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The New Horoscope of Missions 
 
The New Horoscope 
 of Missions 
 
 x 
 
 By JAMES S. DENNIS, D. D. 
 
 Author of " Christian Missions and Social 
 Progress" " Centennial Survey of Foreign Mis- 
 sions" and "Foreign Missions After a Century" 
 
 New York Chicago Toronto 
 
 Fleming H. Revell Company 
 London and Edinburgh 
 
Copyright, 1908, by 
 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY 
 
 New York: 158 Fifth Avenue 
 Chicago: 80 Wabash Avenue 
 Toronto: 25 Richmond Street, W. 
 London: 21 Paternoster Square 
 Edinburgh: 100 Princes Street 
 
The John H. Converse Lectures on Missions 
 
 Being the First Course o?i that Foun- 
 dation, delivered at the McCormick 
 Theological Seminary, Chicago, 
 Illinois, November, 1907. 
 
To the Reverend 
 James G. K. McClure, D.D., LL. £>., 
 
 President of the McCormick Theological 
 Seminary >, this volume is inscribed as a trib- 
 ute of high esteem and sincere friendship. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 THE immense significance of the mis- 
 sionary enterprise not only as a re- 
 ligious ministry to mankind, but as 
 a fruitful source of beneficent helpfulness to 
 the world, is claiming the attention of the 
 Church and the general public as never be- 
 fore in Christian history. The cause of mis- 
 sions seems to be finding itself anew in the 
 hearts of Christ's followers, and to be invok- 
 ing a sane and intelligent appreciation on 
 the part of the universal Church, to an extent 
 which justifies a well founded assurance of 
 the coming expansion of Christendom to 
 world-wide proportions. 
 
 In the lectures which form the subject 
 matter of this volume an attempt has been 
 made to summarize from a missionary point 
 of view the significance of the new era which 
 has come with such startling suddenness in 
 the contemporary history of nations long 
 9 
 
IO PREFACE 
 
 regarded as non-progressive and negligible. 
 There is a mingling of promise and portent 
 in the present outlook, and especially there is 
 a call to the Christian Church the historic im- 
 port of which has probably never been sur- 
 passed in any age of human progress. 
 
 The " New Horoscope," if read aright, 
 may be regarded as portraying an enlarged 
 missionary outlook, manifested in the awak- 
 ening world-consciousness of the Christian 
 Churches, and the providential significance 
 of the opportunity abroad. It may be inter- 
 preted as voicing the claims of the universal 
 kingdom of God in this critical hour of its 
 history, and as pointing to the signs of a 
 larger loyalty to the comprehensive aim of 
 the Gospel, to a deeper consciousness of 
 power which has come to the Church in its 
 cosmopolitan environment, and to the irre- 
 sistible evidence which we have in our present 
 day that He is with us "alway, even unto 
 the end of the world." The moral uplift 
 which missions are bringing to the nations, 
 their value as a racial asset in the progress 
 of mankind, their efficacy in hastening that 
 
PREFACE II 
 
 reign of righteousness — individual, social, 
 and national, — for which the good of all ages 
 have prayed and toiled, and the significant 
 impulse to unity which they are giving, may 
 all be included as clearly written in the 
 scroll of destiny which the missionary prog- 
 ress of the twentieth century is swiftly un- 
 folding before the vision of Christian faith 
 and hope. 
 
 The author has ventured to include as an 
 appendix an address delivered at the Parlia- 
 ment of Religions, on "The Message of 
 Christianity to Other Religions/' since it 
 deals with a theme which is of permanent 
 missionary interest, and toward which many 
 thoughtful minds, in our day, are turning in 
 a spirit of wistful inquiry. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 LECTUKE I 
 A New World- Consciousness . . 15 
 
 LECTUKE II 
 
 Strategic Aspects of the Missionary 
 
 Outlook 57 
 
 LECTURE III 
 A New Cloud of Witnesses . . 103 
 
 LECTURE IV 
 
 Fresh Annals of the Kingdom . . 155 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 The Message of Christianity to Other 205 
 Religions 
 
 Index 
 
 233 
 
 13 
 
LECTURE I 
 A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 
 
The Christian Church is slowly coming to its right mind. 
 For proof, we note how hostility has effervesced in suspicion, 
 and suspicion has changed to indifference, and indifference has 
 become interest, and interest has leaped into loyalty, and, 
 finally, loyalty has been transformed into a notable pride in the 
 fruits of the toil of a singular type of man. We have known 
 too little of him. We ought to know vastly more of him and 
 his works. This man is unique among men. He swings down 
 the centuries with a free and powerful stride. His right to the 
 path he has not allowed any one long to dispute. He claims 
 to have but one business, and to breathe but one consuming 
 passion. He is a messenger of the King of kings, and has his 
 eye on the uttermost shores of earth. 
 
 The missionary has always had his eye on the nations of the 
 future. He has never failed to divine the regnant qualities 
 that lie latent in certain races. He must needs work for the 
 distant goal of the kingdom through those peoples, who, by 
 reason of their rapid growth, their instinct for expansion, their 
 industrial supremacy, and their masterful ability in government, 
 and the long call of God, are to control the next half hundred 
 and the next half thousand years. He is after the masters of 
 men, to bring them to the Master of all. 
 
 We dare not get away from this view of the world-move- 
 ment. The missionary is in line with the thought of a universal 
 Gospel. He links hands with the Master in His closing words 
 in St. Matthew's Gospel ; he grasps the hand of St. Paul in 
 Athens ; he echoes St. Peter's hope of the new world in which 
 dwelleth " righteousness "; he anoints his eyes with the apocalyp- 
 tic splendours of Revelation : " The kingdoms of this world 
 are become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ." 
 — Prof. Richard T. Stevenson , Ph. D. 
 
LECTURE I 
 
 A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 
 
 THE missionary ideal of Christianity- 
 is impressive in its simplicity, and 
 almost startling in its grandeur. Its 
 aim is to win the world for Christ. Nothing 
 less than this will satisfy the heart of our 
 Lord, or be accepted as an adequate dis- 
 charge of His great commission. It be- 
 comes, therefore, the plain duty of the 
 Church to aim at world conquest. It is her 
 privilege, as well as her inspiration, to 
 cherish the ideal of universal dominion, to 
 cultivate a certain world-consciousness as a 
 spiritual atmosphere in which she can dream 
 and hope and serve. This can always be 
 done without any disloyalty to the claims of 
 parochial duty, or the exactions of a local 
 consciousness. The Church must never fail 
 to discharge faithfully the obligations of her 
 17 
 
18 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 immediate environment, but at the same time 
 her sympathies should be world-wide, and 
 the goal of her destiny should be nothing 
 less than world victory. The statement that 
 the Church belongs to all ages would hardly 
 be questioned. Have we not quite as good 
 reason to regard this age-long institution as 
 belonging to all races and all lands ? Her 
 home is in the Christian hearts of all the 
 centuries, and, for substantially the same rea- 
 son, her native air is the encircling atmos- 
 phere of the whole planet. 
 
 The deeper, larger, nobler consciousness 
 of Christian discipleship can never be con- 
 tent with narrow or provincial limitations, 
 and this for very much the same reason that 
 national citizenship can never be bounded 
 by a state line, or confined within county or 
 municipal limits. Patriotic citizenship de- 
 mands a consciousness which reaches to the 
 utmost boundary line. Christian disciple- 
 ship, if true to its higher significance, cher- 
 ishes a world-consciousness as broad as hu- 
 manity, and as far-reaching as the love of 
 Christ. 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 1 9 
 
 The sense in which I shall use the expres- 
 sion world-consciousness in this lecture may 
 need further explanation. In its more gen- 
 eral and secular aspects it cannot be regarded 
 as a new experience in human history. Great 
 conquerors have often felt the thrill of it, and, 
 fascinated by its allurements, have followed 
 hard after the prizes of militant ambition. 
 Great empires have caught the inspiration of 
 it, and have nourished those ideals of destiny 
 to which it has given birth. Great states- 
 men have yielded to its sway, and under its 
 impulse have outlined their imperial pro- 
 grammes. In the projected Holy Roman 
 Empire of the Middle Ages we have an illus- 
 tration of the blending of political and eccle- 
 siastical ideals of universal rule under sup- 
 posed theocratic auspices. In modern times, 
 however, the development of national con- 
 solidation and colonial expansion, which is 
 represented in the so-called Great Powers of 
 Christendom, has checked somewhat the 
 ambitious suggestions of imperial aspiration. 
 This balance of rival nationalities has there- 
 fore proved a quieting influence to other- 
 
20 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 wise aggressive programmes of all-inclusive 
 expansion. 
 
 Happily, this colonial relationship, with the 
 measure of world-consciousness which it im- 
 plies, has been in many instances, although 
 with some dark and dismal exceptions, an 
 undoubted benefit to backward and unde- 
 veloped races. It has brought to many dis- 
 turbed portions of the earth the boon of 
 orderly government; it has introduced ad- 
 ministrative training; it has banished de- 
 generate and cruel customs ; it has intro- 
 duced educational facilities, modern methods 
 of transit and communication, and has es- 
 tablished valuable philanthropic agencies. It 
 has, to be sure, in some respects proved 
 disastrous to native industries; yet at the 
 same time it has opened new and wide com- 
 mercial doors, and created a demand for 
 industrial employment far more remunerative 
 and expansive than the old lines of toil could 
 ever promise. This impulse of colonial ex- 
 pansion, including as it does the necessity 
 of race contact, is regarded by Mr. James 
 Bryce as involving some of the most momen- 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 21 
 
 tous questions of our times, and in his Romanes 
 Lecture of 1902, on " The Relations of the 
 Advanced and the Backward Races of Man- 
 kind," he deals with it with statesmanlike 
 insight and humane sympathy. 
 
 There are, however, certain aspects of 
 modern world-consciousness which are more 
 germane to our subject than any which are 
 identified with either politics or commerce, 
 and which cannot be classed with schemes 
 of colonial expansion or military conquest. 
 I mean that perspective of the world outlook 
 which may be described as the growth of a 
 spirit of universal brotherhood, the increase 
 of a tendency to racial rapprochement, the 
 awakening of a sympathetic interest in the 
 social betterment of alien and distant peoples, 
 and the cultivation of friendly relations be- 
 tween nations, when there appears to be little 
 else than a common humanity to cement the 
 tie. We may include also the better mutual 
 understanding of races hardly acquainted 
 with each other a few generations ago, the 
 intellectual and scholarly rapport which has 
 resulted from research and intercourse, and 
 
22 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 the mutual enlightenment which has followed 
 upon travel and observation. Then, there 
 are the more or less official visits of high 
 functionaries, government commissions, or pri- 
 vate parties, arranged for the express purpose 
 of making a serious study of the institutions 
 and the social and industrial life of other 
 nations. These may all be considered as as- 
 pects of a world-consciousness which is 
 based, to a noticeable extent, upon the con- 
 viction that as nations and races we are 
 members one of another. The oneness of 
 Christians in Christ, and in each other as 
 members of Christ's body, while it is a su- 
 preme illustration of spiritual brotherhood, is 
 not after all the only example of the unity 
 which binds man to his brother man. The 
 unfoldings of modern history indicate with a 
 new and startling emphasis that we are 
 linked one to another, as men, as races, as 
 nations, as factors in the world's progress, as 
 workers together with God in the historic 
 development of human life and destiny, and 
 as members of one great human family. 
 We have approached now to that partic- 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 23 
 
 ular phase of world-consciousness which has 
 always been characteristic of Christianity, 
 but at the present time is rapidly assuming 
 a commanding and prominent place in the 
 spiritual economy of the world's higher life. 
 I mean that unique interest of the Christian 
 heart in the heart-life of man throughout the 
 earth, which we are accustomed to designate 
 by the general title of missions. It may be 
 further described as a desire to distribute 
 everywhere the universal blessings of the 
 Gospel of Christ, to impart to all races the 
 good news of that great and glad fact of the 
 Incarnation, to introduce Christ in the im- 
 manence of His marvellous indwelling into 
 the consciousness of universal humanity, to 
 minister in His name to the race — the whole 
 of it — which He came to save, to make the 
 love of God in Christ a part of the experience 
 of all the sinful and lapsed millions of man- 
 kind. Can we dream of anything nobler and 
 finer than this divine commission which our 
 Lord gave to His Church ? Is there any ex- 
 ploit of chivalry, any glory of military achieve- 
 ment, any attainment of scholarship, any 
 
24 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 service of culture, even any height or depth 
 of patriotic or humanitarian sacrifice, which 
 can compare in simple beauty, grandeur, and 
 worth with this superb ministry, in God's 
 name, and at Christ's command, to the soul 
 life of humanity? It is just this which is 
 back of the Incarnation ; it is just this which 
 is enfolded in the mystery of the Cross ; it 
 is our Lord's outstanding command at the 
 close of His earthly life ; it is destined to be 
 the crowning triumph of His eternal reign. 
 Earth and heaven wait for its consummation, 
 and long for the exultant joy of its achieve- 
 ment. 
 
 This world-consciousness has in some 
 measure taken possession of all alert and 
 earnest students of the religious progress of 
 the times. Those who expect to serve in the 
 ministry must have felt its power and in- 
 spiration ; those who may have already com- 
 mitted themselves to service in the foreign 
 field will find their minds and their hearts 
 adjusting themselves more and more to its 
 absorbing, yet happy, thraldom. Every 
 earnest worker for Christ in this luminous 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 25 
 
 age of the kingdom has, with more or less 
 distinctness, his vision of the world for which 
 Christ died, and hears the many-voiced call 
 of that great deep of humanity, whose rest- 
 less tumult awaits the calming voice of Him 
 who alone can say to its troubled moanings, 
 " Peace, be still." 
 
 We should never forget that this cos- 
 mopolitan spirit and purpose of the Gospel 
 — this vivid consciousness of a world mission 
 — has been bequeathed to us as a direct and 
 authorized inheritance from our Lord. It is 
 writ large in what we may count as His last 
 will and testament. He introduces it with a 
 solemn fervour, as if He had said : " In the 
 name of God, Amen ! Go ye into all the 
 world, and preach the Gospel to every 
 creature." Have we noted carefully how 
 fully this large-hearted interest in all man- 
 kind can be discovered in the aspirations and 
 aims of Christ's own life? When He min- 
 istered to that Roman centurion, and ex- 
 claimed : " I have not found so great faith, 
 no, not in Israel," He immediately added, as 
 if giving utterance to a gladdening and com- 
 
26 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 forting thought that suddenly took possession 
 of His mind, " and I say unto you, that many 
 shall come from the East and West, and shall 
 sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and 
 Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven." Upon 
 another occasion, the Greeks who " would 
 see Jesus" were no doubt kindly and gra- 
 ciously received, just as in after years He wel- 
 comed to the Christian fold, at the hands of 
 His disciples, " devout Greeks not a few." 
 
 Recall, moreover, His broad and untram- 
 melled commission to carry the Gospel to the 
 Gentiles: "For so hath the Lord com- 
 manded us," reports Paul, "saying, I have 
 set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that 
 thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends 
 of the earth." How explicit, how unmistak- 
 able, how characteristic of the mind of Christ ! 
 In that last tender prayer for His disciples, 
 recorded in the seventeenth chapter of John, 
 mingled with His affectionate remembrance 
 of those whom He loved then in the flesh, are 
 these significant petitions : " Neither pray I 
 for these alone, but for them also which shall 
 believe on Me through their word ; that they 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 27 
 
 all may be one ; as Thou, Father, art in Me, 
 and I in Thee, that they also may be one in 
 us : that the world may believe that Thou 
 hast sent Me." We seem to have fallen into 
 a complacent habit of applying to ourselves 
 these affectionate references to outside be- 
 lievers, or at least limiting them to Christen- 
 dom as we know it, as if we Gentiles who up 
 to our present year of grace have become 
 Christians are the legitimate heirs of the 
 promises to the Gentile world ; but could we 
 have searched the consciousness of Christ 
 when He spoke of " them also which shall 
 believe on Me," is it not more than likely 
 that we should have discovered that His 
 generous thought extended to all ages and 
 all races ? 
 
 This universal significance of the person- 
 ality and work of Christ may be properly 
 deduced also as a necessary inference from 
 the fact that, being a revelation of the Father, 
 He may therefore be regarded as represent- 
 ing in the range and intent of His service to 
 man the universal love and the impartial 
 sympathy and tenderness of Divine Father- 
 
28 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 hood. The full import and the inclusive 
 purpose of the Incarnation may thus be in- 
 terpreted in terms of a universal Fatherhood. 
 " He that hath seen Me hath seen the 
 Father," Christ declares, and we may not 
 hesitate, therefore, to read into our Lord's 
 attitude to the world the implications of a 
 heavenly Father's love for all His children. 
 We have, moreover, Christ's own interpreta- 
 tion of this thought, when He says, in His 
 Sermon on the Mount : " That ye may be 
 the children of your Father which is in 
 heaven : for He maketh His sun to rise on 
 the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on 
 the just and on the unjust." The very pur- 
 pose of Christ's coming was to fulfill the 
 ancient promise of God the Father, that in 
 Abraham " shall all families of the earth be 
 blessed." 
 
 We may note also another word of Christ, 
 which identifies the world-significance of His 
 mission not only with the divine Fatherhood 
 which He revealed, but with the Holy Spirit 
 whose coming He announced : " But ye 
 shall receive power," He said to His disciples 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 29 
 
 just before His ascension, "after that the 
 Holy Ghost is come upon you : and ye shall 
 be witnesses unto Me both in Jerusalem, and 
 in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the 
 uttermost part of the earth.' ' It was the 
 same Holy Ghost who said a little later, at 
 Antioch : "Separate Me Barnabas and Saul 
 for the work whereunto I have called them." 
 Is it not manifest that in Christ's magnificent 
 outlook over all ages and all races, " there is 
 neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond 
 nor free, there is neither male nor female : for 
 all are one in Christ Jesus " ? We find this 
 sympathetic and large-hearted attitude to- 
 ward all mankind further accentuated in that 
 favourite title, " the Son of Man," which He 
 seemed to love to apply to Himself. 
 
 Christ Himself has thus given the initial 
 impulse to universal Christian missions. 
 When the world knew nothing of any 
 imperial ideal which was not born of military 
 ambition, representing the lust of power, the 
 spoils of ruined nations, and the thraldom of 
 subject peoples, Christ was cherishing that 
 unique and marvellous conception of a 
 
30 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 universal empire of love, in which all men 
 were to be brothers, the imperial bond being 
 attachment to His own kingly personality, 
 and the supreme ideal of service being to link 
 all men to Him, that they might eventually 
 share with Him in the glory of a transformed 
 and godlike humanity. His ideal was cosmo- 
 politan ; His programme was coextensive with 
 the earth ; it included all races ; and the ex- 
 press purpose, for the fulfillment of which He 
 has promised, " Lo, I am with you alway," is 
 that the scattered nations and the wandering 
 tribes of men should be brought into oneness 
 in Him. 
 
 The thrill of that world-consciousness 
 lingered in the Church, and wrought with 
 power, until it brought the Roman Empire 
 under the sway of the Cross. In spite of the 
 fact that a world-embracing missionary pur- 
 pose failed to maintain its leadership, it has 
 never lost its hold upon hearts that were 
 linked by spiritual bonds to Christ. It 
 wrought in those early missions in the 
 British Isles, in the days of Columba, 
 Augustine, and Paulinus ; in medieval efforts 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 3 1 
 
 to convert pagan Europe, through the serv- 
 ices of Ulfilas, Severinus, Columbanus, 
 Willibrord, Boniface, Ansgar, and others; 
 and again, in the days of Cyril and Metho- 
 dius, among the Slavs. It was the inspira- 
 tion of St. Francis of Assisi, of Raymond 
 Lull, of Hans Egede, and of the heroic and 
 devout Moravians. Heurnius was in the 
 Dutch East Indies in the seventeenth cen- 
 tury ; Ziegenbalg, Plutschau, and Schwartz 
 were in India early in the eighteenth cen- 
 tury ; and we come at length, just as the 
 nineteenth century dawns, to that hero of 
 modern missions, William Carey. 
 
 It is interesting to read of that humble 
 cobbler's shop, immortalized now in the 
 history of missions, and of that rude map 
 of the world made by Carey's own hands, 
 and hung in full view of the industrious 
 workman, seated on his bench, at Moulton. 
 It is inspiring to think of those marvellous 
 dreams of Christian duty to the nations, as 
 he toiled on amid the throes of a deepening 
 world-consciousness, and of the convictions 
 he cherished concerning the debt of the 
 
32 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Church, and his own personal duty to the 
 unevangelized races. He seemed to realize 
 what many, even in our day, are slow to 
 recognize, that there is no great organized 
 movement in human history, and no relation- 
 ship of trust and responsibility, which has a 
 better right, or a more direct and supreme 
 authorization, to cherish a world ambition, 
 and plan for a world victory, than the Church 
 of Christ, the world's Redeemer. Carey's 
 busy hands were at that time still at work 
 on the rough shoes of a rustic community ; 
 yet, in the light of his subsequent life and 
 influence, can we not easily picture him as 
 even then shaping with noble earnestness of 
 thought and purpose the footwear of that 
 great army of missionaries, shod with the 
 " preparation of the Gospel of peace," who, 
 following his example, were to tread the 
 highways and byways of distant lands, on 
 their errands of enlightenment and love ? 
 
 The dimness of the world-consciousness of 
 some of the leading minds in the ministry of 
 that day was revealed in the reproach heaped 
 upon Carey, when he ventured to suggest as 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 33 
 
 a subject for discussion at a meeting of 
 clergymen held at Northampton, in 1786, 
 "whether," to quote his own words, "the 
 command given to the apostles to teach all 
 nations was not obligatory on all succeeding 
 ministers, to the end of the world, seeing 
 that the accompanying promise was of equal 
 extent." Listen now to the rebuke of the 
 Chairman, in reply to Carey's suggestion: 
 "You are a miserable enthusiast," he ex- 
 claimed, " for asking such a question. Cer- 
 tainly, nothing can be done before another 
 Pentecost, when an effusion of miraculous 
 gifts, including the gift of tongues, will give 
 effect to the commission of Christ, as at 
 first." Carey was chagrined, but was not 
 daunted, and by no means silenced. 
 
 It is right, however, that we should note 
 just here, while giving due honour to Carey, 
 that no such preeminence should be assigned 
 him in this matter as to regard his as the 
 solitary mind which had pondered this great 
 theme, and given expression to missionary 
 convictions in the centuries preceding the 
 nineteenth. The story of medieval missions, 
 
34 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 as we have seen, disproves this, and so also 
 does the undoubted missionary spirit notice- 
 able in the plans and hopes of many of those 
 who sailed westward to American shores in 
 our colonial days, and even still earlier in 
 the minds of some of the most distinguished 
 explorers in the preceding age of discovery. 
 The formation of the " Corporation for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel in New England," 
 in 1649, the "Society for Promoting Chris- 
 tian Knowledge," in 1698, the "Society for 
 the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts," in 1701, the "Danish-Halle Mission," 
 and the Moravian awakening, in the early 
 part of the eighteenth century, of which we 
 have already spoken, all furnish evidence of 
 a living missionary purpose in many hearts. 
 
 To Carey, however, belongs the distinc- 
 tion of enlisting, in the face of many discour- 
 agements, the sympathy and cooperation of 
 his Baptist brethren in organizing the first 
 of the great English societies for the explicit 
 purpose of propagating the Gospel among 
 the heathen. He was an example of Chris- 
 tian world-consciousness when there were few 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 35 
 
 indeed who cherished generous convictions 
 of evangelistic duty to the race. His stirring 
 watchword, " Expect great things from God ; 
 attempt great things for God," was uttered 
 first in the sermon he preached at Notting- 
 ham, in May, 1792, and was acted upon in 
 the formation of the Baptist Missionary 
 Society at Kettering, on October 2d, of the 
 same year. The organization of the London 
 Missionary Society quickly followed, in 1795, 
 of the Missionary Societies of Edinburgh and 
 Glasgow, in 1796, of the Church Missionary 
 Society, in 1799, of the British and Foreign 
 Bible Society, in 1804, and of the Wesleyan 
 Methodist Society, in 18 13, although the 
 Wesleyans had long been engaged in mis- 
 sion work before their formal organization. 
 Our American Board of Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions was founded in 18 10, and 
 we shall soon celebrate its centennial. 
 
 The close of the eighteenth, and the begin- 
 ning of the nineteenth centuries, represent an 
 era of struggling world-consciousness in the 
 Christian churches, which may be counted a 
 worthy historic supplement to the Day of 
 
36 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Pentecost. It was a dim and far-off echo of 
 that Macedonian call which summoned Paul 
 into Europe, and it has proved an epoch- 
 making experience in the history of Christ's 
 universal kingdom. The movement has gath- 
 ered headway slowly, amid timid, apathetic, 
 and curiously perverse hindrances, but it 
 has moved on with unflinching persistency, 
 prayerful constancy, and staunch loyalty, 
 until it may fairly be said to have won over 
 the nineteenth century, and to have entered 
 the twentieth with cheering prospects of 
 steady advance. The prayers and songs of 
 its friends and converts now follow the sun- 
 rise round the earth every day of the year. 
 There was an average of at least 2,600 com- 
 municants admitted to Christian churches in 
 mission fields every Sunday of last year. 
 We could have taken possession of one of 
 our large church edifices, and packed it to 
 the doors morning and afternoon every Sab- 
 bath for the past twelve months with a fresh 
 throng of communicants at each service, 
 claiming their places for the first time at the 
 Lord's Table. If you could have slipped 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 37 
 
 into some quiet seat in the gallery at any one 
 of those services, and gazed upon that hushed 
 and reverent assembly, strangely varied in 
 colour and garb, but one in hope and tender 
 love to your Saviour and mine, would you 
 not have found your heart in thrilling sym- 
 pathy with Christ's joy, and cheered with 
 glad assurances of His victory ? Would it 
 be easy, do you think, for the next globe- 
 trotting man-of-the-world to paralyze your 
 faith in missions, and convince you that he 
 was a walking oracle concerning something 
 about which he knows practically nothing ? 
 
 One of the things in which our young 
 century takes particular pride is that it is 
 up to date ; it would be horrified to be found 
 behind the times ; it is very much offended 
 if it is pronounced slow. We speak with 
 fine scorn of a dead medievalism, and con- 
 trast its musty dullness with the refreshing 
 novelty of modern conditions. This is often 
 much emphasized, and in many respects 
 justly so, as an offset to the extremes of 
 scholastic dogmatism, as a caviat against the 
 vagaries of fantastic tradition, and as a be- 
 
38 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 coming attitude of receptivity toward the 
 now illuminated realm of scientific research. 
 The world in a thousand ways has moved 
 leagues onward out of medievalism ; but 
 there is one aspect of happy discovery and 
 alert appreciation of the signs of our times 
 concerning which the movement has not 
 kept pace with the advance in other direc- 
 tions. It is hard even now to kindle a sus- 
 tained enthusiasm on the subject of missions. 
 The new knowledge in every other depart- 
 ment seems to grow apace, to receive a 
 hospitable welcome, and often to attain a 
 dominant influence in its own special sphere, 
 while the interests of the kingdom at large 
 are looked upon by many as a negligible 
 quantity. It is seemingly not so much the 
 duty of the up-to-date scholar to know the 
 present outlook in missions as it is to know 
 the latest developments in theology, in criti- 
 cism, in science, or in social theories. The 
 otherwise alert and well-informed student 
 may entertain very inept and inexact views 
 on the subject of mission duty and progress, 
 and yet be highly esteemed in educated lay 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 39 
 
 society for scholarship and intelligent mo- 
 dernity, and be counted as only very mildly 
 aberrant and retrograde in the clerical ranks. 
 We must not, however, allow ourselves to 
 become pessimistic ; there are aspects of the 
 missionary enterprise in our day which are as 
 cheering as they are notable. Its friends 
 throughout the Church are more intensely 
 loyal than ever ; they are constancy itself, 
 devoted, unwavering, responsive to Christ's 
 command, loving His leadership, and joy- 
 ously consecrating themselves to His service, 
 in the hope of contributing to the extension 
 of His kingdom. I doubt if there is any 
 firmer or more tender bond between Christ 
 and human hearts than that mystic sympathy 
 which exists between our Lord and His faith- 
 ful helpers in winning the world to Himself. 
 No one, unless he be historically blind and 
 coldly ungrateful, can fail to appreciate the 
 service rendered during the past century by 
 the loyal friends of missions in so cheerfully 
 supporting the cause during its sluggish and 
 unfruitful pioneer years. They have led the 
 Church on with a devotion and liberality 
 
40 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 which have been undaunted by difficulties, 
 and unwearied by halting and disappointing 
 progress. We have come to these golden 
 years of opportunity as the result of their 
 fidelity. Their patient prayers, their unfalter- 
 ing faith, and their unfailing gifts, have 
 made our present outlook, and our present 
 privileges possible. Let us give them all 
 honour as the founders and patrons of a new 
 era in the history of the Church, and as 
 worthy labourers together with God in the 
 general progress of enlightenment and civili- 
 zation in the world. 
 
 It is our privilege at the present moment 
 to note the signs of a rising tide of world- 
 consciousness which is flooding young hearts 
 throughout the Church with a fresh enthusi- 
 asm for universal missions. Is it not true 
 that no great vitalizing and inspiriting force 
 in the religious life of Christendom can be or- 
 ganized in our time without instinctively ex- 
 panding itself into world-wide activities ? 
 The Young Men's Christian Association has 
 entered the foreign field with enthusiasm and 
 marvellous efficiency ; the Young Women's 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 41 
 
 Christian Association is responding with in- 
 tense and beautiful devotion to this call of 
 distant need. The World's Student Chris- 
 tian Federation may almost be regarded as a 
 foregleam of the " Parliament of Men." It 
 has recently (April, 1907) met for its biennial 
 conference at Tokyo— the first international 
 gathering ever held in the Far East. The 
 Student Volunteer Movement was organized 
 for the express purpose of enlisting recruits 
 for missionary work in every corner of the 
 planet. The Young People's Society of 
 Christian Endeavour has its banners in- 
 scribed in every great language of the earth ; 
 and we may say substantially the same thing 
 of the Epworth League, the Luther League, 
 the Baptist Young People's Union (at least in 
 its special courses of mission study), and all 
 the various brotherhoods, orders, seminary 
 alliances, and children's unions. The Sun- 
 day-school also is rallying to the missionary 
 call. At the recent convention in Rome the 
 duty and privilege of universal missions be- 
 came a note of power. The watchword of 
 the whole gathering in its attitude to 
 
42 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 the kingdom seemed to be, " Regions Be- 
 yond." 
 
 Our universities, as Yale, Harvard, and 
 Princeton, are identifying themselves with 
 some specialized form of service in mission 
 lands. The Young People's Missionary 
 Movement, in which various denominations 
 cooperate, is interesting many thousands of 
 the young, and also of the old, in a compre- 
 hensive study of foreign fields. Its confer- 
 ences, its Mission Study Classes, and its 
 carefully prepared text-books, chiefly on 
 foreign missions, are useful accessories to the 
 cause. The Laymen's Missionary Move- 
 ment, recently organized, while not confined 
 to the younger element, is alert with the 
 vigour of youth, and is significant as repre- 
 senting a desire on the part of the lay mem- 
 bership of the Church to participate more in- 
 telligently and helpfully in an interdenomina- 
 tional support of foreign missions. The 
 Foreign Missionary Convention for Men, 
 held at Omaha, Nebraska, under Presby- 
 terian auspices, in February, 1907, was char- 
 acterized by a spirit which promises a new 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 43 
 
 era in missions. A like enthusiasm was 
 manifested in the Protestant Episcopal Con- 
 vention held at Richmond in October, 1907, 
 and especially in the remarkable Men's For- 
 eign Missionary Convention, under the aus- 
 pices of the Presbyterian Board, held at Phil- 
 adelphia in February, 1908. The various 
 Mission Study Classes for the young (a new 
 and surprisingly successful effort to awaken 
 interest in the foreign work) seem to be de- 
 vouring mission literature with astonishing 
 avidity ; while every summer brings an en- 
 larged list of schools and conferences for 
 mission study, scattered over this country 
 and Great Britain. That unreality which has 
 so long shadowed and hampered missions in 
 the minds of many good people is coming to 
 an end. To the finer Christian consciousness 
 of our times, missions, both at home and 
 abroad, are becoming more and more the real 
 thing in the religious history and prospects 
 of the world. 
 
 The fact is that the young, alert, impres- 
 sionable element in the religious life of our 
 day cannot be kept out of the world arena. 
 
44 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 There is something inspiring and fascinating 
 in this all-round-the-earth campaign for the 
 Master which captivates the imagination of 
 young enthusiasts. Long ago the Bible and 
 Tract Societies were busy in the many 
 strange languages through which we have 
 access to the minds and hearts of men ; and 
 then the vast missionary enterprises of the 
 Church, what a story of consecration they 
 represent during all the past century ! How 
 they have gained in momentum, power, 
 extent, and victorious advance, until the 
 brightest and most triumphant annals of 
 Christianity in our present time are written 
 in foreign missionary achievements! The 
 Church has been slow to recognize this ; it 
 has seemed incredible that Christianity is 
 being vindicated and honoured by its progress 
 in mission fields even more than by its ad- 
 vances in Christendom. I believe that I am 
 quite within the bounds of truth in saying 
 this. Each ordained foreign missionary 
 of the northern branch of our American 
 Presbyterian Church had an accession of 
 thirty-four communicants opposite his name, 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 45 
 
 in 1906, while each minister in the home 
 field of the same Church had ten. A church 
 life which honours foreign missions and re- 
 fuses to be self-centred, has been demon- 
 strated by experience to be the safest, sound- 
 est, most wholly loyal, and most richly 
 self-rewarding policy which a Christian 
 congregation can adopt. Local interests, 
 however pressing and exacting, will never be 
 neglected by Christians who love the uni- 
 versal kingdom of Christ. 
 
