {x) very extraordinary perfon, of gre polite Literature, and thorough Abilities ir Arts of War and Civil Government, and of e( ligence and Application in the ufe and pi both. However many of his enterprizes b tercd upon with great rafhnefs, this abi proves, that he owed the fuccefs which he them only to an over-ruling power of Provic his fide, which having fct him up as a fit ini for the work which he brought to pafs, can- thorough all dangers and hazards to the full {s) Appian de Bellis Civilibus lib. 2. Velleius Paterculus lib. Dion Caflias lib. 41. p. 200. lib. 43. in fine, {t} PI Cicerone. (u) Pluiarchus in CaEfare, Antonio, Bri Gerone. Dion CaflTms lib. 44. Sueronius in Julio Csfare c: cnt in the execution of it, he juftly had for the re- ard thereof that deltruction by which he fell. Ha- ng found in two or three of his attempts the hand ■ Providence with him, he afterward prefuming -reon often ventured on very hazardous underta- ings without having any other profpedb of fucceed- ig in them, than from the Confidence which he had I that which he called his good Fortune 5 and he sver failed in any of them. For (^) he fought fifty ittels without miffing of fuccefs in any of them un- fs at Pharus, where he fwam for his Life, and once : Dyrrachium. And in thefe battels he is faid to have ain {y) eleven hundred ninety two thoufand men, rhich fufficiently proves him to have been a terrible courge in the hand of God for the punifhment of le wickednefs of that Age in which he lived ; and onfequently he is to be reputed the greatefl pefl id plague that mankind then had therein. But not- rithflanding this his A61:ions have with many acqui- ^d great Glory to his name, whereas true Glory is ue only to thofe who benefit, not to thofe who de- :roy mankind. The murder of C^far (z) was followed with great llonfufions and Difturbances all over the Roman Em- ire. Antony being Conful, {a) headed the Cafarean ^arty, and {a) by an oration made at C^far's funeral D far excited the people againft the murderers, that hey were all forced to leave Romcj and Jntony go- erned all there, till Odiavius arrived. (^) This Of^a- (y) PlJnius ibid. {z.) Plutarchus in Caefare, Antonio, Bruto, 8c other quarter to two others of his relations, ing to carry him with him to the Parthian v he had fent him before to Apollonia on the otl the Adriatic to head his Army which he ha provided for that expedition, till he himfelf arrive to march forward with them for the \ ting of it. And there he had been (e) fix i when his Uncle was murdered. On his hei; it, (/) he immediately pafled over to Brundi Italy^ and aflbon as landed there, (/) declarin felf the adopted Son and Heir of Julius C^far, of the name of Caius OEtavius^ which he had to gone by, he called himfelf Caius Julius 06iavianus^ and by this name was afterwards 1 till that o£ Auguftus^ which was given him a Viftory at AUium^ fwallowed all the reft. Th of Cafar immediately on his afluming of it c him the Soldiery, and moft of the others tl been of his Uncle's party j and therefore as h( from thence to Rome^ he was accompanyed very numerous attendance, and all the wa] went others continually flocked into them t their refpe6bs to him. He came {g) to Naples firft of May^ from thence approaching Rome^ was met and condu6led thither by vaft num the Roman people. The next morning {i) gei bout him a great many of his Friends, he pr (c) Suetonius in Julio Carfare cap. 83. Plutarchus in Cicen (d) Plutarchus in Antonio, 6c Bruto. Suetonius in Auguft Epitome Livii lib. 17. (e) Appian. de Bcllis Civilil ^^x*^xv dCLo ut Liic v^icy. nereon taking upon him he executing of his Uncle's Will, by which he was aade his Heir, (k) a Controverfy arofe between him nd j^nfofiy^ about fome part of the deceafed's eilate j^hich the latter thought to have fwallowed^ but fieir main conteft was, which of them ihould' fuc- eed C^far in his power and intereft, concerning Jhich each having put themfelves upon the utmoi? Tuggle, the adopted Ton carryed it againft the other, oth m the favour of the People, and the number t the Soldiery that reforted to him. Whereon (I) Utony was forced to quit Rome, and leave O^avia^ 'is in the fole raallery there, both of the Senate and eople; which management, m thus overwitting one 'ho had been fo long experienced in all the affairs 3th of Peace and War, was a great infcance of wif- Dm in fo young a man, he being then no more than ghteen years old, and going of the nineteenth. For t) he was born on the ixth of the Kalends of O^^- r, /. e. September the zjd, in the year before Chrift ;, and therefore did not compleat the ipth year of s Age, till the i^d of September m this year (n) ntony finding he could not with the utmofl of his ideavours make himfelf ftrong enough to overpower ^avianus either in Rome or Italy, marched with all e forces he could get together into Gallia Cifhhma, ith defign to difpofTefs Decmus Brutus of that Pro^ nee, who was lately veiled in it by a decree of the (k) Plutarchus in Antonio, £c Cicerone. Dion Caffius lib ac Ap- 11. ibid Epitome Livii lib. ,,7. (/) Plutarchus. Appian, 8c Dioa (lius Ibid. {m) Suetonius in Augudo cap. j-. Aulus Gelliu: lib. cap. 7, Dion CalTius lib c6 n ^nr, /^\ ni........ ^ • * of Bithynia with three Legions of Soldiers to fi (lance o£ Murais^ the Siege of Afamca \\ third time renewed and carryed on, till Cajjiu and did put an end to it. C<£far [p) a little his death had appointed Comificius to go inti and take on him that Government, but aft Dolahdla^ who fucceded Ccefar in his Confulf had it affigned to him by the Senate, and (r) cm was fent into Africa. But {s) Caffius gett to Syria before Dohhella feiled that Province 1 lence. For finding that the Ccefareans prev; Italy^ he and Brutus left that Country, and to Athens^ where refolving on a new War w Cdefareans^ in order to raife money and forces Brutus feifed Greece and Macedonia^ and Cajjius Syria^ and the Eafl. Hlrtius and Panfa being the Confuls of th ing year, {t) entered on their Oi Hrclnils^' the firll o? January y and M. Ant ll!Ti,' ing declared by the Senate a pubhc my, becaufe of the War which niade upon Decimus Brutus^ and his befieging in Mutina^ both the Confuls and O^avianus i niiflion with them were fent to his Relief raifing of that Siege, in the attempting wh W Appian. de Bellis Civilibus lib, 3. Dion Caflius lib. 4;; (f) Cicero ad Familiares lib. ii. Epifl:. i8, & 19. (({) PJi Cicerone. Dion CafTius lib. 45-. p. 277. Appian lib. 3. p. $y ffo. [r) Appian. de Bellis Civilibus lib. 4. p. 620. Ci^ xniliares lib. 12. Epift. 21. (;) Piatarchus in Antonio, 8c iephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap, 18. & dc Bcllo Jiidaico lib. i. cap, nu5 ds Bellis Civilibus lib. 2, 8c 4. Dion CalTius lib. 47. p. 22 xiiaiiva^ ) fent to Ckopatr Queen of Egypt for her affiftance, and be- ing as often denyed> and hearing alfo, that ^yrca^* fhe was fending on the other fide Ships to nusll. 2 the aid of the Triumvirs, refolved to make War upon her. defar had made her Qiieen arr( the Alexandrian War, and for form's fake joyned h( years old, and thereby become capable of fharii Royal Authority, as well as the name, {q) fhe him away by poifon, and at this time reigned in Egypt 'y and fince fhe had received her Cro\ the favour of Cafar^ it was a generous Gratitu her not to fend any Aid to his Murderer -, and by (r) Ihe drew the anger of Caffius upon her. as he was on his way to invade her, {s) he wj led back by Brutus^ who by Letters after L prefTed him to come and join him againfl: the umvirs. For they (/) had now gotten toi an Army of forty Legions, and had paft eig them over the Adriatic^ and were following wi reft to fall upon him. Hereon Caffius (u) lea Nephew of his with one Legion to govern Si his abfence, marched with all the reft towards ius^ and (w) joyned him near Smyna in the 1 jijia^ where finding themfelves Mafters of all Macedonia to the Euphrates^ excepting only the ans and the Rhodians^ {x) they thought it not ( nient to leave two fuch potent maritim powe fubdued behind them. And therefore befon paiTed any further weftward, (x) Brutus marcl gainft the Lycians^ and Caffius failed with the againft the Rhodians^ and after they had bi both thefe People under them, {y) they again ed at Sardisy (x) and from thence pafTed over th {ci) Jofephus Aatiq. lib. i 5-, cap. 4. Porphyrius in Grascis E Scaligcri. (r) Appiaii ibid. {s) Plutarchus in Brut piani>s ibid. {t) Appian. de Bellis Civilibus lib. 4. p. 6i (u\ AoDJan ibid. /w^ Plnfarrlin<; in Rriiro Dion CafTnis h.Paul afterwards wrote one ot his Lpiltles) both Ar- nies met, where after a terrible Battel fought be- ween them, Cafar's murderers were vanquifhcd, and >y the juft retribution of Divine Vengeance upon hem, they were both of them, that is Caffius firif, nd afterwards Brutus^ forced to murder themfelves, nd what was moil fignal herein, they both did it vith the fame Swords, with which they had mur« [ered him. After this 06iavianus returned to Rome^ nd Antony 4?a{red on into Afia to fettle the Eafteni Vovinces. Thefe matters are more fully related by ^lutarch in the Lives of M. Antonius and Brutus^ and •y Appian^ Dion Caffius^ and others > but it not being ly purpofe to write the Roman Hiftory, I meddle mh. it no otherwife than as it may ferve to illuftrate hat of the Jews^ which is the main fubje£b of this Vork. Aflbon as Caffius was gone out of Syria {d) the 'a6tion of Malichus at Jerufalem rofe in arms to re- enge his death upon the Sons of Antipater^ and ha- ing gained on their fide Hyrcanus^ and alfo Fmlii^ he Commander of the Roman forces left at Jsrufa* ?^, did put all into an uproar in that City, and at he fame time a Brother o'^ Malichus' % took pofieffion f Majfada and feveral other Caflles in Judaea by the {a) Appian commutes them to have hem ninety feuen thoufani Horfe and <^ot, Bsfides other fcattir'mg Tyrces that followed them. Appian. de Bellis 'ivilibus lib. 4,. p. 640. (b) Antony hi his Speech to the Afian Greeks t Ephefus /li//^, they were twenty eight Legions, and amount eed to an kim' red and feventy thoufand men. Appian de Bellis Civiiibus lib. 5*. p. 674. :) Plutarch, in Bruto, & Antonio. Dion Cafllus lib. 47. Appian. de Bdlis rufalem j and when Herod was returned both Bi together foon maftered this faction every whei and recovered Maffadaag^Lin from them, and al places which they had taken 5 and when th( thus fettled all matters again in peace, they upbraided Hyrcanus with ingratitude in favouri adverfe fadion againft them, when it was to liltance and wife adminiftration of Antipatev Father, that he owed all that he had. Bi match being about this time fet on foot betwe( rod and Mariamne the Grandaughter of Hyrcam reconciled all differences between them. However Peace did not long continue. Tl prefled fa6tion foon revived again under anothei (f) For they called to them Antigonm the y Son of Ariftohulus^ and under the pretence of ring him to his Father's Throne, raifed new bances in the Country. Ariftohulus his Fathei Alexander his eldell Brother being dead, he of the Family claimed the Kingdom, which hulus had been poflelFed ofj and herein he wa ported by Marion King of 'tyre^ Fahim Gov of Damafcus^ and Ptolemy the Son of Menmeus of ChalciSy the firft of thefe engaged in thi out of the hatred he bore to Herod^ the fecc the Money which was given to hire him i; and the lafl by reafon of the Affinity that v tween their Families 5 for he had married a of Antigonus'^. After Ariftobtdus had been pi by the Pompeians^ and Alexander his fon behe Antioch^ as hath been above related, and the was thereby brought to great Diftrefs, this i vas Imitcen tor one ot the aaugnters named Alexan- Iria. But Philippion taking the fame liking to her narried her on the way, for which his father put \m to death on his return, and then married her limfelf. And by reafon of this Affinity he did ail he :ould to promote the intereft of Antigonus (h) who )eing thus affifted by him, and the others mentioned, jot an Army into the field for the purfuing of his ^retenfions. But Herod encountring him on his firlt ntering into Judaea gave him a total overthrow, and hen recovering what Marion had taken in Galilee le returned to Jerufalem with Vi6tory and Triumph. Antony {t) having after the vi6tory at Philippi paf- zd over into Afta to fettle all matters there n the Intereft of the Conquerors, exadted '^^l^^V' ;rievous Taxes and Contributions in all nusll.23. 'laces for the payment of his Soldiers, and he fupport of the exceffive Luxury, which he henceforth gave himfelf up unto. Where-ever he ame after his arrival in thofe parts, he had his Cham- er-door every Morning thronged at his Levee by Lings and Princes from the Ealtern Countries, or by Lmbaffadors from others of them to folicit his fa- our, and feveral of them brought with them their ¥ives and Daughters, that proftituting them to his jft they might thereby the better obtain their ends. Lmong other AmbafTadors that came to him, {k) bere were feveral of principal Note from the Na- lon of the Jewsy who were fent to accufe Phafael (g) Jofephus ^tiq. lib. 14. cap, 13. (h) Jofephus Antiq^ 3. 14. cap. 21. 8c de Bello Judaico lib. i. cap. 10. (i ) Plu- rchas in Antnnio Dion CafTlus lib. a^. Annian Ap RpIIi'c ("itfilibue ligiitions rrom Antipater^ when he lerved und( hinius in Jud^a^ for his fake much favoured his and Herod on this account had ever after a verj interell; with him. Not long after {m) there c; him other AmbaOadors out of JtuUa from Hy to pray that the Lands and Territories which had taken from the ^^zc;^ might be rellored> ar all of that Nation, whom Cajjius had unjulli into Slavery, might be again let free> both Petitions were readily granted, {n) At Tarfia^ patra Queen of Egypt came to him, being fum to anfwer an Accufation againll her, as if fhe ] voured the intereft of Caffius. On her arrival t by the Charms of her beauty and her wit, fli( him into thofe Snares, which held him enfla her as long as he lived, and in the end cau ruin. On {o) his coming into Syria he dep( the Tyrants, which Caffius had made in that try. For on his going from thence to the A gainll the Triumvirs, for the raifing of mor the expences of that CKpedition {p) he canton the greatell part of that Country into fmall paliiies, and fold them to thofe who would gi^ for them i and thus was it that Marion^ wh been mentioned, [q) came to be King of Tp Daphne near Antioch (r) an hundred of the Pj Jews came to him in another EmbafTy with th complaints againil the Sons of Antipater as tl (/) Jofephus ibid. (m) Jofcphus ibid, (n) Plut Antonio. Dion CafTius lib. 48. Appianus de Bellis Civilibus li fephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 23. {0) Appianus de Bellis iffinity which he had newly connTi6lcd w'nh Herod w [he Eipouf:i!s of his Grandaughter. Whereon ^n- tony^ being ocherwife inclined to favour the two Bro- thers for the reafon above mentioned, made them both Tetrarchs, and coinmitted all the affairs of Ju- iaa to their adminiflration> and having imprifonec fifteen of the AmbafTadors would have put them to death, but that Herod faved them by his Interceflion, However they did not give over their Solicitation, For {s) on Antony\ coming to 'Tyre^ inilead of the former hundred there carne thither a thoufind to him with the fame Accufations againft the two Brothers, which Antony looking on as a Tumult rather than an Embaffy, caufed them to be fall'n upon by his Sol- diers, whereon feveral of them were flain, and more wounded. Antony wanting money to pay his Army (/) fent all his Horfe to Palmyra to take the Plunder' of that Ci- cy inllead of their Pay. This was an ancient City in Syria formerly called 'Tadmor. The holy Scrip"- [ures (u) make mention of it by this name, and tell LIS that it was btrilt in the Defarc bv Solomon King oi [frael (w) after his having vanquiihed and brought Luider him the Kingdom of Hamath Zoha^ in which it was fituated. When the Greeks became Mailers Df thofe Countries, they {x) gave it the name of Pal- myra^ which it retained for feveral Ages after > and under it, about the middle of the thu'd Century af- ter Chrift, grew famous by being made {j) the Seat (0 Jorephus ibidem. (t) Appian. de Beilis Civilihus lib, 5", '«) I Kings ix. 18. 2 Chron, viii. 4. (w) i Chron. riii. ?. which are {zj the mod anguil that are at prefer where to be found 5 and thefe truly prove how the Magnificence, Riches, and Splendor of th: cient and noble City was in former times. It i miles north of Damafcus on this fide the Eupk at the dillance of a day's Journey from that I The Situation of it is much like what that of wonia in the Defarts of Libya is defcribed to been. For (a) it is built on an Illand of firm J which lies in the midft of a vafl; ocean of Sand i dy Defirts funounding it on every fide. Its n bourhood to the Euphrates having placed it i confines of two potent Empires, that of the thians on the Eafl, and that of the Romans o Weft, it hapned often, that in times of War were grinded between both. But in times of they made themfelves fufficient amends (b) by Commerce with each of them, and the great R which they gained thereby. For the Caravans Perfta and India^ which now unload at Aleppo^ < thofe times unload at Palmyra^ and from thenc caftern Commodities which came over-land carried to the next Ports on the Mediterranean from thence tranfmitted into the Weft, and thi flern Commodities being through the fame brought from the faid Ports to this City were loaden on the fame Caravans, and on their 1 carried back and difperfed over all the Eail. S( as ^r^, 'and afterwards Alexandria^ were the Marts for the Eaftern Trade, that was carried c Sea 3 Palmyra was for fomc time the chief Mai .......J, nwui^c in LUC uciign, i-iaa Detore their arrivi removed all their Families and EfFeds to the othe iide ot the Euphrates, where the invaders not bein' able to come at them they were forced to returr without the Prey they came for> and on their recefi the Palmyrenians came back again to their Houfes" ind being exafperated by this ill ufage did thence^ rorth put themfelves under the Protea:ion of the Par- 'bians, which became one of the principal Caufes oi :he fecond Parthian War. Cleopatra (d) having accompanyed jfntony as fir as ^yre there took her leave of him, and returned into ^i'//, but left him fo enfnared in the fetters of A- riour to her, that he could not flay long behind, and herefore (e) having appointed Plancus to be hisLieu- enant in Leffer Afta^ and Saxa in Syria, he made haft- fter her to Alexandria, and there (/) fpent thewho^e nfuing Winter with her in a moft fcandalous coi> erlation of Luxury and Lafcivioufnefs. In the In- ^rim (g) all Syria and Palefline being grievouflv op- i-efled with the Taxes which were impofed on them 0 the Aradlans and fome others flew thofe who were nt to gather them, and thereon joyned with the almyrenians, and thofe Tyrants whom ArUony had jpoled, (/) for the calling in of the Parthians a- Lmft him, which put the whole Country in the ut- oft mifery and confufion. For the {k) Parthians on {c) Appian. ibid. (,/; Appian. ibid. [e) Dion Caffius lib. 40 p^an.ibid. ^/) Piutarchus in Antonio. Appian. ibid. ( g) Uvok iTius ibid, {h) Eulebius in Chronico. DionCaffius ibidem. Ths Aradians ■e the Inhahit ants of the Iflmd of Aradius \n Syria. (\) Appian. ibid one of the cbiefeil of his Friends ^ but ahe going over to Pompey became the bittcreil of ] nemies, and was {??i) ilain fighting againll him battel of Munda. His Son puriaing the fcim* relt {n) was Cent by Brutus and Caffius a little the battel of Philippi in an EnjbalTy to the Pc King to pray his aid for that War^ and was ting this matter at the Parthian Court, whe Battel hapned j by the ill iliccefs whereof (o) difcouraged from any more returning he contir that Country, and {o) having prevailed with K rocks to undertake this War (p) was fent with 1 the King's Son to be under him the chief Co; der in it. On their entering Syria (q) they var ed Saxa in battel and forc'd him to flee into and after this having divided the Army betwecr Lahienus with one part of it purfued Saxa ini cia^ and having there ilain him (r) over-ran all t fer Jfia-y and forcing Plancus to flee thence ii Ifles brought all places under him as far as tl lefpont and the Egean Sea. And at the fam Pacorus with the other part of bis Army {s) ( all Syria and Phosnicia^ as far as Tyre^ which flood out againft him. For the Remainder {I) Caefaris Comment. Plutarchus in Ccefare, 8c Pompei< {m) Hirtius in Comment, de Beilo Hifpanienli. {n) Die lib. 48. L. Florus lib. 4. cap. 9. Vclleius Paterculus lib. 2. cap, (6) Dion Caffius lib. 48. p. 371. (p) Dion Caffius ibid, v Parthicis. L. Florus lib. 4. cap. 9. (^) Dion Caffius lib. i ibidem. Epitome Livii lib. izy. Velleius paterculus lib. 2. ci (r ) Dion Caffius ibid. L. Florus UK 4. cap. 9. Plutarchus in Appian. in Syriacis & Parthicis, &: de Bellis Civilibus lib. 5-. : Ills /Arrairs in iicny ^ us wen a^ iii oyiia, id Lefer Afta^ early in the enliiing Spring X,^^{ )ok his leave of Cleopatra to carry a Rc- ledy to them. For {u) in 7/^?/}', Fulvia his Wife, id Lucius Antonius his Brother, (who had been bnful the preceding yearj having under the pre- nce of fupporting his interell, engaged in a War ^ainft OUa'viayms were vanqiiifhed by him, and after le taking of Ferufia^ (where Lucius had fuffered a >ng and {w) hard Siege in thisCaufe) were both dri- zw out of that Country. And what was the ftate of .ffairs in Syria and LejJ^er Afia hath been related, or the removing of thefe Evils, {%) he firlt failed to P'e 'j but on his putting in there, (j/) finding all the 'ountry round in the hands of the Parthians^ and :;) receiving alfo in that place lamentable Letters of Dmplaint from Fulvia concerning her Sufferings ■om O^avianus^ he neglected the foreign Enemy ) make War upon the Domeftic, and failed into '-•aly with two hundred fail of Ships againft Otlavia- '4S'y but on his arrival thither receiving an account 0 that Fulvia was dead at Sicyon^ hearkned to the ivice of his Friends for the making up of all dif- jrences with O^avianus by marrying O^avia his ifter, who had lately become a Widow by the death f Marcellus her former Husband, [a] on which Terms (t) Plutarchus in Antonio. Appian. de Bdlis Civilibus lib. f. Dion alTius Kb. 4.8. («) Plutarchus in Antonio. Dion Caflius lib. 48, ppian. de Bellis Civilibus lib. 5-. Velleius Paterculus lib. i. cap. 74. v) The place was jamilhed into a Surrender, hence Pernlina fames grew be a Vroverb. (x) Plutarchus 8c Appiauiis ibid. (y) Dion auius ibid. (z) Plutarchus ibidem.- (a) Plutarchus in dus had the Provinces or Africa ^y Uctavtanus^ j tia^ the two Gallia's^ Spaln^ and Sardinia -y an tony all the Eaftern Province beyond the A And the War againft the Parthians was com to his charge, and that againft Sextus Pompeius had fei zed Sicily) to O^a'vianus -y and Italy^ it greed, fhould be common to them both for tl fing of Forces for thefe Wars. In the mean time, Lahienus (b) ravaged all i. fer Jfta-y And {c) Pacorus having taken in Sid PtokmaiSj fent a Party to invade Judaea for tl king of Antigomis the Son of Ariftohulus Ki that Country. For Ptolemy the Son of M Prince of Chalcis {d) dying this year, (e) Lyfan Son, who fucceeded him in that Principality, '. a great Interefl with Barzapharnes^ a chief mander of the Army that followed Pacorus^ c fted with him in the behalf of Antigomis^ (to he was ullyed in the manner as hath been above tioned) that for a thoufand Talents, and five hi Jewifh Women to be given to the Parthians b tigonusj they fhould reftore him to his Father's domj which Contract being confented to an fyed by Pacorus^ he fent from Ptolemais 2l part Army under the Command of his Cup-bearer, alfo Pacorus^ to put it in execution. Whereo tigonus having gotten together an Army of from about Mount Carmel^ and elfewhere, ma with them into Jud^a^ and the (/) Cup-beare {b) Plutarchus ibid. L. Florus lib. 4. cap. 9. Dion Caflius lib. pian. in Syriads ^x. Parthicis, de Pellis Civilihus lib. ^. (c) Antiq. lib. 14. cz'^. 2|. 6c de Bello Judaico lib. 1. cap. fi. {d) '\ /lountain of the Temple, and the other Party fei- ed the Palace 5 and from thefe two places, as the lead Quarters of the two Parties, they frequently lUied upon each other 5 and thefe Hollilities were ontinued between them till the Feafl of Pentecoft, /hen great numbers of People coming to Jerufalem *om all parts to this Holy Solemnity, and fome joyn- ig on one fide, and fome on the other, this produ- ed fuch great di(lra61:ions, and fuch fhedding of lood in every part of the City, as moved both Par- es to think of a Compofure of thefe Troubles, lereon Antigonus fubdoloufly propofed the calling in f the Cup-bearer to arbitrate all Differences be- ween them. (For he having followed Araigonus ac- cording to the Orders of his Mafter, was then with is Forces encamped without the Walls of the City.) Vhich Propofal being accepted of, the Cup-bearer ath five hundred of his Horfe was received into 'erufalem^ and he taking his lodging at PhafaeV% oufe, and being there kindly entertained as hisGueft, lade ufe of this Opportunity to work his Hoft into ich a confidence in him, as to be drawn by his •eacherous Perfuafions to go on an Embafiy to Bar- apharnes Avho then governed Syria under Pacorus) ; being made believe by this fubtile Parthian^ that was the certainefb way to gain fuch a Settlement of is Affairs, as would be beft to his content. An4 lerefore taking Hyrcanus along with him, he went n this Journey, wholly againft the Opinion of He* ?^, who having no faith in the Parthians^ blamed is Brother's credulity in this matter. The Cup- earer conduced them on their way with part of his 7UU/ at-C^-UUHJti V.K) tlJVw XJlK^iKiCi LUaL, VV\^lO ^XVV-1 But ailbcn as (by computing the time) he coik this was done, {g) he caufed both Phafael and . nus to be feized and put into Chains. Herod 1 timely intelligence hereof, before any part of t tended Treachery could be executed upon hiri away from Jerufakm in the night, taking wit all his Family, and the beft of his EfFc6ls, many Soldiers in his pay as he had then at hai their Guard, and made the beft of his way tc Majfada (b) which was a Caftle built on the i a very high Mountain near the weft lide of the Jfphaltites^ and the ftrongeft Fortrefs in al Country. In his march thither he was feveral aftauked both by the Partbiam purfuing him, i fo by the Je-zus of the oppofite Fa6bion, but thefe Confli6ls he had the better of them 5 a ving more efpccially in one of them, whic fought with the Jews of Antigonus's Party at 1 ftance of about {cvtn miles from Jerufakm^ go more remarkable Advantage, than in any of tli he there afterwards built a very famous (/) called Herodium in memory of it. On his com ReJJa in Idu7n^a^ his brother Jofeph met hirr fuch further Forces as he could get together i aftiftance. But on their drawing near to M that place not being capable of containing i Company, Herod difmifted nine thoufand of Of the reft he put eight hundred into the ' with his Mother, Sifterj and the other won ( g) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 25-. & de Bello Judaic LMgned as King of that Country. Herod having laid lany Obligations upon him by former KindnefTesand Services, thought to have found him his friend in his time of need; but he being one, who like many thers would not own a friend in adverfity, aflbon as le heard of Herod's cafe, fenc to him to depart his )ominions5 pretending for it the command of the ^arthians, Heieon Herod difmiffing moft of thofe hat had hitherto followed him, went dire6lly for E- ypt^ and on his coming to Rhinocorura in his way hither, he there had an account of the death of ^hafael his Brother. For (/^) the Parthians^ when they found Herod jone from Jerufalem^ after having firft plundered the )lace and all the Country round, made Antigonus^ ac- :ording as they had agreed witii him. King of Ju- ^aa^ and delivered Hyrcanus and Phafael in Chains o him. Phafael knowing his death to be dctermi- led, to prevent the Executioner beat out his Brains gainft the Wall of the Prifon. Hyrcanus's Life vas fpared, but to incapacitate him from being any onger High-Prieft, Antlgoniis caufed his Ears to )e cut off, (^for (/) no one was according to the ^evitical Law to be Priefl: or High-Prielt among he Jews ^ who was not pcrfe6t and whole in all he parts and members of his body) and after this lelivered him back again to the Parthians to be :arryed by them into the Eaft, that being fo far )ff he might not be in the way to diflurb him, md accordingly on their return they carried him ;o Seleucia^ and foon after there hapned a reafon, 3ucn lucceis, as loon ciearea an tne Koman i er of them. His paflage into Jfia (n) was wit fpecdy expedition, that arriving thither much than expe6i:ed5 he furprifed Lahienus with the { nefs of his coming, beforeihe was prepared to wi him. For he had then none of the Parthian with him, but only fuch Forces as were mad* Roman Deferters, and thofe Afiatic's which gathered up in Syria^ Phoenicia aad Lejjer Afta his coming over the Euphrates. And therefo daring to ftand the approach of a Roman An retreated before them as faft as he could, till h to Mount to 'Taurus^ where having by the ad^ of the Mountains encamped in fuch a place a red him from being forced to a battel, he feivt €onis for adi (lance s hereon an Army of Pa coming thither to his Aid, they had the Ro7. fuch Contempt, becaufe of their former Vi6tc ver them, that they engaged Ventidius^ before nus could come to joyn them, and therefore be verthrown in this battel, and moft of them Pieces, they received the reward which was due to their Prefumption. Lahienus' s Soldien terrifyed with this defeat of the Parthians all ed him and fled, every one Ihifting as well could for himfelf: whereon Ventidius purfuin^ them, flew fome of them, and having taken t lifted them among his own Forces. Lahienus n his efcape in a difguife for fome time fculked in Cilicia from one hiding-place to another, length being difcovered by Demetrius (a freed-i Julius C^efar'sy whom Antony had made Gov icorus s Lieutenants, had leiled the palTes leading :o Syria^ and thereby endeavoured to hinder his rther progrefs. But Ventidius falling on them, flew eir General, and gained a fecond Vi6i:ory over em as confiderable as the former,, and then with- t any further oppofition pafTed on into Syria. 'hereon (^) Pacorus calling all his forces to him irched back with all the hafte he was able, and re- (fing the Euphrates left Syria and all elfe on this e that River wholly to the Romans^ and all agaia thofe Countries returned to their former fubjedi- to them excepting only the Aradians^ who by ifon of their having flain thofe that were fent thi- er to gather their Taxes, defpairing of pardon held t for fome time, till they were at length reduced force of Arms. In the interim {q) Herod from Rhinocarura went to lujium^ and from thence to Alexandria^ where ta- ig Ship, he pafTed by the way of Rhodes and •undufium to Rome^ and there applying to Antony^ quainted him of the lamentable State all his affairs Jiid£a were then in 5 and earneflly prayed his Aid. Antony^ on the account of the Friendfhip which had firft with his Father, and afterwards with n, pityed his cafe, and for the fake of a great fum money promifed, undertook to help him, and did ich more for him than he expefted. For whereas I utmofl: of his defign was to have obtained the '&) Dion CafiTius ibid. Appian. in Parthicis. Epitome Livii lib. 127. L. 'US lib. 4. cap. 9, Plutarehus in Antonio. {^) Dion CalTius Appian. ibid. Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 26. & de Beilo Judaico lib. Antony procured, that the Crown was given contrary to the Cuflom of the Romans co pradtiled by them in this cafe. For they ufe pafs over the Royal Line of any dependan dom, and grant the Crown to one that was to it. B'dt OEkivianus being prevailed wit! vour the defign, partly to gratify Jntony^ an out of Gratitude to the Family of yf/////j^/^r feafonable help brought by him to Julius ( Egypt-i their joint intereft was not to be wi And therefore Mejfala and Atratiniis two nob tors, having introduced Herod into the Sen there fct forth the merits of him and his Fa ward the Jloman People, and the demerits c gonus^ and Antony having added that it would advantagiotis to him in his carrying on the j war to have Herod King of Ju'd^a^ the Rqy nity was decreed to him by the unanimous of the whole Senate, and Antlgonus was dec! Enemy to the Ro?nan State. And on the the Senate Herod was conduced by the Con other Magiifrates up to the Capitol, Oclavii ing on one fide of him, and Antony on the and the Decree being there depofired am publick records of the State, he was thereon iy inaugurated into the Kingdom according Roman Ufage. Having had fo good and exp fucccfs in this matter he made all the hafte ba< into Judcea that he was able. For having orily ^c\fcn days at Rome for the difpatch whole Affnr, he returned to his Ships at ^av;Luu., oiuL'i, acu ouicr f TienQs, that were rnut up 1 MaJJada. For (^/) Antigonus had bcfieged thern nth a clofe Siege ever fince his departure, and had ncc brought them to fo great a diftrefs for want of Mter, that Jofcph had refolved to attempt defperatc- ' to break through the Bcfiegers, and flee unto ialchiis in Arabia. For he liad heard that Malchus jd repented of his unkindnefs to Herod^ and was )w much better inclined to him and his Party. But le Night before he intended to have put thisdefian Execution, there fell fuch plentiful Showers 1)f am, as filled all their Cifterns, and thereby put lem m a Capacity of holding out till Herod came id relieved them. And to relieve them being what ' had moil at heart, (efpecially for the fake of M^- imne his late betrothed Miflrefs, who was a Lady the greateil Beauty, and the greatell Merit of any her tmie) he did all he could to provide for it. )r immediately on his return he fet himfelf to raife sn, hiling into his Service as well foreigners as "ws^ and with thofe and fuch Roman Auxiliaries as received from Fentidius and Silo his Lieutenant m ilefline^ he made himfelf mailer of all Galilee^ fome V places only excepted. After this he endeavoured get at MaJjada^ but not thinking it fafe to leave llrong a place as Joppa behind hhn in the hands of Enemies he took in that firil, and then proceed- ; to the place intended, and having there raifed ' Siege, and received all his Friends, he took in (fa a llrong Fortrefs in Idum^a^ and marching back ned Silo^ whom Fentidius had left in Judcea^ for ^ Tni^nKnc A«.: VJng appeared berore jerujaiem^ and thereby rr Antigonus to part with ail the money he cou together, for the purchafing of his departu inarched back into Syria, with the grofs of his leaving iS'i/tf with the rell in Judaa. And with tl joyned Herod^ but did him more hurt than gooi following the fame method which Fentidius had given him an example for, he managed this no other manner, than as it might bring mol ney into his own Pocket, receiving great Sum; Herod to promote his interefi:, and at the fam greater from Antigonus to hinder it 5 fo that p booty on both fides, he fqueezed each of th the utmofl, and truly ferved neither. He ] Herod indeed in reducing Joppa^ and on his from Majfada went with him to the Siege of j lem^ but there managed that matter fo, that 1 couraging his Soldiers to mutiny on prcter wanting neceflaries he made it end only in th cage oi Jericho to the utter ruin of that plac( then difmiil the Army into winter Quarters > he made Herod provide for them in Idumaa^ Sa and Galilee. This year was born to Afinius Pollio Cor Rome (u) a fon, whom from his taking of iS*^ City in Dalmatia he called Saloninus-y on his Plrgil made his fourth Eclog, and therein atti to him, what was then generally talked, firlt I Jews^ and afterwards from them by others, > Kingdom of the Mejjiah., who was fpeedily 1 pear, and reflore the Righteoufnefs and Blifs < [^hnfl would truly be all that this h^clog defcnbes ic :o be, would men but keep the Laws thereof. Where ill do good to all, there is Heaven > and where all io evil to all, there is Hell> and according as the 3ne or the other prevails, fo we have an Heaven or m Hell here on Earth. The Law o^ Chrifl is truly ind exa6tly calculated for the former j and were the Highteoufnefs, Juftice, and Charity, which it enjoins Fully obferved, then all would do good to all, and a State of Blifs would be eftabliihed among Men here on earth, next that which is enjoyed by the Saints in Heaven. And all that is faid of the Golden Age by the Poets, or of the Kingdom of the Mejjiah by che Prophets of Ifrael^ would truly be verifyed in this Life 5 and that it is not fo, is wholly owing to che wickednefs of men, who by their malice, violencCj ind uncharitablenefs obftrudt what otherwife the Law of Chrift would effect, and thereby introduce an Hell inftcad of an Heaven among us. {x) Herod^ though he had put Silo's Soldiers into winter Quarters, (till kept the Field with his own> one part of which he fent into ^^^^^^ Idttmtea^ under the Command of his Brother nusf° JofepJo to fecure all there to his intereft, with the reft he marched to Samaria,, and having there placed his Mother, Sifter, and all his other Friends which he brought from Majfada^ under a fafe Guard^ he pafted on into Galilee^ and there reduced Sepphoris. and all other places, which held for Antigonus in thai Country, and after that betook himfclfto rid it ol thofe bands of Thieves and Banditti,^ which at thai more than at this time. For the fuppremng of Herod marched with all his Forces againft thei all were fcarce enough. For theie Robbers joyned their Forces together made fuch an 1 gainft him, that at firft Herod' ^ left wing was the rout, till he himfelf came up in perfon \ ther Forces to their relief j whereon having the Victory, he purfued them as far as the Jordan^ and there drove them all out of the try, excepting only fome few, who lurking fheltered themfelves in the Caves and Faftnc the Mountains. After this he gave his Sol Donative of one hundred and fiity Drachms and difmift them into winter quarters. Whil lay there, he took care by the agency o^ Phen Brother to furnifh them, and alfo the Romans und with plenty of Provifionsj and alfo took care fame time by the fame Perfon for the re-edifyi new fortifying of the Caftle of Alexandrium. foon astheSeafon ofthe year would allow him the Field, he marched again into Galilee to ri6 ii remainder of thofe Thieves, who flill infefte Country from the Caves and Holes of the tains, where they had taken Shelter. But h come at them was the Difficulty. For by re the cragginefs and fteepnefs of thofe Mountain was no Icaling them from below, and to get to them from above by any pafTcige, was altc as unpra61:icable> and therefore to ferret them their Dens, he was forced to make certain < and filling them v/ith Soldiers to let them dov the Entrances of thofe Caves by Chains from '. u„ .,,u;^K -avage all round about them. But Herod on notice lereofcommg back again foon made them pay dear or It For ferretting them out of all their hidincr loles he cut ofF the moft of them, deftroyed all thei? Places of rerreat, and deeply fined all of the Country hat had afforded them any Relief or Countenance )y which neceffary rigour he at length reflored full )eace and fecurity to all Galilee. In the interim {y) Antony was at Athens there pendmg this wmter with his new wife O^avia ia he fame excelTes of Luxury, Folly, and loofe Diver- ifements, as he had the former with Cleopatra at ilexandria. While he thus lay idle in that place, fa;) here came thither to him an account of the two ^idones gained hy Ventidius '^g^m^ the Parthiansz, Dr which he made great Rejoicing and Fealting ia bat Place. But hearing that Pacoriis was making reat Preparations for another Invafion into Syria^ e thought not fit any longer to lye ftill and leave ic It ^;^^^-"^"^ ^^ J*eap all the Laurels of this Var And therefore afibon as the Spring advanced, e left Athens with all his Forces, and marched to- ^ards the Eafi-y but before he could get thither enttdius had gained a third Viaory much Greater lan the other two, {z) whereby he fecmed to have illy revenged the death oi Crajfus, and thofe that iy) Dion Caffius lib. 48. Appian. de Bellis Civilibus lib. 5-. Plutarchus Antonio. (O K^phus Antiq, lib. 14. cap. ^■^ , Plutarchus in ironio. Appian. in Parthicis. Dion CalTius lib. 49. Strabo lib 16 7i-i. Epitome Livii 128. Juftin lib. 42. cap. 4. Julius Frontinus ratagem.iib. i. cap. i. & lib. 2. cap. 2. Velleius Patereulus lib. 2 cap . EutrODiusIib.-?. Orofias lih fi ron tQ * r* great readinefs for another Expedition into feared that they might pafs the Euphrates up( before he fhould be able to get his Army t( from the feveral Places where they were d into Quarters, for the putting of himfelf into dition to oppofe tliem> and therefore for tl venting thereof he had recourfe to this Stn There being then in his Camp under the nam Ally a petty Prince of thofe Eaftern Parts, wl knew to be a Well-wiflier and fecret Correff of the Parthians^ that communicated to them telligence he could get of the Roman Couni Defjgns, he laid a plot of ferving himfelf Man's Treachery. For taking the firft oppo that offered to difcourfe with him, and ex] himfelf as if he placed great Confidence in hin municated to him pretended fears, feigning had heard, and was thereon much concerne the Parthians waving the ufual paflage of t phrates at Zeugma^ intended now to enter Sy7 ther way at a paflage of that River much bel former. For, faid he, if they pafs at Xeug Country on this fide the Euphrates is there mo ous, where the Parthian Horfe, of which thei] moflly confiils, will not be ufeful to them j cafe they take the lower paflage, the Counti plain, and there their Horfe will have their vantage, and xh^ Romans will not be able to fl:; fore them. As foon as this conference was ov Traitor, according as Ventidius forefaw, con' full account of it to the Parthians^ and there it! full cffcf}- vvhirh was intended. For Pacorus ten CO mm otto rrom juaa^a^ unu uii lus j^cgionsnon beyond 'Taurus^ where they had been quarcer'd, h( was in full readinefs to meet xht Parthians^ affooi as they enter'd Syria -^ where having firft overwitte( them by feveral Stratagems, and artifices of War, hi at length vanquifhed them with that iignal overthrow which I have mentioned. It is remarked of this vi 6tory of the Romans^ that as it fully revenged thi vi6tory gotten over Crajfus by the Parthians-y fo (a it was gotten on the fame day of the year, on whicl the other v/as loft, juft fourteen years before. I hapned therefore in the month of June^ for in tha month the battel of Carrha was fought by Crajfus. Orodes King o£ Parthia hearing of this defeat, an( the death of his fon in it, (b) was fo overwhelmec with cxcefs of Grief for this Calamity, that he grev diftraded upon it. For feveral days he fat mute no fpeaking a word, or caring to take any meat. Ani when his Grief had at length made way for hi Tongue to exprefs it, nothing elfe could be hean from him, but the name o£ Pacorus-y fometimes h would feem to fee him, and call upon him as if pre fentj fometimes to talk with him 5 fometimes to hea him fpeaking to him j and at other times recolle6tini that he was loft, he would pour out his Lamentati ens for it with Showers of tears. And in truth ther was reafon enough for all this Grief in the prefen Cafe. For this overthrow was (c) the greateft blo\ which the Parthians had at any time till now eve received, and the lofs of the Prince was as great, i fa\ nion CafTinfi lih. An n. Anr. F?.iitrf»nius & Oroflus ihiH. vcr expreiied a greater afFc<5lion for any Prince, ever reigned over them, than they did for him. Had Fentldius after this Victory purfued a advantages of ir, he might have driven the / a?i5 out of Mefopotamia and Bahylonm^ and ext the Roman Empire to the Banks of the 'Tigris^ beyond them i but (e) he feared, he might i\ excice the envy o^ Antony againft him, and the contented himfelf with the reducing all thofe in Syria and Phoenicia^ which had revolted fro Romans in the late war, and in purfuit hereof 1: with all his Army in Commagena^ when Antony '^\ For (/) Antiochus the King of that Country [ embraced the Parthian intereft againft the Ri Ventidius made war upon him for it, and havin him up in Samofata^ the Capital of his Kin^ was then ftreightly befieging him. Antony on 1' ming thither took this War out of his hands, difmifling him from his prefidency of Syria^ a other Command, fent him to Rome^ on pretenc he might there take his Triumph for his Vi(5l but the true reafon was, {g) he envyed him th ry of them, and therefore fent him away froi Army, with which he was in great reputation, never imployed him afterwards, though on mai cafions after this time he needed fo able and e; enced a General to fight his Battels for him. ever {h) Fentidms on his return to Rome was received with all the Honour that his Vi6tori( (d) Dion CaiTius lib. 49. p. 404. (e) Plutarchus in ^ Appianus in Parthlcis, (/) Plutarchus Sc Appian, ibd. Di which was altogether as remarkable, {ij that is, he :ame to this Honour of triumphing from being led in Triumph himfelf, which no one elfe befides him- felf ever did. For in the Social War, which the /- talian Allies waged v^'ixhRome for the freedom of that City, being made a Captive at the taking o^JfcuIura. the chief City of Picenum^ by Sirabo the Father oi Pompey^ he was then, being very young, led before that General in his Triumph for the faid Victory After this his Family being brought to poverty b) the ruin and faccage of their City, he was forcec when grown up to betake himfelf to a mean and for- did imployment for his livelihood. For at firft (k) he was only a Muletier, and being ufed to provide Mule; for the carrying of the baggage of fuch Roman ^ Ma- giftrates as were fent to govern foreign Provinces. Cafar made ufe of him for this purpofe, when he went firft into G^//i^ > and having on that occafior taken notice of the a6tivity and quick apprehenfior of the man, took him with him into his Gallic \yzxs\ wherein by his Valour and other military Qualificati- ons he rofe fo fail through all the Stations of th< Camp, as that he became one of the chief of C^far\ Generals in all the Wars that he afterwards waged and on his return to the City reaped Honours then as faft as he had in the Army, being (I) firfl: mad( Tribune of the People, and afterwards (;;?) Prxto {i} Velieius Paterculus lib. z. cap. 6f. Valerius Maximus lib. 6. c^ 9. Plinus iib. 7. cap. 43. A. Gellius lib. 15-. cap, 4. Dion CafTii; lib. 49. p. 40J. (h) A. Gellius lib. 15-. cap. 4. 0) A.Ge lias ibid. (m) Dion Cafifius lib. 47. paP;. ^zr. A. Gellius ibi( and on his deccafe a publick Funeral was there for him at the charges of the Common-wealth In the interim (/>) Herod carried on his war i d^a againll Antigonus^ and Mach^ras a Roman ' ral by the order of Antony was fent with two ons and a thoiifand Horfe to his affiftancc. B his approach to the Walls of Jerufakm^ whi went with defign to confer with Antigonus^ beaten back by the Archers and Slingers that ^ cd the Rampart he fell into fuch a rage hereon on his retreat from thence he flew all the Jev. came in his way, without regarding whethe were Friends or Foesj in which wild fury many of Herod's Friends being cut off, he com bear it with any patience, and therefore went immediately to Samaria^ and from thence h towards Antony to make complaint to him ^ outrage , Of which Macharas having notice after him as fail as he could, and having ove him, prevailed wiih him to overlook what v/a and be reconciled unto him. However Herod nuing his Journey to pay his refpefcs unto u. left Jofe^h his Brother to command in Jud£a ( his abience, but with fpecial order to put ni to hazard till he fhould return. On his com Antony^ (whom he found Hill at Samofata) h received with great Honour, and in requital there did him fpecial fervice in the carrying the Siege of that place. Ventidius firft begun hath been already mentioned, and King Ant (n) Plutarchus in Antonio. (o) A. Gellius lib. ir. p, ^ lelves fo well, that (r) Antony was glad at length t< compound the m^ttcv w'ltli Aniiocbus for lefs than oni third of the fum that was offered, that fo he migh raife the Siege with Honour, which otherwife h feared he might be forced to without it, by reafoi of the difcontcnt of his own Soldiers. Far they be ing all difpleafed at the difmiflion of Fentidius^ unde whom they had gotten fuch fignal Vidories, did ve ry much refent it, and therefore executed Antony Orders in the Siege neither with that Vigour, no that Care, as was neceflary to make them fucceed After this Antony having {s) appointed Sojius to b his Lieutenant in Cilicia, Syria^ and Pakftine^ lei the i\rmy with him, and (t) failed to Athens^ an from thence to Brunelufium to confer with Odiavianu. but not finding him there at the time appointed h return'd back to Athens^ and from thence paffed t Alexandria^ and there fpent the enfuing Winter i the fame dalliances and luxurious delights with Cki patra^ as he had the winter two years before. While Herod was abfent in his attendance upc Antony^ (u) Jofeph forgetting the orders he had receiv' from him, made an expedition againft Jericho^ takin with him his own men, and five Cohorts receiv' from Mach(ieras\ but being there circumvented b the Enemy, he was himfelf ilain, and mod of h (^j Plutarchus in Antonio. Appunus in Parthicis. {r) Plut; chus Sc Appian. ibid. Dion Caffius lib. 49. p. 405-. {$) Jofepl; Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 27. 