( NOW 29 aa 
 
 iewitt. James Alexander, 
 ^r^etches of English churcii ^ 
 :oouth At Ilea troiti 1795 to 
 
 18 
 
SKETCHES 
 
 ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY 
 
 SOUTH AFEICA. 
 
 Feom 1795 TO 1848. 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES ALEXANDER HEWITT, 
 
 EECJTOR OF WORCESTER, SOUTH AFRICA. 
 
 CAPE TOWN : 
 
 J. C. JUTA & CO. 
 
 188/- 
 
LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY ^YILLIAIH CLO^YES AND SONS, LIMITED, 
 
 fcTAMFORD STREET AND CJIARIXG CROSS. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 1795-1803. PAGE 
 
 The first English occupation — Military and Naval Chaplains — 
 Religious difficulties with the Dutch — Withdrawal of the 
 English — Do Mist's church regulations . . . . .3 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 180G-1S07. 
 Henry Martyn's account of the taking of the Cape — The earliest 
 registers — Controversy with the Dutch Consistory — A Luthe- 
 ran garrison chaplain — Cliange in the marriage law — The 
 Dutch church used for English services — Lord Caledon 
 Governor — Title of Ordinary 7 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 1808-1811. 
 The career of a clerical impostor. Dr. Halloran, garrison chaplain 
 and Rector Gymnasii — His libels upon the Lieutenant- 
 Governor — His trial and banishment — Opinion of law officers 
 as to the validity of his marriages — His subsequent career . 13 
 
 CHAPTER lY. 
 1811-1819. 
 The first Colonial Chaplain — Chaplaincy at Simonstown esta- 
 blished — Education — Lord Charles Somerset Governor — First 
 English church built in the Colony— Marriage licences issued 
 — Sir J. Brenton's letter to the Bishop oi London on the 
 spiritual wants of the Colony ...... 26 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 1820-1826. 
 State of the Church at the Cape — Arrival of British settlers — 
 Establishment of Bible and Tract Society — First S. P. G. 
 Mission — Grahamstown founded — Commission of Enquiry — 
 Port Elizabeth — Proposal to build a church in Capetown — 
 Prayer Book and Tract Society founded — Report of Royal 
 Commissioners of Enquiry oQ 
 
 CHAPTER VL 
 
 1827-1830. 
 First episcopal visit — Bishop James of Calcutta — Second scheme 
 for building a cluirch in Capetown — Consecration of the 
 site — Confirmation — Third scheme for building a clmrcli — 
 S. George's Churcli ordinance — Second episcopal visit, Bishop 
 Turner — Laying foundation stone of S. George's Church — 
 Opening of S. George's Church, Graliamstown — Clerical 
 chanores — Dr. AVriiiht . . . . . . .48 
 
IV 
 
 Contents. 
 
 CHAPTER yil. 
 
 1831-1835. PAGE 
 
 Increase of activity in church building — Tliird episcopal visit, 
 Bishop Wilson— His stay at the Cape — Consecration of sites 
 — First ordination— Departure of Governor Sir Lowry Cole — 
 Sir Benjamin D'Urban's reforms — Opening of Eondebosch 
 Church— Opening of S. George's, Cajietown — Kafir war of 
 1834-1830— Visit of Bishop Conic of Madras . . .59 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 183G-1810. 
 Statistics of the Church— C. M. S. Mission to the Zulus— Mas- 
 sacre of the emigrant Boers and abandonment of the mission 
 — Opening of S. Frances' Church, Simonstown — Legislation — 
 Arrival of juvenile emigrants — Church building — Extension 
 of tlie Colonial Episcopate — Religious controversy — The 
 Anglo-Indians ........ OS 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 1841-1845. 
 Difficulties at Grahamstown — State of the Churcli in the Eastern 
 Province — The Colonial Church Soci<ty undertake work at 
 the Cape— Long Street Episcojial Chai)el— S. Mary's, Port 
 Elizabeth — Vi>it of the Bishop of Tasmania — Kei>eal of Do 
 Mist's regulations — British settlers' twenty-fifth anniversary 
 — New chaplaincies— Church ordinances . . . .82 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 184G-1848. 
 
 Kafir war of the axe — Resolution of Cai)ctown District Committeo 
 of S. P. C. K. on tho subject of the; South African Bishopric 
 — Memorial from tlu; inlialiitants of the Eastern I'rovince on 
 the same subject— Opening of Holy Trinity Church, Cape- 
 town — Departure of Mr. Hough— Cape Colony erected into an 
 Episcojtiil See — Consecration of Bishoj) Gray — His arrival at 
 
 ■•* '• the Cape — State of the Church on his arrival — Gleams of 
 
 hope .......... 93 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 A. List of Dr. Ilalloran's i)ubiiHhed works . . . .103 
 
 B. Sir J. Brenton's letter to the JJislioj) of London . . . 105 
 
 C. S. George's Capetown Church Ordinance .... lOD 
 
 D. Memorial from residents in thr- ICastern Province to the Com- 
 
 mittee fif the Colonial Bishops' Fund .... 122 
 
 E. Letters I'atent of IS 17 constituting the See of Capetown . 123 
 
 F. List of Clergy stntifmed at the Cap.-, 17;)5-1S48 . . .128 
 
 G. List of Pam])hle1s on Chureh matters, Sermons, «&(*., pub- 
 
 lislir-d at the Cape, 1808-1847 133 
 
 IL ( )rdinances and Lawa enacted by the Colonial Legislature from 
 
 180G-1848, relating to the Church, and still in force . . B'G 
 
SKETCHES OE ENGLISH CHUECH 
 HISTOEY IN SOUTH AFEICA. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 South Africa is no exceiDtion to the dreary history of the 
 Colonial Church in its early clays. It presents to us the 
 sacl picture of an offshoot of the Mother Church left to 
 exist for years without episcopal supervision. An Order in 
 Council issued during the reign of Charles I. is said to 
 have placed all foreign congregations of British subjects, 
 not within the limits of other Anglican Dioceses, under the 
 jurisdiction of the Bishop of London; but if this order 
 ever existed it only invested that prelate with authority to 
 appoint commissaries for the transaction of purely legal 
 business, without making any provision for the exercise of 
 the more important spiritual functions of the episcopate. 
 And although a later order in 1726 empowered the BishOB 
 of London to exercise spiritual jurisdiction in the pla'fl^^ 
 tations, it does not seem that this shadow of episcopacy 
 extended to the Cape Colony at its acquisition seventy 
 years afterwards. 
 
 When the See of Calcutta was founded in 1814, its 
 Bishop was regarded as, in some degree, Bishop of South 
 Africa, but it was not until 1837 that the third occupant of 
 the See called at the Cape on his voyage to India. The 
 Chaplains were unlicensed and free from any control, except 
 that of the Governor, who was styled the Ordinary ; and 
 
 u 
 
2 English CJnirch History in Sonth Africa. 
 
 Avliat lias been ^vcll called " a system of insufficient and 
 scarcely veiled Prcsbyterianism " \vas tlic only representative 
 of the Church of England in South Africa. 
 
 No attempt has hitherto been made to collect materials 
 for the history of this iK^riod. The history of Church 
 matters since the foundation of the See of Capetown in 1847 
 is tolerably well known, and may be read in the journals 
 and life of Bishop Gray and his colleagues, or gathered 
 from the many pamphlets and law reports, published upon 
 the various subjects in dispute, during his eventful and 
 illustrious episcopate. But of the earlier period, from the 
 first English occupation to the arrival of Bishop Gray 
 (1795-1848), no collected record exists. The following 
 sketches, drawn from scattered notices in the Colonial 
 archives, and in the scanty newspaper and periodical 
 literature of the time, from the observations of travellers, 
 and from other trustworthy sources, are a contribution 
 towards supplying this deliciency. 
 
English Church Histoiy in South Africa. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The English Occupation from 1795 to 1803. 
 Clergy. 
 
 Eev. J. E. Attwoocl, R.N., 1795. 
 Eev. H. Davis, 1797-1799. 
 Eev. Dr. Dolling, R.N., 1797. 
 Eev. Thomas Tringliam, 1799-1803. 
 Eev. — Holmes (?), 1803. 
 
 When the Cape capitulated to the English arms iu 
 September, 1795, it was agreed that the privileges of the 
 Dutch Eeformed Church should be preserved, and during 
 the seven years of occupation that body continued to be 
 called the Established Church. The only services of the 
 English Church were held, probably in the Castle, by the 
 Military Chaplains, but no traces of any registers kept at 
 that time are to be found. The Governor was the Ordinary, 
 and his consent was necessary to marriages, and even to 
 baptisms — at least in the case of adults. 
 
 The first clergyman with whose name we meet is the 
 Eev. J. E. Attwood, Chaplain of H.M.S. Stately, and one of 
 his earliest ministerial acts in the settlement led to a legal 
 controversy with the authorities of the Dutch Church. At 
 that time all persons about to be married were obliged to 
 appear before a Lay Matrimonial Court in Capetown to 
 prove that there were no legal impediments to the marriage. 
 On the 2nd October, 1795, Mr. Attwood solemnized a 
 marriage without this preliminary form being observed. 
 When the bridegroom applied to the Dutch Church to have 
 his marriage registered, he was refused on the ground that 
 the marriage was illegal. He then petitioned the Governor, 
 
 B 2 
 
4 English CJiurcJi History in South Africa. 
 
 General Craig, to have the marriage declared legal, because 
 " at the time of the marriage the usual method of recording 
 names was stopt" — Capetown being under martial law. 
 The Governor, however, declined to interfere, and recom- 
 mended that the couple should be remarried. 
 
 But graver causes of collision than this occurred. 
 Admiral Elphiustone states in a letter to his friends that 
 " the Captain of one of the shijis of war, who had a gift for 
 expounding the Gospel, was rash enough to baptize a child 
 in the house of Colonel de Lisle, and the Dutch, who had 
 been guaranteed in the exercise of their religion, raised a 
 tumult against what they regarded as an infringement of 
 the convention, and were only pacified when the officer was 
 suspended. Another time a Chaplain of the fleet married 
 a couple, ignorant that the [bride]groom was already a 
 husband, and a clamour was again excited, which the Admiral 
 had to quell by his personal interference."* 
 
 In 1797 Eev. H. Davis was Chaplain in Capetown, 
 Among the archives is a letter dated 7th August, 1797, 
 from Cajitain Lambe, thanking Lord Macartney for j^er- 
 mission to marry, which is endorsed, " License to be granted 
 to Mr. Davis to marry." Another letter, dated 15th August, 
 from Garrison Church-Clerk Norris, to Mr. Secretary 
 Barnard, states that application had been made to Mr. Davis 
 by " a native of Africa, who is at the years of maturity and 
 freeborn, whose wish it is to be ba2)tizcd according to the 
 Church of England." It is endorsed, "Leave has been 
 granted." On February 5th, 1798, the Governor grants 
 permission to Mr. Davis to baptize certain coloured adults. 
 There is also a jjctition from one Fitter (2Gth February, 
 1798), that lie and liis family may have the Governor's 
 permission to be ])aj)tized by tlio English Chaplain, as he 
 
 ♦ "Life of Lord Keith." Admiral Elphiustone (nfterwnnls liord 
 Keith) was cominainling at tlie Cnpc from Septc'inbt-r t(j November, 
 1795. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 5 
 
 Lad api^lied to the Dutch Church " without obtaining the 
 holy Sacrament of Baptism," whereas the English Chaplain 
 is willing to admit him into " the Holy Church." There is 
 also a similar petition from Candaza, a female slave 
 (1st March, 1798). 
 
 In the same year Eev. Dr. Dolling was Chaplain to Sir 
 H. Christian, Admiral commanding the fleet at the Cape, 
 and resided for some months at Stellenbosch as tutor to 
 Admiral Christian's son in the family of the Dutch clergy- 
 man, Mr. M. Borcherds.* 
 
 In 1799 the Rev. Thomas Tringham succeeded Mr. Davis 
 iis Chaplain in Capetown, and remained there until the 
 restoration of the Cape to the Dutch. In December, 1799, 
 the Kerkraad of Stellenbosch complained of Mr. Tringham 
 to the Governor for having baptized the illegitimate child of 
 a female member of the Dutch Church. The complaint was 
 referred to him by the Governor for explanation, and in 
 reply he justifies his action, and adds, " Since my arrival in 
 the Colony I have ever j)ursued (and shall continue to do 
 so) a line of duty prescribed by and conformable to the 
 Statutes and Ordinances of the Anglican Church, sanctioned 
 by the laws of my country, and conformable to the laws of 
 this settlement under the protection of His Excellency the 
 Governor." Here the matter seems to have ended, but wo 
 shall meet with a similar complaint against the English 
 Chaplain soon after the capture of the Cape in 1806. 
 
 Mr. Tringham had a grant of land in or near Capetown 
 from Governor Sir G. Yonge, and in September, 1801, 
 applied for permission to sell it, which was refused. He 
 left the Cape with the English forces in February, 1803. 
 
 ='' Dr. Dolling is gratefully spoken of by Mr. P. B. Borelienls in his 
 *• ^lemoirs," and is described as " wearing a black coat and waistcoat, 
 Avitli yellow buckskin breeches, yellow-toppctl boots, with a broad 
 brimmed hat shaped to a point behind; ho wore spectacles on an 
 aquiline nose, and had lively eyes." — Borcherds' '* Memoirs," p. 3S. 
 
6 English CJuirch History in South Africa. 
 
 A form of tlianksgiving for tlie cscai^c of the King from 
 assassination (December, 1800), and a letter endorsing coi)y 
 of an Order in Council of January 1, 1801, respecting 
 alterations in tlic Prayer-Booli, in consequence of the union 
 of Great Britain and Ireland, to be carried into effect in the 
 Colony, close the brief ecclesiastical memoranda of this 
 period. On the 21st February, 1803, the Colony was 
 handed over to the Batavian Ecpublic, and the English 
 officials and troops were withdrawn. Several English 
 residents, however, remained at the Cape, and among them 
 (it would ai;)pear) a clergyman; for in the Kaa'psclie 
 Courant of May 14, the Eev. Mr. Holmes notifies that ho 
 has ojiened a private school. 
 
 Under the Batavian Government, by the Church regula- 
 tions published by Commissioner General de Mist (July 25, 
 1801), certain restrictions were placed upon the exercise 
 of religious liberty ; and as these continued and were some- 
 times enforced under English rule, they may be hero 
 mentioned. No one was permitted to perform any Divine 
 service, or to hold public meetings for devotion without the 
 knowledge of the Governor, or at any other time than the 
 usual Sundays and holidays, and in public churches, 
 without his permission ; and then always under the 
 guidance, and upon the responsibility of tlie qualified con- 
 sistory of that community. Tliese regulations were only 
 repealed by Ordinance 7 of 1813, and hence the curious 
 proviso wc shall presently meet with in notices of Divine 
 service, that " Service will be held by permission of Ilis 
 Excellency tlic Governor." 
 
English Chiu'cJi History in South Africa. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 From the Capture of the Cape in 1806 to May, 1807. 
 Clercjij. 
 
 Rev. D. Griffiths, Feb.— April, 1806. 
 
 Rev. Robert Jones, B.A., Jan., 1807— Feb., 1807. 
 
 There is an interesting notice of the taking of the Cape in 
 the life of Henry Martyn, who was a passenger to India in 
 a ship of the armament by which the Colony was taken. 
 The fleet consisted of nearly seventy vessels convoying an 
 army of more than six thousand men : yet this large force 
 was without an official Chaplain, and Martyn relates that 
 wLen a Portuguese gentleman at S. Salvador asked him if 
 the soldiers had a Minister to attend them in their dying 
 moments, to instruct and to administer consolation, he 
 hardly knew what to say to explain such neglect. Martyn 
 landed and was present at the battle of Blaauwberg (January 
 8, 1806), and ministered to tlie wounded on the field. " I 
 prayed," he says, " that the capture of the Cape might be 
 ordered to the advancement of Christ's Kingdom, and that 
 England might show herself great indeed by sending forth 
 the Ministers of her Church to diffuse the gosj)el of peace." 
 He remained in Capetown for about a month, holding ser- 
 vices on Sundays at his lodgings for the cadets and pas- 
 sengers, and visiting the hospital. Being called upon to 
 officiate at a funeral, the service " was likely to have mot 
 with an interruption by my having neglected to bring the 
 Prayer-Book with me ; in the utmost confusion I sent to 
 all the English families, but none could be found, and so I 
 went to the church, whore, through ignorance of the proper 
 ceremonies, the corpse had arrived before mo, and began the 
 
8 English Church Hisfojy in Sonth Africa. 
 
 service without a Prayer-Book, and read the jisalms and 
 lessons from my Bible. At this critical moment, while 
 the body was putting into the grave, Mr. Ivcad [the L.M.S. 
 Missionary], who had been running about to get a book, 
 put one into my hand without anyone perceiving it, 
 and thus the whole service went on with propriety and 
 decorum." * 
 
 By the eighth article of the capitulation it was agreed 
 that jDublic worship) as then in use should be maintained 
 •without alteration. This agreement was faithfully kept, 
 the Englisli Government not only maintaining but extending 
 the Dutch Church establishment ; though for the large 
 military force stationed in the Colony, and for the increasing 
 number of English inhabitants,! but little spiritual provi- 
 sion w^as made by either the English Church or State. This 
 may have been partly because it was for some time doubtful 
 whether England would retain the Caj^e ; indeed, it was 
 not until 1814 that the Colony was definitely ceded by tlie 
 Netherlands to the British Crown, the convention being 
 ratified the following year at the Congress of Vienna. 
 
 In February, 180G, the Eev. D. Griffiths arrived at the 
 Capo as Garrison Chaplain, and the earliest volume of 
 registers, now in 8. George's, Capetown, dates from this 
 time. It is a manuscript folio, witli the written title-page, 
 "A Kegister of Christenings, Marriages, and Deaths at 
 Capetown, commencing from tlie 7th of February, Anno 
 Domini, 180G, kept by the Rev. D. Griffiths." J 
 
 ♦ Sftrgent'8 " Life of Ilonry iMiirlyn." 
 
 t The n<l(h-eH.s presented by tlie Briti^li inliahitiuits to Sir 1). liuiij 
 on lii.s dei)arture in signed by thirty-live iiilhienliiil civili.in.s in Cn])e- 
 town. — Life of Sir D. Biiird, ii. 17(j. 
 
 X Tlic baptisms during tlic three numths of jNIr. (iriflitlis' minis- 
 trations occu]»y ten jinges, and are filty-live in number,— many of the 
 names being those of Dutch families, i)p. 3-13, continued again on 
 ]). 205. Marriages, p. T^S, continued on p. 17o. Burials, \). liiT, only 
 three in number. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 9 
 
 Tlie Dutch Cliurch, as on a former occasion, soon rose np 
 against an infringement of what they seem to have con- 
 sidered their monopoly. On March 3rd, 1806, the Dutch 
 Minister in Capetown, Mr. van Manger, brought to the 
 notice of his Kerkraad that the Chaplain to the Forces had 
 baptized several adults and infants not belonging to the 
 garrison. The Kerkraad thereuj)on complained to the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, Sir D. Baird (letter dated 25th March), 
 of this breach " of the custom which has always prevailed 
 in these parts, that each clergyman should confine his minis- 
 trations to the members of his own congregation." IMr. 
 Griffiths, in reply, stated that he had baptized these persons 
 because the " Cape Clergy refused to do so unless the adults 
 could read and write." The Consistory, on the contrary, 
 affirm that they had only insisted that no one could be a 
 Christian without knowing the chief doctrines of Chris- 
 tianity, and that no adult ought be baptized until he has 
 made a profession of faith. They quote Archbishop Tillot- 
 son to prove that this is the teaching of the English Church 
 no less than of the Dutch, and indeed is a principle of the 
 Gospel itself, since the command is that we should first 
 teach and then baptize. They hint tLat the Chaplain had 
 been impelled by mercenary motives, and ask whether he is 
 to be considered as Garrison Chaplain or as a general Colo- 
 nial Minister, and whether the regulation that Ministers 
 shall confine their ministrations to their own congregations 
 is still to continue in force.* Sir D. Baird closed the cor- 
 respondence on April 4th, by stating that it shall be notified 
 to the Garrison Chaplain that he is not to infringe the 
 colonial customs, but to confine the exercise of his religious 
 
 * This correspondence may be seen in Dutch (though with a 
 suppression of names) in the Z. A. Tijdschrift for 1830, vol. 7, p. 57. 
 I have been enabled to verify facts and dates by reference to tlio 
 original documents in the archives of the Dutch Church, Capetown. 
 
lO English CJnircJi History in South Africa. 
 
 functions to the garrison and to the Britisli inhabitants, or 
 to such others only as wish to join the English Church 
 upon conviction. 
 
 It may have been in consequence of this controversy that 
 Mr. Griffiths left the Cape early in April,* his last entry in 
 the registry being dated April 7th ; and until January 16th, 
 1807, there was no English clergyman resident in the 
 Colony ; but at the j^articular solicitation of the Major- 
 General commanding-in-chief, the Lutheran Minister, Mr. 
 Hesse, consented to act as Garrison Chaplain, and to perform 
 divine service for the troops.-f Mr. Hesse ke^jt a private 
 record of baptisms, which were afterwards copied into the 
 register by the next ChapLain, Mr. Jones.J 
 
 An important alteration in the marriage law of the Colony 
 was made at this time. Under the regulations issued by the 
 Batavian Government (20th September, 1804), marriages 
 might be solemnized in the country districts by the Courts 
 of Landdrost and lieemradcn ; and these regulations having 
 been adopted in Cai^etown, by a resolution of the Dutch 
 Governor and Council (3rd January, 1805), it had become 
 customary for marriages to be solemnized by a Lay Matri- 
 monial Court, without any ceremony by a clergyman, or 
 
 * Probably with the expedition which sailed on April 13tb, muh-r 
 command of Sir H. Popham and IMajor-GeneruI Beresfbrd, against 
 Buenos Ayrcs. See " Life of Sir D. Baird." 
 
 t Extract from General Orders, Gth INIay, 180G, signed by G. B. 
 Tucker, Dep.-Adj.-General,in Gazette of 10th INIay. 
 
 X " Bapti.sms during tlie time no English clergyman was at the 
 Cape, Mr. llcsse, Lutheran priest, ofliciating" 11th ^lay, 180G, to 18th 
 January, 1807, " copied by me from mcmnrandums given to me by Mr. 
 Hesse. — II. Jones, Garrison Chuplain, INIarch 14, 1807." "No me- 
 morandum of deatlis hns been kept l)y Mr. Hesse during the period of 
 hi.s ofTu-iatirig as Garrison Chaplain. No account of the diflferent 
 ihaths that take place in the army is recpiisite to be kejit in 
 this register, as they will be correctly found in the books of the 
 difVcrent regiments." 
 
EnglisJi Church History in South Africa. ii 
 
 the assistance of the Church being in any manner required.* 
 Sir D. Baird, having taken the matter into serious consider- 
 ation, and " reflecting that in all civilised countries where 
 the Christian religion is professed and respected, the 
 marriage ceremony is justly reckoned a holy institution, 
 connected with the sacred principles of religion, and not 
 (as these regulations would infer) a mere civil contract," by 
 proclamation (20th April, 1806) prohibited any such lay 
 courts from performing the marriage ceremony, and required 
 all marriages to be performed, as before the regulations 
 were issued, by an ordained clergyman or minister of the 
 Gospel. 
 
 The Eev. Eobert Jones, B.A., arrived in the Colony with 
 the newly-appointed Lieutenant-Governor, Hon. General 
 Grey, on January 16th, 1807, and was Garrison Chaplain 
 during that year ; his entries in the register beginning on 
 January 21st. From this time the use of the Dutch Church 
 was granted for the celebration of the English services, 
 which were held on Sunday mornings at half-past eleven ; 
 except when the Holy Communion was administered in the 
 Dutch Church, when the English service did not begin 
 till half-past twelve. "f It was not until 1813 that the Con- 
 sistory allowed their bells to be rung for the English 
 service. The Church continued to be used by the English 
 congregation until the oj)ening of S. George's in 1834. 
 
 In May, 1807, the Earl of Caledon assumed the Govern- 
 ment of the Colony, and the title of Ordinary was again 
 added to the official designation, although on the only 
 occasion upon which the exercise of this jurisdiction was 
 
 * A curious instance of the reaction from this lax state of things 
 occurs in April, 1807, when a couple was married on tlic 13th by the 
 Eev. Mr. Jones, the English Chaplain, and a second time on ^^unday, 
 the 19th, by the Kev. Mr. van Manger, the Dutch Minister. 
 
 t We sometimes meet with notices of the poatponcment of a play 
 advertised for Soturday niglit, in consequincc of the next doy being a 
 " Communion Day," e.g., -Ith July, 1807. 
 
12 English CJiuych History in Sonth Africa. 
 
 called for — tlic removal of a Chaplain of the Forces in 
 1810 — the order was issued by the Commander of the 
 Forces, General Grey. The authority for the use of 
 this title, which continued to be used by all subsequent 
 Governors until the aiipointment of Sir G. Grey in 1854, 
 appears in most cases somewhat doubtful. The instructions 
 to Lord C. Somerset (3rd November, 1813) contained these 
 words : — " It is our will and pleasure that you, or in your 
 absence, our Lieutenant-Governor, or the person for the 
 time being having the government of the said settlement, 
 shall have the power of collating to benefices, granting 
 licences for marriage and probates of will, commonly called 
 the office of Ordinary. But it is our express will and 
 pleasure, and you are hereby directed and required not to 
 grant deputations for the exercise of the said powers to any 
 person or persons whatsoever in the said settlement under 
 your government." This was repeated in almost the same 
 words in the instructions to Sir Lowry Cole in 1828 ; but it 
 is not in the instructions of any Governor since that time. 
 An oflficial report of the regulations of the Colony, for- 
 warded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies (June, 
 1 847) states that " with respect to the English Church the 
 Governor was, hi the absence of a BhJioj), e.c ojjlcio the 
 Ordinary." In this case the title should have been discon- 
 tinued immediately on the arrival of Bisliop Gray ; whereas 
 we find it continued by Sir H. Smitli and even by his 
 successor, Sir G. Catlicart, though appointed after tlie crea- 
 tion of tlie See. Judge Watermcyer* was of opinion that 
 the title had been continued in the proclamations from the 
 earlier date without any authority. 
 
 * lt<])ort of Long ca«o, p. 134. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 13 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 1808-1811. 
 
 Clercjy. 
 
 Eev. Robert Jones, B.A., Jan., 1807— Feb., 1817. 
 Laurence Hynes Halloran, D.D., Nov., 1807 — June, 1810. 
 
 The next three years are rendered notorious by the career 
 of a remarkable clerical inij)ostor. This was a person 
 styling himself the Eev. Dr. Halloran, who, though it was 
 afterwards discovered, not in Holy Orders at all, was for 
 three years Chaplain to the Forces in Capetown, and exer- 
 cised all the functions of a priest. Born at Eatoath in 
 Ireland, in 1765, he had, from his twentieth to his thirty- 
 second year, kept a school near Exeter, which was in very 
 great repute, and at which Sir E. Gifford, afterwards 
 Solicitor- General, was one of his pupils. He asserted that 
 he had been ordained by the Bishop of Ossory, and in 
 November, 1797, was appointed Chaplain of H.M.S. 
 La Fomjpee, under Admiral Vashon, a post which he held 
 until October, 1798. In 1799 he was an unsuccessful can- 
 didate for the mathematical mastership at Christ's Hospital, 
 and in July, 1800, he obtained the degree of Doctor in 
 Divinity by diploma from King's College, Aberdeen ; hono- 
 rary degrees being at that time granted by the Scotch 
 Universities in a very loose manner, usually upon the simple 
 recommendation of two persons known to some members of 
 the Senate.* 
 
 * I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Anderson, Assistant Eogistrar 
 of the University of Aberdeen, for the following extract from the MS. 
 
14 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 Halloran next ajipcars coiuliictiiig for a sliort time a 
 Kaval trainiug school iu Scotland Yard, imdcr tlio patronage 
 of the First Lord of the Admiralty. During the years 
 1802-1803 he was at the Hague in Holland, and in June, 
 1803, was appointed Chaplain and Secretary to Admiral Lord 
 Kortliesk on board H.M.S. Britannia. In that capacity he 
 M'as present at the battle of Trafalgar,* and commemorated 
 the glories of that victory and the death of Nelson in a 
 poem of some merit. During part of the j^ears 180G-1807 
 he resided at Bath, where he introduced himself to the 
 notice of the Rev. E-ichard AVarner, then in sole charge of 
 the j)arish of St. James, Bath, who, in his " Literary Recollec- 
 tions," gives the following account of this period of Halloran's 
 career: — "I had observed among my auditors a gentleman 
 of striking, but not prepossessing appearance. From his 
 garb I suj)posed him to be a clergyman. His large black 
 eye was intelligent but fierce ; and not rendered less so by 
 the broad brow of the same hue, which surmounted it. His 
 strongly marked features indicated capacity of mind and 
 force of understanding ; but there existed no trait among 
 tliera that could allure to confidence or excite esteem . . . 
 He came to Bath and settled in my parish for the sake of an 
 invalided member of his family, and was very desirous to 
 
 records, vol. xiv. p. 18 : — " King's College, 2G July, 1800. Convened 
 the principal, Sir Ak-x. Bainiorman, Dr. IMaci^herson, and Mr, Scott. 
 Said day the University conferred the degree of Dr. in Divinity upon 
 the llev. Tiawrencc Hyncs Halloran, clergyman of tlic Church of 
 England, who.sc moral character and literary qualifications were 
 certified by llev. Drs. Crowtlier and Ellicombc, beneficed clergymen in 
 Devonshire, and several other respectable clergymen, and ordered 
 a diploma to Ijo signed accordingly. — (Signed) Hod"*. Maclcod, 
 Princ'." 
 
 * He told Mr. "Warner that " the commander of tlie ship requested 
 liim to repeat the word of command through a speaking trumpet 
 • hiring the engagement: an office for wliieh Halloran was well 
 qualified, from the extraordinary strength and clearness of his voice." 
 — Warner's "Literary Ivccollcctions" (1830), vol. ii. p. 298, note. 
 
English Church Historj in South Africa. 15 
 
 ligliten the labours of the parochical minister, as well as to 
 exercise the functions of his own sacred profession ... I 
 accepted his offer and requested him to fill my pulpit on the 
 ensuing Sunday morning. The congregation were charmed. 
 The Doctor's voice was magnificent, his delivery energetic, 
 his sermon admirable. He continued to assist me in my 
 parochial duties, and I found him to be a man of consider- 
 able scholarship and great general information. His fame 
 as a reader and preacher echoed through Bath ; and the 
 late Archdeacon and Eector of Bath, Dr. Phillott, requested 
 me to introduce him to this clerical prodigy. I did so ; the 
 Archdeacon was as much struck as myself with the stranger, 
 who repeatedly displayed his oratorical powers from the 
 pulpit of the Abbey Church."* After some time, however, 
 the Archdeacon heard that their powerful ally was an 
 impostor, and had never taken orders. On being challenged 
 to produce his letters of orders, Halloran could show 
 nothing more than papers purporting to be for deacon's 
 orders only. Being thus detected he suddenly quitted Bath, 
 leaving, it is said, certain unpleasant memoranda on several 
 tradesmen's books. 
 
 He then obtained the appointment of " Chaplain to his 
 Majesty's Military and Naval Forces at the Cape," where 
 lie arrived in November, 1807, superseding Mr. Jones, who 
 was however, upon General Grey's representation, allowed 
 to remain and assist in the duties of the camp and outposts 
 at Simonstown and Stellenbosch. 
 
 In January, 1808, Halloran opened a private school at his 
 residence. No. 3, Burg Street, and in February introduced a 
 Sunday Evening Service, notifying to the residents that 
 under the sanction of the Governor and by permission of 
 the Eeverend the Ministers of the Reformed Church Divine 
 Service will be performed every Sunday evening at six 
 
 * Ho also kept a school on Sion Hill, at a house which he called 
 Trafaljiar House. 
 
1 6 English CJnirch History in South Africa. 
 
 o'clock ; and that two hours every Tuesday and Saturday 
 afternoon will be devoted to the instruction of their children 
 in the princij^les of the Christian religion and the Catechism 
 of the Church of England, at the Yestry Koom of the 
 Eeformed Church. He also states that an accurate register 
 is kept of christenings, marriages, and funerals, of which 
 an authenticated transcript will be forwarded annually to 
 Doctors' Commons. The evening service was not a success. 
 The author of a now somewhat rare pamphlet* says that 
 Halloran, " though he was in the pulpit eloquent, animated, 
 and impressive, could rarely assemble a congregation of 
 twenty persons at this service ; " and it was not continued 
 by his successors. With regard to registers, it is remark- 
 able that the volume of that date in St. George's does not 
 contain a single entry by Halloran (though the Gazettes 
 abound in advertisements of baptisms, and marriages 
 solemnized by him), the only entries being by Mr. Jones, 
 who signs himself " Chaplain to the Forces encamped and 
 out-posts ; " sometimes, " Chaplain of Brigade." It would 
 appear from this that Mr. Jones retained the custody of the 
 original register, and that Halloran kept a register of his 
 own. Indeed from the very first there seem to have been 
 gome suspicious or grounds of disagreement between Jones 
 and Halloran : a letter from the Eev. J. Gamble, Chaplain- 
 General fGth April, 1808), states that the Commander-in- 
 Chief had written to General Grey that Mr. Jones might 
 receive pay for the time he had acted, but that ho could not 
 be continued in Capetown, but was aj^pointed to the camj)s 
 and out-posts, and that his interference witli Dr. Halloran 
 should be put a stop to. 
 
 In May, 1808, Halloran published, for gratuitous distri- 
 bution, a sei-mon prcaclied by him " before the British Army 
 at the Cape, on the guilt of dishonesty in its various 
 
 * "State of the; Cajic of Good Hope in 1822," by AV. "NVilhc-rforeo 
 13ird, Escj., thougli he has not given \i\a name to it. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 17 
 
 degrees, on its usual incentives, and present and future 
 punisliment," — a subject upon which we shall see he was 
 qualified to speak with the authority of personal experience. 
 Another sermon, preached by him on the death of Nelson, 
 was, at the special request of several respectable inhabi- 
 tants, translated into Dutch and published. Halloran 
 seems to have been popular with the civilians in Capetown, 
 for in December, 1808, when some differences arose between 
 him, the Governor, and the Admiral, thirty-six inhabitants, 
 members of the English Church, testify that he had dis- 
 charged all the professional duties of Colonial Chaplain for 
 the civil inhabitants by regularly performing divine service 
 twice every Sunday, by due administration of the sacra- 
 ments, by visiting the sick, burying the dead, in the most 
 exemplary, impressive, and edifying manner, highly credit- 
 able to himself and equally beneficial and satisfactory to the 
 congregation, who therefore earnestly solicit that he may be 
 continued as their Minister. The following Christmas 
 (1809) they presented him with £75 for the purchase of a 
 piece of plate " as a testimony of the high respect and 
 regard for his character and conduct, and of their grateful 
 sense of his zeal and exertions for the promotion of religion 
 in this Colony.-' 
 
 In May, 1810, he was appointed by the School Com- 
 mission, 'Rector Gymnasii, or Principal of the classical school 
 in Capetown, for a period of three years, at a stipend of £75, 
 and £45 for house allowance. On this occasion he issued an 
 advertisement referring the public for his abilities and 
 attention as a teacher to the progress made by those pupils 
 who have already been upon his private establishment, and 
 adds that "ho feels a conscious and he trusts a laudable 
 pride in alleging that of the former students whom he 
 educated in England, several at this period fill high and 
 honourable situations in their respective professions, whose 
 names he has the gratification to observe not unfrequently 
 mentioned in the public prints as deserving well of their 
 
 
 
1 8 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 country." His emoluments at this time were estimated as 
 amounting altogether to £1,200 a year. 
 
