■y^. *if ^H m.^' j^x^^^ ^^'% PRINCETON, N. J. <». 5/Jd-//^ Division a ZZi 1 B O Section .»./"> I C!. 1 Number.. DEUTEROGRAPHS Bonl>on HENRY FROWDI-: OXKtJRn UxXIVERSITY Press Wareiiousk Amen Corner, E.C. (Hw 't)orft MAC MILL AN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE u DEUTEROGRAPHS DUPLICATE PASSAGES IN THE OLD TESTAMENT THEIR BEARING ON THE TEXT AND COMPILATION OF THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES ARRANGED AND ANNOTATED BY ROBERT B. GIRDLESTONE, M.A. Honorary Caiioii of Christ Churchy aiid formerly Principal of Wycliffe Hal/, Author of ' I'he Foimdalions of the Bible ' ' Doctor Doctor iiniy ' Syiioiiyms of the Old Testament,^ etc. Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1894 O;i:forb PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS tV HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION § I. Nature and Object of the Work. § 2. State of our Present Hebrew Text. § 3. Mttliod of Compilation. § 4. Historical Authorities referred to or used in the Books of Kings and Chronicles. § 5. On the Tendency of Hebrew Writers to quote from their Contemporaries and Predecessors, and on Modes of Quotation. § 6. The Bearing of the Present Work on Higher Criticism. § 7. Specim,ens of the Grammatical and Idiomatic Changes to be found on comparing A. and B. § 1. Nature and Object of the Work Every stuclcnt of the Bible is aware that there is a great deal of historical matter common to the Books of Samuel and Kings on the one hand and to the Chronicles on the other. In the following pages this common matter is printed in parallel columns, the left column giving the earlier document contained in Samuel and Kings, and here for convenience called A., and the right column exhibiting the work of the Chronicler, here called B. A careful examination of the parallel histories brings out the fact that there is not only a substantial agreement but also a textual relationship between the two records ; in fact, either the second is in certain parts an extract from the first, or else both works have been compiled from a common source. The former of these alternatives seems the more reasonable unless formidable objections can be produced against it, for the construction of imaginary documents generally means the creation of fresh difficulties. A further and more exact collation of the common matter contained in our present Hebrew texts leads to the conclusion that there are numerous additions, omissions, and variations, in B. as compared with A. Some of the variations are simply matters of sjielling. Others are of the nature of dialectal changes, whether verbal or grammatical ; and they thus present us with distinctions either VI DEUTEROGRAPHS. between eai-lier and later Hebrew or between classical and provincial dialect. Other changes are paraphrastic, the writer of B, not feeling himself absolutely tied to follow the letter of A. Lastly, there are what we may call textual corruptions ; and it is noticeable that B. sometimes retains a better reading than we have in our present copies of A. In the present work the relationship between the common matter and the distinctive materials in A. and B. is exhibited partly by the use of brackets and partly by the short headings which indicate insertions between section and section. Some sections exhibit far greater closeness of relationship than others, and a few can hardly be said to present identical texts at all. The problem of compilation is thus brought clearly before the eye, and it becomes a basis for investigations into the classes of material which the compiler of B. had before him, whilst it suggests considerations with respect to the planning of other historical books. It also affords some illustration of the method possibly adopted by the synoptists in the New Testament — for A. and B. are practically to a large extent synoptists. It would be confusing, if not impossible, to exhibit all the verbal and grammatical variations which are brought to light in the collation of the parallel Hebrew texts, though none of them are without interest. Only those have been marked and commented on which are most suggestive of dialectal differences or of textual readings. These last have been illustrated from the LXX, which sometimes (probably through the possession of a better text) harmonizes the variations. The K.V. has been generally followed, but it has occasionally been altered so as to introduce greater verlxal uniformity between the renderings of parallel texts. The long paragraphs of the R.V. have been broken up and harmonized to aid in the comparison between section and section. The 8vo Hebrew Bible of the British and Foreign Bible Society has been followed throughout as presenting the standard Masoretic text. English readers may be reminded that the Hebrew language is much more condensed than the English. Thus, the words 'like 'or ' as ' stand for one Hebrew letter, 'the children of for three letters, * therefore ' sometimes stands for a single letter, ' I beseech thee ' for two ; in fact, the change of a single INTRODUCTION. Vll letter in Hebrew may frequently involve the alteration of two or three words in English. While the sections as printed exhibit all the matter belonging to Samuel and Kings which is rejiroduced in the Chronicles, there have been added for jjurposes of comparison the eighteenth Psalm, certain passages from Isaiah and Jeremiah, and an extract from Ezra which is reproduced in Nehemiah. In these cases attention is called rather to early textual corruption than to dialectal changes, as these could hardly be expected in the case of works of so nearly the same date. In order to exhibit the state of the two texts to the greatest advantage additions in one text as compared with the other are indicated by square brackets ; omissions by dots ; and variations by italics. The verses referred to in the notes follow the numbers in A., unless B. is specially named. The text in the body of each section is continuous unless the contrary is stated. A few remarks may now be offered on the results obtained by the present collation, first in their bearing on the state of our present text, and secondly in the illustrations which they afford of the way in which ancient historical books were compiled. § 2. State of our Present Hebrew Text. The first thing that strikes the student of these parallel texts is the startling amount of variation which exists between text and text, where not only the subject matter but also the literaiy material is manifestly the same. So far as we can judge from the Hebrew books which we possess, it seems to have been j^ractically impossible for one writer to copy out a long extract from another without introducing variations. Before attempting any theory on the subject it is well to look the facts steadily in the face. (a) There are changes in letters which are similar in ajD- pearance or in sound. Thus "i and 1 were easily mistaken, as in Hadad and Hadar ; so were "• and 1, as in Toi and Tou or Hiram and Huram^ ; so apparently were n and O, which in the case of prepositions makes the difference between ' in ' and ' from ' (see 1 The Phoenician or Okl Hebrew letters answering to these could not easily be mistaken for one another, so that the variations (if accidental) have sprung np since the days when ' sqiiarc Hebrew ' was used for writing on vellum. Vlll DEUTEROGEAPHS. 2 Sam. 7. 6 and i Chron. 17. 5) ; also 3 and D, as in Sholjach and Shophach ; similarly, 7 and 72, "i and 2, ~i and b are substituted for each other. {h) Sometimes a new reading took its starting-point from one of these literal variations that grew up in the course of copying. Thus DIN (2 Sam. 8. 13) may become DIN and then DHN, so that Edom is substituted for Aram, i.e. Syria. For other instances see 2 Sam. 7. 11, and 23. 11. (c) Transpositions are frequent, being sometimes deliberate, perhaps for the sake of euphony, and at other times accidental. Thus we have Hasra and Harhas, Araunah and Oman, almug and algum, Betah and Tibhath, Tiglath and Tilgath. (d) There are contractions, some of which were probably provincial and colloquial, like our English ' t'other ' for ' the other,' as ^''ND for •'n"'N-p. (e) There is the well-known variation between the ' full ' and ' defective ' vocalization. This is very frequently to be found, the ' full ' being usually in the later record, but not always. The most interesting variation under this head is to be seen in the name of David, which is with hardly an exception spelt with four letters in B. i^)!^, but with only three letters in A. (nn). (/) Certain prepositions resembled one another both in sound and sense, though not absolutely identical ; notably there are the three, ?, pH, and 7y. These are sometimes pre- fixed to other local and temporal expressions, as in the words ' before,' ' after,' ' around,' ' about ; ' and it is not easy to trace the law of variation. Some instances will be noticed in the body of the book. [g) The name niH'' (Jehovah) appears sometimes to have been written in a shorter form, either as iT' or as '"'', and this accounts for such a variation as is to be seen in 2 Chron. 3G. 23 comi)ai'ed with Ezra 1. 3. (But see p. 136, note ^.) (h) In names compounded with Jehovah there are two terminations used variably in the Hebrew, jahu and jah, as Elijahu and Elijah; there are also two initial forms, as Jehoram and Joram ; again, there was a tendency to compress or contract still further, as in the case of Micah for Micaiah ; and occasionally we find inversions, as Jehoahaz for Ahaziah ; and omissions, as Alji for Abijah and Zabad (Zachar ?) for Jozachar. INTRODUCTION. IX (j) A copyist would sometimes unwittingly insert a similar word or a synonym for the word which he ought to write, e.g. 113 for nX3, 2D' for 2i:'\ "i?:n for im, p"|-HD for t:n?D. These synonyms are sometimes deliberately embodied in proper names ; thus we have the names Uzz-iah and Azar-iah for the same person. Occasionally the sense of two alternative names is contrasted rather than synonymous, as in the case of Zei^haniah and Uriel. (Jc) There are other changes, owing to the tendency of the Hebrew mind to i>lay upon words or to make variations Avherever it was legitimate, e.g. C'U3 and Du'D. Proper names were sometimes peculiarly affected bj^ these tendencies ; thus we have the substitution of Bosheth for Baal, or vice versa, in the name Mephibosheth. Perhaps this would account for the form Abed-nego. See also Beeliada for Eliada. (l) Later forms are substituted for earlier in many instances. Thus the final n in proper names tends to become N (or \ as in Necho), though the rule is not absolute. Darmesek seems certainly later than Dammesek as the Hebrew spelling of Damascus. The change in the spelling of David's name has already been adverted to. B. tends to a final th in a certain class of names, putting Shimrith for Shinier, Tikvath for Tikvah, and Jehoshabeath for Jehosheba. It is not easy to say why B. substitutes Pilnezer for Pilezer. Sanherib was simply a contraction for Sennacherib. Aramaic pronunciation sometimes asserted itself, as when Samuel {lit. Shamiiel) became Shemuel, and Joshua Jesliua ; but Joshua reappears in the Book of Zechariah. (m) New words were substituted where the old had gone out of use, or where they were not familiar to the writer. Thus B. puts niJ2 for jno (2 Sam. 21. 20). The word '•JN for 'navy' does not seem to have accommodated itself to the Hebrew mind, perhaps being a foreign form, or possibly because it was in such constant use for another purpose, and so B. reverted to the word iT'JN, the ordinary name for a ship. Similarly, the words used in 2 Sam. 6. 1 6 for ' leaping and dancing' occur nowhere else, and B. adopts ordinary words in their place. The case of the word ' cake ' in the same chapter is interesting. A.'s word is only used elsewhere in the Penta- teuch (Exod. , Lev., Num.), and B. substitutes a word in common X DEUTEROGKAPHS. use. Compare the names of the musical instruments in an earlier part of the chapter. (;?) Writers have their own fashions, their own idioms, and their own predilections for certain theological w^ords. By far the most noteworthy and interesting is the tendency of B. to substitute the name God for Jehovah. This tendency is to be seen all through the body of the work, and it deserves serious attention. Other tendencies may be named. Thus, whilst A. is inclined to write 'the House of Israel,' B. writes 'Israel ; ' A. prefers Ark, B. Ark of the Covenant ; A. gives prepositions, whilst B. tends to insert nx as the mark of an accusative (see e.g. 2 Chron. 18. 26). The Hebrew student will notice other variations bearing on forms of pronouns (A. ''3iX and B. '•JN), and on the number of the verb after collective nouns (A. preferring the sing, verb and B. the plural). But whilst there are these tendencies there is not absolute consistency in either A. or B. in spelling, grammar, or idiom. A list of the most instructive variations of this class is appended to the introduction. (0) The variations in numbers are well known and veiy perjDlexing. B. tends to turn hundreds into thousands, and sometimes the LXX does the same. Amongst B.'s departures from the numbers contained in the present text of A. we find 3 for 8, 6 for 3, 5 for 2, 50 for 20, 40 for 20, 8 for 18, 5 for 3, 7 for 5, 5 for 7. No theory of expressing numerals by letters fully explains these cases, yet we cannot detect anything delibei-ate or systematic about them. The LXX sometimes harmonizes A, and B., either of set purpose or through the possession of a different text ; the latter seems most probable. (2)) B. evidently felt at liberty to condense, expand, paraphrase, omit, and comment. He sometimes substituted the ' oblique ' for the ' direct ' narration. He also transposed, e.g. the 'cities of their land' for 'the land of their cities' (2 Chron. G. 28). {q) Many omissions are simply copyists' slips, especially in the lists of proper names, or where the eye has gone on from one word to a similar one further along. Considering the care which is now bestowed on the text of the Hebrew Scriptures it is strange and sad to discover the lack of accuracy with which the ancient scribes did their ^^■ork. A tendency to variation INTEODUCTION. XI from the original seems to have been as constant a law in the literary world as it is in the natural. Both prose and poetry suffered from it. We may be grateful, however, to the later Masoretic school, not only for putting a stop to such variation, but also for having abstained from attempting to undo the mischief which had been already done. Had they ' harmonized and restored ' the text, including idioms, sjDelling, and numera- tion, the loss would have been serious. On reviewing the substantial and textual variations between A. and B., the problem as to the original text becomes in- creasingly difficult. Shall we lay all the fault of variations on the original writers ? or shall we attribute it to late copyists ? How many of them are unintentional ? and how many are deliberate, if not systematic ? No solution wholly commends itself to the mind. We may safely say that neither A. nor B., as we now have them, represents the original MS. The text of the LXX shows us that many of the variations which we observe must have existed in the copies possessed by the Greek translators, whilst others have grown up in later days. One thing is clear ; the original writer of B. allowed himself great latitude in following A., and perhaps the text of A. had already begun to suffer before it was made use of by the Chronicler, though we can hardly imagine that it had been often copied out before his time. On the other hand, strict accuracy in reproduction was evidently not to be had in those days. It should be added that many of the variations to which attention is directed are more or less analogous with those contained in early MSS. of the New Testament. The conclusion we come to is that a large amount of responsibility for the state of the text of both A. and B, must be borne by the sciibes who lived in the centuries immediately before and after the Christian era. Since the rise of the Masoretic school the text with all its blemishes has been practically stereotyped ; and it remains a task for the modern critical school to point out the nature and cause of the existing variations, and to suggest the best method of approaching a text more exactly representing the original. Professor Driver's work on the Books of Samuel in many respects furnishes us with an example of what is needed to be done in this direction. The most serious matter for reflection remains to be stated ; XU DEUTEEOGEArHS. if SO many corruptions of the text are found in both A. and B. in places where we can compare them, we can hardly avoid the conclusion that other parts of the Old Testament have been subjected to the same law of decay. If B. frequently gives us an older text of A. than our present copies or even the MSS. of the LXX afford, so that we can often correct A. by means of B., what are we to say of the other parts of the Old Testa- ment which are not given to us in duplicate ? Without hastily setting down eveiy inconsistency as a false reading, we must be prejjared to acknowledge that there may be — nay, there must be — a considerable amount of textual corruption in all the books, and we must give due credit to the LXX as frequently suggesting the true reading. Father Houbigant's great effort to amend the Hebrew by means of the LXX, even if fanciful at times, was a step in the right direction. A word of caution must be added with regard to many of the variations which have been discussed. The critic is at first sight inclined to regard as textual corru]3tions or different readings what are probably delil^erate dialectal or verbal changes. Many a time we are tempted to correct a text and bring it into uniformity with its fellows, in forgetfulness of the fact that the Hebrew writers love variation and delight in playing on words and sentences. Thus, in the forty-second Psalm we read (verse 5), ' Hope thou in God, for I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance ; ' and further down (verse 1 1), ' Hope thou in God, for I shall yet praise him who is the health of my countenance and my God.' A Western critic instinctively desires to correct the former verse in the light of the latter, which reappears in the next Psalm ; but it is unreasonable to touch the Hebrew on such a ground. Ancient hymn-writers knew what they were about and varied their words accordingly. Compare the ends of the verses in Bonar's well-known hymn, 'A few more years shall roll.' § 3. Method of Comi)Uaflon. Turning from the subject of text to that of compilation, it is interesting to observe the way in which distinct sets of materials give way, from time to time, to substantial agree- ment, and that, in its turn, speedily develops into literal identity. B. (whether he was an individual or whether the INTRODUCTION. XIU work sprang from a school of -writers) manifestly had before him the work we call A., either in its present or (as is more prohal)le) in a somewhat enlarged form. A. is undoubtedly the work of a school rather than of an individual, and may be compared in this respect with our Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which was evidently a growth under the hands of a monastic order. We owe A. to the great prophetic school. There was an order and succession of prophets from Samuel onwards, largely, but perhaps not wholly, of the Levitical tribe, whose business, amongst other things, was to record certain aspects of the histor)' of Israel. The books are in the true sense of the word prophetic and written by those who were moved by the Spirit of God. Hence the Jews regarded them as the works of 'the earlier prophets,' and Christians esteem them as inspired and as authoritative, at any rate so far as concerns their special domain. There were always secular official writers, recorders, registrars, and scribes, who would write annals, genealogies, and similar documents, and all their works would be stored up in the king's courts. But the prophetic and historical works were of another order altogether, and the contiibutions of the various prophets (either the original MSS. or copies) would sooner or later find their way to the Temple archives. This would be the case not only with the Judean writings, but also with those that had to do with the northern kingdom. The whole land was very small and commvuiications were constant except in times of civil war. Elijah's letter to the king of Judah and Hezekiah's letters to the northern tribes are illustrations of this. The prophetic and contemporary materials which form A., and which from an historical point of view are of supreme value, had apparently been threaded together into a continuous narrative before the work of B. was taken in hand, though B. had a traditional knowledge of the names of the different authors which otherwise we should have lost. It was no slight task which the editor of the A. materials had to perform. We may regard him as the residuary legatee of the prophetico- historical school, and as such he must have had before him a number of rolls bearing the names of Samuel and other writers, some representing the southern kingdom and some the northern, all written in the same tone and more or less in XIV DEUTEEOGRAPHS. the same style, though some would naturally be more provincial than others. These materials he would have to harmonize, and to arrange in chronological order. In this he would be guided not only by traditional knowledge, but also by means of official lists and annals of kings, which may have been some- what similar to the well-known Assyrian canon, though probably much more detailed. He would then have to Aveld the various writings into a connected narrative which should keej) the history of the two kingdoms running side by side without confusion. The more this wonderful feat is examined the more it will be admired. At length the whole was accom- plished, in the age and possibly under the direction of Jere- miah or his scribe Baruch. The city Tahpanhes, which was Jeremiah's adopted home in Egypt, is now known to have been a centre of literary activity and the meeting-place of Eastern and Greek civilization. Copies of A. (in full or slightly condensed) could easily have been made and sent to the captives on the Tigris, Euphrates, and Chebar ; and we can imagine the interest with which they would be read. The last verses of A. referring to the days of Evil Merodach would be appended to one of these copies in the East and to an Eastern copy of Jeremiah at the same time. The work of B., the Chronicler, must now be considered. In the first place B., who may be taken for convenience as a single writer, discards as far as practicable all the record of A. which precedes the death of Saul and all the later part of the record which has to do with the history of the northern kingdom. He concentrates his attention on the history of the southern kingdom. His business is to trace the line of David and his kingdom from its beginning to his own time, or at least to the Eeturn. Accordingly the Books of A. and B. begin to run parallel at the account of Saul's death. This nai'rative has its natural place in A., but how does it stand in B. ? It is preceded by nine chapters of a genealogical character, based partly on older Biblical documents, and running down from Adam to the Captivity j)eriod, and even beyond it. These chapters are not wholly consecutive, but are of the nature of extracts from state and family archives. They deserve the most patient study, both because of their contents, and because of their jieculiarities in spelling, arrangement, and date. INTRODUCTION. XV B. 's attention is now concentrated on the reign of David. He gives a few extracts from A., leaving out a great many incidents, and inserting from other sources various documents bearing on the internal administration of the kingdom and on the priestly and Levitical ordinances. There were no doubt sacred as well as secular recorders and registrars in those daj^s. Samuel, Nathan, and Gad had formed (if they had not followed) a precedent for sacred historical writing (i Chron. 29. 29) which the priests and Levites were not slow to imitate, and from the extant records which had passed on from their times B. must have completed his narrative. B. gives next to no additional matter for the reign of Solomon, and omits a great deal of A.'s record ; but from the time of the disruption he is decidedly more full than A., as may be seen by examining the reigns of Eehoboam, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and almost all the other kings up to the death of Josiah. After the time of this king the stoiy became veiy much abbreviated. The additional matter in all these sections is very much of one character, and tends to bring out the prophetic together with the Levitical element in the histoiy, the house of Asaph being particularly eonsj^icuous. The work may be compared in this respect with the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle, which so frequently emphasizes the monastic element in English history. A lesson of confidence in God is constantly being impressed on the reader, and the need of loyal obedience to His Word is shown to be the secret of national prosperity. Thus it comes to pass that B.'s histoiy of the southern kingdom is fuller than A.'s ; but there is one remarkable exception, viz. the nan-ative of Sennacherib's invasion. B. gives only a slight sketch of it. But if two full accounts were already in existence, one in the Books of Kings and the other in the appendix to the first part of Isaiah, that would be a sufficient reason for B.'s abbreviation. There is a somewhat similar phenomenon in the case of the narrative of the capture of Jerusalem. A. gives a detailed account, and it is reproduced as an appendix to Jeremiah ; B. consequently only gives the briefest outline. The closing verses of the Chronicles overlap the opening sentences of Ezra, that is to say of the Jeshua-Zerubbabel XVI DEUTEROGRAPHS. naiTative which is prefixed to Ezra's own story, and they break off in the middle of a sentence. How is this to be accounted for ? Is it a scribe's oversight ? If so, it indicates that in old times Ezra folloAved Chronicles in the order of the books. It can hardly, however, be an oversight. It looks like a deliberate postscript referring the reader to the Book of Ezra for a con- tinuation of the history, and reminding him that God had not forgotten His promises, but had raised up a deliverer in the person of Cyrus. It is quite unnecessary to fix an absolute date for the compilation of either A. or B. The class of argument with which we are familiar in dealing with the date of the Acts of the Apostles is more or less valid for giving aiDproximate dates to these works. There seems no reason for bringing A. down beyond the date of Jeremiah and Baruch, for the last sentences are probably an appendix by a later hand. Nor does there appear to be any necessity for bringing B. beyond the age of Nehemiah, if indeed it need come so low. It was evidently written whilst some works were still in existence which subsequently perished, and before the traditions (oral and written) of the prophetical and Levitical schools had passed into oblivion. § 4. Historical Authorities referred to or used in the Boolcs of Kings and Chronicles. A close comparison of the parallel materials raises many questions which it is not easy to solve. How are we to account for the strong tendency in B. to substitute God for Jehovah ? Why does A, (§ 2) omit the important reference to Joab's captaincy which B. inserts ? and so in the case of the fire coming down from heaven (§21) and the Babylonian captivity of Manasseh (§ 47) ? How is it that the Psalms cited together in § 6 do not stand together in the Psalter? How is it that B. often seems to be following A., either exactly or condensing and paraphrasing, and then suddenly divei'ges, as in the sale of Araunah's stock and threshing-fioor (§ 14)? How much of B.'s explanatory matter is his own, and what is copied from older documents extant in his time? But the most important question concerns the historical materials which A. and B. cite, the formula; of citation being substantially INTRODUCTION. XVll though not absohitely identical in the two works. It is note- worthy that A. cites no authority for the history of David (i Kings 2. lo), l)ut gives subsequent authorities thus : — For Solomon's reign — The Book of the Acts of Solomon. Eehoboam's Abijam's Asa's Jehoshaphat's Jehoram's Joash's Amaziah's Azariah's Jotham's Ahaz's Hezekiah's Manasseh's Josiah's Jehoiakim's Jehoiachin's and Zedekiah's The Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah. ditto. ditto. No record (the same is the case with Ahaziah and Jehoahaz). The Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah. ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. No record. The book referred to in this list, being the same throughout, was doubtless the official record of the reigns, kept by the public scribes. This work probably perished or was carried off at the downfall of Jerusalem. The record of the northern kingdom was of course a wholly distinct work. It is referred to at the time of Jeroboam's death as ' the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel.' It is also mentioned in connexion with Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zmiri, Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehu, Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jero- boam II, Zeehariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah. These Chronicles must have been of the same character as the southern records, and probably perished at the fall of Samaria. The work included under A. is of a totally different character from both these records, though it refers to them so frequently. As we have seen already, it was rightly regarded by the Jews as the work of the prophetic school. These men, whether b XVlll DEUTEROGEAPHS. Levites oi' from othei' tribes, were the true consei'vers of sacred teaching and literature, and they felt themselves moved or called upon to carry on the record of God's dealings with His people century after century. Thus, three projihets wrote conjointly the life of David (i Chron. 29. 29), and three the life of Solomon (2 Chron. 9. 29), two the life of Eehoboam, and one the life of Abijah (2 Chron. 12. 15 and 13. 22) ; one prophet wrote Jehoshaphat's life (2 Chron. 20. 34), whilst Isaiah wrote the records of the reigns of Uzziah and Hezekiah (2 Chron. 26. 22 and 32. 32). This is the class of materials from which A. is mainly if not wholly composed, and consequently B. also. But there are other records named in B. For the rest of Asa's reign and for some other reigns we are referred to ' the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel' (2 Chron. 16. 11. Compare 27. 7 ; 28. 26 ; 35. 27 ; 36. 8). Thus there was a work in existence which combined the narratives of the northern and southern kingdoms. The ' Story of the Book of Kings' (2 Chron. 24. 27) was possibly the same book. We have one such combined history still extant, that is to say our Book of Kings. Is it probable that there was another independent work of the same class? This is not likely, though our jDresent book is certainly not so full as it was originally. Can we say then decidedly that our Book of Kings was referred to by name in the Chronicles ? It seems reason- able to answer in the affirmative, though high authorities express their doubts. There is one verse which specially confirms the view thus taken, viz. 2 Chron. 32. 32, where the record of Hezekiah's life is described both as the work of Isaiah and as included in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel. The conclusion we reach is that both A. and B. were the work of prophetic men, the latter being largely based on the former, but partly composed from^ additional materials of the same class. It should bo added that occasionally B. is unintelligible without reference to A., as in 2 Chron. 10. 15, and that sometimes what was true when A. Avas written was not so in the time of B., though he leaves the extract uncorrected, as in 2 Chron. 5. 9. INTRODUCTION. XIX It is to be observed that although B. so often refers to other extant materials, and although he incorporates so much of A. in his text, he never introduces formal citations from it, so that he does not jiledge himself to be giving strict extracts. In fact, if we had not A. to compare with B., we should be wholly ignorant of the extent to which the latter was indebted to the former. Similarly, A. never tells us that his work is composed from ancient and contemi^orary sources. We are left to find this out for ourselves. At the same time, both A. and B. confirm or illustrate their narratives by occasional reference to another class of literature, as when the Chronicler speaks of ' the collection which Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness' (2 Chron. 24. 9), or when the writer of A. quotes a passage from Deuteronomy (24. 16), which he calls 'the Book of the Law of Moses,' as furnishing the ground on which Amaziah acted in not slaying the sons of his father's murderers (see 2 Kings 14. 6). Having regard to this historical reserve on the part of the compilers, we are led to ask how far A., or the final compiler of A., left his original materials untouched. These materials are the records of prophets who were contemporary with the events which they narrate, and who occupied a responsible position towards man and towards God ; consequently they are amongst the greatest treasures of ancient literature, both because of the spirit which animates them and because of their contents ; and it is not likely in the nature of things that A. would materially diverge from them. But he did not simply content himself by threading them together. Some amount of editorial work in the way of adjustment must have been necessary. The harmonistic introductions to the reigns, for example, whereby the kings of the two kingdoms are brought into chronological relationship, are usually assigned to a com- piler (or to a later scribe) rather than to the original authorities. The same would naturally be the case with some of the notes, though others can be shown from their contents to be pre-exilic. On the whole there seems no reason for doubting that the work of A. is in the main veiy much what it was when it left the hands of the original composers whose materials he uses. Of these Samuel was the first, and his work became an example b 2 XX DEUTEROGRAPHS. to his successors. Samuel, though he was not the inventor of sacred historic literature, was a most important contributor to it. The history of the past was already ancient in his time, and he must have had access from childhood to the archives which were preserved in the sanctuary, and to which he himself was a contributor (i Sam. 10. 25). The law, or portions of it, were familiar to him, and his speeches, which we have no reason to doubt were taken down by official scribes, abound in references to the days of old. In fact, an outline of early Israelite history might be comi^osed from them. It is possible, indeed, that we are indebted to Samuel and the school which he fovmded, not only for the history of the kingly period, but also for the threading together of the selection of ancient records preserved to us in the Book of Judges. § 5. On the Tendency of Hebrew Writers to quote from their Contemporaries and Predecessors, and on the Modes of Quotation. When we consider the extent and bulk of the passages which B. extracts from A. we naturally seek the reason which prompted the writer of B. to go over the same ground a second time. It cannot have been merely to swell out his book, though certainly, apart from these extracts, the work would have been reduced to less than two-fifths of its present size. The definite object which the Chx'onicler had before him has been already pointed out (p. xiv), and we can see that his book, as we have it, is singularly adapted to produce the result he aimed at, which was a religious rather than an historical one. He was thus quite justified in reproducing so large a portion of an existing book. The Spirit Who guided him in his work prompted him to write under the conviction that lessons from the past might produce one effect when read in the surroundings of A., and another when provided in the form of B. We must not forget, however, that the case is not wholly unique. The phenomenon is in some respects analogous with that which Ave are so familiar with in the Synoptic Gospels. Here, too, we have a large body of common material, and here, too, the writers add and omit, expand and contract, according to their judgement. The oljject in each case was the same, INTRODUCTION. XXI viz. to present Truth under different aspects and in different surroundings. The Okl Testament itself also furnishes instances, though on a smaller scale, of the same peculiarity. When we open the Book of Judges we find several short sections in the first two chapters which are also in the Book of Joshua (see Judges 1. 9-15, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29 ; 2. 6-9). We are also familiar with the fact that large portions of the sj^eeches of Moses jjresei'ved in Deuteronomy are not only substantially but verbally related to the earlier legislation, though possibly our minds are so often directed to the minute differences between the documents that we almost overlook their substantial agreement. Again, in the Psalms we discover not only a complete poem which had already been included in Samuel (Ps. 18), but also duplications of Psalms or portions of Psalms, sometimes with no variations at all, and sometimes with very deliberate changes (compare Pss. 14 and 53, 31 and 71, 40 and 70, 57 and 108, 60 and 108). Nor can we forget the duplicate passages in the Book of Isaiah (see 35. 10 and 51. 11 ; also 11. 6, 7, and 65. 25), and the still more numerous I'epeated passages in Jeremiah (see e. g. 10. 12-16 and 51. 15-19 ; also 30. 10, 11, and 46. 27, 28). We seem driven to the conclusion that it was a literary habit with many of the sacred writers to incorporate parts of the compositions of their predecessors or contemporaries, and even to repeat themselves. When a prophetic book was issued it became public property. Any one could use it or make extracts from it. No one could claim the copyright. The more widely its contents wei'e circulated the better. The fact that quotations or dujilicate passages are so common in the Hebrew Scriptures has an important bearing on the relationships between the sacred books. It is sometimes difficult to determine what is a quotation and what is a mere verbal coincidence. Similar persons under like circumstances naturally say the same thing, especially when inspired by the same Spirit. We are usually guided by two considerations : first, the length of the passage which two writers give us, and secondly, the frequency of quotations. We must not forget that there is a strong a priori probability that the sacred writers should use the works of their pre- decessors. All books composed by prophetic men would be XXU , DEUTEROGEAPHS. regarded as authoritative and as intended to be used as well as kept. Nothing could be more natural than that the earlier documents should be deeply studied by the men of God who followed after. The Semitic memory is a specially retentive one, and as this gift was used for the purpose of composing narratives and writing down speeches, so it would prove effective to stamp the substance and even the words of the eaidier scriptures on the hearts of the later writers, supposing that these had the opportunity of either reading or hearing them. The most notable illustrations of this are given in the Appendix. We can readily understand that if a prophet were sent to warn any particular nation, he would recall to mind the utterances of some kindred spirit who had a similar mission in earlier ages. See for example Jeremiah's use of the prophecies of Isaiah and Obadiah in his predictions against Moab and Edom (v. Appendix X. ) It is possible, nay probable, that the later proj^hets had private copies of the writings of their predecessors, and it may be owing to this that we have such a wealth of ancient literature as is conserved in the Old Testament. Possibly they possessed other books which have not come down to us (e. g. the Book of Jasher), informal quotations from which we read without being conscious of the fact. Thus the sacred writers used the works of their predecessors, frequently without -acknowledgement, very much as the early Fathers used the books of the New Testament, refen-ing to them for historical, doctrinal, practical, and devotional purposes. Let any one carefully study Joshua's last addresses, David's exhortations to Solomon, Jonah's prayer, Micah's pi'ophecies, and Habakkuk's poetry, and he can hardly fail to come to this conclusion. It would require a treatise to show to what extent the great prophetic chapters of the Pentateuch (Lev. 26, Deut. 28 and 32) were known and used by later writers ; how the legislative enactments contained in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers run into one another and are reproduced in the speeches of Deuteronomy, and referred to in the later books with more or less distinctness. It is needless to emphasize the fact that in deciding what is a quotation we must beware of being misled by a translation. Sometunes passages look very like one another in English INTRODUCTION. XXIll which have comparatively little resemblance in Hebrew (cf. e.g. Gon. 47. 31 with i Kings 1. 47). The E. A. V., on the other hand, sometimes conceals a quotation and translates the same group of Hebrew words in different ways. The R. V. will be found much more accurate in this respect, though there is still room for a method of indicating the resemljlances between related texts more clearly than we have yet adopted in our English Bibles. There was a discussion some years ago as to whether the same Hebrew or Greek word ought to be translated invariably in the same way. This was felt to be impossible ; but students are generally agreed that technical expressions, whether theo- logical, ceremonial, moral, or legal, which run through the Hebrew Bible from the times of Moses ought to be rendered in the same way. They are one of the many signs of the con- tinuity of the sacred books. The same is true of the formulae with which the Scriptures abound. Also proper names ought to be spelt consistently, it being left to the margin to indicate variations where necessary. The first six descendants of Adam are, according to Genesis (E. A. V. \ Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel, Jared, Enoch ; but according to i Chron. 