BX 5505 .K55 D88 1878 Dwyer, Philip. The Diocese of Killaloe froi the Reformation to the V ARMS OF THE BISHOPS OF KILLALOE AND SEAL OF THE DEAN AND CHAPTER. \Tliis See bears Pearl, a Cross Sapphire, betzveen four Trefoils, Emerald, one in each Quarter, on a Chief of the Second, a Key erected, bow downwards. Topaz.'] It is valued in the Kitigs Book by an extent returned Anno. 28 Eliz. at 20 1. Sterl. (Harris' Ware.) AUTOGRAPHS OF BISHOPS OF KILLALOE, &c. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE FROM THE UEFOBMATION TO THE CLOSE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. BY REVEREND PHILIP "^DWYER, A.B., VICAR OF DRUMCLIFFE AND CANON OF DYSERT, IN THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE. " IP THE LOED HIMSELF HAD NOT BEEN ON OUK SIDE WHEN MEN ROSE UP AGAINST US."— Psalm CXXIV. DUBLIN : HODGES, FOSTER, AND FIGGIS, PUBLISHEES TO THE UNIVEKSITY. 1878. 1 Digitized by tlie Internet Archive in 2015 https://arcliive.org/details/dioceseofkillaloOOdwye A WORD TO THE READER. It may be allowable to mention that the following pages were written amidst the manifold cares and labours incidental to a parish minister. Also, that the writer knew of no diocesan his- tory from which to borrow hints or summon help as to the manner in which such a work were best designed and carried out. And accordingly it may perhaps be looked upon with a little indulgence, as being the first attempt hazarded to pene- trate the unexplored recesses of diocesan life in the Reformed Church of Ireland, and to make accessible the full dis- closures. The writer would again thank the good friends who have furnished so many private documents of value, and remarks that he has used the authorities relied on rather in the v/ay of exact citation than of loose reference — preferring accuracy of detail to smoothness of narration. The general reader must considerately bear in mind that matter has been largely intro- duced for the sake of those connected with the diocese by family ties; and it is hoped that such will possess themselves of a volume which contains a relation of the heroism and constancy of their forefathers. Though the work is narrative rather than controversial, an interesting episode of the latter kind will be found in a note on page 81, in Appendix VIII. The Appendix on Confiscations (V.) is cut short, owing to the great space it would have occupied if given in full. The illustrations have considerably increased the expenses of publication. The delay in completing the work was unavoidable. Philip Dwyer. BiNDON Street, Ennis, March 23, 1878. ) EIGHT statute: miues to one inch CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. In the Diocese of Killaloe have survived not a few rich and varied specimens of venerable ecclesiastical structures, from which, even without the aid of public records and local tra- ditions, a pretty fair knowledge may be gained of the time and manner in which Christianity was promulgated and spread within the present diocesan borders. The same remark appHes especially to the Dioceses of Kilfenora and Inniscattery, and even in some degree to that of Roscrea. Thus, for instance, the earliest form of ecclesiastical structure is the Beehive House. And (to use the words of Mr. Wakeman in his useful Hand- book, p. 59) "A fine and hitherto unnoticed example occurs upon the rock called Bishop's Island, near Kilkee, upon the coast of Clare. It measures in circumference 115 feet. The exterior face of the wall, at four different heights, recedes to the depth of about one foot, a peculiarity not found in any other structure of the kind, and which was probably introduced with the view of lessening the weight of the dome-shaped roof. Adjoining this is an example of the second class of ecclesiastical structure, the Oratory, the erection of which is attributed to Senan, who lived in the sixth century, and whose chief settle- ment was at Scattery Island." So far of the remains of the "Island of the Starving Bishop," as it is called. But of oratories there are other specimens. Passing by the oratory at Nouhaval, called by the natives Davoran's Tomb, and the remains of two others at Carran Church, on the road between Lemaneigh Castle and New Quay, we may find additional B 2 INTRODUCTORY. specimens of these remarkable structures on little islands and in lonely corners, as well as in more frequented localities— all standing as lasting memorials of the individual energy and heroic devotedness which animated the standard-bearers of the Cross in the prosecution of their great work. The form of this class of structure is peculiar. It is a stone house of diminutive size, constructed of cemented masonry of a superior class. The side walls are usually prolonged beyond the gables at the ends. The doorway is in the west, of massive blocks and sloping jambs. Some have an over-croft or upper chamber, doubtless to relieve the weight and be a sleeping-place for the hermit ; and the roof is of stone. Some are built of rectangular slabs in overlaid courses. In others the interior is spanned by a barrel-vault. "Wherever the masons may have come from, or whether Oriental models or traditions may have been before their minds, the earlier forms of oratories recall the Cloghauns of the Isles of Aran — a kind of building of stones laid one upon another, which are brought to a roof without any manner of mortar to cement them, some of which cabins will hold * forty men on the floor, so ancient that nobody knows how long ago any of them were made ; scarcity of wood and store of fit stones, as that, peradventure, found out the first invention. So far Mr. Brash in his *' Ecclesiastical Architecture," p. 7, &c., also the Author of " H lar, or West Connaught," p. 6, Ed. Hardiman. And it further would appear from the greater number of these structures on the Clare mainland, within easy reach of Aran Islands, that there can be little doubt of some bold " fellow- workers " in the Christian husbandry having laid the first foundations of piety and sowed the small grain of mustard seed diligently " among the infidels from Corcomroe." And thus the Isles of Aran became to the adjacent "West of Ireland what the great missionary settlement on the Island of lona under St. Columba became at first to the Eastern mainland of Scotland,t and afterwards to a wider circle of ecclesiastical illumination. But, however all this may be decided, two mis- sionaries or hermits, Flannan and Mollua, have their names * In ithe interior of one of these clohauns is laid by Mr. Burton the scene of " The Aran Fishennan's Drowned Child." t See note at end of chapter. INTRODUCTORY. 3 identified with tlie two oratories whicli stand to this day, the one on Friar's Island and the other on the Clare side of the Eiver Shannon, where Lough Derg had contracted into rapids, and the " Clare's ford " supplied a constant stream of pas- sengers between Eastern and "Western Thomond — some bent on business, some on pleasure, the more part, doubtless, on occasions engaged in cattle-lifting, which had a strange blended relish of both. But here they were sure to encounter those who would draw them, as well as they knew how, from sordid cares to Christian hopes and holy duties. Molina's oratory, on Friar's Island, is somewhat damaged, j'et its main features are easily discernible. But though his oratory is dilapidated, yet his name is associated with that of the diocese, Killaloe being pronounced by the learned to have come from Kil-omullua, or Kil-da-hxa, " the Church of my Lua." On the other hand, Flannan's oratory, or rather the addition to it, after a narrow escape from complete destruction, is now in a state of security, having been carefully repaired in the year 1852 through the judicious energy of Bev. W. Edwards, A.M., at that time Economist and Curate of Killaloe.* But if the diocese is called after Lua, or Mollua, the cathedral is called after Flannan, — these two worthies thus fairly di\T[ding the honours of ecclesiastical renown, the one at the crown and centre, the other over the widely-extended circumference of the diocese. The cathedral stands to the south of the supplemental portion of the oratory of St. Flannan, and with its great spreading shadows cast by the slanting sun of early eve obscures its humble predecessor. As to the exact time in which the cathedral was first built and under what circumstances rebuilt and repaired, and subjected to any further changes in its formation, full in- formation vnR be found in Appendix. Of the ecclesiastical buildings intermediate between the Bee- hive structure, with the pointed oratory on the one hand, and the cathedral and abbey on the other, only a brief notice is allowable in this Introduction. According as the hermit adventurer gathered converts around him, and " a flock " grew large enough to require extended accommodation for joint worship, an attempt was made to erect a building of a span to require the covering of a roof, and this often in close proximity * Sec Appendix II., suh fin. li 2 4 INTRODUCTORY. with the original oratory. So it is at Carran, so at Sladoo — a lonely place amid a wilderness of rocks in the parish of Carran in Burren Barony. The walls here are built with very small stones, the gables are rounded at the corners, the roof seems to have been arched like a bridge. There is a bench of stones all round the inside of the walls, evidently used for seating the congregation. The old simple stone-altar or slab still stands. Adjacent is what is called a Druids' altar, with a grave at the west end for the reception of the ashes of the dead in