 A further interesting feature of this new 
 world-consciousness of which we are speak- 
 ing is the changed estimate which the Church 
 is making of the value of Christian fellow- 
 ship with alien races. There was a time, 
 not so very long ago, when the sentiment of 
 pity was in the forefront as a very prominent 
 feature of the motive which inspired mis- 
 sions. The missionary appeal was largely 
 emotional, laying much stress upon the duty 
 of compassionate ministry to a suffering and 
 doomed world. Missionary service was re- 
 garded as a kind of slum work among 
 sunken, degraded, and altogether degene- 
 
46 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 rate races. We would not say one word to 
 disparage the influence of compassionate 
 sympathy as a helpful stimulus to missionary 
 zeal, nor would we question the dire need of 
 non-Christian races for the Gospel of Christ, 
 but we would call attention to the fact that 
 missions are no longer merely a helping 
 hand held out to save sinking races, who were 
 regarded as of doubtful value even when 
 pulled out of the depths of their decadence. 
 A new appreciation of the value of these neg- 
 lected nations is taking possession of the 
 Church. A more intelligent judgment has 
 been formed of their capabilities, their 
 powers, their capacity to aid and cooperate 
 in the upbuilding of Christ's kingdom. They 
 are beginning to be appreciated for what 
 they are in themselves, and for what they may 
 become, as fellow-labourers in the kingdom of 
 God. The contribution they may make to 
 the vitality, the resourcefulness, the spiritual 
 charm, and the courageous loyalty, of the 
 Church is more fully and gladly recognized 
 than ever before. " It is impossible," writes 
 Professor Gwatkin, " that- the new-born 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS. 47 
 
 energy of Japan should never have anything 
 better to teach us than the mere craft of war. 
 The ancient wisdom of India may well have 
 a new career before it. . . . More than 
 this, I can well believe that some of the 
 noblest work of a not distant future may 
 come from peoples on whose ancestors we 
 ourselves look down as proudly as of old 
 imperial Rome looked down upon our own." 
 Who would have thought a generation ago 
 that England would ever seek an alliance 
 with Japan? Who can measure now" the 
 immense increment of vigoufand hopefulness 
 which Christianity would derive from an 
 alliance with the great nations of the East, 
 when they shall become loyal to Christ, and 
 consecrated to the extension of His kingdom ? 
 The subject is one of such present-day 
 interest that a recent extended volume, en- 
 titled, " Mankind and the Church," makes a 
 formal attempt to estimate the potential con- 
 tribution of some of the great non-Christian 
 races to the fullness of the Church of God, 
 when they shall have been brought into the 
 kingdom. 
 
48 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 There is still another aspect of modern 
 missions which, though it can hardly be 
 classed under world-consciousness, is never- 
 theless surely akin to it in the sphere of 
 church life and ecclesiastical progress. We 
 refer to the interdenominational conscious- 
 ness which has sprung up in missionary 
 circles abroad, and has no doubt quickened 
 and encouraged the plans for federation and 
 the movements for practical cooperation 
 among the Churches of Christendom. Very 
 manifest progress in the direction of church 
 unity is involved in the recent successful 
 Conference on Church Federation and Inter- 
 denominational Cooperation. This has re- 
 sulted, as we all know, in the organization 
 of a permanent representative committee, 
 with instructions to plan for further advances 
 in the cultivation of a deeper consciousness 
 of brotherhood. The missionary in the 
 foreign field has confessedly set the pace in 
 this new and happy rapprochement in 
 church fellowship at home. There is some- 
 thing cosmopolitan, large, and fine, after the 
 pattern of the one eternal kingdom, in this 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 49 
 
 union of hearts, this simplification of aims, 
 this conservation of forces, this concentration 
 of power, which are represented in the 
 federation movement. If we are all, speak- 
 ing with the reverent boldness of Paul, 
 " workers together with God," why can we 
 not be partners with each other in a sym- 
 pathetic, harmonious, cooperative, and mu- 
 tually helpful service for the glory of His 
 kingdom, and the good of our fellow men ? 
 The recent Centennial Conference at Shang- 
 hai was marked by a remarkable exhibition 
 of the strength and depth of that spirit of 
 unity which is beginning to dominate mis- 
 sionary hearts, and large plans were made 
 for practical cooperation and future harmony 
 in the organized development of a Chris- 
 tian Church in China. There is surely what 
 we might call a new ecclesiastical conscious- 
 ness both at home and abroad, in this grow- 
 ing spirit of fraternization and coordination 
 of service. We shall have something more 
 to say on this special aspect of our subject 
 in another lecture, so we will not deal with 
 it at any length here. 
 
50 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 What is needed in the Church at home in 
 our present generation is a large apprehen- 
 sion of the unprovincial, world-comprehend- 
 ing, race-inclusive character of the kingdom 
 of the Son of Man. The great missionaries 
 of the Church have ever been moved by pro- 
 found recognition of the world-conquering 
 destiny of the Gospel, and so the missionary 
 Church of the present must cultivate and 
 cherish with devout enthusiasm a sym- 
 pathetic understanding of that all-generous 
 impulse which dominates the mind of the 
 world-conscious Christ. Paul was ever 
 dreaming and planning an extended, and 
 yet more extended programme on behalf of 
 Christ's kingdom ; so the missionary Church 
 of this unrivalled age of opportunity should 
 be casting out its lines, making and extend- 
 ing its itineraries, and, in the person of its 
 missionary representatives, taking its pas- 
 sage to the uttermost parts of the earth. A 
 church, even a single individual church, 
 which in our day is content to delimit its 
 frontiers, confine its sympathies, and narrow 
 its life, to its local environment, may per- 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 51 
 
 haps, if it long survives, be a useful provin- 
 cial instrument, but it is sure to lose its place 
 of honour in the history of the larger life and 
 the imperial advances of the eternal king- 
 dom. If a church desires a grateful recogni- 
 tion in the consciousness of our Lord, and 
 an honourable place among present-day in- 
 strumentalities for the spread of the king- 
 dom, it must at least consecrate a measure 
 of its sympathy, its liberality, and its prayer, 
 to the furthering of the world purposes of 
 the Redeemer. 
 
 Where is the true man's fatherland ? 
 
 Is it where he by chance is born ? 
 
 Doth not the yearning spirit scorn 
 In such scant borders to be spanned ? 
 
 O yes ! his fatherland mustjbe 
 
 As the blue heaven wide and free ! 
 
 Where'er a human heart doth wear 
 
 Joy's myrtle-wreath or sorrow's gyves, 
 
 Where'er a human spirit strives 
 After a life more true and fair, 
 
 There is the true man's birthplace grand, 
 
 His is a world-wide fatherland ! 
 
 Where'er a single slave doth pine, 
 
 Where'er one man may help another, — 
 Thank God for such a birthright, brother, — 
 
52 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 That spot of earth is thine and mine ! 
 There is the true man's birthplace grand, 
 His is a world-wide fatherland ! 
 
 Politically it is difficult for Christendom to 
 adjust itself to the world point of view, for we 
 belong to different and scattered nations, and 
 there is no universal State ; it hardly exists 
 even as a political ideal. There is some- 
 thing almost eccentric in any one declaring 
 himself a citizen of the world, and priding 
 himself on the dignity of belonging to the 
 planet. Religiously, however, it should not 
 be a strange and forced attitude to regard 
 ourselves as disciples of a world religion, 
 subjects of a universal kingdom, citizens of a 
 spiritual commonwealth, without material 
 boundaries or racial limitation. Our religion 
 is intended to be universal ; it is given to all 
 humanity, and its purpose, its destiny, is to 
 draw all men into unity of faith. The heaven 
 where we expect to spend our eternity is a 
 place of many mansions, and a haven of 
 many souls. World-consciousness is natural 
 to the Christian. Are we right, it might be 
 asked, in calling this a new world-conscious- 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 53 
 
 ness in the experience of the Church ? No, 
 it is not new if we consult the mind of Christ, 
 and search the deeper significance of all the 
 prophetic interpretations of what the king- 
 dom stands for. In every age, too, there 
 have been leaders, and men of spiritual in- 
 sight, who have cherished the ideal of a re- 
 deemed race, and toiled for the upbuilding 
 of a universal kingdom. It is new rather in 
 the reach and power of its present sway over 
 Christian hearts, in the recognition it is 
 claiming, in the facilities it can command, in 
 the programme it outlines, in the prominence 
 assigned to it in the thought of the Church, 
 and in the shaping of practical plans for 
 growth and expansion. 
 
 The time has come when the humblest 
 disciple of the Church, the smallest giver to 
 mission funds, the most obscure member of 
 Christ's body, as well as those who occupy 
 responsible positions, and give out of abun- 
 dant means for the furtherance of the cause, 
 have all open before them, if they will, the 
 pages of the world-wide record of mission 
 progress. Into the most modest and shrink- 
 
54 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 ing soul among Christ's people, in the quiet 
 hours given to the perusal of some bright 
 and interesting missionary magazine (and 
 there are many such at the present time), or 
 the study of some favourite missionary 
 biography, or stirring story of heroism and 
 unselfish toil, there can come a consciousness 
 of the world's need, a knowledge of mission 
 progress among the nations, and a devout 
 and sympathetic prayerfulness for the world's 
 redemption, which it was hardly possible to 
 attain until within recent decades. Into 
 many lives not favoured with the privilege 
 of higher education has been introduced an 
 element of culture, an experience of soul ex- 
 pansion, through an awakened interest in 
 world missions. Here is the opening, we 
 may say, of a new era of world-conscious- 
 ness, which spreads ennobling and broaden- 
 ing themes before the minds and the hearts 
 of the entire membership of our Christian 
 Church, if they will but turn their attention 
 to the fascinating story it unfolds. 
 
 It is not difficult for us to recognize the 
 fact that the United States at present has a 
 
A NEW WORLD-CONSCIOUSNESS 55 
 
 new and vivid consciousness, politically and 
 commercially, of the existence of Japan, and 
 so all Christendom has awakened to a new 
 relationship not only to Japan, but to China, 
 to India, in fact, to all Asia and Africa. 
 Nations are realizing as never before the re- 
 sponsibilities of empire. Christian England 
 is becoming more conscious than ever of the 
 growing urgency of her religious duty to the 
 hundreds of millions within the boundaries 
 of the Greater Britain. A little volume re- 
 cently published, entitled, " Church and Em- 
 pire," is all aglow with the imperial call to 
 the Church of England to dedicate herself 
 anew to a strenuous service beyond the seas. 
 A similar spirit is surely beginning to inspire 
 the larger Christendom, awakening in all our 
 churches a new consciousness of nations and 
 races ready for the touch of the universal 
 Gospel, responsive to the call which summons 
 them to a nobler career, and beginning, 
 dimly perhaps, to discover a new vision of 
 destiny. The Church is lifting up her eyes 
 and making a fresh discovery of the fact that 
 world-fields are already " white to the harvest." 
 
56 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 It seems to be a time when those who are, 
 or those who intend to be the pastors and 
 spiritual teachers of souls should covet the 
 inspiration and cheer of a full knowledge of 
 God's wonderful workings in the world, and 
 open their hearts to the comfort and strength 
 which familiarity with missionary advances 
 will give. Let us all cultivate the historic 
 spirit, keep in close touch with the large heart 
 of Christ, and the majestic plans He cher- 
 ishes. Let us receive into hospitable minds 
 and welcome with responsive feelings, the 
 tidings which greet us on every hand of the 
 progress of Christ's kingdom in the world. 
 It will cheer our hearts, and give us an unfal- 
 tering courage in the midst of perplexing 
 difficulties and arduous toils, to maintain an 
 intelligent and ever deepening interest in the 
 larger vision of the kingdom, and an ever 
 growing consciousness of the certainty of its 
 coming victory. 
 
LECTURE II 
 
 STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF 
 THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK 
 
" The world generally seems a long way from conversion — 
 thus it appears to the carnal eye ; and yet the heathen nations 
 everywhere are white breadths ready for the sickle. The Jews 
 thought the Samaritans very unripe, and yet Christ showed how 
 ready they were for the richest blessing, and we see the same in 
 the Acts of the Apostles. The Samaritan woman represents sus- 
 ceptible heathendom ; and her nation itself was typical of the 
 great pagan nations of to-day. The Samaritans had their tem- 
 ples, festivals, scriptures, as India and China have to-day — a 
 strange jumble of truth and error, spirituality and necromancy, 
 was their religion, as is the current religion of the Chinese, 
 Japanese, and Hindu. And yet He who knew what was in 
 man, to whom all hearts are open, saw these Samaritans bend- 
 ing like bearded grain for the harvester. 
 
 The world waits for the Church to go in and gather the living 
 corn. Do you ask where is the sowing ? It is done. The 
 New Testament represents the Church as a reaper, not as a 
 sower; Christ is the Sower. He moves in His Spirit among 
 the million, scattering living germs in the red furrows of human 
 hearts, and the Church is to follow, reaping where it has not 
 sown, gathering where it has not strawed. Do you ask where 
 the ripening forces are ? They have done their work already. 
 The sun acts where it does not shine. The roots of trees are 
 vitalized by the sunshine, although they are not bathed in it ! 
 So, in the kingdom of souls, the Light of the World acts where 
 He does not manifestly shine. We are not waiting for God ; 
 God is waiting for us, and the harvest is spoiling through our 
 sloth and unbelief."— JF. L. Watkinson, D. D. t LL. D. 
 
LECTURE II 
 
 STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF THE 
 MISSIONARY OUTLOOK 
 
 THAT these times in which we live are 
 making history of extraordinary in- 
 terest and large constructive portent 
 is a statement which few would be inclined 
 to question. We are living under the pres- 
 sure of great responsibilities, in the presence 
 of serious problems, and with mighty issues 
 hanging upon the decisions we make, and the 
 action we take. It is an era of rapid prog- 
 ress and swift changes in almost every de- 
 partment of the world's activities. The alert- 
 ness of the times is wonderful. Statesman- 
 ship feels the tension and strain of its duties, 
 and keeps closely in touch with changing 
 world conditions ; the intellectual life of our 
 age is keenly responsive to the new light 
 which is illuminating the scientific, artistic, 
 59 
 
60 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 and cultural progress of our day ; the inven- 
 tive genius of our age is giving itself with 
 unwearied diligence to the study of the secret 
 forces of nature, and not even the faintest 
 gleams of light are regarded with indifference, 
 or allowed to pass without searching scrutiny. 
 The signs of the times in all departments of 
 knowledge, in every realm of practical en- 
 deavour, and in every sphere of commercial 
 and industrial activity are closely inspected 
 and carefully analyzed by those who are 
 watchful for opportunity, and ambitious for 
 success. Much more might be said of this 
 general tenor concerning the growing in- 
 tensity of life, and the broadening interests 
 of culture and intellectual application in this 
 our day. 
 
 In connection with the subject we have 
 in hand — the new outlook in missions — a 
 very pertinent question suggests itself, as to 
 whether we are giving due attention to the 
 signs of God's mighty activities in this sphere 
 of effort, and are seeking diligently to realize 
 the significance of the contemporary annals 
 of the kingdom. Are we not, as children of 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 6l 
 
 the kingdom, as stewards of divine grace, 
 workmen whose duty it is to handle those 
 mighty spiritual forces which have guided 
 and glorified the higher life of the race, 
 bound to study the signs of the times, and 
 in our own realm of service to show the same 
 alertness and intelligent use of opportunity 
 which characterize the statesman, the soldier, 
 the merchant, the scientist, the student, and, 
 in fact, every keen expert of our day ? Let 
 us by no means ignore the fact that we are 
 undoubtedly face to face at the present time 
 with an outlook in mission fields which has 
 never been surpassed in its optimistic signifi- 
 cance. It is quite within the bounds of truth, 
 I think, to say that the kingdom of God is 
 in action throughout the earth to-day to an 
 extent rarely, if ever, exceeded in its mystic 
 energies and its many-sided contact with 
 humanity, 
 
 I am well aware that there are many diffi- 
 culties and hindrances which handicap mis- 
 sions among alien peoples. I have not the 
 time, however, to dwell upon this aspect of 
 the subject. We will take it for granted that 
 
62 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 many embarrassing obstacles and much fa- 
 natical opposition must be met. We will 
 bear in mind at the same time that what may 
 truly be said of progress and encouragement 
 is all the more cheering and significant, be- 
 cause it represents success in the face of 
 grave difficulties. It stands for victory over 
 alert and determined opposition on the part 
 of ignorant and unregenerate man, as well as 
 vigilant hostility on the part of the powers of 
 darkness. 
 
 Let us ask what is there which would now 
 fix our attention could we have a vision of 
 the kingdom of Christ in its progress among 
 the non-Christian nations of the earth ? The 
 scene is surely one of exceptional interest ; 
 the outlook is alive with mighty move- 
 ments ; centenary and bi-centenary celebra- 
 tions, marked by joyous enthusiasm, are in 
 the foreground. It was in 1706 that the 
 Danish missionaries, Ziegenbalg and Pliits- 
 chau, landed in India, where the bi-centenary 
 of this event has recently (1906) been cele- 
 brated. We are living in an era of mis- 
 sionary centennials. We have had several 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 63 
 
 already to commemorate the founding of the 
 great British societies, and now we are be- 
 ginning to hold these centenary festivals in 
 our own country. The echoes of the Hay- 
 stack celebration are still lingering in our 
 ears, and before us, in 19 10, is the one hun- 
 dredth anniversary of the founding of the 
 American Board. Over in China there has 
 been held at Shanghai (1907) the Centenary 
 Conference commemorative of the arrival of 
 Morrison, the first missionary of the modern 
 era to China, who landed there in 1807. It 
 was indeed a strategic church council, deal- 
 ing with the spiritual welfare of a constitu- 
 ency of possibly four hundred million souls. 
 These centennial festivals are also beginning 
 to be kept under local auspices in our foreign 
 fields, as recently at Nagercoil, in South 
 India, where the London Mission has com- 
 memorated the beginning of its work in that 
 region. Amid the darkness, ignorance, and 
 deep degradation of that section of India the 
 Mission has been at work for a hundred 
 years, and behold a despised pariah com- 
 munity uplifted, transformed, and in large 
 
64 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 measure delivered from the humiliation and 
 suffering of their lot, with over 350 churches, 
 attended by over 71,000 worshippers, and 
 with educational facilities which would be a 
 blessing to any people 1 
 
 Turning to the more general outlook, we 
 can hardly realize to what an extent, in 
 numerous and varied lines of progress, ours 
 is an age of great and momentous activities. 
 We find this to be true in national and inter- 
 national affairs, in politics, commerce, discov- 
 eries and inventions, improved facilities, in- 
 dustrial progress, philanthropic projects, re- 
 form movements, military and naval arma- 
 ments, and, at the same time, influential 
 movements in the interests of universal 
 peace. The world seems to be tremulous 
 with excitement, and tumultuous with change. 
 
 In the midst of it all, despite the signs of 
 unrest and the measure of unreality which 
 characterize much of the religious life of our 
 day, I cannot but believe that in the hearts 
 and lives of many dear disciples of Christ 
 may be found a depth of earnestness, a 
 wealth of liberality, and an outlay of practical 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 65 
 
 activity, which form a quite sufficient answer 
 to the pessimistic complaint that the Chris- 
 tianity of our time is either tainted or de- 
 generate. On the contrary, I believe that 
 the recognition of an altruistic obligation, 
 the duty of stewardship broadly and gener- 
 ously interpreted, is an outstanding char- 
 acteristic of the loyal church life of to-day, 
 as well as a marked feature of the spirit 
 of the age. This recognition of a duty to 
 the world, as one of the noblest as well as 
 the most urgent obligations of the religious 
 life, especially where sin and suffering call 
 for the ministry of love and pity, is not only 
 a ruling motive in the activities of the Church, 
 but it is winning its way to a commanding 
 influence in our secular life. That we owe 
 much to alien and backward races, in the 
 spirit of human brotherhood, and in the 
 discharge of altruistic claims, is a conviction 
 which is slowly dominating the imperial 
 policy of nations. It can be detected even 
 in international diplomacy ; it may be dis- 
 covered in the growing sense of fraternity 
 between races and nations which a half 
 
66 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 century or more ago were looked upon as 
 having hardly anything in common. It 
 inspires private beneficence, and it even 
 dictates State papers, as when a famine in 
 China makes its mute appeal for aid, or 
 Congo atrocities call loudly for international 
 intervention. Then, as regards the religious 
 activities of our times, are they not altruistic 
 to an unprecedented extent, not simply as 
 regards home responsibilities, and the press- 
 ing demands of the great needs of our im- 
 mediate environment, but in their readiness 
 to respond to the call of the world for re- 
 ligious light and guidance, and helpful 
 ministry ? 
 
 It is not too much to claim, moreover, that 
 the great and resistless Christian apologetic 
 of our day is missions. I do not refer 
 simply to the evidence which is based upon 
 success in the foreign fields, although that 
 alone would seem to be sufficient, but I 
 mean to include the determined and un- 
 wavering loyalty of the Christian Church at 
 home to the missionary aim of Christianity. 
 So long as Christian people here and through- 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 67 
 
 out Christendom are responsive to this 
 world-wide duty to the extent which marks 
 the religious spirit of the times, and so long 
 as the success in mission fields is what it is, 
 we may go quietly and patiently on our 
 way, with a song of gratitude in our hearts, 
 and an assurance of triumph in our souls. 
 Christianity is safe ; God is breaking a new 
 seal of evidence, which will comfort and 
 support His people, and which will convince 
 the age. Is it not clear that if we were 
 thoroughly loyal, and ready to put forth the 
 power which is lodged in the Church as a 
 whole, we might achieve results, and gain 
 victories, the significance of which it would 
 be impossible to ignore ? 
 
 Have you noticed, let me ask, the remark- 
 able change in the tone of the secular press 
 of this country, as well as in that of Great 
 Britain, during the last ten years, in its 
 favourable references to the missionary 
 enterprise, and to the missionary himself? 
 Read the article on missions in China, by the 
 Hon. Chester Holcombe, in the Atlantic 
 Monthly for September, 1906; read Dr. 
 
68 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Barton's article in the North American Re- 
 view for October 19th of the same year, 
 and the editorial comments upon it in the 
 same number. The Daily Mail of London 
 has recently published an article entitled, 
 " The Great Missionary Question," by its 
 special correspondent in the East, Mr. F. A. 
 McKenzie, in which he calls the missionary 
 movement in China to-day, to quote his own 
 words : " One of the most splendid exhibi- 
 tions of Anglo-Saxon altruism the world has 
 ever seen." Another article by the same 
 writer, in the issue of the Sunday Strand for 
 February, 1907, is a vigorous and discrimi- 
 nating endorsement of missions in the Far 
 East. You are no doubt aware of the fact 
 that a newspaper syndicate sent a special 
 correspondent, Mr. William T. Ellis, around 
 the world to investigate missions, and write 
 for publication in various journals an abso- 
 lutely impartial and dispassionate report of 
 his inspection of what one newspaper calls, 
 " the biggest American enterprise abroad." 
 In his first article, which appeared in the 
 New York Tribune, as well as in numerous 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 69 
 
 other journals, Mr. Ellis writes : "I am on 
 the trail of the American missionary. His 
 footprints are large and deep and many, 
 and I shall certainly come up with him. 
 Then we shall know what sort of an indi- 
 vidual he is ; whether a haloed saint, as the 
 religious papers represent, or a double-dyed 
 knave, as many other papers and people 
 assert, or a plain, every-day American, trying 
 to do an extraordinary job to the best of his 
 ability." Mr. Ellis has since returned, hav- 
 ing written many letters which refer in terms 
 of admiration to the missionary and his work. 
 It is easy to read between the lines of his 
 communications, and discover the impression 
 which missions have made upon this ob- 
 servant journalist, who sailed away with a 
 syndicate commission in his pocket, under 
 orders to write the unvarnished truth about 
 the missionary business. His able addresses 
 since his return express a conviction, based 
 upon personal investigation, that missions 
 have a unique value to the world, and are an 
 efficient agency for promoting the all-round 
 betterment of mankind. A discriminating 
 
yo THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 reader can hardly fail to note that the secular 
 press of our day, if we are to believe evidence 
 which is appearing on every side, is fast be- 
 coming the friend and supporter of the mis- 
 sionary enterprise. We might name prom- 
 inent papers in different sections of our coun- 
 try, and in Great Britain, which could be cited 
 as illustrating this changed point of view, in 
 some instances to a surprising as well as 
 gratifying extent. To be sure, the educa- 
 tional and philanthropic side of missions is 
 emphasized and especially commended, but 
 the moral and reformatory influence is no 
 longer disparaged, and may we not hope 
 that the religious benefits will also be rec- 
 ognized and approved? In fact, I believe 
 that the mighty power of the press in Chris- 
 tendom will eventually be largely won over 
 to the support of missions, and will become a 
 valued helper in the great cause. The crit- 
 ical or disparaging animus observable in the 
 past was no doubt due in part to lack of in- 
 formation, for which the keen scent for news 
 when once it discovered the trail of the mission- 
 ary has happily supplied a sufficient remedy. 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 7 1 
 
 Have you read also the cumulative testi- 
 monies favourable to missions from men in 
 high stations throughout the world — men of 
 character, dignity, intelligence, and official 
 position, having full opportunity to speak as 
 first-hand observers ? I shall refer again to 
 these witnesses in another lecture. We may 
 note here that Mr. Wm. J. Bryan and Sec- 
 retary Taft, returning from journeys round 
 the world, speak with frank enthusiasm of 
 the service missions are rendering, while, 
 among other names well known to us all, we 
 may mention President Angell, of the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, and Messrs. John Barrett, 
 Alfred Buck, Edwin Conger, Charles Denby, 
 John W. Foster, John Wanamaker, Julian 
 Hawthorne, Hamilton King, George F. 
 Seward, Lloyd C. Griscom, Luke E. Wright, 
 Thomas H. Norton, Gov. George R. Carter, 
 and Commodore Wadhams. A list equally 
 distinguished could be given of British 
 residents who have spoken in terms of great 
 respect and high commendation concerning 
 missionary work. We may name, the 
 Honourable James Bryce, Sir Charles U. 
 
72 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Aitchison, Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, 
 the late Mrs. Bishop, Sir Philip Currie, 
 Lord Curzon, Sir Bartle Frere, Sir Robert 
 Hart, Sir William Hunter, Sir Harry 
 H. Johnston, Sir Frederick Lugard, Sir 
 Alexander Mackenzie, Lord Napier, Lord 
 Northcote, Lord Radstock, Prof. William M. 
 Ramsay, Sir Henry M. Stanley, Robert Louis 
 Stevenson, Sir Richard Temple, Lord Mount- 
 morres, Sir William Mackworth Young, Sir 
 William McGregor, Sir Charles Elliot, Col. 
 G. K. Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Frederick Nichol- 
 son, Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser, Sir Arthur 
 Lawley, Sir John Woodburn, Lord William 
 Gascoyne-Cecil, and Sir Ernest Satow. 
 These testimonies are from those who have 
 visited and lived, and almost all of them 
 served, on foreign fields, in the presence of 
 missionaries, and I have especially restricted 
 the list to such names, in order that there 
 might be no question of the dignity and 
 trustworthiness of the witness, and of his 
 ability to know whereof he speaks. Our 
 outlook at the present time is through the 
 eyes of such witnesses, and from every one 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 73 
 
 of them we may gather assurance sane and 
 strong that missionary work all over the 
 world, with possibly here and there individual 
 exceptions in the case of freak missionaries, 
 is worthy of admiration and confidence. 
 
 Once more, have you studied for your- 
 selves the facts which the contemporary 
 literature of missions yields in such abun- 
 dance, and with such clearness, force, and au- 
 thoritative import? If so, you must surely 
 be convinced that the present outlook is sug- 
 gestive of a sturdy and well founded opti- 
 mism. The evangelistic progress in some of 
 our mission fields seems to give promise of a 
 coming national Pentecost. We have had 
 our " night of toil " ; may we not hope for an 
 era of " bursting nets " ? Churches are multi- 
 plying everywhere, and growing strong and 
 aggressive. Japan is entering upon an in- 
 dependent, self-governing, and largely self- 
 supporting era, with a Christian leaven 
 throughout the empire which is full of 
 spiritual energy. The kingdom of heaven 
 in Japan may be as yet like to a grain of 
 mustard seed, but who will venture to deny 
 
74 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 that when it is grown it will not be regarded 
 as "the greatest among herbs?" It is only 
 thirty-five years ago that the death penalty 
 still hung over Christianity in that empire, 
 and to-day there is a large and dignified 
 company of native clergy and laity, who 
 would be an honour to Christianity in any 
 land. Japanese education bids fair to be- 
 come practically universal, since over ninety 
 per cent, of the children of both sexes, of 
 school age, are under instruction. The ed- 
 ucational system of the empire requires com- 
 pulsory school attendance between the ages 
 of six and fourteen. It is not at all an ex- 
 travagant forecast to say that before the end 
 of the present century Japan, if her progress 
 is marked by sanity, wisdom, and self-con- 
 trol, will be one of the most intelligent and 
 powerful nations of the earth. 
 
 Korea is building churches, and filling 
 them, too, with a rapidity which is not un- 
 like the celerity with which we erect sky- 
 scrapers here in America. As Mr. Ellis 
 writes, the Christian Church has now the 
 " opportunity of the centuries " in Korea. 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 75 
 
 One of our Presbyterian stations — Pyeng 
 Yang, — which was opened only twelve years 
 ago, has already in the city itself a church 
 membership of about 1,400 in its four 
 churches, with a regular attendance of 1,200 
 native Christians at the weekly prayer-meet- 
 ing of its Central Church, and is the centre 
 of a large outlying work in adjacent regions. 
 Nineteen new church buildings were erected 
 in that part of Korea during 1906, and out of 
 fifty-two old church edifices located in that 
 section there was a call for enlargement in 
 the case of twenty-seven. In the mission 
 churches of the various stations connected 
 with our Presbyterian Board there was a 
 total average of fifty-four additions to the 
 communicant membership every Sunday of 
 1906. In the Syen Cheun station, opened 
 in 1 90 1, only seven years ago, there are now 
 12,000 Christians, nearly one half of these 
 being church-members. For every dollar of 
 the Board's money used in native work in 
 that province during the year 1906, the 
 Korean Christians gave $10.60. 
 
 It is only twenty-four years since Protes- 
 
76 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 tant missions entered Korea, in 1884. There 
 are now fully 25,000 baptized Christians, 
 an average increase of over one thousand 
 per year since the first utterance of the 
 Gospel message to the Korean people. 
 Fifteen years ago, and there were only two 
 congregations, and about sixty baptized be- 
 lievers ; at present there are more than 1,500 
 Protestant worshipping assemblies every 
 Lord's Day, an average increase of about 
 one hundred per year. If the number of 
 the Protestant adherents, baptized and un- 
 baptized, be reckoned, it will be well over 
 100,000. All this has happened in a land in 
 which the Bible is not yet fully translated, the 
 New Testament only having been completed 
 in 1899, by a missionary committee of trans- 
 lators ; a final revision of which was issued 
 during the year 1906. While the version of 
 the New Testament prepared by the Rev. 
 John Ross of Manchuria, and published in 
 1885, should not be overlooked, as it served 
 a useful purpose in Northern Korea, yet it did 
 not prove available for the southern section 
 of the country, and it has therefore been sup- 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 77 
 
 planted by a version more suited to the uni- 
 versal needs of the people. If the political 
 experiences through which the people of 
 Korea are at present passing, however dis- 
 appointing they may be to national pride, 
 and however depressing to national hopes, 
 shall lead them as a people to seek solace in 
 Christianity, and become that nation whose 
 God is the Lord, we may be sure that they 
 will not be forsaken, and they will no doubt, 
 as time goes on, have occasion to give 
 thanks to God for some marked providential 
 tokens of His favour. 
 
 The outlook in China is one of extraordi- 
 nary interest. It is coincident with the cele- 
 bration of its modern missionary centennial 
 at Shanghai in April, 1907. What a century 
 this has been since Morrison landed there in 
 1807 1 The solitary missionary has become 
 nearly four thousand, if we include both 
 sexes, and in place of the cheerless loneliness 
 and the almost prohibitive ostracism of his 
 day we have now throughout China a small 
 host of ten thousand native co-labourers, and 
 a Christian community of nearly half a mil- 
 
78 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 lion, of whom about two hundred thousand 
 are communicants in Protestant Churches. 
 The Christian Churches of China sent to the 
 Conference of the World's Student Christian 
 Federation recently held at Tokyo a delega- 
 tion of fifty-seven students, four of them 
 being women. We should not fail to note 
 also the educational, literary, and medical 
 service, under missionary auspices, of large 
 proportions and signal efficiency. China has 
 seen no such years since the birth hour of 
 the Land of Sinim, nor has she during the 
 lethargic complacency and self-admiration of 
 three thousand years ever dreamed of a dec- 
 ade so bewildering in its whirl of change, so 
 amazing in its administrative spasms, its 
 educational advances, its social reforms, and 
 its evangelical fruitage, as has marked the 
 last ten years. The Chinese are setting a 
 pace which has never been attained even in 
 the history of Western Christendom. There 
 will be reactions, of course, — we expect them 
 — but just now these celestial plungers seem 
 to be forging ahead with an almost reckless 
 passion for reform and change, and the goals 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 79 
 
 toward which they are pressing would have 
 seemed a few years ago far outside the range 
 of possible attainment. Other nations must 
 be counted slow in comparison with the 
 Japanese, and now also we may say the 
 same of the Chinese. It may have seemed 
 futile for any outsider to try and " hustle the 
 East," but it has become clear that the East 
 is now hustling itself, and with results which 
 leave no doubt in one's mind that some, at 
 least, of the Orientals are wonderfully suc- 
 cessful hustlers when they get busy along 
 that line of effort. 
 