1, Sheth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered, Henoch. The Hebrew spelling does not vary at all. The revisers have harmonized these. Local names ought to be dealt with in the same way. It seems a pity that English readers should find such diversities as Azzah and Gaza, Ashdod and Azotus, Babel and Babylon, Aram and Syria, Gush and Ethiopia, Philistia and Palestina, where the Hebrew spelling is the same. Putting aside these points, which seem trivial but are really of considerable importance, we proceed to deal with the quotations properly so called. They may be classed under four heads : — (i.) The substance is used, but the words themselves are not actually given. Under this head we may include the numerous references in the historical and other books to the patriarchal history, the deliverance from Egypt, the wilderness life, and the times of the Judges. Similarly, we may include the references in post-Captivity writers to the age and works of Samuel, David, and Solomon. It is needless to give instances of these ; the whole Old Testament bristles with them, the XXIV DEUTEROaRAPHS, book which is most free from them in proportion to its size being the Book of Job, though perhaps there are more than appear at first sight. (ii.) Passages are made use of without any attempt being made to quote them fully or accurately. They are condensed allusions or they are poetical expansions ; and variations are introduced which to a greater or less degree affect the sense. Thus in Job 10.8 we read, ' Thy hands have framed me and made nie round about ; yet thou doest destroy me.' And in Ps. 119. 73, 'Thy hands have made me and established me: give me understanding.' In Job 7. 17, 18, 'What is man, that thou shouldest set thine heart ujion him ? and that thou shouldest visit him ? ' And in Ps. 8. 4, 'What is man, that thou art mindful of him ? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?' But in Ps. 144. 3, 'What is man, that thou takest knowledge of him ? the son of man, that thou makest account of him ? ' It is to be observed that the context in this Psalm is also in Job. (Compare Ps. 144. 4 and Job 7. 16 ; 8. 9.) (iii.) Sentences are introduced without acknowledgement, and with no departure from the original text, except such as may be due to copyists' errors, to changes in idiom, or to the fact that the second writer trusts to his memory and has not the original document before him. Some of the most interesting of these will be found in the Appendix at the end of the book. (iv.) Passages are formally cited, with a reference to the name of the writer quoted or to the document or class of documents from which the extract is made. The quotations under this head are rare. They include the numerous references to the law of Moses, notably the remarkable passage in 2 Kings 14. 6, in which the writer says that Amaziah acted 'in accordance with that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers ; but every man shall be jiut to death for his own sin.' Here we have a verbal citation from Deut. 24. 1 6, and it is to be noticed that A. is more accurate in copying Deuteronomy than B. is in copying A. (see 2 Chron. 25. 4). The appeal by Moses (Num. 14. 18) to the revelation of the attributes of God given in Exod. 34 is veiy striking, and it may be parallelled by Nehemiah's appeal (Nehem. 1. 8, 9) to the INTRODUCTION. XXV promise made through Moses in Deut. 30. 3, 4. Moses also ai)peals (Exod. 32. 13) to the promises made to the patriarchs, wliich he groups together and quotes verbatim. See especially Gen. 22. 17. Under this head, again, will come the extract made by Nehemiah from the early narrative of the Eeturn (see Nehem. 7 and Ezra 2, and § 58 below). Here, in spite of the numerous unintentional variations and omissions, we have a deliberate citation, and we must put down all variations to errors on the part of scribes and copyists. Another interesting citation is to be found in Jer. 2G. 18, where a prophecy from Micah (3. 12) is deliberately repeated by one of the elders. Here the prophet is named or identified, his date is given, and mention is made of the result produced by his prophetic warning. On comparing the two texts as they now stand in our Hebrew Bibles we find that they are introduced in Jeremiah with the formula, ' Thus saith the Lord of hosts,' whereas in Micah they form part of a long section, and are introduced with the word ' therefore ' and followed by the celebrated prophecy which is also to be found in Isa. 2. 2, &c. ; but as the section closes with the words, ' for the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken it,' the elder w^as quite justified in introducing these words at the beginning of his citation. Other brief citations of this character are to be found in I Sam. 15. 2, compared with Deut. 25. 17 and Exod. 17. 8, with reference to Amalek ; also i Kings 16. 34, compared with Joshua 6. 26, with reference to Jericho ; also Nehem. 13. i, 2, compared with Deut. 23. 3-5 with reference to the Moabite and Ammonite. By far the greater number of quotations come under the third head ; and in this respect the Old Testament waiters differ materially from those of the New Testament, who usually indicate the fact that they are using words which had been previously written. This habit of quoting without acknowledgement has deprived us of what would otherwise have been of very considerable help towards estimating the relative ages of the sacred books. If a critic feels compelled to cut himself wholly adrift from the traditional view of the books and of their authors, he has absolutely nothing by which to determine their dates but their XXVI DEUTEROGRAPHS. contents and their language. The unacknowledged quotations prove to him the relationship between two books ; but which is the original ? Sometmies an answer may be obtained ])y examining the context in which the common words are im- bedded, or by comparing the style and the usage of words in the respective authors ; but, after all, critical opinion may remain divided, as is the case in the passage common to Micah and Isaiah. Some of the leading passages which would be included vmder this head are given in the Appendix. § G. T/ie Bearing of the Present Work on Higher Criticism. Although the main intent of this work is concerned with text and substance rather than with authorship, yet we have here a lesson on Biblical criticism on a large scale. By collating the two great historical documents A. and B. we are enabled to detect a certain stratification in the Hebrew writings, and a weaving together of materials into a connected whole. So far as we can judge from what he himself says, the Chronicler grounded his work on materials which must have been more or less contemporary with the age in which the events narrated took j)lace ; and he selected those which he had reason to believe were of high prophetic authority. These materials he arranged and interwove in much the same way as a modern historian would do, so that there might be no abrupt transition from one age or one set of materials to another. Another important point is elicited by a careful comparison of A. and B., namely, that although there is hardly a section of any great length which does not exhibit some variations or additions (apart from matters of text), yet B. never seems to have departed to any considerable extent from his authorities. If he modernized their terminology it was only on a minute scale. If he incorporated and interpolated, so far as we can gather, it was from sources of the same class as his principal authority, that is to say either Levitical or prophetical. These facts have an important bearing on the composition of other books, for they suggest the ways and methods adopted by more ancient Hebrew writers. All students recognize a threading together of narratives in the Book of Genesis, though some esteem the narratives them- selves as contemporary with the days of the patriarchs, whilst INTKODUCTION. XXVll others bring tlieni down to ii much hiter date. Similarly, most students hold that there is something of the nature of com- pilation in the four later books of the Pentateuch, and that some passages in them may have been incorporated in post- Mosaic times, e, g. in the age of Samuel, Josiah, or Ezra. IIow does an examination of A. and B. affect the question of the historical and sacred authority of the books so compiled ? In the first place, it leads us to respect the books of the Pentateuch, Joshua, and the Judges as works of authority composed or compiled by authors of the prophetic class, whether of an age anterior to Samuel, as those who hold the traditional view believe, or whether a considerable element in them is of later growth, as the revolutionary critics hold. Secondly, it permits of the idea, not only of the threading of documents (as in A.), but also of the blending of documents into a connected whole (as in B.) ; though it hardly gives an illustration of the minute dovetailing in of sentences and fragments of sentences which some critics claim to have detected in the earlier writings ; minute variations between A. and B. being simply textual, idiomatic, or paraphrastic. It is sometimes supposed that numerous small repetitions are a sign of the blending of two or more documents ; but the testimony of B., which all acknowledge to be a blended narrative, is not confirmatory of this hypothesis. It by no means abounds in repetitions. The tendency to repetition is exceedingly ancient, being related to the tendency to parallelism, and must not be cited as a proof of 'manipulation.' Thirdly, it justifies the idea that the old documents thus put together have not suffered materially by the process, and that neither the modernization of their spelling and idioms, nor the incorporation of occasional extracts from other authoritative sources, materially interferes with the historic value and prophetic authority of the works as a whole. Fourthly, it prepares us to expect numerous corruptions of text and slight departures from the original copies, and justifies us in the idea that small apparent inconsistencies, whether in numbers or otherwise, may be copyists' errors. Lastly, it confirms the judgement of former days, that the Hebrew writers were chroniclers rather than inventors. We find nothing in a comparison of A. and B. leading to the XXVlll DEUTEROGRAPHS. hypothesis that the prophetic writers indulged in flights of the imagination while professedly composing history. Even Hebrew poetry can hardly be called the work of the imagina- tion ; whilst the prose narratives which have come down to us are to a large extent based on semi-official and contemporary documents. The writers were responsible to God and to man. To attribute to them anything which savours of fraudulent invention, whether of law, history, or prophecy, is equally unfair and uncritical. Granting that it is one part of Biblical criticism to attempt to discriminate between the pre-Mosaie, the Mosaic, and the post-Mosaic in the Pentateuch, it is evident that the task calls for caution and reserve as well as skill. The ancient writers used no inverted commas, no brackets, no side-notes. We have absolutely nothing to go by except the text itself ; but we cannot separate the letter from the spirit, the text from the tendency. The theological cast of the whole, and the fact that it has proved to be anticipatory of the mission of Christ, and that the books are stamped by His authority, must be allowed to weigh. The exceeding antiquity of the great mass of the materials must be recognized and granted, even if some things which seem inconsistent with the most ancient date have to be bracketed as later additions. The following pages will produce a shock on some minds, because of the numerous textual variations which are pro- minently marked, — and certainly the task of marking them has not been an easy or a pleasant one ; but further reflection on the results attained will tend to a conviction in the reader's mind (as it certainly has done in the case of the writer) that the Biblical record from Genesis onwards is trustworthy and authoritative. None of the original authors of the Old Testament wrote for gain or for personal honour. It was pressed home upon them by a Si:)irit higher than their own that they must write. We have not the documents exactly as they left the hands of the prophetic comi:)osers, but judging from what we possess in A. and B., after deducting for errors of scribes and cojiyists, the impression produced on the mind is that we may attribute to the writers the same qualifications of honesty and knowledge as St. Luke claims in the introduction to his Gospel. INTRODUCTION. XXIX § 7. S])cclmens of tlie Grammatical and Idiomatic Changes to he found on comparing A. and B. A. B. A. B. I Samuel I Kings 31. I. ^tJ'JN C>N 8.31. nt^'Nnx DX y^^in yn^: 32- D^Dcn Dn^:;'n-tD 2. nx nnN 33- fl^jnn PIJJ^-DN 7- pa Dnn 43- pyni lyn^ 13- nc'3^n tj'n''n 9. 10. nvpD )*PD 2 Samuel 10. I. nycc' nyD::> 5. I. i:jn mn 2. V^N loy 2. ^IDDwS* ^iDn 6. HM om. 9- n^no T3DD 20. D^ns* nms* 12. \r\2b^)2 iriD^o ni3i?DD na^DO 24. myv my^-n 24. DM^X DM^S'n 6. 9. Tj^N* ■jM 12. 5. nt;6"^ nt;6c' 12. jT-no n>n-p i:d^'"i ^^. 7. 2. nn^is* Dnns'n 6. ^3S-nx ^jsb 9- nniDNi nn^Ni 10. vi^s ins* 11. nvn-p!?i D''!0"'D^1 22. 4. ^nx ^Dy 23. D''n^N-i3^n D^-I^N^ Tj^n 8. N^ 1JJ\S' 27. nn^^j n^^: ma naiu^ 8. 2. Mm vn^i 9- n-in» nnD 6. \-ini ^.T'l 18. y"> y-^i' D^nay!? nnay al. 19. ijn:5''D ij^D^-b 8. nnnn nm 20. n^n naa 10. 2. noy ^Dy 22. nn nvh r-is pN-^S* 24. na^i T]^1 3- npn npn^ 2 Kings 7- Na^in Nnv 9- D^jao D^JD 11. 10. n^3n n^3 mnn linn 13- rvin D^nn 11. I. nnn-^y nnvnx 18. 23. !l^D-nx •l^ron 22.30. n^n ^2 31- t,!.n -ip^zry 23. 14. nn n^33 19.13. PN .TN* 24.12. Ti^^n ^^ 33- Nn^ N3 19. nan 3 nmn 20. 2. "ICN^ ■^?:n^i I Kings 3- nabi abi 8.30. n:nn >:i:nn 21. 9. y-in-ns* yi LIST OF PASSAGES PRESENTED FOR COMPARISON § A. B. PAGE 1. I Sam. 31. 1-13 . I Chron. 10. 1-14 .... I 2. 2 Sam. 5. i-io . 11. 1-9 . 3 3. 5. 11-25 . 14. 1-16 . 4 4. 6. i-ii . 13. 5-14 • 6 5. 6. 12-20 . 15. 25— 16. 3, 43 • 7 6. Pss. 105, 96, 106 . 16. 7-36 . 9 7. 2 Sam. 7. 1-29 . 17. 1-27 . 12 8. 8. 1-18 . 18. 1-17. 15 9. 10. 10. 1-19 . 11. I ; 12. 26-31 19. 1-19. 20. 1-3 . 17 20 11. 21. 18^22 . 20. 4-8 . 21 12. 22. 1-51 . Ps. 18. I -50 . 22 13. 23. 8-39 . I Chron. 11. 10-47 27 14. 24. 1-25 . 21. 1-31 . 30 15. I Kings 2. 10, 11 . 29. 26-30 34 16. 3. 4-15 • . 2 Chron 1. 1-13 • 35 17. 5. 1-18 . 2. 1-18 . 37 18. 6. 1-38 ; 7. 13-22 3. 1-17 . 41 19. 7. 23-51 . 4. 1—5. 1 45 20. 8. 1-21 . 5. 2—6. II 48 21. 8. 22-66 . 6. 12 — 7. 10 51 22. 9. 1-9 7. 11-22 • 57 23. 9. 10-28 . 8. r-i8 . 59 24. 10. 1-13 . 9. 1-12 , 62 25. 10. 14-29 . 9. 13-28 63 26. 11. 41 — 12. 24 . 9. 29—11. 4 65 27. 14. 21 31 . 12. 1-16 . 69 28. 15. 1-7 . 13. I, 2, 21, 22 ; 14 . I 71 29. 15. 9-16 . 14. 2-5 ; 15. 16-19 72 30. 15. 17 24 16. 1-14 ; 17. T 73 31. 22. 1-37 . 18. 1—19. I . 76 32. 22. 41-50 20. 30—21. 3 . 80 33. 2 Kings 8. 16-24 21. 4—22. I. . 81 34. 8. 25-29 ; 9. 27, 2i i 22, 1-9 . 83 35. 11. 1-20 . 22. 10— 23. 21 84 LIST OF PASSAGES PRESENTED FOR COMPARISON. XXXl § A. B. PACE 36. 2 Kings 11. 21 — 12 21 . 2 CiiRON. 24. 1-14, 23-27 . 88 37. 14. 1-22 . 25. r-28; 26. I, • 9' 38. 15. 1-7 . 26. 3, 4, 16-23 • 95 39. 15. 32-38 27. 1-9 . 97 40. 16. 1-20 . 28. 1-4, 16-27 98 41. IS. 1-8 . 29. I, 2 . lOI 42. IS- 13-37 32. 1-23 (also I 22 1 Is A. 36 102 43. 19. I 37 . . (ISA 37. 1-38) 106 44. 20. i-ri. . 2 Chron. 32. 24-31 (also ISA. 38 1-8, 21, 22) . III 45. 20. 12-19 . (IsA 38. 1-8) . "3 46. 20. 20, 2r . 2 Chron. 32. 32, 33 114 47. 21. 1-18 . 33. 1-20 , 115 48. 21. 19-26 33. 21-25 118 49. 22. 1-20 . 34. 1-28 . 119 50. 23. 1-3, 21- -30 34. 29-33 ; 35. 36. I r, 19- 27 122 51. 23. 31-35 36. 2-4 . 125 52. 23. 36—24. 7 • 36.5-8 . 126 53. 24. 8-17 . 36. 9, 10 . 127 54. 24. 18—25. 30 36. 1 1 -21 (also 1-34) Jer. 52 129 55. 25. 23-26 . Jer. 40. 7-9 ; 41. 1-3, j6- 18 . 133 56. 25. 27-30 52. 31-34 135 57. 2 Chron. 36. 22, 23 . Ezra 1. 1-4 . 135 58. Ezra 2. 1—3. I . . Nehem. 7. 5—8. I . 136 CONTENTS OF APPENDIX QUOTATIONS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. I. Short Sentences ......... 143 II. The Ten Commandments ........ 146 III. The Close of Joshua and the Beginning of Judges . . 148 IV. The Levitical Cities in Joshua and Chronicles . . . 150 V. The Inhabit^vnts of .Jerusalem in Chronicles and Nehemiah 153 VI. Duplicate Psalms . . . . . . . . .156 VII. The earlier and later Parts of Isaiah 159 VIII. Isaiah and Micah 160 IX. Duplicate Sections in .Jeremiah ...... 162 X. Jeremiah and the other Scriptures ..... 164 XI. The Genealogies ......... 168 Index of Texts 169 EERATA p. 33, top, /or 2 Cliron. 1 read i Chron. 21 p. 8r, sirike out 2 Chroii. 22 in heading and column. DEUTEROGRAPHS (§ 1-) A. 1 Sam. 31. (Preceded by the history of Saul and David.) Now the Philistines fought against Israel : and the men;' of Israel fled from Ijefore the Philis- tines, and fell down slain in mount 2 Gilboa '■. And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons ; and the Philistines slew .Jonathan <= and Abinadab, and Malehi-shua, the sons of Saul. 8 And the battle went sore against'' Saul, and the archers overtook him ; and he was [greatly] dis- tressed by reason of the archers ". 4 Then said Saul unto his armour- bearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith ; lest these uncircumcised come [and thrust me through,] and abuse me. But his arnioui'bearer would not ; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, 5 and fell upon it. And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell upon his 6 swoi-d, and died [with him]. So Saul died, and his three sons, [and liis armourbearer,] and all his men, [that same day] . , . together. 7 And when . . . the men " of Is- rael that were on the other side of the valley [and they that were beyond Jordan,] saw that tlie men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons B. 1 Chron. 10. (Preceded by the genealogies, which close with the duplicate genealog^y of Saul. J Now the Philistines fought against Israel : and the men of Israel fled from liefore the Philis- tines, and fell down slain in mount 2 Gilboa. And the Philistines followed hard after Saul and afkr his sons ; and the Philistines slew Jonathan and Abinadab, and Malehi-shua, the sons of Savil. 3 And the battle went soi'c against Saul, and the archers overtook him ; and he was . . . dis- tressed by reason of the arehei's. 4 Then said Saul unto his armour- beai-er. Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith ; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not ; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, 5 and fell upon it. And when his armour))earer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell upon the 6 sword, and died So Saul died, and his three sons ; and all his hoKse [died] together. 7 And when [all] the men of Is- rael that were in the valley saw that fheij fled, and that Saul and his sons § 1. — ■» A. ■'B'JN. B. t^N. al. In the earlier books the sing:ular is used for the whole body; the plural for a limited no. "^ A. The Gilboa. B. Gilboa. al. c A. Jehonathan, B. .Jonathan ; but B. has .Jehonathan, 9. 39. "^ A. 7X. B ^y, a frequent variation, not necessarily a corruption. ^ A. D^^IDHD. B. Q''"lVn"}D. Changes of this class frequent. B DEUTEKOGEAPHS. A. 1 Sam. 31. (Contimied.) were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled ; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them f. 8 And it came to pass on the mor- row, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his [three] sons fallen 9 in mount Gilboa. And they cut off his limd, and stripped off hisarmour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry the tidings unto [the housed of] their idols, and to the 10 people. And they -put his armour in the house of the Ashtaroth : and [they] fastened his hody to the wall of Beth-shan^\ 11 And when the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard [concerning him] that which the Philistines 12 had done to Saul, all the valiant men arose, [and went all night,] and took . . . the body ' of Saul and the bodies '< of his sons [from the wall of Beth-shan ;] and they came to Jabesh, [and burnt them 13 there. And they took theirbones,] and buried them under the tama- risk in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. B. 1 Chron. 10. (Continued.) were dead, they forsook <^e/r cities, and fled; andthePhilistinescame and dwelt in them. 8 And it came to pass on the mor- row, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his . . . sons fallen 9 in mount Gilboa. And they stripped him, and took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry the tidings unto . . . . . their idols, and to the 10 people. And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and . . fastened his head in the house of Dagon. 11 And when all Jabesh-Gilead heard . all that the Philistines 12 had done to Saul, all the valiant men arose, and took [away] the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons . . . and brought them to Jabesh and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. 13 So Saul died for his trespass which he committed against the Lord, because of the word of the Lord, which he kei^t not ; and also for that he asked counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to 14 inquire thereby, and inquired not of the Lord : therefore he slew him, and turned the king- dom unto David the son of Jesse. f A. fern. B. masc, the fern, is i;sual. ? A. n''3. B. DH- " A. ]^ n"'3. B. pn ri^3 (soLXX). i A. Jabish. B. Jabesh; but Jabish v. la". I' A. n^lJ- B. riDIJ (used here only); in v. lo A. has "in'13, biTt B. inpjpj, which may be a var. lect. ; but see LXX. DEUTEROGRAPHS. (§2 A. 2 Sam. 5. (The Song of the Bow. Narratives concerning Abner and Isbbo- sheth.) Then came all [the tri))es of] Israel to David "■ unto Hebron, [and spake,] saying. Behold •*, we 2 are thy bone and thy flesh. In times past '', . . when Saul was king [over us,] it was thou that leddest out and broughtest in Israel : and the Lord said to thee. Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be prince over . . . Israel. 3 So all the elders of Israel came to'' the king to Hebron; and [king] David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord : and they anointed David king over Israel 4 David was thirtyyearsold when he began to reign, and he reigned 5 forty years. In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years [and six months] : and in Jervi- salem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah. 6 And t)te king and his men went to Jerusalem " against the Jebusites, the inhabit- ants of the land : ichich spake unto David, [saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame,] thou slialt not come in hither : [thinking, David cannot come in 7 hither.] Nevertheless David took the strong-hold of Zion ; the same 8 is the city of David. And David said [on that day,] Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites, [let him get up to the watercourse, and smite the lame and the blind, that are hated of David's soul. Wherefore they say, There are the blind and the lame ; he cannot come into the house'.] And David dwelt in the strong- B. 1 Chron. 11. I Continuous.) Then all . . . Israel f/afl/ered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we 2 are thy bone and thy flesh. In times past, [even] when Saul was king, ... it was thou that leddest out and broughtest in Israel : and the Lord [thy God] said to thee. Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be prince over [my people] Israel. 3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron ; and . . , David made a covenant with them in Hebron before tlie Lord ; and they anointed David king over Israel, [according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Samuel.] {Bee I Chron. 29. 26-28.) 4 And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem [the same is Jebus] ; and the Jebusites, the inhabit- 5 ants of the land, ivere there. And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come in hither. . . . Nevertheless David took the strong-hold of Zion ; the same is the city of David. And David 6 said, .... Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites [first shall be chief ^ind captain. And Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and was made chief.] And David dwelt in the stroni § 2. — " A. nn. B. T'll, ft distinguishing mark between A. and B. passim . " A. IJjn. B. run. " a. jjICnX. B. ^lOn. Both speUlngs are found in other parts of O. T. <^ A. pS- B. ^y. This variation is frequent. <' B. 'Jerusalem which is Jebns,' but in Joshua and Judges : ' .Jebus which is Jerusalem.' f A. Note the LXX addition at the end of the verse, and see Matt. 21. 14. B 2 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 2 Sam. 5. {Continued.) hold ^, and called it the city of David. And David built . . . round about from Millo and in- ward. . . .... 10 . . . And David waxed greater and greater ; for the Lord, [the God] of hosts, was with him. B. 1 Chron. 11. (Co7iHtiued.) hold ; fJierefore fheycaUed it the city 8 of David. And he built [the city] round about, from Millo even round about : [and Joab repaired the rest 9 of the city.] And David waxed greater and greater ; for the Lord . . . . of hosts was with him. (§ 3.) A. 2 Sam. 5. (Continuous.) 11 "-And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and [stone-] masons : and they built David an 12 house. And David perceived that the Lord had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom . . . for his people Israel's sake. 13 And David took [him] more [concubines and] wives out of •^Jerusalem, [after he was come from Heljron] and there icere yet S071S and daughters born to David. 14 And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jeru- salem ; .Slianimua, and Shobab, 1.5 [and] Nathan, and Solomon, and Ibhar, and Elishua ; 16 and Nepheg, and Japhia ; and Elishama, and Eliada''. and Eliphelet. 17 And when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over . . Israel, all the Phil is- B. 1 Chron. 14. (David's mighty men and bands; and the removal of the ark.) And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and . . . masons, and carpenters, to build him an 2 house. And David perceived that the Lord had established him king over Israel, for his kingdom was exalted [on high,] for his people Israel's sake. 3 And David took . . . more wives at Jerusalem ; and David begat more sons and dauglders. 4 And these be the names of the children which he had in Jeru- salem ; Shammua, and Shobab, 5 . . . Nathan, and Solomon ; and Ibhar, and Elishua, [and Eljjelet ; 6 and Nogah,] and NeiDheg, and 7 Japhia ; and Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphelet. 8 And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over [all] Israel, all the Philis- B Note the different spellings of ' strong-hold ' in this verse. A. m^'D. B. 1V0. Both forms are frequent. §3. — * Note the change of order, and of construction. '' A. "JD. B. "3. A frequent variation. •= The change from El to Baal in this name is remarkable : see LXX. DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Sam. 5. (Coniinued.) tines wont up to seok David ; and David heard of it, and went down 18/0 the hold. Now the Philistines had come and aprmd fhcmselces'^ 19 in the valley of Rephaim. And David inquired oi'thc Loiw", Haying. Shall I go up against the Philis- tines ? . . . wilt thou deliver f them into mine hand ? Ajid the Loud said unto David, Go up : for I will [certainly] deliver A. .T'nK'. B. NC'lB'. The LXX and Josephus agree ■with B. " B. paraphrases in order to show that the word iriD is not here used in the sense of priest, but in a civil sense involving freedom of access. In the A.V. we read ' chief rulers,' and Josephus says ' iu charge of his person.' § 9. — "■ A. "\J^N3. B. ""J. If "X^a, was sometimes written in its shortened form (5}>), the one might easily be taken for the other, especially iu the early character. ^ A. has accidentally omitted the prefix ^. Note the change of order in the latter part of the verse. C i8 DEUTEROGRArHS, A. 2 Sam. 10. (Continued.) spy it out, and to overthrow it ? 4 So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved [off the one half of their beards], and cut off their gar- ments in the middle, even to their buttocks'^, and sent them away. 5 And they told [it] unto David, . . and he sent to meet them ; for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beai'ds be grown, and then 6 return. And when the children of Amnion saw that they icere become^ odious to David, . . the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Beth-rehoh, and the Syrians of Zohah, twenty thousand footmen, and the king of Maacah with a thousand men, and the men of Tob tivelve thousand men ". 7 And_vvhen David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of 8 the mighty men. And the chil- dren of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate : and the Sijrians of Zohah, and of Rehob, and the men of Tob and Maacah, were by them 9 selves in the field. Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array 10 against the Syrians. And the rest of the people he committed into the hand of Abeshai his brother, and he put /Item in array against the children of Ammon. 11 And he said, If the Syrians be B. 1 Chron. 19. (Continued.) overthrow, and to spy out tlie land? 4 So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved [them,] and cut off their gar- ments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away. 5 [Then there went certain], and they told . unto David [how the men were served]. And he sent to meet them ; for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then 6 return. And when the children of Ammon saw that they had made tliemsdres odious to David, [Hanun and] the children of Ammon sent [a thousand talents of silver] to hire them chariots and horsemen out of Mesopotamia, and out ofAram- 7 maacah, and out of Zohah. So they hired them thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maacah and his jx'ople ; [who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children of Ammon gathered themselves together froni tlieir cities, and came to battle.] 8 And wlien David heard of it, he sent ,Toab, and all the host of 9 the mighty men. And the chil- dren of Ammon came out, and jjut the battle in array at the entering in of the city : and the kings tliat were come wei'e by them- 10 selves in the field. Now when Joab saw that tlie battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array 11 against the Syrians. And the rest of tlie people he committed into the hand of Abeshai his brother, and they put themselves in array against the children of Ammon. 12 And he said, If the Syrians be " B. uses a different ■word from that of A. The word JltJ' (A.) is also in Isa. 20. 4. B.'s word is not used elsewhere. The root of it (y'tJ'D) is to be found in I Sam. 20. 3, and Isa. 27. 4. Probably it sounded less offensive. <■ A. Niphal. B. Hithpael. " Although differently worded, the numbers are practically the same, viz. 32,ofx), apart from the people of Maacah, who (A. tells us) were an additional thousand ; but B.'s chariots were probably chariot-men (see A. 18, note). The LXX agrees in the main with our texts, giving footmen in A. and chariots in B. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 19 A. 2 Sam. 10. {Continued.) too strong for me, then thoii slialt help me : but if the chiUlren of Amnion lie too strong f. B. J?{^>l^ Manifestly an error. See LXX. 28 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 2 Sam. 23. (Continued.) in the harvest fime° unto the cave of Adullam ; and the troop of the Philistines were encamped in the 14 valley of Rephaim. And David was then in the hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was 15 then in Beth-lehem. And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me water to drink of the well' of Beth-lehem, which 16 is by the gate ! And the three [mighty men] brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth- lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David : but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto 17 the Lord. And [he] said, Be it far from me, Loiw^, that I should do this : the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their Koes ? therefore he would not drink it. These things did the three mighty men. 18 And Abishai, the brother of Joab, [the son of Zeruiah,] was chief 'of the three. And he lifted vip his spear against three hun- dred and slew them, and had 19 a name among the three. Of the three ivas he not most honour- able ? he was made their captain : howbeit he attained not to the three. 20 [And] Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he slew the two sons of Ariel of Moab : he went down also and slew a lion in the midst 21 of a pit in time of snow. And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly^ man : and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand : but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out B. 1 Chron. 11. {Continued.) rock to David, unto the cave of Adullam ; and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the 16 valley of Rephaim. And David was then in the hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was 17 then in Beth-lehem. And David longed, and said. Oh that one would give me water to drink of the well of Beth-lehem, which 18 is by the gate ! And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth- lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David ; but David would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto 19 the LoKD, and .... said, My God, forbid it me, that I should do this : [shall I drink] the blood of these men that hme imt their lives in jeopardy? [for with their lives they brought it.] Therefore he would not drink it. These things did the three mighty men. 20 And Abeshai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three. And he lifted up his spear against three hun- dred and slew them, and had 21a name among the three. Of the three he was more honour- able [than the two, and] he was made their captain : howbeit he attained not to the three. 22 ... Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he slew the two sons of Ariel of Moab : he went down also and slew a lion in the midst 23 of a pit in the day of snow. And he slew an Egj'ptian, a man of stature, [five cubits high ;] and in the Egyptian's hand Avas a spear [like a weaver's beam] ; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out o A. "V^p 7N. B. "IVn 7y. A various reading. LXX takes it for a proper name. f A. 1X3. B. -\)2. These forms frequently vary. 113 is properly a pit : see A. ver. 20. e The tendency to substitute God for Lord re-appears. i^ A. 1K1D. B. nHJD. The substitution of T for 1 is the spring of this reading. DEUTEROGRAPHS . 29 A. 2 Sam. 23. {Continued.) of the Egyptian's hand, and slew 22 him with his own spear. These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and liad a name among the three mighty men. 23 He was more honourable than the thirty, but ho attained not to the three. And David set him over his guard. 24: Asahel the brother of Joab [was one of the thirty] ; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth- lehem ; 25 Shamnif(;< the Harorfite, [Elika the Harodite ;] 26 Helez tlie Paltife, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite ; 27 Abiezer the Anatliothite ; Mebunnai the Hushathite ; 28 Zulnion the Ahohite ; Maharai the Netophathite ; 29 Hele& the son of Baanah the Netopliathite ; Ittai the son of Klbai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin ; 30 Benaiah a Pirathonite ; Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash ; 31 Abi-albon the Arbathite ; Azmaveth the Bar/?,umite ; 32 Eliahba the Sliaalbonite ; the sons of JasJien, .... Jonathan ; . . . Shammah the Hararite ; 33 Ahiam the son of S/(a>ar the ^rarite ; 34 ElipheZe^ the son of Ahasbai, [the son of the Maacathite ;] Eliam the son of AhitJwphel the Oiloniie ; 35 Hezro the Carmelite ; Paai'ai the . . Arhite ; 36 Igal the son of Nathan [of Zobah] ; Bani the Gadite ; 37 Zelek the Ammonite ; Naharai the Berothite, . . . armourbearers ' to Joab the son of Zeruiah ; 38 Ira the Ithrite ; Gareb the Ithrite ; 39 Uriah the Hittite : [thirty and seven in all.] B. 1 Chron. 11. {Continued.) of the Egyptian's hand, and slew 24 him with his own spear. These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had a name among 25 the three mighty men. [Behold,] he was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the three. And David set him over his guard. 26 [Also the mighty men of the armies ;] Asahel the brother of Joab ; . . Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth- lehem ; 27 Shammo^/j the Harorite ; Helez the I'elonite ; 28 Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite ; Abiezer the Anatliothite ; 29 Sibbecai the Hushathite ; llai the Ahohite ; 30 Maharai the Netophathite ; Heler? the son of Baanah the Netophathite ; 31 Ittai the son of Eibai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin ; Benaiah the Pirathonite ; 32 Hurai of the brooks of Gaash ; 33 Abid the Arbathite ; Azmaveth the Ba/iorumite ; Eliahba the Sliaalbonite ; 34 the sons oiHashem [the Gizonite] ; Jonathan [the son of] Shage the Hararite ; 35 Ahiam the son of Sacar the //ararite ; EliphaZ the son of Vr ; . . . . 36 Hejiher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite ; 37 Hezro the Carmelite ; 38 j\'aarai the [son of] Esbai ; Joel the brother of Nathan ; . . . Mibhar the son of Hagri ; 39 Zelek the Ammonite ; Naharai the Berothite, [the] armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah ; 40 Ira the Ithrite ; Gareb the Ithrite ; 41 Uriah the Hittite ; i Keri reads armourbearer. 3^ DEUTEBOGKAPHS. A. 2 Sam. 23. {Contimied.) B. 1 Chron. 11. (Continued.) 42 [Zabad the son of Ahlai ; Adina the son of Shiza the Keubenite, a chief of the Eeubenites, and 43 thirty with him ; Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the 44 Mithnite ; Uzziathe Ashterathite ; Shama and Jeiel the sons of 45 Hotham the Aroerite ; Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha, his 46 brother, the Tizite ; Eliol the Mahavite. and Jeribai, and Josh- aviah, the sons of Ehiaam, and 47 Ithmah the Moabite ; Eliel, and Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.] (§ 14.) A. 2 Sam. 24. (Continuous.) And again the anger of the Loiw was kindled against Israel \ And he moved David [against them, saying, Go,] number Israel [and Judah]. 2 And the king said to Joab [the cai^tain of the host, v^hich was with him], Go noiu to and fro [through all the tribes of] Israel, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, [and number ye the i:ieople], that I may 3 know the sum of the people^. And Joab said [unto the king. Now] the Lord [thy God] add unto tlie people an hundredfold so many<= more as they be, [and may the eyes of my lord the king see it :] but why doth my loi'd [the king] delight in this thing? 4 Notwithstanding the king's word prevailed against Joab, [and against the captains of the host.] And Joab [and the captains of the host] loent out from the presence B. 1 Chron. 21. (Contmuous from § 11.) And an adversary stood up against Israel, and he moved David . to number Israel. . . 2 And David said to Joab . . . [and to the princes of the people], Go, numher Israel from Beer-sheba even to Dan ; [and bring me word,] that I may know the sum of them. And .Joab said, The LoED . . . add unto A/s people an hundrcdfuld so many more as they bo : but, [my lord the king, are t.hey not all my lord's servants ?] why doth my lord .... require this thing ? [why will he be a cau.-e of guilt unto Isi'ael ?] 4 Nevertheless the king's word prevailed against Joab, Wlierefore Joab departed, § 14. — " The same in substance. Where the word JtOtJ' has no definite article it is best translated 'an adversary.' Cf. i Kings 11. 14. i' A. Dj?n 12DD. C. DlSDO . '^ A. onj twice (accidental repetition ?), B. once. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 31 A. 2 Sam. 24. [Continued. ) 0/ the king, to number the people 5 of Israel. [And tliey passed over .Jordan, and pitched in Aroer, on the right side of the city that is in tlic middle of the valley of 6 Gad, and unto .Jazer : then they came to Gilead, and to the land of Tahtim-hodshi ; and they came to I)an-jaan, and round about to 7 Zidon, and came to the strong hold of Tyre, and to all the cities of the Ilivites. and of the Canaan- ites : and they went out to the south of .Tudah, at Beer-sheba. 8 So when they had gone to and fro through all the land,] theij came to Jerusalem [at the end of nine months and twenty days]. 9 And .Joab gave up the sum of the numbering of the people unto the king : and tliere were in Israel eight hundred thousand [valiant] men that drew [the] sword ; and [the men of] Judah wei'e five hundred . . thousand men<*. B. 1 Chron. 21. 10 And David's heart smote him after that fie had numbered the people. And David said unto the Lord, I have sinned greatly in that I have done : . . . . but now, [O Lord,] put away, I beseech thee, the iniquity of thy servant ; for I have dene very foolishly. 11 And [when David rose up in the morning, the word of] the Lord came unto [the prophet] (J ad, 12 David's seer, saying, Go and speak unto David, . . . Thus saith the Lord, I offer thee three things; choose thee one of them, 1:3 that I may do it unto thee. So Gad came to David, [and told him,] and said unto him, . . . Shall seven ^ years of famine come unto thee (Continued.) and Israel, icent throughout all and came to Jerusalem. 5 And Joab gave up the sum of the numbering of the people unto David. And all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand . , . men that drew . sword : and Judah was four hundred [three- score and ten] thousand men 6 [that drew sword. But Levi and Benjamin counted he not among them : for the king's word was abominable to Joab".] 7 And God was displeased with this thing ; therefore he smote Israel. 8 And David said iinto God, I have sinned greatly, in that I have done [this thing] : but now, . . . . put away, I beseech thee, the iniquity of thy servant ; for I have done very foolishly. 9 And the Lord spake unto Gad. 10 David's seer, saying. Go and speak unto David, [saying,] Thus saith the Lord, I offer thee three things ; choose thee one of them. 11 that I may do it unto thee. So Gad came to David, 12 . . and said unto him, [Thus saith the Lord,] Take which thou wilt ; either three years of famine ; <* According to A., Israel had 800,000 and Judah 500,000. According to B., Israel had 1,100,000 and Judah 470,(500. The LXX gives no material variation from out texts. " See i Chron. 27. 23, 24. f ' Seven,' a slip of an old copyist, who had, perhaps, the Egyptian seven years of famine in his mind. LXX has three. 32 DEUTEEOGEAPHS A. 2 Sam. 24. {Continued.) in thy land ? or wilt thou flee three months before thy foes while they pursue thee ? or shall there be three days' . . . l^esti- lence in tliij land ? now . [advise thee, and] consider what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 14 And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait : let us fall now into the hand of the Lord ; for . great are his mercies B ; and let me not fall into the hand of 15 man. So the Lord sent a pesti- lence upon Israel [from the morning even to the time ap- pointed] : and there died of the people [from Dan even to Beer- sheba] seventy thousand men. And when the angel [stretched out his hand] toward Jerusalem to destroy it, the Lord . . . . . . repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that de- stroyed [the people], It is enough ; now stay thine hand. And the angel of the Lord icas by the threshing-floor of Araunah " the Jebusite 16 17 And David apake unto the Loud [when he saw the angel that smote the jieople, and said] . . Lo, I i have sinned, and I have done 2)erversely : but these sheej), what have they done ? let thine hand, I pray thee, be against me, and against my f:ithei-'s house B. 1 Chron. 