 But Dr. Halloran's successful career of imposture was 
 drawing to a close — at least in South Africa. At the begin- 
 ning of 1810 a duel had taken place between Halloran's 
 intended son-in-law, Capt. Eyan, and Paymaster Pat alio, 
 both of the 93rd Ecgiment, when the latter was wounded. 
 Capt. Kyan and his second were brought to a court-martial 
 by order of General Grey, and as the only barrister in the 
 Colony was retained for the prosecution. Dr. Halloran wrote 
 their defence. The appearance of Kyan's antagonist and his 
 second as witnesses before the court-martial excited somo 
 indignation, which was so strongly felt by Halloran that, 
 on Mr. Patullo being proposed as a member of the Harmony 
 Club, he wrote to the Committee (11th June, 1810), with 
 warm expressions of censure towards Mr. Patullo, and with- 
 drew his name from the Society. 
 
 General Grey, considering Halloran's interference as 
 inconsistent with the character of a clergyman, as likely to 
 promote discord in the army, and as a defiance of his autho- 
 rity and endeavours to suppress duelling, marked his dis- 
 approbation by ordering Halloran to remove from Capetown 
 to the out-rxuartcrs at Simonstown. This letter was received 
 on the day upon which Halloran entered upon his duties as 
 'Rector Gjjmiiafiii, and not choosing to give up this lucrative 
 office he resigned his Military Chaplaincy until His 
 Majesty's pleasure should be known. He still claimed, how- 
 ever, to be a Naval Chaplain, having been appointed Cliaplain 
 to the Lcnjmrd as long as tliat vessel was on this station, 
 and signified his intention of applying for the use of a 
 church or chapel in which to perform Divine service for 
 the Naval Department and civil inhabitants.* The civilians 
 
 * In thi.s it would appear lie was surrcssful, for notices of baptism.s 
 solemnized ]»y liim, generally on Sundays, are found in the (iazetto 
 until the end of September. It would prohidjly bo during thia period 
 that he preached his famous sermon — the tradition of wLicli btill 
 
English CJuirch History in South Africa. 19 
 
 also i^etitionecl tlie Governor tliat Halloran might be con- 
 tinued in Capetown, but tbe request was refused on the 
 I)lea that it would interfere with General Grey's arrange- 
 ments. 
 
 After a warm altercation Halloran finally gave vent to 
 his anger in a series of libellous poems and scurrilous 
 anonymous letters, signed " Toby Tickle," in which the 
 General was accused of various acts of tyranny and im- 
 morality. On the 30th July (1810) General Grey asked 
 the Governor for a public Crown prosecution of Halloran 
 for libel, and the Fiscal, Mr. (afterwards Sir John) Truter, 
 was directed to institute legal proceedings before the High 
 Court of Justice against Dr. Halloran for writing, com- 
 posing, and publishing infamous libels* against the Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor of the Colony. The High Court of Justice 
 was a survival from the days of Dutch East Indian rule, 
 remodelled by the English Government. It consisted of 
 seven burghers, chosen from the most respectable inhabi- 
 tants of the town, with salaries attached to their office. 
 The Fiscal or Public Prosecutor and the Secretary of the 
 Court were supposed to possess legal knowledge ; the latter 
 pointed out what the law was, and judgment was passed by 
 a majority. The proceedings were always conducted with 
 closed doors ; there was no oral pleading or confronting the 
 accused with witnesses; the evidence was taken down on 
 oath before two commissioners, and afterwards read to the 
 
 lingers in Capetown— from the text 2 Tim. iv. 14, " Alexander the 
 coppersmith did me much evil ; the Lord reward him according to his 
 ■works ;"— Alexander being the family name of Lord Calcdon, whoso 
 relation, Mr. H, Alexander, was also at the time Colonial Secretary. 
 
 * The libels complained of consisted of a poem entitled Bughear 
 Ko. 1, or Hamilton's Ghost, founded on the circumstances of a suicide 
 for which General Grey was alleged to have been to blame ; a ballad 
 entitled TJie Grey Friar of Northumberland and the Frail Nun of 
 S. Austin, being a parody on Alonzo the Brave, &c. ; and a satiric poem 
 called Ca2-)(e)-ahiUties. They display no small amount of keen but 
 virulent talent. 
 
20 English CJinrcJi History in Sonth Africa. 
 
 Court. An appeal lay to the Governor, assisted by asses- 
 sors, and in criminal cases this appeal was final.* 
 
 Before this Court Halloran appeared on August 9th. He 
 I)rotested against its jurisdiction on the ground of its being 
 a Dutch Court, and incompetent to judge of an English 
 poem, and appealed to the King in Council. He also 
 claimed to be Chaplain to a ship of war " with j^erpetual 
 leave of absence," and as such to be tried by court-martial. 
 Part of his defence consisted in abuse of Mr. Jones, whom 
 he accuses of being a deserter from tlie Eoyal Navy, a cock- 
 fighter, a horse-racer ; he asserts that the men of the 83rd 
 Eegiment had the greatest objection to any religious cere- 
 mony being performed by Mr. Jones, and constantly aj^plied 
 to him (Halloran) for his services. He also wrote to Sir 
 D. Dundas, then Commander-in-Chief in England, enclosing 
 certificates alleging sundry charges against Mr. Jones. One 
 from the Clerk to the Chaplain of Brigade states that in the 
 administration of baptism Mr. Jones " omits every part of 
 the ceremony prescribed by the ritual except the prayer con- 
 secratory of the water, and the baptismal formula, and 
 that he had deputed the Clerk to bury the dead." Another 
 states that at Stellcnbosch Mr. Jones had omitted four of 
 the commandments and afterwards joked witli tlie ofiicers at 
 mess on the subject ; wliile Mr. John Osmond testifies that 
 on one occasion upon arriving at Simonstown just in time 
 for service Mr. Jones boasted in very profane language that 
 he liad ridden from Capetown in two hours and twenty 
 minutes. t 
 
 * The members of the " Anglo-Batavian " Court at tlio trial were 
 D. S. van Ry no vol (I (Prcsidciit) ; IMcssr.s. IMiitliioscn, Slrul)l)crp:, Flock, 
 r. J. Truter, Diomfl, mid W. Iliddin^'h ; J. A. Triitor, Fi.^cnl ; ]?(!laarts 
 van Bloklund, Secretary. The Governor's assessors in tlio Appeal 
 Court were II. Alcxiindcr, Colonial Secretary, and G. Kekewieh, 
 Surrogate Judge of the Admiralty Court. 
 
 t In another letter IIalU)ran says that " General Grey's si)iritual 
 director (liimself the essence of evangelical purity) rcsemhlea too 
 much the ])dil maitre Clergyman of Cowj)er to he ca]»al)le of the 
 uncourticr-like rudeness 'ever to mention hell to ears indite.'" 
 
English CJutrcJi History in South Africa. 2i 
 
 The proceedings in the High Court dragged on their 
 weary length for three months. On the 8th November 
 Halloran delivered his defence in person. He does not 
 deny the charges, but endeavours to extenuate his conduct 
 by charging General Grey with tyranny and injustice, 
 j)leading that Mr. Jones while Chaplain to the outposts, had 
 been allowed to reside in Capetown, but that lie had been 
 ordered to withdraw to Simonstown, on the very day on 
 which he began his duties as Eector of the Latin School, 
 because the General wished to ruin him. He gives his 
 name as Laurence Halloran,* Clerk, Doctor of Divinity, 
 and Chaplain ; born at Ratoath, in Ireland, and now in his 
 forty-fifth year. 
 
 He was found guilty, and the sentence of the court, pro- 
 nounced on December 13th, was, for the libel, to be banished 
 the Colony, and to pay the costs : and for his disrespectful 
 conduct to the court during the trial, to be fined fifty dollars 
 (£3 15s.), and to be imprisoned until there was an oppor- 
 tunity of sending him out of the Colony. The execution of 
 this sentence was deferred pending an appeal which was 
 dismissed by the Court of Appeal (January oOth, 1811), 
 and he was then imprisoned. He addressed memorials and 
 letters | to Lord Caledon, praying for a mitigation of his 
 sentence. The English residents also memorialised the 
 Governor on his behalf (4th February, 1811), and presented 
 Halloran with 1200 dollars (£90) as a testimony of grati- 
 
 * His full name, Laurence Hynes Halloran, is given in the Gazette 
 of May, 1812, wliich contains the notices of sales in his insolvent 
 estate. He is sometimes spoken of as O'Halloran, but lie never used 
 the O himself, and during his career at the Cape his name invariably 
 appears simply as Laurence Halloran, 
 
 t The tone of his letters was at first very humble, but when he 
 found that they were of no avail he became insolent. In one letter ho 
 reproached the Earl for " insulting a gentleman whose family was old 
 and reputable in Ireland long before the rice was planted from wiiich 
 sprang the dishonourable wealth of this upstart Caledon." 
 
22 English Church History in SoutJi Africa. 
 
 tmlc and esteem for the important benefits wliicli tliey and 
 their families, had derived from his professional services. 
 He was, however, kept in prison until the Gtli March, when 
 he was sent on board the prize frigate La 3IancJie, and 
 reached Portsmouth in May. He at once prayed Lord 
 Liverpool for redress, but Mr. Peel replies that the con- 
 sideration of the circumstances must be postponed until the 
 arrival of Lord Caledon and General Grey, who were shortly 
 expected in England. His ai^plicatious to the Treasury for 
 the free jDassage home of his wife and family, and to the 
 Commander-in-Chief for the trial of General Grey by court- 
 martial, were equally unsuccessful, and he then published 
 a full account of the proceedings at the Cape, ajjpealing to 
 the public with his usual vehemence for redress, and con- 
 cluding with a scurrilous " epithalamium on a recent 
 marriage in high life," namely, that of Lord Caledon. 
 
 Meanwhile it had become known that Halloran was not 
 in Holy Orders, no such person having been ordained by 
 the Bishop of Ossory. This fact excited so much uneasiness 
 that, by command of the Prince Pcgcnt, the opinion of the 
 law officers of the Crown was taken as to the validity of 
 the marriages solemnized by him.* The opinion, dated 
 Doctors' Commons, 18th December, 1811, and published in 
 the Cape Gazette of 29th May, 1812, was as follows : — 
 
 * I have botn told by the Capetown Librarian, Mr. F. ]Maskcw, that 
 Halloran was thought to have destroyed, before his conviction, tlio 
 registers he liad kept; and that in consequence, a gcntkinan (Mr. 
 Proctor) wlK)ia he had baptized was nearly losing an inherituncc in 
 England, having no baptismal certiflcate to produce, had not a well- 
 known oflicial, Mr. IMestaer, who had been present at the baptism, 
 made an affidavit which was accepted in lieu of the certificate. The 
 only signature of Ilallomn's I liavc met with is in the St. George's 
 register (Oct. 1810), where he signs as one of the witnesses to his 
 daughter's marriage by ^Ir. Jones. The autogra})h is a singularly 
 good one, indeed Mr. Warner, in his before-quoted " Literary Recol- 
 lections," says, " His handwriting was the most beautiful I ever 
 beheld." 
 
English CImrch History in South Africa. 23 
 
 " May it please tour Lordship, 
 
 " We are honoured with your Lordship's letter 
 of the 23rd ult"''', referring to a former communication 
 respecting doubts which have been excited at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, on the validity of certain marriages solemnized 
 there by a person styling himself Dr. Halloran, and 
 signifying the commands of H.K.H. the Prince Eegent that 
 we should state our opinion on the validity of such mar- 
 riages, for the purpose of removing any doubts that may 
 still exist and quieting the minds of the inhabitants thereon. 
 In obedience to your Lordship's directions we have con- 
 sidered the same, and are humbly of opinion, in all the 
 circumstances of the case, that the marriages solemnized at 
 the Cape by the person officiating as a clergyman under 
 assumed or forged orders cannot be vitiated or invalidated 
 in any manner by the defect of the Holy Orders of Priest- 
 hood imputed to him. We have the honour to be, 
 
 " C. KOBINSON. 
 « P. GiBBS. 
 
 «' T. Plumer. 
 " The Earl op Liverpool, &c." 
 
 In the meantime Halloran was pursuing a career of 
 imposture in England almost as successful as that at the 
 Cape. Under a borrowed name he officiated as Curate of 
 the parish of Wootton Underedge in Gloucestershire. 
 Here he was detected by his peculiar manner of pronounc- 
 ing the word hallowed in the Lord's Prayer; — hollowed 
 instead of hallowed, — and on his former patron at Bath, 
 Mr. Warner, proceeding to the parish for the purpose of 
 identifying and exposing him, it was found that he had 
 suddenly decamped. He next assumed the name of L. 
 Blakeney, A.M., and was curate of Thornden and Bedding- 
 field in Suffolk in 1813, and under the same name was suc- 
 cessively Curate of Lechladc in 1814, and Curate and 
 Lecturer of Dursley in 1815. In the last cajiacity ho 
 
24 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 preacLed and j^ublisbcd a sermon at tlie annual visitation 
 of the Deanery of Dursley by the Archdeacon of Gloucester. 
 Here he was again detected by a visitor from Bath, and as 
 he soon after rendered himself obnoxious by his propensity 
 to lampooning, an exposure took place and he again sud- 
 denly disappeared. This clerical Proteus, next appeared 
 under the name of Holland as Curate of Warbleton in, 
 Sussex, and finally, in 1817, under the name of Gregory, as 
 Curate of Brosely in Shropshire.* This last engagement 
 proved fatal to him, for though it is said he was highly 
 valued by the inhabitants, he became on unfriendly terms 
 wdth his rector. Dr. Townsend Forrester, who accordingly 
 laid information against him for having forged the signa- 
 ture of Sir W. Garrow, M.P., as a frank to a letter, whereby 
 the post office revenue was defrauded of tenpence ! Upon 
 this charge ho was indicted at the Old Bailey in September, 
 1818, as Halloran cdias Gregory. On his trial he persisted 
 in pleading guilty, because he said the only j^erson who 
 could establish his innocence was dead. The forgery had 
 been committed in January, 1817, and he observed that the 
 charge would not have been brought against him but for a 
 subsequent quarrel with his rector, the person who had 
 received the letter, and who had been the promoter of this 
 novel prosecution, the first under the statute. Ho was sen- 
 tenced to seven years' transportation. On searching his 
 residence, copper plates were found for counterfeit letters 
 of orders, and impressions of them in great numbers, some 
 of which were filled uji witli the necessary official names for 
 any part of Kngland : lie had also plates and blank impres- 
 sions for AVales and Ireland. The Bishop of London 
 obtained from him a complete account of the forgeries ho 
 had practised, and Halloran, when taxed with these, pleaded 
 that "if the means were wrong, the end was beneficial and 
 
 * Haydn's "Diet, of Dates" (a. v. Tramjiortatlon) says lio was tutor 
 to the Earl of Chcaterlicld (George, sixth earl, b. IfclOo, d. 1815). 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 25 
 
 praiseworthy." From his prison in Newgate he addressed 
 a memorial to Lord Sidmouth praying for a mitigation of 
 his sentence ; he also published a poem, Neivgate, or Desul- 
 tory Shetclies in a Prison, which he dedicated to his former 
 puj)il, Sir E. Gifford, dated Infirmary, Newgate, Nov. 6th, 
 1818. His sentence was, however, carried into effect, and 
 he was banished to New South Wales. Here he established 
 a magazine, and produced some other literary works ; but he 
 again got into trouble for a series of libellous letters, 
 signed " Aristides," in the Sydney Gazette of 1826. He 
 died in New South Wales, 8th March, 1831.* 
 
 * Appendix A. 
 
26 English CJiurch History in South Africa. 
 
 CHA.PTER IV. 
 
 lSll-1819. 
 
 Clergy. 
 Capetown. 
 
 Colonial. 
 
 Eev. Robert Jones, Oct. 1811 
 
 —Feb. 1817. 
 Eev. George Hough, Feb. 
 
 1817—1847. 
 
 Military. 
 Eev. M. A. Parker, July, 
 
 1811— Feb. 1813. 
 Rev. J. S. Hewett, April, 
 
 1815—1816. 
 Eev. N. E. Dennis, April, 
 
 1816— Dec. 1822. 
 
 SlMONSTOWN. 
 
 Eev. George Hough, Sept. 1813— Feb. 1817. 
 Eev. Thomas Ersldne, Oct. 1818— Sept. 1819. 
 Eev. G. W. M. Sturt, Sept. 1819— Aug. 1830. 
 
 It has already been stated that, during the career of the 
 2)seudo Dr. Hallorau, the Eev. R. Jones remained at the 
 Cape as Chaphain to the outposts. He officiated as Chap- 
 lain to the Forces in Capetown from Halloran's resigna- 
 tion in July, 1810, until the arrival, in July, 1811, of the 
 Eev. M. A. Parker as Military Chaplain ; and a note in the 
 register records that it was delivered over by Mr. Jones 
 to Mr. Parker on the 2nd July, 1811, and kept by him 
 subsequently to that date. 
 
 On the 3rd October, 1811, the Eev. Eobert Jones * was 
 
 ♦ There is some douU wlietlior this was the same Rev. R. Jones wlio 
 had been in the Colony since 1807. The signatures in the register do 
 not appear to be the same : the earlier signs R. (sometimes R. E.) 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 2J 
 
 appointed by the Governor, Sir J. F. Cradock, " Cliaplain to 
 the British Colonial Civil Establishment," becoming thus 
 the first Colonial Chaplain ; and kept a separate register of 
 baptisms, marriages, and burials, which is also in St. George's 
 Cathedral. Both military and civil still, however, met for 
 worship in the Dutch Church — the two Chaplains, we may 
 suppose, dividing the not very onerous duties ; and as much 
 inconvenience was caused by the officials not having regular 
 seats allotted to them, the Governor, at Mr. Jones' request, 
 personally inspected the state of the pews, and allotted them 
 according to a table of strict precedence, ranging through 
 the gradations of military, naval, and civil ranks, from 
 "H.E. the Governor" down to "such gentlemen of the 
 civil service as are not otherwise provided for." * His 
 Excellency also directed the whole of the pews to be 
 numbered, in order that such of the British inhabitants of 
 the town as wished it might have fixed seats appropriated 
 for them. 
 
 In 1812 the small-pox appeared at the Cape and raged 
 for a time with such virulence that all public places were 
 
 Jones, " the later always Robert Jones," and in a more delicate hand. 
 Then there is no occurrence whatsoever of the name from July, when 
 the registers were handed over to Mr. Parker, to October 6th, when 
 Robert Jones began to keep the second register. Again, the characters 
 of the two men seem different. It is diflicult to suppose that there 
 was no ground for the charges, however exaggerated, brought by 
 Halloran against R. Jones of profanity and indiifereuce ; whereas 
 Robert Jones was distinguished for zeal, especially in educational 
 matters. But on the other hand I can trace no evidence that R. Jones 
 left the Colony between July and October. The newspaper advertise- 
 ments of marriages are the same in both cases, "by the Rev. Mr. R. 
 Jones," and it seems extremely improbable, that in those days of few 
 clergy at the Cape, two should have borne the same name, especially 
 since there was another Reverend William Jones, B. D. Chaplain to 
 II. M.S. i/on on the station. On the whole I incline to the opinion 
 that it is one and the same Robert Jones. 
 * Gazette, 2nd November, 1811. 
 
28 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 closed, and even divine worsbij) was sus2)ended in all 
 churches from the 17th of March until the beginning of April. 
 This visitation, following upon tLe shocks of earthquakes 
 in 1809 and 1811, caused great alarm and produced a 
 considerable imj^ression upon the minds of many of the 
 inhabitants, leading them, it is said, to greater diligence 
 in attending and promoting religious worship. Sunday, 
 October 11th, was directed by the Governor to be set apart 
 as a day of thanksgiving " for the speedy termination of an 
 evil which threatened such terrible consequences." It was 
 jirobably as an act also of Thanksgiving that the Governor 
 now rej)ealed a law of the Dutch East India Company which 
 in its consequences had obstructed the progress of Chris- 
 tianity. This was a resolution taken by the Governor in 
 Council at Batavia (10th April, 1770), that slaves who had 
 been catechized and confirmed in the Christian religion 
 should not be sold. This law, intended for the promotion 
 of Christianity, had been attended with the contrary effect, 
 and, at " the suggestion of one of the most pious and active 
 of the sacred profession" (no doubt Mr. Jones), it was 
 repealed by Proclamation of the 9th October, 1812. The 
 Governor also addressed a circular letter (14th Jauuary, 
 I813j to the Ministers of the Dutch and Lutheran Cliurches 
 in the Colony, drawing their attention to the rc2)eal, and 
 urging them to use their influence to subdue false prejudices 
 and long-accustomed errors. At the same time the Govern- 
 ment resolved to build an English Church at Simoiistown, 
 and called for tenders lor its erection. 
 
 In Fe]>ruary, 1813, the Military C]ia2)lain, Mr. Parker, 
 returned to England, leaving Mr. Jones the only clergyman 
 in the Colony until the arrival, in September, of tlie liev. 
 George Ilough, ]\I.A., Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, 
 who was ai)pointcd Chaplain at Simonstown.* 
 
 * By Government advert i.scmcnt, 24th Soptcinhcr, iSlu. Tlic- 
 rcgiaters at Siiuoustowu begin on the 20th of December. 
 
English C/uirch History in South Africa. 29 
 
 Mr. Jones took great interest in educational matters, and 
 found an influential supjDorter in the Governor, Sir John 
 Oradock, through whose active exertions a fund was raised 
 in 1813 by voluntary contributions throughout the Colony. 
 The objects of this fund were to provide for an enlarged 
 circulation of the Scriptures, and for the religious education 
 of the poor by means of free schools on the Monitorial (Bell 
 or Lancastrian) system, which had already been introduced 
 into the garrison schools. The fund was to be administered, 
 and the schools superintended, by a central commission, to 
 be called the " Bible and School Commission," of which the 
 Governor was patron, and the Colonial Secretary, the 
 English and other clergy ex officio members. Official 
 minutes explanatory of the scheme were issued by Govern- 
 ment and by the Commission. 
 
 The result of this movement was the establishment in 
 Capetown (in Long Street, afterwards removed to Kecrom 
 Street) of a free school, on the Bell or Lancastrian system, 
 opened on the 13th September by Sir John and Lady 
 Theodosia Cradock. Very interesting addresses were 
 delivered on this occasion by the Governor and Mr. Jones,* 
 who also presented a portrait of Dr. Bell to the school. 
 
 Mr. Jones was also deputed by the Bible and School 
 Commission to make a tour through the country for the 
 purpose of assisting in the formation of schools on this 
 system. He visited the Moravian Institution at Genadcndal, 
 and expressed his satisfaction at the state of the school 
 
 * The addresses were published in the Gazette of 18th September, 
 1813. A sermon preached by Mr. Jones (14th March, 1813), On the 
 advantages of a religious education, was translated into Dutch and 
 published at the request of the Governor. There is another published 
 sermon of his, On the universal charity of the Gospel (lOtli January, 
 1813). He also preached a special sermon on behalf of the Bible 
 and School Fund (3rd November, 1810), when a collection was 
 made (" under sanction of H. E. the Governor "), which amounted to 
 Kds. 520 (£39). 
 
30 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 there, but objected to its being kept in the cliurcb. Being 
 informed that the Missionaries had not the means of building 
 a school-house, he immediately set on foot a subscription, 
 Xmtting down his own name for rds. 1 00 (£7 10s.), and, by 
 his zealous exertions, in a short time procured upwards of 
 1400 rixdollars, to which several handsome donations, from 
 Sir J. and Lady T. Cradock, the Bible and School Com- 
 mission, the Lutheran Church and others, were afterwards 
 added. Tlie foundation of the school was laid on the 11th 
 February, 1814, and it was opened in July.* 
 
 It was during the year 1813 that the Dutch Church bells 
 were allowed to be rung for the English service. " To 
 prevent the uncertainty and disappointment heretofore felt 
 and comjolained of resj^ecting the time of attending the 
 English Church on a Sunday morning, as soon as the Dutch 
 congregation leaves the church, until the arrival of the 
 military the bells will cliimo, and after their arrival, one 
 bell will toll until half-j^ast eleven o'clock, when Divine 
 service begins." 
 
 In June, 1813, the prayer ordered to be said in England 
 during the Regency of the Prince of Wales, was published 
 for use in this Colony : and Wednesday, 1st September, was 
 appointed to be observed as a public day of fasting and 
 humiliation " to the intent that we may humble ourselves 
 before Almighty God to obtain remission of our sins ; and 
 in the most solemn and devout manner oflfer up our common 
 jirayers for averting those judgments which our manifold 
 provocations have most justly deserved ; and also to beseech 
 the Divine aid and blessing towards the success of His 
 ]\Iajesty's arms, both by sea and land, witli tliosc of his 
 allies, and for the restoration of peace and prosperity to 
 Jlis Majesty's and their dominions." The special prayer 
 used on this occasion, and the form of thanksgiving directed 
 
 * Lntrobo, ".Tonrnal ofii Visit to South Africa in 1815-10," p. :]30 ; and 
 Holmes' " Missions of tho United lirctlircn," p. 408. (liondon, 1 8'27, 8vo.) 
 
English CJntrch History in South Africa. 31 
 
 to be read in all churches within this Settlement for two 
 successive Sundays (January 2nd and 9th, 1814,) for the 
 victory of Vittoria, are published in the Gazette. 
 
 On February 26th, 1814, it was ordered by Government 
 advertisement that the banns of all marriages, English and 
 Dutch, intended to be solemnized according to the forms of 
 the Established Church of England were in future to be 
 published in an English Church in this Colony, "as banns 
 are now j)ublished in the Dutch Church." This seems to 
 imply that all banns of marriage had hitherto been published 
 only in the Dutch, as the quasi-Established, Church. 
 
 On the oth April, 1814, the new Governor, Lord Charles 
 Somerset, arrived, and was accompanied by the Rev. John 
 Short Hewett, M.A.,* who had been appointed Chaplain to 
 the Forces in succession to Mr. Parker. On Sunday, 24th 
 April, being the day after St. George's Day, the newly-built 
 church at Simonstown was opened for Divine service. This 
 was the first English church in South Africa, and was 
 called St. George's. It was situated in the centre of the 
 town, on a site now occupied by a school-house, but was so 
 badly built that it fell to ruin not long after its completion. 
 The parsonage house which still exists was built at the same 
 time, but was seriously damaged by heavy rains in 1819. 
 There were now three clergymen in the Colony : Mr. Jones 
 and Mr. Hewett in Capetown, and Mr. Hough at Simons- 
 town; but in September Mr. Jones went to England on 
 leave, Mr. Hewett becoming acting-Colonial as well as 
 Military Chaplain. 
 
 Mr. Jones had been authorized by the Bible and School 
 Commission (of which he was a member) to promote, while 
 in England, their views and interests by establishing 
 
 * Mr. Howett was Fellow of Clure College, Caml)ridgo, B.A., 1803 ; 
 M.A., 1806. On his return to England in 181(5 he was appointed to 
 the College living of Eotherhithe. He was D.D. 1824 ; Ecctor of 
 Ewhurst, Sussex, in 1825, and died in 1835. 
 
32 English Church History in Sonth Africa. 
 
 relations with similar institutions in England, and procuring 
 a suj^ply of Dutch Bibles direct from Holland. He returned 
 to the Colony as Dr. Jones (D.D.) in March, 1816— Mr. 
 Hewett leaving soon after for England — and did not find 
 that the cause of education had prospered during his 
 absence. At the public examination of the Free School 
 (1st May, 1816) he noticed and lamented the inadequacy of 
 the funds to answer the twofold object in view, and impressed 
 upon the public the necessity of increasing the annual sub- 
 scriptions. 
 
 In February, 1817, Dr. Jones resigned his Chaplaincy 
 and went back to England. He was succeeded as Senior 
 Colonial Chaplain in Capetown by Mr. Hough, whose post 
 at Simonstown was temporarily filled by a new arrival, the 
 Eev. N. E. Dennis, M.A., Chaplain to the Forces. 
 
 In March, 1818, the Governor, by virtue of his authority 
 as Ordinary, announced that in consequence of the numerous 
 applications made to him to dispense with the banns of 
 marriage being called, he had resolved to grant special 
 licences upon a stamp of Eds. 200 (£15) to such persons as 
 had appeared before the Matrimonial Court and obtained 
 the necessary certificate of the intended marriage being 
 unobjectionable. The word " special " is here evidently a 
 misnomer ; the licence being the ordinary marriage licence, 
 simply dispensing with the publication of banns, which all 
 English Lishops have by common and statute law the right 
 of granting, and which the Governor was empowered by 
 Letters Patent to grant. An observation occurs here as 
 to the encroachment of tlie civil power upon the Church's 
 rights. That which was originally an Episcopal authority 
 to dispense witli the Church's law as to tlie publication of 
 banns having first been conferred upon Lay Governors, 
 and finally by Act of Colonial rarliament (the Marriage 
 Licence Act, 1882), transferred to the magistrate of each 
 division. 
 
 A more imj)ortant event in the scanty annals of this 
 
EiiglisJi Church History in South Africa. 
 
 JO 
 
 period was an earnest attempt to arouse the attention of the 
 Cliurcli at home to the spiritual wants of the Colony. Sir 
 Jahleel Brentou, Commissioner of the Navy, in travelling 
 from Capetown to the Knysna through the districts of 
 Oaledon, Swellendam, and George, was much impressed by 
 the heathenish state of the slaves and the religious desti- 
 tution of the scattered settlers. He addressed a letter 
 (24th March, 1818j to the Bishop of London,* in which he 
 earnestly expressed his conviction of the necessity of ex- 
 tending the influence of the Church of England, and so 
 diffusing the knowledge of the Gospel. Having spoken of 
 the ignorance and spiritual privations of the farmers and 
 the evils of the slave laws, he instances the success of the 
 Moravian Mission at Gcnadendal as affording the strongest 
 encouragement to similar efforts being made by the Church 
 of England ; and records his " conviction that one amiable, 
 benevolent, and consistent clergyman of the Church of Eng- 
 land would in the course of a very short time produce 
 effects equally salutary not only on the poor destitute inha- 
 bitants of the Colony, but that his influence would extend 
 to the wealthy farmer and his dependents." His scheme 
 was that by way of experiment, a clergyman should be sent 
 out with a limited number of poor families from England, 
 iind established in the vicinity of the Knysna, Mossel Bay, 
 and Breede River, upon land to be granted by the Govern- 
 ment for church and glebe, and for distribution amongst 
 free persons, Europeans or coloured, wdio were to be assisted 
 at first with a small portion of capital, to be repaid by 
 instalments. He enumerates the advantages which would 
 result from such establishments. By building and endowing 
 a church. Government w'ould be able to sell the contiguous 
 land and so recover all the exioenses ; by sending inha- 
 bitants from England the chief want of the Colony — popu- 
 lation — would be supplied, while numbers of destitute 
 
 * Appendix I>. 
 
34 English C J lurch History in South Africa. 
 
 persons in the motlier-countiy would be provided for, and 
 tlie poor rates relieved ; and above all tbe Christian religion 
 would be promoted in the Colony. 
 
 It was possibly this interesting letter which led to the 
 British Settler scheme of 1820, but nothing was done by 
 either of the Church Missionary Societies for the conversion 
 of the coloured races until 1821. 
 
 The Eev. Thomas Erskine, M.A., arrived in 1818, and 
 was appointed Chaplain at Simonstown, — Mr. Dennis re- 
 turning to Capetown as Chaplain to the Forces, which jiost 
 he held, living at Zonnebloem, until his dej^arturc from the 
 Colony in 1822. It was during Mr. Dennis's Chaplaincy 
 that the present Garrison Chapel in the barracks was set 
 apart for the j^erformance of Divine service for the military 
 (January, 1819), and the public was informed that hence- 
 forth there will be ample space in the church {i.e.^ the 
 Dutch) for all persons desiring to attend the services held 
 by the (Colonial Chaplain. But this arrangement was soon 
 interrupted. In July, 1810, Mr. Hough went to England 
 on leave, and was absent two years. For the first three 
 months his place was taken by tlie Eev. George William. 
 Milner Sturt, B.A., who was residing in the Colony for his 
 health. But in Se2)tember Mr. Erskine * resigned the ( 'hap- 
 laincy of Simonstown, to which Mr, Sturt was aj^pointed, 
 and Mr. Dennis was loft alone in Capetown. Conse(i[uently 
 the military again attended Divine service in the Dutch 
 Church, but it was notified that tliore was still sufficient 
 accommodation for the English inliabitants and for strangers. 
 
 While acting as Colonial Chaplain in Capetown, Mr. Sturt 
 took 2)art in tlie ceremony of laying the foundation-stone of 
 the Commercial Exchange f 25tli August, 1819), and " in an 
 eloquent and impressive prayer, which was listened to with 
 profound attention, invoked the Divine blessing on the 
 
 * The Ik'V. T. Ki^kine wa.s Vi<';ir of I'riglilon, Dt'rl»yHliire, from 
 ]821 to 1805. 
 
English Church History in Soiith Africa. 35 
 
 unclertaking, deprecating all trifling divisions wliicli miglit 
 weaken the work ; and, alluding to the situation of the 
 people of this quarter of the globe, prayed that the mild, 
 unassuming, but beneficent spirit of our holy religion might 
 proceed as a day-star to its benighted inhabitants." * 
 
 * Iieport of the proceedings in Gar.cttc, 4th September, 1819. 
 
 D "J 
 
36 English Church History in Scnth Africa. 
 
 CHAPTER Y. 
 
 1820— 182G. 
 
 Capetown. 
 mUtaru (1807). 
 
 Rev. N. Pi. Dennis, 181G- 
 
 1822. 
 Ptev. F. Fallows (acting), 
 
 1823. 
 Ptev. T. Ireland, 1824. 
 Pcv. H. Collison (acting), 
 
 1821-1825. 
 Pcv. B. C. Goodison, 182C- 
 
 1832. 
 
 Colonial (1811). 
 Pvev. C. Hough, 1817-1817. 
 
 SlMONSTOWN (1818). 
 
 Rev. G. W. M. Stiirt, LSIO- 
 1830. 
 
 Clo'i/u. 
 
 Bathdrst (1820). 
 
 Rev. W. Boardmau, 1820- 
 1825. 
 
 Clan WILLIAM (1821). 
 
 Rev. F. McClelland, 1821- 
 
 1825. 
 
 Wynbeug (1821). 
 Rev. W. AVriglit, 1821-1828. 
 
 Pout Elizabeth. 
 
 Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 
 1853. 
 
 Gu.UIAMSTOWN (1823). 
 
 Rev. W. Geary, 1S23-1824. 
 ]{ev. T. Ireland, 1821-1827. 
 
 The state of tlio Cliurcli at the Cape at tliis time is well 
 described in a jjaniphlet which has before been quoted. 
 " The English have no churcli, and the service is 2)er- 
 formed, hy permission, in the Dutch Calvinistic churcli. 
 Tlierc are two Knglisli Chaplains, one civil, and the other 
 juilitary, both of whom read prayers and preach every 
 Sunday morning. No Church service is performed in the 
 afternoon or evening, nor on Saints' Days or Week-days ; 
 nor have the tolling of the bells at the churches, or the 
 
English CJinrcJi History in Sonih Africa. 37 
 
 cxamj^Ie of tlie Cape Dutch Predil-ants, and the aiDpearance 
 of the town with closed shops, been of sufficient force to 
 nrge the members of the English Church to a full per- 
 formance of their clerical duty ; and the whole congregational 
 Church devotion of the English at the Cape is confined to 
 three hours on the day of Sabbath, except on Christmas Day 
 and on Good Friday. The Sacramental Service takes place 
 every three months. The civil Chaplain does the surplice 
 duty for the civilians and the military for the army. Their 
 emoluments exceed the medium value of livings in England, 
 particularly those of the civil Chaplain (£700 sterling per 
 annum j, which are very ample if considered as a remunera- 
 tion for the duty performed. The Clergy at the Cape have 
 been and are men of learning and piety, and not without 
 zeal ; but none of them appear to have preached conviction 
 to the minds of their congregation that an attendance on 
 evening Church Service is a necessary part of Christian 
 duty. . . . The times are now more favourable to 
 devotional exercises, and who can deny it to be the duty of 
 a Minister of the Gospel to have Church service twice on a 
 Sanday, as ordained by the rubric, and once on prescribed 
 Saints' Days ; or who can say, if opportunity were given, 
 how much grace might abound ? The English congregation 
 at the Cape is numerous ; the soldiers attend by regiments, 
 and their martial music adds to the solemnity of the ser- 
 vice.* . . . There is also a church at Simonstown 
 with a Colonial Chaplain (whose stipend is £350 besides 
 surplice fees), so those of the English who are disposed to 
 attend Divine worship have the means within their reach 
 every Sunday.''! 
 