 Is not this true ? I refer you to the daily 
 papers of the last ten years. The tele- 
 graphic columns, as well as letters from cor- 
 respondents, have reported many interesting 
 items from the Far Eastern news budget. 
 Those time-honoured government examina- 
 tions in China have been literally shaken to 
 pieces, and put together again after Western 
 models ; the Chinese educational reforms 
 have planned for universities in every prov- 
 ince ; colleges and higher schools in large 
 numbers have been established throughout 
 
80 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 the empire, while village schools have been 
 recently opened by the thousands. The 
 project of making education compulsory is 
 under consideration by the government. 
 After the Renaissance came the Reforma- 
 tion. Will history repeat itself in China ? 
 It is a significant fact that several responsi- 
 ble officials in positions of great influence 
 have recommended to the people over whom 
 they rule that the money which they are ac- 
 customed to spend in paying costly honours 
 to their ancestors should be devoted rather 
 to the education of their descendants, in 
 order that the living might be better pre- 
 pared to serve their country, and do worthy 
 work in their day and generation. Others 
 have interested themselves in the distribution 
 of Christian literature. There has been an 
 efflorescence of Chinese journalism within 
 the last decade, and there is to-day through- 
 out the empire a scramble for literature with 
 a Western flavour, and modern in its subject 
 matter. Railroads, telegraphs, engineering 
 and mining projects, electrical appliances, 
 commercial enterprise, military and naval 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 8 1 
 
 progress, and, in fact, the whole gamut of a 
 national awakening, are included in the story 
 of China's renaissance. 
 
 More wonderful still is the edict abolishing 
 foot-binding, a reform which began years ago 
 in our mission schools ; following this has 
 come the drastic manifesto of the govern- 
 ment against the opium traffic, another 
 reform for which missionaries have been 
 battling for a generation or more. To all 
 this we may add that the Medical Missionary 
 College at Peking having been formally 
 recognized by the government, its graduates 
 will be officially examined, and granted gov- 
 ernment diplomas. There are other matters 
 still more strange, of which we may take 
 cognizance, if we may believe our eyes and 
 our ears. Listen to the strange tidings which 
 reach us from the Far East — undisguised 
 agitation about a representative scheme of 
 government, after the model of a Western 
 parliament, and an official promise that it 
 will not be long delayed. Democracy is not 
 altogether unknown in China ; it forms a 
 basis for local or village suffrage, but the 
 
82 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 great empire has had only a paternal or au- 
 tocratic government for unknown centuries ; 
 yet to-day there is much discussion of im- 
 perial citizenship, constitutional restraints, 
 legislative debate, laws otherwise than by 
 fiat, democracy in place of the Dragon, en- 
 larged liberty, and finer patriotism; and 
 all this involving by implication a new 
 Chinese nationality sitting clothed and in 
 its right mind among the nations of the 
 earth. 
 
 Surely these are times of which to take 
 note, and whatever may be said of the 
 secular and historic causes which have stirred 
 the East to this unwonted extent, it cannot 
 be denied that the intellectual and spiritual 
 enlightenment of the people has had much to 
 do with it, and it cannot be denied also that 
 the light has come in large part from the 
 evangelical, educational, literary, and philan- 
 thropic campaign of missions during the past 
 hundred years. Is it not equally plain that 
 the opportunity which this situation offers to 
 missions is unprecedented ? China, we must 
 remember, has fully one quarter of the 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 83 
 
 world's population within the bounds of its 
 vast empire. It has been a heroic struggle 
 to make any impression upon these throng- 
 ing millions; yet the result of the century 
 just closed, we may say practically of the 
 past fifty years, is represented by 178,000 
 church-members, and in mission schools and 
 colleges there are nearly 60,000 pupils. The 
 fanatical province of Hunan, haughty, inac- 
 cessible, and bitterly intolerant, ten years 
 ago, has now one hundred missionaries within 
 its boundaries. This quiet work in China, 
 which has hardly ruffled the surface of 
 church life at home, has thus resulted in an 
 average annual ingathering of some three 
 thousand converts during the past fifty years, 
 and this is merely a symbol of other multi- 
 form, diversified, and interlaced results which 
 defy tabulation. 
 
 The situation in India is complex, but full 
 of interest and promise. A vast country, 
 practically under one government sway, is 
 yet, in spite of its many races, its diverse 
 religions, and its historical antagonisms, 
 gradually yielding itself to the moulding in- 
 
84 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 fluences which missions have introduced. A 
 new India is in sight ; a new society is in the 
 making ; new intellectual forces are at work ; 
 aggressive and yet not unnatural political 
 aspirations are asserting themselves ; a re- 
 fined religious consciousness, evangelical in 
 its deeper trend, and dominated more or less 
 by the ethics of the Bible, is gaining ascend- 
 ancy over the minds of vast multitudes, who 
 as yet are hardly able to interpret its lead- 
 ings, or to comprehend its significance. 
 This religious and moral leaven is stimulat- 
 ing great mass movements toward the light 
 and hope of the Gospel. It has already, in 
 some measure, shaken the faith of India in 
 its idolatry, and has deadened, and to some 
 extent destroyed, the Hindu allegiance to 
 caste. Even if we had no visible results in 
 churches established, and in communities of 
 professing Christians, the moral and social 
 changes which are in process, the intellectual 
 uplift, the aspirations, yearnings, and strug- 
 gles, of millions of our fellow-mortals, 
 awakening to the consciousness of a higher 
 life, and a nobler destiny, would be a basis 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 85 
 
 for trustful patience, unfaltering optimism, 
 and further unwearied toil. 
 
 We are not obliged, however, to walk in 
 faith as regards the prospects of missions in 
 India ; the converts are there by the hun- 
 dreds of thousands, beautiful examples, 
 many of them, of the sweet, transforming 
 power of the Gospel over human lives. 
 There are still, in addition to these, unknown 
 multitudes who are beginning to believe, 
 perhaps as yet but vaguely, and with only a 
 dim hope, in the power of the missionary 
 evangel. They can hardly understand just 
 what they are longing for, or realize just 
 what they need, but God knows that the 
 desire of their hearts fully interpreted is to 
 come under the influence of the Gospel, and 
 share in its blessings. Very remarkable signs 
 of spiritual tumult and physical excitement 
 have been reported here and there by 
 reliable witnesses, as marking these recent 
 stirrings of the religious nature in India. 
 Whatever explanation may properly be given 
 of them, they surely indicate an awakened, 
 alert, and fervid temper of the soul, which, if 
 
86 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 guided by evangelical teachings, and 
 nourished by the Spirit of Life, will lead men 
 at last to a sane and happy vision of unseen 
 realities, and a conscious experience of a life 
 hid with Christ in God. 
 
 In the wild recesses of the Khasia Hills, 
 in Bengal, especially among the Kols, in 
 the homes for widows and orphans con- 
 ducted by Pundita Ramabai, at Aurunga- 
 bad, Ratnagiri, and at numerous points in 
 the Madras Presidency, have been witnessed 
 what some one has described as "prayer 
 storms," sweeping with the resistless power 
 of a whirlwind through vast audiences, and 
 accompanied by violent outbursts of contri- 
 tion and confession, which would often quiet 
 down suddenly into the soft and tender music 
 of some hymn of solace and hope. When 
 the soul reached its limit of emotion, it 
 seemed to sink exhausted into the arms of 
 song, and was lulled to rest by " Just as I am 
 without one plea," or "When I survey the 
 wondrous cross on which the Prince of Glory 
 died." It is not for us from a conserva- 
 tive Western standpoint to criticise or view 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 87 
 
 askance these inward convulsions of Eastern 
 natures under deep religious conviction. It 
 is often the case that stolid personalities, if 
 they come suddenly into contact with reality, 
 as exhibited, for example, in an earthquake, 
 a threatened shipwreck, or some alarming 
 prospect of impending peril, are brought 
 at once to their knees in deep distress and 
 fervid supplication. We are told that no one 
 can see God and live, and who can measure 
 the effect of a vivid spiritual vision of the 
 eternal, such as opens up to the heart and 
 the conscience the awful vista of realities 
 which lie beyond the dull routine of our 
 ordinary experience? Among other out- 
 standing features of the situation in India 
 at the present moment — and we may say the 
 same also of other mission fields, especially 
 Japan, China, and Korea — is the spirit of 
 church union throughout the peninsula, and, 
 moreover, there are fresh and welcome 
 signs of a missionary consecration in 
 the Indian Christian community, as the 
 result of which we have tidings of a 
 National Missionary Society of India, or- 
 
88 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 ganized over a year ago, under purely native 
 auspices. 
 
 From India we may cross the Indian Ocean, 
 and take our seats in the carriages of that 
 wonderful railway from Mombasa to the 
 Victoria Nyanza — a railway where in case 
 of an accident the danger is not so much of 
 fire in the wreckage as of a raid of hungry 
 lions from the forest. At its terminus we 
 embark in a beautiful steamer, and cross the 
 lake to Uganda, now a British Protectorate. 
 We find ourselves face to face with a mis- 
 sionary enterprise which dates back only 
 about thirty years, and yet there is now 
 enough evidence to convince us that in that 
 dark region of the earth a Christian nation 
 in the making is before us. The destiny of 
 Uganda, unless all signs fail, is to be Chris- 
 tianized within perhaps another half century. 
 It may claim already that it is a fairly credit- 
 able outpost of Christendom. Thirty-one 
 years ago, when the Church Missionary So- 
 ciety entered it, in 1877, it was a land of incred- 
 ible cruelty, where mutilation, flaying, and 
 burning alive, were royal amusements, and 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 89 
 
 where a holiday was likely to involve a human 
 holocaust. Upon the death of a king, hun- 
 dreds, even thousands, of lives were sacri- 
 ficed. Bishop Tucker of the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society staff in Uganda speaks of 
 the pathetic evidence which many Christian 
 converts of to-day reveal of the atrocious 
 cruelty of the past. " Here is a man," he 
 writes, " without lips, without nostrils, with- 
 out ears, mutilated in the old days. Here is 
 one led of another, blind, his eyes put out in 
 the old days by order of the king. And 
 there, kneeling at the table of the Lord, is 
 one who can only take the consecrated bread 
 between the stumps of his two arms — the 
 hands cut off in the old days, by order of the 
 king." 
 
 In those pioneer times, from three to four 
 months of toilsome and dangerous travel 
 were required to reach Uganda from the 
 coast, while to-day steam facilities are at our 
 command, and the journey is only a matter 
 of three or four days. If we look about us in 
 what we might call this land of missionary 
 magic, we shall find there a self-supporting 
 
90 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Church, of over sixty thousand baptized 
 Christians, and of this number at least fifty- 
 six thousand — over five-sixths — have been 
 added within the last ten years. The num- 
 ber of baptisms, according to a late report, 
 now exceeds nine thousand annually. The 
 Protestant Church organization of the king- 
 dom of Uganda receives no financial help 
 whatever from England, except the salaries 
 of the British foreign missionaries. It builds 
 its own churches, which already number 
 nearly eight hundred, and also supports its 
 own Christian schools, numbering over fifty, 
 paying the salaries of the native teachers. 
 On the heights near Men go, an immense 
 cathedral has been reared, which will accom- 
 modate between three and four thousand 
 worshippers, and is usually crowded at 
 special services. The social life of the coun- 
 try has been greatly purified and uplifted, 
 even to the extent of placing polygamy 
 under the ban of public opinion, and secur- 
 ing the voluntary abandonment of slavery. 
 The young king is a Christian, and many 
 of the highest officials of the government are 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 9 1 
 
 men of evangelical faith, while liberty of 
 conscience is recognized as a religious 
 privilege and a social law. Uganda will 
 soon be a radiating centre of evangelistic 
 effort, from which an entrance will be made 
 from the south into the Soudan, along paths 
 which foreign missionaries would find it 
 difficult to tread in conducting on a perma- 
 nent basis ordinary missionary operations. 
 
 There are many other sections of Africa 
 where missions have maintained themselves, 
 and in the face of almost overwhelming diffi- 
 culties have vindicated their power to en- 
 lighten, uplift, and transform native com- 
 munities. Were it possible without unduly 
 taxing your patience, I might give you de- 
 tails of the unwavering tenacity and the 
 brilliant achievements of those splendid 
 Scotch Missions in the British Central Africa 
 Protectorate, around Lake Nyassa. I might 
 speak of the French Evangelical Mission 
 among the Barotsi, near the head-waters of 
 the Zambesi, the scene of Pastor Coillard's 
 labours, where King Lewanika has abolished 
 slavery by a recent royal decree. A dread- 
 
92 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 ful war, somewhat over a generation ago, 
 was the price of the abolishment of slavery 
 in this country; but in Uganda and in 
 Barotsiland the magic wand of missions 
 waves over a slaveholding community, 
 hitherto wild and cruel, and the shackles are 
 peacefully and willingly loosed. I might 
 dwell also upon the outcome of the mission- 
 ary campaign in South Africa, and there is 
 much besides to say of the work in the 
 Congo Valley, in Nigeria, and on the West 
 Coast. In the Congo region, unfortunately, 
 we have the white trader and administrator 
 at his worst, tyrannizing over the natives 
 with grievous cruelty, and presenting a 
 formidable hindrance to missionary' success. 
 There are other great and important fields 
 which might be included in our outlook, did 
 time permit. There are Dutch Missions in 
 the East Indies, where a remarkable work 
 has been accomplished among Moslems. 
 There are the South Sea Islands, where out 
 of the soil of savagery the Christian life has 
 come to a noble fruitage. Then, there are 
 Siam and Laos, Ceylon and Madagascar. In 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 93 
 
 the latter island the signs of promise are bright, 
 despite the present harassing unfriendliness 
 of French officials, and we can never for- 
 get that there the Gospel has already won 
 victories of renown. In order to compre- 
 hend the situation of all these mission fields, 
 we must have a view-point which commands 
 also the toilsome and dauntless past. In the 
 light of the historic struggles and toils of 
 modern missions, the present outlook is won- 
 derful and full of promise, with hardly an 
 exception, in whatever direction we may turn 
 our gaze. 
 
 Even in Moslem lands there are vanishing 
 shadows giving place to hopeful gleams of 
 light. The great work among the Oriental 
 Christian sects in the Turkish Empire, is a rep- 
 etition of the Reformation of the sixteenth 
 century among lapsed Christians who were 
 not at that time brought under the influence 
 of that stupendous transformation. This 
 restoration of the evangelical element in 
 Oriental Christianity is planting powerful 
 evangelistic and educational forces in a 
 crumbling empire, where momentous changes 
 
94 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 may at any time come suddenly and unex- 
 pectedly, adding another to those world 
 surprises which, in the Providence of God, 
 have greeted the nations in the present 
 generation. A Missionary Conference, held 
 in Egypt in April, 1906, to consider the 
 status and needs of the Moslem world, was 
 one of the significant events of that year. 
 
 In the neighbouring Moslem empire of 
 Persia, where missions have been toiling for 
 the restoration of the old Nestorian Church 
 to an evangelical faith, there has been work- 
 ing a leaven of religious and political ferment, 
 which has produced the revolt from Islam 
 known as Babism, and has now, in combi- 
 nation with other causes, kindled political 
 aspirations for a constitutional form of gov- 
 ernment, in place of the autocratic despot- 
 ism of centuries. The movement may seem 
 as yet chaotic and unstable, but it is a sign 
 of great changes which are coming. The 
 granting of the constitution by the late Shah 
 was a mighty break with the traditional 
 past. In the very heart of these Persian 
 upturnings has been planted the living forces 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 95 
 
 of Gospel reconstruction, working through 
 the Church, the school, the printing-press, 
 the hospital, the Christian home, and the 
 regenerated individual character. 
 
 Is it not plain as we review the present 
 progress of missions that it is down these 
 " ringing grooves of change " that the whole 
 great world of backward races is now spin- 
 ning, with increasing momentum and bright- 
 ening promise? This old world of ours is 
 coming more and more into touch with us 
 every year ; it seems to be condescendingly 
 adjusting itself to the hitherto restricted 
 scope and the far too narrow outreach of our 
 Christian consciousness. The time has now 
 come when, in the Providence of God, the 
 world is fitting itself to our range of vision, 
 placing itself, as it were, within our reach, 
 and there is less excuse in our day than ever 
 before, should we fail to cooperate heartily 
 in a campaign of universal Christian effort. 
 We cannot but be cheered that so much 
 has been already accomplished, and that the 
 world's redemption is taking rank as one of 
 the foremost duties of the followers of Christ. 
 
96 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 It is, or it should be, an ennobling ministry 
 to our religious natures, a broadening in- 
 fluence upon our Christian characters, and 
 an exhilarating factor in our church service, 
 that we are living in this era of incalculable 
 missionary privilege. Christ has put the 
 interests of His kingdom in our care, and 
 commended His great work of universal re- 
 demption to our devotion in this our time, 
 under conditions which have never been 
 surpassed in attractiveness and grandeur in 
 the world's history. 
 
 " For never yet there burned 
 In the soul's sky, 
 So ample, so unearned, 
 
 So pure, so high, 
 Such hope, so well discerned, 
 Of victory." 
 
 We are truly heirs " of all the ages " of 
 splendid privilege ; we are " in the foremost 
 files of time," as leaders in the world's 
 destiny, and arbiters of human hopes. Never 
 has the Church faced such responsibilities, 
 and never has she had such encouragement 
 in the discharge of her duty as the world- 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 97 
 
 wide interpreter and messenger of the 
 Incarnation. Never have her activities had 
 such range and potency, such outreaching 
 power in human society, and such open 
 doors of access to all mankind, as she enjoys 
 to-day. As if to emphasize and glorify the 
 call of obligation, and magnify the signifi- 
 cance of our opportunity, we find ourselves 
 in many distant and perhaps obscure posts 
 of missionary service, not only ambassadors 
 of Christ, and bearers of His spiritual gifts 
 to men, but the forerunners also of the 
 material blessings of a higher civilization. 
 The ever precious message of forgiveness, 
 the glad tidings of peace, and the lessons of 
 righteous living, are also accompanied by 
 the introduction of many of the wonders of 
 this age of science. Missions are in fact sub- 
 sidized by the inventive genius, the mechan- 
 ical skill, and the almost superhuman com- 
 mand of natural forces, which characterize 
 our times. We speak of Christ in some un- 
 enlightened and alien community, and in the 
 same breath we heal a disease, or execute 
 some marvel of surgery; we summon the 
 
98 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 soul to spiritual victory, and at the same 
 time we bring a revelation of masterful 
 power over natural forces. Our preaching 
 is, as it were, attended by signs and 
 wonders ; our message of spiritual , in- 
 struction being reinforced by the resources 
 of the modern age, of which we become in 
 our missionary environment largely the inter- 
 preters and heralds. 
 
 The people strictly within the limits of the 
 territory occupied by Presbyterian missions, 
 and dependent for evangelization upon the 
 northern branch alone of the Presbyterian 
 Church in the United States, all of them, we 
 may say, accessible through the missions of 
 our Foreign Board, exceed in number the 
 entire population of the United States. 
 Statements perhaps equally startling and 
 significant might be made concerning all 
 great missionary boards and societies. The 
 missionary literature of to-day, we may say 
 nearly every page of it, in books, period- 
 icals, newspapers, and personal letters from 
 the field, fairly shines and glows, and, it is 
 hardly an exaggeration to say, almost 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS 99 
 
 explodes with the dynamic urgency of the 
 Church's opportunity. 
 
 Consider also the ease and security and 
 effectiveness with which money, even the 
 smallest sums, can be systematically devoted 
 to usefulness in this great cause. One val- 
 uable function of money is to put capital in ac- 
 tion, to facilitate the use of otherwise stagnant 
 financial resources, to the advantage of all 
 concerned. The Church of Christ has an im- 
 mense investment of capital in the foreign 
 fields. The personality of its missionaries, 
 its fine equipment for effective work in 
 evangelization, education, literary produc- 
 tion, industrial training, philanthropic min- 
 istry, and social influence for the betterment 
 of mankind — here is a wealth of capital, 
 ready for use, having unknown possibilities 
 of great spiritual and moral dividends, and 
 every dollar, yes, every dime, put into an 
 ordinary contribution box for foreign mis- 
 sions, sets some of this great mass of capital 
 in motion, and enables it to work out its des- 
 tiny as the almoner of blessings to the 
 world. No generation that has preceded 
 
IOO THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 us has ever enjoyed to the same extent the 
 marvellous facilities which are now at the 
 disposal of the Church. Ought not every 
 contributor, even of the smallest sum, to the 
 cause of foreign missions, to hand in his of- 
 fering as a cheerful giver and a happy- 
 hearted helper in the extension of our Lord's 
 kingdom? Your single dollar gives a cer- 
 tain measure of momentum to capital, which 
 represents not a mere collection of earthly 
 cash, but the priceless service of Christian 
 men and women in distant lands, and, we 
 may include also in this aggregate of mission 
 resources that contribution of spiritual support 
 and reserve power which the Great Silent 
 Partner on High has incorporated as an in- 
 exhaustible surplus to this marvellous cap- 
 italization of the noblest enterprise of human 
 history. 
 
 The situation is one which calls for serious 
 and devout attention ; it should stir us to a 
 holy and fervent passion for the coming of 
 Christ's kingdom. " Thy kingdom come," 
 we pray daily, and behold here it is, in all its 
 potential promise; here it is as a possible 
 
STRATEGIC ASPECTS IOI 
 
 reality, if we are true to our duty. It is quite 
 within the bounds of reason, and in harmony 
 with already demonstrated facts, to say that 
 we have it fully within our power to secure a 
 larger, finer, sweeter, and nobler life to the 
 world. The triumphs of the Gospel over 
 individual lives will insure this ; since the 
 multiplication of citizens in the spiritual com- 
 monwealth of God means the sure establish- 
 ment of a kingdom of righteousness among 
 men. 
 
LECTURE III 
 A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 
 
" For shining examples of faith, courage, patience, and zeal, 
 and for a great multitude who have finished their course in the 
 faith and love of the Lord Jesus, we render our humble thanks- 
 givings to God, by whose grace they were enabled to over- 
 come. . . . 
 
 " Whereas it is frequently asserted that Protestant Missions 
 present a divided front to those outside, and create confusion 
 by a large variety of inconsistent teaching, and whereas the 
 minds both of Christian and non- Christian Chinese are in 
 danger of being thus misled into an exaggerated estimate of 
 our differences, this Centenary Conference, representing all 
 Protestant Missions at present working in China, unanimously 
 and cordially declares : 
 
 " That, holding the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- 
 ments as the supreme standard of faith and practice, and hold- 
 ing firmly the primitive Catholic faith summarized in the 
 Apostles' Creed and sufficiently stated in the Nicene Creed; 
 and in view of our knowledge of each other's doctrinal sym- 
 bols, history, work, and character, we gladly recognize our- 
 selves as already one body, teaching one way of eternal life, 
 and calling men into one holy fellowship. . . . 
 
 " We frankly recognize that we differ as to methods of ad- 
 ministration and Church government; that some among us 
 differ from others as to the administration of Baptism; and 
 that there are some differences as to the statement of the doc- 
 trine of Predestination or the Election of Grace. But we 
 unite in holding that these exceptions do not invalidate the as- 
 sertion of our real unity in our common witness to the Gospel 
 of the grace of God. 
 
 " That, in planting anew the Church of Christ on Chinese 
 soil, we desire only to plant one Holy Catholic Church, under 
 the sole control of the Lord Jesus Christ, governed by the 
 Word of the Living God and led by His guiding Spirit." 
 — Resolutions of Shanghai Centenary Conference, igoj. 
 
LECTURE III 
 A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 
 
 IN the first verse of the twelfth chapter of 
 Hebrews the author of that epistle 
 writes : " Wherefore, seeing we also are 
 compassed about with so great a cloud of 
 witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and 
 the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let 
 us run with patience the race that is set be- 
 fore us." The word translated witnesses in 
 the first clause of this verse, taken in con- 
 nection with the figure of a race, would seem 
 to refer to spectators intently observing an 
 athletic contest. We may note, however, 
 that in the eleventh chapter the word is used 
 in a connection which seems to suggest that 
 it also refers to witnessing in the sense of 
 testimony rendered. In the second verse of 
 that chapter it is stated, " For by it the elders 
 obtained a good report," and in the thirty- 
 ninth verse it reads, " And these all, having 
 105 
 
106 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 obtained a good report." In both instances 
 the original word translated " a good report " 
 is from the same root as the one which is 
 rendered " witnesses," in the first verse of the 
 twelfth chapter, and from the same root our 
 word martyr is derived, since a martyr is 
 primarily a witness to the faith. The cloud 
 of witnesses referred to may very properly be 
 those who having testified by their fidelity 
 and loyalty, and by their devoted lives of 
 service, and having many of them sealed their 
 fealty to Christ by martyrdom, and thus 
 " obtained a good report," are represented 
 in picturesque symbolism as looking down 
 upon those who are still engaged in the 
 struggle. We shall, therefore, venture to 
 use the expression "cloud of witnesses" as 
 signifying those who have borne witness to the 
 faith. We seem justified in this, since the 
 entire eleventh chapter of Hebrews recounts 
 the victories and the heroic testimony of 
 those who by faith " subdued kingdoms, 
 wrought righteousness, obtained promises, 
 stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the 
 violence of fire, escaped the edge of the 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 107 
 
 sword, out of weakness were made strong, 
 waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the 
 armies of the aliens." This Biblical narrative 
 refers to those who in ancient times were 
 faithful witnesses to truth, and loyal servants 
 of God. Have we in modern times, and 
 especially in mission fields, converts whose 
 character, trustworthiness, and fidelity in 
 service will bear comparison with those early 
 heroes of the faith. In other words, are our 
 modern mission converts worth winning? 
 We believe that they are, and that they are 
 fast becoming a new " cloud of witnesses," 
 many of whom belong to our own gener- 
 ation. 
 
 A new eleventh of Hebrews could have 
 been written many times, perhaps in every 
 century since the apostolic age. The story 
 of heroic fidelity to religious conviction, of 
 true and unwavering allegiance to Christ, 
 constitutes one continuous chain of testimony, 
 extending to our present day. It is too long 
 a recital to sketch even in outline here, and it 
 is, moreover, familiar to every student of 
 Christian history. Our attention will be con- 
 
Io8 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 fined rather to the recent chapter which 
 modern missions have added to that story of 
 heroic devotion and sacrificial obedience 
 which the ages have recorded concerning 
 those who have served and honoured God. 
 We shall further supplement this by asking 
 your attention to another kind of witnessing, 
 namely, the testimony of outside observers to 
 the success and value of missions in distant 
 lands. I refer to statements from men of 
 high positions and unquestioned veracity, 
 who have spoken in terms of admiration and 
 commendation of mission work in foreign 
 fields. These testimonies have now ac- 
 cumulated to such an extent that goodly 
 volumes have been collated, devoted entirely 
 to recording what has been said. Those 
 whose evidence is thus quoted are fast be- 
 coming literally a " cloud of witnesses," not 
 only as onlookers, but as ready also to testify 
 to the spiritual, ethical, and humanitarian 
 success of missions. 
 
 Without attempting to claim other than an 
 approximate accuracy, we may estimate the 
 number of Protestant church-members in 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 109 
 
 mission churches at the present time as 
 1,800,000, not including those converts who 
 have died in the faith during the past 
 century. Out of this "cloud of witnesses" 
 we may glance only here and there at a 
 personality, chosen either from among the 
 living or the dead, whose life-story happens 
 to have found its way into mission literature. 
 We would not be understood as intimating 
 that the testimony of all these nearly two 
 million church-members has been equally 
 valuable or admirable in quality, nor would 
 we seek to hide the fact that a certain per- 
 centage of those who have made a Christian 
 profession have failed to honour it. There 
 is good reason, however, for the assurance 
 that the outcome of character and conduct in 
 mission converts has been as a rule extremely 
 creditable, and as much to the honour of 
 Christianity as we are accustomed to find it 
 among professed believers in Christendom. 
 
 There are many traits of religious char- 
 acter which all men agree in respecting, but 
 we may select four aspects of a Christian 
 profession which are regarded as especially 
 
IIO THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 worthy of honour, and whose evidential value 
 ranks high. We may name them as loyalty, 
 sincerity, sacrifice, and stability. Converts 
 who are loyal to Christ and His truth, in the 
 face of temptation and peril, who are also 
 sincere in their conscientious convictions, be- 
 lieving in the Gospel for its own sake, with 
 no sordid or ignoble motive, who are, more- 
 over, ready to suffer loss, to endure hardship, 
 and to obey, whatever sacrifice may be in- 
 volved, and, finally, who persist with un- 
 wavering allegiance and unwearied patience 
 in holding fast to God's Word as their rule 
 of life, may by general consent be counted as 
 worthy witnesses to the power of the Gospel. 
 No one would claim that all mission converts 
 have equally fulfilled these conditions. The 
 tares grow with the wheat, and cannot be 
 safely or wisely uprooted until the harvest 
 time. 
 
 We do contend, however, that, all things 
 considered, the spiritual and moral record 
 of the communicant membership of native 
 churches in mission fields will not suffer by 
 comparison with the standard of Christian 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES III 
 
 living in our home churches. Even if the 
 proportion of the lapsed were proved to be 
 greater in mission churches than at home, 
 though there are no convincing data for con- 
 ceding this, a sufficient and very natural 
 explanation might be found in the fact that 
 such mission converts have come out of 
 gross and depressing ignorance, and have 
 known only a heathen environment, with 
 its degeneracy and laxity. In the apos- 
 tolic churches to which the New Testament 
 epistles were addressed, there was much 
 genuine piety ; yet it is evident that vicious 
 and degenerate tendencies would assert 
 themselves in the lives of many of their 
 converts. Let the tests be searchingly ap- 
 plied to mission converts, but not more 
 searchingly or exactingly or pitilessly than 
 we would apply them to ourselves or to 
 others in a happy and helpful environment, 
 where the power of a wholesome public 
 opinion, and the sympathy of Christian fel- 
 lowship make it comparatively easy to re- 
 main firm and true in a religious life. The 
 Christianity of mission fields is ready to be 
 
112 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 tested, although any test which we at a dis- 
 tance are able to make must be on a basis of 
 imperfect knowledge. In the white light of 
 the great assizes, it seems to those who have 
 lived among native Christians that the " Well 
 done, good and faithful servant," may be 
 expected to greet mission converts as often 
 as any other class of Christians. 
 
 During the past century the noble army of 
 martyrs has been recruited almost entirely 
 from among mission converts, or from mis- 
 sionaries who have died in the foreign serv- 
 ice. The fifth seal in the Book of Revelation 
 is in honour of martyrdom, and refers ex- 
 clusively to "the souls of them that were 
 slain for the Word of God." This is the 
 acme of loyalty ; it is the last test of sin- 
 cerity ; it is the limit of sacrifice, and the 
 crowning evidence of stability. The roll-call 
 of martyrs has been increasing with every 
 century since the death of Stephen. The 
 modern missionary era has added the names 
 of many servants of Christ in foreign lands — 
 Williams and the Gordons of Erromanga, 
 Patteson of Melanesia, Hannington, Smith, 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 13 
 
 and O'Neill, of Uganda, the martyr bands of 
 Kucheng and Lienchow, Chalmers of New 
 Guinea, and, with the close of the last cen- 
 tury, many whose earthly home was in China 
 have entered heaven crowned with victorious 
 fortitude and sublime devotion. This is not 
 so much a matter to excite our astonishment 
 so far as our missionaries are concerned ; they 
 would all of them die for their country, and 
 we may well believe that they would die also 
 for their Lord. 
 
 Let us turn to the record of mission con- 
 verts, and inquire how they have stood the 
 terrors of this ordeal. No student of mis- 
 sionary history can overlook Madagascar, 
 Uganda, Persia, Syria, Asia Minor, New 
 Guinea, and the Pacific Islands. China is 
 still fresh in our memories, and not alone the 
 one hundred and eighty-eight (including 
 wives and children) who were sacrificed from 
 the ranks of Protestant foreign missionaries, 
 and the forty-four of Roman Catholic con- 
 nection, but the forty thousand native Chris- 
 tians, according to a trustworthy estimate, 
 including Roman Catholics, who perished in 
 
114 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 the Boxer uprising, give a sublime emphasis 
 to the heroic witness-bearing of one of our 
 most prominent mission fields. The Chris- 
 tian Chinese were hunted, harried, tortured, 
 and slain, with every accessory of heartless 
 cruelty ; yet the story of their fidelity has 
 added an inspiring chapter to Christian his- 
 tory. A word, a sign, a motion, an abjura- 
 tion recognized as merely temporary, an 
 acceptance of a false certificate from the 
 magistrate, stating that they had recanted, 
 would have saved many of them. Hundreds 
 of them died literally " not accepting deliver- 
 ance," choosing to join that goodly company 
 on high " who came through great tribula- 
 tion, and washed their robes in the blood of 
 the Lamb," rather than escape by any easy 
 device of outward conformity. 
 