21. {Continued.') or three months to be consumed before thy foes, while that the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee : or else three days [the sword of the Lord, even] pesti- lence in the land, [and the angel of the Lord destroying through- out all the coasts of Israel.] Now [therefore] consider what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 13 And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait : let me fall now into the hand of the Lord ; for [very] great are his mercies : and let me not fall into the hand of 14 man. So the Lord sent a pesti- lence upon Isi-ael : . . and there fdl of Israel seventy thousand men. 15 And [God sent] an angel . . unto Jerusalem to destroy it : [and as he was about to destroy,] the Lord [beheld, and he] repented him of the evil, and said to the destroying angel, . . . . It is enough ; now stay thine hand. And the angel of the Lord stood by the threshing-floor of Oman the 16 Jebusite. [And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the Lord stand between the eai'th and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, 17 fell upon their faces.] And David said unto God, [Is it not I that commanded the people to be numbered ? J even I it is that have sinned and done rery wickediy; but these slieep, what have they done ? let thine hand, I pray thee, [0 Lord my God,] be against me, and against my father's house ; [butnotagainstthypeople that they should be plagued.] B Note the two readings in A. Perhaps the text of A., though iingrammatical, is right — ' his mercy (sing.) is great (pi.).' '' The spelling of A. wavers between Araunah and Arauniah. ' A. ^3JN. B. *JN. Frequently, but no rule. DEUTEROGRAPHS. ?,?, A. 2 Sam. 24. {Continued. ) 18 And . . . . Gad came that day to David, [and said unto liim], Go up, rear an altar unto tlic Lord in tlio threshing- floor ofAraunah 19 the .Tebusite. And David went up according^ to the saying of Gad, as the Loiw commmided. 20 And Araunah looked [forth], and saw the king [and his servants coming on toward him] : and [Araunah] went out, .... . . . and bowed himself before the kingwith hisfaceto theground. 21 [And Araunah said, Wherefore is my lord the king come to his servant?] And David said, . . . To buy the threshing-floor [of thee], to build ... an altar unto the Lord, that the plague may be stayed from the people. 22 And Araunah said unto David, Let my lord the king take . and offer up that which is good in his eyes : lo, . . the oxen for [the] burnt offering, and the threshing instruments [and the furniture of the oxen] for wood : . . . . 23 all this, [0 king,] doth Araunah give [unto the king]. [And Araunah said unto the king. The Lord thy 24 God accept thee.] And the king . . . said unto Araunah, Nay ; but I will verily buy it [of thee] at a . price : neither will I B. 1 Chron. 21. (Continued.) 18 Then [the angel of the Lord commanded] Gad to say to David, [that David should] go up, and rear an altar untotlu^ Lord in the threshing-floor of Oman 1'.) the Jebusito. And David went up at the saying of Gad, which he spake in the name of the Loiw. 20 [And Oman turned back, and saw the angel ; and his four sons that were with him hid themselves. Now Oman was threshing wheat.] 21 And [as David came to Oman.] Oman looked .... and saw David, and . . . . went out [of the thresh- ing-floor], and Jiowed himself to David with his face to the ground. ofl'er Jmrnt offerings [unto the Lord my God'] without cost. So David bought the thresh- ing-floor [and the oxen 25 for fifty shekels of silver ™.] And David built there an altar unto 22 . . , . Then David said [to Oman], Give me the place of this threshing-floor, . . . thatlmay build [thereon] an altar unto the Lord ; [for the full price shalt thou give it me :] that the jilague may be stayed from the people. 23 And Oman said unto David, Take [to thee] and let my lord the king do that which is good in his eyes : lo, [I give] the oxen for . burnt offerings, and the threshing instruments for wood, [and the wheat for the meal offering] ; I give it all. 24 And king [David] said to Oman, Nay ; but I will verily buy it . . for the [full] price : for I will not [take that which is thine for the Lord, nor] offer a burnt offering without 25 cost. So David gave to Oman for the place [six hundred sliekels of gold by weight] 26 And David built there an altar unto ^ A. 3. B. 3. • For TlpN (my God) B. or some copyist seems to have read ni7i?ni. '" Note that A. omits the price of the threshing-floor, and B. the price of the oxen. D 34 DEUTEEOGEAPHS. A. 2 Sam. 24. {Continued.) the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. . [So the Lord was in- treated for the hind, and the plague was stayed from IsraeL] (End of the Books of Samuel.) B. 1 Chron. 21, 22. {Confiniied.) the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, [and called upon the Lord ; and he answered him from heaven by fire upon the altar of burnt 27 offering. And the Lord com- manded the angel ; and he put up his sword again into the sheath thereof. 28 [At that time, when David saw that the Lord had answered him in the threshing-floor of Oman the Jebusite, then he sacrificed 29 there. For the tabernacle of the Lord, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of burnt offering, were at that time in the 30 high place of Gibeon. But David could not go before it to inquire of God ; for he was afraid because of the sword of the angel of the 22 Lord. Then David said. This is the house of the Lord God, and this is the altar of burnt offering for Israel.] (§ 15-) A. 1 Kings 2. (Abishag; Adonijah's revolt ; Solomon crowned ; David's instructions to him.) 10 [And David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.] 11 And the dnys that David reigned over Israel were forty years : seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three [years] reigned he in Jerusalem "■ B. 1 Chron. 29. (David's instructions to Solomon con- cerning the Temple ; numbers and offices of the Levites, the Priests, the Porters, the Captains ; charges to the people ana to Solomon ; David's blessing.) 26 [Now David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel.] 27 And the days that he reigned over Israel were forty years ; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three . . reigned 28 he in Jerusalem. [And he died § 15. — " A. gives no aecoiint of the materials from which the life of David is composed, but for the later kings there are usually references to the archives. DEUTEROGEAPHS. 35 A. 1 Kings 2. (Continued.) B. 1 Chron. 29. {C'ontimted.) in a good old age, full of days, riches, and honour : and Solomon his son reigned in his stead. 29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the history of Samuel the seer, and in the history of Nathan the prophet, and in the 30 history of Gad the seer ; with all his reign and his might, and the times that went over him, and over Isi'ael, and over all the kingdoms of the countries.] (§ 16M A. 1 Kings 3. (Solomon deals with Adonijah, Abia- thar, Joab, and Shimei ; Marries Pharaoh's daughter; Sacrifices in high places.) 4 And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there ; for that was the great high place : B. 2 Chron. 1. (Continuous.) 1 [And Solomon the sonof David was strengthened in his kingdom, and the Lokd his God was with him, and magnified him exceed- 2 ingly. And Solomon spake unto all Israel, to the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and to the judges, and to every prince in all Israel, the heads of the fathers.] 3 So Solomon, and all the con- t;regation with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon ; [for thei'e was the tent of meeting of God, which Moses the servant of the Lord had made in thewil- 4 derness. But^ the ark of God had David brought up from Kiriath-jearim to the place that David had prepared for it : for he had pitched a tent for it at 5 Jerusalem. Moreover the brasen altar, that Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, had made, was there before the tabernacle of the Lord : and Solomon and the § 16. — "* In this section the variations are consideraljle, but the materials are practically the same. i" The word pQS is not common. It is translated ' verUy ' or ' indeed ' in Gen., Sam. and Kings, and is rendered ' but ' or ' never- theless ' in Chron., Ezra, and Dan. D 2 36 DEUTEEOGEAPHS. A. 1 Kings 3, {Continued.) a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon that altar. 5 In Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon [in a dream] by night : and God said, Ask what I shall 6 give thee. And Solomon said, . . . . Thou hast shewed unto [thy servant] David my father great kindness, [according as he walked before thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in up- rightness of heart with thee ; and thou hast kept for him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to sit on his 7 throne, as it is this day.] And now, O Lord my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of David my father : and I am but a little child ; I know not how 8 to go out or come in. And thy servant is in the midst of thy people, which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be num- bered nor counted for multitude. 9 Give thy servant therefore an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern be- tween good and evil ; for who is able to judge this thy great people ? [And the speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked 11 this thing.] And God said unto him. Because thou hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for thyselt long life ; neither hast asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies ; but hast asked for thyself under- standing to discern judgement ; 12 behold, I have done according to thy word : lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart ; so that tbcre hath been none like thee before thee, neither after thee shall any arise 13 like unto thee. And I have also given thee that which 10 B. 2 Chron. 1. {Continued.) congregation sought unto it.] 6 And Solomon went uj) thither to the brasen altar before the Lord, which was at the tent of meeting, and offered a thousand burnt offerings upon it. 7 In that night did God appear unto Solomon, .... and said unto him, Ask what I shall 8 give thee. And Solomon said [unto God], Thou hast shewed great kindness unto David my father, and hast made me king in his stead. 9 Now, Lord God, let thy promise unto David my father be esta- blished : for thou hast made me king over a people like the dust of the earth in multitude. 10 Give me now wisdom and know- ledge "^j that I may go out and come in before this people : for who can judge this thy people, that is so great ? 11 And God said to Solomon, Because this was in thine heart, and thou hast not asked riches, wealth ^, or honour, nor the life of them that hate thee, neitlier yet hast asked long life ; but hast asked wisdom and know- ledge for thyself, that thou mayest judge my people, over whom I 12 have made thee king : wisdom and knowledge is granted unto thee ; and I will give thee riches, and wealth, and honour, such as " yiD, a late word, here first : see Dan. 1. 4 and 17, and of. Eccles. 10. 20. * D''D3J) a rare word, only in Josh, 22. 8, and Eccles. 5. 19 and 6. 2. DEUTEROGKAPHS. 37 A. 1 Kings 3. (Contimml.) tliou liast not asked, Loth riches and honour, so that there shall not be any among the kings like 14 unto thee, all thy days. [And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my com- mandments, as thy father David did walk, then I will lengthen thy days.] 15 And Solomon [awoko, and, be- hold, it was a dream: and he] came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace offerings, and made a feast to all his servants. B. 2 Chron. 1. (Continued.) none of the kings haVe had tliat have been before thee, neither shall there any after thee have the like. .... 13 So Solomon came [to the high place "that wasatGibeon, from before the tent of meeting], unto .Jerusalem ; and he reigned over Israel. {§ 17.) A. 1 Kings 5. (Solomon's judgement, officers, pro- vision, wisdom.) 1 [And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon ; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father : for Hiram was ever a lover of David.] And Solomon sent to Hiram^, saying", B. 2 Chron. 2. (Solomon's chariots. See § 25.) 1 [Now Solomon purposed to build an house for the name of the Lord, and an house for his 2 kingdom. And Solomon told out threescore and ten thousand men to bear burdens, and fourscore thousand men that were hewers in the mountains, and three thousand and six hundred to oversee them "•.] 3 And Solomon sent to Ruram [the king of Tyre], saying. " The LXX reads ' from the high place.' The text, as wo have it, is simplj- a copyist's error. § 17. — Note. — B. appears to have some additional materials. '^ See below, V. 17, where this verse is repeated. ^ A. Hh-am. B. Huram, passim. LXX Hiram in both accounts. <^ See the correspondence as given by Josephus {Ant. viii. 2. 6, and 5. 3). 38 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 5. {Continued.) 3 Thou kriowest how that David my fatlier could not buikl an house for tlie name of the Lord his God for the war.s which were about him on every side, until the Lord put them under the 4 soles of his feet. But now the Lord my God hath given me rest on every side ; there is neither adversary, nor evil occurrent. 5 And, behold, I purpose to build an house for the name of the Lord my God, [as the Lord sjiake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build the house for my name.] 6 Now therefore . command thou that they heio me cedar trees . . . out of Lebanon ; . . . and - . . . my servants shall be with thy servants ; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say : for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians B. 2 Chron. 2. {Continued.) As thovi didst deal with David my fathei-, and didst send him cedars to build him an house to dwell therein, even so deal with me. 4 Behold, I build an house for the name of the Lord my God, [to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him incense of sweet spices, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the set feasts of the Lord our God. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel. 5 And the house which I build is great : for great is our God above 6 all gods. But who is able to build him an house, seeing the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain him ? who am I then, that I should build him an house, save only to buiui incense before him ?] 7 Now therefore [send me a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave all manner of gravings, to be with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did 8 provide.] Send me also cedar trees, [fir trees, and algum trees,] out of Lebanon : [for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon ;] and, [behold,] my servants shall be 9 with thy servants, even to pre- pare me timber in abundance : [for the house which DEUTEROGRAPHS. 39 A. 1 Kings 5. {Continued.) And it c;imo to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solo- mon, that he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be the Lord [this day,] ichich hath given to David . . . . a wise son [over this great people] 8 . . . . And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have heard the message which thou hast sent unto me : I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and 9 concerning timber of fir. My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea : and I will make them into rafts to go by sea unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be broken up there, and thou shalt receive them : and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household. B. 2 Chron. 2. (Continued.) I am about to build shall bo 10 wonderful great.] And, Ijehold, I will give to thy f-ervants, the hewers that cut timber, twenty thousand measures of beaten wheat, [and twenty thousand measui-es of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine,] and twenty thousand baths of oil. 11 Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, Because the Lord loveth his people, he hath made thee king over them. 12 Huram said moreover. Blessed bo the Lord, [the God of Israel, that made heaven and earth,] . . . . icito hath given to David [the king] a wise son, .... [endued with dis- cretion and understanding, that should build an house for the Lord, and an house for his king- 1.3 dom. And now I have sent a cunning man, endued with under- 14 standing, of Huram my father's, the son of a woman of the daugh- ters of Dan'', and his father was a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in l)lue, and in fine linen, and in crimson ; also to grave any manner of graving, and to devise any device : that thei'e may be a place appointed unto him with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father.] d See I Kings 7. 13, where the mother is said to be of the tribe of Naphtali. 40 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 1 Kings 5. {Co7itim(ed.) 10 So Hiram gave Solomon timber of cedar and timl)er of fir accord- 11 ing to all his desiie. And Solo- mon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures " of wheat lor food to his household, and twenty mea- sures of jiure oil : thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year. 12 [And the Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him ; and there was jieace between Hiram and Solomon ; and they two made a league together.] 13 And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel ; and the levy was thirty thousand men s. 14 And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses : a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home : and Adoniram was over the levy. 3 5 And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand . . . that bare burdens, and fourscore thousand that were hewers in the moun- 16 tains ; besides Solomon's chief officers^ that were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, B. 2 Chron. 2. {Continued.) 15 Now therefore the wheat and the bar- ley, the oil and the wine, which my lord hath spoken of, let him 16 send unto his servants : and we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou shalt need': and we will bring it to thee in floats ' by sea to Joi^jja ; and thou shalt carry it up to Jerusalem. 17 And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering whei'ewith David his father had numbered them ; and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred ^. 18 And he set threescore and ten thousand [of them] to bear burdens, and fourscore thousand that were hewers in the moun- tains, and three thousand and six hundred overseers to set the people awork. " A gives the yearly grant for Hiram's household, 20,000 measures of wheat, and twenty measures of pure oil. B. gives the grant for the workmen, 20,000 measures of wheat, barley, wine, and oil. The word 13 is only in these Books, and Ezek. 45. 14. A. has it for the measures of oil as well as for the wheat. In each case A. uses the singular form and B. the plural. f li'lV) a peculiar word, here only. The same is the case with the word translated ' floats.' 6 A. gives 30,000 Lebanon workers (whom B. does not refer to). The burden bearers and hewers answer in the two accounts. The foremen are 300 less in A. than in B. Josephus follows A. b See above, v. 2. 1 For officers D^^V.^, B. has D^PIVJ^T, which looks like a var. lect. The word is only used in late books, and in the titles to Psalms, where it is translated ' chief musician.' It signifies to overlook or set forward any work, whether mechanical or musical, and is applied to chief harpers i Chron. 15. 21. Cf. Hab. 3. 19. DEUTEEOGRAPHS. 41 A. 1 Kings 5. {Continued.) which bare rule over the people 17 tliat wrought in the work. And the king commanded, and they hewed out great stones, costly stones, to lay the foimdation of the liouse with wrought stone. 18 And Solomon's builders and Hi- ram's builders and the Gebalites did fashion them, and prepared the timber and the stones to build the house. B. 2 Chron. 2. (Continuerl .) (§ 18.) A. 1 Kings 6. (Continuous,) [And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt,] in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in [the month Ziv, which is] the second month, that he built the house of the LOKD. '2 And the house which king Solomon built for the Lord, the length [thereof] Avas threescore cubits, and the breadth [thereof] twenty, . . . [and the height 3 thereof thirty cubits.] And the porch .... before [the temple of the house], twenty cubits was the length thereof, according to the breadth of the B. 2 Chron. 3. (Continuous.) Then Solomon began to build the house of the Lord [at Jei'usa- lem in mount Moriah, wh( re the Lord appeared unto David his father, which he made ready in the place that David had ap- pointed, in the threshing-floor of 2 Oman the Jebusite]. And he began to build [in the second] of the second month, in the fourth j'ear of his reign. 3 Now these are the foundations which Solomon laid for the build- ing of the house of God. The length . . . [by cubits after the first measure^] was threescore cubits, and the breadth .... twenty [cubits] i And the porch [that was] before the length of it. according to the breadth of the house, was twenty § 18. — Note. — B. only gives an outline, but it agrees in the main with A. " This important parenthesis seems to implj- that the length of the cubit had been reduced in later times, but that the measurements are here given according to the original or longer cubit. 42 DEUTEEOGKAPHS. A. 1 Kings 6. (Continued.) house ; [ten cubits was the breadth thereof before the house.] (Structural details added by A., vv. 4-13.) 14 So Solomon built the house, 15 and finished it. And he built the walls of the house within with boards of cedar ; from the floor of the house unto the walls of the cieling, he covered them on the inside with wood : and he covered the floor of the house 16 with boards of fir. And he built twenty cubits on the hinder part of the house with boards of cedar from the floor unto i,he walls : he even built them for it within, for an oracle, even for the most holy 17 place. And the house, that is, the temple before it, was forty 18 cubits. And there was cedar on the house within, carved with knops and open flowers : all was cedar ; there was no stone seen. lit And he prepared an oracle in the midst of the house within, to set there the ark of the covenant of 20 the Lord. And within the oracle was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in the height there- of ; and he overlaid it with pure gold : and he covered the altar with cedar. 21 So Solomon overlaid the house within with pure gold : and he drew chains of gold across before the oracle ; and he overlaid it 22 with gold. And the whole house he overlaid with gold, until all the house was finished : also the whole altar that belonged to the oracle he overlaid with gold. B. 2 Chron. 3. {Cofitinued.) cubits, [and the height an hundred and twenty.] And he overlaid it within with 5 pure gold. And the greater hovise he cieled with fir tree, which he overlaid with fine gold, and wrought thereon palm trees and 6 chains. And he garnished the house with precious stones for beauty : and the gold was gold of 7 Parvaim *>. He overlaid also the house, the beams, the thresholds, and the walls thereof, and the doors thereof, with gold ; and graved cherubim on the walls. 8 And he made the most holy house ; the length thereof, accord- ing to the breadth of the house. ^ Parvaim here only. DEUTEROGEAPHS. 43 A, 1 Kings 6. (Continued. ) 23 And in the oracle'^ he made two chcruliini oi olive ?('00(/'', cacli 24 ten ciiliits hifj;h. And five cu))its was the one wing of tlie chcrul), and five ciil)its the other wing of the chenib : from the uttermost part of the one wing unto the uttermost part of the other were 25 ten cubits. And the other cherub was ton cubits : both tlie cheru- bim were of one measure and one 26 form. The lieight of the one cherub was ten cubits, and so was 27 it of the other cherub. And he set the cherubim within the inner house : and the wings of the cherubim were stretched forth, so that the wing of the one touclied the one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall ; and their wings touched one another in the midst of the 28 house. And he overlaid the cheru- 29 bim with gold. And he carved all the walls of the house round about with carved figures of cherubim and palm trees and open flowers, 30 within and without. And the floor of the house he overlaid with 31 gold, within and without. And for the entering of the oracle he made doors of olive wood : the lintel . . door posts were a fifth 32 part. So . . two doors of olive wood ; and he carved upon them carvings of cherubim and palm trees and open flowers, and over- laid them with gold ; and he spread the gold upon the cheru- bim, and upon the palm trees. 33 So also made he for the entei-ing of the temple door posts of olive wood, out of a fourth part . . . ; B. 2 Chron. 3. (Continued.) was twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits : and he overlaid it with fine gold, amounting to six hundred talents. 9 And the weight of the nails was fifty shekels of gold. And he overlaid the ujiper chambers with gold. 10 And in the mosthohj houseliQ made two cherubim of image ivork ; and they overlaid them with gold. 11 And the wings of the cherul»im were twenty cubits long : the wing of the one was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house ; and the other wing was five cubits, reaching to the wing of 12 the other cherub. And the wing of the other cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house : and the other wing was five cubits, joining to the wing of 13 the other cherub. The wings of these cherubim spread themselves forth twenty cubits : and they stood on their feet, and their faces were toward the house. *^ B. uses "T'QT elsewhere of the Most Holy Place, e. g. v. i6. In other Books it is only used m Ps. 28. 2. J Below A. has ptJ'"''i»y (oil trees), whilst B. has D^yVyiT, which is here only. 44 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 6, 7. {Continued.) 34 and two dooi-s of fir wood ; the two leaves of the one door were fohling, and the two leaves of the 35 other door were folding. And he carved cherubim and palm trees and open flowers : and he over- laid them with gold fitted vipon 36 the graven work. . . And he built the inner court with three rows of hewn stone, and a row of cedar beams. 37 In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the Lord laid, in the month Ziv. 38 And in the eleventh year, in the month Bui, which is the eighth month, was the house finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it. So was he seven years in building it. (Here follow the dimensions of the House of Judgement and of the courts.) 7 13 And king Solomon sent and 14 fetched Hiram out of Tyro. He was the son of a widow woman of the tribe of Naphtali«, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in . . . brass ; . . . and he was filled with wisdom and un- derstanding and cunning, to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work. 15 For he fashioned the two pillars [of brass], of eighteen ' cubits high apiece : [and a line of twelve cubits compassed either of 16 them about.] And he made two chapiters of molten brass, to set ui)on the tops of the pillars : the height of the one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the B. 2 Chron. 3. {Continued.) 14 [And he made the veil of blue, and pur^jle, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubim thereon.] 15 Also he made before the house two pillars . . . of thirty and five cubits high, and the chapiter that was on the top of each of 16 them was five cubits. And he made chains [in the oracle], and put them on the tops of the ■^ The widow's husband was possibly of the tribe of NaphtaU, though the woman herself was of the tribe of Dan. See § 16, B. 14. f The difference not easily accounted for. Jer. 52. 21 agrees with A. The height in B. is nearly twice as much, while the number of pomegranates in B. is onlj- half those in A. The word used by B. fur chajjiter (i. e. capital) in this verso is nSV) which is \ised nowhere else. In chap. 4. 12, 13 the ordinary word Hinj is used, as also by Jeremiah. DEUTEROGRAPHS . 45 A. 1 Kings 7. (Continued.) other chapiter was five cubits. 17 There were nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of tlie pillars ; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for 18 the other chapiter. So ho made the pillars ; and there were two rows i-ound al)0ut upon the one network, to cover tlie chai)iters that were upon the top of the pillars : and so did he for the 19 other chapiter. And the chapiters that wore upon the top of the pillars in the porch were of lily 20 work, four cubits. And there were chapiters above also upon the two pillars, close by the belly which was beside the network : and the joomegranates were (ivo hundi'ed, in rows round about 21 U2)on the other chapiter. And he set up the pillars at the porch of the temple : and he set up the right pillar, and called the name there- of Jachin : and he set up the left pillar, and called the name there- of Boaz. 22 [And upon the top of the pil- lars was lily work: so was the work of the pillars finished.] B. 2 Chron. 3. {Continued.) pillars ; and he made an hundred pomegranates, and \i\xt them on the chains. 17 And he set up the pillars before the temple, one on the right hand, and the other on the left ; and called the name of that on the right hand Jachin, and the name of that on the left Boaz. (§ 19.) A. 1 Kings 7. (Continuous.) 23 And he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and the height thereof was five cubits : and a line of thirty cubits compassed it 2i round about. And under [the brim of] it [round about] there B. 2 Chron. 4. (Continuous.) [Moreover he made an altar of bi-ass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof.] And he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and the height thereof was five cubits ; and a line of thirty cubits compassed it round about. And under . . it . . was the similitude 46 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 7. {Continued.) were knaps'^ which did compass it, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about : the knops were in two rows, cast 25 when it was cast. It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking to- ward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three look- ing toward the east : and the sea was set ujion them above, and all their hinder parts were inward. 2 i And it was an handbreadth thick ; and the bi-im thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily : it . . . . held two thousand baths. 27 [And he made the ten bases of brass ; four cubits was the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height of it.] (A. gives a detailed description of the bases, vv. 2S-37.) 3S [And] he made . . ten lavers [of brass : one laver contained forty baths : and every laver was four cubits : and upon every one .39 of the ten bases one laver]. And he set [the bases] five on the right side [of the house], and five on the left [side of the house] ; . . B. 2 Chron. 4. (Continued.) of oxen, which did compass it [round about], for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about. The oxen were in two rows, cast 4 when it was cast. It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking to- ward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three look- ing toward the east : and the sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward. 5 And it was an handbreadth thick ; and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily : it [received and] held tfiree thousand baths. 6 . . He made [also] ten lavers, and put .... five on tlie right hand, and five on the left, [to wash in them ; such things as belonged to the burnt offering they washed in them : but the sea was for the priests to wash 7 in. And he made the ten can- dlesticks of gold according to the ordinance concerning them ; and he set them in tlie temple, five on the right hand, and five 8 on the left. He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made an 9 hundred basons of gold. Further- moi'e he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and § 19. — "■ The knops (Q^ypS) seem in this verse to take the place of the oxen (Ip^). It may have been a copyist's mistake ; biit the LXX retains the two texts. The ' knops ' in Exodus are D''"inD3. This word is only found later in Amos and Zephaniab (lintel). DEUTEEOGEAPHS. 47 A. 1 Kings 7. {Continued.) and he set the sea on the right side [of the house] eastward, to- 40 ward the south. And Hiram made the lanrs ^, and thi^ shovels, and the bat^ons. So Hiram made an end of doing [all] the work that he wrought for king Solomon 41 in the house of the Lord : the two pillars, and the [two] bowls of the . . chapiters that were on the top of the pillars ; and the two networks to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were on the 42 top of the pillars ; and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks ; two rows of pome- granates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pil- 43 lars Also the [ten] bases, and the [ten] lavers . . . 44 . . on the bases ; [and] the one sea, and the twelve oxen under 45 the .sea. [And] the pots also, and the shovels, and the basons'', even all these vessels, . . . ichich Hiram .... made for king Solomon, in tlie house of the Lord, 46 [were] of hvrnished'^ brass. In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between 47 Succoth and Zarethan". And Solomon left all the vessels in [very] great abundance ' : . . the weight of the brass could not be found out. 48 And Solomon made all the vessels that were in the house' of Wieioj;/) : the golden altar, . and the table whereon was the 49 shewbread^ [of gold] ; and the candlesticks, [five on the right B. 2 Chron. 4. {Continued.) doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with ))i'ass.] 10 And ho set the sea on the right side eastward, to- ll ward the south. And Huram made tlu^ pofe, and the shovels, and the liasons. So Huram made an end of doing . . the work that he wrought for king Solomon 12 in the house of God : the two pillars, and the . . bowls, ancZ the [two] chapiters ichich were on the toi> of the jjillars ; and the two networks to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were on the 13 top of the pillars ; and the four hvmdred pomegranates for the two networks ; two rows of pome- granates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pil- 14 lars. [He made] also the . bases, and the . . lavers [made 15 he] upon the bases ; . . the one sea, and the twelve oxen under 16 it. . . . The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all the vessels [thereof], did Huram [his father] make for king Solomon /or the house of the Lord 17 . . . of bright brass. In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between 18 Succoth and Zeredah. And Solomon made all these vessels in . . great abundance : [for] the weight of the brass could not be found out. 19 And Solomon made all the vessels that were in the house of God, the golden altar [also], and the tables whereon was the 20 shewbread ; . . . . and the candlesticks [with their lamps, that they should burn according to the ordinance] *> A. niT'^. B. ni'^'^D. A. has "D below, v. 45, so that this is a copyist's error. " A. pnrt^- B. 3^r^- '' A. anroD. b. pno. " a. |mv. B. nmiV. ' a. y\J2. B. 2"l^. E This is the only place in Chron. in which the old Levitical word for shewbread (D''J2n UVO) occurs, and it is here because the passage is an extract. In the six other places in which shewbread is referred to in Chron. it is properly Eow-bread (n3"iyD), as in Neh. 10. 33. 48 DEUTEROGRAPHS A. 1 Kings 7. {Continued.) side, and five on the left,] before the oracle, of pure gold ; and tlie flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold ; 50 , . . and [the cups, and] the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the firepans, of pure gold ; and the hinges, both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and [for] the doors of the house, of the temple, . . of gold. 51 Thus all the work that [king]. Solomon wrought . . the house of the LoKD was finished. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedi- cated, . . the silver, and the gold, and . the vessels, and put them in the treasuries of the house of the Lord. B. 2 Chron. 4, 5. {Conti7iued.) before 21 the oracle, of pure gold ; and the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold, [and that perfect 22 gold ;] and the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the firepans, of pure gold : and as for the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and . . the doors of the house, of the temple, [were] of gold. 5 Thus all the work that . . . Solomon wrought [for] the house of the Lord was finished. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedi- cated, [even] the silver, and the gold, and [all] the vessels, and put them in the treasuries of the house of God. (§ 20.) A. 1 Kings 8. (Continuous.) Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the princes of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto [king Solomon in] Jerusa- lem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of the city of David, which is Zion. 2 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast, [in the month Ethanim ";'] which was the 3 seventh month. And all the elders of Israel came, and the 4 priests^ took up the ark. And B. 2 Chron. 5. (Continuous.) 2 Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the princes of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto Jerusa- lem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of the city of David, which is Zion. 3 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto the king at the feast, .... which was the 4 seventh month. And all the elders of Israel came, and the 5 Levites took up the ark. And § 20. — " The name of the month omitted by B., here as in the case of the month Ziv (§ 18). ^' The variation here is noteworthy. Note B.'s oniission of ' and ' in the next verse. DEUTEROQRAPHS. 49 A. 1 Kings 8. {Continued.) they brought up the ark [of the Lord"), and tho Tent of meeting, and all the holy vessels that were in the Tent ; [even] these did the priests [and J the Levites bring 5 up. And king Solomon and all the congregation of Israel, that were assembled unto him, were [with him] before the ark, sacri- ficing sheep and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude. 6 And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the Lord unto its place, into the oracle of the house, to the most holy place, even under the wings of the 7 cherubim. For the cherubim spread forth their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubim covered the ark and 8 the staves thereof above. And the staves were so long that the ends of the staves were seen from the hohj-pluce'' before the oracle; but they were not seen without : and tliere they are unto this day''. 9 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables [of stone] which Moses put [there] at Horeb, when the Lord made a covenant with the children of Israel, when they came out of [the land of] Egypt. 10 And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, B. 2 Chron. 5. {Continued.) they brought up the ark, . . . . . . and the Tout of meeting, and all the holy vessels that were in the Tent ; . . these did the priests . . the Levites bring 6 up. And king Solomon and all the congregation of Israel, that were assembled unto him, were . . before the ark, sacri- ficing sheep and oxen, that could not bo told nor numbered for multitude. 7 And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the Lord unto its place, into the oracle of the house, to the most holy place, even under the wings of the 8 cherubim. For the cherubim spread forth their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubim covered the ai'k and 9 the staves thereof above. And the staves were so long that the ends of the staves were seen from the ark before the oracle ; but they were not seen withoiit : and there they are, unto this day. 10 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables .... which Moses put . . at Horeb, when the Lord made a covenant with the children of Isi'ael, when they came out of Egypt. 11 And it came to pass, Avhen the priests were come out of the holy place, [for all the priests that were present had sanctified them- selves, and did not keep their 12 courses ; also the Levites which were the singers, all of them, even Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun, and their sons and their brethren, ari'ayed in fine linen, with cym- bals and psalteries and harps, stood at the east end of the altar, and with them an hundred and twenty priests sounding with 13 trumpets : it came even to j^ass, " Tlie LXX reads Holy-Place in both texts. ^ Although this was no doubt the case when A. was written it was not so when B, was completed ; but the extract was carried on without alteration. E 50 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 1 Kings 8. ( Continued.) thai the doud filled the house 11 of the Loud, so that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of tlie cloud : for the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord. 12 Then spake Solomon, The Lord hath said that he would dwell in 13 the thick darkness. . . I have [surely "] built thee an house of habitation, . . a place for tlice to 14 dwell in for ever. And the king turned his face, and blessed all the congregation of Israel : and all the congregation of Israel stood. 15 And he said, Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, which spuke with his mouth unto David my father, and hath with his hand 16 fulfilled it, saying. Since the day that I brought forth my people [Israel] out of ... . Egypt, I chose no city out of all the tribes of Israel to build an house, that my name might be there'; hat I chose David to be over 17 my people Israel. Now it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for the name of 18 the Lord, the God of Israel. But the Lord said iinto David my father, Whereas it was in thine heart to build an house for my name, thou didst well that it was 19 in thine heart : nevertheless thou shalt not V)uild the house ; l)ut thy son that shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build tlie 20 house for my name. And the B. 2 Chron. 5, 6. (Contimted.) when the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to bo heard in praising and thanking the Lord ; and when they lifted up their voice with the trumj^ets and cymbals and instruments of music, and praised the Lord, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever :] that the house was filled with a cloud, 14 even the house of the Lord, so that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of the cloud : for the glory of the Lord filled the house of God. 6 Then spake Solomon, The Lord hath said that he would dwell in 2 the thick darkness. [But] I have . built thee an house of habitation, [and] a place for thee to 3 dwell in for evei*. And the king turned his face, and blessed all the congregation of Israel : and all the congregation of Israel stood. 