 * There was no organist for the English services until June, 1820, 
 Avlien Mr. James Gregory was appointed by Government. 
 
 t "State of the Capo of Good Hope in 1822," p. Go (London, 
 IMurray, 1S23, 8vo.). That the emoluments derived from the " surpliee 
 fuos" were not inconsiderable will appear from the following table of 
 
2,S EiiglisJi CJinrch History in South Africa. 
 
 "We might Lave supposed that the Church in this Land 
 would have been roused into activity by the addition to the 
 numbers of English inhabitants of nearly 4000 persons, the 
 British Settlers of 1820. Each party of a hundred families 
 had the privilege of selecting a clergyman of any Christian 
 denomination, whose salary was to be paid from the public 
 funds ; but only two parties were accompanied by a clergy- 
 man of the Anglican Church. The one, a party mostly of 
 Irish under Mr. William Parker, ex-Mayor of Cork, had 
 selected the Rev. Francis McClelland, B.A., of Trinity Col- 
 lege, Dublin, and settled at Clanwilliam ; but as the place did 
 not suit them, the party was broken up and its members be- 
 came scattered throughout the Colony, Mr. McClelland being 
 removed in 1825 to Port Elizabeth, and the work of the 
 English Church at Clanwilliam was not resumed until 1857. 
 
 Another party, Wilson's, was accompanied by tlie Eev. 
 William Boardman, wlio Leld tLe first service at Batliurst 
 in August, 1820, and was the clergyman of that place, 
 
 fees fixed by the Government, as allowed to bo made by the CLaplains, 
 Clerks, and Sextons of the several English Churches : — 
 
 Minister. Clerl: 
 .V. d. s. d. 
 For a marriage out of churcli, or not on 
 
 Sunday 15 ?> 
 
 Forabaplisni IT) :; 
 
 For a burial 7 (! 1 G 
 
 For a churching 10 10' 
 
 For a certiticate of the publication of the 
 
 banns of marriage 10 1 (» 
 
 For a certificate of marriage, if demanded ... 10 10 
 
 For a certificate of baptism, do 10 10 
 
 For a certificate of burial do 1 (» 1 
 
 By the same regulation, the Sexton is authorized to demand a fee ot 
 Ty. 0(7. for each gi-avc he may be required to prejtare. 
 
 This table of fees remained in force until altered by the IJishop and 
 a Synod of Clergy held at I'rotea in 184!S, when the present table of 
 fees, confirmed by the Diocesiin Synod of 1.S80, wns adopted. 
 
English Cluirch History in Sotith Africa. 39 
 
 officiating also occasionally at Grahamstown.* He is said 
 to have been a good scholar and an amiable man, but 
 unfortunately the Church under his Ministry pined away 
 and almost came to nought. He kept a private school at 
 Bathurst, where he died in 1825, leaving a family, on whose 
 behalf a public appeal was made. 
 
 The head of a third party, Mr. Wilkinson, was the son of 
 an Essex rector, and was accompanied by eight of his 
 father's parishioners, to each of whom a Bible and Prayer- 
 Book was given on leaving the parish. Many others among 
 the Settlers must have been members of the English 
 Church ; but in consequence no doubt of the feeble planting 
 and unworthy exhibition of the Church, the Wesleyan body 
 under the able and energetic William Shaw spread through- 
 out the Eastern Province ; and hence for many years that 
 part of the Colony in which the English population was 
 proportionately the largest, was the part in which the 
 English Church was both numerically and spiritually the 
 weakest. 
 
 The only attempt made in the Colony to provide for the 
 spiritual needs of the new comers was the establishment in 
 August of the African Bible and Tract Society, one of 
 whose objects was the distribution of Bibles and the English 
 Prayer-Book, as well as of undenominational tracts. The 
 joint Secretaries were Mr. Dennis and Dr. Philip of the 
 L.M.S. 
 
 In January, 1821, Mr. Hough returned, and in June was 
 appointed 'Rector Gynmasii, or Principal of the Classical 
 School.j An important addition to the small number of the 
 
 * Before a clim-ch was built at Grahamstowu services were held in 
 the open square on which St. George's now stands. 
 
 t There is a published sermon by ]\rr. Hough, " On Evil-speaking " 
 (St. James iv. 11), preached in the English Church, Cui)ctown, on 
 Sunday, August 2Gth, 1821, and published at the request of the 
 Actio g-( Governor, Sir R. Donkin; the profits were for the Settlers' 
 Fund. His only other publication during his long Chaplaincy of 
 
40 English CJiurcJi History ift South Africa. 
 
 clergy in the Colony was the Eev. Fearon Fallows, M.A., 
 F.R.S., a distinguished mathematician, who arrived in 
 August, 1821, as Astronomer Eoyal of the newly-founded 
 Observatory. Mr. Fallows resided at Zorg-en-lust, in the 
 Gardens, until the completion in 1828 of the present 
 Observatory, where he had a private chapel in which 
 services were regularly held.- He also officiated frequently 
 for the clergy in and near Capetown, and was in 1823 
 acting Military Chaplain. He died in Capetown on the eve 
 of his return to Europe in July, 1831, aged 43. 
 
 It was in this year (1821) that ihc S.P.G. began its work 
 in South Africa. Nine Societies were in the Mission Field, 
 but the English Church had as yet done nothing for the 
 coloured races, except that a few prize negroes and liberated 
 slaves had been baptized by the Chaplain in Caj^otown, 
 especially in the years 1815 and 1818. But it does not 
 appear that any pains were tahcn to instruct those so bap- 
 tized ; indeed, it is said that in some cases they could not 
 even speak English ; and they soon became dispersed, witbout 
 any knowledge of real Christianity. The Rev. William 
 Wriglit, M.A.jf Missionary of the S.P.G., arrived in March, 
 1821, and opened a School at Wynbsrg for coloured 
 children, and established a Sunday morning service in a 
 temporary chapel (22nd July). With regard to his selec- 
 
 tbii-ty years was a scrinoii " On the Duty of Submission \o Lawful 
 Authority," preached at tlie IMilitary Cliapel, 2oth NovcniljLT, 1825, 
 and published at the request of Lord Charles Somerset. 
 
 * Baptism was administered there in 182S, and a marria.i^o solenniiz.d 
 in 1S30. 
 
 t The "ingenious "Wri^'ht" of Tringle's "Emigrant's Cubin at the 
 Cape," who says in a note " now Dr. Wright, a gentleman of no ordinary 
 acfpiirenients in Biblical erudition, of which he has given a valuable 
 proof in his tr;inshilion of Seiler's 'llermeueutics' with notes. He re- 
 sided for ten years at the Cape in the service of the S.l\(i., and was 
 the only clergyman of the Church of England during my residence 
 there, who was friendly to the freedom, or active in promoting the 
 improvement of the coloured classes." 
 
English Church History in Sonth Africa. 41 
 
 tion of Wynberg as the centre of Lis Mission work, it was 
 sarcastically remarked tliat, "being sent to convert tbe 
 heathen, and being a conscientious man, bound by his 
 engagements to direct his efforts where there was most need, 
 he commenced his duties by a i^reference not very comj^li- 
 mentary to this part of the Colony, the summer resort of the 
 fashionables of the Cape." * 
 
 Next year another Mission school was established in 
 Capetown for coloured free and slave children, and 
 maintained for some time by Mr. Wright at his own 
 expense. 
 
 Lord Charles Somerset on his return to the Colony 
 (December, 1821) proceeded to undo much that the Acting- 
 Governor, Sir Eufane Donkin, had done during his absence. 
 As part of this policy he removed the seat of the Magistracy 
 of Albany from Bathurst to Grahamstown, which was thus 
 raised from a mere military post into an important centre 
 of the Eastern Province. A movement was at once made by 
 the inhabitants to obtain assistance towards building a 
 church. The Governor had anticipated their wishes, and 
 had obtained, when in England, a grant of £500 from the 
 S.P.G. for this purpose. The Government also contributed ; 
 and in July, 1823, tenders were called for by Mr. Eivers, 
 Landdrost of Albany, for the erection of a church at 
 Grahamstown, the present St. George's. The Rev. William 
 Geary was appointed Civil and Military Chaplain (April, 
 1283), and was furnished with a private list in the 
 Governor's own writing of obnoxious individuals with whom 
 he was cautioned to have no intercourse whatever. f It 
 contained the names of Major Pigott, Messrs. Campbell and 
 D. Moodie, who were supposed to be leaders of the strong 
 opposition which was then arising in the Eastern Province 
 to the arbitrary and unjust acts of the Governor. As is 
 
 * " State of the C. G. H. in 1822," p, G4. 
 
 t Pringle's " Narrative of a Itesidence in South Africa," p. 307. 
 
4- English ChurcJi History in South Africa. 
 
 well known, the many complaints against Lord Charles* 
 administration led to the appointment of a special commis- 
 sion of inquiry to investigate tlie affairs of the Colony. 
 When the Commissioners arrived at Graliamstown (5tli 
 February, 1821), a number of tlie inhabitants assembled and 
 testified their joy b}^ firing off gans and illuminating the 
 town. Mr. Geary's house was one of the first illuminated, 
 and he himself was accused of being out in the streets, 
 cheering the mob most loudly, and swinging his hat over 
 his head in a manner very indecorous (to say no more) 
 in a clergyman.* Mr. Geary denied the truth of these 
 statements, except in so for that his house had been 
 illuminated, and forwarded to the Governor letters from 
 certain inhabitants testifying that the charges against 
 him were false, highly injurious, and scurrilous. The 
 letters were published in the Gazette,\ but at the same 
 time he was reported to the Secretary of State, by whose 
 instructions he was (October, 1824) removed from his 
 clerical employment in the Colony. The Eev. Thomas 
 Ireland, M.A., Military Chaplain in Capetown, was ap- 
 ])ointed Chaplain i>ro tempore at Grahamstown ; and the 
 Eev. Henry Collisou, M.A., who had been residing in the 
 Colony since 1820, became Military Chaj^lain in Capetown. 
 During I\[r. Ireland's brief tenure of the Military Clia2)laincy 
 in Capetown, a set of Altar vessels was 2)rovided for the 
 Garrison Chapel ; the Assistant-Commissary-General calling 
 for tenders for supplying " one chalice or cup to contain a 
 quart (silver), one salver twelve inches in diameter (plated) 
 with silver edge." J These vessels are still preserved, 
 though not now generally used, and the chalice bears tlio 
 inscription : " Ecclcsia) Militari, admodum vcre Anglicano), 
 oppidi Capcnsis, hie calix consccratus est Dig"'". Dom"". 
 
 * liCtter ill Gazetle, 21st February, l!^24. 
 t Mmcli i:Uh and 20tli, 1824. 
 X Gazette, 21st February, 1824. 
 
English CJuirch History in South Africa. 43 
 
 C. H. Somerset, Praeposito ; Eev. T. Ireland Presbytero, 
 A.D. 1824." 
 
 Mr. Wright was among tliose who incurred the Governor's 
 disj)leasure. The Mission school, which he had founded in 
 Capetown and maintained for more than a year at his own 
 expense, was taken out of his hands by the Colonial Govern- 
 ment in October, 1823, and exhibited to the Commissioners 
 of Inquiry as an institution established by the Government 
 itself for the instruction of slave children. Pringle says 
 that this was only one scene of the extraordinary farce 
 which was then performed, and in which several grave 
 functionaries, lay and ecclesiastical, acted the degrading 
 parts assigned to them with a view to mystify the Commis- 
 sioners. Mr. Wright, who was too free of speech to be 
 made a political tool in these disreputable transactions, and 
 who, on the contrary, furnished most useful information to 
 the Commissioners, became an object of bitter persecution. 
 Injury and insult were heaped upon him in the Colony, and 
 he was moreover studiously calumniated to his own Society 
 in England, by whom he was thereupon charged with 
 having formed connections with persons ill-affected to the 
 Church, merely because he kept company and sat in com- 
 mittees with such persons as Dr. Philip and Mr. Fairbairn. 
 
 At this time the rising village of Port Elizabeth began 
 to bestir itself to obtain a Church and School. A memorial 
 was addressed by the English inhabitants to the Governor, 
 who promised a school, but regretted that want of funds 
 2)revented the Government from building a church. A local 
 committee was therefore appointed and a subscription 
 opened for building a church to be used " for mutual accom- 
 modation " by the Church of England in the morning, and 
 by the Dutch in the afternoon.* 
 
 The examples of Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth seem 
 at last to have roused the members of the Church in Capc- 
 
 * Gazeite, February 20th and 22ik1, 1824. 
 
44 English CJinrch History in South Africa. 
 
 town, and *' well-directed zeal seemed disposed to cany into 
 effect the building of a cliurcli and to embrace the S2)lendid 
 offer of pecuniary assistance from the Home Gevernment."" 
 A correspondent wrote at the time : " We rejoice that our 
 Episcopal church, which is hallowed by the highest anti- 
 quity, which stands coeval with the era of national happi- 
 ness, and has descended to us with unbroken veneration, i& 
 about to plant its standard in some eligible spot in this 
 ca2)ital. After a lapse of nearly twenty years' quiet jiosses- 
 sion of this Colony, an indifference to this matter any longer 
 would become highly criminal. The mother-country offers 
 at least £10,000. We trust every facility will be afforded 
 f<u' securing a suitable site, and that private interests will 
 give way to public utility. Above all, it is most satisfac- 
 tory to hear that aj)pro2Driate seat room will be made for the 
 2)oor and the slave population. If w'e except the slave 
 .school under the sole direction and sujqiort of the Dutch 
 inhabitants, very little religious instruction has as yet been 
 afforded to the slaves in town, but we arc glad that under 
 sober and legitimate direction this important part of the 
 l)oi)ulation will be visited by a paramount good." A 
 churchyard and a school for church education, as well as 
 '• a ring of bells," are also suggested.* An influential 
 committee was appointed (May, 1821), and it was proposed 
 to raise the required sum by letting the pews at an annual 
 ri'iit sufficient to i)ay the interest on the capital borrowed. 
 The i^ews were to be divided into first, second, and third 
 class to accommodate six, four, and three persons at a rent 
 of 50, 40, and oO dollars respectively, or a single sitting of 
 each class 10, 8, or G dollars. It was not deemed requisite 
 to accept any dimations towards the capital. This i)roposal 
 excited considerable attention, and there appeared every 
 readiness on the part of the public to avail itself of the 
 facilities held out. Many, however, regi'ctted that a system 
 
 * ^'. A. C. Aih-ertifer, Feb. 25, 1S25. 
 
English C J lurch History in South Africa. 45 
 
 of classification was proposed in sucli a way as to confer a 
 sort of heraldic distinction en those whose wealth or power 
 might be uppermost. It was argued that there were many 
 worthy people in Capetown whose wealth was not equivalent 
 to admit them to the scales of degrees, but who were good 
 Church people. Another objection was that no mention 
 was made of free sittings for the poor.* These objections 
 and other circumstances of a painful nature caused the j)ro- 
 posal to be abandoned, and it was not revived until 1827, 
 although the number of Churchmen was rapidly increasing. ^ 
 Hitherto the English clergy and laity had co-operated 
 with the African Bible and Tract Society ; but at a meeting 
 of English Churchmen (30th Aug., 1824) it was resolved 
 that, in order to j^romote among the English population of 
 this Colony a sj)irit of attachment to the Church of Eng- 
 land as by law established, an association be formed under 
 the designation of the Cliurch of England Fraijcr-Booh and 
 Tract SomeUj to distribute gratis, and sell at reduced prices, 
 Prayer-Books and tracts recommended by the S.P.C.K. No 
 test of admission was imposed beyond an annual subscrijD- 
 tion of Eds. 10 or life subscription of Bids. 100 ; and at 
 first Presbyterians joined with Churchmen in the Society ; 
 but in 1827, either through the effects of accident, or 
 because the Presbyterian subscriptions formed a very small 
 amount, the Society was placed upon a new footing, being 
 incorporated as the Cape of Good Hope District Committee 
 
 * " A rra,i;-ment of Church History at the Cape of Good Hoi:)e " 
 (Bridckirk, Capetown, 1827), page 59, note. This is a pamphlet, con- 
 taining an account of tlie building of the Scotch Church in Capetown, 
 but the notes give a few circumstances connected with the rise and 
 progress of the English Church in the Colony. It is in the Capetown 
 Library, bound up with a number of other Cape pamphlets. 
 
 t At Wynberg the services were still held in the " Cottage Church.'* 
 On the night of the 3rd June, 1824, the Vestry was broken into, and a 
 lawn surplice, a black silk cassock, gown and hood, belonging to 
 Mr. AVright, stolen. 
 
46 English CJuircJi History in South Africa. 
 
 of tlic S.P.C.K., and tlius necessarily confined to members of 
 tlie Anglican Cliurcli. 
 
 In April, 1825, the Governor granted a plot of ground at 
 Port Elizabeth for the CliurcL, towards tlio building of 
 which subscriptions were being raised throughout the 
 Colony ; and in November the Ecv. F. McClelland was 
 removed from Clanwilliam and appointed Colonial Chaplain 
 at Port Elizabeth. 
 
 The other clerical changes of the year arc the arrival 
 ( 2ud May) of the Picv. Edward Judge, M.A., of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge — then in Deacon's Orders — as Master 
 of the Classical School in Capetown ; and the death (lOth 
 August) of the Rev. W. Boardman at Bathurst, the Chap- 
 laincy remaining vacant for three years. During the early 
 part of the year Mr. AYright, the S.P.G. Missionary at 
 Wynberg, made an exploratory tour through the various 
 Missions in Kafirland, perhaps with a view of establishing 
 a Church Mission in those parts.* 
 
 The Royal Commissioners of Inquiry presented an 
 elaborate report in 1826, recommending many important 
 and beneficial reforms in matters j)olitical, judicial, and 
 financial : which were not, however, all adopted. Only one 
 of their suggestions need be mentioned here. There existed 
 a sum of upwards of £18,000, known as the Church Fund, 
 which had arisen from bequests and donations, from church 
 collections, from fines and collections formerly made on 
 board Dutch s]iii)s during the voyage to the Cape, from 
 burial fees, jiew rents, fees on the emancipation of slaves, 
 from a tax upon building allotments, and in the district of 
 Uitcnhage from a tax upon licences for cutting timber and 
 for collecting salt. The interest of this fund had hitherto 
 been applied to the support of the poor of the Dutch 
 
 * It was durinj^ tlii.s tour tliut lie vihitcJ the Chief I3otina, who 
 asked him if it wn^ from the Bi])le that Englisliinen h.ariit to plunder 
 tlie Kafir.s of their cattle. Mr. Wri'^'ht ac'uiu visited him in 1830. 
 
English Church History in SotUh Africa, 4/' 
 
 Church only, but tlie Commissioners considered that, as 
 these funds had been partly raised by taxes levied on the 
 inhabitants generally, the benefit of the fund should no 
 longer be applied to the maintenance of any one church. 
 They therefore recommended that, after appropriating 
 £5000 for the establishment in Capetown of a general 
 infirmary for aged and indigent persons the balance should 
 be placed in the hands of trustees " selected from the clergy 
 of the several Protestant churches " to aid the erection and 
 repairs of churches throughout the Colony ; — £500 being 
 afforded in every instance in ^Yhich a sufficient sum could be 
 raised by the inhabitants, the Government also granting 
 £500 for the object ; — on condition that the church so built 
 should be considered open to the use of either the Ej)iscopal 
 or Presbyterian community, the salary for the clergyman 
 being also granted by Government. This recommendation, 
 it need hardly be said, was not adopted. Capetown and 
 Simonstown are mentioned as places where churches are 
 more particularly required by the English and Scotch 
 inhabitants, but the Commissioners were of opinion that 
 those buildings should be erected by means of subscriptions 
 among the inhabitants themselves, aided by contributions 
 from the Home Government. 
 
 The Military Chaplaincy in Capetown had been tem- 
 porarily served since Mr. Ireland's removal to Grahamstown 
 in 1824, but it was now (Oct. 1826) filled by the arrival of 
 the Eev. B. C. Goodison, M.A., who held the appointment 
 until his death in 1832. 
 
48 English Church History in SontJi Africa. 
 
 Capetown. 
 miltanj (1807). 
 
 IJev. B. C. Goodlson, 182G- 
 1832. 
 
 Colomal (1811). 
 Ptcv. G. Hough, 1817-1847. 
 
 SiMONSTOWN (1813). 
 
 CHAPTEE YI. 
 
 1827-1830. 
 Clerrjy. 
 
 I Bathurst (1820). 
 
 Vacant 1825-1828. 
 Rev. W. Wright, 1828-1830. 
 Rev. G. S. Porter (acting), 
 
 1830-1833. 
 
 Wynberg (1821). 
 Rev. W. Wright, 1821-1828. 
 Rev. B, C. Goodison (acting). 
 
 Grahamstown (1823). 
 Vacant 1827-1830. 
 Rev. W. Carlisle, 1830-1838. 
 
 Port Elizabeth (1825). 
 Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 
 1853. 
 
 Rev. G. W. 31. Stiu't, 1819- 
 
 1830. 
 Rev. C. Wimberley (acting), 
 
 1830-1831. 
 
 AVe come now to the first attempt to jirovule some sort of 
 episcopal oversight for the (^liurch in South Africa. Since 
 the erection of the See of Calcutta in 1814, two prelates 
 (Bishops Middletpn and Hebcr) had successively undertaken 
 iind Kunk under the disprojiortionatc burden of that vast 
 Diocese, comprising the whole of the Asiatic empire, and 
 extending over 20 degrees of latitude by as many of hnigi- 
 tude.* The Cape of Good Hope was not formally included 
 in this enormous Diocese, but as the Church lierc had never 
 hitherto enjoyed the benefit of any episcopal visit, the 
 Secretary of State for the Colonies (Lord (ioderieh) thought 
 it advisable that (»n the appointment of Bisho]) James a 
 
 * In 1823 thcro was fiddt-d 1o tlu; liisliop of Ciileuttii's .Turi.sdictioii 
 *'all places between the Cape of (Jood Hope and 3Iay;<'llan's Straits." 
 
English Church History in South Africa, 49 
 
 si^ecial commission should be issued from the Crown autho- 
 rising him to commence his episcopal functions at the 
 Cape.* Official intimation was sent to the Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the proposed visit of the Bishop of Calcutta 
 on his way to India, " for the purpose of conferring con- 
 firmation upon the British youth of the colony," and 
 announced by Government notice in the GazeUc.\ Notices 
 were also issued by the Lauddrosts of the Cape and Stellen- 
 bosch districts inviting the British youths who wished to 
 avail themselves of this opportunity of receiving confirma- 
 tion to give in their names to the Wardmasters or Field- 
 cornets, or at the Lauddrost's oflice ; and to bring certificates 
 from the Ministers of their districts that they were duly 
 qualified to receive such confirmation. The Chaplains in 
 Capetown and Simonstown also fixed days upon which they 
 would be ready to examine candidates. 
 
 Bishop James arrived in Table Bay on Monday, 14th 
 October, 1827, accompanied by his Chaplain, Mr. Knapp. 
 On Wednesday, the 18th, several gentlemen met to discuss 
 the proposals for the erection of an English church, to be 
 afterwards submitted to a public meeting. The Bishop was 
 present, and it was resolved to take advantage of the 
 favourable opportunity of the Bishop's presence in the 
 Colony, and open a subscription for the building of a 
 church to hold 1000 persons — three pews being reserved 
 for the Governor, the clergyman, and the churchwardens, 
 and 300 free sittings for the poor. The Bishop stated that 
 the Home Government was willing to sanction the transfer 
 of the ground for a site, and to grant one-half the expense 
 of completing the church ; and that he himself would give 
 £75 from S.P.C.K. funds at his disposal. The building 
 was estimated to cost £10,000, and with the hope of raising 
 the half, subscriptions were to be opened on the following 
 
 * " Memoirs of Bishop James," by his son, (Hatcliards, 1830.) 
 t Gazette, August 23 and September 7, 1827. 
 
^o EnglisJi C /lurch History in South Africa. 
 
 scale : For i^ews to contain six persons, £25 ; four persons, 
 £20 ; single sittings, £10. The pews were to be granted 
 for twenty-one years from tlie opening of tlie Cliiircb, and 
 renewable for a similar period by the original holder, or his 
 next of kin or representative in the Colony. The Governor 
 was asked to grant a site at once in order that it might be 
 consecrated during the Bishop's stay. There were to be 
 eleven trustees, including the Governor, the Chief Justice, 
 and the Colonial Secretary, the remaining eight to be chosen 
 by the subscribers. A building committee of nine was to 
 be elected by ballot, and the plans of the church were to be 
 approved by the trustees and committee jointly. It was 
 also resolved to apply to the Honourable East India Com- 
 pany for a grant in aid. 
 
 On Sunday, 21st October, the Bishop preached at the 
 English service, and on Monday, at 11 a.m., confirmation 
 was administered to 450 persons, including the military and 
 some converts from other Churches. The same afternoon, 
 at 3 o'cloclv, a public meeting was held in the Exchange. 
 The right reverend chairman, after congratulating the meet- 
 ing on its numbers and respectability, spoke of the diffi- 
 culties which had formerly im2)eded the erection of an 
 English church in Capetown, and said it would be wise 
 and decorous for the sake of Christian peace and charity to 
 bury in oblivion all former circumstances of a painful 
 nature ; to make diligent use of the pre.'cut advantages, and 
 look forward with feelings of grateful anticipation to the 
 final accomplishment of a work which well deserved to be 
 near the heart of all who heard him. A feeling existed in 
 England very favourable to the design, and he was instructed 
 by Lord Goderich to mentifjn that if the Colonists showed 
 an anxiety for the object in view, and evinced such a feeling 
 by their subscriptions, the (jroverument were disposed 
 to assist them by laying down an equal sum with that sub- 
 scribed by individuals. Ilis Lordshij) liere read a letter 
 •which he had received from the Lieutenant-Governor rela- 
 tive to the site. He reminded the meeting of the obligations 
 
English CJntrcJi History in South Africa. 51 
 
 of the members of the English Church to the Consistory 
 of the Dutch Reformed Church for the use which they had 
 enjoyed during many years of a sanctuary for the perform- 
 ance of divine worship, and in conclusion earnestly exhorted 
 the friends of the English Church to be active and per- 
 severing in their endeavours to promote the chief object of 
 the meeting; and under any event to remain immovably 
 attached to the pure doctrines, ordinances and discipline of 
 the Church of their forefathers and of their native land — 
 that venerable Church, based on the foundation of Christ 
 and His Apostles, watered with the blood of its sainted 
 martyrs, its Cranmers, its Latimers, and its Eidleys ; and 
 defended by such ornaments of the religious world as a 
 Bacon, a Hooker, a Barrow, a Leslie, and a Law.* 
 
 The resolutions agreed upon at the private meeting were 
 adopted, and trustees elected, and a subscription list opened, 
 to remain open until November 1st, when a committee was 
 to be elected. On Tuesday, October 23rd, the Bishop con- 
 secrated the site upon which St. George's now stands, as well 
 as the burial ground in the Somerset road, and sailed for 
 Calcutta on the 26th.'|- A fresh difficulty as to the building 
 of the church seems, however to have occurred, and a 
 meeting was called on the 20th November to re-consider the 
 resolutions passed in October ; and although £2,500 had 
 been subscribed, tenders called for, and applications invited 
 for the post of clerk of the works, the scheme fell to the 
 ground for the next two years. J 
 
 Mr. Ireland left Grahamstown in October, 1827, and does 
 
 * This report is abridged from an unfinished account of the pro- 
 ceedings in the Gazette of November 9th, 1827, sent by a correspondent 
 who signs " A Member of the Church of England." There is also a 
 shorter report in the Z. A. TydscJirift for 1827. 
 
 t From the Cape Bishop James also addressed a pastoral letter to 
 the few inhabitants of the island of Tristan D'Acnnha. (Memoirs). 
 
 X " We look in vain for the Episcopal Church. Like the Jews of 
 old, her servants seem to take more pleasure in the rubbish and stones 
 of their temple tlian in the perfect structure. A convenient site has 
 
 !•: 2 
 
52 Engl is Jl CJiurch History in Sonth Africa 
 
 not apjiear to Lave returned,*" so that for some time 
 Mr. McClelland at Port Elizabctli was the sole rejiresenta- 
 tive in the Eastern Province of the English Church. For,. 
 although ]Mr. Wright was aj^pointed Chai)lain at Bathurst 
 in January, 1828, he did not enter upon his duties there 
 until October, 1829, continuing to ofiiciate at Wynberg 
 (and occasionally at Drooge Vlei) ; nor did he make any 
 provision for the discharge of the duties of the chaplaincy 
 which he had accepted, and of which he enjoyed the sti2:)end. 
 Meanwhile, the people of Bathurst themselves were taking 
 steps towards building a church, at a public meeting held 
 in AjDril, 1829. 
 
 A third and at last successful ejBfort to build an English 
 church in Capetown was now made. At a public meeting 
 held on the 27th August, 1829, it was resolved that the 
 former scheme of raising money by subscriptions should be 
 relinquislied, and that the sum of £G,250 should be raised 
 in 250 shares of £25 each. This sum, added to the £5,000 
 granted from the treasury of the Colony, and £820 in hand 
 from former subscriptions and donations, would amount to 
 £12,070, the estimated cost of a building to be called 
 St. George's Church. Directors, and a committee of 
 managers, were appointed, and in a few days all the shares 
 were taken. On the let September, an ordinance, drawn U2> 
 by Mr. Justice Burton, was passed by the Governor and 
 Council (No. 4, local) for authorising a sum to be raised in 
 shares for erecting an English church at Capetown.^ The 
 work of the foundation was at once begun upon the conse- 
 
 Lcen granted them, and we sec at last a bridge over the gutter in 
 front, and within the enclosure some rubbish and a few stones. All 
 other clashes have phices of worship. The Episcopalians alone remain 
 lukewarm and drowsy, witliout emulation, slumbering under a borrowed 
 roof." (-S'. A. a Adi, 23id ]\Iay, 182f).) 
 
 * Mr. Ireland died in Ceylon, where he was Chaplain tu the Forces^ 
 20th January, 1S:]2. 
 
 f Appendix C. 
 
English Church History in SontJi Africa. 53 
 
 crated site, but the formal laying of the foimdation stone 
 did not take place until the following April. 
 
 Only two years had elapsed since the visit of Bishop 
 James, and now in the same month his successor in the See 
 of Calcutta, Dr. Turner, arrived in Simon's Bay. The 
 Bishop made but a short stay, arriving with Lord Dalhousie 
 on October 8th and leaving on the 19th. His Lordship 
 preached in the reformed Church in Capetown on Sunday 
 evening, October 11th, to the English congregation, and 
 held a confirmation on Sunday the 18th, when 180 candidates 
 were presented. In less than three years a third Bishop of 
 Calcutta was here. A choir of singers was at this time 
 formed under the new organist, Mr. Corder, and made its 
 first appearance on Christmas Day. But Tate and Brady's 
 metrical Psalms were found to be an obstacle to these 
 iittempts at improving the vocal music, and Juhal in the 
 C G. H. Literavij Gazette (Jan. 1831) suggests that "as we 
 are not under the thumb of any power in this Colony 
 greater than that of our own officiating Chaplain in spiritual 
 matters, a selection of Psalms and Hymns should be made 
 by the Chaplain."* 
 
 Even now the building of St. George's was not making 
 much progress, for in February, 1830, the following jeu 
 d'esp'it appeared : — 
 
 The Church in danger (of not heuig hiiilt). 
 For shame, for shame episcopalians, 
 Outdone by other pious battalions ! 
 Cliapels, conventicles, and public places, 
 Round Capetown raise their shining faces, 
 Whilst the poor, dear, old Mother Cliurch, 
 Is left completely in the lurch. 
 What is the reason that she stands so still ? 
 Tlie reason's plain — Committee want the will. 
 
 Ajien — D. 
 
 * Tate and Brady's version continued in use, however, except for a 
 short time during Mr. Lamb's chaplaincy at St. George's in 1S4G-7, 
 until a Hymnal was authorised by the Diocesan Synod of lSo7. 
 
54 English ChiircJi History in South Africa. 
 
 The reason for the delay ^yas a clisjnite as to the plan. 
 The original design by Mr. Atkinson was set aside by the 
 Committee on the grounds of being objectionable as an archi- 
 tectural design, and as not affording sufficient accommodation 
 without running a gallery too near the middle of the 
 church.* The Committee therefore accepted another design 
 drawn by Mr. Skirrow, Government architect, under the 
 direction of Col. Bell, and on St. George's day, 23rd April, 
 1S30, the foundation stone was solemnly laid by Sir Lowry 
 Cole, with masonic honours, all the clergy who took part 
 in the proceedings being Free Masons, and Mr. Hough 
 Provincial Grand Chaplain. A triumphal arch, from which 
 the banner of St. George floated, was erected at the principal 
 entrance to the site and the streets through which the pro- 
 cession was to pass were lined with troops. At 11.30 a 
 service was held in the Dutch Church, where prayers were 
 said by the Eev. F. Fallows and an appropriate sermon 
 preached by Mr. Hough from Job xxxviii. 4, 5, 6. The pro- 
 cession then formed to the site in the following order : — 
 
 The Bands of the 98th and 72nd Regiments. 
 
 The Brethren of the Masonic Lodges, some 400 in 
 number. 
 
 Masonic officials bearing banners, lights, corn, oil, and 
 wine, Masonic emblems, &c. 
 
 The Ministers and elders of the several Churches in 
 Cai)etown. 
 
 Government officials. H.E. the Governor and stuff. 
 
 On arriving at the grounds the anthem " When earth's 
 foundation first was laid " was sung, and a prayer offered by 
 Mr. Hough, after which the stone was laid with the usual 
 ceremonies. The silver trowel used by tlie Governor bore 
 this inscription, engraved by Major Mitchell, Surveyor- 
 General : — " This trowel was used in laying the foundation 
 
 * Com. Adv. March 13. IMr. Atkinsoii'a design is defended by a 
 correspondent, March 24. 
 