8c De Bello Judaico lib. i. cap. 13. {t) P tarchus in Antonio. Appianus De Bellis Civilibus lib. f. Dion Caff lib. 48. p. 585-. («) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 27. & De Be to Mount Lihanm^ he there raifed eight hundred and with thefe and one Roman Cohort march Ftolemais^ and from thence made War upon the vohers of Galilee. And having there received ther Cohort from Antony^ foon brought all tho gain to fubmit to him, who had in that Countr clared againfl him. And after that went to Ji for the revenging of his Brother Jofeph's death, there attempted it to his hurt. For the Jntigc in thofe parts overpowering him with numbers, his forces to the rout, and wounded Herod hi in the confli(5l. But after this having gotten men together about him, he foon grew into a I Condition for the profecuting of the War. therefore finding that Pappus a prime Genei Antigonus^s had taken the field againft him witl main flrength of that party, he engaged him in tel, and gained an abfolute Viftory over him, h ilain Pappus himfelf in the rout, and cut off mc his army with him 3 and had it not been for t verity of the winter, which now approached, I gone immediately to Jerufalem^ and made an e the war by taking that place > but the Soldiei being able to bear lying any longer abroad, h( forc'd to put them into winter quarters, and to what remained undone to the operation of the Campaign. As foon as the Spring began to come on, ('z; tony failed from Alexandria to A Andgonus 2 "^^^1'^ he had left his Wife O^iavic fince his lall going from thence for :his occafion were urged on boih fides agiiinll each jtherj but 0^7^w^ mediating between her Husband md her Brother made up all matters. And whereas :he five years were now near expiring, for which the Sovereign Government of the Roman Empire was granted to the triumvirs by the people, they (iv) pro- x)nged it for five years more by their own authority, md as long as the Sovereignty was in them, they :hought by vertue thereof they had right fo to do. After this {y) Antony returned into Syria ^ to make preparations for the Parthian war. 06favia accom- panied him as far as Corcyra, but that flie might not DC expofed with him to the dangers of that expedi- tion, he from thence fent her back into Italy there to refide till it ihould be over, (x) committing hei and the Children which he had either by her or Ful^ via to the care of 05iavianus. On Antonfs returning into Syria^ (y) O^avianm married Livia Drufilla t^e Daughter of Livins Dru- fus^ who having been one of thofe t^at were profcri bed by the triumvirs was driven thereby to take {hel ter with Brutus and Caffius-y after whofe overthroT^ at Philippic not knowing where elfe to flee, he fel on his fword and flew himfelf She was firft the wifi of tiberiu^ Nero^ and bore him tiherius C^far^ wh( fucceeded Juguftus in the Empire. On the bread that hapned between Otiavianus and Fulvia the wif of Antony he fided with the latter, whereon he wa forced after the taking of Perufia to flee out of Italy (to) Plutarchus 8c y^ppianu? ibidem. {x) Dion CalTius lib. 4I in fine. Plutirchus 8c Appianus ibidem. {y) Dion Caffias lib, 4 Dy itberius^ ana within three months ot her tir delivery. This for fome time caufed a delay the Pontifices were confulted about the lawfiih: marrying her in this cafe j But their anfwer that it was only unlawful, when it might c doubt to which Husband the next Child be her might belong 5 and it being now after fix n pregnancy pad all doubt, that the Child next born belonged to T'iberius^ OUavianus forth witl ry'd he'r, and three months after a Son being b( her, (the iGime who hereafter by the name of - will be often fpc)ken of) he wasfent lo '^''iherius^i proper Father 5 But 'Tiberius dying a little after, this Son and the other alfo were fent back to C anus to be taken care of, and bred up by hi being left their Guardian by the will of their F He had a former wife called Scribonia^ who bi him his daughter Julia. Her he divorced for 1 Temper 3 but Livia^ though {he brought hi children, continued to be his wife as long as he and always commanded his AfFe61:iQn to the laii In the (z) interim Herod having made great rations for the carrying on of this year's Cam brought a great Army into the field, and mai with it dire6llyup to the walls of Jerufakmy hk Siege to that City, and forthwith ordered the ing up of fuch works againfl: it, as were in times made ufe of for the taking of befieged ] While this was a doing he himfelf went to Sa and there confummated his marriage with (a) (z,) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. 27. in fine, &: De Bello Others of her time. The Jews of thofe times havin, generally a zealous affe6lion for the family of the Afmo rueansy Herod thought that by marrying this lady out c it, he fhould the eafier reconcile that people to him and this made him fo earneft for the confummatin of the marriage at this time. On {c) his return t his Army before Jeruftlem^ Sojius the Governour c Syria came thither to him. For being ordered hy j^i tony to do his utmoft: for the the fubduing of Antigt nusj and the putting o^ Herod in full pofleffion of th Kingdom of Judaa^ he marched into that Countr with the bed of his forces for this purpofe, and hs ving joyned Herod before Jerufalem^ they both toge ther pufhed on the Siege of that place with the ui moll vigour, and a very numerous army. For bot of them together had no fewer than {d) eleven Lc gions, and fix thoufand Horfe, befides the Syria Auxiliaries. However the place held out fever; months with a great deal of refolution, and had th military skill of thofe that defended it been equal t their valour, they could not have been fubdued. Bi their defence being made rather with boldnefs tha due order and good conduct according to the Art c War, the Romans herein much out-did them, and b {b) Hyrcanus and Ariftobulus roere brothers, as being both the Sons Alexander Jannaeus by Alexandra his ^een. (c) Jofephus I Bello Judaico ibid. Anriq. lib. 14. cap. 28. (d) Legions were of, uncertain number t as containing fometimes 4000, fometimes yooo, and ferr, times 6000 men ; according to the lowji Computation, this Army roith t Horfemen and the Syrian Auxiliaries could not b» lefs than fixty thoufa men. rated by the length of the Siege, and the grei hour and hardlliip which they had endured in ii the revenging thereof they filled all the Quartc the place with Blood and Slaughter, and rava| all over with Rapine and Devallation. Herod d he could to hinder both, but without Succefs, encouraging the Soldiers in what they did. H Herod went to him with heavy complaints aboi alledging that if the City were thus deftroyc plunder and (laughter, the Romans would make only King of a defart, and therefore defired t flop might be put to this Ravage and Cruelty > receiving no other anfwer, but that the fpoils ( City were due to the Soldiers for the reward of Labour and Valour in the taking of it, he wa ced by a fum of money to redeem the City fro further devaftations, which otherwife would been utterly ruined and dcdroyed. Antigonus feeing all loft (^) furrender'd him(( Softus^ and call hirafelf in a very fubmiiTive am je6b manner at his feet to pray his Compaffion. Sofius defpifing his cowardice and meannefs of rejected him with fcorn, and looking on fuch ; haviour as more becoming a woman than a mar Head (h) of Aritigonus by way of contempt calle( Antigona^ and forthwith ordered him to be p (e) i. e. reckoning from the time that Herod came before the plac tpas fome time before Sofius ^oyned him, and carryed on the Siege in Rton -with him. (f) Jolephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap. iS. Sc I Judaico lib. i. cap. 15. Dion CalTms lib. 49. ig) Joiephu (h) Anrigoaus ii the Mafcnlim Name, Antigona the feminine. 1 ran istroper to Men^ tbs other to Ifomw. this poor Prince was put to death j to which he ha- ving been condemned by a formal Sentence in Judi- cature, this Sentence {k) was executed upon him in the fame manner as upon a common Criminal by the Rods and Axe of the Li6lor^ which the Romans ne- ver before fubje(5led any crown'd head to. And here ended the reign of the Afmorneans^ after it had lafted from the beginning of Judas Maccahaus'% Govern- ment to this time, (/) one hundred twenty nine yearsj and with it I ihall end this Book. (i) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 15-. cap. i. & De Bello Judaico lib. i. cap. 15 {k) Jofephus ibid. PJutarchus in Antonio. Dion Caflius lib. 49. p. 405- (l) Whereas Jofephus ;« his Antiquities, Book XIV. Chifp. 28. faith ii lofted only iz6 years, this is to be computed from the time that Judas vpai ejlabltfhed in the Government by his peact with Antiocb'iS Eupator thret years after he firji took it upon hm. X n iij Old and New Testam: Connefted in the HISTORY OF THE feivs and Neighbouring Nat FROM THE Declenfion of the Kingdoms of Ij and Judah to the time of C h r i s P A R T II. B O O K V N the taking of Jerufalem^ Herod \ in thorough pofTeflion of the Kingdom of Juddea. (a) But the greater part of the Jews^ as long as Antigoms was alive, partly the affe6lion they had for the old Royal Fai the Afmonaans^ and partly out of their hatred rod^ could not be induced by any means to o'^ for their King, which conduced much to tl iege declared for the receiving of Herod to be King, nd the rendring of the City to him, telling the peo- le, that their fins being grown to fo very great an eight, as they then were, they had nothing elfe to xpe6t, but that God would deliver them into the ands of this man for the punifhment of them, and hat therefore it was in vain for them to refift him, Jut the reft of the Sanhedrim running violently the •ther way (e) cried up the 'Temple of the Lord! the '^emple of the Lord! as if for the fake thereof God vouid certainly proteft that Cityj and on this con- eit they did all they could to excite and encourage he people to a fierce and obftinate refiftance 5 and lereto it was owing, that the fiege held on fo long, ^nd therefore Herod^ when he had gotten them into lis power, put them all to death for it. To this he s alfo faid to have been provoked by another reafon, hat is for their having called him before them upon , tryal for his Life for the death of Hezekiah 'the obber, when he was Governour of Galilee undet ^yrcanus^ of which mention hath been above made. ^ut if that influenced him in this matter, he would lot have fpared Sameas^ who was of all the moftvio- ent againft him in that caufe. Thefe two men are )y the Jewifh writers called Hillel and Shammai^ and heir names (/) are of the greateft note among them )f all tiieir miihnical DoSors, that is of all thofc {b) Jofephus ibid, de Bello Judaicolib. i. cap. 13. {c) Jofephu: \ntiq. lib. 14. cap. i 7. 2c lib. 1 5-. cap. i. {d) Jofephus ibid. e) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 14. cap.. 28. {() Juchafiir, Shalfheleth ^accabbala, Zemach David, (3-) Jojhua Ben Perachiah and Nathan the A thefe (4.) to Simon Ben Shetach and Jehudah B hai'y thefe to (f .) Shemmaiah and AhtaVion-y an to (6.) //i//^/ and Shammai. Of thefe Pairs t in each of them was (Jo) Nafi^ that is Prelident Great Sanhedrim, and the other {h) Ah Bet that is Vice-Prefident of the fame 5 and both c were, v/hile in thefe Offices, the chief Teac their Schools of Divinity. The Jewifh Wr; cribe to Shemaiah and Ahtalion only fix years, their immediate predeceiTors (i) a full hundreds over, which gives that link in the Chain c traditional Succefiion a flretch beyond cre( Shemaiah and Ahtalion {k) are faid to have be< Profelytes, and Sons of the fame Father, b}; they derived their defcent from Sennacherih^ I AJJyria^ but they had for their mother a wc Ifrael^ otherwife (/) they could not have bee] hers of the great Sanhedrim or have held an of Judicature in the Jewifh Nation. Herod time putting to death all the members of th Sanhedrim excepting Hillel and Shammai^ it is be doubted, but that thefe two Shemaiah an( lion perifhed in that flaughter, after whoi( {g) Pirke Aboth cap. i. Maimonides in pr^fatione ad Sed( 8c in prjtfatione adYad Cha-zekah, AbarbanelaliiqueeRabbinis. in Hebrew fgmfieth Fr'mce, ami Ab Beth Din, Father of tin Judgment. (i) The femjlj Chromlogers tell us^ that Ferfons entered on their Office i in the ye sir of the world accon yervi (J) Computation 5621, and that Shemaiah /qi?;^/ Ahtalion d^ ceed them till the year ^jiz, betroeen which intervened 10 ij {k) Zacutus in Tuchafin, 8c David Ganz. in Zemach David. ah the fon ox Ahital Davids wite. Jbor his Learn- ig in the Jewiih Law and Traditions, the Jevvifh riters by an unanimous fuffrage give him the firft lace of Eminency among all the ancient Do6tors of leir nation. As for Rule, he bore it in the higheft tation of Honour among his people for forty years )gether; for fo long as Prefident of the Sanhedrim z fat in the firft Chair of Juflice over the whole jwifh nation, and difcharged himfelf therein with reater wifdom and juftice, than any that had from le time of Simon the Juft pofTefTed that place before im. And as for his Pofterity he was fo happy there- , that for feveral defcents they fucceeded him in the me eminency of Learning, and thereby gained alfo ir feveral Defcents to fucceed him in the fame Sta- on of honour. For thofe of his family were Prefi- mts of the Sanhedrim from father to fon to the nth Generation. For after him fucceeded Simeon is fon, who is fuppofed to have been the fame who lok Chrifl in his Arms on his being firll prefented the Temple, (o) and then to have fung over him is nunc dimittas. After Simeon fucceeded Gamaliel is fon, who prefided in the Sanhedrim at the 'time hen Peter and the Apoftles were called before that ouncil {J5l5 v. :54.) and was '-the fame at whofe et Paul was bred up in the Se6t and Learning of (m) Jofephus joins Pollio vp'tth Shammai, and makes h'lm to be Sham- Vis mafter, and Hillel rviis fo according to the Rabbins i and therefore wi' ibtedlythe Pollio 0/ Jofephus and the Hillel of the Rabbins -was the f Arm fon. (n) Zacutus in Juchafm. Gedaliah in Shalfheleth Haccabala, 6c Lvid Ganz in Zemach David. Videas etiam Buxtorfii Lexicon Rabbini- m col. 6 1 7, 8c de Abbreviaturis p. 4,8, 8c 5-8; Vordii Obfervationes ad :mach David, and Li^htfoot'; Harmony of the NeW TelUment, Vartf, next lULLCllUl Uiici iJiin wit;> vicirfioii^icif ma luuj cond of that name 5 to him fucceeded Simeon the third of that name. After him was R Hakkadojh his Ton, who compofed the Mijl on that account his name hath ever fince beei great Veneration among all of the Jewifli His fon and fuccefTor in the fame office was < the third of that name, and after him his fo Gemarkus^ and after him his fon Hillel the who was the Compiler of the prefent Kalend? Jewifli year. How long after him this offic nued in that Family is not faid. And no < was with refpe£t to the family of David^ th had this honour fo long continued among h rity. But he was defcended from it only by ther's fide, for by his father he was of the ' Benjamin, (p) He was born in Babylonia^ ai lived till the 40th yearof his Life j atwhicl came to Jerufakm^ and there betook himfe' iludy of the Law, in which he grew fo ( that after forty years more he became Prei the Sanhedrim, being then eighty years old, \ tinued in that office for another forty Years < that according to this account he lived full dred and twenty years. The time he firfl en his prefidentfhip was about an hundred year the deftruftion of Jerufalem. The Jewifh make it a compleat hundred years. But th pie are far from being exaft in their Chroi Computations i for the fake of a round nur an imaginary myflery, they often in fuch flioot under or over the truth at their pleaft cl' ^V^""^ ^^ ^^^^5 "5' ^h^t being of the Sea oi: the Epm he had the Spirit of Prophecy, and one time meeting with Herod among his School-fellows wrhen he was a boy, greeted him with this falutati' 3n, Hail King of the Jews -y and laying his hand ffent- y on his ihoulder foretold to him, that he ffiould )e advanced to that honour. Herod for many years lad no regard to this Prediflion, it being a thin^ he lad no expearation of. But afterwards, when he :ame to be King, rcmembring the matter he fenc or Manahem, and was very felicitous to know of nm, how long he Ihould reign, concluding, that he hat foretold that he fliould be King, could alfo oretel how long he ihould be fo. Manahem at firft lot returning him a certain anfwer, Herod put it to iim, whether he ihould reign ten years, Manahem nlwered, Yea ten, yea twenty, yea thirty j with mich Herod being contented asked no further. But ^om this time had Manahem in great efteem^ and o doubt on this occafion drew him into his fervice, nd thereon Shammai was appointed to be Vice-Pre- dent in his room. This (r) Shammai. h2Ld been for fome time the cholar of Hilkl, and came the neareft to him in ninency of learning of all the Tannaim or miflinical >o6tors. But when he became his Vice-Prefident t did not always concur in opinion with him. For lerc were many points wherein they differed, which lufed the like contefts and difputes between their (^) Jofephus Amiq. lib. ly. cap. 15. ^,; Videas Zacutum. daiiam, Davidem Gani ^ Buxtorfium ibidem, & Drufium de Tribus School ofHilkl carried it againfl; the School c ^^/, a determination being given for the forn fay by a Batb Kol^ that is by a voice prete come from heaven, and by this fiftion all difti between them were appeafed. Hillel was oi and peaceable temper, but Shammai on the < was of a very angry and fiery fpirit, and froi proceeded moft of the oppofitions and difpu were between the Schools of thefc two gr 61:ors, of which Shammai growing at lengtl was contented to have them all ended by th^ I have mentioned. {$) Hillel bred up above a thoufand Scholai knowledge of the Law, of which eighty we oned to be of greater eminency above the re of them fay the Jewifh v/riters thirty were on whom the divine Glory fhould reft, as it on Mofes'y and thirty for whom the Sun fhou flill, as it did ^oxjofiua-y and the twentj were of a middling fize. The eminenteft of t was Jonathan Ben Uzziel the Author of the Paraphrafc upon the Prophets 3 with whom 'v temporary Onkelos^ who was Author of th dee Paraphrafc upon the Law. But whether a Scholar oi HilleVs or no, is not faid. Ther ther ChaJdee Paraphrafes befides thefe two 5 bi (f) of this Divifion made among the Vhmfalcal Jews by t Schools of Hillel and Shammai Jerom fpeaks in his Comment a) viii. 14. and he there tells us, that thefe t-ioo men fiounjhed in long before Chrifi Tvas born. His voords are^ Sammai 6c Hillel prius quam Dominus nafceretur orti funt in Tudsfa. (j ia^ Babylonia^ Mefopotamia^ Syria^ and Paleftine; and 5 ftill the language of the Churches of the Neftori- n and Maronite Chriftians in thofe Eaftern parts, in he fame manner as the Latin is the language of the *opifli Churches here in the Weft. And therefore befe Paraphrafes were called (j) fargums^ becaufe bey were Verfions or Tranflations of the Hebrew ^ext into this language. For the word 'Targum ^\2;' ifieth in Chaldee an Interpretation or Verfion.of one uiguage into another, and may properly be faid oF ny fuch Verfion or Tranflation *, but it is moll com- lonly by the Jews appropriated to thefe Chaldee Pa- iphrafes. For being among them what were mod minently fuch, they therefore had this Name by 7^y of eminency efpecially given unto them. Thefe Targums were made for the ufe and inflru- :ion of the vulgar Jews after their return from the 'abylonijh Captivity. For altho' many of the better )rt ftill retained the knowledge of the Hebrew lan- uage during that Captivity, and taught it their Jhildren^ and the holy Scriptures that were delivered xer that time, {v) excepting only fome parts of Da- el and Ezra and one verfe in Jeremiah^ were all Titten therein; yet the common People by having > long converfed with the Babylonians learned th(;ir {t) Buxtorfii Lexicon Rabbinicum Col. 2644. (v) The Book Daniel is writte-a in Chaldee from the ^th -verfe of the feccnd Chap- ^ to the end of the yth Chapter, and the Book of ^ix^ from the Sth '.rfe of the ^th Chapter to the i-jth verfe of the jth Chapter. In the Book Jeremiah the wth -verfe of the loth Chapter is only written in tLn mguage, all the reji of it is in Hebrew. land of Gofien 5 but on their being carried cap the BabyIonia?is they were difperfed all over C j^nd AJjyria^ and being there intermixed w; people of the land had their main converfe witl- and therefore were forced to learn their lar and this foon induced a difufe of their own them ^ by which means it came to pafs, th? their return the common people, efpecially t them who had been bred up in that Captivi derftood not the holy Scriptures in the Hehn guage, nor their Pofterity after them. And fore when Ezra read the Lav7 to the People, had feveral Perfons (landing by him well si both the Chaldee and Hebrew languages, wh« preted to the people in Chaldee what he firft them in Hehrezv. And afterwards when the was edablifhed of dividing the Law into f4 S and of reading one of them every week in th liagogues (according as hath been already de: the fame courfe of reading to the People the Text firfl, and then interpreting it to them ii dee J was ftill continued. For when the reai read one verfe in Hebrew^ an Interpreter 1 by did render it in Chaldee^ and then the ne being read in Hebrew^ it was in like manner ii ted in the fame language as before, and fo o verfe to verfe was every verfe alternatively re in the Hebrew^ and then interpreted in Chaldee end of the Se6tion> and this firfl gave occal the making of Chaldee Verfions for the hplp c Interpreters. And they thenceforth became i neceflary that luch Verfions ihould be made for the belp of the lefs able. This was done at firft onl) for the Law, becaufe at firft the Law only was pub- lickly read in thek Synagogues till the perfecutior 3f Antiochus Epiphanes-, but after that time leflbn? Deing read out of the Prophets in thofe religious Af- 'emblies, as well as out of the Law, the fame reafon -endered it neceflary, that Chaldee Verfions fhould )e made of thefe Scriptures alfo. And zdly, the ufc )f the People (which was the other reafon for the rompofing of thofe Verfionsj made this neceflliry for lU the Scripture, as well as for the Law and the ^rophets. For all Scripture being given for our edi- ication, all ought for this end to have them in a language which they underftood. For when God jave his Law unto IfraeJ^ (w) he cnjoyned, that they fiould have his Commandments, Statutes and Judg- nents always in their Hearts, that they fhould medi- ate on them day and night, teach them their Chil- Iren, and talk of them, wh&n they did fit in their loufes, and when they walked by the way, and when hey lay down, and when they rofe up > and that all night be the better enabled to perform all this, it vas ftriftly enjoyned by a conftitution of the Elders rom ancient times, (x) that every man fhould have y him at his home a Copy of the Holy Scriptures drly written out either by his own, or if he could lot write himfelf, by fome other hand, for his in- trusion herein. But how could this be done, if hey had thofe Scriptures only in a Language, which (w) Deutron. vi. 6- 9. Sc Ch. xi. 18, 19, 20. C^^- Maimonidcs ly Scriptures were then written, when that Ln given J and ah'b the Conftitution above-ment which was fuperadded by the Elders, is by p words Hmited thereto. But the reafon of the reached the v/hole word of God. For fince a is given for our inllrudtion, we are all equall ged to know each part of it, as well as the And therefore this caufed, that at length the Scriptures were thus tranilated from the Hehre the ChaUaan Language for the fake of thof could not other wife underftand them. For t up from the People in an unknown Langua] word of God, which was given to lead to everlafting Life, was a thing that was not tl agreeable either with Reafon or Piety in times. This Work having been attempted by diver fons at different times, and by feme of theii different views (for fome of them were wrii Verfions for the publick ufe of the Synagogue others as Paraphrafes and Commentaries for tl vate inilruftion of the People) hence it hatl to pafs, that there were anciently many of the: gums^ and of different forts, in the fame mar there anciently were many different Verfions fame Holy Scriptures into the Greek Language with like different Views 5 of which we havi cient proof in the OUapla of Origen. No dot ciently there were many more of thefe 'Targiim. we now know of, which have been loft in the of time. Whether there were any of them fame compofure on the whole Scriptures is ni md the twelve 7ninor Prophets. 5. That on the Law vhich is afcribed to Jonathan Ben Uzziel. 4. The ^erufalem I'argum on the Law. f . The I'argum on he five lefler Books called the Megilloth^ u e. Ruthj Efiher^ Eccleftaftes^ I'he Song of Solomon^ and the La- nentations of Jeremiah, 6. The fecond fargufn on EJiher. 7. The I'argum {y) of Jofeph the one-eyed )n the Book of Joh^ the Pfalms^ and the Proverbs^ md 8. The I'argum on the firfl id fecond Book of Chronicles. On Ezra^ Nehemia and Daniel^ there is 10 I'argum at all. The reafon given by fome for this s, becaufe a great part of thofe Books is written in he Chaldee Language, and therefore there is no need )f a Chaldee Paraphrafe upon them. This indeed is :rue for Daniel and Ezra^ but not for Nehemiah ; 'or that Book is all originally written in the Hebrew Language. No doubt anciently there were Chaldee ?araphrafes on all the Hebrew parts of thofe Books, :hough now loft. It was long fuppofed that there tvere no fargums on the two Books of Chronicles^ be- :aufe none fuch were known, till (z) they were latc- .y publifhed by Beckius at Augsburg in Germany^ that Dn the firll Book Jnno Domini 1680, and that on the Second Jnno 1685. As the I'argum of Onkelos is the fir ft in order of place, as being on the Pentateuch^ which is the firft {y) He is commonly called Jofephus Csecus, or Jofephus the blind. Thii \s not to be underftood as if he were blind of both Efes^ for the^ he could not have done this Work. The Word in Hebrew, by which he is fo denomina- ted, fignifieth Lufcum, one that is blind of one Eye, as -well as Caecum pne that is blind of both I-yes. (z) Leufden in Philologo Hebraeo make him much the younger of the two. F tell us that Jonathan was one of the prime 5 of Hillelj who dyed about the time when ou our was born> but that Onkelos furvived Gam elder ^ Patd\ Mailer (who was the Grand-fon lel^ and dyed not till eighteen Years before ilruclion of Jerufakm) for they relate, that afliited at the Funeral of this Gamaliel^ and p for it feventy pound of Frankincenfc at h charge. But there are feveral reafons which with me to think Onkelos the ancientcr of th the chief and principalefl of them is the Si which his ^argum is written. That part of and Ezra^ which is in Chaldee^ is the truefl St whereby to try the purity of the Chaldee Lai For this Language, as well as all others, beir conftant Flux, and in every age deviating froi it was in the former, it follows from hence, t further any Chaldee writing doth in its Styli from that ancient Standard, the later certainl) And the nearer it comes to it, we may as C( conclude, the ancienter it is. But no Chak ting now extant coming nearer to the Style o is written in that Language by Daniel and than the 'Tar gum of Onkelos^ this to me prov Targum of all others to be the mod ancient, can fee no other reafon, why Jonathan Ben when he undertook to compofe his fargum^ pafs over the Law, and begin with the Pn but that he found Onkelos had done this work (a) Zicutus in Juchafin. Gedaliah in Shalfheleth Haccabk )oy^ all the other Targums^ and being let to the ame mufical notes with the Hebrew Text, it is hereby made capable of being read in the fame tone vith it in their publick AfTcmblies. And that it was ccordingly there read alternatively with the Text iii he manner as is* above defcribed (b) Ellas Lenjita tells IS, who of all the Jews^ that have handled this Ar- gument, hath written the moil accurately and fully )f it. For he faith, " That the Jews holding them- ' felves obliged every week in their Synagogues to ' read twice that Parajhah or SeiSbion of the Law, * which was the Leflon of the week (that is in the ' Hebrew Original firft, and then in the Chaldce In- ' terpretation after it) made ufe of the T'argum of ' Onkelos for this purpofe 5 And that this was their ' ufage even down to his time (which was {c) about ' the firft part of the fixteenth Century.) And that ^ for this reafon, though till the Art ot Printing ' was invented there were of the other Targums ' fcarce above one or two of a fort to be found in ' a whole Country 5 yet then the Targum of Onkelos ' was every where among them." Some fay this Onkelos was a Profelyte, and hold him to have been :he fame with Akilas^ another Profelyte, who is quo- — — ^— — — i— — — — t . ' "" (b) In Methurgeman, /. e. Lexico Chaldaico fic dido. Verba ejus n prasfatione ad illud Lexicon funt hxc fequentia. Antequam invenire- :ur Ars Typographica non excabant Targum Propherarum 6c Hagiogra- jhorum, nifi vel unum in Provincia, vel ad fummura duo in Univerio Climate. Propterea nee quifquam erat quia ea curaret. At Targum On- kelofi Temper repertum eft affatim 8c hoc ideo, quia nos obligati lumus, Lit Legamus quavis Septimana Parafham bis, t. e. Semel in Textu He- braeo, 8c femel in Targum. ( c ) Some of his Books mre pubitjljea the Akilas^ whole Tar gum is quoted in Bertjhtt ha^ and elfe where from it by the RahUns^ < none other than Aquila of Pontus. For the n the fame, 'AnuXa? in Greeks and Akilas in h The time in which they are faid to live, is al fame, that is about the year of CHrift one h and thirty 5 and both are faid to be Profelyte thefe three Charadbers joyned together fuffi prove, them to be both the fame Perfon. z this Akilas could not be Onkelos. For not or names are different, and the times in which tj ved different, but alfo the Targums^ which tb faid to have written. For Onkelos wrote on th but the Targum of Akilas^ which is quoted B Rahha^ is on the Prophets, and the Hagw 3. That the 'fargum of Akilas quoted by the . of Berijhith Rahba^ and other Rabbins from 1 not a Chaldee 1'argum^ but the Greek Verfion c gum made by Aquila of Pontus. For although thi iargum be reftrained by its moft common ufe the Jews to the Chaldee Verfions of the Hebrei ptures, yet in its general fignification it takes Translation from one Language to another, \ ever thofe Languages may bej and that th there was never any fuch Chaldee ^argum^ as pofed to be quoted by the Author of Berijhith or any fuch Perfon as Akilas a Profelyte diftin^^ Aquila of Pontus to be the Author of it 3 bi the far gum fo quoted was the Greek Targum^ o Verfion of the Hebrew Scriptures made by tl {d) Berifliith Rabba h m oU RaUmical Commenf^ry on tl ews. The excellency and accuracy ot Unkelos s Tar^ m fufficiently prove him to have been a native Jew, or without having been bred up from his birth in le Jewifh Religion and Learning, and long exerci- d in all the Rites and Do6lrines thereof, and being fo thoroughly skilled in both the Hebrew and Chal^ 'e Languages, as far as a native Jew could be, he m fcarce be thought thoroughly adequate to that ork, which he performed. The next 'Tar gum to that of Onkelos is the Targum F Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Prophets, which is sxt it alfo in the purity of its Style, but is not like in the manner of its Compofure. For whereas le Targum of Onkelos is a ftri6t Verfion, rendring le Hebrew Text word for word, Jonathan takes on im the Liberty of a Paraphraft by enlargements and iditions to the Text. For therein are inferred feve- il Stories, and alfo feveral Glofles of his own, which 0 not much commend the work > and more of this to be found in that part which is on the latter Pro- hets, than in that which is on the former. For in lat latter part he is more Lax and Paraphraflical, id lefs accurate and clear, than in the other. The ooks of Jojhua^ Judges^ Samuel^ and Kings are cal- :d the former Prophets, and the Books of Ifaiah^ eremlah^ EzekieJj and the twelve rnmor Prophets the ,tter. The (e) Jews fpeak highly of this Jonathan : {e) Zacutus in Juchafin. Gedaliah in Shalfhelcth Kaccabbala. David anz in 7.emach David. Talmud in Bava Bathra cap. 8. 8c in Succa, , in Megilla. Videas etiam Buxtcrfium De Abbreviaturis p. 104, 8c )y. 2v in prxfatione ad Lexicon Chaldaicum. Schickardum in Bechi- they were immediately burnt up by fire fror ven without any hurt done either to his pe his paper. And they tell us alfo, that on tempting to write a fargum upon the Hagic after his having finifhcd that on the Law, i hinder'd by a voice from Heaven, which fort to proceed in that work, giving this reafor becaufe therein (that is in the Hagiographj contained the end of the Mejjiah > which fomi llians laying hold of againft the Jews by inter it of the death of Chrift predifted in the Pre of Daniel (which they place among the (/) grapha) fome of the latter Jews have take them to alter that pafTage, for fear this fabul ry fhould hurt their caufe. Many other fab Jewifh writers tell us of this Jonathan and h gum^ which I think not proper to trouble tl" der with. The third Targum in the order above-menti that on the Law, which is afcribed to Jonat UzzieL But that it is none of his is fufficien ved by the Style, which is wholly different fi wherein is written the true "Targum o^Jonath upon the Prophets, which all allow to ha^ his) as will thoroughly appear to all fuch ; thoroughly compare 'em together > And bel enlargements in the Paraphraflical way by Fables, prolix Explications, and other Additi much beyond what we find pradis'd by Jon (f) That the Jews alloro not Danie] a place among the Proph what reafon, hath b»en above (hervny Vfirt I. Book x, under the me j and therein we alfo find mention made Qo) of onftantinoplc^ and (y) Lombardy^ whereas there was > fuch City as Conftantimple^ nor any Country cal- d by the name oi Lomhardy till feveral hundred years ter the time, wherein Jonathan flouriihed. Who as the true Author of this I'argum^ or when it was )mpofed, is utterly unknown. Itfeems long to have in in obfcurity among the Je-ws themfelves. For lias Levita^ who wrote moil fully of the Chaldee u'aphrafes, knew nothing of this Paraphrafe, for he ^s nothing of it, though he tells us of all the refl^ :ither was it taken notice of till firft publifh'd in *int at ^m^^ about an hundred and fifty years fincej ,d the name of Jonathan^ it's probable, was for no her reafon then put to \i^ but to give it the more redit, and the better recommend it by that fpeci- ts title to the buyer. Moft of thofe Prophecies hich are in the Pentateuch concerning the Mejjiah^ :ing in this I'argum interpreted in the Chrillianway, me Chriftians for this reafon would maintain it to ; the genuine work of the Author, whofe name it ars 5 and to make this out affert it to be as ancienc that Author, and that therefore it might accord- g to its title be truly his j and their argument for \Sj That it is quoted by St. Paul^ and that there- re it muft be compofed before his time> and the ;e before his time was that, in which Jona- an Ben Uzziel lived. For whereas St. Paul in s fecond Epillle to timothy iii. 8. makes mention \g) Exod.xxvi. 9. (h) Num. xxiv. 19, (j) Num.' V. 24. and Jambres arc twice made mention ot in tJ gum {Exodus \, if. and vii. i.^ but it doth low, that St. Paul had them from this "Targu: that therefore the Author of this ^argum w; enter than St. Paul^ any more than it doth, had them from Pliny or Numenius^ and that tl thefe two Heathen Philofophers were, com all the faith of Hiflory, ancienter than this . For both thefe Authors make mention of tl gyptian Magicians in the time of Mofes with I iy variation, that inilead of Jannes and J ami ny writes their names Jamnes and Jot apes, 1 anfwer hereto is, that as the facred Penmen New Teftament make mention of feveral thing they had only from the current tradition oft in which they lived, fo this of Jannes and was of that fort. Thefe names either by Or dition, or rather by fome written records of being preferved among the Jews^ Paul fron had them, and fo had this Targumift after hi an account of thefe perfons having been by l names propagated by the Jews to the Heath mong whom they were difperfed, it came tl to the knowledge of Pliny and Numenius^ of which lived in the firfl: Century after Chr the other in the beginning of the third. Ti would know, what were the Traditions of t concerning thefe two Magicians, may confi torps Rabbinical Lepcicon^ p. P4f, ^46, and ^ there they will find a full account of all tha of them in the I'almud^ and other Rabbini tings, which being long and wholly fabulou the yemfalem Dialed:, For there were (/) three Ferent Dialefbs of the Chaldaan or AJfyrtan Lan- ige. The firft was tliat, which was fpoken at Ba^ m the Metropolis of the AJfyrtan Empire, an ex- ple of this in its greatefl purity we have in Da^ I and Ezra^ and the Style of the Babylonijh Ge-» ra may be reckoned its highcft corruption. The ond Dialed of this Language was the Commagenian Antiochian^ which was fpoken in Commagene^ An^ :h^ and the reft of Syria -y and in this Dialed were itten the verfions of the Holy Scriptures, and the turgies, which were in ufe among the Syrian and Syrian Chriftians, and are ftill ufcd by them, efpe- lly by the Maronites^ a people inhabiting Mount '?anusy where the Syriac ftill lives among them as ulgar Language. The third Dialed was the Je^ alem Dialed, that which was fpoken by the Jews er their return from Babylon. The Babylonian and rufalem Dialeds were written in the fame Chara- :r, but the Antiochian in a different, that which : call the Syriac, And for the fake of this different larader is that Dialed reckoned a different Lan- age, which we call the Syriac^ (k) whereas in ith the Syriac and the Chaldee are one and the fame nguage, in different Charaders, and differing a :le only in Dialed. As all thefe three Dialeds :re made by fo many feveral degeneracies from the i Ajfyrian Language, which was anciently fpoken Nineveh and Babylon^ fo they all with time dege- rated from what they at firft were. The pureft 'i) Videas Waltoni Prole?om. xiii. ad BIblia Polyglot. & Georgii which firil made the Jerufdem Dialed to dif the Babylonian. For though the Jews on thei ii'om Babylon brought back with them the Chai guage, and made it their vulgar tongue, yet brew was Hill the Language of the Church, Language of all thofe that were bred up in I for its fervice^ and therefore many of it; crept into the Chaldee^ which was vulgarb by them, and this mixture conftituted the 5 Diale6b of the Chaldee Tongue 5 and as long a tinued with this mixture only, it was the j Dialed in its bell: purity. But in procefs of mixture of the J^ws with other Nations, e after our Saviour's time, brought in the mi many Exotic words from the Latin^ Greek^ Per/tan^ and other Languages, and thereby fc rupted their former Speech, that it made it f nother Language. And a view of this corn of it we have in the Jcrufalem T'almud^ the 2e?n "Targum^ and in all the other 'Targums^ e: thofe of Onkelos on the Law, and Jonathan Prophets. For all thefe are written in this ilyle of the Jerufakm Dialed, and thofe Tar^ much more fo than x.\it Jerufalem 'Talmud^ proves them all (except the two above exec have been written after that 'Talmud, This j Targum is not a continued Paraphrafe, as reft are, but only upon fome parts here and ■ the Author thought the Text moft wanted ii cation. For fomedmes it is only upon 01 fometimes only upon a piece of a verfe, ai times upon fevcral verfes together, and fom( lention o^ the firft and feconcl death^ the fame didin- tion is in this 1'argum^ Deutron. xxxiii. 6. In the levelations^ v. lo. the Saints are faid to he made mao w Gody Kings and Priejisy the fame is faid in this ^argum^ Exodus xix. 6. In the Gofpel of St. Mat- hew vi. 9. our Saviour teachcth us to fay, Our Fa- her which art in Heaven ^ the fame expreilion is in [lis "Targum^ Deutr. xxii. 6. Hence fome would infer he Antiquity of this I'argum^ as if it had been writ- sn before our Saviour's time, and that he and his Lpoftles had thefe and other like expreffions from it 5 Lnd others will have it, that the Author of this Tar- urn had them from the New Teftament. But nei- her of thefe feems likely^ Not the firfl, becaufe the •tyle of this T'argum being more impure and corrupt, han that of the Jerufakm Talmud^ this proves it to ave been compofed after that 'talmud^ which had o being till above three hundred years after Chrifi-y Lnd not the fecond, becaufe the Jews had that de- eflation of all contained in the New Teftament, hat we may be well alTured, they would borrow no- hing from thence. The truth of the matter mod: •robabiy is, thefe were Sayings and Phrafeologies /hich had obtained among the Jews in our Saviour's ime, and continued among them long after, and lence our Saviour and his Apoftles, and afterward he Author of this I'argum had them, as from the ime fountain. The fifth Targum^ which is that on the Megillothy he (ixth, which is the fecond Targirm on Efther-^ (t) Ad difEcilia Loca, Num. cap. i^. on Efther is twice as large as the firft, and fee have been written the laft of all thofe 'Targun reafon of the barbarity of its llyle. That c Megilloth^ (part of which is the firlt 'tar gum on J makes mention of the (») Mijhnah and the 3 luith the expUcatien-y if thereby be meant the lonijh Talmud, as undoubtedly it is, this Targun have been written after that Talmud, that \i the year of Chrift f oo. For this is the earlief which is affigned for the Compofure of the Bal Talmud. The eighth and laft of thefe "fargums in the I have above mentioned them is that on th Books of the Chronicles^ which is the laft ths been publifhed. For it was not known of till tl 1680, {0) when Beckius from an old Manufcrij publifhed at Augshtrg in Germany that part which is on the firft Book 5 and three years a published at the fame place the other part al(( which is on the fecond Book. Till then al have written of the Chaldee Paraphrafes, hav( lis to underftand, as if there had never be< Targum at all written upon thefe Books. Bi Walton (p) tells us, he had heard, that there the publick Library in Cambridge a Manufcri] gum on the Chronicles^ but had no notice ol his Polyglot was finiihed, and therefore never (m) R. Azarias in Meor Enaim. Elias Levita, aliique. 5 . 4. (6) Leufdeni Philologus mixtus Diflertationc (P) Prolegom. ad Bibiia Polyglotta cap. 12. St(k, \f. Tiuncs auucu nere ana cnere in tne margin. This /lanufcript was written in the year ofC/mJl i ^47, as ppears by a note at the end of it, but when or by ^hom the marginal Cbaldee Glofs therein was com- ofed is not faid. That the Targums of OnkeJos on the Law, and Jo^ athm on the Prophets, are as ancient as our Savi- ur's time, if not ancienter, is the general opinion of oth Jews and Chriftiansj {r) the Jewiih Hiftorians ofitively fay it. For they tell us that Jonathan was le moft eminent of all the Scholars of Hillel^ (/) ^ho died about the time that our Saviour was born, tid that Onkelos was contemporary with Gamaliel the Ider (the fame that was St. PauVs mafler) as is a- ove mentioned. For altho' the JewilTi writers are ery wretched Hiftorians, and often give us grofs ables inftead of true Narratives, yet whenever they o fo, there is either fomething internal in the mat- :r related, or elfc external to it from other evi- ences, that convi6fc them of the falfityj but where [icre is nothing of this, the Teftimony of the Hi- :orian is to ftand good in that, which he relates of [le affairs of his own Country or People. And there- )re there being nothing concerning thefe two tar- %ms^ which can be alledged either from what is con- lined in them, or from any external evidence to ontradid what the Jewifh Hiftorians tell us of their Lntiquity, I reckon their Teftimony is to ftand good (c^ Catalogus Librorum Manufcriptorum Anglise & Hybernix, Tom. i. art 5. p. 174,. Num. 1484. (r) Zacutus, Gedalias, David Ganz, braham Levita, aliique. {() it is generally faid of HiM by the ewifh writers, that he entered on his PrefidentJJ^ip of the Gre^t Sanhedrim kut an hundred vears hefore the nedruRim of Tprnr«lf>m guages, this proves them to have been wnti fore thofe Jews had that common converfe wit Nations, from whom thefe words were borrow efpecially before Jerufalem and Jud£a> were i Province of the Roman Empire. For althon Jews of the difperfions had long before coi with thofe Nations, and learned their Langua^ this did not affe6t the Jews of Jerufalem and but they ftill retained their vulgar tongue in l\ dialed, in which it had been formed after tl turn from Babylon^ till Pompey had fubjefted t] the Roman yoakj but after that Greeks^ Romar Italians^ and other Subje6bs of the Roman Emp ther as foldiers or civil officers, or on other ens coming into that Country, and there i themfelves among them, from that time the began to borrow from them thofe words, whic rupted their language. And therefore fince 'Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan are the cle^ this corruption of all that we have in the Je\ dialed, this may afluredly convince us, tha were written before this corruption had obtain rrevalency among that people. And for this reckon them both to have been compofed our Saviour's time, and the T'argum of Onkelos the ancienter of the two, becaufe it is the though the other comes very little behind it 1 which evidently fhews it to have been writte foon after it. The Jews fpeak very magn things of Jonathan^ but fay little of Onkelos^ t they manifeftly prefer the 'Targum of Onkelos that of the other, as indeed it deferves they f Antiquity of thcfe two Targums, is, that neither Or/- ef^, nor Epiphanius^ nor Jerom^ nor any of the anci- nc fathers of the Chriftian Church make any menti- n of them. Thefe three which I have named, were /ell skilled in the Jewifh Learning, and therefore it ; thought, they could not have avoided taking fome otice of them, had they been extant in their time, fpecially not Jerom^ who lived in Judaea a great part f his life, and there converfed with the learnedeft Labbies of that Seftj and was very inquifitive after il that was to be learned from them for his better nderflanding of the Hebrew Scriptures, and yet in I his writings we find no mention of any Targum or haldee Paraphrafe, nor doth he make ufe of any ich in any of his Commentaries, in which they ^ould have been very ufeful unto him j and there- :)re from hence they conclude, that certainly they ''ere not in being in his time. But this being a ne- ative Argument it proves nothing. For there might s many reafons, which might hinder Jerom from iiowing any thing of them, though in common ufe Tiong the Jews of his time. For firft, tho' Jerom nderftood Hebrew well, it was late ere he ftudied le Chaldee^ and therefore it was with difficulty that c attained to any knowledge in it, (s) of which he imfelf complains j and therefore might not be fuffi- iently skilled to read thofe 'Targums^ had he known ly thing of them. But idly, it is moft probable, lat he knew nothing of them. For the Jews were I thofe times very backward in communicating any (j) In pr^fatione ad Danielem, ceivea among tnac people, ana tnererore wner Rabbi's came to Jerom to give him that aflifta his Hebrew fludics, which he hired them for. did it by ftcalth, (/) coming to him only bj ni^ Nkodemus did unto Chrijly for fear of offend i; reft of their Brethren. And this being at tha the humour of thofe people, we may hence cor that thofe Rabbi's ferved Jerom very poorly matter he hired them for, and communicated n further to him, than they faw needs they ir earn his money. And ^dly, as to the other F none of them underftood the Chaldee Tongu befides, there was in their time fuch an averfi bitter enmity between the Chriftians and th( as hindred all manner of converfe between th that neither would willingly communicate an; to each other 5 and no wonder then that in the thefe 'Targums were concealed from all Chrift being doubly locked up from them, that is n by the language in which they were writtc alfo by the malice and perverfenefs of the Jew had the keeping of them. But 4thly, be(id( malice and perverfenefs, they had alfo fome vei reafons to be cautious as to this matter. Fc being many Prophecies of the Old Teftament c ing the Mejfiah explained in thefe 'Targums fame manner as we Chriftians do, it behove of that Seft not to communicate them to an ftians, left thereby they fhould give them vantage for the turning of their own Artillerji (/) Hieronymus in Epiftola ad Pammachium 6^. In pK T jhriim Pdr-ilinnmi^n/Kn %t in nra»fafionp nA lihrum Tob. sm. And all this put together I think may be Scient to convince any one, that thefe l!argums ly be as ancient as is faid, though neither Jerom r any of the ancient fathers of the Chriftian lurch fay any thing of them, and that their Silence rein can be no argument to the contrary. As to all the other 'fargums^ befides thefe two of ikelos on the Law and Jonathan on the Prophets, ey arc all moft certainly of a much later date. This above ihewn of fome of them from the matters erein contained, but the ftyle in which they arc ritten prove it of all of them. For it being in every le of them more barbarous and impure, and much ore corrupted with exotic words and grammatical regularities, than that of the Jerufalem Talmud, lis fliews them to have been written after the com- Dfure of that Talmud, that is after the beginning of le fourth Century after Chrift. It is alfo to be ob- rved of thefe later fargums^ that they abound much ith Talmudic fables 5 if thefe were taken out of le Bahylonijh Talmud, this will bring down their ite much lower, and prove them to have been writ- ;n after that Talmud alfo, as well as after the other, lat is after the beginning of the fixth Century afccr hrift. This hath been already proved of the far- im on the Megilloth^ which is one of them that I ow treat of in this Paragraph, and pofTibly it may e true of fome of the rell alfo. By reafon of the arbarity of the ftyle in which thefe later "targums re written, and the great mixture of exotic words, /ith which they abound, they are badly undcrftood mong the Jews even by the moft learned of their in their Talmudic and Rabbinical writings Book was a work of forty years labour and fli firfl publifhed at Hamburgh Jnno Dom. 1 668, w. Author fome years after died. The 'Tar gums of Onkelos and Jonathan ai great efleem amang the Jsws^ that they hoi to be of the fame Authority with the originn Text 5 and for the fupport of this Opinion th them to be derived from the fame fountain. F fay, (u) that when God delivered the written I toMofes from Mount Sinai^ he delivered with i iame time the Chaldee Paraphrafe of Onkelos lame manner, as they fay, he then did the Ora And fo that when by his Holy Spirit he dids to the Prophets the Scriptures of the Pro] Books, he delivered feverally to them upo Book the Targurn oi Jonathan at the fame tim that both thefe Targmns were delivered d< Tradition through fuch faithful hands, as Go( providence had appointed, the firfl: from Moj the other from the Prophets themfelves, wl the writers of thefe Prophetical Books, till at through this Chain of Traditional defcent the down to the hands of Onkelos and Jonathan^ a all they did was only to put them into writing fhews the high opinion and eileem which th( of them i but the true reafon of it, and of 1 quailing them with the Text, was that the every Sabbath day read in their Synagogues fame manner as the original facred word it which thev were Verfions. It hath been ab ^„!