common. Near hand are two wells, called holy ; also two cahirs, or stone forts, the stones not displaced, nor the floor disturbed. Probably this was an original settlement of Pagan immigrants, who have thus left behind the surviving traces of their dreary system and of the better hopes they afterwards entertained, and it is for the professional antiquarians to decide upon, or rather, perhaps, to wrangle over the jDosition. Other structures of this class exist, as " Temple-Cronan," a small church, nearly as old as Christianity in Ireland, and that equally ancient and well-preserved structure facing the Isles of Aran and standing by the Atlantic coast on the townland of Crumlin. But many specimens are extant of the class in advance of this, such as Oughtamama, Nouhaval, Disert, and Holy Island — all in Clare and Galway. The great feature of this class is their having a chancel divided off by a bold centre arch. But for further particulars reference is directed to Dr. Petrie's profound architectural speculations and to Lord Dimravan's exquisitely beautiful volumes of photographic illustrations. And thus it was, that as individual converts were gathered into congregations, so also congregations in turn came to require the bond of diocesan unity and that combined action of many pastors and parishes under one Episcopal head of which the cathedral became the crown and centre. Al- though, indeed, in Ireland particularly, the ecclesiastical pro- gress often ended in, if it had not originated from, the abbey and the monastery, as exponents of a system of com- plicated centralization ; or, to use the words of the learned writer of "Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland " (Introduction, p. 37):- " At home the Church was struggling against a lawless and savage Paganism, in the midst of which neither life nor pro- INTRODUCTORY, 5 perty was secure, and against a state of society in which a Christian Hfe was impossible, except in a community exclusively Christian. Hence the monastic character impressed upon Irish Christianity from its first introduction into the island. A coeno- bite association (not always rigidly confined to one sex) seemed the natural and almost the only means of obtaining for their inmates all the rites of the Church — those which could be administered by priests and those of which the proper minister was a bishop only. Hence the monastic bishop of the Scottish houses. The abbot or superior may have been a presbyter only or a layman, or, as in the case of St. Bridget and her dependent abbesses, even a woman. But a bishop was always connected with the Society, although without diocese or jurisdiction, and bound, like other inmates of the monastery, to render an absolute obedience to his monastic superior." And to the same effect Dr. Reeves, in his learned edition of Adamnann's life of St. Columba, Additional Notes, p. 364 : — " The officers and servants of the community were at first but few ; however, as the system became developed, the duties became defined, and agents in the various departments multi- plied. Those which are recorded were — the abbot, prior, bishop, scribe, anchorite, butler, baker, cook, smith, attendant, mes- senger ; to whom was added in after times the President of the Culdees." Again, he remarks : — " Those who desired to follow a more ascetic life than that which the Society afforded to its ordinary members withdrew to a solitary place in the neighbour- hood of the monastery, where they enjoyed undisturbed meditation, without breaking the fraternal bond ; the abode of such was called, from the Latin, desertum.* They agreed in their preference for the Presbyterate, their observance of the old-fashioned Easter, the anterior Eastern tonsure, and seclusion from female society." It is a remark- able fact that many of the monastic churches, which grew in after times to be bishops' sees, were formed by presbyters. The great promoters of the conventual system sought no higher order than such as would enable them, con- sistently with the vows of humility, to administer the Saci"a- ments and conduct the ordinary devotions of their fraternities. The abbatial office gave them all the jurisdiction of the Episco- * E.g., Dysert and Kill-dysert. 6 INTRODUCTORY. pate witliout its responsibilities, and little more was left to the bishop than the essence of his office — the transmission of holy orders, with the personal reverence that was due to the holder of so important a commission." And to the like eflFect may be noted the remark of Archbishop Usher in his Discourse on Religion of Irish, chap. vi. : — " Of the regulars there was a great number in Ireland, because here almost all the prelates were ■wont to be chosen into the clergy out of the monasteries. For our monasteries in ancient time were the seminaries of the ministry ; being, as it were, so many colleges of learned divines, whereunto the people usually resorted for instruction, and from whence the Church was wont continually to be supplied with able ministers." Thus, then, while it will be allowed that much is due in the dark ages to the monastery and abbey, and many may have been the ways in which they proved beneficial, yet, on the other hand, the injurious effects impressed by these institutions both upon the parochial and diocesan systems were many, and great and of long duration. While the richer offerings, the fairest lands, and (after the institution of tithes in Ireland) the greater tithes fell to the share of the abbey and the monastery, the work of the parish was entrusted to the " vicarius," or substitute priest — and a very pitiful substitute indeed he was. "With his slender store of learning and miserable way of living, he soon lost all influence for good upon the wild chieftain, and sank into worth- less companionship with the cowkeeper and the kerne. And the Reformation, instead of curing, perpetuated these sore evils ; nay, even intensified them. The benefices formerly appropriate to monastic institutions now became impropriate in lay patrons — (see Browne, Eccl. Law, p. 22) — and conse- quently no clerical ministrations of any kind were available in consideration of the greater tithes ; also this deficiency of clerical labour took place chiefly in and around the place where the monastery or abbey stood, wliich in many cases had grown into an important town or city. And thus the parishes most needing rich endowments and numerous labourers were involved in the opposite conditions. And it is well known how the Crown seized upon the lands and tithes — not regard- ing (as Bishop Jeremy Taylor put it) " the good, but the goods of the Church" — and passed them away in every direction 1^TR0DUCT0RY. 7 with a reckless profusion among hungry courtiers and manifold claimants. Indeed the spirit of ecclesiastical spoliation had become so rife that the Roman Catholic lords and gentlemen of Ireland could not be led to restore anything even in the days of Philip and Mary. And afterwards, when the Conven- tion sat at Kilkenny, Carte tells how the Provincial of Augus- tins was hissed out of the house by the lay impropriators and gentlemen, and that he threatened to wipe off the dust from his feet and those of his friars, and to bend his course beyond the seas, if the possessions of his Order were not restored. (Carte i. 367. Ann. 1642.) Nor was this all. Not only had the parochial and diocesan systems been each reduced to a low condition, but one of them, the diocesan, was made to swallow up a great portion of the other. Attention is directed particularly to the system of bishops in bishoprics that were slenderly endowed, or rather indeed abundantly robbed, supplementing an utterly inadequate income by holding livings in commendam under the Act of 25 Henry VIII., c. 21. Examples of this are, alas, forthcoming in the ensuing narrative. And then, again, the sad detail requires notice of the alienations, retentions, depressed settings and unscrupulous farmings out of the lands and tithes still left behind to the Church, as practised only too often by ecclesiastics of high degree. As if to point with most glaring illustration the moral not only that a man's but even a Church's foes shall be they of their own household, a class of bishops came upon the stage of affairs of whom the following is related as their most eminent and memorable achievement : — " The bishoprics were dilapidated by fee-farms and long leases at small rents. These had been granted by the Pojiish bishops, who resolved to carry with them as much as they could, and partly by their Protestant successors, who might fear another turn, and were, having their example, disposed enough to make use of the same arts. By such means on the one side and on the other, many bishopricks were made extremelj'^ small, some reduced to £100 per annum, and some to £50, as Waterford and Kilfenoragh, &c. ; some to five marks, as Kilmacduagh, and particularly Cloyne, the Bishop of which was called ' Epis- copus quinque markarum,' or the Five Marks Bishop ; Aghadoe was £1 6s. 8d., Ardfert £60; Limerick had about 8 INTRODUCTORY. five parts out of six made away by fee-farms or encroached upon by undertakers. The like was done in Cashel, Emly, Water- ford, Lismore, and Killaloe." (Bramhall's "Works, vol. i., Ap- pendix xviii. Lib. Anglo-Cat. Theol.) And to this must be added the systematic neglect of the Crown " Termor," or lessee, to fulfil the conditions required by his contract in reference to repairs of chancels, not to men- tion other terms of his contract unfulfilled, nor to expatiate on his systematic invasions of