4 And he said, Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, which spake with his mouth unto David my father, and hath with his hands 5 fulfilled it, saying, Since the day that I brought forth my people . . . out of [the land of] Egypt, I chose no city out of all the tribes of Israel to build an house, that my name might be there ; [neither chose I any man to be prince over my people Israel : 6 but I have chosen Jerusalem, that my name might be there ;] and have chosen David to be over 7 my people Israel. Now it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for the name of 8 the Lord, the God of Israel. But the Lord said unto David my father, Whereas it was in thine heart to build an house for my name, thou didst well that it was 9 in thine heart : nevertheless thou shalt not build the house ; but thy son tliat shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the 10 house for my name. And the '■ A. r\22. B. see LXX. ••JNI. f An A. copyist has made an accidental omission DEUTEROGEAPHS. 51 A. 1 Kings 8. (Continued.) Lord hath poi-formod his word that lio spake ; for I am risen up in the room of Da\'id my father, and sit on tlie throne of Israel, as the Lord promised, and liave built the house for the name of 21 the Lord, the God of Israel. And there liave I set [a place for] the ark, wherein is the covenant of the Lord, which he made with our fathers, [when ho brought them out of the land of Egypt.] B. 2 Chron. 6. (Continued. ) Lord hath performed his word that he spake ; for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and sit on the throne of Israel, as the Lord promised, and have built the house for the name of 11 the Lord, the God of Israel. And there have I set .... the ark, wherein is the covenant of the Lord, which he made with the children of Israel (§ 21.) A. 1 Kings 8. (Continuous.) 22 And Solomon stood before the altar of the Lord in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands . . 23 . . . . toward heaven : and ho said, Lord, the God of Israel, there is no God like thee, in . . heaven [above], or on earth [beneath] ; who keepest covenant and mei'cy with thy sei"vants, that walk before thee with all 21 their heart : who hast kept with thy servant David my father that which thou didst promise him : yea, thou spakest with thymouth, and hast fulfilled it with thine 25 hand, as it is this day. Now therefore, O Lord, the God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my father that which thou hast promised him, saying. There shall not fail thee a man B. 2 Chron. 6. (Continuous.) 12 And he stood before the altar of the Lord in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, 13 and spread forth his hands : [for Solomon had made a brasen scaffold, of five cubits long, and five cubits broad, and thi'ee cubits high, and had set it in the midst of the court ; and upon it he stood, and kneeled down upon his knees before all tlie congrega- tion of Israel, and spread forth 14 his hands] toward heaven : and he said, Lord, the God of Israel, there is no God like thee, in [the] heaven, ... or in the earth ; . . . . who keepest covenant and mercy with thy servants, that walk before thee with all 15 their heart : who hast kept with thy servant David my father that which thou didst promise him : yea. thou spakest with thymouth, and hast fulfilled it with thine 16 hand, as it is this day. Now therefore, O Lord, the God of Israel, keep with thy sei-vant David my father that which thou hast promised him, saying, There shall not fail thee a man E 2 52 DEUTEEOGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 8. {Continued.) in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel ; if only thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me as thou hast ■walked 26 before me. Now therefore, . . . . God of Israel, let thy word, [I pray thee,] be verified, which thou spakest unto thy servant David [my father]. 27 But will God in very deed dwell .... on the earth ? behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee ; how mucli less this house that 28 I have huilded ! Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy sei-vant, and to his supplication, O Lord my God, to hearken unto the cry and to the prayer which thy servant pnij'eth before thee 29 [this day] : tliat thine eyes may be open toward this house niglit and day, even toward the place whereof thou hast said, Mij name shall he tfiere "; to hearken unto the prayer which thy servant shall pray toward 30 this place. And hearken thou to the sitjrpUcation of thy servant, and of thy people Israel, when they shall pray toward this place : yea, hear thou in ^ Iwaven thy dwelling place ; and when thou hearest, forgive. 31 If a man sin against liis neigh- hour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before thine 32 altar in this house : then hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy ser^'ants, condemning" the wicked, to bring his way upon his own head ; and justi- fying the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness. 33 When thy people Israel be smitten down before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee ; if they turn again [to thee]. B. 2 Chron. 6. {Continued.) in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel ; if only thy children take heed to their way, to walk in my law as thou hast walked 17 before me. Now therefore, [Lord, the] God of Israel, let thy word be verified, which thou spakest unto thy servant David. 18 But will God in very deed dwell [with men] on the earth ? behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee ; how much less this house which 19 I have huilded! Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy servant, and to his suj^plication, Lord my God, to hearken unto the cry and to the prayer which thy servant prayeth before thee : 20 ... . that thine ej'es may be open towai'd this house day and night, even toward the place whereof thou hast said that thou wouldest put thy name, there; to hearken unto the prayer which thy sei^vant shall pray toward 21 this place. And hearken thou to the suppJicati'.ins of thy servant, and of thy people Isi'ael, when they shall jiray toward this place : yea, hear thou from tliy dwelling place, even from heaven; and when thou hearest, forgive. 22 If a man sin against his neigh- bour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before thine 23 altar in this house : then hear thou from heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, requiting the wicked, to bring his way upon his own head ; and justi- fying the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness. 24 And if thy people Israel be smitten down before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee ; and shuU turn again . . . § 21. — " There are other instances of the direct being turned into the oblique. b A. usually puts no preposition at all in this formula, B. usually has VQ. "= Possibly a various reading. A. yt^inl?. B. 3''t^n^. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 53 A. 1 Kings 8. {Continued.) and confess thy name, and pray and make suiiplifution U7ito thee 34 in tliis house : then hoar thou in lieaven, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest to their fathers. 35 When . . heaven is shut up, and there is uo rain, because they have sinned against thee : if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost 36 afflict them : then hear thou in ^ heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, when thou teachest them the good way wherein they should walk ; and send rain upon thy land, which thou hast given to thy people for an inheritance. 37 If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting, . . mildew, locust . . caterpiller ; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities ; whatsoever plague, . . whatso- 38 ever sickness there be ; what prayer and supplication soever be made by any man, . . by all thy people Israel, which shall know every man (he plague of his oxen heart', and shall spread forth his hands toward this house : 39 then hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and forgive, [and do,] and render unto every man according to all his ways, whose heart thou knowest ; (for thou, even thou only, knowest the hearts of [all] the children of 40 men ;) that they may fear thee all the days that they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers. 41 Moreover concerning the stranger, that is not of thy people Israel, when he shall come B. 2 Chron. 6. (Continued.) and confess thy name, and pray and make supplication before thee 25 in this house : then hear thou/>u»i heaven, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest to [them and to] tlieir fathers. 26 When [the] heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee ; if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost 27 afflict them : then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy jieople Israel, when thou teachest them the good way wherein thej- should walk ; and send rain upon thy land, which thou hast given to thy people for an inheritance. 28 If there be ia the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting [or"] mildew, locust [or] caterpiller ; if their enemies besiege them in the land of their cities ; whatsoever plague [or] whatso- 2'.i ever sickness there be ; what prayer and supplication soever be made by any man, [or] by all thy people Israel, which shall know every man his own playue and his oicn sorrow, and shall spread forth hishands toward this house : 30 then hear thou from heaven thy dwelling jjlace, and forgive, . . . and render unto every man according to all his ways, whose heart thou knowest ; (for thou, even thou only, knowest the hearts of . . the children of 31 men ;) that they may fear thee, [to walk in thy ways,] so long as they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers. 32 Moreover concerning the stranger, that is not of thy people Israel, when he shall come <^ In this case B. simply copies A.'s idiom instead of putting ' from heaven.' * There is a tendency in B. to add conjunctions so as to make the sentences more smooth. f Possibly grown out of a various reading ; A. 133? • B. 13S301 ; but not probable. The LXX agrees with our texts. 54 DEUTEROGKAPHS. A. 1 Kings 8. {Continued.) from a far country for the sake of 42 thy [name ; for they shall hear of thy] great name, and thy mighty hand, and thy stretched out arm ; when he shall come and pray toward this house ; . . 43 hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and do accord- ing to all that the stranger calleth to thee for ; that all the peoples of the earth may know tliy nnme, to fear thee, as doth thy people Israel, and that they may know that this house whicli I have built is called by thy name. 44 If thy people go out to battle against their enemy, by whatso- ever way thou slialt send them, and they pray unto the Lord in the direction ofs the city which thou hast chosen, and [in the direction of] the house which 45 I have built for tliy name : then hear thou in heaven their prayer and their supplication, and main- 46 tain their cause. If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captive vinto the land [of the enemy] far off or 47 near ; yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they are carried captive, and turn again, and make supplication unto thee in the land of them that carried them cctptire, saying, We have sinned, and have done perversely, 48 we have dealt wickedly ; if they return unto thee with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their eremies, ichich carried them captive, and pray [unto thee] in the direction of their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, . . . the city which thou ha^t chosen, and the house which 49 I have built for thy name : then hear thou their prayer and their B. 2 Chron. 6. {Continued.) from a far country for the sake of thy . great name, and thy mighty hand, and thy stretched out arm ; when they shall come 33 and pray toward this house: [then] hearthou/n/;». heaven, [even from] thy dwelling jilace, and do accord- ing to all that the stranger calleth to thee for ; that all the i>eoples of the earth may know thy name, and fear thee, as doth thy people Israel, and that they may know that this house which I have built is called by thy name. 34 If thy people go out to battle against their enemies, by whatso- ever way thou shalt send them, and they pray unto thee in the direction of this city which thou hast chosen, and . . . the hou^e which 35 I have built for thy name : then hear thou/?om heaven their prayer and their supplication, and main- 36 tain their cause. If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away cajitive unto a land far off or 37 near ; yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they are cariied captive, and turn again, and make supplication unto thee in the land of their caiMvity, saying. We have sinned, ice have done perversely ; 38 and have dealt wickedly ; if they return unto thee with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their ccqitivity, whither [they have] carried them captive, and pray .... in the direction of their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, [and] the city which thou hast chosen, and the house which 39 I have built for thy name : then hear thou from heaven, [even from] ^ The E. A. V. and the E. V. alike fail to notice the changes in both texts from pX to "pTi : so below, v. 48. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 55 A. 1 Kings 8. (Co)itiniass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built [the two houses], the house of the Lord and the king's 11 house, [now Hiram the king of Tyre had furnished Solomon with cedar trees and fir trees, and with gold, according to all his desire,] that the7i king Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of 12 Galilee. [And Hiram came out from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had given him ; and 13 they pleaded him not. And he said, What cities are these which thou hast given me, my brother ? And he called them the land of 14 Cabul, unto tliis day. And Hiram sent to the king sixscore talents of gold.] 15 [And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised ; for to build the house of the Lord, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor, and Megiddo, and Gezer. 16 Pharaoh king of Egypt had gi ne up, and taken Gezer, and burnt it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and given it for a portion unto his daughter, Solomon's 17 wife. And Solomon built Gezer,] B. 2 Chron, 8. (Continuous.) And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the house of the Lord, and his oicn house, 2 . . that the cities which Huram had giien to Solomon, Solomon built them, and caused the children of Israel to dtcell there. 3 [And Solomon went to Hamath- zobah, and prevailed against it. 4 And he built Tadmor in the 6o DEUTEEOGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 9. (Continiied.) . . and Beth-horon the nether, 18 and Baalath. [and Tamar in the wilderness, in the 19 land,] and all the store cities that Solomon had, and . . the cities for his chariots, and the cities for his horsemen, and . that [which] Solomon desired to build for his pleasure in Jeru- salem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. 20 As for all the people that were leftof the Amorites, . . theHit- tites, . . the Perizzites, . . the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of [the children of] 21 Israel ; . . their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel imre not able utferhj to destroy, of them did Solomon i-aise a levy [of bond- 22 servants], unto this day''. But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no bondservants ; but they were men of war, [and his servants,] and [his] princes and his captains, and rulers of his chariots and of his 23 horsemen. . . These were the chief officers that were over Solomon's work, five'' hundred and fifty, ivhich bare rule over the peojole [that 24 wrought in the work]. But Pharaoh's daughter cayne wp out of the city of David unto her house ivhich he had built for her : [then did he build Millo.] 25 And three times in a year did Solomon offer burnt offei'ings [and peace offerings] upon the altar which he built unto the Lord, B. 2 Chron. 8. ( Cotitinued. ) wilderness, and all the store cities, which he built in Hamath. 5 Also he built Beth-horon the upper,] and Beth-horon the nether, [fenced cities, with walls, gates, 6 and bars ;] and Baalath, . . . and all the store cities that Solomon had, and [all] the cities for his chariots, and the cities for his horsemen, and [all] that . . . Solomon desired to build for his jDleasure in Jeru- salem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. 7 As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, [and] the Amor- ites, [and] the Perizzites, [and] the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of 8 Israel ; [of] their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, of them did Solomon raise a levy . . . 9 . . . . unto this day. But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no bondservants [for his work] ; but they were men of war, and . . princes o/ his captains, and rulers of his chariots and of his 10 horsemen. [And] these were the chief officers of king Solomon, even two hundred and fifty, that bare rule over the peojjle. . . . 11 And Solo- mon brought up Pharaoh's daughter out of the city of David unto the house that he liad built for her : [for he said. My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the Lord hath come.] 12 Then Solomon offered burnt of- ferings unto the Lord on the altar of the Lord, which he had built 13 [before the porch, even as the § 23. — " The words ' unto this day ' are retained by B., though not altogether applicable in his time. They testify to the early date of A. ^ LXX follows tlic present Heb. text in each place, and so below, v. 28. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 6i A. 1 Kings 9. (Continued.) [burning incense therewith, that was before the Lord.] So he finished the house. 26 And king Solomon [made a navy] inEzion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the sliore of the [Red] Sea, in 27 the land of Edom. And Hiram sent in the navy'^ his servants, ship-tnen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of 28 Solomon ; and they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and brought it to king Solomon. B. 2 Chron. 8. {Continued. ~) duty of every day required, offer- ing according to the command- ment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the set feasts,] . three times in the year, [even in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles, l*! And he ajipointed, according to the ordinance of David his father, the courses of the priests to their service, and the Levites to their charges, to praise, and to minister before the priests, as the duty of every day required : the door- keepers also by their courses at every gate : for so had David the 15 man of God commanded. And they departed not from the com- mandment of the king unto the priests and Levites concerning any matter, or concerning the 16 treasures. Now all the work of Solomon was prepared unto the day of the foundation of the house of the Lord, and until it was finished.] So the house [of the Lord] was perfected. ThenicentBoloxaon to Ezion - geber, and to Eloth, on the . . . sea shore in 18 the land of Edom. And Huram sent him by the hands of his servants shi})s and servants that had know- ledge of the sea ; and tliey came with the servants of Solomon to Ophir, and fetched from thence four hundred and fffy talents of gold, and brought them to king Solomon. 17 ■^ A. ""JNQ. B. TiV^N- n'JN is tlie ordinary word for a navy, but '•JK is also in I Kings 10. II, 22 (see below), and Isa. 33. 21. There is a slight misplacemeut in the words below. Note also ' fifty ' for ' twenty.' 62 DEUTEROCtRAPHS. (§24. A. 1 Kings 10. (Continuous.) And when the queen of Sheha heard of the fame of Solomon [concerning the name of the Lord], she came to prove him 2 with hard questions. [And she came] to Jerusalem with a very great train, . . camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones : and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that 3 was in her heart. And Solomon told her all her questions : . . there was not any thing hid fx"om the king which he told her nol. 4 And when the queen of Sheba had seen [all] the wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he 5 had built, and the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, . . . and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the Lord ; there was no more spirit 6 in her. And she said to the king. It "vvas a true report that I heard in mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom. 7 Howbeit I believed not the words, until I came, and mine ej^es had seen it : and, behold, the half was not told me : [thy wisdom and prosperity] . . exctedeth 8 the fame which I heard. Happy are thy men, . . happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, that hear 9 thy wisdom. Blessed be the Lord thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee on the throne [of Israel] : . . . . because the Loud loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee king, to do judgement and 10 justice. And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and ^of] spices . . [very] great abundance, and precious stones : there came no more such [abundance of] spices as [these which] the B. 2 Chron. 9. (Continuous.) And when the queen of Sheba heard of the f;ime of Solomon, . . . she came to prove Solomon with hard questions . . . at Jerusalem, with a very great train, [and] camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones : and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that 2 was in her heart. And Solomon told her all her questions : [and] there was not any thing hid from Solomon which he told her not. 3 And when the queen of Sheba had seen . . the wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he 4 had built, and the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel ; and his cupbearers, [and their apparel ;] and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the Lord ; there was no more spirit 5 in her. And she said to the king. It was a true report that I heard in mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom. 6 HowbeitI believed not theirwords, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it : and, behold, the half [of the greatness of thy wisdom] was not told me : [thoii] exceedest 7 the fame that I heard. Happy are thy men, [and] happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and hear 8 thy wisdom. Blessed be the Lord thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee on his throne, . . . . . [to be king t'»v the Lord thy God :] because tinj God loved Israel, [to establish them] for ever, therefore made he thee king [over them], to do judgement and 9 justice. And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and . . spices [in] . . great abundance, and precious stones : neither ivas there any such .... . . S2nce as the DEUTEROGR APHS . 63 A. 1 Kings 10. (Conthiued.) queen of Shebu gave to king Solomon. 11 And the war//" also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir, brought [in from Ophir grctt plenty of ] ahnnf/trevHiind precious 12 stones. And the king made of the abnug trees jiillais '' for the house of the Lord, and for the king's house, . . harps [also] and psalteries for the singers : . there came no such [almug trees, nor were] seen, unto this 13 day. And king Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, be- side that which Solotnon gave her of ?iis roijal hounty. So she turned '^, and went to her own land, she and her servants. B. 2 Chron. 9. {Continued.) queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon. 10 And the servants also of Huram, [and the servants of Solomon,] 7i)hich brought gold from Ophir, brought . . . ahjum trees and pi'ecious 11 stones. And the king made of the dlgum trees terraces for thr house of the Lord, and for the king's house, [and] harps . . . and psalteries for the singers : [and] there ivere none such . . . seen before in the land 12 of Judah. And king Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, be- side that which she had brought unto the king. So she turned, and went to her own land, she and her servants. (§ 25.) A. 1 Kings 10. (Continuous.) 14 Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred . . threescore and 15 six talents of gold, beside . . . . . the chapmen and [the traffic of the] merchants, . . . and all the kings of the mingled people ", and the governors of the country. 16 . . . . And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold : six hundred of . gold went to one target. 17 And three hundred shields of B. 2 Chron. 9. (Continuous.) 13 Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred ^and] threescore and 14 six talents of gold ; beside [that which] the chapmen and . . . . . . merchants [brought] : and all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the country [brought gold and silver to 15 Solomon]. And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold : six hundred of [beaten] gold went to one target. 16 And three hundred shields of § 24. — " A. '•JX. B. ''l^y (see above). The change from almug to algum is one of euphony. ** A. lyOD. B. ni^DD. Probably a var. lect. The LXX retains both texts. <" A. jani- B. lanni. § 25.—" A. nnyn. b. nny. 64 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 1 Kings 10. {Continued.) beaten gold ; three pound ^ of gold went to one shield : and the king put them in the house of tlie 18 forest of Lebanon. Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it vyith the 19 finest'^ gold. . . . There v^^ere six steps to the throne, and the top of the throne was round behind : and [there were] stays on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions 20 standing beside the stays. And twelve lions'' stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps : there was not the 21 like made in any kingdom. And all king Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold : [none were of] silver ; it was nothing accounted of in the days 22 of Solomon. For the king had [at sea] a navy ® ... of Tarshish with the navy^ of Hiram : once every three years came the navy ® of Tarshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and 23 peacocks. So king Solomon ex- ceeded all the kings of the earth 24 in riches and [in] wisdom. And all the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God 25 had pvit in his heart. And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, [and] armour, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year. B. 2 Chron. 9. {Continued.) beaten gold ; three hundred of gold went to one shield : and the king put them in the house of the 17 forest of Lebanon. Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with 18 pure gold. [And] there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, lohich were fastened to the throne, and stays on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions 19 standing beside the stays. And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps : there was not the 20 like made in any kingdom. And all king Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold : silver was nothing accounted of in the days 21 of Solomon. For the king had . . . . ships [that went] to Tarshish with the servants of Huram : once every three years came the ships of Tarshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and 22 peacocks. So king Solomon ex- ceeded all the kings of the earth 23 in riches and . . wisdom. And all [the kings of] the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God 24 had put in his heart. And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, . . armour, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year *. * The text runs on thus (the extract on the next page being taken from 25 an earlier chapter) :— 'And Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, which he bestowed in the 26 chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. And he ruled over all the kings from the River even unto the land of the Philistines, and to ^ A. W2^- B. niNC The LXX retains our texts. The maneh or pound is also mentioned in Ezra, Neb. and Ezek. "^ A. ]Si)t2. B. "HDD. The form used by A. is here only ; but f D (fine gold) is found in Job, Ps., &c. d A. D"'^">N (masc). B. riT'lN (fern.). No rule can be given for the gender. B.'s ' stood ' is masc. ® A. ""JN . B. nVJN. See § 23. A.'s form is confined to Kings and Isa. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 65 A. 1 Kings 10. {Continued.) 26 And Solomon gathered [together] chariots and liorsenn-n : and lie had a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, which he bestowed in the cliariot cities, and with the 27 king at Jerusalem. And the king made silver ... to be in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars made he to be as the sycomore trees that are in the 28 lowland, for abundance. And the horses which Solomon had were brought out of Egypt ; [and] the king's merchants received them in droves, each drove at a 29 price. And a chariot came up and went out of Egj'pt for six hundred of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty : and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and [for] the kings of Syria, did they bring them out by their means. B. 2 Chron. (2 Chron. 1. 14-17.) 14 15 And Solomon gathered . . . chariots and horsemen : and he had a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, w'hich he j^^'^i^ed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. And the king made silver [and gold] to be in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars made he to be as the sycomore trees that are in the 16 lowland, for abundance. And the horses which Solomon had were brought out of Egypt ; . the king's merchants received them in droves, each drove at a 17 price. And therj fetched up, and brought out of Egypt a chariot for six hundred of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty : and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and . . the kings of Syria, did they bring them out by their means. 27 the border of Egypt. And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars made he to be as the sycomore trees that are in the 28 lowland, for abundance. And they brought horses for Solomon out of Egypt, and out of all lands.' (§ 26.) A. 1 Kings 11. (Solomon's heathen wives ; Hadad, Rezon and Jeroboam stirred up against him.) 41 Now the rest " of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did and his wisdom, are they not written in B. 2 Chron. 9. (Continuous from note above.) 29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, Jirst and last, are they not written in § 26. — " A. "in"*. B. "lN{J>. In other cases where the formula occurs B. agrees ■with A. B. tells lis that while Samuel, Nathan and Gad contributed the materials for David's history (i Chron. 29. 29), Nathan, Ahijah and Iddo did the same for Solomon. A. does not mention his materials in the case of David, but we are led by these passages to believe that A.'s work is based on the memoirs of contemporary prophets, the substance of which, if not the words, he has conserved. F 66 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 1 Kings 11, 12. (Continued.) the hook of the acts of Solomon ? 42 And [the time that] Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all 43 Israel [was] forty years. And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead, 12 And Rehoboam went to Shechem : for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him 2 king. And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it, for he was [yet] in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of king Solomon, that Jeroboam dwelt ^ in 3 Egypt, and they sent and called him ; that Jeroboam and all [the congregation of] Israel came, and spake to Rehoboam, saying, 4 Thy father made our yoke grievous : now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we 5 will serve thee. And he said unto them, [Depart yet] for three days, then come again to me. 6 And the people departed. And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return 7 answer to this people ? And they spake unto him, saying. If thou wilt be a strvant to this people [this day], and serrc them, [and answer them,] and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever. 8 But lie forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given him, and took counsel with the young men that were grown up with him, that stood before 9 him. And he said unto them, B. 2 Chron. 9, 10. (Continued.) the history of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of Ah ijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer concerning Jeroboam the son of Nebat ? 30 And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all 31 Israel . . forty years. And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father : and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead. 10 And Rehoboam went to Shechem : for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him 2 king. And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it, for he was . . in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of king Solomon, that Jeroboam returned out of 3 Egypt. And they sent and called him ; and Jeroboam and all . . Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying, 4 Thy father made our yoke grievous : now therefore make thou the grievous sei'vice of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we 5 will serve thee. And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. 6 And the people departed. And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying. What counsel give ye me to return 7 answer to this people ? And they spake unto him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, . . . and please them, . and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever. 8 But he forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given hini, and took counsel with the young men that Avere grown up with him, that stood before 9 him. And he said unto them, •> The only change (apart from punctuation) is A. □''"1VD3 • LXX foUows B. B. DniXO. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 67 A. 1 Kings 12. {Continued.) What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter? TO And the young men that wei'e grown up with hiin spake unto him, saying, Thus shall thou say unto this people that spake unto thee, saying. Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us ; thus shalt thou sj'^ak unto them, My little finger is thiclier than my father's 11 loins. And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke : my father chastised you with whips, but I [will chastise you] 12 with scorpions. So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king bade, saying. Come to me 13 again the third day. And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the counsel of the old men [which they had given him] ; 14 and spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying. My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke : my father chastised you with whips, but I [will chastise you] with 15 scorpions. So the king hearkened not unto the people ; for it was brought about ^ of the Loup, that he might establish his word, which the Loud spake by the hand of AJiijah the Shilonite to Jero- 16 boam the son of Nebat. And when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not mito them, the peojjle answered the king, saying. What portion liave we in David <'? neither have we inheri- tance in the son of Jesse : . . . . . . to your tents, O Israel : now see to thine own house, David. So . . Israel departed B. 2 Chron. 10. {Continued. ) What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter? 10 And the young men that were grown up witii him spake unto him, saying. Thus shalt thou say unto tlie people that spake unto thee, saying. Thy father made our yoke heavj^, but make thou it lighter unto lis ; thus shalt thou Karj unto them. My little finger is thicker than my fathers 11 loins. And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke : my father chastised you with whiles, but I 12 with scorpions. So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king bade, saying. Come to me 13 again the third day. And the king answered them roughly ; and [king Rehoboam] forsook the counsel of the old men, 14 and spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto : my father chastised you witli whips, but I with 15 scorpions. So the king hearkened not unto the people ; for it was l)rought about of God, that ^//eioi.'D might establish his word, whicli he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jero- 16 boam the son of Nebat. And when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David ? neither have we inheri- tance in the son of Jesse : [every man] to your tents, Israel : now see to thine own house, David. So [all] Israel departed "^ A. n3D. B. n^DJ. Neither form occurs elsewhere. <' B. here spells David nn (as A. always does) instead of 'Vy\ . It is probably an accident. In the latter part of the verse we find the usual 1""^. F 2 68 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 12. (Continued.) 17 unto their tents. But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Kehoboam 18 reigned over them. Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram^, who was over the levy ; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. And king Reho- boam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. 19 So Israel rebelled against the house of David, unto this day'. 20 [And it came to jiass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel : there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.] 21 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled [all] the house of Judah, and [the tribe of] Benjamin, an hundred and fom-score thousand chosen men, which were wai-riors, to fight against [the house of] Israel, to bring the kingdom ^ again to Rehoboam [the son of Solomon]. 22 But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying, 23 Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, [and to the rest of the 24 people,] saying, Tlius saith tlie Lord, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren [the children of Israel] : return every man to his house ; for this thing is of me. So they hearkened unto the word of the Lord, and returned and u-ent their way, accord- ing to the word of the Lord. B. 2 Chron. 10, 11. {Continued.) 17 unto their tents. But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam 18 reigned over them. Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram, who was over the levj' ; and the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. And king Reho- boam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. 19 So Israel rebelled against the house of David, unto this day. 11 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled . . the house of Judah and . . . . Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against .... Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam 2 But the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying, 3 Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all Israel in Judah and Benjaniin, 4 . . . saying. Thus saith the Lord, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren : . . return every man to his house ; for this thing is of me. So they hearkened unto the words of the Lord, and returned from going against Jeroboam. " A "X . B. "n . ' B. retains the phrase from his copy, though it was hardly suitable to his own time. It is really a note by the A compiler, written some time probably after the date of the contemporary materials ou which he bases his history. Compare the note above v. 15. s A.'s ilDv^^ ^^ not so common as B.'s HJ^DD, being chiefly in Sam. and Kings. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 69 (§ 27.) A. 1 Kings 14. (History of Jeroboam and Abijah, kings of Israel.) 21 [And Roliobonm the son of Solo- mon reigned in Jud:vh.] . . . 22 Rehoboani was forty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LoRn liad chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there : and liis mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess. [And Judah did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord ; and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they committed, above all that 23 their fathers had done. For they also built them high places, and pillars, and Asherim, on every high hill, and under every green 24 tree ; and there were also sodom- ites in the land : they did accord- ing to all the abominations of the nations which the Lord drave out before the children of Israel.] And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Relioboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem " : B. 2 Chron. 12. 25 (Rehoboam's cities and wives ; Le- vites and others resort to Jerusa- lem.) 12 13 [And king Rchoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem, and reigned. For] Rehoboam was forty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the Lord had chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there : and his mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess. 14 [And he did that which was evil, because he set not his heart to seek the Lord.] 1 [And it came to pass, when the kingdom of Rehoboam was estab- lished, and he was strong, that he forsook the law of the Lord, and all Israel with him.] 2 And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, [because they had trespassed against the Lord, 3 with twelve hundred chariots, and threescoi'e thousand horse- men : and the people were with- out number that came with him out of Egypt ; the Lubim, the 4 Sukkiim, and the Ethiopians. And he took the fenced cities which pei-tained to Judah, and came 5 unto Jerusalem. Now Shemaiah tlie prophet came to Rehoboam, and to the princes of Judah, that were gathered together to Jerusa- lem because of Shishak, and said unto them, Thus saith the Lord. Ye have forsaken me, therefore § 27. — Note. Some verses in B. are displaced. They are restored to their proper place here for the sake of comparison. " There has been apparently a copyist's omission from the text. DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 14. (^Continued.) 26 and he took away the treasures of the house of the Lokd, and the trea- sures of the king's house ; he [even] took away all : and he took away [all] the shields of gold which Solomon had made. 27 And king Rehoboam made in their stead shields of brass, and committed them to the hands of the captains of the guard, which kept the door of the king's house. 28 And it was so, that as oft as the king went into the house of the Lord, the guard .... bare them, and brought them back into the guard chamber. . 29 Now [the rest of] the acts of Rehoboam, and all Ihat he did, are they not written in the hook of the clironides of the cokings of Judah^>? Ajid B. 2 Chron. 12. (Continued.) have I also left you in the hand 6 of Shishak. Then the jjrinces of Israel and the king humbled themselves ; and they said, The 7 Lord is righteous. And when the Lord saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah, saying. They have humbled themselves ; I will not destroy them : but I will grant them some deliverance, and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of 8 Shishak. Nevertheless they shall be his servants ; that they may know my service, and the service of the kingdoms of the countries. 