English CJiurcJi History in SontJi Africa. 55 
 
 stone of the Englisli Episcopal Cliurcl], Capetown, dedicated 
 to S. George, on the 23d April, 1830, by H.E. Sir G. L. 
 Cole, K.C.B., &c. &c., to whom it was afterwards presented 
 by the Hon. Sir J. A. Truter, Kt., Provincial Grand-Master 
 for South Africa, in the name of himself and the Brethren 
 of the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Ancient and Honour- 
 able Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of England." 
 On the plate deposited in the cavity of the stone was this 
 inscription : — Deo opt : max : hunc primum lapidem Templi 
 in usum ecclesisB inter Colonos Anglicanse, Sancto Georgio, 
 dedicati posuit Honorab. G. L. Cole, G.C.B., Eques, Pro- 
 vinci?e Bonte Spei Praefectus, assidentibus Judice hujus 
 Provincise Supremo, Scriba Eebus publicis proeposito, 
 Sacerdote hujus ecclesiae Primario, cum amplissimo fratrum 
 Latomorum comitatu, Plaudente etiam non indecoro gaudio 
 magna j)opuli frequentia. a.d. IX Kal. Mai. Anno Domini 
 MDCCCXXX, Auspic. Georg. IV annum jam undecimum 
 Britt. et Hib. Eegnantis." On the reverse : — " Hujus 
 operis civibus commodissimi, advenis gratissimi, Praeclaro 
 huic urbi ornamento, omnibus qui ad pium laborem exi- 
 gendum operam praestiterunt Honori ac prsemio habendi, 
 Tantopere sed heu ! tam diu sperati, tandem incepti, Deo 
 Laus et Gloria."* The newspaper report adds that this 
 spectacle was perhaps one of the most imposing sights ever 
 witnessed at the Cape. The popularity of the measure, 
 which had from various causes been procrastinated from 
 year to year, now that it was in reality about to be accom- 
 plished seemed to infuse itself into all classes of the 
 inhabitants ; and this circumstance combined with the fine- 
 ness of the day and its being a public holiday, drew together 
 a larger assemblage of persons than was ever witnessed 
 before. At the same time the name of the street was, at 
 the request of the Trustees, changed by the Governor from 
 Bergh Street (which must not be confounded with the neigh- 
 
 * S. A. Com. Adv., 28th April, 1830. 
 
56 English CluircJi History in South Africa. 
 
 boiiving BiiYQ Street) to St. George's Street. The sum of 
 i:164 had been expended ui)on digging the foundations ; and 
 the cost of hiving the foundation stone, including coins, silver 
 plate, and box, was £18. In September the trustees entered 
 into a contract for the erection of the church, to seat 1100 
 or 1200 persons for £12,000, exclusive of enclosure, gates, 
 bells, and organ, but including " pulpit, reading and clerk's 
 desk, and the whole work of the altar (s/f), including lining 
 at the back of the same." 
 
 At Grahamstown the church, also St. George's, was com- 
 l^leted and used for Divine Service,* the Rev. W. Carlisle, 
 M.A., being appointed Chaplain. The church at Port 
 Elizabeth was yet unfinished. The walls were up and. had 
 hitherto braved the storm, the money having been furnished 
 by private subscription and a loan from the Orphan 
 Chamber f but the temporary church was becoming too 
 small for the increasing English congregation, and the 
 Committee made a public appeal for the small sum of £103, 
 whicli added to available funds would enable them to roof 
 the church, and put it in a fit state for Divine worship at a 
 cost of £1043^ exclusive of glazing. 
 
 Among other noteworthy events of the year (1830) is the 
 opening of a new organ in the Dutch Church on Sunda}^, 
 July 11th. At the English Church Services, on tliis 
 occasion, the music was rendered by (in addition to the 
 organ) the band of the 72nd Regiment and a choir of 
 gentlemen. The anthem, specially composed by the organist, 
 Mr. Corder, was from the 98th Psalm, and Mr. Hough 
 preached from the text, 2 Chron. v. 13. 
 
 Mr. Judge had been appointed Professor of Classics at 
 the South African College upon its foundation in 1829 ; but, 
 
 * Tho cliurcli pliitc was stolen rmt ot'tlio clmich i]i ^Iiircli, but was 
 afterwards recovered. A correspondent complains that the front seats, 
 the rents of which were £2 5<i., were occupied by the rank and fashion, 
 while the back seats (£J lOy.) were given up to the canaille. 
 
English Church History in Sonth Africa. 57 
 
 in conscqueuce of a resolution of the Council not to allow 
 religious instruction to be given, he resigned in August, 
 1830, and established a private Grammar School in 
 Capetown. 
 
 Several clerical changes took place. Mr. Sturt, Chaplain 
 at Simonstown, died in September, and his post was tempo- 
 rarily filled by Rev. Charles Wimberley, of the Bengal 
 Establishment. Towards the end of the year the Eev. Dr. 
 Holt Okes, arrived and the Eev. John Fry, Chaplain of 
 H.M.S. Maidstone, aj)pears as occasionally ofiftciating for the 
 Colonial Clergy at Stellenbosch and Clanwilliam. It has 
 been mentioned that Mr. Wright, S.P.G. Missionary at 
 Wynberg, had accepted the Chaplaincy at Bathurst, but did 
 not enter its duties until October, 1829. His residence at 
 Bathurst was of short duration, and was moreover broken 
 by an absence, during which he visited several military 
 outposts upon the frontier. From a draft of the report 
 prepared by him for the Colonial Government at the 
 close of 1829, it appears that he had up to that time 
 admininistered Holy Communion but once at Bathurst, and 
 once at Port Frances (now Port Alfred). Yet in that report 
 he expressed an opinion that the influence of the Wesley an 
 body had declined in his parish, an opinion which is imper- 
 fectly borne out by the facts ; for there v/ere at that time 
 five Wesleyan Chapels within the parish, and steps were 
 being taken to build a sixth in the village of Bathurst 
 itself, with a Mission House adjoining. In March, 1830, 
 Mr. Wright left Bathurst for Capetown in order to be 
 married, and did not return, but made arrangements with 
 the Rev. George Shepheard Porter, M.A. — a clergyman then 
 on a visit to the Cape for his health — to become his locum 
 icnens while he proceeded to Ed gland on leave of absence. 
 On the expiration of that leave the Governor, Sir Lowry 
 Cole, wrote to the Secretary of State for the Colonies 
 expressing disapprobation of Mr. Wright's conduct, and 
 Mr. Wright was required either to give a satisfactory 
 
58 EnglisJi ChurcJi History in SontJi Africa. 
 
 explanation of liis absence from liis duties after the exjnra- 
 tion of his leave, or to resign his office. He chose the latter 
 alternative, hut applied for an appointment elsewhere. To 
 this the rejily ^Yas that Lord Goderieh accepted his resigna- 
 tion, but could hold out no hope that he would ever be 
 employed in connexion with the Colonial Department again. 
 These are the real facts of the case, the opposite side of 
 which has been stated with partizan warmth by his friend 
 Pringle, who says* :— " The S.P.G., instead of affording 
 due encouragement and support to their African Missionary 
 gave ready reception to secret calumnious rei)orts from the 
 most im23ure sources (through whatever channels conveyed), 
 and acted upon them in preference to the favourable state- 
 ments of the upright General Bourke, who became the warm 
 friend of Dr. Wright, and made arrangements for the dis- 
 charge of his duties upon the frontier. The S.P.G., how- 
 ever, not only discountenanced those arrangements after 
 they had received the sanction of the Secretary of State, 
 but treated Dr. Wright with such injustice that being at 
 the same time assailed with violent popular prejudice in the 
 Colony on account of liis opinions in favour of the coloured 
 race, he returned to England in 1830. Here, unable to 
 obtain either redress or investigation, and treated by the 
 managers of the Society with the most supercilious disregard, 
 he had no alternative but to resign his Colonial ajipoint- 
 ments." Mr. Wright was undoubtedly a man of consider- 
 able literary attainments, besides his translation of Seiler's 
 Hermeneutics, he published in 1831 a comprehensive treatise 
 on " Slavery at tlie Cape of Good Hope ; " he is also said to 
 have had some share with ]\Ir. Fairbairn and Dr. Philip in 
 bringing about tlio enactment of the famous protective 
 Ordinance, No. 50, of 1828. He was a good preacher, and 
 his University (Dublin) conferred upon him the degree of 
 
 * l»oetical Works f.f T. Prin-U', kc, London, Moxon, 1S38, 8vo., 
 note to the " Emi'Taiit'.s Ciibin." 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 59 
 
 LL.D. But he was charged by many with being in private 
 life careless, in discreet, and imin-ovident. He was deeply 
 involved in debt when he left the Colony, and his library 
 was sold under legal process to satisfy a preferrent creditor.* 
 Moreover, his conduct in delaying so long to enter upon the 
 duties of the Chaplaincy which he had accepted at Bathurst, 
 or to make provision for their discharge, cannot be defended. 
 Mr. Porter, who became locum tenens at Bathurst, and 
 occupied that post for upwards of three years, was possessed 
 of private means, and generously devoted the whole of his 
 income as Chaplain to the building of the church at that 
 2>lace. 
 
 * Summons by Edict, 183G. Sale 1st June, 1839 (Gazette). Dr. 
 Wright afterwards held a Chaplaincy on the Continent, but seems to 
 have spent the latter part of his life in London, where he died about 
 thirty years ago. 
 
6o English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 CHAPTEK VII. 
 
 1S31-1835. 
 
 CArETOWX. 
 
 WiUtanj (1807). 
 
 Kev. B. C. Goodison, 182G- 
 
 1832. 
 Eev. H. G. P. Cooke, 1832. 
 Eev. E. J. Burrow, D.D. 
 
 (acting), 1832-1834. 
 Eev. G. Hough and E. Judge 
 
 (acting), 1834-1840. 
 
 Colonial (1811). 
 Eev. G. Hougb, 1817-1847. 
 
 SiMONSTOWN (1813). 
 
 Eev. C. Wimberley (acting), 
 
 1830-1831. 
 Eev. H. Eraser, 1831-1839. 
 
 Bathurst (1820). 
 Eev. G. S. Porter (acting), 
 
 1830-1833. 
 
 Wtnberg (1821). 
 Eev. E. Judge (acting), 
 
 1832-1835. 
 Eev. Holt Okes, D.D., 1834- 
 
 1847. 
 
 GllAIIAMSTOWX (1823). 
 Eev. W. Carlisle, 1830-1838. 
 
 Port Elizabeth (1825). 
 I Eev. F. McClelland, 1825- 
 
 1 1853. 
 
 I 
 
 EONDEBOSCH (1834). 
 
 Eov. E. Judge, 1834-1840. 
 
 In July, 1831, the Eev. Henry Eraser, B.A., of Trinity 
 College, Duldin, was ajjpointed Chaplain at Simonstown ; 
 and in the same month the Eev. Ecaron Fallows, A.E., 
 died in Capetown on the eve of his return to Europe. 
 
 We notice now some slight increase of activity in church 
 building. The S.P.C.K. had placed a sum of £2,000 at the 
 disposal of the Governor (Sir L. Colo) for furthering tho 
 religious interests of tlie Colony, according to a mode 
 of appropriation recommended l)y him and ajiproved by tho 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 6i 
 
 Society. The building of St. George's, Capetown, was j^ro- 
 gressing, the instalments upon the shares being called up in 
 regular order ; and subscription lists were oj)ened for an 
 organ and a peal of bells, — £154 for the former and £40 
 for the latter having already been promised by Capt. Fair- 
 fax and his friends. At Bathurst it was resolved at a 
 public meeting held on the 14th September, 1831, to raise 
 a sum of money by shares for building a church, and in 
 June, 1832, the Bathurst Church ordinance was passed, 
 authorizing the sum of £520 to be raised in 104 shares of 
 £5 each, which, added to the grants of £250 from the 
 Colonial Treasury and £250 or £300 from the S.P.C.K. 
 would amount to £1,000, the estimated cost of the 
 building. 
 
 A church was also being built at Rondebosch, and on 
 the 16th July a meeting was held at Wynberg to consider 
 the question of building a church, and tenders were called 
 for (Oct. 29). At St. George's Capetown, it was proi)osed to 
 substitute teakwood for painted deal pews at an additional 
 cost of £393, and to lay the floor in deal instead of in Cape 
 bricks. The burial ground in Somerset Eoad was also 
 enclosed with a wall, the stone for which was furnished gratis 
 from the Government quarries. 
 
 The Eev. B. C. Goodison, Military Chaplain in Cape- 
 town and acting Chaplain at Wynberg, had died after a 
 lingering illness in February, 1832 ; and the Eev. H. G. 
 Pauncefoote Cooke, B.A., who had been some time in the 
 Colony, became acting Military Chaplain, and Mr. Judge 
 was appointed acting Chaplain at Wynberg, both being in 
 Deacon's Orders only. The Eev. John Heavyside, from the 
 Mauritius, described as " Minister and Missionary " was 
 holding services at Stellenbosch and other country places 
 near Capetown. 
 
 During the year 1832 there was a third visit from a 
 Bishop of Calcutta. On the consecration of Bishop Daniel 
 Wilson the usual commission was issued to enable him to 
 
-62 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 discharge his episcopal fuoctloiis at the Cape ; he was also 
 authorized to hold au Ordination under letters dimissory 
 from the Bishop of London, and wrote to give notice of his 
 intention to call at the Cape on his voyage to India. But 
 on his arrival in Table Bay on the 31st August, 1832, it 
 appeared that the despatches forwarded a mouth before he 
 sailed had not yet been received, and the Bishop was not 
 expected. He was, however, warmly welcomed by the 
 Governor and leading inhabitants, and arrangements were 
 at once made for the ten days of his contemplated stay. On 
 Sunday, 2nd September, the Bishop preached at the morning 
 service * in the Dutch Church and administered the Holy 
 Communion to nearly two hundred communicants. He also 
 visited the Sunday Schools, and the next day examined all 
 the schools in Capetown, amongst them Lady Frances 
 Cole's newly founded School of Industry. Tuesday was 
 given to business and the settlement of some matters in the 
 Colony by no means free from embarrassment; and on 
 Wednesday the Bishop consecrated the ground on which 
 the church was being built at Rondebosch, and the sites of 
 the proposed church and burial-ground at Wynbcrg. Tlie 
 temporary cottage church at Wynberg was little better than 
 a small barn ; but on tliis occasion all the celebrities of 
 Capetown crowded into it and listened to a sermon, which at 
 their particular request was afterwards written out and left 
 behind for publication.! On Thursday the Bishop attended 
 a meeting of the District Committee of the Society for 
 Promoting Christian Knowledge, and also sj)oke at a public 
 
 * His text was Col. iii. 11, and the sermon is described by tlie Kcv. 
 B. Shaw, wlio was i)rcscut, as " truly cvaii.i^elical." "■ ^Memorials of 
 ■South Africa," p. 201. 
 
 t The Digniiy o/ J'uhlir'M'onhip. — A seniiou delivered at AVynber-x, 
 Cape of Good ]Ioi)c, on the occasion of consecrating grounds as sites 
 for a church and churchyard at that j)lace, by Daniel, Bishop of 
 Calcutta. Printed and published l>y (ieorge Greig, Keizer^grachf, 
 ■Capetown, Svo., i>p. 27, 18:]3. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 6^ 
 
 meeting in reply to an Address wliicli was presented to him. 
 Meanwhile the examination of two candidates for priest's 
 orders— the Eev. E. Judge, M.A., of Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, and the Kev. G. P. Cooke, B.A., of Exeter 
 College, Oxford — had been progressing from day to day, 
 «,nd on Friday the results were submitted to the BishojD. 
 The vim voce examination followed, and, all being deemed 
 satisfactory, Sunday was fixed for the Ordination. On the 
 intervening day Simonstown was visited. All there was in 
 holiday trim, — the shops shut up, the sliijDS and public 
 buildings decorated with flags ; and, in a little meeting- 
 house rented by the Government for £50 per annum, the 
 Bishop performed his first real episcopal act. The whole 
 community assembled, the admiral was present, the Governor 
 had ridden over in the morning, whilst the Bishop confirmed 
 sixty-six young persons, and afterwards preached from 
 Eomans xii. 1. Many were affected to tears, and the 
 Governor begged for a copy of the sermon for his private 
 use. After the service steps were taken for the erection of 
 a church. A letter was addressed to the Admiralty, and 
 subscriptions commenced, which found the Bishop a ready 
 contributor. 
 
 Some necessary alterations were required to adapt the 
 only building available — the Dutch Church — for the pur- 
 poses of an Ordination ; these were willingly allowed, and 
 on Sunday, September 9th, the first Anglican Ordination 
 was held in South Africa, under a special commission from 
 the Bishop of London. Every part of the large building 
 was crowded to excess. The Ordination sermon was 
 jDreached by the Bishop himself from the address of S. Paul 
 to the elders of the Church at Ephesus, and the two deacons 
 were admitted to the priesthood with the usual impressive 
 services. In the afternoon the Bishop addressed the 
 children of the Sunday School. Monday was the last day, 
 and though much pressed to prolong his stay, the wind was 
 too fair and fickle to render it expedient, and a communication 
 
64 EiiglisJi Church History in South Africa. 
 
 from the captain tlecicled tlie don1)t in the negative. At lialf- 
 past nine in tlie morning, therefore, Confirmation was 
 administered to two hundred and forty candidates, many of 
 them cdd and greyheaded. " An aftccting farewell address 
 followed, closing the religions services of the visitation ; and 
 then, Avith many tears, they bade llie Bishop God-speed, and 
 accompanied him to tlie r,liip. The good savour of his visit 
 lonf' remained. Three hundred persons confirmed, two sites 
 for church and churchyards consecrated, four sermons 
 preached, Holy Communion twice celebrated, an Ordination 
 held, a public meeting addressed, schools examined, pastoral 
 letters to distant stations written, many valuable friends 
 made, some charity dispensed, and a whole box of books left 
 behind for gratuitous presentation. The ten days thus 
 passed, were, lie says, amongst the most happy of his life, 
 from ' the relief, the contrast, the unexpectedness, the wide 
 scenes of usefulness presented, and the spiritual blessings 
 vouchsafed.' " ^ 
 
 A correspondent at this time complains of the noisy and 
 discordant way in which the Sun-^Iay Scliool boys resi)ond, 
 and appeals to the congregation to assist in singing the 
 Psalms. A handsome silver service of Communion plate was 
 presented to the English Church in Capetown by Mr. Francis 
 CoUison, and used for the first time on Christmas Day, 1832. 
 
 In 1833 the Church lost a true friend in Sir Lowry 
 Cole,t who resigned the Governorship of the Colony. 
 Numerous addresses were presented to him on leaving, 
 among them onel from the " Minister and Trustees of the 
 English Episcopal Church of S. George, Capetown," in 
 which they say : — 
 
 * "Life of r.ishop Wilson," by Ilcv. J. Batcman. (:Muvray8, 1860, 
 2 vols. 8vo., vol. i. p. 301), from which most of tlic •btaild of this visit 
 are taken. 
 
 t Sir L. Cole resided at the present Bishop's Court, then called 
 Bosohheuvcl, the property of the Maynier family, and by him named 
 Proten. 
 
 X Government Gazette, Sept. 1833. 
 
English Chitrch History in So7ith Africa. 65 
 
 "It devolves upon us in an especial manner, as the 
 natural organ of conveying to your Excellency a declara- 
 tion of the sentiments of a numerous and increasing body of 
 persons in the communion of the English Episcopal Church 
 established in this place, to seize the opportunity now 
 presented to us, for submitting our sincere acknowledg- 
 ments of the favourable attention and readiness to comply 
 with our wishes and suggestions, that have always marked 
 the series of your Excellency's official steps and corre- 
 spondence in relation to that cause, which is the cause of 
 good sense and rational piety, and interwoven with interests 
 most dear to us, as Britons and as men ; and we gladly, 
 Sir, confess, — a confession based on known and local facts, 
 that if the dignity as well as the usefulness of that branch 
 of our pure and scriptural Church in this Colony, and the 
 due celebration, in any adequate and effective measure, of 
 the ordinances of public worship, according to her ritual 
 and discipline, may be henceforth assured to us, such 
 benefits are to be mainly attributed, under God's blessing, 
 to the determination manifested in the earliest days of your 
 Excellency's rule, and subsequently followed up by corre- 
 sj)onding action, to promote the erection of a fit sanctuary 
 at the seat of Government wherein we might worship) our 
 Creator and Redeemer in conformity to the custom of our 
 fathers. To a heart like yours, Sir, the remembrance of 
 this good deed must ever be a source of genuine pleasure. 
 And by us, and by our children after us, it will be grate- 
 fully recorded as an honour to your name, when your mortal 
 remains lie mouldering in the oblivion of the grave." 
 
 In his reply the Governor speaks of the gratification 
 which the recollection affords of having had it in his j)Ower 
 to " assist in the fulfilment of so laudable a desire as the 
 erection in Capetown of a fit sanctuary for the performance 
 of Divine service, and that the handsome building now in 
 progress was commenced (I wish I could add finished) dur- 
 ing my administration of the Government of the Colony." 
 
 F 
 
66 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 He attributes the merit of tlie undertaking to tlie unwearied 
 and persevering zeal of tlie Chief Secretary, Col. Bell, to 
 whom thanks are due for the erection of St. George's Church, 
 " which will, I trust, long bear testimony to his industry 
 and good taste." His Excellency concludes : — " I may be 
 here permitted to dwell with satisfaction on the high and 
 flattering confidence bestowed on me by the venerable Society 
 for Promoting Christian Knowledge, in leaving at my dis- 
 posal so liberal a donation as £2,000 for the purpose of 
 building schools and churches in the Colony, enabling mo 
 thereby to assist the laudable exertions of our brethren in 
 the other districts of the Colony in erecting suitable places 
 of worship." 
 
 The Wynberg Church Ordinance was passed in November 
 to authorize the raising of the sum of £750 in 150 shares of 
 £5 each, to meet the S.P.C.K. grant of £150 and donations, 
 which would bring the amount up to £1,500, the estimated 
 cost of building a church on the site given by the Governor, 
 and lately consecrated by the Bishop of Calcutta. About 
 the same time the present church at Simonstown was begun, 
 to replace the old church which had fallen to ruin. 
 
 Dr. Wright had at last been compelled to resign the 
 Chaplaincy of Bathurst, and the Kev. J. Barrow was ap- 
 pointed to succeed him (15th May, 1833). The Military 
 Cliaplaincy in Capetown was, for some years after the death 
 of Mr. Goodison in 1831, only temporarily filled by acting 
 appointments of the colonial or of visiting clergy : from 
 March, 1832, until March, 1834, it was held by the Kev. E. 
 J, Burrow, D.D., who had arrived at the Cape on a visit in 
 1831. Among other clerical visitors during the year 1833 
 was the Von. Dr. Robinson, Archdeacon of Madras, who 
 preached a scriiK^n on Feb. 17 in aid of the Lower Infant 
 School, but although there was a crowded congregation the 
 amount of collection was only £18. 
 
 The newly appointed Governor, Sir Benjamin D'Urban, 
 on arriving in the Colony in 1831, had instructions to intro- 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 6^ 
 
 duce several social and political changes, involving reforms 
 in tlie Supreme Court of Justice, and the creation of a 
 Legislative Council ; the abolition of slavery now also took 
 effect. At the same time a scheme of retrenchment was 
 introduced by the Home Government, and the salaries of 
 several officials reduced, among them being that of the 
 senior Colonial Chaplain in Capetown, which was reduced 
 from £700 to £600 a year. 
 
 The newly built church at Eondebosch* was opened for 
 Divine service on the 17th February, and the Kev. E. Judge 
 appointed acting Chaplain (1st March, 1834). The Wynberg 
 Church would also have been opened this year, but it was 
 washed away by heavy rains in July, before the roof was 
 finished. The Kev. Dr. Holt Okes was aj)pointed to act as 
 Chaplain at Wynberg provisionally until His Majesty's 
 pleasure was known (30 Oct., 1834), and this provisional 
 arrangement continued for many years. 
 
 St. George's, Capetown, was approaching completion, and 
 a meeting of shareholders was held in October, for the j^ur- 
 pose of balloting for priority in the choice of pews. At 
 last, on St. Thomas's Day, 21st Dec, 1834, St. George's 
 Church was opened for Divine service, after the members of 
 the Church in Capetown had been indebted to the Dutch 
 congregation for twenty-seven years for the use of a building 
 
 * This, though also called St. Paul's, was not the present St. Paul's, 
 Rondebosch, but a smaller church, afterwards used as the chancel. A 
 grandiloquent advertisement of the Rustenburg estate (183G) speaks 
 of " the beautiful village church of Eondebosch raising its sacred head 
 above the surrounding woods, and from its belfry pouring forth the 
 solemn yet pleasing sound of the church-going bell." The site upon 
 which the church was built appears to have been formerly a location 
 of coloured squatters, for in a sermon preached at the fifth anniversary 
 (1839) by the Eev. H. Fraser, he contrasts the j^rescnt condition of the 
 spot with what it was a few years past, " a receptacle for the veriest 
 outcasts — a scene whereon the wretched aboriginal steeped himself in 
 all those vices which he had learned from the ungodly stranger, a 
 place loathsome to the eye and offensive to the ear, &c." 
 
 F 2 
 
6S English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 for public worship. Mr. Shaw, the "Wcsleyan missionary, 
 thus notices the event :* — " The Rev. G. Hough preached an 
 eloquent and impressive sermon to a crowded assembly, and 
 the school children surrounding the organ sang delightfully. 
 The building is elegant and spacious, affording ample 
 accommodation for the poor, and no longer can the English 
 inhabitants complain for want of a suitable place for public 
 devotion. When the Son of Man shall come in His glory, 
 and all nations shall stand at His bar, then 
 
 " jMay it before tlie world appear, 
 That crowds were born to glory here ! " 
 
 The church, which had bsen five years in building, had cost 
 up to this time £10,000, but its final and total cost was 
 considerably more, and for many years there remained a 
 debt of £7.000 upon it. About the same time that St. 
 George's, Capetown, was being opened for Divine worship, 
 its namesake at Grahamstown was being fortified with 
 wagons and artillery to serve as a magazine and storehouse 
 for ammunition, and as a j)lace of refuge in case of need for 
 the wives and children of the unfortunate frontier settlers, 
 who had been driven from their homes by the outbreak of 
 the disastrous Kafir war which closed the year. The Colony 
 continued in a very unsettled and depressed state through- 
 out the whole year 1835 in consequence of the Kafir war 
 then raging, and the distress and destitution to which the 
 inhabitants of the frontier districts had been suddenly re- 
 duced, their direct losses being estimated at nearly £290,000. 
 Naturally, theref >re, Church matters were almost at a stand- 
 still, the only event worthy of record during the year being 
 the visit of Dr. Daniel Corrie, first Bishop of ]\[adriis, who 
 arrived on Sept. 7th, and held a confirmation in St. George's 
 — the first episcopal function exercised in that church — on 
 Friday, Sept. 11th, at 11 a.m., and sailed again for his 
 Diocese on the 13th. 
 
 " *' ]Memoirs of Soutli Africa," hy IIcv. B. Shaw, 1811, p. 218. 
 
English Chw'ch History in South Africa. 6g 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 1836—1840. 
 
 Capetown. 
 
 Militanj (1807). 
 
 Eev. E. Judge (acting), 
 
 1834-1810. 
 Rev. T; A. Blair (acting), 
 1840-1841. 
 
 Clergy. 
 
 Gkahamstown (1823). 
 
 Rev. W. Carlisle, 1830-1838. 
 Rev. J. Heavyside, 1838- 
 1861. 
 
 Poet Elizabeth (1825). 
 
 Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 
 1853. 
 
 RONDEBOSCH (1834). 
 
 Rev. E. Judge, 1834-1840. 
 Rev. J. Fry, 1840-1861. 
 
 Colonial (1811). 
 Rev. G. Hough, 1817-1847. 
 
 SiMONSTOWN (1813). 
 
 Rev. H. Eraser, 1831-1839. 
 Rev. E. Judge, 1840-1872. 
 
 Bathurst (1820). 
 
 Rev. J. Barrow, 1833-1874. ^\^;. J'. '^' ^^^^^^•«' ^•^•^- 
 
 Missionary. 
 
 Wynberg (1821). Ptev. E. Owen, C.M.S. Mis- 
 
 Rev. Holt Okes, 1834-1847. sionary. 
 
 The Blue Book for the year 1836 gives the following 
 statistics of the English Church in South Africa at this 
 time. The extent of the parish of St. George's, Capetown, 
 is estimated at nine and a half square miles, with a popula- 
 tion (presumably of Church people only) of 3,800. The 
 church would contain 1,150 people, and the average Sunday 
 congregation was 950. The value of the living is set down 
 at £600. Besides the Sunday services in the church, the 
 children of the English poor, free blacks, and others, were 
 
70 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 catechized every Sunday afternoon in the adjoining 
 Government school. The extent of the parish of Wynberg 
 was 2,584: square miles, comprising the whole of the Capo 
 Division, with a population of 1,050. The living was worth 
 £80 a year, and the church, which would contain 150 
 peo2)le, had an average attendance of 120. At Simonstown, 
 where service was held in the Wesleyan ChajDcl, the popu- 
 lation was 1,309, tlie usual congregation 250, and the 
 income £350, besides which the Chaplain had an allowance 
 of £52 a year from the Koyal Navy. At Port Elizabeth, out 
 of a population of 1,028, and with a church which would 
 contain 400, the ordinary Sunday attendance was only 100. 
 St. George's, Grahamstown, would contain 700 people out of 
 the population of 4,800, and had generally a congregation 
 of 420 ; while Bathurst, with a population of 1,300, had a 
 church which would contain 300, but one-third of which 
 only was ordinarily filled. The income of each of the 
 three last-named places was £200 a year. In September, 
 an evening service — which had been discontinued since the 
 days of Dr. Halloran in 1811 — was begun at St. George's, 
 Capetown, and seems to have been very well attended, 
 especially by the i^oorer classes. A newspaper corre- 
 spondent,* however, complains of improper characters being 
 jillowed to occupy the same free seats as the virtuous ! 
 Another takes exception, with more reason, to an advertise- 
 ment of a special sermon to be preached by Mr. Hough on 
 the 21st of February, on behalf of the S. A. Infant Schools ; 
 the advertisement announcing that " it is tbe intention of 
 H.E. the Governor and Lady D'Urban to be present," as if 
 with the object of drawing a fuller congregation. Another 
 correspondent laments the absence of the English Church 
 Clergy from the annual meeting in Capetown of the L.M.S., 
 and of the Church's neglect to aid in the spread of the 
 Gospel among the heathen in this land. An attempt to 
 
 * ,S'. A. Com. AiJr., ])fissiin, 183G. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. yi 
 
 remove this last well-deserved reproach was made in the 
 following year. Capt. Allen Gardner, an enthusiastic 
 Missionary pioneer, having travelled through Natal, on his 
 return to England induced the Church Missionary Society 
 to establish a Mission among the Zulus, then ruled by the 
 notorious tyrant, Dingaan. The Eev. Francis Owen, M.A., 
 was selected for the work, and with his wife, sister, and 
 Miss Williams, accompanied Capt. Gardner to Natal ; his 
 parting instructions (which are of very great interest) from 
 the parent Society being dated 8th November, 1836.* 
 During the stay of the Mission party in Capetown, on their 
 way to Natal, a public meeting was held in the Commercial 
 Exchange (15th March, 1837), at which the Governor pre- 
 sided, to establish a branch of the Church Missionary 
 Society in South Africa. The following resolution was 
 adopted : " That this meeting fully recognises the duty 
 incumbent on Christians to employ all suitable means of 
 propagating the Gospel throughout the world, and hails 
 with thankfulness to the Great Head of the Church the 
 labours of the C.M.S. in its various stations in heathen 
 lands, and among decayed Christian Churches." An asso- 
 ciation was formed, entitled the Cape of Good Hope Church 
 Missionary Association, with the Governor as President ; 
 Vice-Presidents, Col. Bell, Judge Kekewich, Dr. Murray, 
 Eevs. G. Hough and H. Eraser; Treasurer, Mr. Gierke 
 Burton ; Secretaries, Eev. E. Judge and Mr. W. Buchanan.f 
 There seemed every prospect that the Association would 
 flourish. In May the donations exceeded £100, and the 
 promised annual subscriptions amounted to £80. But for 
 some reason this newly aroused interest in Missions soon 
 flagged, and the Capetown Association held no anniversary 
 meeting, and presented no report for more than two years. 
 
 * These instructions are puLlishcJ in full in the S. A. Com. Adv. 
 April, 1837. 
 
 t S. A. Com Adv., March, 1837. 
 
72 E^iglish ChnrcJi History in Sojith Africa. 
 
 IVIeanwliile Mr. Owen's Mission party had settled at 
 Natal, and had been allowed by Dingaan to establish them- 
 selves near Ungungunhlovi, the Chief's " great place " or 
 capital, on the White Imfolosi Kiver. Mr. Owen became 
 the medium of communication between Dingaan and the 
 emigrant Boers, and assisted in drawing up the treaty by 
 •which Natal was professedly granted to the Boers ; but soon 
 after (4th Feb., 1838) he and his fellow-workers were 
 witnesses of the dreadful scene of the treacherous massacre 
 of Eetief and his companions by the Zulus. The Mission 
 party sat in their hut expecting every moment to share the 
 fate of the unfortunate Boers, in expectation of which 
 3Ir. Owen read the 91st Psalm and offered earnest prayers 
 of commendation to God ; but Dingaan sent them word that 
 they need not fear, the farmers were being killed because 
 they were wizards, and intended to kill him.* On the 
 following Sunday, however, Mr. Owen was dragged before 
 the king and his councillors, and charged with speaking 
 evil of the king, and using enchantments against him in his 
 prayers. Eventually, the whole Mission party was allowed 
 to depart, and escaped, with only their bedding and the 
 clothes they had on, in a wagon with sick oxen to Port Natal 
 (D'Urban), which place it took them six weeks to reach. 
 Subsequently, when Dingaan marched upon the settlement 
 at D'Urban, the Mission party was among those who escaped 
 on board a small vessel named the Comet to Delagoa Bay, 
 and thence to Port Elizabeth. 
 
 We now return to tlio events of the year 1837 from which 
 wo have digressed in order to give a continuous account of 
 
 * Loiter from How V. Owen to Rev. F. McCk-llantl, dated from 
 Natal, 13tli ]\Iarcli, J 838. Also INIr. Owen's Journal, pnljlishcd in tlio 
 Capetown papers, 18o8. The O. F. S. Monthhj Magazine, \o\. i., 
 No, 2, contains a narrative of the events, contributed by the last 
 surviving witness of the raa.sBacre, INIiss "Williams, afterwards IMrs. 
 Bird, who died in the Free .State in 1882. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 73 
 
 the ill-fated attempt to establish a Mission among the 
 Zulus. 
 
 On Sunday, the 30th July, 1837, the new church at 
 Simonstown was opened for Divine service, the officiating 
 clergy being Eevs. H. Eraser, Colonial Chaplain, C. Camp- 
 bell, Chaplain to H.M.S. Tlialia, and E. B. Boyes, H.E.I.C.S. 
 The sermon was preached by Mr. Boyes from Ps. Ixxx. 1. 
 The attendance was very large and the collection amounted 
 to £35. It will be remembered that the original church at 
 Simonstown, St. George's — the first English church built in 
 the Colony — had fallen down in 1819 ; service was then 
 held in " an upj)er chamber " of the mast-house in the dock- 
 yard until 1881, when the Colonial Government hired the 
 Wesleyan Chapel at £50 per annum. Bishop Wilson in 
 visiting Simonstown in 1832 had urged the building of a 
 church, which was now completed at a cost of £1,800, for 
 the most part raised by private subscriptions. Erom the 
 date of its opening this church was designated St. Erances,* 
 being (one may suppose) the only Anglican Church so 
 dedicated, and probably owing this unique designation to an 
 implied compliment to Lady Erances Cole, her name 
 ajDpearing on the first list of subscribers with a donation of 
 £10. There was, too, the precedent of St. Frances Bay and 
 Cape S. Erances in South African geography. 
 
 On the 19th June, 1837, a public meeting was held at 
 what is now called the village of Sidbury to take steps for 
 the building of a church between Assegai Bush and the 
 Bushman's River in the division of Albany. Mr. McClelland 
 
 * St. Frances, widow, foundress of the Order of the Collatincs at 
 Eome, born 1384, died 1440, was canonized by Tope Paul V. in 1G08, 
 and is commemorated in the Roman Chnrch on March 9th. It is of 
 her that the beautiful and suggestive legend is related that, being at 
 her devotions, she was called away four times for some trivial domestic 
 duty in beginning the same verse of a Psalm ; and on returning the 
 fifth time found that verse written in letters of gold. 
 