<,,.,,J ;„ nr«-„Xi-*. them without any more imploying Interpreters foi this purpofej that is, the Readers did firft read a verfe out of the flicred Hebrew Text, and then the Hime again out of the Chaldee T'argum^ and fo went on from verfe to verfe till they had read out the whole LelTonj and the 'Targums oi Onkelos on the Law, and Jonathan on the Prophets having obtained an approbation beyond all the other targums on thefe Scriptures, they at length were alone ufed in this Service. And this ufe of them ^as retained in their Synagogues even down to late times, and in places where the Chaldee was among the people as much an unknown Language as the Hebrew. Fot Elias Levita^ who lived about two hundred years fince, (v) tells us, that they were thus ufed in his time in Germany^ and elfewherej that is that tliey were read in their Synagogues after the Hebrew Text in the fame manner as 1 have defcribedj and agreea- ble to this purpofe, though only for private ufe, they had fome of their Bibles written out in Hebrew md Chaldee together, that is each verfe firft in He- hreiv^ and then the fame verfe next in Chaldee^ and thus from verfe to verfe in the fame manner through the whole volume. In thefe Bibles the Targum of Onkelos was xV^ Chaldee verfion for the Law, and that of Jonathan for the Prophets, and for the Ha- giographa the other fargums^ that were written on them. One of thefe Bibles thus written (w) Ruxtorff tells us he had feen at Strasburgh^ and {x) Walton ac- [^uainrs us, that he had the perufal of two others of (v) In prrtfatione T,d Mcthureeman. (ro) In EpiHrok ad Hcttin- in hands for the inftruftion of the People, an were read among them in private as well as in pi for this purpofej And that they had fuch not on the Law and the Prophets, but alfo on all t ther Hebrew Scriptures. For as I have faid be; was never a ufage among the Jews to lock \ holy Scriptures, or any part of them, from the pie in a language unknown to them. For whc perfed among the Greeks they had them in and where the^Chaldee was the vulgar language had them in Chaldee, And when {z) Chrift wj led out to read the fecond Leflbn in the Syna of Nazareth^ of which he was a Member, he to have read it out of a fargum. For the then read by him out of Ifaiah Ixi. i. as recii St. Luke iv. 18. do not exaftly agree either wi Hebrew Original, or with the Septuagint Verl that place, and therefore it feems mod likely they were read out of fome Chaldee 7'argum^ was made ufe of in that Synagogue. And wl: cried out upon the Crofs in the words of th< mift, Pfalm xxii. i. Eli Eli lama Sabachthan my Gody my God^ why haft thou forfaken me , J xxvii. 45. he quoted them not out of the j Text, but out of the Chaldee Paraphrafe> For Hebrew Text it is Eli Eli lamah Azabtani^ a! word Sabachthani is no where to be found, the Chaldee Tongue. Thofe "fargums are the ancientefl: Books th( have next the Hebrew Scriptures. This is cer (;') Videas Mifnam in Traftatu Megilla, cap, 4. v. 10, mes, in which the language of the Jerufakm TaU md, and of the later ^argums was fpoken, be as luch an unknown language to the People, as for- lerly the Hebrew was to them on their return from le BahylonijJo Captivity. And therefore they feem ) have been compofed in this corrupted Style of lat Dialeft of purpofe for their help 5 and from ence it is, that I take them to be no other, than as argums of the old Targums^ that is the old Targumsj ''hich were in ufe before the time of Onkelos and 'onathan^ tranflated and written over again from the urer Jerufakm dialed: (which was in the time of le compofure of thofe later Tar gums no longer un- srftood by the People) into that, which they then id underftand, that is that corrupt language of the erufahm Chaldee Dialed in which they were com- ofed. And that therefore thefe old "targums with le addition of fome Rabbinical Fables and Rabbi- ical Fooleries, which are interfperfed in them, are le whole of their Contexture, and that all of them^ lat is all the later Targums (I mean all excepting 'nkelos on the Law, and Jonathan on the Prophets^ ere compofed within the compafs of one and the me Age: The uniformity of their Style plainly roves this, and the corruptnefs of it proves that it ^as after the compofure of the Jerufakm 'Talmud ^ \^ hath been already fhewnj but in what age it was ter that compofure is uncertain. It feems mofl robable to me, that it was in that (a) in which the (ci) The Babylon irii Talmud wns compofed about the ke^im'mg of the h Cemnry after Chrijl. 1 hey are all or tnem ot great ule tor th( underftanding not only of the Old T'eftament o they are written, but alfo of the New, As Old feftament they vindicate the genuinenefs prefent Hebrew Text by proving it the farr was in ufe, when thefe T'argums were made, < to the opinion of thofe who think the Jews ted it after our Saviour's time. They help plain many Words and Phrafes in the Hebrew nal, for the meaning whereof we ihould ot have been at a lofs, and they hand down to i of the ancient Cuftoms and Ufages of the which much help to the illuftrating of thofe turcs, on which they are written. And fome o: with the Phrafiologies, Ideoms, and peculia of Speech, which we find in them, do in m; llances help as much for the illuftrating and underftanding of the New Tefiament as of t For the Jerufalem Cbaldee Dialed in which t written, being the fame, which was the vulg; guage of the Jews in our Saviour's time, man Ideoms, Phrafiologies, and forms of Speech, from hence came into the Writings of the A ftamenty are found in thefe fargums^ and from are beft to be illuftrated and explained. Tl gums of Onkelos and Jonathan muft certainly lowed to be ufeful for this purpofe, as being ' juft before the time of our Saviour > and all Ihe others were much later, and written in rupted Style much differing from that of ther, yet the fame Ideoms, Phrafes, and of Speech ftill remaining, they ferve for t Gen. iii. if. God laith unto the Serpent, It (thac the feed of the woman) fiall hruife thy head^ and wu (halt hruife his heel. Chriftians interpret this of le Meffiah and his Kingdom > and the Jenifalem 'far- tm and that called Jonathan's on the Law do the me. Genefis xlix. lo. Jacob prophefieth that I'he Scepter all not depart from Judah^ nor a Lawgiver from be- veen his feet^ until Shiloh fhould come. Chriftians nderftand this of the Meffiah^ and from thence prove 2;ainfl the Jews^ that the Meffiah muft according to lis Prophecy of him have been long fincc come; ecaufe long fince, that is for many Ages paft, there ath been no regal power in Judah^ no Prince of lat Nation ruling with the Scepter over them ; nor ly from between their feet, thac is any born of thac eople, to make Laws or adminifter Juftice among lem, becaufe for many Ages paft the whole Jewifli olicy hath utterly ceafed from among them, and icy have no where, fince the time of Jefus Chrift le lYVit Meffiah^ been governed by their own Princes, r their own Lawsj but eveiy where by ftrangers, rid the Laws of ftrangers, among whom they have ved. The Jews to evade the force of this mani- ;ft Argument againft them objefb, firft, thac the ^ord Shebet in the Hebrew Text, which we inter- ret a Scepter^ the Inftrumenc of Rule, fignifieth al- j a Rody which is the Inftrument of Chaftifement, nd therefore fay, that though this iliould be under- tood of the Mefiah^ the meaning would be no more ban that their Chaftifement, thac is the banifhmenc i^hich they now fuffer in their difperfions among l-i-of-irri" ^J cipality^f nor the Scribe from the Sons of his C till the Mcffuhpall come. And the Jerufakm or Paraphrafe, and that called Jonathan's agre him in both thefe Particulars. For they botl pret Shebet of the Principality, and Shiloh Mefftah^ and therefore all three of them h< Chriftian Caufe in this matter. Numb, xxiv. vj. Part of the Prophecy of there recited, is, l*here fhall come a Star out oj and a Sceptre JJjall rife out of Ifracl, {b} and fi f rule ever M the Children of Seth. We Chrift terpret this of the Meffiah^ and fo doth On his Targmn on that place. For his words are, fijall rife out of the Houfe of Jacob, and the fhall be anointed out of the Houfe of Ifrael, u rule o'ver all the Sons of Men, And the 'Targut Jonathan's interprets this of the Meffiah in t manner alfo, as that of Onkelos doth > and it to be obferved that the Targumifts rightly this Phrafe, JU the Children of Seth^ by the Jll the Sons of Men. For all the Children < iince the Flood, are the fame with all the C of Jdani^ and thefe are all Men. And this that according to this Prophecy the Kingdon Meffiah was not to be a peculiar Kingdom Jews^ but univerfal for all Mankind. And ble hereto, Maimonides interprets this whole His words are as folio wet h. A Sceptre fhall of Ifrael i "this is the King Mcfliah. Jnd Jhd (h) So It ought to be tranJlAted in our Englffh Bil^lei and not ilroy] a-' that hath it. For if the Meffiah wen to dcfiroy all , ^. 1 1. JJ i. Ifaiah ix. 6, J. The words of the Prophet are, nto us a Child is horn^ unto us a Son is given^ and th^ overnment Jhall he upon his Shoulder ^ and his name %ll be called Wonderful^ Counftllor^ the Mighty God^ ^ Everlafting Father^ the Prince of Peace j of the en- fafe of his Government there pall be no endy upon the none of David , and upon his Kingdom to order it^ \d to eftahlifh it with Judgment and with Juftice from nceforth even for ever. Chriilians all hold than is is fpoken af the Meffiah^ and Jonathan in the xrgum which is truly his doth on that place fay e fame. Ifaiah xi. This whole Chapter we Chriftians un- Tftand to be of the Meffiah^ and the peaccablenefs A happinefs of his Kingdom. Jonathan doth the me in his T'argum thereon, and in it doth twice ake expreffion hereof, that is on the firil verfe, and I the fixth. Ifaiah lii, and liii. What is contained irt thefe two hapters from the feventh verfe of the firft of them the end of the other is all a continued Prophccv ' the Meffiah. So St. John in his Gofpcl xii. ^8. d St. Paul to the Romans x. i6. do teach us, and all Chriilians hold, having fo grqat Authority for But the defcription there given of a fufFering kfliah not agreeing with the Notion which the "zw have of him, who expeft a Meffiah reigning d triumphing in temporal Pomp and Power, feve- l of them reject this Interpretation, and wreft the hole Prophecy to other meanings > fome of them iderftanding it of Joftah^ fame of Jeremiah^ and o- ers of the whole People of Ifrael. But the T^r- me piUm trUlll UI LUC UJULLCI , dUU Lllilt Lllia J cy can be underllood of none other than the is manifefl: from the whole tenor of it. And manifefl:, that it was all compleated in Ch Lord. And therefore others among the Jews rightly judged, that the wreftings above-me are not fufficient to bafHe the true meaning Prophecy, have for the evading hereof inve nother Device j that is that there are to be t^ fiahs^ and both yet to come, {c) one of whii fay is to be of the Tribe of Ephraim^ (ai therefore call him (c) Mejffiah the Son of 1 and fometimes Meffiah the Son of Jofeph) anc ther of the Tribe of Judah^ and the Lineage vid'y and they therefore call him Meffiah (c) i of David. The firft of thefe (who they (d) \ be the fore-runner of the other) they make i fuffering Meffiiah^ and tell us of him, that 1 fight againfl Gog^ and having overcome him : terwards be flain by Armillus^ whom they be the greatefl Enemy that fhall ever appeal the Church of God in this World. And Meffiah the Son of Ephraim they interpret all, foretold in the Old Tellament of the Suffe Chrift our Lord, efpecially what is foretold in this Prophecy of Ifa'iah^ and in that of (r) Ben in Hebrew fig*iify'tng the fame as Son in Englifh, they are called MefTjah Ben Ephraim, and Mefliah Ben Davie caufe Ephraim -was the Son of Jofeph, therefore they call this fiah Ben Ephraim, fometimes Mefliah Ben Jofeph. The full of rehat the Jews fay of thefe two MelTiahs is given by Dr. the end of his Commentary on Malachi. (d) They interpret na mere reign in tne nighelt Lrlory and Felicity j Ind of him rhey interpret all that is faid in the criptures of the Old Teflament of the Glory, 'ower, and Righteoufnefs of Chrift's Kingdom! lut all that they thus tell us of their twofold Me/Hah I a mcrj Fidion, framed without as much as aPre- :nce to any Foundation in Scripture for it, a vile nd moft pitiful fetch invented only to evade, what ley cannot anfwerj and their being forced to have xourfe to fuch a wretched Shift is a plain giving up f the Caufe, they make ufe of it for. Micah V. z. The words of the Prophet are, ^;^ ?ou Bethlehem Ephratah Jhalt be chief among the 'houfancls of Judah j Out of thee Jhall mne forth unto e he^ that is to he ruler in Ifrael. This (e) is the ue Tranflation of the Hehrew Text, and this all hridians undcrftand of the Meffiah^ and fo ancient- did the chief Priefts and Scribes of the People of le Jews^ (f) when confulted by Herod. But fince at time, in oppofition to the Gofpel, Jewifh Wri- rs have endeavoured to give this Text another eaning, fome interpreting it of Hezekiah^ fome of ?rubbabel^ and fome otherwife. But Jonathan y ho perchance was one among thofe Scribes^ whom ?rod confulted, gives the true meaning of it by ui^ rpreting it of the MeJJiah.^ in the fame manner as : Chriltians do. For his Verfion of this Text is, n of thee fhall come forth before me the Mefliah ivha ill exercife fovereign rule c'z;^r Jfrael. e) See Dr. Pocock on this Text in his Commentary on Micah. And his cellaneous Notes publijljed at the end of his Porta Moiis Cap. i. ) Matthew Cao. ii. 1. f . in oppoiition nereio cne jevjs appiy n and folcly to David himfelf, and will alio other meaning either Literal or Typical, but terminated in his Perfon. But the Targum is lide, for it interprets this Pfalm (g) to be a P of the Meffiah^ as all Chriftians do. Pfalm xlv. This Pfalm aifo Chriftians inte be of the Meffiah^ and they have for it the a of the holy Penman of the Epiftle to the i Chap i. ver. 8. In oppofition hereto the ' ply it wholly and folely to Solomon^ and will no other meaning either Literal or Typic what is terminated in his Perfon, and the I which he made with the Daughter of Phan the Tar gum is on our fide in this matter alfo, interprets it to be a Prophecy of the Meffia Chrillians do. Pfalm Ixxii. This Pfalm alfo the Jews int( Solomon j but Chriftians underftand it as a P of the Mejfiah', And the I'argum is on our fi jii 3 For (0 it applies it to the Mefftah in t manner as we do. Many other Inftan ces n produced out of thefe Targums^ wherein the cies of the Old Teftament arc illuftrated and ed for the advantage of the Chriftian Cau(< all oppofers. But thefe are fufBcient to ^ Reader a tafte of all the reft, and alfo to ftic iifeful thefe Targums may be to a Chriftian D all Controvcrfies about the Mefiah^ efpeciall} the Jews, For thefe 'Targums being their owr all Arguments taken out of them, if any th :heir GontroveiTies with the Jews. For he thinks, :hat our urging of any Arguments againft them ouc Df thofe Books may feem to authorize them, which iviil, faith he, be much to the difadvantage of Chri- ilianity, becaufe thofe Books being written with the ole yicw of eftabhihing the Jewifli Ceremonies and Religion, they will operate much flronger co the iipport of the Jewifh caufe than the Chritlian, But [ can fee no reafon in all this \ for certainly we may nnke ufe of the Targums of Onkelos^ and Jonathan^ for ;he proving of the ancient and true Interpretation of ;he Prophecies of the Meffiah explained in them, and 5f the other "Targums alfo for the fame purpofe, with- )ut our incurring thereby that ill Confequence, ivhich ihzt Fremhrnan would guard againfl:-, our u- ing them for this purpofe no more authorising all :ll€ contained in them, than our ufing the Prophe- cies of the Pentateuch againft the fame Jews can be aid to authorize their prefent Rites and Ceremonies :ontained in that Book, now they are wholly abo- ifhed by the Gofpel. Bcfidcs, when we make ufe )f any Quotations out of thofe Targums in our Con- Toverfies with the Jews^ they are chiefly ufed as ar- \unienta ad homines. And thus we may ufe Argu- nents out of the Alcoran againft the Mahometans^ md out of the Talmud againft the Je-ws.^ without giving in the leaft any authority or approbation there- by to either of them. With much better reafon the fame Frenchman (/) Jifapproves of the ufe of the Targums for the proof (k) Critical Hifiory of the Old Te/lawenf, Booh ii. Chap, 18. hath been thought to correfpond with th< Aoy©- in that Gofpel, and borh exactly to den fame thing. And therefore feveral learned Me endeavoured to explain the one by the othe from hence to prove the Divinity of otir S But others, as well as Monfieur Simon^ {m) bei iible, that this phrafe in the Cbaldee being ar of that Language, which may be otherwife e ed, they are againfl preffing any Argument 1 for this point, becaufe it is capable of an Anf which we cannot well reply. Thefe T'argums are publiihed to the beft ad\ in the fecond Edition of the Great Hebrew B forth at Baftl by Buxtorf the Father, Anno \6z that learned man harh therein taken great pa only to re6tify the Chaldee Text,, but alfo to the Vowel pointings in it. At firft thefe 2 were written, as all other Oriental Books, \^ Vowel points j but at length fome Jews att( to add points to them ; but this being done v( roneoully, ^^A'/<9r/ undertook to mend it ace to fuch Rules, as he had formed from the pu on, which he found in thofe parts of the Bo( Daniel and Ezra^ which are written in the ( Language. But fome think that the CJojildee is contained in thofe two Books, (n) is too from thence to frame Rules in this matter f {m) Lightfoot'i Hebrew exercltatkns on St. John'^ Gofpel, ler. I . [n] All th^t is vpr'itten in Chaldee in both thefe tveo Bot no more thstn i6y verfes, of -which 200 are in Daniel, and 67 And thefe, vpith one 'verfe in Jeremiah, is all that of the Chaldee . nac mail raKc upon tnem lo ceniure nis pertorman- ;es. The World is more beholden to him for his earned and judicious Labours, than to any other that ived in his time, and his name ought ever to be ireferved with Honour in Acknowledgment of it. Jut to return again to our Hiftory. Sofius^ whom Antony had left Governour of Syria n his going to Italy^ finding that Venti- ins had loft his favour by meriting too u^'^V^ luch from him in the Parthian war, {p) Dr the avoiding of the like envy, aflbon ns the war uth the JeiDS was over, induftrioufly avoided doing ly thing more, and lay by in quiet all the reft of le year. But he having done too much already by iking Jerufalem^ reducing Jud^a^ and placing He- )d in full poiTeffion of that country, and being other- ^ifea man of merit, Antony could no more bear him, lan he had Fentidius^ and therefore afibon as he re- irn'd into Syria (q) he removed him from that Go- srnment, and put Plancus Governour of Afta into is place, and fent C. Furnius to govern Afia in his ead. And thus it frequently happens to other un- ir-governours and minifters either of State or War, ley being as often undone by meriting too much om the Princes they ferve, as by demeriting from em. Orodes King of Parthia being in fome meafure re- >vered from that difturbance of mind^ which his ■cat grief for the death of P acorns his beloved Son ('oj Richard Simon in h'u Critical Hijiory, Book ii. Ch. i8. ) Dion Caflius lib, 49. p. 406, (^j Appian de Bellis Civili- i lib. T. by the beniority, ana appomtea t^toraates tnc of them, who was alfo the wickedeft and W( the whole number, to be King in his ftead, ( aflbon as he was poflefled of the Regal Powei the wickedncfs of his difpofition fully appear The firft thing which he did, was to put tc thofe of his Brothers which were born to I ther of a daughter of Antiochus Eufehes King ria-y for which he had no other reafon, but th were byihcirMother of a more nobledefcent, thcrwife of greater merit, than bimfelf. And findi his father was much ofFended at it, he put him t alfo. {t) At firll he attempted it only by givir Hemlock : But that, inltead of killing him, a Medicine to cure him of the Dropfy, wh then labourd with. For it working ofF in a purgation, it carried off the difeafe with it therefore to make fure work of it, the Parrici k6, him to be ilifled to death in his bedj an that {ti) he put to death all his other Brothei raged with that cruelty towards the Nobility, as all others, that he made himfelf the Odiur his People, whereon (w) fearing left they depofe him and place a Son of his, then grow Man's State, upon the Throne inftead of h put him to death to prevent it. Hereon (a Numbers of the Nobility of Parthia dread cruelty fled the Country to avoid it, feveral ol (r)" JuOin lib. 42. cap. 4. (s) Juftin ibid. Dioa ( 49- p JfoG, it' Plutardius in Crafib circa finem. ibid. (V) Juiiin iih. f i, cap, / , (x) Plutarchi hylonia^ and a defcendanc of thofe who had fettled in that Country after the Bahylonijh captivity, but (z) being of the Pontifical Family, and formerly well known to Herod^ he fent for him from Babylo- nia^ and put him into this Office > and that which chiefly recoiiimended him to this choice was theob- fcurity and meannefs of the man, that being a perfon without credit or intcreft at Jerufalem^ he might not there by vertue of his High Station and Dignity be in a capacity of interfering with the Regal Autho- rity. In the interim Hyrcanm continued a Prifoner at iS*^- leucia in Babylonia^^ till Phraates came to the Crown, Amidft the Cruelties which he exercifed among his own people, he fhewed kindnefs and generofity to- wards this Captive Prince. • For {a) aflbon as he was informed of his quality, he ordered him to be relea- fed from his Chains, and allowed him to live at full Liberty among the Jews of that Country, who re- fpeding him as their King, and their High-Pnefl. he feemed to have been as much a King among them, and to have as ample a Kingdom, as when he reign- ed at Jerufalem, For the Jews who were then fet- tled in Babylonia^ AJyria^ and other Countries, be- yond the Euphrates^ which were then Parts of the Parthian Empire, were as numerous as thofe in Ja- dion Caffius lib. 49. p. 406. Plutarchus in Antonio. rnicn ne maac grcai me or ivion^sjes^ rorming au nis chemes for the carrying of it on by his advice, and 3 engage him to be the more ferviceable to him erein (d) he allowed him the Revenues of three Ci- .es for his maintenance, as Xerses had 1'hcmifiocks^ ad promifed him alfo on his conquering the Count- ry to make him King of it. But while thefe pro- idis were a framing came Ambafladors from Phraates 3 invite MoUijefes home. For the Parthians very ill sfenting the baniihment of this great Man, and ^hraaUs himfelf dreading the Advantage which the L/nemy might have againil him from the advice of fo /ife and able a CoLmfeilor, and one fo well acquaint- d with the Country to direct an invaGon into it, his produced a refolution of recalling him 5 andfuch rerms being offered him, as he thought fit to ac- ept, he prepared for his return, jdntony had great ndignation hereat, and though he had him flill in lis power, yet thought it not for his interefl to put lim to death, becaufe this w^ould difcourage all o- hers from revolting to him \ but to make the befb Advantage of this Incident for his own Interefl, he )n his difmifHng of Momsfes fent AmbafTadors with lim to Phraates to treat of Peace, hoping that by ,mufing him herewith he might divert him from naking preparations for the War, and fo find him mprovided to make any refi fiance on his invafion ipon him. But he wholly failed of his aim in this natter. For intending to have invaded the Parthi- ans by the nearcfl cut over the Euphrates^ on his (c) Dion CaiTius 6c Plutarchus ibid. Juftin lib. 4Z. cap. f. 1) ninn CarTme Af Pliirarchus ibifiem. tamzes King ox Armenia, forthac Pnnce made a breach with Artavafcles King of Medi the revenging of his caufe upon him prefled to come this way, and on his failing of the oi vcr the Euphrates he accepted of the invitatioi had Artahazes afted faithfully with him, the dition in all likelihood would have had all the which was propofed. But (/) inftead of cone him the direfl: way^ which from Zeugma on t phrates (the place from whence he did firft fet this Northern march) to the River Jraxis^ th ted Media from Armenia^ was about five h miles, he led him over Mountains and difficult and by ways fo far about, that he made his to be of double the length, before he arrived borders of Media^ at the place intended for t ginning of the War 5 whereby not only the was fatigued, but fo much of the year fpenr, left him not time fufficient for the executing c was defigned. However {g} to make all the dition poffible, that fo he might be back aga enough to fpend his Winter with Cleopatra^ h marched all his heavy carriage (among which ^00 Waggons loaded with battering Rams, ; ther military Engins for Sieges) leaving St one of his Lieutenants with a guard of ten x.\ Men to bring them after him. With the reft Army he haftned forward by long marches till rived at Praafpa (otherwife called Phraatd) th (0 Dion CaiTius lib. 49. p. 407, (/} Strabo lib. u, p. {£) Plutaichus in Antonip. niiujg wiiiiuuL incni, aiiu tncrcroie wnen the A/^- an and Parthian Army came up to him, finJine m thus in vain fpending himfelf in this Siege, ihcy lyed not to give him any diflurbance for the railing ' it, but pafling him by marched forward to fall on atianusj who was coming up with the heavy car- iges, and having furpriled him in the way cut him F and all his ten thoufand Men with him (except- g only fome few who had quarter given ihem in e end of the Carnage) and took all the Engins of ^ar, and all the reft of the baggage that w^as with emj which was a lofs and difappointment that oftly contributed to the making the whole Expe- tion mifcany, next the ill meafures by \vhich it was ndu6i:ed, AfToon as ^;^/^;^j heard of the danger Statiams was , (k) he made all the hafte he could to his ai?ilV cc'y but came too late to give him any 5 for on his rival he found him and all his men dead on the field battel j but no Enemy appearing to oppofe him, fuppofed them fled for fear of him, and this ma- no, him refume his Courage he returned again to e Sieges but was there attended wrth the fame ill iccels as in all things elfe during this Expedition. )r the Enemy lying -near at hand continually haraf- i him with freih Adaults, taking all advantages for efpccialJy in his foragings. If he fcnt out few for is purpofe, they were ufually cut off in their re- h) Straho lib. ii. p. f^^. He there calls this City Vera, and f Ays it ■ d'.llant from the Reiver Araxis 2400 fnrlangSy i. e. 300 tndes. Piucarchus m Antonio. Strabo ibid. Dion Cafiius hb. ^c^. p. 407. Piutarchus Sc Dion CaiTius ibid. their retreat with that Iwittnels, and thereby efcaped the damages ufually fuffered in fuch that in the laft of them, when Antony tho vi6i:ory abfolute and purfued it to the utm found that there were only eighty of the flain, and thirty taken prifoners in the whole However he continued the Siege, till havin up all the country round he was forced to dc want of Provifions- but his Retreat being made through the Enemy's Country (/) miles (for {ni) at that diftance Phraata lay fi borders o£ Armenia) it was attended with gre culties, and continual dangers. He (n) vn beholden to a Guide, which he had of the ans (a people living near the confines of A Armenia) who being well acquainted with th try faithfully conduded him through it. Ti thian {o) Army followed him as far as the F raxis^ where the Territories of the Median and harafTed him all the way with afTaults, as they had an Advantage for them. (/>) ] times they fell on him with all their Forces, though he as often repulfed them, yet it w time with greater lofs to himfelf, than to t my. For aflbon as they perceh^ed themfelv< ed, they made quick retreats, as being all H fo as to fuftain no lofs in the purfuit. {q) Th he was in danger of being abfolutely undone bufhes laid in the way for him, which he c (i) Livii Epitome lib. 130. {m) Strabo lib. 11. p. yii tavchus in Antonio. (0) Plutarchus ibid. Dion Cs h) Plutarchus ibidem. iaS Plutarchus Sc Dion Cillms ib ans ever iince the deteat ot Lra[jMS^ came to the Ttian army to acquaint him of the danger. Al- 3ugh he made many errors in his condu6t of the ler parts of this war, there were none of them in is retreat. For he managed it with all the art and :cefs^ that it was capable of, and after a march of enty feven days from the walls of Phraata he DUght his army back again into Armenia^ tho' not thout great lofs. For on his taking a review of > army after his repafling the Araxh^ he found he ought back of his foot twenty thoufand, and of his rfe four thoufand, fewer than he firil carried over at River for this war, more of which perifhed by e hardihips of the Campaign than by the fword of e enemy. And although on his entring Jrmenhi : was there out of the enemy's Country, and had le pafTage for his army without moleftation, yet inter being now advanced, and Armenia all covered ith fnow, by continuing his march thorough ic iring this hard feafon he loft feveral thoulands more ' his men, fo that on his return to Antioch^ Florm ) tells us he fcarce brought back a third part of the imber he carried out. And yet he had the vanity 1 his return to boaft, as if he had come back with 6tory, and aflumed the honours due thereto. He as not at any time indeed during this expedition inquiihed in Battel, as Crajfus had been, but came ick alive at the head of his army, and without that fgrace to the Roman Arms, which attended the (r) Florus lib. 4 cap. 10. Velleius Paterculus [d'tth he loft a fourth pArt his Soldiers i md of the Servants^ Sutlers, and others, that attended the vnu. a third tart, lih ■? ran 8r. number of thofe, that were Jolt in it, \ greater j according to Florus's account is \ twice as much > for he went out with {t) ar thoufaiid men, and if he brought back on part, then above fixty thouiand muit have of them in this dellru&ive undertaking. Had Jrtabazes^ (u) who marched with ^ to Media with (ixteen thoufand horfe, c them in his fervice, that reinforcemen have enabled him to have purfued the Parth as often as they were repulfed, and to \\i thereby all the advantages of thefe defeat; making of that compaign fully fortunate, fiiithlefs man, who had drawn Antony into was the firll that deferted him in it. hearing of the ill fate of Statianus^ and t were cut off with him, he immediately ^ into his own Country, giving all for loft oi mans fide, and thereby did all that in him la] it fo 5 for which Antony at laft revenged hi on him in his utter ruin. But the main caufe of all the misfo this war, as well as of all others, that b noble Roman after his obtaining the ch mand of the Eaft, was that wicked and woman Cleopatra Queen of Egypt. On his 1: out of Italy into Syria he forthwith {x) fen thither againft the advice of all his friends, arrival (f) fhe influenced him to many u; (i) Piatarchus in CraflTo. (t) Plutarchus in Antonio, tarchus ibid. (lyj Dion Cafiius lib, 49. p. 407. Plutai {x) Plutirchus ibid. {) ) Jofephus Antiq. lib. \f, < 1 or conrcucruLiii^ wuii inc roirLmanb naa tnereon s Dominions granted to her. The ftay which fhe en made with him, much retarded this Parthian pedition. For that he might the longer enjoy her mverfation, {a) he fo long delayed his firft fetting It on it, and by reafon hereof came into Armenia fo :e in the year, that he could not have time enough do any great feats in this Campaign, had he been lly fortunate in it j and although he fent her away ain into Egypt before he marched forth with his tny, yet he went to this war with his heart fo be- itched to her, that he precipitated every thing to ike the more hafle to return to her again. And is precipitation was the caufe that made the under- ving fo miferably mifcarry, as hath been above re- ed. A great part of the Summer having been lYiX, ere he came to the River Araxis^ inllead of (ling it fo late in the year, he ihould have put his army ^re into quarters among the Armenians, After fo ig and fatiguing a march, as they made of it from na thither, they needed fuch a refrefhment, and nter being fo near, had he continued them ftill ^re in the fame quarters till the Rigour of it had m over, and began the war early in the fpring fol- ding, in all likelihood he would have had better :cefs in it, and would then have had time enough Fore him for the making of the beft advantage of This was the bcft courfe he could then have :en, and he was accordingly advifed to it 5 but the ^er defire, which he then had, of being fpecdily z.) Jofephus Antiq. lib. i;-. cap. 4. Dion Caffius lib. 49. p. 4ix- ter him, which not only made the liege of mifcarry for want of the Engins of battery, were with tbofe Carriages j but alfo was t of the lofs of all thofe Carriages, and of ^S* and his convoy, who were appointed to brii to him, they being all through this ill con off and deftroyed in the manner as above And when the iinlacky beginning of the v fo great a lofs had made every thing elfe mil it, and Antony was with great difficulty got gain into Armenia^ and ought at lead then put the remainder of his army into winter < it being the middle of winter, [h^) for the getting fpeedily back again into tSHr/^ for the g of his luft with that woman, he obftinatelyo his march over that mountainous country t vered all over with fnow, which loft him ; thoufand of his men more, who pcrilhed march byreafon of thehardjfhip of the feafon compleated the ruin of his army, and reduc to that fmall number I have mentioned. While thefe things were a doing in the great change happened in the Weft, Sexi fe'ius being driven out of Sicily^ and Lepidus from the Triumvirate. OBavianus and Lej, had jointly carried on the war againft Sextus usy and they having had that fuccefs in it, i to fubdue him both by fea and land, and dep {6) Plutarchus in Antonio. (c) Epitome Livii lib tarchus ibidem. (d) Dion Caffius lib. 49. Appim d( libus hb. f. Livii Epitome lib. 1 29. Suetpnius in Odavioj .^, and be content to lead the remainder ot it in a ivate and mean condition at Circeii a fmall maritim ivn among the Latins^ where he was fent into ba- hment. That he attained to be one of the three )ream Governours of the Roman Empire was whol- owing to fortune, he being without any merit in nfelf of either wifdom, valour or a61:ivity, to en- le him thereto j and therefore after he had thus len fi'om what fortune had thus raifed him unto, had nothing more left to recommend him to any ther regard, but ended his life in the place of his niinement in obfcurity and contempt. After this itony and O^aviams held the whole Romcin Empire dded between them > the former had all the Eaft im the borders of Illyrium and the Adriatic Gulph^ i the latter all the reft. And it is remarked, that tavianm was no more than eight and twenty years 1, when he attained to all this, and owed it all lolly to the wifdom of his own conduftj and with I fame wifdom, whereby he obtained this Empire, governed it ever after to the end of his life thro* ong and profperous reign. Aflbon as Antony had gotten back again into Syria, m his late expedition, {e) he retired to ^„„^, cecome^ a Caftle in Phoenicia lying betv;^een Herod 3.' Ion and Berytus^ and there fenc for Cko- ra to him, waiting for her coming with grea^^ patience, and for the' relief of it wearing away the le in the interim with feafting, revelling, and inkennefs, till her arrival, without being touchedt th any concern for the loffes of his late unfortu*i« tra^ but the money all from Antony-.^ but bo diftributed in her name, out of coraplaifance Aflbon as this was done Antony returned int( with her 5 and there they fpent the remainde winter in all manner of luxury and voluptuoul gether. The {f) making of Anmelus High-Prieft, putting by from that office Ariftobulus the fo lexander^ to whom it belonged in right of Sue caufed great difturbances in Herod's family. Jexandra^ Ariftohulus's mother, could not b difappointment, and Mariamne^ his fifter, Hevi beloved wife, was continually teazing and fc him about it. But he was moft embarrafled dangers and troubles which Alexandra creati For fhe wrote to Cleopatra about this matter, gan alfo by the means of one DelUus^ a favc Antony's^ to engage him in it 5 fo that Hero it neceflary for the fecuring of his fafety ar to gratify the two Ladies in what he found earneft for j and therefore having depofed . he made Ariftobulus^ then a lad of feventec old, High-Prieft in his flead 5 this fatisfying Ladies, and alfo pleafing the generality of i pie, it reftored peace again to Herod's fami prevented for the prefent all thofe dangers a culties from Antony^ which he was then tl with about this matter. But the adive genius of Alexandra would ] mit this calm long to continue. For fhe wi man of great fpirit as well as of a great und tter he had the irligh-fricitnooa (tnat going in tne ale line) but by his defcent from both he claimed le Crown, and Alexandra having fucceedcd in her lining of the one (h) purfued the fame means for le obtaining of the other alfo, that is by intreaguing ith Cleopatra^ that fo by her interpolation flie mighc lin over Antony to her. But Herod fmelling out this orrefpondence, and guefling at the purport of it, )nfined her to the palace, and fet fpies upon her, ho fo narrowly watched all her fteps, that none of lem efcaped their obfervation; whereon looking on ir felf as a prifoner {he refented it with great indig- Ltion, and for the remedying of it formed a plot r hers and her fon's efcape into Egypt to Cleopatra^ ho on this occafion had invited them thither : In der hereto a fhip was provided at the next fea-port wn, and they were to be carried out in two Coffins r their efcaping thither. Herod had an account of I this defign, and permitted it to go on till it was irually put in execution, but then feiling them on e Road brought them both back again. He durft )t openly refent what was done for fear of Cleopa- 5?, and therefore making a Virtue of Neceflity he etended out of Clemency to pardon that in both, hich he could not puniih in either j but from that ne refolved to rid himfelf of the young man aflbon he fhould have a convenient opportunity for it. {g) Hyrcanus and Ariftobulus -aiere the two fins ?/ Alexander Jannaeus, ixandra was the daughter and only Child 0/ Hyrcanus, and Alexander her isband was the Son of Ariftobulus, thefe two being married together were Parents of Mariamne, Herod'^ wife, and (>/ Ariftobulus tht High-Priefi, ooiei vea, mac cne young man grew mucn ini favour of the people j and the gracefulnefs perfon, as well as their afFe6tion for the Jlfi Family, of which he was the fole male rem: much recommended him hereto. Of which fiance was foon given on avery publick occafioi (i) the feafl of Tabernacles approaching, and hulus then officiating in the office of High-Pri difcharged himfelf with fo good a grace, a: fplendour of the Pontifical Robes did fo mi forth the beauty of his Perfon, that by both tl captivated the affection of the whole affembl every man's mouth was full of his praifes. Tl fed the jealoufy of tjie Tyrant to fo high a < that he had not patience any longer to bear hi: immediately after the feftival was over took have him drowned at Jericho. He went thithc Herod to take part of an entertainment there ded for them. After dinner was over feveral yWs attendance bathing themfelves in a Fill Ariflolmlus was perfvvaded to bath with them j was no fooner plunged into the water, but the were there before him, according as direfted Yod^ ducked and dipped him fo long under till he was then drowned to death. This w tended to be done only by way of fport an^ without any intending of that which follow( therefore endeavours were made to have his d pafs for an unfortunate accident, which happc chance without any defignj and none laboure to have this believed than Herod himfelf. or inc iiopcs or imviug hu uppuiuuiiiiy ur ucmg re- enged on the Tyrant for it. In order hereto Ihe )ut all her wits to work, and being well ftored with uch, as were proper for the effe(iing of fuch a de- ign, ihe had near brought it to pafs for the ut- er ruin of the murderer, and all his fortunes, as will >e by and by related. But all this while Antony lay idle at Ahxandrici^ pending the whole year in dalliances with Cleopatra y ad altho' fiir opportunities were offered him for the evenging of the Roman caufe upon the Parthians^ nd utterly fubduing that nation, yet he negle6ted hem all for the enjoyment of his luft with this vile voman. For Antony was no fooner returned from lis late expedition, but {k) the King of Media and sLing o£ Parthia fell out about the Prey, which they lad taken from him on the defeat o^ Sat i anus ^ the itter depriving the other of his fhare in it y whereon he Median fent an Embaffy to Antony^ offering to oyn with him againfl: the Parthian^ and to affift him vith all his forces. This offer Antony gladly accept- d of, as wanting the Median horfe to enable him 0 cope with the Parthians^ whofe whole ftrength ly in their horfe. And at the fame time he had an ccount, that the affairs of the Parthians were in ;reat diforders and diffractions by reafon of feveral Commotions, Seditions, and Rebellions then in that l^ountry, caufed by the tyranny and cruelty of their Cing. Both thefe junftures coming together offer- d Antony a very advantageous opportunity by a new xpedition againft the Parthians^ to make amends for (l\ Plm-orrKnc in Anrnnir* Dinn CofllUS ]ib. An. n. All.. of ihe put all her arts to work, feigning her fe ter his departtirc to be flck in love of him, thi abfence had caft her into a languifhing conditioi which fhe muft dye, unlefs he would return t( again : For fhe pretended, flie could not live > out him. This brought Antony back again to . andria^ and the Median expedition being laid afic devoted this whole year to the gratifying his ad rous love with this woman 5 and aiToon as he wj turned to her he fent his order to OUavia at Ai that fhe fhould not proceed any further ^ whicl ing refented by Od:avianus^ became the firft cau that w'kr between them, which ended in the ru both thefe lovers, for they both perifhed in it. This year did put an end to the family and fa o^ Pompey the Great, It hath been above related, at his death he left two fons, Cneius and Sextus^ that Cneius was flain in Spain after the battel of 1 da. Sextus the younger of them having efcaped thence fupported himfelf for fome time in a pin way at fea ^ but after the death of Cafar anc battel of Philippi (/) having gotten together o the Remains of his Party fuch a Naval Force as \ up 3fo fail, he feifed Sicily^ Cor fie a^ and Sart From whence being driven by 06lavianus and dus in the manner as hath been related (m) he to Leshus^ and there lived for fome time in qui mong the Mitylenians. But hearing of the ill fu of Antonyms expedition againft the Parthian. (I) L. Florus lib, 4. cap. 8. {m) Appianus de Bellis C lib. f, Dion Caflius lib. 49, 5Ut him to death, but a httle arter repenting of it he ent a fecond letter to have him faved alive. But the VIeflenger that carried the Letters of mercy making lafte with them arrived before the other MefTenger, :hat had the letters of death ; and therefore T^mus executing them not in the order of their date, but in :he order as he received them, did put the unfortu- nate captive to death. After this the Parties of O^a- vianus and Antony divided the Roman Empire, and :hofe of Pompey and defar were no more fpoken of. titius had formerly been an adherent of Sextus Pom- leiusy but having trcacheroufly revolted to Antony Tom him, he feared that if Sextus's Hfe were fpared, le might fome time or other be in a condition to be •evenged on him for it, and therefore peryerfely in- :erpreting the laft order that came to hand to be the aft that was fent, put him to death by vertue of it j ^hich rendred him fo odious to the Roman people, by •eafon of the great regard and afFe6lion which ihey lad to the memory of Pompey and his Family, that ^n) they could not after this bear the fight of him in ;he publick Theatre, but drove him out of it with :heir hifles and curfes even then, when he was there exhibiting to them Games and Shows at his own ex- ^ence and charges. Alexandra (o) having by Letters acquainted Cleopa^ ya of the murder of her Son, pofTefTed her fo efFeaually with the whole villany of Be- ^'^^^'^34. 