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THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 OF EAST AND WEST 
 
 OR 
 
 IS THE DAWN APPEARING 
 
 BY 
 ROBERT CHRISTY TOTTEN 
 
 A Discovery in Bible Symbolism 
 
 1907 
 
 THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
Copyright 1907 by 
 Robert C. Totten 
 
 Entered av Stationers' Hall, London^ 
 
 1907 
 
 BY Egbert C. Totten 
 
 All Bights Reserved 
 
 for sale in France and Germany, including also 
 
 the rights of translation into all languages 
 
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. 
 
 De Oulncy suggests that, *' He who reveals a 
 body of truth to a candid and willing auditory 
 is content with the grand simplicities of truth 
 in the quality of his proofs. And truth when 
 it happens to be of a high order is generally 
 its ow^n witness to all wdio approach it in the 
 spirit of childlike docility." It is hoped that 
 you, the Reader, whether you be Protestant, 
 Roman Catholic, or Hebrew, will approach this 
 book in this spirit. This is in no sense a de- 
 nominational Book, and has to do only with 
 Historical and Geographical facts. Scientific men 
 ask for facts. Here are Geographical and His- 
 torical facts proving the Inspiration of the Scrip- 
 tures and the doctrine of the Atonement. 
 
 R. C. T. 
 Pittsburg, January i6th, 1907. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 There are Seven Holy Places mentioned in 
 the Scriptures. These seven places in their order, 
 extending" from Genesis to Revelation are: 
 
 Garden of Eden 
 
 Bethel 
 
 The Tabernacle 
 
 Holy Land 
 
 The Temple 
 
 Holy City 
 
 The New Jerusalem 
 
 It is characteristic of all these places that they 
 were so located with reference to East and West 
 that those who departed from them went with 
 their faces to the East and those who entered 
 them, entered with their faces to the West. The 
 discovery set forth in this book is, that taken 
 with these facts, the prophecy in the last Chapter 
 of the Old Testament that " The Sun of Right- 
 eousness should arise with healing in His wings," 
 has been fulfilled in the past, and is being ful- 
 filled in the present in the spread of the gospel 
 from East to West; that this progress has been 
 strictly on longitudinal lines, that the circuit is 
 nearly completed, and that " The Dawn is ap- 
 pearing." 
 
CHAPTER ONE 
 
 THE GARDEN OF EDEN 
 
 Genesis 2, 8 to 12. 
 
 " And the Lord planted a garden eastward in Eden ; 
 and there He put the man whom He had formed. 
 
 " And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow 
 every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for 
 food ; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, 
 and the tree of Knowledge of good and evil. 
 
 " And a river went out of Eden to water the garden ; 
 and from, thence it parted and became four heads. 
 
 " The name of the first is Pison, that is it which com- 
 passeth the whole land of Hivalah, where there is gold. 
 
 " And the gold of that land is good, there is Bdellium 
 and the onyx stone." 
 
 Genesis 3, 24. 
 " So He drove out the man ; and He placed at the east 
 of the garden of Eden Cherubim, and a flaming sword 
 which turned every way to keep the way of the tree of 
 life." 
 
THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 OF EAST AND WEST 
 
 CHAPTER ONE 
 
 THE GARDEN" OF EDEN 
 
 THE description of Eden as given in the 
 opening Chapter of Genesis carries with 
 it the con\-iction that the author of it had 
 in mind a ver}- detinite locality-. It had a river 
 to water it, with four streams flowing probably 
 in different directions — it was not without its 
 gold and precious stones, in all these respects 
 answering to the description of the Paradise of 
 the Revelation with its golden streets and walls 
 and gates of precious stones. It was not want- 
 ing in " every tree that is pleasant to the sight 
 and good for food," and just as in that upper 
 and better country- — there was the " tree of life 
 which bare twelve manner of fruits." But with 
 all this fulness of description there is nothing 
 whereby we can localize it. It is not bounded 
 on the north or on the south or on the west : and 
 yet strange to say it is expressly narrated that 
 
 9 
 
lo THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 the Garden was " eastward in Eden," and that 
 when Adam and Eve were driven out on account 
 of their sin of unbehef and disobedience, it is 
 definitely recorded that the Lord God, " placed 
 at the East of the Garden of Eden, Cherubim, 
 and a flaming sword which turned every way, 
 to keep the way of the tree of life." 
 
 In the very beginning then of the history of 
 our race the East becomes the objective quarter. 
 No mention is made of the other points of the 
 compass, suggesting the idea of design on the 
 part of the Holy Spirit by wdiom the revelation 
 w^as given. If design be a good evidence in 
 the argument for proving the existence of an 
 Intelligent and Wise Creator, w^here we are con- 
 sidering the works that He has made, is it not 
 equally a good evidence in proving the authen- 
 ticity and inspiration of the Revelation which 
 the Holy Spirit has given, and if it is found 
 to be true that this idea of the East, as an ob- 
 jective point runs through the Scriptures, woven 
 into their warp and woof, like a golden thread 
 from Genesis to Revelation; will it not tend to 
 confirm our faith in the revealed truth that the 
 one w^ho gave this Revelation, saw the " end 
 from the beginning?" 
 
 Professor Tayler Lewis has suggested that 
 Jehovah might have written the revelation of 
 Himself and of the duty required of man, in 
 shining letters upon the blue vault of the heaven 
 
OF EAST AND WEST ii 
 
 above us, and it would seem, as the further study 
 of our subject will show, that although the Holy 
 Spirit has chosen to make this Revelation mainly 
 through the words of Holy men " who spoke as 
 they were moved by the Holy Spirit," that He 
 has also written it in what might be termed the 
 wonderful arrangement and location of cities and 
 lands and even buildings, and in the movements 
 of men and nations. 
 
 But to return to the location of Eden and its 
 gate upon its eastern boundary, through which 
 our sad progenitors were driven bearing their 
 guilt and shame. The suggestion of a gate 
 carries with it that of a walled enclosure. Mil- 
 ton very beautifully suggests that there was 
 really what we would call a hedge, but composed 
 of trees of magnificent proportions. 
 
 " Verduous walls of Paradise." 
 
 The way of return was prevented by the 
 Cherubim a name that we do not meet with again 
 in the Scripture until we come to the description 
 of the Holy of Holies in the newly erected Tab- 
 ernacle, and strange to say we find them there in 
 precisely the same position so far as the East is 
 concerned, and in connection with a " luminous 
 presence " of Jehovah very suggestive of this 
 ** flaming sword which turned every w^ay " at the 
 eastern entrance to Eden. May we not say too, 
 that there also they were guarding an entrance, 
 
12 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 for no one but the High Priest and he but once 
 a year might enter the Holy of HoUes and " not 
 without blood, which he offered for himself, and 
 for the errors of the people; the Holy Ghost 
 thus signifying that the way into the holiest of 
 all was not yet manifest;" just as the Cherubim 
 and the flaming sword at the gate of Eden clearly 
 showed that the way to the tree of life was 
 barred against the unbelieving and the disobe- 
 dient. 
 
 f_How long Adam and Eve and their pp6s- 
 ^rity remained in view of the Cherubim and" the 
 flaming sword is not revealed. 
 Keble beautifully suggests, 
 
 " Therefore in sight of man bereft, 
 
 The happy garden still was left 
 The fiery sword that guarded, showed it too, 
 
 Turning all ways, the world to teach. 
 That though, as yet beyond our reach. 
 
 Still in its place the tree of life and glory grew." 
 
 Farther along in the history it is said of Cain, 
 " And Cain went out from the presence of the 
 Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod on the East 
 V-^^M^i Carra:aii." The *' presence of the Lord " nat- 
 urally suggests the heavenly appearances and 
 the shining sword, and no doubt any revelations 
 Adam received as to the offering of sacrifices 
 were given to him in this Presence. While 
 there was that " fear of the Lord which is the 
 beginning of Wisdom," that led him now to de- 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 13 
 
 sire to obey all the commands which he was 
 given under his new circumstances, there was 
 also that natural fear of the great unknown that 
 lay in unexplored stretches beyond hirn, ever to- 
 ward the East, which no doubt resulted in his 
 remaining where the " presence of the Lord " 
 could be seen. Not so with Cain. After the 
 slaying of his brother, the " presence of the 
 Lord " was a far more fearful thing than the 
 howling w^astes of the unknown country that 
 lay beyond him. To him " God had become a 
 consuming fire," and he was prepared to bear 
 any danger rather than abide His presence; and 
 he therefore went still farther east, where the 
 Cherubim and the flaming sword could not re- 
 mind him of his Judge. 
 
 Although we cannot in any way discover the 
 boundaries of Eden, it is very evident from the 
 history we have been considering that it was a 
 definite portion of our globe, and that the world 
 to the east of it w^as of sufficient extent to con- 
 tain the populations of the globe for two thou- 
 sand years or until the time of Noah. That the 
 East thus became the reverse of Eden, or that 
 which was west of its Eastern Gate, and that 
 not only in a symbolical sense, but also a real 
 one the farther men went like Cain, in this di- 
 rection, the farther they removed from good in- 
 fluences, and the more they expressed a desire 
 to flee from the " presence of the Lord." Al- 
 
14 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 though God was never without a witness among 
 them and ahvays had a people to serve Him, 
 yet men became more and more worshipers of 
 idols. The continued cry of Noah and all who 
 like him had a message from Jehovah, was to 
 repent of their wanderings and to return to Him 
 and He would have mercy upon them, and the 
 certainty of His fulfilling His promises, and of 
 the immutability of His purposes, He has left 
 on record not only in the Scriptures but has also 
 symbolically stamped it upon the very face of 
 nature. 
 
 For we must not forget that however impos- 
 sible it is for men to locate the bounds of Eden 
 " all things are possible with God," and it is 
 only reasonable to suppose that He not only 
 knows the present bounds of Eden, but it is not 
 irreverent even, to believe that these bounds have 
 more than once been the scene of many a won- 
 derful manifestation, that in the ages to come 
 will, attract the wondering attention of the Saints. 
 If He could so order it that two thousand years 
 after Abraham offered up Isaac on Mount Mo- 
 riah, He also would cause His own Son there to 
 be offered, why should we doubt that in many 
 of the scenes that have already been enacted in 
 carrying out His promise to Eve in Eden, the 
 very locality in which the transgression was con- 
 summated, has been and will yet be, the theater 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 15 
 
 of His manifestations not only to men but to the 
 heavenly hosts as well. 
 
 The Seven Holy Places of Scripture all have 
 the Characteristic of the Garden of Eden, that 
 is they all face East. Each has its suggestions, 
 but all manifest a uniform design. Before the 
 time of our Savior, the attention of mankind was 
 directed mainly toward the East, and it was not 
 until the star that led the wise men from the 
 East, faded from sight in the more glorious ris- 
 ing of the " Sun of Righteousness," that the at- 
 tention of men was drawn to the West, and that 
 they experienced themselves and saw transpir- 
 ing before their eyes, as the influences of the gos- 
 pel spread toward the West " beginning at Je- 
 rusalem," the verification of the promised " heal- 
 ing in His wings." The healing of that old 
 wound by which the race was led away from 
 Eden toward the East. The opening of the way 
 to the *' tree of life " made free with no '' inter- 
 vening Cherubim or flaming sword. Surely 
 such an investigation challenges our attention 
 and enlists our warmest sympathies. 
 
 But we must not fail to observe that there is 
 associated with this Eastern Gate of Eden the 
 fact of sacrifice, and that this is also true of all 
 Holy places we meet with in the sacred story. 
 The account of the offering by Abel of the " first- 
 lings of his flock " implies the revelation to 
 Adam, as well as to Abel of the value of such 
 
i6 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 sacrifices and that this that Abel offered was not 
 the first. Adam had no doubt as the father of 
 the family acted also as its priest in this re- 
 spect. The sinful pride of Cain consisted in 
 ignoring an express command; in refusing to 
 obtain from his brother a lamb from his flock; 
 and in insisting on offering that which was the 
 fruit of his own toil. Thus early in the histoiy 
 of our race, we have it proclaimed and empha- 
 sized that " without the shedding of blood there 
 is no remission," and as we will see in the fur- 
 ther development of our subject every holy place, 
 is intimately connected with this idea. 
 
 But while the Gate of Eden thus stood for the 
 true worship and where the worshiper stood 
 with his back to the East, the East into which 
 Cain wandered has ever since been the represen- 
 tation of false worship. No doubt the tradition 
 of the " flaming presence " remained among 
 Cain's descendants, and in this we have perhaps 
 the. origin of that oldest of false worships, the 
 adoration of the Sun. The " High places " 
 where idol worship was first carried on were 
 chosen because there the first rays of the rising 
 Sun were seen. From the worship of the Sun 
 there naturally followed the worship of Fire, 
 as the nearest approach to the luminary of day, 
 and from the desire manifested among all heathen 
 nations to bring their Divinity as near as pos- 
 sible. It was after the worship of the Sun and 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 17 
 
 Fire that men descended to the more groveling 
 worship of *' four-footed beasts and creeping 
 things." It is a striking fact that the offerings 
 of almost all the religions of the East were fruits 
 and rice and flowers. Similar to the fruits of 
 the ground, Cain attempted to offer. 
 
CHAPTER TWO 
 
 BETHEL — HOUSE OF GOD 
 
 Genesis ii, 31. 
 
 "And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son ol 
 Haran, his son's son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his 
 son Abram's wife; and they went forth with them from 
 Ur of Chaldees, to go into the Land of Canaan; and they 
 came to Haran and dwelt there. 
 
 Genesis 12, i and 8. 
 
 " Now the Lord said to Abram, ' Get thee out of thy 
 country, and from thy kindred and from thy father's 
 house; unto a land that I will show thee.' 
 