 The young wife of one of the native 
 preachers in Manchuria, when she faced 
 death, in that hour of peril prayed, " Oh, 
 Lord Jesus, give me courage to witness for 
 Thee, until the end," and when asked to 
 burn a stick of incense to the gods, with the 
 promise that by this act of concession her 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 115 
 
 life would be saved, she replied, " Never." 
 In this case the surrender of life was not 
 exacted, for, happily, her courage had excited 
 the admiration of the crowd, and, while her 
 persecutors had their attention turned in an- 
 other direction, she succeeded opportunely in 
 making her escape. An aged Christian, 
 named Chiang, when seized and told that 
 he must die, said calmly: "Very well, but 
 first give me a little time to pray." He fell 
 upon his knees, and began, " Father, forgive 
 them," and with these words his petition was 
 ended, as he was ruthlessly murdered on the 
 spot. Men were sometimes put to strange 
 tests, like that Chinese Christian before whom 
 a circle was made upon the floor, with a cross 
 drawn within it, upon which he was com- 
 manded to spit. He refused, and was 
 thereupon immediately ordered away to ex- 
 ecution. Another, while being bound to a 
 pillar in a heathen temple, kept on preach- 
 ing to his persecutors, to show that the 
 Word of God was not bound, and only death 
 finally silenced that heroic evangel. A young 
 schoolboy, when commanded to worship some 
 
Il6 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 idolatrous tablets, replied, " I cannot do it," 
 and survived his bold refusal only for a mo- 
 ment. The stories of torture connected with 
 the Boxer persecutions are too terrible to re- 
 peat in detail ; many were burned alive, 
 beaten to death, dismembered, disembowelled, 
 drowned, cut to pieces inch by inch under 
 the sharp blade of a straw-cutter, hurled from 
 precipices, saturated with oil and set on fire, 
 or buried alive. 
 
 There are, moreover, accounts of faithful 
 Christian helpers and servants who were 
 done to death rather than betray the hiding- 
 places of the missionaries. A prominent 
 Christian, with his mother, sister, and wife, 
 were bundled into a cart, and taken to a 
 vacant lot outside of the village, singing 
 meanwhile, " He Leadeth Me," as they thus 
 journeyed to their death. One by one they 
 were slain, each in turn refusing to recant. 
 There is a certain realism about the faith of 
 some of these Chinese Christians, which is 
 both touching and inspiring, as in the case 
 of that member of the North Church at 
 Peking — Hsieh by name, — who insisted upon 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 117 
 
 donning his best clothes, as if for a festal 
 occasion, when he was led out to his mar- 
 tyrdom. " I am to enter the palace of the 
 King," he said, " and the best clothes I have 
 should be used." No wonder the Chinese 
 dug out his heart, to see if they could dis- 
 cover the secret of his courage. The early 
 martyrs of Christian history have proved a 
 valuable asset to Christianity, and to the 
 Christian Church of our day the heroism of 
 Chinese Christians has become a spiritual 
 treasure, the value of which it would be 
 difficult fully to estimate. 
 
 We must not linger over this story of 
 martyr testimony. There is also the witness 
 of devoted lives of loyal service, of moral 
 victory, of meekness under provocation, of 
 gentleness and humility in the presence of 
 revilings, of patience in suffering, and of 
 resignation in sorrow. There are trans- 
 formed characters, restored souls, luminous 
 records, shining examples, consecrated lives ; 
 there are stories of simplicity, sacrifice, 
 fidelity, heroism, self-denial, unassuming 
 piety, and loving toil. There are multi- 
 
Il8 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 tudes of Christian witnesses in modern 
 mission lands, whose lives have been gar- 
 landed with the graces, the joys, the hopes, 
 and the virtues of the Gospel. Many who 
 have lived worthily have died the death of 
 the righteous, and their reward is written on 
 high. 
 
 We need not delve into older mission rec- 
 ords, and revive the well-known stories of Af- 
 ricaner, Crowther, and Tiyo Soga, in Africa, 
 of Krishna Pal in India, of Kothahbyu in 
 Burma, of Epeteneto in the New Hebrides, 
 and Pomare in Tahiti. These examples, with 
 Neesima of Japan, Asaad-esh-Shidiak of 
 Mount Lebanon, Kapiolani of Hawaii, Clem- 
 ent Marau of Melanesia, and many others, 
 have served a useful purpose in former 
 years. We have now fresh material to 
 bring forward ; men and women, many of 
 them of our own generation, whose record 
 as witnesses is equally inspiring and effective. 
 We shall select only a few bright person- 
 alities from a luminous cloud of those who 
 have witnessed well for Christ in the midst 
 of a hostile and harassing environment. 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 119 
 
 Prominent among them is Khama, the good 
 South African king, a foe to intemperance 
 and polygamy, and a lover of peace and 
 justice. There is Daudi Kasagama, the 
 King of Toro, a country lying west of 
 Uganda, the royal evangelist, and the friend 
 of social order and virtue, who writes that 
 he wants very much to arrange all the 
 matters of his country for Christ only, " that 
 all my people," to quote his own words, 
 " may understand that Jesus Christ, He is 
 the Saviour of all countries, and that He is 
 the King of Kings." In Uganda is its 
 Prime Minister, Apolo Kagwa, the Christian 
 statesman, and on the West Coast of Africa 
 we meet with the pastors Marshall and 
 Anaman, Sir Samuel Lewis, and Bishop 
 Phillips, the two latter recently deceased — all 
 men of distinction and fine Christian records. 
 These are strong witnesses, gathered out of 
 the depths of African savagery, several of 
 them from the ranks of those who have had 
 to face the alluring temptations of power, 
 and to beat down the fierce assaults of per- 
 sonal pride and tribal hostility. 
 
120 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 In the Congo State — it seems a mockery 
 just now to call it "Free" — there has re- 
 cently died a native evangelist, the son of 
 a chief, named Paul, the story of whose 
 conversion and faithful service is full of 
 witnessing power. His early education was 
 secured largely through his own persevering 
 diligence, and, after a course of training as 
 an evangelist, he chose as his field of labour 
 a large town which had for ten years stoutly 
 resisted the entrance of the Gospel. In two 
 years, in spite of hostility and threats of 
 violence, he had gathered a congregation 
 of several hundred. Finally, when this 
 church was strong enough to care for itself, 
 he left it in charge of volunteer workers, and 
 journeyed from outpost to outpost, planting 
 the seeds of other permanent churches. His 
 enthusiasm was contagious, and several of 
 his converts followed his example. 
 
 On the island of Madagascar, off the east 
 coast of Africa, there died in 1905 a native 
 pastor, whom Mr. James Sibree, of the 
 London Missionary Society, calls "my old 
 friend and fellow worker ; one of the few re- 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 121 
 
 maining links with the times of early persecu- 
 tion." His name was Rainitrimo, and he was 
 converted about the year 1830, early in the 
 reign of Ranavalona I, the persecuting 
 queen. During those dark days he was 
 fined, imprisoned, sold as a slave, put 
 through the poison ordeal, and finally con- 
 demned to labour without pay for many 
 years in the construction of the enormous 
 tomb of the Prime Minister's family, at 
 Isotry, and was not set free until the death of 
 the queen, in 1861. He served after that as 
 a native pastor for forty-one years, and 
 lately died, at the age of ninety-three. His 
 Christian character " developed and deepened 
 with age," his public prayers were full of 
 earnestness and trustful confidence in God's 
 nearness and God's love, while his sermons 
 were brief and to the point, aiming with 
 supreme desire to glorify God and save men. 
 "The last time I met the old veteran," 
 writes Mr. Sibree, "I was going down the 
 hill to preach at Amparibe ; he was walking 
 up a rather steep ascent to morning service, 
 bright and cheerful, as I had ever known 
 
122 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 him, and bearing his two and ninety years 
 with but little sign of old age ; but now he 
 has gone to join his friends who not only suf- 
 fered, but died for Christ many years ago." 
 The first martyr of them all in Madagascar 
 was Rasalama, who was executed in 1837. 
 Her great sin was that she prayed to the 
 Christian God, and when led out to execu- 
 tion she still begged for one more opportunity 
 to pray, and, kneeling on the ground, calmly 
 committed her spirit into the hands of her 
 Redeemer, and while in this attitude she was 
 speared to death. Thus began the grim 
 story of what they are accustomed to call the 
 " killing times in Madagascar." 
 
 South of the equator seems to be a region 
 of pathless oceans. From Madagascar we 
 may journey due east over a vast waste of 
 waters, along the track of that vague bound- 
 ary line between Asia and Oceania, through 
 Torres Strait into the South Pacific, with its 
 populous island world. From these realms 
 of primitive savagery we can gather numer- 
 ous witnesses for Christ, whose record is full 
 of faith and courage. We cannot pass New 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 23 
 
 Guinea without recalling its noble mission- 
 aries, Macfarlane, Chalmers, Lawes, Abel, 
 and others, nor can we fail to pay our tribute 
 of respect and honour to those faithful native 
 preachers and teachers from the South Sea 
 Islands, mostly from the Samoan and Loyalty 
 groups, who have responded so willingly to 
 the call for help in the perilous and trying 
 pioneer work of opening New Guinea to the 
 Gospel. They were converts in the missions 
 of the Wesleyans and the London Mission- 
 ary Society in the South Seas, and in all, in- 
 cluding their wives, about three hundred of 
 them have entered New Guinea as native 
 missionaries. Of this number no less than 
 one hundred and twenty have perished with 
 fever, or suffered a violent death. 
 
 Out of a heredity of cannibalism and 
 bloody tribal wars came Gucheng, a convert 
 to the Gospel in the island of Lifu. He was 
 taught by the missionaries, and when, in 187 1, 
 Dr. Macfarlane, then in Lifu, was delegated 
 to open a mission in New Guinea, the call 
 was given for volunteers from the native 
 converts to accompany him. The entire 
 
124 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 native pastorate of Lifu, and all the students 
 in the mission seminary, offered themselves for 
 the service. Gucheng and one other were se- 
 lected. The story of his pioneer devotion is full 
 of heroism. It was to him and to many of the 
 other native teachers who afterwards engaged 
 in the service, a foreign missionary sphere of 
 work — distant, unknown, perilous ; yet there 
 was no break in the steady procession of 
 volunteers. In two years after the first 
 entrance, that little mission cemetery at Port 
 Moresby, in New Guinea, had eighteen 
 graves of teachers who had yielded up their 
 lives in consecrated loyalty. Gucheng was 
 ever ready for any duty, however threaten- 
 ing the outlook, and would join any exploring 
 expedition into dangerous regions to search 
 for a more healthful and suitable locality for 
 mission stations. Finally, when it became 
 evident that the permanent evangelistic and 
 teaching force must be recruited from the 
 natives of New Guinea, rather than from 
 South Sea aliens, he became the head of a 
 Papuan Training Institution, and in this posi- 
 tion he aided in educating native students to 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 25 
 
 continue the work which he and his comrades 
 were not physically fitted to perform. While 
 establishing a new mission station, to be 
 manned by his pupils, he was suddenly 
 stricken with fever, and died. His name is 
 hardly mentioned in Christendom, nor is that 
 of Ruatoka, another South Sea native of ex- 
 ceptional value to the Mission, yet their 
 record as witnesses for Christ, and servants 
 in the extension of His kingdom, is not one 
 whit less worthy of admiration than that of 
 our best known missionary heroes. 
 
 Some fifteen hundred miles due southeast 
 from New Guinea, across the Coral Sea, is 
 the group of Loyalty Islands, the scene of 
 the life-work of Pao, known as the Apostle of 
 Lifu. He, too, was in foreign missionary 
 service, as he was born in Polynesia, some 
 three thousand miles to the eastward of 
 Lifu. With faith and courage, and a conse- 
 crated spirit, he went to that island as a pioneer 
 evangelist among its wild cannibals. " Have 
 you a message for me from the Great 
 Spirit ? " inquired the powerful King of Lifu, 
 as the young stranger, who had landed alone 
 
126 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 on that dangerous shore, was brought before 
 him. "Yes," said Pao, "and here it is," 
 producing his Rarotongan New Testament. 
 There he lived, amid perils and discourage- 
 ments, until in later years he was called 
 home, leaving a native Christian community 
 to mourn him, and having opened the way 
 for the London Mission to establish itself in 
 the island. So mighty in its impressiveness 
 was his witness to the Gospel that many years 
 after his death the foreign and native com- 
 munities of Lifu united in raising a monu- 
 ment to commemorate his life and work. 
 
 Had we time to inspect this island world 
 more in detail — to visit the Fiji, Tonga, 
 Samoan, Hervey, and Society groups, and 
 possibly in returning westward through the 
 northern seas to call at the Micronesian and 
 Melanesian clusters, we should find witness- 
 ing thousands, who, like the elders of old, 
 have " obtained a good report." Every vil- 
 lage in the eighty inhabited islands of the 
 Fiji group has its church, and, all told, there 
 are about nine hundred places of worship 
 where the Fijians maintain the world's record 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 27 
 
 as to the percentage of regular attendants 
 upon church services, ninety-five out of every 
 hundred of the native residents going to church 
 with conscientious fidelity. Before the Gos- 
 pel entered, at the hands of the English 
 Wesleyans, in 1835, the Fiji group was such 
 a loathsome hotbed of vice and cruelty that 
 it has been appropriately called " an ante- 
 chamber to the bottomless pit." 
 
 We must now hasten on to Japan, and 
 while not forgetting to mention with respect 
 the name of Neesima, we will select more 
 recent witnesses who may be justly regarded 
 as worthy of our attention. Perhaps the 
 best known among them are the late Hon- 
 ourable Kenkichi Kataoka, the Christian 
 statesman and man of prayer, Ishii, the 
 philanthropist, Hara, the friend of discharged 
 prisoners, Sawayama, pastor and evangelist, 
 who has been called the " Modern Paul of 
 Japan," Honda, the educationalist, and Mo- 
 toda, the faithful rector, and head of a gov- 
 ernment school, who stipulated in accepting 
 the latter office that he should not be pro- 
 hibited from teaching Christianity, and thus 
 
128 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 witnessing to his Master. Dr. Honda has 
 been recently chosen as the first native 
 bishop of the Methodist Church in Japan. 
 We may mention also Messrs. Ishimoto, 
 Ebara, Nitobe, Miyama, Matsuyama, Okuno, 
 Ibuka, Tomeoka, Ando, Miyake, Kozaki, 
 Tamura, Harada, Uchimura, Sato, Uemura, 
 Niwa, Shimada, Ebina, Miyagawa, Watanabe, 
 Makino, Hirata, Yamamoto, Haraiwa, Shim- 
 omura, Homma, and many others, whose 
 witnessing lives would be worthy of our 
 attention had we time to dwell upon them. 
 
 In Korea there are many witnesses, and 
 the latest reports from that field indicate that 
 multitudes are embracing Christianity. The 
 desire to enter the Christian Church and 
 know more fully the love of Christ and the 
 power of the Gospel seems to be phenom- 
 enal. Some one who has just been there 
 describes them as a" broken-hearted nation 
 turning to Christ." The statements of Mr. 
 W. T. Ellis, which I have already noted, call 
 attention to the very exceptional opportunities 
 there to win souls for the kingdom, and recent 
 letters from the field speak of revival scenes 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 29 
 
 which are evidence of intense feeling and 
 deep spiritual experience. It is possible that 
 Korea may become a witnessing nation of 
 special value to Christianity. 
 
 We have already spoken of the testimony 
 of Chinese martyrs, but there are many 
 whose lives without the seal of martyrdom 
 have witnessed faithfully for Christ. There 
 is Chang, the blind man, who walked a hun- 
 dred miles to Dr. Christie's hospital at Mouk- 
 den, and while there received the Gospel 
 gladly. He soon entered upon an evangelis- 
 tic service of great success, and, visiting 
 from place to place, won souls wherever he 
 went. There was Wang, another Manchu- 
 rian evangelist, whose life has been written 
 by Dr. Ross. It strengthens one's faith to 
 read of his devotion, his liberality, his read- 
 iness to endure hardship, his patience and 
 tact in meeting opposition, his ingenuity in 
 interesting his hearers, and his fidelity to the 
 Gospel message. Instead of taking offense 
 at opposition and insult, he was depressed 
 rather if his preaching was received calmly or 
 with no signs of irritation, and was inclined 
 
130 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 to blame himself for some supposed unfaith- 
 fulness as the probable cause of such a peace- 
 ful attitude on the part of the powers of 
 darkness. In his earlier years, before his 
 conversion, he was much addicted to the use 
 of opium, and the poison was never fully 
 eliminated from his system, so that his work 
 was often done while suffering from great 
 weakness of body ; but so long as he could 
 stand upon his feet, he was a faithful witness, 
 and finally he died speaking of Christ with 
 his last breath. 
 
 Pastor Chiu of Amoy, where the English 
 Presbyterians have a mission, was converted 
 at the age of twelve, entered the ministry at 
 twenty, and served with unwearied zeal, 
 much of the time in difficult pioneer work. 
 His enthusiasm never failed him, and he be- 
 came popular with all classes ; his intellec- 
 tual force and heart power made him a per* 
 sona grata among the literati, the officials, 
 and the people. While the Church in China 
 produces such men as Pastor Chiu, we may 
 be confident that its witnessing power will 
 never fail. We read further of a certain 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 131 
 
 Pastor Chia, up in North China, in connec- 
 tion with the American Board Mission, a 
 portly, dignified, impressive personality, who 
 stands six feet in height, and has charge of 
 forty outstations in the Shantung Province. 
 Every native Christian in his district looks to 
 him as a sympathetic friend and adviser. 
 After the Boxer troubles he it was who was 
 commissioned to settle the indemnity claims 
 for the Christians of that region, and he went 
 through the ordeal to the satisfaction of all, 
 and with absolute honesty in his accounts. 
 His witness was characterized by love, fidel- 
 ity, brotherly kindness, and unblemished in- 
 tegrity. 
 
 At Amoy also we find the record of an- 
 other pastor, who served there forty years, in 
 connection with the Reformed Church Mis- 
 sion. The Rev. lap Han-cheong was or- 
 dained in 1864, being among the very first 
 natives then set apart for the ministry in 
 China. His fortieth anniversary to the pas- 
 torate was celebrated by the presentation to 
 him of four banners, each one seven feet in 
 length, made of crimson and blue silk, and 
 
132 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 suitably inscribed with square yards of esteem 
 and loving appreciation. The occasion was 
 further marked by a substantial contribution 
 toward a memorial fund in his honour, to be 
 used for missionary purposes, in commemo- 
 ration of his life-work. Forty years ago 
 there were only two church organizations in 
 all that region, and no native pastors. To- 
 day there are thirty-eight pastors and eighty 
 churches, fifty-three of them being self-sup- 
 porting. The labours of this faithful native 
 pastor have no doubt had much to do in 
 promoting this advance. Pastor Hsi's bi- 
 ography, written by Mrs. Taylor, has made 
 us conversant with a singularly strong and 
 heroic witness for Christ. While preparing 
 this lecture I have become acquainted with a 
 little volume by Mr. W. P. Bentley, entitled 
 " Illustrious Chinese Christians." * It con- 
 tains brief biographical sketches, either writ- 
 ten by missionaries, or based upon data fur- 
 nished from the field, of twenty-two natives, 
 who in Christian character and loyal service 
 
 1 Published by The Standard Publishing Company, Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, 1906. 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 33 
 
 furnish an example of witnessing fidelity 
 which is not only creditable to China, but an 
 honour to the Christian name. 
 
 In Siam we find the brief but noble record 
 of the Rev. Boon Boon-Itt, whose life-story is 
 told in a pamphlet issued by the Presbyterian 
 Board of Foreign Missions. He was edu- 
 cated in this country, at Williams College 
 and Auburn Theological Seminary, and on 
 his return to Siam was inducted into a re- 
 sponsible pastorate at Bangkok. He entered 
 upon his duties there with alacrity, giving 
 earnest attention to the spiritual interests of 
 the young men of the city. His success in 
 this special sphere reminds one of the work 
 of Henry Drummond among the young men 
 of his day. The early death of Mr. Boon-Itt 
 was a great sorrow to many friends in this 
 country, as well as in Siam. He seemed to 
 be just on the threshold of a long and useful 
 life, but his witness for Christ, though brief, 
 was inflexible, strenuous, and true. 
 
 Dr. Bunker of Burma has told us, in a 
 biography which he has published, the story 
 of Soo Thah, the indefatigable preacher 
 
134 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 and temperance advocate. It is related that 
 he once succeeded in inducing an entire 
 village to abandon intoxicants, with the ex- 
 ception of one rich old resident, who per- 
 sisted in distilling and drinking rice whiskey, 
 and placing the temptation in the way of 
 the young people around him. After much 
 persuasion, this upper-class sinner finally 
 consented to yield to solicitation, and give 
 up his evil traffic. It happened that he had 
 a considerable quantity of rice and corn on 
 hand already boiled, mixed with yeast, and 
 in process of fermentation. Rather than des- 
 troy this valuable stock, he fed it all to his 
 pigs, with tragic dynamic effect. This start- 
 ling result suggested to the alert mind of 
 Soo Thah a pungent text, which in the spirit 
 of a homiletical opportunism, not altogether 
 unknown elsewhere, he used with telling 
 effect to enforce his next temperance ser- 
 mon. The witness of this brave man in- 
 cluded a perilous attempt to evangelize a 
 savage tribe, where no entrance to the Gos- 
 pel had ever been allowed. Success crowned 
 his efforts, and the victory over superstition 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 135 
 
 and hostility was complete. It was given to 
 him subsequently to be a leader in kindling 
 the spirit of national unity among the Karens, 
 and in allying them with the British Gov- 
 ernment at the time of the Burmese rebel- 
 lion. His witness was thus a strong one in 
 behalf of the Gospel as a saving power, and 
 also in the promotion of social order and 
 national progress. 
 
 We must hasten now to India, where 
 many faithful and trustworthy witnesses pre- 
 sent themselves as we scan the records of 
 Indian Christianity. Krishna Mohun Baner- 
 jea, Ram Chandra Bose, Lai Bihari Day, 
 and Nehemiah Goreh, may all be regarded 
 as representative Christian apologists. Baba 
 Padmanji, Thakur Dass, N. V. Tilak, Rallia 
 Ram, Navalkar, Joseph David, Samuel Paul, 
 T. K. Chatter ji, Dr. Ahmed Shah, Abdullah 
 Athim, and others, stand high among native 
 Christian authors. Abdul Masih, Abdul Rah- 
 man, Imad-ud-Din (noted for his Biblical 
 scholarship), Safdar Ali, and Jani Alii, are 
 prominent Christian witnesses from the ranks 
 of Islam. There are many native writers 
 
136 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 whose witness to Christ has been embodied 
 in devotional hymns, some of them of un- 
 usual beauty. Jacob Biswas, in Bengali ; 
 Sastri, in Tamil ; Karmarkar, Tilak, and 
 Sangle, in Marathi; Safdar AH, in Urdu; 
 with K. M. Banerjea, Goreh, Navalkar, Bose, 
 and Day, as well, are all representative and 
 gifted hymnists. Many learned natives have 
 shared with distinction in the enormous la- 
 bours of Bible translation in India, as Arch- 
 deacon Koshi Koshi, in Malayalam ; the 
 Rev. D. Anamtam, and the Rev. P. Jaga- 
 nadhan, in Telugu ; Baba Padmanji, and 
 G. R. Navalkar, in Marathi ; Tara Chand, in 
 Urdu ; Shem Sahu, in Uriya ; and Imam 
 Masih, in Bengali. There are numerous pas- 
 tors and evangelists, like Messrs. Golaknath, 
 Pestonji, Sheshadri, M. N. Bose, D. L. Joshi, 
 Devasagayam, Chatterjee, W. T. Satthia- 
 nadhan, Khisti, Naoroji, Devadasan, and 
 John Williams, the latter among the wild 
 Waziris. These men, and many others, have 
 devoted their lives to a diligent testimony 
 concerning Christ and His Gospel. One of 
 those just mentioned, the Rev. Dhanjibhai 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 137 
 
 Naoroji, has recently celebrated the Jubilee of 
 his Christian service. In a document pre- 
 sented to him on that occasion, it is stated : 
 " You were the first and foremost of all the 
 Parsi converts to come out and join the 
 Church of Christ, and though your path lay 
 through many trials and persecutions, these 
 did not daunt your courage. Through God's 
 grace you stood firm, to be a glorious wit- 
 ness for Him in this land." There are states- 
 men and men of culture, like Sir Harnum 
 Singh, who represented the Indian Christian 
 community at the coronation of Edward VII. 
 In this list a conspicuous place must be as- 
 signed to that eminent Christian, and accom- 
 plished government official, Mr. Kali Charan 
 Banurji, deceased, we regret to say, since his 
 name was here inserted. We might name 
 also as worthy witnesses and public men of 
 distinction, Dewan Bahadur N. Subrahman- 
 yam, Dr. Pulney Andy, N. G. Welinkar, Rai 
 Bahadur Maya Das, and others. 
 
 There are professors and educationalists, 
 as Professor Ram Chandra of Delhi, Professor 
 H. L. Mukerji of Bareilly, Professor Golak 
 
138 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Nath Chatter ji of Lahore, and the lamented 
 Samuel Satthianadhan, LL. D., late Professor 
 of Mental and Moral Science in the Presidency 
 College, Madras. The personality of Dr. Sat- 
 thianadhan is known to many in England 
 and in this country, as during his recent visit 
 to America he delivered a course of lectures 
 at several theological seminaries, includ- 
 ing McCormick, on "Indian Philosophical 
 Systems as Related to Christianity." No 
 one who met him could fail to note the 
 gentleness and geniality of his personal ad- 
 dress, the accuracy and extent of his scholar- 
 ship, the fine tone of Christian courtesy in 
 his demeanour, his loyalty to evangelical 
 truth, and the presence of strong traits of 
 character, which, combined with religious 
 sincerity, made him a most attractive ex- 
 ample of what we may expect in educated 
 Indian Christians. His witness to Christ, 
 and to the ennobling power of the Gospel, 
 was of distinct value, here in America as well 
 as in India, and we all have a finer ideal of 
 the possibilities of Christian character, and 
 of the witness-bearing power of Indian Chris- 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 39 
 
 tianity from having met this winsome dis- 
 ciple, even though our intercourse with him 
 may have been but casual and transient. 
 
 We should not fail to name, moreover, in 
 this connection some representative Indian 
 women who are worthy of our respect and 
 admiration. Among them we may mention 
 Krupabai, the gifted writer, Ramabai, the 
 philanthropist of world-wide fame, Lady 
 Harnum Singh, the Sorabjis, Miss Lilivati 
 Singh, Miss C. M. Bose, Miss S. Chucker- 
 butty, the Chatter jees, Mrs. Shome, Mrs. 
 Bauboo, and Mrs. Satthianadhan, the accom- 
 plished editor of The Indian Ladies' Maga- 
 zine, These, with others who might be 
 mentioned, are witnesses of a high order to 
 the gracious influence of Christianity. 
 
 The witnessing power of multitudes gath- 
 ered into the Christian fold from the ranks 
 of Indian outcasts should by no means be 
 overlooked. The Pariah converts, pitiful in 
 their former degradation and suffering, be- 
 come evidential trophies of the power and 
 grace of the Gospel. The high caste Hindu 
 himself often wonders at the change which is 
 
140 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 wrought by conversion, and is deeply im- 
 pressed with the gladdening, hope-inspiring, 
 self-respecting, efficacy of Christian enlight- 
 enment, so energizing morally, and so trans- 
 forming socially, among a sunken and seem- 
 ingly doomed class. Distinguished Brahmans 
 in high official position are recognizing the 
 fact that something is being done for the 
 outcast element which is altogether new in 
 Indian history. Its witnessing power is irre- 
 sistible. Outcast converts of Christianity 
 may yet become a " cloud of witnesses " 
 whose testimony to the uplifting helpfulness 
 of the Gospel will stir the heart of India. 1 
 
 1 In a recent report to the native Prince of Travancore, 
 India, a Brahman census commissioner paid the following 
 tribute to Christian missions and native Christian converts : 
 
 " The heroism of raising the low from the slough of degra- 
 dation and debasement is an element of civilization unknown 
 to ancient India. But for the Christian missionaries in the 
 country these humble orders would forever remain unraised. 
 The Brahman community of Southern India is not doing for 
 the lower classes what the casteless Britisher is doing for them. 
 The credit of the philanthropy of going to the houses of the 
 low and distressed and the dirty, and putting the shoulder to 
 the wheel of depraved humanity, belongs to the Christian. It 
 is a glory reserved to this century of human progress, the epoch 
 of the happy commingling of the civilization of the West with 
 that of the East." 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 141 
 
 Passing now very hastily to lands largely 
 under Moslem rule, we find in Syria the stren- 
 uous and outspoken witness of Michial 
 Meshakah, of Butrus Bistany, of Michial 
 Araman, of John Abcarius, of Ibrahim Sarkis, 
 and Rizzook Berbary. In Persia, Deacon 
 Abraham, the philanthropist, and Mirza Ibra- 
 him, the martyr, have added their valued wit- 
 ness to the transforming power of the Gospel. 
 Throughout Turkey there are scores who 
 have lived faithful lives, and whose characters 
 and services have made them as " living epis- 
 tles, known and read of all men." The ven- 
 erable pastor at Aintab, in Asia Minor, the 
 Rev. Kara Krikore, who has just celebrated 
 the fiftieth anniversary of his pastorate over 
 the church in that city, is a worthy example. 
 
 These men and women of faith and zeal 
 whom we have mentioned in this long calen- 
 dar of sainthood have never been canonized 
 officially ; they are only plain witnesses to the 
 sanctifying power and the unselfish impulses 
 of the Gospel ; but they have lived and com- 
 muned with Christ, in whatever environment 
 their lot has been cast, and they have borne 
 
142 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 about in their spiritual natures " the marks 
 of the Lord Jesus " as truly as have many of 
 those religious zealots and heroes who have 
 been designated as saints by popular acclaim 
 or ecclesiastical decree. It was a true and 
 gracious instinct which led the late Dr. Ed- 
 win Hatch, the accomplished student of 
 Church Institutions, in his little poem, entitled 
 " All Saints," to include a reference to uni- 
 versal sainthood wherever Christ has been 
 loved and served, the world over. 
 
 " Saints of the early dawn of Christ, 
 
 Saints of imperial Rome, 
 Saints of the cloistered Middle Age, 
 
 Saints of the modern home ; 
 Saints of the soft and sunny East, 
 
 Saints of the frozen seas, 
 Saints of the isles that wave their palms, 
 
 In the far Antipodes ; 
 Saints of the marts and busy streets, 
 
 Saints of the squalid lanes, 
 Saints of the silent solitudes, 
 
 Of the prairies and the plains ; 
 Saints who were wafted to the skies 
 
 In the torment robe of flame, 
 Saints who have graven on men's thoughts 
 
 A monumental name." 
 
 We have dwelt at such length on the rec- 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 143 
 
 ord of these native converts who have wit- 
 nessed by their own lives and characters to 
 the redeeming and constraining power of the 
 Gospel, that we have little time left to speak 
 of the testimony of outside witnesses who have 
 had opportunities to observe mission work, 
 and have recognized its beneficent and helpful 
 influence. Dr. James L. Barton has recently 
 published a volume dealing with this aspect of 
 the subject. It is entitled, " The Missionary 
 and His Critics," and as the book is accessi- 
 ble to all, we will not repeat anything which 
 can be found therein. Statements which have 
 appeared within a few months since that book 
 was issued will be more than sufficient for 
 our present purpose. 
 
 We note that Lieut.-General MacArthur 
 has recently expressed his " appreciation of 
 the splendid work the missionaries are doing 
 in the Severance Hospital at Seoul," and, in 
 the same connection, he remarks : " I desire 
 further to speak in the highest terms of com- 
 mendation of the missionary work I saw else- 
 where in Korea." The Crown Prince of Siam 
 has said publicly within a few months: "As 
 
144 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 my royal grandfather and my royal father 
 have befriended the Christian missionaries, 
 so I trust that I, too, shall have an opportu- 
 nity on proper occasions to assist them to the 
 limit of my power." Sir Andrew H. L. 
 Fraser, the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, 
 in addressing a recent General Assembly of 
 the Church of Scotland, remarked that he had 
 been thirty-five years in India, and, contin- 
 uing, said : " I am glad of an opportunity of 
 expressing the deep sense of obligation which 
 as an officer of the government I feel to the 
 missionaries." His address was replete with 
 statements of a similar tenor, indicating his 
 high estimate of the value of missions in 
 India. In September, 1906, Sir Arthur Law- 
 ley, Lieutenant-Governor of Madras, visited 
 Coimbatore, and while there discharged the 
 pleasant duty of presenting to the Rev. Mr. 
 Brough, of the London Mission, the Kaiser-i- 
 Hind Medal awarded by King Edward for 
 services rendered during a recent visitation of 
 the plague. His address upon the occasion 
 was a hearty tribute to the worth of missions. 
 A few weeks later, at the ceremony of laying 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 145 
 
 the corner-stone of the new college building 
 of the American Board Mission at Madura, 
 South India, the same official, in the course 
 of an address glowing with sympathetic en- 
 thusiasm, remarked : " I hail with satisfaction 
 the opportunity which you have been good 
 enough to give me to-day of saying, as the 
 head of the government in this Presidency, 
 how highly I appreciate the value of your 
 splendid work, done so ardently and earnestly. 
 I hope that the work may grow and prosper. 
 I hope that here upon this height may grow 
 an institution worthy of the objects with 
 which it has been taken in hand, worthy of 
 those who made it possible to come to 
 achievement, worthy of the sons of that great 
 Anglo-Saxon nation who have shown them- 
 selves so well able to carry over the Western 
 seas, right up to the farthest corners of the 
 earth, the best and the noblest traditions of 
 the race from which they sprang. That God 
 may prosper them in their work is my most 
 deep and earnest prayer." 
 