ecclesiastical rights, commenced in barefaced fraud, carried forward by perjury, and upheld by violence and intimidation. All these hostile forces acting upon the Church from without and from within, further impoverished what had been freely plundered, in so much that, of the Church of the Reformation period and of the Diocese of Killaloe, not less than others, the old saying seems to hold good — " Nil habuit Codrus et tamen infelix hoc perdidit omne." Of all this, abundant evidence will be adduced in the follow- ing pages. As to the original form and size of the Diocese of Killaloe — per se — it may have been influenced, as in other cases, by the civil boundaries. " The principality of Thomond, generally called the county of the Dalcassians, comprised the entire of the present county of Clare, the parishes of Inniscaltra and Clon- rush, in the county of Galway, the entire of Ely O'Carroll, the baronies of Ikerrin, Upper and Lower Ormond, and somewhat more than the western half of the barony of Clanwilliam, in the county of Tipperary. The baronies of Owneybeg, Coo- naght, and Clanwilliam, and the eastern halves of the baronies of Smallco'y and Coshlea, in the county of Limerick. Having thus defined, according to the best historical evidences, the extent and boundaries of Thomond ; the county Clare, in Regno. Elizabeth, was properly called Thomond, or North Munster." So far the learned writer of the " Ordinance Survey of Clare." (Antiquities in R. I. A. 14, c. i. page 9.) On this it is only to be observed that the boundaries continue the same, with the exception of the line bordering on the county of Limerick, to the south of which only one parish, that of Stradbally Union, still belongs to the Diocese of Killaloe, the rest having been most probably separated and attached to Limerick on the forfeitures which ensued after the Desmond INTRODUCTORY. 9 or some othei' rebellion, in which some of the Mac O'Briens of Coonagh and of North Limerick had implicated themselves deeply. The Diocese of Roscrea, lying to the north-east, was added to that of Killaloe late in the 12th century. Traces of the ecclesiastical structures connected with the head-quarters at Roscrea remain to this day, and present features of no slight success attained in the cultivation of the graceful and beautiful in architecture. The diocese seems to have originated in a great ecclesiastical seminary, and was of but limited extent, not going beyond the little Brosna River on the north, and restrained by a mountain range on the east, by the Shannon on the west, and on the south by the great plain of Ormond. In fact, this diocese seems to have been exactly the same as the territory of the O'Karvils or O'Carrolls, with that of the O'Kennedys added on. A curious light is recently shed upon these times and upon the relation of Killaloe to Roscrea Diocese, from the learned researches of Mr. Sweetman. (Calendar of Documents, Ireland, a.d. 1171—1251. No. 2,760.) " Donatus, Bishop of Killaloe, writes to the King thanking him for commanding the justiciary of Ireland to cause an inqui- sition to be taken as to what lands the Bishop's church had been deprived of, transmits the inquisition, and prays the King to persevere in his good purpose of exalting the Bishop's church. " Inquisition (issued) as to whether the lands of Roscrea ought to belong to the Bishoprick of Killaloe, by whom they were alienated, and what they were really worth — taken at Roscrea on "Wednesday next after the feast of SS. Peter and Paul, a.r. 29, before , a jury, who say that in time past Murchercath MacBren ravaged the lands of Herman and Hely-O'Karrill, and levelled five castles there, whereupon the King's force and Council in Ireland assembled at Roscrea to expel M. MacBren. The lands were at that time in the hand of Cornelius O'Heny, then Bishop of Killaloe, as of right belonging to his bishoprick. The King's Council commenced fortifying a castle on the Yill of Roscrea, by erecting a moat and wooden toM'er. Meanwhile Henry, Archbishop of Dublin, from England, Justiciary of Ireland, repaired by King's directions to the Vill. Hearing this. Bishop Cornelius came thither and prohibited a castle or any 10 INTRODUCTORY. fortification from being constructed in his ecclesiastical posses- sions, and said that if they proceeded further therein he would excommunicate the justiciar}' and the whole army. Thereupon the justiciary and the army prayed Bishop Cornelius on behalf of the King and for the common good that they might be allowed to fortify the moat and the wooden tower until the termination of war, undertaking in the King's name that the Bishop should then have the Yill and its appurtenances or the just value thereof. The Bishop thereupon granted permission accordingly. In this manner the lands of Roscrea were alienated. These lands are annually worth 35 marks of silver, and the Custodee of Roscrea receives the marches as his fee." Another diocese was added to Killaloe, in the south-western extremity, namely, that of Inniscattery. The bishoprick of Limerick and Inniscattery were, according to "Ware, united about the end of the twelfth century, but, according to Usher, the possessions were divided between Limerick, Killaloe, and Ardfert. Saint Patrick is liberally credited with the foundation of this see, also with a prophecy of Senanus. But people were as much over-inclined towards the sham supernatural in old times as they are now averse from the true. The founder was Senanus, a native. And he owes more for being generally known by the Irish public of this century to the graceful lyric of the poet Moore — Oh ! haste and leave this sacred isle — than to the doggrel Latin of the Hagiographer Colgan. It is curious to note the traditionary' or legendary impressions con- nected with Inniscattery. They chiefly run on two points — first, how to turn out the Piach, or serpent, which had got possession of the isle, and, secondly, how to prevent the woman from gaining possession. " For, legends hint," That had the maid Till morning's light delayed, And given the Saint one rosy smile, She ne'er had left his lonely isle. For more on this and other localities the Topography of parishes iji the Appendix must be consulted. Kilfenora, a diocese situated on the north-west of the county of Clare and of rather small extent, was added to Killaloe in the INTROnUCTORY. 11 middle of last century. " There are no accounts to be depended upon concerning the time of the foundation of the see of Fenabore." Dr. Todd specially mentions it as one of those dioceses in which the district which owed allegiance to the chieftain, and was inhabited by his followers, became the proper field of labour to his bishops and clergy ; and this was the first approach made to a diocesan or territorial jurisdiction in the Church of Ireland. Thus the bishopric of Cillmhic-Duach (now Kilmacduagh) is the ancient territory inhabited by the clan of the Ui-Fiachrach. The diocese of Kill Finnabrach (now Kilfenora) was the tribe-land of the Corca-Modmaidh, or Corcomroe. The founding of this diocese is usually attributed to St. Fachnan, of whom nothing certain is known. It is said that his brother founded a religious house at Ross. There is a very old monumental slab in the Cathedral of St. Fachnan, at the south corner under the east window, which is accepted by local tradition to have been erected in honour of this saint. His costume is remarkable, being e^'idently the tunicle or dalmatic. His tonsure seems frontal, as that of the Greek Church. The manner in which he holds (not a book, as erroneously asserted, but) the chalice is primitive and catholic (see further in Reeves' Adamnan, p. 350 ; Palmer's English Ritual, Appendix, Vest- ments, II. 309 ; and the Ritual Commissioners' Report, p. 383). As bearing on elevation, the following is laid down in the latter reference : — " The elevation of the blessed Sacrament was not incorporated formally into the law of the "Western Church before the beginning of the thirteenth century, The account given by Cardinal Bona is clear and concise (Rerum Liturgica- rum, lib. 2, ch. 3, sec. 2). Archbishop Peccham, consecrated 1278, appears to have first introduced into England this custom." On the passing of the Church Temporalities Act in 1833, Clonfert and Kilmacduagh dioceses were added to the union of Killaloe and Kilfenora. It may not be superfluous to notice the area and ao'eagc, the situation, shape, and natural advantages of the territory com- prised within the present limits of the united diocese. The area of Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert, and Kilmacduagh, is of very considerable extent, including the entire county of Clare, except some parishes near Limerick city belonging to Limerick diocese, and is found also in parts of Tipperary, King's County, 13 INTRODUCTORY. Limerick, and Gralwaj^, and covering the vast space of 1,707,851 acres, or taken separately — InKillaloe .... 1,038,125 „ Kilfenora .... 135,746 „ Clonfert .... 394,320 „ Kilmacduagh . . 