9 So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem,] and he took away the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the trea- sures of the king's house ; he . . . took away all : and he took away . . . the shields of gold which Solomon had made. 10 And king Rehoboam made in their stead shields of brass, and committed them to the hands of the captains of the guard, which kept the door of the king's house. 11 And it was so, that as oft as the king entered into the house of the Lord, the guard [came and] bare them, and brought them back 12 into the guard chamber. [And when he humbled himself, the wratli of the Lord turned from him, that he would not destroy him altogether : and moreover in Judah there were good things found.] 15 Now the acts of Rehoboam, frst and last, are they not written in the historiefs of Shemaiah the prophet and of Iddo the Seer concerning genealogies? And ^ The book of the chronicles of Judah would be of the nature of annals kept by the official scribes or remembrancers ; but A.'s work does not profess to be chronicles. It is a religious document, and it doubtless owes its materials to the contemporary prophets mentioned by B. A chain of prophetic writers is thus established from Samuel onwards, and we have no reason to doubt that the rest of A.'s history is based on the work of contemporary prophets, and that it DEUTEROGRAPHS. 71 A. 1 Kings 14. {Continued.) there teas war between Roho- boam find Jeroboam continually. 31 And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried [with his fathers] in the city of David : [and his mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess.] And Ahijam his son reigned in his stead. B. 2 Chron. 12. {Continued.') there icere tears between Reho- boam and Jeroboam continually. 16 And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried . . . . in the city of David : and Ahijah his son reigned in his stead. (§ 28.) A. 1 Kings 15. (Continuous.) [Now] in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam [the son of Nebat] began Abijarn to reign over 2 Judah. Three years reigned he in Jerusalem : and liis mother's name was Maacah"- the daughter 3 of Ahishalom. [And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him : and his heart was not perfect with the Lord his God, as the heart of 4 David his father. Nevertheless for David's sake did the Lord his God give him a lamp in Jerusa- lem, to set up his son after him, 5 and to establish Jerusalem : be- cause David did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, and turned not aside from anything that he commanded him all the B. 2 Chron. 13. (Contiauous.) . . . In the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam . . began Ahijah to reign over 2 Judah. Three years reigned he in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Micaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah may practically be taken as theii- work. Note also that a genealogical treatise was prepared by Shemaiah. The R.V. rendering, 'after the manner of genealogies,' is hardly correct. § 28. — " Maacah was Abijam's mother and Absalom's daughter, not only accord- ing to A., but definitely according to 2 Chron. 11. 18-22. B.'s statement in the present text may have crept in through the substitution of Micaiah for Maacah. The matter is further complicated by the statement of A. (§ 29) that this same Maacah was Asa's mother, in which B. concurs. There were probably two Maacah's. So LXX. Josephus {A7it. 8. 10, i) says that Maacah was Rehoboam's second wife, and was daughter of Absalom by Tamar. DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 15. (Continued.) days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite. 6 Now there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of his life '' :] 7 And the rest of the acts of Abijam, and all that he did, are [they not] written in the book of the chronicles'^ of the kings ofJudah ? [And there was war between 8 Abijam and Jeroboam.] And Abijam slept with his fathers ; and they buried him in the city of David : and Asa his son reigned in his stead B. 2 Chron. 13, 14. {Co7i(inued.) And there was war between AV)ijah and Jeroboam. (An account of the war follows, with the defeat and death of Jeroboam.) 21 [But Abijah waxed mighty, and took unto himself fourteen wives, and begat twenty and two sons, and sixteen daughters.] 22 And the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ivays, and his sayings, are . . . written in the com- mentanj of Ihe prophet Iddo. 14 So Abijah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David, and Asa his son i-eigned in his stead : [in his days the land was quiet ten years.] (§ 29.) A. 1 Kings 15. (Continuous.) 9 [And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Asa 10 to reign over Judah. And forty and one years reigned he in Jeru- salem : and his mother's name was Maacah the daughter of 11 Abishalom.] And Asa did that which was right in the eyes of the Lokd, .... 12 [as did David his father.] And he 2^ut away the [sodomites out of the land, and removed all the B. 2 Chron. 14. (Continuous.) 2 And Asa did that which was [good and] right in the eyes of the Lord [his God] : 3 for ho took away the : '' An accidental repetition from chap. 14. 30. There is also a misplacement in A. just below. <" Whilst A. refers to the secular annals for further information, B. refers to A. or to A.'s materials, which he designates as the midrash of Iddo. The word midrash occurs only here and in chap. 2-1. 27. It means ' research ' or ' history ' rather than commentary in the modern sense. DEUTEROGRAPHS. n A. 1 Kings 15. (CowWwMed.) idols that his fathers had made.] 13 And also Maacah Ms mother he removed from being queen, because she had made an abominable image for an Asherah ; and Asa cut down her image, and burnt it at the 14 brook Kidron. But the high places were not taken away : . . . . . nevertheless the heart of Asa was perfect [with the 15 Lord] all his days. And he brought into the house of the Loiw the things that his father had dedicated, and that he him- self had dedicated, silver, and 16 gold, and vessels. And there was . . war ^ between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. B. 2 Chron. 14, 15. (Co7itinued.) [strange altars, and the high places, and brake down the pillars, and hewed down the 4 Asherim ; and commanded Judah to seek the Lord, the God of their fathers, and to do the law and 5 the commandment. Also he took away out of all the cities of Judah the high places and the sun- images'^: and the kingdom was quiet before him.] (The war with Zerah follows ; with the prophecy of Oded and the reformation which ensued.) 15 16 And also Maacah the mother [of Asa the king], he removed [her] from being queen, because she had made an abominable image for an Asherah ; and Asa cut down her image, [and made dust of it,] and burnt it at the 17 brook Kidron. But the high places were not taken away [out of Israel] : nevertheless the heart of Asa was perfect 18 . . . .all his days. And he brought into the house of God the things that his father had dedicated, and that he him- self had dedicated, silver, and 19 gold, and vessels. And there was [no] war unto the five and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa. (§ 30.) A. 1 Kings 15. (Continuous.) 17 [And] Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and built Ramali, that he B. 2 Chron, 16. (Continuous.) 16 . . [In the six and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa,] Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and built Ramah, that he § 29. — ^ These objects are referred to in Lev. 26. 30 ; also in Isa. and Ezek. b B. here deliberately modifies the text in accordance with the sequel. Probably A.'s idiom was the natural one in his day. 74 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 1 Kings 15. {Continued.) might not suffer any to go out or come in to Asa king of Judah. 1 8 Then Asa took all the silver and [the ] gold that were left in the treasures of the house of the Lord, and [the treasures] of the king's house, and [delivered them into the hand of his servants ; and king Asa] sent [them] to Ben-hadad, [the son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion], king of Syria, that dwelt 19 at Damascus", saying, There is a league between me and thee, . . between my father and thy father : behold, I have sent [unto] thee [a present of] silver and gold ; go, break thy league with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart 20 from me. And Ben-hadad heark- ened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and . . smote Ijon, and Dan, and Ahel-beth- maacah, and all Chinneroth^, [with •21 all the land] of Naphtali. And it came to pass, when Baa- sha heard thereof, that he left off building of Ramah, and dwelt <^ 22 in Tirsah. Then king Asa [made a proclamation unto] . . all Judah ; [none was exempted :] and they carried away the stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha had builded ; and king Asa built therewith Geba [of Benjamin], and Mizpah. B. 2 Chron, 16. {Continued.) might not suffer any to go out or come in to Asa king of Judah. 2 Then Asa brought out silver and . . gold out of the treasures of the house of the Lord, and . . . of the king's house, and . . . sent ... to Ben-hadad . . . . king of Syria, that dwelt 3 at Damascus, saying, There is a league between me aiad thee, [as] between my father and thj' father : behold, I have sent . . thee .... silver and gold ; go, break thy league with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart 4 from me. And Ben-hadad heark- ened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and [they] smote Ijon, and Dan, and Ahel-maim, and all the store - cities . . . 5 of Naphtali. And it came to pass, when Baa- sha heard thereof, that he left off building of Ramah, and let his 6 work cease. Then Asa the king . . [took] all Judah ; and they carried away the stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha had builded ; and he built therewith Geba and Mizpah. 7 [And at that time Hanani the seer came to Asa king of Judah, and said unto him, Be- cause thou hast relied '' on the king of Syria, and hast not relied on the Lord thy God, therefore is the host of the king of Syria 8 escaped out of thine hand. Were not the Ethiopians and the Lubim a huge host, with chariots and horsemen exceeding many ? yet, because thou didst rely on the Lord, ho delivered them into 9 thine hand. For the eyes of the § 30.—" A. pt»>Dn. B. pK^JDin freq. b With ' Chinneroth ' (ni"l33), compare B. ' store-cities ' (ni33DO, but LXX does not favour the idea of a var. lect. "^ A. 3ti'''V B. nilti'M. The one reading may have grown out of the other. '• The word |j;tJ> (rely) is only used in Chron. DEUTEROGRAPHS. n A. 1 Kings 15. 23 Noio the [rest of all the] iuts of Asa, .... . . . [and ;ill his might, and all that ho did, and the cities which he built] are they not written in the book [of the chronicles] of the kings of Judah ^ ? . . . But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet 24 . . . . And Asa slept with his fathers, and icas buried . [with his fathers] in the city of David [his father] : And .Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead B. 2 Chron. 16, 17. {Continued!) Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to shew himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect toward him. Heroin thou hast done foolishly ; for from henceforth 10 thou slialt have wars. Then Asa was wroth with the seer, and put him in the prison house ; for he was in a rage with him because of this thing. And Asa oppressed some of the jjoople the same time.] 11 And, [behold,] the . . . acts of Asa, [first and last,] . . . lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah [and Israel]. 12 And in the thirty and ninth year of his reign Asa was diseased in his feet ; [his disease was exceeding great : yet in his disease he sought not to the Lord, but to the phy- 13 sicians.] And Asa slept with his fathers, [and died in the one and 14 fortieth year of his reign.] And they buried him [in his own sepul- chres, which he had hewn out for himself] in the city of i)avid, [and laid him in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds ^ prepared by the apothecaries' art : and they made a very great burning for him.] 17 And Jehoshaphat hisson reigned in his stead [and sti'ongthened himself against Israel]. ® The secidar annals of the two kingdoms would not be compiled in one volume. A. refers to the secular annals of Judah ; B. refers to the sacred annals of the two kingdoms, in other words, to A. or its original materials, which probably stand very much as they did when they left the hands of the prophetic writers, f ||, only here and Ps. 144. 13 and in the Chald. of Dan. 2. 5, &c. The ' burning' below was not cremation nor incense, but was of the nature of a bonfire. Compare chap. 21. 19. 76 DEUTEROGRAPHS. (§ 31.) A. 1 Kings 22. (Reigns of Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, and Ahab, Kings of Israel; with the history of Elijah.) [And they continued three years without war between Syria 2 and Israel. And it came to pass in the third year, that Jehosha- phat the king of Judah came 3 down to the king of Israel. And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Kamoth- gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria ?] 4 And lit said unto Jehoshaphat, Wilt thou go with me [to battle] to Eamoth-gilead ? And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, I am as thou art, . . . my peojile as thy people, [my horses as thy horses.] 5 And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Inquire, I pray thee, at the word of the Lord to-day. 6 Then the king of Israel gathered the prophets together, [about] four hundred men, and said unto them, Sliall / go against Ramoth- gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up ; for the Lord'^ shall deliver it into the 7 hand of the king. But Jehosha- phat said, Is there not here besides a j^rophet of the Lord, that we might inquire of him ? 8 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man by whom we may inquire of the Lord, . . . Mieaiah the son oilmWi ^ : but I hate him ; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil. And Jehoshaphat said. Let not the 9 king say so. Then the king of Israel called an officer, and said, Fetch quickly Mieaiah the son of Iwlah. 10 Now the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah B. 2 Chron. 18. (Jehoshaphat's reformation and greatness.) [Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance ; and he 2 joined affinity with Ahab. And after certain years he went down to Ahab to Samaria. And Ahab killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the j^eople that were with him, and moved him to go up to Ramoth-gilead.] 3 And Ahah [king of Israel] said unto Jelioshaphat [king of Judah], Wilt thou go with me ... to Ramoth - gilead ? And he an- swered him, I am as thou art, [and] my people as thy people ; 4 [and with thee in the war.] And Jehoshaijhat said unto the king of Isi'ael, Inquire, I pray thee, at the word of the Lord to-day. 5 Then the king of Israel gathered the proj^hcts together, .... four hundred men, and said unto them. Shall we go to Ramoth- gilead to battle, or shall I forbear ? And they said. Go up ; for God shall deliver it into the 6 hand of the king. But Jehosha- phat said. Is there not here besides a prophet of the Lord, that we might inquire of him ? 7 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, Thei-e is yet one man by whom we may inquire of the Lord : but I hate him ; for he never in'ophesiefh good concerning me, but [always] evil : [the same is] Mieaiah the son of Inda. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the 8 king say so. Then the king of Israel called an officer, and said, Fetch quickly Mieaiah the son of Imla. 9 Now the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah § 31. — "■ lb is remarkable that we have here '»J*1X for nin\ '' Here and elsewhere B. suljstitutes K for the final H. ' Evil' is J?"l in A., but JJIp in B. both here and below. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 77 A. 1 Kings 22. {OmUmied.) sat each on his throne, arrayed in their robes, in an open place at the entrance of the gate of Samaria ; and all the prophets prophesied be- ll fore them. And Zedekiah« the son of Chenaanali made him horns of iron, and said. Thus saith the Lord, With these shalt thoii push the Syrians, until 12 they be consumed. And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to Ramoth-gilead, and prosper : for the Lord sliall de- liver it into the hand of (he king. 13 And tlie messenger that went to call Micaiah spake to him, saying, Behold [now], the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one mouth : let thy word, I pray thee, be like [the word of] one of Owdi, and 14 speak thou good. And Micaiah said. As the Lord liveth, what the Lord saith [unto me], that 15 will I speak. And when he was come to the king, the king said unto him, Micaiah, shall we go to Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall we forbear ? And he answered him. Go . . up o, and prosper ; and the Lord shall deliver' it inlo the hand 16 of the king. And the king said to him. How many times shall I adjure thee that thou speak unto me nothing but the truth in the 17 name of the Lord ? And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd : and the Lord said, These have no master ; let them return every man to his house in 18 peace. And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee that he would not pro- phesy good concerning me, but evil ? 19 And he said. Therefore hear thou the word of the Lord : I saw B. 2 Chron. 18. (_Conti7iued.) sat each on his throne, arrayed in their robes, [and they sat] in an open place at the entrance of the gate of Samaria ; and all the prophets prophesied be- 10 fore them. And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanali made him horns of iron, and said. Thus saith the Lord, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until 11 they be consumed. And all the prophets prophesied so, saying. Go up to Ramoth-gilead, and prosper : for the Lord shall de- liver it into the hand of the king. 12 And the messenger that went to call Micaiah spake to him, saying, Behold, . . the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one mouth : let thy word [thei-efore], I pray thee, be like one of theirs, and 13 speak thou good. And Micaiah said, As the Lord liveth, what m.y God saith, that 14 will I speak. And when he was come to the king, the king said unto him, Micah ^, shall we go to Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear ? And he said, Gro [ye] up, and prosper ; and they shall be delivered into your 15 hand. And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou speak unto me nothing but the truth in the 16 name of the Lord ? And he said, I saw all Israel scattered ujDon the movmtains, as sheep that have no shepherd : and the Lord said, These have no master ; let them return every man to his house in 17 peace. And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee that he would not pro- phesy good concerning me, but evil? 18 And he said. Therefore hear ye the word of the Lord : I saw c B. gives the fuller termination to the name (-jaliu for -jah). '' It is important to keep the shortened form, ' Micah.' It must have been deliberately used, and it illustrates the tendency to contract proper names when used familiarly. " A. sing. B. plural. 78 DEUTEROGEAPHS. A. 1 Kings 22. (^Continued.) the Lord sitting on his throne, and all the host of lieaven stand- ing [by him] on his right hand 20 and on his left. And tlie Lord said, Who sliall entice Ahab, that lie may go lip and fall at Ramoth-gilead ? And one spake . . . on^ this manner ; and another spake on 21 that manner. And thei-e came forth a spirit, and stood before the Lord, and said, I will entice him. 22 And the Lord said unto him. Wherewith ? And he said, I will go forth, and will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt entice him, and shalt prevail also : go 23 forth, and do so. Now therefore, behold, the Lord hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of [all] these thy projihets ; and the Lord hath spoken evil concerning thee. 24 Then Zedekiah the son of Che- naanah came near, and smote Micaiah on the cheek, and said. Which way went the spirit of the Lord from me to speak unto thee? 25 And Micaiah said. Behold, thou shalt see on that day, when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to 26 hide thyself. And the king of Israel said, Take^ . . Micaiah, and carry him back unto Amon the governor of the city, and to 27 Joash the king's son ; and say. Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him. with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I come in 28 peace. And Micaiah said. If thou retin-n at all in peace, the Lord hath not spoken by me. And he said, Hear, ye peoples, all of you. 29 So the king of Israel and Je- hoshaphat the king of Judah 30 went up to Ramoth-gilead. And the king of Israel said unto Je- lioshaphat, I will disguise myself, and go into the battle ; but put thou on thy robes. And the king B. 2 Chron. 18. {ConthiKed.) the Lord sitting on his throne, and all the host of henven stand- ing . . . . on his right hand 19 and on his left. And the Lord said. Who shall entice Ahab [king of Isi'ael], that he may go up and fall at Ramoth-gilead ? And one sjiake [saying] offer this manner, and another spake after 20 that manner. And there came forth a spirit, and stood before the Lord, and said, I will entice him. And the Lord said unto him, 21 Wherewith? And he said, I will go forth, and will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said. Thou shalt entice him, and shalt prevail also : go 22 forth, and do so. Now therefore, behold, the Lord hath jjut a lying spirit in the mouth of . . these thy prophets ; and the Lord hath spoken evil concerning thee. 23 Then Zedekiah the son of Che- naanah came near, and smote Micaiah upon the cheek, and said, Which way went the spirit of the Lord from me to speak unto thee ? 24 And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see on that day, when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to 25 hide thyself. And the king of Israel said, Take [ye] Micaiah, and carry him back unto Amon the governor of the city, and to 26 Joash the king's son ; and say. Thus saith the king. Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I return in 27 peace. And Micaiah said. If thou return at all in peace-, the Lord hath not spoken by me. And he said. Hear, ye jieoples, all of you. 28 So the king of Israel and Je- hoshaphat the king of Judah 29 went up to Ramoth-gilead. And the king of Israel said unto Je- hoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and go into the battle ; but put thou on thy robes. So the king ' B. substitutes J for 3. e A. sing., B plural, as above. DEUTEEOGEAPHS. 79 31 A. 1 Kings 22. {Continued.) of Israel disguised himself, and . . went into the battle. Now the king of Syria had commanded the [thirty and two] captains of his chariots, saying, Fight neither with small nor great, save only 32 witli the king of Israel. And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw .Tehoshaphat, that they said, [Surely] it is the king of Israel ; and they turned aside ^^ to fight against him: and Jehoshaphat cried out 33 And it came to pass, when the cajitains of the chariots saw that it was not the king of Israel, that they turned back from pursuing him. 34 And a certain man drew his bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: wherefore he said unto the driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host ; for I am sore 35 wounded. And the battle in- creased that day: and the king u-as staxjed t

riest. 10 And .... the priest de- livered to the captains over hun- dreds the spears and shields that had been king David's, which were in the house 11 of the LoPlD. And the guard stood, every man with his iveapons'^ m his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, along by the altar and the house, by tlie king round about. 12 Then he brought out the king's son, and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony ; and they made him king, and anointed him ; and they [clapped their hands, and] said, God save the king. 13 And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard the people ^, . . she came to the people into the house of the 14 Lord : and she looked, and, be- hold, the king stood by tlte pillar, as the manner was ^, and the captains and the trumpets by the king ; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets. Then B. 2 Chron. 23. {Continued.) 7 And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand ; and whosoever cometh into the house, let him be slain : and bo ye with the king when he cometh in, and 8 when he goeth out. So the Levites and cdl Judnlt did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded : and they took every man his men, those that were to come in on the sabbath, with those that were to go out on the sabbath ; for .Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses. 9 And [Jehoiada] tlie priest de- livered to the caj^tains of hun- dreds the spears, [and bucklers,] and shields, that had been king David's, which were in the house 10 of God. And he set uU the people, every man with his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, along by the altar and the house, by the king round about. 11 Then they brought out the king's son, and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony, and they made him king : and [Jehoiada and his sons] anointed him ; and they said, God save the king. 12 And when Athaliah heard the noise of the iKople running [and praising the king], she came to the people into the house of the 13 Lord : and she looked, and, be- hold, the king stood by liis pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpets by the king ; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with tnnnpets; [the singers also played on instruments of music, and led the singing of praise.] Then •^ B. gives a more general rendering, but retains the technical expression below, verse 14. ^ A. V^^- B. inpK'. A possible misreading, btit probably a substi- tution of a more definite word for a missile. The word flH J? (testimony) below is usvially applied to the tables of the law contained in the ark. See Deut. 17. 18, " A. nyn p^f-in. b. D'^^nn nyn. f a. 1225^03. b. s*urD2. one reading may easily have grown oiit of the other ; but the LXX retains our texts. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 87 A. 2 Kings 11. (Continued.) Athaliah rent her clothes, ami a-ied, Treason, treason. 15 And Jehoiada the priest com- manded^ t\w captains of hundreds that were set over tin; host, and Hai death : . . according to that which is written in the hook of tlie law of Moses ", as the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not he put to death for the children ; nor shall the children he x>ut to death for the fathers ; but every man shall die for his own sin. B. 2 Chron. 25. {Continued.) 3 Now it came to pass, when the kingdom was established unto him, that he slew his servants which had kWed the king his 4 fother. But he put not their children to death, [but did] accoi'dingto that which is written in the lain in the hook of Moses, as the Lord commanded, saying, The fathers shall not die for the children, nor shall the children die for the fathers ; but every man shall die for his own sin. 5 [Moreover Amaziah gathered Judah together, and ordered them according to their fathers' houses, under captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, even all Judah and Benjamin : and he numbered them from twenty years old and upward, and found them thrte hundred thousand chosen men, able to go forth to war, that could handle spear and 6 shield. He hired also an hun- dred thousand mighty men of valour out of Israel for an hun- 7 dred talents of silver. But there came a man of God to him saying, king, let not the army of Israel go with thee ; for the Lord is not with Israel, to wit, with all the y children of Ephraim. But if thou wilt go, do valiantly, be strong for the battle : God shall cast thee down before the enemy ; for God hath power to help, and to cast i) down. And Amnziah said to the man of God, But what shall we do for the hundred talents which 1 have given to the army of Israel ? And the man of God an- swered. The Lord is able to give 10 thee much more than this. Then Amaziah separated them, to wit, the army that was come to him out of Ephraim, to go home again : wherefore their anger was greatly b A. n''3, B. V^]!. passage is quoted. A. agrees with Dcut. 24. i6, from wliich the DEUTEROGRAPHS. 93 A. 2 Kings 14. {Continued.) 7 He slew of Edoin in the Valley of Salt ten thou- sand, [and took Sola •' by war, and called the name of it Joktheel, unto this day.] 8 Then Amaziah sent [messengers] to Jihous'i, the son of Jehoahaz . . . son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, Come, let us look one 9 another in the face. And Jelioash B. 2 Chron. 25. {Continued.) kindled against Judah, and they returned home in fierce anger.] 11 [And Amaziah took coui-age, and led forth his i^eople,] and went to the Valley of Salt, and smote of the children of Seir ten thou- sand 12 [And other ten thousand did the children of Judah carry away alive, and brought them unto the top of the rock, and cast them down from the top of the rock, that they all 13 were broken in pieces. But the men of the army which Amaziah sent back, that they should not go with him to battle, fell upon the cities of Judah, fi'om Samaria even unto Beth-horon, and smote of them three thousand, and took much spoil. 14 Now it came to pass, after that Amaziah was come from the slaughter of the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the children of Seir, and set them up to be his gods, and bowed down himself before them, and burned incense 15 unto them. Wherefore the anger of the Lord was kindled against Amaziah, and he sent unto him a prophet, which said unto him. Why hast thou sought after the gods of the people, which have not delivered their own people 16 out of thine hand ? And it came to pass, as he talked with him, that the king said unto him. Have we made thee of the king's coun- sel ? forbear ; why shouldest thou be smitten ? Then the prophet forbare, and said, I know that God hath determined to destroy thee, because thou hast done this, and hast not hearkened unto my counsel.] 17 Then Amaziah [king of Judah took advice, and] sent .... to Joash, the son of Jehoahaz [the] son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying. Come, let us look one 18 another in the face. And Joash '^ A. ''J3. B. N^J. Sola (now Tetra) is ' the Eock ' referred to ly B. 94 DEUTEKOGKAPHS. A. 2 Kings 14. {Continued.) [the] king of Israel sent to Ania- ziah king of Judali, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife : and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. 10 Thou hast indeed^ smitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted thee up : . . [glory thei-eof, and] abide . . at home ; [for] why shouldest thou meddle to thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with thee ? 11 But Amaziah would not hear. So Jehoash king of Israel went up ; and he and Amaziah. king of Judah looked one another in the face at Beth- shemesh, which belongeth to Judah. 12 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel ; and they fled 13 every man to his tent. And Jehoash king of Israel took Ama- ziah king of Judah, the son of Jehoash the son of Ahaziah, at Beth - shemesh, and came to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of .Jerusalem in^ the gate of Ef)hraim unto the corner gate, 14 four hundred cubits. And [he took] all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that wei-e found in the house of the Lord, .... . . . and [in] the treasures of the king's house, the hostages also, and returned to Samaria. (Death of Jehoash, king of Israel.) 17 And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz 18 king of Israel fifteen years. Now B. 2 Chron. 25. {Continued.) . . king of Israel sent to Ama- ziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife : and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. 19 [Thou sayest,] Lo, thou hast smitten Edom ; and thine heart lifietli, thee up [to glory]: abide [now] at home ; . . why shouldest thou meddle to thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with thee ? 20 But Amaziah would not hear ; [for it was of God, that he might deliver them into the hand, be- cause they had sought after the 21 gods of Edom.] So Joash king of Israel went up ; and he and Amaziah king of Judah looked one another in the face at Beth- shemesh, which belongeth to Judah. 22 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel ; and they fled 23 every nian to his tent. And Joash king of Israel took Ama- ziah king of Judah, the son of Joash the son of Jehoahas^, at Beth-shemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ef)hraim unto the corner gate, 24 four hundred cubits. And . . . . all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of God [with Obed- edom], and . . the treasures of the king's house, the hostages also, and returned to Samaria. 25 And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death of Joasli son of Jehoahaz 26 king of Israel fifteen years. Now ® A. n^n. B. njn. ' B. gives an inversion of the two portions of the name. Such changes as these must be borne in mind when we seek to identify the names of the Hebrew kings which are found in the Assyrian inscriptions. ^ A. 3 • B. f* . DEUTEROGRAPHS. 95 A. 2 Kings 14. {Continued.) the rest of tlie acts of Amaziah, are they not written in the book of [tlie chronicles of] tlic kings of Judah''? l;) .... And they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusa- lem ; and he fled to Lachisli : but they sent after him to Lachish, 20 and slew him there. And they brought him upon horses : and lie was buried [at Jerusalem] with his fathers in the city of David \ 21 And all the people of Judali took Azariah^, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah. 22 He built Elath, and restored it to Judah, after that the king slept with his fathers. B. 2 Chron. 25, 26. (Continued.) the rest of the acts of Amaziah, [first and last, behold,] arc they not written in the book of . . the kings of Judah 27 [and Israel] ? Now [from tlie time that Amaziah did turn away from following the Lord] they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusa- lem ; and he fled to Lachish : but they sent after him to Lachish, 28 and slew him there. And they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah. 26 And all the peojile of Judah took UssiaJi, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah. 2 He built Eloih, and restored it to Judah, after that the king slept with his fathers. (§ 38.) A. 2 Kings 15. (Reign of Jeroboam II, king of Israel.) [In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah son of Amaziah 2 king of -Judah to reign.] Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign ; and he reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Jem- 3 liah"' of Jerusalem. And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that his father Amaziah had done. 4 [Howbeit the high places were not taken away : the people still B. 2 Chron. 26. (Continuous.) 3 Sixteen years old was Usziah when he began to reign ; and he reigned fifty and two years in .Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Jechi- 4 liaJi of Jerusalem. And he did that which was right in the ej-es of the Lord, according to all that his fixther Amaziah had done. ^ A. has no additional matter, yet we know of no other book giving a combined history of Israel and Judah except A. This may originally have contained some matter which is now missing. i A. T^T. B. rmn\ LXX agrees with A. ^ LXX is in favour of Azariah. But compare chap. 15. 32, 34. § 38. — » Another reading of B. is Jecholiah. 96 DEUTEEOGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 15. (Continxed.) sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places.] 5 And the Lord smote . .the king. so tliat he was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house . . And Jotham the king's son was over the .... household, judging the people of the land. 6 Now the I'est of the acts of Asariah, [and all that he did,] are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah ^ ? B. 2 Chron. 28. [Continued.) (Details concerning Uzziah's greatness.) 16 [But when he was strong, his heart was lifted ixp so that he did corruptly, and ho trespassed against the Lord his God ; for he went into the temple of the Lord to burn incense upon the altar of 17 incense. And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him fourscore priests of the Lord, that 18 were valiant men : and they withstood Uzziah the king, and said unto him. It pertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incense unto the Lord, bvit to the priests the sons of Aaron, that are con- secrated to burn incense : go out of the sanctuary ; for thou hast trespassed ; neither shall it be for thine honour from the Lord God. 19 Then Uzziah was wroth ; and he had a censer in his hand to burn incense ; and while he was wroth with the priests, the leprosy brake forth in his forehead before the priests in the house of the Lord, beside the altar of incense. 20 And Azariah the chief priest, and all the priests, looked upon him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead, and they thrust him out quickly from thence ; yea, himself hasted also to go out, be- cause the Lord had smitten him.] 21 And [Uzziah] the king was a le2:)er vinto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house, [being a leper ; for he was cut off from the house of the Lord :] and Jotham his son was over the [king's! house, judg- ing the people of the land. 22 Now the I'est of the acts of Uzziah, [first and last,] did Isaiah the pro- pitet, the son of Amos, write. >' While A. refers to the secular annals, B. refers to the work of Isaiah which we possess in A. in a condensed form. DEUTEEOGRArHS. 97 A. 2 Kings 15. (Contmued.) 7 And Azariah slept with his fathers ; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David ; and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. B. 2 Chron. 26. {Continued.') 23 And XJsziah slept with his fa- thers ; and they buried him with his fathers in fhe field of burial which belonged to the kings ; [for thej'' said, He is a leper :] and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. (§ 39.) A. 2 Kings 15. (Reigns of Zechariah, Shallum, Mena- hem, Pekahiah, and Pekah, kings of Israel.) 32 [In the second year of Pekah the son of Remnliah king of Israel began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign.] 33 Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign ; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Jerusha " the daughter 34 of Zadok. And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, [he didl according to all that his 35 father Uzziah had done. Howbeit [the high places were not taken away : the peoijle still sacrificed and burned incense in the high places] He built the upper gate of the house of the LoKD B. 2 Chron. 27. (Continuous.) Jotham was twenty and five years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Jerushah the daughter 2 of Zadok. And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, . . according to all that his father Uzziah had done : howbeit . [he entered not into the temple of the Lord. And the 3 people did yet corruptly.] He built the upper gate of the house of the Lord, [and on the wall of 4 Oi^hel he l)uilt much. Moreover he built cities in the hill country of Judah, and in the forests he 5 built castles and towers. He fought also with the king of the children of Ammon, and i^re- vailed against them. And the children of Ammon gave him the same year an hundred talents of § .89. — " It is observable that Jerusha terminates with S instead of H, although the final S is iisually considered a mark of comiiarative lateness. H 98 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 15. {Continued.) 3t) Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, . . . . are they not wiutten in the book '^ of [the chronicles of] the kings of .... Judah? 37 [In those days the Lord began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah.] 38 And .Jotliam slept with his fathers, and ims buried [with his fathers] in the city of David [his father] : and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead. B. 2 Chron. 27. {Co)i(inued.) silver, and ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley. So much did the chil- dren of Ammon render unto him, in the second year also, and in 6 the third. So Jotham became mighty, because he ordered his ways before the Lord his God.] 7 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his icars, and his ways, [behold,] they are written in the book of the kings of [Israel and] Judah. 8 . . . [He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in 9 Jerusalem.] And Jotham slept with his fathers, and tlicy hitried him in the city of David : .... and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead. (§ 40.) A. 2 Kings 16. (Continuous.) [In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son of Jotham king of Judah 2 began to reign.] Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem : and he did not that which was right in the eyes of the Lord [his God] like David 3 his fatlicr. But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, . . . , [yea, J and made his son B. 2 Chron. 28. (Continuous.) Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem : and he did not that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, .... like David 2 his father : but he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, [and made also molten images for the 3 Baalim. Moreover he burnt in- cense in the valley of the son of Hinnom,] . . and burnt his '' Here again we Lave proof that the original A. document must have been fuller than it is now. DEUTEEOGRAPHS. 99 A. 2 Kings 16. {Conlint(e(L) fo pnss tliroKfjh'^ tlio fire, according to the aboniiuiit ions of the heathen, whom the Lord cast out [from] before the ehihh-en of Israel. 4 And he sacrificed and burnt in- cense in the higli phices, and on the hills, and under every green tree. 5 [Then Rezin king of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah king of Israel came up to Jerusalem to war : and they besieged Ahaz, but could not overcome him ''. 6 At that time Rozin king of Syria recovered Elath to Syria, and drave the Jews from Elath: and the Syrians came to Elath, and dwelt there, unto this day.] 7 So . . Ahaz sent [messengers] to [Tiglath-pileser] king of As syria, [saying, I am thy servant and thy son : come up, and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the liand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me.] 8 And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in B. 2 Chron. 28. (^Continued.) sons in the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the Lord cast out . . before the children of Israel. 4 And he sacrificed and burnt in- cense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree. (Ahaz defeated by Syrians and by Israelites, -who are rebuked by Oded and forced to restore the captives.) 