 In a recent letter to the President of Madura 
 College, Lord Curzon, Ex- Viceroy of India, 
 
146 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 writes : " While in India I was greatly im- 
 pressed with the excellent, devoted, and self- 
 sacrificing work that was being spontaneously 
 undertaken by American educational and 
 missionary institutions, and I regard them as 
 a valuable adjunct to the forces of govern- 
 ment in aiming at the moral and intellectual 
 development of the people." Sir Frederic 
 S. P. Lely, in a paper on the " Practical Side 
 of Famine in India," read recently before the 
 Indian Section of the Society of Arts, at a 
 meeting held in London, spoke in terms of 
 unstinted admiration of the services of mis- 
 sionaries on behalf of famine sufferers. He 
 said : " Given a wasted famine starveling, 
 and nothing will save him, but such care as 
 cannot be bought. The devoted Christian 
 women missionaries who sought out wretched 
 little ones, and mothered them back to life, 
 deserved, as they gained, the gratitude of the 
 people." He mentioned also by name three 
 missionaries, Messrs. Mulligan, Mawhinney, 
 and Thompson, who had done heroic and 
 loving, though to themselves fatal, service in 
 famine relief, and concerning them he said : 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 147 
 
 "I make no apology for mentioning these 
 names, for the blood of such men is the seed 
 — and the sap — of empire." Lord Curzon, 
 who was in the chair at the time, spoke also 
 of the " devotion of the missionaries, English, 
 American, Canadian, European, of every 
 nationality, women as well as men. They 
 literally stood for months between the living 
 and the dead, and they set a noble example 
 of the creed of their Master." Sir Frederick 
 Nicholson made an address at Northfield in 
 1906. He was in this country on official busi- 
 ness, but accepted the invitation to give his 
 impression of missions, derived during a resi- 
 dence of thirty-seven years in India. His 
 tribute, which you will find in the Missionary 
 Review of the World, for January, 1907, is 
 worth reading, as the testimony of one who 
 speaks advisedly of what he knows. 
 
 Mr. P. Whitwell Wilson, M. P., in a con- 
 tribution to the pages of the Chronicle of the 
 London Missionary Society, for March, 1908, 
 writes appreciatively of the influence of the 
 missionary in quickening the spirit of broth- 
 erhood in the imperial policy of nations. 
 
148 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 " He is a guarantee," he writes, " that our 
 nation in approaching less civilized peoples 
 shall be actuated not merely by imperial am- 
 bition, or love of gain, but by real desire to 
 communicate to others the best life that we 
 have found ourselves." At the conclusion of 
 his article he states : " Under these circum- 
 stances, I am, as a mere politician, convinced 
 of the value, and indeed the necessity of 
 missions. One sees clearly that empires are 
 bound to expand. One also sees that such 
 expansion would be an awful and cruel 
 business, if it were not accompanied by a vein 
 of Christian sacrifice." 
 
 Sir Andrew Wingate, in a speech opening 
 a missionary exhibition held recently at Brom- 
 ley, near London, spoke of the opportunity 
 which the Church had for moulding the youth 
 of China and India for Christ. " The ominous 
 rumblings in India," he remarked, "show that 
 it is not education, but character, not books, 
 but the Bible, that play the greater part in 
 the highest education of a nation." He noted 
 the change of tone in men of business toward 
 missions, and their increasing inclination to 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 149 
 
 ask themselves whether the kingdom of 
 Christ is not the best investment for their 
 money. Sir Frederick Cunningham, who has 
 had long experience as a civil administrator 
 in India, in a recent address referred to " the 
 great value of the missionary's work in school 
 and hospital, in humanizing and elevating 
 the people. I for one can bear testimony to 
 its worth, both from the educational and po- 
 litical aspect." Sir Frederick spoke as one 
 who had known many missionaries intimately. 
 Sir James Bourdillon, an Indian official of note, 
 has also said in a recent address, that one of 
 the justifications of missions was " the value 
 of such work in the Church itself. Unless the 
 Church could put forth its power, and send 
 forth missionaries, it could not flourish, and 
 could not live." 
 
 The Right Honourable Winston Churchill, 
 of the English Cabinet, has recently visited 
 Uganda, and since his return to England he 
 has spoken with warm praise of missionary 
 work in that country. His address at the 
 National Liberal Club, in which he referred 
 to the benefits of missions in Uganda, was a 
 
150 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 testimony of exceptional value. " Once in 
 Uganda," he remarked, "you went into 
 another world. You found there a com- 
 pletely established polity — a State with every 
 one in his place and a place for every one. You 
 found clothed, cultivated, educated natives. 
 You found 200,000 who could read and write, 
 a very great number who had embraced the 
 Christian faith, and had abandoned polygamy 
 in consequence of their conversion. You 
 found, in short, in Uganda almost everything 
 which went to vindicate the ideal which the 
 negrophile had so often held up before the 
 House of Commons, and in regard to which 
 he had so often in other places been disap- 
 pointed by the hard logic of facts and the dis- 
 appointing trend of concrete and material 
 events. We owed a great deal in Uganda 
 to the development, on, he thought, an un- 
 equalled scale of missionary enterprise. In 
 some other parts of the British Empire he had 
 found the official classes distrustful of mis- 
 sionary enterprise. In Uganda he found 
 them very grateful. Devoted Christian men 
 of different Churches, but of a common char- 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 15I 
 
 ity, had laboured earnestly and strenuously, 
 year in, year out, to raise the moral and spir- 
 itual conceptions of one of the most intelli- 
 gent races in the whole of the African Conti- 
 nent, and they had succeeded undoubtedly in 
 introducing a character of progress and de- 
 corum into the life of Uganda, which made 
 that State one of the most interesting of those 
 for which the British public had ever be- 
 come directly or indirectly responsible." Mr. 
 George Wilson, C. B., Deputy-Commissioner 
 of the Uganda Protectorate, referring to the 
 work of missions in that country, remarked 
 at a recent meeting of the Society of Arts that 
 " the missionary societies have . . . done 
 a magnificent work, and, let us hope and be- 
 lieve, as we may, an ever-enduring work in 
 the educational and moral upbringing of the 
 natives." 
 
 In the Contemporary Review for February, 
 1908, is a report on Christian Missions in 
 China, by Mr. F. W. Fox, Prof. Alexander 
 Macalister of Cambridge, and Sir Alexander 
 Simpson of Edinburgh, who have recently 
 visited China, with a view to gathering first- 
 
152 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 hand information as to the status of missions 
 in that empire. The article leaves no doubt 
 in the reader's mind that these distinguished 
 visitors found the best reasons to approve and 
 endorse missionary effort, and that they re- 
 turned home with the determination to sup- 
 port and encourage the missionary enterprise 
 in the Far East. 
 
 The Acting-Governor of Nigeria, Mr. Fos- 
 bery, said in a public address not long ago : 
 " It is impossible to overestimate the good al- 
 ready accomplished in Southern Nigeria by 
 the Church Missionary Society." He gave 
 hearty assurance of his willing cooperation 
 and support in all measures tending to the 
 advancement of true religion and civilization. 
 Mr. Archibald R. Colquhoun, the author and 
 world-wide traveller, in his recent book on 
 " The Africander Land," gives ungrudging 
 testimony to the work accomplished there by 
 missionaries. Admiral A. T. Mahan, in his 
 volume issued not long ago, entitled, " The 
 Problem of Asia, and Its Effects on Interna- 
 tional Policies," deprecates the attitude taken 
 by hostile critics of missions, and speaks with 
 
A NEW CLOUD OF WITNESSES 1 53 
 
 emphasis of the desirability of mission effort 
 in Far Eastern nations, especially China. The 
 striking address of Sir Henry Mortimer Du- 
 rand, at the Student Volunteer Convention 
 at Nashville, in the spring of 1906, is probably 
 familiar to all. 
 
 Three well-known newspaper correspond- 
 ents in the Far East have recently writ- 
 ten on the subject of missions, Mr. Fred- 
 erick McCormick, Mr. F. A. McKenzie, 
 and Mr. W. T. Ellis. Mr. McCormick says 
 at the close of a communication expressing 
 approval of missionary service in China: 
 "We must, as Americans, quit thoughtless 
 condemnation of missions, and give aid to all 
 kinds of efforts to reach the Chinese people." 
 Mr. McKenzie declares, in his recently pub- 
 lished volume, entitled, " The Unveiled East," 
 that the missionaries "have been not only 
 teachers of religion, but the advanced agents 
 of civilization." Mr. Ellis, whose testimony 
 we have previously mentioned, has given us 
 repeated statements as to the value of mission 
 work in the lands he has visited in the Far 
 East, during his world tour of 1906-7. 
 
154 THE NE W HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 This witness from without is growing 
 clearer and more decisive. Missions have 
 had to face much ignorant criticism and 
 supercilious disparagement in the past, but 
 there are signs that they are gradually com- 
 ing to their own, and that they will not only 
 be vindicated, but will win more fully than 
 ever before the admiring sympathy and the 
 loving support of the Church of Christ. 
 
LECTURE IV 
 FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 
 
" We are to seek first the Kingdom of God. All organiza- 
 tions, even including the Church, are put secondary. One may 
 be loyal to the Kingdom and at the same time loyal to the 
 Church, because the Church is the means of which the King- 
 dom is the end. The Church will be the centre for influences 
 which reach out and permeate all life. But the Church will 
 eventuate in something more substantial than itself, namely, the 
 Kingdom of God. In recent times it is apparent that the idea 
 of the Kingdom is displacing, in part at least, that of the Church. 
 The great movements of reform, such as the abolition of slavery, 
 while having their roots in the teachings of the Church, are 
 largely conducted on extra-church lines. Thus, in Japan and 
 in China the Young Men's Christian Associations win a confi- 
 dence and support which are not given to denominations. 
 With apostolic fervour and the wisdom of sages these associa- 
 tions have won recognition of which they are well worthy. 
 The laity have shown themselves somewhat in advance of the 
 clergy in calling for essential Christianity, and, in large part, 
 the obliterating of many sectarian distinctions. Unless the 
 Church broadens its borders, and enlarges its conceptions, and 
 humanizes its operations, it will fail to maintain its important 
 position in the world. The power of the Church will grow as 
 it synchronizes its operations with the Kingdom, and learns to 
 work in a regulated and cooperative activity." 
 
 — Shanghai Centenary Missionary Conference. 
 
LECTURE IV 
 
 FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 
 
 THE missionary enterprise, as we have 
 long ago discovered, is a unique 
 potentiality in the world. It has 
 opened new chapters in history ; it has intro- 
 duced new forces into human life and racial 
 progress. In its initial stages, under Chris- 
 tian auspices, it grappled with the mighty 
 Roman Empire— that great symbol of mili- 
 tant world power and efflorescent pagan 
 culture,— and transformed it into a historic 
 influence, which has given a brighter colour- 
 ing, and a distinctly nobler tendency, to the 
 religious, social, and political development of 
 Christendom. In later centuries it entered 
 the British Isles ; it penetrated into the wilds 
 of Northern Europe ; it moulded Teutonic 
 and Slavic development ; it touched a nascent 
 Christendom at many points of vital growth 
 and crucial import. It sailed westward and 
 *57 
 
158 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 eastward, enshrined in the hearts of aspiring 
 explorers and sturdy Puritans. It traversed 
 the caravan routes into distant China ; it 
 plowed its way through the Far Eastern seas, 
 landing on Indian, East Indian, and Japanese 
 shores. At times it has seemed to be baffled 
 and defeated ; yet it has never acknowledged 
 itself to be vanquished, nor accepted failure 
 as its portion. 
 
 In these latter years of history it has as- 
 sumed a more strenuous role of renewed 
 activities, and we have behind us a century 
 of missionary progress, which calls for grat- 
 itude, reveals large possibilities of future 
 advance, and opens vistas of hope in the 
 hidden realm of the Church's destiny and 
 final victory. We are at the present moment 
 evidently turning the pages of what may be 
 called a new chapter in the annals of the 
 kingdom. Its quality of newness does not 
 arise merely from the fact that it has become 
 aggressively missionary, since the mission- 
 ary spirit and aim have been characteristic 
 of Christianity from the beginning, even 
 though at times much hampered, and but 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 59 
 
 dimly revealed. Its newness is rather iden- 
 tified with matters of emphasis, and pertains 
 to the enlargement of activities. It reveals 
 itself in an alert coordination with world 
 changes, in fresh adaptation to the calls of 
 new racial contact, in incisive moulding 
 touches at points of ethical influence, relig- 
 ious enlightenment, intellectual quickening, 
 social reformation, and political readjust- 
 ment. 
 
 Each age of the Church seems to have 
 assigned to it some special service to render, 
 some profound principle to vindicate and 
 establish, some paramount duty to discharge, 
 or some ripe harvest to gather for the enrich- 
 ment of man's religious inheritance. The 
 sphere of service which may be regarded as 
 indicating the function of our own age might 
 be estimated differently from different stand- 
 points, but no intelligent student of the 
 progress of Christ's kingdom could fail to 
 recognize the vital responsibility which rests 
 upon the Church of our day to foster the 
 missionary enterprise as one at least of our 
 foremost duties to the kingdom and to the 
 
160 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 world. We have been diligent students of 
 the past, and in the spheres of historic re- 
 search, literary scrutiny, and theological 
 study, we have been alert critics, and con- 
 servative reconstructionists, according to the 
 light and insight which have been given us. 
 In this stirring, unsettled, and at the same 
 time mobile, and swiftly advancing age, 
 we have a wonderful call of Christian oppor- 
 tunism. It becomes, therefore, our special 
 mission and duty to dedicate ourselves to a 
 noble forward movement in the progress of 
 Christ's kingdom, to a glorified evangelism 
 of world-wide proportions. It is the great 
 mission of the Church in our day not to ex- 
 ploit the past, or to fight over the old battles 
 of a highly scholastic dogmatism, but rather, 
 while holding fast to essential evangelical 
 truth, to improve and possess the present, 
 and make large plans for winning the future. 
 The watchword of the times is, " Go For- 
 ward." We can hear it as clearly as was 
 heard that command which was given to the 
 children of Israel on the shores of the Red 
 Sea, centuries ago. 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM l6l 
 
 This fresh chapter in the missionary annals 
 of the kingdom into which we are now peer- 
 ing seems to be marked by three leading 
 aspects. It is cosmopolitan to an extent 
 hitherto unknown; it reveals unexampled 
 opportunities and calls of privilege; it pre- 
 sents a record of varied and notable achieve- 
 ments, which have changed the outlook of 
 humanity. Its enlarged cosmopolitanism, its 
 increasing opportunity, its striking achieve- 
 ments : in these three aspects of the present- 
 day progress of the kingdom do we not dis- 
 cover the turning of a new leaf in the history 
 of world-redemption ? 
 
 Its cosmopolitan newness is not the result 
 of any change in foundation principles or 
 characteristic aims ; it has come rather with 
 enlargement of vision, realization of responsi- 
 bility, opening of doors of access, and a fresh 
 consecration on the part of the Church to the 
 duty of spiritual prospecting among alien 
 races, and hitherto inaccessible peoples. 
 Since Carey landed in India, not, speaking 
 historically, as the first pioneer missionary, 
 but rather as a forerunner of the modern era : 
 
162 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 since Morrison landed in China ; since Lig- 
 gins, Williams, and Hepburn entered Japan ; 
 and since the opening of the modern mis- 
 sionary campaign in other lands, an immense 
 development of the idea and plan of universal 
 missionary propaganda has taken possession 
 of the Christian consciousness. 
 
 To modern Christendom it has become 
 virtually a fresh revelation in the unfoldings 
 of the kingdom. A new library of mission- 
 ary literature has been issued in connection 
 with it, dealing with history, statistics, en- 
 vironment, difficulties, and successes. The 
 religious press, and especially missionary 
 periodicals, give us columns of detail and 
 incident. Dignified and specialized mission- 
 ary reviews lie upon our tables, containing 
 discussions of the more scholastic and aca- 
 demic aspects of the enterprise, and dealing 
 thoughtfully with the perplexing problems 
 and practical issues which are involved in its 
 successful advance. Mission study has now 
 become a comparatively easy matter ; in fact, 
 we can be almost surcharged with informa- 
 tion, if we are alert to find it. Contrast the op- 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 63 
 
 portunities of familiarizing ourselves with the 
 present status of missions in the world with 
 those accessible to Alexander Duff in 1824, 
 when, with a group of fellow-students at St. 
 Andrews University, he founded a Students' 
 Missionary Society in that ancient seat of 
 learning, with the avowed purpose, to quote 
 from the prospectus, " of studying foreign 
 missions, so as to satisfy themselves of the 
 necessities of the world outside of Christen- 
 dom." The books, magazines, and articles, 
 often found in secular as well as religious 
 journals, the leaflets, diagrams, charts, and 
 the voluminous special literature of various 
 missionary organizations, have become a dis- 
 tinctive feature of the literary output of our 
 day. Church conferences and ecclesiastical 
 assemblies give notable attention to foreign 
 missions ; numerous conventions, followed by 
 extended published reports, are gathered to 
 consider and promote their interests ; classes 
 for specialized study are formed in schools, 
 colleges, and churches ; forward movements 
 are working to stimulate an intelligent zeal ; 
 and mission study schools and assemblies 
 
164 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 convene with the serious purpose of devoting 
 days to continuous study of the subject. A 
 Laymen's Missionary Movement not only ar- 
 rests the attention of our American Churches, 
 but invades Great Britain and receives a 
 noteworthy welcome ; and we submit that all 
 this is something new in the annals of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 There is a large cosmopolitanism also in 
 the outlook and scope of our missionary 
 agencies. They are in no sense self-centered, 
 narrow, and provincial ; they are world-wide 
 in sympathy ; they contemplate distant and 
 alien races as potential members of a uni- 
 versal Christendom, and regard them as 
 rightful heirs of the privileges and fruitions 
 of the Gospel. There is, moreover, an en- 
 larged conception on the part of the Church 
 of the extent and variety of the benefits 
 which may follow and attend successful 
 missionary effort The individualistic view 
 which prevailed in the early missions of the 
 Church, and which was, to a considerable 
 extent, still maintained in the early stages of 
 the missionary revival of the past century, 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 65 
 
 regarding as it did the individual convert as 
 its great, and perhaps sometimes almost its 
 only prize, has not, to be sure, been super- 
 seded or abandoned, and it is to be hoped 
 that it never will be discarded. Its culmi- 
 nating goal of church organization, and the 
 establishment of an objective society for com- 
 munion, culture, and service, will never grow 
 out of date, or cease to be essential as an 
 instrument of religious influence and spiritual 
 expansion. This is no longer, however, the 
 exclusive or limited aim, nor is it a suf- 
 ficiently satisfying interpretation of missions. 
 We have discovered abundant reason to ex- 
 pect larger results, and to hope for more 
 radical and comprehensive reconstruction in 
 the intellectual, social, industrial, and even 
 political and administrative life of backward 
 peoples. The view which regards the rescue 
 of the individual, and his identification with 
 the spiritual forces of the Gospel propaganda, 
 as a fundamental feature of missions, is not 
 discredited in the least, and is assuredly not 
 abandoned. It is still representative and 
 regnant, while at the same time its full 
 
1 66 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 outreaching significance, and its expansive 
 import, have become more apparent, and 
 have rounded out our modern missionary 
 ideal with an auspicious and momentous 
 meaning. 
 
 In the same way the nationalistic or tribal 
 view of missionary progress, which was so 
 largely the governing aim in the medieval 
 period, has been still further expanded. It was 
 in its day a comprehensive and fructifying 
 spirit in the missionary purpose of that age ; 
 yet it would fail now to compass the range of 
 evangelistic effort in this our cosmopolitan 
 age. Barbarous races, heathen tribes, and 
 even whole nations, were included, to be sure, 
 in the magnificent plans of an Augustine, a 
 Columba, a Boniface, an Ansgar, a Cyril, a 
 Methodius, and other religious leaders of the 
 times. Mass conversions of king and people 
 were not unknown, in some few instances by 
 methods quite too militant to meet with our 
 approval ; yet it was thus that the founda- 
 tions of Occidental Christendom began to be 
 laid. We cannot in our present outlook spare 
 either the individualistic aim or the national- 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 67 
 
 istic hope in any adequate conception of our 
 missionary programme, but we have now ad- 
 vanced to a time in the growth of the king- 
 dom, and in the progress of missions, when 
 the whole round world looms up before us in 
 practical and realistic vision, as the great and 
 entrancing goal of effort. An ideal of the 
 universal kingdom begins to thrill us and al- 
 lure us. We are not intimating that this 
 breadth of vision and largeness of aim are 
 not found in the original charter of missions ; 
 they are there potentially, and the missionary 
 leaders in all ages have been under their 
 sway ; but they have never captured the con- 
 sciences and inspired the hopes of so large a 
 proportion of the serious and sincere element 
 in our whole Christian community as at the 
 present time. The entire outlook of missions 
 has been expanded, ennobled, and transfig- 
 ured in the eyes of the more devout and spir- 
 itual members of our Churches, and that con- 
 spicuously, within a generation, almost, I 
 might say, within a decade. 
 
 We are all interested and touched by the 
 individualistic incidents of the campaign, and 
 
168 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 we find much that is inspiring and rewarding 
 in the study of the great nationalistic devel- 
 opments of medieval and modern history, es- 
 pecially that outcome of Christian civilization 
 which can be traced all through the Christian 
 centuries. As a feature of denominational 
 enterprise, our various ecclesiastical organi- 
 zations have become attached and specially 
 attracted to the missionary work which they 
 have conducted among different races. Each 
 Church has found a distinct inspiration, and 
 has secured a reward all its own in connec- 
 tion with the gifts, the prayers, and the sac- 
 rifices, as well as the hopes, which have cen- 
 tered largely in those special fields among 
 those chosen races where its missionary ef- 
 forts have been expended. But is it not true 
 that a larger interest and a broader vision is 
 now enlisting the attention of all the Churches? 
 The universal Christian heart is adjusting it- 
 self to the conception of a great world victory, 
 which is destined to become, as we are able 
 to bear it, the absorbing, inspirational motive 
 of the missionary movement of the whole 
 Church of Christ. Nothing, I take it, will 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 69 
 
 have a more irresistible influence in establish- 
 ing an interdenominational status of brother- 
 hood and federated cooperation than the call 
 of universal missions addressed to the united 
 hearts of all ecclesiastical communions. 
 
 We are thus being graduated from prelimi- 
 nary courses of study and training, and are 
 now facing new conditions, in which we enter, 
 not without grave responsibilities, upon an 
 era of momentous and united struggle for the 
 mastery of the world. In this campaign we 
 shall, it is to be hoped, enlist a native army 
 of zealous converts and evangelists to assume 
 with us in friendly cooperation the responsi- 
 bility and the high rewards of finally success- 
 ful achievement. It will be meanwhile, how- 
 ever, a time of testing for the home Church. 
 God's Providence is manifestly turning a page 
 in the unfoldings of the divine purpose, the 
 meaning of which is expansion. Will the 
 Church be alert and attentive? Our Lord, 
 who is sometimes represented as standing at 
 a closed door and knocking, now stands at 
 an open door and beckons. Will the Church 
 respond ? " Watchman, what of the night ? " 
 
170 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 has usually been interpreted as addressed to 
 the foreign missionary at his outpost, waiting 
 and watching for the dawn to illumine the 
 darkness of heathenism. One is tempted to 
 ask, does not the question under present con- 
 ditions apply quite as well to the pastors and 
 leaders of Christendom, waiting and watch- 
 ing for increasing signs of spiritual earnest- 
 ness and sacrificial loyalty on the part of the 
 home Church ? 
 
 We can surely do far better than any past 
 record we have maintained during the 
 slumbrous and relaxed centuries which have 
 gone. " God is not in all his thoughts " was 
 a sign of spiritual degeneracy in the Psalmist's 
 day; in our present era of vastly extended 
 opportunity, and consequent responsibility, 
 would it not be quite as grievous a lapse if it 
 should be justly said of the Church, " God's 
 world is not in all its thoughts " ? The out- 
 look for missions to those who entered the 
 service a half century ago, was very different 
 from the prospect which opens to a candidate 
 accepting his appointment in 1908. The 
 new mission recruit at the present time steps 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 171 
 
 into the ranks at an hour of triumphant ad- 
 vance. He will keep step in the victorious 
 march of the new century. 
 
 Another, and a very striking feature of 
 this new chapter in the annals of the king- 
 dom is its wonderful unfolding of opportunity 
 to the Church. No such age has dawned in 
 the history of redemption as the one in which 
 we are privileged to pray and serve. " Eye 
 hath not seen, nor ear heard" might have 
 been said concerning this grand feature of 
 our age a few generations ago. There have 
 been periods which have witnessed events of 
 more crucial import ; there have been times 
 of culmination, fruition, and momentous 
 change in the providential unfoldings of re- 
 ligious history, which may have surpassed 
 the present in significance and promise ; but 
 for the lifting up of heads that the glory of 
 Christ's passing through the gates of world 
 conquest may appear, for the opening of 
 doors of access to all races of mankind, for 
 the testing and challenging of the spirit of 
 service and sacrifice in His people, for the 
 call of a world addressed to a spiritually en- 
 
172 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 dowed, well equipped, and thoroughly com- 
 petent Church, this age surely takes pre- 
 cedence of every other in its facilities for 
 expansion, and its supremacy of privilege. 
 
 Whichever way we turn — north, south, 
 east, or west — we find a clear and open path 
 of opportunity away to the farthest horizon. 
 It is not always an easy path, nor is it free 
 from discouragements and perils, but it is 
 one which Providence has opened for us, and 
 it presents no obstacle which cannot be faced 
 and overcome by courage and zeal. The last 
 half century in Japan has thrown open a great 
 and puissant nation to the friendly entrance 
 of Christianity. Korea has been aroused as 
 by a bugle-call. The recent upturnings and 
 revolutionary changes in China have brought 
 that great empire into the swift current of 
 modern progress. India is awakened and 
 receptive ; its very restlessness being in part 
 a sign of moral and social discontent with 
 past conditions, and indicative of a vague 
 longing for uplift and betterment. Africa is 
 becoming more and more conscious of its 
 backwardness and degradation, while a great 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 73 
 
 light is falling silently into its darkness. 
 From every direction new possibilities beckon 
 the Church, and the way thus seems open for 
 earnest and hopeful appeal to the better nature 
 of all mankind. It is an age hospitable to re- 
 constructive forces and regenerating influ- 
 ences. The opportunity everywhere has 
 broadened, and it is more intensive, as well as 
 more extensive in its promise, and it was 
 never more potentially helpful. In the book of 
 the Revelation it is said of the Church in 
 Philadelphia : " Behold, I have set before 
 thee an open door, and no man can shut 
 it." The door of an accessible world set 
 open before the Church of our age is more 
 than a mere imaginative symbol ; it is a fact 
 majestic in its realism, and one of the most 
 impressive things which the Spirit in our 
 time saith to the Churches. 
 
 We have still to note as a marked charac- 
 teristic of this new chapter in the annals of 
 the kingdom the varied and notable achieve- 
 ments which may be identified with the 
 progress of missions. We are all more or 
 less familiar with the salient features of mis- 
 
174 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 sionary success under the usual classifica- 
 tion of evangelistic, educational, literary, 
 philanthropic, and industrial lines of activity. 
 The record is spread before us in much de- 
 tail, and we can lay our hands upon a 
 voluminous literature dealing with every 
 important aspect of the subject. It has be- 
 come, in fact, a question whether this plethora 
 of books, magazines, newspaper articles, 
 leaflets, bulletins, diagrams, charts, illumi- 
 nated wall-cards, and special literature of 
 various missionary movements, with numer- 
 ous conventions, conferences, summer schools, 
 and study classes, does not at times almost 
 overtax a receptive mind. It seems to bulk 
 so large before diligent searchers for mis- 
 sionary information that the emblazoned de- 
 tails may sometimes have a paralyzing and 
 wearying effect upon the sensibilities. It has 
 seemed to me, therefore, that for our present 
 purpose it would not be inappropriate to pay 
 but scant attention to the ordinary routine of 
 missionary apologetics, and to endeavour in 
 the few moments remaining to direct your 
 attention to some of the less familiar aspects 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 75 
 
 of the successful campaign which missions 
 are prosecuting in many lands. We may- 
 take the time, however, to note hastily, in 
 passing, the dignity and value of the work 
 already done, and the magnitude of the agen- 
 cies and facilities which are just now dedi- 
 cated to missionary service throughout the 
 world. These missionary triumphs are as 
 worthy of our admiration as are all the cathe- 
 drals of Christendom. 
 
 The potential value of the native convert 
 as a self-propagating force in church exten- 
 sion is full of promise. Already communi- 
 cants approaching in number to very near 
 two million souls are trophies of a spiritual 
 conquest which confirms anew the unfailing 
 energy of the Gospel, while the intellectual 
 awakening which has stirred great nations, 
 or has started ancient, and, in some instances, 
 still savage races upon new careers of prog- 
 ress, forms a noble tribute to the educational 
 benefits of missions. Back of the vanishing 
 pall of ignorance which has shrouded so long 
 the mental progress of undeveloped yet capa- 
 ble races will lie historically the missionary 
 
176 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 school and college. The same may be said 
 of the printed page, by which numerous lan- 
 guages, some of them given over largely 
 to emptiness and vanity, have been made 
 vehicles of instruction and inspiration. That 
 path of light which has grown broader and 
 brighter with the development of literary 
 capacity, and the growth of a modern in- 
 digenous literature in the great language 
 areas of the non-Christian world, found, in 
 many instances, its beginning in those first 
 faint flashes of illuminating truth which were 
 emitted from the preliminary proof-sheets 
 which some pioneer missionary seized long 
 ago, with joyous enthusiasm, from his little 
 mission press in the early spasms of its 
 activity. The enrichment of native litera- 
 ture by translations of the Bible, and the 
 infusion of the best thought of Western 
 Christendom, combined with the philological 
 and lexicographical achievements of mission- 
 ary students, with the resultant stimulus to an 
 all-round mental activity along modern lines 
 of study and research, now give promise of a 
 new intellectual era among backward races. 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 77 
 
 Again, in the sphere of philanthropy, what 
 a huge burden of pain and misery has been 
 lifted from suffering humanity. The medical 
 ministry of missions, with its vastly extended 
 facilities, destined to develop along lines of 
 permanent usefulness, has rendered a service 
 to smitten and helpless millions in distant 
 lands which it would be impossible adequately 
 to describe. Hospitals, medical schools, and 
 training schools for nurses are beneficent 
 features of the universal missionary pro- 
 gramme. In addition, kindly and generous 
 provision has been made for the orphan, the 
 abandoned child, the helpless widow, the 
 tempted, bereft, and struggling waif, the 
 leper, the imbecile, the inebriate, the blind, 
 the deaf and dumb, the opium victim, the 
 released prisoner, the freed slave, and, in 
 some instances, the defective and the insane. 
 There is something incomparably precious 
 and beautiful in what missions have done for 
 imperilled childhood throughout the worM. 
 
 We must not forget to note also the serv- 
 ice to economic progress which has been 
 accomplished in the quickening of indolent 
 
178 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 lives, and the awakening in native communi- 
 ties of a readiness, and often a desire for 
 work. Missions have given a valuable stim- 
 ulus to industrial instincts where they have 
 been almost atrophied by neglect, and have 
 helped to solve the problem of a living wage 
 amid changing conditions. The spirit of 
 sober toil and honest labour has been in- 
 voked, to quench the passion for plunder, 
 and banish the habit of wasteful idleness. 
 A desire for wholesome occupation, and, in 
 many instances, an attachment to rewarding 
 toil, have been awakened. Hands which, if 
 not destructive, were practically useless have 
 been led to render valuable contributions 
 toward the extension of skilled industries, 
 and the promotion of social happiness and 
 comfort. Stagnant resources which have 
 lain imbedded in dormant native capacity 
 have been given scope in varied spheres of 
 activity, as well as in the wide realm of 
 artistic genius and inventive skill. The 
 riches of the soil and the treasures of under- 
 lying strata are being sought out by the 
 alert intelligence and busy hands of the 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 79 
 
 native disciples of missionary artisans and 
 instructors. These five lines of effort — evan- 
 gelistic, educational, literary, philanthropic, 
 and industrial — if traced in detail, will yield 
 abundant and ever fresh material for an in- 
 creasingly effective apologetic vindication of 
 the usefulness and far-reaching influence of 
 missions. 
 