74 English CJnirch History in South Africa. 
 
 of Port Elizabeth was in the chair, and it was resolved that 
 the services of a clergyman of the Church of England 
 should be secured, but it was indispensable that he should 
 have a knowledge of Dutch. It was dui-ing the same year 
 that St. George's Church, Grahamstown, which had hitherto 
 been the absolute property of the Government, was handed 
 over to a Church Committee, on condition that they should 
 put a new roof upon the church and keep it in repair. 
 In this Committee the management of the church was 
 vested until the passing of the Ordinance for authorizing the 
 appointment of a vestry and churchwardens for St. George's 
 Church, Grahamstown, in 1839. 
 
 During the year 1837 two attempts were made at legisla- 
 tion, which as affecting the Church must here be noticed. 
 The first was a well-meant but mistaken attempt to enforce 
 the better observance of the Lord's Day throughout the 
 Colony, by means of an Ordinance introduced into the 
 Legislative Council by the Governor, Sir Benjamin 
 D'Urban, and passed on the 23rd of August. The Ordi- 
 nance made it penal — with rare exceptions — to trade, deal, 
 or carry on any handicraft ; to cut or carry wood ; to engage 
 in any ordinary field labour; or to discharge any firearm 
 upon the Lord's Day, under penalty of a fine not exceeding 
 £3, nor less than 5s., or of imjirisonment for a jieriod not 
 exceeding fourteen days. There were also provisions 
 against public gambling, fighting, or playing at any game, 
 under penalty of the same fine, with the alternative of four- 
 teen days' hard labour or twenty-five lashes. Considerable 
 opposition was roused, especially to the clause which sub- 
 jected offenders to the j^unishmcnt of flogging, and a 
 memorial, condemning the Ordinance and jiraying for its 
 repeal, was signed by a number of influential persons, in 
 spite of a notice from the Capetown Scottish Kirk Session, 
 \varning all j^ersons in its communion that it would con- 
 sider signing the memorial as eciuivalent to a public pro- 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 75 
 
 fession of infidelity, and exliorting all Christians to refuse 
 their signatures.^ Proposals for amending and repealing 
 certain clauses were introduced into the Council, and even- 
 tually the Ordinance was repealed, and other more liberal 
 provisions made instead thereof by Ordinance No. 1 of 1838, 
 which is still in force. 
 
 The other attempt at legislation was in an entirely differ- 
 ent direction, and, had it been successful, would have 
 degraded Holy Matrimony into a purely civil contract. It 
 was an Ordinance proposed by the Governor to the Legisla- 
 tive Council for consolidating and amending the Laws of 
 Marriage in the Colony, by repealing all former legislation 
 and existing laws on the subject, and constituting purely 
 secular Matrimonial Boards in the various districts, before 
 which only could marriages be contracted, all marriages 
 otherwise contracted being null and void. As a gracious 
 concession to religious scruples, the Ordinance did not 
 propose to prevent any persons who had been duly married 
 under its provisions, or any Minister of religion, from 
 solemnizing or being present at the solemnization of any 
 religious ceremony for the Marriage of the said persons 
 which they might think fit to adopt. The Ordinance did not 
 pass, but the following year (7th Sept., 1838), a Marriage 
 Order was issued by the Queen in Council ajiplicable to 
 those Colonies in which the slaves had recently been eman- 
 cipated, which came into force in this Colony on 1st 
 February, 1839, and is, with certain amendments made 
 from time to time by Acts of the Colonial Legislature, still 
 the marriage law of the land. A subsequent Order in 
 Council (20th Feb., 1839) laid down that the customary 
 legal fees of the clergy were not affected by the new Or- 
 dinance. The new law did not at first work smoothly. The 
 seventh section of the Order enjoins that whenever the form 
 
 * Advertisement in Government Gazette, Oct. 1837, signed by Dr. 
 AJamson. 
 
jS EnglisJi Church History in Soicth Africa. 
 
 and ceremony used is otLer than tliat of the Clmrch of 
 England each of the parties shall in some part of the 
 ceremony make certain declarations.* It appeared that 
 some Ministers in the Colony had solemnized marriages 
 without having ohserved these formalities, and by Govern- 
 ment advertisement (15th August, 1839) attention was 
 drawn to the invalidity of these marriages, and it was left 
 to those Ministers and the parties so informally married by 
 them to consider of the means by which tlie injurious 
 consequences of those errors may be prevented. This 
 naturally occasioned some perplexity, and the Governor 
 therefore pointed out how the errors might be remedied by 
 the re-marriage of the parties (Government advertisement, 
 12th Sept., 1839). Objection had also been made to the 
 form of words prescribed — the mode of publishing banns — 
 the hours fixed, &c., but tlie Governor declared that he had 
 no authority to alter or set aside the law in these or in any 
 other res2)ects. 
 
 At this time a considerable number of juvenile English 
 emigrants was being sent into the Colony by the Children's 
 Friend Society. This was a society founded in 18;)0 for 
 the purpose of rescuing destitute and neglected children 
 from the misery and crime to which they were exposed in 
 L(jndon, and securing to them the means of subsistence by 
 apprenticing them either at home or abroad. The Cape, in 
 consequence of its growing demand for labour and holding 
 out many advantages for tlic jjrotection of tlio children, was 
 looked to as the most eligible Colony for the purpose of tho 
 Society, and out of 880 children provided for by the Society 
 upwards of 700 had been sent to the Cape, where an active 
 Committee was formed and an Ordinance obtained in order 
 to give legal effect to the indentures under which tho 
 
 * This clnusc was afterwards repealed in so far as it afTceted 
 marriages celebrated at the Cajie aceording to the forms of the Dutch 
 lleformcd Church. (Order in Council Srd April, 1840.) 
 
English CJuLvch History in Soicth Africa. yy 
 
 cliildren were bound.* The attention of the Society for the 
 Pro^Dagation of the Gospel having been called to the want 
 of religious instruction among these apprentices, that 
 Society determined (17th Nov., 1837) to allow salaries of 
 £100 a year towards the maintenance of two clergymen at 
 the Cape; one to be stationed at such place as might be 
 agreed upon between the two Societies, to visit and instruct 
 the apprentices within his district, provided that such 
 clergyman be allowed not less than £100 a year from the 
 Committee and friends of the Children's Friend Society. 
 The C.F.S. made a public appeal for aid towards raising a 
 fund for this purpose, and in March, 1838, the Kev. J. W. 
 Sanders, M.A., arrived for this especial work among the 
 apprentices around Capetown and Stellenbosch, where he 
 hold services in the Government School. The Rev. John 
 Fry also undertook to attend Constantia every other Sunday 
 for the religious instruction of the apprentices there, their 
 masters being bound by the terms of the indenture to allow 
 their attendance on such occasions. 
 
 Church building at the Cape in those days was not a 
 success. The original church at Simonstown had fallen 
 down. Wynberg Church, begun in 1832, had been washed 
 away before the roof was completed in 1834; and the gable 
 end of the new church then being built fell down in July, 
 1838 : " So much," sententiously remarks the leading news- 
 l)aper, "for daubing with untemj^ered mortar." This 
 church — the shell of the present Wynberg Church — was 
 not built upon the original site, which was now turned into 
 the burial-ground, but upon the spot originally intended for 
 the burial-ground and consecrated as such by Bishop 
 
 • Ordinance No. 3 of 1836, for appointing and authorizing certain 
 persons to be commissioners and guardians to emigrants being minors 
 sent to this Colony from the United Kingdom by the Children's 
 Friend Society. 
 
jS English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 Wilson — a counter-cliange of sites wliicli caused some 
 disapprobation.* The Wynberg Infant School (Lady 
 D'Ur ban's) was opened on the 29 th of August with a 
 service in which Dr. Okes and Mr. Boyes took part, and at 
 which Bickcrsteth's Fsahnochj was used. 
 
 The Rev. John Heavyside was appointed in October, 
 1838, Colonial Chaplain at Grahamstown in succession to 
 the Rev. W. Carlisle, who retired on pension. During the 
 same year a meeting at which Mr. Heavyside i^resided was 
 held at Fort Beaufort, to consider the best means of sup- 
 plying the deficiency in the means of education and religion 
 at that place. It was agreed to ask the Government to 
 grant the use of the old Cape Corps mess-room as a Chapel 
 school, and a committee was ajDpointed to take measures 
 for building a church. A branch Association of the 
 Church Missionary Society was also formed, and a wish was 
 expressed that the Rev. F. Owen, who was then in the 
 Eastern Province on his return from the disastrous Zulu 
 Mission, might bo stationed at Fort Beaufort. Mr. Owen 
 seems, however, to have preferred more purely Mission 
 work. The following year (June, 1839) he was in Cai^c- 
 town, and spoke at a meeting of the Church Missionary 
 Association — the first meeting since the establishment of 
 the Association in 1837, and apparently the last — in the 
 Exchange, Sir John Wylde being in the chair. Mr. Owen 
 also preached at Simonstown on behalf of the C.M.S., and 
 soon after went to Mosiga as Missionary among the 
 Baharatsi. 
 
 Wynberg Church was opened for Divine service on the 
 second Sunday after Easter, llth April, 1839 ; the sermon 
 was preached by Mr. Hougli, who, in the absence of any 
 ecclesiastical dignitary, was as Senior Chaplain regarded as 
 the official representative of the English Church on theso 
 
 * Correspondence in *S'. A. Commercial Adv., 21Ui April, 1839. 
 
English CJmrch History in Soitth Africa. 79 
 
 occasions. Indeed it is said that St. George's was called the 
 Cathedral* long before the foundation of the See. The 
 musical services were not, however, by any means of a 
 Cathedral type ; there was a mixed choir in the organ 
 gallery,"!" but there were complaints that the vocal and 
 instrumental music were not in harmony, and the organ was 
 required to be more accommodating. The accounts of St. 
 George's for the year 1830 include a charge of fifteen 
 guineas for a black silk cassock and gown, and two guineas 
 for a surplice. The collections in church for that year 
 amounted to £35 ; and in consequence of the expense of 
 lighting the church, to which the shareholders objected, the 
 Sunday evening service was discontinued and an afternoon 
 service held instead, to the great inconvenience of several, 
 especially among the poor. 
 
 Mr. Fraser, Colonial Chaplain at Simon stown, had been 
 for some time in ill-health, and died at Grahamstown in his 
 fortieth year, on the 3rd August, 1839. His post was 
 filled for a time by the Eev. Thomas R. A. Blair, who had 
 formerly been a Captain in the army, but left the service to 
 take Holy Orders. He acted at Simonstown until the 
 appointment on the 1st Feb., 1840, of the Eev. E. Judge, 
 who held this Chaplaincy until his death in 1872. 
 
 From the year 1839 may be said to date the movement 
 which led to the extension of the Colonial Episcopate and 
 thus to the founding of the See of Capetown. At a meeting 
 of the S.P.C.K., held on the 19th March, 1839, a petition to 
 the House of Commons was agreed upon, praying the House 
 to sanction and adopt such measures as may be necessary 
 for providing more effectually for the religious instruction 
 
 * Major-Gen. Dobbs' "Personal Keminiscences in S. A.," &c., in 
 1810. (Dublin, 1882.) 
 
 t Tlie red silk curtains, which some of ns remember as screening the 
 choir until the establishment of a surpliced choir in 1855, ^Yere first put 
 up in February, 1810. 
 
8o English CJinrch History in SotctJi Africa. 
 
 of tbe Colonies ; for an increase in the number of bisliops * 
 and clergy wherever rcqiiirecl ; for the protection of the 
 existing property and lands of the Church ; for the erection 
 of new churches and chapels to an extent commensurate 
 with the wants of the Colonists ; and earnestly imploring 
 that no new Colonies might be founded without express 
 2')rovision being made for the instructicm of tlie inhabitants 
 in the truths and duties of Christianity according to the 
 principles of the Church of England. The following year 
 (April, 1840) the Bishop of London, Dr. Blomfield, 
 addressed a letter to the Primate, Dr. Ilowley, setting forth 
 the duty incumbent upon the Church of imparting the full 
 benefits of her Apostolic government and discipline, as well 
 as of her doctrines and ordinances, to the distant provinces 
 of the Empire ; and proposing to raise a fund for the endow- 
 ment of bishoprics in such of the Colonies as were still 
 virtually deprived of Episcopal superintendence. This 
 proposal was at once taken up by the great Church Societies, 
 the S.P.C.K. voting a sum of £10,000, and S.P.G. £7,500, 
 to the fund. The subject was next brought under the notice 
 of the great body of Churchmen at a meeting of clergy and 
 laity summoned, by the Primate, at which the plan was 
 explained and a large number of contributions received. 
 On Whitsun Monday, 1st June, 1811, the Archbishops and 
 Bishops of England and Ireland, who were the trustees of 
 the Fund,t issued a declaration, enumerating the Colonics in 
 which bishoprics were required, the Cape being among the 
 number, and appealing for more funds. It was in response 
 to this appeal that, as is well known. Miss (now Baroness) 
 Burdett-Coutts munificently endowed the two Sees of 
 Capetown and Adelaide. 
 
 To return to the course of events at the Capo. Tho sum 
 
 * There were then only nine hi.->hopsiii the whole foreign dominions 
 of the Empire. There are now aeventy-ninc. 
 t Afterwards the Colonial Bislioprics Fund. 
 
EnglisJi CJunxh History in So2itk Africa. 8i 
 
 of £200 eacli was placed upon the Estimates of the Colony 
 for 1840 for Chaplaincies at Rondebosch and Wynberg, but 
 no fixed appointments were as yet made to these posts, the 
 provisional Chaplains, Dr. Okes and Mr. Fry dividing 
 the duties of the two churches between tbem on alternate 
 Sundays. Some little controversy was excited at this time 
 by a course of sermons preached by Mr. Hough during Lent 
 at St. George's upon Fasting, which though exceedingly 
 moderate in tone, roused the cry of Popery. Hitherto there 
 had been very little party feeling in Church matters at the 
 Cape, the tone of Churchmanship generally being what is 
 known as old-fashioned High Church. Just at that time, 
 however, a considerable number of Anglo-Indians frequent- 
 ing the Cape, while professing to be Churchmen, held views 
 differing little, if at all, from the rankest Plymouth 
 Brethrenism ; offering to teach in Church schools, yet 
 refusing to teach the Church Catechism ; attending morning 
 service and communicating at the church, and preaching in 
 the evening in the Wesleyan or Independent chapels, or 
 wherever else they could gain admission. They were once 
 well described by a very high authority, as being " with 
 long purses and pious purposes the pest of the place." Mr. 
 Hough, whom they described as "holding very high 
 sacredotal views," referred to them in a sermon alluding to 
 the sin of Korah, or as one of themselves asserts, " pro- 
 nounced upon them tbe curse of Korah, Dathan, and 
 Abiram ! " * Hinc illee laclirymse. 
 
 A more pleasing incident with which to close this 
 chapter is the opening of a Chapel school at Cuylerville in 
 the parish of Bathurst, on Tuesday, 15th September, by the 
 
 * " lieminisccnces of Life in Mysore, Soutli Africa, and Bnrmah," 
 hy Major-General Dobbs, Dublin, Herbert, 1882. Captain Dobbs was at 
 the Cape in 1840-4:1, and a leader of what they called the Religious 
 Society at the Cape. It is from his book that most of the tibove facts 
 arc gathered. 
 
 G 
 
82 EnglisJi Church History in South Africa. 
 
 Eevs. J. Barrow and J. Heavyside, Mr. Saffery an agent of 
 the Colonial Church Society being also present. The 
 collection amounted to £7 15s. 
 
 A correspondent in England writes to a friend at the 
 Cape at the close of the year 1810, " You will have a Bishop 
 before three years are over your head." 
 
English Church History in Soitth Africa. ^^ 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 1841-1845. 
 
 Clergij. 
 
 Capetown. 
 
 Militanj (1807). 
 
 Eev. T. A. Blair (acting), 
 
 1840-1841. 
 Rev. E. P. Blunt, 1841- 
 
 1844. 
 Rev. B. Maitland (acting), 
 
 1844. 
 Rev. T. A. Blair (acting), 
 
 1844-1845. 
 Rev. Geo. Dacre, 1845-1854. 
 
 Colonial (1811). 
 Rev. G. Hough, 1817-1847. 
 Rev. R. G. Lamb (junior 
 Chaplain), 1845-1848. 
 
 SiMONSTOWN (1813). 
 
 Rev. E. Judge, 1840-1872. 
 
 Bathuest (1820). 
 Rev. J. Barrow, 1833-1874. 
 
 Grahamstown (1823). 
 
 Rev. J. Heavyside, 1838- 
 1861. 
 
 Port Elizabeth (1825). 
 Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 
 1853. 
 
 RONDEBOSCH (1834). 
 
 Rev. J. Fry, 1840-1861. 
 
 SiDBURY (1842). 
 Rev. G. V. Thorpe, 1842- 
 1849. 
 
 George (1845). 
 Rev. E. T. Scott, 1845-1848. 
 
 Graaff-Reinet (1845). 
 Rev. W. Long, 1845-1854. 
 Rev. Herbert Beaver, Col. 
 
 Ch. Soc. Chaplain, Fort 
 
 Beaufort, 1842. 
 Rev. T. A. Blair, Col. Ch. 
 
 Soc. Chaplain (Trinity 
 
 Church), 1841. 
 
 Wynberg (1821). 
 Rev. Holt Okes, 1834-1855. 
 
 The year 1841 opened with some unpleasantness in 
 Church matters at Grahamstown. There was at first a con- 
 troversy between the Chaplain and an Independent Minister 
 
 G 2 
 
84 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 as to the riglit of burial in St. George's Cemetery, Mr. 
 Hcavyside asserting tliat tlie ground having been granted to 
 Episcopalians no other persons could claim any right in it. 
 Then arose a more serious difficulty as to the working of 
 the Grahamstown Church Ordinance. There had been from 
 time to time disputes on the question who should exercise 
 the right of voting for Churchwardens and Vestrymen.* 
 The Ordinance confers this right upon the " male inhabi- 
 tants of Grahamstown and of the parochial limits thereof, 
 being members of and holding communion with the United 
 Church of England and Ireland," intending, it would seem, 
 to restrict the right to communicants. But in March, 1841, 
 the non-communicants called a separate vestry meeting, 
 refused to acknowledge Mr. Heavyside's right to i)reside, 
 and professed to question the validity of his orders. Mr. 
 Hcavyside produced to the meeting a letter from the 
 Governor's Secretary, stating that His Excellency had ex- 
 amined Mr. Heavyside's papers and was satisfied. The 
 whole affair was referred to the Governor and by him to the 
 Attorney-General (Mr. Porter), who decided that all who 
 professed to be Churchmen were full Church members, with 
 the rights and privileges thereto belonging ; he also declined 
 to support the Chaplain's claim to preside ex officio at the 
 meetings ; and, though the Government afterwards expressed 
 a wish to withdraw from interference, the result of it all 
 was that not even the Churcliwardcns were necessarily com- 
 municants. The uni^atisfuctory state of things in the 
 Eastern Province generally is well described by Mr. Saffery, 
 an agent of the Coh)nial Church Society, wlio bad been sent 
 out to rej)ort ui)on the state of religion in South Africa. 
 Ho says, " The English Church is deplorably deficient in 
 means to meet the increasing demand for ministers, churches, 
 
 * "Remarks, &f. on tlic Grahamstown Cliurch Ordinance," 
 Grahamstown; Aldam & Ilarvoy, Printers, Queen Street, 12mo., 
 1839. 
 
English CJ Lurch History in South Africa. 85 
 
 and schools, and is rapidly melting away in cou sequence of 
 her members either altogether neglecting God, or joining 
 themselves to other bodies, ai)parently more able to supply 
 their wants. As the Church exists in the Colony she can- 
 not keep her own. Within the limits of Grahamstown and 
 its vicinity, no sooner is any person awakened to a deep 
 sense of religion, than inducements surround him on all 
 sides to detach himself from our Church. If they leave 
 Grahamstown they pass, as to any communion with her, 
 utterly beyond her pale." Nor was the state of Church 
 matters round Capetown much better. The number of 
 Church members in Capetown itself was estimated at five 
 thousand, for whom a single church and clergyman were 
 clearly insufficient. The annual report of the Capetown 
 District Committee of the S.P.C.K. for 1839-40 states that 
 of their nominal Church members, between two and three 
 thousand were out of the reach of the Church's Ordi- 
 nances, and a great portion of them living in a most 
 degraded and demoralized condition. 
 
 On receiving Mr. Saffery's report the Colonial Church 
 Society appointed a deputation to wait upon the Bishop of 
 London, who encouraged the Society to undertake work at 
 the Cape, and signified his approval of a measure for the 
 erection of a second church in Capetown, " which is 
 evidently called for by the insufficiency of the present pro- 
 vision for religious instruction for the members of our 
 Church, and which has been sanctioned by H.E. the 
 Governor." The Society accordingly sent out two Cate- 
 chists, Messrs. Inglis and Boone, the former to open a 
 Sunday-school in a neglected part of Capetown, Constitution 
 Street, where there was a dense English and Irish population 
 of the lower class, and to visit the prison and hospital; 
 while Mr. Boone was stationed in Albany, at Mancazana 
 Post, near the Kat River. It has been mentioned that 
 Mr. Blair had been officiating as Military Chaplain in 
 
S6 English CJmrch History ifi So7tth Africa. 
 
 Capetown. In tliis appointment he expected to be confirmed, 
 but in April, 1841, the Eev. Edward Paulet Blunt, M.A., 
 arrived to take the military duties ; and Mr. Blair being 
 thus left vv ithout a charge, his Indian friends memorialized the 
 Colonial Church Society to appoint him one of their Chap- 
 lains of the Cape. Mr. Blair was engaged by the Society, 
 and a Corresponding Committee formed in Capetown, July, 
 1841. As a temporary measure, a building in Long Street, 
 at the corner of Hout Street, was hired to be used as a pro- 
 prietary chapel until a church could be built in the 
 neighbourhood of Caledon Square, where a site was promised 
 by the Governor. The Long Street Episcopal Chapel (as it 
 was called) was opened for Divine service according to the 
 rites of the Church of England, on Sunday, 1st August. 
 Two-thirds of the sittings were free, and the services were 
 held twice on Sundays, at 11 a.m. and at 6 p.m., as well as 
 on Thursday evenings ; there was also a day-school in con- 
 nection with the Chapel. A Committee of the Society was 
 also formed at Grahamstown (Feb., 1842), and the Rev. 
 Herbert Beaver, formerly a Chaplain of the Hudson's Bay 
 Company, was sent out by the parent Society and stationed 
 at Fort Beaufort.* 
 
 At Uitenhage a movement was set on foot to provide funds 
 for a church and clergyman (July, 1841), but as was usual 
 in those days the Government was expected to bear the 
 greater part of the burden. The English inhabitants 
 memorialized the Governor, who granted them a site ; they 
 then collected some small funds and aj^plied for further 
 liclp to the public. But the ajipeal met with but little 
 
 * For iiiucli of thi.s information -witli regard to tlic work of tlio 
 Colonial Cburch Society, I am indebted to notes to a sermon preached 
 in the Long Street Chapel, on Sunday, 8th May, 1842, in helialf of the 
 funds of the Society, by the llev. II. Ilutton of the lI.E.I.C.S. 
 I'ubli.slied by request. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 8/ 
 
 success; no clergyman was aj)pointed until 1847, and a 
 church not built until some years later. 
 
 At Kobben Island a church or chapel had been built 
 which was opened for Divine service on Sunday, 10th Oct., 
 1841, by Mr. Hough, who preached from the text St. Matthew 
 xvii. 4. Services were held monthly in this building by 
 the clergy from the mainland, until the appointment of a 
 resident Chaplain. The Churchwardens of St. George's, 
 Capetown, proposed to make an extra charge of one shilling 
 and sixpence per sitting, in order to raise a fund for defray- 
 ing the expenses of the choir and continuing the choral 
 service, the cost of which, including books, music, and 
 superintendence, during the year 1841 amounted to £20. 
 
 St. Mary's Church, Port Elizabeth, was finished at the 
 beginning of 1842, having been nearly six years in building, 
 and the Ordinance authorizing the appointment of a vestry 
 and churchwardens passed on the 3rd March. St. Mary's 
 was the only English Church in the Colony which derived 
 any benefit from a Church tax, authorized by proclamation 
 of April 1st, 1814. This was a local charge of four stivers 
 per week for each place, and two stivers per week for each 
 erf, levied in those country districts, where the Church was 
 in debt. From 1836 to 1842 Port Elizabeth received from 
 this source £90 lis. 3cZ,, and then it ceased. There still 
 remained a debt of £379, exclusive of a mortgage bond of 
 £375 made in order to build the church, but which the 
 government of Sir George Napier liberally cancelled ou the 
 24th November, 1843 — a measure of generosity accorded to 
 all the other churches of the Colony. The Colonial Govern- 
 ment at the same time granted to the Chaplain and Church- 
 wardens in two separate plots one morgen and 445 square 
 roods for a burial-ground, adjacent to the old burialplace of 
 the English congregation on the south side of Barkens 
 river.* A year or two later a glebe of 4893 acres, worth 
 
 * In 1845 the Churchwardens recommend that " as the natural 
 shrubbery of this secluded spot " — now one of the most populous parts 
 
8S Engl is Ji Chiu'ck History hi South Africa. 
 
 twenty pounds a year, was given by ticket of occupation 
 (without title) for the clergyman of S. Mary's. The church 
 at Sidbury had so far progressed that an Ordinance was 
 also passed for that parish, to which the Rev. G. V. Thorpe, 
 B.A., was appointed Provisional Chaplain. 
 
 The Capetown Committee of the Colonial Church Society 
 was actively canvassing for subscriptions towards their 
 proj^osed church, the list including donations of £20 from 
 the Queen Dowager, £50 from the Countess of Caledon, and 
 £10 from the Bishop of Calcutta. A site had been secured 
 in Harrington Street at a cost (including preliminary 
 expenses) of £300, and in June, 1842, tenders were invited 
 for building a church to seat five hundred persons. The 
 purchase of the site and the cost of laying the foundations 
 almost exhausted the funds in hand, and urgent a2)2^eaLs 
 continued to be made for additional funds. A proposal to 
 put an iron railing round St. George's was strongly opposed 
 by certain shareholders as tending to apply the funds to jiur- 
 poses injurious to their interest, but was finally carried out. 
 
 In August, 1842, a number of calamitous shipwrecks 
 occurred on the coast, in particular the Sahiita in Algoa 
 Bay, when twenty-two were drowned, and the convict ship 
 Waterloo in Table Bay, in which one hundred and eighty- 
 nine perished. A sermon upon these events, entitled " Ship- 
 wreck-Judgments of God," preached l)y Dr. Okes, Senior 
 Provincial Chaplain of Wynberg and Pondebosch, was thought 
 worthy of a jilace in the Church of UiKjland Mcujazine* 
 
 of Port l^llizabeth — " bus been cxtirijatcd, that linrdy and clci^'ant 
 exotic Nicoliana Gluucom " — the wild tobacco, now a troublesome! 
 weed — " which api)ear8 to grow in almost any soil and braves the 
 greatest exposure, should be sown." (Vestry licport, S. oMury's, 1', ]•]., 
 Easter, 1815.) 
 
 * Church of England Marjazlnc for 1813, vol. xiv., p. 200. ])j\ 
 Okes was also the author of a *' Catechism relatiuL^ to the six days' 
 creation as revealed in tlio Holy liiljje, intended for tlie use of youn^ 
 jiersons." Cai)etown, June, 1845. 
 
English Church History in South Afinca. 89 
 
 In 18-13 there was another Ej)iscopal visit to the Cape. 
 Dr. Nixon, the first Bishop of Tasmania, accompanied by 
 Archdeacon Marriott of Hobart-town, arrived in Table Bay 
 on the 15th May. On Thursday, the 18th, he held a Con- 
 firmation at St. George's at 11 a.m., when " many hundreds " 
 were confirmed, Confirmation not having been administered 
 here since 1834. On Friday, the 19th, his lordship consc- 
 secrated Wynberg Church * and St. Frances' Church at 
 Simonstown, and sailed on the 23rd. 
 
 At Eondebosch it was found necessary to provide addi- 
 tional accommodation in the church for the increasing 
 congregation, by erecting a gallery, and the collection at 
 the ninth anniversary service (19th February, 1843), when 
 Mr. Blair was the preacher, was for this object. 
 
 The church at Sidbury was at a standstill for want of 
 funds. The people had raised £1,000, but a further sum 
 of £300 was required, for which Mr. Thorpe made a public 
 appeal, and a special sermon with collection was preached 
 at St. George's by Mr. Hough for this object. It is note- 
 worthy hov/ the number of special sermons increased after 
 the opening of the Long Street Chapel. Formerly there 
 had only been an annual sermon in October at St. George's 
 for the S.P.C.K. with an occasional special sermon for 
 schools, and after the opening of the Eondebosch Church 
 an anniversary of that event. But from the year 1842, there 
 were special sermons for the Colonial Church Society, the 
 Eeligious Tract Society, in aid of churches building in the 
 Colony, for schools, and upon various occasions. 
 
 A very important regulation with regard to religious 
 grants was made by Ordinance No. 7, 1843, for repealing 
 
 * No name is assigned to this clnu'cli in the deed of consecration, 
 but it appears from the Kegisters that it was ah-cady called St. John's 
 Church, and had been so called since the date of its opening in 1839; 
 tlKUXgh in the newspaper advertisements of baptisms and marriages 
 during 1840 it frequently appears as "S. George's Church, Wynberg." 
 
90 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 De Mist's Church Eegulations of 180i and enacting others 
 in their stead, commonly called the Dutch Church Ordinance. 
 It is expressly provided by clause 2 that " no religious 
 community or denomination within this Colony is or shall 
 be entitled to claim, as a matter of right, from or out of 
 Her Majesty's Eevenue in this Colony, any pecuniary con- 
 tribution or allowance, for or towards the suj)port of the 
 ministry of any such community or denomination, or any 
 other object whatever, and all sums granted from time to 
 time out of the revenue to any such community or denomi- 
 nation shall be deemed to be merely voluntary and gratui- 
 tous, and as such to be at all times and exclusively under 
 the absolute disposition and control of Government, and 
 revocable at Her Majesty's will and pleasure."* In conse- 
 quence of this new regulation the Government made it a 
 condition that some fixed amount of a Minister's salary 
 should be paid either by the congregation or by a society 
 before they would sanction any new apj^ointment. 
 
 On Tuesday, January 18th, 1844, the foundation-stone 
 of a building to be used as a Sunday-school in connection 
 with St. George's, Grahamstown, was laid by Mrs. Ilarc, 
 wife of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province. 
 There was a procession to the site headed by the band of 
 the 91st Regiment, and the stone was laid with the usual 
 religious and masonic ceremonies, followed by an address 
 from Mr. Heavyside. The stone bore the following 
 inscription : " In Nomine SS. Trinitatis, anno VII Regni 
 Victorias, D.G. Britt : Reg : Prima h.x'C fundamina a3dificii 
 bona; et religiosa3 Juvenum Institutioni in fide Christi ac 
 disciplina Ecclesiacj Anglicamc diebus prtDScrtim Dominicis 
 in perpetuum dicandi rite posuit Domina Clarissa Hare, 
 Honorati Provincite Precfecti Conjux. Die XIV. Jul : Kal : 
 
 * A Proclamation of the same date gives sufficient assurance of Ww. 
 permanency of the salaries already granted, at least in so far as tlio 
 Dutch Church was concerned. 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 91 
 
 MDCCCXLIV. Jolianne Heavyside Presbytero ministrantc, 
 F. H. Cole, Jabez Hart, Sacrorum Custodibus." 
 
 In Marcli tbe Government of the Colony passed from Sir 
 George Napier into tbe hands of Sir Peregrine Maitland, a 
 man of advanced age and earnest Christian character, deeply 
 interested in Missions. He himself stated that his chief 
 motive in accepting the appointment was that he might be 
 enabled to promote the spiritual and temporal improvement 
 of the natives in South Africa. He was accompanied by his 
 nephew, the Eev. Brownlow Maitland, M.A., as Private 
 Secretary, who during his stay in the Colony frequently 
 officiated for the clergy, and also acted for a time as Military 
 Chaplain. Among the addresses presented to Sir P. 
 Maitland on his arrival, was one from the vestry of S. 
 Mary's, Port Elizabeth, wherein the great want of a Bishop 
 to regulate the affairs of the English Church was a 
 prominent subject. 
 
 This year the British Settlers of the Eastern Province 
 commemorated the twenty-fifth anniversary of their arrival 
 in the Colony, — the two earliest vessels, the Chapman and 
 the Nautilus, with the first parties having anchored in Algoa 
 Bay on April 9th, 1820. On Wednesday, April 10th, 1844, 
 commemoration services were held at Grahamstown and 
 Port Elizabeth. St. George's, Grahamstown, was filled to 
 overflowing, the Church service being said by the Eev. 
 J. Heavyside, and a jubilee anthem and prayer for the 
 Queen sung by the choir. The sermon was preached from 
 1 Samuel xii. 24, by William Shaw, Wesleyan Minister, 
 who gave a brief history of the settlement with an estimate 
 of its results, concluding with a warm expression of grati- 
 tude and a cheerful forecast of the future. At Port Eliza- 
 beth services were held at St. Mary's, Mr. McClelland, 
 himself one of the original settlers, officiating and preaching 
 from Deut. xxix. 10, 11 ; and as the congregation left the 
 church " Rule Britannia " was played, — the organist doubt- 
 less intending this as an appropriate compliment to the 
 
92 EngUsJi ChurcJi History in S 021th Africa. 
 
 mercantile character of tlie Port Elizabeth settlers, or a 
 forecast of the commercial greatness of the South African 
 Liverpool. At the dinner which followed, Mr. Chase, in 
 proposing " the memory of tliose settlers whom it has 
 pleased Providence to remove," paid a " graceful tribute of 
 friendly recollection to {Inter inultos alios) the Rev. W. 
 Boardmau, the sound scholar, and kind-hearted Episcopal 
 Minister of Bathurst." 
 
 In September a free school for boys in connection with 
 St. George's, Capetown, was opened in New Street : and at 
 Rondebosch it was proposed to open an infant school near 
 the " Three Cups " (Mow^bray), in a building belonging to 
 the Road establishment, the use of which was granted by 
 the Government. Funds were collected by a Committee, of 
 which Mr. Montagu was Chairman, and on the last Sunday 
 in the year, December 29th, 1S44, a sermon was jn-eachcd 
 at Rondebosch by Mr. Blair for this object, and £23 col- 
 lected. 
 
 At the beginning of 18-15 a periodical was started in 
 Capetown, which, though not exclusively a Church organ, 
 was the first literary attempt in connection with the Church, 
 and was edited by Mr. Blair. It w^as called The Cape of 
 Good Hope Christian 3Tagazine, and was largely made up of 
 extracts from Low Church and dissenting publications, with 
 occasional paragraphs of local religious interest, sermons, 
 ttc. It lasted until the end of 181G. 
 