 " And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the 
 East of Bethel, and pitched his tent, having Bethel on 
 the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an 
 Altar unto the Lord, and called upon the Name of the 
 Lord." 
 
 19 
 
CHAPTER TWO 
 
 BETHEL HOUSE OF GOD 
 
 AS we have seen Cain was the first who is 
 recorded as having- moved East of Eden 
 — while Terah and his family including 
 Abraham are the first names recorded as having 
 moved in a contrary direction. Of course it is 
 not meant that no other persons had moved in 
 this contrary direction, for Canaan itself was 
 in possession of the Canaanites, and Egypt was 
 no doubt a populous country. The object of the 
 Bible is not to give a history of the movements 
 of nations, any more than it is a treatise on the 
 movements of the planets. It has to do with 
 movements of men as affecting the Plan of Sal- 
 vation which it is given to reveal; and it is in 
 this sense that it is significant that Cain is re- 
 ferred to as moving East, and Abraham is the 
 first one who returns in the direction of the Gate 
 of Eden, that is toward the West. 
 
 Whether Abraham himself had ever worshiped 
 idols we do not know, but it was to separate 
 him from people who were worshipers of idols 
 that he was called to leave Ur of Chaldees. He 
 
 21 
 
22 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 was to be brought in such a Avay as to turn his 
 back on the Sun; the most probable worship of 
 the Eastern nations of his day. He entered 
 Canaan, the Land of promise from the East and 
 his first place of recorded worship is Bethel. 
 The question as to the position of the Promised 
 Land relatively to Eden will be considered in 
 connection with the entrance of the Children of 
 Israel; but it is very striking that the next time 
 the word East (with the exception of the disper- 
 sion after the flood appears in the Holy Scrip- 
 ture after Eden), is in connection with Bethel, 
 the first place where Abraham is recorded to have 
 established a regular worship, and the second 
 Holy place mentioned in Scripture. It is sig- 
 nificant also that the first reference in the Scrip- 
 tures to the West is in connection with Bethel. 
 Bethel means House of God, so that by its very 
 name it is set apart, but it becomes still more 
 significant where we find it located, and evidently 
 with a purpose, in exactly the same way as the 
 Gate of Eden. After so many centuries a rep- 
 resentative of sinful Adam, but like him a peni- 
 tent sinner, seeking ways of new obedience 
 erected an altar that must have occupied the very 
 position relatively of that of Adam and Abel 
 where they offered sacrifices in the '' presence of 
 the Lord." 
 
 That Bethel is especially marked out as a 
 Holy. Place in Scripture is evident from what is 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 23 
 
 further recorded of it. Jacob on his way to 
 Haran to escape the vengeance of Esau against 
 whom he had very grievously sinned, lay down 
 at Bethel with a stone for his pillow and had the 
 wonderful vision of the ladder extending from 
 earth to heaven, " and behold the angel of God 
 ascending and descending on it." And behold 
 the Lord stood above it and said " I am the Lord 
 God of Abraham thy father " thus connecting 
 it with the incident we have already recorded. 
 Jacob was being driven toward Haran and the 
 East by his sins, but the Lord who " Looketh 
 not on the outward appearance, but on the heart " 
 found something in the way of possibility for 
 good, even in the midst of the deceit of Jacob's 
 life, and when he had been chastened and re- 
 turned from his wanderings, it was in this same 
 Bethel he worshiped. " And God said unto 
 Jacob, * Arise, go up to Bethel and dwell there, 
 and make there an Altar unto God, that ap- 
 peared unto thee when thou Reddest from the 
 face of Esau thy brother.' Then Jacob said unto 
 his household, and to all that were with him, 
 * Put away the strange gods that are among 
 you and be clean and change your garments; 
 and let us arise and go to Bethel ; and I will make 
 there an Altar unto God, who answered me in 
 the day of my distress and was with me in the 
 way which I went.' " 
 
 We have a reference, or at least this is the gen- 
 
24 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 erally received opinion, by our Saviour himself to 
 Bethel, where he said to Nathaniel, " Hereafter 
 ye shall see the heavens open, and the angels of 
 God ascending and descending upon the Son of 
 Man/' It is supposed that Nathaniel had been 
 reading and meditating upon this ancient story, 
 wondering perhaps as to what the significance of 
 the passage was. It is enough for our present 
 purpose to have this indorsement by the Master 
 of the importance of the place and the occur- 
 rence which takes this " House of God " quite 
 out of the line of ordinary cities, and in some 
 sense emphasizes the fact that after Eden, it is 
 the first place that is designated as facing to the 
 East in an account that covers some twenty-one 
 hundred years. 
 
 Let us repeat that when Jehovah, called the 
 Father of the Faithful as the progenitor of a 
 " peculiar people " who should be made the ob- 
 jects of His special care, and whose chief honor 
 it should be to be the custodian of the Revela- 
 tion He was to make of Himself to men, he 
 brought him from the East and caused him to set 
 up an Altar at Bethel, and to worship w^ith his 
 back to the Sun and facing this House of God. 
 
 Neither must we neglect to notice that with 
 the exception of the altar that Noah built when 
 he came out of the Ark, this is the first mention 
 during some twenty-one hundred years of sac- 
 rifice. Of course such sacrifices continued in the 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 25 
 
 line of those who worshiped Jehovah, and the 
 fact is here recorded particularly to bring Bethel 
 into harmony with the worship at the Gate of 
 Eden. It is not recorded, indeed, that there was 
 any manifestation of the Divine presence in a 
 luminous cloud as in the Holy of Holies, and 
 yet it would be entirely consistent with the story, 
 if our imagination supplied the want of the nar- 
 rative. It could not have been long before 
 when the following scene occurred. In obe- 
 dience to the Divine command Abraham had 
 taken a heifer, and a goat and a ram and a turtle 
 dove and a young pigeon and having killed them, 
 divided each into two pieces and laid them in two 
 rows — " and it came to pass that when the sun 
 went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking 
 furnace and a burning lamp that passed between 
 those pieces and that same day the Lord made a 
 covenant with Abram." Perhaps the fire that 
 consumed the sacrifice came down from heaven 
 as it certainly did when the Altar at the Taber- 
 nacle and at the Temple were dedicated. The 
 very name of the place Bethel, House of God, 
 carries with it the suggestion of some Divine 
 manifestation. 
 
 In connection with the sojourn of Abraham 
 in Canaan, we cannot overlook the significance 
 of this word East as given in the sacred record 
 in connection with the quarrel of Lot with Abra- 
 ham and the choice he made. In the 13th chap- 
 
26 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 ter of Genesis it is stated, " Then Lot chose him 
 all the plain of Jordan, and Lot journeyed East, 
 and they separated themselves, the one from the 
 other, Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, and 
 Lot dwelt in the cities of the plain, and pitched 
 his tent toward Sodom. But the men of Sodom 
 were wicked and sinners before the Lord exceed- 
 ingly." The East, so far as the scriptures are 
 concerned, up to the time of our Savior, seems 
 to have been the synonym for sin and from the 
 days of Cain who " went out from the presence 
 of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod on 
 the East of Eden," the dwelling-place of sin- 
 ners. 
 
CHAPTER THREE 
 
 THE TABERNACLE AND THE TEMPLE 
 
 Numbers 3, 38. 
 " But those who encamp before the Tabernacle toward 
 the East, even before the tabernacle of the congregation, 
 shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping charge 
 of the sanctuary, for the charge of the children of Israel ; 
 and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death." 
 
 Numbers 2, 3. 
 
 "And on the east side toward the rising of the Sun, 
 shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch, 
 throughout their armies." 
 
 27 
 
CHAPTER THREE. 
 
 THE TABERNACLE AND THE TEMPLE 
 
 THE next Holy Place we come to in the 
 Scriptures is the Tabernacle, and as the 
 Temple was in general form the same and 
 for the same purpose, they can be properly con- 
 sidered together in the same Chapter. That 
 the Tabernacle faced East is a well known fact, 
 testified to from Hebrew records aside from the 
 scriptural account, but it is evident from the de- 
 scription given in the twenty-sixth chapter of 
 Exodus of the boards that formed the sides of 
 the enclosure of the " meeting house/' those for 
 the north, south and west sides are particularly 
 mentioned giving the number of each and size, 
 while none are mentioned for the eastern side. 
 This was the entrance, and was not closed with 
 boards but by a veil or curtain, a description of 
 which we have in the thirty-sixth verse. " And 
 thou shalt make a hanging for the door of the 
 tent of blue and purple and scarlet and fine 
 twined linen, wrought with needle work." It is 
 also evident from Numbers 2, 3, " And on the 
 east side toward the rising of the Sun shall they 
 29 
 
30 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch 
 throughout their armies." It is significant that 
 the tribe of Judah from which our Lord sprang 
 had the most honorable position and stood near- 
 est that eastern entrance to the Tabernacle, 
 which itself occupied relatively the same posi- 
 tion as the Gate of Eden and the city of Bethel. 
 The only other tribe that stood nearer or within 
 the Gate was the tribe of Levi, which included 
 Moses and Aaron who were the official repre- 
 sentatives of Jehovah. One of the most strik- 
 ing reminders of Eden, was the presence of the 
 Cherubim in the Holy of Holies and the shining 
 presence of Jehovah between them. This com- 
 bination of the figures and the *' presence of the 
 Lord" is not mentioned since the day when Adam 
 and Eve were driven from Eden. When we 
 consider that Moses and the children of Israel 
 were fully aware of this fact, we will in some 
 measure realize the wonderful importance it 
 must have had to them. While it suggested 
 Eden, and the flaming sword, guarding the way 
 to the " tree of life,'^ it must have also suggested 
 the '* Lord God merciful and gracious, long- 
 suffering and abundant in goodness, mercy and 
 truth and yet who wall by no means clear the 
 guilty." Moses and Aaron however could enter 
 into the very presence of Jehovah and return 
 alive, and this was a visible sign that a way had 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 31 
 
 been found whereby " sinful man could be just 
 with God." 
 
 The Temple at Jerusalem, being only a more 
 elaborate and costly counter-part of the Taber- 
 nacle, also occupied the same position with re- 
 gard to the East. So important was this that 
 the area of ground on the top of the eminence 
 on which it was erected not being large enough, 
 it w^as extended at great cost by building up a 
 retaining wall on the side of the valley of the 
 Kidron and filling it in with earth. Many of 
 the stones were very great and are no doubt 
 those referred to by our Savior, when He said 
 to His disciples, as He sat at the foot of the 
 Mount of Olives, in speaking of the destruction 
 of Jerusalem, " seest thou these great stones?" 
 We are told that this front of the temple even in 
 our Savior's time rose to a great height, and as 
 it was overlaid wath gold, was a very beautiful 
 sight when it caught the rays of the sun, as they 
 first reached it over the Mount of Olives. 
 
 It indeed faced the Sun, just as did all the 
 heathen temples of that day. It was one result 
 however of the position of the Altar of burnt 
 sacrifices at the Temple that the Priest of Je- 
 hovah was compelled to stand with his back to- 
 ward the Sun; thus reversing the position of all 
 idolatrous priests and casting contempt on their 
 idols. 
 
 The heavenly guide of the prophet Ezekiel, 
 
32 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 showed him a cuhiiination of all the abomina- 
 tions of Judah. " Then said He unto me, " Hast 
 thou seen this O, son of man? Turn thee again 
 and thou shalt see greater abominations than 
 these." 
 
 '' And He brought me into the inner court of 
 the Lord's house and behold, at the door of the 
 temple of the Lord, between the porch and the 
 altar, were about five and tw^enty men, with 
 their backs toward the temple of the Lord, and 
 their faces toward the East; and they worshiped 
 the sun toward the East." 
 
 It is remarkable that even in the Christian 
 Church there have been in all ages down to our 
 own those who have overlooked this evident in- 
 tention of Jehovah to place dishonor on the 
 heathen worship of the sun. Dr. Mosheim in 
 his ecclesiastical history thus refers to it : " Be- 
 fore the coming of Christ all the eastern nations 
 performed Divine worship with their faces turned 
 to that part of the heavens where the sun dis- 
 plays his rising beams. This custom was 
 founded upon a general opinion that God whose 
 essence they looked upon to be light, and whom 
 they considered as being circumscribed within 
 certain limits, dwelt in that part of the firma- 
 ment, from which He sends forth the sun, the 
 bright image of His benignity and glory. The 
 Christian converts indeed rejected this gross er- 
 ror; but they retained the ancient and universal 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 33 
 
 custom, of worshiping toward the east, which 
 sprang from it. Nor is that custom abohshed 
 even in our times, but still prevails in a number 
 of Christian Churches." In view of the fact 
 that the Jewish worship, to which certainly 
 Christians should look for a warrant for forms 
 of worship, rather than to eastern idolaters, ex- 
 pressly provides against this error; it is difficult 
 to understand how the early church fell into so 
 great a mistake, and still more difficult to under- 
 stand how any Christian communion of this late 
 age should persist in observing it. 
 
 One of the most precious of all texts is that 
 which assures us, that, " as far as the East is 
 from the West so far hath He removed our 
 transgressions from us." It had a practical il- 
 lustration in the ceremonies connected with the 
 great day of Atonement, a full account of which 
 we have in Leviticus i6th chapter. Two goats 
 were selected, one of which was slain and its 
 blood carried by the High Priest into the Holy 
 of Holies and sprinkled on the mercy seat which 
 was between the Cherubim; the other goat was 
 brought to the High Priest who laying his hands 
 on the animal's heal confessed his own sin and 
 all the sins of the people and the goat was then 
 led away into the wilderness " East of Jordan." 
 