'od in this matter, as fully engaged her to "*" («) Velleius Patercuius lib. 2. cap. 79. (o) Jofephus Antiq. ib. 15-. cap. 4. fo moliifyed Aritony^ tbac nothing could be doi gaiiril hiin, though Cleopatra failed not to purfui Caufe to the utmofl. But this not being fo mu( gratify Alexandra^ as out of a greedy defire to Herod's Kingdom granted to her in cafe he were in this caufe, and put to death for it, as he defe Antony fatisfyed her Avarice by giving her Syria inftead of Judaa^ and hereon fhe drop the reft, and no further profecution was herein. Herod on his leaving Judaa to go unto Antoi appointed Jofeph his Unkle to have the admir tion of the Government and the care of his F: during his abfence, and gave him particular charge, that in cafe Antony fhould put him to c he fhould not permit Mariamm his beft beloved to furvive the firft news of it, but immediately her off. This he ordered, that no one might' fo rare a beauty but himfelf, efpecially not A For he had been acquainted, that Antony had p: fed a palHon for her upon the very fame of her ty, and therefore concluded, that if the matter hard with him, it would be for her fake, that his death Antony might have the free enjoyme her, and therefore fhould death be now his caf ordered her death alfo, that he might thereb] prive Antony of the Prey intended, and fo by difappointment in her death as far as in him la; wtngQ on him his own. During Herod's abfence (f) Jofeph frequently (^) Jofephus ibicf. (^) Jofephus ibid. which exceedingly angling Mariamne and Alexandra, IS well it might, the latter immediately put her h\i{^ head to work how to prevent the mifchief intended. And foon after a flying report running through the City, that Herod was put to death by Antony^ flic forthwith contrived to flee for protection to a Le- gion of the Roraans-i who then for the Safe-guard oj the Country under the Command of one Julius la\ encamped without the Walls of Jerufalem, But while this was in Agitation came Letters from He- rod^ which dafli'd the whole Plot. For they brought an account, that he was not only alive and in fafety. but alfo in great favour with Antony^ and foon aftei he returned. On his arrival Salome his Sifter tolc him all that had been a doing in his abfence, anc filled his head with jealoufy as to Mariamne^ accu- fing her of having too great a familiarity with Jo- feph^ and thereby endeavoured to work the deftru- 6bk)n of both, though Jofeph was both her Unck and her (r) Husband > but fhe was content to facri- fice him, fo ihe might obtain her revenge upon the other. For Mariamne being a Lady of excelleni beauty, and high born, as being defcended of th( Royal Stock of the Afmo-a^ean Kings, and on botl' thefe accounts of as high a Spirit, fhe looked dowi upon Salome as one of a low Original in refpe6fc o her, and had reproached her with it, which the o ther not brooking refolved to be revenged on he (r) The Leviiical Latv did not exclude theUnde from worrying thsNiea though it did the Aunt from marrying the Nephev, the rcft/on of whifh i fibovs fhetcn under the year 187. amne about it, he foon found, that there was n< ion for this Accufation againft her, and thei earneftly beg'd her pardon for his too eafy Crc( herein, and for the better obtaining of her rec liation made great profcflion in pailionate eml of -moft ardent love and affe6tion to her. Y< di^td^ fays ihe, it is a notable fign of your lo order the putting your innocent Wife to deat cafe you fhould dye your felf. At thefe word; rod flew out of her Arms in the utmoft fury, ai Jealoufy all returned again upon him in greate ccfs than before. For he concluded that not but an adulterous Converfation, could bring ' to betray this Secret to her, which he had witl iitmofl caution committed to his truft, and ir tranfport of his paflion was juft on drawing y Dagger to have immediately ftruck her to the I but his love to her checking this firft ftart c wrath againft her, he vented it all upon Jofep. Alexandra, For the firll of them he put to without as much as allowing him an hearing to for himfclf, and the other he clapped into C and lock'd her faft up in Prifon, as looking upo to be the root and caufe of all the Mifchief, th liurb'd bis Femily. Cleopatra following Antony into Syria (j) was continually folliciting him for new grants of vinces and Countries to be made over to her, fh ing as unlatiabie in her Covetoufnefs, as {he v ^s) Jofephus Antiq. lib. if. cap. 4. 8c de Bcllo Judaico lib. i. i for the quieting ot her he was torced to give he cut of Makbus's Kingdom that part of it whicl bordered upon Egypt ^ and out of Herod's the Terri- tory of Jericho with the Balfam Gardens, whicl- there grew. By thefe large grants he much ofFen ded the Roman People, efpecially fince they wer made the price of that filthy Converfation, which hi carryed on with this lewd Woman. Antony from Syria marching into Armenia^ (w Cleopatra accompanied him as far as the Euphrates from whence returning by the way of Apamea anc D am a feus ^ fhe came to Jerufalem^ and was there ve ry fplendidly entertained by Herod. While fhe wa there, fhe pretended to be in Love with him, am would have drawn him into a6i:s of Lewdnefs witi her. The impudence of this attempt created ii him an abhorrence of the Woman, which joyn'c with the hatred he jullly had of her for the ill Offi ces fhe had endeavoured to do him with Antony fo the depriving him of his Kingdom and his Life, pro voked him to a Refolution now he had her in hi power to put her to death, and it was only the fea of Antonfs Refentments (the danger of which hi Friends, whom he advifed with about it, laid full] before him) that deterred him from putting it in Ex ecution. And therefore laying this afide, he wen on to complement and entertain her with all manne of Refpe^ls and Splendor, as long as fhe flaid witI {$) Plutarchus £c Dion Caflius ibid. {u) Jofephus Antiq. lib. ij cap. 4. 8c de Bello Judaico lib. i. cap. 13. 8c lib. 7. cap. 32. {w) Jofephus Antiq. lib. i j-. cap. f, In the mean time Antony in Armenia havir Treachery drat^n Jrtabazes King of that C( into his power made him his Priioner, and feii his Kingdom. He had deferted him in his lat dian Expedition, as hath been above related Antony greatly refented, and that juftly enou having been undertaken on the Solicitation ai the fake o( Artahazes. And therefore he ha iince entertained Refolutions in his Mind of revenged on him for it j in order hereto {y) \ feveral times under pretence of Friendfhip cnd^t ed to draw him within his power > But Artaha-. ing fenfible, how ill he had deferved from hit pe6led the worft, and therefore kept out of hi But now finding it was brought to this pafs, could be no longer avoided, but that he mull go to him or enter into a difadvantageous Wai him, and having all the Securities for his fafe i that folemn Promifes and facred Oaths coul him, Jie ventured his Perfon within his pow but he was no fooner entered into his Camp, 1 was clap'd into Chains, and contrary to all the gations of Faith and Honefty made a Prifoner. Armenians refenting this with the Indignation it deferved, immediately {a) put Jrtaxias the Son of the captivated King on his Throne (x) Jofephus de Bello Judaico lib. 7. cap. 32. (y) Dio' lib. 49. p. 411, 8c p. 41 5-. {z) Plutarchus in Antonio. I iius lib. 49. p. 415'. Epiiome Livii lib. 131. Velleius Patercul cap. 8i. Orofius lib. 6. cap. ip. Jofephus Antiq. lib. i j, cap {a) Dion Caflius & Jofephus ilid. ^fented by the People, (h) that O^avianus in his peeches both to them and the Senate made it one of le Reafons for the War that afterwards broke out etween them. After this if) he contrafted a Marriage for Jk>!^ nder ofie of his Sons by Cleopatra with a Daughter f the King of Media^ and then leaving the grofs ol is Army in Armenia^ he returned with the reft to tlesandria. On his arrival thither, he Entered the )ity in a triumphal Chariot, caufing the Prey which e had taken in jirmenia^ with Ring Artdhazes^ hrs ^ti^6 and Children, and other Prifoners, to be car- ed before him in the fame manner, as ufed to be one in the Triumphs at Rome^ only with this diffe- mce, that whereas at Rome the Proceffion ended at Ht Temple of Jupiter in the Capitol, here it ended c the Perfon of Cleopatra > who being feated in pub- ck on a Golden Throne placed on a Scaffold over- id ^Vith Silver, and furrounded by the People on i^ery fide, had there Jrtahazes and all the other Pri- )ners prefented in Chains to her. It was expeded lat they ihould all have kneeled down before her;, id they were prefTed fo to do> but they too much smembred their former Dignity to fubmit to fo low 1 Obeyfancej and this Rcfufal caufed, that they rere afterwards ufed the worfe for it. The Ro- tans looking on the Ceremony of triumphing as ppropriated wholly to their City (d) took it: nevoufly ill at the hands of Antony^ that he Should {b) Dion Caffius lib. 5-0. p. 419. {c) Dion CsiTius lib. 49. 41 f. ( and after having renewed his ;ague with the Median King, he himfelf haltned er them to Ephcfus^ there to be ready for the vin- :atingof his cau^ezg^inik O&avianus^ fhould it come a breach between them, as all things now feemed tend thereto. In this Journey he carried Cleopa- '' with him, which proved the ruin of all his Af- rs. His friends earneftly advifed him to fend her ck to j^lexandria^ there to wait the event of the 'ar. But Cleopatra fearing left in her ab fence a ace fhould be made upon Terms of Antony's again reiving O^a'via^ and excluding her, put the ut- 3ft of her intereft to work for the obtaining that 2 might ftay, and accordingly prevailed herein, er chief Argument for it was, that fince fhe con- futed moft to the expences of the War, (For fhe d advanced (i) twenty thoufand Talents towards it) was all reafon, that fhe fhould be allowed at her de- e to be prefent in it. Antony had provoked O^a^ anus againft him {k) by the wrong done to 06iavia s Sifter, whom having married he reje6ted for the 'atifying of his adulterous love with Cleopatra^ though ^avia was much the handfomer of the two. But that hich touched O^iavianas moft was, (I) Antony had :clared Cleopatra to have been married to Julius C^- r, and defarion whom ftie had by him, to be his {h) Dion Caffius lib. 5-0. p. 419. Plutarchus in Antonio. ^ (/) Th'u wunted to above four Millions of our Sterling money. (/c) Plutarchus Antonio. Dion CalTius lib. 49. p. 41 1. (0 Dion Callms lib. 49. 416. Plutarchus in Antonio. T i lawful But thefc were only Pretences for the gai Parties on each fide. There was only one tr of the prefent breach; neither of thefe t\^ Men being contented with one half of the Empire, each would have all, and accordingl; to throw the Dye of War for it. From Ephefus (ni) Ayithony pafTed over to and having there rendezvoufed the greateft his Forces failed from thence to Athens^ and two places he fpent the mod part of the ye both of them he lived after his ufual rate in j iier of Luxury, Pomp, and Voluptuoufnefs, Cleopatm with him, who was the chief caufi immerfing himfelf in thefe excefTes, But at t time he omitted nothing of making all fuital parations both by Sea and Land for the Wi mg^ and O^avianus did the fame> and botii called in all their Friends and Allies to their a herein. Sqfi^s (whom we have afore fpokcn of in th ^ of Judiea) and Domitim Aenoharhu Hero/6' Confuls at Rome the next enfuing y both embraced the interefl of Anto taking the advantage of Odiaviaiim's being tl lent from Rofne^ promoted a Decree to the P( gainft him 5 whereon Oviavianus returning, his defence making a Speech in the Senate Antony and the Confuls, aiTigned a day for t gain to affemble, when he promifed he woul bit to them Letters, and other Evidences, tc good all that he had faid > but before that da^ Miereby having rid the l^ity or ail Opponents he MS there left at full fcope to fay and do whatfoever e thought fit for the advancing of his own Intereir id the depreiling of that of his Adverfary j of which bitony having an account (6) called together the bief Men of his Party, and after confultation had ^ith them about this matter, by their advice decla- ;d War againft him, and (p) fent a Bill of divorce ) Octavia^ and MefTengers to Rome to drive her out f his Houfe in that City, in which fhe had hither- ) lived. And in purfuit of the War, he {q) had by lis time fo far advanced his Preparations for it be- 3nd thofe of OEta^vianus^ that had he forthwith jflied it to a final decifion, he mufl unavoidably ive carried the day, Oclavianus being then in no adinefs to ftand before him either at Sea or Land 5 It the gratifying of his Luxury, and the indulging I his pleafures at Samos and Athens caufing a pro- aftination of this matter it was deferred till the :xt year after, which proved the lofs of all. For J that time OEtavianiis had gotten together thoft orces whereby he ruined him at Aclium^ as will be f and by related. And befides, while he thus de» yed, many of his Friends and Partizans (r) deferted m, and went over to Odiciviams-y the principal of hich were (r) Plancus and Tttius^ whom Cleopatra'^ ufage drove from him, which tended very much his damage. For rhey having been made privy to I his Gounfels and fccret Deiigns, on their revolt- { 0) Dion Caffiuslib. fo. p. 420, {p) Dion Cilllus ibid. itarchus in Antonio. Epitome Livii lib. i;2. Eurropius lib. 7. Oro- . l;u A. ^^^ .- /-^ nl.,* I ;u;j ' f..\ nl.,..«..„1 v. with the Veital Virgins at Kome^ they in O^avianus o^ itj whereon having gotten thi out of the hands of ihofe with whom it v trufted, and openly read and recited all the o Particulars of it to the People, he thereby ver excited them againft Antony^ they who had \ been well affeded to him, as well as all othc preffing great indignation hereat> And this ^ thing being from the Authentic Inflrument u bly made out againft him, it operated much to his hurt, in that it made every thing elfe t] charged upon him, how fldfe foever, to be I: alfo, and advantage was taken herefrom to 1 reputation with many vile Imputations, that i the leaft foundation of truth in them. For i was thought bad enough not to be believed after this matter. Otlaviams having gotten a Fleet and Army which he thought fufficient for the encount the Adverfary, no longer delayed declaring W (/) caufed it to be decreed only againft Cleopat though the War was in reality againft Ante he craftily took care, that his name ftiould mentioned in this Decree for feveral reafons : to his Intereft at that time. For this would I voke the ¥nQnA% .oi Ant ony-y this would mal ( 5 ) In that JVtll he had declared, that Csefarion Cleopatra' horn in hivftd IVedlock, and therefor^ was the ktoful Son, am, of Julius Cxfar. And he had by the fame Will given mofi of t ries of the Roman Empire rphich were under his Command to and her Children, and ordered his Body, where-ever he fljould dy Rome itfelf, to be Cent to Alexandria to .Cleopatra, there to be bu Ajja.li, wi» leir fides, and both brought great Armies into the ield, and both alfo fet forth as great Fleets at Sea >r the decilion of this quarrel. For Antonfs Forces : Land and Sea confided of an hundred thoufind ►ot, and twelve thoufand horfc, and five hundred hips of War, and (t) O^iavianus's of eighty thou- nd foot, twelve thoufind horfe, and two hundred id fifty Ships of War; and with thefe Preparations ley begun their Hoftilities againft each other both v Sea and Land. In order hereto Otlavianus ren- ^zvoufed both his Fleet and Army at Brundufium^ id Antony came as far as Corcyra to meet him, but le Summer being now fpentj and the tempeftuous afon of the year advanced, they were forced both ) retreat, and put their Armies into winter Quar- ;rs, and lay up their Fleets in winter Stations till le next Spring. While the Preparations for this War were thus irrying on, {u) -Herod had provided an Army for le affiflance of Antony^ but when he was ready to jt himfelf on his march towards him, came Letters om Antony^ which excufing him from this Expe- tion, fent him to make war nearer home againfl talchus King of Arabia Petraa. It hath been a- 3ve related, how Cleopatra extorted from Antony a rant of that part of Makhus's Dominions which Drdered upon Egypt. Malchus^ inftead of quarrel- ig with her about it, agreed out of fear of Antony > hold that Territory of her for a certain Tribute 5 lis Tribute he duly paid while Antony was in power, id at liberty to force him to it 5 but now finding m^itter, than the bare recovering of her T^ She concluded, that when thefe two Kings be thus put together by the ears, one of them he killed in the War, and then ihe fliould ha' Kingdom of the flain for a Prey to her. He the receipt of thefe orders marched with ; Forces into Arahia^ and there after a fharp figh Malchus obtained a very fignal Vidtory ovei but in a fecond Engagement with him at C Coclc'Syria he had not the fame fuccefs. For nion^ who was Cleopatra's Lieutenant in thofe out of hatred to Herod joyning with Malchus . battel againfl him, he was there overthrown \ great Slaughter, and he himfelf hardly efcaped fome remains of his vanquiflied Army, the reil all cut in pieces. And not long after (w) another Calamity \ to him from a terrible Earthquake, Hero/^* ^^king the whole land of Jud^a in j grievous tnanner than had been known, deflroyed about thirty thoufand of tl habitants in the ruins of the Houfes, which it threw. Herod being much afflifted herewith, 1 the Arabians to crave Peace, but they having moured among them, that the deftrudion was greater than it was, defpiled the Mefllige, and (tx>) Jofephus Antlq. lib. 15-. cap. 7. 8c de Bcllo Judaico cap. 14. Jt is to be obferved that fofephus faith in his Antic^m miy ten thoufand penfhed in this Earthquake. His words there yMetO'j?y i. c. one Myriad, but in his book of the Jemflj War it yiV(:ia.^cL^i that is three Myriads, which is thirty thoufand. Tor c im uuuy. nnu mciciuic {^xj nc ii4vuj^ gotten tlicn together, and encouraged them with a Speech prope] for the purpofe, marched with them over Jardan tc meet the Enemy, and in the firft encounter over threw them with the Slaughter of five thoufand o their men, and befieged the reft in their Camp where he diftrefTed them To far for want of Water that he drew them to another Battel, in which h( flew {^vtn thoufand more, and forced all the remain der to yield themfelves Prifoners to him, whereor the AraUans were neceffitated to fue in their tqrr for Peace to Herod ^ and were glad to aceepi what they lately .defpifed, on fuch Terms as he thought fit to demand from them> whereby He- rod having obtained all, that he intended by thi: War, returned with Viftory and full Triumph agair to Jerufakm. In the Interim {y) 06iavianus and Antony were baftning to bring their Conteft to a final decifion Aflbon as the Seafon would permit, their Armies a- gain took the Field, and their Fleets the Sea, and i'everal Encounters hapned between Parties fcnt oui from each fide both by Sea and Land, in all which Victory declared in favour of O^a'vianus. This can- fed that many of Antony's fide defpairing of his Suc- cefs, efpecialiy fince they faw him fo much under the Condud: of Cleopatra^ went over from him to O^la- vianus. This made Antony diftruftful of all the reft, !nd therefore refolved to pulh the matter to as fpee- jya Decifion as he could 5 and the other being as ea- ^er for it as he, this brought on the Battel of Atti-^ camped at a place, where afterwards in Commen tion of the Vidory, which he there obtained built a City, which he called (a) NicopoUs -, there he had his Fleet alfo near him on the S fo that the Stations in which both Fleets anch were not above a mile's diftance from each c Canidiusy who had the chief Command of Jn Army, {b) perfwaded him to decamp from jIc and march into the inland Country of Thrace or cedon^ and there try his fortune in a battel at 1 its being much ftronger in his Army by land, th his Fleet by Sea. For Antony had been forced burn many of his Ships for want of Rowers anc riners to navigate them, {d) moft of thofe, wh( came out with them, being dead through wa neceflaries whereby to fubfift, and the reft we] ill mann'd. But notwithftanding this, Ckopatrc vice prevailed to have the matter decided by a at Sea 3 For in cafe of the worft ftie though might much better efcape in her ihipping b^ than fhe could by a flight at Land 3 and therefc ther foreboding or fearing the worft fhe pre with Antony to try his fortune by Sea, and acco: ly on (/) the fecond of September this yeai Fleets engaged before the mouth of the Ami Gulph near AUium in the light of both Arn (2:) Dion Caffius lib. 5-0. p. 426. Strabo lib. 10. p. 4f lib. 4. cap. I. {a) Nicopolis \n Greek pgnifieth the City o {b) Plutarchus in Antonio. {c) Dion Caffius lib, 5-0. p. {d) Plutarchus in Antonio. Orofius lib. 6. cap. 19. C^) E fius ibid. Plutarchus ibid. (f) Dion Caflius frith this B, iomht on the fourth of the Nones of Seotember, lohich acconlin jiic ucnj^ diiiguLcu wiLii LUC iioiic auu terror or tn( Battel, as being what Ladies ufe not to be acquain- ted with, fled before there was any reafon for it and drawing after her all her Egyptian Squadron tc the number of fixty tall Ships of War failed off wit! them towards Peloponnefus-, hereon Antony giving al for loft made after her, and this flight gave the Vi- iStory entirely up to 0^avianus\ however he cam( not eafily by itj for Jntonfs Ships fought fo valiant ly for him even ^fter he was fled, that although th< fight begun at noon, it was night ere it was ended fo that the Viftors were forced to lye on board thei Ships all night. Next morning O^avianus finding his Viftory compleat, fent a Squadron of his Ship in purfuit after Antony and Cleopatra^ but they fooi finding them to be gone out of reach too far to b( overtaken returned again to the reft of the Fleet. Ii the interim Antony and Cleopatra {lo) got to 'T^naru in Laconia. (h) Although Antony^ aflbon as he came up with Cleopatra's Ship, was taken on board it, ye he faw her not through all this Voyage, but fettin^ himfelf down in the Prow of the Ship, and then leaning his elbows on his knees, and his head oi both his hands, as one copfounded with anger anc ^ame for the ill condud and mifcarriage of his Af fairs, continued in this rnelancholy pofture for thre< days together till his arrival at ^cenarus. But afte this being brought again together they again con verfed with each other,^ an*cl did eat together, an( lye together in the fame manner as before. For An (g) Plutarchus in Antonio. Don Caflius Jib. 5-0. L, Floros lib. cap. II. Velleius Paterculus lib. i. cao. Sr. Orofins lih /» m-n i oFhis Ships, that had elcaped the fight, and ic of his Friends there repaired to hinij by whom ving an account of the total defeat of his Fleet, that his Army at land was flill fafe, he wrote to nUius to retire with ic through Macedonia into purpofing there to renew the War. Cankiius f< ven days made the march, which Antony directed to, hut being then overtaken by OBavlanus he by night to Antony^, whereon the Army fii themfekes deferted by their Generals went ov( 06i.avianus^ and were lifted by him among the n his Forces, After this defeat (k) the foreign Auxiliaries, helped Antony in this War, fled all home to the fpe6bive Countries, and afterwards made their i with Oclavianus upon the bed: Terms they c Some of the Princes he depofcd, and fome of he continued in their former Ihtej but on all of laft, as well as on the free Girtes, that had j with Antony, he impofed heavy raulfts, where he difcharged the Expenccs of the War. But the Romans that were of Antonf^ party, fome of he pardoned, and fome he fined, and others h to dearh, according as their condufb had beei wards him. Among thofe whom he put to i was CajffiusParmenJis the laft furviver of defafs derers, and he periihed in as calamitous a manm did all the reft. For (l) %^iQf the Battel of A&ih lied to Athem^ where being terrified with the Apparition, as {m) Brutus had been at Philippi (i) Plurarchus ibiJ. Dion CafTius lib, 5-7. (k) Dion jiiitiinLC. roi or an inuic vvno conipirca niS iVlU der in the Senatc-houfe (who are faid to have be< (j^J fixty peribns) it's remarked, (o) not one died ; his bed, but all of them came to their end in a vi( lent and calamitous manner. And although this Ca jius efcaped the longeR, yet at length Vengeanc overtook him alio, "and he periihcd as niifcrably did all the other. From {p) 1'^narus Cleopatra failed to Aksmdri: and Antony to Libya, He had formerly {q) fent th thcr Pinarius Scarpus to be Governour ot that Pr( vince, and there placed an Army under his commar for the guarding of the weftern Borders of Egypt \ gainft all that fhould come that way to difturb i This Army he thought to have had for his fervic which was the end of his going thither. But c his landing there (f) he found Scarpus and all wit him had revolted to 06iavianus -, which difappoin ment calling him into dcfpair, he would have* flai himfelf, and it was with difficulty that he was d verted from it by his Friends. All therefore that w; nov/ left for him to do was to follow Cleopatra to j. kxandria^ where {he was returned a little before. C her Arrival thither fearing fhe might not be rece ved, were her Misfortunes known, fhe entered tt Harbour (s) with her Ships crowned, as if fhe hcis no more than ^00 fur longs ^ which is 37 of onr miles, but the i Geographers reckon from Pharma to Sue?, which is the fliorteji cut oz Ifthmus, to be 70 miles. (x) Plutarchus 2i Dion Cafifius ibi( (y) Plutarchus in Antonio. Strabo lib. 17. p. 794. (^) C vif^eas Pliitarrfinm in Anrnnin. Rr nincrpnpm I .'iprtium lib. o. & Lu But in them he did not long continue, fome di- (lurbances in Italy (c) calling him thither in the midft of Winter to appeafe them. Af- ^^^^ Cer the battel of jldlium (d) he had difmifs'd I great part both of his own and Antonfs Soldiers. The Veterans he fent into Italy^ and others elfewhere, without giving them any pay, having not then fuffi- cient for itj for want hereof thofe in Italy raifed a mutiny J for the quelling of this {d) he fent Jgrippa his chief Confident into //^/j' i but the work being too hard for him, {d) O^iavianus was forced in the moft tempefluous feafon of the year to haften aftet him to Brundujium, On his arrival at that place {e) he was there met by the Senate and a great part oi the better rank of the people of Rome^ and having there called the mutineers to him {e) he diftributed to fome money, as far as what he then had would go, and to others lands, and made fuch promifes of fpec- dy (atisfaftion to the reft as induced them all to be contented for the prefentj and accordingly after the Conqueft of Egypt (f) he paid them all out of the Spoils of that Country, and added Donativ.es over and above. And having thus fettled all matters in /- taly (g) he returned again within thirty days, and foi the more fpeedy paflage, and to avoid the Tempefts of the Sea i*ound Peloponnefus^ he fiiled into the gulph of Corinth^ and drawing his Ship over the Ifthmus o{ {a) PJutarchus in Antonio. (b) Suetonius in Odavio cap. 1 7, (c) Piatarchus in Antonio. Suetonius ibid. (d) Dion Cafliu: lib. 5-1. p. 4.44, 44)-. Plutarchus in Antonio. Suetonius ibid. 'e) Dion Caffius ibid. (f) Dion Callius lib. ci. p.4.4.f, 44.5, neither did he leave him till his caie was grow folutely defperate. (i) On his return into Egyp rod fent an efpecial Meflenger to him with th Advice the (late of his Affairs was theft capab that was, to kill Cleopatra^ (Qiit her Kingdom with her Trcafure raife a new Army to carty War J and promifed him in this cafe to iland t to the utmoH. But when he found this Advi( Heglefted, and that Antony w^s fallen again in Snares of Cleopatra as much as ever, he thou| high time to look to himfelf, and endeavour tc his Peace with OSlavianus dn tiie beft terms he But Hyrcanus being ftill alive, who Was the oi niaining perfon of the male line of the ^fmt and who had himfelf reigned in Judaea tindi protection of the Romans^ till depofed by the J ans^ {]) Herod had fufpicion, that if any thirty hard with him, it would turn in favour of ti for the reftoring of him again to the Kingdoi therefore for the preventing of it having trum[ a fham plot againft that old Prince, as if hi eorrefpondence with Malchus King of Arabia accomplifhing of treafonable defigns againfthin fed him under this pretence to be put to death he had pafled the eightieth year of his Age. But ftill fearing what might happen, {k) t vide the bed he could for the worft, fhould \ his Fate, he lodged Mariamne and Alexandra h therin the Caftle o£ Alexandrium with a ftrong under the command of Jofeph and Sohemus^ t (h) Jofephus Antiq. lib. i^, cap. lo. 8c De Bello Judaic nd keep it as well as he could. And having thus -ttled all matters at home he fet forward on his ourney to meet O^iaiJianuSj (/) and having found im at Rhodes and there obtained audience of him, n his entering into his prefence laid afide his Dia- em, and in his fpeech of addrefs to him freely owned 11 '' that he had done for Antony^ and what further he was ready to have done for his interefl: both ■ by his council and afliftance, would he have ac- cepted of them. This, he faid, he thought him- felf obliged to by the Friendfhip that ^yas between them: and would he be pleafed to think the like Friendfhip worthy of his acceptance, he ihould, now he faw Antony was wholly loft, be ready wirh the fame fidelity to ferve him.'* O^f^vianus being luch taken with this generous and frank way o( lerod's thus delivering himfelf before him, told him, )at he readily accepted the Friendfliip which he ot- ;red, and ordering him again to refume his t)iadeni ^) confirmed him in the Kingdom. Whereon he lade very large and magnificent prefents to OElavia- IS and all his Friends, and after this had more of is Favour and Friendfhip, than any other tributary rince of the Roman Empire, as long as he lived. Hereon Herod being much pleafed with this goodl jccefs went back into Jud^a with much Joy, buc 1 his Arrival thither found all this fovv^red with roubles in his own Family. For (n) he found Ma^ imne his moft beloved Wife, in whofe converfation I moft dehghted, fo far imbitterM againft him, that (I) Jofephas Antiq. lib. if. cap. lo. &DeBclIo Judaico lib. i. cap. if. have been better pleafed, had he never returne this Journeys but had utterly perifh'd ink. Th of this was, {n) when Herod committed her a mother to the charge of Sohemus on his go O^avianusj he order'd him, that in cafe he be put to death, he fliould immediately on his certain notice of it put both of them to deat and do the utmoft he could to preferve the for Pheroras^ to whom he had in this cafe c it. And this he did not only, that no one elfe have the Enjoyment of the beautiful Mariamn that none might be left alive of the Afmonaan to claim the Crown in oppoiition to that c which he had made of it to Pheroras his Broth and her Mother being the only perfons remaii that houfe for the oppofing him herein. Anc andra being a Lady of an afpiring Spirit t herfelf as capable of governing that Realm, Grandmother of the fame name, who as Que prefided over it with great Wifdom and Prude nine years together. And to give her her i had the bed Headpiece for craft, deiign, and cal intrigue, of any Woman of her timej an well knowing this, thought he could not be l1 any part of the Scheme, which he had laid Succeffion, could take place, if either fhe Daughter were left alive after him, and tl ordered, that both of them fhould be put tc in cafe it iliould happen to him as he fearei Sohemus having blab'd this out to Marlamne^ committed to him under the greareft charge c fyj this was that, which created in her tha ^^ [uj lULo {^yrici rioiii tncnuc Lumviiuc r.gypz on laut ide, while Cornelius Gallus his Lieutenant, whom le had appointed to fucceed Scarpus in Lihyci and Cy- ene^ invaded it on the other. On his Arrival at Pto- rmais (p) Herod there waited on him, and entertain- ed him and all his Army with great magnificence, md furnilhed them with necefliiries till their Arrival nto Egypt^ and over and above prefcnted OBavianus vith eight hundred Talents, by v/hich hofpitality md munificence he very much ingratiated himfcU vith him and all his followers. In the interim Jn- ony and Cleopatra tried all they could to obtain peace vith OElavianus^ but without any Succefs. {([) Three imes they fent AmbalTadors to him for this purpofe, md went fo far as to oifer to rengn all and be con- :ented with a private Life in any place which OUa- 'nanus fhould appoint, only the Kingdom of Egypt ^vas defired for Cleopatra's Children, but neither oi ihefe Embaflies could obtain any anfwer for Antony ; 3Ut to Cleopatra fome hopes were given > OEtav'umus tvas defirous of having her Treafure and her Perfoii n his power, the former for the difcliarging of the Expences of the War, and the other for the adorn- ing of his Triumph > and therefore would not make tier defperate, left fhe fhould deftroy both 5 for the preventing of this feveral kind MefTas^cs were f:^nt tc her, and by them fhe was made to exped much Fa- vour in cafe fhe would kill Antonys this flie woulc not do, but after this flic betrayed him in all things, till at lengih ilie forced him thereby to kill himfelf {0) Plutarchus in Aatonio. Suetonius in 06lavio cap. 17. Jofephu Antia. lib. ir. ran m. Ornfius lib. 6. criD. lo. Cft) lofeDhu of them, could enter thither with a land Arm] Juftum being a very ftrong place Antony expei Hiould have held out a long time, and theref went to fecure Peritonium. Cornelius Gallus the this place for 05iavianus. The Army which there commanded having been in the pay and oi Antony^ till carried over from him to 0<^, by the defertion of Scarpus^ he hoped, that appearing before Peritonium^ they would again to their former Mafter, and deliver up the p him 5 but when he approached to the Wall would have fpoken to the Soldiers, Gallus cat his Trumpets to found, fo that not a word of he faid could be heard by them ^ and Gallus ir afeiy after Tallying out upon him not only repc land forces, but having by a Stratagem hem'd his Ships in the Port took or deftroyed every them. For on the approach of this Fleet he ped chains by night to the bottom of the ei of this Port, and permitted them to fail into i out oppofitionj but on their being gotten in by Engins provided on each fide ftrained thofc fo as to bring them up to the furface of the he thereby hinder'd their return, and then for aflaulting them on every fide both from fea ai obtained over them the vi6lory mentioned, after this defeat hearing of the taking of Pi ^nd that 05lavianus was advancing towards . dria^ {t) haftned thither for the defence of tha and there falling on Odtavianus'^s horfe on th( coming, while under the fatigue of their mar cafe of failure to fail with it for Spain and there re- new the War. But when both Fleets were drawr Lip in line of battel, that on Anton'f% fide inftead oi engaging the Enemy all went over to rhem j where- on Antony returning into the City had this furthei [nortification, that he there found all his land for- :es, both horfe and foot, hadalfo deferted from him j md perceiving all this to have been effc6ted by the Freachery of Cleopatra he could no longer forbear jxpreffing his Refentmcnts for it with loud Com- )laints 3 whereon Cleopatra for fear of him {x) fled to L monument, which fhe had caufed to be built of a ^reat height and wonderful Strufture near the Tem- )le of Ifis. Thither fhe had before removed the belt >f her Treafure, and there having now fhut her blf up with two of her Maids, and one of her Eu- luchs, caufed it to be given out that fhe was dead, v-hich Antony hearing of {y ) fell on his fword, and hereby gave himfelf the Wound of which he died 5 ut living fome few hours after, and hearing that Cleopatra was flill alive, he caufed himfelf to be car- ied to her Monument, where being with Ropes rawn up to her by the hands of her felf and her two iaids he there died in her arms on the firft of Au- 'ift^ eleven months after the battel of A5iiu?n, He ^as a perfon of a benign temper, and of great gcne- Dfity, and of eminent note for his military Abilities, («) Dipn CafTius ibid. Plutarchus in Antonio. (v?) Dion CafTms Plutarchus ibid. Orofius lib. 6. cap. 19, (x) Plutarchus 8c Dion ifTius ibid. {y) Plutarchus in Antonio. Dion Caffius lib. fi. 45*0. L. Florus lib. 4. cap. 11. Strabo lib. 17. p. 79f . Suetonius in rice and her ambition, which were two prcdo paflions in her, facrificed hcrfelf to hisluft, aiK Ihe could no longer ferve her defigns of hiii content to give him up to ruin for the faving own intereil, but ihc fucceeded not herein ac( to her Expedations. For although Octavian her fair hopes, thereby to have her Treafurc ved for his Occafions, and her Perfon for h umph, yet when he had gotten both into his he no longer regarded her 5 which ihe being of {z) and having private notice given her, t was to be carried to Rome within three days tc a part in the Show of O^avianus's Triumph, cauled herfelf to be bitten with an (a) Afp, died of ic for the avoiding of this Infamy, af had reigned from the death of her Father (b) tvv^o years, and lived (c) thirty nine. She wa: in an of great parts, as well as of great vice an ednefs. She readily fpoke feveral languages. ] ildes being well skilled in Greek and Lati^ could converfe with Ethiopians^ froglodites^ Jc rahians^ Syrians^ Medes and Per/tans^ without terpreter, and always gave to fuch as were c Nations, as often as they had an occadon to to her, an anfwerin their own language. In he {z) Plutarclius ibid. Dion Cafiius lib. 5-1. p. 4)-2. Galen mca ad Pifonem Cfip. 8. Vclleius Parerculus, Florus, 8c Eutr (a) An ^■Ifp is a Serpent of Egypt and Libya proper only to tk tries. Ihofe that are- bitten by tt dye within three hours, and tt cf their dmg being by Sleep rmd Lethargy, ix>ithout any pain, chofe it as the eafiefi death. (b) Canon Ptolemaei. Plu he firfl that had this praefeaurej and under this orm of Government Egypt continued a Province of he Roman Empire fix hundred and feventy years, till D was taken from them (e) by the Saracens in the ear of our Lord 6.^1. Qciavlanus having thus made himfelf mafter of E- ypt^ and thereby put an end to the civil wars of the iomans^ he cut off all fuch of the oppofite party, as le thought might again revive them, among whom ^ere {f) Antyllns^ Antony's eldeft Son by Fulvia^ (/) ''iafarion^ Cleopatra's fon by Julius C^far^ and {£) Ca- idius^ Antony's Gcncrdy others he impoveriihed with ;reat mulds, and others he pardoned. C^farion ha- ing claimed to be the lawful Heir of Julius Cafary or that reafon could not be born by the adopted Ion. What was the efpecial caufe oi^ Antyllus'sbQ- [ig cut ofF is not faid, but he having (b) efpoufed hilia the daughter of O^avianus^ and all manner of ndeavours having been made to fave him, we may i'om hence infer, that he would not have been put o death, but that there was fomc extraordinary Rea- on that caufed it. To {i) Antonius the younger bro- her oi Antyllus by the fame mother, and to all the eft of Antony's children, whether by Ful-via^ Otla- na^ or Cleopatra^ QUavianus fhewed great kindnefs, fpecialiy to Antonius^ who afterwards became one of he chiefefl of his fevourites, and he gave him in (d) This Gallus -^xs a fr;nous Latin Toef, of vs>hom Virgil -ofrote his rnth Eclogue, he being a familiar friend of his. {e) Elmacini Hi- :oria Saracenica fub anno Hegirae vicelimo. (f) Plutarchus in Lntonio. Dion Caflius lib. 5-1. Suetonius in Oaravio cap. 17. ,^ Ar^lU;,!, Dn-flr/-,,!.,. i;u - ^or» 9.1 OrrvG-it; lib 6. CSD.IO. (h) Dion 05iavia were two Daughters, the eldefl; wa Antonla Major^ and the youngeft Antonia Mim the latter of which were defcended Caligula ai dtus^ and from the former Nero^ who all thre wards became Roman Emperors. For Antonlt being marryed to Drufus the younger Brc Tiberius bore him Germankus the Father of ( and Claudius who fucceeded Caligula -, and Major being marryed to L. Domitius JEmban him (^;^^/^j Domitius^ who by Agrlppina the D o^ Germanic us ^ and Sifter oi Caligula^ was the of iV^r^. And therefore though Otiavianus r tained the Empire, yet Antony's pofterity aft enjoyed it. And thus it often happens to \ and the Conquefts of Kingdoms, the fam( Riches. Thofe that gain them, know not w afterwards enjoy the Fruits of themj anc is the general inclination of mankind to t concerned for their pofterity than for themfelv( inuft be reckoned as one of the Mercies of Pro^ that it is fo5 for otherwife the world could fup ported. While O^lavianus was in Egypt ^ he (y^) wer Sepulchre of Ak^ander^ and there fiw hii which being embalmed, was there ftill preH a cafe (/) of Glafs. It had formerly been k( cafe of Gold, but that having been taken a Seleucus CybiofaEles (as (m) haih been above it was afterwards put into a Cafe of Glafs, that 05iavianus faw it, and paid great Hon ■ riA <^n(efnninc in ^Aavirk ran t9 Dion Prinins US CT n As 05lavianus came to jile:>iandrla in the beginnin of Auguji^ fo he had there fettled all the affairs of E gypt by the end of it 5 and in the beginning of ^y^^ tember again marched thence to return by the way c Syria^ Leffer Afta^ and Greece again unto Rome, Fror this conqueft o^ Egypt begun the ^ra of the A^ia Vidory, by which the Egyptians afterwards (p) com putcd their time till the firfl year of the Empire Diochfian^ Anno Domini 184. From that time wha was before called the JEra of the AHiac Vi6tory ws afterwards called the Mra of Diode/tan^ and by th Chriftians of thofe parts the jEra of the Martyn becaufe in the reign of that Emperor began the tenti Perfecution, in which a very great number of Chri llians fuffered Martyrdom for their Holy Religior Although this jEra had its name from the Aciiac Vi 6tory5 yet it had not its beginning (q) till near a fu' year after it, that is from the time that Egypt wji reduced 3 for the day from whence it commence was the ipth o^ Augufi. And therefore that was eve after the firft day of the year through all the yean by which thefe JEra's^ that is the jEra of Diodefta or the Martyrs, as well as that of the A^iac Vidory did calculate the times, thro' which they were ufec The reafon, which fixed the beginning of this Mrd and of all the years in it, to the twenty ninth c (n) Dion Call'ius 8c Suetonius ibid. {0) Dion Caflius ibid. {p) Dion Caflius tells us, lib. 5-1, p. 4^-7. that the Romans decreed t! day on -which Odavianu.'; reduced Alexandria fhould be declared a fortuna day, and that from thence all their future yean in Egy^t /hould be recho, ed, that is as from a fixed and ftated Epocha, and fo accordingly it w there done. (q) The Aftiac Vi^ory was gotten on the fecond us oil what day it happened. 1 he true reaion c ing it at this day was, becaufe this was then the day of their (r) month Thoth^ which was alwa] New-year's day of the Egyptians^ from whence began all their annual Calculations, and therefc was thought the propereft time from whence t gin all the alterations in their ^Er^, and their which the Romans on the Conqueft of their Co made in both, and that efpecially (/) fince the of that Conquefl fell in therewith. For at time the form of their years, as well as the M\ which they calculated them, was changed by th der of the Conqueror. The old Mr a which w now in ufe among them was the Philippic^ v commenced from the death of yllexander^ and tli ginning of the reign oi Philippus Aridaus his Si for 5 and the form of their year was the fame the NahonaJJarean^ made ufe of by the \ChaIa which contifted of twelve months of thirty each, and five additional days fubjoyned to t that is, it confided in the whole of :56f days ^ out a Leap-year, the want whereof made this to be a moveable year, which after every four begun a day fooner, than it did in the years i] diately i^reccdingj fo that in the fpace of 146Q this form carried back the beginning of the through all the different Seafons of Summer, Sp Winter, and Autumn, till it brought it about {r) Thoth Tvas the fiffi fticnth in ihe Egyptid^n year. ( Conqaeji of Egypt, and the total redu^iion of that Country to ti mans, was accofvpisfJ^ed in the month of Augufl:, and fully fettlei the end of It. See the decree of the Senate for the changing of the r roi wiicrcub tiic uLiici liiicc iiiiu uuiy nve uays ill- peradded at the end of each of them, the Leap-year had fix, that is it confided of twelve months of thir- ty days each, and fix additional days fubjoyned to them, whereas all the other years, that were not Leap-years, had the fame number of like months, and only five of thofe days added after them. And hereby the Egyptian year was made to confifl exactly 3f the fame number of days as ihc Julian^ though not sxaftly in the fame form. For in all other particu- lars the old form of the Egyptian year was retained ifter this reformation in the fame manner as before. And the firft of 1'hoth^ which was always the firfl iay of the Egyptian year, falling on the zpth of Aw yift^ and about the fame time when the Romans on :heir Conqueit of Egypt ordered this reformation, :his induced them, that they fixed the beginning ol :he new year, where they found the beginning of :he old, and the ipth of Auguft ever after continued :o be the firft: day of the Egytian year, as long as the Empire of the Romans continued in that Country > md from thence alfo, that is from the ipth o^ Au- \uft of this year, the new Egyptian ALra of the Acliac l^i6lory, as well as their new reformed year, for the ame reafon had its Commencement. Bur againft: this t is objected, that in this year (s) the firft of T/jotb iid not fall on the ipth of Auguft^ but on the 31 ft: of :hat month, and that therefore this cannot be the {s) The firjl of Thothi which was the New-year's day of the Egypthnr, vas not fixed alvffjys to the fame feafon in the old form of the Egyptian '^^r, but tvas 7noveah}e, for it moved backxpard one d-iy m every fourth 'I'hoth fell this year in the Roman Kalendar c 3 1 ft, and not on the 2pth o£ Auguft-y but the L then ufed the Form of the Julian year errone whereby it came to pafs, that the fame dav, ' was the thirty firft of Augufh in their true Kal was the twenty ninth in their erroneous Kale which errour proceeded from hence, that aft( death of Julius C^far the Pontificcs at Rome (a been (/) above mentioned) {u) mistaking the t' the intercalation, made every third year to b Leap-year inftead of every fourth, by which < fix hours were added every third year more fiiould be, which in the fixteen years, that in ned from the firft ufe of that form to this ye mounting to a day and a quarter, this erroneoi dition had then protruded the 29th o^ Augufl erroneous Kalendar into the place of the 31ft c gufi in the true Kalendar, and according to tl roneous Kalendar the Romans then computed, i continued to do for thirty fix years after thi forming of this year by Julius Ccefar^ till at 1 {tt) Auguflus on the difcovery of this errour took that by making no leap-year for twelve years ther, all the time that was erroneoufty added, ^ gain left out, whereby the protruded days in ti roneous Kalendar were all brought back agi their proper places, where they ought to have according to the true Kalendar. But the prot: of the day making no alteration in. its numb name, hence it came to be faid, that it was the oi Auguft^ whereas truly it was the 51ft of er tne Koman yoaK. n\x\. inc M^gypnans^ to avoid he difgrace of thus owning this Conqueft, rather hofe to call it the JElra of the Acliac Viftory, tho' hat was gained a whole year before, and lince this ^ra was only ufed in Egypt^ they had it there 1 their full power to call it by what name thc)^ leafed. Herod hearing of the death of Antony^ and th.ic )Elavianus had thereon made himfelf mailer o^Egypf^ w) haftned thither to him, where he was received /ith great kindnefsj and on Ocfavianus's leaving E- ypt^ having accompanyed him as far as Antioch^ \\z 3 far ingratiated himfelf with him on the way, as o gain a chief place in his friendfliip, the effeS: vhereof he found in the grants which he made him if large augmentations to his Dominions. For lie lot only reftored to him the Territory of Jericho^ vhich with the Balfam Gardens therein had been aken from him by Antony to gratify Cleopatra^ but ;ave him alfo Gadara^ Hippon^ and Samaria in the in- and Country, with the Towns of Gaza^ Anthcdon^ foppa^ and Straton's Tower on the Sea-Coaft, which dded a very confiderable enlargement to his King- lom. 05lavianus on his arrival at Antioch (Osr) found there ^'iridates (who had been fet up to be King of Par- hia in oppofition to Phraates) waiting his coming hither 5 and there alfo he found AmbaiTadors from ^hraates on the fame errand, that is to folicit his .{Tifiiance againft each other. It hath already {y ) )een related, how after Antony's unfortunate ex- UK T /• /"TT^ II /v ) ! "liVm Cr,C^\^^•: \'\V\ from thence furnifhed Artavafdes with fuch ; of Raman Soldiers, as enabled him to ove Phraates in a great battel. This happened in tl thirty three. But the next year following (a) on his entri ng into war with Odiavianus havi only recalled thofe Soldiers from him, but alfo ed thole, which Artavafdes had fent him out o m lieu of them, this fo far weakened Arte that in a fecond battel he was not only overt] but alio taken prifoner, and Phraates in pui this Victory made himfelf mafter of all Mec Armenia^ and reinflated in the latter Artaxias t oi Artahazes again in his Kingdom, out of wl had been driven by Antony \ with which fuc well as with that, which he had before obtr ver Antony^ (h) Phraates being much puffed elated carryed himfelf with fuch Tyranny, C and proud Opprellion, that the Nobility of. being no longer able to bear him, in the yea one confpired againft him, and having driv into banilliment chofe the abovementioned 5 to reign over them in his ftead. But the ne after (that is in this prefent year thirty) Phrc returned with an Army, and having vanquiihi ^/<^/^i recovered again his Crown, and forced th per to flee into Syria for refuge 5 where h< followed by the Ambaffadors from Phraates^ I have mentioned, both parties accofted O^i at Antioch on his return thither out of Egypt t that afliftance from him againfi; each other, they wanted. QEtamanus gave to each a frier (2,) Dion CaiTius lib. 49. Plutarchus in Antonio. U) Lirn, accepting of him a Son of Phraates^ that had ill'n into his hands, whom he carried to Rome th^re 3 referve him as an Hoftage againfl: Phraates. After 'lis having {d) appointed Mefjala Corvinus to be Prc^ !