 The Governor, in laying the Estimates for 1845 before 
 the Council, proposed under the head of Ecclesiastical 
 Establislimcnts to abolish as charges upon the public 
 revenue the salaries of Church clerks, sextons, organists and 
 bellringers, justly remarking that such charges should bo 
 borne by the congregations themselves. The amount tlius 
 saved was from the English Church £3G3, and from the 
 Dutch £709, in lieu whereof llis Excellency placed upon 
 the Estimates £100 to provide two additional Chaplains for 
 the Church of England, and £800 for four Dutch Ministers, 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 95 
 
 at £200 per annum each. There was already an additional 
 grant of £200 a year for the Chaplain at Sidbury. The 
 new grants were thus aj)propriated : £200 to George, £100 
 to Graaff-Eeinet, and £100 to be divided between Wynberg 
 and Eondebosch, so as to bring the income of each up to 
 £150 a year. The arrangement had hitherto been that Dr. 
 Okes and Mr. Fry were both regarded as Provisional 
 Chaplains, senior and junior, of Wynberg, and the Churches 
 at Wynberg and Eondebosch were served by them in turn 
 on alternate Sundays, the former receiving £120 and the 
 latter £80 a year. This provisional arrangement now 
 ceased — Dr. Okes being appointed Chaplain at Wynberg, 
 and Mr. Fry Chaplain at Eondebosch, each with a grant 
 from Government of £150. The Eev. E. T. Scott was 
 appointed on May 22nd to George, where a Church fund 
 was at once started; and the Eev. W. Long (then in 
 Deacon's Orders)* was appointed in August Minister of the 
 English Episcopal Church at Graaff-Eeinet, where steps 
 were immediately taken to build a church, for which an 
 Ordinance was passed the following year. An assistant or 
 junior Chaplain was also appointed by the Home Govern- 
 ment to St. George's, Capetown, at a stipend of £300 a year, 
 for which post the Eev. E. G. Lamb arrived in September 
 together with the Eev. George Dacre, who had been 
 appointed Military Chaplain in Capetown. 
 
 Two Church Ordinances were passed in 1845; one 
 authorizing the election of a Vestry and Churchwardens 
 for Eondebosch Church, first called St. Paul's in the Ordi- 
 nance ; the second authorizing a sum of money to be raised 
 in shares for building a church at Fort Beaufort, in accord- 
 ance with the resolution of a meeting held there on Nov. 15, 
 1842,— the S.P.C.K., and S.P.G. having each granted £100 
 towards the building. 
 
 * Mr. Long had been ordained by the Bishop of London "for the 
 cure of souls in Her Majesty's foreign possessions," and sent out by 
 the S.P.G., by whom part of his salary at Graaff-Ivcinet was paid. 
 
94 English Church History in Sonth Africa. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 1846-1848. 
 
 Capetown. 
 
 Military (1807). 
 Eev. G. Dacre, 1845-1854. 
 
 Colonial (1811). 
 
 Eev. G. Hougli (Senior 
 
 Chaplain), 1817-1847. 
 
 (Absent on leave.) 
 
 Eev. E. G. Lamb (Junior 
 
 Chaplain), 1845-1848. 
 
 SiMONSTOWN (1813). 
 
 Eev. E. Judge, 1840-1872. 
 
 Bathurst (1820). 
 Eev. J. Barrow, 1833-1874. 
 
 Wynberg (1821;. 
 Eev. Dr. Okes, 1834-1855. 
 
 Grahamstowx (1823). 
 Eev. J. Heavyside, 1838- 
 18G1. 
 
 Port Elizabeth ^1825). 
 Eev. F. McClelland, 1825- 
 1853. 
 
 Clergy. 
 
 EONDEBOSCH (1834). 
 Eev. J. Fry, 1840-1861. 
 
 SiDBURY (1842). 
 Eev. G. V. Thorpe, 1842- 
 1849. 
 
 George (1845). 
 Eev. E. T. Scott, 1845-1848. 
 
 Graaff-Eeinet (1845). 
 Eev. W. Long, 1845-1854. 
 
 UlTENHAGE (1847). 
 
 Eev. W. Copeman, 1847. 
 
 Eev. H. Beaver, Col. Ch. 
 Soc. Chaplain, Fort Beau- 
 fort, 1842. 
 
 Eev. T. A. Blair, Col. Ch. 
 Soc. Chaplain (Trinity 
 Church), 1841. 
 
 Eev. G. F. Childe, Eoyal 
 Observatory, 1846. 
 
 The deplorable Kafir war whicl], in spite of Sir Peregrine 
 Maitland's philaiithroi^ic intentions, raged during the greater 
 part of the year 1846, seems to have occupied men's minds 
 to the almost entire exclusion of other matters : and there 
 is no year throughout the whole period wo have been 
 reviewing which affords so little to chronicle. The Governor 
 
English Church History in Sonth Africa. 95 
 
 and liis staff, including the Rev. B. Haitian d, were on the 
 frontier, and martial law was in force throughout the 
 Colony. At the suggestion of the Synodical Commission of 
 the Dutch Reformed Church, Thursday, 28th of May, was 
 observed as a day of Humiliation and Prayer in consequence 
 of the war, and the awful situation into which the country 
 had been plunged, and the Ministers and members of other 
 Churches were requested to unite with the Dutch Church 
 for that purpose. 
 
 On the subject of a Bishopric for the Cape the following 
 resolution was passed (6th January), the Feast of the 
 Epiphany, by the Capetown District Committee of the 
 S.P.C.K. : — " That this society, contemplating with deep 
 concern the insufficient provision which has been hitherto 
 made for the spiritual care of the members of our national 
 Church residing in this Colony, especially as it regards the 
 want of a systematic superintendence of the Clergy, the 
 operations of missionary enterprise in connection with the 
 form and polity of our Church, and the absence of those 
 ordinances the administration of which is committed exclu- 
 sively to the Episcopal Order, do earnestly petition the 
 standing Committee of Bishops in London (appointed with 
 full powers to confer with the Ministers of the Crown to 
 arrange measures in concert with them for the erection of 
 Bishoprics in the British Colonies), that their Lordships 
 would be pleased to take into consideration the claims of 
 the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and if possible assist 
 it, as an important dependence of the Empire, with the early 
 endowment of a Bishopric."* About the same time an 
 earnest appeal was numerously signed by the inhabitants of 
 the Eastern Province and forwarded to the Committee of the 
 Colonial Bishoprics' Fund.f 
 
 The relations between the Senior and Junior Chaj^lains at 
 St. George's were from the first not very cordial. So early 
 
 * Minute Book of Committee of S.P.C.K. in St. George's, Capetown, 
 t Appendix D. 
 
g5 EnglisJi CJutrch History in South Africa. 
 
 as December, 1845, there liad been differences between them 
 as to the religions instruction given in the Boys' School, and 
 in April, 1846, Mr. Hough being in ill-health left for 
 England on an extended leave of absence, from which he 
 did not return, resigning the Chaplaincy which he had held 
 for thirty years, in 1847. St. George's was at this time 
 improved by the erection of a clock at a cost of £75, and 
 there was a sensible jiroposal (which was not however 
 carried out) to reduce the height of the pews. Trinity 
 Church, Harrington Street, was finished, and opened for 
 Divine service on the Fifth Sunday after Trinity, 12th 
 July, 1845, Mr. Blair being the Incumbent; the building 
 remained burdened, however, with a debt of £1,700. About 
 the same time the Green Point Chapel and School House 
 was opened with a sermon by Mr. Blair, who continued to 
 officiate there occasionally, alternately with dissenters of 
 various denominations. 
 
 In March, 1847, a second Ordinance was passed for Ron- 
 debosch Church (No. 4 of 1847), authorizing the Ycstry to 
 raise, by mortgage on the security of the pew rents, a sum 
 of money not exceeding £2,000 for the enlargement of the 
 church. This was the year of the great Irish famine, and 
 a sermon, with collection for the destitute Irish, was 
 preached at St. George's by Mr. Lamb on the 21st March. 
 The Eev. P. W. Copcman, M.A., arrived in April, having 
 been appointed by Her Majesty Minister of the English 
 Episcopal Church at Uitenhage, the Government granting 
 £100 a year on condition of the people raising £75 among 
 themselves;-'^ the S.P.G. granting £25 a year to make it 
 up to £200. The Rev. G. F. Childo also arrived this year 
 for the Royal 01)servatory. 
 
 On the 25th June, 1847, Letters Patent were issued 
 founding the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and its 
 Dependencies, together with the island of St. Helena, to be 
 
 * At the end of two years, however, £25 wns all that the clergyman 
 had received from the j)eople. (JournalM kejjt at C. V%. II. in Col. Cli. 
 vol. 3. p. 310. — Evidently by Archdeacon Merriman.) 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 97 
 
 a Bishop's See and Diocese, under the style of the Bishopric 
 of Capetown, and the Church of St. George's, Capetown, a 
 Cathedral Church and Bishop's See, also constituting the 
 whole town of Capetown a city to be called the city of Cape- 
 town ; and nominating and appointing Eobert Gray, D.D., 
 to be called and known by the name or title of the Lord 
 Bishop of Capetown.* 
 
 On St. Peter's Day, Tuesday, 29th June, 1847, Dr. Gray 
 was consecrated in Westminster Abbey, together with the 
 Bishops of Melbourne (Dr. Perry), Newcastle (Dr. Tyrrell), 
 and Adelaide (Dr. Short). The following account of the 
 service is abridged from a very full report in the Colonial 
 Church Chronicle.] Sixteen hundred tickets of admission 
 were issued, and before the service not only all those pro- 
 vided with tickets but several others from distant parts of 
 the country filled up every available spot in the church. 
 At 11 o'clock the procession issued from the Jerusalem 
 Chamber in the following order : — 
 Beadle. 
 Almsmen of St. Peter's, Westminster. 
 Choristers. 
 Gentlemen of the Choir. 
 Minor Canons. 
 Canons' Verger. 
 
 Canons. 
 
 Dean's Verger. 
 
 The Dean. 
 
 Bishops-Designate. 
 
 Bishops-Assistant. 
 
 Archbishop's Verger. 
 
 The Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 Archbishop's Cbaj^lains. 
 
 Secretary and Law Officers. 
 
 Matins were sung by the Eev. W. H. Cope, the responses 
 
 * Appendix C. t Vol. i., p. 41. 
 
98 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 being made to Tallis's harmonies, accompanied by tlio 
 organ. The Psalms were chanted to the first tone, fourth 
 ending, as harmonized by Tallis, whose Te Deim and Bene- 
 dictus were also sung, the Lessons being read by the Eev. 
 H. H. Milman and the Eev. Lord John Thynne. In the 
 Communion Service, the Archbishop was celebrant, the 
 Bishops of Lichfield and Chichester being Epistoler and 
 Gospeller, The sermon was preached by the Bishop of 
 London from St. John xxi. 17. At its conclusion, while the 
 Bishops were being vested in their rochets, Farrant's exqui- 
 site anthem. Lord, for Thy tender mercies' sahe, was sung. 
 The Bishops-Designate were presented to the Archbishop 
 by the Bishops of Winchester and Gloucester. Tallis's 
 Litany was then sung by the Precentor of Westminster and 
 the Eev. J. Lupton, accompanied by the full choir and 
 organ, and the suffrages and concluding prayers by the 
 officiating minor Canon. After the examination j^rescribed 
 in the ordinal, Handel's chorus. The Lord gave the word, 
 with the tenor solo, Hoiv beautiful are the feet, and the con- 
 cluding chorus, TJicir sound is gone out, from the " Messiah," 
 were sung, while the Bishops assumed the rest of the epi- 
 scopal habit. The Veni Creator was sung over them to 
 Tallis's harmonies, and the following Bishops assisted the 
 Archbishop in the imposition of hands : the Bishoj)s of 
 London, Winchester, Gloucester, Chichester and Lichfield. 
 The Bishops of Oxford, St. Asaph, Madras, Tasmania, and 
 Antigua were also jH-esent. About 7G0 j^ersons received the 
 Holy Communion, which was sung throughout to Tallis, and 
 the amount collected at the offertory was £550 for the 
 Colonial Bishops' fund. " Such i'fe the bare dry detail of a 
 ceremony of wliich it is impossible to convey the interest 
 and the heart-stirring felt by those who witnessed it. Our 
 strong feeling was, that it was a day wortli having lived to 
 see : — to have lived to sec four additional Bishops sent out 
 to lands far off ... . this was much to be thankful 
 for. But to see these Bishops set apart to their high office 
 
English Church History in South Africa. 99 
 
 in the face of sixteen liundred jDersons — to witness the 
 devout earnestness and reverent attention of that great con- 
 gregation, and to partake with nearly eight hundred persons 
 of the Holy Communion — was a comfort, a privilege, and a 
 blessing, which could be fully appreciated only by those 
 who were present." 
 
 The next few months were spent by Bishop Gray in 
 pleading the cause of his South African Diocese, and on the 
 20th December the Bishop and his party, which included 
 the Eevs. Hon. H. Douglas, H. Badnall, and Messrs. David- 
 son, Clark, Scott, Wilson, Wheeler, and Steabler, sailed in 
 the ship Persia and arrived in Table Bay on Sunday, 20th 
 Feb., 1848. By Government Notice dated 21st Feb., the 
 Governor directed the publication of the Letters Patent 
 in the Gazette^ and on the 18th April His Excellency 
 directed it to be further notified that all communications 
 connected with the ecclesiastical and secular affairs of the 
 Church of England in this Colony, which had heretofore 
 been made to the Government were in future to be addressed 
 to his Lordship. Although the Governor thus formally 
 divested himself of his jurisdiction as Ordinary, the title 
 was retained both by himself and his successor, Sir G. 
 Cathcart, and was not finally disused until the arrival of 
 Sir George Grey in 1854. 
 
 We have now reached the limits which we had assigned 
 to ourselves for these sketches. The record of the eventful 
 history of the Church in South Africa since the appoint- 
 ment of a Bishop — for which ample materials exist — must 
 be left to later times and to an abler pen than that which 
 has essayed to sketch the earlier and comparatively un- 
 eventful years of the Church's existence in this laud. It 
 only remains briefly to review the state of the Church in 
 the Colony at the time of Bishop Gray's arrival. 
 
 Though England had now held possession of the Capo 
 for more than forty years, the Mother Church had evinced 
 very little interest in the religious condition of South 
 
 n 2 
 
100 English ChurcJi History in Sonth Africa. 
 
 Africa, wLich, tliougli nominally under tlie sj^iritual charge 
 of the Bishop of Calcutta, was in as neglected and hopeless 
 a state as could well be. At least forty or fifty thousand 
 English emigrants had been brought into the Colony, yet 
 nothing had been done to provide them with clergy, 
 churches, or schools. Every form of dissent throve and 
 held a better position than the Church, which was at its 
 very lowest ebb, and a proverb and a bye-word in the land 
 for its inefficiency. The S.P.G. was spending in Africa 
 £75 out of an annual income of £89,000 ; and the whole 
 amount raised by the Church in the Colony was not more 
 than £500 a year. There were twelve Chaplains at a cost 
 to Government of £2,945 a year, and two others supported 
 by the Colonial Church Society. There were only ten 
 churches in the whole Colony, — five in the Western, and 
 five in the Eastern Province — none between Capetown and 
 Port Elizabeth ; so that large tracts of country, including 
 such districts as Caledon, Swellendam, and Knysna, in 
 which were considerable numbers of English families, were 
 spiritually destitute. Nor was any attempt made to gather 
 into the Church's fold the multitudes of heathen with whom 
 the Colony abounded. While English, French, and German 
 Societies of various denominations were sending out their 
 Missionaries, the Church of England was almost the only 
 communion which was doing nothing for the conversion of 
 the heathen within and around the Colony. In the adjacent 
 Colony of Natal, and in the Orange Eiver Sovereignty, 
 there was not a single English clergyman. Uven in those 
 places where clergymen were stationed the state of the 
 Church was far from satisfactory. On his first visitation 
 Bishop Gray wrote: — "Most unfortunately wliere our few 
 clergy have been located, my ears have been jjaiiied with 
 complaints and grievances, and I fear not without sufiicicnt 
 cause. The clergy generally in this Diocese do not under- 
 stand parochial work, tliey are not men who are instant in 
 season, out of season ; not earnest, devout, laborious ministers 
 
English C J lurch History in Sonth Africa. lOl 
 
 of God. At the same time they have very difficult duties 
 to fulfil. They have no opportunities of seeing each other 
 and stirring up one another to their duties, and sink in 
 consequence into dull apathetic officials."* Again he 
 writes : " It is very mortifying to have to spend so much 
 time at peace-making wherever we have clergy. That has 
 been my chief occupation at the only places where I have 
 found them." In Capetown itself Church matters were in 
 a very bad state. The senior Chaplain had been absent in 
 England on sick leave for nearly two years, and had just 
 resigned. The only two clergy of Capetown — who both 
 resided at Green Point, fully three miles from their 
 churches — were extreme Low Churchmen, and members of 
 a little so-called Evangelical Alliance. The Baptismal 
 Eegeneration controversy was raging, and sermons and 
 pamphlets were being issued against that doctrine of the 
 Church ; and, though sober-minded Churchmen were much 
 dissatisfied at the state of things, there was a party full of 
 jealousies and suspicions, and ripe for almost anything. At 
 St. George's there were no services except on Sundays : at 
 Trinity there was a week-day evening lecture, badly 
 attended. At Wynberg, in a school founded and supported 
 by the Church, part of the Church Catechism was omitted 
 for fear of giving offence. In the Eastern Province only 
 two clergy seemed to be doing any real work. One clergy- 
 man had not for some time had a single adult at church. 
 In short, the state of the Church in the Colony was one 
 dead level of inefficiency, incompetency, and neglect. 
 
 It was to this " heritage of woe " that Bishop Gray suc- 
 ceeded. Yet there were gleams of hope. At the close of 
 his first visitation the Bishop wrote if "I have seen our 
 people, though long and grievously neglected, still cling- 
 ing to their Mother Church, and ready to make great 
 
 * Life of Bishop Gray, vol. i., p. 194. 
 t Journals of Visitation in 1848. 
 
102 English Church History in South Africa. 
 
 personal exertions and sacrifices to share in lier ministra- 
 tions ; and I am convinced that our day of grace as a Church 
 has not passed away ; but that God has still a great work 
 for us to do in South Africa, if we have but the heart and 
 the faith to enter upon it." In such a spirit of faith and 
 hope did the noble-minded Bishop Gray enter upon the 
 difficult work, which, by God's blessing, with undaunted 
 energy and apostolic zeal he was to achieve for the Church 
 of Christ in South Africa. 
 
( I03 ) 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 The following is a list, nearly complete, of Dr. Halloran's published 
 works. They are said to amount in all to seventeen. 
 
 1. A Sermon on the occasion of the glorious and decisive Victory 
 gained by the British Fleet, under command of Lord Viscount 
 Nelson, over the united and more numerous forces of France and 
 Spain, off Cape Trafalgar, on Monday the 21st October, 1805, 
 delivered on board H.M.S. Britannia at sea, on Sunday the 3rd 
 November, 1805. By Laurence Halloran, D.D., Chaplain of the 
 aforesaid ship, and Secretary to Rear Admiral the Earl of Northesk. 
 (Date and place unknown, but translated into Dutch and printed 
 at the Cape of Good Hope, 1808. Post 8vo. pp. 20.) 
 
 2. The Battle of Trafalgar, a poem, to which is added, A Selection 
 of Fugitive Pieces, chietly written at sea. By Lawrence Halloran, 
 D.D., late Chaplain of the Britannia, and Secretary to Rear Admiral 
 the Earl of Northesk, K.B. Conamur tenues grandia. Horace. 
 London : Printed for the author, by Joyce Gold, Shoe Lane ; and 
 sold by B. White, Fleet Street; R. Faulder, Bond Street; J. 
 Asperne, Cornhill ; and W. N. Gardner, PaU Mall. 1806. Price 
 10s. M. 8vo. pp. 130. 
 
 3. A Sermon on the Guilt of Dishonesty. In its various degrees ; 
 on its usual incentives ; and present and future punishment. 
 Delivered before the British Army at the Cape of Good Hope, on 
 Sunday the 29th May, 1808. By Laurens Halloran, D.D., Chaplain 
 to His Majesty's Forces at that Settlement, late Chaplain and 
 Secretary to Rear Admiral the Earl of Northesk, K.B., &c. 
 Printed for the author for the purpose of gratuitous distribution. 
 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 4. Proceedings including Original Correspondence, Official Docu- 
 ments, Exhibits, &c., duly authenticated and attested as correct 
 extracts from the records of the Court of Justice, at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, in a criminal process for a libel, instituted at the suit 
 of Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. H. G. Grey ; and by order of the Right 
 Hon. Earl of Caledc^i, Governor of that Colony, against Lawrence 
 Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain to His Majesty's Forces in South 
 Africa. 
 
 " In Heaven tlierc still is justice 
 For all ; and sometimes to be found on earth ; — 
 I will implore it — both of God and mcu !" 
 " To all the world 
 I'll publish you a ' T/jnoit'' — infamy 
 Shall still pursue your steps ; that every one 
 IMay hate, may shun you, and with just abbovrrcncc 
 jMay point you out to all who know you not !" — Meiastasio. 
 
104 Appendix A. 
 
 London : Printed by T. Harper, jun., Crane Court, Fleet Street. 
 1811. 8vo. pp. 711. 
 
 5. A Sermon for the General Fast, 5tli February, 1812. With an 
 Appendix, by Lawrence Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain to His Majesty's 
 Naval and 'Military Forces, and Hector of the Public Grammsr 
 School at the Cape of Good Hope. Price 2s. GcZ. 4to. Jones. 1812. 
 
 [It does not appear that this sermon was ever preached, but it 
 was printed for the sake of giving publicity to the author's complaint 
 of the injustice done to him at the Cape.] 
 
 6. Tributary Stanzas of affectionate regard to the memory of 
 Wm. Dawson, Esq., of Liverpool; Captain of H.M.S. Piedmontaise ; 
 who lately died in the East Indies, in the twenty-nineth year of his 
 age. By Lawi-ence Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain to H.M. Naval 
 and MHitary Forces, and Rector of the Pubhc Grammar School 
 at the Cape of Good Hope. Price Is. 6d. 4to. Stockdale. 1812. 
 
 7. A Sermon occasioned by the sudden death of Mr. Robert 
 Strange, of Thordon, July 25, 1813. By L. Blakeney, M.A., Curate 
 ofThordon, and Beddingtield, Suffolk. Price 2s. 4to. Wilson. 1813. 
 
 [This is both a funeral and farewell sermon.] 
 
 8. A Pair of Odes for the New Year, 1814, being an Ode occasioned 
 by the festivities at Belvoir Castle, on the recent baptism of the 
 infant Marquis of Granby ; and a Revolutionary Ode, addressed to 
 the French nation, and respectfully inscribed to His Majesty, 
 Louis XVIIL, the legitimate sovereign of France. By the Rev. L. 
 Blakeney, A.M., Curate of Lechlade. Price 2s. 4to. Wilson. 1814. 
 
 9. A Sermon preached before the members of a " Friendly 
 Society," at their Annual General Meeting, held at Lechlade, in 
 the county of Gloucester, May 30, 1814. By L. Blakeney, A.M., 
 Curate of Lechlade. Price 2s. 4to. Printed at Cirencester, 1815. 
 
 10. A Sermon preached at the Annual Visitation of Dursley, 
 May, 23, 1815, before the worshipful and Reverend Thomas 
 Rudge, B.D., Archdeacon of Gloucester, and the Reverend the 
 Clergy of the Deanery of Dursley. By the Rev. L. Blakeney, A.M., 
 Curate and Lecturer of Dursley. (Text, 2 Tim. ii. 23-25.) 
 Price 2s. 4to. Printed at Cirencester. 1815. 
 
 11. A Farewell Sermon, or parting Address to his Parishioners. 
 By the Rev. L. Blakeney, A.M. (No date.) Price 2s. 4to. 
 Printed at Cirencester. 1815. 
 
 12. Ne^vgate, <n- Desultory Sketches in a Prison. A poem and 
 other original fugitive pieces, with notes and an appendix. By 
 Lawrence Halloran, D.D., at present a prisoner in His Majesty's 
 Gaol of Newgate, under sentence of transportation for seven years, 
 on a charge of having defrauded tlie Post Ollice revenue oi the sum 
 of " Tkn Pence," l)y counterfeiting a franc. " Adsit regula peccatis 
 quas poonas irroget a^quas ; ne scutica dignum horribili scctcre 
 iiagello." Loudon: Printed for the autlior, and sold for the benefit 
 of his numerous young family, by Whitmore and Fenn, Charing 
 Cross. 1818. 4to. pp. 74. 
 
( 105 ) 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, 
 24:th March, 1818. 
 
 To the Lord Bishop of London. 
 
 " My Lord,— My professional duty as Commissioner of His 
 Majesty's Navy resident in this Colony, lately induced me to take 
 a journey through the south-eastern parts of it, in order to visit a 
 port recently discovered at the mouth of the Eiver Knysna ; and in 
 the course of it, I have made such observations upon the state of 
 the country through which I have passed mth respect to its inhabi- 
 tants as appear to be deserving of your Lordship's notice. Under 
 such an impression, I take the liberty of offering them, in the 
 conviction that should they open any means of extending the 
 influence of the Church of England, and consequently of diffusing 
 the knowledge of the Gospel, your Lordship will excuse the 
 intrusion. 
 
 " Throughout the whole extent of country between Hottentot's 
 Holland and Plettenberg Bay, there are but three clergymen, viz., 
 one at Caledon, one at George, and the other at Swellendam. The 
 population exceeds 7,000, and is constantly increasing. The 
 dwellings of the inhabitants, generally speaking, are scattered 
 through these districts at such a distance from the places above 
 mentioned, that very few can form part of the weekly congregation. 
 The farmers have no means of instruction within themselves ; in 
 some instances a schoolmaster is kept in the family, or rather a 
 person who can barely read and write, of low origin, and often of 
 vicious habits. Books of any description, except the Bible (and not 
 always that), are seldom seen in their houses. The hoers of this 
 Colony are by no means deficient in capacity, or good dispositions ; 
 on the contrary, I have generally remarked amongst them great 
 intelligence, much frankness and disinterestedness, and their hospi- 
 tality is a theme of praise with all who have had recourse to it. 
 
 " Their defects and privations arise from inveterate prejudices, 
 inherited from the early colonists, and fostered by the state of gross 
 ignorance in which they have been brought up. No amelioration 
 can take place whilst these obstacles exist ; and 1 feel convinced they 
 can only be removed by religious instruction. No_ legislative 
 measures for the improvement of the country (of which it is greatly 
 susceptible) can be eflicacious, until the understandings of these 
 people are made parties in the cause. At present they are in direct 
 
lo6 Appendix B. 
 
 liostility to any cliange however advantageous. I'lie radical evil I 
 consider to be the state of slavery in this country, or rather the 
 manner in which this wretched class of men are viewed by the 
 colonists. The slaves here labour under disabilities which I believe 
 are peculiar to this country. They are, by the existing laws of the 
 Colony, prohibited from becoming Christians, and from marrying. 
 
 " The tirst of these cruel restrictions has, in a few instances, been 
 dispensed with, but the latter never. On the contrary, it is most 
 jiertinaciously adhered to. The effect of such laws is but too 
 evident, not only to the judgment, but to experience. The first 
 gives the utmost facility to the diffusion of the INIahometan tenets, 
 whilst it impedes the progress of Christianity; and the most 
 immoral and pernicious consequences inevitably result from the 
 latter. These are too obvious and too well known to admit of their 
 being dwelt upon. I will only observe that the youth of the most 
 opulent families are, in consequence of such a system, brought up in 
 total abandonment of those priuciples from which alone they can 
 ever be expected to become Avorthy and exemjilary fathers of 
 families. The most unquestionable authority may be referred to in 
 support of these observations. Many of the jirincipal slave jiro- 
 ])rietors, if- is notorious, give a preference to their slaves being 
 ]Mah(jmetans instead of Christians ; in the first place, because they 
 conceive it induces sobriety, and in the next, as it gives them a 
 jMnver over their female slaves which is incompatible with 
 Christianity. 
 
 " These practices, which in the educated colonists are to be viewed 
 Avith just abhorrence, must, amongst the illiterate boers, be deplored 
 as the eflect of dark ignorance. A total reformation of the former 
 class I consider as almost hopeless. They may be aAved by the 
 expression of public rei)roach, l)ut the inclination will remain, and 
 every means will be resorted to to retain their powei*. With the 
 latter class (the great majority) it is very different. They err from 
 want of knowing better; and, I am convinced, possess feelings which, 
 if jiroperly directed, would gl<»rify their (>od, and bring down His 
 blessings upon their country. The dis])osition of the present 
 Government of this Colony to annihilate these evils, is all that can 
 1)6 wished. Ptepeated efforts have Iteen made by his Excellency 
 the Governor to ameliorate the situation of the slaves and lower 
 classes, but his ])ower is not suflicient to ]»roduce the desired effect. 
 The ]K*rsons of influence amongst the colonists are too jealous of the 
 articles of cajiitulation to hear of the smallest alteration being made 
 in these laws; they instantly take the alarm, and join unanimously 
 to reject every idea of improvement which they sus[iect may, in any 
 way however remote, interfere with their interests; and their slaves 
 are considered as the most valuable ])art of their property. All 
 liopes of reform must be derived from the exerti<jns of the mother- 
 C'-tuntry, not by an infringement of its engagements with the 
 
Appendix B. 107 
 
 colonists, but by earnest rcconiniendations and perseverini^ efforts to 
 increase the Christian population, l)y the instruction of the Hotten- 
 tots and Negroes, as well slaves as free. I am prepared to find that 
 the first endeavours may not be greatly successful, but they will 
 gradually increase in influence, and the public mind may in the 
 meantime be improved and enlightened by religious instruction. 
 The success of the Moravians, at their establishment for the con- 
 version and civilization of the Hottentots at Bavians Kloof, which I 
 visited on mj^ journey, affords the strongest encouragement to 
 similar efforts being made by the Church of England. The con- 
 templation of the truly benign elfects resulting from the mild and 
 patient conduct of these excellent people, the rapid progress their 
 converts Avere making in religion and in the acquisition of the 
 comforts of hfe, first excited in me the wish to address your Lord- 
 ship, firmly impressed ^nth the conviction that one amiable, 
 benevolent, and consistent clergyman of the Church of England 
 would, in the course of a very short time, produce effects equally 
 salutary, not only on the poor and destitute inhabitants of the 
 Colony, but that his influence would extend to the wealthy farmer 
 and his dependents. 
 
 "The expense of such an undertaking need not be great. A 
 certain extent of land given, in the first instance, by the Crown, for 
 <i churcli and glebe, and another for distribution amongst free 
 persons of every description, whether Europeans, Hottentots, 
 Negroes, or- Malays, might be granted whenever required. These 
 settlers should be assisted in the infancy of the institution Avith a 
 small — but very small — portion of capital, so as to enable them to 
 provide articles of the first necessity, such as clothes, furniture, 
 implements for building, cattle and corn for the first year, the 
 amount of which might be paid off by very moderate instalments. 
 
 " I am firmly convinced that the happiest effects would very soon 
 result from such an undertaking. It would be no wild speculation, 
 but one that must be of essential benefit to the Colony and thence 
 to the mother-country ; for the expenses would in a short time be 
 defrayed by increase of trade and national prosperity. I beg leave 
 to give your Lordship an instance of the value that becomes 
 immediately attached to land in this Colony when put under 
 cultivation, or rather when it is only in contemplation to cultivate 
 it. The proprietors of difterent estates in Hottentot's Holland, 
 about thirty miles from Capetown, were desirous of building a 
 church to which their famihes might resort on the Sabbath, instead 
 of having a journey of twelve miles to perform in going to the 
 church at Stellenbosch. A piece of ground was selected for the 
 purpose, and purchased by subscrii)tion for 23,000 guilders; a 
 portion of it was marked out for the church, another for the clergy- 
 man's house and garden, and, as there remained a considerable 
 quantity beyond what was required for these purposes, it was sold 
 
I08 Appendix B. 
 
 by auction in small lots for building houses near the church, and 
 brought the extraordinary price of 161,000 guilders. A similar 
 effect, although probably not so great in degree, Avill result whenever 
 a government establishment may take place. By building and 
 endowing a church. Government would be enabled to sell the con- 
 tiguous ground so advantageously as to remunerate them for all 
 the expenses ; and by sending inhabitants from England for new 
 settlements, the chief want of the Colony would be supplied — 
 that of 2^opulation ; whilst numbers now starving and destitute 
 in the mother-country would be provided for, and the poor 
 rates relieved in proportion. But what is of still greater im- 
 portance, the Christian rehgion would be promoted in every jjart 
 of this extensive Colony. An establishment of this kind would be 
 particularly desirable in the vicinity of Knysna, of Mossel Bay, and 
 the Brede Eivoi*. The Knysna and the Brede Eiver are secure and 
 valuable ports, only ascertained to be such within the last two 
 years ; and Mossel Bay may at a very trifling expense become such 
 in a very short time. They are all situated in fertile corn countries. 
 The Knysna has the additional advantage of being in the 
 immediate vicinity of an extensive and valuable forest, where 
 timber for building the largest ships is to be had in abundance and 
 with facility. Upon an attentive consideration of all these 
 circumstances, I cannot resist the impulses I feel to entreat your 
 Lordship's notice of them, and that you would be pleased to 
 recommend the measure of even one clergyman of the Church of 
 England being sent out and established in either of the places above 
 mentioned, with a very limited number of poor families from 
 England, by way of an experiment, upon the success of which may 
 depend the extension of the plan. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, etc., 
 
 " J. Brextok." 
 
( 109 ) 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 Ordinance of His Excellency the Governor in Council, 
 for authorising a sum of money to be raised in shares, 
 
 FOR ERECTIxSIG AN ENGLISH ChURCH AT CaPE ToWN. 
 
 Whereas several Persons have subscribed certain sums of money 
 for the purpose of erecting a Church at Cape Town, for the Cele- 
 bration of Divine Service according to the Rites of the United 
 Church of England and Ireland, as by law established, on the site 
 consecrated for that purpose by the late Lord Bishop of Calcutta, 
 upon tlie principle that such Subscribers should have a right of 
 property in the pews of the said Cliurch, and in or about the 
 month of October, in the year of our Lord 1827, a Committee of 
 Management was appointed for carrying their intention into effect, 
 which Committee hath received part of the said Subscriptions, to- 
 gether with several sums of money from various Persons, by way 
 of Donations, for furthering the building of the said Church : And 
 whereas His Excellency the Governor hath agi-eed to grant from the 
 Treasury of this Colony, towards the Building and completing the 
 said Church, to the Persons who shall undertake and become bound 
 for completing the same, a sum not exceeding the sum of £5000 
 sterling, in manner following — that is to say, the sum of 
 
 £500, when the foundations are up to the surface, and completed ; 
 
 £500, when the walls are as high as the bottom of the windows ; 
 
 £500, when the walls are as high as the tops of the windows ; 
 
 £1000, when the walls are roof high, the wall-plates on, and the 
 roof in frame ; 
 
 £1000, when the Mason's and Bricklayer's work is completed, 
 including the tower ; 
 
 £500, when the plastering inside and outside is completed ; 
 
 £500, when the Joiner's work is completed ; 
 
 And the remainder of the said sum of £5000 to be paid when 
 the whole building is taken over from the Contractors in a complete 
 state. 
 
 And whereas the said Committee have received and approved of 
 a plan and specification for building tlie said Church, together with 
 tenders for the building thereof according to the said plan and 
 specification, but the several sums befoi'c-mcntioned have been 
 found to be insufficient for completing the said building : Where- 
 upon at a public Meeting of the said Subscribers and Committee of 
 Management, holdcn pursuant to advertisement and notice thereof 
 
no Appendix C. 
 
 in the Commercial Advertiser Xeivsiia^Kr^ on the 27th day ot 
 August now last, it was agreed and resolved by the said Subscribers 
 and Committee of Management (amongst other things), that the 
 said scheme should be percmf)torily relinquished; and that in order 
 to raise a sum of money amounting together with the said sum to 
 be granted by His Excellency the Governor as aforesaid, and the 
 said donations, to the sum of £12,070, being near *or about the 
 estimated cost of building and completing the said Churcli, a cer- 
 tain number of Shares should be disposed of — that is to say, the 
 number of 250 Shares at £25 each. And whereas several of the 
 said Subscribers, and other Persons, have agreed to take Shares in 
 the said loan as aforesaid — that is to say. 
 