 Following the line of our subject and in con- 
 nection with the services of the temple and the 
 sins of the " peculiar people," it is a striking fact 
 
34 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 that all the punishments and captivities resulting 
 from the sin of idolatry are associated with the 
 East. Egypt was just as much a heathen coun- 
 try as Assyria or Persia, and yet we never hear 
 of the Jews being carried captive into Egypt. 
 It is always eastward, and when they repented 
 of their idolatries, the return was from East to 
 West. It may be objected that the bondage in 
 Egypt in the time of Moses seems to be an ex- 
 ception. But we are not warranted in consider- 
 ing that bondage a punishment. It was rather a 
 trial and chastening and intended to consolidate 
 the nation and make it willing to depart for 
 Canaan. Egypt is rather associated with the 
 good that came to Joseph, and through him to 
 Jacob and his descendants in preserving them 
 from famine, and our Savior Himself was pre- 
 served there safe from the wrath of cruel Herod. 
 As we have already suggested, Egypt occupied a 
 very different position, so far as the training 
 of God's people w^as concerned than Assyria and 
 Persia and the countries of the East. 
 
 Of course we expect to find an altar for sac- 
 rifice at the entrance to the Tabernacle and the 
 Temple, but we must not overlook the fact that it 
 stood in the same relative position toward the 
 Cherubim and the Holy presence that shone be- 
 tween in the Holy of Holies, that the altar on 
 which the sacrifice of Abel was offered stood to 
 the Cherubim and the '' presence of the Lord " 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 35 
 
 at the eastern entrance to Eden. They signi- 
 fied the same thing. They both held out to sin- 
 ful man the possibility of reconciliation, but they 
 also indicated that the way back to Eden was not 
 yet free to all. There was an advance on the 
 revelation made to Adam at the Gate of Eden 
 and to Abraham at Bethel, for now Moses and 
 Aaron and the High Priest of all ages of the 
 Hebrew Church w^re permitted once a year to 
 enter the Holy of Holies, a most precious inti- 
 mation that a way might be found, when not 
 only these favored ones but those whom they 
 represented might also freely enter in. 
 
^ CHAPTER FOUR 
 
 THE HOLY LAND 
 
 Exodus 3, 7 and 8. 
 
 " And the Lord said, I have surely seen the affliction 
 of my people which are in Egypt, and have heard their 
 cry by reason of their task-masters ; for I know their 
 sorrows. 
 
 " And I am come down to deliver them out of the Land 
 of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land, 
 unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with 
 milk and honev." 
 
 37 
 
CHAPTER FOUR- 
 
 THE HOLY LAND 
 
 A GLANCE at the Map of Palestine is all that 
 is necessary to make an impression as to its 
 peculiar form and position. It lies due 
 north and south and east and west. It is situ- 
 ated between the great eastern nations of Asia 
 and the great western nations of Europe, and has 
 had much to do with the destinies of both. But to 
 the Hebrew and the Christian alike, it is known 
 as the earthly Canaan and the Land of Promise, 
 the scene of the training of the Children of Abra- 
 ham, and the earthly home of Him, " who 
 though He was rich yet for our sakes became 
 poor that we through His poverty might be made 
 rich." If in no other sense it could be called 
 holy, it would be true of it, that it at one time 
 had for an inhabitant one who was " holy, harm- 
 less, undefiled and separate from sinners." 
 
 So far as the scripture account of it is given, 
 it was good and large, a land '' flowing with 
 milk and honey." By its diversified surface of 
 hill and dale, it was specially adapted to the oc- 
 cupations in which the children of Israel had been 
 
 39 
 
40 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 trained during their sojourn in Egypt. Its 
 water abounded in fish and its hills and valleys 
 were covered with vineyards and olive trees. 
 But to a Hebrew it was above everything else 
 the land of Promise; Abraham had looked to 
 the north and to the south, to the east and to 
 the west, and Jehovah had promised when as yet 
 he did not possess a foot of it, " all this will I 
 give thee and to thy seed forever." 
 
 At length the time came to enter on the reali- 
 zation of the Promise. Pharaoh was humbled 
 under the mighty judgments of Jehovah, and 
 Moses was leading the hosts of Israel to possess 
 the heritage of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. The 
 natural entrance was by the south-west, and the 
 beginning of the journey was north-east. Then 
 a strange event occurred. The spies who had 
 been sent forward to learn the best route, came 
 back panic-stricken with tales of giants and 
 walled cities, and invincible hosts. Unbelief, 
 that prolific source of human woe ; want of trust 
 in the arm of Jehovah ; want of obedience to His 
 commands as given by Moses, prevented them 
 from entering in; and they were ordered on 
 that painful and circuitous route which after forty 
 years brought them to the river Jordan opposite 
 the city of Jericho. 
 
 They could not enter in from the south-west 
 because of unbelief, but that was just the sin that 
 sent Adam and Eve on that journey from the 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 41 
 
 Gate of Eden eastward. The Land of promise 
 like Eden and Bethel also faced east. It be- 
 longed to Jehovah. The children of Israel were 
 about to enter on its privileges to place them- 
 selves under His rule to acknowledge Him as 
 their King, and He was about to receive them as 
 His people, but it was necessary for them to 
 come in the appointed way, to acknowledge in 
 the very direction from which they came that 
 they were returning prodigals seeking their 
 Father's house. 
 
 In this view of the. case it is very interesting 
 to consider exactly how they entered the Holy 
 Land. We have a detailed account of it in the 
 Third and Fourth chapters of Joshua. The Ark 
 of the covenant on which were the figures of the 
 Cherubim, symbolizing those that guarded the 
 East Gate of Eden twenty-five hundred years be- 
 fore, w^ent in advance and the waters of Jordan 
 rolled back. The Ark, the symbol of the Divine 
 Presence remained in the middle of the river un- 
 til the hosts of Israel had all entered Canaan. 
 Thus in advancing stages under different dispen- 
 sations, in widely difYerent circumstances, the 
 story of Eden is repeated, the significance of the 
 East is steadily emphasized. Man departed in a 
 certain direction from Jehovah when he sinned, 
 and in the eternal fitness lof things he must re- 
 trace his steps if he would enjoy the benefits of 
 his Father's house. 
 
42 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 It is not well to be wise above what is written. 
 The conquest of Canaan may have in it many 
 suggestions that have their counterpart in the ex- 
 perience of God's people. Bunyan's Pilgrim's 
 Progress is an Allegory. The selection of Abra- 
 ham, the training of the children of Israel, the 
 journey in the wilderness, the entrance into Ca- 
 naan, and its conquest are stupendous facts. If 
 we could follow them and understood it all in 
 its spiritual significance, the triumph at Jericho, 
 the defeat at Ai, the wncked city that stood east 
 of Bethel, we might find it to be an epitome of 
 still larger movements in the church of God, in 
 the ages that have followed. But certainly the 
 fact that they entered the Land of Promise by so 
 circuitous a route, when taken in connection with 
 the prominence given the East at Eden, Bethel 
 and the Tabernacle and Temple, is food for 
 thought. 
 
 The Egyptians entered Canaan from the south, 
 and the Syrians from the north. The Philis- 
 tines entered it from the west. But for those to 
 whom it was the land of promise as we have seen 
 both in the case of Abraham and the Children 
 of Israel it was entered from the east. The 
 cities named in connection with the entry of 
 Abraham are Schechem and Bethel and Ai, and 
 these places, a glance at the map will show, were 
 most directly approached from the east by cross- 
 ing the Jordan. Even if he came from the 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 43 
 
 north-east, these facts would show that he first 
 traveled south and crossed the Jordan probably 
 at the very place, that his descendants, now be- 
 come a host, entered Canaan. This is confirmed 
 when we remember that when Jacob returned 
 from his wanderings, he probably came in the 
 same \\**ay, by Mananhain, Peniel, the brook Jab- 
 bok and across Jordan, In calling Abraham 
 from Ur of Chaldees, and in bringing the chil- 
 dren of Israel into Canaan across Jordan, it is 
 as if Jehovah had called Adam and Eve from 
 their wanderings once more into the Garden of 
 Eden through that Eastern Gate through which 
 they were driven out. 
 
 We cannot leave the consideration of this sub- 
 ject without pointing out the reverse of the pic- 
 ture, which is, that wdienever these same Children 
 of Israel were unbelieving and disobedient, espec- 
 ially in that sin of Adam and Eve of looking 
 from the Jehovah of Eden to another guide 
 which is the root of all idolatry, they were pun- 
 ished by being sent into captivity and always 
 toward the East. As we have already suggested 
 the Children of Israel were chastened through 
 the instrumentality of the Egyptians and the 
 Philistines, but there seems to be a warrant for 
 drawing a wide distinction between the suffer- 
 ings they experienced from the nations from the 
 west and south, and those in whose midst they 
 were sent as captives in the east. 
 
CHAPTER FIVE 
 
 THE HOLY CITY 
 Psalm 122. 
 
 45 
 
CHAPTER FIVE 
 
 THE HOLY CITY 
 
 LIKE the New Jerusalem that St. John saw 
 in prophetic vision in the Isle called Pat- 
 mos, the Holy City, too, '' lieth four 
 square " as to general position. It was walled, 
 and was entered from different directions by 
 gates. The most ancient record concerning 
 these is perhaps that of Nehemiah who came 
 from Shushan in Medo-Persia, as recorded in 
 his prophecy. The first one mentioned is the 
 *' Gate of the Valley," and as he came in as 
 straight a line from due east as a bird could fly, 
 we naturally connect this first gate with the Val- 
 ley of the Kidron, and the way to Bethany and 
 the fords at Jericho. Next we have the " Gate 
 of the Fountain," which led to the King's pool, 
 then the "sheep gate," the "fish gate," "the 
 old gate," " the horse gate," and " the water 
 gate." These have lost, of course, all signifi- 
 cance to us by lapse of time. In the time of our 
 Savior the entrances to the city were probably 
 very much as they were when Nehemiah repaired 
 them. In those days Herod's gate was on the 
 
 47 
 
48 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 north and also the Damascus gate; on the west 
 Jaffa gate; on the south, Zion gate; on the east 
 modern Jerusalem has St. Stephen's gate, and 
 the " Golden Gate," now mysteriously closed. 
 These gates like the " Valley Gate " of Nehe- 
 miah, face the east, and at least one of them was 
 directly opposite the Mount of Olives, and as 
 we shall see the one by which the Tribes entered 
 Jerusalem when they came up several times in a 
 year to attend the feasts. 
 
 Several tribes ; that is the half tribes of Manas- 
 seh, Gad and Reuben, had their inheritance on the 
 East side of Jordan, and in coming to Jerusalem 
 to worship would cross the Jordan near Jericho, 
 and coming by the way of Bethany enter the city 
 by the descent of the Mount of Olives and cross- 
 ing the brook Kidron. It may be that even the 
 tribes north, may have united with this company, 
 and together made one great procession, entering 
 Jerusalem by the same gate. But, however this 
 may have been in the time of David, by a very 
 remarkable Providence, the Jews in Galilee for 
 some hundreds of years before the time of our 
 Savior, were compelled to make a detour to the 
 other side of Jordan when they came up to Jeru- 
 salem to attend the Feasts; by the fact that Sa- 
 maria lay between Galilee and Judea, and such 
 enmity existed between the two nations that a 
 journey through Samaria for a Galilean was 
 practically impossible. If a Jew was by stress 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 49 
 
 of thirst compelled to drink out of the cup of a 
 Samaritan, the vessel was immediately broken 
 and destroyed. This enmity of course prevented 
 all intercourse with the Samaritans and made it 
 necessary to pass around Samaria by crossing the 
 Jordan at the fords of Enon and recrossing near 
 Jericho. From there the way led by Bethany 
 and the Mount of Olives across the brook Kid- 
 ron to the eastern gate of the Holy City. In 
 this way our Savior always entered the city, so 
 far as we have any record, from the time He 
 went up with His parents at the age of twelve 
 " about His Father's business," until the day He 
 entered it amidst the acclamations and receiving 
 the homage of the multitude who hailed Him 
 as their King. Every day of the week of His 
 Passion, He went out of this eastern gate to 
 Bethany and returned every morning. Was 
 there no significance in this uniform, and so far 
 as we have any record, this unchanging course 
 on the part of the tribes and especially of our 
 Savior in view of the prominence we have no- 
 ticed as to the East in the scriptures? 
 
 We are perhaps too much disposed to con- 
 sider the events of our Savior's life in immediate 
 connection with His crucifixion as isolated facts, 
 rather than in their connection with each other. 
 We think of the Passover supper in an isolated 
 way. So, too, of the agony in the Garden of 
 Gethsemane, the scene before Caiaphas and the 
 
50 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 trial before Pilate; as completed facts in them- 
 selves; when we ought rather to consider them 
 as parts of a connected whole terminating on 
 Calvary, and the Resurrection and the Ascension ; 
 as fulfilling types and symbols; commenced at 
 the eastern gate of Eden, continued at Bethel, 
 the Tabernacle, the Temple and the Holy land, 
 and culminating when in " leading captivity cap- 
 tive," He entered the New Jerusalem, the Para- 
 dise above, opening a way for all His people to 
 once more enjoy the Tree of Life. 
 