(5t of Syria^ he marched from Antloch into the Pro- ince of Propo" Afia^ and (e) there took up his v/in*- ^r Qiiarters. In the beginning of the next year (/J 06lavianus ntered his firft Confuifhip, and had there- 1 many great honours decreed to him at h"!V^' lome. In the Summer following having ^' ?ttled all the Affairs of the feverai Provinces of Lef- r Jfta^ and the Ifles adjoyuing, {g) he paiTed into ^.reece^ and from thence {h) returned to Romc^ where e arrived (?) in the month of Sextilis^ afterwards ailed Auguft^ and entered it {k) in three Triumphs, ^hich were celebrated three days together -, the fird 3r his Vi6tones over the Dalmatians^ Pannonlans^ Lid feme other German and Gallic Nations, whom he ad vanquiihed and brought under, before his War /ith Antony htg^w^ the fecond for his Sea Vi6lory t Aclitim 5 and the third for his V^i6cories in Egypt ^ wA the fubduing of that Country > which laft was he moft fplendid of the three, in it w»re led be- 3re him the Children of Cleopatra^ and althouc"h he ould not have her in Perfon to adorn this Triumph, (d) Dion CafTius lib, fi. p. 447. Videas Cafauboni contra Baronii xercitationem primum cap. 30. («j Dion CaiTitis lib. f i. p. 4,j-^. f) Dicn CalTius lib. j"!. p. 45*7. Suetonius in Oftavio cap. 2^. \) Dion Caffius lib. 5-5. p. 45-8. (h) Dion Caftius ibid. ) Macrob. Saturnal lib. i. cap. 12. {k) Dion Gaffius ibid. Epi- iue of money tell one hair, and the prices of Hons and all vendable wares were doubled t After this Triumph Odiavia/^us (m) had the 1 Imperator^ that is Emperor, conferred on hin in the common (cnife, wherein it was formei derftood> (for in that it imported no more Complement given by the Soldiers to their ( after a Vidtory obtained by them under his mand) but in a much higher. For in the S "Which it was given to 05lavianus at this tir carried with ic the fame meaning, in which a afterwards governed the Roman Empire, were Emperors. Herod on his return from the late vifit wh made unto O^avianus^ how much Content anc fa61:ion foever he had therein, and the fuccef found nothing but Trouble and Vexation at in his own Houfe. {n) Mariamne flill retain Refentments for the cruel Commiffion given b to Sohemus againft her and her Mother, and them on fo far, as to treat with equal averlic and all his Relations, efpecially Cyprus his V. and Salome his Sifter. Them fhe frequently uf ed with th^meannefs of their birth in refpeft ol which was provoking enough to a Female \ and him ihe as often reproached with the de her Father, her Grandfather and Brother. I humour he left her on his laft going unto OUar and in this humour he found her on his return, out knowing the caufe. (For that Mariamn (I) Dion CafTius lib. 5" 1. p. 45*9. Orofius lib. 6. cap. 19. »wred her to fuch a degree, as to frame her mind )r the reception of the utmoft Refentments, which is former wrongs done li be put to death for the ferving of his dedgns, and id twice ordered her death in cafe of his own, ic ould put difficulties upon the moft patient and bed mpered Woman in the World, how to bear fuch 1 Husband with any Afte6i:ionor Complaifmce. But erod's Rage being quenched with her Blood, his Dve to her again revived > whereon followed fuch a tter Scene of late Repentance, as is fcarce any licre elfe to be met with. AiToon as his Wrath is allayed > inftead of it Agonies of Sorrow, Re- st, and tormenting Remorfe for what he had done led his Mind, which would not let him reli: either ^ornighti where-ever he went, the thoughts of o) L e. Alexander the /on of Ariaobulus, vh wis put to death at An- h, hy the procurement of Herod ar}d Aruiparer his Father Servants to bring her to him, as if ihe were live. Hereupon alfo there happened (s) a grievou lence, which carried off great numbe H^^o^^o o^^^^ common People and Nobilit) Land J which all there reckoned a Judgment from God, for the death of the This further added to Herod's grief and difoi that not knowing what to do, he flung up t of all bufinefs, and retired to Samaria^ w! fell into a great Sicknels. After having Ian under it for fome time, he at length got ri with difficulty, and returned again to Jerufal the care of his Kii^gdom. But never again i cd his former temper. For after this he wa ved to aft with greater rigour and cruelty i ever had before, and continued fo to do to h end. While he lay fick at Samaria^ {t} Alexandra ?.6livc and bufy head could never be at reft, ing that Herod would dye of this Sicknefs, i ately laid Plots for the feifing of the Govei in order whereto fhe treated with the Cover the two Caftles oijerufalem^ that o'i Antonk mountain of the Temple, and the other in tl to have them delivered into her hands, know whoever had thefe two Caftles, had with tl maftery of Jerufakm and all JtuUa. Her ] was to fecure the Kingdom in cafe of Heroc^ for his Sons by Mariamne-y but the Coven thofe Caftles, liking neither Alexandra^ nor figns, fent an account hereof to Herod^ who {u) O^aviams having at Rome filled the Senate vith his Creatures, vvhofe fortunes depcnd- d on his holding on the Government, then u""''/^' jropofed to them to refign his Authority, nd put all again into the hands of the People upon he old foundation of the Roman Commonwealth, rafrily making this offer for the gaining of the ap- tlaufe of the people, and the cloaking of his own mbition, when he knew that all of that afTembly their intereft lying on the other fide) would unani- loufly prefs him to the contrary, and fo accordingly t happened. For he had no fooner in a fet fpeech nade the propofal, but the whole Senate with an nanimous voice diflliaded him from it, and prefixed lim with all manner of Arguments to take upon him lone the whole Government of the Roman Empire, /hich at length he yielded to with a feeming relu- tancy, and by this management brought it about, hat the monarchy of the whole Roman Empire was t this time by the unanimous confent both of the enate and People of Rome conferred on him for ten ears. For he would not accept of it for any longer ^erm, pretending, that by that time, he hoped, he lould have fettled all things in fuch peace and rder, that there would be no further need of him, ut that he might then with fafety to the Common- wealth eafe himfelf of the burden, and put the Go- ernment again into the hands of the People and Se- atc, as it formerly had been. This method he took D make the matter go the more plaufibly, but with itention, when thofe ten years fhould be expired, ^ain to renew his leafej and fo accordingly he did nueu HI mm auu ma oucceiiors ever atter, as i the Roman Empire continued, without being ( gain retrieved. With this new power it was ved to confer on him a new namej fome w( his afliiming that of Romulus^ thereby to impor he was as another Founder of Rome j and oth( fered other names j but (ic;) Mtmacius Plancus propofed the name of Auguftus ^ w^hich fig fomerhing that above humane is facred and v ble, that was made choice of, and conferred o by the general fuffrage of the Senate 5 and it ^ ways after this born by him, and his {mccq,'^^. that inllead of the name of C. Julius C^far O Tius^ which he had hitherto born, he from ther ward took that of C. Julius Cafar Auguftus. therefore whereas I have hitherto mentioned ] the name of GUavianus ^ I fhall henceforth give him that o^ Auguftus as often 'as there fj an occafion to fpeak oi him in the future fe this Hillory. I'hat he might feem not to ta whole pov^er of the Roman Empire to himi made a lliow of allowing the Senate a fhare of him. For havmg,(^A;) divided the Empire int parts, the one containing thofe Provinces whic quiet and peaceable, and the other thofe, wh ing'upon tne out-skirts of the Empire, and I m^ upon the barbarous Nations, were expc troubles and wars, the former of thefe he affi^ tho. Senate to be governed by fuch of them, been Confuls and Pretors, according to their {yo) Dion Cafiius ibid. Suetonius in Odiavio cap. 7, Vellei cuius lib. 2. cau. 01. Roitome Livii lib. \-iA. Cenn^rinnq rle himfelf. But herein he Ihewed his great Wiiaom ana fagacity, for by this method he fecured all the armic- and military power, wherein confided the whole flrength of the Empire, to himfelf, they all lying lo thofe Provinces v/hich he had chofenj whereas the others being without them, fuch as governed thofe Provinces could have no power from thence to create him any danger or difturbance. The latter were call- ed the Senatorial Provinces, and the other the Impe- rial, and of this Imperial fort were particularly Cili- cia^ Syria^ Phoenicia^ Cyprus^ and Egypt in the Eall. befides others in the other borders of the Empire. {y) Salome flilling out with Coftobartis the Idim^ai her fecond Husband, whom ihe had married ^^^^ ^^ after the death o^Jofeph her firft husband, ^{^^^^ ^^ fent him a bill of divorce, contrary to the law and ufige of the Jews, For according to thai {£) the husband might divorce the wife, but not the wife the husband-, but Salo'm^ hy Herod's authority made that go for law, which beil pleafed her. On hci having thus abdicated her husband fhe returned tc her brother, and to make her felf the more accepta- ble to him, pretended that {he had difcovered Corto- harus to be ccnfpiring againft him with Lyftmacbus. Mtipater^ and Dofttheus^ men of note in that Coun- try, and that for this reafon fhe left him, as prefer- ring the love of her brother before that of her huf band. And to gain the better credit to her accuia- tion, fhe difcovered where Coftoharus had concealcc the fons o^ Bab as contrary to his order and interelt (y) Jofephus Antiq. lib if, cap. i r. (z.) Deuteronomy xxiv place ot laiety where he had kept them cone ever fince. Herod on Salome's information fent tc place which fhe named, and there finding all 1 true, which fhe had told him concerning thee believed her as to all the reft, and therefore i with ordered not only them, but alfo Cofloharui ftmachus^ Antipater^ Dofttheus^ with feveral o who were accufed as their accomplies, to be p death. Cornelius Gallus being recalled from Egypt^ {a tronius was made Prefed in his place. Gallus c return to Ro^ne being too (b) lavifti of his tons gainft Auguflus was for this reafon forbid his and the Provinces under his command, and with infiimy. After this, other accufations cc againft him of Concuflions, Rapines, Extortion! other Mifdemeanours committed by him, whil( vernour o^ Egypt ^ he was by the unanimous V( the Senate condemned to Banifnmentj but h( vented the execution of this fentence by fallir his fvvord and flaying himfelf. He (c) was ar nent Poet, and (d) a familiar friend of VirgiVs^ \ pears by his tenth Eclogue, which was writt( him. Herod having cut off all of the AfmoTKean \ without leaving any alive that had been favour it, thought himfelf now fecure againft all i dangers, and therefore {e) made bold in many t to deviate from the Jewilh ufages by bringing : {a) Strabo lib. 17. p. 819. (b) Dion CafiTius lib. 5-^. Suetonius in Oftavio cap. 66. (c) Vide Voffium de Poeris tncir v^ountiy. idul notning orrdcaea tnem mon than fome Trophies, which he had fet up round hij rheater in honour o{ Auguftus^ and in commemora- :ion of his Victories. For they taking them to be [mages, for that reafon could not bear them. Heroa :o convince them of this folly having called feveral )f the principal of them upon the place caufed the f\.rmour to be taken off in their prefence, and when :hey faw nothing appeared under, (/j but a naked tern of a Tree, their indignation was turned into aughrcr, and fo this matter went off. But the other innovations ftuck hard with many, .nd gave fuch great offence, {£) that fome )f them to the number of ten perfons en- p'^^V^* ered into a Confpiracy againft him for the ^^^^ ^^' :utting of him off by an affaffinationj for which )urpofe having provided themfclves with daggers un- let their Garments, they went to the Theater, where ^-lered was then to come, defigning there to fall up- in him and flay him. But one oi Herod's fpics (of vhich he had great numbers abroad) having gotten ome inkling of the matter made difcovery of it to lim, as he was going to enter the Theater, juft vhen the plot was ready to have been executed up- n him, whereon the Confpirators being fcifcd, they i^ere all put to death by moft exquifice Torments, ^nd he that made the difcovery did not fare any bet- zv. For he having hereby incurred the general odi- m of the people, fome ot them meeting with him 1 a convenient place fell on him, and tore him to (/) A Trophy xoas a whole fuit of Armour roith the Head piece y dref- would be larelt tor him to have other pla llrength in the land to depend upon befides [ lem^ and therefore fetting himfelf on the builc feveral other ftrong Cities in the Land he begui that of Samaria, This City, once finious for the Capital of the Kingdom of Ifrael^ was del by John Hyrcanus^ as hath been above related. Gahinius was made Prefident of Syria^ (b) he o the rebuilding of itj from him it was fometim ed (/) the City of the Gabinians^ that is of thofe Gahinius had planted there j but under thei place advanced no further, than to be a fmall \ Herod firft made it again a City, and reftored it priftine fplendor, and in honour o{ Auguflus ci Sebafle. For Sebaftos in Greek is the fame wit guftus in Latin^ and therefore Sebafie is as mucl lay the City of Juguflus. This place {k) he \ with fix thoufand new Inhabitants invited t from all parts, and divided among thei Country about it, which being of a very fertil aflbon as it was cultivated, it brought forth plenty, as in a fhort time rendred the place ri( populous, and made it fully anfwer all the pu for which he intended it. He alfo put a G into Straton's Tower (which in honour of C^Jc guftus was afterwards called C^faria) and he d ianie in Gabala^ and in fome other Fortrefies, lay convenient for the keeping of the Coun quiet. The n;ime o^ Auguftus growing flimous all o\ (h) lofenhu"; Ant-Jn UK ti. tat*, to (\) CpHrpnns *C4.i.iiv^ VVilC/Ill ^'e now call the Chinefe. They being anciently fa- nous for the making of filk and filken maniifadtures, lence (n) Serica became the name of Silk, and Seri- cum (I) L. Florus lib. 4. cap. 12. Suetonius in OtClavio cap. 21. Oroiuis lb. 6. cap. 2! . Eutropius lib. 7. (m) Lib, 4. cap. 12. (n) The Jeres firji ufed the -way of making filk from the -web of the filk -worm. ^rom them that name and thing came to the Periijns, md from them to he Greeks md Latins. The firfi time that any fdk was brought into jreece was on Alexander^ having conquered Perlia, and from thence it 'ame into Italy in the fiourijljing times of the Roman Empire. But it %vas I long while very dear in all thefe wejiern parts, as being weight for yveight f equal value with Gold, a pound of the one cofl'mg a pound of the other ^ For the Periians took care to keep this manufaclnre for a long while wholly '0 themfelves, not permitting the filk-worms to be carried out ^/Perfia, oy %ny to pafs from thence into the weji, that were skilled in the managing oj 'hem, and thus it continued to the time of Juftinian the Emperour, who lied Anno Dom. <-6,-'. He looking on it as a great hard/l/ip, that the SubjeBs of his Empire floould buy this manufacture of the Periians at fa 'lear a rate, in order to put an end to this impofition fent two Monks intc [ndia, to learn there how the filken Trake was managed, and on their re- turn to bring the (ilk- worms with them^ that fo he might fet up the manu- facture in his own dominions. Thefe Monks on their return told him, that the filk-worms could not be brought fo long a journey, but underfandin^ from them that their Eggs mighty and that from them the worms might bt propagated, he fent them b.:ick the fecond time to bring him of thofe Eggs{ who having e^tSied what they went about, and brought to Conf^antinopk on their return thither great quantities of thofe Eggs, from thsm ha\e been propagated all the filk-worms and filk-trade which Live fnce that beer, there, or any where elfe in Europe. Till that time the Ancients were fc ignorant how Silk was made, that it was a common ?iOtion among them, that it grew on the Tops of Trees. But fnce that it hath been fuffckml) made known, that though Cotton be produced from Trees, Silk is no when made, but by the web of the Silk^worm. For a long while Silk rra^ won wily by women, and it was thought a great injlance of Luxury and Ejfemi the Inhabitants. Herod for the remedy here- Treafure being then empty) melted down plate of his Palace, even that which was mof] able for its fafliion and workmanlhip, and r money of it, fent it into Egypt to buy Corn, there was then great abundance of it 5 and i friendfhip of Petronius the Roman Prefed got cnt from thence not only to fupply the wants his own people, but alfo wherewith to relie NecefHiics of his Neighbours in Syria ^ whc under the fame diftrcfs. And whereas moll Flocks of Jud(e% were confumed by the drouj that there was not Wool enough in the La the clotithing of the Inhabitants againil wait took care that fuch Quantities were importei foreign Countries, that every one before the ap] of the cold Seafon was provided with fuffici fence him againfl all the Severities of it 5 by a<51:s of Charity and Generofity he not only re \tA unto him the affedion of his people, with till now, by reafon of the Severities and Cruel his Government, he Hood upon very ill Term fi Law was made Ne veftis fenVa viros foedaret, i. e. That Jh&uld defile or difloonour himfeff by wearing Silken Garments. , StUjfwas all of Silk, it wsis called Holofericum, when the Woof Silky and the IV^rp of Ltnnen or Woollen, or the Warp only of Silk, Woof of lJn7ien or Woollen, it was called Subfericam. When afte) came into ufe for Men to wear Silk, it was at firfi only of the lai that which was all Stlk, was for a long time left wholly to the u Women j fo that it was reckoned by Lampridius as one of the mfam ef Heliogabalus'^ Character, that he was the firfi man that wore ricum. Videas de hacreplura apud VolTium in Etymologico Tub his good deed in the fame excels as before, what he ;ained by the one, was foon again loft by the other; nd therefore he continued to make himfelf, to his life's end, the general odium and averfion of thofe iver whom he reigned j and it was owing only to he prote6tion and power of Aitgiijiiis^ and the Ro- mns^ that he was fupported againft it. THE Old and New Testam Connefted in the HISTORY O F T H E Jews and Neighbouring Nat FR O M T HE Declenfion of the Kingdoms of Ij and Judah to the time of C h r i ^ P A R T II. B O O K i: ^UGUSfUS with the beginning "'I year entering into his tenth Con- fuliliip, (a) had a Decree of the j Senate made in his behalf, which freed him from the obh'gation of all and fet him above them all, with an abfolute to do all things in the Government of the } according to his arbitrary Will and good Pic and many things elfe were decced in his t lis and magnificence, that in fome manner it ex- :eded herem even the Temple it felF. And it was ore efpccially famous for two large and fumptuoiis ►artments erc6ted in it, the one of which he called efareum in honour oi Auguflus C^efar^ and the other grippeum in honour of Agrippa Augufius's principal ivourite. This fame year {c) Herod furnifhed Auguflus with /■e hundred men out of his Guards for the carrying 1 of an Expedition againfl the Southern Arabs. ) He having heard of the wealth of thofe poople, at they abounded in Gold and Silver, and other iches, propofed either by Treaty to make them his iends, and fo open a way for Commerce with em, or elfe by Conqueft to make them his Sub- 51:s> and could he compafs either of them, he ex- ited thereby much to augment the wealth and :hes of his Empire. And he had alfo this further ew, that in cafe he fhould either as Friend or Con- leror gain a footing in that Country, he fhould rough it have an eafy way open for the fubduing 'the 'Troglodites^ their Country being feparated from e Southern Arabia only by the narrow Streighrs )w called the Streighrs of Babelmandel^ through hich the Arabian Gulph difchargeih it felf into the )uthern Ocean. For as the Arabs dwell on the ifbern fide of thofe Strcights, the 'Troglodites did en dwell over againft them on the Wellern fide. 'iUus Gallus^ a Roman of the Equeftrian order, was (b) Jofephus Antlq. lib. ij*. cap. i 2. 8c de Bello Judaico lib. i . cap. 16. > Jofephus Antiq. lib. 15-, cap. 12. Strabo lib. 16. p. 7S0. Kingdom, and Syllaus was his chief Minille] pcrfon of great Craft, Vigour, and Applicatic knowing the Country, undertook to htGallus^ in this Expedition, and thereby made it mifc betraying him in it. It was propofed to thorough the Country of the Nahathaans^ ai thence to enter on this Expedition 5 hux.Syll and when he was landed, all his Arm] Hck of a Difeafe common in that Country, forced to lye by all the remaining part of th mer, and the Winter following, to wait thei very. Early {e) the next Spring he fet out fron come in the expedition on which HeroVff ^c"t,and after a march of fix month; ward came into thofe parts o{ Arabic he intended, vanquiflaing in his march all t pofcd him: But through the difficulties of tl which Syllceus treacheroufly led him, the hea Climate, and the unwholfomncfs of the Air, L »u»tiiL,i vjuiuca, iiiiu \jy njcii tiuiimijcc recurnea in xty days to the fame parts of the Nabathaan couii- y, from whence he had been fix months in march- ig out, and there {hipping his Forces at the next ort called Negra^ crofled the Arabian Gulph in ele- m days, and landed at Myos Hormus on the Egyptian de, and from thence by the way of Coptus led back le remainder of his Army again to Alexandria^ after iving been two years on this expedition. The mif- [.rrying of it being wholly owing to the Treachery ?" Syll^us (/) he was at length for this among other rimes then laid to his charge publickly executed at 'ome^ by the Rods and Ax of the Li6lor. But this as not till feveral years after j in the interim there ill be occafions of fpeaking again of him more than ice in the future Series of this Hiilory. While Gallus was in this expedition, (g) Candace jueen of jEthiopia invading the Province of 'Thebais i the Upper Egypt with a great Army took Syena^ id feveral other places on the borders, and carried le Garrifon Soldiers into Captivity j whereon P^- onius then Prefe<5t oi Egypt marched with an Army jainll her, and having vanquished her Forces in bat- 1, and driven them out of the Country, purfued lem into Ethiopia^ and having there pierced above ght hundred miles into the Country fubdued all be- >re him, taking all the Cities that lay in his way, id among them Napata the Metropolis of the King- )m5 which he deftroyed, and from thence marched 1, till at length being able to proceed no further (f) Strabo lib. i6. p. 782. (g) Strabo lib. 17. p. 8io. Dion ilTius lib. ri. p. ^24. Piin. lib. 6. cap. 10, two years, he returned to Alexandria^ carry his Captives with him 5 a thoufand of the pi of them, among whom were the chief Comr of Candace'% Army, he fent to Auguftus^ the fold on his return, being many thoufands in n Phraates King of Parthia being again driv- of his Kingdom by 'tiridates^ (h) prevailed wi Scythians to bring him back with a great whereon (/) Tiridates with the Chiefs of his fled to Rome to pay the Affillance of Auguflm mifing to hold the Kingdom from him as his ger, in cafe he might be rellored by his help. ates hearing which way he was fled, fent A dors to Rome after him there to obviate his c and to demand of Auguftus the delivery of his Subje<5bs to him, and the releafe of his Son, 7'iridates had put into his hands in the manne bove related. Augufius having given them ar ing, anfwered them in the fame manner as ] before at Antioch^ that he would not deliver tes into the hands of Phraates^ nor give ei them any help againft the other. However, might gratify both in fomething, he permittc dates to live under his protection at Rome^ o him there a maintenance out of the publick ' ry, whereby to fabfifl: with Plenty and H And he fent back to Phraates his fon upon co that he fhould reflore all the Captives and E which the Parthians had taken from Crajfus a tony in their Wars againft them. This Wii promifed, but not performed till Auguftus can r''*'-^5 x-t../ rifirr ^ i -r «ii/3frtrn'>ip ;n r4A-ATr;« ^„.* ni:_ mod ingenioufly fees forth in the fixth Book i jEneads. Herod having finifhed Samaria^ which froi name of Augujlus he called Sehafie^ \ HeTV^d t)egan the building of another City a ton's Tower on the Sea Coaft of Pa which alfo in honour of him from his other nai called Cafarea. In the building and adorning of he fpent twelve years, and expended vaft fu Money, whereby he made it a City of prime in thofe parts, and the mod convenient and Port in all the Goads of Phoenicia. For where fore it was a very dangerous Harbour, fo th fliip could ride fafe in it, when the Wind bkw S weft, to remedy this he ran out a mole in a a form, which fenced the Port againft both the and the Weil, and encompafled room enough great Fleet to ride lafe within againft all and Weather, leaving a pafTage into it oa the North, where the Sea was lefs rough, an Harbour lead expofed to Storms from it. This alone was of vad Labour and Expence> for built with Stones brought from far, and of a large fize^ they being fifty foot long, eighteen ! and nine deep, fome greater, fome Icifer, an Foundation was laid twenty fathom deep int( Sea. When Jtidd^a was reduced into the form Roman Province, this City was ufually made thi fidence of him, that was fent to govern it. Alexander and Arifiohulus the Sons of Herod b] ^our to Herodj he gave him full power to leave the Jucceflion of his Kingdom to which of his Sons he hould think fit. And moreover at the fame time ad- led (o) TrachomtiSj (p) Auranitis and Batanooa to his brmer Dominions, which was done on this occa- ion. There was {q) one Zenodorus Tetrarch of a Perritory (r) lying between 'Trachonitis raid Galilee^ vho had farmed from thePrefident o^ Syria^ the pro- inces of 'Trachonitis^ Auramtis^ and Batanoea-^ which lad formerly been the Principality of (i) Lyfanias the on of Ptolemy^ whom Antony put to death, as hath ►een above mentioned. This perfon not being con- snted with the honefl gain of his farm, (\x\ /hich he had a great bargain) to make the mod of :, that he could, went fhares with a company of rhieves, who had taken harbour in certain Caves in he Mountains of I'rachonitis^ and permitted them to ob all the Country round upon Terms of iliaring the lunder with them. This being a great grievance nd mifchief to the people of thofe parts, they com- bined of it to Varro then Prefident of Syria^ who writing to Auguftus about it, received orders from im at any rate to root out thofe robbers. But be- )re thefe orders could be executed, Varro being re- ailed, the grievance and the complaint ilill conti- C«) Jofephus Antiq. lib. i s:. cap, 13. {0) Thefe three Biftri^s or eparchies lay beyond the Sea 0/ Galilee bettoeen that ^/;^ Damafcus, having r their bmndary Mount Libanus ^ Antony x\\^ Triumvir. After this {e) Auguftus fail- ed from Sicily into Greece^ and having there fettled ill matters, paffed into the liles, {e) and wintered at Samos. While Auguftus lay at this place, there (/) came :hither to him Ambaffadors from Candace Queen of Ethiopia. It hath been above related how Petronius 30 his return from his late inroad into Ethiopia had {b) Dion Caffius lib. 5-4. p. 5-24. Velicius Paterculus lib. 2. cap. 93. c) Dion CalTius lib. 5-4. p. yi^. (d) Plutarchus in Antonio. were referred by him to C^efar; but their i^ being, that they knew not who C^far was, 1: MelTengers with them to condu6t them to Ju who finding him at Samos^ there obtained fron the Peace which they deiired, and then returi gain into Ethiopia, Early the next Spring Juguftus (h) pafled frc mos into LefTer Jfta^ and having fettl v^^^A% matters there, continued his progrefs that Country {t) into Syria^ and ca jlntioch. On his Arrival there, Zenodorus with gates from the Gadarens (k) addrefled to him their old Complaints againft Herod^ hoping to a more favourable hearing from him, than the from Agrippa. They accufed him of Tyranny, lence and Rapin, and alfo of Sacrilege in pluni and violating Temples j and Augiiftus went fo : to them, as to appoint a day for Herod^ wh( then prefent at Antioch^ to make his defence 5 : hearing of which he was treated with fo mud dernels and favour, as made the Gadarens defp; then- cavife, fo that the night following fome of drowned themfelves, others cad themfelves Precipices, and the reft did cut their Throats, therwife made themfelves away through fear 0 ing delivered to Herod^ and Zenodorus did the for having taken poifon, it corroded his Guts, caft him into a violent Dyfentery, of which h that fame nighc. Hereon Auguftus looking on felf-execution to be felf-condemnation, and a (g) Strabo & Dion CaflTius ibid. (h) Dion Cafilus uiiJUJixiiuii vviLn Liic J. iciiva^^iJL ui uj/r^ct^ US IllS 1 lO- irator in that Province, ordaining that nothing Lould be done in the affairs of it, without his know- dge and Advice j and moreover at his requeft gave > Pheroras his Brother a Tetrarchy in thofe parts. 1 acknowledgment of all thefe favours Herod built ito him in the lands of Zenodorus near the moun- in Paneas (at the foot of which is the Fountain of le River Jordan) a fumptuous Temple all of white larble. By which idolatrous Flattery, and other 'ce compliances with Heathen ufages, he farther ali- lated from him all thofe JewSj that were zealous ir their Law, and the Religion of their Fore-fathers. Phraates King of Parthia^ on Augufiu^'s coming to Syria^ (I) fent AmbafTadors to him to pray his riendfhip. For being then upon ill Terms with is people, whom he had much alienated from him -^ his Tyranny and Cruelty, he dreaded a foreign V^Vy and he had reafon at that time to fear it from 'uguftus. For whereas Juguftus had three years before ;leafed to him one of his Sons (whom he had in aptivity at Rome) upon promife that he would fend ick to him all the Prifoners and Enfigns, which the arthians had taken from the Romans m their V/ars ith Crajjus and Antony^ he had not as yet difchar- sd hihifelf of that Obligation 5 that therefore this ight not be a caufe of War againft him, he now 3t only fent back all thofe Captives and Enfigns, It alfo yielded to all other Terms of Peace, which (/) Dion CaiTius lib. f4, p. j-ij-, f 26. Srrabo lib. 6. p. 288. 5c lib. . p. 748. Livii Epitome lib. i 39. L. Florus lib. 4. cap. 1 2. Oro- slib. 6. cap. 21. luHin lirb. 4^. cap. f . Velieius Paterrnln<; lih. -t was induced hereto not io much by the tear c guftus^ as by the diffidence which he had of hi people, and what {o) Strabo and {p ) Jofephus t( agreeable hereto. For laying both of them t( the matter appears to have been as followei A very beautiful Italian Woman called l^h having been formerly fent by Auguftus to / for a Prefent, fhe firft became his Concubine, terwards on her bringing him a Son, was mar him, and advanced to be his Queen \ and has this Station gained an abfolute afcendant ov< made ufe of it for the fecuring of the Succef the Crown of Parthia to her Son, in order \ Ihe propofed to Phraates the putting of hi; Sons, v/hich were four in all, into the hands Romans^ ^nd Phraates not thinking himfelf fafe his Subjefts, as long as there were at hand ar of the race of Arfaces of a fit age to be put place, on this confideration readily comphe< with -y and accordingly, when matters were r between him and Auguftus^ and Hoftages w manded for the fecuring of the Terms of that ment, he delivered thefe his four Sons into th of Auguftus for this purpofe, who carried x, Rome^ where they remained many years 5 am mufa's Son, who was called Phraatices^ was ' for the fucceeding of him in the Kingdon: Parthians (r) were fo fuperftitioufly addided Race of Arfaces^ that Phraates well knew the; bear him, how great foever their Hatred to h im) Lib. 41. cap. 5-. (n) Annal. lib. 2. cap. i. eltructioii came trom wiiat ne tnus projectea tor is Safety. For (/) aflbon as Phraatices was grown p, thermufa not having Patience any longer to wait Dr the vacancy, that was ready in a fhort time natu- ally to happen, unnaturally poifoned her Husband 0 make room for her Son the fooner to fuccecd him. ;ut this met with that Difappointmenr, which fo dcked an Ad deferved. For the People not bearing 3 wicked a Parricide, rofe in a Tumult againll him, nd drove him into baniihment, wherein he perifliedj >ut it was not till fome years after that this hapned. And at the fame time that Augujius made Peace vith Parthia^ he fettled alfo the Affairs of Armenia, t hath been above related, how i\\2S.AYtahazes King )f Armenia being taken Prifoner by Antony-^ and ear- ned to Alexandria^ Artaxias his Son fucceeded him, ^e having (i) made himfelf grievous to his Subjeds )y an opprefTive and tyrannical Reign, they accufed lim before Auguftus^ and defired to have Hgranes his punger Brother to reign over them in his lleadj bereon Auguftus fent 'Tiberius the Son of Livia bj [ler former Husband with an Army to expel Artaxias. md place Tigranes on the Throne in his fteadj but Artaxias being flain by his own People before he ar- rived, and Tigranes thereon admitted to fucceedjwith- out any oppofition, Tiberius had no opportunity b) any military Adion of gaining Honour by thi: CommifTion, which was the firfl he was imploycd in Auguftus (t) toward the end of the Summer return ing out of Syria^ was attended by Herod to the Sea - if) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 18. cap. 3. (^) ^'^^n Caffius lib. 5-: with which he was there mrnilhed among the Herod on his return to Jerufalem (u) findir People much ofFcnded, becaufe of the many bi he had made upon their Law and Religion frequent Compliances with the idolatrous Ufa the Greeks and Romans^ was put to difficulties void the ill confequences of it. For although deavoured to excufe himfelf by alledging the r ty he was under of pleating Jugi^flus^^nd the R in this matter, this gave no Satisfa6lion, but E tents on this Account grew to a great height i him among the generality of the people. And fore to prevent the ill effeds hereof he prohibi meetings at Feafts and Clubs, and all other . blies of many together 5 and he had Spies in al ters to bring him conllant Intelligence, how a ters went J and he would often himfelf go ( difguife, that he might hear and obferve, ho people ftood affeded towards him> and b} means making difcovery of all, that had ill c againft him, and thereon feverely treating fu were guilty, he made a fhift to fecure himfe] keep all quiet. And for this end at the fame he would have impofed an Oath of Fidelity his Subjeds. But Billel and Shammai with al followers of the Pharifaical Sed, and alfo all tl fens refufing to take it, he was forced to let it only thofe who had rendered themfelves fuf were forced to comply herewith, for the avoid the feverity with which he would otherwife treated them. f\A T«C.r,T,. over fix hundred Kings, yet he had fuch value for e Friend fhip of Auguftus by reafon of the great ;me which he had heard of him, that he fent this TibafTy on fo long a Journey of purpofe to defire of him. To which Letter he fubfcribed by the me of PoYHs King of India. The fix hundred Kings, lom he boaftcd to reign over, were the Raja's or try Princes, who governed the Kingdom under n, feveral of whofe defcendants there remain even this day, who paying tribute and homage to the eat Mogol govern their Subjefts at home with fo- reign Authoricy. Of the AmbalTadors that firft out from India on this Embaffy three only reach- the prefence of Auguflus^ the others that were in mmiffion with them died by the way. Of the three •viving, one was Zarmarus a Gymnofophift, who lowing Auguftus to Athens there burnt himfelf in ) prefence, in like manner as {x) Calanus another of at Se6l had formerly done in the prefence of Alex- ier^ it being the ufage and manner of that fort of m, when they thought they had lived long enough, pafs out of Life by thus calling themfeives alive on their funeral piles. Among the prefents which ^y brought were feveral Tigers, and thefe were I firfl of this fort of wild bealls, that had been feeii her by the Greeks or Romans. After this (y) Au- lus returning to Rome was there received with ^at honour, his bringing back the Enfigns and ifoners, that had been taken in the Parthian warsr ing what the Romans valued beyond the rate o •bo) vStrabo lib. if. p. 719, 720. Dion Caflius lib. 5-3. p. 5-27. nis receptis 'y and the Poets of his time made common {z) argument of their flatteries towai Herod being now in the full Enjoyment o and Plenty, and having finifhed his Buildings haftcy and far advanced thofe at Cafaria^ {a) a defign of new building the Temple at Je whereby he thought he Ihould not only recoi him the affc6tions of the Jews^ but aUo ere6l nument of lading honour to his own name Temple bulk after the return of the Jevjs fi Babyloniflj captivity, fell much fhort of that tnon^ in the height, the magnificence, an particulars, and five hundred years being elapf its erection, feveral decays had hapned to it the length of time, and alfo by the violence mies. For the Temple by reafon of its fitua ing the ffcrongeft part o^ Jerufalem^ whenever habitants were prefTed by war, they alwa) their lall refuge thither, and whenever thej fome of its buildings fuffered by it. For the ing and repairing of all thofe defe6bs and dec rod defigned to build the whole Temple a-nc in a general aifembly of the people offered t what he intended. But when he found thei led at the propofa), and under apprehenfio that, when he had pulled down the old Ten iliould not be able to build them a new one> liver them from this fear he told them, that \ not take down the old Temple, till he had g the materials ready for the immediate ere<51:i: new one in its place 3 and accordingly he die :anS in two ycai5 Liuit in- iirtu guu an Liiiij^a iK,a\^y • the building. And then, and not before, did he 11 down the old Temple to the very Foundations, make room for the ere6ting of a new one in its Lce. Jofephus tells us Herod made this propofal in 2 eighteenth year of his reign, that is from the ath of Antigonus^ which hapned not till about the idfummer aftev he was taken prifoner, and there- re according to this reckoning the nineteenth year Herod not beginning till about the Midfummer of e i^th year before Chrift^ the fix firft Months rhat year did belong to the eighteenth year oi He- i', and the PafTover, at which was the greateft af- nbly of the Jews^ falling within the compafs of ofe fix months, then it's moft probable this propo- l was made. Mlius Gallus fucceeding Petronius in the Prefefture •£^^^^ made a p/ogrefs into the upper ^^^^^^^ irts of that Country as far as Syene and the ^^^^^ ^^^ orders of Ethiopia^ in which Straho the eographer accompanied him, and Q?) at fhehes he :11s us he faw the Statue of Memnon^ which accord- ig to the (c) Poets faluted the morning Sun every ly at its firft rifing with an harmonious Sound 5 and e faith, that he heard that found on his being on le place one morning j but profefTeth not to know le caufe from whence it proceeded, but fufpefted ic ) come from fome of the By-ftanders. He {d) was orn at Amafia in Pontus^ and publifhed his Geogra- hy in the fourth year of the reign of Tiberius^ being (b) Strabo lib. 17. p. 816. {c) Vide Juvcnalem Satyra 15-. Dio- .n.im in Perieo-. v. 2J.O. aliofque. U) Vide VoiTium de Hifto- to this aay. i-ie aiio wrote an mitory, wn: fephus quotes, and hath fome palTages out of excepting fome few fuch fragments difperfed i Authors, that Work is now entirely loft. Herod having after two years preparation m dy all materials for the new builc Her"od7i the Temple pulled down the old and began the ere6]:ing of his new ' forty fix years before the firft paflbver of Chri fonal miniftry, at which time the Jews to (John ii. lo.) Forty and fix years (e) hath thi. been in building. For although then forty i] had pafled from the time this building was and in nine years and an half it was made fit Divine Service, yet a great number of L^ and Artificers were there ftill continued at v the carrying on of the out-buildings all the our Saviour's being here on Earth, and for fo after, till the coming of Gejfius Florus to be nouivof JtuUd'y (/) when eighteen thoufand being difchargcd at one time, after that for work they began thofe mutinies and feditions. at laft drew on the deftru6lion of JerufaJem^ Temple with it. This Year Julia the Daughter of Juguj brought ^grlppa a fecond Son, called Lucius -y deft called Caius (lo) was born three years They being the Grand fons of Auguftus^ as Lucius was born {g) he adopted them both Sons, and declared them the Heirs of his {6) Thus the Text ought to be rendered. (f) Jofcj 0 Augufius^ and to fee his Sons Alexander nd Ariftohulus whom he had fent to Rome j^"^^ ''^• D be educated. In his way thither {k) he '^^^ ^^' :op'd in Greece^ and was prefent at the ipift Olym- iad, and preiided therein 5 where finding thofe hows were much funk in their credit and efteem, by ^afon that the Poverty of the Elians dilabled them om fetting them forth in their ufual pomp and )lendor, he fettled a conftant revenue on them for le reftoring of them to their former folemnity and onour: In acknowledgment whereof they granted im the honour of a Prefident in thofe Games as ng as he fhould live. On his arrival at Rorr.e (I) 1 was there received with great honour and kind- i(s by Auguftus-y from whom having received his )ns now fully difciplined and inilrucled in all the Oman Exercifes and Literature, he returned with em into Judaa^ and a little after {ni) provided them ith fuitable matches, marrying Alexander the eldelt ' them to Glaphyra the daughter of Archelaus King ' Cappadocia^ and the other to Berenice the daughter Salome his fifter. By the comlinefs of their Per- ns, the agreeablenefs of their Behaviour, and other idable qualifications, which they were accomplifii- with, {n) they drew to them the love and elleem all the JewSy but Salome^ and fuch others as had ^n her accomplices in procuring the death of Ala- mne their Mother, fearing their revenge, did all It in them lay by evil Artifices to work their de- i) Jofephus Antiq. lib. id cap. i. {k) Jolephus de Belio Ju- o lib. I. cap. 16. & Anriq. lib. i6. cap. 9. (/) Jofephus Antiq. rairiea me noiy riacc, inc nuby aj snui^iei the Por-ch through which was the Paflage 1 to bothj was wholly finiflied, and after eigh more all the reft was built, which Herod pr( However this Temple was ftill the flime T and ftill retained the fame denomination as For HerocVs rebuilding of it was only by way paration, and not by way of reftoration and i reftion after a long and total demolition, the cafe of the Temple rebuilt by Zeruhhabei therefore it was ftill called the fecond 'Tempi the later Temple after this reparation, as it was to the time of its ultimate demolition by Titus Auguflus having fent Agrippa again into th aflbon as Herod heard of his arrival teod7;. P»*ovince of Proper Afia, {p) he we ther to him, and having prevailed wi to accept of an invitation, which he earneftl; him, to come into Jud^ea^ on his arrival there tertained him and all his attendants with all of honour, magnificence, and fumptuous fai having ftiewn him all his new-built Cities a ftles, as Sebafte^ Cafaria^ Alexandrium^ He, and Hyrcania^ he led him in the laft place to lem-y on his approach to it he was at fome ( met by all the people in their feftival appar conduded into the City by a folemn procefli loud acclamations. After fome ftay there h( ed an Hecatomb at the Temple, and feafted people, and then haftning to the Port , wl: fleet lay, he failed back again into lonia^ bef winter came on. anuion or iviitKiriaaie^^ huu lu iiiivc ii ^rant nom uguflus CO fucceed Afander^ took Dynamis to wife, id feized the Country. Whereon Agrippa fent Po- 5^^« fwhom the Romans had made King of Pontus id the Z^^r Armenia) to make war upon him 3 but ifore his arrival the Bofphorans having difcovered ribonius to be a cheat in all his pretenfions, had put m to death. However they would not fubmit to olemon^ but tho' they had been vanquifhed in battel 7 him on his firll coming into the Country, yec 11 flood out againft him, which brought Agrippa- )on them with all his army, and a dangerous war ifued. Herod hearing of this (V) hallncd to the a(^ lance of Agrippa with a fleet and army, thereby rther to ingratiate himfelf with him, which he ful- effeded by this opportunity. For coming up with m at Sinope in Pontus^ when he was in fome dillrefs r want of fuch a fupply, as Herod brought him, )thing could be more acceptable to him, than his rival thither with it at that time. With this aflill- \cc Agrippa (s) foon reduced the Bofphorans to a tho- ugh fubmiffion. Whereon Dynamis being given Polemon to wife, he had with her the Kingdom ' Bofphorus conferred on him, and by the favour of uguflus^ who confirmed the Grant, held it with lat of Pontus and the Le[fer Armenia^ which he had ;fore. He had been a long time a faithful Ally to le Romans^ and had thefe Kingdoms given him for le reward of the many important Services he had )ne them. He had not the whole Kingdom of ontus^ but only that part of it which lay next Cap- 'docia. This from him was afterwards for diftin- to Lphejus m lonia. Herod accompanying him way thither, procured maCiy favours of him half of feveral of the people of thofc parts prayed his mediation. And on his coming int (^) he had there an cfpecial occafion to folic for his favour in behalf of the Jews^ that ha^ fettled in thofe parts. It hath been above how Antmhus the Great had planted two tl" families of the Bahylomjh Jews in Phrygia^ and other Provinces there adjoyning. Thefe encreafed to a great number, and fpread over ; fer Afta^ and the ifles, they were maligned a: prefled by the other Inhabitants, among whor dwelt, fo that they would not permit them according to their Law and Religion, or fuffe to enjoy the Immunities and Privileges, which that behalf been formerly granted to them i the Kings of Syria^ and afterwards by the i Herod on their application to him undertooj caufe, and folicited it fo effectually with j. that he obtained for them all that they defi] their Grievanoes being redrefTed, and all the munities and Privileges reftored and confirri them in as ample manner, as they had at an before been in pofleffion of them. After this fa pafled over to Samos^ and Herod ( y) returne< into Jud^a. On his arrival at Jerufalem hav fembled the people together, he related to the Succefles of his Journey, and what he hat and obtained for the Jews of Leffer AJiu > ar the more to ingratiate himfelf with them he id all his Succeliors in the hmpire after im, as well Chriftians as Heathens, till the time of ':ratian^ who fucceeded his Father Valentinian in the ear after Chrift 57f . He being a zealous Chriftiaii i) thought it inconliftent with his Religion to bear J much as the title of High-Prieil in Heathen Rites, nd for this reafon firft refufed it, and all the reft lac afterwards fucceeded him in 'the Roman Empire )llowing his example did the fnme. As foon as Auguflus had entered on this office, Q?) e fet himfelf on the reforming of many things in le matters, which were thereby put under his care, nd he firil began with examining into the Pro- hetic Books which then went abroad. For a great Limber of thefe being at this time every where fpread )road among the people created great difturbances, id raifed many vain hopes and fears in the minds of len, according as they were interpreted for or a- linft what was then uppermoft in the Government. 