16 At that time did [king] Ahaz send . . unto . . the kings of As- syria to help him 17 [For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and 3 8 carried away captives. The Philis- tines also had invaded the cities of the lowland, and of the south of Judah, and liad taken Beth- shemesh, and Aijalon, and Ge- deroth, and Soco Avith the towns thereof, and Timnah with the towns thereof, Gimzo also -and the towns thereof: and they 19 dwelt there. For the Lord brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel ; f >r he had dealt wantonly in Judah, and trespassed sore against the Lord. 20 And Tilgath-pilneser'' king of As- syria came unto him, and dis- tressed him, but strengthened "21 him not.] For Ahaz took away a portion out of the house of the § 40.— " A. -Ti^yn. B. -|y3\ •> But they inflicted terrible defeats, destroying at least a third of the Judean army. Tlie literal rendering of the text is, ' and they coixld not fight ; ' and so LXX. Perhaps the meaning is that the Judeans could not face their enemies. "^ Tiglath is changed to Tilgath for euphony's sake. Compare Almng for Algum. There is no liugiiistic reason for inserting n in Pilneser. It is probably a mark of lateness. H 2 ICO DEUTEROGHArHS. A. 2 Kings 16. {Continued.) the house of the Lord, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a present to the king 9 of Assyria. And the king of Assyria hearkened unto him : and the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin. 10 And king Ahaz went to Da- mascus to meet Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and saw the altar that was at Damascus : and king Ahaz sent to Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar, and the pat- tern of it, according to all the 11 workmanship thereof. And Urijah the i^riest built an altar: accord- ing to all that king Aliaz had sent from Damascus, so did Urijah the priest make it against king Ahaz 12 came from Damascus. And when the king was come from Damas- cus, the king saw the altar : and the king drew near tmto the 13 altar, and offered thereon. And he burnt his burnt offering and his meal offering, and poured his drink offering, and sprinkled the blood of his peace offeriiigs, 14 upon the altar. And the brasen altar, which was before the Lord, he brought from the forefront of the house, from between his altar and the house of the Lord, and put it on the north side of his 15 altar. And king Ahaz com- manded Urijah the priest, saying, Upon the great altar burn the moi-ning burnt offering, and the evening meal offering, and the king's burnt offering, and his meal offering, with tlie burnt off'erint;- of all the people of the land, and their meal offering, and their drirjk ofterings ; and sprinkle upon it all the blood of the burnt offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice : but the brasen altar shall be for me to 16 inquire by. Thus did Urijah the priest, according to all that king 17 Ahaz commanded. And king B, 2 Chron. 28. {Continued.) Lord, and out of the house of the king and of the princes, and gave it unto the king of Assyria : but it helped him not. 22 And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord, this same king Ahaz. 23 For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus '^, which smote him: and he said. Because the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all 24 Israel. And Ahaz gathered to- gether the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the Lord ; and he made him altars in every corner of 25 Jerusalem. And in every several city of Judah he made high places to liurn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the Lord, the God of his fathers. rf Note the insertion of tlio r in tlm name Darmesok, as in earlier §§. DEUTEKOGRAPHS. lOI A. 2 Kings 16. {Continued.) Ahaz cut off the borders of tlio bases, and removtd tiio lavor from off them ; and took down the sea from off the brason oxen that woi-e under it, and put it 18 upon a pavement of stone. And the covei'ed way for the sabbath that they had built in the house, and the king's entry without, turned lie unto the house of the Lord, because of the Icing of Assyria. Now the rest of the acts [of Ahaz which he did] are 19 they not written in the ))ook of [tlie chronicles of] the kings of 20 Judah '? And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and was buried [with his fathers] in the city of Darid^ and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead. B. 2 Chron. 28. (Continued.) 26 Now the rest of /(«s acts, . . . [and all his ways, fii-st and last, behold,] they are written in the book of the kings of 27 Judah [and Israel]. And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem ; [for they brought him not into the sejjul- chres of the kings of Israel :] and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead. (§ 41.) A. 2 Kings 18. (Reign of Hoshea, downfall of Israel.) [Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began 2 to reign.] Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign ; and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Ahi'^i\\Q 3 daughter of Zechariah. And he did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that B, 2 Chron. 29. (Continuous.) Hezekiah began to reign when he was five and twenty years old ; and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Abijf 6 David, and made weapons and shields in abundance. And he set captains of war over the people, and gathered them together to him in the broad place at the gate of the city, and spake comfortably to 7 them, saying, Be strong and of a good courage, be not afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude that is 8 with him : for there is a greater with us than with him : with him is an arm of flesh ; but with us is the Lord our God to heljj us, and to fight our battles. And tlio jjeople rested themselves upon the words of Hezekiah king of .Judah. 'J After this did Sennacherib king of Assyria send his servants to Jerusalem, (now he was before Lachish, and all his power with liim,) unto Hezekiah king of Judah, and unto all Judah that were at 104 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 18. {Continued.) tlie king,] there came out to them Eliakim the son of Hilkiali, which was over the household, and Shebnah " the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder. 19 And Rabsliakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this 20 wherein thou trustest ? Thou sayest^, but they are hut vain icords, counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost tliou trust, tliat thou hast rebelled against me ? 21 [Now,] behold, thou trustest upon the staff of tliis bruised reed, even upon Egypt ; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it : so is Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust 22 on him. But if ye say unto me, We ti'ust in the Lord our God : is not that he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar [in 23 Jerusalem] ? Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them. 24 How then canst thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen ? . . 25 Am I now come up without the Lord against this place to destroy C. Isaiah 36. (Continued.) 3 . . . . Then came out unto him Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shehna the scribe, and .Joah the son of Asaph the recorder. 4 And Rabsliakeh said unto them. Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this 5 wherein thou trustest? I say, thy counsel and strength for the war are hut vain words. Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou liust rebelled against me ? 6 . . . Behold, thou trustest vijjon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt ; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it : so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust 7 on him. But if thou say unto me, We trust in the Lord our God : is not that he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar? . . 8 Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders ujjon them. 9 How then canst thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for 10 chariotsandfor horsemen? [And] am I now come up without the Lord against this land to destroy B. 2 Chron. 32. {Continued.) 10 Jerusalem, saying. Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria, Whereon 11 do ye trust, that ye abide the siege in Jerusalem ? Doth not Hezekiah persuade you, to give you over to die by famine and by thirst, saying. The Lord our God shall deliver us out of the hand of the 12 king of Assyria ? Hath not tlie same Hezekiah taken away his high j)laces and his altars, and commanded Judah and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall wurship before one altar, and upnn it shall ye buin 13 incense ? Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all the 42. — " But Shebna, ver. 37, &c. •■A. mt:x. c. imDX. DEUTEROGRA.PHS. I05 A. 2 Kings 18. (^Continued.) it ? The Lord said unto me, Go up against tliis land, and de- stroy it. 26 Tlien said Eliakim [the son of Hilkiali ', and Shthnah, and Joali. unto Kal)shakch, Speak, I pray thee, to tliy servants in tlie Syrian hxnguage ; for wo under- stand it : and speak not ui(h us in the Jews' hmguage, in the ears of the people that are on 27 the wall. But Eabsliakeh said [unto them]. Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words ? hath he not sent me to the men which sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own 28 water with you ? Then Rab- shakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and sjxtke, [saying,] Hear j-e the ivord of the great king, the king 29 of Assyria. Thus saith the king. Let not Hezekiah deceive you ; for he shall not he able to deliver 30 you [out of his hand] : neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LoKu, saying. The Lord will surely deliver us, [and] this city shall not be given into the hand 31 of the king of Assyria. Hearken not to Hezekiah : for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make your peace with me, and come out to me ; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the 32 waters of his own cistern ; until I come and take you away to C. Isaiah 36. {Continued.) it? The Lord said unto me, Go up against this land, and de- stroy it. 11 Then said Eliakim . and Slu^hua and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, \into thy servants in the Syrian language ; for we under- stand it : and speak not to us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the people that are on 12 the wall. But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words ? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own 13 water with you ? Then Rab- shakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and said, . . . Hear ye the words of the great king, the king 14 of Assyria. Thus saith the king. Let not Hezekiah deceive you ; for he shall not be able to deliver 15 you : neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the Lord, saying, The Lord will surely deliver us ; . . this city shall not be given into the hand 16 of the king of Assyria. Hearken not to Hezekiah : for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make your peace with me, and come out to me ; and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the 17 waters of his own cistern : until I come and take you away to B. 2 Chron. 32. (Continutd.) peoples of the lands? Were the gods of the nations of the lands any 14 ways able to deliver their land out of mine hand ? Who was there among all the gods of those nations which my fathers utterly destroyed, that could deliver his peojjle out of mine hand, that your God should 15 be able to deliver you out of mine hand ? Now therefore let not Hezekiah deceive you, nor jjersuade j-ou on this manner, neither believe ye him : for no god of any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his people out of mine hand, and out of the hand of my fathers : how much less shall your God deliver you out of mine hand? 16 And his servants spake yet more against the Lord God, and against lus servant Hezekiah. io6 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 18. {Continued. ) a land like youi* own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards, [a land of oil olive and of honey, that ye may live, and not die :] and hearken not unto Hezekiah, [when he] persiiadeth you, saying, The Lord will deliver 33 us. Hath any of the gods of the nations [ever] delivered his land out of the hand of the king of 34 Assyria? Where are the gods of Hainath, and [of] Arpad? where ai"e the gods of Sepharvaim. [of Hena, and Iv^^ali] ? . . have they delivered Samaria out of 35 my hand ? Who are they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their country out of my hand, that the Lord should deliver Jerusalem out of 36 my hand? But the jieajjle held their peace, and answered him not a word : for the king's command- ment was, saying, Answer him 37 not. Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh. C. Isaiah 36. {Continued .) a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards, 18 lest Hezekiah persuade ytiu, saying, The Lord will deliver us. Hath any of the gods of the nations . . delivered his land out of the hand of the king of 19 Assyria? Where are the gods of Hamathand . . Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim ? . . [and] have they delivered Samaria out of 20 my hand ? Who are they among all the gods of these countries, that have delivered their country out of my hand, that the Lord should deliver Jerusalem out of 21 my hand? But they held their peace, and answered him not a word : for the king's command- ment was, saying, Answer him 22 not. Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the rocordei', to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh. (§ 43.) A. 2 Kings 19. (Continuous.) And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went 2 into the house of the Lord. And he sent Eliakim, ivhich was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, unto Isainh the prophet the son 3 of Amoz. And they said unto him, Tlius saith Hezekiah, This C. Isaiah 37. (Continuous.) And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went 2 into the house of the Lord. And he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the ciders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, unto Isaiah the son of Amoz the 3 proi)het. And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This DEUTEROGRAl'Hft. 107 A. 2 Kings 19. (^Continvcd.) day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of contumely : for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength 4 to bring forth. It may bo the Lord thy God will hear [all] the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria liis master hath sent to reproach the living God, and will rebuke the words wliich the Loud thy God hath heard : wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is 5 left. So the servants of king 6 Hczckiah came to Isaiah. And Isaiah said unto "them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus saith the LoKD, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed 7 me. Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he shall hear a rumour, and shnll return to'' his own land ; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land. 8 So Eabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria war- ring against Libnah : for he had heard that he was departed from 9 Laehish. And he heard say of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, [Behold,] he is come out to fight against thee : and . . he sent messengers [again] 10 to Hezekiah, saying, Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, .Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the 11 king of Assyria. Behold, thou hast heard whaf^ the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, B. C. Isaiah 37. (Confinucd.) day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of contumely : for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength 4 to bring forth. It may be the Lord thy God will hear the words of Eabshakeh, whom the king of Assyi-ia his master hath sent to re2)roach the living God, and will rebuke the words which the Lord thy God hath heard : wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is 5 left. So the servants of king 6 Hezekiah came to Isaiah. And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master. Thus saith the Lord, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed 7 me. Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he shall hear a rumoiu', and shall return unto his own land ; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land. 8 So Eabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria war- ring against Libnah : for he had heard that he was departed from Laehish. And he heard say con- cerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, . He is come out to fight against thee : and [wlien he heard it,] lie sent messengers . . . 10 to Hezekiah, sayinp. Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying. Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of tlie 11 king of Assyria. Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, 2 Chron. 32. {Continued.) He wrote also letters, to rail on the Lord, the God of Israel, and to speak against him, saying. As the gods of the nations of the lands, which have not delivered their j^eople out of mine hand so shall not the God of Hezekiah deliver his peojjle out of mine hand. § 43.—'^ A. Dni?. C. Dn^^vS. i- A. ^. C. ^S. C. omits HN . io8 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 19. {ContinuecL) by destroying them utterly : and 12 shalt thou be delivered ? Have the gods of the nations delivered them, which my fathers have destroyed, Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Telassar ? 13 Where'' is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? 14 And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it : and Hezekiah Avent up unto the house of the Lord, and spread it before 15 the Lord. And Hezekiah jjrayed before the Lord, and said, Lord, . . . . the God of Israel, that sittest upon the cherubim, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth ; thou hast made heaven and earth. 16 Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hear ; oj^en thine eyes, Lord, and see : and hear . . the words of Sennacherib, ichemcith he hath sent [him] to reproach the living 17 God. Of a truth, Lord, the kings of Assyria have laid waste . . 18 the nations and their lands, and have cast their gods into the fire : for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone ; therefore they have de- 19 stroyed them. Now therefore, Lord our God, save [thou] us, [I beseech thee,] out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the Lord [God ', even thou only. 20 Then Isaiah the son of Amoz C. Isaiah 37. (^Confinued.) by destroying them utterly : and 12 shalt thou be delivered ? Have the gods of the nations delivered them, which my fathers have destroyed, Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Telassar ? 13 Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah ? 14 And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it : and Hezekiah went up unto the house of the Lord, and sjjread it before 15 the Lord. And Hezekiah prayed 16 unto the Lord, saying, Lord [of hnsts], the God of Israel, that sittest ujwn the cherubim, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth ; thou hast made heaven aiid earth. 17 Incline thine ear, Lord, and hear ; open thine eyes, Lord, and see : and hear [all] the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent . . to reproach the living 18 God. Of a truth. Lord, the kings of Assyria have laid waste [all] 19 the countries, and their land, and have cast their gods into the fire : for they wei-e no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone ; therefore they have de- 20 stroyed them. Now therefore, Lord our God, save . . . us out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the Lord, . . . even thou only. 21 Then Isaiah the son of Amoz B. 2 Chron. 32. i_Conii}iued.) 18 And they cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language unto the people of .Jerusalem that were on the wall, to affright them, and to trouble them ; that they might take the city. 19 And they sjiake of the God of .Jerusalem, as of the gods of the peoples of the earth, wliich are the; work of men's hands. 20 And Hezekiah the king, and Isaiah the i^rophet the son of Amoz, prayed because of this, and cried to heaven. dA. VNv c. nw. DEUTEEOGRAPHS. 109 A. 2 Kings 19. {Continued.) sent to Hczekiah, sayinp;. Thus saith tho Lord, tlie (Jod of Israel, Whereas thou liast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of 21 Assyria, [I have heard.] This is tho word that the Lord hath spoken concerning liini : Tlie virgin daughter of Zion hath despised tliee and hiughod thee to scorn ; the daughter of Jeru- salem hath shaken her head at 22 thee. WlKiniliast thi^D-p nuay. b. navo-p pay. DEUTEROaEAPHS. I 11 A. 2 Kings 22. {ContinKed.) inquire of the Lord for me, and for the people, and fur all Jud;ili, concerning the words of thin book that is found : for great is the wratli of tlie Lord that is kindled against us, be- cause our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that [which] is written concerning ns. 14 So Hilkiali | tlio priest,] and Ahikain, and Achhor, and Sliaplian, and Asaiah, went to Hukhili the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah '', tiio son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe ; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the second- quarter ;) and they communed irith licr. 15 And she said unto them, Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel : Tell ye the man that sent you 16 unto me. Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and ujion the in- habitants thereof, even all the words of the book which the king of Judah 17 hath read: because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods ', that they might provoke me to anger with all the work of their hands ; therefore my wrath shcdl be kindled against this place, and 18 it shall not be quenched. But B. 2 Chron. 34. [Continued.) inquire of the Lord for me, and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book that is found : for great is the wrath of the Lord that is poured out upon us, be- cause our fathers have not kept the word of the Lord, to do according unto all that . . . is written in this book. 22 So Hilkiah, and they ichom the king had com- manded, went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tokhath, the son of Ilasrah, keeper of the wardrobe ; (now she dwelt in Jerusalenr in the second-quarter ;) and they spake to her to that effect. 23 And she said unto them. Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel : Tell ye the man that sent you 24 unto me, Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the in- habitants thei'eof, even all the curses ® [that are written] in the book w^hich they have read before the 25 king of Judah : because they have forsaken me, and have burzied incense unto other gods, that they might provoke me to anger with all the icorks of their hands ; therefore is my wrath ])oured out upon this place, and 26 it shall not be quenched. But •^ A. Dmn-p nipn. B. niOn-p nnpin. in each name there is a transposition of the letters, possibly for the sake of euphony. Achbor is named in Jer. 26. 22. The word (HJC'O which the Revisers have translated ' second quarter ' is found also in the writings of Zephaniah a contemporary authority (Zeph. 1. 10). ° Compare Deut. 29. 20, 21. ^ Compare Jer. 1. 16, 17 ; 19. 4. It is noteworthy that the sin of bu.rniug incense to false gods is not referred to in the groat prophetic chapters of the Pentateuch (see Lev. 26 ; Deut. 27-30), but cases frequently occur in the historical books and in the prophets. The relationship between this prophecy and the words of Jeremiah (see above) is obvious. The warnings uttered by Moses in his old age had been deposited with the ark (Deut. 31. 9) laid up before the Lord like other sacred charges (i Sam. 10. 25). The kings, prophets and others, however, had coxsies of them, or had access to the originals, and so we find David quoting them (i Kings 2. 3) and Amaziah acting on them (2 Kings 14. 6). When we consider the cuxunistances of the time we shall see nothing astonishing either in theix neglect or in their recovery. 123 DEUTEEOGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 22. {Continued.) unto the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the Lokd, the God of Israel: As touching the words which 19 thou hast heard, because thine heart was tender, and thou didst humble thyself before the Lord, when thou heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept before me ; I also have heard thee, saith the Lord. 20 [Therefore,] behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy grave in peace, neither shall thine eyes see all the evil which I will bring upon this place And they brought the king word again B. 2 Chron. 34. (Continued. ) unto the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel : As touching the words which 17 thou hast heard, because thine heart was tender, and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou heardest fiis icords against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, and hast humbled tliysclf before me, and hast rent thy clothes, and wej^t before mo ; I also have heard thee, saith the Lord ; i8 behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy grave in peace, neither shall thine eyes see all the evil that I will bring upon this place, [and upon the inhabitants thereof.] And they brought the king word again. (§ 50.) A. 2 Kings 23. (Continuous.) And the king sent, and [they] gathered [unto him] all the elders of Judah and [of] Jerusalem. 2 And the king went up to the house of the Lord, and all the men of Judah and [all] the in- habitants of Jerusalem [with him], and the priests, and the prophets"-, and all the people, both small and great : and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the Lord. 3 And the king stood by the 2yiUar ^, and made a covenant before the B. 2 Chron. 34. iContinuous.) 29 Theyi the king sent and . . . gathered .... all the elders of Judah and . . Jerusalem. 30 And the king went \\y> to the house of the Lord, and all the men of Judah and . . the in- habitants of Jerusalem, . . . . . . and the priests, and the Lerites, and all the peof)le, both great and small : and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the Lord. 31 And the king stood in his place, and made a covenant before the § 50. — " The LXX retains our texts. A var. lect. The LXX follows the reading of A. ^ A. iioyn-by. b. nDrbv. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 123 A. 2 Kings 23. {Continued.) Lord, to walk after the Lord, and to keep his commandments, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all . . heart "^j and ... all . . soul, to confirm the words of (his covenant that were written in this book <> : and all the people stood to the covenant. (The cleansing of Judah and Samaria.) 21 And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the Lord your God, as it is written in this book of the covenant. 22 Surely there was not kept such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, [nor of the kings of Judah :] . . 23 . . . . but in the eighteenth year of king Josiah was this passover kept [to the Lord in Jerusalem]. 24 [Moreover them that had familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the abominations that were sjiied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might confirm the woi'ds of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the B. 2 Chron. 34, 35. [Continued.) Lord, to walk after the Lord, and to keep his commandments, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all [his] heart, and [with] all [his] soul, to perform the words of the covenant that were written in this book. S'j" And he caused all that were found in J Jerusalem and Benjamin to stand bij it. [And the inhabitants of ' Jerusalem did according to the covenant of God, the God of their 33 fathers. And Josiah took away all the abominations ovit of all the countries that pertained to the children of Israel, and made all that were found in Israel to serve, even to serve the Lord their God. All his days they departed not from following the Lord, the God of their fathers.] 35 Ajid Josiah kept a passover unto the Lord in Jerusalem : and they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. (Full details given.) 18 And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet ; neither did any of the kings of Israel [keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants 19 of Jerusalem]. In tho eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah was this passover kept c A. 3^. B. 33^. ^ The 'covenant' is not only spoken of as such in Exodus, but also in Dent. (e.g. 29. 21). It was evidently understood in Josiah's time as embracing the main ceremonial features of the Mosaic law. 124 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 23. {Continued.) 25 Lord. And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the Lokd with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses ; neither after him arose there any like 26 him. Notwithstanding the Lord turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him 27 withal. And the Lord said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and I will cast off this city which I have chosen, even Jei'usalem, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.] 2D . . . .In his days [Pharaoh-j necoh " king of Egypt went up . . . . against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates : and [king] Josiah went . . against him ; and he slew him at Megiddo, 30 when he had seen him. And his servants carried him in a chariot dead ^ from Megiddo, and brouglit him to Jerusalem, B. 2 Chron. 35. {Continued.) 20 [After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple,] .... Neco king of Egypt went up [to fight] against Carchcmish tii/ Euphrates : and Josiah went [out] against him. 21 [But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, What have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah ? I come not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war ; and God hath com- manded me to make haste : for- bear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he 22 destroy thee not. Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not unto the words of Neco, from the mouth of God, ] and came to fight in the valley 23 of Megiddo. And the archers shot at king .Tosiah ; and the king said to his servants. Have me away ; for I am sore wounded. 24 So his servants took him out of the chariot, and carried him in the second chariot that he had, and brought him to Jerusalem ; ° A. n33. B. I^J. It will be noticed that the order of A. has been slightly altered, and verso 28 luis been brought lower for the sake of comparison with B. f Or in a dying condition ? See Gen. 20. 3. DEUTEEOGRAPHS. 125 A. 2 Kings 23. {Continued.) and buried him chro. in his sopiil- 28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all (hat he did, . . . are they not written in the booii of [the chronicles of] the kings of . . . . . Judah ? ^O^ And tlie people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, [and anointed him,] and made him king in his father's stead. B. 2 Chron. 35, 36. (Continued.) and he died, and was buried in ^/(C sepulchres [of his fathers. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned 25 for Josiah. And Jeremiah la- mented for Josiah : and all the singing men and singing women spake of Josiah in their lamenta- tions, vmto this day ; and they made them an ordinance in Israel : and, behold, they are written in the lamentations.] "26 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his good deeds, [accord- ing to that which is written in 27 the law of the Lord, and his acts, first and last, behold,] they are written in the book of . . . the kings of [Israel and] Judah. 36 Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father's stead [in Jerusalem]. (§ 51.) A. 2 Kings 23. (Continuous.) 31 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem : [and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter 32 of Jeremiah of Libnah. And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LoKD, according to all that his fathers had done.] 33 And Pharaoh-necoh put him in bands »■ at [Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in] Jerusalem ; and put the land to a tribute ^ of an hundred talents of 34 silver, and a talent of gold. And Pharaoh-necoh made Eliakim the B. 2 Chron. 36. (Continuous.) 2 Joahas was twenty and three years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem 3 And the at , , king of Egypt deposed him Jerusalem, and amerced the land in an hundred talents of silver 4 and a talent of gold. And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his § 51.—" A. jmON^I. B. |m"'D''1. A var. lect. i^ A. tJ>jy-|n^1. B. K^^yv 126 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 23. (Continued.) aoii ofJosiah king [in the room of Josiah his father], and changed his name to Jehoiakim : hut he took Jehoalmz ; and he came to Egypt, [and died there. 35 And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh ; hut he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh : he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaoh -necoh. ] B. 2 Chron. 36. {Continued.) brother king [over Judah and Jerusalem], and changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Neco took Joahaz [his brother], and carried him to Egypt A. 2 Kings 23, 24. (Continuous.) 36 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem : [and his mother's name was Zebidah the daughter 37 of Pedaiah of Rumah.] And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, . . . . [according to all that his fathers had done.] 24 In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, . . [and Jehoiakim became his servant three years : then he turned and rebelled against him. 2 And the Lord sent against him bands of the Chaldeans, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabitos, and bands of the children of Amnion, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the Lord, which he spake by the hand of his servants the prophets. B. 2 Chron. 36. (Continuous.) 5 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign ; and he reigxaed eleven years in Jerusalem : and he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord [his God]. 6 Against him Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, [and bound him in fetters, to carry 7 him to Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the house of the Lord to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon.] DEUTEEOGRAPHS. 127 A. 2 Kings 24, (Continued.) 3 Surely at the comniandmont of the Lord came this upon Jutlah, to remove tliem out of his sight, for the sins of Manasseh ", accord- 4 ing to all that he did ; and also for the innocent hlood that he shed ; for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood : and the Lord would not pardon]. 5 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and all that ho did, are they not written in the book of [the chronicles of] the kings of . . . 6 . . . Judah ? [So Jehoiakim slept with his fathers :] and Je- hoiachin his son reigned in his 7 stead. [And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land : for the king of Babylon had taken, from the brook of Egypt unto the river Euphrates, all that pertained to the king of Egypt.] B. 2 Chron. 86. {Continued.) Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations ichich he did, [and that which was found in him, behold,] they are written in the book of . . . the kings of [Israel and] Judah : and .Je- hoiachin his son reigned in his stead (§ 53.) A. 2 Kings 24, (Continuous.) 8 .Jehoiachin was eighteen'^ years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned in Jerusalem three months : [and his mother's name was Nehushta the daughter of Elnathan of Jeru- 9 salem.] And he did that which B. 2 Chron. 36. (Continuous.) 9 Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned in Jerusalem three months [and ten days] : . . . . and he did that which § 52.—" See Jer. 15. 4. § 53. — Note. The narrative should be compared wherever possible with the historical notices to be found in Jeremiah. But Jeremiah rightly spells Kcbii- chadrezzar (though not always, e. g. 29. i, 3), and reads Jechoniah for Jehoiachin (Jer. 24. i ; of. 1 Chron. 3. i6), also giving the shortened form Coniah (Jer. 22. 24, 28). " A. mb'y n^rSB^ p. B. njOtr p. The LXX readings in B. vary, but the omission of the 'ten' in B. is manifestly a copj'ist's error, though an ancient one. 128 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 24. (^Continued.) was evil in the sight of the Lord, [according to all that his father had done.] 10 At that time the sei-vants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up to Jerusalem, and 11 the city was besieged. And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came unto the city, while his 12 servants were besieging it ; and Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers : and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth 1-3 year of his reign And he carried out thence all the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the 14 Lord, as the Lord had said. And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and the smiths ; none remained, save the poorest sort 15 of the people of the land. And he carried away Jehoiachin to Babylon ; and the king's mother, and the king's wives, and his officers, and the chief men of the land, carried he into cai^tivity 16 from Jerusalem to Babylon. And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and the craftsmen and the smiths a thousand, all of them strong and apt for war, even them the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon. 17 And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. B. 2 Chron. 36. (Co7itinued.) was evil in the sight of the Lord. 10 And at the return of the year king Nebuchadnezzar sent, and brought him to Babylon, with the goodly vessels of the house of the Lord, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem. DEUTEEOGEAPHS. 129 (§ 54.) Is the following section B. is inserted at the foot, and C. is taken from the his- torical part of Jeremiah. The variations between A. and C. are simply an ancient copyist's slips and omissions, and there are no indications of differences of age between the MSS. They illustrate the variations to be seen in copies of contemporary documents, and show how impossible it seems to have been for a Hebrew scribe to copy with absolute accuracj'. C. is the fullest, and may be taken as the original. A. 2 Kings 24, 25. (Continuous.) 16 Zedekiah was twenty and one years old wlien he began to reign ; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Hamntal" tlie daughter 19 of Jeremiah of Libnah. And he did tliat which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all 20 that Jehoiakim had done. For through the anger of the Lokd did it come to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence: and Zedek- iah rebelled against the king of Babylon. 25 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Kehuchadnessar^' king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it ; and they built forts<= against it round about. 2 So the city was besieged unto the eleventh j^ear of king Zedekiah. 3 On the ninth day of the month the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the C. Jeremiah 52. Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign ; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem : and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter 2 of Jeremiah of Libnah. And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all 3 that Jehoiakim had done. For through the anger of the Lord did it come to pass in Jeru&akm and Judah, uiitil he had cast them out from his pi-esence : and Zedek- iah rebelled against tlie king of Babylon. 4 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jeru.salem, and encamped against it ; and they builtforts'^ against it round about. 5 So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah. tj [In the fourth month,] on the ninth day of the month, the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the B. 2 Chron. 36. (Continuous.) 11 Zedekiah** was twenty and one years old when he began to reign ; 12 and he reigned eleven j-ears in Jerusalem : and he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord his God ; he humbled not him- 13 self befoi'e Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord. And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzai", who had made hini swear by God : but he stiffened his neck, and hardened § 54. — ■'' The text in A. and 0. is Hamital, but Keri Hamutal. usually ; but in Jeremiah the more correct spelling is usually found. here and in Ezekiel. ^ ComxDare the narrative in Jer. 39. K i>So A. eOnly 130 DEUTEEOGKAPHS. A. 2 Kings 25. {Continued.) 4 land. Then a breach was made in the city, and all the men of war . . . . by night by the way of tlie gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden : (now the Chaldeans were against the city round about :) and Jto went by the way of the Arabah. 5 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho ; and all his army was 6 scattered from him. Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Kib- lah ; and they gave judgement upon him. 7 And they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, . . and he put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and .... . . . . bound him in fetters, and carried him to Babylon. . . 8 Now in the fifth month, on the seventh ' day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of king Nehuehadnezsar, king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan the caj^tain of the guard, a servant of^ the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem : C. Jeremiah 52. {Continued.) 7 land. Then a breach was made in the city, and all the men of war [fled, and went forth out of the city] by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden ; (now the Clialdeans were against tlie city round about :'i and tliey went by the way of the Arabah. 8 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho ; and all his army was 9 scattered fi'om him. Then they took the king, and carried him iip unto the king of Babylon to Rib- lah [in the land of Hamath], and he gave judgement" upon him. 10 A.ndtheking of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes : [he slew also all the princes of Judah 11 in Riblah.] And he put out the eyes of Zedekiah ; and [the king of Babylon] bound him in fetters, and carried him to Babylon, [and put him in prison till the day of his death.] 12 Now in the fifth month, in the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of king Kehucltadrezzar, king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan the caj^tain of the guard, which stood before the king of Babylon, into Jei-usalem : B. 2 Chron. 36. {Continued.) 