 St. Paul warrants us in looking upon our 
 Savior as a second Adam, First Corinthians 15th 
 Chapter, 22d Verse. " For as in Adam all die 
 even so in Christ shall all be made alive." Ro- 
 mans 5th Chapter, 14th Verse " who (Adam) 
 is the figure of Him that was to come." May 
 we not also say that the Holy City was in some 
 sense a counterpart of Adam's abode while sin- 
 less? The garden of Eden, where men did ac- 
 tually commune with Jehovah, not only in the 
 Temple which our Savior calls " my Father's 
 house," but in the fact that the glory of this 
 Temple far exceeded that of Solomon's in that 
 the prophecies of Haggai and Malachi were 
 fulfilled where they said the glory of this latter 
 house shall be greater than of the former. Now 
 with this thought of " Adam as a figure of Him 
 that was to come," and this thought of Jerusalem 
 as a counterpart of Eden, notice the wonderful 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 51 
 
 significance of what occurred immediately after 
 the last Passion Supper. The Savior had formally 
 announced to the disciples in the breaking of 
 bread, saying " This is my body which is given for 
 you." " This cup is the New Testament in my 
 blood which is shed for you," that He had become 
 their substitute. Where is it before so plainly 
 stated as at this Passion Supper and the institu- 
 tion that followed it, that He was man's substi- 
 tute? Not that He was ever aught else, even in 
 the Cradle in Bethlehem, yea in the counsels of 
 eternity when He said " Lo ! I come ; in the vol- 
 ume of the Book it is written of me I delight to 
 do thy will, O my God," but where is it so for- 
 mally stated as here, and when He is about to 
 perform a deeply significant act fulfilling a sym- 
 bolism that reached back four thousand years? 
 It was as our substitute then, as " Christ our 
 Passion," bearing our sin, having taken the place 
 of Adam and all his posterity " under the laws," 
 that this " second Adam " said, after using the 
 words " this is my body given for you," '' arise, 
 let lis go hence/' and passed through the Eastern 
 Gate of the Holy City, taking the identical direc- 
 tion the first Adam took when he was driven, as 
 a sinner from Eden. What a new significance 
 this gives to Gethsemane! It was no fortu- 
 itous occurrence. As our substitute. He had 
 now presented to Him in immediate prospect the 
 fearful penalty of the Law that the first Adam 
 
52 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 had broken '' in the day thou eatest thereof thou 
 shalt surely die " Genesis 2d Chapter, 17th Verse. 
 Once more the Prince of Darkness, who had 
 been so successful in defeating the first Adam 
 used all his powers to cause this second Adam 
 to ignore the Divine will and prove unbelieving 
 and disobedient, but He had " learned obedi- 
 ence " by the things He had suffered and was 
 able to say with three-fold emphasis, " Not my 
 will, but Thine be done." The agony was over, 
 the victory was won and now we can say 
 " Thanks be to God who giveth us the victory 
 through our Lord Jesus Christ." He now al- 
 lows the multitude to take Him captive; notice 
 the exact account of John, " Jesus therefore 
 knowing all things that should come upon Him 
 went forth and said unto them ' Whom seek 
 ye ? ' ; prevents Simon Peter from defending 
 Him; reminds him of the twelve Legions of An- 
 gels He had at His command, and meekly re- 
 enters the Holy City by the same Eastern Gate." 
 But to return to Eden meant just what re- 
 turning to the New Eden above means; freedom 
 from sin. Revelation 21st Chapter, 27th Verse. 
 " And there shall in no wise enter into it any- 
 thing unclean, or he that maketh an abomination 
 and a lie; " and our Savior must not only will- 
 ingly bear the penalty, but as our substitute He 
 must be sinless. This is the keynote to an un- 
 derstanding of the trials before Caiaphas and 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 53 
 
 Herod and Pilate. What He seems most anxious 
 to do before all His judges is to maintain His 
 freedom from all wrong-doing. With this in view 
 the trial before Caiaphas is very significant. 
 His claim that He was the Son of God, was 
 drawn out by the extra judicial questioning of 
 the High Priest, but His own thoughts seem 
 to have revolved about the idea that He was free 
 from Sin, John i8th Chapter, 20th and 21st 
 Verses. " Jesus answered him I spoke openly 
 to the world, I ever taught in the synagogue and 
 in the Temple whither the Jews resort, and in 
 secret have I said nothing." He was accused by 
 false witnesses, but neither did their witnesses 
 agree, so that He stood before Caiaphas with- 
 out a fault. Before the representative of Jeho- 
 vah; the High Priest of the Law that came by 
 Moses and that was written on tables of stone 
 by Jehovah Himself, He claimed to be free from 
 all sin. So before Pilate, the charge was sedi- 
 tion and making Himself a King to the over- 
 throw of the authority of the Roman Emperor. 
 But Jesus affirmed that His Kingship extended 
 only over those who " loved the Truth." Pilate 
 after the fullest investigation, as Herod under 
 whose rule He had lived all His life, had al- 
 ready done by implication, pronounced Him 
 guiltless as to any sin against the State so that in 
 the presence of all Law, human and Divine, He 
 was pronounced guiltless. As the second Adam 
 
54 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 and the substitute for sinners He might not only 
 enter Eden, if it had then existed, but had now 
 His right to the Tree of Life in the Paradise 
 above. 
 
 Then comes the sequel to the agony of Geth- 
 semane. As our substitute it was not only neces- 
 sary to have kept the Law perfectly, it was also 
 necessary to pay the dread penalty fore-shadowed 
 in the garden of Gethsemane. Bearing our sin, 
 and carrying the cross. He again went forth 
 without the city walls, but significantly this time, 
 in exactly the opposite direction, having been 
 pronounced hoh^ Being lifted up upon the cross 
 and having said " It is finished," after that cul- 
 minating cry of " Eloi ! Eloi ! lama sabachthani ; " 
 the veil of the Temple was rent in twain, and ac- 
 cess was made into the Holy of Plolies; into the 
 presence of the Cherubim who guarded the gate 
 at Eden ; by a new and living way, even the rent 
 veil of our Redeemer's broken body. Yea much 
 more an entrance into the " presence of the 
 Lord," symbolized by the flaming sword at the 
 gate of Eden that guarded " the way to the tree 
 of life," for now all who accept Him as their sub- 
 stitute are pronounced thus blessed. Revelation 
 22d Chapter, 14th Verse, " Blessed are all they 
 that do His commandments that they may have 
 right to the tree of life and may enter in through 
 the gates into the city." Hebrews 9th Chapter, 
 25th Verse, '' For Christ entered not into a 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 55 
 
 Holy place made with hands like a pattern to 
 the true, but into heaven itself now to appear be- 
 fore the face of God for us," and again Hebrews 
 loth Chapter, 12th Verse, "but He, when' 
 He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat 
 down on the right hand of God ; from henceforth 
 expecting that His enemies be made the foot- 
 stool of His feet. For by one offering He hath 
 perfected forever them that are sanctified. And 
 the Holy Ghost also beareth witness to us; for 
 after He hath said: 
 
 " This is the covenant that I will make with them 
 After those days said the Lord ; 
 I will put my laws on their hearts, 
 And upon their mind also will I write them; 
 
 And their sins and their iniquities 
 
 Will I remember no more. 
 Now where remission of these is 
 
 There is no more offering for sin." 
 
 This last emphatic utterance of Inspiration, 
 reminds us that all the Holy places we have been 
 considering were associated with the idea of sac- 
 rifice, an '' offering for sin." Eden and the of- 
 fering of Abel, Bethel and the altar of Abra- 
 ham, the Tabernacle and the Temple with the 
 ministration of the Aaronic priesthood, the Holy 
 Land and the morning sacrifice on the eastern 
 side of Jordan, but does this hold good of the 
 Holy City? We must not think of the sacrifice 
 
56 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 at the Temple, as a testimony to this idea be- 
 cause that belonged to the Holy of Holies. 
 Where shall we look for the idea of sacrifice in 
 connection with the Holy City? The answer is 
 plain and yet wonderful. Just as the Holy City 
 was the culmination of all the Holy places that 
 preceded it if we must except Eden of which it 
 was intended to be the counterpart, and the last 
 of these earthly symbolism; so the sacrifice that 
 w^e always associate with it is the glorious ful- 
 filment of all the symbolic sacrificial types. In 
 the very locality made sacred by the offering up 
 by Abraham in fullest intention of his only son 
 Isaac; the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, 
 offered up very really " His only begotten and 
 well-beloved Son." Himself a willing sacrifice ; 
 and so it has come to pass Hebrews 9th Chapter, 
 15th Verse, "He is the Mediator of a new 
 covenant, that a death having taken place for the 
 Redemption of the transgressions that were under 
 the first covenant, they that have been called may 
 receive the promise of the Eternal inheritance." 
 
 Our Savior said to the penitent thief, " this 
 day shalt thou be with i\Ie in Paradise," show- 
 ing that the way was now open to the Tree of 
 Life." 
 
 The best tradition is that He was crucified at 
 the western Gate of the City, the one that opened 
 on the way to Joppa and the West. It is how- 
 ever a very striking fact that in this last great 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 57 
 
 sacrifice the victim did not face any earthly Holy 
 of Holies but as the scriptures say '' but Christ 
 having come a High Priest of the good things 
 to come, through the greater and more perfect 
 tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say 
 not of this creation, nor yet through the blood 
 of goats and calves, but through His own blood, 
 entered at once into the Holy place, having ob- 
 tained eternal redemption — which hope we have 
 as our anchor to the soul, a hope both sure and 
 steadfast and entering into that which is within 
 the veil, whither as our fore-runner Jesus en- 
 tered for us." 
 
 Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Eden 
 and the guilty Adam fleeing through that Eastern 
 gate under the weight of the penalty — " the day 
 thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die," and 
 four thousand years after the second xA.dam, the 
 Lord from heaven " holy, harmless, undefiled and 
 separate from sinners," returning from Geth- 
 semane through the eastern gate of the Holy 
 City to suffer that penalty in His own body on 
 the accursed tree; thus gaining for all who ac- 
 cept Him as their substitute, access once more to 
 the " tree of life." 
 
 Is not this wonderful symbolism an evidence 
 of design? It extends as we have seen up to 
 this time from Adam to Christ, and as we shall 
 see in another form, has continued from His 
 day to our own. How will Higher criticism 
 
58 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 account for this deep-laid object lesson, found 
 in the five books of Moses, in Kings, in prophe- 
 cies, connected in the continuous developments 
 of the plan of salvation, woven ' like a thread 
 of gold, and with it the idea that '' with- 
 out the shedding of blood there is no remission," 
 binding together the Old Testament and the 
 New, proving its Divine origin and that Holy 
 men not only spoke, but journeyed, and built 
 altars, and temples and occupied countries and 
 founded cities *' as they were moved by the Holy 
 Ghost?" 
 
 What will our Hebrew brethren do with this 
 wonderful symbolism which appeals so directly 
 to all that is glorious in their past history? 
 Their greatest claim to the regard and love of 
 the Gentile world, is given by one who claimed 
 himself to be a " Hebrew of the Hebrews," when 
 he put it on record in writing to his brethren in 
 Rome '* what advantage then hath the Jew ? 
 Much everyway; first of all that they were in- 
 trusted with the oracles of God ; " " who are 
 Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and 
 the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of 
 the law, and the service of God, and the prom- 
 ises, whose are the fathers, and of whom concern- 
 ing the flesh Christ came who is over all, God 
 blessed forever." What will they do with the 
 fact that Eden and the altar on which Abel of- 
 fered has vanished; that Bethel and the Altar of 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 59 
 
 Abraham is no more ; that the Tabernacle and the 
 Temple with all their wondrous sacrifices have 
 not been in existence for nearly nineteen hun- 
 dred years ; that the Holy Land is holy only as a 
 memory ; that the Holy City has been these many 
 centuries a synonym for the tenets of a false re- 
 ligion, the possession of the followers of Ma- 
 homet ? 
 
 These are serious facts that need an explana- 
 tion from a race noted for its mental acumen. 
 They cannot be treated as doctrinal enigmas. 
 This age prides itself on its recognition of facts 
 as opposed to the speculations of philosophy and 
 the dogmas of theology what answer will it 
 make to these tangible records in wood, and 
 stone; graven even on land itself? The prophet 
 Malachi was inspired to give the answer, as to 
 why this all occurred and this will occupy our 
 attention in the next chapter. 
 
CHAPTER SIX 
 
 THE SUN OF RIGHTEOUSNESS 
 
 Malachi 4, 2. 
 
 " But unto you that fear my Name, shall the Sun of 
 Righteousness arise with healing in His wings." 
 
 "From the rising of the sun even unto the going down 
 of the same my Name shall be great among the Gentiles; 
 and in every place incense shall be offered unto my 
 Name, and a pure offering: for my Name shall be great 
 among the heathens, saith the Lord of hosts." 
 
 61 
 
The Heathen World, Known and Unknown in the Time of Christ 
 
CHAPTER SIX 
 
 THE SUN OF RIGHTEOUSNESS 
 
 THE significance of the figure used as above 
 by the prophet Malachi is emphasized by 
 the fact that it is contained in the closing 
 words of the old Testament revelation which as 
 we have seen was a revelation based upon sym- 
 bols, and especially on symbols connected with 
 sacrifice and is not used in any other place. The 
 light up to that time had been dim, the twilight 
 before the dawn, the prophetic assurance was, 
 that this was to give w^ay to a more glorious 
 manifestation of spiritual illumination. And 
 yet we have connected with it the same idea, we 
 have been considering a movement from East to 
 West. The history of the progress of the 
 church since the ascension of Christ, proves that 
 this was not a mere figure of speech on the part 
 of Malachi. Not more certainly, in ordinary hu- 
 man speech, does the rising sun begin its prog- 
 ress in the east, and move westward, than has 
 and does the progress of the Church, as the em- 
 bodiment of Christianity follow the same direc- 
 tion in gaining conquests for her ascended Lord 
 
 63 
 
64 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 and Master. And this is true not only of the 
 past, but is being fulfilled in such an unmistak- 
 able way in our own times that '' he that runs 
 may read." 
 