11 thefe Auguftus called in, and caufed moft of them, \ the number of two thoufand Volumes, to be jrnt as fpurious, referving only thofe which bore le name of fome of the Sibyls for their Authors, nd thefe alfo he fubje6i:ed to a flri& examination, id retained of them none other than fuch as were 1 this tryal judged genuine, the reft he committed > the fame Flames as the former. Thofe that were dged genuine, he put into two Golden Cabinets, id laid them up in the Temple of Apollo (c) which ; had built in the Palaqe, placing them there under ( z,) Suetonius in Oflavio cap. jt. Dion CaiTius lib. ^4. p. f^o. they are faid to have been delivered. The Sibyls were (d) women of ancient tii to have been endued with a prophetic Spi to have delivered Oracles forerfiewing the fj deftinies of Kingdoms and States. We have Writings of the Ancients mention made {e) o them, the eldeft of which being named Sihy all others of the fame Sex, who afterwards ded to have the like fatidical Spirit and were from her called Sibyls-, the eminenteft o were the ten I have mentioned 5 and of tl moft noted was fhe, whom the Romans callec Cum^a^ and others Erythraa^ for fhe was and the fame Sibyl^ who had both thefe name was born at Erythr^ in lonia^ and therefore the Greeks called Erythraa-, bur having i from Erythra to Cum^e in Italy^ and there d all her Oracles, fhe was from thence by the and Italians called Cumaa. The place at where fhe lived, and from whence fhe is faid given out her Oracles, was a Cave or fubtei Vault digged out of the main Rock, {h) Jufi tyr^ who had been upon the place, fpeakin and the Sibyl which there prophecy'd, tells u foUoweth. " This Sibyl they fay being a Be *' by defcent, and the Daughter of BeroJ *' wrote the Chaldaic Hiilory, came I know \ (d) Vidcas de eis Opfopjcum, Salmafium in exercitationib linum p. 75", 76, &c. Blondellum de Sibyllis, Montacucium ; (e) Lactamius de falfa Religione lib. i. cap. 6. {f) ibid p. 80. {g) Ariftoteles de admirandis. Servius in ' rants made report unto me according as they had it by ancient Traditions from their Fore-fathers, the Sibyl gave forth her Oracles. In the middle of the Chapel theyfhewed me three hollow places hewn out of the fame Rock, in which, being fiird with Water, they told me fhc ufed to wafh herfelf, and that then after having put on her Gar- ment, flie retired into the innermoll Cell of that Chapel, which was alfo hcwen out of the fame Rock, and there having fettled her felf upon an high advanced Seat in the middle of that Cell, from thence uttered and gave forth her Oracles." "hus far Juftin Martyr of this Vault. Onuphrius mlts (k) that it continued to be feen many hundred ears after, until the year of our Lord if^p, in irhich all Campania having been terribly fhaken with n Earthquake, at PuteoU huge mountains of Sand, jravel, and Slime were then caft up from the bot- om of the Sea, which totally overwhelmed, and itterly ruined this Chapel of the Cumaan Sibyl The ame Omphrius tells us, that about nine years after, hat is in the year of our Lord i f 48, having been ipon the place, and made diligent inquiry of the nhabitants, he found, that till that Earthquake e- xry thing in that Vault was exadly as J'uftin had lefcribed it, but that then it was utterly deftroy- ;d. But Travellers (/) are there flill ihewn a Vault, vhich they call the Grotto of the Sibyl even to this Day. Of the time when this Sibyl lived there are various )pinions. Juliin Martyr in faying (nt) that fhe was the time of the Trojan War, and to have bee temporary with jEneas. And others place he time of Tarquin the laft King of Rome. TV found their opinion upon the fuppofal, that it herfelf that brought the Books of her Proph that King, but this is no where faid. Thi which they tell us of this matter is as foliowc While Tarquin the fecond of that name rei^ Rome^ (p) there came a certain Woman unto a foreign Country, with nine Books contain Oracles of the Stbyls ^ which fhe offered to him, demanding for them three hundred pi Gold. But Tarquin refufing to give that pi them, fhe burnt three of the nine, and then him the remaining Cix at the fame price, at demand flie being thought to be out of her v rejefted with fcorn and laughter > whereon ih three others of them, and then offering him maining three perfifted ftill to demand the fan: for thefe, as ihe firfl had for all the nine. At ilrange procedure Tarquin being moved, and ing that there might be fomething in it mo ordinary, fent for the Augurs to confult witi about it j who on their examining into the told him, that they found by certain Signs, th: he had defpifed was a divine Gift j that it great lofs and damage that he had not bou^ the nine Books, that were firft offered him therefore earneflly advifed him to give the \ for the remaining three the price which fhe in) Strabo lib. 12. p. 6.ic. (0) .^nead, lib. 6. J.t.t M Y (tLtlW M*JIWIW» ^J.V^MJ.iV* tM.t WiiV^ A VlXipiC gether, and laid up in the Capitol to fupply the lace of thofe that were burnt. But there was this reat difference between the Sibylline Books, that ^ere burnt with the Capitol, and thofe that were af- jrwards put in their place, that whereas the former aving never been in any other hands than thofe, to I'hofe cuftody they had been committed, were vul- arly known to none, it was otherwife as to the lat- i\\ For they having been in the hands of the vul- ar in all places, where they were collefted, before bey were brought to Rome^ were ftill after that }olle6tion vulgarly known as before, and much more ), becaufe the reputation which the Romans gave hem by making this colle6Vion of them, made them he more to be enquired after, and the more to be ifperfed > whereby it came to pafs, that of all this ])olle6tion laid up in the Capitol there was fcarce ny one Prophecy or Oracle, of which there were ot Copies in private hands j and from them Virgil lad that Sibylline Prophecy of the coming of Chriji^ nd the reftoring of Juftice, Righteoufnefs, and Blef- ^dnefs to the world by him, which he hath fet forth n his fourth Eclogue 5 and from them came alfo the nany other Prophecies, which at this time went a- ►road of the fame import. But the ufe which the Romans propofed to make of thefe Oracles being nuch defeated by their being thus vulgarly known, a ^aw was made, (x) that all that had any Copies of king on him the High-Fneithood ot Ron revived the Law ^ whereon fo many Copies ( pretended Prophecies being brought in, as an to a great multitude of Volumes, he ordered t llri61;ly to be examined, and having burnt 2 ftroyed all that were difapproved to the nui bove mentioned, repofited the refl: for the ufe State. Thefe afterwards (z) Tiberius caufec examined over again, and burnt many more o preferving only fuch, as were of moment, anc worthy of approbation for that fervice of tl for which they were originally intended. 1 thefe as long as Rome remained Heathen gr courfe was made. For about this time on th ing of Chrift our Saviour^ the Great Oracle truth, {a) all other Oracles ceafing, the Sihylli phecies, and the Sortes Firgilian£ writings feveral times quotes it, and appeals to it, bo did not outlive the year 157, being then put to ath under the fourth perlecution. Bat whether is was a true colledion of the Oracles called SUpyl- e or a fi6titious compofure made out of a pious ,ud by fome Chriftian of the time, when it was firfl: blifhed, is a queftion among learned Men. (f) Ba- ilus^ (g) Bifhop Mountague of Norwich^ and others, )uld have it to be genuine, that is, to contain a le collcdbion of what was received among the Rea- ms for the Oracles of the Sthyls before Chrift was rn, but Qo) mod look on it as the fpurious produ- on of fome zealous Chriftian, who compiled it for I promoting of the intcreft of the Religion he pro- c) Rutilii Itinerarium lib. 2. {d) Augudinus de Civitate Dei 18. cap. ^-^ {e) Libro 5"to. (/) la Apparatu ai knowlcdgeth himfelf to be fo. Befides th( myftery of our Salvation, the method wh was to be accompliflied, what belongs to thi of the Mejfiah^ and his fpiritual Kingdom, h] Crucifixion, Refurre<5i:ion , and Aicenfion, more explicitly, clearly and fully fpoken of pretended Prophecies, than they are in an^ true and undoubted Prophecies of the Olc mentj which is fufScient proof, that they wc ten after they were accompliflied > it bein^ means to be believed that God would reveal by Heathen Prophets to the Heathen Natio clearly, fully and explicitly, than he had by true Prophets to his own People. Befides tt piler of thefe Prophetic Books (K) fpeaks of reigning here upon Earth, according to the n the Millmariam^V7hich plainly proves them to h written afrer the Origin of that Herefy, whi( not have being till after Chrifl's time, ncithe till the feeond Century, when it was firft int by Papias Bifhop of HierapoUs in Phrygia. alfo is given a (/) Succefiion of all the Roma) rors from Julius Cafar to Antoninus Pius, time of his adopting M. Antoninus, and L. I fuch manner as manifeftly fhews it to ha written rather as an Hillory of things pad t Prophecy foretelling what was to come. An fame book the pretended Prophetefs tells us, file was wife to one of the three Sons of iVi was with him in the Ark during the whole (\) Lib. 8. Where is tUi< IWft'. "Mnc Jfrlmr rhr\ai «;inA •thing more than the Invention and Impofture of e Compiler. But on the other fide it is urged for the truth and nuincfs of this Book, that it was appealed to by ifiin Martyr^ and many others of the ancient wri- rs of the Chriftian Church, as Jthenagoras^ fheopbi^ :, j^ntiochenus^ 7'ertulUan^ the Author of the Apo- )lical conftitutions, La^tantius^ Eufebius^ Jeromy An* n^ ^c. That (ri) Clemens Alexandrinus^ who lived the (econd Century, tells us, that Paul himfclf ia s preaching to the Gentiles frequently referred to efe Oracles of the Sibyls j That thefe contained in is Colle6lion are the fame, that were received for :h in the time of Cicero^ which they fay appears by 5 mentioning the Acroftichis^ which is now found them 5 that y^yi/>te in the firil Book of his Antiqui- ;s Chap. V. quotes the Sibylline Oracle for the build- 5 of the Tower of Babel^ and the confufion of mguages, which followed thereupon, and that very lotation is found in the prefent Book. To this it is replied, that Juftin Martyr was a rfon of great credulity, who believed, and laid hold every thing, that he thought might make for the briilian Religion, whereof inftances have been {o) ove already given 5 and he having appealed to this >ok of Sibylline Oracles, all the reit of the ancients, at did fo, were led to it by his example; That as what Clemens faith of St. Paul's quoting the Sibyl, J could have this only by Tradition ^ for there is no- ing of it in the Scriptures: That for many years fore the birth of Chriji many prophecies went a- oad under the name of Sibyls foretelling his com- ten in fuch fort of vcrfesj and that there an tain number of Acrofticks (^ ) in this Colb acknowledged j but thefe are of a different f( the Acrofticks mentioned by Cicero. For ac to him the Acrofticks of the Sibylline Oracles written, that the letters of the firft verfe < feftion begun all the following verfes in the 1 der, as they lay in that firft verfe. As for e fuppofing the firft verfe to be that which beg gir% fourth Eclogue, Sicelides Mufe paulo major a canamusj to make the Acrofticks, which Cicero mentic letter (i) which is the fecond letter muft be fccond verfe, (C) which is the third letter tl verfe, (e) the fourth verfe, (/) the fifth verfe on to the end 5 and when all the letters of verfe were thus exhaufted, fo as that the wh verfe might be read downward in the initial 1< the following verfes, as well as forward in t there ended the Sedtion. And then another \ gun another Se6lion 5 and by the letters of it Acroftichis was made in the fame manner as mer, and fo on through the whole Volum the xAcrofticks, which are in the prefent Co and are alluded to by {r) Tertullian^ and quote the Emperor Conftantine and {t) St. Auftin^ ('pj DeDivinatione lib. 2. cap. 5*4. f^) Lib. 8. ('O D< Tor there bj the Greek word 'ly^v^ made out of the initial, thefe words 'Ii-Wk? Xejso; 0«« qo; a-co]np, which made the Ac od^ the Saviour^ the Crofs^ and the Tub (lance of the croftical verfes, whofe initial letters make thefe ords, being a Summary of the principal parts of le Hiftory and Do6brines of the Gofpel, it is fcarce I be imagined, that any one in his wits fhould think lefe to have been the Acroftichs which Cicero men- Dns, or to have been at all exifting in Cicero's time. is moft likely the Compiler of this Collecbion find- g in Varro^ Dionyfius Halicarnajfeus^ Cicero^ and o- ler writers then extant, mention made of Acroftichs the *S'%///>;6' Oracles, invented thefe of purpofe to oak the Impofture, which he was guilty of in the •eater part of the Book, and fo make the Cheat e better go down by this imitation; but he not tting it exaftly, the fraud inftead of being covered deteded thereby. As to the Quotation of Jofe- 'US concerning the Tower o^ Babel^ and the confu- )n of languages at the building of it, it is acknow- dged, that certain verfes went about in Jofephus^s ne under the name of the Sibyls,^ out of which Jo^ ^hus quoted the paflage mentioned, and that this ;ry pafTage, tho' not in the fame words, is yet in bftance in the third Book of the Colle6tion of the hylline Oracles, which we now treat of But this )th not prove all that Colledtion to be genuine, and )t in a great part of it the fpurious produ6tion of me Impoftor. But not to detain the Reader with long examination of all that hath been faid by irned men on thisfubje£l:, I fliall lay down what ap- )ars to me to be the whole truth of the matter in efc following poiitions I. Yxx% "' The Oracles of the Sih'^ls have from anci- them is manifeftly fable and fidion. II. How much foever they might pretend gift of Prophecy, they could not have it by infpiration. For mod of the Oracles, that we duced from them, when confulted by the I dire<5led to fuch idolatrous (x) and , abominabl as cannot without the greateil impiety be faid t( from God. III. If therefore they ever had the power c telling things to come, they mud: have rece from Diabohcal fpirits infpiring them therewit thefe had their Oracles in many places amo Heathen Nations in the times preceding the b Chfift^ and mod of them were delivered by W fo it was at Delphos^ and fo it was at Dodona^ in other places where Temples were ereded Heathen Deities. But the v/orld having been too fond of prophecies and predidions, thi; gives advantage for the impoling of falfe pr under thofe names. We fee enough of this Credit that Nofiradamus'% Centuries, Nixon's P cies, and other fuch delufions have in our tim ten among many, but it was much more foin t\ then world. It hath been above mentioned Auguftus burnt two thoufand Volumes of the tended Oracles, and how Tiberius afterwards d («j In Phacdro. (to) De adm'randis. (x) I thofe Books they fometimes rcere commanded to Sacrifice a Grecian « Grecian woman^ and a Gallic man, and a G?l\\\c -woman, by hur^ alive in the Boarian Forum or Bullock Market, and for the moj often as they were confulted other Sacrifices -mere made accordii - /- r .1 _ 1 ■ .1 _;. / ... _■..-....• lis us he had perufcd xoXXas- ;;^^p»icrjuo)v crujyaywyar, e, many colle61:ions of Oracles. And there is now arce a Nunnery beyond Sea, in which one or other ' the Sifters doth not pretend to be infpired, and ;liver Oracles and Prophecies determining the fates ' Kingdoms and States. Sometimes an Enthufiaftic Dirit, fometimes Hyfterical Fits, but moftly pride id vanity lead them to thefe pretences, and mofl <:ely the Sibyls had no better foundation for all thefe racles of theirs, that have obtained fo great a rc- itation m the World. IV. The Story of the three Books of the Sihyh Id to farquin^ was all a cheat and a fraud devifed r the convenience of the State. Some tell it of {z) irquinius Superhus^ and fome of (a) 'Tarquinius Prif^ f J but moft likely what is faid of it was done in the ne of Numa^ it being of a piece with all the reft at he did for the eftablifhing of the Roman State. )r he built it all upon fuperftition and impofture, ) pretending the dire6tion of the Goddefs Egeria r all his inftitutions, thereby the better to make em go down with the people. And no doubt by a :e device it was, that an unknown old woman ought from fome foreign place, was fuborned to : the part mentioned in the Stor}', and to burn : of the Books thereby to give the greater va- i to the other three. And this Artifice fully an- ered the end intended. For the confulcing of thofe loks, and the pretended Anfwcrs from them, ferv'd y) ^Jftoriafum lib. 2. {z.^ Dionyfius HalicarnafTeus lib. 4.. 3©Ilius lib. I. cap. 19. Plin. lib. 1^. cap. 13. Solinus cap. i. much as knowing what they faid. From hei cero (d) argues againitthem, becaufe of the Aci in which they were written. For he rightl} that their being compofed in fuch a fort of ve monftrates them to be the product of Art anc trivance, and not poffibly to come from fu were in eclliacy, and befides themfelves. V. None being (e) allowed to infpe^t, or int perufe the Oracles of the Sii^yls in the Capitc is either thofe that were there laid up before th ing of that Edifice in the time o£ Sylla^ or the were there laid up after it, excepting the facred ( only, to whofe keeping they were committe Members of this College were thereby enabled. ever the confulting of thefe Oracles was decre bring forth fuch an anfwer as would beil fc purpofe for which that Decree was made. A ihey always did, whether they found it in th racks or not, and herein lay the whole my{ this matter j and we have feveral inftances wh was thus praftifed. For when the great men ( had gotten from Ptolemy Auletes King of £, the money he could give for the procuring ol floration, when expelled his Kingdom, ar found it inconvenient for the State to do wl had promifed, they (/) procured an Oracle brought forth from the Sibylline Books to the thing. And when Ccefar had a mind to be c {c) Cicero de Divinatione lib. 2 cap. f4. Virgilius yEnead. vius in eundem. {d) De Divinatione lib. 2. cap. 5-4,. bring forth any thing out of them, rather than a King, which neither the Gods nor Men will henceforth bear at Rome.'" Which words plainly ^uc, that thofe Books were made ufe of as an En- 1 of State, out of which the Keepers of them ought forth under the name of Oracles fuch An- ers, as they themfelves contrived, according as zy thought they would bed ferve the end ia- ided. VI. After the firft Books of the Sihylline Oracles, It had been laid up in the Capitol at Romcy were rnt with it, and thereon fearch was made for the Coring of them from other places as is above men- ined, abundance of Prophecies under the name of t Sibyls were (i) every where produced 3 and by ifon of the reputation given them by that fearch ^ir number grew and multiplied, every one bring- l forth whatfoever Prophetick writings he bad by n, and publifhing them for the moit part under z name of fome Sibyl or other, the better to re- mmend them to acceptance, and by thefe means • about eighty years before the birth of Cbnfi^ the orld became filled (k) with Prophecies of all forts. VII. Among thefe Prophecies which then went DUt, there were feveral which foretold the coming the Meffiabj and the greatnefs, bli fs, and righte- fnefs of his Kingdom. Two of thefe have been al- .dy mentioned, that is that of FirgU's fourth Ec- g) Dion Caflius lib. 4.4: p. 247. Plutarchus in Caefare. {h) De inatioft lib. 2. cap. 5-4. (i) They were colleSlcd from the pa- of triiiate berfons, Co With Dionvfius of Hal-lrarnaffiis. nviii fn A„ It IS rCiaLCU iuc [i-j rvt^i^m l ujji^iu r^uma^riu lyai'WifC/, turire^ i. e. That Nature was abmt to bring forth that fhould be King of the Romans -y which Phn prefleth fomething more than ordinary both Caufe and the Effe6b. For here Nature itfe is the God of Nature, is made the immediate of the birth, and he mull be more than an o perfon, that was to be produced by fo extraoi a Generation. But both thefe Prophecies fp the birth of the Mejjiah in general, without i in particular the people of whom he fhould fcended, or the Country where he fhould b( But there were other Prophecies, which dete both, and declared that he fhould come out d-£a^ and for this we have the Teflimonies of and Suetonius^ two Eminent Roman Hiflorian: firfl of which fpeaking of the time when Vi waged War with the Jews^ hath thefe Word A firm ■perfiiafion had prevailed among a grea\ that it was contained in the ancient Sacerdotal that about this time it Jhould come to pafs^ that ti JJootdd prevail^ and that thofe who fkiould come out ddz^ JJjould obtain the Empire of the World. An tonius fpeaking of the fame time, faith as folic (ri) I'here had prevailed all over the Eaft an and conftant Notion^ that the Fates had decreed^ tha. that time there fljould come out of }wdi2s.2i thofe ^ wht obtain the Empire of the World. The complet thofe Prophecies is by both thefe ancient Writ fcrred to the coming of Vefpafian out of Jut the Empire, which hapned but a few years af by a twofold means, ift, by the Difperfion of the Jews among them, and idly by the Heathen Oracle; themfclves, which they ufed to confulc. For IX. Firft, for feveral years before the birth oi Chrift^ not only {p) Simeon and Anna the Prophetefs. but the whole nation of the Jcws^ were in earnefl :xpe6i:ation of his coming, and of the Redemption oi Ifrael\y^ \(\yxi. And this not only theHiftory of rhegof pel in many places tells us, but (/>) Jofephus the Jew- ifh Hiftorian doth alfo atted the fame. For he telL js, that the Expedation which the Jews for fome ^ears before the deftrudion of Jerufakm had of the irifing of a great King from among them, who fhoulc lave the Empire of the whole World, was the true caufe which then excited them to that War againfl :he Romans^ in which that City, and the Temple ir t were utterly deftroyed. And Suetonius (q) fiith the 'ame thing. The Prophecies of Daniel and othei Prophets of the Old Teflament having not only fpo- cen of the Righteoufnefs, Glory and Blifs of the -"Cingdom o£ the MeJ/iab^ but determined his appea- •ance to the very time, when it hapned, gave jufi ^cafon for this Exped:ationj and for above eighty ^ears before Cbrift's birth, the whole Houfe of I/raei yere big hereof. For fo long (r) Anna the Prophe- ;efs being aduated by it, had attended at the Tem- ple in fafting and prayer to wait his appearance. And ;herefore for fo long time thefe Prophecies, and the •eceived Interpretations of them, being much talked )f through all Judaea with a view to the fpeedy com- pletion of them, efpecially after Pompey had (ubjedl- the Cities of Greece^ and the Lefler Jlfta^ as /\ in other parts of the world, they there free fpoke among their Heathen neighbours of thel phecies, and the Expe6tations they then had o: ipeedy completion 5 which being often rumou bout among the Heathen people in thofe pla the Jewifh Difperfions at length infenfiibly gre reputation, and were received among them, as : had been Prophecies from their own Oracles they mod of them became ingrafted among th^ cles of the Sibyls^ as if they had come from And from hence moft of thofe Prophecies amo Heathens, which in the times above-mentione di61:cd the coming of a great King out of [ who fhould in great power and glory reign ov whole world, feem chiefly to have had their ' nal. For this notion the Jews then had of th( fiah^ and it ftill continues among them. X. But fecondly, Another way of their beii clared among the Heathen, feems to be froi Heathen Oracles themfelves. Thus God fore' laam {s) to prophecy of the coming of his So of Jacob 'y thus he made {t) the Magians to from the Eall to acknowledge and adore him, thus he forced (u) the Devils themfelves, whe forth by him, to own him to be the fon of moft high ; and thus alfo mofi: probably the I heal Spirits, which prefided in the Heathen cles, were before their leaving thofe their habit (which they were compelled to do before the C( of our Saviour) in like manner forced to pre y XI. A colle6lion being made of the predi6]:ions, vhich had been received among the Heathens for Dracles of the Sibyls^ and by fomc Heathen Greek ligefted into a book o£ Greek verfes about the time >f our Saviour, or a little before, and all thofe Pro- »hecies above mentioned relating to him having been ound therein, this operated much to the advantage if Chriftianity in its earliefl: times, fo as to prove of ;reat efficacy for the converting of many thereto, Ind therefore Chriftians in their difputes with the heathens, often out of this book making ufe of thofc )racles, and frequently appealing to them for the proof f what they profefled, they were from hence (w) cal- ^d SihylliJIs. This book was afterwards about the ime of Antoninus Pius^ the Roman Emperor, inter- olated with many additions by fome Chriftian, who ''as more zealous, than either honeit or wife herein, or by thus adulterating the Oracles truly received 1 Sibylline with thofe of his own invention, which ere never heard of among the Heathen before, he ^ftroyed the Authority of the whole, and theChri- ian caufe was much damaged thereby. The book ade up of this mixture I reckon is that Vv^hich we 5W have. Several, for the fake of the many fpu- ous particulars which are manifellly in it, think all^ le rell to be of the fame fort, and would therefore je6t the whole. That the Major part is juflly thus >ndemned, I readily acknowledge, but cannot yield for all the book, (x) Celfus^ the greateil Enemy (w) Origenes contra Celfum lib. 7. (at) Or igenes ibidem, ih'n Ifus was an Epicurean Vhllofopher, rcho lived m th? fecond CsntHry, and (y) at length fell grievoully under ] pleafare. The young men in the heat o^^ then let fall many ralli words, which exprefled ti fentments for the death of their mother, with of revenge upon thofe who had been the Aut it 5 at which Salome and Pheroras^ who wc chief advifers of her execution, being alarmrc plots for the ruin of the two young men to ] their own. In order whereto they took care the rafh words, which thefe young men had time indifcreetly bolted out on the fubjeft c mother's death, were all reprefented to Herod. cludtng threats againft himfelf j and the more fnare them, frequent occafions were taken top them to fpeak out all the Anger and Indi, which they had conceived in their Minds C( ing this matter, which being carried to Heri all the malicious glofTcs and aggravations whi words could admit, had all the efFe61: which ^ tended, in exciting in him Jealoulies againf his tv^o Sons, as if they were hatching ill del gainil his perfon. And therefore whereas \ they had held thefiril place among his Sons, j who were defigned next to fuccced in the K on their Father's death, he brought Antipater \ Son of his to Court, and placed him ovc Heads. This he did in order to humble the tv thers, and bring them to a better temper, buti ed the quite contrary way, in provoking tl greater difcontcnrs, and more intemperate lai than before > of all which notice being coi carried to Herocl^ it further exafperated him rougnc to i^ourc on tnis occaiion^ ana when fixed here, he foon brought his Mother thither alfo, and rom this time having the Crown inhisconftantview, e became the chief Inftrument in procuring the de- :ruftion of the two Brothers, the better to fecure is Succeffion to it on his Father's death. Jtgrippa being (z) called to Rome^ (a) Sentius Sa- wninus and l^itus Volumnius fucceeded him in the Tovernment of 6}'r/^ and Phoenicia -^ fome would have 'aturnlnus only to have been Prefident of the Pro- ince, and Volumnius ^ no other than as I-egate, or Ife as Ccefar's Procurator under him, but Jofephus )eaks of him as in joint Commiflion. But before igrippa departed (b) Herod waited on him in Afta^ arrying Antipater thither with him, whom he intro- uced to Agrippa'^ favour, and fent him to Rome I'vOci him, {c) where by vertue of recommendatory :tters from his Father, he got into the good grace f Augaftus^ and many of the great men of Rome. .ut while thus abfent he ceafed not to carry on his lot againft the two Brothers, often {c) exciting /i/^- id againft them by his letters, which he craftily 'rote in a Style, which concealing all manner of lalice againft the accufed exprcflea only a concern )r his Father's fafety. Agrippa on his return to Rome^ (d) was fent againft le FannonianSj who had revolted > but on is coming againft them, the Rebels being Hero^^^* ighted by the terrour of his name, fub- litted to fuch Terras of Peace, as were required ^ (a) Jofephus ibid. (a) Jofephus Anriq. lib. i6. cap. 12, & i?. of Tiberius the Ton of Livia by her termer h but very unwillingly, as knowing the man j want of a better being neceflitated to fix on \ gave him his daughter Julia^ the Widow of ceafed, to Wife, caufing him to divorce his Wife to make room for her. The breach between Herod and his Sons b) amne (till growing wider and wider, HeT^d ''■ means of thofe that did ill offices b ^^' them, it at length came to that pal: Herod being no longer able to bear them (f them along with him mio Italy ^ and made this thither of purpofe to accufe them before Jt and having found him at Aquileia^ he there b the caufe before him. His charge againlt the that they carried themfelves undutifully and it ly towards him, and had formed defigns by to take away his life. But of this laft Charge, in lay the main of the accufation, nothing ap] but jealoufies and groundlefs fufpicions, AugU) quitted the young men, and having reconcile father to them fent them all home made fully //^ro^/ on his return to 7(?r/^y^/t?;;^, having cali people together in the Temple related to th( event of his journey, and according to the po^ ven to him by Augufius^ he named Antifater fir 11 place to fucceed him in the Kingdom, an after him the Sons of Mariamne. Herod after twelve years time \£) having f (e) Dion Caffius lib. 5-4. p. 5-45. Sueronius in 0 and when Jud^a fell under the Oman yoak, this was moftly made the feat {h) of the rocurator, who governed that Province. After this(0 I built feveral other Cities, 2iS Ant ipatris^ Cypron and hafaelis. The firft he named from his Father, the cond from his Mother, and the third from Pha- lel his Brother. And from him alfo he named a large 'ower, which he built at Jerufakm of equal iize ith that o^ Pharus near Alexandria^ calling it the 'owGx o^ Phafael^ of which mention hath been (k) .ready made. The Jews of Afia and Cyrene being opprefTed by le Heathen Inhabitants, among whom they welt, and not permitted to live accordmg Herod lo. 3 their own Laws and Religion, and the •rivileges formerly granted them in order hereto, (/) ddrefled themfelves to Augufius for relief in this grie- ance, and obtained from' him an Edi6t in their fa- our, whereby all was decreed for them, that they elired. Salome^ Pberoras and Antipater {m) purfuing their )lot againft the Sons of Mariamne^ took care that fo nany falfe Stories were carried to Herod concerning hem, and fuch ill reprefentations of their condu6t vere from time to time partly by their agents, and )artly by themfelves continually made unto him, that Lt len^^th this caufed another open breach between (h) Afts xxiii. 15, 2+. 8v 33. xxv. 6. 13. {i) Jofephus ibid. him. To make difcovery of the imagined he put all the Confidents of the young Princi the Rack, thereby to extort a Confeflion fro of what they knew nothing of. And the T making fome of them for the gaining of ( any thing that might obtain it, falfe ftories \ livered initead of true confeflions, fome of bearing hard upon Alexander^ he was hereon to piifon, and loaded with chains, and more were put to the Queftion to draw from thei iations againll him. Alexander^ by'thefe prai gainfl him, being made defperate, fent four p jiis father, wherein, to create the old Tyrant vexation and diflurbance he was able, he mad feffion of plots, and treafonable confpiracies, "were never as much as thought of, and namec ras and Salome his Brother and Siiler, with and Sapinnius his two prime Minifters, and i thers of his chief Confidents, as accomplices This had the defigned efFe6t, by creating Tyrant more perplexity and vexation than e thing had before. For being naturally of a \ picious Temper, and the conicioufnefs of his nical and opprefTive Conduct in the Governm king him more fo, he fwallowed for truth i Alexander's papers reprefented to him 5 when petSting every body, and trufting no body, h like a mad Man againfh all, condemning f death, andtormentmg others till they expiree Rack- becaufe thev would not confefs wh knew nothing of 5 whereby having turned lace into a Slaughter-houfe, and filled it all o^ unit Alexander n r^o at which Augujius being r^\ I^C^U. the plot tor nis death betorc he lett Arabia^ whole bufinefs at B.ome was to make an inten Auguftus for the Succeffion, when the av flioLild happen. But the Nahathaans without any application to Auguftus for a new King, c ing his Pleafure at all about it, immediately pi; the Throne of the deceafed, one Mneas^ wh wards by a Name very common among the . Kings was called Hareth^ in Greek Aretas. The try where he reigned was Arabia Petraa^ f( from Petra the Metropolis^ and the Inhabitant defcended fi'om Nebaiotb^ (d) one of the Sons mael^ were from him named Nabathieans. (e) Dionyfius of Halicarnaffus this Year b write his Roman Hiftory. He continued it c twenty Books to the time of the firfl Punic w there ended it where Polybius begun. But ( twenty Books only eleven now remain, the rei loll:. It is written in Greek^ and is the full moft accurate of all that have been written Roman Affairs. He came to Rcme^ twenty tw< before he begun the compofure of this Book, part of which time he fpent in colleding n for it. Tiberius the Son-in-Law of Auguftus on fo' 4.ano 6 content, for which various caufes ar HeroJ ^^. t>y Hiflorians, (/) left Rome^ and rei Rhodes^ on pretence of improving hir that Place by his Studies, where he contmuei \q,vzx\ Years in a private Life. He had a gre (c) Tofephus ibid. (d) Gen. xxv. i 3. xxviii. 9. 1 ^ ,_, J ^ ^» ^i.,w <^..^loyed Nicolaus Damafcenus herein. On his arrival at lome.^ being informed how much Auguftus was •repofTefTed with Syllaeus^ Information againft Herod^ le durft not direftly apply to him about that matter. Jut finding there Ambafliidors from the Nahathceans^ le joyned with them as their Advocate, purpofing n the (pleading of their Caufe to bring in that of 'lerod's by the by, and thus by a fide Wind to come t the clearing of what was alledgcd againft him. rhpfe Ambafladors were then at Rome on a two-fold ccount3 the firft to compliment Auguftus {rom their lew King, and the fecond to accufe SylUus of the loifoning of Ohodas^ and many other Crimes which hey had to obje6t againft him. As to the firft part •f their commifiion Auguftus would give them no Audience, tho' they brought very fubmiffive Letters mm Aretas^ and very valuable Prefents, bein"; much Crimes, which were very many, he at length ed him with being guilty of a great Affron Auguflus himfelf, by audacioufly impofing ( lies and calumnies, and inflanced in the 2 which he had given of the Aftion of Herod the ^rachonites at Repta^ which he averred falfe from one end to the other > at which u. being flartled, bid him make out that, wav other particulars j which Nkolaus having d laying before him the whole truth of the m above related, and Syllieus then prefent and co ed not being able to contradi6t any one point Auguflus gave Sentence againft him, that he be carried back into Arabia^ and made pay Debt to Herod^ and after that be put to death, was accordingly executed upon him, he be headed at Rome^ as (j) Strabo^ who lived i times, alTures us. Jofephus (i) tells us that v was carried back into Arabia^ he there refufe any thing of what he had been enjoynedby z and therefore being hereof accufed by Ant. the behalf of Herod his Father, he was on be again brought to Rome ^^ini^ then mod likel that he was put to death in the manner as relates. Auguftus being hereby (Ji) again reconc Herod^ was grieved that he had given fo r Ins Ear to Sylheus's falfe x4.ccufations again And therefore to make him amends, he had (Jo) This Bebt jofephus xvi. 13, faith ivas no more than/i. Nicolaus in his Speech to Auguftus kys it at five hnndred Talen irry on their former Plot againft the Sons of A^a- amne for the reafons already mentioned, (k) they [led the old King's Head fo full of Jealoufies, Suf- cions, and falfe Accufations againft them, and lereby fo thoroughly pofTefled him of their being . a confpiracy againft his Life, that although no- ting was proved againft them, but their intention ^ making iheir efcape from him into fome other ountry, where they might live out of the reach of his Tannical Cruelty, yet on the proof of this one par- cular only, believing all the reft, he refolved on leir deftrudion, and wrote to Auguftus for the ob- lining of his leave accordingly to proceed againft lem, fetting forth to him all that he had to lay to leir charge 5 and he fent Volumnius his Marftial de lamp, and Olympus another of his Friends, to Rome ^ith his Letters, wherein all this was contained, gi- ing them in diredion, that in cafe they found Ju- iftus by the means of Nicolaus's Embafty reconciled ) him,' then to deliver the Letters, but not other- 'ife. And therefore on their Arrival finding that all ^as again fet right with Juguftus^xhty prefented him le Letters, which being full of invectives -^nd bitter icpreftions againft his Sons, Auguftus on the perufal f them, confidering his Age, and prefent Misfor- mes about his Children, thought it not proper in lefe Circumftances to burden him with the care of lother Kingdom > and therefore retracting his Re- )lutions as to this matter he fent for the Nahath<^an Lmbafladors, accepted their Prefents, and confirmed ^r^/^^ in his Kingdom. However he wrote a kindLet- ^r rn TJprnrJ. \\r\\ere\r\ havinfy rondoled his Misfor- ing muck pleafed with this Letter, immediai fummoned a Council to meet at the place men calling thither to it Saturninus and Volumnius < nours of Syrla^ and all others whom Augufius'% direfted him to, excepting only Archelaus K Cappadocia^ who being Father-in-Law to Ale was thought by Herod too much engaged b Relation to be an impartial Judge in this J The Council being fat, Herod accufed his Sons them with that Vehemence, and laid fo many to their charge, that the majority being ov thereby, pafled Sentence of Condemnation them, and left it to Herod to execute it, as he think fit. Whereon fending them to SehCi caufed them there both to be flrangled. And thi] the Life of thefe unfortunate Brothers, who much cxpreiGTing their Refentments for their IV^ death, provoked thofe, who had been the ch thors of it, at length by like Artifices to ] theirs. In which Tragedy Salome the Sifter o flded the chiefeft part, who being a very era malicious Woman feldom ftood out where a chief was to be done. She governed herfelf by Herod' % Inclinations, and whatfoever wick pofes fhe found him intent upon, fhe humoun ^nd always concurred with him therein, and b wicked means flie conftantly maintained her with that bloody Tyrant, and had the firft \. his favour and confidence, as long as he lived, At this time Zacharias faw the vifion in th( pie, of which we have an account in the firft ter of St. Luke^ as he there officiated in his 'lafs had his part in the Service appointed him (o) y Lot, and therefore Zacharias being of the courfe F Jhiah came up to Jerufalem in the week of his 3urfe there to officiate with the others of it in his ffice, and when the day of his Service came, his ot was to offer Incenfe upon the Altar of Jnccnfe I the Holy place 5 and while he was officiating in lat Service, the Angel Gabriel appeared to hiiii, and )retold to him the birth of his fon John the Baptift^ id the miniftry on which he fhould be fent, where- f we have the Hillory in the faid firft Chapter of t. Luke, The Sons of Mariamne being dead, and Jntipater aving nothing now that flood in his way ) the Crown, but the Life of Herod^ to ^^"q/" ■ et rid of him (pj was the thing next in '^ sfign J in order whereto jlntipater [q) entered into Cohfpiracy with Pheroras and others for the dif^ atching of him by poifon. For Pheroras^ though e had always found Herod a kind Brother to him, ras at this time very much out with him on the ac- Dunt of his Wife, which he had lately married. Oa le death of his former Wife Herod (r) offered him ne of his Daughters, which he had by Mariamne -^ ut he being deeply fmitten with the Love of a ^aid-Servant in his Houfe married her, and rejeded 3r her fake the King's Daughter > whereon fhe was iven to Phafael the Son o£ Phafae I Herod's elder Bro- ler. However Horod after fome time to make up (m) z Chron. xxiv, (n) See Lighttoot's Temple Service, Chap.Vi; ) See \J\^iiooi'sT^?npk Service^ Chap. IX. (p) Jofephus Antiq.' to put away the Wife he had lately married, 1 he doted upon her. This widening the bn tween the two Brothers, /Jniipater rook th( tage hereof to engage Pheroras in his defign there was another occafion, which did fee tt ther at difference. About this time {t) the nation of the Jews being called upon to fwea ance to Juguftus^ and the King, the Pharifet number of above feven thoufand perfons refi Oath in the fame manner (u) as they had c fore, upon a Notion that it was againft their yield allegiance to any Prince (w) that was nc Stock of Ifrael. Hereon {x) Herod impofc upon them for the punifhment of the con this Pheroras's wife out of the Zeal Ihe had Se6fc {x) paid all down for them j in requital thofe men (who by filfe pretences had gottei the Vulgar the opinion of a Prophetic Spii out, that God had determined the transferrir Kingdom from the line of Herod to Pberora. IfTue by this woman, which occafioned fon ous Difcourfes and Praftices among the peo which Herod having gotten information cj the means of Salome^ feveral of the Pharifees ken up upon it, and put to death. Herec calling a Council of his Friends, did therein all this matter, and charging the Origins whole of it upon Pheroras's wife, comman to put her away, telling him, that he mu difown that woman for a Wife, or never i tti T.oG'nKiie iKi/1 ff\ Inff r>hnz Ant\n liK it ran -» s reft of his family, to have no more converfation correfpondence with him or his wife 5 which as ich angering P her or as as Herod was angered again ft n, he ftruck in the defer with Ayitipater in his )rft defigns, and (j') made himfelf a party with n in the Plot to poifon the old King 5 and that th of them might be out of the way when itihould executed, thereby the better to avoid being fuf- 6led of it, Jntipater {z) procured to be called to )me^ there to attend upon Auguftus^ and {a) Phero- f gladly laid hold of the commands laid upon him Plerod to retire to his Tctrarchy, fwearing never Dre to return as long as Herod fhould live, and he ide his Oath good. For altho' Herod in a ficknefs, bich a little after befel him, fent earneftly to fpealc th him, he would not come at him. But not- ithftanding a little after Pheroras falling fick, He- i made him a kind vilit, and with great tendernels nented his cafe, which foon after grew fo bad that : dyed of it. After his death (b) two of his freed en made heavy complaint to Herod^ that he had en poifoned by his Wife. Herod on this making ift enquiry, and putting feveral to the Torture, at igth came hereby to the difcovery of the plot hich was laid againft himfelf by Amipater^ Phero^ J, and others, to take him off by poifon. This )ifon one Antiphilus a Friend of Antipater's had got epared at Alexandria by a brother of his, that there adifed Phyfick, and from thence brought it to Je- falem^ and there delivered it to neudion the bro- (y) Tofephas Andq. lib. 17. cap. 6. (z) Tof.-phus Antiq. li Herod lent for Pheroras's Wife, who confe whole, acknowledging that fhe had the poif( vered to her to keep, but that P her or as repei the plot on Herod's kind vifiting of him in ficknefs, ordered her to fetch the poifon, anc into the fire before his face, and that Ihe acc( did fo, excepting only that fhe referved a fn for herfelf to make ufe of it, if there iliouk pccafion. Hereby it was clearly made out t tipater having procured the death of his two to make his way to the Crown, had now fame end laid a mofl wicked plot for the p of his Father. While this was a doing in Judaa^ the Tc ^anus was fhut up at Rome. Their ufage w open its Gates in time of war, and to fhut in times of peace. They had been fliut o times fioce the fird; building o£ Rome. The time was in the reign o^ Numa*, the {d) (ca the end of the firft Punk warj the {e) th Augiiftiis had vanquilhcd Antony and Cleopa. reduced thereby the whole Roman Empire t( Submiflion to him, which hapncd in the ye Chrift twenty nine 3 the (/) fourth time fc after, that is in the ifth year before Chrift^ gufius's return from the war which he had Cantabriansm Spain -y and the fifth time (^ this year under the reign of the fame Augufi (c) Livius lib. i. Plutarchus in Numa. (d) Livii dius ibid. Velleius Parerculus lib. 2. cap. 58. Florus lib. 2 (e) Velleius Paterculus ibid. Dion Cafllus lib. ci. p. 4f7, the Houfe of David^ lately efpoufed to 7^/^/^ of fame lineage, to declare to her the good tidings, t of her was to be born the Son of God ; where- (/) being over- fhado wed by the Holy Ghofl, {he iceived thereby, and at the end of this year Chrifi Saviour of the world was born of her. duguftus (k) having ilTued out a Decree for the ta- g of a Dcfcription or Survey of the whole Rommz ipire, fuch as fhould contain an account of all the fons, Pofleflions, and Eftates therein, and the xes ifliiable from them, it was this year executed Jud^a^ in the manner as St. Luke in his Gofpel re- s. Such an account ufed'to be taken of the Ci- :ns of Rome every fifth year, and they had Offi- s of purpofe appointed for it called Cenfors. Their inefs was (/) to take an Account, and make a Re- :ration of all the Roman Citizens, their Wives and ildren^ with the Age, Qualities, Trades, Offices, I Eftates real and perfonal of all of them. Augufliis t extended this to the Provinces j and {m) three ,es during his Reign he caufed the like Defcripti- to be mad-^of all the Provinces o'i x.\\^ Roman Em- i. The firft was in the year when he himfelf was fixth time and M. Agrippa the fecond time Con- , that is in the year before the Chriftian Mra %%, ^) Luke i. 16. 36. (i) Luke i. 5^. {h) Luke ii. i, 2." "enforis officiura erat omnia patrimonii, dignitatis, a;tatis, artium, iorumque difcrimina inTabuJas referre, L. Florus lib. i. cap, 6. Cen- populi, -iEvitateSj Sobolcs, Familias, pecuniakjue cenlento, Cicero t^ibus ]ib. 5. (m) Suetonius in Ofiavio cap. 27. Monumer.tuni rrir»i)rv» /^nrt^ ovKir in Mnric C'y^'\\\\\r\r\\ nrl .'snpmniiim. in nrnrfrn. cond time he did it by himfelf alone, and th Defcription which St. Luke refers to. The concerning it iilued out the year I have me that is in the eighth year before the Chrilli: 'which was three years before that in whi< was born. So long had the taking of this tion or Survey been carrying on through Sy, Syria^ Phoonicia and Judaa^ before it came lehem. And when it came thither, Jofeph Mary his Wife were called from Nazareth ii the place of their Habitation, to this City lehern^ the City of David^ to which as bein Houfe and Lineage of David they did origi long, that there as Citizens of that place, th Circum fiances and Eibites might be defcribe( giftered among thofe who were of the fan: and Family with them 5 and while on this they tarried there, was it that Mary was d and the promifed feed Chrifi our Lord, by w world was to be faved,*w^as then born of he place, in the manner as in the Gofpels is That we allow three years for the Executio Decree can give no juft reafon for excepti( fuppofing the execution of it in every Pro the Roman Empire to have been committed Governour of it, (and that it was fo in . Sentius Saturninus the Roma?i Prefident of it tuUian doth atteft) to carry this work thr< the Countries that made up the Province c that is through Syria^ Coele-Syria^ Phcenicia »{reffiv)ns, Euates, Qualities, and other circumftan- >. And when a Delcription and Survey like this b mentioned was ordered by William the Conqueror be taken for England only, I mean that of the Dme's-day book, it was (?) fix years in making, d the Roman Province of Syria was much more than ^ice as big as all England, But although this De- iption or Survey was at this time made for Judaa^ d every man's ellate eftimated and valued accord- 5 as ufed to be done by the Romans for the laying their Taxes 5 yet no paymentof any Tax was there ide upon it till the twelfth year after. Till then T^i, and after him Archelaus his fon reigning in 'A^a^ no Taxes were then paid by the Jews of that 3untrv, but to thefe Princes only 5 but when in the d twelfth year Archelaus was depofed, and Judaea It UiiJer the Command and Government of a Ro- m Procurator, then fint were Taxes paid the Ro^ ms tor that Country, Publius Sulpitius ^irinius, ho in Ireek is called Cyrenius^ being at that time overnour, that is F-'refident of Syria. If it be asked r what reafon then was this Survey or Defcription " Jud^a made, if no Taxes were then to be paid >on it? The Anfwcr is, Auguftus was then at work I the compofure of a book containing fuch a Sur- y and Defcription of the whole Roman Empire, as at, which our Dome's-day book doth for England, \ order whereto his Decree for this Survey or De- ((l) 2 Samuel xxiv. 8. {r) For Levi arid Benjamin were notnum- \l, 1 Chron. xxi. 6. (s) 2 Sam. xxiv. 9. i Chron. xxi. 5-. It was h^gtm in the \ ^thyear of King Wiiliamthe Conqueror, ami not buces the Roman Emperors had from thefe < anc Kingdoms was from the Princes of the: from the People. The People paid their 1 their Princes, and the Princes their Tribut( Roman Emperors. Of the Book, which . made out of the Surveys and Defcriptions, were at this time returned to him out of eve vincc, and depending Kingdoms of the Rom pire, {u) 'Tacitus^ (w) Suetonius^ and {x) Dio) make mention, and reprefent it to be very the fame nature with our Dome's-day boo! mentioned. Putting all this together, the S Series of this matter appears to be as foUovve gufius three years before the Birth of Chrift iff a Decree for the making of a general Survey fcription of the whole Roman Empire, and c Province and depending State and Kingdom and committed it to the care of the Gover each Province to have it executed > and Sem turninus being then Prefidcnt of Syria^ was ( with it for that Province, and the depending doms, States, and Tetrarchies, that were wi who having carried it on through all other ] '" («) Hift.Hb. I. cap. n. ibi dicit in hoc libello. Opes pii tinebantur, quantum civium Sociorumque in armis, quot Clall Provincise, Tributa aut veftlgalia 8c necefluares & largitiones. (to) In06tavio cap. loi. ubi hxc habet. Auguftus de tr minibus pod fe reliiftis terrio coin plexus ell Breviarium torii quantum militum fub iignis ubiquc elTet, quantum pecuniae & Fifcis, &: veftigalium refiduis. {x) Lib. f^, p. 5-91. Tertius Liber fumniam Milirum, Rcddituum, impendiorum^ \ pecuniae in Thcfauris, aliauuc id genus ad Piincipatum pertini as there laid or levied according to that valuation il the dcpofing of Archelaus^ and the reducing of udaa under the Roman Government in the twelfth Jar after, when Cyrenius was Governour of Syria -, ^o lat there were twodifl:in£l particular a6lions in this atter done at two diftinct and different times, the •ft the making the Defciiption or Survey, and the cond the laying and levying the Tax thereupon, nd what is in the firft verfe of the fecond Chapter 'St. Luke is to be underftoodof the former of thefc, id what is in the fecond verfe only of the latter. nd this reconciles that Evangelift v/ith Jofephus. 