139,660 In respect of sliape the united diocese of Killaloe and Kil- fenora alone extends in length for over 100 miles from the Sleive Bloom Mountains in the north-east along the borders of the Queen's County to Loop's Head on the south-western extremity at the mouth of the Shannon. Its breadth varies from about thirty-two miles at its widest part, which is from Castle Connell to Blackhead, down to nine miles at the nar- rowest, near Parsonstown (see Beaufort's and the Royal Com- missioners' maps). For such matters as its situation and natural advantages, the student of social science and economical progress in the West of Ireland is referred to the writings of Arthur Young, Button, Wakefield, Sir Robt. Kane, and to the Reports of the Fishery and Devon Commissioners. But natural advantages, whether of situation or of soil, have been little availed of. Things remain — or rather relapse into — such state as they were found in three hundred years ago, the pastoral largely predominating in the West. Killaloe Cathedral and the Episcopal seat, although not exactly in the centre of the united diocese, are generally accessible by railway communica- tion from the three chief diocesan angles lying on the northern, eastern, and western extremities of the diocese — viz., Ballinasloe, Nenagh, and Ennis. Indeed, lines connecting these towns form a triangle containing the main central portion of the united diocese. What falls outside is easily and about equally reached from these three points. The history of the temporalities of this united diocese within the period under review is mixed up in a considerable degree with the fortunes of the houses of Thomond, Clanrickarde, and Oliver Grace. The distribution and valuation of the bishopric, rectories, vicarages, and dignities as given in the King's Books stand as follows, none being found for Killaloe prior to King Charles I., although Bishop Rider alludes to parishes taxed in the King's Book. The particulars are to be found in INTRODUOIOllY. 13 "Valor Bcneficiorum Ecc. in Ilibernia," Dublin, 1743, Ex shaw, p. 21, and in this instance have been tested carefully by comparison with the original in the Record Office. It may be also observed that most of the valuations in other dioceses were made in prior reigns ; but doubtless fit Commissioners could hardly be found to execute such a trust in Tipperary or Clare at an earlier period with anything like completeness. Besides, the Commissioner named was a County Clare man, Mr. Dela- hoyde ; and, above all, the livings were so poor and mean as not to bear taxation. "Rectories not exceeding 5/., and vicarages not exceeding 6/. 13s. 4c?., being both exempted from taxation for firstfruits." From the " Valor Bcneficiorum " in Record Office : — " Taxatio et extenta dignitatum et bcneficiorum spiritual infra diocesen prajdict, noviter fact per Rowlandum Delahoj^de, militem et alios Commissionarios virtute Commiss. Dni nostri Regis Caroli iis directcc et returnata? in hoc scaccarium termino Sancto Michajl, anno Reg. diet. Dom"' Regis Caroli quinto." DICECESIS LAONENSIS. Sterling. 1. Episcopatus, t& £20 0 0 2. Decanatus 5 6 8 1 6 8 6 0 0 2 0 0 6. Archi Diaconatus ... 3 6 8 7. Praeb. de Clonydagad (vasta) 0 10 0 8. Prasb. de Tomgreney. 5 0 0 9. „ Eath-blanage . 1 6 8 10. „ Enuis Cathie . 4 0 0 3 0 0 12. Praeb, et R. de Dysert 2 0 0 13. „ deTullo 3 0 0 14. „ de Clondagad . 0 10 0 (Seems given above already.) 15. Rect. de Ogashin ... 3 0 0 6 0 3 0 „ de Traderry . . . 16. „ de Kilmaferboy 17. „ de Dromclyffe, als Ogormuck 18. Rect. de Killinaboy . . . 19. „ de Rath 20. „ de Kilkeedy ... 21. „ deObloyde 5 0 0 (Quajre O'MuUod, but perhaps here called and spelled more closely after Blod, son of Cass.) 0 0 6 8 6 8 0 0 Rect. de Eoscrey „ de Birra „ de Moydriney . „ de Moysse (now called Monsea) Yic. de Clonrush „ delnishecaltragh „ de Castle Connell „ de Quyn „ de Clonee „ de Durey „ de Kilmurry als Dufi'keyue . . . „ de Tomfyulagha. „ de Kilmalyra ... „ de Kilcomery ... „ de Clonloghan . . . „ de Bouratty „ de Clonadagad... „ de Kilfedan „ deKillafin „ de Kilmurry „ de Kilamory „ de Kilfieragh ... „ de Moartagh . . . „ deKilbannyhoyne „ de Killai-dagh ... „ de Killyf erby . . . Sterling. £7 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 6 13 4 0 6 8 0 6 8 2 0 0 0 10 0 0 13 4 0 6 8 0 6 0 10 0 5 0 13 0 5 1 8 0 10 0 6 8 0 6 8 0 10 0 0 6 8 10 0 0 10 0 0 13 4 0 10 0 0 13 4 14 INTRODUCTORY. Sterling. 49. Vic.deKilmakacloweii£0 10 0 50. „ de Dromcliff, als O'Cormock ... 0 13 4 51. Eect. de Killanora (sic) et Vic. ejus- dem 2 0 0 52. Vic. de Eath-blanage 0 6 8 63. „ de KiUeneboy ... 0 5 0 54. „ de Kilkidye 0 6 8 56. „ de Killeneawgh .10 0 56. „ de Moysey 1 0 0 57. „ de Kneagh 1 0 0 58. „ de Kilbarrayne... 3 0 0 59. „ de Ard Cromey 60. „ de Ballyngarry . 0 13 4 61. „ deUskean 10 0 62. „ de Bm-resakeyn .10 0 63. „ de Fynough 0 10 0 64. „ de Moydriuey ... 3 0 0 65. „ de Oghill 0 10 0 66. „ de Burgcssbogga 0 6 0 67. „ de Eoscrey 2 0 0 68. „ de Burrechiu ... 0 6 8 69. „ de Dowcorrchin .050 70. Eec. et Vic. de Fin- glassye 0 10 0 71. Vic. de Templeno- hoi-ry 0 13 4 72. Eec. et Vic. de Kil- comya 0 10 0 73. Vic. de Soyanrone ... 0 13 4 74. Eec. et Vic. de Kil- murry 75. Vic. de Etagh 013 4 76. „ deBirra 3 0 0 77. Eec. et Vic. de Kel- terlana 1 0 0 Sterling. 78. Eec. et Vic. de Ky- nity £2 0 0 79. Vic. de Eossma- crowe 0 10 0 80. Eect. de Clonfert Mollore 0 13 4 81. Eect. de rynagh ... 3 0 0 82. „ de Durragh ... 3 0 0 83. Vic. de Aglyneclogh- rane 1 0 0 84. Vic. de Ballylough- cugn 1 0 0 85. Eec. de Baunagli- cayne 3 0 0 86. Vic. de Killausow- lagh 0 10 0 87. „ de Clonleagh... 10 0 88. „ de Kilfinaghta . 10 0 89. „ deKilteelagh .10 0 90. „ de Killokendice 10 0 91. „ de KiUnoe 2 0 0 92. „ de Killuran ... 0 15 0 93. „ deOgonoka(tliis seemed in original rather like de Ogo- nola) 2 0 0 94. Vic. de Moynoe 0 15 0 95. „ de Kiltanaleigh 10 0 96. „ de Kilbraghtas 10 0 97. „ deTullo 3 0 0 98. „ de Templemalie 0 15 0 99. „ de Insicronane. 3 0 0 100. „ de Dysert 4 0 0 101. „ de Finagh 0 5 0 102. „ deKilchrist ... 1 0 0 103. „ de Killidisart .200 104. „ deKilmihiU ... 1 0 0 The title in the printed vol. of the " Yalor Beneficiorum " gives the following abridged heading : — " Ha;c extenta et Taxatio partim facta fuit 5 anno Car. I., per Rowland Dela- hoide et alios Commissionarios." The taxation of Kilfenora district is not given in the King's Books, doubtless owing to the tenuity of the endowments. In the Appendix will be found the topography of the parishes briefly set forth from the best authorities, also a map on the lines of Dr. Beauford's. The events connected with the internal and external state of the Church within the limits of the Diocese of Killaloe and Kilfenora it shall be our aim to record. The task is not lightly entered upon, and is more difficult than even the indulgent INTRODUCTORY. 15 may be ready to allow. Should, however, this sketch of a diocesan history serve in ever so slight a degree to cheer along the path of Christian devotedness those whose ancestors fought the good fight of faith ; should these pages direct the attention of others outside to a diocese long placed in most trying cir- cumstances, the labours of the writer will not be altogether lost, nor the censure of presumption prove intolerable to him. That he has enjoyed the help of kind and learned friends must be evident. Their names shall be mentioned in connexion with the manuscripts they lent and the helps they have given. On the other hand, local advantages and access to some private collections have resulted in too many instances in but slender additions to what had been already published by Bishop Mant and Archdeacon Cotton, &c. Indeed, Ware's lament too often turned out true : — " I have found so few memoirs of the Bishops of it (viz., Kilfenora), that I am under a necessity of owning that the following catalogue of them is very lame and imperfect." And Archdeacon Cotton re-echoes the lament : — " In truth the lists of succession in almost every diocese are defective ; and the information which could be gleaned respecting individuals very scanty." Note, p. 2. — Aran Islands.— Colgan, in vit. S. Endei Abbatis Ara- niensis (p. 704) die 21 Januarie, draws the following glowing picture : — " Auro illo saeculo quinto, quo ccBlestium astrorum numerum Sanctorum syderibus sacra Insula Hibemice prope cequabat, ccejjit mirabilis con- versio et mirifica conversatio, S. Endei Abbatis," &c. Colgan, how- ever, relates that the records of the Island are lost— a loss, indeed, when the facts known are so few, and the fictions so freely spun round them have given to the whole account the complexion of a mediaeval romance. CHAPTER II. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE REIGN OF KING HENRY VIII. The question whether the King of England or the Roman Pontiff was to be supreme in England and in Ireland in all causes spiritual and temporal became mature for decision in the reign of King Henry YIII. Nor was this a novel con- tention. On the contrary, as Sir John Davis remarked in his " Speech at the censuring of Recusants " (Calendar of State Papers, King James I., 1605, No. 580), "The prerogative of the King in matters Ecclesiastical is no new thing invented in the time of King Henry YIII., Edward VI., or Queen Elizabeth, but hath been a flower of the Crown from the beginning, ever since any Church had been planted in England or Ireland And as the law had given the King this power and jurisdiction, so had it excluded all foreign princes and prelates, and particularly the Bishop of Rome That was the voice of the people in open Parhament at that time Before the Statute of Premunire, the ancient common law was, that whoever brought a bull of excommuni- cation against any of the King's subjects was adjudged a traitor .... thus the law utterly excluded the Pojje He spoke of the old common law and statute law for 400 years before King Henry YIII. was born. The judges who expounded those laws were not Protestants, but old Popish judges, learned in the canon law. Not one king since the Norman Conquest but had claimed and used that authority." As to the Acts re- establishing the King's supremacy, which was the