 The parting words of our Savior, as He left 
 His wondering disciples on the Mount of Ascen- 
 sion, were, '' Go into all the world and preach 
 the gospel to every creature, beginning at Jeru- 
 salem and lo! I am \Yith you always even to 
 the end of the world." No direction as to 
 whether they should travel east or west, or north 
 or south was given, and yet at the very out- 
 start after leaving Jerusalem the gospel, moved 
 westward. From a human standpoint it was 
 only natural that it should. Greek civilization 
 although not as old as the civilization eastward 
 beyond the Euphrates, included the most ad- 
 vanced learning of the times, and the most lib- 
 eral forms of idolatry, and offered an open door 
 for the proclamation of the new religion. In 
 addition to this, Jews were to be found in greater 
 numbers in the west than in the east, although we 
 must not overlook the fact that in the days of 
 our Savior there was a very eminent school of 
 the prophets beyond the Euphrates. Many Jews 
 remained in those countries who had refused to 
 return at the time when others, released from 
 captivity sought the land of their fathers, ac- 
 counting for the fact that Paul himself at one 
 time desired to preach the gospel in Asia. Per- 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 65 
 
 haps however the most influential school of the 
 prophets after the time of the ascension was at 
 Alexandria in northern Egypt on the shore of the 
 Mediterranean; and Jews in large numbers were 
 located there as well as in Greece and at Rome 
 and even far to the west. But from whatever 
 cause, we soon find Saul and Barnabas at Antioch 
 and Peter at Joppa. Asia Minor was in a few 
 years filled with the knowledge of '' Jesus and 
 the Resurrection." Paul especially had been 
 very active and successful. A glance at any 
 good map of his first and second missionary 
 journey will show how he journeyed north and 
 south and east and west in Asia Minor, visiting 
 the provinces of Cappadocia, Galatia, Pamphyl- 
 ia, Pamplagonia and Phyrgia. But there came 
 a time, manifested later, also, when he desired to 
 enter in his enthusiastic and characteristic way 
 on new fields of conquest. In writing to Rome 
 from Corinth afterward, he exhibited the spirit 
 to which we refer when he said — " But now 
 having no more place in these parts," and ex- 
 pressing a great desire to have some fruit among 
 them as among other gentiles and in another 
 place that " he did not enter into other men's la- 
 bors," but sought new ones. It was in some 
 such spirit as this that we are to interpret Acts 
 i6th Chapter, 5th to 7th Verses, *' And so were 
 the churches established in the faith, and increased 
 in number daily. Now when they had gone 
 
66 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 through Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and 
 were forbidden by the Holy Ghost to preach in 
 Asia, after they were come to Mysia, they assayed 
 to go into Bythinia, but the spirit suffered them 
 not." That is they were prevented not only from 
 preaching the gospel in Asia but prevented from 
 continuing their work in Asia Minor. Exception 
 will no doubt be taken to this statement as au- 
 thorities are not agreed that Asia in this connec- 
 tion means the countries east of Judea. Any 
 other interpretation however ignores the fact that 
 for several years Asia Minor had been the scene 
 of very persistent labors on the part of St. Paul, 
 and not only of his, but also where Peter and 
 Philip and others had preached the gospel. 
 Good authorities, among them so great a scholar 
 as S. T. Coleridge express the opinion that Asia 
 was a name applied to the land beyond the Eu- 
 phrates, and that it was so known in the time of 
 Paul. That it was a very populous region must 
 also have been known, and as has been suggested 
 many Jews lived there, and Paul in true Mes- 
 sianic spirit wanted to gain fresh conquests for 
 his Master in that direction, but as we have seen 
 he was forbidden and then came the vision of the 
 man of Macedonia, Europe instead of Asia, the 
 west instead of the east, saying, " Come over and 
 help us." And after he had seen the vision, 
 " immediately we endeavored to go into Mace- 
 donia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 67 
 
 called us for to preach the gospel unto them." 
 It is certainly a significant fact that we have 
 no account in the New Testament of any move- 
 ment toward preaching the gospel east of Jeru- 
 salem ; certainly no church is mentioned by name. 
 Even early tradition only very dimly associates 
 the name of the apostle Thomas with the church 
 of Persia and the western coast of India. It 
 is also certainly a matter of history, that if any 
 movement east was attempted in the early church 
 it ^ proved unsuccessful, much like the Roman 
 Catholic attempts to Christianize China, India 
 and Japan. But in striking contrast with this we 
 have the Gospel moving westward over the Con- 
 tinent of Europe following lines of longitude and 
 in fifteen hundred years the conquest was com- 
 plete. Africa is to be included, because it was 
 among the very first to receive the New Light. 
 The prophecy of the Sixty-Eighth Psalm, that 
 " Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto 
 God " was fulfilled when the Treasurer of Queen 
 Candace was converted through the instrumen- 
 tality of Philip. 
 
 We are so much accustomed to the idea of the 
 " dark continent " in connection with Africa as 
 to be in danger of overlooking the fact that 
 for many centuries after the Ethiopian treasurer, 
 converted through the instrumentality of Philip, 
 Africa was to a very great extent the abode of 
 a Christian civilization. Dr, Mosheim in his 
 
6S THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 ecclesiastical history says concerning the church 
 in Africa in the middle of the fourth century, 
 '' Toward the middle of the century a certain 
 person named Frumentius, went from Egypt to 
 Abyssinia or Ethiopia. He made known among 
 the people the gospel of Christ and administered 
 the sacrament of baptism to their King and to 
 several of the first distinction at his court. As 
 he was returning into Egypt he received conse- 
 cration as the first bishop of the Ethiopians from 
 Athanasis and this is the reason why the Ethi- 
 opian Church has even to our own time, been 
 considered the daughter of the Alexandrian 
 from which it also receives its bishop." It is well 
 known that Africa on the borders of the Medi- 
 terranean Sea, was a very influential part of the 
 church in the first centuries, and remained so un- 
 til like Asia Minor it fell under the power of the 
 followers of Mahomet. The fact that it is to- 
 day so free from idolatry, a fact that has surprised 
 so many modern explorers, the readiness of its 
 inhabitants to receive missionaries, and the re- 
 markable susceptibility to religion of the Negroes 
 in the United States, all seem to point to the fact 
 that Africa must not be placed in the same cate- 
 gory as Asia so far as a knowledge of the gospel 
 is concerned. 
 
 Following longitudinal lines in Iceland Chris- 
 tianity was legalized in the year looo. Green- 
 land was discovered by an Icelander and was 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 69 
 
 colonized by Christians from Iceland about 
 1 100. Within fifteen hundred years therefore 
 Christianity was the acknowledged religion as far 
 as the 30th degree of longitude from Greenwich. 
 Then followed the discovery of North and South 
 America and by the year 1800 Christianity had 
 extended to 135th degree of longitude. In 1820 
 the Sandwich Islands were first visited by Amer- 
 ican missionaries, and in 1825 the Ten Com- 
 mandments were proclaimed as the foundation 
 of all Law\ This moved the line of longitude to 
 150°. In i860 New Zealand and Australia were 
 occupied by English Christians moving the line 
 of longitude to 135° east. 
 
 This brings us to Japan and the Philippines. 
 It is a matter of current history how rapidly the 
 conquest of Japan and the Philippines to Chris- 
 tianity has been since Commodore Perry's visit 
 in 1848. Observe how rapidly the movement 
 has been since the gospel left the western shores 
 of the United States. Fifteen hundred years 
 for Europe and Africa, only three hundred years 
 for North and South America. Only one hun- 
 dred years for the Sandwich Islands, Australasia, 
 Japan and the Philippines. A glance at a Aler- 
 cator Projection map of the world shows that 
 out of the 360 degrees of the Sun's circuit in 
 twenty-four hours, there remains less than 50 
 degrees to go over until the Sun of Righteous- 
 ness again stands over Jerusalem, from which 
 
70 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 point it started some eighteen hundred and sev- 
 enty years ago. 
 
 The most interesting missionary field of to-day 
 is conceded to be China, and it is the next in or- 
 der to receive the benefit of the " heafing wings " 
 of the Sun of Righteousness. Lift up your eyes 
 for the fields are already white for the harvest 
 or to change the figure. In the early spring we 
 sometimes have a twelve inches fall of snow, but 
 the warm rains come and the beams of the 
 spring sun beat upon it and it passes away quickly 
 in abundant life-giving streams. So China has 
 been covered with gospel truth by the labors of 
 missionaries for seventy-five years. To the hu- 
 man eye the effect is not very apparent and we 
 wonder what will thaw these cold hearts and 
 brighten up this impassive people. A mission- 
 ary of seventeen years' service in China says he 
 never saw an unconverted Chinaman smile, but it 
 only needs the " healing wings " of the Sun of 
 Righteousness to bring about mighty changes 
 in a very short time. This is the best prospect 
 for the solution of the yellow peril, for we need 
 have no fear if we have to deal with a Christian- 
 ized people. 
 
 After China there remains only India. It like 
 China is permeated with the gospel and in due 
 time it will also yield its religion of Caste to the 
 brotherhood of Christianity. Then with Persia's 
 Nestorian religion the way is open for the com- 
 
OF EAST AND WEST yi 
 
 pletion of that wonderful circuit from East to 
 West, symbolized as we have seen from the Gar- 
 den of Eden to our own day. 
 
 The writer of this Book is not a Milleranian 
 or Second Adventist, and he has no opinion to 
 express on these disputed points, but the concen- 
 sus of all Christian beliefs is, that a time is com- 
 ing Avhen men " shall beat their swords into 
 ploughshares and their spears into pruning hooks 
 and Nations shall learn war no more." A time 
 coming when '' Holiness to the Lord " shall be 
 written upon the bells of the horses, that is when 
 all traffic in a commercial way shall be conducted 
 in the spirit of Consecration. A time coming 
 when none need say unto his brother " Know the 
 Lord for all shall know Him from the least to the 
 greatest." Are we not all prepared to say has- 
 ten the day, and to rejoice in the certainty that 
 the Dawn is appearing? 
 
 Prof. Mellone suggests there may be two views 
 held as to " The Kingdom of God " in the world 
 — one that man has his part in its progress in the 
 world ; and the other that it is a work with which 
 God has entirely to do. Our Savior evidently 
 taught this latter view. That the Kingdom itself, 
 in its conception and introduction into the world 
 was all from above. He taught that man's duty 
 consisted in preparing himself for it when it came 
 to him or he came to it. Our Savior's teaching 
 is wonderfully confirmed by what we have been 
 
72 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 considering concerning the wonderfully ordered 
 progress of this Kingdom in the world. The 
 work of the Church has been to prepare men for 
 its reception. 
 
 But the culmination of it all will be when there 
 is a New Heaven and a New Earth wherein 
 dwelleth righteousness, and this brings us to the 
 consideration of the seventh Holy Place men- 
 tioned in the scripture, The New Jerusalem. 
 
 It is no doubt to this culmination our Savior 
 Himself refers in Matthew 24th Chapter and 
 27th verse, " For as the lightning cometh out 
 of the East and shineth even unto the West ; so 
 shall also the coming of the Son of Man be." 
 This is generally considered to refer, not to the 
 completion of the circuit of the Sun of Right- 
 eousness which we have been considering, but to 
 that " day and hour which no man knoweth, no, 
 not the angels of heaven, but the Father only '* 
 — yet there is a strangely similar use of the 
 words East and West. 
 
What Remains to be Covered by the Rays of the Sun of Righteousness 
 
CHAPTER SEVEN 
 
 THE NEW JERUSALEM 
 
 Revelation 21, i to 3. 
 
 "And I saw a new heaven and a new earth; for the 
 first heaven and the first earth were passed away ; and 
 there was no more Sea. 
 
 " And I John, saw the Holy City, New Jerusalem, com- 
 ing down out of heaven, as a bride adorned for her hus- 
 band. 
 
 *' And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Be- 
 hold the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will 
 dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God 
 Himself shall be with them and be their God." 
 
 73 
 
CHAPTER SEVEN 
 
 THE NEW JERUSALEM 
 
 OUR subject brings us naturally to the con- 
 sideration of the seventh and last Holy 
 Place mentioned in the scriptures. In the 
 loth verse of 21st Chapter of Revelation, the 
 seer of Patmos says, " and he carried me away in 
 the spirit to a great and high mountain, and 
 showed me the Holy City, New Jerusalem com- 
 ing down out of heaven from God having the 
 glory of God; having a wall great and high; 
 having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve an- 
 gels; and names written thereon, which are the 
 names of the twelve tribes of the children of 
 Israel; on the East were three gates." The 
 statement as to the boundaries of the city begins 
 therefore in this suggestive way " on the East 
 three gates " and not as a modern map maker 
 would have commenced " on the North three 
 gates." This holy place unlike those we have 
 been considering could be entered from all sides 
 for " there is no more curse," and yet promi- 
 nence is evidently given to the gates on the East. 
 This is developed still more clearly in the name 
 75 
 
76 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 that was given to the first of these three gates on 
 the East. As we have seen above the name of a 
 Tribe of Israel was engraven on each gate, but 
 strange to say, these are not given in the order 
 in which Jacob named and blessed his Sons in 
 the book of Genesis 49th Chapter 5th to 8th 
 verses, Reuben, (first born), Simeon, Levi, 
 Judah and so on. The order in naming the gates 
 is no doubt the same as that given us in the 7th 
 Chapter of Revelation 5th verse, where Judah 
 comes first and then Reuben. The first gate on 
 the east was named Judah as if forever to com- 
 memorate that Gate from which the " Lion of the 
 Tribe " issued when He went out to His great 
 conflict with the Prince of Darkness in the Gar- 
 den of Gethsemane. It is further significant 
 when we remember the position of the tribe of 
 Judah in the encampment in the wilderness, 
 where this tribe was given the place of honor 
 immediately at the eastern front of the Taber- 
 nacle. Numbers 2d Chapter, 2d and 3d verses. 
 Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch 
 by his own standard, with the ensign of his 
 father's house ; far off about the tabernacle of the 
 congregation shall they pitch, and on the east side 
 side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the 
 standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout 
 their armies," next comes Issacher and Zebulon, 
 while Reuben leads the encampment on the south. 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 77 
 
 Are these merely coincidences or suggestive 
 facts ? 
 