3r it is manifeft from that Author, that (y ) Cyre- us was not Governour of Syria^ or any Tax levycd )on Jud^a^ till Archelaus was dcpofed, and that ountry brought under a Roman Procurator, which as above eleven years after Augu(ius\ Decree for aking of the Dcfcriprion above mentioned was ex- uted at Bethlehem, And therefore the making of is Defcription cannot be that which was done while ^renins was Governour o^ Syria -^ but the other par- :ular, that is the laying and levying the Tax there- >on certainly was. For then firft was a RomanGo-^ rnour under the Name and Style of Procurator of id^a put over that Nation, and then ^\i\ werS ey forced to pay Taxes to the Roman Emperor, of hich a full Account is given in ( y) Jofephus. And erefore if the fecond verfe of the fecond Chapter St. Luke be fo rendered as to imply, that the Ic- ing of the Tax according to the Defcription men- med in the former verfe was firft executed^ while renius was Governour of Syria^ this will remove tion of the Jews placeth the beginning of t of the Meffiah: For (2;) it faith, that the Wc to kft fix thoufand Years, of which two t Years were before the Law, and two thoufiir under the Law, and the lafl: two thoufan were to be under the Meffiah, This Traditioi to be of great Antiquity, and is ftill retain great Veneration among that people as one mod: authentical of this fort. But its pretei foretel, when the World fhall end, which Scriptures tell us God hath referved as a f( himielf, fufficiently proves the vanity of it. ever fince the Jews give fuch credit thereto place it among the moft Authentic of their ens, it fervcs againit them, firft to prove 1 when according to their own do6lrine th( was to come 3 idly, to convi£t them of th( and moft perverfe infidelity, in that where having been born in the four thoufandth ye Creation, from which according to this 1 the rime of his appearance was to begin, tl now fuffered above feventeen hundred Years and have not yet acknowledged him. Li anfv to {h) they ccnfefs, that the four thoufandth the Creation was the time, from whence th the MeJJiah were to begin, and chat this wa; ry time which was pointed at by the prop!" the old Teftamcnt for the time of his com \h) fay that the fulfilling of them hath beer by reaibn of their Iniquiues. -But this is co a general received do6hine among them. me he never fiiils of their performance. And for is reafon {e) in the Tryal of a Prophet they make a certain fign of a falfe prophet, if the good which foretells be not exadly accompliihed, but not fo a prophecy of evil Things : For they fay, that Dd often abates of his threats, but never of his Dmifes. And indeed there is this reafon for it, that omifes transfer a right to them to whom they are ide to expeft their performance > but threats give right to any one to demand their execution, but Lve it ftill in the power of the threatner to drop or ate whatfoever he hath threatned according as he ill fee caufe for the fame. (/) Wife men from the Eaft of the Scft of the agians following the guidance of a Star, me and worfh.ipped Chrift at Bethlehem -^ Herocf'^i d thereon followed Herod's defign to de- 'oy him, the flight of Jofeph and Mary with him to Egypt to prevent it, and the murder of the In- (cents at Bethkhera^ in the manner as related by St. ^atthew in his Gofpel. Macrohius a writer of the th Century {g} tells us, that among thofe Innocents erod flew a young Son of his own, and that thereon uguftus made this refle6l:ion, that it was better to ; Herod's Hog, than his Son. But it is not likely at Herod fhould have a Child fo young as thofe In- )cents at that age he was then ofj the Death of {c) Maimonides in pr^fatione ad Seder 7,eraim, quam videas Latins •fam in Pocockii Porta Moiis. {d) Jonah iii. lo. (. and five days after that ex dyed Herod himfelf, in the feventieth year Age, after he had reigned from the time of ing declared King at Rome thirty {tMQ.x\ yea from the death of Antigomis thirty four. H: hapned towards the end of this year, or elfe beginning of the next. For it appears from fephus^ that the Pafchal Feaft, which was alw lebrated in the beginning of the Spring, f foon after. Knowing the hatred thtjews had for him^ eluded aright, that there would be no Lame at his death, but rather gladnefs and rejoicing all the Country over. To prevent this {k) he a project and refolution in his Mind, which of the horrideft and mod wicked, perchanc ever entered into the heart of Man. For ha^ fued out a Summons, to all the principal ar nenteft Jews of his Kingdom, commanding t pearance at Jericho (where he then lay) on death at a day appointed, on their arrival thil fhut them all up in the Circus^ and then fenc Salome his Sifter, and Alexas her Husband, coi ih) Tofethus Antiq. lib. 17. rap. 7, 9, & de Bello Judaico iw J.Xioth from the Jews and the Samaritans o accufe him hereof before Auguftus^ whereon he vas called to Rome to anfwer for them. On his appearing there, not being able to juftify limfelf before the Emperor, but being bund guilty of all that was charged upon ^^^^^5' o lim, (0) he was depofed from his Princi- "^" "^ ^ )ality, had all his goods condemned to be confifcated, md he himfelf was baniihed to Vienna in Gallia^ after le had reigned in Judaea ten years. (i) Tacitus ibid. {k) Macrobius Saturnal. lib, i. cap. 14. So- nus cap. 3. (/) Velleius Paterculus lib. 2. cap. 103. Suetonius in ^'iberb cap. 21. (m) Suetonius in Tiberio, cap. i 5-. Tacitus Anna] Province J and Coponius a Roman of the Eq order was fenc with him to take on him t vernment of it under the Title of Procurator d£a. On their arrival at Jerufahm^ they fe Archelaus\ Goods, according to the Sentence < fifcation pafTed againil him by Auguftiis^ and in a great part abolillicd the Jewifh Pohcy ei ed the Roman in its ftead, and Coponius took < in the name o^ Jiiguftus the adminiftrarion of ilill in Subordination to the P'-eJidcnt of Sy} iaa being made a part of t'vat Province. Af (r) the power of Life and Death was taken the hands of the Jews^ and placed wholly Roman Procurator, and his fubordinate Officei Taxes were thenceforth paid immediately Roman Ernperor. The Defcription and Regi of every Man's pofieffion was made eleven yc fore by Sentius Saturmmiss but the laying an^ ing of the Taxes according thereto was not execution till that Country was reduced it form of a Roman Province by Cyrenius then iiour of Syria^ in the manner I have mentioned raifing of thcfe Taxes (s) caufed great dillu among the Jews^ many oppofing it, fome un notion of an univerfal Liberty, that they \ have no King but God > and others, that the not to own a King, by paying Taxes to hir was of a Foreign Nation , becaufe the Lav manded (t) not to fet a Stranger^ which is not l Enthren^ to he King over them. The firfl was (/)) Jofepbus Antiq. lib. 18. cap. 1. (^.) Srrabo mita it 1 \*K ,* TN ^Ar. f,\ TnVin vuiii. ■» T Scp ] .whii'oot ofl thi he Fhartjees^ the predominant lect or the Jevjs^ and :om them imbibed by the gcneraHty of chat people. Lnd hence it was, that in the time of our Saviour's 4iniflration they had made it a Queflion, whether bey were to pay Tribute to Cafar or no. For tho* hey were forced to fubmit hereto, yet as to the Le- ality of the thing they generally held it in the Ne- ative. And this was the reafon that the Publicans, hat is thofe of that Nation who were employed un- er the Romans for the gathering of thofe Taxes, icrt in fo great odium and deteftation among them, or they looked on their Employment as a conihnc reach of their Law, and them for their a6ling lercin as Apoftates from it, and the worfl of Men, ich as were not to be drunk or eaten with, or ad- jitted to common Converfation. And hence it is lat in the Gofpels we find Publicans and Sinners fo ften joyned together, and our Saviour fo often re- roached for converfing with them. At the fame time that Cyrenius was in Jud^a^ on le fettling this matter of the Tax, {w) he depofed 'oazar the Son of Boethus from being High-Priell:, id appointed Annas the Son of Seth to fucceed him \ that office, in which he continued feveral years. In the fame year while this was a doing, {x) our aviour being then in the twelfth year of his age, ^ent up to Jerufalem with Jofeph and Mary to the alTover, and there firfl appeared in his Prophetic )ffice, and the bufinefs of his Father, on which he ^as fent, in fitting among the Do61;ors in the Tern- le, and there declaring the truth of God unto of the Covenant whereby the MefTages of ] Salvation were revealed unto Men. And on coming began to be fulfilled that fignal Prof Jacoh^ (a) I'he Sceptre Jhall not depart from Ju a Law -giver from between his Feet^ until Shil< That by Shiloh is here meant the Mejftah i hands agreed. And at the time of this his Cyrenius having reduced Jud^a into the fo Roman Province, and inrtead of their former nours of their own Nation placed a Roman I tor over them, then began the fulfilling of tl phecy, which fixty two years after was ful pleated in the de{lru6tion of Jerufalem. Fc that is at the time of this redu6tion of Juc Roman Province, the Sceptre and the Lawgiv between their Feet began to be taken from t" which in the deftrudion of the Temple and 'Jerufalem by 'fitus they were wholly depriv have never fince had them again reftored. For the fuller explication of this Prophecy the manner of its completion, thefe followir culars are to be obferved. ift, By the So Judah is meant the Soveraignty in it, and by giver from between his Feet the Adminifln Juftice by thofe of that fame Nation, and ac to their own Laws; and both put togcthe fach a political Conllitution of Government, whereby a Nation is governed by its own and by its own Laws, and this was that wh not to depart from Judah till Shiloh fhouk idly. This conflitution of Government all IJ\ pofiefied of from their coming out of Egyp •ryed into i^aptivity tne ^)cepcre then departed >m thofe Tribes, and the Law-giver from between !ir Feet. For their Princes and their Laws being ;n taken away from them, they -were never after It any more a People, but being fcattered among z Heathen Nations of the Ealf, their Name and ;ir Nation were abforbed and lofb in them, and ^y have never fince been any more heard of But ily, The Tribe o^ Judah^ though they fell under t like Captivity, yet afterwards returned from it 0 their own Land, and had there their Sceptre and .w-giver again reftored to them. For being there bodyed again under the fame Conftirution of Go- *nment, they had again Princes of their own to be ilers over them, and (h) the adminiftration of Ju- re under them by their own Laws in the fame inner as before, ii-nd fo they continued to have thout Interruption (excepting only the three yearst \ an half oi Antiochus's perfecution) till the time It Coponius was made Procurator of Judaa, But m {c) the power of Life and Death being taken im them, and placed in a foreign Governour, and (lice being thenceforth adminidred by the Laws of me^ inftead of thofe of their own Nation, then ily began the Sceptre to depart from Judah^ and 1 Law-giver from between his Feet j and this de- rture was fully compleated in the Deilrudion of nifalem fixty two years after, and therein this Pro- ecy had its intire accomplifhment. Till then fome V remains of their power were ftill left among :m : For they had (till their Sanhedrim or natio- ly ana wnoiiy aDoiunea, ana rrom inac iim( the Sceptre nor the Law-giver hath been a found among them. For although near i6 are now paft lince that deflrudion, and gn bers of this people fwarm all over the W< they have never been able to imbody agai Nation either in their own, or any other L have they to this day ever found a place, wh could re-eilablifb their old Conftitution of . have a Prince of their own to govern them t to their (d) Mchmalotarcha at Babylon j if tha be Hill there in being, he is no more, th their Alaharcha was at Alexandria^ their Eth Antioch^ or their Epifcopus Jud^orum in Englc is the Head of that Sed in that place, Sword or Sceptre, or any Power of Goer Authortity 'of Jurifdifton, but what he hat voluntary Submiffion of the Jews of that < which was the old Bahylonian Province. Ai fore nothing can be more vain, than what i urge as to this matter, that is, that in this j. tarcha is flill preferved both the Sceptre Law-giver in the Tribe of Judah^ and that i the Prophecy of Jacob above mentioned is fulfilled, nor the MeJJiah as yet come. But againft what I have here faid of the tion and fulfilling of this Prophecy it maj je6led, that after the Babylonijh Captivity none, excepting Zerubbabel^ to have had {d) i. e. The Head of the C^ftivity. Such an Officer the Jews had, to -whom they paid a 'voluntary fubmtffion. He chofen by them em of the Houfe of David . But this office hat DCS or ijjcu'i. lo LiJib 1 uiuwci, 1 nat aiier tne )tivity the Tribe of Judah fwallowed all elfe : were left of the other Tribes of Ifrady and all n that time were called Jews^ and reckoned as of Sons of Judah. And as to Herod^ (e) Nicolas of mafcuSy who lived in his Court, attefts him to e been defcended from one of thofe Jewifli Fami- which returned from the Bahylojiijh Captivity, whether this were foornot, it is no where denied, that he was defcended from Anceftors, who had Profelytifme been long ingrafted into the Name Nation of the Jews^ and thereby been made at t adopted Sons of the Tribe o^Judah^ and there- ; he cannot be reckoned as a Stranger to it. rhe fum therefore is 5 The Sceptre and the Law- zt remained among the Jews till both began to be en from them by the Romans on their reducing ya into the form of a Roman Province, and thei> ift the Shiloh promifed began his coming as the $ahy by then iirft entering on his Father's bufi- j, for which he was fent. And that this exa61:ly in with the time of this change plainly appears, • Chfift was then in the {f) twelfth year of his 5 and the twelfth year from Chrift's Birth was t whereon Coponius entered on his Government. : Herod lived one year after the Birth of Chrifty I after the death of Herod (g) Archelans reigned tea rs, and the next year after the Romans feifed Ju^ r, and made it a Province of their Empire. Chrijb refore firfl appeared in the Temple as the Mejfiah chat very time, when the Sceptre and the Law- Marcus Ambivius {h) was fent by Auguflus tc Procurator of Jud^ea^ in the place of A ^"iiV^o ponius. And this fame year, dyed Sa ugu u 4. . ^j^^ Sifter of Herod^ a Woman, whc her crafty and malicious intrigues had caufed o. mifchief in her Brother's Family. 1'iberius (i) was admitted into Co-partnerfhi] Command and Sovereignty with Augi A^uftu?4a ^^ ^^^ ^^^ Provinces and Armies of Tiberius i- ' Roman Empire, and a Decree pafled I the Senate and People of Rome to ( firm him in it. And from hence the fifteenth of 'Tiberius mentioned in the Gofpel of St. Luke : be reckoned. jimo 15. Augufius having recalled Ambivius i Auguftus43. Jud^a^ fent thither Annius Rufus tc Tiberius 2. Procurator of that Province in his fte Auguftiis Cafar (k) dyed at Nol Aupuftus'44 Campania on the nineteenth of Au\^ Tiberius 3. ' after he had lived feventy fix years wan thirty five days 5 for he was born on ZTfdi o£ September in the 63d year before the Chri: jEra^ and dyed on the ipth o^ Auguft in the i year of that Mra. The time of his Reign was fifty fix years, reckoning it from the time of his tering on his firft Confulfhip, which was on the 1 day in the year in v/hich he dyed j butifwereck* from the A5liac Vidory, his reign will then be f (h) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 18. cap. 3. (i) VelleiusPate lib. 2. cap. 121. Suetonius in Tiberio cap. 21. (k) Velleius cuius lib. 2. cap. 123. Suetonius in Odavio cap. 100. Tacitus ran. c. ^ 1 T\\nn r'-iHluc UK .-/? n i»C/^ ^^^ ^itudLam^ iiriu inc maKing jua^ea a f rovince or th Roman Empire. On his death (/) he was fucceedci by fiberius the Son oi Livia his Wife by her forme Husband. He had been made his Partner before ii the fupreme Command of the Provinces and Armies but now the whole Empire devolved on him, am that not only in the Provinces and Armies, but alf( in the Sovereign City of Rome it felf, and thereby hi became in the fame manner, as Anguftus had beci before, Lord of all. He was fifty ^vt years old wher he firll entered on this Succeffion, and reigned fron this time over the whole Roman Empire {m) twenc\ two years, feven months and feven days. 'Tiberius (n) fent Valerius Gratus into Anno i^ Jud^ea^ to be Procurator of that Province ^foi ^4 in the place of Junius Rufus^ in which ^""* ci Government he continued eleven years. The death o^ Jrchelaus King of Cappa- docia^ and of Antiochus King of Comma- ^»no 17- lena^ and Philopater King o£ Cilicia, Tiberius '^^* which all happened the fame year, cau- ""^c3* ting fome Difturbances in thofe Countries, (0) Tibe- vius laid hold on this occafion to recal Germanicus From his Germanic Legions, (where he feared his power and intereft with the Soldiery) to fend him nto the Eaft, pretending that thofe difturbances :ould no otherwife be removed than by the Wifdom (l) Jofephus Antiq. lib. 18. cap^g. VtM'^ii Paterculus lib. 2. cap. 14. Tacitus Anna), lib. I. cap. 7. Suetonius in Tiberio cap. 24 Dion rafTius lib. ^7. {m) Dion CalTius lib. 5-8. p. 639. /«; Jofephus ^miq. hb. 18. cap. 3. io) Tacitus Annal. lib. 1. cap. c. 42,4, ofephus ibid. 'y "i>* Tiberius -. ' diiturbances that were in Armenia^ Zeno^ the Son of Polemon King oi ius^ King of that Country, to the great Satisfi both of the Nobility and Populacy of it, he h been bred among them, and made himfelf alwa ceptable to them. After this he marched into and there took up his Winter Quarters. Cn was then Prefidenc of that Province. (^) H fent thither at the fame time that Germankus into the Eaft, and his private Commiflion frc herius was to be a Curb, and a Check upon Ge^ cus^ and to create him all the Trouble and Ve: he was able > and he failed not executing to i\ moft all that was given him in charge as v matter. Germankus in the {r) Spring pafled from Syru Egypt^ and there took a view of a Mno 19.^ Curiofities of that Country, failir the Nile from Canopus^ as far as th( ders of Ethiopia. On his return in m, (j) he fell fick, and dyed at Antioch of adminirter'd to him by the fraud of Pi/ and it wa doubted, but that it was {t) by fecretin{lru61:ioi T'iherius himfelf, that this villanous Act was Germanicus had by many eminent Qualifications cd the efteem and affedion of all Men to an hi (f) Tacitus Annal. lib. i. cap. ^4, 5-6- Suetonius in Caligula c ((f) Tacitus Annal. lib. 2. cap. f ,-. {r) Tacitus Anm cap. 5-9 ^61. (i) Tacitus Annal. lib. i. cap 69 7 Tiberius I 12. And therefore aflbon aj they returned to Rome^ (w) ley were both arraigned for it before the enate. But Pifo there finding his condem- ^'''"' ^°* ition unavoidable f?ll on his own Sword Tiberius { ^' ) prevent the Sentence, and fo dyed by is own Hands. Valerius Gratus (x) having removed ^n^ zs from being High-Prieft, afrer he had ^"''' ^^] een fifteen years in the Office, fubftitu- Tiberius^ sd Jfmael^ the Son of Fabus^ in his place. But in the next year after being difpleafed with lis choice {y) he again removed Ifmael^ id promoted to this Office Eleazar the ;^''''' 'j:* on oi \\i2X Annas ^ whom he had lately Tiberius J^^* epofed from it. But afcer a year's time {z) he removed him alfo, nd made Simon the Son of Camith High- rieft in his flead, who continued in ^^"'^Ti.. lis Office no longer than his Predeccf- Tiberius {j '^^ )r. For the next year after {a) was appointed to fuc- eed him by the fame Gratus Jofeph fur- amed Caiphas {b) the Son-in Law of An- ^''"' '^' ^ as above mentioned 5 which two {c) Tiberius ||^' /ere the High-Pricfts, that are fpoken (h) Tacitus Anna), lib. 2. cap. 71, 72. Suetonius in Caligula cap. , 8c (). (t??) Tacitus Anna!, lib. j. cap. lo i ^-. Dion iaflfms lib. )7. p. (>ij-. {x) Jofephus Atatiq. lib, 18. cap. 5. y) Jofephcs ibid. {z) Jofephus ibid. f^j Jofephus ibid. '} John xviii. 13. {c) Luke iii. 2. Ads iv. 6. John xviii. eCUted CniOUgn nis wnuic vjuvcimucui,. rrj cUtis (e) chargeth him to have been guilty the feUing Juftice, and giving any Sentence for ]\ of rapins, of injuries, of murders, of unjuft to ings, of putting Men arbitrarily to death v procefs or fentence of Law, and of exceffive elty thorough his whole Adminiftration 5 andb an hardned Temper of Iniquity he was thor fitted for the giving of that unjuft Sentence w he condemned to death him that is the L Life. This Year was the fifteenth year of fiberh the time that he was admitted to reign in C nerfhip with Juguftus. And this was that fi year of the Reign of 7'iberius mentioned (/J Luke^ in which St. John the Baptifi (g) firft p the Baptifm of Repentance for the remiffion ( and therein the Gofpel of Jefus Chrift Qo) had ginning. For Chrijh appeared for the revea this Gofpel firft by this his MelTenger fent hisJFace to prepare the way for his perfonal ancc, which was accordingly made by hii years and an half after. Firft therefore John t tift begun the miniftry of the Gofpel in this f \'ear ot Tiberius^ and continued in it for thn and an half, t^at is he begun it about the tim Pafchal Feaft, and continued it till the Feaft bcrnacles in the fourth year afcer. And th< being caft into Prifon (i) Chrift appeared to {d) Jofephus Antiq. lib. i8. cap. 3. (e) In Libro ©neadtaium. (/j Luke iii. i. {g) Luke ii 11 A. ?M Mark i. r. (i) Matth. iv. 12, & 17. at the beginning of this Week ended the fixty twc Weeks of this Prophecy, which pointed out thetimi of the coming o£ Chrifl in the miniftry of hisGofpel and how this lafl Week then begun j and how ii that Week the Covenant was confirmed with many and how in the laft half of it the Levicical Sacrifice and Oblations were made to ceafe, and in the Con clufion of the faid Weeks the Mejfiah was cut off hath been ah-eady ihewn in the firft part of this Hi flory, and therefore I need not here again repeat it. At the time appointed by this Prophecy Chrifi be came a Sacrifice for us to make Reconcilia- tion for our iniquities, and dyed upon the jf^*^^ ^^' i^ r r i_ T- • • r L i Tiberius i ( Crois for the Expiation of them 5 and thereby having purchafed his Spiritual Kingdom o ver us, he took pofleffion of it on his Refurre6tioi from the dead. For then his Church, which is hi Kingdom, had its beginning, and therein were ful filled two other of DanieVs Prophecies relating ti this his Kingdom, the firfl contained in the fecom Chapter of that Prophet, and the other in the fe vcnthj both which foretold, that the Kingdom 0 the Mejjiah fliould come on and grow upon the de cay of that of the Romans. For the four Kingdom fet forth by the four Metals of Nehuchadnezzar's I mage in the firfl: of thofe Prophecies, and by the fou Beads in the other are meant the four Monarchies 0 the Babylonians^ the Perfians^ the Macedonians^ an the Romans y and that after the decay of the King dom o^ tht Romans^ the Kingdom of the Mefjia (k) Daniel ix. Jljould ferve him^ and that his Dominion is an ev, ing Dominion^ which jhall mt pa;s a-way , an Kingdom that which Jhall not be deftroyed^ can b deiitood oFnone other than ot Chrift^ and his J dom. And therefore the Strength 'MthG Romar, pire beginning to decay in the Rf .9;rj ot T^ii then accordingly commenced the bi.grn ung o Kingdom oi^ the Meffiah in the erection or his G here on Earth. In (n) the firft of chefe Prop] the Roman Empire is fet forth by Legs of Iroi Feet of Iron and Clay mingled together > th plies the two forts of Governments which tht Tnans were under j firft the legal Government their old Conftitution, and the other thcarbitra tyrannical government under their Emperors. A as the firft remained, the Empire of Rome ftood fir Urongupon it, as upon legs oi Iron. Bui when t cond commenced, and in the place of legal G( mcnt fucceeded arbitrary Will and Pleafure, Clay was mingled with Iron in the Feet 5 aad by the Bafis was made weak, on which the Structure was founded. As long as Auguftus who was a Prince Wife, Juft, and Clemeni Clay in the Foundation of his Government ^ ftrong and firm as the Iron. But when Tiberiu ceeded, (0) who had more of the Beaft in him, of the Man, and governed for the moft part w Reafon or Juftice by a moft barbarous and crue and Pleafure, the Clay began to moulder, an {I) Daniel ii. 4.4,, {m) Daniel vii. 14,. {n) 1 33. 4.0. {0) See his Life in Suetonius. iiiion lo I! ana wiLii my moit numoic ana nearly i nanKi- ving ana Praife to Almighty God, that he hath of s great Mercy and Goodnefs given me Life and :rengih to enable me thus to compleat it. A Ofu'nnr!- T O TH E Foregoing History. n i9I 290 2gS 287 2S6 285 284 283 282 281 280 ^?. 17 18 ^ 3 ^23 EUa^ar tht Brother of 6"/wo» the Jujl fu ceeds him in the High-Priefthood at J rHfaUm, DemetriH, makes great preparations to rec( ver his Fathei*s Dominions in ^fia an the Eaft. His Army revolting from him, he is drive out of Macedon^ and makes a defperai attempt upon ^fm, wherein failing < Sncci^s he is brought into great diftrefs. DemctrUs is forc'd to yield himfelf Piifom to Seleucus. Ptolemy Soter refigns his Kingdom to PhiL de/phus his younger Sonj whereon Ceran nns the elder flees out of Egypty firll t Lyfimachitsy and afterward to Seleucus. The Watch Tower of Phams finished, an the Worlhip of Serapis firft brought inc Egypt, Ptolemy Soter dies. SeleucMs and Lyfimaehtts prepare for War a gainft each other. Stlepicmfikcs ^'rtr^f/V, and makes himfelf Ma fter of Lefler ^^Afia. Lyfimachut is flain in Battel by Seleucus. Seleucus is flain treacheroufly by Ptolemy Ce raunusy who thereon becomes Kingof Jlfd cedofj. 277 276 275 444° 274 273 272 3 |27' 4I270 5 I 269 6 268 267 266 15 9 265 4450 264 263 262 ^61 13 14 15 16 23 24 36 i7 39 49 50 52 16 17 IS I5> under the Command or Brennus, vanquiih'd and ruin'd. The remains of the Gauls pafs into Jia, andtherefettlein6'^/^f/rt. Tl Scriptures firft tranflated into Gre. ^nttgo/ii4S Gonatas the Son oi Dem ceeds Sojihenes in the Kingdom o ^iitiochuf vanquifhed the Gauls, dr frees Lefler ^^a from their ravag he is called 1^0?^^, i.e. the Saviour The %omans having after a fix ; driven Pyrrhus out of Italy, bega great Renown in the EajHr, whctec fcnt an Embaffy to them to j Alliance. The Romans fend an EmbaflTy t and miikean Alliance with him, Pyrrhus iLiin at ^r^os. PhilddelphHS, and the K^thenians a monians make War upon ^ntigt tas Kiug of Macedoii, now grow fince the Death of Pj/rrhus, bi Succels. Sotades the Lewd Poet put to Deat Magus Governor of Lihya. and Ptolemy PhlUdelphus his Brothe and makes himfelf King of th tries. ^nt-Qclms King of S\ria, and Ptc of Egypt make War upon each < Phibt£rus the firfl: Founder of the 1 Kingdom dies, and is fucceeded his Brother's Son. ^ntigonus of Hdent of the Sanhedrim at JerHfm Nico-^cedia in Bithynia built by Ni King of that Country. Enn throws ^ntiochus, and thereby himfelf at Pergamus. Mntiochus Soter dies at ^ntioch, 5 ceeded by ^ntiochus Theus his S« i58 2)7 25-5 25 5 ^53 251 250 249 Z48 H7 23 2 + 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 35 36 37 38 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 pf, and ^HexandriA thencefortji b( c^me its principal Mair. 2^Ug-ii King oi L'Ova and Cynnt made Peac with PtoUniy on Terms of marrying h Daughter, who was his only Child, t Ptatemy's Eldeft Son, -And thereby uniiu; Liiiyn and Cyrene again to EgyPt- M'--g^5 died, whceon ^pAme his Wido would contrary to the late Contraftha^ manied her Daugiitcr to Demetrius the So of Demetrius late King of M^edon-, bi Demetrius being flain, the Lady was fei into Egypt. And ^pame retiring into Syria to ^Antioch her Brother there excited him to a War gninft Ptglerny, which lafted fcveral yea to his great damage. Ptolemy carries on his War agaiaft .^ntioch by his Lieutenants, phtlAdelphus is very diligent in gathering t gether Books, Piftures, and Statues for tl adorning and replenifhing of his Mtifeu and Library, for which ^rnins the Sicy nian was one of his Agents in Greue. MxHAffeb the High Prieft of the Jevjs dyii towards the end of this year, was fuccee ed by Gnuxstue ^econd of that name, the S< of Simon the Jafi. While ^4ntiochusiN2i%^nx(x!i\n% his War agaii Ptohmy-, the Parthians rebell'd in the E, under the Leading of ^rface', who on tl: occalion firft founded the Parthian Empii The SdiJrM/M revolted at the fame time. Peace was made between Pis'emy and ^nt ^aiochas divorc and matri <:^M/,on the Terms that. Liiodice his former Wife, Berenice the daughter ofPttlemy. ^rfinoe the Siftct and beloved Wife of Pj Itmy Phil.tdelphHs dies. Ptolemy Philaddphus dies in the end of t year, and is fucccedcd by rtola/iy Euc/^e, his Son. 447° 9 44?° 1 z 3 4 245 244 243 242 241 240 239 238 237 236 235 16 234 17 233 18 232 19 231 20 230 21 229 22 228 23 3.5 V Ta. 2 68 3 69 s! 2 4 7c 3 s 71 4 € 72 5 7 73 6 8 74 7 9 10 75 76 8 9 11 77 lo 12 78 11 13 79 12 14 80 13 IS 81 14 16 82 1$ 17 «3 16 18 84 17 19 85 18 20 86 10 uucctn unacr mm a ^lchj. pan oj r/ his Uncle's Son, who 1 the ftyle of King. While the two in Syria war againlt each other; feizeth Hyrcmia and adds it to P Hierax being overcome by CalHnicus into Cappadocia, and from thence gypty where he is made a Pxifone lemy. Ptolemy applies himfelf to augmen brary At Alexandria, and makes . nes his Library-keeper. Seleueus Callinicas marcheth into th reduce the Parthians, but returns Succefs, being recalled by fome 1 tions in Syria, SeletHHi makes a fecond Expeditioi Arfacesy and IS vanquished, an Prifoner. f90 224 223 27 28 23 25 220 2ip 30 31 32 ii 217 216 89 PI P2 9J 54 9S 96 97 D i $. I by ibeleuctis Ceraunns his eldeft Son. Seleiicus marchcth into Lefler ^fia, to ma' War upon Attains King of Pergnmus. He is theiepoifon'd bythofe about kim. ^ chapts revcngeth his Death upon th'e A thors of it. -Antiochus Brother of Seleuctts fucceeds hit Makes Hermias his chief Minifter, ^ch* Governor of Lefler ^fia^ and ^lexand and Moion two Brothers Governors Perfia and Media. The Colo f us at Tf^oc, overthrown. Euergetes being dead is fucceeded by Pbilop tor his Son. Alexander and iVfo/on reb« ^ntiocfms fends an Army againft ther and marchethwithanothetinto CaeU-Syri His former Army is beaten, andtheoth returns without Succefs. ^iitiochus goes in Perfon againft ^lexand and Molun, vaaquiflieth and deftroysthe both, ^.hxus rebclls, and ufurps Lcfl. ^jia. Hermtas put to Death. ^ntiochus takes ""eieucia, Tyre, P'olema'tiy^it DamufcMs, and thereby makes him(e Mafter of almoft all Ccele SyrU and P/jc yncia, ^ntiochus vanquifheth Nicolas Piolem/s Liei tenant in Ccele-Syria. and Phcenicia, an makes himfelf Mafter of all Galilee, S, maria, and the Land beyond Jordan asf; as T^abbah of the Children of ^mmon. Ptolemy ovenhtowss^?itiochus in a great Ba tel at %aphia, and recovers again all Ccei Syria and Phoenicia. Ptolemy comes to J rtifalem and would have enter'd into tli Inner-Temple, is forbid by .J/Vwow thc High Prieft. Peace being made with ^ntiochus, and Pf. Icmy again leturn'd into Alexandria, h would have deftroycd all thzjevjs of Egyp He is providentially hindet'd. Antiocht vanquifheth .^c7;*«;, and ftiuts him up i SArdts. 4S10 2CS 20 8 207 2o6 205 204 203 13 14 13 14 15 16 16 17 :? I 103 104 105 106 107 109 13 15 16 17 18 19 the Parthi. and other revolted ces. He recovers Mediuy and driv( ces thence, who had lately fciz'd t vince. ^ntiechus piufues ^rfaces into Part drives him thence into Hyrcania. Purfues him into Hyrcuniay and t fiegeth, and takes Syringis. ^miochus and ^r/itr^j wafte each oti vers conflids, neither gaining an derablc Advantage over the other, .yintioclws growing weary of the \ ^rfaces makes Peace with him, ai to him Parthia and Hyrcania. \Antiochus makes War with Euthydc? of Bacfria. Ptolemy Philopator gi\ felf wholly up to a moft profliga of Life at Alexandria. yAntiochus makes Peace with Eu marcheth into India, reneweth 1 league with Sophagafenus the Kyi| Country, and winters in Carmanic He returns through Perfia, Babylonia., fopotamia unto Antioch, and th( the name of The Great for his 1 this Expedition. Ptolemy Philopator being dead is ruc( Ptokmy Epiphanes, an infant of 1 old. Agathoclea the Concubine, s thodes the Favourite, of the late '. fiain in a Tumult. Antiochus and Philip King of Macii a. League to feize all Ptolemy's Dc and divide them between them, tiochus accordingly feizM Pale Coele-Syria. Sctpio vanquifhed Hannibal in Afric. the Alexandrians finding the pov T^pmans to be great, implore t teftion for their infant King, them the tuition of him, which mans accept of. S^o. 199 198 197 196 195 [94 192. 191 190 19 114 115 [16 117 13 14 15 123 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Mercenaries, who brought thence 600 ftout ty^tolians into Ptolemy's Service. ,Antiocht*s waging war with Attains King o Pergamus, ^rijiomenes took the Advantag of it to fend Scopas into Palejiine and Cce le-Syria, who recovers Jerujalem, Juds, and many other places to King Ptolemy, lAntiochtts having made Peace with ^ttalu returns into Cale-Syna ; vanquiflieth Scop a in a great Battel at Paneas near the Foun tains of Jordan, and recovers all chat wa loft the former year. ^ntipchns goes with a great Fleet and Arm into LelTer ^fia^ in order to make Wa upon the %omans. ^ttalus King of Ptrga rnus dies, and is fucceedcd by Eumenes th eldeft of his four Sons. ^ntiochHs pafleth the Heltefpont, feizeth th Thr/uian Cherfonejus, and rebuilds Lyfima chia. S.:opas hys a dangerous Plot again King Pfo/fwy, heisdifcovered, and put t Death. Hannibal comes to ^ntiochtts, and confirtr him in his refolution of making War up iponthc']{omans. Simon the High Prieft c the Jews being dead is fucceeded by Om. thellld, his Son. Erato fihenes the Library-keeper at^lexandr being dead, is fucceeded in that Office b ^poLloniiis %hodiiis. ^ntiochm marries his daughter ChspAtra, t Ptolemy Epiphanes King of Egypt. ^ntiochHs King Antiochm's eldeft Son diet at ^ntioch. K.4ntiochiis pafleth into Gree< to make War upon the l^mAns. ^ntiochHs marries his Hoft's Daughter : Chalets, is beaten by ^cilius the '^m< Conful at Thermopyla, and forced to a pr^ cipitate Flight by Sea into ^fia. His fie beaten neat Mount Coryctts, ^miochui'i Fleet beaten n£^i Myonnefus, Li cius Scipio paiTerh the Hellefpont, vanqu Iheth ^AntiocfjHs near Mount Sipylus, an forceth him to an igaominious Peace, 7 187 s 186 9 185 4530 184 I 18} 2 I8Z 3 181 4 I80 5 179 6 178 7 177 S 176 4540 17J 174 13 16 17 T.2I 18 19 ^ ^ 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 39 36 Co I Hyrcunus is fent by ^o/cp/; his Path Embafly to King Ptolemy on the his eldert Son. ^ntiochus is flain attempted to rob the Temple of Elymais* Seleucus Philopator fucceeds him in li lemjf poifons Ariftomenes, and nc lycrates his chief Minifter in 1 and gives himfelf up to all m loofenefs. Ptolemy by his Male-adminiftratio; the Egyptians into a Rebellion. Mafters it by the Wifdom and Polycrates, Ptolemy after having granted the Nobility Terms of Peace, anc gotten them within his power, oufly puts them all to Death. Ptolemy as he was preparing for W Seleucus King oiSyria^ is poifbn' about him and dies. Ptolemy Philometor his eldeft Son, of fix years old, fucceeds him Tuition of Cleopatra, his Mother. Philtp King of Macedon dying is by Perjeas his Son. Perfeus King of Macedon marries 1 Daughter of Seleucus 'Kin^ of S Simon the Proteftor of the Temp with Ontas the High-Pxieft, is dri Jud^a , flees into Syria , and bring to rob the Temple, ^ntiochus t of Seltmtis an Hoftage at T{ome for Demetrius the Son of Selett Seleucus King of Syria being de cecded by ^miochus Eptphanes 1 newly returr.'d from T{ome. Jaf High-Prieftliood of him, and Onias his Brother. Jnfon introduceth Heathen Rites falemy and fends Offerings to Tyre. J 72 i7r a" 9 141 142 170 3 11 M3 169 4 12 M4 l({S 5 13 145 167 6 14 146 166 15 M7 I<5j 16 148 Menelaus, another Brother of Ontai's, fuf plants Jafon, and buys of ^ntiochus th High-Priefthood. Whereon Jafon flees t the KAmmtnites, Onias is put to Death at ^«f /Of/,. Lyfimachu. Mfnelaus's De^my At Jerufalem, flain in Tumult, ^ntiochtts makes his firft Expe dition into f^jy/'r, and gains a great Vi £tory near Pelufmm, ^ntiochHs makes his fecond Expedition in to Egypt, gains another Viftory, an makes himfelf Mafter of all Egypt excef Alexandria. Philometor being fallen int the hands of Antiochus, the Alexandriat. make Phyfcon King. Amiochus in his re turn takes and miferably dcftroys Jerufa iem. Antiochus makes his third Expedition int- Egypt. Attempts the Siege of Alexandri without Succefs. PhUomenr being left ij Egypt to make War with Phyfcon comes t( an agreement with him, upon terras tha they fhould jointly reign together. Antiochm makes his fourth and laft Expedi tion into Egyp ; is forced by the 1{oman to return. ApoUonius fent by him to com pleat the ruin oijerttfaleniy built the Foi trefs oji Mount Acta, Antiochus begin his Perfecuiion of the Je-wip^ Religior Mattathias and his Sons take Arms againl him. The feven Maccabean Brothers and their Mo ther martyr' d, and the Perfecution againl the Jevos is violently carried on. Mattathias being dead Judas is made Cap tain of the Jews in his ftead. He van quiflieth Apollonias and Seron. ^ntiochu went into the Eaft. Nicanor and Ttmothen two of his Captains vanquifted by Judas. Judas vanquifheth Ly/ias, recovers Jerufalem and the Sanftuary, reftores the dail worihip i inftitutes the Feaft of the Dedi cation, and fortilicth Bethfura againft th Edomttes, I 129 196 expelled out ot Egypt tor his cruelty. Hyrcantts conquers the Edomites, and makes them all embrace the Jevjijh Religion. Phraites King of PctrthiA {lain by the Scy- thians. Ptoleray Phyfcon ranquiflieth the Egyptians and recovers his Kingdom. Demetrius marcheth into Egypt and befiegerh Pelu- fium. Hyrcantts lencws his League with the Phyfcon fetsup Alexander Zebina ^nlmipO^Ot againft Demetrius, to claim the Crown of .Sj'r/j. Whereby Demetrius is recalled from the Siege of PeUfium to defend his own Kingdom. Dcmeirms vanquifhed by Zebin ' ^^rmenta. ^lexa>idraQu^en of 7(*J. bis in Mefopotamia, where his Army mt tiny againft him. Of which Mithridates taking the advantag recovers feveral places in Ponttts, and d ftrefleth the T{omAns left there to keep th Country, whereon LticuUus with difficult prevails with his mutinous Army t march to their relief, but before the arrival Triaritis was beaten with the lo of 7000 Men. After this, LticuLlHi's Arm would no more obey him. Pompey fent from %ome to fucceed Luculh receiveth from him the Army, and Li cHlhs returns home eniich'd with gre; Spoils. Pomjiey rtlakes Alliaaceswith P/^^r, ates King of PArthi^u Vanquifheth Mithr men. ^ n • • »t The Walls of Jemfalem rebuilt. C4ar flam in tt Senate Houfe at \ome. oaavianm, After callc ^ugHftus, heads his party at ^me, and drives ^ tony thence. Br«f«i and Caffms the Murderers - C^Ar leaving luh, the former feizeth Greece ai ;if4«^(»», and the other Syna, where he puts an C] to the War of Cicilms BaJfHS. oaaviantis vanquifheth Antony at the Battel of Ai tinai after that, he, Antony and Lepidus conftiti a Triumvirate. B-utus and r^/7?«5 prepare for W againft them. ^.f;>^r.r poifon'd by the fraud MaluhHs. Phafael and Herod revenge his death cutting off the Murderer,. , ^, ^ Br«r«i and Caffius having made themfelves maft of all beyond the ^drUt,c, as fat as Euphrates, Oi vianus and Antony pafs into Macedo,, agamft th( and having vanquifhed them at Philippt, force th both to flay themfelves. Hereon oclavianns retu to Xo>»e and ^nony palTeth into ^7'^. ^ntigc the Son of .ArifcobMs raifeth new Troubles in J;*^ He is vanquifhed by Heod. • a u c The vanquifhed Party apply to Antony agamft the S of ^ntipater without Succefs. CUo^atra comes ^«ro»r at Tarft^s. and there firft bewitcheth him v her Charms. His forces fent to plunder Pain meet with a baffle. Cleopatra returning to ^.exan he follows after her, vuid there fpends the enli I Winter. In the interim P adorns with a Parthian A mafters all Syria and Phxnicia, 39 38 37 36 13 IS 16 »S r'^, take ftrttj'aUm, flay Phafael, make pi, (oner, and fettle .Anti^onus on the Thron d,ea, Herod hereon fleeing to '!{ome, is the i^'iagoi J lidxA. Ventidius gaineth two Vidoi the Par:hia?is. Herod beliegcth Jernfalem, and there hardly Amigonpis. Vtnudius gains a third Victory ParthtAns iiayxn^ about 30000 of them, ant them Pacorus their General the King's Son. on he again recovers from them all Syria s nicia. Antony returns into Syria^ beliegcch S Herod goes thither to him ; Jofeph his Broths he left to command in Ji*df c/,r. ces Laodice, and marries Ttole- mys l^zughttx Berenice, lof. turns m Berenice and retakes Laodice, III. poifoned, ibid, 'tiochus Hieraxy why fb called, 1 1 6 . routs his Brother Seleucus, ii8. his Misfortunes and Death, i 20. 'tiochus the Great afcends the 5^- TMn Throne, 151. wars with Vtolemy Thilopator^ 155-. reduce* the Eaftern Rebels, 137. lofes the Battel of Raphiaj 148. reduces Achdtis, 15-9. his Tarthian War, 161. his March into /»^/^, 164. his League againft the young King Ttoiemy Epiphanes, 168. takes 5"/- don, lyi. is zt j^erufalem, 173. his Decree in Favour of the ^evps, ibid, his Succcfles in Afin Minor, 176. gives Audience to the Roman AmbafTadors in Thrace^ 177. flies into a Paflion, 178. fuffers by a Storm, 179. Han- nibal with him, 181. engaged by him in a War with the Romans, i8z. makes Alliances, 185. his Mourning for his Son Antiachus. 1 84. begins the War with the Romans ralhly, 1 86. marries an ordinary Woman in his old Age, 188. driven into Afia, 189. his Fleet beaten, 1 90. fues in vain for a Peace w'nhthcRomansi \gi. routedbythem, 193. pays a prodi- gious Sum for a Peace, 194, 19 f. a Saying of his on the Lofs of his Provinces to thera, 196, robs the Temple of Jupiter Belus, and is murdered, 197. Daniel's Prophe- cies of him fulfilled, 1 97, ^ fiq- miochus Epibhanes, his Son, anHo- Favour o^ rtolemy, 139. his fe- vere Decree againft the Jervs, 148, J 49. his Folly at Dnphnty 266. his Death and wicked Cha- radler, 283, ^ feq. Daniel's 'Pro- phecies concerning him fulfilled, 288, (^ fe » » ■• -"- * ' murdered, /^/V/. 'miice, Wife of Ptolemy Euergetes, her Hair turned into a Conllella- tion, IK-. . ^rhAa, Aleppo fo calkd anciently, srijl)ith Rabbii, a Commentary on ero/«i, the Hiftonan, when he hv d, 97. an Account of him, 98- ethfm in Vdefline called i-O'/Ayt^/o- //r, 309. f/^j makes his City renowned tor Juftice, 363. ,ible, EngiiH^ Tranflation correaed, ;ible vindicated by the ChaUee^ and other Paraphrafes, 776. Jible ufed by Chriftians in Divina- tions, 464. 3ibnlus made Governour of Syria, 660. lofes two of his Sons in Egypt, 661. Bi(hop of the fem, an Officer m England fo called, 478, in Notis. Bifhops, their Temporal Power di- ftinguiflied from the Spiritual, 22S. BilViops in King iVtlliam the IITd's time juftly deprived by the State, 227. ftill fo of the Church Uni- verfal, 218. Bolts the C'^etan, his Treachery, i fp* Brafs, Corinthian, when tirfl made, ^remus the Gaul invades Macedo- nia, and is defeated, ^4, 3f. dies ofDefpairand Drunkennefs, 56. a Saying of another Gaul of the fame Name to the Romans, 19+. in Not, (q) 666. routs Vompey, 66^. follows him to Egypt. 671. hears the Caufe between Vtoletny and Cleo- patra, 674. in Love with cUopa- tra, 6jf. diftreft at Alexandria, 6-j^, 680. routs the Egyptim Fleet, 680, 681. in great Danger, 681. makes the War for the Sake oi Cleopatra, 68 ^ his Decree in Favour of the Jews, 6S4, his long Stay with Cleopatra, 683 how he cameby the Motto Vem vidi, vici, 686. routs Cato ;anc Scipio in Jfrica, 6c)i. reforms th( Roman Kalendar, 693, 694. maa( perpetual Diftator, 698. killed 700. his Murder revenged, 821, C^area built by Hero^. S60. mad. a good Port, I W. 90 J- C^fareum. a Palace built by Hero C4ar, Cains, Augufius s Grandfoj ient into the Eaft, 9^8. his Deatl cLUus ma^^e High-Prieft of tb 7ejribytheRo/»^^'-5. 939• ci;'i^C)^ie,whatitwas. 327. cX;^^^«^. the Poet, favoured fc P/./.w>. 09. his Satyr agamfth Difciple Jpollontus, Library-Kee crat Alexandria, l8^ ^ C.//#.«.. burnt for burning t Temple Gates at ^^rw/^/^'^, 17 CW^«, Queen of ^^/^«^f'^> rout byth«Row^»^.8f7- Captivity, Jewifh. at B^^>/^«» W, the Head of, 93+. . ^ Carrh^ call'd H^r^»in Scripture, 6j Cr^t/wj defeated there, i^^/*f. C^r/%edeftroy'd,584. reL>uilt,6j C#/*^ P^r;»«»A^ put to Death tbid. CatOy the Romm General, routs An- tiochus the Great in Greece, 189. Celfus well acquainted with the Scriptures, 66. the greateft Ene- my of the Chriftians, 897, 898. Cendeb&us General of the Syrians for Antiochus Sidetes, routed by the Sons of Simon, 4-09. Ctnlovs, Roman, their Office, 917. Cbaldee Paraphrafcs on the Bible, 75-1. neceffary for the^ewj, js'i- Language learnt and fpoken by the Jews, jfi. a true Standard of it in D^;2/>/and Ezra, 75-6. three different Dialefts of it, 763. Chares of Lindus builds the Cohjfus at Rhodes, 133. Chafidim or AfidAans, who the Peo- ple {b called, 25*6. Chinefe cali'd Seres by the Romans, 8fi. ■ ^ ' Chrifl: born four Years after the Temple of Jerusalem was re-edi- fyM by Herod, 906. when Augti- ftus furvey'd the Roman Empire, 917. called Shiloh, gji. his fir ft i\ppearance in his Miffion, 94®. he is cruclfy'd, 941. Daniel's Prophecies of him fulfilled, ibid. 942,. Chrift prov'd to be the Meffiah by the Jewifli Targums, 777. Pro- phecies of him fulfiU'd, ibid, by Pagans, 887, 893. forelhewn to the Heathens by Prophecies, 895-. the Jervs Expeftation of him, ibid. Chrift honours the Feaft of Dedica- tion appointed by Judas Macca- beus with his Prefence, 278. riKrmi-in Fathers well skill'd in the his Birth, 229. commands Ucia, 660. falurcd Imperato7 profcribed by the Trium 70J-. his Saying of the S Oracles, 892. Cimmerian Bofphorus, what C' fo cali'd, 5-96. Cleomenes flew himfelf in Egy^ Cleopatra, Mother of Ptolefnj meter, Regent of Egypt, 2< Death, 223. Cleopatra, Queen of Syrian h ny Husbands, 442, 443. n her own Son to reign in hi: 444. attempts to murder : Son, 45-0. her Wickednei forced to drink Poyfon, ib Cleopatra, Wife to Anticchu. centis, murder'd by her Sif phAna, 45-3, 4f4. CleQpatra, Mother oi Lathy, Alexander Kings of Egypt prus, her Ambition, 4f 1 how flie expell'd Lathyrit Her Tyranny, 5-34, 5-46, I her Son Alexander, 5-46. Cleopatra aflbciated in theK of Egypt with her Brothe gains Cdfar by her Beaut flie has the Kingdom gi by him, 683. Poyfons he Brother, 7 1 o. refufes to ; Jius, 709. charms AntoJ ^ feq. her bold Defign 1 her Fleet over Land to 1 Sea, 822. rejects an ( Peace if ftie would kill 827. I\er Treachery to 828. flies to a Tower foi him, 829. (he kills herft her Character, ibid. Numoer, 007. mets, Appearances of rhem, 448. wn of Samos, the Mathematician, lis grofs Flattery of Berenice, ^ife to Ftolemy Euergetes, i if, nftellation, why called Coma Be- 'enices, 1 1 f. nquefts as uncertain' as Riches, 111. )onius feizes the Government )f ^UiUa in Auguftus's Name, nus on the Nile make a Mart for :he Eaftern Trade, ico. 'inth deftroy'd, 584. rebuilt, 691. -nelia, Mother of the Gracchi, re- 'ufes to marry Ttolemy Fhyfcon ^ingofE^m, 52c. •Hpedioriy a Fight there between )elencus and Lyfimachus, 29. ycus, Naval Fight of, between he Syrian and Roman Fleets, 190. r, Ulandof, Hippocraies born there, p8. Beroftis there, /^/V/. '/^, the ili?