first step of reformation, it will be remembered that in the year of our THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC. 17 Lord 1537, King Henry VIII., having had his supremacy in the Church of England " recognised by the clergy and autho- rized by Parliament," naturally desired the establishment of the like supremacy in the Church of Ireland. Accordingly a Parliament was summoned in Dublin, and at length, notwith- standing thobstancie of the spiritualitie used in this cession," the Supremacy " Bills overcame all opposition, and were passed into law." But another Act was also passed in the year 1541, at the suggestion of Bishop Staples of Meath, by which Henry was declared to be not " Dominus," but "Rex Hiberniae," " which style and name of Rex Hibernics shall no doubt put many fantasies and opynions out of Irishmens heddes, that they held before to the contrary : and especially that abhominable error, that the most of them reputed the Busshop of Rome as hedd and King of this land, For prouffe and experiment of the same to be true, divers of them sithens, rather inclyned to obedience and conformitie." (Cal. St. Papers, Pt. III., H. YIII., page 341.) And the Bill was read, and declared to the said Lords, who most willingly with all the rest of the Lords spiritual and temporal consented to the same : and after three times read with lilce consent, it was sent to the lower house, where it likewise passed with no less joy and gladness. Among " the names of such Lords both English and Irish as were at the same, who gave their liberal consents thereunto," we read as the representatives of the Diocese of Killaloe : — Episcopus Lawonensis. Episcopus Duanensis = Duacensis, or Kilmacduagh. Episcopus Clonfortensis. "We also find the heads of the laity connected with the diocese well represented by proxies, \'iz. : — Istinondum / Procuratores Domini Obrene. sunt de Par- J Willielmus de Burgo, sue nacionis capitaneus. liamento. ) Donat Obrene. ( Ubi supra, page 307.) The proxies of the first party above, Sentleger calls " deputies assigned by the greate Obrien to be for him in the Parliament." The letter of Sentleger to King Henry VIII. announces the passing of this Act as a step of the greatest importance to the King, and tells how " all the hoole Howse moste willinglye and joyouslye condissended c 18 THE DIOCESE OF KILLAT.OE IX THE and agi-eid to the same ;" he adds, " and for that the thing passeth so joyously, and so miche to the contentation of every person, the Sonday foloing ther were made in the citie great e bonfires, "wyne sette in the stretis, greate festinges in their howses with a goodly sort of gunnes." The King on this occasion issued a proclamation for a genei-al pardon, And the said Sonday, all the Lordes and gentilmen rode to your Chirche of Sent Patrikes, where was song a solempne masse by the Arche- bisshop of Dublin, and after the Masse, the said Acte proclaymed ther in presens of 2000 parsons, and Te Deum song, with greate joye and gladnes to all men. And forbicause my riches is small, I have sente Your Majestic a poore paier of gloves of silke, beseching Your Majestie to accepte the same so simple a preseute, as of him that wold as gladly presente yow with the empier of hoole worlde, if it were in him to gy^'e ; beseching Almighti God to send Your Excellente Magcstie no lesse honour than the moste honorable that ever raigned in erthe. Your Magestes humble subject and sarvant, Antony Sentlegek. It would be a grievous omission if we did not give one other extract from the letter just quoted in reference to the Speaker of the House and the object sought in the session. The writer uses the following terms : " and the Friday following being assembled in the place of Parliament accustomed, the Commons presented unto us their Speaker, one Sir Thomas Cusake, a man that haath right painfully served your Majesty at all times ; who made a right solemn proposition in giving such laud and praise to your Majesty, as justly and most worthily your Majesty hath merited, as well for the extirpation of the usurped power of the Bishop of Rome out of this your Realm (who had of many years been a great robber and destroyer of the same), as also for your innumerable benefits showed unto your Realms and subjects of the same." That the effects of the Supremacy Laws should have been anticipated as injurious, and resisted accordingly by the Court of Rome, is only what might be expected to have taken place in a land which had proved a mine of wealth to the Bishop of Rome, as Sentleger states above— in a land, too, where the Pontilf had devoted adherents ready for any amount of treason and conspiracy, which they might justify to themselves on the score " that the King's Highness is an heretic against the faith because he obeyeth not and believeth not the Bishop of Rome's primacy," ( Ubi supra, p. 147.) Besides this, these men were reckless, who " troll have all, or lose all." REIGN OF KING HENRY VIII. 19 The attitude which the SpirilKaliti/ assumed is now presented. On the one hand Archbishop Browne of Dublin writes to Crumwell thus : " Concerning even his Diocese of Dublin and province of the same, where the King's power ought to be best known, yet that notwithstanding, neither by gentle exhortation, evangelical instruction, neither by oaths of them solemnly taken, nor yet by threats of sharp correction, can I persuade or induce any, either religious or secular, since my coming over once to preach the Word of God, or the just title of our most illustrious Prince." The Archbishop then censures their incon- sistency, " who will now not once open their lips in any pulpit for the manifestation of this, although they used to preach very often until the right Christians were weary of them." And again he deplores that " there is never an archbishop or bishop but myself made by the King but he is repelled, even now by provision." (S. P., vol. ii., H. VIII., part III. pp. 539, &c.) The conduct towards the " Fourme of Beades " indicates the existence of an intense opposition to the Royal supremacy. And Archbishop Browne complains to Crumwell of one Prebendary Humphrays playing a daring trick indicating this opposition : " When the form of beades should have been customably read in the man- ner set forth, the Prebendary scorned to read them, and the preacher went up into the pulpit and there began to read them to the people. He had only read three or four lines, when the parson began the preface and the choir sang, insomuch that the beades were unbidden." The Archbishop complains, " they be in manner all at the same point with me. There is an twenty- eight of them, and amongst them all there is not three learned of them, nor yet scarce one that favoureth Grod's Word." ( Ubi supra, iii, iii., p. 7.) And the Archbishop, vehemently pressing his demand for a Master of Faculties, tells Crumwell how the friars expect now daily to bring the people's minds to their own " lewre that they mought be once again esteemed as young Godes — which God forbid they should.'' But then, on the other hand, it must be remembered that the supremacy was insisted upon as a crucial test of loyalty due to the Crown on the part of the Church. In the ordinances for Ireland of 153-i the follow- ing appears : " Forasmuch as it is notorious and manifest that the abominable abuse and usurpation of the Bishop of Rome's jurisdiction, by his pro-visions and otherwise, hath not only c 2 20 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE destroyed the Churches of Ireland, but also been the most occasion of the division and dissension amongst the people of the said land, and the desolation, ruin, and decay of the same, the King's Highness, like a most virtuous Christian Prince, above all things desiring the repressing of any enormity or abuse which by any means might tend to the violation of the laws of God, or be an occasion to his people to digress from charity or Christian manners — willeth and straightly chargeth and commandeth his deputy and council of that land, that they and every of them, endeavour themselves to their powers to resist the said Bishop of Rome's provisions and other his pre- tensed and usurped jurisdiction according to the statutes there- upon provided, and the like to be enacted there the next Parliament." In 1583 Bishop Staples of Meath writes : " Over this mine advice shall be, that his Lordship appoint some means how that such bishops as had their Bulls of the Bishop of Rome, by our Sovereign Lord's commandment may bring in their Bulls, cancelling the same, and to have some remembrance from his Highness, which shall stand them in like effect with the same.'' {Ubi supra, iii. iii., p. 28.) Cowley to Crumwell deplores the ejection, from a diocese in the West, of Bishop de Angulo or Nangle, the King's presentee, in favour of " one Roland Burke, who purchased Bulls from the Bishop of Rome," and adds, " Nothing was executed of the King's pleasure in that behalf, whereby general recourse is daily to Rome by religious men of the Irish nation and papisticalls, so that where in time past they repaired to the King's Highness to obtain his Grace's denomination, thej'- go now immediately to Rome, and obtain what they pursue, so that there be now lately five bishops in Ireland, by the Bishop of Rome's authoritj^, besides abbots and priors. And never so much suit from Ireland as now to Rome, all by permission and sufferance, without any persecuting." {TTbi supra) Grey, in 1538, took a tour, "setting forward towards Ofaley, 17th June " ; and in Limerick the following is related by him to