 It is remarkable with reference to the Holy 
 places referred to in the scripture, that they have 
 all now passed away. The Garden of Eden was 
 followed by Bethel (House of God). Bethel 
 gave place as a distinctly holy place to the Taber- 
 nacle, the Tabernacle to the Temple at Jerusa- 
 lem; and Canaan as the Holy Land, and Jerusa- 
 lem as the Holy City have ceased to be, except 
 as glorious reminders of a wonderful past. 
 Neither of these last mentioned even belong to 
 the chosen people of God. Their significance as 
 Holy Places has '' vanished away " in the expres- 
 sive language of the author of Hebrews, and 
 they are now interesting only as they suggest to 
 those who visit them, the names and scenes and 
 activity of by-gone spiritual giants, Adam, Abel, 
 Abraham, Moses and Aaron, Joshua, David and 
 David's greater Son. And yet it is very singular 
 to find in the description of the Seer of Patmos 
 of *' The New Jerusalem " something that re- 
 minds us of each of these places, as though it was 
 designed to give us a blending and combined 
 reminiscence of all the holy places of the past, 
 and thus to emphasize their reality and impor- 
 tance. The Garden of Eden is brought back 
 very vividly as described in Genesis, by these 
 words of Revelation, 22d Chapter 2d verse " In 
 the midst of the street of it, and on either side 
 
78 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 of the river, was the tree of Hfe, which bare 
 twelve manner of fruits and yielded her fruit 
 every month; and the leaves of the tree were for 
 the healing- of the nations; and there shall be no 
 more curse," even the angels that guard each 
 gate remind us of the watchful Cherubim at the 
 eastern Gate of Eden, but they are now relieved 
 of all terror by the assurance " Blessed are they 
 that do His commandment, that they may have 
 right to the tree of life and may enter through the 
 gates into the city." We are reminded of 
 Bethel and Jacob's vision there, by the many an- 
 gels with their various messages '' ascending and 
 descending " connecting heaven and earth as by 
 a celestial ladder. The Tabernacle and the 
 Temple, which were fashioned by Moses accord- 
 ing to " all things show him in the Mount " are 
 represented by the " altar," and the " smoke of 
 the incense " and " the seven trumpets," " the 
 tabernacle of testimony " the seven golden candle- 
 sticks, the cherubim and " the Lamb that was 
 slain." Canaan is brought vividly to our recol- 
 lection by the numbering of the twelve tribes and 
 their names engraven upon the gates, and the 
 Jerusalem of earth which as we have suggested 
 was the culmination of the Holy places so far as 
 this world is concerned; now fades away into 
 this glorious description of the New Jerusalem 
 in which there is " no temple ; for the Lord God 
 Almighty and the Lamb are the Temple of it, 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 79 
 
 and the city hath no need of the Sun, neither of 
 the moon to shine in it ; for the glory of God did 
 Hghten it, and the Lamb is the Light thereof. 
 And the nations of them that are saved sliall walk 
 in the Hght of it; and the Kings of the earth do 
 bring their glory into it." 
 
 Surely no unprejudiced mind, Jew or Gentile, 
 can follow the line of this development from the 
 Garden of Eden, on through nearly four thou- 
 sand years to the vision on Patmos ; and now for 
 nearly nineteen hundred years of the progress of 
 Christianity in the direction these foreshadow- 
 ings indicate, without being impressed with the 
 evidence of design; and convinced that the Holy 
 Scriptures are indeed no " cunningly devised 
 fable," but as they claim to be the '' word of 
 God " and that " Holy men of old spoke as they 
 were moved by the Holy Ghost." Scientists 
 agree that historical facts are good evidence, 
 what will they do with these historic facts? If 
 they reply Eden is not an historic fact, how will 
 they explain the account we have of the eastern 
 entrances, in connection with historical facts that 
 cannot be denied, vouched for in secular history 
 as well as sacred ; namely, with Bethel, the Taber- 
 nacle, the Temple Jerusalem and Canaan ? What 
 too \\n\\ the advocates of " Higher criticism," and 
 those so-called liberal Christians, who believe the 
 Garden of Eden to have been a myth, do with this 
 connected religious foreshadowing running 
 
8o THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 through the five books of Moses, and forming an 
 indissoluble part of every page from Genesis to 
 the last chapter in John's gospel; completed in 
 the " Sun of Righteousness," who is carrying out 
 the symbolism before our eyes in these latter days 
 in exact accordance with what is written from the 
 beginning of Acts to the beginning of the Reve- 
 lation ? 
 
 What a significance is given to the Resurrec- 
 tion and the Ascension of our Lord, a doctrine 
 made so prominent by the early apostles when 
 we look upon them as the connecting links, be- 
 tween the City of David, as the culmination of 
 the holy places of the past; and the holy Jerusa- 
 lem to which our Lord ascended in the presence 
 of the disciples from Olivet; making the Holy 
 Scriptures a consistent whole showing that a 
 " new and living way " has been indeed opened 
 and " we are come unto Mount Zion, and unto 
 the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusa- 
 lem, and to an innumerable company of angels, 
 to the general assembly and church of the first 
 body who are enrolled in heaven and to God 
 the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men 
 made perfect, and to Jesus the Mediator of a new 
 covenant and to the blood of sprinkling that 
 speaketh better than that of Abel." 
 
 Revelation 14, 6. 
 
 " And I saw another Angel fly in the midst of heaven, 
 having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that 
 
OF EAST ANJJ WEST 8i 
 
 dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kmdred, 
 and tongue, and people." 
 
 O'er the gloomy hills of darkness, 
 
 Cheered by no celestial ray, 
 Sun of Righteousness arising, 
 
 Bring the bright, the glorious day. 
 Send the gospel 
 To the earth's remotest bound. 
 
 Kingdoms wide that sit in darkness 
 Grant them Lord ! the glorious light : 
 
 And, from eastern coast to western. 
 May the morning chase the night ; 
 And redemption 
 
 Freely purchased, win the day. 
 
 Fly abroad, thou mighty gospel ! 
 Win and conquer, never cease, 
 May thy lasting, wide dominions 
 Multiply and still increase; 
 Sway thy scepter, 
 Savior! all the world around. 
 
 William Williams, 
 A. D. 1791. 
 
CHAPTER EIGHT 
 
 THE WHITE STONE AND THE NEW NAME WRITTEN 
 
 Revelation 2, 17. 
 
 "To him that overcometh to him will I give of the 
 hidden manna. 
 
 " And I will give him a white stone, and upon the stone 
 a new name written, which no man knoweth but he that 
 receiveth it." 
 
 83 
 
CHAPTER EIGHT 
 
 THE WHITE STONE AND THE NEW NAME 
 WRITTEN 
 
 A PERIODICAL not long since published the 
 following account of an important discov- 
 ery. A farmer in one of the Dutch settle- 
 ments of southern Africa chose, some forty years 
 ago, for the passage of scripture at family wor- 
 ship the chapter in Revelation where this passage 
 occurs, Revelation 2, 17. *' To him that over- 
 cometh, to him will I give of the hidden manna, 
 and I will give him a white stone, and upon the 
 stone a new name written, which no one knoweth, 
 but he that receiveth it." A guest from a distant 
 part of the country, when worship was concluded, 
 remarked that the " white stone " in the passage 
 that was read, reminded him of the stones his 
 children played with at home, that they found on 
 the banks of a stream nearby; and drawing one 
 from his pocket showed it to his host and family. 
 Another guest present, who was an expert on 
 precious stones, at once pronounced it a valuable 
 diamond, and within thirty days from that time 
 three thousand persons were searching for these 
 
 85 
 
86 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 precious stones in what has since proven to be 
 the most extensive diamond mines in the world. 
 
 The incident is interesting as to the sugges- 
 tion, in so indirect a way of the similarity of the 
 two terms, a " white stone " and a diamond. We 
 see at once however how appropriate the compar- 
 ison is, as light is white and a diamond is even 
 scientifically considered chrystalized carbon, or 
 light. Did the risen Lord when He talked with 
 John in beatific vision have a diamond in His 
 thought ? — Yea, even a particular diamond. 
 
 The connection in which the gift occurs is very 
 suggestive. *' To him will I give of the hidden 
 manna." Manna we always very naturally asso- 
 ciate with the journey of the Children of Israel 
 in the wilderness. It came down like round par- 
 ticles of frost from heaven every morning, ex- 
 cept the morning of the Sabbath. But this daily 
 blessing could not in any sense be called '' hid- 
 den " manna, seeing that it was openly visible to 
 millions of people, who depended upon it as the 
 " staff of life." As a memorial of this great 
 gift, however, Moses was commanded to fill a 
 vessel with it and either to place it within, or in 
 some receptacle on the outside, of the Ark of the 
 Covenant in the Holy of Holies. 
 
 Exodus i6, 55 and ^4. 
 
 " And Moses said unto Aaron, take a pot, and 
 put an omerful of manna therein, and lay it up 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 87 
 
 before the Lord, to be kept for your generations. 
 As the Lord commanded Moses, so Aaron laid 
 it up before the Testimony, to be kept." Now 
 no one was permitted to enter the Holy of Holies 
 where this " hidden manna " was kept, but the 
 High Priest, and he but once a year, when he 
 came in an appointed way bringing with him the 
 blood of the sacrifice. This manna could be very 
 properly called " hidden." It was visible to no 
 one but the High Priest, and absolutely hidden 
 from all Israel. The promise of our Savior then 
 appears to be, so far as this gift of " hidden 
 manna " is concerned, that His people who re- 
 main faithful will be permitted to enter the Holy 
 of Holies above ; of which that in the Tabernacle 
 was but the shadow; through their union with 
 their Great High Priest, who has not only 
 passed into the heavens Himself but made a way 
 for them also. 
 
 Hebrews p, 24. 
 
 '' For Christ entered not into a holy place, 
 made with hands, like in pattern to the true; bur. 
 into heaven itself, now to appear before the face 
 of God for us." The manna may symbolize the 
 provision made in heaven for sustaining the 
 spiritual strength of His people, just as the 
 manna in the wilderness sustained the bodily 
 strength of all who partook of it. It implied 
 also that they have full access into the very Holy 
 
88 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 of Holies in heaven, much more free than the 
 access of Aaron when the Tabernacle was stand- 
 ing; for they are permitted to be there contin- 
 ually. The train of thought, then, in which the 
 '* white stone '' occurs is evidently in connection 
 with the Holy of Holies of the Tabernacle and 
 the Temple. 
 
 Another duty of the High Priest was to inquire 
 of the Lord before the veil that separated the 
 Holy of Holies from the Holy Place. When he 
 did this, he must be arrayed in a peculiar way, 
 for while there were three articles of his dress 
 that were like the dress of the priests, who as- 
 sisted him, he wore three articles that belonged to 
 him as High Priest alone; and that could not 
 be worn by any other. First, there was the 
 Ephod — that is two onyx stones set in gold and 
 attached to blue and purple fine twined linen and 
 worn one on each shoulder. Six names of the 
 Tribes were engraven on one stone and six on 
 the other. Second, The Robe, made entirely of 
 blue fine twined linen, and fitting his body closely 
 descending to his knees; and Third, what we are 
 especially interested in at this time: a breast- 
 plate. This w^as also of blue and purple, and had 
 attached to it, in some way, twelve precious 
 stones, arranged in four rows and set in gold. 
 On each of these stones the name of one of the 
 tribes of Israel was engraved. 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 89 
 
 Exodus 28, 21. 
 
 *' And the stones shall be according to the 
 names of the Children of Israel, twelve, accord- 
 ing to their names; like the engraving of a sig- 
 net, every one according to his name, they shall 
 be for the twelve tribes." The High Priest not 
 only represented Jehovah in the eyes of Israel; 
 in the eyes of Jehovah, he represented the people ; 
 and bore, as it were, the twelve tribes on his 
 shoulders when he went to inquire of Jehovah, as 
 to His will; and bore them upon his breast as 
 well. Now our Savior seems to promise that 
 those who " overcome " shall stand in the pres- 
 ence of Jehovah on high. They shall have what 
 was symbolized by this breast plate of the High 
 Priest ; but instead of twelve stones there will be 
 but one and it shall be a zi'hite stone. Now can 
 we discover the white stone in the High Priest's 
 breastplate, and the name upon it ? 
 
 Exodus S9, 8 and 14. 
 
 '* And he made the breastplate of cunning 
 work, like the work of the Ephod ; of gold, blue, 
 and purple and scarlet and fine twined linen. It 
 was four square; they made the breastplate 
 double, a span was the length thereof, and a span 
 the breadth thereof, being doubled. And they 
 set in it four rows of stones. The first row was 
 a sardius, a topaz and a carbuncle; this was the 
 
90 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 first row; and the second row, an emerald, a 
 sapphire, and a diamond; and the third row a 
 Hgure, an agate, and an amethyst; and the 
 fourth row, a beryl, an onyx and a jasper, these 
 were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings. 
 And the stones were according to the names of 
 the Children of Israel, twelve, according to their 
 names; like the engraving of a signet, every one 
 according to his name, for the twelve tribes." 
 Now what is the correct list of the twelve tribes 
 by seniority? Jacob himself gives it in the day 
 that he blessed them and prophetically disclosed 
 the characteristics of each. It is in the 49th Chap- 
 ter of Genesis, and this is the order : Reuben, Si- 
 meon, Levi, Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad, 
 Asher, Naphtali, Joseph and Benjamin. Or to 
 carry out the idea of the breast plate, and ob- 
 serving the order given, and writing the names 
 from right to left according to Hebrew writing, 
 we have the result shown on page 91. 
 