 The Honorable Sir John Wylde, Knight, Chief Justice of this 
 Colony ; the Honorable Lieutenant-Colonel John T3ell, C.B. ; and 
 the Reverend George Hough, Master of Arts ; ten Shares each. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel William Hopper; eight Shares. 
 
 liicc Jones Jones, and Hamilton Ross; six Shares each. 
 
 George Thompson and John Bardwell Ebden ; five Shares each. 
 
 William Hay ward, Assistant Commissary General ; the Reverend 
 Edward Judge, Master of Arts; William Scott; Laurence Twenty- 
 man ; Hudson, Donaldson, and Dixon ; and William Hawkins, 
 Agent to the Honorable the East India Company ; four Shares each. 
 
 Ewan Christian ; and Samuel Oliver; three Shares each. 
 
 Thomas Kift Deaue ; William Hutchons; George Grcig ; John 
 Deane ; Francis Collison ; James Home ; George Wilson Prince ; 
 John Blore; John Robert Thomson; William Hey ward ; Edward 
 Durban & Co. ; Charles Baron de Lorentz ; William Wilberforce 
 Bird ; Henry Buckton ; John Barker ; Joseph Simpson ; John 
 Thomas Buck; the Honorable William Westbrooke Burton, one of 
 the Judges of the Supreme Court ; Antonio Chiappini ; Edward 
 Smith; William Hunt; Benjamin Philli])s; Charles Mackenzie; 
 Isaac Manuel ; Carel Ferdinand Heinrich von Ludwig ; Robert 
 Waters ; Edward George ; Lieutenant James Bance, of the Royal 
 Xavy; Robert Reeves; Major George Jackman Rogers; the Honorable 
 Joachim Willem Stoll ; Anthony Oliphant, His Majesty's Attorney 
 General for this Colony; Charles Dixon; Daniel Jacob Cloete; 
 Henry Hewitt; James Smith; William Billingsley; Thomas Fair- 
 clough; Clorke Burton, Master of the Supreme Court; the Honor- 
 able George Kekewich, one of the Judges of the Su])reme Court ; 
 Hendrik Cloete, L.'sson; Herman Schutte; Major Charles Cornwallis 
 Michell; Thomas and John Sinclair; Lieutenant-Colonel William 
 Cuthbcrt I'ilphinstone Holloway, of the Royal Engineers; James 
 Carfrae &: Company ; and James Carey ; two Shares each. 
 
 William John Mackrill ; Frederick Dickinson ; William Lawson; 
 John Ilartfield Tredgold ; George William Silbcrbauer; George 
 Herbert; Frederik Ste])hanus Watcrmeyer; Hercules Tennant ; 
 Captain William Ronald ; James Duff Watt, Deputy Assistant 
 
Appendix C. iii 
 
 Commissary General ; William Benson ; Picter Gerhard Brink, 
 Auditor General ; Joseph Dixie ; John Brown ; Mrs. Johanna 
 Adriana Hardman ; Samuel Capon ; William Gadney ; Thomas 
 Elliot; Thomas Hall; Andries Thomas Stadler ; Willem Anthon 
 Joseph Liesching ; Edwin Oldham ; Andrew Steedman ; Eichard 
 Stone ; Joseph Sturgis ; John Syrae ; Thomas Heyward ; Jolm 
 William Lolley; Thomas Ansdell; Daniel Mills, Jnn. ; Eoberfc 
 Crozier ; Pieter Donald Plohne ; Joseph Trueman ; William Bride- 
 kirk ; Egbert Andries Buyskes ; John Marshall ; Jacob Davies 
 Gregory ; Adrian Christian Deneys ; Edward Eager ; Joseph Day ; 
 Thomas Henry Bowles, Eegistrar of the Supreme Court; Petrus 
 Borchardus Borcherds, Judge of Police ; Thomas Tennant ; Harrison 
 Watson; Alexander Thomson ; John Fairbairn; Michiel Christian 
 Wolff; James Molton ; Frederick Venablcs; Richard Heurtley; 
 Michiel de Kock ; Johannes Henoch Neethling ; the Honorable Sir 
 Johannes Andreas Truter, Knight ; Major Abraham Josias Cloete ; 
 John Skirrow ; Abraham de Smidt ; William McDonald Mackay ; 
 Edwin Maude ; Frederick Wilhelm Heideman ; Ker Baillie Hamil- 
 ton ; Lancelot Cooke ; John Chisholm, Senior ; Ralph Rogerson ; 
 Carel Gerhard Blackenberg ; John Samuel Merrington ; and Howson 
 Edward Rutherfond; one Share each. 
 
 Authority given to raise a Sum of Money on Loan hy Shares. — 
 And whereas the said Persons have made application that an Ordi- 
 nance may be passed, to sanction and confirm the plan adopted at 
 the said Meeting, and to provide for carrying the same into effect : 
 — Now, therefore, be it enacted by His Excellency the Governor in 
 Council, that from and after the passing of this Ordinance, the said 
 first-mentioned Scheme shall and may be abandoned and relin- 
 guished ; and that it shall and may be lawful for the said Persons 
 who have already agreed, and all such as shall by virtue of any of 
 the Provisions of this Ordinance hereafter agree to take Shares in 
 the said loan, to raise among themselves, in manner and for the 
 purpose aforesaid, such a sum of money as, together with the said 
 sum so to be granted from the Colonial Treasury, and the said 
 donations, shall amount to the sum of £12,070 ; and it shall and 
 may be lawful for such Persons to become Share-Holders in the 
 said loan, and to take such Shares therein (not exceeding by any 
 one Person the number of ten Shares) as such persons have already 
 agreed, or shall hereafter agree to take in the said loan, until the 
 whole number of 250 Shares shall have been disposed of. 
 
 Of the Shake-Holders, — their Rights and Privileges. 
 
 II. Shares ivhen and hoiv saleable and transferahle. — And be it 
 enacted. That no Share shall be transferable by any Holder thereof, 
 nor any i-ight nor interest therein, until all the calls thereon shall 
 have been paid, as hereinafter mentioned ; but after the said calls 
 
1 1 2 Appendix C. 
 
 sliall have been paid, it shall and may be lawful for any Sharc- 
 Holder to sell or transfer his Share or Shares, and all his right and 
 interest in respect thereof, to any other Person, by endorsement on 
 the said Share, or otherwise as he shall see fit : Provided, however, 
 that no sale of any such Share shall take place by public auction, 
 but sliall be by private contract only ; and that the person to whom 
 any Share or Shares shall be sold or transferred as aforesaid, shall 
 forthwith give notice thereof to the Trustees, to be elected in manner 
 hereinafter-mentioned. 
 
 III. Interest upon Shares. — And be it enacted, That the sums 
 advanced by Share-Holders in respect of their several Shares, shall 
 bear interest from and after the day on which the said Church shall 
 be opened for Divine Service therein, and not sooner. 
 
 IV. Suhscrihers to the original 2^lan, to have a preference in 
 talcing Shares. — And be it enacted. That all Persons who have 
 subscribed to the original plan for building the said Church, and 
 have alrcad}'- paid the first instalment of their Subscription, shall, 
 until and upon the 4th day of September next, be entitled to become 
 Share-Holders in the said loan, in x^i'cference to all others who have 
 not so subscribed and paid as aforesaid ; and all those Subscribers 
 who shall decline to take Shares in the said loan, shall be entitled 
 to demand and receive back from the Committee of Management, 
 during the time of their continuance in office, and afterwards from 
 tlie Trustees, all such sums of money as they sliall have paid as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 V. Holders of more than Five Shares, to give up part of their 
 Shares if necessary. — And be it enacted, That if it should happen 
 that the whole number of 250 Shares shall be taken bel'ore the 4th 
 day of September next, and there should then be other Persons 
 desirous of taking Shares, those who have agreed to take more than 
 five Shares shall relinguish each one Share, beginning with the 
 Holder of the greatest number of Shares, until the required number 
 of Shares shall be provided ; and the order in which such Shares 
 .shall be relinquished by the Holders of an equal number of Shares, 
 shall, if need be, be determined by ballot amongst them, — provided, 
 however, that the original Holder of a greater number of Shares, 
 who shall in manner before-mentioned have been reduced to be the 
 Holder of a smaller number, shall not be again obliged to relinguish 
 or give up a Sliare, nor be included in any such ballot as aforesaid, 
 until all the original Holders of such smaller number shall each 
 have relinquished and given up a Share. 
 
 VI. Shareholders rights of voting. — And be it enacted, that all 
 the Share-Holders in the said loan shall have the right of voting 
 in the election of Trustees, and in all matters relating to the 
 erection of the said Church, and the management of the funds 
 thereof, until the said loan shall have been wholly repaid and dis- 
 charged, according to the number of their respective Shares, — that 
 
Appendix C. ii3 
 
 is to say, the Holder of one Share shall be entitled to ono vote ; the 
 Holder of two or three Shares shall be entitled to two votes ; the 
 Holder of four or five Shares, to three votes ; the Holder of six or 
 seven Shares, to four votes ; and the Holder of eight, nine, or ten 
 Shares, to five votes. 
 
 VII. Shareliolders right of cJioosing and renting Feius. — And be 
 it enacted, That on the completion of the said Church, and after 
 the i^roper number of pews shall have been set apart and allotted 
 for the use of the Governor, Minister, and Church- Wardens, as 
 hereinafter-mentioned, all Share-Holders shall have a right to become 
 each the Renter of a pew, in preference to any other Persons who 
 possess no Shares ; and the Share-Holders shall amongst themselves 
 
 . have priority in the choice of pews, of whatever size, or seats not 
 exceeding six, according to the number of their Shares, — the Holders 
 of the greater number of Shares to have the prior choice ; and the 
 choice of Holders of an equal number of Shares, to be determined, 
 if need be, by ballot amongst them : Provided, however, that it 
 shall and may be lawful for the Trustees at their discretion, upon 
 the application of any Share-Holder, whose Family may require a 
 greater number of seats in the said Church than six, to permit and 
 allow such Share-Holder to choose two adjoining pews, such two 
 pews containing not more than ten sittings. 
 
 VIII. No second choice in respect of the same Shares until the 
 Few first chosen has been relinquished. — And be it enacted. That 
 the Trustees shall keep a book, or plan, wherein shall be entered 
 the names of all Share-Holders, in the order of the number of 
 Shares taken by them, the numbers of their said Shares respectively, 
 and the number or description of the pew chosen by each Share- 
 Holder in respect thereof; and every Share-Holder shall, on making 
 his choice as aforesaid, sign his name in a column opposite to the 
 said entry, in acknowledgment of the truth thereof; and no second 
 choice shall be afterwards made by any Holder of the same Shares, 
 or any of them, except upon the pew so chosen as aforesaid being 
 first relinquished and given up. 
 
 IX. Nature of Shareholders right in Pews. — ^And be it enacted, 
 That upon any Share-Holder having duly made choice of a pew, 
 the said Share-Holder, his Heirs and Assigns, shall and may for 
 ever afterwards possess and occupy the same, without the hindrance 
 or disturbance of any Person whomsoever, so long as he or they 
 shall continue to pay the rent affixed thereon, when and as the same 
 shall become due and payable, and shall continue to hold the Share 
 or Shares in respect of which the said pew was chosen, or the same 
 shall have been paid off by the Trustees by virtue of any of the 
 Provisions of this Ordinance. 
 
 X. General Meetings of Shareholders luhen and how holden. — 
 And be it enacted. That a General Meeting of the Sharc-Holdert 
 shall be holden on the first Monday of October, in every year, as 
 
 I 
 
114 Appendix C. 
 
 sucli place as shall l)e appointed by the Trustees for that purpose, 
 and notice Avhereof shall he given by them b}^ advertisement in one 
 of the Newspapers of this Colony fourteen days at least before the 
 same is to be liolden ; and it shall and may be lawful for the Trus- 
 tees, or the Auditors, or cither of the Auditors, to be elected as 
 hereinafter-mentioned, at any time to call a General Meeting of the 
 Share-Holders, upon giving the like notice thereof. 
 
 Of the Trustees and Auditors, their Powers and Duties. 
 
 XI. Time and mode of electing the first Trustees and Auditors. — 
 And be it enacted, 1'hat on the 9th day of September now next, a 
 General Meeting of the Share-Holders shall be holden at some 
 convenient place in Cape Town, notice whereof shall be given by 
 the said Committee of Management, by advertisement in one of the 
 public papers of this Colony, six days at least before the said 
 Meeting is appointed to be holden, for the purpose of electing 
 Trustees and Auditors ; and it shall and may be lawful for the said 
 Share-Holders, or the greater part assembled at such Meeting, to 
 elect out of the said Share-Holders any number of Persons, not 
 exceeding nine, to be Trustees, and two other Persons to be Auditors 
 of the accounts of the said Trustees. 
 
 XII. Time of Trustees Jiolding Office. — And be it enacted. That 
 the Trustees so elected liy the Share-Holders, and such as shall 
 afterwards be elected, upon the death, resignation, or removal, of 
 any Trustee as hereinafter-mentioned, shall continue in office until 
 the first Monday in October next after the said Church shall be 
 erected and completed ; and that upon the said first Monday in 
 October, and yearly afterwards on the same day, three of the said 
 Trustees shall go out of office, and three other Trustees shall be 
 elected instead of them, by and out of the Share-Holders in manner 
 aforesaid, until the whole of the first appointed and preceding 
 Trustees shall have been relieved, and the order of their so going 
 out of office shall, if necessary, be determined by ballot amongst 
 them. 
 
 XIII. Election of Auditors. — And be it enacted, Tliat two Per- 
 sons not being Trustees, shall be elected by and out of the Share- 
 Ilolders yearly, on the Hrst Monday in October, to be Auditors of 
 the Accounts of the said Trustees. 
 
 XIV. Committee of Management to deliver all liooJcs, Papers^ 
 and Funds to the Trustees. — And be it enacted, That the said Com- 
 mittee of ^lanagcment shall upon the election of Trustees as afore- 
 said, and upon their accc])tance of the said office, deliver over to 
 the said Trustees all deeds, books, plans, ])apers, and vouchers, re- 
 lating to the said Church, in their custody or power, and all and 
 any sums of money, donations, or subscri))tions, given or subscribed 
 for the purpose aforesaid, in their possession and control, and the said 
 
Appendix C. ii5 
 
 Committee of Management, and the office and duties thereof, shall 
 thereupon cease and determine. 
 
 XV. Purposes for luliich the Trustees shall stand jiossessed of, and 
 apply the Chtirch Funds. — And be it enacted, That the said Trus- 
 tees, and all others who shall from time to time be hereafter elected 
 as Trustees, under any of the Provisions of this Ordinance, shall, 
 during the time of their continuance of office, stand and be possessed 
 of all the said sums of mone}^ donations, and subscriptions (except 
 such part thereof as shall be liable to be returned to Subscribers 
 demanding the same as aforesaid), and of all such sums of money 
 as shall at any time hereafter be granted to them from the Colonial 
 Treasury as aforesaid, or shall arise from payments made by the 
 Share-Holders, in respect of their said Shares, or otherwise ; and of 
 all such donations and subscriptions, as shall at any time hereafter 
 be given or subscribed for the purpose aforesaid, or in aid of the 
 fund of the said Church ; and of all rents and revenues arising 
 from the letting of pews, fees for placing monuments in the said 
 Church, or in the enclosed Ground about the same, or in the Burial 
 Ground belonging to the said Church as hereinafter-mentioned, and 
 for digging vaults in the said Burial Ground, Upon trust in the 
 first place, and until the said Church shall be erected and completed, 
 to cause the said Church to be erected and completed according to 
 the said plan and specification thereof : And from and after the 
 erection and completion of the said Church Upon trust to pay and 
 apply the said sums of money, donations, subscriptions, rents, and 
 revenues, in manner following — That is to say : In the first place, 
 to pay thereovit the cost of all necessary repairs and expenses in 
 and about the said Church, for repairing, keeping up, and main- 
 taining the same : secondly, in payment of the interest, together 
 with any arrears thereof, due to the several Share-Holders, on the 
 sums advanced by them on their respective Shares, in an equal rate, 
 when and as the funds at their disposal shall enable them so to do ; 
 and lastly, upon trust to pay and apply the residue thereof, in dis- 
 charge of the loan advanced by the Share-Holders, whenever and 
 as often as the said residue shall be sufficient to pay off a part of 
 the said loan, at a rate of not less than one pound sterling upon 
 each Sliare, until the whole of the said loan shall be paid off and 
 discharged. 
 
 XVI. Power of Trustees to compel payment of sums due to the 
 Church Fund, and to make Contracts, &c. — And be it enacted, That 
 it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees, to call in and compel 
 payment of all sums of money, which are or shall be at any time 
 hereafter due and payable to them, under and by virtue of any of 
 the Provisions of this Ordinance ; and in their own names to make 
 and enter into, perform and execute, and compel the performance 
 and execution of all such contracts and agreements, matters and 
 
 1 2 
 
Ii6 Appendix C. 
 
 things, as they shall from time to time deem necessary for erecting 
 and completing the said Church as aforesaid. 
 
 XVII. Actions hy Trustees to he hrourjlit. — And bo it enacted. 
 That it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees, as such, at all 
 times and from time to time, as they shall see tit, to commence and 
 maintain all such suits and actions in anj competent Court in this 
 Colony, as they shall deem necessary, in performance of the trust 
 reposed in them, against any Share- Holder, or other Person what- 
 soever ; and all such suits and actions shall and may be brought by 
 them in the names of " 1'he Trustees of the English Church at 
 Cape Town," or " The Trustees of Church at 
 Cape Town " (describing the same by its name, after it shall have 
 been named), as the case may require, without specifying the 
 christian or surnames of the Trustees ; and no action shall abate by 
 reason of the death or removal or going out of office of any Trustee. 
 
 XVIII. Actions against Trustees or Shareholders hoiv to he 
 hrought. And be it enacted, That all suits or actions, the cause of 
 which shall arise or accrue to any Person whatsoever, from or by 
 reason of any contract or agreement, or any other matter or thing, 
 made or entered into, done or performed, by the said Trustees, in 
 the execution of the said Trust, or which shall arise or accrue to 
 any Person whatsoever, against the said Share-Holders jointly, 
 shall be brought by such Persons against the said Trustees, in 
 manner and in the names aforesaid, and not against any individual 
 Share-Holder or Share-Holders. 
 
 XIX. Foiuer of the Trustees to call upon the Shareholders for 
 Payments. — And be it enacted. That it shall and may be lawful 
 for the Trustees, from time to time, to call upon the Share-Holders 
 li»r such payments, in resjjcct of their said Shares, as together with 
 tlie donations and sum of money to be granted from the Colonial 
 Treasury as aforesaid, they may deem necessary for carrying on the 
 building, and comjileting the said Church as aforesaid ; provided, 
 however, that no such call shall at any one time exceed one-fifth 
 part of the amount of the said Shares, and that the whole of such 
 calls shall not, except in the case hereinafter provided for, exceed 
 the amount of £25, in respect of each Share ; Provided always, and 
 be it further enacted. That if the expense of building and com- 
 pleting the Church according to the said ])lan and specification, 
 should exceed the sum of £12,070, then it shall and may be lawful 
 for the Trustees to make a further call on each Share-Holder for a 
 proportional part of the said deficiency; such last-mentioned call, 
 however, in no case to exceed the sum of £5 sterling in respect of 
 each Share. 
 
 XX. Calls to he Advertised hy the Trustees. — And be it enacted, 
 That the Trustees shall cause all calls made by them to be adver- 
 tised in the public newspapers of this Colony, together with the 
 
Appendix C. 117 
 
 time and place appointed by them for payment thereof, fourteen 
 days at least before the said time. 
 
 XXI. Shares of Shareholders neglecting to pay calls may he 
 forfeited and disjposed of to other Persons by the Trustees. — And be 
 
 it enacted, That if any Share-Holder shall neglect or refuse to pay 
 at the time and place appointed for that purpose, his proportion of 
 any lawful call made by the Trustees upon the Share-Holders as 
 aforesaid, and the same shall be in arrear for the space of fourteen 
 days next after the said day appointed for payment, it shall and 
 may be lawful for the said Trustees, if they shall think fit, to 
 declare and pronounce the Share or Shares of such Share-Holders to 
 be forfeited, and the same shall thereupon be forfeited accordingly ; 
 — and it shall and may be lawful for the said Trustees to dispose of 
 such forfeited Share or Shares to any Person who may be desirous 
 of possessing the ^same ; provided, however, that nothing herein 
 contained shall extend or be construed to prevent the said Trustees 
 from bringing and maintaining their action against any Share- 
 Holder refusing or neglecting to pay as aforesaid, if they shall think 
 fit so to do, instead of declaring and pronouncing his Share or Shares 
 to be forfeited as aforesaid. 
 
 XXII. Accounts of Trustees, how to he kept and inspected. — And 
 be it enacted. That the Trustees shall keep an account, wherein 
 they shall enter all money received and paid by them under and by 
 virtue of the Provisions of this Ordinance, which account the 
 Auditors, or either of them, may inspect at all reasonable times ; 
 and the said account, together with any report of the Auditors, or 
 either of them thereon, shall be laid before the Share-Holders for 
 their inspection at the General Annual Meetings, and the said 
 accounts shall be thereupon published in one of the public news- 
 papers of this Colony. 
 
 XXIII. Trustees to pay all Sums exceeding £20 into the Banh. — 
 And be it enacted. That the Trustees shall, as soon as they shall 
 receive any sum of money exceeding £20, open an account with the 
 Government Discount Bank in this Colony, in the names of the 
 Trustees ; and such sum, and every other sum exceeding £20, so 
 received by them, shall be forthwith paid into the said Bank, to be 
 l)laced to tlie credit of such account ; and all checks or orders for 
 payment of any such money out of the said Bank, shall truly 
 express the cause of such payment, and the name of the Person in 
 whose favor it is drawn, and shall be signed by all the Trustees, or 
 by two of them for themselves and Co-Trustees. 
 
 XXIV. Penalty on Trustee improperly retaining or em2)loying 
 Church Money, or permitting a Co-Trustee, &c. — And be it enacted, 
 That any Trustee who shall retain in his hands, or knowingly 
 permit any Co-Trustee so to retain, any sum of money exceeding 
 £20, part of the Church Fund, longer than until the first day after 
 his receiving the same, upon which it shall be possible for him to 
 
Ii8 Appendix C. 
 
 pay the said sum, or cause it to be paid into the said Bank ; or shall 
 employ for his own benefit, or knowingly pemiit any Co-Trustee so 
 to employ, any sum of money, part of the Church Fund, shall and 
 may be removeable by the said Share-Holders from his said office, 
 and shall moreover forfeit and pay, for the benefit of the Church 
 Fund, double the amount of the sum so retained or employed, and 
 which shall and may be recovered by the other Trustees by action 
 in any competent Court. 
 
 XXV. On the comjyJetioyi of the Church, Trustees Accounts to he 
 wound vj), and no /mother calls to he made. — And be it enacted. 
 That as soon as the said Church shall be erected and completed as 
 aforesaid, the accounts of the said Trustees shall thereupon be finally 
 wound up and audited, and laid before the Share-Holders for their 
 inspection ; and no further call shall be afterwards made upon the 
 Share-Holders, in respect of their Shares. 
 
 XXVI. Death, resignation, or removal of Trustees. — And be 
 it enacted. That in case any Trustee shall die, or desire to resign 
 his said office, or shall be removed as aforesaid, the surviving or 
 other Trustees shall forthwith call a IMeeting of the Share-Holders, 
 for the purpose of electing a new Trustee in the jilace of the one so 
 dying or desiring to resign, or being removed as aforesaid ; and the 
 same notice shall be given of the time and place of the said Meeting, 
 and the same proceedings shall be observed thereat, as upon the 
 original election of Trustees ; provided, however, that no Trustee 
 shall bo permitted to resign his office, until he shall have duly 
 accounted to the satisfaction of the Share-Holders, for all sums of 
 money at any time received by him. 
 
 Of the Vestry and Ciiurch-AVardens. 
 
 XXVII. Vestry luhen and hov) formed nntll the Loan ixild off. — 
 And be it enacted, That as soon as the said Church shall be erected 
 and completed as aforesaid, the Trustees shall take over and enter 
 upon the same ; and the care and government of the said Church 
 
 ■ shall thenceforward, and until the said loan shall have been wholly 
 paid off in manner licrein-before provided, together with the interest 
 thereon as aforesaid, be committed to a Vestry, consisting of the 
 officiating Minister for the time being, and the Trustees elected by 
 the Share-Holders in manner aforesaid ; and the said Minister shall, 
 when he is present, preside at the said Vestry, and when he is 
 absent, then one of the Trustees elected by them, and in case of an 
 equality of votes at any meeting of sucli Vestry, the President 
 shall have a casting vote. 
 
 XXVIII.-/>?^/.y of the T'e.sAry.— And be it enacted, That the 
 duty of the said Vestry shall be to provide the said Church with 
 necessary and customary furniture for the performance of Divine 
 Worshij), and the use of the officiating Minister therein; and to 
 keci^ the same clean and in proper repair. 
 
Appendix C. 119 
 
 XXIX. Church-Wardens lulien and hoiv to he chosen. — And be it 
 enacted, That there shall be two Church- Wardens chosen yearly, on 
 the first Monday in October, by the Vestry from their own number, 
 who shall perform and execute all lawful acts, matters, and things 
 necessary for the good order and decency of behaviour to be kept and 
 observed in the said Cliurch by the congregation thereof, and for 
 preserving to all Persons their rights in the said pews and sittings. 
 
 Of Choosing and Eenting Pews. 
 
 XXX. Pews for Governor, Minister, and Church-Wardens, free 
 Seats to be set ajmrt. — And be it enacted. That before any choice of 
 pews by the Share-Holders shall take place, there shall be set apart 
 and allotted by the Vestry a pew sufficient to hold ten persons at 
 least, for the use of His Excellencj^ the Governor of this Colony ; 
 another pew sufficient to hold six persons for the Minister ; and a 
 third sufticient to hold four persons for the Church- Wardens ; and 
 there shall be also set apart in some convenient part of the said 
 Church, 300 free seats at the least for the use of poor Persons. 
 
 XXXI. Choice of Feivs hy Share-Holders, ctnd rent thereof. — 
 And be it enacted, That as soon as may be after the erection and 
 completion of the said Church, the Trustees shall call together the 
 Share-Holders of each class, according to their number of Shares, 
 for the purpose of exercising their rights in the choice of pews ; and 
 the rents of all such pews as shall be chosen by Share-Holders, 
 shall be fixed according to the number of sittings at which such 
 pews respectively shall be rated, at 15s. yearly for each sitting, and 
 no more. 
 
 XXXII. Notice to he given of vacant Peius. — And be it enacted. 
 That after the Share-Holders shall have chosen their pews, in 
 manner provided for that piurpose, the Trustees shall give notice of 
 all the pews and seats which are then vacant, by affixing the same 
 in writing upon the door of the said Church, and otherwise as they 
 shall see tit ; and the said Trustees shall give the like notice for six 
 successive weeks, at the end of each year, of all the pews which are 
 vacant, or will become vacant, at the commencement of the next 
 year. 
 
 XXXIII. SjKcre Feius how rented, and rights of holders of such 
 Pews. — And be ii enacted, That all the pews and seats in the said 
 Church, except the ]iews set apart for His Excellency the Governor, 
 the Minister and Church- Wardens, and the said free seats, and the 
 pews chosen by Share-Holders, shall and may be let by the said 
 Trustees by the year, or for any shorter period, to any Person 
 desiring to take the same, at a rent to be affixed to the same respec- 
 tively, by the Vestry, and payable at such time and in such manner, 
 as shall be a]ipointed by the Trustees : and the Holder of any pew 
 so rented, shall and may possess and occupy the same by himself, 
 or his Assigns, without any hindrance or disturbance by any person 
 whatsoever, until the end of the said term; provided he shall con- 
 
120 Appendix C. 
 
 tinue to pay the rent affixed to the same, at the times whereon and 
 in the manner in which the same shall be made payable. 
 
 XXXIV. Remedy of the Trustees, if Few rents in arrear for 28 
 days. — And be it enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the 
 Trustees, whenever and as often as it shall happen that the rent of 
 any pew is in arrear and unpaid for the space of twenty-eight days 
 after the same is due and payable, to give notice to the Possessor of 
 such pew forthwith to quit and give up the possession thereof; and 
 thereupon it shall and may be lawful for the said Trustees to re- 
 enter into the possession of the said pew for the purpose of this 
 Ordinance, without any other form or proceeding whatever; — and 
 no Person having been so dispossessed of his pew for non-payment 
 of rent, shall be entitled afterwards to any priority in the choice of 
 a pew ; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall 
 extend or be construed to deprive the Trustees from recovering the 
 amount of such rent in arrear by action as aforesaid, in any com- 
 petent Court. 
 
 Of Burials, Monuments, and Vaults. 
 
 XXXV. No Burials to take place luithin the Church or Church- 
 yard. — And be it enacted, That no burials shall take place within 
 or under the said Church, or any part of the enclosed Ground about 
 the same; but the burials of all Persons, according to the rites and 
 ceremonies of the Church of England, shall take place in the Burial 
 Ground consecrated and allotted, or Avliich may hereafter be conse- 
 crated nnd allotted, to the said Church for that ]->urpose. 
 
 XXXVI.^ Monuments, and Vaults, and Fees on erecting or 
 mahiny. — And l)e it enacted, Tliat it shall and may be lawful for 
 the officiating Minister and Church-Wardens for the time being, to 
 permit any monuments to be erected or placed in such convenient 
 parts of the said Church, or of the enclosed Ground about the same, 
 or in the Burial Ground belonging thereto ; or vaults to be dug and 
 made in the said Burial Ground, upon the i)ayment to the Fund of 
 the said Church for such permission by the Person or Persons de- 
 siring to erect and jjlace any monument in the said Church, or 
 enclosed Ground about the same, or in the said Burial Ground, or to 
 dig and make any vault in the said Ikiriai Ground, of such a 
 reasonable fee, as shall be affixed by the said Vestry, for such per- 
 mission, according to the terms and extent thereof. 
 
 XXX VII. Jiiyhts of the owner of any Monument or Vault. — 
 And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for any 
 Person or Persons erecting or i)lacing any monument in the said 
 Church, or enclosed Ground about the same, or in the said Burial 
 Ground, or digging and making any vault in the said liurial Ground 
 by and with such permission as aforesaid to have, maintain, and 
 keep up such monument or vault, according to the terms of such 
 permission to and for the sole and sei)arate use of the said Person 
 or Persons, and his or their Heirs for ever. 
 
Appendix C. 121 
 
 Of the YeSTRY to be ArPOINTED AT THE TERMINATION OF 
 
 THE Trust. 
 
 XXXVIII. Office of the Trustees when to cease, and Election of 
 New Vestry. — And be it enacted, That on the first Monday in the 
 month of October next after the whole of the said loan and the 
 interest thereon shall have been paid off and discharged as aforesaid, 
 the office of the Trustees and Auditors shall thereupon cease and 
 determine — and in the place of the said Trustees, there shall be 
 elected on the said first Monday in October, and yearly afterwards 
 on the same day, by and out of the resident Inhabitants of Cape 
 Town, being Members of and holding Communion with the United 
 Church of England and Ireland as by law established, a like num- 
 ber of Persons who shall, together with the officiating Minister for 
 the time being, form a Vestry for the future care and government 
 of the said Church, and a like number of other Persons, to be 
 Auditors of the accounts of the said Vestry ; and the Trustees last 
 in office as aforesaid, shall upon the last-mentioned Vestry entering 
 upon their said office, surrender and give up to the said last-men- 
 tioned Vestry all documents, books, plans, papers, and vouchers, 
 relating to the said Church, and the administration of the funds 
 thereof, and all sums of money in their custody, possession, or 
 control, arising from and belonging to the Church Fund. 
 
 XXXIX. Powers and Duties of the new Vestry — And be it 
 enacted, That the said Vestry so from time to time constituted and 
 elected by such Inhabitant Householders as aforesaid, shall and may 
 have and exercise all the same powers, rights, and duties respecting 
 the said Church, and the care and government thereof, and the 
 administration of the funds, rents, and revenues thereof, and all 
 other matters and things relating to the same as shall and may be 
 exercised by the Trustees and Vestry, or either of them constituted 
 and elected by such Share-Holders as aforesaid, under and by virtue 
 of any of the Provisions of this Ordinance, in so far as the said 
 powers, rights, and duties, shall be applicable to the then existing 
 circumstances of the said Church. 
 
 XL. And be it enacted, That this Ordinance shall be deemed and 
 taken to be a Public Ordinance, and shall be judiciously taken 
 notice of as such, by all Judges, Magistrates, and others, without 
 being specially pleaded. 
 
 God SAVE the King ! 
 Given at the Cape of Good Hope, this 1st day of September, 1829. 
 By Command of His Excellency the Governor, 
 (Signed) JOHX BELL, 
 
 Secretary to Government. 
 
 By Order of the Council, 
 
 (Signed) K. P>. HAMILTON, 
 
 Clerk of the Council. 
 
( 122 ) 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 The Memorial of the Clergy axd Laymen of the Unitei> 
 Church of England and Ireland, resident in the 
 Eastern Province of the Cape of Good Hope, to the 
 Committee of the Colonial Bishops' Fund. 
 
 Humbly Sheweth, — That the Colony of the Cape of Good 
 Hope, which has been annexed to the British dominions since the 
 year 1806, contains, as appears from official returns, about 110,000 
 square miles, and 100,000 inhabitants ; that of this nmnber about 
 two-thirds reside in the Western Province, and the rest in the 
 Eastern Division. That in the Eastern Province about one-half of 
 the inhabitants are European, and the other half natives of the 
 different tribes. That there are in the Western Province about 
 G,G00 persons belonging to the Church of England, while in the 
 Eastern they are computed at 3,400, making altogether 10,000 souls. 
 That there are at present six clergymen employed, and six churches 
 in the Western Division, while five clergymen and two catechists 
 are employed in the Eastern Province, where there are five places 
 of worship already completed, and three others in contemplation. 
 'Jliat though the members of tlic Church of England resident in 
 Cape Town and its immediate vicinit}' have occasionally enjoyed 
 Episcopal visitation and confirmation from bishops proceeding to the 
 eastward, yet the other parts of this extensive countr}', including 
 the Eastern Province, in which a large number of British emigrants 
 were settled in 1820, have never enjoyed any of these advantages ; 
 so that in this respect the Church of England has l)een left in a 
 much worse position than anj'- other denomination of Christians in 
 the Colony ; for, while the Dutch lleformed Church has its Pres- 
 byters and Synods, the Wesieyans, and even the Indejiendents, 
 their Missionary Superintendents, and the Poman Catholics tlieii- 
 Vicars Apostolic, the Church of England is still without the means 
 of carrying out her own rules and discipline, or any bond of union 
 to connect and combine her efforts; without any spiritual authority 
 to which her ministers or m(!mbers may refer in cases of difficulty 
 or irregularity, or any ])ro])er channel of correspondence with the 
 Home or Colonial Government ; since, in a word, without taking 
 into account the Mauritius or St. Helena, which might conveniently 
 be annexed to the See of the ('ape, there are in tliis Colony alone 
 10,000 souls belonging to the Church of England, eleven clergymen 
 already employed, together with two catechists, eleven churches or 
 chapels occupie<l, and several others in contemplation ; therefore on 
 these grounds your memorialists do humbly pray that you would 
 be pleased to use your influence in ])rocuring the early appointment 
 of a I'ishop for the Ca])e of Good Ilo])e. 
 
 And your memorialibts, as in duty bound, will ever pray, ^c. 
 
APPENDIX E. 
 