have occurred: — "And after this I called before me the Bishop of Limerick, Coyn or Quin, and had him sworn likewise, according to the tenor of the Act of Supremacy, and hath commanded him to have all his clergy sworn, and the same to be certified unto your Chancery." [Ubi supra, p. 59.) And in "Galway he took the like order with the Bishop." REIGN OF KING HENRY VIII. (P. 60.) The Council writes to Crumwell of a tour they took and of what they did at Clonmel. This is most valuable in evidence. " We kept sessions this day, and on Sunday the Archbishop of Dublin will preach here likewise, as he did in other places before mentioned, in the presence of all the Bishops of Munster, who, upon our commandment, been repaired thither for the most part already, and or (ever) they depart shall be sworn to the supremacy of the King and against the Bishop of Rome." (P. 115.) And as to the actual execution of this determination, the Council again to the same writes (p. 117) : — " At Clonmel was with us two archbishops and eight bishops (why not the Killaloe Bishop among them as a Suffragan of Cashel Province?), in whose presence my Lord of Dublin preached in advancing the King's supremacy and the extinguish- ment of the Bishop of Rome. And, his sermon finished, all the said bishops, in all the open audience, took the oaths mentioned in the Acts of Parliament, both touching the King's succession and supremacy, before me, the King's Chancellor. And divers others there present did the like." Nor was this all. In 1542 Henry VIII. to Deputy and Council writes thus (S. P. III. III., 430) : " Seventh, we be pleased that the late Master of Any shall be preferred to the Bishoprick of Emolye for his election ; and to such Bishops as you shall think meet for his consecration as to take his oath and homage according to the minute which you shall receive herewith, — which oath our pleasure is that all Bishops to be hereafter made in that our realm of Ireland shall make unto us. And being these things done by you our Deputy, we will that by like war- rant hereof, you our Chancellor shall with the advice consent and Oversight of our Deputy make out and deliver to the said Bishop such and as many our writs and other writings under our seal in your custody as in such cases be requisite." The King again in the case of another Bishop writes in 1543 ( ubi supra, p. 476) : — " We have granted that the Bishop of Clonfert shall have the said Bishoprick confirmed unto him by our letters patent, so that he cancell and utterly renounce the Bishop of Rome's bulls and grants of the same ; &c. &c."' How fully then is the following official language of the Arch- bishop of Dublin borne out : — " It appeareth plainly that the said Bishop of Rome hath nother autoritie ne pour, in this land 22 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE nor never had by Goddis Lawes'' (S. P. III. Ill,, H. VIII., p. 565). It is to be fairly presumed that the Bishop of Killaloe, who voted for the title of " King in Parliament in 1537, also took the oath of supremacy and abjured the Pope as Head of the Church ; and that the Bishop in any intermediate vacancy of the see of Killaloe (such as in the case of O'Corrin), until Cornelius O'Dea, did the same. Of this latter the follow- ing entry appears in " Morin's Patent Bolls" (I., p. 130) : — " 20, Election of Cornelius O'Dea, Chaplain to the Earl of Thomond, to the Bishopric of Killaloe, vacant by the resignation of James Curyn ; " also " consecration of Cornelius O'Dea, July 12th, 1546." Bishop O'Dea therefore may be well pre- sumed to have obtained and held his office upon a solemn renunciation of the Pope's authority. The attitude taken by the Laity of the Diocese of Killaloe in this reign is patent and beyond all reasonable dispute. In the " State of Ireland "* it is narrated that there " Reigneth over sixty chief captains in Ireland, and every one of them liveth only by the sword, and obeyeth no other tem- poral person, but only to himself that is strong. And every other said captain maketh war and peace for himself, and holdeth by the sword, and hath imperial jurisdiction within his own room (or, territory), and obeyeth to no other person, English ne Irish, except only to such persons as may subdue him by the swcrd." " Hereafter folowyth the names of the Chyef Iryshe Regyons and Countreys of Twomounde and Chyef Captaines of the same : — Obryen de Toybryen, Chyef Captaine of his nation. Okenedy de Oromounde, „ „ OcherweU de Ely, „ „ Omeaghyr de Ikery „ „ McMahunde de Bruye-Colls de Corkvaskyn „ Ochonochour de Corkenruo „ „ Ologhlyn de Boryn „ „ Ograde de Kenall Downall „ „ Obren de Arraghe* „ „ * State Papers, Henry VIII., vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 1. t From river Arra, which runs by Nenagh and falls into Shannon at Dromineer. REIGN OF KING HENKY VIII. 23 Omolryan de "When, or Ownej^, Chj'ef Captaine of his nation. O'Dwyer de Kylnemanagh „ McBren de Coonagh „ „ The relation of Ireland to King Henry VIII. must have caused him much anxiety. On the one hand there was a foreign Potentate claiming to be the Sovereign Lord in both Temporals and Spirituals, and, on the other, there were the sixty captains, " reigning, every one of them — living only by the sword, and obeying no other temporal person but only himself, that is strong, and each one making war and peace for himself, and holding by the sword, and exercising Imperial jurisdiction, and obeying no other person, English or Irish, except only such persons as may subdue him with the sword." Here then were two extreme forms of rule in Ireland, both clashing with the King's authority. And the latter was not a heptarchy as once in Saxon England, but no less a thing than a Keltic Sexagintarchy, or a dominion of sixty, such as is related above. If the King broke with the foreign power and trode down its pretensions, it was needful that he should not break with but rather conciliate the sixty captains or as many of them as he could turn to his part. And in particular, of these formidable gentlemen the King had need to make fast friendships with those whose territories lay so far west of the English pale as Munster, and whose subjugation would involve the assembling of large armies and supplies, and the fitting out of vast and costly flotillas. The submission, then, to the Crown of any of these captains, and above all of such distinguished leaders as the Lords of Thomond and Inchiquin, and the Tanists McNemarroe and O' Grady, must have been regarded as a grand stroke of policj^, to be celebrated with pomp and ratified by gains. In fact, the whole thing was to be made very pleasing to the ambition and material interests of the Irish captains. Accordingly, after several negotiations, the chief of these captains. Sir Donnough Obryen, wrote to the King a letter of submission, in which he addresses him as " under God my ledge Lord and vice Dei," and adds that though he made submission to the Deputy now in Ireland and had pardon under the Great Seal, yet his mind is never satisfied till he has done the same to the King's Grace in his own person, whom he most desires 24 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE to see above all creatures on earth living, now in his old days, which sight he doubts not but shall prolong his life." The Deputy also wrote to apprize the King that Sir Donnough in company with his uncle, Lord O'Brien, had determined to do his duty to his Majesty and to recognise his humble obedience for the same. And " as he is a gentleman of hardy courage, and one that of long time hath right faithfully served his highness, the Deputy trusted that this access to his Majesty and the sight of his princely magnificence and the savouring of his most kingly bounty shall totally confirm him to good civility and order whereunto he is much given by his own inclination." Accordingly, on Sunday July 1st, in the thirty-fifth year of King Henry VIII.'s reign, there was a most imposing spectacle elaborated to impress the minds of the native Irish chieftains in a manner favourable to the Imperial power of England and the magnificence of the King. Of this the King writes, " "We be pleased that O'Brien coming in and doing his duty and making his submission unto us, &c., &c., be advanced to such honour and degrees as here- after shall be specified." " The Queen's closet at Greenwich was richly hanged with cloth of arras and well strawed with rushes." The Earls and Baron to be created, viz., Moroughe O'Brien, William Burgh, and Donoghe O'Brien, in companj', went to the Queen's closet aforesaid, and there after sacring of High Mass put on their robes of estate with all the King's noble Counsell with other noble persons of his realm, as well spiritual as temporal, to a great number, and the Ambassadors of Scot- land, &c., &c. ; then came in the Earl of Thomond, the Yiscount Lisle, bearing before him his sword the hilt upwards, Gartier before him bearing his Letters Patent ; and so pro- ceeded to the King's Majesty. At length Secretary read them openly. And when he came to " Cinduram Gladii,'" the Viscounte Lisle presented to the King the sword, and the King girded the said sword about the said Earl bawdrickewise, the foresaid Earl kneeling, and the Lords standing that led him, and so Clan- ryckard the second Earl was created there in everything according to the ceremony of the first Earl. That done, the REIGN OF KINO HENRY VIII. 25 Baron was had in, the patents read, and when he came to " investinnis " he put on his robe. And so when the patent was read out, the King's Majesty put about every one of their necks a chain of gould with a cross hanging to yt, and took them their Letters Patent, and they gave thanks to him. And there the King's Majesty made five of the men that came with them Knights. Then they all took leave of the King's Highness, and were conveyed, with their Letters Patent in their hands, to the Council Chamber underneath the King's Majesty's chamber, appointed for their dining place, in formal order. After the second course, Gartier proclaimed their Stiles in manner following : — Du Treshault et Puissant Seigneur Murrough O'Brien, Conte de Tomond, Seigneur de Insecoyne, du Royaulme de Ireiande. Du Treshault et Puissant Seigneur Guillaume Bourghe, Conte de Claunryckarde, Seigneur de Downkelleyn, du Royaulme de Ireiande. Du Noble Seigneur Donoghe O'Brien, Seigneur de Ybrakan, du Royaulme de Ireiande.