 Parallel with these main lines, however, 
 and sometimes interlaced with them, are less 
 conspicuous, but closely allied, side lines of 
 influence, which can be traced in no insig- 
 nificant degree to missionary sources. No 
 complete horoscope of missions can be made 
 at the present stage of progress without 
 giving careful attention to the outreaching 
 power of these indirect and secondary re- 
 sults, which already indicate that the modern 
 missionary movement has developed into an 
 all-round reconstructive agency for promoting 
 human progress. Its ministry as an instru- 
 ment of social reform introducing an era of 
 progress has produced remarkable transfor- 
 mations in ancient customs and popular tra- 
 ditions. The improved domestic life, the 
 
180 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 subtle recasting of public opinion, the quiet 
 uplift of standards of character, the trans- 
 figuration of personal habits, the stimulus to 
 personal virtues, are all illustrative of the 
 social helpfulness of missions. The disinte- 
 gration of cruel, vulgar, and vicious customs, 
 especially those which sadden and degrade 
 the lot of woman ; the ministry of tenderness 
 and protection rendered to childhood, in- 
 cluding the increasingly victorious campaign 
 against footbinding; the fight to overcome 
 the awful wrongs of slavery and the slave- 
 trade, and to banish brutal ordeals, human 
 sacrifices, and cannibal orgies ; the awaken- 
 ing of humane instincts toward the defec- 
 tive, afflicted, and dependent classes ; and 
 the sanitary purification of the disease-breed- 
 ing environment of uncleanly homes and 
 pestilential villages — are further examples of 
 the tendencies toward social renewal which 
 missions inaugurate. The general enlight- 
 enment of society, which enables it to banish 
 superstition, to discredit brooding fears, to 
 throw off the burdens of idolatry and witch- 
 craft, to escape from the incubus of ignorant 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM l8l 
 
 and childish credulity, to break the spell of 
 the glorified cow, the transfigured monkey, 
 and the whole strange medley of inanimate 
 fetiches, as well as the entire brood of evil 
 spirits which throng the haunted imagination 
 of the sons of superstition — the enlighten- 
 ment, I say, which delivers the life of a 
 whole community from such delusions, and 
 their power to debase and afflict the social 
 life, becomes a blessing of incalculable 
 value. 
 
 The touch of missions upon national life 
 is also becoming more and more apparent. 
 Educated and enlightened citizenship is a 
 national asset of high value. The belated 
 call of destiny that now summons nations 
 which have long been left behind in the 
 world's advance includes a demand for better 
 men in places of trust, for more intelligent 
 agents in the promotion and conservation of 
 public interests, and for a more responsive 
 and alert citizenship to keep step in the march 
 of progress. If traditional methods of leg- 
 islation and old forms of administrative pro- 
 cedure are to be changed for the better, if 
 
182 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 authority is to become a more sacred trust, 
 and the judicial function a more exacting and 
 responsible service, if patriotism is to be re- 
 fined, and liberty is to be chastened and made 
 an instrument of blessing — then a nobler class 
 of men must be produced and trained for 
 this nobler era. If modern civilization, with 
 all its marvellous resources, is to be grafted 
 upon an ancient national life, and become a 
 part of the sturdy growth of the wild tree 
 which has borne its own fruitful blossoms for 
 ages, then the nation manifestly needs men of 
 intelligence, sagacity, discernment, and clear 
 vision, to supervise, to execute, and to adjust 
 the popular temper and the national capabil- 
 ities to these new conditions. The alert 
 Japanese seeing this have put groups of their 
 most promising young men to school in the 
 Occident ; the missionary, however, does his 
 part, not less vital and important, by open- 
 ing an Occidental school, both of religious 
 and general culture, in the home environ- 
 ment of alien peoples, and by this means 
 developing an indigenous manhood and 
 womanhood, prepared to serve the nation, 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 183 
 
 and take up the nobler and more responsible 
 tasks of the new age. 
 
 Ancient Eastern nations, as well as those 
 rude races which are just emerging from 
 savagery, are old in years, and can probably 
 count their chronology by centuries, even by 
 millenniums, but in other respects, and judged 
 by modern standards, they are still immature 
 and undeveloped, having just reached that 
 age of transition from arrested national 
 development to an era of growth under 
 modern world conditions — corresponding to 
 the period which we are accustomed to re- 
 gard as so critical in individual experience, 
 when childhood and youth are being left 
 behind, and the growth into manhood or 
 womanhood begins. We can hardly take up 
 a book, or glance at an article in current 
 literature, treating of nations or tribes out- 
 side the boundaries of Christendom, which 
 does not ring the changes on the awakening, 
 quickening, progressive, and reconstructive 
 features of the times. Change and renewal, 
 revolution and reform, signs and portents, 
 are on every page of contemporary annals. 
 
184 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 It is flowering time in the Far East ; the 
 hour of mighty renaissance has struck in the 
 consciousness of backward nations. 
 
 Native races which have hitherto been nar- 
 row and self-centered in their outlook have 
 had their vision enlarged, and out of ages of 
 brooding darkness has come to light a new 
 world of which they begin dimly, yet tena- 
 ciously, to discern that they are themselves a 
 part. They discover at the same time the 
 inspiring opportunity which is presented to 
 make the most of themselves, and to take 
 their allotted places among the progressive 
 nations of the world. It is at this critical 
 period that the message of modern missions is 
 ready, with its helpful and inspiring, as well 
 as chastening and refining influence. Na- 
 tions startled and dazed by the strange and 
 mysterious import of the times find that there 
 is already with them a preacher of good 
 tidings, a teacher of a new civilization, an 
 exemplar of a new code of living, an intelli- 
 gent and experienced guide along the un- 
 known path, standing ready to lead them. 
 They are coming to regard him as a disinter- 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 85 
 
 ested and sympathetic friend, with a wholly- 
 sincere and really helpful message, free from 
 any spirit of diplomatic intrigue, and not 
 imbued with aggressive political aims, or 
 with grasping commercial designs. The 
 missionary is now coming to his own among 
 the nations, as representing, however imper- 
 fectly, a sort of secondary incarnation, his 
 person and his life strangely luminous with 
 the reflected light of the great sacrifice, reso- 
 lutely identified with a new code of morals, 
 and charged with electric currents of love and 
 sympathy. 
 
 Then again, in this era of new internation- 
 alism we can discover in the influence and 
 power of the missionary evangel, great pos- 
 sibilities of a mediating function of special 
 timeliness and value. It will not be marked 
 by the formalities of diplomacy, but it will be 
 none the less persuasive and helpful as a con- 
 ciliating and mutually restraining influence, 
 not altogether dissociated, perhaps, from the 
 personal character and the kindly attitude of 
 the missionary himself, while much more ef- 
 fective in the Christian spirit it has infused 
 
186 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 into the temper of native leadership, and the 
 more or less unconscious sway it exercises 
 over responsible statesmanship. It is highly- 
 important that the interchange of diplomacy 
 and commerce should not be separated from 
 the leaven of religious sympathy, and that the 
 kindly intercourse and mutual trust of nations 
 should be cemented by the spiritual forces of 
 Christian brotherhood. The world has grown 
 more compact in the present generation than 
 ever before A hitherto unknown solidarity 
 is creeping into national relationships. The 
 so-called Far East is really no longer the Far 
 East ; the brown man and his yellow confrere 
 cannot be considered in our present day iso- 
 lated and negligible factors in international 
 affairs. Let us not forget that it is possible 
 greatly to minimize peril and unrest in the 
 world's arena, if the brown man or the yellow 
 man should become a Christian brother, in- 
 stead of remaining the bigoted, possibly the 
 hostile disciple of an alien faith. China as a 
 heathen power, untouched by Christian in- 
 fluences, may become a yellow, yes, even a 
 blood-red peril to the world ; Japan under the 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 187 
 
 sway of motives and instincts such as lurk in 
 her past history may, under the stimulus of 
 national and racial ambition, become a for- 
 midable menace to the world's peace. 
 
 The new Japan has astonished and aroused 
 the nations ; the new China seems likely to 
 startle and profoundly to move the world. 
 There are very sobering problems lurking in 
 the Far East, and if Christendom would deal 
 wisely with them, there is no better, safer, and 
 easier way to forestall possible trouble than 
 to annex spiritually Eastern hearts in the 
 bonds of the Gospel, and thus to show in the 
 spirit of our own diplomacy that we are dis- 
 ciples of the Golden Rule. The delimitation 
 of frontiers between the brown man and the 
 white man, the adjustment of interests between 
 the yellow man and his Western neighbours, 
 will be a far less perilous task if across the 
 boundary-lines eyes that shine with the light 
 of brotherhood look into eyes that glow with 
 the love of Christ. The possibilities offered 
 in meeting an Eastern diplomacy controlled 
 by the Christian spirit may be profitably con- 
 trasted with those involved in facing Eastern 
 
1 88 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 hordes, equipped with all the facilities of 
 modern warfare, under the fierce leadership 
 of some Genghis Khan of the twentieth cen- 
 tury. A new alignment is being swiftly- 
 formed among the nations. Who will inter- 
 pret the West to the East, and who will voice 
 the East to the West in terms each can under- 
 stand and appreciate ? Western civilization 
 or diplomacy, much less military prowess in 
 the spirit of exclusive and patronizing supe- 
 riority, cannot doit ; the political systems and 
 the commercial interests of the Occident are 
 greatly handicapped ; the social codes and 
 the intellectual concepts of the people of the 
 West are all more or less alien and strange ; 
 but the look, the voice, the very tones of the 
 inner spirit of Christianity are suggestive of 
 brotherhood. They kindle mutual sympathy 
 and appreciation ; they reconcile hearts ; they 
 lead instinctively to clasped hands. 
 
 One cannot but be impressed with the fact 
 that great changes are pending in the rela- 
 tionship of the East and the West. A mighty 
 struggle may be imminent, in which moral 
 forces will have a vital and strenuous part to 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 189 
 
 play. It will be worth much to both parties, 
 in case such an issue should come, if instead 
 of a wholly alien East, and an unsympathetic 
 and self-centered West, we may have a basis 
 of mutual friendship, and a neutral meeting- 
 ground of religious sympathy, where we shall 
 be able to say to one another, " Come now, 
 and let us reason together." Perhaps before 
 we know it native statesmen of Christian 
 training will step into high places of power in 
 Far-Eastern cabinets, and in the spirit of John 
 Hay serve the new internationalism. We 
 have already good evidence that the influence 
 of missions is sweetening and sanctifying all 
 our relations to alien races. Commercial 
 methods where the Christian spirit has its 
 own way are more considerate and fair ; 
 statesmanship is more sane and kindly ; im- 
 perial policies are more wise and restrained ; 
 national tempers are more patient and chari- 
 table ; humanitarian movements are more 
 generous and spontaneous — because of the 
 international and interracial helpfulness of 
 missions. The menace of the Moslem, which 
 was once curbed at Tours, but even now 
 
190 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 still threatens in such secret movements as 
 that of the Sinousis in Africa, may trouble the 
 world again, if a Pan-Islamic ambition cannot 
 eventually be checked by a Pan-Christian 
 friendship. The trend of events in this new 
 century will be identified with a solidarity of 
 races and a community of life, which will need 
 as never before in history the brooding in- 
 fluence of the Beatitudes and the benign sway 
 of the Golden Rule. 
 
 The race problems which already occasion 
 us anxiety, if left to ferment, and to develop 
 the latent antagonisms which underlie them, 
 may prove to be a grave peril to the peace and 
 happiness of the world. I submit that, if it 
 can have an opportunity to exercise its power, 
 there is nothing in the long run which 
 will secure a happier or a more effective 
 solution of racial perils than the spirit which 
 successful missionary service will awaken 
 between the nation which sends a group of 
 kindly and unselfish men and women to min- 
 ister to human hearts, in the name of Christ, 
 and the nation which receives their ministry 
 with responsive recognition of its value, and 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 191 
 
 at last gratefully acknowledges its helpful- 
 ness, and realizes effectually its self-propa- 
 gating and gladdening power. The time is 
 surely coming when great races eventually to 
 be Christianized will render honour to the 
 memory of the pioneer missionaries who first 
 came to them with the tidings of Christ. They 
 will no more think of heaping contumely 
 upon them than we good Americans would 
 be inclined to erect some dishonouring and 
 scornful monument to our Pilgrim Fathers. 
 In that vast arena of new international rela- 
 tions and new racial contacts we may even 
 now discover the Christ, with His undoubted 
 mastery of world conditions. He is con- 
 trolling and guiding those mighty but silent 
 spiritual forces which are represented in 
 modern missionary enterprise, for the ac- 
 complishment of His own designs among the 
 nations. It is not too much to say that the 
 ideal influence which a kindly and helpful 
 missionary service is capable of exerting may 
 be likened to a new international beatitude 
 voicing itself above the tumult and clash of 
 interracial struggles. " Blessed are the meek, 
 
192 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 for they shall inherit the earth," might be 
 interpreted as signifying with only a slight 
 variation in the sentiment : " Blessed are 
 the missionaries, for they shall win the 
 world." " Blessed are the peacemakers, for 
 they shall be called the children of God," 
 might in its international aspects be read : 
 " Blessed are the missionaries, for they shall 
 be called the messengers of God among the 
 nations." The best work which has been 
 done by Christian nations in the sphere of 
 colonial enterprise has been nobly supple- 
 mented, and even sometimes happily inspired 
 by the missionary spirit. 
 
 Had we time to dwell upon it, an effective 
 brief might be made out for missions as a 
 stimulus to commerce, and a helpful factor 
 in the development of trade. The contribu- 
 tions, moreover, which missionaries have 
 made to the scientific knowledge of the 
 world, especially by their service as explorers, 
 geographers, anthropologists, archaeologists, 
 lexicographers, philologists, and sociologists, 
 are worthy of careful attention. Their literary 
 labours as interpreters, historians, students of 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 193 
 
 comparative religion, and commentators on 
 the contemporary life of the world, issued in 
 our own as well as in foreign languages, are 
 already of high value to the student of world 
 conditions. 
 
 There is still another outcome of mission 
 progress, which is worthy of a more extended 
 notice than we can give it here. We refer to 
 its reflex influence upon home Christianity. 
 Missionary success has brought to our home 
 Christianity a measure of spiritual invigora- 
 tion, enhancing its apologetic power, enlarg- 
 ing its vision, coordinating it with world 
 changes, enriching and making more prac- 
 tical its theology, interpreting more fully the 
 heart of Christ, and glorifying the outlook 
 and the outreach of the Gospel. The most 
 conspicuous service in this sphere which mis- 
 sions seem to be rendering just at present is 
 the stimulus they are giving to plans of co- 
 operation and federation among our home 
 Churches. We have now almost forgotten 
 the strength of those currents of denomina- 
 tional zeal which a generation or more ago 
 set in the direction of a reproduction of a 
 
194 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Baptist, a Methodist, a Presbyterian, a Con- 
 gregational, a Lutheran, or an Episcopal 
 form of Christianity in mission fields. The 
 tendency to exclusiveness has not altogether 
 disappeared, but it is giving place more and 
 more to inclusive plans along the lines of 
 federation, rather than of segregation. Ec- 
 clesiastical delimitation is growing less at- 
 tractive, and is coming to be regarded as in 
 fact unnecessary and embarrassing. The 
 sectarian spirit in mission fields does not work 
 well. It may have been in the past a useful, 
 and possibly a necessary feature of church 
 expansion and doctrinal development in 
 Christendom, but there is after all something 
 narrowing, provincial, and divisive, from a 
 missionary standpoint, in the ideal of a uni- 
 versal Methodism, itself subdivided into vari- 
 ous branches, and the same may be said of 
 the rather imaginative conception of a world- 
 embracing but variegated Presbyterianism, 
 or an all-absorbing Episcopalianism. 
 
 Sectarian effort, especially in its ultra and 
 eccentric developments, spells confusion of a 
 very embarrassing and troublesome kind in 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 1 95 
 
 the mind of the average convert in mission 
 fields. It means also very cumbersome 
 methods of work, and a needless increase of 
 expense. It will no doubt be desirable and 
 necessary, for a somewhat indefinite period, 
 to maintain the old lines here at home, and to 
 work through denominational boards and 
 organizations, since we can hardly conceive 
 at present of any other way of enlisting the 
 energy and esprit de corps of the Churches ; 
 yet, while this may be wise, there seems to 
 be no good reason why we should not all 
 cordially cooperate in minimizing denomina- 
 tional differences, and magnifying evangel- 
 ical agreement. In the foreign field, how- 
 ever, it would be wiser, according to an 
 almost universal consensus of missionary 
 opinion, for the Church to give up trying to 
 perpetuate the scholastic doctrinal contro- 
 versies, and the historic denominational dis- 
 tinctions of the West. The federation idea 
 at home is a hopeful move in the direction of 
 a larger, simpler, more inclusive, and more 
 cooperative Christianity. We must expect 
 that the Church of Christ in mission fields 
 
196 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 will go a step farther, and seek for spiritual 
 freedom, and plan to a greater or less extent 
 for a church development released from the 
 denominational restraints of the West. 
 
 The Churches of mission fields, happily, 
 have as yet escaped the embarrassments of 
 State control, and we must take it for granted 
 that under the influence of a fresh and un- 
 trammelled comprehension of the Gospel in 
 its Biblical simplicity they will formulate for 
 themselves a simple creedal basis, with a 
 more or less modified polity, suited to their 
 environment and tastes, and thus enter upon 
 their own course of spiritual culture and 
 evangelistic service. Our particular formulae 
 of doctrine, our various elaborate systems of 
 polity, our methods of worship and work, 
 and our wealth of spiritual experience, as 
 embodied in our literature and history, will 
 no doubt be invaluable in their suggestive- 
 ness, but we must not be disappointed if 
 mission Churches should follow ecclesiastical 
 lines of their own choosing, and interpret 
 Christian truth in terms of their individual 
 insight. They will have their own problems 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 197 
 
 and perils, and they must find their way to 
 a goal of spiritual stability and impregnable 
 conviction, not through servile imitation of 
 the West, but along lines of personal expe- 
 rience and spiritual growth, in prayerful de- 
 pendence upon God, who giveth life, light, 
 and guidance to all who seek His aid. The 
 watchword of missionary ecclesiasticism has 
 become a broadly evangelical unification of 
 creed and polity, or if not altogether as 
 radical as this, then at least a practical 
 cooperation and unity of working agencies. 
 An undenominational Christianity for all 
 Japan, for all Korea, for all China, for all 
 India, would seem to be the comprehensive, 
 though as yet distant, ideal toward the reali- 
 zation of which missionary and native leaders 
 are working. 
 
 This development in mission fields is con- 
 fessedly exerting a powerful reflex influence 
 in shaping the tendency of ecclesiastical 
 movements in the home Church. The re- 
 union of Christendom, so far at least as its 
 Protestant elements are concerned, has long 
 been sought after wistfully, discussed academ- 
 
198 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 ically, idealized rhetorically, and cherished 
 vaguely as a millennial hope, in religious 
 circles at home ; but in our foreign mission 
 fields the ideal has begun to throb in the heart 
 life of brothers in Christ, of whatever Church 
 fold or whatever national allegiance. It has 
 stretched itself out in hands of cooperation ; 
 it has realized in a measure the possibility 
 of such a consummation, and has stirred the 
 sensibilities of Christendom to practical effort 
 in the same direction. Is the reunion of 
 Christendom, we cannot help asking, finally 
 to come as a reward for the missionary de- 
 votion and sacrifice of the Church ? 
 
 Once more, is there not destined to be a 
 reflex gain of as yet unknown value in the 
 contribution which our mission fields in their 
 spiritual growth and fully developed culture 
 may make to the sum total of Christian his- 
 tory, and the cumulative impress of Chris- 
 tianity upon mankind ? It was the judgment 
 of some of the Western delegates to the 
 recent conferences at Tokyo and Shanghai 
 that if, by any almost unthinkable chance, 
 some disastrous disability, some enfeebling 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 199 
 
 collapse, should come to Western Christen- 
 dom, Oriental Christians, even though as yet 
 but a Gideon's Band, are already prepared 
 to fight a good fight on behalf of Chris- 
 tianity, and lead it on to its final victory. It 
 is a question whether there is not in the 
 Oriental nature, at its best, a capacity for 
 glorifying religious life, especially in its as- 
 pects of reverential worship, of contemplative 
 insight, of sympathetic attachment to the 
 unseen, and of responsive loyalty to Christ, 
 which may enable it to contribute an added 
 charm and a winsome attractiveness to the 
 Christian world. Bishop Westcott once re- 
 marked that, in his judgment, the adequate 
 commentary upon St. John would never be 
 written until India is converted. We have 
 reached surely a psychological moment in 
 the unfoldings of Christian history. 
 
 We have been accustomed to look upon 
 foreign missions as wholly sacrificial on the 
 part of Christendom, and with no prospect 
 of adequate return. The Churches of the 
 home land have been regarded as merely 
 generous, possibly to some minds magnani- 
 
200 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 mous, bearers of gifts to the non-Christian 
 races, with little hope of any present or per- 
 sonal reward. The idea that anything of 
 stimulating helpfulness or practical useful- 
 ness would be received in exchange has 
 hardly been entertained ; but of late quite a 
 new conception has seemed to enter the con- 
 sciousness of the Church. The need of in- 
 spirational vigour in Western Christianity is 
 beginning to be keenly felt ; will it come to 
 us from our mission fields ? It is confessedly 
 an age of intellectual unrest, unsettling doubt, 
 and grave peril to the spiritual life ; shall we 
 have a lesson of faith, a message of hope, an 
 example of loyalty, a bugle-call to courage, 
 from the Christians of other lands? Is Ex 
 Oriente Lux to come true once more ? Is it 
 not an hour when we may wisely, and with 
 devout expectation, adapt Tennyson's prayer, 
 applying it to the whole Oriental world ? 
 
 "O Father, touch the East, and light 
 The light that shone when Hope was born." 
 
 Who can adequately estimate the effect 
 upon the home Church of great evangelical 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 201 
 
 awakenings in mission lands — mighty spirit- 
 ual movements which would touch the heart 
 of all India, arrest the attention of all China, 
 win the allegiance of all Korea, and capture 
 the soul of Japan ? Are we prepared as yet 
 fully to appreciate the measure of spiritual 
 vitality which Christianity has derived from 
 the contemplation of martyrdom as a test 
 which can still be successfully applied to the 
 Christianity of modern days, as was exempli- 
 fied in that dread ordeal of 1900 in China? 
 It is worthy of note, too, that Chinese Chris- 
 tians were selected to bear this test, rather 
 than the cultured children of light in Chris- 
 tendom. God, surely, seems to believe in 
 the mission convert, and is ready to trust 
 him. Then again, missions are offering an 
 enlarged and inspirational sphere of activity 
 to the fresh and youthful enthusiasm of the 
 Church. The Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation, and so also the Young Women's, the 
 Student Volunteer Movement, the Society 
 of Christian Endeavour, and other similar 
 organizations which have given scope to 
 much of the latent energy of the Church, 
 
202 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 have been led to a deepening of consecration, 
 a broadening of aim, and an enthusiasm in 
 service, especially as rendered among young 
 and impressionable hearts in the Orient, 
 which has assuredly quickened the vitality 
 of the Churches. There is also much latent 
 energy which the Church needs in the awak- 
 ening evangelical and evangelistic spirit of 
 the Orient. Taking the Oriental at his best, 
 and regarding him not as a hopeless spiritual 
 degenerate, but rather as a man of immense 
 religious capabilities, may we not hope that 
 as a believer in Christ he will reinforce Chris- 
 tianity in any possible struggle which may 
 be coming, and prove a valued and valiant 
 defender of its mystical claims ? 
 
 If this seems like idealizing missions, read 
 again your Isaiah, turn the leaves of your 
 Psalms, seek the " goodly fellowship of the 
 prophets " in their exultant moods, when they 
 sing their songs of hope and cheer. God 
 Himself is surely the great idealizer of mis- 
 sions in both the Old and New Testaments. 
 We can trace as yet only in dim outline the 
 vision which He unfolds in His prophetic 
 
FRESH ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM 203 
 
 Word. The conversion of the Gentile world 
 is still to us an obscure, and somewhat un- 
 real contingency, regarded by many as wholly 
 visionary within the limits of our present age, 
 though perhaps possible in the millennium. 
 We are not, to be sure, so dazed and startled 
 by the unflinching tones of Scripture on this 
 subject as were the Jews when Paul preached 
 to them the incoming of the Gentiles, but to 
 many in the Church of to-day the whole ques- 
 tion of missionary duty and success, if not 
 tinged occasionally with something like 
 Jewish resentment, is one of languid interest 
 or passive scepticism. 
 
 It becomes, then, one of the highest and 
 timeliest duties of the pastorate in this age 
 to arrest the attention, awaken the sympathy, 
 and enlist the zeal of the Churches in the 
 world interests and the world progress of the 
 kingdom. I think I discover in our theolog- 
 ical seminaries a freshly responsive attitude 
 to this cosmopolitan opportunity of the age. 
 Men are entering the ministry as servants of 
 the kingdom both at home and abroad. 
 They are cultivating a sense of partnership 
 
204 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 with Christ in His great campaign for world 
 victory, and whether they serve in the home 
 Church or the foreign field, they serve in the 
 spirit of allegiance to a Master who loves all 
 men, and who seeks the help of His follow- 
 ers in winning the heart of the race, and in 
 making eventually a godlike humanity in a 
 redeemed world. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTI- 
 ANITY TO OTHER RELIGIONS 
 
 {An Address delivered at the Parliament of Re- 
 ligions, Chicago, Illinois, l8pj) 
 
" In Christianity the soul breathes the native air of the world 
 for which it was born, and meets the announcement and expe- 
 rience of the truth for which it was made. Consequently it is 
 the lower elements in the soul's life that draw it away from 
 Christ, while the worthiest elements are responsive to His 
 touch. Christ calls for the best and worthiest that man is capa- 
 ble of, and every one that is of the truth hears His voice. This 
 power in Christianity to win the response of the best in man is 
 good evidence that the voice is indeed the voice of truth. 
 
 " Truth becomes effective by being felt to be truth. Stated in 
 accurate forms it has a very neat appearance, and is convenient 
 for reference and consultation, but there is no inward necessity 
 that we should do anything about it. Not until some one feels 
 that something is true does that something go out with effective 
 power into the world. 
 
 " The power of Christianity resides in the twofold fact that 
 Christianity is true, and is felt as true. There is reality, and 
 there is sense of reality, — and then there is power. The reality 
 that we have in Christ is worthy to be profoundly felt, and the 
 sense of such reality as this ought to be sufficient to move the 
 world. When it was anything like adequate, it has moved the 
 world."— William Newton Clarke, D. D. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 (Address at the Parliament of Religions) 
 
 THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY TO 
 OTHER RELIGIONS 
 
 CHRISTIANITY speaks in the name 
 of God. To Him it owes its exist- 
 ence, and the deep secret of its dig- 
 nity and power is that it reveals Him. It 
 would be effrontery for it to speak simply 
 upon its own responsibility, or even in the 
 name of reason. It has no naturalistic philos- 
 ophy of its own evolution to propound. It 
 has a message from God to deliver. It is not 
 itself a philosophy ; it is a religion. It is not 
 earth-born ; it is God-wrought. It comes not 
 from man, but from God, and is intensely 
 alive with His power, alert with His love, 
 benign with His goodness, radiant with His 
 light, charged with His truth. It is, there- 
 fore, sent with His message, inspired with 
 His energy, regnant with His wisdom, instinct 
 with the gift of spiritual healing, and mighty 
 
 with supreme authority. 
 207 
 
208 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 It has a mission among men whenever or 
 wherever it finds them, which is as majestic as 
 creation, as marvellous as spiritual existence, 
 and as full of mysterious meaning as eternity. 
 It finds its focus and as well its radiating cen- 
 tre in the personality of Jesus Christ, its great 
 Revealer and Teacher, to whom before His 
 advent all the fingers of light pointed, and 
 from whom since His incarnation all the 
 brightness of the day has shone. It has a 
 further and supplemental historic basis in the 
 Holy Scriptures which God has been pleased 
 to give through inspired writers chosen and 
 commissioned by Him. Its message is much 
 more than Judaism ; it is infinitely more than 
 the revelation of nature ; it is even more than 
 the best teachings of all other religions com- 
 bined, for whatever is good and true in other 
 religious systems is found in full and authori- 
 tative form in Christianity. It has wrought 
 in love, with the touch of regeneration, with 
 the inspiration of prophetic vision, in the mas- 
 tery of spiritual control, and by the transform- 
 ing power of the divine indwelling, until its 
 own best evidence is what it has done to up- 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 209 
 
 lift and purify wherever it has been welcomed 
 among men. 
 
 I say welcomed, for Christianity must be 
 received in order to accomplish its mission. 
 It is addressed to the reason and the heart of 
 man, but does no violence to liberty. Its 
 limitations are not in its own nature, but in 
 the freedom which God has planted in man. 
 It is not to be judged, therefore, by what it 
 has achieved in the world, except as the world 
 has voluntarily received it. The sins of 
 Christian nations cannot be rightly charged 
 to Christianity, for it does not sanction, but 
 forbids them. So-called Christian nations 
 sometimes do frightfully unchristian acts, 
 or at least allow them to be done, and for this 
 they will be called to give an account by the 
 God of justice and judgment. Where Chris- 
 tianity is not known, or where it has been ig- 
 nored and rejected, it withholds the evidence 
 of its power, but where it has been worthily 
 accepted it does not shrink from the test, 
 but rather welcomes scrutiny. Its attitude 
 toward mankind is marked by gracious 
 urgency, not compulsion ; by gentle conde- 
 
2IO THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 scension, not pride ; by kindly ministry, not 
 harshness ; by faithful warning, not taunting 
 reproaches ; by plain instruction, not argu- 
 ment; by gentle and quiet command, not 
 noisy harangue; by limitless promises to 
 faith, not spectacular gifts to sight. 
 
 It has a message of supreme import to 
 man, fresh from the heart of God. It records 
 the great spiritual facts of human history ; it 
 announces the perils and needs of man ; it re- 
 veals the mighty resources of redemption ; it 
 solves the problems and blesses the discipline 
 of life ; it teaches the whole secret of regenera- 
 tion and hope and moral triumph ; it brings 
 to the world the cooperation of divine wisdom 
 in the great struggle with the dark mysteries 
 of misery and suffering. Its message to the 
 world is so full of beneficent inspiration, so 
 resplendent with light, so charged with power, 
 so effective in its ministry that its mission can 
 be characterized only by the use of the most 
 majestic symbolism of the natural universe. 
 It is indeed, as revealed in the person of its 
 Founder, the " Sun of righteousness arising 
 with healing in His wings." 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 211 
 
 We are asked now to consider the message 
 of Christianity to other religions. If it has a 
 message to a sinful world, it must also have 
 a message to other religions which are seek- 
 ing to minister to the same fallen race and to 
 accomplish in their own way and by diverse 
 methods the very mission God has designed 
 should be Christianity's privilege and high 
 function to discharge. 
 
 Let us seek now to catch the spirit of that 
 message, and to indicate in brief outline its 
 purport. We must be content simply to give 
 the message ; the limits of this paper forbid 
 any attempt to vindicate it, or to demon- 
 strate its historic integrity, its heavenly wis- 
 dom, and its excellent glory. 
 
 THE SPIRIT OF THE MESSAGE 
 Its spirit is full of simple sincerity, exalted 
 dignity, and sweet unselfishness. It aims to 
 impart a blessing, rather than to challenge a 
 comparison. It is not so anxious to vindicate 
 itself as to confer its benefits. It is not so 
 solicitous to secure supreme honour for itself 
 as to win its way to the heart. It does not 
 
212 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 seek to taunt, or disparage, or humiliate a 
 rival, but rather to subdue by love, attract by 
 its own excellence, and supplant by virtue of 
 its own incomparable superiority. It is itself 
 incapable of a spirit of rivalry, because of its 
 own invincible right to reign. It has no use 
 for a sneer, it can dispense with contempt, it 
 carries no weapons of violence, it is not given 
 to argument, it is incapable of trickery or 
 deceit, and it repudiates cant. It relies ever 
 upon its own intrinsic merit, and bases all its 
 claims upon its right to be heard and hon- 
 oured. 
 
 Its miraculous evidence is rather an excep- 
 tion than a rule. It was a sign to help weak 
 faith. It was a concession made in a spirit 
 of condescension. Miracles suggest mercy 
 quite as much as they announce mastery. 
 When we consider the unlimited scope of 
 divine power, and the ease with which signs 
 and wonders might have been multiplied in 
 bewildering variety and impressiveness, we 
 are conscious of a rigid conservation of energy 
 and a distinct repudiation of the spectacular. 
 The mystery of Christian history is the sparing 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 213 
 
 way in which Christianity has used its re- 
 sources. It is a tax upon faith which is often 
 painfully severe to note the apparent lack of 
 energy and dash and resistless force in the 
 seemingly slow advances of our holy religion. 
 Doubtless God has His reasons, but in the 
 meanwhile we cannot but recognize in Chris- 
 tianity a spirit of mysterious reserve, of mar- 
 vellous patience, of subdued undertone, of 
 purposeful restraint. It does not " cry nor 
 lift up, nor cause its voice to be heard in the 
 street." Centuries come and go, and Chris- 
 tianity touches only portions of the earth, but 
 wherever it touches it transfigures. It seems 
 to despise material adjuncts, and to count 
 only those victories worth having which are 
 won through direct spiritual contact with the 
 individual soul. Its relation to other religions 
 has been characterized by singular reserve, 
 and its progress has been marked by an unos- 
 tentatious dignity, which is in harmony with 
 the majestic attitude of God, its Author, to all 
 false gods who have claimed divine honours, 
 and sought to usurp the place which was His 
 alone. 
 