 The Diamond had engraven upon it the name 
 of Judah, of whom Jacob says in prophetic ut- 
 terance : 
 
 Genesis 4g, 8 and 10. 
 
 "Judah thee shall thy brethren praise; 
 Thy hand shall be upon the neck of thine enemies; 
 Thy father's sons shall bow down before thee. 
 Judah is a lion's whelp; 
 From the prey, my son, thou art gone up ; 
 He stooped down, he couched as a lion, 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 91 
 
 Levi Simeon Reuben 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sardius Topaz Carbuncle 
 Issachar Zebulun Judah 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Emerald Sapphire Diamond 
 Asher Gad Dan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ligure Agate Amethyst 
 Benjamin Joseph Naphtali 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beryl 
 
 Onyj 
 
 Jasper 
 
 And as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? 
 
 The scripture shall not depart from Judah, 
 
 Nor the rulers' staff from between his feet, 
 
 Until Shiloh come ; 
 
 And unto him shall the obedience of the people be." 
 
 And answering back through all the ages is 
 the voice from amidst the throng on high as John 
 heard it on the isle of Patmos. Revelation 5, 
 3 and 5. 
 
 '* And no one in the heaven, or on the earth, 
 or under the earth, was able to open the book, 
 
92 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 or to look thereon. And I wept much, because 
 no one was found worthy to open the book, 
 or to look thereon; and one of the elders saith 
 unto me, * Weep not ; behold the Lion that is 
 of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath 
 overcome to open the book, and the seven seals 
 thereof.' " May we not then believe that, as 
 the manna symbolized the constant supply of 
 spiritual strength His people will receive in 
 heaven, so this most precious of all stones, symbol 
 of light, itself chrystalized light, scientifically 
 chrystalized carbon, typifies the spiritual illumina- 
 tion His people will receive, and the " new name " 
 written upon it the way in which they are per- 
 mitted at all times to approach into the presence 
 of Jehovah Himself? 
 
 BUT WHAT IS THE, NAME THAT WILL 
 TAKE THE PLACE OF THE NAME OF 
 JUDAH? 
 
 The names, Lord, Jesus, Christ, are of course 
 Hebrew in their origin, and like all Hebrew 
 names are significant. The Old Testament 
 abounds in illustrations of this fact. The very 
 first name Adam — '' out of the earth." Call 
 him Moses said Pharaoh's daughter, " because 
 I drew him out of the water." Samuel, " asked 
 of the Lord." It is generally admitted that the 
 three names or titles of our Lord represent the 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 93 
 
 three offices He executes as the Redeemer of 
 His people. Christ our Prophet, to teach us, 
 and to reveal the will of God for our Salvation, 
 although we cannot, of course, dissociate any of 
 these titles from His work, as God-man, Me- 
 diator; yet as He appeared among men, and as 
 men recognized Him, as a man, or as a prophet, 
 or as King, we may also thus recognize Him. 
 Jesus, as the angel who brought His name said : 
 Call Him Jesus, for He shall save His people 
 from their sins." But He did this by offering 
 Himself, High Priest and sacrifice in one, so 
 Jesus represents to us His High Priestly office. 
 Lord, representing His Kingly office, ruling in 
 and reigning over all His people. Not merely 
 this, but owner, master, disposer. Now very 
 appropriately we find these three titles used to- 
 gether, generally, after His resurrection, and 
 when He became all these things to His church 
 by actual fulfillment. But it is quite interesting 
 to observe that we never do find them connected 
 together in the gospels, or eyen any two of them, 
 except in the title of Matthew's gospel. It is 
 either Jesus alone, or Lord alone, or Christ alone. 
 It is also remarkable that among the many names 
 given Him in the Old Testament, such as " Lion 
 of the tribe of Judah," " Shiloh," " stem of 
 Jesse," " wonderful," " counsellor," " Prince of 
 Peace," neither Jesus nor Christ is mentioned. 
 Perhaps this is to be accounted for by the fact 
 
94 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 that Jesus was the name by which He was to be 
 known as a " man among men." Christ was His 
 title as the Messiah and was not given until He 
 came. We must however except the title Lord, 
 for we have our Savior's own endorsement of a 
 Messianic Psalm in which it was used. 
 
 Luke 20, 41 and 44. 
 
 " And he said unto them. How say they that 
 the Christ is David's son? For David himself 
 saith in the book of Psalms : 
 
 The Lord said to my Lord, 
 Sit thou on my right hand, 
 Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy 
 feet. 
 
 David therefore calleth him Lord, and how is 
 he His son?" The title "son of David," car- 
 ried with it the idea of a King, — but Lord still 
 more so, so that we are warranted in considering 
 our Savior's title Lord, as meaning King, in- 
 cluding owner, master and disposer, and we shall 
 ■ always use it in this sense. 
 
 Let us now take up the names of our Lord in 
 the order given by Paul in his letter to the Co- 
 rinthians in the old version. First Corinthians, i 
 and 2, '' with all that in every place call upon 
 the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs 
 and ours." These names being significant, 
 should be used appropriately if the persons who 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 95 
 
 used them understood their meaning". If we find 
 them so used we have an indirect proof that the 
 scriptures are what they profess to be: a history 
 of current events in the Hfe of one who trod this 
 earth of ours, a '' man among men," and who yet 
 spake as man never spake, and w^ilUng-ly and in- 
 telHgently offered Himself a sacrifice for human 
 guilt. Claiming to fulfill in Himself ancient types 
 and prophecies, which may be summed up in 
 these three, a High Priest, like Aaron ; a Prophet, 
 like Moses; a King, like David. We will con- 
 sider the gospels first. 
 
 Jesus : 
 
 Matthew i, 21, 
 
 " And thou shalt call his name Jes^is, for it is 
 He that shall save His people from their sins." 
 Jesus is here expressly given to be the name by 
 which He should be known by His Mother, and 
 the members of His household, and among men, 
 as He took His place in the discharge of the 
 active duties of life, and yet it carries with it 
 the significance of a Savior, a human Savior, 
 who took our place; but this does not prevent 
 Him from being as He really is also a Divine 
 Savior. Notice as something quite remarkable 
 that this was the only name by which our Sa- 
 vior was known for thirty years of His life. 
 We have the record only up to the time He was 
 
96 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 twelve during this period, and there is certainly 
 no mention of Christ or Lord in connection with 
 these years. 
 
 Matthew i, 2^. 
 
 "And he (i. e. Joseph) called His name Je- 
 susr 
 
 Luke 2, ^2. 
 
 And Jesus advanced in wisdom and stature, 
 and in favor with God and men. 
 
 Luke 2, 4^. 
 
 " And when they had fulfilled the day, as they 
 were returning, the boy Jesus, tarried behind in 
 Jerusalem." And with this well known inci- 
 dent at the temple, when our Savior was twelve, 
 His history closes until He was thirty. But 
 when He comes after these years of quiet, humble 
 living in Nazareth, to enter upon His public 
 ministry this name Jesus is once more brought 
 forward. 
 
 Matthezv j, /j. 
 
 " Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to the Jor- ' 
 dan unto John to be baptized of him." 
 
 Mark I, p. 
 
 " Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and 
 was baptized of John in Jordan." This was the 
 name then by which He was known all these 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 97 
 
 years in Nazareth. Not as the Christ for He 
 had not yet made known His message or claimed 
 the office of Messiah; not Lord, for He was not 
 yet ready to claim His Kingship. But His of- 
 fice of Savior is the essential thing, and this is 
 always associated with His humanity. He recog- 
 nized His place as our substitute under the Law, 
 by consenting to a public baptism, but if any 
 name was used in this service to designate Him, 
 as with us, it was His human name Jesus. So 
 the record is: 
 
 Luke S, 21. 
 
 " Now it came to pass, when all the people 
 were baptized, that, Jesus also having been bap- 
 tized and praying, the heaven was opened and 
 the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily form, as 
 a dove, upon Him, and a voice came out of 
 heaven, * Thou art my beloved Son ; in Thee, I 
 am well pleased.' " 
 
 What a comforting thought that this approval 
 came upon the man Jesus, " bone of our bone and 
 flesh of our flesh;" our Savior from sin; and 
 John so points Him out the next day: 
 
 John I, 2g. 
 
 "On the morrow he (i. e. John the Baptist) 
 seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, ' Be- 
 hold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the 
 sin of the world.' " When our Savior was 
 tempted, it was as Jesus, 
 
98 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 Matthew 4, I. 
 
 " Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into 
 the wilderness to be tempted of the devil." 
 
 Luke 4, 4. 
 
 " And Jesus answered unto him, ' It is written, 
 Man shall not live by bread alone.' " 
 
 Luke 4, 14. 
 
 " And Jesus returned in the power of the 
 spirit into Galilee." This was after His victory. 
 But observe that there is no mention by either 
 Matthew or Luke, that it was Christ that was 
 tempted, or the Lord : although as we have said, 
 He was always both Lord and Christ as He now 
 is; yet in this narrative there is a consistent 
 reference to the fact that He was tempted in the 
 human form indicated by His human Name. It 
 was Jesus who repulsed Satan; and who all His 
 life " was tempted like as we are yet without 
 sin." But while Christ represents no doubt, the 
 prophetic office of our Savior, it is reserved for 
 the apostles to use this term with reference to 
 His teachings. For the most part, any reference 
 to our Savior where He was Himself on earth, 
 either to His teachings or miracles, is in the 
 name of Jesus. And this seems the natural way 
 to express it. Because He had left His carpen- 
 ter's bench, and had become a Rabbi, was no 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 99 
 
 reason why He should not still be known as 
 Jesus of Nazareth. 
 
 Matthew 4, ly. 
 
 " From that time began Jesus to preach, and 
 to say ' Repent ye ; for the Kingdom of heaven 
 is at hand.' " 
 
 Matthew y, 28 and 2g>, 
 
 " And it came to pass, when Jesus ended these 
 words, the multitudes were astonished at His 
 teaching, for He taught them as one having 
 authority and not as the scribes." In this name 
 He wrought miracles. 
 
 John 2, II, 
 
 " This beginning of His signs (referring to the 
 miracle of turning water into wine) did Jesus 
 in Cana of Galilee, and manifested His glory." 
 So all the writers without exception refer to all 
 miracles as not having been wrought by the Lord 
 or by Christ, but by Jesus. But Jesus also for- 
 gave sins, as the son of Man. 
 
 Matthew g, 2. 
 
 " And Jesus seeing their faith, said unto the 
 sick of the palsy, ' Son be of good cheer ; thy 
 sins are forgiven.' " As a sympathizing Savior, 
 He is also thus known: 
 
lOO THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 Luke i8, i6. 
 " But Jesus called them unto Him, saying 
 
 * Suffer the little children to come unto me and 
 forbid them not.' " 
 
 John II, J7. 
 Jesus Wept. 
 
 But above all as our Savior, in His office of 
 High Priest, He suffered in this name. 
 
 Matthew 26, 36. 
 
 " Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place 
 called Gethsemane, and saith unto His disciples, 
 
 * Sit ye here, while I go yonder and pray.' " 
 
 Matthew 26, 4. 
 
 " And they took counsel together that they 
 might take Jesus by subtilty and kill Him." 
 
 Matthew 26, ^0. 
 
 " Then they came and laid hands on Jesus, and 
 took Him." 
 
 Mark 15, 15. 
 
 " And Pilate wishing to content the multitude, 
 released unto them Barabbas, and delivered Jesus 
 when He had scourged Him to be crucified." 
 
 John 7p, 18. 
 
 " Where they crucified Him and with Him two 
 others, on either side one, and Jesus in the 
 midst." 
 
OF EAST AND WEST loi 
 
 Luke 2^, 4. 
 
 " And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, 
 He said, ' Father into Thy hands I commend my 
 spirit.' " Surely this dwelling upon His human 
 name, was no fortuitous circumstance. No ref- 
 erence to the Messiah, no reference to Him, as 
 King, except indeed in the superscription on His 
 cross, conceived by a Roman Governor, and even 
 this is in connection with Jesus of Nazareth. 
 It was as a human Savior He suffered in our 
 place. But it was Jesus also who rose from the 
 dead. 
 
 John 20, 12. 
 
 "And she (i. e. Mary) beholdeth two angels 
 in white sitting, one at the head, and one at the 
 feet, where the body of Jesus had lain." 
 
 Acts 17, 18. 
 
 Paul on Mars Hill — " Because he preached 
 Jesus and the Resurrection." 
 
 Romans 8, 11. 
 
 " But if the spirit of Him that raised up Jesus 
 from the dead." 
 
 / Thess. 4, 14. 
 
 " For if we believe that Jesiis died and rose 
 again, even so them also that are fallen asleep 
 in Jesus will God bring with Him." Surely we 
 are ready to exclaim, 
 
102 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 " How sweet the name of Jesus sounds 
 In a believer's ear, 
 It soothes his sorrow, heals his wounds 
 And drives away his fear." 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Christ: 
 
 It is quite remarkable, that as the human 
 name of our Savior, was first announced by an 
 angel from heaven ; so the other titles, " Christ 
 and Lord " were first announced by angels. This 
 does not imply that the Jews were not familiar 
 with these names, but that the angels were the 
 first to use them with reference to a particular 
 person. 
 
 Luke 2, II. 
 