14 his heart from turning unto the Lord, the God of Israel. Moreover all the chiefs of the priests, and the people, trespassed very greatly after all the abominations of the heathen ; and they polluted the 15 house of tlie Lord which he had hallowed in Jerusalem. And the Lord, the God of their fathers, sent to them by his messengers, rising up early and sending ; because he had compassion on his people, and 16 on his dwelling jjlace : but they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and scoffed at his prophets, until the wrath of the 17 Lord arose against his people, till there was no remedy. Therefore he brought upon them the king of the Chaldeans, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and liad no com- passion ujwn young man or maiden, old man or ancient : he gave them " Lit. judgements, festly a copyist's error. ncy for 12V- ' The LXX retains both the texts, yet one is mani- 6 Perhaps C.'s reading grew out of a var. lect. of DEUTEROGRAPHS. 131 A. 2 Kings 25. (Continued.) 9 and he burnt the house of the Lord, and the king's house ; and all the houses of Jerusalem, even every groat house, burnt 10 he with fire. And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were . . the captain of the guard, brake down . . the walls of Jerusalem 11 round about. And Nebuzaradau the captain of the guard carried away captive , the residue of the people that were left in the city, and tliose that fell away, that foil to the king of Babylon, and the residue of the multitude. 12 But the captain of the guard left of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen. 13 And the pillars of brass that were in the house '^ of the Lord, and tlie bases and the brasen sea that were in the house of the Lord, did the Chaldeans break in pieces, and carried . . the brass 14 of them to Babylon. And the pots, and the shovels, and the snuffers i, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away 15 And the firepans, and the basons, . . . . that which was of gold, in gold, and that which was of silver, in silver, the captain of 16 the guard took away. The two pillars, the one sea, and . . C. Jeremiah 52. (Continued.) 13 and he burned the house of the Lord, and the king's house ; and all the houses of Jerusalem, even every great house, burned 14 he with fire. And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were [with] the captain of the guard, brake down [ all] the walls of Jerusalem 15 round about. And Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive [of the poorest sort of the people, and] the i-csidue of the people that were left in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king of Babylon, and the residue of the multitude. 16 But [Nebuzaradan] the captain of the guard left of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen. 17 And the pillars of brass that were in the house of the Lord, and the bases and the brasen sea that were in the house of the Lord, did the Chaldeans break in pieces, and carried [all] the brass 18 of them to Babylon. The pots also, and the shovels, and the snuffers, [and the basons,] and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, 19 took they away. [And the cups,] and the firepans, and the basons, [and the pots, and the candle- sticks, and the spoons, and the bowls ;] that which was of gold, in gold, and that which was of silver, in silvei-, the captain of 20 the "^ guard took away. The two pillars, the one sea, and [the B. 2 Chron. 36. {Continued.) 18 all into his hand. And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of 19 the king, and of his princes ; all these he brought to Babylon. And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the 20 goodly vessels thereof. And them that had escaped from the sword ''A, 1^2 • B. n''3^ . ' The resemblance between the words for snuffers (np"ltf2) and basons (DnOTO) accounts for the omission, but those below have to be accounted for. ^ C. omits the def. art. 132 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 25. {Continued.) . . . the bases, which Solomon had made for the house of tlie Lord ; the brass of all these vessels was without weight. . . 17 The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and a chajiiter of brass was upon it: and the height of the . . chapiter was tJn-ee cubits ; with network and pomegranates upon the chaijiter round about, all of brass : and like unto these had the second pillar with net- work 18 And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the c/i;>/ priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door : 19 and out of the city he took an officer that was™ set over the men of war ; and Jive men of them that saw the king's face, Avhich were found in the city; and the scribe, . . the captain of the host, who mustered the people of the land ; and three- score men of the people of the land, that were found in . . . 20 . . . . the city. And Nebu- zaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah. 21 And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath. C. Jeremiah 52. (Continued.) twelve brasen bulls that were under] the bases, which [king] Solomon had made for the house of the Lord : the brass of all these 21 vessels was without weight 1. [And as for the pillars,] the height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits ; [and a line of twelve cubits did compass it ; and the thickness thereof was four fingers : it was 22 hollow.] And a chapiter of brass was upon it ; and the height of the [one] chapiter was. /zee cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the chapiter round about, all of brass : and the second pillar also had like unto these, and 23 pomegranates. [And there were ninety and six pomegranates on the sides ; all the pomegranates were an hundred upon the net- work ]-ound about.] 24 And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the high priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door : 25 and out of the city he took an officer that was set over the men of war ; and seven men of them that saw tlie king's face, which were found in the city ; and the scribe [of] the captain of the host, who mustered the people of the land ; and thi'ee- score men of the people of the land, that were found in [the 26 midst of] the city. And Nebu- zaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought tlicm to the king of Babylon to Riblah. 27 And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath, B. 2 Chron. 36. {Continued.) carried he away to Babylon ; and they were servants to him and his 21 sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia : to fulfil the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths : for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years. ' 1 Kings 7. 15, &c., with which C. agrees. '"A. Nin. c. ^^^. DEUTEROGEAPHS. ^33 A. 2 Kings 25. (Coniimiecl.) So Judah was carried away cap- tive out of his land. I [And as for tlio people that won- left in tlie land of Judah, whom NebiU'hadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them ho made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Sliaphan, governor.] C. Jeremiah 52. {Continued.) So Judah was carried away cap- tive out of his land. (§ 55.) A. 2 Kings 25. (Continuous.) 23 Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon liad made Gedaliah . . . . governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the S071 of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth . . . . the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of the Maaca- 24 thite, they and their men. And Gedaliah sware to them and to their men, and said unto them. Fear not because of the servants of the Chaldeans : dwell in the land, and sei've the king of Baby- lon, and it shall be well with you. C. Jeremiah 40, 41. 40.7 Now when all the captains of the forces [which were in the fields, even] they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah [the son of Ahikam] governor [in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried away 8 captive to Babylon ; then] they came to Gedaliah to Mizjjah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan [and Jonathan] the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, [and the sons of Ephai] the Netophathite, and Jesaniah the son of the Maaca- 9 thite, they and their men. And Gedaliah [the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan] sware to them and to their men, say- ing, Fear not to serve the Chaldeans : dwell in the land, and serve the king of Baby- lon, and it shall be well with you. § 55. — Note. C. is extracted from the personal narrative iu Jer. 40 and 41, on which A. bases tlie closing part of his history. 134 DEUTEEOGRAPHS. A. 2 Kings 25. {Continued.) 25 But it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, . . . and ten men with him, came and smote Ciedaliah fhat he died, .... and the Jews and the Chaldeans that were with him at Mizpah. 26 And all the peojDle, both small and great, and the captains of the forces, arose, and came to Egypt : for they were afi-aid of the Chal- deans. C. Jeremiah 41. {Continued.) 41 Now it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, [and one of the chief officers of the king,] and ten men with him, came [unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam to Mizi:)ah ; and there they did eat bread together in 2 Mizpah. Then arose Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and the ten men that wei'e with him,] and smote Gedaliah [the son of Ahi- kam the son of Shajdian with the sword,] and slew liim, [whom the king of Babylon had made go- 3 vernor over the land.] Ishmael also slew all the Jews that were with him; even with Gedaliah, at Mizpah, [and the Chaldeans that were found there, even the men 16 of war.] Then took Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the cap- tains of the forces that were with him, all the remnant of the people whom he had recovered from Ishmael the son of Ne- thaniah, from Mizpah, after that he had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, even the men of war, and the women, and the chil- dren, and the eunuchs, whom he had brought again from Gibeon ; 17 iuid they departed, and dwelt in Geruth Chimham, which is by Beth-lehem, to go to enter into 18 Egypt, because of the Chaldeans : for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land. DEUTEROGRAPHS. 135 (§ 5G.) A. 2 Kings 25. (Continuous.) 27 And it came to pass in the seven and tliirtietli year of the cajitivitj' of Jelioiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on tlie seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodacli king of Babylon, in the year tliat he began to reign, lilted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah . . out of prison ; 28 and he spako kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in 2'J Babylon. And he changed liis prison garments, and did eat bread before him continually all 30 the days of his life. And for his allowance, there was a continual allowance given him of the king, every day a jiortion, all the days of his life. C. Jeremiah 52. (Continuous.) 31 And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on t]ic./?reand twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon, in the year of Jiis reign, lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah, [and brought him forth] out of i)rison ; 32 and he spake kindly to hijn, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were wath him in 33 Bal>ylon. And he clianged his prison garments, and did eat bread before him continually all 34 the days of his life. And for his allowance, there was a continual allowance given him of the king [of Babylon], every day a portion [until the day of his death], all the days of his life. (§ ■>7.) A. 2 Chron. 36. 22 Now in the first year of Cyrus " king of Persia, that the word of the LoKD by the mouth of Jere- miah ^ might be accomplished, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus" king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all liis kingdom, and put it also 23 in writing, saying, Thus saith Cyrus" king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LoKD, the God of heaven, giAen me ; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, B, Ezra 1. Now in the first year of Cyrus" king of Persia, that the word of the LoKD by the mouth of Jere- miah might be accomplished, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus" king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also 2 in writing, saying, Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the Lord, the God of heaven, given me ; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, § 57. — Note. In this short section A. is the compiler of the Chronicles, and B. the writer of the first part of Ezra. The books overlap, and may be by the same hand, but the variations are noteworthy. " Korosh (Cynis) in the fuller form ({^"Il3) three times over; but in B. we find {^112 once and \^'~\j twice. ^ Jeremiah's name is spelt in the long form in A. and in the shorter form in B. 136 DEUTEEOGEAPHS. A. 2 Chron. 36. {Continued.) which is in Judah. Whosoever there is among you of all his people, . . [the Lord] his God '' with him, and let him go up. . . B. Ezra 1. [ContinuecL) which is in Judah. Wliosoever there is among you of all his peoi")le, [be] .... his God with him, and let him go up [to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and huild the house of the Lord, the God of Israel, (he is God,) which is in Jerusalem.] (§ 58.) A. Ezra 2. [Now] these are the children of the province, that went up out of the captivity of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away [unto Babyloni, and that returned unto Jerusalem and . . Judah, every 2 one unto his city ; which came " with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Ne- hemiah, Seraiah, Eeelaiah, . . . . Mordeeai, Bilshan. Misjmr, Bigvai, Rehum, Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel : 3 The children of Parosh, 2,172. B. Nehem. 7. 5 [And my God put into my heart to gather together the nobles, and the rulers, and the people, that they might be reckoned by genea- logy. And I found the book of the genealogy of them which came up at the first, and I found written therein :] 6 . . . These are the children of tlie j^rovlnce, that went up out of the captivity of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away . . . and that returned unto Jerusalem and [to] Judah, every 7 one unto his city ; icho came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Ne- hemiah, Asariah, Raamiah, [Na- hamani,] Mordeeai, Bilshan, Misperefh, Bigvai, Nehum, Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel : 8 The children of Parosh, 2,172. " A. nin\ B. \1\ LXX agrees with B. § 58. — NoTK. The extract from A. ■which Neliemiah makes, runs rather beyond the actual list of names, and gives us the first words of the third chapter of Ezra. From this we may gather that the genealogy lay embedded in the history which is in the first six chapters of Ezra, and which is wholly distinct from the second (and much later) jsart of the book. Copies of all such historical documents, whether written by prophetic men or not, would naturally be deposited in places of safe keeping, but Neliemiah does not tell us what the place was. •■•A. 1X3T^N. B. D'N2n. DEUTEROGEAPHS. ^37 A. Ezra 2. (Continued.) 4 The children of Shophatiah, 372. 5 The children of Arali, 775. 6 The children of Pahath-nioal), of the children of Jeshua . . Joab, 2,812. 7 The children of Elam, 1,254. 8 The children of Zattu. 945. 9 The children of Zaccai, 760. 10 The children of Bani, 642. 11 Tlie children of Bebai, 623. 12 The children of Azgad, 1,222. 13 The children of Adonikam, G6G. 14 The children of Bigvai, 2,056. 15 The children of Adin, 454. 16 The children of Ater, of Hezekiah, 98. 17 The children of Bezai, 323. 18 The children o{ Jorah, 112. 19 The children of Hashum, 223. 20 The children of Gibhar, 95. 21 The children of Befh-Iehem, 123. 22 The men of Nefophah, 56. 23 The men of Anathoth, 128. 24 The c/»7rf»-en of . . Azmaveth, 42. 25 Thec7i;7f/?-enof Kiriath-oriHi, Chep- liirah, and Beeroth, 743. 26 The children of Ramaih and Geba, 621. 27 The men of Michmas, 122. 28 The men of Beth-el and Ai, 223. 29 The children of Nebo, 52. 30 [The children of Magbish, 156.] 31 The children of the other Elam, 1,254. 32 The children of Harim, 320. 33 The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, 725. 34 The children of .Tericho, 345. 35 The children of Senaah, 3,630. 36 The Priests ; The children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, 973. 37 The children of Imnier, 1,052. 38 The children of Tashhur, 1,247. 39 The children of Harim, 1,017. 40 TitE Levites The children of .Jeshua and Kad- miel, of the children o{ Hodaviah, 74. 41 The Singers : The cliildren of Asaph, 128. B. Nehem. 7. {Continued.) 9 The children 10 The children 11 The children tlu! childre Joab, 2,818. 12 The children 13 The children 14 The children 15 The children 16 The children 17 The children 18 The children 19 The children 20 The children 21 The children of Shephatiah, 372. of Arab, 652. of Pahath-moab, of n of Jeshua [and J of Elam, 1,254. of Zattu, 845. of Zaccai, 760. of Binnui, 648. of Bebai, 628. of Azgad, 2,322. of Adonikam, 667. of Bigvai, 2,067. of Adin, 655. of Ater, of Hezekiah, 22 The children of Hashum, 328. 23 The children of Bezai, 324. 24 The children of Hariph, 112. 25 The children of Gibeon, 95. 26 The men of Beth-lehem and Netophah, 188. 27 The men of Anathoth, 128. 28 The men of [Beth]-azmaveth, 42. 29 The tnen of Kiriath-jearim, Chep- hirah, and Beeroth, 743. 30 The men of Ramah and Geba, 621. 31 The men of Michmas, 122. 32 The men of Beth-el and Ai, 123. 33 The men of the other Nebo, 52. 34 The children of the other Elam, 1,254. 35 The children of Harim, 320. 36 The children of .Jericho, 345. 37 The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, 721. 38 The children of Senaah, 3,930. 39 The Priests : The children of Jedaiah, of the house of .Jeshvia, 973. 40 The children of Immer, 1,052. 41 The children of Pashhur, 1,247. 42 The children of Harim, 1,017. 43 The LE\aTES The children of Jeshua, of Kad- miel, of the children of Hodevah, 74. 44 The Singers : The children of Asaph, 148. 138 DEUTEROGRAPHS. A. Ezra 2. (Continued.) 42 The [children of the] Pokteks : The children of Shallum, The cliildren of Ater, The children of Talmon, The children of Akkub, The children of Hatita, The children of Shobai, [in all] 139. 43 The Nethinim : The children of Ziha, The children of Hasupha, The children of Tabbaoth ; 44 The children of Keros, The children of Siafia, The children of Padon ; 45 The children o( Lehanah, The children of Hagabah, [The children of Akkub ;] 46 [The children of Hagab,] The children of Shavilai, The children of Hanan ; 47 The children of Giddel, The children of Gahar, The children of Keaiah ; 48 The children of Eezin, The children of Nekoda, The children of Gazzam ; 49 The children of Uzza, The children of Paseah, The children of Besai ; 50 [The children of Asnah,] The children of Meunim, The children of Nephisim ; 51 The children of Bakbuk, The children of Haku23ha, The children of Harliur ; 52 The children oi BasJuth, The children of Mehida, The children of Harsha ; 63 The children of Barkos, The children of Sisera, The children of Temali ; 54 The children of Neziah, The children of Hatipha. 55 The children of Solomon's servants : The children of Sotai, The children of [Has-]sophereth, The children of Pemda ; 56 The children of Jaalah, The children of Darkon, The children of Giddel ; 57 The children of Shej^hatiah, The children of Hattil, B. Nehem. 7. (Continued.) 45 The Pokteks The children of Shallum, The children of Ater, The children of Talmon, The children of Akkub, The children of Hatita, The children of Shobai, . . , 138. 46 The Nethinim: The children of Ziha, The children of Hasupha, The children of Tabbaoth ; 47 The children of Keros, The children of Sia, The children of Padon ; 48 The children of Lebana, The children of Hagaba, The 49 The The The 50 The The The 51 The The The 52 The children children children children children children children children children children children of Salniai ; of Hanan, of Giddel, of Gahar ; of Reaiah, of Rezin, of Nekoda ; of Gazzam, of Uzza, of Paseah ; of Besai, The The 53 The The The 54 The The The 55 The The The 56 The The children children children children children children children children childi'en children children children children of Meunim, of Kcphushesim . of Bakbuk, ot Ilakupha, of Harhur ; of Baslith, of Mehida, of Harsha ; of Barkos, of Sisera, of Temah ; of Neziah, of Hatipha. 57 The children of Solomon's servants : The children of Sotai, The children of . . Sophereth, The children of Perida ; 58 The children of Jaala, The children of Darkon, The children of Giddel ; 59 The children of Shephatiah, The children of Hattil, DEUTEROGRAPHS. 139 A. Ezra 2. {ConliuHed.) The children of rocliereth-hazze- baim. The children of Ami. 5S All the Nethinim, and the children of Solomon's servants, were 392. 0!* And these were they which went up from Tel-melah, Tel- harsha, Cherub, Addun, . . . Immer : but they could not shew their fathers' houses, and their seed, whether they were of Israel : 60 The children of Delaiah, The children of Tobiah, The children of Nekoda, 652. 61 And of [the children oi'"] the Pkiests : The childi'en of Hahaiah, The children of Hakkoz, The children of Barzillai, which took a wife of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was calk'd after their name. 62 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but they iccre not found : therefore were they deemed polluted and put from 63 the priesthood. And the Tii-- shatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and [with] Thummim. 64 The whole congregation to- 65 gether was 42,360, beside their manservants and their maid- servants, of whom there were 7,337 : and they had 200 singing 66 men and singing women. Their horses wei'c 736 ; their mules, 245 ; 67 [their] camels, 435 ; asses, 6,720. 68 And some 0/ the heads of fathers [when they came to the house of the Lord which is in Jerusalem, offered willingly for the house of God to set it up 69 in its place : they] . gave [after their ability] into the treasury of the work 61,000 darics of gold, and 5,000 B. Nehem. 7. (Continued.) The children of Pochereth-hazze- baim. The children oi Amon. GO All the Nethinim, and the children of Solomon's servants, were 392. 61 And these were they which went up from Tel-melah, Tel- harsha, Cherub, Addon, [and] Immer : but they could not shew their fathers' houses, and their seed, whether they were of Israel : 62 The children of Delaiah, The children of Tobiah, The children of Nekoda, 642. 63 And of the Priests : The children of Ilohaiah, The children of Hakkoz, The children of Barzillai, which took a wife of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called after their name. 64 These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but it was not found : therefore were they deemed polluted and put from 65 the priesthood. And the Tir- shatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and . . Thummim. 66 The whole congregation to- Q7 gether was 42,360, beside their menservants and their maid- servants, of whom there were . 7,337 : and they had 245 singing 68 men and singing women. Their horses were 736 ; their mules, 245 ; 60 . . . camels, 435 ; asses, 6,720. 70 And some from among the heads of fathei's [gave unto the work. The Tirshatha gave to the treasuiy 1,000 darics of gold, 50 basons, 530 priests' garments. 71 And some of the heads of fathers' houses] gave into the treasury of the work 20,000 darics of gold, and 2,200 I40 DEUTEEOGEAPHS. A. Ezra 2, 3. (Continued.) pound of silver, and 100 priests' 70 garments. So the priests, and the Levites, and some of the people, and the singers, and the poi-ters, and the Nethinim, [dwelt in their cities,] and all Israel in their cities. 3 And -when the seventh month was come, [and] the children of Isi'ael were in the cities, . . . . , the people gathered them- selves together as one man [to Jerusalem 1 B. Nehem. 7, 8. {ContiniiecJ.) 72 pound of silver. [And that which the rest of the people gave was 20,000 darics of gold, and 2,000 pound of silver,] and 67 priests' 73 garments. So the priests, and the Levites, and the porters, and the singers, and some of the peoi^le, and the Nethinim, . . . and all Israel, [dwelt] in their cities. And when the seventh month was conre, . . the children of 8 Israel were in their cities. [And all] the people gathei-ed them- selves together as one man . . . . . . [into the broad place that was before the water gate]. APPENDIX ON THE QUOTATIONS FEOM ONE PAET OF THE OLD TESTAMENT TO ANOTHER I. Short Sentences. Putting aside the ordinary formulae with which the sacred books abound, attention may be called to some short sentences which are of the nature of watchwords, i)romises, or proverbial expi-essions. In Isa. 24. 2 and IIos. 4. g wo find the condensed expression 'as with the people so with the priest' (11133 Dy3). In Isaiah it is the first of a series of kindred expressions, and looks original. Hosea probably borrowed the expression from Isaiah. Both begin with the words 'and it shall be.' Neither the E. A. V. nor the R. V. give identical translations. Isa. 37. 32 (part of Isaiah's messtige in the days of Hezckiah and Sennacherib 1 : 'For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a I'emnant and a deliverance out of mount Zion.' Compare Joel 2. 32 : * For in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be a deliverance, . . . and in the rem- nant.' Joel is manifestly using Isaiah's words, and adds (what may be taken as a note of quotation) the formula ' as Jehovah hath said.' Obadiah (ver. 17) reproduces the words 'in mount Zion .shall be a deliver- ance ' as if it were an established watchword. The R. V. gives us a near approach to identical renderings. Isa. 5'2. 7 : 'How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace.' Compare Nahum 1. 15 (2. 11:' Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace.' Isaiah's words run on in the same strain, whilst Nalmm breaks off into an exhortation. The former apjaears to be the original utterance. Isa. 47. 8 : 'Thou that art given to pleasures, that dwellest carelessly, tliat sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me.' Compare Zcph. 2. 15 : 'This is tlie rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly, that said in her heart, I am, and there is none beside me.' The words in Isaiah are addressed to the ' daughter of Babylon,' and run on in the same strain. Zcplianiah's words are at the close of a series of denunciations on Philistia, Moal), Ammon and Assyria. Tlu^y look like a distinct reference to the passage in Isaiah, wliilst the words that follow are apparently a conden- sation from the threats on Babylon in Isa. 13. 19-22, and similar passages. Isa. 14. I : ' For the Lord . . . will yet choose Israel.' Isa. 51. 3 : 'For the Lord will comfort Zion.' Compare Zech. 1. 17 : 'For the Lord will yet comfort Zion, and will yet choose Jerusalem.' Hopeful sentences such as those in the two parts of Isaiah naturally reappeared as watch- woi-ds in the later i^rophets. The idea contained in them reappears in the New Testament. 144 DEUTEROGRAPHS. Job 4. 3, 4 : ' Thou hast strengthened the weak hands, . . . thou hast confirmed tlie feeljle knees.' Compare Isa. 35. 3 : ' Strengthen ye the weak hands and confirm the tottering knees.' The double expression may- have occurred to two writers independently. There are other expressions common to Job and other books on which opinions may differ, but some are not mere coincidences. Thus we have the jjlirases ' grope in the noon- day,' Job 5. 14 and Isa. 59. 10 ; 'despise not tliou the chastening of the Almighty,' Job 5. 17 and Prov. 3. 11 ; 'he woundeth, and his hands make whole,' Job 5. 18 and Dent. 32. 39 ; ' he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man,' Job 12. 25 and Isa. 19. 14 ; ' They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity,' Job 15. 35 and Isa. 59. 4 ; 'The light of the wicked shall be put out, . . . his candle shall be put out,' Job 18. 5, 6 and 21. 17. Compare Prov. 13. 9; 20. 20; 24. 23; 'They that plough iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same,' Job 4. 8, and Hos 10. 13. Job 3. 3, II : ' Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night in which it was said, there is a man child conceived. . . . Why died I not from the womb ? ' Compare Jer. 20. 14, 15, 18 : ' Cursed be the day wherein I was born. . . . Cursed be the man who brought tidings to my father, saying, a man child is born unto thee. . . . Why came I forth from the womb ? ' Job 1. 21 : ' Naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return thither.' Compare Eccles. 5. 15: 'As he came forth out of his mother's womb, naked shall he return.' Job 19. 13, 14 : ' He hath put my brethren far from me, and mine acquaintance are verily estranged from me. Mj' kinsfolk have failed, and mine acquaintance have forgotten me.' Compare Ps. 88. 8, 18: 'Thou hast put mine acquaintance far from me. . . . Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.' It is possible that the last word is a corrupt reading. Job reads 'JIPIDD* "'JJIVr, and the Psalm "[C'nrO ^V'i^tD. Job 28. 28 : ' The fear of the Lord, that is wisdom ; and to depart from evil is understanding.' Compare Pro.v. 9. 10: 'The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the holy is understanding.' Also Ps. Ill . 10 : ' The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom, a good understanding have all they that do thereafter.' The reseml>lance here is not complete, Init it is too considerable to be overlooked. The precious- ness of wisdom as described in the earlier verses of the chaj^ter in Job and in Proverbs 8 must not be forgotten in connexion with these passages. Jol) 11. 18, 19: 'And thou shalt be safe, because there is hope; ye shalt take thy rest in safety ; and thou shalt lie down, and none shall make thee afraid.' Compare Lev. 26. 5, 6 : ' Ye shall dwell 4^\ safety in your land, . . . and ye shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid.' Also Isa. 17. 2 : 'which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.' Compare Mic. 4. 4 : Zeph. 3. 13 : Ezek. 34. 28. This is a watchword si^ring- ing from the prophetic chapter in Leviticus. isa. 5. 12: 'They regard not the work of the Lord, neither consider the operation of his hands.' Compare Ps. 28. 5 which is almost identical in the E. A. V. and in the Hebrew. Isa. 11. 9: 'The earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.' Compare Hab. 2. 14 which gives very slight variations. Isa. 52. 10 : ' And all the ends of the earth shall .see the salvation of our God.' Compare Ps. 98. 3 which is practically identical. Ezek. 7. 19: 'Their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the Lord.' Compare Zeph. 1. 18 which is identical. Ezek. 18. 2 : ' The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge.' Compare Jer. 31. 29 which is identical. APPENDIX I. 145 Joel 3. 16 : 'Tlio Lord shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalom.' C>ed is every one that curseth thee, and Idossed is he that blesseth thee.' Compare Num. 24. 9 : ' Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee.' In spite of the change of order in Num))ers, and the variation of the words for ' cursing,' the relationship between the utterances is too strong to be denied. Gen. 40. 9 : ' He stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion ; who shall rouse him up?' Compare Num. 24. 9 which is identical and immediately precedes the words given above. Gen. 49. 26: 'They shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him who was separate from his brethren.' Compare Deut. S3. 16 which is almost identical. The relationship and the con- trasts, which are detected on a critical comparison of the blessings on the tribes by Jacob and Moses, are equally noteworthy. Exod. 14. 13 : ' Stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord.' Compare 2 Chron. 20. 17 which is identical. The crisis on the second occasion recalled the words used in Israel's great emergency. Exod. 15. 2 : 'The Loed is my strength and my song, and he is become my salvation.' Compare Ps. 118. 14 and Isa. 12. 2 which are identical. Compare also Exod. 15. 11 with Ps. 86. 8, 10. Num. 10. 35 : 'Rise up, Lord, and let thine enemies be scattered ; and let them that hate thee flee before thee.' Compare Ps. 68. 1 which is practically identical. The relationship of this Psalm with the song of Deborah and Barak, composed after Sisera's downfall (see w. 6, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27 , adds interest to the quotation of this ancient formula. Jo.shua 21. 45 : 'There failed not ought of any good thing which the Lord had spoken unto the house of Is)'ael ; all came to pass.' See also cha]i. 23. 14. Compare i Kings 8. 56 which is substantially the same. Joshua 1. 8 : 'This book of the law . . . thou shalt meditate therein day and night.' Compare Ps. 1. 2 : ' In his law doth he meditate day and night.' For other exhortations and promises concerning the law compare Jo.shua 1. 7, 9 and i Chron. 22. 12, 13 ; 28. 20 : 2 Chron. 32. 7. 2 Chron. 16. 9: 'The eyes of the Lord run to and fi'o throughout the whole earth.' Compare Zech. 4. 10 and Prov. 15. 3. Deut. 32. 7 : ' Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations.' Compare Ps. 77. 5 : 'I have considered the clays of old and the j-oars of ancient times.' Deut. 32. 36 : ' The Lord will judge his people, and repent himself for his sei-vants.' Compare Ps. 135. 14 which is the .same. Ps. 79. 10: 'Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is their God?' Compare Joel 2. 17 : 'Wherefore should they say among the people, Where is their God.' The prayers in the Old Testament are particularly full of borrowed thoughts and expressions relating to the divine attributes and dealings in past times. See especially Solomon's prayer at the dedication of the Temple, Jonah's psalm, Ezra's prayer (chap. 9\ Daniel's (chap. 9\ and Neheniiah's private petition (chap. 1) and public prayer (chap. 9). Nehem. 1 and Dan. 9 have special points of relationship. 146 DEUTEKOGEAPHS. II. The Ten Commandments. The points to be noticed here are (i) the insertions in Deuteronomy in the 4th, 5th, and loth commandments, which fit in with the idea that they form part of a practical address ; (ii) the omission of the reason given in Exodus for the observance of the Sabbath ; (iii) the slight variations 'Remember' and 'Observe' (1131 and ~\'\^'\i^), two words for 'false' ("IpB' and Sit?'), and the variation of the words 'covet' and 'desire' ("IDHn and niNnn) ; (iv) the tendency in Deuteronomy to prefix 'and' (1) to short exhortations. Exod. 20. 2 I am the Lord thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bond- age. 3 Thou shalt have none other gods before me. 4 Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, [nor] the likeness of any form that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water 5 under tlie earth : thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them : for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, . . upon the third and upon the fourth generation of 6 them that hate me ; and shewing mercy unto thousands, of them that love me and keep my com- mandments. 7 Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ; for the Lord will not hold him guilt- less that taketh his name in vain. 8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy 9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work : 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the Lord thy God : in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, . . . thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within Deut. 5. 6 I am the Lord thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bond- age. 7 Thou shalt have none other gods before me. 8 Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, . . the likeness of any form that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water 9 under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them : for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, [and] upon the third and upon the fourth generation of 10 them that hate me ; and shewing mercy unto thousands, of them that love me and keep my com- mandments. 11 Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy. God in vain : for the Lord will not hold him guilt- less that taketh his name in vain. 12 Observe the sabl>ath day, to keep it holy, [as the Lord thy God 13 commanded thee.] Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: 14 but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the Lord thy God : in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, [nor] thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor [thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of] thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within APPENDIX II. 147 Exod. 20. (Continued.) 11 thy gates: [for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in thoni is, and rested the seventh day; where- fore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.] . . . . Deut. 5. {Continued.) 12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. 13 Thou shalt do no murder. 14 . . Thou shalt not commit adultery. 15 . . Thou shalt not steal. 16 . . Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 17 . . Thou shalt not caret thy neighbour's house, . . thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, [nor] his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. thy gates ; [that thy man- servant and thy maidservant may 15 rest as well as thou. And thou shalt remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and the Lord thy God brought thee out thence by a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm : therefore the Lord thy God commanded thee to keep the sabbath day.] Honour thy father and thy mother, [as the Lord thy God commanded thee :] that thy days may be long, [and that it may go well with thee,] upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. Thou shalt do no murder. [And] thou shalt not commit adultery. [And] thou shalt not steal. [And] thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. [And] thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife ; [and] thou shalt not desire thy neighbour's house, [his field,] nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, . , his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. 16 I, 2 148 DEUTEROGEAPHS. III. The Close of Joshua and the Beginning of Judges. The early chapters of Judges contain some interesting extracts from Joshua, together with references to Deuteronomy. The most notable variations in these extracts are (i) that whilst in the Book of Joshua the authority for giving Hebron to Caleb is the Lord's commandment to Joshua, in the Judges the order is ascribed to Moses. See Num. 14. 24: Deut. 1. 36 ; (ii) the slight variation of spelling in the words ' upper ' and 'lower' ; (iii) the change of Judah for Benjamin ; (iv) the different arrangement of the sentences. Joshua 15. 13 And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a portion among the children of Judah, ac- cording to the commandment of the Lord to Joshua, even Kiriath- arba, which Arba was tlie father of Anak (the same is Hebron). 14 And C«/e& drove out thence the three sons of Anak, . . . Shesliai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, [the children of Anak.] 15 And he went up thence against the inhabitants of Debir: now the name of Debir beforetime was Kiriath-sepher. 1 6 And Caleb said. He that smitoth Kiriath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsali my daugh- 17 ter to wife. And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's .... brother, took it : and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. 18 And it came to pass, when she came unto him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field : and she lighted down from off her ass ; and Caleb said unto her, 10 What wouldest thou? And she said, .... Give me a bless- ing ; for that thou liast set me in the land of the South, give me also springs of water. And ha gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. 63 And as for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of .Jorusalom, the cliildren of Judah could not drive them out : but the Jebusites dwelt Judges 1. 10 And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron : now the name of Hebron before- time was Kiriath-arba. . . . 20 And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses had spoken : and he drove out thence the three sons of Anak. [And they smote] Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai 11 And/ram thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir. Now the name of Debir beforetime was Kiriath-sepher. 12 And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kiriath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daugh- 13 ter to wife. And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's [younger] brother, took it : and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. 14 And it came to pass, when she came unto him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field : and she lighted down from off her ass ; and Caleb said unto her, 15 What wouldest thou? And she said [unto him,] Give me a bless- ing ; for that thou hast set me in the land of the South, give mo also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. 21 And the children of Ben- jnviin did not drive out the .Jebusites tliat inhabited Jerusa- lem : but tlie Jebusites dwelt APPENDIX III. 149 Joshua 15, 17, 16, 24. (Continued.) with tho children of Judah at Jerusalem, unto this day. 17 11 AndManasseh had in Issachar and in Aslior Bcth-shoan and her towns. and Ililcain and her towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, [and theinliabitants of En-dor and her towns,] and tho inhabitants of Taanaeh and her towns, and tho inhabitants of Megiddoand her towns, [even the 12 three heights. Yet the children of Manasseh could not drive out the inhabitants of those cities ;] but the Canaanites would dwell 13 in that land. And it came to pass, when [the children of] Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to taskwork, and did not utterly drive them out. 16 10 And they drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer : but the Canaanites dwelt in the midst of Ephraim, [unto this day, and became servants to do task- work.] 24 28 So Joshua . . . sent the people away, every man unto his [own] inheritance 31 And Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had hiioicn all the . . work of the Lord, that he had wrought for Israel. 2J) And [it came to pass after these things that] Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being an hundred and ten 30 years old. And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-se/a/i, [which is] in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash. Judges 1, 2. (Continued.) with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem, unto tliis day. 27 And Manasseh did not drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean and her towns, nor of Taanaeh and her towns, nor the inhabit- ants of Dor and her towns, . . nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns : . . . but the Canaanites would dwell 28 in that land. And it came to pass, when Israel was waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to taskwork, and did not utterly drive them out. 29 And Ephraim drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer ; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them 2 6 Now when Joshua [had] sent the people away, [the children of Is- rael went] every man unto his . . inheritance [to possess the 7 land]. And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the [great] work of the Lord, that he had wrought for Israel. 