214 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Christianity is said to be intolerant. I do 
 not think the word is well chosen ; it would 
 be more true to say that Christianity is uncom- 
 promising, and it is uncompromising because 
 it is true. It is as absurd to complain of the 
 uncompromising nature of Christianity as it 
 is to speak contemptuously of the inflexible 
 character of natural law. Christianity at the 
 same time that it is uncompromising is toler- 
 ant of the convictions of others in a kindly 
 and generous spirit, and, if true to itself, it 
 would be the last religion in the world to stifle 
 liberty of conscience, or deny all proper free- 
 dom of speech. Its tolerance should ever be 
 marked by gentleness, patience, and courtesy ; 
 its exclusiveness should be characterized by 
 dignity, magnanimity, and charity. It should 
 be the steel hand of truth encased in the 
 velvet glove of love. 
 
 We are right then in speaking of the spirit 
 of this message as dissociated from the com- 
 monplace sentiment of rivalry, entirely above 
 the use of spectacular or meretricious meth- 
 ods, infinitely removed from all mere device 
 or dramatic effect, wholly free from cant or 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 215 
 
 double-facedness,with no anxiety for alliance 
 with worldly power or social eclat, caring more 
 for a place of influence in a humble heart 
 than for a seat of power on a royal throne, 
 and as utterly intent upon claiming the lov- 
 ing allegiance of the soul, and securing the 
 moral transformation of character, in order 
 that its own spirit and principles may sway 
 the spiritual life of men. 
 
 It speaks then to other religions with un- 
 qualified frankness and plainness based upon 
 its incontrovertible claim to a hearing; it 
 has nothing to conceal, but rather invites 
 to inquiry and investigation ; it recognizes 
 promptly and cordially whatever is worthy 
 of respect in other religious systems ; it ac- 
 knowledges the undoubted sincerity of per- 
 sonal conviction, and the intense and pathetic 
 earnestness of moral struggle, in the case of 
 many serious souls who, like the Athenians 
 of old, "worship in ignorance"; it warns 
 and persuades and commands, as is its right ; 
 it speaks as Paul did in the presence of cul- 
 tured heathenism on Mars Hill, of that ap- 
 pointed day in which the world must be 
 
216 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 judged, and of " that man " by whom it is to 
 be judged ; it echoes and reechoes its in- 
 variable and inflexible call to repentance ; it 
 requires acceptance of its moral standards, 
 and exacts submission, loyalty, reverence, 
 and humility. 
 
 All this it does with a superb and un- 
 wavering tone of quiet insistence. It often 
 presses its claim with instruction, appeal, and 
 tender urgency, yet in it all and through it 
 all would be recognized a clear, resonant, 
 predominant tone of uncompromising insist- 
 ence, revealing that supreme personal will 
 which originated Christianity, and in whose 
 name it ever speaks. It delivers its message 
 with an air of untroubled confidence and 
 quiet mastery. There is no anxiety about 
 precedence, no undue care for externals, no 
 apology for mysteries, no bargaining for 
 compliments, no possibility of being patron- 
 ized, no undignified spirit of competition. It 
 speaks rather with the consciousness of that 
 simple, natural, incomparable, measureless 
 supremacy which quickly disarms rivalry, 
 and in the end challenges the admiration 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 21 7 
 
 and compels the submission of hearts free 
 from malice and guile. 
 
 THE PURPORT OF THE MESSAGE 
 This being the spirit of the message let us 
 inquire as to its purport. There is one im- 
 mensely preponderating element here which 
 pervades the whole content of the message 
 — it is love for man. Christianity is full of it. 
 This is its supreme meaning to the world — 
 not that love eclipses or supplants every other 
 attribute in God's character, but that it glori- 
 fies and more perfectly reveals and interprets 
 the nature of God and the history of His 
 dealings with man. The object of this love 
 must be carefully noted — it is mankind — the 
 race considered as individuals or as a whole. 
 Christianity unfolds a message to other relig- 
 ions which emphasizes this heavenly prin- 
 ciple. It reveals therein the secret of its 
 power and the unique wonder of its whole 
 redemptive system. " Never man spake like 
 this man," was said of Christ. Never re- 
 ligion spake like this religion, may be said 
 of Christianity. 
 
218 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 The Christian system was conceived in love ; 
 it is wrought out by love ; it brings the pro- 
 vision of love to fallen man ; it administers 
 its marvellous functions in love ; it introduces 
 man into an atmosphere of love ; it gives 
 him the inspiration, the joy, the fruition of 
 love ; it leads at last into the realm of eternal 
 love. While compassing this end, it, at the 
 same time, convicts of sin ; it melts the soul 
 in humility ; it quickens gratitude ; it purifies 
 and sanctifies the heart ; it glorifies the char- 
 acter ; it inspires to obedience ; it implants 
 the instincts of service ; it introduces a regen- 
 erating agent into social life ; it teaches un- 
 selfishness as the great lesson of heaven to 
 earth, and it proposes love as itself the su- 
 preme remedy for the woes and wrongs of 
 the world. It has also its message of warn- 
 ing and judgment, which must not be ignored. 
 It speaks in the name of justice, holiness, and 
 eternal sovereignty of the final issue of that 
 folly which rejects its proposals and appeals, 
 and defies its authority. In this it also re- 
 veals God and vindicates His honour, and it 
 is sadly true that he who slights its message 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 219 
 
 of love must finally face its sentence of 
 condemnation. 
 
 Let us look at this message more in detail. 
 In presenting it under present auspices our 
 purpose is not so distinctively controversial 
 as declarative. We do not seek to challenge 
 or rebuke, much less to denounce and con- 
 demn other religions, but rather to unfold in 
 calm statement the essential features of the 
 message which Christianity is charged to 
 deliver. This is not the place or time to sit 
 in judgment ; it is rather an opportunity for 
 each religion to unfold its distinctive tenets, 
 and to declare its innermost secrets of wisdom 
 and spiritual helpfulness to man, in that spirit 
 of courtesy which is becoming in what may 
 be regarded as a conference upon compara- 
 tive religion. We who love and revere 
 Christianity believe that it declares the true 
 counsel of God, and we are content to rest 
 our case upon the simple statement of its 
 historic facts, its spiritual teaching, and its 
 unrivalled ministry to the world. Christi- 
 anity is its own best evidence ; its very pres- 
 ence is full of power ; its spiritual contribu- 
 
220 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 tion to the thought of the world is its su- 
 preme credential ; its exemplification in the 
 life of its Founder, and, to a less conspicuous 
 degree in the lives of all who are truly in His 
 likeness, is its unanswerable apologetic. 
 
 I have sought to give the essential outlines 
 of this immortal message of Christianity by 
 grouping its leading characteristics in a series 
 of code words which when presented in com- 
 bination give the distinctive signal of the 
 Christian religion which has waved aloft in 
 sunshine and storm during all the centuries 
 since the New Testament Scriptures were 
 given to man. 
 
 FATHERHOOD 
 The initial word which we place in this 
 signal code of Christianity is Fatherhood. 
 This may have a strange sound to some 
 ears, but to the Christian it is full of sweet- 
 ness and dignity. It simply means that the 
 creative act of God, so far as our human 
 family is concerned, was done in the spirit of 
 fatherly love and goodness. He created us 
 in His likeness, and to express this idea of 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 221 
 
 spiritual resemblance and tender relationship 
 the symbolical term of fatherhood is used. 
 When Christ taught us to pray, " Our 
 Father," in the spirit not only of natural but 
 of gracious sonship, He gave us a lesson 
 which transcends human philosophy, and has 
 in it so much of the height and depth of di- 
 vine feeling that human reason has hardly 
 dared fully to receive, much less to originate, 
 the conception. 
 
 BROTHERHOOD 
 A second word which is representative in 
 the Christian message is, Brotherhood. This 
 exists in two senses— there is the universal 
 brotherhood of man to man, as children of 
 one Father in whose likeness the whole 
 family is created, and the spiritual brother- 
 hood of union in Christ. We are all brother 
 men, would that we were also all brother Chris- 
 tians. Here again the suggestion is love as 
 the rule and sign of human as well as Chris- 
 tian fellowship. The world has drifted far 
 away from this ideal of brotherhood ; it has 
 been repudiated in some quarters even in the 
 
222 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 name of religion, and it seems clear that it 
 will never be fully recognized and exempli- 
 fied except as the spirit of Christ assumes its 
 sway over the hearts of men. 
 
 REDEMPTION 
 The next code word of Christianity is Re- 
 demption. We use it here in the sense of a 
 purpose on God's part to deliver man from 
 sin, and to make a universal provision for 
 that end, which if rightly used insures the re- 
 sult. I need not remind you that this pur- 
 pose was conceived in love. God as Re- 
 deemer has taken a gracious attitude toward 
 man from the beginnings of history, and He is 
 " not far from every one " in the immanence 
 and omnipresence of His love. Redemption 
 is a world-embracing term ; it is not limited 
 to any age or class. Its potentiality is world- 
 wide ; its efficiency is unrestrained, except as 
 man himself limits it ; its application is de- 
 termined by the sovereign wisdom of God, 
 its Author, who deals with each individual as 
 a possible candidate for redemption, and de- 
 cides his destiny in accordance with his spir- 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 223 
 
 itual attitude toward Christ. Where Christ 
 is unknown God still exercises His sover- 
 eignty, although He has been pleased to 
 maintain a significant reserve as to the possi- 
 bility, extent, and spiritual tests of redemp- 
 tion where trust is based upon God's mercy 
 in general, rather than upon His mercy as 
 specially revealed in Christ. We know from 
 His Word that Christ's sacrifice is infinite. 
 God can apply its saving virtue to one who 
 intelligently accepts it in faith, or to an infant 
 who receives its benefits as a sovereign gift, 
 or to one who not having known of Christ so 
 casts himself in penitence and dependence 
 upon God's mercy that divine wisdom sees 
 good reason to grant forgiveness, and apply to 
 the soul the saving power of the great sacrifice. 
 
 INCARNATION 
 Another cardinal idea in the Christian sys- 
 tem is Incarnation — God clothing Himself in 
 human form and coming into living touch 
 with mankind. This He did in the person of 
 Jesus of Nazareth. It is a mighty mystery, 
 and Christianity would never dare assert it, 
 
224 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 except as God has authorized and enjoined 
 it. Granted the purpose of God to reveal 
 Himself in visible form to man, He must be 
 free to choose His own method. He did not 
 consult human reason. He did not ask the 
 advice of philosophy. He did not seek the 
 permission of ordinary laws. He came in 
 spiritual majesty in the glory of the super- 
 natural, but He entered the realm of human 
 life through the humble gateway of nature. 
 His Incarnate Messenger came not only to 
 reveal God, but to bring Him into contact 
 with human life. He came to assume per- 
 manent relations to the race. His brief life 
 among us upon earth was for a purpose, and 
 when that was accomplished, still retaining 
 His humanity, He ascended to resume His 
 kingly dominion in the heavens. 
 
 ATONEMENT 
 We are brought now to another funda- 
 mental truth in the Christian message — the 
 mysterious doctrine of Atonement. Sin is a 
 fact which is indisputable. It is universally 
 recognized and acknowledged. It is its own 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 225 
 
 evidence. It is, moreover, a barrier between 
 man and his God. The divine holiness, and 
 sin with its loathsomeness, its rebellion, its 
 horrid degradation, and its hopeless ruin, 
 cannot coalesce in any system of moral gov- 
 ernment. God cannot tolerate sin or tem- 
 porize with it, or make a place for it in His 
 presence. He cannot parley with it ; He 
 must punish it. He cannot treat with it ; He 
 must try it at the bar. He cannot overlook 
 it ; He must overcome it. He cannot give it 
 a moral status ; He must visit it with the con- 
 demnation it deserves. Atonement is God's 
 marvellous method of vindicating once for all 
 before the universe His eternal attitude toward 
 sin, by the voluntary self-assumption, in the 
 spirit of sacrifice, of its penalty. This He 
 does in the person of Jesus Christ, who came 
 as God incarnate upon this sublime mission. 
 The facts of Christ's birth, life, death, and 
 resurrection, take their place in the realm of 
 veritable history, and the moral value and 
 propitiatory efficacy of His perfect obedience 
 and sacrificial death in a representative ca- 
 pacity become a mysterious element of limit- 
 
226 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 less worth in the process of readjusting the 
 relation of the sinner to his God. Christ is 
 recognized by God as a substitute. The 
 merit of His obedience and the exalted dig- 
 nity of His sacrifice are both available to faith. 
 The sinner, humble, penitent, and conscious 
 of unworthiness, accepts Christ as his Re- 
 deemer, his Mediator, his Intercessor, his 
 Saviour, and simply believes in Him, trusting 
 in His assurances and promises, based as they 
 are upon His atoning intervention, and re- 
 ceives from God, as the gift of sovereign love, 
 all the benefits of Christ's mediatorial work. 
 
 This is God's way of reaching the goal of 
 pardon and reconciliation. It is His way of 
 being Himself just, and yet accomplishing 
 the justification of the sinner. Here again we 
 have the mystery of love in its most intense 
 form, and the mystery of wisdom in its most 
 august exemplification. This is the heart of 
 the Gospel. It throbs with mysterious love ; 
 it pulsates with ineffable throes of divine feel- 
 ing ; it bears a vital relation to the whole 
 scheme of government; it is in its hidden 
 activities beyond the scrutiny of human reason, 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 227 
 
 but it sends the life-blood coursing through 
 history, and it gives to Christianity its superb 
 vitality and its undying vigour. It is because 
 Christianity eliminates sin from the problem 
 that its solution is complete and final. 
 
 CHARACTER 
 We pass now to another word of vital im- 
 port — it is Character. God's own attitude to 
 the sinner being settled, and the problems of 
 moral government solved, the next matter 
 which presents itself is the personality of the 
 individual man. It must be purified, trans- 
 formed into the spiritual likeness of Christ, 
 trained for immortality. It must be brought 
 into harmony with the ethical standards of 
 Christ. This Christianity insists upon, and 
 for the accomplishment of this end it is gifted 
 with an influence and impulse, a potency and 
 winsomeness, an inspiration and helpfulness, 
 which are full of spiritual mastery over the soul. 
 Herein is hidden the secret of the new birth 
 by the Spirit of God. Christianity thus re- 
 generates, uplifts, transforms, and eventually 
 transfigures the personal character. It is an 
 
228 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 incomparable school of transcendent ethics. 
 It honours the rugged training of discipline, 
 and uses it freely but tenderly. It accom- 
 plishes its purpose by prompting to loving 
 obedience, by teaching submission, by help- 
 ing to self-control, by insisting upon practical 
 righteousness as the law of life, and by 
 introducing the Golden Rule as the code of 
 contact and duty between man and man. 
 
 SERVICE 
 In close connection with character is a word 
 of magnetic impulse and unique glory which 
 gives to Christianity a helpful and practical 
 power in history. It is Service. Here is a 
 forceful element in the double influence of 
 Christianity over the inner life and the out- 
 ward ministry of its followers. Christ, its 
 Founder, glorified service and lifted it in His 
 own experience to the dignity of sacrifice. In 
 the light of Christ's example service becomes 
 an honour, a privilege, and a moral triumph ; 
 it is consummated and crowned in sacrifice. 
 Christianity, receiving its lesson from Christ, 
 subsidizes character in the interest of service. 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 229 
 
 It lays its noblest fruitage of personal gifts 
 and spiritual culture upon the altar of philan- 
 thropic beneficence. It is unworthy of its 
 name if it does not reproduce this spirit of 
 its Master. Only by giving itself to benevo- 
 lent ministry, as Christ gave Himself for the 
 world, can it vindicate its origin. Christianity 
 recognizes no worship which is altogether 
 divorced from work for the weal of others. 
 It endorses no religious professions which 
 are unmindful of the obligations of service 
 to God and man ; it allows itself to be tested 
 not simply by the purity of its motives, but 
 by the measure of its sacrifice for the exten- 
 sion of the kingdom of Christ, and the re- 
 demption of man. The crown and the goal 
 of its followers is, "Well done, good and 
 faithful servant." 
 
 FELLOWSHIP 
 One other word completes the code. It is 
 Fellowship, of which the Spirit of God is the 
 blessed medium. It is a word which breathes 
 the sweetest hope, implies the choicest priv- 
 ilege, and sounds the highest destiny of the 
 
230 THE NEW HOROSCOPE OF MISSIONS 
 
 Christian. It gives the grandest possible 
 meaning to eternity, for it suggests that it 
 is to be passed with God. It illumines and 
 transfigures the present, for it brings God 
 into it, and places Him in living touch with 
 our lives, and makes Him a helper in our 
 moral struggles, our spiritual aspirations, and 
 our heroic, though imperfect, efforts to live 
 the life of duty. It is solace in trouble, con- 
 solation in sorrow, strength in weakness, 
 courage in trial, help in weariness, and cheer 
 in loneliness ; it becomes an unfailing in- 
 spiration when human nature left to its own 
 resources would lie down in despair and die. 
 Fellowship with God implies and secures fel- 
 lowship with one another in the mystical, spir- 
 itual union of Christ with His people, and His 
 people with one another. An invisible society 
 of regenerate souls, which we call the King- 
 dom of God among men, is the result. This 
 has its visible product in the organized society 
 of the Christian Church, which is the chosen 
 and honoured instrument of God for the con- 
 servation and propagation of Christianity 
 among men. 
 
THE MESSAGE OF CHRISTIANITY 23 1 
 
 This, then, is the message which Christian- 
 ity signals to other religions as it greets them 
 to-day: FATHERHOOD, BROTHERHOOD, RE- 
 DEMPTION, INCARNATION, ATONEMENT, 
 CHARACTER, SERVICE, FELLOWSHIP. 
 
 It remains to be said that Christianity 
 through the individual seeks to reach society. 
 Its aim is first the man, then men. It is 
 pledged to do for the race what it does for 
 the individual man. Its plans are elastic, 
 expansive, inclusive ; it preempts the round 
 earth as its sphere of activity ; it ignores no 
 class or rank ; it forgets no tribe or nation ; 
 it is charged to minister in God's name to the 
 world. It is commissioned, aye, commanded 
 by its great Founder to disciple all nations. 
 In this service it blesses and is blessed ; in 
 this ministry it uplifts and is itself uplifted ; 
 in the accomplishment of this noble mis- 
 sion it will finally be forever vindicated and 
 crowned. 
 
"Fly, happy happy sails . . . 
 Fly happy with the mission of the Cross ; 
 Knit land to land, and blowing havenward 
 With silks, and fruits, and spices, clear of toll, 
 Enrich the markets of the golden year." 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abcarius, John, his witness to 
 
 Christianity in Syria, 141 
 Abel, Rev. Charles W., his 
 missionary service in New 
 Guinea, 123 
 
 Abraham, Deacon, the Persian 
 philanthropist, 141 
 
 Africa, missions in Uganda, 88- 
 91, 149-151; in other sec- 
 tions of, 91, 92; African 
 Christian witnesses, 119, 120; 
 missions in Nigeria, 152; 
 new possibilities for missions 
 throughout the continent of, 
 172, 173 
 
 Africaner, Chief, an early Afri- 
 can witness, 118 
 
 Ahmed Shah, Dr., a prominent 
 Indian Christian author, 135 
 
 Aintab, Rev. Kara Krikore of, 
 141 
 
 Aitchison, Sir Charles U., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Ali, Moulvie Safdar, an Indian 
 Christian witness from the 
 ranks of Islam, 135; his 
 Urdu hymns, 136 
 
 Alii, Rev. Jani, a prominent 
 Christian witness in India, 
 from the ranks of Islam, 135 
 
 Altruistic obligation, recogni- 
 tion of, in our day, 65, 66 
 
 American Board, approaching 
 centenary of, 35, 63 ; its mis- 
 sion in Shantung, 131 ; its 
 new college building at Ma- 
 dura, 145 
 
 Amoy, Pastor Chiu of, 130; ac- 
 
 count of celebration prepared 
 for the Rev. lap Han-cheong, 
 
 *3h 132 
 
 Amparibe, mission station in 
 
 Madagascar, 121 
 Anaman, Rev. Jacob B., a wit- 
 ness to Christianity on the 
 Gold Coast, Africa, 119 
 
 Anantam, Rev. D., his services 
 toward Bible translation into 
 Telugu, 136 
 
 Ando, Hon. Taro, a Christian 
 government official of Japan, 
 128 
 
 Andy, Dr. Pulney, a distin- 
 guished Indian Christian, 137 
 
 Angell, President James B., 
 his testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary service, 7 1 
 
 Ansgar, mission of, 31 ; mis- 
 sionary aims of, 166 
 
 Apolo Kagwa, Sir, Christian 
 statesman of Uganda, 119 
 
 Araman, Michial, his witness to 
 Christianity in Syria, 141 
 
 Asaad-esh-Shidiak, his martyr 
 witness on Mount Lebanon, 
 118 
 
 Athim, Abdullah, a prominent 
 Indian Christian author, 135 
 
 Augustine, mission of, 30 ; mis- 
 sionary aims of, 166 
 
 Aurungabad, revival in, 86 
 
 Babism, in Persia, 94 
 
 Banerjea, Rev. Krishna Mohun, 
 a representative Indian Chris- 
 tian apologist, 135; hymn 
 writer, 136 
 
 233 
 
234 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Banurji, Kali Charan, Indian 
 Christian government official, 
 
 137 
 
 Baptist Missionary Society of 
 England, formation of the, 35 
 
 Baptist Young People's Union, 
 mission study classes of, 41 
 
 Barotsi, The, French Evangel- 
 ical Mission among, 91 
 
 Barotsiland, missions in, 91 
 
 Barrett, Hon. John, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Barton, Rev. James L., his ar- 
 ticle in the North American 
 Review, October, 1906, 68; 
 his volume on " The Mission- 
 ary and His Critics," 143 
 
 Bauboo, Mrs. Tabitha, a repre- 
 sentative Indian Christian, 139 
 
 Bentley, W. P., his volume on 
 " Illustrious Chinese Chris- 
 tians," 132, 133 
 
 Berbary, Rizzook, his witness to 
 Christianity in Syria, 141 
 
 Bible Societies, missionary 
 work of, 44 
 
 Bible Translations, 176 
 
 Bishop, Mrs. Isabella Bird, her 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Bistany, Butrus, his witness to 
 Christianity in Syria, 141 
 
 Biswas, Rev. Jacob, Bengali 
 hymn writer, 136 
 
 Boniface, mission of, 31 ; mis- 
 sionary aims of, 166 
 
 Boon-Itt, Rev. Boon, record of, 
 133 ; witnessing power of his 
 life, 133 
 
 Bose, Miss C. M., a prominent 
 Indian Christian education- 
 alist, 139 
 
 Bose, Rev. M. N., an Indian 
 Christian hymnist and faith- 
 ful pastor, 136 
 
 Bose, Rev. Ram Chandra, a 
 noted Indian Christian apolo- 
 gist, 135 
 
 Bourdillon, Sir James Austin, 
 his testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary service, 149 
 
 Boxer Uprising, 1 14, 116 
 
 British and Foreign Bible So- 
 ciety, organization of the, 35 
 
 British Central Africa Protec- 
 torate, Scotch Missions in 
 the, 91 
 
 British Isles, early missions in 
 the, 30, 157 
 
 Brotherhood, growth of the 
 spirit of universal, 21, 22, 65 
 
 Brough, Rev. A. W., Kaiser-i- 
 Hind medal awarded to, 144 
 
 Bryan, Hon. William J., his tes- 
 timony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Bryce, Hon. James, references 
 to race contact in his Ro- 
 manes Lecture of 1902, 21 ; 
 his testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary service, 7 1 
 
 Buck, Col. Alfred E., his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Bunker, Rev. Alonzo, his bi- 
 ography of Soo Thah, 134 
 
 Burma, witness of Soo Thah, 
 133. *34 
 
 Carey, William, early mis- 
 sionary convictions and aspi- 
 rations of, 31 ; his heroic con- 
 secration to the missionary 
 aim, 31-35; his arrival in 
 India, 161 
 
 Carter, Gov. George R., his tes- 
 timony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Cecil, Rev. Lord William Gas- 
 coyne, his testimony to value 
 of missionary service, 72 
 
INDEX 
 
 235 
 
 Centenary Celebrations, 62, 63, 
 
 77 
 
 Chalmers, Rev. James, martyr- 
 dom of, 113; his missionary 
 service in New Guinea, 123 
 
 Chand, Rev. Tara, his services 
 toward Bible translation into 
 Urdu, 136 
 
 Chandra, Prof. Ram, an early 
 and remarkable Christian 
 convert of the Society for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel, 
 
 l 37 
 
 Chang, Chinese convert, 129; 
 his services as an evangelist, 
 129 
 
 Chatterjee, Rev. K. C, a 
 prominent Indian clergyman 
 of Hoshyarpur, 136 
 
 Chatterjee, The Misses, promi- 
 nent Indian Christians, 139 
 
 Chatterji, Prof. Golak Nath, a 
 prominent Indian Christian 
 educationalist, 137, 138 
 
 Chatterji, Rev. T. K.,an Indian 
 Christian editor and author, 
 
 x 35 
 
 Chia, Pastor, a prominent wit- 
 ness for Christianity in Shan- 
 tung, 131 
 
 Chiang, Christian martyr in 
 China, 115 
 
 China, the missionary outlook 
 in, 77-83 ; missionaries in, 
 77 ; statistics of, 77, 78, 83; 
 great changes in, during the 
 last decade, 78-83; educa- 
 tional reforms in, 79, 80; 
 literary progress in, 80 ; edict 
 abolishing footbinding, 81 ; 
 efforts to suppress the opium 
 traffic, 81 ; recognition of 
 medical missionary graduates, 
 81 ; agitation concerning a 
 representative scheme of gov- 
 ernment, 81 ; democracy in, 
 
 81 ; intellectual awakening 
 of, due largely to missions, 
 82 ; changes in the fanatical 
 province of Hunan, 83 ; aver- 
 age annual conversions during 
 the past fifty years, 83 ; noted 
 Chinese Christians, 1 29- 1 33; 
 report of China Emergency 
 Committee on missions in, 
 151 ; revolutionary changes 
 in, 172. 
 Chiu, Pastor, his services _ at 
 Amoy, 130; the witnessing 
 value of his life, 130 
 Christendom, changed attitude 
 of, toward alien races, 55 ; 
 alien races potential members 
 of a universal, 164 
 Christian Endeavour. See 
 United Society of Christian 
 Endeavour 
 Christianity, the missionary 
 ideal of, 17; new world-con- 
 sciousness of, 17-47 ; cosmo- 
 politan outlook of, 24-30; 
 universality of, 50-53; its 
 progress in foreign fields, 44, 
 73-98 ; is a pessimistic view 
 of, justified ? 65, 67 ; a new 
 "cloud of witnesses" to, in 
 mission fields, 105-154; the 
 missionary character of, 157- 
 159 ; reflex influence of mis- 
 sions on Christianity at home, 
 193-198, 200; the message 
 of, to other religions, 207- 
 231 ; essential features of, 
 217-231 
 Christie, Dr. Dugald, his hos- 
 pital at Moukden, 129 
 Chucker butty, Miss S., a prom- 
 inent Indian Christian, 139 
 Church, The Christian, its new 
 missionary responsibilities in 
 these times, 96, 97 ; special 
 missionary duty of the Pres* 
 
236 
 
 INDEX 
 
 byterian Church, 98 ; call of 
 the Church to special service 
 in each age of history, 159; 
 one of its foremost responsi- 
 bilities in the present age, 
 159, 160; will the Church re- 
 spond to the present call of 
 missions? 168-170; enlarged 
 opportunity of, at present 
 time, 171-173 
 
 Church Missionary Society, or- 
 ganization of the, 35 ; its en- 
 trance into Uganda, 88 ; its 
 successful work in South 
 Nigeria, 152 
 
 Church of England, missionary 
 spirit of the, 55 
 
 Churchill, Rt. Hon. Winston, 
 his appreciation of the results 
 of mission work in Uganda, 
 149-15 1 
 
 Clarke, Rev. William Newton, 
 quoted, 206 
 
 Coillard, Rev. Francois, his 
 missionary labours among 
 the Barotsi, 91 
 
 Coimbatore, address of Sir Ar- 
 thur Lawley at, 144 
 
 Colonial Expansion, some bene- 
 fits of, to backward races, 19, 
 20 ; the missionary motive in 
 the early settlement of New 
 England, 34 
 
 Colquhoun, Archibald R., fa- 
 vourable testimony of, to 
 missions in South Africa, 
 
 Columba, mission of, 30 ; mis- 
 sionary aims of, 166 
 
 Columbanus, mission of, 31 ; 
 missionary aims of, 31 
 
 Commerce, missions as a stim- 
 ulus to, 192 
 
 Conger, Hon. Edwin H., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 7 1 
 
 Congo Free State, troubles in 
 the, 92 
 
 Contemporary Review, The, for 
 February, 1908, article in, 
 upon " Christian Missions in 
 China," 151 
 
 Contributions, facilities for mak- 
 ing them available in mission 
 work, 99 
 
 Converts, average number of 
 communicants admitted to 
 mission churches every Sun- 
 day of the year, 36 ; the wit- 
 ness of faithful lives of, 117— 
 142 ; able to bear the tests 
 of worthy discipleship, ill, 
 112 ; value of, in evangelistic 
 service, 169, 175 ; estimated 
 number of, 175 ; value of, to 
 the Christian Church, 107, 
 202 
 
 " Corporation for the Propaga- 
 tion of the Gospel in New 
 England," formation of, 34 
 
 Crowther, Rt. Rev. Samuel 
 Adjai, his witnessing life, 118 
 
 Cunningham, Sir Frederick, his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 149 
 
 Currie, Sir Philip, his testimony 
 to value of missionary service, 
 72 
 
 Curzon, Lord, Ex-Viceroy of 
 India, his testimony to value 
 of missionary service, 72, 
 146, 147 
 
 Cyril, mission of, 31 ; mission- 
 ary aims of, 166 
 
 Danish-Halle Mission, or- 
 ganization of the, 34 
 
 Das, Rai Bahadur Maya, a dis- 
 tinguished Indian Christian, 
 
 137 
 Dass, Rev. G. L. Thakur, a 
 
INDEX 
 
 237 
 
 noted Indian Christian au- 
 thor, 135 , 
 David, Rev. Joseph, a noted 
 Indian Christian author, 135 
 Day, Rev. Lai Bihari, a repre- 
 sentative Indian Christian 
 apologist, 135; a writer of 
 hymns, 136 
 Denby, Hon. Charles, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 Devadasan, Rev. J. N., a prom- 
 inent native pastor of Madras, 
 136 
 Devasagayam, Rev. John, the 
 first ordained native clergy- 
 man of the Church Missionary 
 Society in South India, 136 
 Diplomacy, relations of missions 
 
 to, 186-192 
 Domestic Life, improvements 
 effected by missions upon, 
 179, 180 
 Drummond, Henry, reference 
 to his work among young 
 men, 133 
 Duff, Dr. Alexander, Students' 
 Missionary Society at St. An- 
 drews University founded 
 
 by, 163 
 Durand, Sir Henry Mortimer, 
 his testimony to value of 
 missionary work, 72, 153 
 
 East Indies (Dutch), mission 
 of Heurnius to the, 31 ; mis- 
 sion success among Moslems 
 in the, 92 
 
 Ebara, Hon. Soroku, a promi- 
 nent Christian in Japan, 128 
 
 Ebina, Rev. D., a Congrega- 
 tionalist pastor of Japan, 1 28 
 
 Economic Value of Missions, 
 177-179 
 
 Edinburgh Missionary Society, 
 organization of the, 35 
 
 Educational Benefits of Mis- 
 sions, 175 
 
 Egede, Hans, missionary serv- 
 ices of, 31 
 
 Egypt, missionary conference 
 held in 1906 in, 94 
 
 Elliot, Sir Charles, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 Ellis, William T., his report of 
 his visit of investigation to 
 missions around the world, 
 68, 69 ; quoted, with reference 
 to missions in Korea, 74, 
 128; testimony to value of 
 missionary work, 153 
 Epeteneto, a distinguished wit- 
 ness to the Gospel in the New 
 Hebrides, 118 
 Epworth League, The, in for- 
 eign mission lands, 41 
 Erromanga, martyred mission- 
 aries of, 112 
 
 Federation, cooperation on 
 mission fields a stimulus to 
 the federation movement, 
 48; its growth in mission 
 fields, 193-197 5 its progress 
 in Christendom, 197, 198 
 Fiji Islands, churches and 
 religious services in the, 
 126; holds the world's rec- 
 ord for large percentage of 
 church attendance, 127 
 Footbinding, edict abolishing, 
 in China, 81 ; victorious cam- 
 paign of missions against, 180 
 Fosbery, W. F. W., his tribute 
 to work of Church Missionary 
 Society in Southern Nigeria, 
 152 
 Foster, Hon. John W., his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 Fox, Francis William, his Re- 
 
238 
 
 INDEX 
 
 port upon Christian missions 
 in China, 151, 152 
 
 Francis, St., of Assisi, mission- 
 ary services of, 31 
 
 Fraser, Sir Andrew H. L., his 
 testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary work, 72, 144 
 
 French Evangelical Mission, 
 among the Barotsi, 91 
 
 Frere, Sir Bartle, his testimony 
 to value of missionary service, 
 72 
 
 Glasgow Missionary So- 
 ciety, organization of the, 35 
 
 Golaknath, Rev. Mr., an early 
 example of an Indian Chris- 
 tian clergyman, in connection 
 with the Church Missionary 
 Society, 136 
 