* It must be particularly noticed that the King, writing to the Deputy and Council, especially points out the limitations under which he creates " O'Brien Earl of Thomonde." This is only " for terme of his lief, and his son after him to be Baron of Enchequine." As to Sir Donough O'Brien, Baron of Ibrackain, he writes : "We have given him all such lands as he now possesseth * The five newly -made Eaiights were : — 1. McNemarroe. The Deputy and Council wi-ote urgently to the King in behalf of McNeman-oe, " an Irish Captain, bordering upon O'Brien's lands, and Lord of ClencuUen," pressing that he be advanced to the honour of a Baron. 2. O'Shafnessy is described as " a goodly gentleman dwelling twixt Thomond and Connaught, who would only take his lands of your Grace." 3. Denys. 4. Grady was from Kinnell Downell, in Thomond ; in fact, from Tom- graney, or Termon-i'-grady. 5. Wyse. 26 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE beyond the Shanon to him and his heirs masles, having also appointed him in the Letters Patent of his Uncle to be Earl of Thomond for the term of his life," an arrangement which caused much 1 rouble to Clare in aftertimes. The four Earls and Barons appointed also got each one " summe house and pece of land near Dublin for the keeping of their horses and trains at their repair to our Parliaments and Councils in Dublin." For instance, "Conor 3rd Earl of Thomond, l^th Nov., 1582, entered into articles with John Bath of Drumconrath, who obliged himself to find his Lordship 4 boys, 4 horses, also horse and man meat as often as he came to Dublin." — Lodge. The King's Majesty also gave them their robes of estate, and all things belonging thereunto, and paid all manner of duties belonging to the same, also pensions to the Earl of Clanrickarde and Lord Inchiquin. The King also, for the expenses required for the journey from Ireland b}' the O'Brien, lent him 100/., which was to be handed to him * " in harp grotes," in default of other money available in the Irish trea- sury. And Clanrickarde, Thomond, Inchiquin, and the rest no doubt took the King's oath in the words which stand in the indentures of O'Donnell, O'Neil, and Lord Barry, which runs thus : — " Quod renunciabit religuet et adnihilabit pro jwsse suo, usurpatam anctorilatem et Primaciam Romani Pontijicis," One extract more must suffice on this head. Lord Gray to the King writes {iibi supra, p. 59) : — " I went to Limerick and remained there a week, in which time I called the Mayor before me and his brethren, and there had them sworn unto your Majesty according to the tenor of the Act of Supremacy, and there further had them sworn ' to refuse usurpid powre of the Byshopp of Rome, ' which things, after their humble and bounden duties unto your Majesty, without stop or grudge, they conformed themselves to ; and further, I commanded the Mayor to have all the commonalty of the city in likewise sworn, and to certify the same their oaths unto your chancery." Thus, the renunciation of the Pope became an accomplished * Simon, on Irish Coins, says of these : — "In 1530 the harp was now first put on Irish coins. All these groats (struck with certain differ- ences) weigh from 36 to 39 grains, and were probably struck at the rate of 40 grains each— that is, 141 pieces to the lb." — (Simon, Reprint 1810, p. 32.) REIGN OF KING HENRY VIII. 27 fact in the reign of Henry YIII. throughout Ireland generall}', and was accepted by the Bishop and chieftains of Killaloe Diocese ; in particular by those acting as the legitimate represen- tatives of the clergy of the diocese, and of the laity of Thomond. But the subject which, above all others, concerns this Diocesan History, is the policy which was laid down in detail by King Henry VIII., atd deliberately carried out by him in dealing with the Temporalities of the Church. His Majesty remarks to the Lord Deputy upon this subject, "And for the better alluring of those of the remote parts, we shall not much stick to let them have some 06 the religious houses which shall be suppressed in their countries, in farm, at such reasonable rents as you shall think meet, so as we may be in surety to be answered of the rents as appertaineth." (State Papers, vol. iii., H. YIII., pt. iii. p. 334). On the occasion now under review — of the creation of Moroghe O'Brien, Earl of Thomond, for term of his life and his son after him, to be Baron of Inchiquin, the King writes to the Deputy and Council " that he has given to him all such lands as he hath and possesseth, at this present, in Thomond, on the further side of the river Shannon, and also all such abbeys as he hath in his possession in Thomond aforesaid, to him and to his heirs masles. We have also granted unto him the gifts of all benefices spiritual being of our patronage within the compass of the said lands, bishop- ricks only accepted." The King adds, " We have created Mc William Earl of Clanrickarde, and have granted him estate, &c., &c. We have also given unto him the gift and disposing of all such parsonages and vicarages as be of our gift within the compass of his lands and possessions aforesaid (bishopricka except), with the third part of the first fruits growing of the same towards the maintenance of his estates. Further, we have also granted unto him and his heirs masles, the Abbey de Via Nova, in the Diocese of Clonfert, which is now in the possession of his son, being of the yearly value of forty marks sterling or thereabouts." [Ubi supra, p, 474.) As to the Baron of Ibrickane the King remarks that to him he has given the Abbey of Ellennegrane (or, as more correctly stated in the patent, Ilaun-na-Gannanagh, or Canons Island), a rich island at the mouth of the Fergus and Shannon, and the moiety of Clare Abbey already in his possession. 28 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE Anotter question remains, — namely, what progress was made with the reformation of the Church, outside of the essential and primary requirement of the utter negation of Papal Supremacy in the reign of King Henry YIII. In elucidation of this point a few illustrations are submitted. A glimpse of the state of Ireland in the reigns of Edward IV., Edward V., Richard III., Henry VII., and perhaps under Henry VIII., is given in a curious paper composed by an author styled the " Pandar." (State P., II., III., H. VIII., p. 1, &c.) " The noble folk of Ireland oppresseth and spoileth the prelates of the Church of Christ of their possessions and liber- ties, and therefore they have no fortune ne grace, in prosperity of body ne soulle. " Who supported the Church of Christ in Ireland save the poor Commons ? by whom the Church is most supported right well, by them most grace shall grow." (Page 10.) Again the Pandar showeth " that the holy woman Saint Brigitta used to enquire of her good angel many questions of secred dyvine, and among all other, ' Of what Christian land was most sowlles damned ?' "The angel showed her a land in the "West part of the world (!) " She enquired the cause why. " The angel said, ' For there the Christian folk died most out of charity ' (! !) " She enquired the cause why. " The angel said, ' For there is most continual war, root of hate and envy, and of vices contrerary to charity, and without charity the sowlles can not be saved.' " And the angel did show to her the lapse of the sowlles of Crystyn folk of that land, how they fell down into hell as thik (thick) as haylle shewrys (hail-showers) (! ! !) " And pity thereof moved the Pandar, for, after his opinion, this is the land the angel understood. " For there is no land in this world of so long continual war within hymsellf, ne of so great sheding of Chrystyn blode, ne of 80 great rubbeing spoyleing praying (the Pandar surely meant making preys, not prayers) and burnings, ne of so great wrong- ful extortion continually as Ireland. REIGN OF KIMG HENRY Vlll. 29 "Wherefore it cannot be denyed by very estymation of man but that the angel did understand the land of Ireland." In the " State of Ireland, and Plan for its Reformation, anno 1515 " {ubi supra), the following is assigned among the causes of the extreme wretchedness of Ireland : — Some say that the Prelates of the Church and Clergy is much cause of all the misorder of the land. For there is no Ai'chbishop ne Bishop, Abbot ne Prior, Parson ne vycar, ne any other person of the Church, high or low, great or small, English or Irish, thatuseth to preach the Word of God, saving the poor Fryers beggars. And ther wodde {sicj do cesse, there can be no grace. And ivithout the special grace of God this land may never be reformed. And by preaching and teaching of Prelates of the Chui-ch, and by prayer and oryson of the devout persons of the same, God useth always to grant the abundance