 " For there is born to you this day in the city 
 of David a Savior, which is Christ the Lord/' 
 The name Christ, however is always significantly 
 used. A Messiah was the hope of Israel ; " for 
 which prophets and Kings had waited long but 
 died without the sight." 
 
 Matthew 2, 4. 
 
 " And gathering together all the chief priests 
 and scribes of the people, he (i. e. Herod) in- 
 quired of them where the Christ should be born," 
 — observe not Jesus but the Christ. Devils 
 knew Him, not as Jesus, but as Christ. 
 
OF EAST AND WEST. 103 
 
 Luke 4, 41. 
 
 " And rebuking them (that is the devils) He 
 suffered them not to speak, because they knew 
 He was the Christ." The High Priest adjured 
 Him when He was being tried for His life. 
 
 Matthew 26, (5j. 
 
 " I adjure thee by the living God, that thou 
 tell us whether Thou be the Christ, the Son of 
 God." 
 
 The rabble evidently associated the idea of a 
 Prophet, with this title for they said : 
 
 Matthew 26, 68. 
 
 " Prophesy unto us, thou Christ ; who is it 
 struck Thee ? " and John in closing his gospel 
 says: 
 
 John 20, J J. 
 
 " But these are written, that ye may believe 
 that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and 
 that believing, ye may have life through His 
 name." Our Savior Himself uses the title, or 
 rather explains it as the counterpart of Rabbi — 
 Teacher. 
 
 Matthew 2^, 8. 
 
 " Neither be ye called Master, (or Rabbi) ; for 
 one is your master (or Rabbi, teacher), even the 
 
I04 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 Christ." It is noteworthy that when the apostles 
 went forth to preach to men, their subject, was 
 the great teacher, Christ. It is even more used 
 than Jesus; most frequently it is Christ Jesus; 
 and again Jesus Christ, our Lord. They 
 preached a promised Messiah, who according to 
 promise had indeed come, and so we have nu- 
 merous references. 
 
 Romans 5, 6. 
 " In due season Christ died for the ungodly." 
 
 Romans 6, 8. 
 
 " Now if we be dead with Christ/' 
 
 Romans 8, 10. 
 
 " And if Christ is in you, the body is dead be- 
 cause of sin." 
 
 Romans 8, i/. 
 " Joint heirs with Christ/' 
 
 Romans 8, ^^. 
 
 . " Who shall separate us from the love of 
 Christ r " 
 
 Romans 10, 4. 
 
 " For Christ is the end of the Law unto right- 
 eousness to every one that believeth." 
 
 I Corinthians 15, 12. 
 
 " Now if Christ be preached." 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 105 
 
 But we need not multiply illustrations, a very 
 cursory examination will show that as Jesus 
 is the prominent name in the gospels, where the 
 object, evidently is to give us a history of our 
 Great High Priest as He lived and died for us, 
 so in the writings of the apostles, as we know 
 was the case in all their discourse, Christ was 
 the great theme. Many of the adherents of the 
 old church were Jews, and would be more in love 
 with this aspect of the gospel, not only as the 
 source of all their joy, but as the fulfillment of 
 all their hopes as children of Abraham. The 
 apostles themselves were all Jews. But in this 
 they followed also the example of our Lord Him- 
 self, for after His resurrection, the first discourse 
 He uttered, was directly in this line. This is 
 the burden of His conversation with the two 
 disciples as they walked to Emmaus. 
 
 Luke 24, 25 and 2y. 
 
 " And He said unto them, * Oh, Foolish men, 
 and slow of heart to believe in all that the 
 prophets have spoken ! Behooved it not the Christ 
 to suffer these things, and to enter into His 
 glory ? ' And beginning at Moses and from all 
 the prophets. He interpreted to them in all the 
 scriptures the things concerning Himself." And 
 so the early church were instructed to believe in 
 a Christ already come, as the Old Testament 
 Church had been trained in a Christ to come. 
 
io6 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 Hebrews p, 14 and 75. 
 
 " How much more shall the blood of Christ, 
 who through the eternal spirit offered Himself 
 without blemish unto God, cleanse your con- 
 science from dead works to serve the living God ? 
 And for this cause He is the Mediator of the 
 New Covenant,'' or New Testament. In the 
 prominence given this title of our Lord, we have 
 a sufficient reason, for a fact that has caused 
 no little discussion, given us in Acts 11, 26. 
 " The disciples were called Christians first in 
 Antioch." Certainly this name was not given 
 them by the Jews for they esteemed themselves 
 the true Christites or Messiahites. The Jews 
 always referred to the early Christians contempt- 
 uously, as the ' Sect of the Nazarenes,' or 
 the followers of Jesus of Nazareth." The name 
 Christians was evidently given them by Gentiles 
 who knew them as the followers of One who was 
 known among them as Christ. Just as the 
 Greeks took the name of their teacher, so they 
 gave the name to those who behooved in the 
 teachings of Christ. 
 
 Lord: 
 
 The remaining title we understand to mean 
 Master, Disposer; and to include much of what 
 we mean by Kingship. Certainly our Lord 
 claimed to be a King and He expressly uses the 
 title in connection with the claim, as we shall 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 107 
 
 see. The first reference to it, as we have ah-eady 
 stated is in the announcement of the angels to 
 the wondering shepherds on the morning of the 
 Advent. It is to be found only in a very few 
 passages in any of the gospels, but it is very sig- 
 nificantly used. 
 
 We have already referred to His question to 
 the Pharisees: 
 
 " If David then called Him Lord, how is He 
 his Son? " In this passage our Savior evidently 
 claims to be Jehovah King. It is very significant 
 that the use of this title of our Savior is almost 
 confined to the discourses He uttered, and His 
 acts, connected with the few weeks before He 
 suffered, and the days after His resurrection and 
 preceding His ascension. 
 
 Luke 18, 6, 
 
 " And the Lord said, Hear what the un- 
 righteous Judge saith." He who shall be the 
 King and Judge of all men, speaks of this as 
 one who know^s what righteous judgment is. 
 But when Jesus was about to make His triumphal 
 entry into Jerusalem we have the significant re- 
 cord: 
 
 Luke ig, ji. 
 
 " And if any one ask you why do ye loose him 
 (i. e. the colt) thus shall ye say ' The Lord 
 hath need of him.' " He did not say the prophet 
 of Galilee, Jesus of Nazareth hath need of him, 
 
io8 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 nor yet the Christ, the promised Messiah. He 
 used His Kingly title, because He was about to 
 claim before all men His Kingly prerogative. 
 But it is especially after His resurrection, and 
 during the days when He was upon earth after 
 His resurrection, that this title is most generally 
 given him. These were days of visible triumph. 
 The King had overcome that great King of Ter- 
 rors, who during four thousand years had kept 
 the world in bondage " through fear of death." 
 He had now risen, having broken the bars of the 
 tomb, leading " captivity captive." What name 
 so appropriate as Lord Jehovah King? 
 
 Luke 24, ^4. 
 
 " Saying the Lord is risen indeed, and hath 
 appeared unto Simon." 
 
 John 20y 20. 
 
 " The disciples therefore were glad, when they 
 saw the Lord." 
 
 John 21, 7. 
 
 "That disciple therefore whom Jesus loved, 
 saith unto Peter, * It is the Lord.' So when 
 Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord" 
 
 John 21, 75. 
 
 So in answer to the question of Jesus, Peter 
 says " Yea, Lord." 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 109 
 
 John 21, 21. 
 
 '' Peter therefore seeing him, Saith to Jesus. 
 * Lord, what shall this man do? ' " 
 
 So Thomas when his doubts were all removed 
 said, " My Lord and my God." So too the 
 epistles are full of this rejoicing. 
 
 2 Corinthians 5, 18. 
 
 " But we all with unveiled face reflecting as a 
 mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed 
 into the same image from glory to glory." Be- 
 holding the King in His beauty. 
 
 2 Timothy 4, 8. 
 
 " Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown 
 of righteousness, which the Lord the righteous 
 judge shall give me at that day." Who can give 
 crowns but the King? 
 
 Lord Jesus Christ: 
 
 It is quite significant that, the first time, these 
 three titles are brought together was on the day 
 of Pentecost, and this union occurs in Peter's 
 sermon. 
 
 Acts 2, s6. 
 
 " Let all the House of Israel, therefore know 
 assuredly, that God hath made both Lord and 
 Christ this Jesus whom ye crucified." The same 
 Holy Spirit who guided Peter, led the apostles 
 afterward to use the titles together frequently. 
 
mo THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 " Lord Jesus Christ "are well known names, es- 
 pecially in Paul's writings. But which of these 
 titles are connected with the person of our Sa- 
 vior in heaven ? Have we any suggestions given 
 in the appearances of our Lord after His ascen- 
 sion, or in the vision of the Beloved disciple on 
 Patmos ? Jesus is evidently one of these names, 
 as is shown from the following passages : 
 
 Acts p, 5. 
 
 Our Savior uses this name when He appears 
 to Saul on the way to Damascus. " And he (i. 
 e. Saul) said, * Who art thou Lord?' And He 
 said, * I am Jesus whom thou persecuted.' " So 
 also when Ananias came to comfort and teach 
 Saul ; " And laying his hands on him said, 
 * Brother Saul, the Lord even Jesus, who ap- 
 peared unto thee in the way which thou comest 
 hath sent me.' " 
 
 Revelation 22, 16. 
 
 '' I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto 
 you these things in the churches." Jesus then 
 is certainly one of the names by which our 
 Savior is known in heaven. But Lord is also 
 a title known there. 
 
 Acts 8, p. 
 
 " And the Lord said unto Paul in the night by 
 a vision, * Be not afraid but speak and hold not 
 thy peace.' " Our Savior says to John: 
 
OF EAST AND WEST in 
 
 Revelation i, 8. 
 
 " ' I am the Alpha and the Omega/ saith the 
 Lord God, ' which is and which was, and which 
 is to come, the Ahnighty.' " 
 
 Revelation 4, 11. 
 
 The Saints in glory cry *' Worthy art Thou, 
 our Lord and God." 
 
 Revelation 15, 4. 
 
 " Who shall not fear, O Lord, and glorify thy 
 name? " 
 
 Revelation ly, 14. 
 
 " For He is Lord of Lords and King of 
 Kings." These two titles are also used together, 
 that is Lord Jesus where our Savior is referred 
 to after His ascension. 
 
 Acts 7, 5p. 
 
 " And they stoned Stephen, calling upon the 
 Lord, and saying. Lord Jesus receive my spirit." 
 
 2 Thess, I, 7. 
 
 " At the revelation of the Lord Jesus from 
 heaven with the angelr of His power." The 
 very last reference on the name is very signifi- 
 cant. 
 
 Revelation 22, 20. 
 
 " He which testified these things saith, * Yes ; 
 I come quickly — Amen. Come, Lord Jesus ! * " 
 
112 THE BIBLE SIGNIFICANCE 
 
 These two names also have a special significance 
 when we remember the two symbols with refer- 
 ence to our Lord Jesus, as given in Revelation 
 5, 6. " And I saw in the midst of the throne 
 and of the four living creatures, and in the midst 
 of the elders, a Lanih standing, as though it had 
 been slain." Now a Throne is always a symbol 
 of kingly authority, and answers to the title Lord ; 
 while the slain Lamb always typifies, Jesus, our 
 great High Priest. These are the only two of 
 the titles that are used by our Savior Himself, or 
 by John in heavenly vision concerning Him. 
 The title Christ is used twice, but in both in- 
 stances in connection with the earth, not heaven; 
 that is with the mysterious " thousand years " 
 commonly known as the Millennium. 
 
 Revelation 20, 4. 
 
 " And they lived and reigned with Christ a 
 thousand years." From what we have been con- 
 sidering as to the meaning of our Lord's title as 
 King, does it not almost necessarily follow that 
 the thousand years cannot mean a personal reign 
 when it says, that they reigned with Christ and 
 not with the Lord Jesus? In the final end of 
 all things, He will reign in person, and John 
 means this, when he says " Even so come, come 
 quickly. Lord Jesus." To reign with Christ 
 would mean to be united with Him in His teach- 
 ing office and would carry the idea that for a 
 
OF EAST AND WEST 113 
 
 thousand years His truth will be triumphant in 
 the hearts of men. 
 
 In view of the foregoing, it seems quite certain 
 that the " New name written" which is of course 
 a symbol, like the stone itself, on the Diamond 
 of the Breast plate, in the place of the old name 
 " Judah," contains at least these two titles " Lord 
 Jesus." Observe how significantly the order of 
 these titles is changed. On earth, as used by 
 Paul and others, it is for the most part Jesus 
 Christ our Lord, the kingly title last, but in 
 heaven it becomes Lord Jesus, the Jehovah king- 
 ship being put first. The Redeemed in glory in 
 using these two names, remind us of Paul's for- 
 mula for confessing Christ: 
 
 Romans 10, p. 
 
 " If thou shalt confess with thy mouth Jesus as 
 Lord, and shalt believe in thy heart that God 
 raised Him from the dead, thou shalt be saved." 
 But in view of the fact that the " white stone " 
 is given to the victorious ones, " he that over- 
 cometh " perhaps we are warranted in saying that 
 all these titles are included in the " New Name 
 Written," for will not the Apostle Paul's as- 
 cription of thanks for victory, which will now 
 be seen to include much more than even he com- 
 prehended, be voiced by the Redeemed through- 
 out all the ages to come? " Thanks be to God, 
 which giveth us the victory through our 
 Lord Jesus Christ!" 
 
BS477 .T71 
 
 The Bible significance of East and West; 
 
 Princeton Theological Semmary-Speer Library 
 
 1 1012 00011 1379 
 
 ^^<Jt. 
 
 ^^^^