 Gordon, Rev. George N., mar- 
 tyrdom of, 112 
 
 Gordon, Rev. James D., mar- 
 tyrdom of, 112 
 
 Goreh, Rev. Nehemiah, a 
 prominent Indian Christian 
 apologist, 135 ; a writer of 
 hymns, 136 
 
 Griscom, Hon. Lloyd C, his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 71 
 
 Gucheng, native pastor in Lifu, 
 124; his work in New 
 Guinea, 124 
 
 Gwatkin, Prof. Henry Melvill, 
 quoted, 47 
 
 Han-cheong, Rev. Iap, cele- 
 bration of the fortieth anni- 
 versary of his pastorate, 131, 
 132 
 
 Hannington, Rt. Rev. James, 
 the martyrdom of, 1 12 
 
 Hara, T., friend of discharged 
 prisoners in Japan, 127 
 
 Harada, Rev. Tasuku, a Con- 
 gregationalist clergyman in 
 Japan, 128 
 
 Haraiwa, Rev. Yoshiyasu, a 
 Methodist pastor of Japan, 128 
 
 Hart, Sir Robert, his testimony 
 to value of missionary service, 
 72 
 
 Harvard University, foreign 
 mission work of, 42 
 
 Hatch, Dr. Edwin, his poem, 
 " All Saints," 142 
 
 Hawthorne, Julian, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Hay, Hon. John, spirit of his in- 
 ternational diplomacy, 189 
 
 Haystack Celebration, 63 
 
 Hepburn, Dr. J. C, entrance 
 of, into Japan, 162 
 
 Heroes of the Faith, examples 
 of, among native converts, 
 107-142 ; value of martyr 
 testimony as an asset of 
 modern Christianity, 117 
 
 Heurnius, Justus, his mission to 
 the Dutch East Indies, 31 
 
 Hirata, Rev. Yoshimichi, a wit- 
 ness for Christ in Japan, 1 28 
 
 Holcombe, Hon. Chester, his 
 article on Missions in China, 
 in the Atlantic Monthly, for 
 September, 1906, 67 
 
 Home Missions, should never 
 be neglected, 17, 43 ; mutual 
 helpfulness of Home and For- 
 eign Missions, 50, 51, 54, 56, 
 96, 97. 167-170, 173. *93» 
 194, 197-202 
 
 Homma, Mr. S., a Japanese 
 Christian social reformer, 128 
 
 Honda, Rev. Yoichi, educa- 
 tional work of, in Japan, 127 ; 
 chosen as first native Bishop 
 of the Methodist Church in 
 Japan, 128 
 
INDEX 
 
 239 
 
 Hsi, Pastor, biography of, 132 
 Hsieh, a Chinese Christian 
 
 martyr, 1 16 
 Hunan, remarkable changes in 
 
 attitude of, toward missions, 
 
 83 
 
 Hunter, Sir William, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 Ibrahim, Mirza, martyrdom 
 of, 141 
 
 Ibuka, Rev. K., a well-known 
 Christian teacher in Japan, 
 128 
 
 Imad-ud-Din, Rev. Dr., Biblical 
 scholarship of, 135 
 
 Imperial Responsibilities, inter- 
 preted in their higher sig- 
 nificance by missions, 29, 30 ; 
 new recognition of, among the 
 nations, 55 
 
 India, early missionaries to, 31 ; 
 Christian missions in, 83-88 ; 
 social changes in, 84; mass 
 movements to Christianity, 
 84, 85 ; revival incidents in, 
 85-87 ; formation of the Na- 
 tional Missionary Society, 87 ; 
 Christian witnesses in, 135— 
 140 ; the awakened and re- 
 ceptive condition of, 172 
 
 Indirect Results of Missions, 
 179-203 
 
 Industrial Missions, personal 
 virtues encouraged and pro- 
 moted by, 177, 178 ; economic 
 value of, 178 
 
 International Affairs, influence 
 of missions upon, 185-192 
 
 Interdenominationalism, the in- 
 fluence of missions in pro- 
 moting an interdenomina- 
 tional consciousness, 48 ; the 
 tendency to ecclesiastical de- 
 
 limitations passing away, 193- 
 198 
 
 Ishii, Juji, philanthropic work 
 of, 127 
 
 Ishimoto, Prof. Sanjuro, a rep- 
 resentative Japanese Chris- 
 tian, 128 
 
 Islam, revolt from, in Persia, 
 94 ; movements of the Si- 
 nousis, 190 ; the menace of 
 Pan-Islamism, 189, 190 
 
 Isotry, tomb of Prime Minister 
 of Madagascar at, 121 
 
 JAGANADHAN, REV. P., his' 
 services toward Bible transla- 
 tion into Telugu, 136 
 
 Japan, progress of Christianity 
 in, 73, 74 ; education in, 74 ; 
 forecast of its national great- 
 ness, 74 ; distinguished Chris- 
 tians in, 127, 128; progress 
 of religious liberty in, during 
 the past half century, 172; 
 Japanese young men sent to 
 Western lands to be educated, 
 182 
 
 Johnston, Sir Harry H., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Joshi, Rev. D. L., a prominent 
 Indian Christian, in connec- 
 tion with the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society, 136 
 
 Kapiolani, Queen, a cour- 
 ageous witness to the truth in 
 Hawaii, 118 
 
 Karens, The, influence of Soo 
 Thah in promoting national 
 unity among, 135 
 
 Karmarkar, Rev. S. V., hymn 
 writer in Marathi, 136 
 
 Kasagama, Daudi, his Christian 
 rule as King of Toro,H9 
 
240 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Kataoka, Hon. Kenkichi, Chris- 
 tian statesman of Japan, 127 
 
 Kettering, formation of the Bap- 
 tist Missionary Society at, 35 
 
 Khama, King, his beneficent 
 rule, 119 
 
 Khasia Hills, revival among 
 the natives of the, 86 
 
 Khisti, Rev. Hari Ramchandra, 
 a faithful Indian pastor in 
 connection with the mission 
 of the American Board, 136 
 
 King, Hon. Hamilton, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Kingdom, fresh annals of the, 
 157-204; relation of the 
 Church to the Kingdom, 156 
 
 Korea, progress of Christianity 
 in, 74-77 ; remarkable re- 
 cent developments in, 75, 76, 
 128; Bible translation in, 76, 
 77; revival scenes in, 128; 
 the wonderful arousing of, 
 172 
 
 Koshi Koshi, Archdeacon, his 
 services toward Bible transla- 
 tion into Malayalam, 136 
 
 Kothahbyu, his faithful Chris- 
 tian witness in Burma, 1 18 
 
 Kozaki, Rev. H., a Congrega- 
 tionalist pastor in Japan, 128 
 
 Krikore, Rev. Kara, fiftieth an- 
 niversary of his pastorate at 
 Aintab, Turkey, 141 
 
 Krishna Pal, an early witness to 
 the truth in India, 118 
 
 Krupabai, See Satthianadhan, 
 Krupabai 
 
 Kucheng, Christian martyrs of, 
 "3 
 
 Lawes, Rev. W. G., his mis- 
 sionary service in New 
 Guinea, 123 
 
 Lawley, Sir Arthur, his testi- 
 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 72, 144, 145 
 
 Laymen's Missionary Move- 
 ment, its interdenominational 
 support of foreign missions, 
 42 ; its establishment in Great 
 Britain, 164 
 
 Lely, Sir Frederic S. P., his fa- 
 vourable testimony to the work 
 of missionaries in India, 146, 
 
 147 
 Lewanika, King, his decree 
 
 abolishing slavery, 91 
 Lewis, Sir Samuel, a prominent 
 
 African Christian, 119 
 Lienchow, Christian martyrs of, 
 
 113 • , 
 
 Lifu, missionary service of 
 
 native converts of, 124; pio- 
 neer service in, 125 
 
 Liggins, Rev. John, entrance 
 of, into Japan, 162 
 
 Literature, Christian, introduc- 
 tion of, upon mission fields, 
 176; increase of missionary 
 literature at home, 162, 174 
 
 London Missionary Society, or- 
 ganization of the, 35 ; its suc- 
 cessful work at Nagercoil, 63, 
 64 
 
 Loyalty Islands, native preach- 
 ers and teachers from the, 
 123 
 
 Lugard, Sir Frederick, his tes- 
 timony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 Lull, Raymond, missionary serv- 
 ices of, 31 
 
 Luther League, The, in foreign 
 mission lands, 41 
 
 Macalister,. Prof. Alexan- 
 der, his Report upon Chris- 
 tian missions in China, 151, 
 
 l 5 2 
 
 MacArthur, Lieutenant-Gen- 
 
INDEX 
 
 2 4 I 
 
 eral Arthur, his appreciation 
 of missions in Korea, 143 
 McCormick, Frederick, his ap- 
 preciation of foreign missions, 
 
 *53 
 
 Macfarlane, Rev. Samuel, his 
 missionary service in New 
 Guinea, 123 
 
 McGregor, Sir William, his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, his 
 testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary service, 72 
 
 McKenzie, F. A., his apprecia- 
 tion of foreign missions, 68, 
 
 153 
 
 Madagascar, victories of the 
 Gospel in, 92, 93 ; the Chris- 
 tian record of Rainitrimo, 
 120-122; Rasalama, Chris- 
 tian martyr of, 122; " killing 
 times " in, 122 
 
 Madras Presidency, religious 
 awakening at various places 
 in the, 86 
 
 Madura, American Board Mis- 
 sion at, 145 
 
 Mahan, Admiral A. T., favour- 
 able testimony of, to mission- 
 ary efforts in the Far East, 
 
 152, 153 
 
 Makino, Rev. To raj 1, a witness 
 for Christ in Japan, 128 
 
 " Mankind and the Church," 
 reference to volume thus en- 
 titled, 47 
 
 Marau, Rev. Clement, his early 
 witness to Christianity in 
 Melanesia, 118 
 
 Marshall, Rev. Thomas J., a 
 distinguished African Chris- 
 tian witness, 119 
 
 Martyrs, the " noble army " of, 
 in modern times, 112; mis- 
 sionaries who have been, 112, 
 
 113; native converts who 
 have stood this test, 113, 114; 
 the martyr roll of China, 113- 
 117; estimate of their num- 
 ber, 113 
 
 Masih, Rev. Abdul, a promi- 
 nent Christian witness from 
 the ranks of Islam, 135 
 
 Masih, Rev. Imam, his services 
 toward Bible translation into 
 Bengali, 136 
 
 Matsuyama, Rev. F., a witness 
 for Christ in Japan, 128 
 
 Mawhinney, R. B., heroic serv- 
 ice of, in famine relief in 
 India, 146 
 
 Medical Missions, philanthropic 
 results of, 97, 177 
 
 Mengo, cathedral at, 90 
 
 Men's Foreign Missionary Con- 
 ventions, at Omaha, 42 ; at 
 Philadelphia, 43 ; convention 
 of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church at Richmond, 43 
 
 Meshakah, Michial, his witness 
 to Christianity in Syria, 141 
 
 Methodius, mission of, 31 ; mis- 
 sionary aims of, 166 
 
 Mission Study Classes, 42, 43 
 
 Missions, the new horoscope of, 
 10, II; true aim of, 23, 24 ; 
 worthy of closer attention of 
 scholars, 38, 60, 61 ; loyalty 
 of friends of, in the past, 39 ; 
 the rising tide of interest 
 throughout the Church at the 
 present time, 40-44, 162; 
 their remarkable progress, 
 44; changes in the mission- 
 ary appeal, 45-47 ; strategic 
 aspects of the missionary out- 
 look, 59-101 ; difficulties and 
 hindrances of, 61, 62; apolo- 
 getic value of, 66, 67 ; favour- 
 able testimonies to, 71, 72, 
 143-153 ; optimistic aspects 
 
242 
 
 INDEX 
 
 of, at the present time, 73- 
 96 ; their historical progress, 
 157—159 ; leading aspects of, 
 at the present time, 161; in- 
 creasing literature of, 162 ; 
 facilities for study of, 162, 
 163 ; the individualistic view 
 of, 165 ; nationalistic view of, 
 166, 167 ; cosmopolitan view 
 of, 168-17 1 ; modern achieve- 
 ments of, 173-179; social re- 
 sults of, 90, 133, 134, 179- 
 181 ; racial influence of, 181- 
 185 ; international scope of, 
 185-192 ; more general re- 
 sults of, 192; reflex influence 
 of, 193 ; stimulus of, to feder- 
 ation and unity, 193- 1 98; 
 contribution of, to the sum 
 total of Christian forces in the 
 world, 198-202 ; are we un- 
 duly idealizing them ? 202 ; 
 duty of the pastorate to pro- 
 mote, 203 
 
 Missionary Review of the 
 World, The, cited, 147 
 
 Miyagawa, Rev. Tsuetaru, a 
 Congregationalist pastor of 
 Japan, 128 
 
 Miyake, Rev. A., a Christian 
 Endeavour leader of Japan, 
 128 
 
 Miyama, Rev. K., a witness for 
 Christ in Japan, 128 
 
 Mombasa, as a railway termi- 
 nus, 88 
 
 Money, its investment in mis- 
 sions brings large returns, 99 
 
 Moravian Church, early mis- 
 sionary work of the, 31, 34 
 
 Morrison, Rev. Robert, centen- 
 nial commemoration of his 
 arrival in China, 63, 77 ; his 
 entrance into China, 162 
 
 Moslems, missions among the, 
 in the Dutch East Indies, 92 
 
 Motoda, Rev. S., his loyalty to 
 Christianity in Japan, 127 
 
 Moukden, medical work at, 129 
 
 Mountmorres, Lord William, 
 his testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary service, 72 
 
 Mukerji, Rev. Prof. H. L., a 
 prominent Indian Christian 
 educationalist, 137 
 
 Mulligan, William, heroic serv- 
 ice of, in famine relief in 
 India, 146 
 
 Nagercoil, centennial of Lon- 
 don Missionary Society at, 63 
 
 Naoroji, Rev. Dhanjibhai, the 
 celebration of jubilee of his 
 Christian ministry, 136, 137 
 
 Napier, Lord Francis, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 Nashville, Student Volunteer 
 Convention at, 153 
 
 National Life, influence of mis- 
 sions upon, 181-185 
 
 National Missionary Society of 
 India, formation of, 87 
 
 Navalkar, Rev. R., a prominent 
 Indian Christian author, 135 ; 
 hymns written by the, 136 ; 
 his services toward Bible 
 translation into Marathi, 136 
 
 Neesima, Rev. Joseph Hardy, 
 his noble witness to Chris- 
 tianity in Japan, 118, 127 
 
 Nestorian Church in Persia, 94 
 
 New Guinea, prominent mis- 
 sionaries in, 123 ; faithful 
 missionary service of South 
 Sea native Christians in, 123- 
 125 ; the roll of martyrdom 
 in, 123, 124 
 
 Nicholson, Sir Frederick Au- 
 gustus, favourable testimony 
 of, to missionary service, 72, 
 147 
 
INDEX 
 
 243 
 
 Nigeria, Church Missionary So- 
 ciety missions in, 152 
 
 Nitobe, Prof. Inazo, a well- 
 known Japanese Christian, 
 128 
 
 Niwa, Mr. S., a Japanese Y. M. 
 C. A. Secretary, 128 
 
 Northcote, Lord Henry Staf- 
 ford, his testimony to value of 
 missionary service, 72 
 
 Northfield, address of Sir Fred- 
 erick Nicholson at, 147 
 
 Norton, Thomas H., his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Nyassa, Lake, Scotch missions 
 around, 91 
 
 Okuno, Rev. M., a prominent 
 Christian pastor in Japan, 128 
 
 Omaha, convention of Presby- 
 terian laymen at, 42 
 
 O'Neill, T., martyrdom of, 1 13 
 
 Opium, efforts in China to sup- 
 press traffic in, 81 
 
 Oriental, religious capabilities 
 of the average, 202 
 
 Outlook, The Missionary, op- 
 timistic features of, 73-96; 
 its cosmopolitanism, 161-171 
 
 Padmanji, Rev. Baba, a noted 
 Indian Christian author, 135 ; 
 his services toward Bible 
 translation into Marathi, 136 
 
 Pan-Islamism, the menace of, 
 189, 190 
 
 Pao, the "Apostle of Lifu," 
 125 ; monument erected to 
 memory of, 126 
 
 Pariahs, The, effects of Chris- 
 tian missions among, 63, 139, 
 140 
 
 Parsis, The, jubilee of a promi- 
 nent convert among, 137 
 
 Pastors, missionary information 
 a source of inspiration to, 56 
 
 Patteson, Rt. Rev. John Cole- 
 ridge, martyrdom of, 112 
 
 Paul, native evangelist in the 
 Congo, 120 
 
 Paul, Rev. Samuel, a noted In- 
 dian Christian author, 135 
 
 Paulinus, mission of, 30 
 
 Peking, Medical Missionary 
 College at, 81 
 
 Persecution, the sufferings of 
 victims in the Boxer uprising, 
 114-117 
 
 Persia, missions in, 94 ; political 
 changes in, 94 ; Deacon Abra- 
 ham and Mirza Ibrahim as 
 Christian witnesses in, 141 
 
 Pestonji, Rev. Hormazdji, an 
 Indian pastor, in connection 
 with the Baptist Missionary 
 Society, 136 
 
 Philadelphia, convention of 
 Presbyterian men at, 43 
 
 Philanthropy of Missions, 177 
 
 Phillips, Rt. Rev. Charles, a 
 distinguished African Chris- 
 tian, 119 
 
 Plutschau, Henry, entrance into 
 India of, 31 ; bi-centenary 
 celebration of his landing in 
 India, 62 
 
 Pomare, King, his early witness 
 to the Gospel in Tahiti, 118 
 
 Port Moresby, mission cemetery 
 at, 124 
 
 " Prayer Storms," as a feature 
 of religious excitement in 
 India, 86 
 
 Presbyterian Board, its mission 
 in Korea, 75, 76 
 
 Presbyterian Church in the 
 United States of America, 
 great numbers of people 
 within its foreign mission ter- 
 ritory, 98 
 
244 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Press, changed tone of secular 
 journals in their references to 
 missions, 67-70; more fre- 
 quent references to missions 
 in the public, 162, 163 
 
 Princeton University, foreign 
 mission work of, 42 
 
 Pyeng Yang, churches in, 75 
 
 Race Problems, missions a 
 helpful solvent of, 190-192 
 
 Races, Non-Christian, changed 
 estimate of the value of their 
 cooperation in promoting the 
 progress of the Church, 45- 
 47 ; the contribution they 
 may make to the sum total of 
 Christian influence in the 
 world, 108, 202 
 
 Radstock, Lord Granville, his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Rahman, Abdul, an Indian 
 Christian witness from the 
 ranks of Islam, 135 
 
 Rainitrimo, Christian convert in 
 Madagascar, 120-122 
 
 Rallia Ram, M. L., a noted In- 
 dian Christian author, 135 
 
 Ramabai, Pundita, revival ex- 
 periences in her homes for 
 widows and orphans, 86 ; 
 prominent as a philanthropist, 
 
 139 
 
 Ramsay, Prof. William M., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Ranavalona I, Queen, persecu- 
 tion of Christians during the 
 reign of, in Madagascar, 121 
 
 Rasalama, the first Christian 
 martyr in Madagascar, 122 
 
 Ratnagiri, revival in, 86 
 
 Richmond, Protestant Episcopal 
 Convention at, 43 
 
 Roman Empire, Holy, political 
 
 and ecclesiastical ideals of 
 
 the, 19 
 Ross, Rev. John, Korean New 
 
 Testament prepared by, 76 ; 
 
 his biography of Wang, the 
 
 Manchurian evangelist, 129 
 Ruatoka, native evangelist in 
 
 New Guinea, from the South 
 
 Sea Islands, 125 
 
 Sahu, Rev. Shem, his serv- 
 ices toward Bible translation 
 into Uriya, 136 
 
 Sainthood, the roll-call of 
 modern saints, 141 ; Dr. 
 Hatch's poem on, 142 
 
 Samoan Islands, native preach- 
 ers and teachers from the, 123 
 
 Sangle, K. R., Marathi hymn 
 writer, 136 
 
 Sarkis, Ibrahim, his witness to 
 Christianity in Syria, 141 
 
 Sastri, Vedanayaga, Tamil 
 hymn writer, 136 
 
 Sato, Dr. S., a Christian educa- 
 tionalist of Japan, 128 
 
 Satow, Sir Ernest, his testimony 
 to value of missionary serv- 
 ice, 72 
 
 Satthianadhan, Krupabai, an 
 Indian Christian authoress of 
 distinction, 139 
 
 Satthianadhan, Mrs. Samuel, a 
 prominent Indian Christian, 
 editor of The Indian Ladies* 
 Magazine, 139 
 
 Satthianadhan, Prof. Samuel, 
 Christian personality of, 138, 
 139 ; his lecture course in 
 America, 138; an Indian 
 witness to Christianity of ex- 
 ceptional value, 138 
 
 Satthianadhan, Rev. W. T., a 
 prominent Tamil clergyman, 
 in connection with the Church 
 
INDEX 
 
 245 
 
 Missionary Society, until his 
 death, in 1892, 136 
 Sawayama, Rev. Paul, a dis- 
 tinguished preacher of Japan, 
 
 I2 7 
 
 Schwartz, Christian Friedrich, 
 
 entrance into India of, 31 
 
 Science, contribution of mis- 
 sionaries to, 192, 193 
 
 Scott-Moncrieff, Col. G. K., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
 Sectarianism, out of place in 
 mission fields, 193-198 ; wan- 
 ing power of, in home 
 Churches, 197, 198 
 
 Seoul, Severance Hospital at, 
 
 143 
 Severance Hospital, commenda- 
 tion of work at the, by Lieu- 
 tenant-General MacArthur, 
 
 143 
 
 Severinus, mission of, 31 
 
 Seward, Hon. George F., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 71 
 
 Shanghai, Centenary Confer- 
 ence at, 49, 63, 77 ; resolu- 
 tions of Conference quoted, 
 104 ; quotation from Records 
 of Conference, 156 
 
 Sheshadri, Rev. Narayan, a 
 noted Indian Christian pas- 
 tor, 136 
 
 Shimada, Hon. Saburo, a 
 Japanese Christian journalist, 
 128 
 
 Shimomura, Prof. K., a Japanese 
 Christian educationalist, 128 
 
 Shome, Mrs. Nirmalabala, a 
 distinguished Indian Chris- 
 tian, 139 
 
 Siam, record of the Rev. Boon 
 Boon-Itt, 133 ; Crown Prince 
 of, quoted with reference to 
 Christian missionaries, 144 
 
 Sibree, Rev. James, quoted, 
 I20, 121, 122 
 
 Simpson, Sir Alexander Rus- 
 sell, his Report upon Christian 
 missions in China, 151, 152 
 
 Singh, Lady Harnum, a promi- 
 nent Indian Christian, 139 
 
 Singh, Miss Lilivati, a repre- 
 sentative Indian Christian, 
 
 139 
 
 Singh, Sir Harnum, Indian 
 Christian statesman, 137 ; 
 delegate to the coronation of 
 Edward VII, 137 
 
 Sinousis, The, secret movements 
 of, 190 
 
 Slavery, abolition of, in Uganda, 
 as a result of missions, 90; in 
 Barotsiland, 91, 92 
 
 Slavs, The, early missions 
 among, 31 
 
 Smith, Lieutenant Shergold, 
 martyrdom of, 112 
 
 Social Reforms, promotion of, by 
 missions, 179-18 1 
 
 Society for Promoting Christian 
 Knowledge, formation of, 34 
 
 Society for the Propagation of 
 the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 
 formation of, 34 
 
 Soo Thah, his witness to Chris- 
 tianity in Burma, 133— 135 
 
 Sorabji, Mrs., and her daugh- 
 ters, representative Indian 
 Christian women, 139 
 
 South Sea Islands, results of 
 Christian missions in the, 92, 
 126, 127 
 
 Stanley, Sir Henry M., his tes- 
 timony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 Stevenson, Prof. Richard T. 
 quoted, 16 
 
 Stevenson, Robert Louis, his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 72 
 
246 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Student Volunteer Movement, 
 missionary efforts of, 41, 201, 
 202 
 
 Subrahmanyam, Dewan Ba- 
 hadur N., a distinguished In- 
 dian Christian, 137 
 
 Summer Schools and Confer- 
 ences, 43 
 
 Sunday-school Convention at 
 Rome, 41 ; interest in mis- 
 sions at, 41 
 
 Superstition, missionary influ- 
 ence in banishing, 180, 181 
 
 Syen Cheun, Christians in, 75 
 
 Syria,Christian witnesses in, 141 
 
 Taft, Hon. W. H., testimony 
 to value of missions, 71 
 
 Tamura, Rev. N., a Presby- 
 terian clergyman in Japan, 
 128 
 
 Taylor, Mrs. Howard, her 
 biography of Pastor Hsi, 132 
 
 Temple, Sir Richard, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 Tennyson, Lord Alfred, quoted, 
 200, 232 
 
 Testimonies favourable to mis- 
 sions from men in high sta- 
 tions throughout the world, 
 71, 72, 108, I43~ I S4 
 
 Tests of Christian character, 
 the evidential value of, 109, 
 1 10 ; applied to the member- 
 ship of native churches, no, 
 in; native converts able to 
 bear the tests of worthy dis- 
 cipleship, in, 112 
 
 Thompson, Rev. C. S., heroic 
 service of, in famine relief in 
 India, 146 
 
 Tilak, Rev. N. V., a prominent 
 Indian Christian author, 135 ; 
 hymns by, 136 
 
 Tiyo Soga, a native African 
 witness, 118 
 
 Tokyo, Conference of World's 
 Student Christian Federation 
 at, 41, 78 
 
 Tomeoka, Rev. Kosuke, a 
 Japanese Christian social re- 
 former, 128 
 
 Toro, the Christian king of, 119 
 
 Tours, Battle of, 189 
 
 Tract Societies, work of, 44 
 
 Tucker, Rt. Rev. Alfred Robert, 
 quoted with reference to for- 
 mer cruel customs in Uganda, 
 
 89 
 Turkish Empire, missions 
 among the Oriental Christian 
 sects in the, 93 ; faithful Chris- 
 tian witnesses in the, 141 
 
 Uchimura, Rev. Kanzo, a 
 well-known Japanese Chris- 
 tian, 128 
 
 Uemura, Rev. M., a Presby- 
 terian clergyman of Japan, 
 128 
 
 Uganda, results of Christian 
 missions in, 88-91 ; now a 
 British protectorate, 88; im- 
 proved means of transit to, 
 88, 89 ; atrocious cruelties in, 
 before the entrance of mis- 
 sions into, 88 ; signs of 
 rapid Christianization in, 88, 
 90 ; native support of mis- 
 sions in, 90 ; the Mengo Ca- 
 thedral, 90 ; remarkable so- 
 cial transformations in, 90, 
 91 ; the king and many of- 
 ficials of, are Christians, 90, 
 91 ; testimony of Rt. Hon. 
 Winston Churchill with refer- 
 ence to remarkable results of 
 missions in, 149-15 1 ; favour- 
 able comments upon mission- 
 
INDEX 
 
 247 
 
 ary work in, by Mr. George 
 Wilson, 151 
 
 Ulfilas, mission of, 31 
 
 United Society of Christian En- 
 deavour, foreign missionary 
 service of, 41, 201, 202 
 
 Unity, movements in mission 
 fields in the interests of, 48, 
 49 ; increasing interest in, at 
 home and abroad, 193-198 
 
 Universality of the Gospel, its 
 world-wide purpose as taught 
 by Christ, 25-30, 50 ; as 
 taught by Paul, 50 ; Chris- 
 tians and the universal king- 
 dom, 52; cosmopolitan pro- 
 gramme of modern missions, 
 161-171 
 
 Vajiravudh, Prince Chowfa 
 Maha, Crown Prince of 
 Siam, his appreciation of 
 Christian missionaries, 144 
 
 Victoria Nyanza, railway to the, 
 88 
 
 Wadhams, Com. A. V., his 
 testimony to value of mission- 
 ary service, 71 
 
 Wanamaker, Hon. John, his tes- 
 timony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Wang, Manchurian evangelist, 
 129, 130 
 
 Watanabe, Judge N., a promi- 
 nent Christian leader of 
 Japan, 128 
 
 Watkinson, Rev. W. L., quoted, 
 
 58 
 
 Waziris, The, ministry of the 
 Rev. John Williams (an In- 
 dian Church Missionary So- 
 ciety clergyman), among, 136 
 
 Welinkar, Prof. N. G., a dis- 
 tinguished Indian Christian, 
 137 
 
 Wesleyan Missionary Society, 
 organization of the, 35 
 
 Westcott, Rt. Rev. Brooke 
 Foss, remark of, with refer- 
 ence to the conversion of 
 India, 199 
 
 Williams, Rt. Rev. C. M., en- 
 trance of, into Japan, 162 
 
 Williams, Rev. John, martyr- 
 dom of, 112 
 
 Williams, Rev. John, Indian 
 Christian, his ministry among 
 the Waziris, 136 
 
 Willibrord, mission of, 31 
 
 Wilson, George, his favourable 
 testimony to missionary work 
 in Uganda, 151 
 
 Wilson, Philip Whitwell, quo- 
 tation from his article on the 
 value of missions, in the 
 Chronicle of the London Mis- 
 sionary Society for March, 
 1908, 147, 148 
 
 Wingate, Sir Andrew, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 148, 149 
 
 Witnesses, the testimony of 
 many, to the value of mis- 
 sions, 71, 72, 108, 143-153; 
 a new " cloud " of, 105-154; 
 meaning of the word, as used 
 in Hebrews 12 : I, 105-107 ; 
 our mission converts worthy 
 witnesses, 107, 110-112; 
 martyr witnesses in China 
 and elsewhere, 1 12-125; 
 martyr witnesses among mis- 
 sionaries, 112, 113; the wit- 
 ness testimony of faithful 
 lives of native converts, 117- 
 142 ; in New Guinea, 123 ; 
 in Lifu, 125 ; in the South 
 Sea Islands, 126; in Japan, 
 127, 128; in Korea, 128, 
 129; in China, 129-133; in 
 Siam, 133; in Burma, 133- 
 
248 
 
 INDEX 
 
 135; in India, 1 35-140 ; in 
 Syria, 141 ; in Persia, 141 ; 
 in Turkey, 141 
 
 Woodburn, Sir John, his testi- 
 mony to value of missionary 
 service, 72 
 
 World-consciousness, deepen- 
 ing of, in the Church, 17-56 
 
 World's Student Christian Fed- 
 eration, Conference of, at 
 Tokyo, 41, 78 
 
 Wright, Hon. Luke E., his tes- 
 timony to value of missionary 
 service, 71 
 
 Yale University, foreign 
 
 mission work of, 42 
 Yamamoto, Mr. T., a Japanese 
 
 Christian social reformer, 128 
 Young, Sir William Mackworth, 
 
 his testimony to value of mis- 
 sionary service, 72 
 
 Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, foreign mission work of 
 the, 40, 156; enthusiasm of, 
 in missionary service, 201, 
 202 
 
 Young People's Missionary 
 Movement, mission study 
 classes and conventions of, 
 42 
 
 Young Women's Christian As- 
 sociation, foreign mission 
 work of the, 40, 41, 201, 
 202 
 
 ZlEGENBALG, BARTHOLOMEW, 
 
 his entrance into India, 31 ; 
 bi-centenary celebration of 
 his landing in India, 62 
 
By JAMES S. DENNIS, D. D. 
 
 The New Horoscope of Missions 
 
 12mo, cloth, $1.00 net. 
 
 Lectures delivered at McCormick Theological 
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 Christian Missions and 
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 A Sociological Study of Foreign Mis- 
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 Now Complete. Vol. I— 4th edition, 2.50 ; Vol. 
 II— 2d edition, 2.50; Vol. Ill, 2.50 net. 
 General Table of Contents, Vol. I., The 
 Sociological Scope of Christian Missions. The 
 Social Evils of the Non-Christian World. In- 
 effectual Remedies, and the Causes of their 
 Failure. Christianity the Social Hope of the 
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 Contribution of Christian Missions to Social 
 Progress. 
 
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ENCYCLOPEDIC 
 
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 General Table of Contents, Vol. I., The Sociological 
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 Christian World. Ineffectual Remedies, and the Causes of 
 their Failure. Christianity the Social Hope of the Nations. 
 Vol. II., The Dawn of a Sociological Era in Missions. The 
 Contributions of Christian Missions to Social Progress. 'Vol. 
 III., Contribution of Christian Missions to Social Progress. 
 
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 a full view of Christian Missions in what is agreed by every 
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 JAMES 5. DENNIS, D.D. 
 
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 Mohammedan World of Today 
 
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 D.D., E. M. WHERRY, D.D. 
 
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HISTORICAL 
 
 The Missionary Expansion Since the 
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 Mr. Graham is a missionary of the Scotch Young Men's 
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 Nineteen Centuries of Missions 
 
 MRS. WILLIAM W. SCUDDER 
 
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 Studies in Early Church History 
 
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 In seven earlier volumes all the important epochs of Bible 
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 Foreign Missions After a Century 
 
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HISTORICAL 
 
 Outline of a History of Protestant Mis- 
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 QUSTAV WARNECK 
 
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PRINCIPLES OF MISSIONS 
 
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 CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL, D.D. 
 
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 JOHN ANGELL JAMES 
 
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Theological Seminary-Speer Library 
 
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