«?;3f?2Conrul, vanquifh'd 3y Mil hri dates, f6j. urt, outer, of the Temple, what it was, 596, />? No?. »/7«^ enters on the Parthian War igainft: the Opinion of the Ro- mans, 6j-i. plunders the Temple of ^erufulem, 6fi, his ill Con dud: in Parthia, 65-3. robs the Temple of Hierapolis, 6,-4. neg- lefts good Advice, 6jj-. routed and flain, 6^7. ates, Deputy-Governour of ^eru~ falem, made Governour of Cyprhs by Antiochus Epiphanes, 233. etans, their bad Charader, 1 5-9. 7w^, the Sii>yl's Cave there de^ fcribed, 878, 870. 5-3«. luDjcctea to them, f66, Cyrtllus Lucaris, Patriarch of Con- fiaminopley prefents King Charles I. with the 'Alexandrian Copy of the Septuagint, 87. DAmafcenus, Nicolas, hisHinory, fjo, Damafciis taken by Antiochus the Great t 144. Demetrius Euch&res Son of Antiochus Grypus made King of it, 5-43. Pomp>eys Court there, 602. DarJus King of Media^ with two other Kings, routed by Lucullus, 5-88, in Not. Daniel, Book of, the Septuagint VcrHon faulty, 74. a Prophecy of his touching the Marriage of Antiochus Theus with Ptolemy's Daughter Berenice fulfill'd, 106. to whom the Prophecies in his xirh Chapter are to be applycd, i6id. his Prophecy of the Effedls of Berenice's Marriage fulfill'd. 1 1 2. of Antiochus the Great, ic)j, 198. and of the Ptolef?7ys,' I c^S, 0* feq. of Sehiicus Philopatcr^ 213. of Antiochus Epiphanes, 2 1 6, 228, ^ feq. The end of his Prophecies relating ro the Kings of Syria and E^ypt> 289. to the Perfecution of the J eves, ibid. 290. Porphyry the Pagan owns the full Completion of them, 29 1, relate alfo to Ami- chrift, 29 f. what is meant by his Time, Times, and half a Time, iifid. how much of the Book written in Chaldee, j^i, not al- I low'd to be a Prophet, -rf^n. 3>- Demetrius Sotery Son of SeleucHs Vhi- lopator, fet alide in the SuccefTion by the Romans, 504. his Efcape from Rome.'^iS, ieizes the King- dom of Syria, 320. courts the Romans 35-6, ^fy. aflifts an Im- pollor in Cappadocia, 3 fp. a Plot a- gainfl: him, j^f.diftreft by anlm- poftor, 370. kiird, 37Z, Demetrius Nicator, his Son, at- tempts for the Kingdom, 379. obtains it, 383. his ill Qualities, 387. afTifted by fonmhm in his diftrefs, 390. his Vices, 400. rout- ed and taken by the Tarthians, 405. kept in eafy Captivity, 405-. returns and recovers his King- dom, 431. overthrown by an Im-. poftor, 443. kill'd, i^id. Demetrius his great Preparations for War, f. abandoned by his Army, 6. ftreight-ened,7. fights his vv^ay through his Enemies, 8. furrcn- ders himfclf to Seleticus, 9. his ^vay of Jiving afterwards, ibid. quits the Siege of Rhodes, 1^3. Demetrius, his Son, murdered for his Amouv with Apame, loi. Demetrius, Son of Grypus, expels Antiochus Eufebes, 5-43. aflifts the Jews againft their King, 5-47. his death, 5-48. Demetrius the Phalerean fir ft Libra- rian at Alexandria, 25". Prince of Athens, ibid, his Story, 27. dif- fuades Pf(?/^wy from dif-inheriting his eldeft Son, ibid, imprifoncd, and dies of the Bite of an Afp, 28. Demetrius the Hiftorian, what of him nreferved hv T.ufebius. 66. or mm, toia, 031. Dionyfitis Exiguus introc Chriftian JEra, 928. Dionyjius's Rules for keepi obferved, 343. Dionyfius Halicarnaffkus , began to write his Hift( four years before Chrift, Divination, a way of it Chriftians, 464. Do6tors of the Jewifti La\A revive, ibid, compofe t Sanhedrim, ibid. Mi/lp? firft of them, 95". of 1 flain by King Alexand poling his Priefthood, the Divinity School a km, 406. their Degree what, 478. Dolabella, diftreft by C^j himfelf, 707. Domefday Book, how Ion 9.9. Dor near Mount Carmel b the Syrians, 1 44. Dream of King Antigonus Durazzo, C^far worfted Pompey, 667. Dynamis, Grand-daughter dates, her Marriages t' ph(fran Kings, 875*. EAglc, how it came to man Standard, f 35-. Earthquake, a terrible one 816. Eajier, how fettled by Chriftians, 331, &> fec^ of the Britifh Church 2 5 7. a Schifm about it than the Greek, 4^8. ckron, and its Territory, given to Jonathan the High-Prieft, by Ba- las the Impollor o't Syria, 582. domites, wheie they dwelt, 281, 282. (lain by Judas Maccabms, 299. gypt, how long governed by the Ftolem'teSi 831. how long a Ko- man Province, ibid, gyptians will not offer the Blood of Beads in their Sacrifices, 19. murder a Man for killing a Cat, ibid, in Not. lathi a Great Mart of the Tyriam, 99. leazar fuccceds his Brother the High-Pricft, i. leazar the Martyr, 2^6. leazar, Brother of Judas ^ hisrafh Adiions and Death, 312. lymais, Temple of Diana attempt- ed to be robbed by Antiochus Epi- phanesy 283. as that of Belus had been by his Father, 286. nfigns ufcd by the Romans ^ 5-3 f. in Not. phefas, taken by Antiochus the Great, 176. — bhron, taken by Storm, and razed, by Judas Maccabeus, 309. picrates. General to Antiochus Cy- zicenus, his Treafon, 45-6. Ucureans, wherein they differed from the Sadduces, ^f, g6, 473. the Boafl of their Founder, ibid, bigems, Antiochus s General, mur- dered by Treafon, 137. biphanim, Bilhop of Salamine, his Account of the Septuagint, 46. confuted, 61. of the Soul, 492. their Prophe- cies, 493. their Number, 496, their Ethics, 497. Haters of Ser- vitude, J07. their mean Fare, ib. what Fliny fays of them, 5-09. Errors of Papilts about them, ibid. 5-10. of Deifls, 5-13. Chrifl faid to be one by them, ibid. EuUus the Eunuch, a wicked Mini- ftcr of Ptolemy' Sy 23 f. Eumenes fuc ceeds his Unkle Vhile- tArus the Eunuch in the Kingdom of Tergamus, 94. defeats Antio- chus Soter, ^6. over-runs Ajta Minor, 118. his Luxury t ibid. Eumenes fucceeds his Father Atta- lus, 175-. founds the Library at Vergamus, 176. his Love to his Brethren, ibid, refufes to marry a Daughter oF Antiochus the Great i 184. relieved by t\ieRo?nans, 191, they give him fbme of Antio- chus's Provinces, 196. afTiflrs the King of Cappudocia againft: aa Importer, 35-9. his Death, ibid. Eufebius abufed by Baronius, 5-10. Euthydemus makes himfelf King of Ba^ria, 162. allowed that Title by Antiochus, 164. Expiation- Day, how celebrated a- mong the JewSi 4. Ezra, how much of the Book of, written in Chaljee, -j^i.in Not. FAflion, the Danger of it, and befl way to fupprefs it, 5-40. a Reflr(5i:ion on factious Miniflers apply ed to our own State, j-jj, ff4. bratcd, 279. Feafts appoinred by Maglflrates, of Authority, 278. Fiftions, Jewifli, about two Mel- fiahs, 780. T'tmbrU the Roman General, his Vi- dlories over MUhridates, 5-5-5. Jplamimus, T. ^imius^ vanquifhes the Macedonians, 1 7 f . free- Will, Opinions of the Jews concerning it, 475-. G. GAbrieh Archangel, declares to ZacharUs the future Birth of his Son St. John Baptifl, 915. Cdb'm'ms made Governour of Syria by Procurement of Chdius, 631, 6;;. alters the Government of JudsLH^ 641, 642. his Cove- roufnefs, 645*. replaces Vto- lewy Auletes on the Egyptian Throne, 647. routs Alexander, Son cf Arifiobtilus King of Ju- d&a^ 649. his Corruption, ibid. C^o. try'd for it and banifli'd, ibid. djj. Cadarean AmbafTadors complain of Herod to Auguftus y 864. kill themfelves, ibid. GaUtians in Afia^ their Original, 58. their Encreafe, 1 1 8. fubdued by Attains, ibid. Swarms of them in the Eaft, i io. govern'd by Deiotarus, made King by Tompey, 606. Galilee conquered by the Syrians, 146. Callus, why Ttolemy Thilopaior fo cut him to pieces, 31. ter A/ia, 54, ^ feq. foi fand of them put to Dea gypt, 93. fuppreft by the 196. Gaza, taken and plundered Syrians, 172. by Alexan, n^iu King of Jud&ay 5-3 Gazara taken by Simon, /\ builds a Palace there, »bi( Germanicns adopted by Tiber, fent into tl^e Eaft, 937, ned, 938. Gilead conquered by the SyrL Balfam-Trees there, 6\ Glaphyra, Mother of Arckel cures him the Kingdom padocia, 903. her criraii verfation with Antony, it Goats of Expiation, wh were, 3. Gorgias fent again ft Ji{das 1 us, and routed, 270, (^ gain, 310. Governmenr,theBenen'sol ly make amends for the P done by Governours, 63 Grabe, Dr. undertakes an of the Septuagint, 8f, 8 Greek, when firft {pokcn Gregory XIII. reforms the I and makes the New Sts 6cj6. H. HAgiographa of xh^Jev, was, 760. Hannibal goes to Antiochui t 181- engages him in a \ unUhed tor nis sacrilege, 210. »e Mace. 1. Cap. I. poyibns 5e- mcus his Mafter, 211. ufurpi the >own, 2iy. \ogabalusy the firft Man that vore filk Cloaths in the Weft, if 2. in Not. o^olis in Egypt, why Oo/^; built lis Temple there, 57 5-. lenijis, fews, why fo called, 63, -; No/«. 4«://Vei fets up anlmpoflcr inSy- ia, ^66. bertHs dt Lounga^ Bifliop of Kor- mh, a remarkable Story of his ;imony, 465-. ciilcs, a Name not known to the Tyrians, 222, in Not. mias, Atiuochm the Creates Mini- ler, his Treafon and Cruelry, 1^6, i^y.himfelf, Wife^andChil- lren, killed, 139. 'od the Great, King of Jtid&a, ■ounds a Seft which took his \-ame, 5- 1 6. his Compliance with he Pagan Idolatry, j-rp. his 3irth and Dsfcenr, 5-70. made 3overnour of Galilee, 688, de- les theSahhedri?7i,6(}0. nvideGo- ternour of Cx^e- Syria by Sextus Odfar, ibid, aflUls Cajjius againft 3daviiinu5, -i o-j .C:ijfii4s gives him !eive to revenge his Father's Death, 709. marries Mariamm, Hyrcanus's Grandaughter, 712. routs Antigonui Son of Arifiohtt- lus, 713. bribes Antony, and is in his Favour, 7 14. declared Te- trarch by him, 7 if. diflreffed by ihz'Parthiani, 722. builds Hero- dium, and v/hy, ibid, is at Rome, £.xecutions, 745-. cuts oft the Sanhedrim, ibid, furprizes Arifto- balus and Alexandra, as they were flying to Egypt, 799. cal- led kto Account by Anony, 804. gets clear, i^/V/. his Jealoufy of Mariamne, 8of. puts his Unkle Jofeph to Death in a Fit of it, tbid. royally entertains Cleopatra at Jertifalem, 807. tempted to Lewdnefs by her, ibid, his un- fortunate Expedition againft the Arabians, 8 if, 816. put upon it by Antony, ibid, has a great Vidory over the Arabians, 817. waits on OBavianus Cdfar, after the Defeat of Antony, ^524. puts Kin^ Hyrcanus to Death, ibid. confirmed in the Kingdom by OBavianus, 82y. offended with his beloved Mariamne, 826. en- tertains Octavianus and his Army, 827. Grants beftowed on him by Ociavianui, 837. enraged ac Mariamne'^ Contempt of him, 841. has her try'd, condemn'd, and executed, 842. he repents of it and raves, 84 3, 84.1-. his Cru- elty, 84S. builds sn Amphithea- tre, and exhibits Shows in Ho- nour of Augujlm, 849. his Afts of Cruelty, ibid, builds Cities and Forts, Sj-o. a good AS: of his, 85-2. hated for h;s Tyranny, 85-3. marries an ordinary Prieft's Daughter, 8^g. makes her Fa- ther High-Pneft, ibid, builds He- ro'-'in?^, ibid. Augujhis's Favour to him, 8()i. vi\\zs Agrippa, 862. and Augujliis, 854. in favour, Sryf. builds a Temple to Augujlusy n^ad with Jesloufy, t6iH. recon- ciled to him by means of Ar chelaui King vi C/ippadom, 903 perplexed by the ' Thieves of Tr/tchonitis, 904, 909. dedicates the New Temple, 9»6. lofes Jittgtiftui's Favour, 907,908. re- conciled to him, 910. has his Confenc to proceed againft his Sons by Mariam?je, 911. puts them to Death, 912. his Son jinttpater plots againft him, 913. perfecutes the ^Pharifees, 914. quarrels with his Brother Thero- ras, ibid, 915-. Antipater's De- fign to poifon him is difcovered, 916. has him put to Death, 924. he dies, ibid, his horrid Defign to prevent the yert's rejoycing at it, ibid, his Dileafe and Mifery, 915-, 926. JoJephui\ Account of his Death, ibtd. his Pofterity, 92^. faid to be of Jewifh Ex tradion, 95 f. Augufifis' s Spying cf his Cruelty to his Sons, 925. Berodians, a SeO: among the ^ews, their then Opinions, 5-16. joyn'd by ihe SadduceSi fio. HercdiuWy a Palace built by Herffd, Eefychius, his Edition of the Septu- agint, 81. Bexapla, an Edition of the BibL- fo cali'd, 74, Montfaucoiis Book lb caird, cenfur'd, 80. Hierapolis plundered by Crajfus, 6/4. JHterax made Governour of Antioch by the Impoftor Balasy 579. he retires into JEgylt, and is made Dijjx'/W, 748. his great Ag( Difference with Shar* Vice-Prefident of the S 749. his numerous 1 7fo. Hillel the Second makes tl Jewifh Kalendar, 748. Hipparchus of Nicx^ the mer, when he flourilh tliraw King of Tyre, the Bi hted for him, 67. Hiftories, ancient, loft, i< Errors in feveral, 612. HoJdy. Dr. his Account ol tuagint the beft, 5-4,^6. Holophernes, a fuppoficitioti pretends to the Kingdoi padocia, 35-8. expels th Heir, 35-9. expell'd himi plots againft Demetrius 1 factor, 365-, 366. Horace's Death, 906. Hyrcanus, Son of Jofeph, hi fy to Ftolemy Bpiphanes, 3 an Account of his Bin fofephusi 20 2. his Dec kills two of his Brot wars with the reft, 1 himfeif, ibid. HyrcMiUs, Son of Simon , t neral of the Jews by hi 402. routs CendtbAUSt 'c Ax.otui, 409. fecures th fion after the Murder o ther, 4r8. is forced t( Peace of Antiochus Side, accompanies Antiochus ii peditions againft the 1 430. enlarges bis Do and throws off all Subjt fS, a bold Saying of one of \\%t Scd: to him, i&id. leaves the harifeesy and joins with the Sad- 'uces, 461. his Death and Pro- hecies, ibid. 462. cantis. Son ot Alexander, fuc- eeds Queen Alexandra in J-nd&n, ■79, routed by ArifiobHlus his brother, ibid, rcfigns the Crown o him, ibid, the Time of his Uign afcertained, fSo, f8i. his .oveof Eafe, 60©. Q.ks to A- etas King of Damafcus, and is ITifted by him, ibid, has- Audi- ince oi?ojnpey, 613. his Claim, bid, joins with Vompey, 6io re- tored to the High Pnefthood and joverament, but not to the i^rown, by Pompey, 614.. aflifts )cmrus, the Roman Lieutenant. 527. his Power Icffened by Ga mius, 64,1. aflifts C^far, 682. jAfar reftores him the Sovereign- ly, 68)-. his Favour to Herod, 590. rebuilds the Walls of fe- •ufalem by Leave from CAfar^ '99. his Ears cut off, and he's delivered to the farthims, 72 f. -eleafed by the Tyrant Phraates, 787. honourably maintained by the J^ews in Parthiajbid. tempted to Jemfaletn by Herod, 788. put to Death by him, 814. I. icmm made High Prieft, 514. enters Pdeftine with the Syrians, 521. his Treachery and Cru- elty, ibid, put in PofTciTion of the Country by the Syrians, T^^'i,. 226. feiz,esthe Government, 236. his Cruelty, tbtd. Jafon the Hiftor.an, who he was, 264. abridged in the Second Book of MaccabeeSy ibid. Ibis, a Foem writ by Callimachus, why fo called, 185. a Nameufed alio by Ovidy ibid. Id*tmAanSy who they were, 281, 282. they all embrace the Jero- ijh Religion, 435, 456. Jeremiah, one Vcrle of his Book on- ly written in Chddecy 75-1. Jericho, famous for its Balfam, 616. Pompey rccei\res the News of Mithridates's Death there, ibid. Jerom, the Ufe he made ofOrigen's Edition of the Scripture Verhons, 79. his Account of Antiochus Bp!phanes*s Lewdnefs, 218. his Saying of Porphyry's owning the Prophecies of Daniel, 292. his Learning, 769, abufed by the Je^s^ 110. JerufaUm, ftrange Sights feeninthe Air there 2^4. taken by Ami- ochiis Epiphan^sy 256. the Slaugh- ter there, ibid, deftroyed, and the Citizens maiTacred by the Syrians, 146. taken by ihe Romans, 612. by Herod the Greaty and the Ro- mans, 742. Jefus the Son of Sirach traoflatcs Ecclejiaflictts, 427. Jem/h Writers wretched Hiftorians, ^767. Jetvs, vaft Numbers of them Cap- tives in E£ypt, 39, releafed, 40. had no Communication with the Greeks till Alexander's time, f2. came \tiioAfin Minor, 174. La, ced&momnns claim Kindred with them, io3. have the Freedom of Anttoch, 220. their Deputies put to Death by Antiochus Epi- fhanesi 235. his fevere Decree againft them, 24.9. killed for cir- cumcifing their Children, 25*2. forced to celebrate the Feaft of Bacchus, 25-5. threatned to be all fold for Slaves, 27 1 .hated by o- ther Nations, 282. the Romans their Friends, 5 of. have a chief Magiftrate over them where-evf r they dwell, 325. have a (hort Peace, 35-6. their EmbafiTies to Tiome and Sparta, 393, 399. freed from the Syrian Yoke by Simon, 400. Letters from the Romans to the Eajlern Kings in their Favour, I407.J called impi- ous, and hated, 422. Names gi- ven by them to the Chriftians, 434. their Profelytcs reputed to be of the fame Nation, i6id. the Names of their Governours in other Countries, 478. hated there, 5-66. apply to Pompey for Liberty, 613. Cafar makes a Decree in favour of them, 6S4 lofe their Government, and are taxed by the Romans, 9:?o. have had no Government fince our Saviour's MifTion, 933, 934. their High-Prieils made by the Romans in his time, 939, Imperator, what Senfe that Title was taken in at Rome before Augftftii}*s Time, 840. in what then and afterwards, il>i(i. Initial Letters, Names made of Jonathan the Saddnae, h to Hyrcanus againft the . 460. Jonathan, Brother to Jud, beus, fucceeds'hira in t mand of the Jeros, 35- on a Sabbath, 3f4. mal with the Syrians, 361. Michmapj, ibid, courtei Parties in Syria, 367. Jerufakm, 368. accep Office of High-Prieft fr the Pretender of Syria, 3 ful to Balas, 38 r. rout us the General againft rewarded hy Balas, 382 vernment enlarged, ibi terview with Vtolemy, aflifts Demetrius King c his Diftrefs, 390. ill him, joins \mthAniiocl him, 391, routs his Fo 393. iurprifed by Trypl ion, 395-. m.urdered by his ftately Tomb, 398. Jonathan the Jew, his Lei Lacedemonians , menti Firft of Maccabees, 12 Joppa made a Sea- Port by S the fame as now, ibid. Jofeph, one of Judas hi Commanders, his ill Jofeph fucceeds Antigonus as Prelident of the Je hedrim, 95-. Jofeph, Nephew of Ontas Prieft, his EmbaiTy t( Euergetes, I2y. his kii tainmenr, 126. bis goo in his Court, 127. Difl Kreifted, 208. a^iin correfted, 4,7. again correfied, 424. his >efcent from the Jfwone an Rsre, 2f. when he wrore, i^iil. again Jrreded. 440. a Blunder of his Icen notice of by Scaliger, 441. Drreded, 5-80. ph comes out of Egypt ^'ithfe- is Chriji, 927. 7ua the Son of Terachia made rcfident of the Sanhedrim, i6y. Fable of him with refpeft to ;hrift, ibid. ih. Chap XI, Lir, & LTII. ur - erftood 'b be of Chrift. 779. he Targums io under (land them, id. •ates the Grammarian vindicates 'le Murder of O^avius the ELomm imbaffador at ^«//(?f^, 5^7. the enare will noc punifh him, and 'hy, ii>id. ?ans, forced to turn fern, •If. 'it, Son of the King, led in Tri- mph by C<£far, 691, favoured y him, ibid, his Learning and i;orks, i^M, lah. Scepter departing from it, ,ow that Prophecy was fiilfilkd, '33' &M' (as MaccabAHi his Flight into the Vildernefs, 247. fuccecds his Fa- her in the Command of thefevos gainft the Syriani, i6o. routs nd flays Apollbnius the SyrLvi General, 267. routs and fliysS'e- orii ibid, and Gorgias, 272, 27^. 10. and Timothensj 2^4. and ^icanor, ibid, and Lyfias's gre:.t ^rmv. 27 c. atfain, 204. he re- takes Ephron by Storni, and razes it, r;09. 6' im-inrUs Hebron. 511. his Intervic^v wkhNicanor 312, efcapes hh Trcaf^n, 549, de- feats and fliyihim, 35-1. fends an Emb; fiy to Rome, ibid, he is flain, 35-2. Judas, an Ejfeny hisremarkr.ble Pro- phecy of the Death of AntigomUi Soa of Hyrcanus, 5-28, Jud^a, when a Roman Governour firft pur over it, 921. yttlius Marathus, his Prophecy of the Coming of our Saviour, b'94. fuftin Martyr, his Account of the Sep'uaginr, 44. when he wrote his Apology for the Chriilians, ibid, a Confutation of his Ac- Count of the Septua^int, 5-9. ve- ry credulous, 60. his Defcripti- on of the Sibyls C?ve at CumAt 87S, 879. his Credulity, S87. K. KAhergens, why Ptolemy Vhifcon lo called, 387. Ivalendar, Egyptian, reformed by the Romans, o;f. Kalendar Jewifi, reformed, 330. Roman rctormed by Cdfar, 694, Gregman, 6i)6. Karraites, a Se£l of feros, their O- pinioi;, 476. their Numbers late- ly, 475^. Kera.xs made Governour of Sa- -maria, by Antiochus the Gre^tj 146. ICingdoms, Daniel*s Four, the Roman Monarchy one cf .hem, 041. the Jews, io3. their Way of Earing, 499, in Not. Lampfacus joins whh Smyrna ^g^iM Antiochus the Great i 176. Language, Scriptures Ihould be in the Vulgar, yj-;. Laodice divorced by Anthchus, lOf . taken again, 111. poyfons him, i&id. gets the Crown for her Son, 112. (lain by Ftolemy Euergetes, 113. Lcwdke, Daughter of Sekucus King of Syrtity married to Verfem King of Macedon, 209, ftcpt at De- Ihs, and makes Prefents to the Temple, ii^ul an Infcription in Praife of her fet up by the Peo- ple, 210. the Marble now a: Oxjord> ibid, murdered by Ammo- niuiy Minifter to the Impoftor 'BnUsy 579. Lum Cohende, a few of Hamburgh, his Learning, 771. Laftkenes, Minifter to Bemetrius Ni- cutor, his ill Conduct, 387. Lathyrus Soter, King of Egyp, for- ced by bis Mother to divorce one Sifter and marry another, 4/1, Whence his Name, 45-2. expel- led by his Mother, 5-24. cffend- cd by Alexander King of JmUay c^i. overthrows him, ibid, his Cruelty. i^/V/. leaves Falejlifje,f^<^. makes Demetrius King of Da- majcHs, 5-43. recalled by the E- g)ptians, f^6. reduces Thebes, f6o. his Death, ibid. Law, how read in the^^w/y^Syna- go^'ues, 7)- 7. Leap- Years made, 835-, 836. Leari'fd Men how apt to run into pey'Si ibid. Lennms, Governour of Pj lometor, 223. begins with Antiochus Epiphan Lentulusy Author of the between Pompey and C£j 672. Leonorius the Gaul feizes i 3 f . pafTes into Ajia^ 3 Lepidas difmift of the Tr and lives obfcurely, 79 Lepidnsy M.Efnilitts, his E favour of Ptolemy Epipk appoints him a Guardi; Leptines murders Oclavh man AmbafTador at An offers himfelt to the Sc puniftied, 3^7 . they nei ibid. Leviticus Text, Tranflatic reded, 25-8, in Not. Librarian, a Cardinal fo t< 26. Archbifliop of Rk France, ibid. Library, Alexandrian, ar of it, 2T, the Method ( lemies in collecting i great Part of it burn cruited by Cleopatra, ftroyed by the Saracens, in Cdifars Wars, 678. Library of Pergamus , 1 founded, 176. Livia married to Ocfavia 7^9. caules the Dea Grandfons, to make 1 Tiber i^ts, 929. Livy, an Error in him 194. in Not. Loadftones, a great Expc their Virtue propofed b f Envy io 'Fimbria, f^-^. fent gainft him when Conlul, 567. 3rces him to raifc the Sies;c ot yzicus, 5-68. beats his Fleets, 71. puts a Roman Senator to leath, 5-72. declares War wi^h '''igranes for not delivering up Mi- hridates, 5-76. reforms the Abu- es in the Provinces, ibid, and ; las Games inflituted to him, ib.\ ccalled, ibid, makes ^xcq Cities, '' )11, his bold and quick March nto Armenia,, ibid, routs Ti^r 4- i8s*s vafl: Army with a very imall ?ne, fSf, routs him again, and :wo Kings more, 5-88. takes Ni- %is, 5-89. his Soldiers mutiny, if?, tarius the Gaul, his Ads in Thrace and Afia, 35-, 37. ■ophron the Poet, favoured by Tto- lemy, 109. fandra. Wife to Lyfimachusy flies to Seleucus, 29. /F^^, Lieutenant to Antiochus Epi- phanes, routed by Judas Macca- 6ahs, 175-. feizes the Govern- ment under Anttochm Bnpator, 298. makes Pesce with the fervsi 304, 313. put to death, 320. fimachia rebuilt by Antiochtts the Great, ijj. his Defign in it, ib. 'fimachus marries two Daughters oH Ftolemy, 28. his Cruelty, 29. routed and flain, Hid, yfimachuSi Deputy ro the Ufurper Menelaus at ferufalem, murdered by the People, 231. y/imachus kills his Brother, and be- trays Gaza to the Jews y ^37. M by fofephusj 15-8. Maccabees, v/hence the Word, 160, 261. Macharesy Son of Mithridates, kills himlclf for fear ot him, 5-97. Mach^r^s a Roman General flays the Je-m whom he was fent to affift, 756. MAcenas, his Advice about Agri^pa, 863 his Death, 906. Magas, his Rebellion againft Ttole- my his Halt- Brother, 92. his lux- urious End and Character, ici. i Ma^^nefia, Battel of, between the Ro- mans and Antiochm the Great, 193. Magus, Simon, Jufiin Martyr de- ceived about a Statuo of him, to, Mahomet, the Story of his Load- ftoncfalfc, 108. MdicHs, the Jew, his Tfeafon, 707, 708. flain by Her oil by Cairns i Leave, 709. hianahem his Prophecy of Herod's being King, 749. Manetho dedicates his Hiftory to Vtolemy, 109. Mareotis, Lake of, its Extent, 5*02, in Not. Marks, Greek, in ufe among the Grammarians in Origen's Time 78. Marriage, Inceftuous, of Antiochus 1 1 . Syrian Kings of that Defcent ibid. Mariamm, her Beauty and Merit 727. her Mariiage to Herod, 740 and Defcent, 741. ii^r^?^/ jealou of Antony s Love to her, S04 offends Herod, 826. provoke him to Rage againft her, 8+1 Marfyas, Cleopatra's General, routed by T'hyfcon's, 438. pardoned by that King, 439. Mdttathtas of the Afmoman Race, his Defcent and Children, if 5. he refufes to obey Ant'iochuss De- cree againfl: his Religion, ^s^' his bold Behaviour before that King's Officer, ibid, his brave Actions in Defence of Liberty, ib. 2f6, & feq. his Care to recover the Law, 25-8. his Death and Charge to his Sons, 25-9, 260, Memnont Statue of, at Thebest Stra- bo's Account of it, 871. Menedemtis, the Philofopher, when he died, 5-3. Menehus buys the High-Prieflhood from his Brother, of Antsochus E- pphanesy 225-. takes a Heathen Name, ib. apoftatizes, 226. af- filled by Antiochus, ibid, robs the Temple, 228. gets Onias the High Prieft to be put to death at Amioch, 229. his Deputy mur- ther'd at ferufalemy 231. con- du(fl:s Amiochus into the Holy of Holies, 237. put to death at Be- rhosa, 313. Merit, too much, fatal to Miniders of State, 78 f. Mejfmh, the Jeivs Notion of his co- ming, 895-, 896. wheiihisICing- dom commenc'd, 94,2. MeJJtahs, two to come according to the fevps, 7 So. 2>detOy the Athe.'mny his Cycle when made, 319. Miliinarian Opinion, when introdu- ced, 886. IVJifhnical Do6i:ors, two er^at ones tus, fiain by Treachery, Mithr'idMes Eupator, his Sj ceeds him, 445-. Come Birth, and at his Accefli Throne, 448. murden ther and Brother, ibid. his Nephews, and feiz( docin, 5-43, 5-44. why with the Romans, 5-44. Kingdom of Bithynia, f quifhes the Roman Gene purs them to a cruel Dc orders 80000 Romans tc facred, 5'49. feizes At draws the Greeks over t* ty, 5'j'o. his Armies 1 Sylla, f 5-3, routed by Fim c^pcs by Sea, ibid, begs the Romans, ff^. his fe with them under Mure makes a f^rcond Peace v ibid, vanquifbes the Q ta, f6j. forced to raife of CizymSf 568. forcec J^gr^ines King oi Armen tedion, f7 3. affiled 5-84. his Letter to the Parthia for help extant fS6. his Cowardice, quifhes Eabius, and dift cullus's Lieutenants, ib Triarius, ibid, routed \ 5-92. retreats to the fcf6. his Treafure, Me: Medicinal Commentar 603. Author of the called Mithridate, ibid. Peace, 6o5. bur will n to bafe Terms, ibid. \ rare Projedl to marc Rome. 608. his Son n 's.ingdom 01 JsojpKoriiS given nuu, )S7. killed in endeavouring to joflTcfs hirafclfofit, 688. t^iah, a Place ot Prayer among :he fevps, 272. nwks, the Caliph, takes Rhodes, ind fells the Colojfus, 13?, i ?4. bn made Gcvernour ot Media by dntiochus the Great, 132. rebc.s ^/'^, Qays himfelt, 157. «£/e;, the Farihian, ufetul to -<^«- tony in that War, 789. his Ge- nerofity to him, 793. jnkery, its ill Foundation, 5- 10. its rife, f I 2. 3nks, Briif/Ih maintained by their Labour, 4,86. in Not. onrhs, intercalary, not ufcd by the Arcents, 30,-. anouc mc ooancaaor :>ereifis, 10. NicodemuSi a Scribe or D^6tor of the Jewifh Law, 2. Nicolas the JEtolian, his Fidelity to Vtolemy, 14?. defeated, 146. Nicolaus, Herod's Ambsflador at Row?, his good Condud', 909, 910. Ntcomedes of Biihynia at War with his Brother Zyp^tes, 33. the Kings of Bithyma. defcended from him, ibid. caHs the GauU into j^fia, ibid, builds Nicomedia,, <)G. Ntcomedes driven out of his King- dom by Mithridates, 5-45'. gives his Country to the Romans, jf66. N:copolis built by Fetnpey, 5-92. Nicopolis, another City fo called, bi-it by Oclavianus Cdfar^ 8 18. 8 ^'It pfuejla tsken and raz'd by the I Nijlbis in Mefpotamia taken by L«- Sons of Gryp^;, 5-42. j cuilus, ^89. other and her Seven Sons mzr- 1 Nixon's and Nojiradamus's Prophe- cies con^.parcd with the Si^)ls, 890. Nobiiius FlaminifiSi his Annotations on the Septuajinf, 84. Nobles cal'ed Friends by the Mace- donian Kings, 563. Nomad, the wandring jira&s fa caird, 307. Nomoiy the Provinces of E^ypt fc called, for, in Not. tyred, if 6. DM t Acra, the Citadel at Jerufa- Urn bulk by the Syrims, fo cal- led, 280. omtaguei Biihop, correded, 88f , 886. urena renews the War with Mi- thridates without fufficient ground fj-S. recalled by S>//^, ibid, u/a, Antoninus, the Phyfician cures Auguftus, 85-9. ^xWsMarceilus^ib.lNcrthumbrians, who fo call'd in.an- 'ufAHtn of Alexandria,, the Hab ta- tion of Learned Men, 24. a De- fcription of it, ibid. Chriftian Docto! s bred there, ibid, lutina^ now Modena, belieged by Antony y 704. N cient Times, 339, m Not. C\Ath of Fidelity required h) >' Herod, 868. retuled by th( JeTVs, Ociapla, ibid. a^-Jin, 914. an Ecition oi the Bible 7i-> 9 r^ rt . call'd, 75*. of his Death, ibid, outwits ^)!- to y,-]o%. his Youth, i^iV. his Quarrel w\x\\ Antony, 8;i. fe- veral Reafcris for ir, ib. the C.cx\t fuls againft hini, 812. t-teftroys Aniony\ Repuraron, 814. de- clare ^ War agiinft Cleopatra, ib. his PoHcy in it, ibid. 8 if. builds Nico^olis, an'i why, 818. beats Antony zt ABium, 819. his great E^^p-riiticn, B15. rejeds^iVifow^'s fubmiirve Offers of Peace, 827. his Behaviour to Antony ^Son^^^^M Ffiend.v, 831. views Alexander the Gre:it's Body, 831. his con- temptuous Saying of Apts t e God ot the Egyptians, 835'. Ge- nerofity to Herod, 837. the Con- tenders for the Parthian Empire apply to him, 8? 8. his Tri- umphs and Honours, 8^9, 840, he has the Roman Empire put in- to his Hands by the Senate, 845* has the Name ol Augufius, 846, Onenanthe, Mother to Ptolemy Phtlo- metovs Minions kilj'd. 167. Olthaces, Kin./ of Colchis, taken Prifoner by Pompey, <;g6. led in Triumph before him, ibid. Omar, the Caliph, commands i\\e Li '•ary at Alexandria to be de- ftroy'd, 25. Onias the fecord fu cceeds Manaffeb the Hioh-Prieft. loy. his Dul- refs and M"!-- ' dminifirarior/, T2;< 124.. hsCoveroarncis. ijo. Onias rhethirn, hisGrandfc n HJgh- Pri:;ll, 182. dtpofits HyrcAumh Ticaiure in the Temple, 70). bought cut by his Bror'her Jxfon, 219. put to Yiz-xin at Anticch, belt, 7V7. CPimius^ Wine call'd from *ulfiiip, its Excellence a 449. Oracles fail after the co\ Chrift, 463. Origen, his Edition of the of the Scriptures, 74. the Sptu.igiat, 75-. a of his Edicjon ot thofe J 6, his Pains about the ginr, 77. the Greek J\ madt uie of, 78. why damant-us, 79. what re his Edi ion, 80. Qrodes, K-iug of Parthia, Father, 644. and BrotI fends to Crajfus, to knf he made War upon hir kills his General after his over CraffHs, 6fg. cl; pey's Ambaflador m Chai runs msd, 733, makes ] Son King, ^86.^ mur him, ibid. Orofius, an Error in him c 404. O faces, tl-Q Parthian Genera and killed by Cnffius, 66 Ofway, the S^xon King, hi of S;. Peter's Keys, 340. Y}/fcorus, Son of the A. King, his Vv'^ar wirh 7 1 8. routed by Ventidii 732. his Charafter an ibid. 734. Palejlme, what that Coun ifi. Tilts, 404. 'ric, St. fcnt to convert the Iri/lj, 137- 'roclesy General for Antiochus So- gr, cut off with his Army b) :he Bithynians, 5 ; . 'roclus, Ptolemy's Admiral, puts :he Poet Sotades to death. 9 1 . 'doiThebstii the Founder of Mon- kery, 5-11. •gamusi Library of, given toCleo- ^atrn hy Antony, 11. how it came 0 be a Kingdom, 94.. the end of it, 426. 'fetis, King of Mucedon, his Mar- riage, 109. overthrown by the Romans, 14^ . ftilcnce in fudin, 844, 8f2. ronius routs Candace Queen of JEthiopta^SfT. xnic'tAt what that Country was, «ri/^« difobl'ge Hyreanus,/\.6o. are popular 4.7 can Account of them, 479. their Opinions. ibid.(^feq. conceited of their Holinefs, 48 1 . Pride and Numbers, i^/V. 48 2. in what they differed from the He- Yodiansy ^19. in Favour with Queen Alexandra, 5-64 their Re- venge on their Pcrfecutors, f6f, perlecuted by Herody 9 1 4. arnacesy Son of Mithrsdates, made K*ng by his Army, 608. fub- mits to Fompey, 62 f. made Kin^' ol: Bo/pkorus by him, 626. make> War on the Romms. 684. routs Dom'tius Cdvinusy ibid, routed by C4/ir, 686. farfaliaj battel of, 668. larus of E^ypt fini(hed, 12. a De- rving ftoiemy £.ptpmnes, lOb, o- verthrown by the Romans, 176. Philip, Son of Antiochus GrypuSy his Contefl for the Syrian Empire, 5-42. vanquiihes his Brother D?- metriusy 5-48. takes and lofes D4- tnafcus, f:^6. Philippiy Battel of, 711. Philo, his Account oftheSeptuagint, 42. confuted, f 8. Elder than 5^0- fephusy 49/. Hyperbolizes, fof, 5-07. when he went AmbafTador to Rome, fii. his Account oi Pontius Pilate, 940. Phraates, King of Parthsa, routed by Antiochus Sidetes, 429, routs and flays him, 450. marries bis Daughter, 43 1 . his Imprudence, 438. is roured and killed, ibid. Phraates, another King of Parthia, makes Peace wich Pompey, f^i. re^ufes an Alliance with Mithri- dates, ibid, killed by his Sons, 644. Phraates, Son of Orcdes, made King of larthia, 786. hi- Cruelty, ibid. murders his Father, ibid his Conteft with Tiridates, 838 8j-8. marries an Italian Woman, and is governed by her, 866. poifoa'd by her, 867. Pidures forbi'.den tothe^^wf, 258. Pilate, Pontius, his wicked Charaffcer, Pifo Cn. Pjifons Germantcus, 958. kills himfelf, 939. Pliny, what he wri:es of the Epnean Jews, fog, Plancus prove ked by Cleopatra to defert A'.tony, 813. Plutarchy an Error ia the Tranfliti- on corrtd^d, 4 1 2, r/? Not. Deaten by tne liomans, 190, 192. bea's the RhodUm, 191. Tcm^ey born, fZ9. fenc to fucceed Lucullus in ^7^. ^90. rout."- M/'- ^/;r;W-3?e/, and builds JV/^cpc/;.f, 5-92. decides the Coa:eft between Ti- granes and his Son, 5-94,. fubc'ues the Albanians and Ibenms, fgf. Colchis, 5*96. the 5)'riiSf/2 Empire, 5-97, twelve Kings atrend on him, 6oi. calh Princes to an Ac- counr, 604,. Jewifli Ambafladors with him, 605-. difpofes ot King- doms 606. tnitxs fudAn, 6 if. Receives the News of Mithri- dMes\ Death there, 616. takes yemfaletn, 622:. Profanes the Temple, 675 does not profpei .'Iter ir, 614 his great Donaiive ro the Soldiers. 616. his Sw^eech to the Senate, and Triumph, 6 2.7 , routed by C&far, and flies in Dif- guife, 669. his flight to Egjp 6-jo. he is killed, 671. Tompefs Sons and Party deflroyed, Soz, Jontiffx U^ximus, how l.ng the Roman Emperors enjoy'd, 877. Tonus, Kingdom of, toun-ied, 446. Succelfion of the Kings, ib. 447. Topi'dius the Ro/rjan Ambaflador tf; A'iticchus Epiphmes, his boid Treatment ot that Prince, 241, To'phyry Well actjuainred with thr Scrrpiiires, (36, 67. owns the full Completion of Daniel's Prqp.he- cies, 291. a hitter E.iemy to the Chr-.rrip.rs, iifid. Tcr.js, Kir^got In^iia, his Embaffy to Augufiu^, 869. his ?Tcknts,tbid. Predtftmation, Opinions of it held ceas o, toia. Prophets, when firfl read Jewifh Synagogues, 64. Profelyres among the Jew forts of them, 434, Provinces, the Roman Emp ded into two forrs, 846 rial md Senatorial 847. Vunick War, the hegiontng < the fecond ended, 169. t 5S4. Ftolcmais, Lady, married t trius, 6. Ptolemais, City, built wf flood, I'o. furrcnder'd t chus the G'f^nt, 143 ' temptpd by 'he Ofprr of Defi:v"(ftion, 39^, taker granes, ^7±. PioLmy So t e Af or ms a Con agaif ft Demetrius i 6. two Daughters ro him. alTocistes his Son, 1 1. I and Chars6l£r, i f . his I re, 21. JPtolemy Philadelphfs afToc his Father, n, fucceed: thcr, 12. improves his Library 21. purs Demi Keeper ot it in P ifon, : lies his Sifter Arfinoe, has the Sea. usginf tranf C fq. fends Ambaff. Ron.e, 89. his G-'nerofi Reman Amb.fTidors, War with Magus and Soter, 0 -:, his contrivanc the Tr aie of the Eaft afidria, ^^, 100. his F his War with Antioch 102. his Liberality to . Lyfimachus to Death, 109. his Viftories m^^a, 115. his Booty, il>id why named Euergetes, ibid. Sacrifices at Jerufrkm, 1 1 f; pre- fers Jofeph the Jevfy iz6, 127. his Desth, 134.. )kmy Philopator (accecdsEuergeies, 134.. his Murders, iSid. Wicked- nefs, 142. v\£\is Jerufalemy 149. denied Entrance into the Holy of Holies, ibid, his difbonoura- ble Peace with Antiochus^ 15-2. his Decree again ft the JevpSi ibid. ufes them cruelly, 15-3, 15-4. he favoiarschem, iff, ij'fi. a Rebel- lion againft him, 160. hisWick- ednefs, 162. his Death, i<5j'. olemy Epiphanes^y^c^ttdshim, 166. a League Jgainft him, 168. put under the Tuition of the Romans, 169. a Guardian fet over him by them, 170. a Plot agaiuft him. 179. his Inthronizarion, 18;. poyfons hisfairhful Minifteryf/i fiomer.es, 106. poyfon'd, 209. olemy Fhilometor. a Comment on the five books of Mofes dedicatee*. to him, 42. fucceeds his Father; 209 aimed conquer'dby^«//i?f:/?«; Epiphanes, j34. his Cowarcicc, 255-. depofed to make room for his Brother 'olemy Euergeies fecond, 238. call ed alfb Vhyfcon, ibid, the two Brothers jom together agai'.ft Antiochus, 241. thty owe rheir Kmgdom to the Romans, 245-. they fall out among thesifplve-. 5 1 f . Philometor comes ro Rome atoot, ibid Matters acjufted i?t- tween him and Phyfcon by ri'.e Uetormity,4i2. his Cruelty, 4 17. forced to fiie, 432, 457. mur- ders his Son, 43 3 . his cruel Mur- der of another Son, ibid, grows merciful, 439. his Death, 45-1. Ptolemy Lathyrus. Vide Lathyrus. Ptolemy Apion, King ofCyrene, givef his Kingdom to the Rofnans^^^S, Ptolemy Auletes^ Lathyrus's Natural Son, made King of Egypt, 5-98. his Effeminacy, 5-99. pays Cafar fix thoufand Talents, 632. ill ufed at Rome, 638. reflored by Gabinim and Antony, 646, 647. puts his Daughter to death, 648. dies, 661. Ptolemy y Dionyfms Neos, King of Cy- prus, 631. depofed by the Senate of Rome, 634. poyfons himfelf, 62,6. his Riches, /^/V/. Ptolemy y Brother and Husband to Cleopatra, afTociated with her in the Kingdom of Egypt, by their Father Auletes, 663. murders Pompey, 67 1. Caj/^r gives the Caufc between him and his Sifter a- ga-nft him, 676. drowned, 683. Ptolemy, his Brother, rr^ade a No- minal King by Cdfar, 683. poy- foiied by Cleopatra, 710. Vtolemy M:icron, bribed by MeNelaus, has the Jcwifh Deputies murder- ed, 233. a Rrvolter fr. m the King of E^ypt,ibid.\n Favour with the Kif5g or Syria, ibid, his Ad- vice to peffe.'ute the 7*?^^, ^49. grows a Friend tn fhrm, 29S. Ptolemy, Son of Abubus. and Son-in- Law t ?• Simon li e j^ew, murders him snci tivo of his Sons, 4; 8. flics, 419. V^ Army, his Office, 425', ^inttlis, the Month of July fo called, 6g^, R RAhhah, called alfo ThiUdelphia, taken by the Syrians, 146. Rabbinifts, ^ews for the TalmudCo called, 478. ^ajas, petty Kings of !«s, J09, f 10. Romans begin fo grow famous, S9. fend AmbalTadors to Egypt, ibid, the Generolity of their AmbalTa- dors. ibid, rexvarded bv the Se- ceeding towards thofe dered their AmbsfTadoi 3f7. favour an Impoi m, 567. Letters fron the Eaftern Kings, in 1 the JevpSi 407. fend dors to inlpedt the i their Allies in the E their Sobriety and M< ^16. they feize on t: dom of Vergamusy 4; Decree in Favour of 1 439, 440. make the tree, 5-38. the Kings oi and CcifpndoctA\m\>\oie tedion, and have it, 5-, begin the Mithridatic \ ill Succefs, ikid. moiTac Jia by Order of Mithrtdi leize on Nic 7^y^i'^» his Blunders cor- •efted, 442. ipe Goat eaten by the Saracens, ^ . :pter departing froaiy««;!i^,how :hat Prophecy was fulfilled in thrift's Coming, 932. leme to kr.ow when Eafler will fall any Year, ^4^. x,gypimTis, 171. commands their Army, ibid, taken and ftript by Antiochus, iji, his trcafonable Plot agsinft Pf(?/ewy, 170. put to Death, 180. Scfitia, Ireland (o aXied, ^^o,inNot, when that Name was given to North- Britain, ihid. Scribes, xht£^mG^% Doftors of the Jewifh Law, 2, 48 j. reckoned with the Phari/ees, ibid. Scribonius, an Importer, put to death in Bofphorus, 875*. Scriptures tranflated, 42, 63, 54, 67, 72. Heathen Authors well acquainted with them, 66. tran- flated by the Papifts in Oppofiti- on to the Proteftants, 69. Sebajie, Samaria fo called by Herod, 8j-o. Selene, Wife of Antiochus Grypus, flain by Tigranes, ^74. her la- ceft, ibid. Seleucia, feized by the£^^//4«/, 141. recovered by the Syrians, ibid. made a free Ciry by Pompey,6o^. Seleucus has Compaflion for DemC' trius, 7. his Forces beaten by him, 8. his Treatment of him when his Prifoner, 9. takes S'^r- dis from Lyjimachus, 29. rout* and kills him, ibid, murdered by Ptolemy Ceraunus, 30, gj. Seleucus Callinicus, how he came to fucceed his Father Antiochus The- us, iii. Shipwreck'J, i?f. a Column relating to him \n Oxford, 117. routed by Antiochus his Bro- ther, ! 18. defeats him, izo. ta- ken Prifoner by ^r/i«j, 123. his Death and Children, 129, 130. semacberibi tne ^jjjrmn King, jew- ifli Dojftors deicended from him, Scptuagint, an Account or thetran- flatinp; it, 58, & fe^- an older Tranflaticn of the Scriptures, 42. the feveral Autliors that wrote of the Miraculoufaefsot ii confu- ted, 46; o" M* °^^y "^^ ^^" ployed in that Tranfla ion of the fcible, 5-3. the Opinion of Learn- ed Men againft it, 5-4. true Caufe of making it, 65, 64. not trar.flated at once, 64. in ihe A- lexmdr'mn Dialedt, 6f. negled- ed, tbid. fpreads, 66,67. ^ Tran- flation in Oppofition to it, 6^. faulty, 74. Origens Pains about it, 76, 77. the Livv more ex- adjy trar:flated, 77. Editions of oi'jWj notions ana impoi lating to them, and tl cles, 886, e^ feq. Sibylline Oracles preferved gufius, Sjj, what t were, 878, c^' feq. thi deftroyed, 8S2. othei their Place, 883. whei utrerlv' deftroyed, 8S4. by a Chriftian, 885-, 88 Sights, Grange ones in tl ferufalem, 234. Silk fiiil made by the Chi i:s Val le at firft, ib. \ when fit ft made in the the Ancients odd Noti( Growth of ir, ibid. Siloy VenticitHiS Lieutenani ftinBi his Avarice anJ dc ing, 72r the heft, 84. the Vatican the next, 15-7. iranflatid by the yews or ^ ^gyff, 377. Sepulchres or the Jewilh Kings de- icribed, 424. Sera^eum, a Temple at Alexandria built by the Ft demy's, 20. Serapis, Image of, brought to E- gypt, ij-. mittaken for the Pa- triarch 7(j/f/>^, 16. firil worHiip- ped in 5'/>;c^^, 16, j8. brings a new Way ot Worlhip i^ito £g)pt, 18. Seres, Ambafiadors at Rome, tKeir long Journey, 8f i. the Chinefe fo calkd, ibid firft mcke Silk a> row made, ibid. Sc^varit, Hebrew, what was paid for it, 81. three principal ones, 8i.'S/weo«, Prtfident of the modern ones, r^. 83. Alexandria^ when Chrift W35 born. Copy of it in St. Jamei*s Library j Simeon^ Son of Gamalid vinh yerufalem, 74^. Simon, Farher, corrected, Simon the Juft, Akerarioi Death, 2, 3. Simon, Son of Om'as the Sc ceeds biminrhe Prieftb lyo. his Death, 181. Simon madeGoverncur of pie, 210. his Quarrel High Prieft Ouas, ibid Simon, Brother of Jud^is i his Succefs in Galilee, Befhfura, 393. hen: Place of his Brother 396. his AmbaiTador.' ceived at Rome, 399. free Sovereign Princco 400,405-. tzke'Gazan now in Ux;ora> tota. join witn thofe of Lamt>facus againft AntiO' chus the Greats ij6. rates, his Name abus'd by So4o- mites, px. klUies at Rome, what they were, ymius the yew puts his Daughter to Bed to his Brother, 203. tes Virgiiima and VreneftinA, what they were, 4.63, 8S4. Ibms, the Friendftiip he is faid to have had for the Jev^s, 39. ibins Minifter to Ftolemy Vhilo- pator, his Cruelty, i2f. his Wick- ednefs, 14,2. purs Queen Arjinoe to Dearh, 165. reiigns the Mini- ftry, ibid, called the long Liver, 168. hisCharader, ibid. IbiHi, his Son, made Guardian to Ptolemy's Son, 167. Ihenes, the Macedonian, defeats the Gauls^ 34,. his Death, 87. adesy a lewd Satyrick Poet, put to Dearh for libelling Ptolemy Phi- ladelphus, 91. lico burns the Sibylline Books, and demolifhes the Temple of - 10. •atonice, one of Mithridates*s be- Wiil and Predeflination, 483. Sylla fcnt againft Mithridates, ^fol takes Athem, ibid, obtains three Viaories over Mithridates's Ge- nerals, f^^. concludes a Treaty with him, and why, 5-5-4. feizcs the Works of uinptle for his own Ufe, 5-5- 5-. makes a fecond Peace with Mithridates, 5-5-8. SylUus, the Arabian, his Treachery to the Romans, 85-5. punifhcd, 85-7. Herod retufes him his Si- fter, 905-. fets Auguftus againft Herod, 907. condemned by him, [ and beheaded, 910. Symmachus tranflates the Old Tefta- ment) and why, 71, 72. his Method in it, 73. Synope made a free City by LhchUhs, sn- Synagogue, its Worfhip, what ic was, 25-8. how the Men and Women lit in it, 5-04. Sympfii Sacra Scriptura, a Book fo called afcribed to Athanajius. 42 8. Syria, Cities of, aflume their Li- berty, 5-29. made a Roman Pro- vince, 5-98. Syriac Verlion of the Bible, ftill in ufe, 67. its Antiquity, ibid, quo- ted by St. Paul 68. Syrians expel the Race of the Seleti- ciddi, and chufe Ttgranes, ICing of Armenia, King, 5-5-8. T. TAcitMs, what he writes of Prophecies of our Saviour*s Coming, S94. Tadmor, Palmyra fo call'd in Scri- pofed, ibid. Targumsy ChaUee Parapfarares on the Bible, why fo called, yfi. how many forts of thim are now ex- tant, Tf^, fpeak of Chrifl-, 770. read by our Saviour, 774. their Antiquity, (hid. Targum, Jernfalem, agrees with the New Teftament, 765". Tatlm, his Account of Berofus^ 97. Temple of the Lord! the Cry of a Jewifti Faction, 7 4 j*. Herod cuts them off, ibid. Temple of Jerufalem, the Sept of it not to b' profaned, 175. dtfi- led by ^ntiochm Epiphanes, 257. deferted, 747. dedicated to Ju- piter Olympius by the Syrians, i^z. begun to be built a-new by He- rody 871, Syx. nineteen Years before Chrift ibid, building in our Saviour's Ti.Tie, 872. Temple of Samaria dedicated to Jupiter, 45-0. Temple in Egypt not own*d by the Jem at ferufalem, 26^. when built, 573. the Septuagint favours it, 376. Temples to be revered in all Reli- gions, 37. an extraordinary one intended at Alexandria by Ptolemy for -^r/?«oe his Wife, 108. Teridates, an Attempt againft him, occafions the Lofs of^Farthia, to Antiochus, 104. Teftament, Old, the beft Verfion of ir, 69. Tetrapla, an Edition of the Bible fo called, 74. Texts of the Bible quoted from the C.haldpp P 'Jronhroli-Kv mir.^avir»nr and why. 71, 71. his M it' 7?. Theedotusy Governour of makes himfclf King, i Theodotus his Son fucceeds leagues with Arfacesy 1 1 by Euthydemns, 162.. Theodotus the JEtoliant Govi Ccsle-Sjria, betrays it tc ans, 141. and why. Courage, 147. Theodotus the Rhetorician vice to Vtolemy to kil 671. Therapeutic Profeflion an E[[ens, what it was, fo Thoas the JEtoUan, his E engage Antiochus the C War with the Romans, flies for it, ip^*. Tiberius born of Livia, v ward was married to C^far, 759. the firft i was employed in, 867. marries him to his Julia, 9©o. does not ibid, retires to Rhodes privately, 908. returni 928. adopted by Augti the Commencement of as in Luke, 936, 940 Charafter, 94.2. Tigers, when firft brougt dia, 869. Tigranes reftored to the of Armenia by xheVa^rtt expth Ariobaraanes Kit padocia, f4f. chofen K rift, 5-5-8. builds Tigrano the Methods he took I ir. an^^ his Dnunfrv. YMici-, his Son, refufes Tompey*s Decifion, and is a Part of his rriumph, ^gf. mnes made King in the Place of lis Brother -uts him to death, 803. hated by he Romans, ibid' provoked by 'ZlcopatrA to deferc Antony, 81;. pfiiemus made Minifter to Ptolemy ?hilopator by the Egyptian Coun- :il, 165. ichonitis, Country of, given t Herod by Auguftus, 86 1 . the In- habitants Thieves, ibid. 904. ade of the Eaft, how carried on by the Tyrims, 99. by the Pal- myrians, 716. adirions, the Zeal of the Pharifies For them, 481. anfmigration of Souls believed by the Pharifees. 479. aritis, the Roman General, rou^- ?d by MithridateSf^S^. Pharnaces his Son routed in the fame Place by Cxfar, 6^6,6'q-j. ibes, Jewifh, the Names of them rj»«, 11! b L»cngns againit Ueme» trms Nicater, 389. fets up his Brother Antiochus againft him, 390. takes Jonathan by Treafon, 396. murders him and his Mzr- i^cT Antiochus, 397. declares him- felf King of Syriay 398. Tyrannion the Grammarian prcfcrvcs Arijiotle's Works, ff6. Tyrians, their Trade, 99. deliver their Ciry to Antiochus the Great, 145, know not the Name of Hercides, ZZ2, iu Notts, U. VEntidks, Antony's Lieafenan^^ defeats Labienus and the Par-- thians, 724. routs the Pmbiam again, and flays their Genera!, 7Z)-. his Exaftions in Palefiine, 718. his Vidories over the Pat- thians, 731. his Policy, 732.cn- vyed by Antony, 734. Triumphs at Rome, 7 35-. was himfelf led ia Triumph, ibid, his mean Begin- ning, ibid, out of Favour with Antony, and why, 78^. ViBorius of Limoges, his Cycle, 3 34, Villius, Publius, AmbafTido'r from the Romans to Antiochus the Greats his Cunning, 185-. Virgil attributes to Pollio whit was prophefied of Jefus Chrift, 72S, 883. can admit of no other In- terpretation, 894. VirgilianA Sortes, what they were,' 46:, 88+. Virgin Mary, her miraculous Con- ception of our Saviour, 917. Vilioa of Serapis, fcen by Ptolemy , 465-. Winds, Etefian, what they are, 6ji. like our Trade Winds, i^id. Women delivered tb^ Heathen Ora- cles, 890. Word, ^oyQ-y fjow explained in the Chaldee Paraphrafes on the Bible, 78+. Xlmenes, Cardinal, his Edition of the Sepruagiar, 82. an Account of it, iifid. 8^ Xin^tas, Antic chus the Creates Ge- neral in the Eaft, deftroyed with his Army, ig6. Xiphares murdered r>y his Father Mithridates, 612. Y. YEar, a very plentiful one, 449. Year, fulian Solar, eleven Mi- nutes longer than the true Tro- pical Solar, 348. Years, fulian, of what Days they confill, 327, ^Lj up ^nticchus to Trypk Zacharias, his Vilion in 1 pie, 912. Zadikim, fevi>s, why fo cai 470. Zaretis, why Diana fo ca Zarmams:, a Gymnofoph fador from a King of Augufius, 869. burns h his Prefence ac Athens, ZebinHy Alexander, an pretends to be the So Impoftor Balas, 443. Syria, ibid, leagues wi nus,i!^^^. his goodChara put to Death, 4+9. Zenodorus, his Exactions Trachonites, 8^f. ZendotHs of Ephe/uSy Lifc the Ptolemies, if. Zeuxis fent by Antiochu Peace of the Romans, ZipAtes, King of BithyrM Joy' 33- ZipAtes, his Son, at War \ medes his Brother, 55. Zoilus, theCritickon jtf(?< by Ftolemy, i op. FINIS.