8 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being an hundred and ten y years old. And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-/jeres, .... in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash. I50 DEUTEROGEAPHS. IV. The Levitical Cities in Joshua and Chronicles. The text has been slightly rearranged for purposes of compai-ison. Note (i) the omissions ; (ii) the changes of spelling, some of which are textual, but others probably mark the corruption of names through long years of use. Joshua 21. 10 And they gave .... out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are mentioned by name. [And they were] for the chil- dren of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, [who were of the children of Levi :] for theirs 11 was the [first] lot ; [And] they gavethem[Kiriath-arba,thefather of Anak, the same is] Hebron, in the liill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it. 12 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh [for his possession.] 13 And unto the children of Aaron [the priest] they gave Hebron [with her suburbs,] the city of refuge [for-the man-slayer], Lib- 14 nah also with her suburbs ; and Jattir [with her suburbs], and Eshtemoa with her suburbs ; 15 and Holon with her suburbs, [and] 16 Debir with her suburbs ; and Ain with her suburbs, and [Juttah with her sviburbs], Beth-shemesh with her suburbs : [nine cities 17 out of those two tribes.] And out of the tribe of Benjamin, [Gibeon with her suburbs,] Geba with her 18 suVjurbs ; . . Anathoth with her suburbs, and Alinon with her 19 suburbs : [four cities.] All the cities [of the children of Aaron, the priests,] . . . . were thirteen cities [ with their suburbs]. 1 Chron. 6. 54 [Now these are their dwelling places according to their encamp- 65 ments in their borders :] And they gave [by lot] out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of thechildren of Simeon, [and out of the tribe of the children of Benjamin,] these cities which are mentioned bj' name. For the chil- dren of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, for theirs 55 was the . . . lot ; . . they gave them Hebron in the la7id of Judah, and the suburbs thereof round about it. 56 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. . . 57 And unto the children of Aaron they gave the cities of refuge, Hebron ; Lib- nah also with her suburbs, and Jattir and Eshtemoa with her suburbs ; 58 and Hilen with her suburbs, . . 5'J Debir with her suburbs ; and Ashan with her suburbs, and . . Beth-shemesh with her suburbs And out of the tribe of Benjamin, . . . Geba with her suburlis, and AUcmeth with her sul>urbs, [and] Anathoth with her suburbs All their cities [throughout their families] were thirteen cities. 60 APPENDIX IV. 151 Joshua 21. (Continued.) 5 And . . the rest of the children of Kohath [had] by lot out of the f((»iilli\s of (he tribe [of F.phraim, and out of tlic trilie of Dan, and] out of the half tribe of Manasseh, 6 ten cities. And . .the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families . . of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the [half J tribe of Manasseh in Bashnn, 7 thirteen cities. . . . The chil- dren of Merari . . . according to their families [had] out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe 8 of Zebulun, twelve cities. And the children of Israel gave [by lot] unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, [as the Lord commanded by the hand of Moses]. 20 And .... the families of the children of Kohath, [the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath,] had [the] cities of their lot out of the 21 tribe of Ephraim. And they gave . . . them Shechem with her suburbs in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge [for 22 the manslayer], and Gezer with her suburbs ; and Kihiaim with her suburl).s, and Beth-horon with her suburbs, [four cities. 23 And out of the tribe of Dan, Elteke with her suburbs, Gib- bethon with her suburbs ;] . . 24 Aijalon with her suburbs, Gath-rimmon with her suburbs ; 25 [four cities]. And out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Taanach with her suburbs, and Gath-runmon-with 26 her suburbs, [two cities. All the cities] 0/ the families of the 7-cst of the children of Kohath [were ten with their suburbs]. 27 [And] unto the children of Gershon, [of the families of the Levites,] out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, [the city of refuge for the manslayer ;] and Be-eshterah with her suburbs ; 1 Chron. 6. (Continued.) 61 And [unto] the rest of the children of Kohath, . . by lot, out of the family of the tribe out of the half tribe, [the half] of Manasseh, 62 ten cities. And [to] the children of Gershom, accordimj to their families, [out] of the tribe of Issachai", and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the . . . tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, 63 thirteen cities. [Unto] the chil- dren of Merari [by lot], according to their fiimilies, . . out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe 64 of Zebulun, twelve cities. And the children of Israel gave . . . . . to the Levites the cities with their suburbs 66 And [some of] the families of the children of Kohath, . . '. ...... '. had '. '. cities of their borders out of the 67 tribe of Ei^hraim. And they gave [unto] them the cities of refuge, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim with her suburbs ; . . and Gezer with 68 her suburbs ; and Jokmeam with her suburbs, and Beth-horon with her suburbs, [and] 69 Aijalon with her suburbs, [and] Gath-rimmon with her suburbs ; 70 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh ; Aner with her suburbs, and Bileam with her suburbs, . . . for the rest of the family of the children of Kohath. . . . 71 . . . Unto the children of Gershom, . . . out of the [family of the] half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, . . and Ashtaroth with her suburbs. 152 DEUTEROGRAPHS. Joshua 21. [Continued.) 28 [two cities.] And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishion with her suburbs, Daberath with her 29 suburlis ; . . Jarmuth with her suburbs, . . En-gannim with 30 her suburbs ; [four cities.] And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, . . Abdon 31 with her suburbs ; . . Helkath with her suburbs, and Rehob with 32 her sulnu'bs ; [foiir cities.] And out of the tribe of Naplitali, Kedesh in (jralilee witli her suburbs, [the city of refuge for the manslayer,] and jH«J"*»o^/i-dor with her suburbs, and Karlcm with her suburbs ; 33 [three cities. All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs.] 34 [And] unto the families of the children of Merari, [the rest of the Levites] out of tbe tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with her suburljs, [and] Kartah with her 35 suburlis, [Dininah with her sub- urbs, Nahalal with her suburbs ; 36 four cities.] And out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer . . . with her suburbs, and Jahaz with her sviburbs, . . . 37 Kedemoth with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs ; 38 [foiu" cities.] And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, [the city of refuge for the manslayer,] and Mahanaim with her suburbs ; 39 . . Heshbon with her suburbs, . . Jazer with her suburbs ; [four cities in all.] 1 Chron. 6. {Continued.') 72 And out of the tribe of Issachar ; Kedesh with her suburbs, Daberath with her 73 suburbs ; [and] Ramoth with her suburbs, [and] Anem with 74 her suburbs And out of the tribe of Asher ; Mashal with her suburbs, [and] Abdon 75 with her suburbs ; [and] Hukok with her suburbs, and Rehob with 76 her suburbs And out of the tribe of Naplitali ; Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, . . and Hammon with her suburbs, and Kiriathaim with her suburbs. 77 . . . Unto the rest of the children of Merari, .... out of the tribe of Zebulun, Rimmono with her suburbs, . . Tahor with her suburbs 78 And [beyond the Jordan at Jericho, on tlie ea^t side of Jordan,] out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer [in the wilder- ness] with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs, [and] 79 Kedemoth with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs. 80 And out of the tribe of Gad ; Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, and Mahanaim with her suburbs, 81 [and] Heshbon with her suburbs, [and] Jazer with her suburbs. APPENDIX V. ^53 V. The Inhabitants op Jerusalem in Chronicles and Nehemiah. This section is a crux for critics. It is here printed in such a way as to exhibit at a glance the resemblances and variations. The very first name, Uthai or Athaiah, gives two different genealogies leading up to Perez. The section as given in Nehemiah is, in part at any rate, an extract from a much older document, as is shown by the references to ' the King.' The object of the Chronicler seems to be to establish the continuity between the original settlement in Jerusalem as planned by David and Samuel, and the re-settlement after the return from cai^tivity. Some of the variations in the texts are capable of solution, but others defy ingenuity. The section is a strong illustration of the decay of local and civil lists of names and offices as contrasted with the sacred utterances contained in the law and the prophets, which seem to have suffered very little in the process of transmission to later times. 1 Chron. 9. [So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies ; and, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel : and Judali was carried away captive to Babylon for their transgression.] 2 Now tlie first irthahifants that dwelt . in their possessions in their cities [were] Israel, the priests, . . the Levites, and the Nethinim 3 And in Jerusalem dwelt of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin, [and of the children of Ephraim and Manasseh.] 4 Uthai the son of Ammihud, the son of Omri, the son of Imri, the son of Bani, of the children of Perez [the son of Judah]. 5 Andof [the Shilonites:] Asaiah the 6 firstborn, and his sons. [And of the sons of Zerah ; Jeuel, and their brethren, six hundred and Nehem, 11. Now these are the chiefs of the province that dwelt [in Jerusalem : but in the cities of Judah dwelt every one] in his possession in their cities, . . . Israel, the priests, [and] the Levites, and the Nethinim [and the children of Solomon's servants]. And in Jerusalem dwelt of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin [Of the children of Judah :] Athaiah the son of Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amai'iah, the son of Shephatiah, [the son of Mahalalel,] of the children of Perez 5 And of Asaiah [the son of Baruch, the son of Colhozeh, the son of Hazaiah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Joia- rib, the son of Zechariah,] the son of the Shilonite 154 DEUTEROGRAPHS. 1 Chron. 9. {Continued.) ninety.] 7 And of the sons of Ben- jamin; Sallu the son of Meshul- 1am, the son of Hodaviah, the 8 son of Hassenuali ; and Ibneiah the son of Jeroham, and Ehih the son of Uzzi, the son of Michri, and Meshullam the son of Sliep- hatiah, the son of Reuel, the son 9 of Ibnijali ; and their brethren, according to their generations, nine hundred and fifty and six. All these men were heads of fathers' houses by their fathers' houses. 10 [And] of the priests ; Jedaiah, a7id Jehoiarib, [and] Jachin ; 11 [and] Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God 1'2 . . . . And Adaiah the son of Jeroham, tlie son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah, [and Maasai the son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith, the son 13 of Immer ;] and (heir brethren, heads of [their] fathers' [houses], a thousand and seven hundred and threescore ; [very able men for tiie work of the service of the house of God.] 14 And of the Levites ; Shemaiah the son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, 15 [of the sons of Merari,] and Bak- bakkar, Heresh, and Galal, . . Nehem. 11. {Continued.) 6 . . . [All the sons of Perez that dwelt in Jerusalem were four hundred threescore and eight valiant men.] 7 And these are the sons of Ben- jamin : Sallu the son of Me- shullam, the son of Joed, the son of Pcdaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son oJf 8 Jeshaiah. And after him Gabbai, Sallai, nine hundred twenty and 9 eight. And Joel the son of Zichri was their overseer : and Judah the son of Hassenuah was second over the city. 10 . . Of the priests : Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, . . Jachin, 11 . . Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of 12 the house of God, [and their brethren that did the work of the house, eight hundred twenty and two.] And Adaiah the son of Jeroham, [the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah,] the son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah, .... 13 heads of . . tico hundred md his brethren, . fathers', . . . forty and two : . [and Amashsai the son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son 14 of Immer, and their brethren, mighty men of valour, an hundred twenty and eight : and their overseer was Zabdiel, the son of Haggedolim.] 15 And of tlio Levites : Shemaiah the son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni ; 16 and Shabbethai and Jozabad, [of the chiefs of tlic Levites, who had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God ;] APPENDIX V. 155 1 Chron. 0. (^Continued.) and Mattaniah tlio son of Mica, tho sou of Zichri, the son of Asaph ; Hi and Obadiah tlie son of Shemaiah, tlio son of Galal, tlio son of Jeduthun, [and Bercchiah tlie son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, tliat dwelt in the villages of the Netoi^hathites.] 17 And the porters ; [ Rhallum, and] Akkub, [and] Talmon, [and Ahiman,] and their brethren : 18 [Shallum was the chief ; who hitherto in the king's gate east- ward : they were the porters for the camp of the children of Levi. 19 And Shallum the son of Kore, tho son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, and his brethren, of his father's house, tho Korahites, were over the work of the service, keepers of the gates of the taber- nacle : and their fathers had been over the camp of the Lord, keepers 20 of the entry ; and Phinehas the son of Eleazar was ruler over them in time past, and the Lord was 21 with him. Zechariah the son of Mesholcmiah was porter of the 22 door of the tent of meeting. All these which were chosen to be porters in the gates were two hundred and twelve. These were reckoned by genealogy in their villages, whom David and Samuel the seer did ordain in their set oflSce.] Nehem. 11. {Conti7iued.) 17 and Mattaniah the son of Mica, tho son of Zabdi, tho son of Asaph, [who was tho chief to begin tho thanksgiving in prayer, and Bakbukiah, tho second among his biethren :] and Abda the son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun. . . 18 [All tho Levites in the holy city were two hundred fourscore and four.] 19 And the porters, .... . . Akkub, . . Talmon, . . . . . . and their brethren, [that kejit watch at the gates, were an hundred seventy and two.] 20 [And the residue of Israel, 0', the priests, the Levites, were in all the cities of Judah, every 21 one in his inheritance. But the Nethinim dwelt in Ophel : and Ziha and Gishpa were over the 22 Nethinim. The overseer also of the Levites at Jerusalem was Uzzi the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Mica, of the sons of Asaph, the singers, over the 156 DEUTEROGRAPHS. 1 Chron. 9. {Continued, ) Nehem. 11. [Contimied.) business of the house of God. •23 For there was a commandment from the king concerning tliem, and a settled provision for the singers, as every day required. •24 And Pethahiah the son of Me- shezabel, of the cliildren of Zerah the son of Judah, was at the king's hand in all matters con- cerning the people.] VI. Duplicate Psalms. In these attention may be called (i) to the duplication itself ; (ii) to the fact that a complete Psalm is found in two separate portions elsewhere ; (iii) to the headings ; (iv) to the substitution of God for Lord. The various readings are of the usual kind. Ps. 108. A Song, a Psalm of David. 1 My heart is fixed, O God ; . . . I will sing, yea, I will sing praises, even ivith my glory. 2 Awake, psaltery and harp : I myself will awake right eai^ly. 3 1 will give thanks unto thee, Lord, among the peoples : [And] I will sing praises unto thee among the nations. 4 For thy mercy is great above the heavens, And thy truth unto the skies. 5 Be thou exalted, God, above the heavens : [And] thy glory above all the earth. Ps. 57. For the Chief Musician, Al-taschith, Michtam of David, when he fled from Saul in the cave. 7 My heart is fixed, O God, [my heart is fixed :] I will sing, yea, I will sing praises. Awake iq:), my glory ; 8 Awake, psaltery and harp : I myself will awake right eai'ly. 9 I will give thanks unto thee, O Lord, among the peoples : . . I will sing praises unto thee among tlie nations. 10 For thy mercy is great unto the heavens. And thy truth unto the skies. 11 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens ; . . . thy glory above all the earth. APPENDIX VI. 157 Ps. 108. {Continued.) 6 That tliy beloved may be de- livered, Save with thy right hand, and answer us. 7 God hath spoken in his holiness ; I will exult : I will divide Sheehem, and mete out tlie valley of Succotli. 8 Gilead is mine ; . . Manasseh is mine ; Ephraim also is the defence of mine head ; Judali is my sceptre. 9 Moab is my washpot ; Upon Edom will I cast my shoe : Orer Philistia iciU I shout. 10 Who will bring me into the fenced city ? Who hath led me unto Edom ? 11 Hast not thou cast us off, O God? And thou goest not forth, O God, with our hosts. 12 Give us help against the adver- sary : For vain is the help of man. 13 Through God we shall do valiantly : For he it is that shall tread down our adversaries. Ps. 60. For the Chief Musician upon Shushan- eduth, Michtam of David, to teach ; when he strove with Aram-naha- raini and with Aram-zobah. 5 That thy beloved may be de- livered, Save with thy right hand, and answer us. 6 God hiith spoken in his holiness; I will exult : I will divide Sheehem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. 7 Gilead is mine, [and] Manasseh is mine ; Ephraim also is the defence of mine head ; Judah is my sceptre. 8 Moab is my washpot ; Upon Edom will I cast my shoe : Philistia, shout thou because of me. 9 Who will bring me into the strong city? Who hath led me unto Edom ? 10 Hast not thou cast us off, God? And thou goest not forth, O God, with our hosts. 11 Give us help against the adver- sary: For vain is the help of man. 12 Through God we shall do valiantly : For he it is that shall tread down our adversaries. Ps. 40. For the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David. 13 [Be pleased,] Lord, to deliver me : Make haste to help me, O Lord. 14 Let them be ashamed and con- founded [ together] That seek after my soul [to de- stroy it :] Let them be turned backward and brought to dishonour That delight in my hurt. 15 Let them be deaolatc by reason of their shame That say [unto me], Aha, Aha. 16 Let all those that seek thee re- joice and be glad in thee : . . Lot such as love thy salva- tion say continually, Ps. 70. For the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David ; to bring to remembrance. 1 God, to deliver me ; Make haste to help me, Lord. 2 Let them be ashamed and con- founded .... That seek after my soul : . . . Let them be turned backward and brought to dishonour That delight in my hurt. 3 Let them be turned back by reason of their shame That say Aha, Aha. 4 Let all those that seek thee re- joice and be glad in thee ; [And] let such as love thy salva- tion say continually, 158 DEUTEROGKAPHS. Ps. 40. {Continued.) The Lord be magnified. 17 But I am poor and needy; T)ie Lord thinketh upon me : Thou art my help and my de- liverer ; Make no tarrying, my God. Ps. 70. {Continued.') Let God be magnified. 5 But I am poor and needy ; Make haste iinto me, God : Thou art my help and my de- liverer ; Make no tarrying, Losd. Ps. 14. For the Chief Musician. A Fsahn of David. 1 The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, . . they have done abominable icorks ; There is none that doeth good. 2 I7te Lord looked down from hea- ven u^jon the children of men, To see if there were any that did understand, That did seek after God. 3 They are all gone aside ; they are together become filthy ; There is none that doeth good, no, not one. 4 Have [all] the workers of iniquity no knowledge ? Who eat up my people as they eat bread, • And call not upon the Lord. 5 There were they in great fear : [For God is in the generation of the righteous.] 6 Ye put to shame the counsel of the poor, Because the Lord is his refuge. 7 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion ! When the Lord bringeth back the captivity of his people. Then shall Jacob rejoice, and Israel shall be glad. I Ps. 53. For the Chief Musician ; set to Maha- 1 lath. Maschal of David. [ 1 The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, [and] they have done abominable iniquity ; There is none that doeth good. 2 God looked down from hea- ven upon the children of men, To see if there were any that did understand, That did seek after God. 3 Every one of them is gone hack; they are together become filthy ; There is none that doeth good, no, not one. 4 Have . . the workers of iniquity no knowledge ? Who eat up my people as they eat bread, And call not upon God. 5 There were they in great fear, [where no fear was : For God hath scattered the bones of him that encampeth against thee ;] Thou hast put them to shame, Because God hath rejected them. 6 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion ! When God bringeth back the captivity of his people, Then shall Jacob rejoice, and Israel shall be glad. Ps. 115. 4 Tlieir idols are silver and gold. The work of men's hands. 5 They have mouths, but they speak not ; Ps. 135. 15 The idols [of the nations] are silver and gold. The work of men's hands. 16 They have mouths, but they speak not ; APPENDIX VII. 159 Ps. 115. (Continued.) Eyes have they, but they see not ; 6 Tliey l.ave ears, but they lioar not ; [Noses have they, but they smell not ; 7 They have hands, but they handle not ; Feet have they, but they vealk not ;] Neither speak they through their throat. 8 They tiiat make them shall be like unto them ; Yea, every one that trusteth in them. 9 0. . . Israel, trust thmi in the Lord : [He istheir help and their shield.] 10 house of Aaron, trust ye in the Lord : [He is their help and their shield.] 11 Ye that fear the Lord, trust in the Lord : [He istheir help and their shield.] Ps. 135. (Continued.) Eyes have they, but they see not ; 17 They have ears, but they hear not ; Neither is there any breath in their mouths. 18 They that make them shall be like unto them ; Yea, every one that trusteth in them. 19 [house of] Israel, hless ye the Lord: house of Aaron, bless ye the Lord : 20 [0 house ofLevi,blessye the Lord:] Ye that fear the Lord, bless ye the Lord. VII. The Earlier and Later Parts of Isaiah. The passages below show marks of relationship between the two main divisions of Isaiah, but in themselves they afford no substantial evidence for or against identical authorship. There are marked resemblances between certain passages in the early division : see, for example, chapters 10. 23 and 28. 22 ; also chaps. 20. 17 and 32. 15. In the second division there are more numerous resemblances : compare chaps. 40. 10 and 62. 11 ; 41. 17, i8 and 43. 19, 21 ; 42. 6, 7 and 49. 8, 9 ; 46. 13 and 51. 5; 48. 22 and 52. 21. Isa. 11. 6-9. 6 And the wolf shall dwell icith the lamb, [and the leopard shall lie down with the kid ; and the calf and the young lion and the fat- ling together ; and a little child 7 shall lead them. And the cow and the bear shall feed ; their Isa. 65. 25. 25 The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, i6o DEUTEEOGRAPHS. Isa. 11. 6-9, (Continued.) young ones shall lie down to- gether :] and tlie lion shall cat straw like the ox 8 [And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand 9 on the basilisk's den.] They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain Isa. 65. 25. {Continued.) . and the lion shall eat straw like the ox : [and dust shall be the serpent's meat.] .... '. .' .' .' .' '. .' *. ". 'They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain [saith the Lord], Isa. 35. 10. 10 And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come with singing unto Zion ; and ever- lasting joy shall be upon their heads : they shall obtain glad- ness and joy, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away. Isa. 51. II. 11 And the ransomed of tlie Lord shall return, and come with singing unto Zion ; and ever- lasting joy shall be upon their heads : they shall obtain glad- ness and joy, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away. Isa. 2. 20. 20 In that day a man shall cast away his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made for him to worship, to the moles and to the bats. Isa. 31. 7. 7 In that day they shall cast away every man his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made unto you for a sin. VIII. Isaiah and Micah. The relationship between Isaiah and his contemporary Micah is of a deeply interesting character. It is bj' no means confined to the passage given below. Compare, for example, Isa. 26. 21 with Mic. 1. 3 ; Isa. 58. I with Mic. 3. 8 ; Isa. 25. 8 with Mic. 6. 16 ; also compare Isa. 10. 21 with Mic. 5. 3, 7, 8, noting two different words for 'remnant.' Both pro- phets also sp(;ak of the Babylonian captivity (Isa. 39. 5 and Mic. 4. io\ In comparing the texts below, the variations prove to be akin to those whi{ Sibmah : I will water thee with my tears, OHeshbon, and Elealeh : for upon tliy summer fruits and upon thy harvest the liattle shout 10 is fallen. And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the fruitful field ; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither joy- ful noise: no treader sliall tread out wine in the presses : I have made the vintage shout to cease. 11 Wherefore my bowels sound like an harp for Moab, and mine invrard parts for Kir-heres. Jer. 48. 43, 44. •13 Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, inhabitant of Moab, [saith the Lord.] . . . ii He that fleeth from the fear shall fall into the pit ; and he that getteth up out of the pit shall be taken in the snare : for I %dll bring upon her, even upon Moab, the year of their visitation, sailh thfi Loud. Isa. 24. 17, 18. 17 Fear, and the pit, and llie snare, are upon thee, O inhabitants of 18 the earth [And it shall come to pass, that] he H-ho fleeth from 1 the noise of] the fear shall fall into the pit ; and he that comeih up out of the [midst of the] pit shall be taken in the snare : for the ivindoiva on high are opened, and the foundations of the earth do shake. Jer. 50. 39, 40. 39 Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wolves shall dwell there, and the ostriches shall dwell therein : and it shall l)e no more inhabited for ever ; neither shall it be dwelt in from genera- tion to generation Isa. 13. 19-22. 19 And Babylon, the glory of king- doms, the beauty of the Chaldeans' pride, shall be as when God over- 20 threw Sodom and Gomorrah. It shall never be inhabited, neitlnn- shall it be dwelt in from genera- tion to generation : [neither shall ^i 3 i66 DEUTEROGEAPHS. Jer. 50. 39, 40. {Continued.) 40 As when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour cities tliereof, saitli tlae Lord ; so sliall no man dwell there, neither shall any son of man sojourn therein. Isa. 13. ig-22. {Continued.) the Arabian pitch tent there ; neither shall shepherds make their flocks to lie down there.] 21 But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there ; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures ; and ostriches shall dwell thei'e, and satyrs shall dance there. 22 And wolves sliall cry in their castles, and jackals in the {pleasant palaces. Seeing that .Jeremiah exhibits such a familiar acquaintance with the First Division of the Book of Isaiah, the question rises whether we can trace any relationship between his writings and the Second Division. For this purpose Jer. 10. 3-5 may be compared with Isa. 40. 18, &c., and 44. 11, &c., also compare Jer. 11. 19 with Isa. 53. 7 ; Jer. 32. 40 with Isa. 55. 3 ; -Jer. 31. 2 with Isa. 63. 14 ; Jer. 33. 3 with Isa. 48. 6. Jeremiah is either himself a Psalmist or else a free quoter from the Psalms. Thus we have : — Jer. 10. 13. 13 [When he uttereth his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens,] [And] he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth ; Hemaketh lightningsfor the rain, And bringeth forth the wind out of his ti'easuries. Ps. 135. 7. . . . He causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth ; Hemaketh lightningsforthe rain ; He bringeth forth the wind out of his treasuries. Jer. 10. 25. 25 Pour out thy fxrij upon the heathen that know thee not, And upon the fmnilies that call not on thy name : For they have devoured .Jacob, [Yea, they have devoui'ed him and consumed him,] And laid waste his habitation. Ps. 79. 6, 7. Pour out thy %rrath upon the heathen that know thee not. And upon the kingdoms that call not upon thy name. 7 For they have devoured Jacob, And laid waste his habitation. So also Jer. 15. 15 : ' For thy sake I have suffered reproach' ; compare Ps. 35. 7. Jer. 18. 20 : 'They have digged a pit for my soul' ; compare Ps. 35. 7. Jer. 51. 58 : 'The people shall labour in vain, and tiie folk in the fire ; and they shall be weary' ; comiiare Hab. 2. 13. APPENDIX X. 167 Jer. 49. 71-6. 7 Thus saith the Lord of hosts : Is wisdom no more in Teman ? is counsel perished from the pru- dent ? is their wisdom vanished ? 8 Flee ye, turn back, dwell deep, inhabitants of Dedan ; for I will bring the calamity of Esau upon him, the time that I shall visit him. 9 If grapegathorers came to thee, would they not leave some glean- ing grapes? if thieves by night, would they not dosti-oy till they 10 had enough ? But I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, and ho shall not be able to hide hiuisi'If: his seed is spoiled, and his ))rethren, and his neighbours, and he is not. 11 [Leave thy fatherless children, 1 will 2'1'esei-ve them alive ; and let thy widows trust in me.] 12 For thus saith the Lord : Behold, they to whom it pertained not to drink of the cup shall assuredly drink ; and art thou he that shall altogether go unpunished ? thou shalt not go unpunished, but 13 thou shalt surely drink. [For I have sworn by myself, saith the Lord, that Bozrah shall be- come an astonishment, a i-eproach, a waste, and a curse ; and all the cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes.] 14 / have heard tidings from the Lord, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying. Gather your- selves together, and come against her, and rise up to the battle. 15 For, behold, I have made thee small among the nations, and 16 despised among men. As for thy terriblenoss, the pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that boldest the height of the hill : though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the Lord. Obadiah. 8 Shall I not in that day, saith the Lord, destroy the wise men out of Edom, and understanding y out of the mount of Esau ? And thy mighty men, Teman, shall be dismayed, to the end tiiat every one may be cut off from the mount of Esau by slaughter. 5 If thieves came to thee, if robbers by night, ihow art thou cut off!) would they not steal till they had enough ? if grape- gatherers came to thee, would they not leave some gleaning 6 grapes? How is Esau searched out ! how are h is hi dden treasures sought up ! 16 For as ye have drunk upon my holy mountain, so shall all the nations drink continually, yea, they shall drink, and swallow down, and shall be as though they iiad not been. 1 [The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord God con- cerning Edom :] We have heard tidings from the Lord, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying, Ai'ise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle. 2 Behold, I have made thee small among the nations : thou art 3 greatly despised. The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high ; that saith in liis heart. Who shall bring me down to the 4 ground? Though thou mount on liigh as the eagle, and though thy nest be set among the stars, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the Lord. i68 DEUTEROGRAPHS. XI. The Genealogies. The perplexities of the Biblical Genealogies have frequently been discussed. The late Bishop Lord Arthur Hervey gave much attention to them. (See especially his last small work on the Book of Chronicles, S. P. C. K.) The lists in the first chapter of the Chronicles are chiefly to to be found in Gen. 10, 11, 25, and 36 ; the changes in spelling being of the same character as those which have been noticed elsewhere. The Edomite list (,Gen. 36. 31-43) must be in part at least a later addition to the book ; but it is reproduced as it stands by the Chronicles. Saul's genealogy is inserted twice, viz. i Chron. 8. 29-38 and 0. 35-44. Although identical in substance the copies vary in spelling. Thus we have Zacher and Zachariah, Shimeah and Shimeam, Jehoadah and .Tar.ah, Rapha and Rei>haiah. Each also has one name which is not in the other. Samuel's genealogy and family is also inserted twice in the same chapter i Chron. 6. 22-28 and 33 38. The one list is traced down from Kohath to Samuel's sons ; the second is traced up from Samuel's sons to Kohath's grandfather Jacob. It is to be noticed that Samuel was an Ephrathite (i. e. Ephraimite) by Jiabitation, though a Levite by birth. On arranging the names in pai'allel lines the result is as follows : — . . . . . . . . [Israel] Kohath .... Amniinadab Korah .... [Assir] .... [Elkanah] .... Ebiasaph .... Assir ..... Tahath .... Uriel ..... Uzziah .... Shmd ..... Elkanah .... Amasai .... Ahimoth .... Elkanah .... Zojjltai .... Naliath .... EUab ..... .Jeroham .... Elkanah .... Samuel .... . . . The firstborn [ ] [ . . . And the second Abiah] [Levi] Kohath Izliar (Num. 16. i) Korah Ebiasaph Assir Tahath ZepJiuniah Azariah Joel Elkanah Amasai Mahaih Elkanah ZiqyJi Toah (ToJiu, i Sam. 1. i^ Eliel {Eliku, I Sam. 1. i) Jeroham Elkanah Samuel Joel ;,see i Sam. 8. 2) Heman All tlie difficulties with whi(;h we are familiar in connexion with our Lord's genealogy are to be ijarallelled in these Old Testament lists. INDEX OF TEXTS Genesis — PAGE 1 Joshua (conf.)— PAGE 1 2 Samuel (conf. 1— PAGE 27. 29 . . . . 145 15. 13-19 . . 148 23. 8-13 . 27 4y. 9 .... 145 1.= . 63 .... 148 23. 14-21. 28 49. 26. . . . 145 91 \ 145, 150 ^^ • • • 1 151, 152 23. 22-39. 29 24. 1-4 30 Exodus — 23. 14 .... 145 24. 5-13 • 31 14. 13. . . . 145 24. 14-17 32 15. 2, II . 145 Judges — 24. 18-25 33 17. 8 . . XXV 1 148 24. 25 . 34 20. 2-10 . 146 2 149 20. 11-17 147 I Kings — 32. 13 . XXV I Samuel — 2. 3 .... 121 34 . . xxiv 10. 25 . . . . 121 2. 10, II . 34 15. 2 . . . . xxv 3.4 . 35 Leviticus — 31. 1-7 .. . I 3. 5-13 36 20. 5, 6 . . . 144 31. 8-13 ... 2 3. 14, 15 5.1,2. 37 37 Numkers — 2 Samuel — 5. 3-6. 38 10. 35 . . . . 145 5. 1-9. . . . 3 5. 7-9 . 39 14. 18 . . XX I V 5. 10-17 • 4 5. 10-16 40 14. 24 . . 148 5. 18-25 5 5. 17-18 41 21. 27-29 164 6. 1-6 . . 6 6. 1-3 . 41 24. 9 . . 145 6. 7-13 7 6. 14-22 42 6. i4~i8 8 6. 23-33 43 Deuteronomy — 6. 20 . 9 c. 34-38 44 1. 36 . . . . 148 7. i-io 12 7. 13-16 44 5. 6-14 146 7. 11-20 . 13 7. 17-24 • 45 5. 15-21 147 7. 21-28 14 7. 25-27 • 46 23. 3-5 XXV 7. 29 . 15 7. 38, 39 . 46 24. 16 . . xxiv 8. 1-6. 15 7. 40-49 47 25. 17 . . xxv 8. 7-14 • 16 7. 50, 51 48 28. 37 . . 58 8. 15-18 17 8. 1-4 . . 48 29. 24-26 . 58 10. 1-3 17 8. 5-10 • 49 30. 3, 4 . xxv 10. 4-11 18 8. 11-20 50 31. 9 . 121 10. 12-19 19 8. 21-25 51 32.7 . • 145 11. II, 12 20 8. 26-33 52 32. 36 . • 145 12. 27-31 20 8. 34-41 • 53 32. 39 . • 144 21. 18-21 21 8. 42-49 ■ 54 33. 16 . • 145 22. 1-8 . 22 8. 50-56 • 55 22. 9-20 23 8.56 . • 145 Joshua — 22. 21-33 24 8. 57-64 . 56 1. 7-9. . . . 145 22. 34-44 • 25 8. 65, 66 ■ 57 <>. 25 . . XXV 22. 45 51 . 26 9. 1-3 . • 57 170 DEUTEEOGEAPHS. I Kings {cont.) — PAGE 2 Kings {cont.) — page 1 Chron. {cont.) — TACE 9. 4-9 . . . . 58 18. 1-3 . . . loi 11. 10-15 • . 27 9. 10-17 . . . 59 18. 48 . . 102 11. 16-23 • . 28 9. 18 25 . . . 60 18. 13 . . . 102 11. 24-41 29 9. 26 28 . . . 61 18. 14-18 . 103 11. 42-47 . • 30 10. i-io . . . 62 18. 19-25 . 104 13. 5-9 . • 6 10. 11-17 • • 63 18. 26-32 105 13. 10-14 7 10. 18-25 . . 64 18. 33-37 ■ 106 14. 1-8 . . 4 10. 26-29 • • 65 19, 1-3 . . 106 14. 9-16 . . 5 11. 41 . . . . 65 19. 4-11 . . 107 15. 25-26 7 11. 42, 43 • • 66 19. 12-20 108 15. 27-29 8 12. 1-9 .. . 66 19. 21 29 109 16. 1-3 , . 8 12. 10-16 . . 67 19- 30-37 • 110 16. 7-17 . . 9 12. 17-24 . . 68 20. 15 . . III 16. 18-30 . 10 14. 21-25 • • 69 20. 6-11 . . 112 16. 31-36 . 11 14. 26-30 70 20. 12-17 . "3 16. 43 • • • 9 14. 31 . . . . 71 20. 18-21 114 17. 1-9 12 15. 1-5 .. . 71 21. 18 . . "5 17. 10-18 . 13 15. 6-11 . . . 72 21. 9-16 . . ii6 17. 19-26 14 15. 13-17 . . 73 21. 17 , . . 117 17.27. . . 15 15. 18-22 . . 74 21. 18-26 . 118 18. 1-6 . . 15 15. 23, 24 . . 75 22. 1-7 . . 119 18. 7-13 . • 16 16. 34. . . . XXV 22. 8-13 . . 120 18. 14-17 . 17 22. i-io . . . 76 22. 14-18 . 121 19. 1-3 . . 17 22. 11-19 . . 77 22. 19, 20 . 122 19. 4-12 . . 18 22. 20-30 . . 78 23. 1-3 . . 122 19. 13-19 . • 19 22. 31-37 . . 79 23. 21-24 123 20. 1-3 . . 20 22. 41-49 80 23. 25-27 . 124 20. 4-8 . . 21 22.50. . . 81 23. 28 . . 125 21, 1-4 , . 30 23. 29, 30 124 21. 5-12 . . • 31 2 Kings— 23. 31-34 125 21. 13-17 • • 32 8. 16, 17 . . 81 23. 35-37 126 21. 18-26 . • 33 8. 18-24 ■ • 82 24. I, 2 . 126 21. 27-30 . ■ 34 8. 25-29 . . 83 24.3-9 • 127 22. 12, 13 . • 145 9. 27, 28 . . 84 24. 10-17 128 28. 20 . . . • 145 11. I, 2 . . 84 24. 18-20 129 29. 26-28 . • 34 11.3-7 • . 85 25. 1-3 . 129 29. 29, 30. . ■ 35 11. 8-14 . . 86 25. 4-8 . 130 11. 15 19 . • 87 25. 9 16 . 131 2 Chronicles — 11. 20, 21 88 25. 17-21 132 1.1-5. • • 35 12. 1-4 . . 88 25. 22-24 133 1.612 . . • 36 12. 5-1 1 . . 89 25. 25, 26 • 134 1. 13 . . . • 37 12. 12-20 90 25. 27 30 • 135 1. 14-17 . . . 65 12.21. . . 91 2. 1-3 . . . • 37 14. 1-4 . . 91 1 Chronicles — 2.4-9. . . . 38 U.5,6 . \^ xxiv 2, 121 1 . . . 6. 22-28 . 168 . 168 2. 10-14 • 2. 15-18 . . • 39 • 40 14. 7-9 . . • 93 6. 33-38 . . 168 3. 1-4 . • 41 14. 10-14 • 94 0. 54-60 . . 150 3. 5-8 . . 42 14. 17, 18 . • 94 6. 61-71 • 151 3. 9-13 . • 43 14. 19 22 • 95 6. 72-81 • 152 3. 14-16 . 44 15. 1-4 . . • 95 8. 29-38 . 168 3. 17 . . • 45 15. 5, 6 . . • 96 9. 2-6 . • 153 4.1-3. • • 45 15. 7 . . . • 97 9. 7-14 • J54 4. 4 9. . . 46 15. 32-35 . • 97 9. 15-22 ■ 155 4. 10-20 . • 47 15. 36-38 . . 98 '■>. 35-44 . 168 4. 21, 22 . . . 48 16. 1-3 . . . 98 10. 1-7 I 5. 1 . . . 48 16. 4-8 . . • 99 10. 8-14 2 5. 25. . . 48 16, 9 17 . . 100 11. 1-7 3 5. 6-13 . • 49 16, 18-20 . . lOI 11. 8, 9 4 5. 14 . . . . 50 INDEX OF TEXTS. 371 2 Chron. {cont.) — PACE 2 Chron. {amt.) — PAGE Ezra (cont.) — pacr 6. i-io . . . 50 25. 1, 2 . . 91 3. I .... 140 6. 11-16 . . . 51 25. 3-10 . . 92 6. 17-24 . . . 52 25. 11-18 93 Neiiemiah — 6. 25 32 . . . 53 25. 19-26 . 94 1. 8, 9 . . . XXV 6. 33-39 • • • 54 25. 27-29 95 7. 5-8 . 136 6. 40-42 . . . 55 26. 1-4 . . 95 7. 9-44 137 7. 1-3 . . . 55 26. 16-22 96 7. 45-59 138 7.4-7. • • 56 26. 23 . . . 97 7. 60-71 139 7. 8-10 . . 57 27. 1-5 . . 97 7. 72, 73 140 7. 11-13 . . 57 27. 6-9 . . 98 8. I . 140 7. 14-22 . . 58 28. 1-3 . . 98 11. 3-5 153 8. 1-4 . . . 59 28. 4 . . . 99 11. 6-16 154 8.5-13 • • 60 28. i6-2i . 99 11. 17-22 155 8. 14-18 . . 61 28. 22-25 100 11. 23,24 156 9. 1-9 . . . 62 28. 26, 27 . 101 13. 1, 2 XXV 9. 10-16 . . 63 29. I, 2 . . 101 9. 17 24 . . 64 32. 1, 2 . . 102 Job — 9. 29 . . . 65 32.3-9 . . 103 1. 21 . . . . 144 9. 30, 31 . . 66 32. 7 . . . 145 3. 3, 11 144 10. 1-9 .. . 66 32. 10-13 104 4. 3, 4 144 10. 10-16 . 67 32. 14 t6 . 105 4. 8 . 144 10. 17-19 . . 68 32. 17 . . . 107 5. 14 . 144 11. 1-4 . . 68 32. 18-20. . 108 5. 17 . 144 12. 1-5 .. . 69 32. 21, 22 110 5. 18 . 144 12. 6-12 . . 70 32. 23, 24 . III 11. 18, 19 144 12. 13, 14 • . 69 32. 25-29 . "3 12. 25 . 144 12. 15 . . . 70 32. 30-33 • 114 15. 35 . 144 12. 16 . . . 71 33. 1-8 . . 115 18. 5, 6 144 13. I, 2 . . 71 33. 9-13 . . 116 19. 13, 14 144 13. 21, 22. 72 33. 14-19 117 21. 17. 144 14. 1-3 . . 72 33. 20-25 118 28. 28 . 144 14.4,5 • . 73 34. I, 2 . . 119 15. 16-19. • 73 34. 8-1 I . . 119 Psalms — 10. 1 . . . 73 34. 12-21 . 120 1. 2 .... 145 16. 2-9 .. 7 4- 145 34. 22-26 121 14 . . 158 16. 10 14 . 75 34. 27-31 122 18 . 22 17. I . . . 75 34. 32, 33 . 123 28.5 • 144 18. 1-9 . . 76 35. I . . . 123 35. 7 . 166 18. 10-18 . 77 35. 18, 19 . 123 40 . . 157, 158 18. 19-29 78 35. 20-24 124 53 . . 158 18. 30-34 • 79 35. 25-27 . 125 57 . • 156 19. r . . . 79 36. 1-4 . . 125 60 . • 157 20. 17 . . . 145 36.5-7 . . 126 68. I • 145 20. 31-37 • 80 36. 8, 9 . . 127 70 . • 157, 158 21. 1-5 . . 81 36. 10. . . 128 72. 8 • 145 21. 6-10 . . 82 36. 11-13 . 129 77.5 • 145 21. 18-20 . 82 36. 14-17 130 79. 6 . 166 22. 1-6 . . 83 36. 18 20 . 131 79. 10 • 145 22. 7-1 I . . . 84 36. 21 . . 132 86. 8, 10 • 145 22. 12. . . 85 36. 22, 23 . 135 88. 8, 18 • 144 23. 1-6 . . 85 96 . . 10 23. 7-13 . . . 86 Ezra — 98.3 • • 144 23. 14-20 . • 87 1. I. 2 . . 135 105 9 23. 21 . . . 88 1. 3 • . . . 136 106 . 11 24. 1-5 . . . 88 2. 1-3 . . . 136 108 . • 156 24. 6-12 . . . 89 2. 4-41 . . • 137 111. 10 • 144 24. 13, 14 . . 90 2. 42-57 . . 138 115 . . 158 24. 23-25 . 90 2. 58-69 . . 139 118. 14 • 145 24. 26, 27 . 91 2. 70 . . . . 140 135 . 158 172 DEUTEKOGRAPHS. Psalms {conL) — page Isaiah (cont.) — PAGE Jeremiah (cont.) — page 135. 7 .... 166 53. 7 . . . 166 52 ... . 129, 135 135. 14 . . . 145 55. 3 • • • 166 52. 21 . . . . 44 58. I . . . 160 Proverbs — 59. 4 . . . 144 EZEKIEL — 3. II . . . . 144 59. 10. . . 144 7. 19 . . . . 144 9. 10 144 63. 14 . . . 166 18. 2 . . . . 144 13. 9 144 65. 25 . . . 159 34. 28 . . . . 144 15. 3 145 20. 20 144 Jeremiah — HOSEA — 24. 23 144 6. 13-15 . . 162 4. 9 .... 143 8. 10-12 . 162 10. 13 . . . . 144 ECCLESIASTES 10.3-5 . . 166 5. 15 . . . . 144 10. 12-16 . 162 Joel — 10. 13. . . 166 2. 13 . . . . 145 Isaiah — 10. 25 . . . 166 2. 17 . . . . 145 2. 2-5 . . . . 161 11. 19. . . 166 2. 32 . . . . 143 2. 20 . . 160 11.20. . . 162 3. 16 . . . . 145 5. 12 . . 144 15. 15 . . . 166 10. 21 . . 160 16. 14, 15 . 163 Obadiah . . . 167 11. 6-9 . 159 18. 20 . . . 166 11. 10. . 144 20. 12 . . . 162 Jonah — 12. 2 . . 145 20. 14 . . . 144 4. 2 .... 145 13.19-22. S ^ ^+3 ^ 165, 166 23. 5-8 . . 23. 6 . . . 163 162 Micah — 14. I . . . . 143 23. 19, 20 . 162 1. 3 .... 160 16. 6-1 I . 164 24. 8-10 . . 162 3. 8 . 160 17. 2 . . 144 25. 30 . . . 145 3. 12 . XXV 19. 14 144 26. 18. . . 161 4.1-4. 161 24. 2 143 29. 17-19 . 162 4.4 . 144 24. 17, I a" 165 30. 10, II . 162 4. 10 . 160 25.8 160 30. 23, 24 . 162 5.3-8. 160 26. 21 160 31. 2 . . . 166 6. 16 . 160 31. 7 160 31.29. • • 144 35. 3 144 32. 40 . . . 166 Nahum — 35. 10 160 33. 3 . . . 166 1. 15 . . . . 143 36 . 102 33. 14-16. . it )2, 163 2. I .... 143 37 . 37.32 106 40 ... . 41 ... . 133 Habakkuk — 143 134 2. 13 . . . . 166 2. 14 . . . . 144 38 . III 46. 27, 28 162 39 . "S 48. 29-36 164 39. 5 160 48. 43, 44 . 165 Zephaniah — 40. 18 166 48. 45, 46 . . 164 1. 18 . . . . 144 2. 15 . . . . 143 3. 13 . . . . 144 44. II 47. 8 166 143 49. 7-16 . . 49. 19-21 167 163 48. 6 166 50.39. . . 165 51.3 143 50. 40 . . . 166 Zechariah - 51. 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