 Letters Patent of 1847. 
 
 Victoria, by tlie Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, to all whom tliese 
 Presents shall come — Greeting. Whereas the doctrine and 
 discipline of the United Chm-ch of England and Ireland are pro- 
 fessed and observed by manj^ of our loving subjects resident in our 
 colony or settlement of the Cape of Good Hojie, and in our island of 
 St. Helena, and our aforesaid subjects are deprived of some of the 
 offices prescribed by the liturgy and usage of the Church aforesaid, 
 by reason that there is not a bishop residing and exercising jurisdic- 
 tion and canonical functions within the same. And whereas, for 
 remedy of the aforesaid inconveniences and defects, it is our ro5'-al 
 intention to erect the said colony or settlement and island into a 
 Bishop's See or Diocese. Now, know ye, that in pursuance of such 
 our royal determination, we do by these our Letters Patent, under 
 the Great Seal of our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 erect, ordain, and constitute our said colony or settlement of the 
 Cape of Good Hope, with its dependencies, and our said island of St. 
 Helena, to be a Bishop's See and Diocese, and do declare and ordain, 
 that the same shall be called the Bishopric of Capetown. 
 
 And to the end that this our intention may be carried into due 
 effect, we having great confidence in the learning, morals, probity, 
 and prudence of our well-beloved Ptobert Gray, Doctor of Divinity, 
 do name and appoint him to be ordained and consecrated Bishop of 
 the said See of Cn]ietown : and we do hereby signify to the most 
 reverend Father in God, William, by Divine Providence Lord Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, Prhnate of all England, and Metropolitan, the 
 erection and constitution of the said see and diocese, and our nomi- 
 nation of the said Robert Gray. Requiring, and, by the faith and 
 love whereby he is bound unto us, commanding the said most 
 reverend Father in God t(j ordain and consecrate the said Ilobert 
 Gray to be Bishop of the said see or diocese in manner accustomed, 
 and diligently to do and perform all other things appertaining to his 
 office in this behalf, with effect. And we do ordain and declare, that 
 the said Piobert Gray, so by us nominated and a]^pointod, after 
 having been ordained and consecrated thereunto as aforesaid, may, 
 by virtue of such ap[)ointment and consecration, enter into and 
 possess the said l)isho])'s see, as Bishop thereof, without let or im- 
 l^ediment from us, our heirs or successors, for the term of his natural 
 
124 Appendix E, 
 
 life, subject nevertheless to the right of resignation hereinafter more 
 particularly expressed. 
 
 Moreover, we will and grant by these presents, that the Bishop of 
 Capetown shall be a body corporate, and do ordain, make, and con- 
 stitute him to be a perj^etual corporation, and to have perpetual 
 succession, and that he and his successors be for ever hereafter 
 called or knoAvu by the title of the Lord Bishop of Capetown, and 
 that he and his successors by the name or title aforesaid shall be 
 able and capable in the law, and have full power to purchase, have, 
 take, hold, and enjoy manors, messuages, lands, rents, tenements, 
 annuities, and hereditaments of what nature or kind soever, in fee 
 and in per])etuity, or for a term of life or years, and also all manner 
 of goods, chattels, and things personal whatsoever, of what nature 
 or value soever ; and that he and his successors, by and under the 
 said name and title, may prosecute, claim, plead and be impleaded, 
 defend and be defended, answer and be answered, in all manner of 
 courts of us, our heirs and successors, and elsewhere, in and upon all 
 and singular causes, actions, suits, writs, and demands, real and 
 personal and mixed, as well spiritual as temjjoral, and in all other 
 things, causes, and matters whatsoever ; and that the said Bishop 
 of Capetown, and his successors, shall and may for ever hereafter 
 have and use a corporate seal, and the said seal, from time to time, 
 at his and their will and jileasure, brake, change, alter, or make 
 anew, as he or they shall deem expedient. And we do further by 
 these presents ordain and constitute the town of Capetown, witliiu 
 the said colony or settlement of the Cape of Good IJopc, to be a 
 Bishop's see, and the seat of the said Bishop. And we do ordain 
 that the said town of Capetown shall henceforth be a city, and be 
 called the City of Capetown. 
 
 And we do hereby further ordain and declare that the Church 
 called St. George, in the said City of CapetoAvn, shall henceforth lie 
 the Cathedral Church and Sec of the said Robert Gray, and his 
 successors, Bishops of Capetown; 
 
 But, nevertheless, that it shall and may be lawful for the said 
 Bishop and his successors, by any writing or writings under his or 
 tlieir hand and episcopal seal, to make and constitute any other 
 church now erected, or hereafter to be erected, within the said city, 
 or the liberties thereof, to be the Cathedral Church and See of the 
 said Bishop and his successors, in the place and stead of the Church 
 of Saint George af(jresaid. 
 
 And we do further ordam and declare that the said Bishop of 
 Capetown and his successors shall be subject and subordinate to the 
 Metro})olitical See of Canterl)ury, and to the Arclibishops thereof in 
 the same manner as any Bisho]) of any See within the ])roviuce of 
 Canterbury, in our Kingdom of England, is under the same Metro- 
 political See and the Archbishops thereof. 
 
 And we (l<j further will and ordain that every Bishop of Capetown 
 
Appendix E. 125 
 
 shall take an oath of due obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury 
 for the time being, as his Metropolitan, which oath shall be 
 ministered by the said Archbishop, or by any person by him duly 
 authorised and appointed for that purpose. 
 
 And we do further by these presents, expressly declare that the 
 said Bishop of Capetown and his successors, having been respectively 
 by us, our heirs, and successors, named and appointed, and by the 
 said Archbishop of Canterbury for the time being canonically 
 ordained and consecrated, according to the form of the United 
 Church of England and Ireland, may perform all the functions 
 peculiar and appropriate to the office of Bishop within the said 
 Diocese of Capeto\vn. 
 
 And for a declaration of the spiritual causes and matters in which 
 the aforesaid jurisdiction may be more specially exercised, we do by 
 these presents further declare that the aforesaid Bishop of Cape- 
 town, and his successors, may exercise and enjoy full power and 
 authority, by himself or themselves, or by the Archdeacon or 
 Archdeacons, or the Vicar-General, or other officer or officers herein- 
 after mentioned, to give institution to benejEices, to grant licences to 
 officiate to all Eectors, Curates, Ministers, and Chaplains of all the 
 Churches or Chapels, or other places within the said Diocese, wherein 
 Divine Service shall be celebrated according to the rites and liturgy 
 of the Church of England, and to visit all Sectors, Curates, 
 Ministers, and Chaplains, and all Priests and Deacons in holy orders 
 of the United Church of England and Ireland resident within the 
 said Diocese ; and also to call before him or them, or before the 
 Archdeacon or Archdeacons, or the Vicar-General, or other officer 
 or officers hereinafter mentioned, at such competent days, hours, 
 and places, when and so often as to him or them shall seem meet 
 and convenient, the abovesaid Rectors, Curates, Ministers, Chaplains, 
 Priests, and Deacons, or any of them, and to inquire as well con- 
 cerning their morals as their behaviour in their said offices and 
 stations respectively, — subject, nevertheless, to such rights of review 
 and appeal as are hereinafter given and reserved: And for the 
 better accomplishment of the purposes aforesaid, we do hereby grant 
 and declare that the said Bishop of Capetown, and his successors, 
 may found and constitute one or more Dignities in his Cathedral 
 Church, and also one or more Archdeaconries within the said 
 Diocese, and may collate fit and proper persons to be Dignitaries of 
 the said Cathedral Church, and one or more fit and proper persons 
 to be the Archdeacons of the said Archdeaconries respectively. 
 
 Provided alway-s that such Dignitaries and Archdeacons shall 
 exercise such jurisdiction only as shall be committed to them by 
 the said Bishop, or his successors ; and the said Bishop, and his 
 successors, may also from time to time nominate and appoint fit and 
 proper persons to be respectively the officei's hereinafter mentioned, 
 that is to say, to be Vicar-General, Official Principal, Chancellor, 
 
126 Appendix E. 
 
 Rural Deans, and Commissaries, either general or special, and may 
 also appoint one or more fit and proper persons to be Registrars and 
 Actuaries. 
 
 Provided always, that the Dignitaries and Archdeacons aforesaid 
 shall be subject and subordinate to the said Bishop of Cax^etown, 
 and Ills successors, and shall be assisting to him and them in the 
 exercise of liis and their episcopal jurisdiction and functions : And 
 we will and declare that during a vacancy of the said See of Cape- 
 town by the demise of the Bishop thereof, or otherwise, the said 
 Dignitaries and Archdeacons, and the said Vicar-General and other 
 officers respectively ap])ointed as af)resaid, shall continue to 
 exercise, so far as by law they may or can, the jurisdiction and 
 functions delegated to them, and that the said Registrars and 
 Actuaries shall respective!}^ continue to discharge the duties Avhere- 
 imto they have been appointed, until a new Bishop of the said See 
 of Capetown shall have been nominated anc]^ consecrated, and his 
 arrival within the limits of the said Diocese shall have been notified 
 to the said parties respectively. 
 
 And we further will and do by these presents declare and ordain 
 that it shall be lawful for any party against whom any judgment, 
 decree, or sentence shall be pronounced by any of the said Arch- 
 deacons, or by the Vicar-General, or other officer or officers of the 
 Kaid Bishop or his successor, to demand a re- examination and review 
 of such judgment, decree, or sentence, before the Bishop, or his 
 successors, in person, who upon such demand made, shall take 
 cognizance thereof and shall have full power and authority to aftinn, 
 reverse, or alter the said judgment, sentence, or decree. 
 
 And if any party shall conceive himself aggrieved by any judg- 
 ment, decree, or sentence, pronounced by the said Bishop of Cai)e- 
 to\vn, or his successors, either in case of such review or in any 
 cause originally instituted before the said Bisho]"), or his successors, 
 it shall be lawful for the said party to appeal to the said Lord Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, or his successors, who shall finally decide and 
 determine the said appeal. 
 
 Provided always, that in any such case of appeal or revie^\', 
 notice of the intention of the party to make such appeal, or demand 
 such review, shall be given to the Bishop or subordinate judge by 
 Avhom the sentence appealed from, or to be reviewed, shall have been 
 ])ronounced, within fifteen days fiT>m the promulgation thereof. 
 
 And we do further will, and by these presents ordain that, in all 
 cases in which an appeal shall be made or review demanded as 
 aforesaid, a copy of the judgment or sentence in such case pronud- 
 gated or given, setting forth the causes thereof, together with a co])v 
 of the evidence on which the same was founded, shall, without 
 delay, be certified and transmitted l>y such subordinate judge to the 
 said Bishop or his successor, or by the; said Bishop, or his successors, 
 to the said Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, as the case may require. 
 
Appendix E. 127 
 
 Moreover it is our will and pleasure, and we do hereby declare 
 and ordain, that nothing in these presents contained shall extend, 
 or be construed to extend, to repeal, vary, or alter the provisions of 
 any charter whereb}' ecclesiastical jurisdiction has been given to any 
 court of judicature within tlie limits of the said Diocese. And for 
 removing doubts with respect to the validity of the resignation of 
 the said office and dignity of Bishop of Capetown, it is our further 
 will that if the said 13ishop or any of his successors shall, by instru- 
 ment under his hand and seal, delivered and sent to the ArchbishoiJ 
 of Canterbury for the time being, and by him accepted and 
 I'egistered in the Office of Faculties of the said Archbishop, resign 
 the office and dignity of ]>ishop of Capetown, such Bishop shall, 
 from the time of such acceptance and i-egistration, cease to be 
 Bishop of Capetown, to all intents and purposes, but without 
 prejudice to any responsibility to Avhich he may be liable, in law or 
 equity, in respect of his conduct in his said office. 
 
 And, lastly, to the end that all things aforesaid may be firmly 
 holden and done, we will and grant to the aforesaid Eobert Gray, 
 that he shall have our Letters Patent, under our Great Seal of our 
 said United Kmgdom, duly made and sealed. 
 
 In witness whereof, we have caused these our Letters to be made 
 Patent. 
 
 Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the 25th day of June, in the 
 eleventh year of our reign. 
 
 By Writ of Privy Seal, 
 
 BATHUEST. 
 
( 128 ) 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 List of Clergy stationed at the Cape. 
 
 1795 to 1847. 
 
 Arrived — 
 
 1795. Eev. J. E. Atwood, E.N. 
 
 1797. H. Davis. Left 1799. 
 
 Dr. Dolling, R.N. 
 1799. Thomas Tringliam Left 1803. 
 
 180G, Feb. David Griffiths. Left April, 180G. 
 
 1807, 16th Jan. Robert Jones, B.A,, afterwards D.D. 
 
 Chaplain of Outposts. 
 
 Military Chaplain. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain, 3rd Oct., 1811. 
 
 On leave May, 1814-8th March, 1816. 
 
 Left for England, Feb., 1817. 
 
 18o7, Nov. Lawrence Halluran, D.D., King's College, Aberdeen. 
 
 Chaplain to H.M. Military and Naval Forces. 
 
 Rector Gymnasii, 24th May, 1810. 
 
 Resigned, June, 1810. 
 
 Banished the Colony, 6th Marcli, 1811. 
 
 Died in N. S. Wales, 8th March, 1831. 
 
 1811, June. M. A. Parker. 
 
 Chaplain to the Forces. 
 
 Left the Cape, Feb., 1813. 
 
 1813. George Hough, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke Coll., Oxford. 
 
 Colonial Chajjlain at Simonstown, 24 Sept., 1813. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain at Capetown, 21st Feb., 1817. 
 
 On leave in England, July, 1819-June, 1821. 
 
 Returned to England, 1846. 
 
 Resigned, 1847. 
 
 1814, 5th April. John Short Hewett, M.A., Fellow of Clare Coll., 
 
 Cambridge. 
 Chaplain to Forces. 
 
 ]leturned to England, 1816. 
 
 Died, 1835. 
 
 1817, 28th March. N. R. Dennis, M.A. 
 Chaplain to Forces. 
 
 Acting Colonial Chaplain, 1st Oct., 1819-1821. 
 Left the Cape, Dec, 1822. 
 
Appendix F. 129 
 
 1818, 3rd August. George William Milner Sturt, B.A. 
 
 Acting Colonial Chaplain, Capetown, 30tli 
 
 July, 1819. 
 
 Chaplain at Simonstown, 24th Sept., 1819. 
 
 Died, 25th Aug., 1830. 
 
 1818, 6th Oct. Thomas Erskine, M.A. 
 
 Chaplain at Simonstown, 22nd Oct., 1818. 
 
 Resigned, Sept. 1819. 
 
 Eeturned to England. 
 1820, Gth March. Henry Collison, M.A. 
 
 Officiated occasionally till 1823. 
 
 In England till 25th March, 1824. 
 
 Acting Chaplain to Forces, Nov., 1824—1825. 
 
 Returned to England R. of Bilney, Norfolk. 
 
 Died, 1881, set. 89. 
 1820, 30th April. Francis McClelland, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin. 
 
 Minister at Clanwilliam. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain at Fort Elizabeth, 11th 
 
 Nov., 1843. 
 
 Died a3t. 61, 10th July, 1853. 
 
 1820, 2nd May. William Boardman. 
 
 Chaplain at Bathurst. 
 
 Died, 10th August, 1825. 
 
 1821, 7th March. William Wright, M.A., 1st S. F. G. Missionary, 
 
 Trin. Coll., Dubhn. 
 Missionary at Wynberg, 22nd July. 
 
 Chaplain at Bathurst, 10th Jan., 1828. 
 
 Eeturned to England, 1830. 
 
 1821, 12th Aug. Fearon Fallows, M.A., F.R.S., Astronomer 
 Royal. 
 Acting Cha[)lain of the Forces, 1823. 
 
 Died at Capetown, ret. 43, 25tli July, 1831. 
 1823, 10th Feb. William Geary. 
 
 Military and Civil Chaplain at Grahamstown, 
 
 April, 1823. 
 Removed from his clerical employments, etc., 
 
 8ih Oct., 1824. 
 1823, 2nd Nov. Thomas Ireland, M.A. 
 
 Military Chaplain, Capetown. 
 Chaplain j[)ro tern, at Grahamstown, 
 
 9th Oct., 1824. 
 Left the Cape, Oct., 1827. 
 
 Died in Ceylon, 20th January, 1832. 
 
 1825, 2nd May. Edward Judge, M.A., Trinity Coll., Cambridge. 
 Master of the Classical School, Capetown, 1825. 
 Professor of Classics, S. A. College, 1829. 
 
 K 
 
130 Appendix F. 
 
 Acting Chaplain at Wynberg, and Mil. Chap., 
 
 1832. 
 
 Junior Provisional Chap, of "Wynberg, or 
 
 Acting Chaplain of Eendebosch, 1st 
 
 March, 1834. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain at Simonstown, 1st Feb. 
 
 1840. 
 Canon of Capetown, 1850. 
 
 Died, 1872. 
 
 1826, 4th Oct. Eenjarain Croft Goodison, M.A. 
 
 Chaplain to the Forces, Capetown. 
 
 Acting Chaplain at Wynberg, 30th July, 1829. 
 
 Died in Capetown, 16th Feb., 1832. 
 
 1828, 12th July. William Carlyle, M.A. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain at Grahamstown. 
 
 Eetired on pension, 1838. 
 
 Died. 
 
 1829, Henry G. Pauncefoote Cooke, B.A., Exeter Coll., Oxford. 
 
 Actmg Military Chaplain, Capetown, 1831- 
 
 1832. 
 
 1830, 16th Jan. Charles Wimberley, H. E. I. C. S., Bengal. 
 
 Acting Colonial Chaplain, Sinionstown, 1830. 
 1830, 26th Feb. George Shepheard Porter, M.A. 
 
 Acting Chaplain at Bathurst, 1831. 
 
 1830, 4th Nov. Holt Okes, D.D. 
 
 Senior Provisional Chaplain, "Wynberg, 30tk 
 
 Oct., 1834. 
 Colonial Chaplain, "Wynberg, 1845. 
 
 Resigned, 1848. 
 
 Died. 
 
 1831, 6th Feb. John Larkin Fry, B.A., Pt.N. 
 
 Naval Chaplain. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain Piondebosch, 25th Oct., 
 
 1844. 
 
 Died. 
 1831, 30tli July. Henry Frazer, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain, Sinionstown, oOth July, 
 
 1831. 
 
 Died at Grahamstown, July, 1839. 
 
 1831, 3rd Oct. E. J. Burrow, D.D. 
 
 MiHtary Cliaplain, Capetown, 1832-1834. 
 
 1831, 28th Nov. John Heavyside. 
 
 Missionary. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain, Grahamstown, 16th Oct., 
 
 1838. 
 
 Died. 
 
Appendix F. 131 
 
 1833, nth May. James Barrow. 
 
 Colonial Chaplain, Batlmrst, 15th May, 1833. 
 Chancellor of Diocese of Grahamstown. 
 Retired, 18G8. 
 
 1836, nth April. Thomas Richard Arthur Blair. 
 
 Acting Chaplain at Simonstown, 1839. 
 
 Acting Militaiy Chaplain, Capetown, 1840- 
 
 1841. 
 
 Minister of Episcopal Chapel, 1841. 
 
 Minister of Holy Trinity Church, 1845. 
 
 Col. Chaplain, Wynberg, 1848. 
 
 Eeturned to England, 1853. 
 
 1837, March. Francis Owen, M.A., C. M. S. Missionary. 
 
 Missionary to Zululand. 
 
 Mission abandoned, 1838. 
 
 1838, March. J. W. Sanders, M.A., S. P. G. Missionary. 
 
 Clergyman for Juvenile Immigrants. 
 
 1840, 25th August. George Villiers Thorpe, B.A,, feidbury, 1844. 
 
 1841, 1st April Edward Paulet Blunt, M.A. 
 
 Military Chaplain, Capetown. 
 
 Eeturned to England, 5th May, 1844. 
 
 1842, 8th Jan. Herbert Beaver, Colonial and Continental Society. 
 
 Minister at Fort Beaufort, 1842. 
 
 1844, 16th. March. Bro\\^low Maitland, M.A. 
 
 Private Secretary to H. E. Sir P. Maitland. 
 Returned to England. 
 
 1845, 26th March. Edward Thomas Scott. 
 
 Chaplain at George, 22nd May, 1845. 
 
 Resigned, ^ 1845. 
 
 1845, August. WiUiam Long. 
 
 Minister at Graaf-Reinet, 1st August, 1845. 
 
 Incumbent of St. Peter's, Mowbray, 3rd June, 
 
 1854. 
 1845, 9th Sept. George Dacre, M.A. 
 
 Officiating Chaplain to Troops, C. T., Oct. 1845. 
 1845, 9th Sept. Robert Gumbleton Lamb, B.A., T.C.D. 
 
 Assistant Chaplain, St. George's, Capetown, 
 
 1845. 
 
 Incumbent of Trinity Church, 1848. 
 
 Resicrned, 1878. 
 
 1847, nth April. Philip^W. Copeman, M.A. 
 
 Minister at Uitenhage, 14th April, 1847. 
 
 Minister at Sidbury. 
 1847, June. George Frederic Childe, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford. 
 
 Assistant Astronomer. 
 
 Professor of Mathematics, S. A. College. 
 
 Returned to England 
 
 K 3 
 
132 Appendix F. 
 
 List of Cleegy visiting the Cape, and occasionally officiating, 
 
 BUT NOT holding ANY FIXED APPOINTMENTS. 
 
 1807. Charles Ball, H.E.I.C.S., May. 
 
 1810. Eobert Baynes, LL.B., late B.X., H.E.I.C.S. Bombay, May. 
 
 1814. J. M. S. Glennie, Sept.— Nov. 
 
 1822. — Bi-iggs, R.N. (Simonstown), March. 
 
 1822. Morgan Davis, of Madras Est., died in C. T., Nov. 
 
 1828. B. McDonald Chanter, LL.B., Nov.— Jan., 1829. 
 
 1829. F. Goode, M.A., Feb. 
 
 1830. Jackson M. Williams, M.A., H.E.LC.S., Madras. 
 
 1830. Archdeacon Scott, M.A., Nov. 
 
 1832. John C. Street, H.E.LC.S. 
 
 1833. Archdeacon Robinson, D.D., Madras, January. 
 
 1833. A. Denny, M.A., Sr., Col. Chapl., Mauritius, Feb.— April. 
 
 1834. William V. Hannah, Chapl. H.M.S. Isu (Simonstown). 
 1834. J. Hallewell, M.A. (Wynbero;), Oct. 
 1837. Richard Bethnel Boyes, B.A.^ H.E.LC.S. 
 
 1837. Robert Abercrombie Denton, B.A., June. 
 
 1840. J. Vaughan, B.A., H.E.I.C.S. 
 
 1840. A. Fielding, M.A., April. 
 
 1842. Henry Hutton, B.A., H.E.I.C.S. 
 
 1843. Pascoe G. Hill, Chapl. H.M.S. Cleopatra. 
 
 1844. BroAndow Maitland, M.A., Private Sec. H.E. the Governor. 
 
 1845. Charles Henry Gladwin, B.A., IMarch. 
 1845. W. Steel (Simonstown). 
 
 1847. M. J. Jennings, M.A. (Rondcbosch). 
 
( ^33 ) 
 
 APPENDIX G. 
 
 List of Pamphlets, Sermons, &c., published at the Cape. 
 
 1808. A Sermon on the Guilt of Dishonesty. In its various degrees; 
 on its usual incentives ; and present and future punish- 
 ment. Delivered before the British Army at the Cape of 
 Good Hope on Sunday, the 29th May, 1808. By Laurens 
 Halloran, D.D., Chaplain to His Majesty's Forces at that 
 settlement, late Chaplain and Secretary to Ptear-Admiral 
 the Earl of Northesk, K.B., &c. Printed for the author 
 for the purpose of gratuitous distribution. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 1808. Piedevoering ter gelegenheid van der Luisterrijke en beslissende 
 overwinning door de Britsche Vloot, onder bevel van Lord 
 Yiscount Nelson, behaald over de vereenigde en talrijker 
 magt van Frankryk en Spanje op de hoogte van Trafalgar 
 op Maandag den 21 Oct. 1805, gehouden aan boord van 
 Zyn Majs. Schip Britannia, in zee op Zondag den 3 Nov. 
 1805. i)oor Lourens Halloran, Doctor der Godgeleerdheid, 
 Kapellaan op het voornoemde Schip en Secretaris van den 
 Schautbij-Nacht den Graaf van Northesk. Kaapstad ; 
 gedrukt ter Governments Drukkery. post 8vo. pp. 20. 
 
 1813. Universal Charity of the Gospel. A sermon preached on 
 Sunday, January 10th, 1813, in the Established Church 
 of Capetown, by the Rev. Piobert Jones, B.A,, Colonial 
 Chaplain, and published at the request of His Excellency 
 Lt.-Gen. Sir John Francis Cradock, K.B., K.C., Governor 
 and Commander-in-Chief, &c. Capetown : printed at the 
 Government Press, post 8vo. pp. 1 5. 
 
 1813. Yoordeelen eener Godsdienstige Opvoeding. Eene leerredo 
 uitgcsproken op Zondag, den 11 Maart, 1813, in de 
 Engelsche Kerk van de Kaapstad, Door den Eerw. 
 Robert Jones, B.A., Kuloniaal Kapellaan en lid der School 
 Commissie. Uitgegevcn op verzoek van Zijne Excellent ie 
 den Lieut.-Generaal Sir John Francis Cradock, K.B. en 
 K.C., Hoofdgebieder en Opperbevelhebber, enz. (uit de 
 Engelsch vertaald). Kaapstad : Gedrukt ter Gouverne- 
 ments Drukkerij. post 8vo. pp. 20. 
 
 1821. On Evil Speaking. A sermon preached in the English 
 Church, Capetown, on Sunda5\ August 2Gth, 1821, and 
 published at the request of His Excellency ]\Lajor-General 
 Sir R. S. Donkin, K.C.B., Acting Governor, &c. By 
 the Rev. George Hougli, M.A., Colonial Chaplain, Cape 
 of Good Hope. Printed at the Government Press. 8vo. 
 
134 Appendix G. 
 
 pp. 15. (Text, St. James iv. 11.) The profits to be for 
 the Settlers' Fund. 
 
 1825. A Sermon on the dut)'- of suhmission to lawful authority. 
 Preached at the Military Chapei Capetown, on Sunday, 
 Nov. 20th, 1825, by the Kev. G-eorge Hough, M.A.* 
 Colonial Chaplain and Acting Military Chaplain; and 
 published at the request of His Excellency General the 
 Bight Hon. liord Charles Somerset, Governor and Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, &c. Cape of Good Hope : Printed at 
 the Government Press. 8vo. pp. 25. 
 
 1827. Duelling. A sermon on the Sixth Commandment, respect- 
 fully addressed to the inhabitants of Capetown. The 
 profits of this discoiu'se will be given to the South African 
 Infirmary Fund. Capetown : Printed by W. Bridekirk, 
 Heeregracht. 8vo. jip. 15. 
 
 1829. The Church Catechism explained. Compiled from Lewis's 
 Catechism. For the use of the Sunday Schools in 
 connection with the English Established Church, Cape- 
 towTi. Printed at the Government Press, Cape of Good 
 Hope, 1829. pp. 96. 
 
 1833. The Dignity of Public Worship. A Sermon delivered at 
 Wynberg, Cape of Good Hope, on the occasion of conse- 
 crating grounds as sites for a church and churchyard at 
 that place. By Daniel, Bishop of Calcutta. Printed and 
 published by George Greig Keizersgracht, Capetown. 
 8vo. pp. 27. 
 
 1S3G. A Sermon preached in the Dutch Church, Wynberg, before 
 the "Cape Friendly Society," on the Feast of the 
 Epiphany, 1836. By the Rev. Henry Eraser, A.B., 
 Mcnibi-r of Trinity College, Dublin, Chaplain at Simons- 
 town, Cape of Good Hope. Printed at the request of the 
 Members of the " Cape Friendly Society." Capetown : 
 Printed by G. J. Pike, 11, St. George's Street. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 1838. A Warning Voice at tlie Commencement of the Year. A 
 Sermon preached at Wynberg before His Plxcellency the 
 Governor, and the "Cape Friendly Society "at their anni- 
 versary meeting held on Mfjnday, the 1st of January, 
 1838. By the Rev. 11. B. Boyes, B.A., late of Queen's 
 College, Cambridge, and Cha[)lain of the Hon. East India 
 Company's lien-ial Establishment. Capetown : Printed 
 by G. J. Pike, 15, St. George's Street. 8vo. pp. 12. 
 
 1838. A Sermon to the Young : more ]\articularly intended for the 
 Juvenile Emigrants; As preached in St. George's Church, 
 Capetown, Soutli Africa, on Sunday evening, 10th June, 
 1838, by the Rev. J. W. Sanders, A.M, from tlie S.P.G. 
 Published by request. Capetown : Printed by G. J. Pike, 
 15, St. George's Street. 12mo. pp. 22. 
 
Appendix G. 135 
 
 1839. Eemarks on tlie Ordinance, No. 2, 1839. Entitled " For 
 Authorizing the Appointment of a Vestry and Church- 
 wardens for St. George's Church, Grahamstown." Gra- 
 hamstown : Aldum and Harvey. Printers, Queen Street. 
 12mo. pp. 24. 
 
 1839. A Sermon i^reached in Eondebosch Church, Cape of Good 
 Hope, on Sunday, the 17th February, 1839, on the 
 occasion of the fifth anniversary of that Church. By the 
 Eev. Henry Fraser, B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, Colonial 
 Chaplain of Simonstown. Published by request, Cape- 
 town : A. S. Ptobertson. Heeregracht. 8vu. pp. 25. 
 
 1842. A Sermon preached in the Episcopal Chapel, Capetown, 
 Cai^e of Good Hope, on Sunday, the 8th May, 1842, in 
 behalf of the funds of the "Colonial Church Society." 
 By the Eev. Henry Hutton, B.A., Hon. East India 
 Company's Service, Bengal Establishment. Published by 
 request. Capeto^xoi : A. S. Eobertson, Heeregracht. 
 (Price One Shilling, in aid of the Funds.) 8vo. pp. 14. 
 
 1845. Catechism relating to the six days' Creation as revealed in 
 
 the Holy Bible, intended for the use of young persons. 
 (By the Eev. Holt Okes, D.D.) CapetoAxm, 1845. 
 
 1846. A Sermon dehvered at the opening of the Green Point 
 
 School House. By the Eev. T. A. Blair, Minister of 
 Trinity Church, Capetown. Published at the request of 
 the Committee. Capetown: A. S. Eobertson, 21, Heere- 
 gracht. 8vo. pp. 19. 
 
 1847. Baptismal Eegeneraticn opposed both by the Word of God 
 
 and the standard of the Church of England. By the Eev. 
 Capel Molyneux, B.A., Minister of the Trinity Episcopal 
 Church, Woolwich. Capetown : Printed by G. J. Pike, 
 59, St.. George's Street. 12mo. pp.40. 
 1847. Where may the Next Step place Us ; or. The Great Change. 
 The substance of a sermon preached in St. George's 
 Church, Caiietown, on Sunday, the 22nd August, 1847, 
 on the occasion of the death of Charles Henry Carpenter, 
 Esq., by a fall from a precipice adjacent to Table Moun- 
 tain. By the Eev. Eobert Gumbleton Lamb, A.B., 
 Junior Chaplain. [Text, Matt. xxiv. 40-44.] Cape- 
 town : A. S. Eobertson, Heeregracht, and J. H. Collard, 
 Shortmarket Street. Price Sixpence. 12mo. pp. 22. 
 
( 13^ ) 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Ordinances and Laws enacted by the Legislature of the 
 Colony from 1806 to 1848, relating to or affecting the 
 English Church, and still in force. 
 
 From 1806 to May, 1825, tlie laws consist of proclamations, and 
 of advertisements having the effect, though not the form, of pro- 
 clamations, issued by the authority of the Governor alone. From 
 jNIay, 1825, when a Council of Government was estabUshed in the 
 Colony, the laws assumed the form of Ordinances passed by the 
 Governor in Council. From 1834, when a Legislative Council was 
 established, until 1853, when the Iconstitution was granted, the 
 Ordinances were passed by the Governor with the advice and 
 consent of the Legislative Council. 
 
 What are commonly called the Church Orchnanccs fall into two 
 classes, the first authorizing a sum of money to be raised in shares 
 for building a church — in one case by loan for enlarging a church ; 
 the second authorizing the appointment of a Vestry and Church- 
 wardens for a church already built or about to be built. But as the 
 former class always contains clauses constituting a Vestry and 
 Churchwardens, there are several clauses conmion to both. The 
 oldest Ordinance, that of St. George's, Capetown, was drawn up by 
 the Hon. William Westbrooke Burton, one of the Judges of the 
 Supreme Court, and is the model upon which all the others arc 
 formed. * 
 
 180G. April 2G. Proclamation. — Marriages t(j be solemnized 
 
 by clergymen only. 
 1814. Feb. 2G. Advertisement. — Baims of Marriages solem- 
 
 nized according to the 
 English form to be i)ub- 
 lished in an English 
 church. 
 1818. ^larch 20. Advertisement. — S])ccial Marriage Licences 
 
 to be granted on a stamp 
 of 200Bds. 
 All the above are modified Ijy subsequent legislation. 
 1821). Sept. 1. Ordmance No. 4, local. — For authorizing a 
 
 sum of money to be raised in shares for 
 erecting an English church at Cape- 
 town. 
 
Appendix H. 
 
 137 
 
 1839. January 23. 
 
 1839. Feb. 1. 
 
 1832. June 13. Ordinance No. 5, local. — For authorizing a 
 
 sum of money to be raised in shares for 
 building a cliurch at Bathurst. 
 
 1833. November 11. Ordinance No. 6, local. — For authorizing a 
 
 sum of money to be raised in shares for 
 building a church at Wynberg. 
 1838. March 22. Ordmance No. 1. — For repealing the Ordi- 
 
 nance intituled " An Ordinance for the 
 better observance of the Lord's Day in 
 this Colony," and dated the 23rd day of 
 August, 1837, and for making other 
 provisions instead thereof. 
 
 Ordinance No. 2. — For authorizing the ap- 
 pointment of a Vestry and Church- 
 wardens for St. George's Church, 
 Grahamstown. 
 
 Order of the Queen in Council dated 7th 
 Sept. 1838, as to marriages in this 
 Colony in force in the Colony from 
 1st Feb., 1839. 
 
 Order of the Queen in Council as to Fees of 
 Clergy not affected by former Order. 
 
 Ordinance No. 1 for authorizing the appoint- 
 ment of a Vestry and Churchwardens 
 for St. Mary's Church at Port Elizabeth. 
 
 Ordinance No. 2 for authorizing the appoint- 
 ment of a Vestry and CWchwardens 
 for Sidbury. 
 
 Ordinance No. 5 for authorizing the appoint- 
 ment of a Vestry and Churchwardens 
 for St. Paul's Church at Kondebosch. 
 
 Ordinance No. 7 for authorizing a sum of 
 money to be raised in shares for build- 
 ing a church at Fort Beaufort. 
 
 Ordinance No. 8 for authorizing the appoint- 
 ment of a Vestry and Churchwardens 
 for the Episcopal Church about to be 
 erected at Graaf-Eeinet. 
 1847. March 5. Ordinance No. 3 for authorizing the Vestry 
 
 of St. Paul's Church, Eondebosch, to 
 raise a sum of money not exceeding 
 £2,000, to enlarge the building of the 
 said church. 
 
 1839. 
 
 Feb. 20. 
 
 1842. 
 
 March 3. 
 
 1842. 
 
 March 3. 
 
 1845. 
 
 Feb. 27. 
 
 1845. 
 
 March 25. 
 
 1846. 
 
 Feb. 16. 
 
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