of his grace. Ergo, the Church not using the premises is much cause of all the mis- order of this land. Also the Church of this land use not to learn any other science but the Law of Canon, for covetyce (sic) of lucre transitory. All other science, whereof grow none such lucre, the Parsons of the Church doth despise. (P. 16.) In 1541 Cusake, to the Council, gives the following striking reason of the failure of administering the laws of the realm : — These orders ne non other shall take good effect among them for lack of knowledge of the laws of God and the King's laws of that his Majesty's realm. For they never hear the word of God preached among them, and in divers places little or no christening used. Wherefore after my poor mind, it were requisite that every bishop made and to be made shall preach certain times in the year in his diocese, or else find one to preach for him, or be fined, toties quoties, ten pounds. In " certain decrees for the Reformation of Ireland," John Travers deplores the state of the inhabitants of the realm in these terms : — " For the more part they have of long time and yet hitherto be ignorant of the true doctrine of Christ, for lack of preaching of the same which hath caused them to neglect due obedience to God and the King. " It shall be for remedy thereof necessary that the Archbishop of Dublin, my Lord of Meath, and such others as favour the gospel, do instruct the Irish bishops of this realm, causing them to relinquish and renounce all Popish or Papistical doctrine, and set forth sincerely, within each of their diocese, the true word of God." 30 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC. Among " the Irishmen's requests " we find first that of O'Brien ; and whether it was made sincerely or not sincerely, it must have been the re-echo of a very general persuasion, not only in England but also in Ireland, even in Henry YIII.'s reign. " Item. That there may be sent into Ireland some well- learned Irishman (? men) (sic in p. 463, S. P., vol. iii., part iii., Hy. VIII.), brought up in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, not being infected with the poison of the Church of Rome. "And they to be ajDproved first by the King's Majesty, and then to be sent to preach the word of God in Ireland" I CHAPTER III. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE REIGNS OF EDWARD VI. AND MARY. In the reiga of King Edward VI. appear but slender notices of the Bishops or of the Dioceses of Killaloe and Kilfenora. The Crown gave pardon to Cornelius O'Daye, Bishop of Killaloe, and again October 24th, fourth year of reign. Also there was made a " conveyance from Maurice Earl of Tomond, to Cornelius O'Dea of the Castle of Desert ( = Dysert) in Thomond .... lying between the land of Dromfeiglas and the territory of Rath, on the north, and the land of Donald Vechlanaghi, or Clancy, of Kyll Ennayne (= Killenena) on the south, and the lands of the Sept of Ydeane (? the O'Deas) on the south and west ; to hold for the term of his life, at the rent of a red rose, with remainder to Dermot O'Dea, son of the Bishop, for life. And the Earl appoints Thady and Donat O'Breene, his sons, his attorney, to give seizen of the castle to the said Lord Cornelius the Bishop.''* (Morin, i. 261.) This certainly indicates pretty plainly that the Crown regarded O'Dea as a Bishop of the Reformed Church of Ireland, also as " the husband of one wife." Of Kilfenora, "Ware relates that John O'Hinalan was Bishop in 1552 of Killaloe or Kilfenora. As to the deans of the diocese. Archdeacon Cotton places on the list in "15 — Boetius Clancy." He died in 1559. This is probably the individual whose name is subscribed to the grant of Dysert, in 1551, as above, although he was not at that time dean. For it appears by * Witnesses Boetius McClanchy, chief of his nation, with many others. 32 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE Morin (i. 283), anno. 1552, that there was then another dean, con- cerning whom the following special privilege is related — " 150, Like grant (viz.)— o/ English liberty — to Donat McShiddie, Dean of Killaloe." "What this conveyed is explained by Sir John Davis — "This, then, I note as a great defect in the civil polity of this kingdom, in that for the space of 350 years at least, after the conquest first attempted, the English laws were not communicated to the Irish, nor the benefit and protection thereof allowed to them, though they earnestly desired and sought the same, for as long as they were out of the protection of the law, so as every Englishman might oppress, spoil, and kill them without control, how was it possible they should be other than outlaws and enemies to the Crown of England ?" As to the laity, elements of most important consequence had been introduced into " life in Thomond" by the submission of the O'Briens in the former reign, and by their acceptance of Peer- ages and holding their lands from the English Crown under tenure of knight's service. " It was only on the demise (re- marks Mr. O'Donohue in his " Historical Memoirs of the O'Briens," p. 186) of these patentees, that questions were raised, the discussion of which opened the eyes of the people at large to the importance of the changes introduced by the acceptance of titles conferred by the King of England, and produced that series of civil commotions which desolated Ireland during the reigns of the remaining Princes of the House of Tudor. The surrender of the Royalty of Thomond and accept- ance of a Peerage by Murrough O'Brien was productive of tranquillity among the Dalgais for some years." On Murrough' s death, however, in 1551, the discontents of the O'Briens, which were ill suppressed during the lifetime of the head of that warlike race, burst out and involved the Dalgais in the miseries of a war more than civil.* The Feudal Law of England now came into conflict with the Celtic Law of Tanistr}', and by means of descent being limited in the line of primogeniture, it cut off from the possibility of ever succeeding to any rank or knightly pre-eminence the second family of Conor the last King. There was no end of the blood shed, and of the sorrow entailed by the fierce contentions brought about in * SeeAnnl. 4 M., p. 523, edn. M'Dermott. REIGNS OF EDWARD VI. AND MARY. 33 that way. And even during Queen Mary's brief reign Donald O'Brien was suffered to continue in the undisturbed possession of the rights and privileges of the dominion of Thomond, which he ruled according to the ancient law of Tanistry. At length, in 1558, Sussex, the Lord Deputy, entered Thomond, and placed Connor, Earl of Thomond, in full possession of title and lands, the said Connor publickly renouncing in the Cathedral of Limerick the name of O'Brien as an appellation or title, promising to be faithful to the Crown of England, and to defend Her Majesty's subjects of Thomond according to the laws. {JJbi supra, p. 191. See also E. O'Curry Manners, &c., iii. 229, and Ann. 4 Mast.) Bishop O'Dea died in 1555, and Terence O'Brien succeeded in 1556. And although he came into his see on the Pope's nomination as a Marian Bishop, in a very few years after we shall find that he became an Elizabethan Bishop, at least by making a complete negation of the Pope's supremacy, if not also by further action. And he remained the Bishop of Killaloe imtil 1668, when he died. " Instructions had been sent to Lord Fitzwilliam, Lord Deputy, and the Council in Ireland, to advance the true Catholic faith and religion now recovered in England and in Ireland, and to set forth the honor and dignity of the Pope and Apostolic See, and with the aid of the secular force to pimish and repress all heretics and Lollards, and their damnable sects, opinions, and errors." (Carew MSS. Lam- beth Calendar, pp. 252-3, from transcript of Hi. Nugent.) Now, however, all this is changed with the change of Queens, and the Bishop turns his bac on his old friends and publickly ignores " the honor and dignity of the Apostolic See." But even Marian Bishops, as such, did not receive restitution of temporalities without making remarkable renun- ciations. Thus in Curwen's case, the Queen writes to Lord Chancellor of Ireland — Sept. 13, 2° & 3° Ann".—" Whereas we have received from our Holy Father the Pope a Bull herein enclosed which you shall clearly under- stand, that his holiness upon our recommendation hath preferred unto the Ai'chBishoprickof Dublin in Ireland, our trustyand well-beloved Chaplain Hugh Corren (or Curwen) where upon he hath done unto us his homage and fealty, and hath expressly renounced all things contained in the said Bull or any other which may he prejudicial to us or our Crown : we there- fore will and command you that under our great seal you make out such, D 34 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC. and as many writs as shall be necessary and requisite for the restitution of the Temporalities of the Arch Bishoprick to our said Chaplain accord- ingly. And restitution of Temporalities was made to Hugh Corren, Oct. 21, 2" & 3° Ann", regni." This Bishop Terence also took part in the Parliament of 1560, which passed the Elizabethan Act of Uniformity. All this formal recognition of Queen Elizabeth's supremacy and renun- ciation of the Pope's, made by the legal representatives of the Church of Ireland, may have been very "glaring," and to some (such as Mr. Thomas Moore) was very disgusting, but the fact is, that such a thing seems most probably to have taken place, whatever the consequences may be to those who do not like it. (SeeT. Moore's History of Ireland.) It is to be borne in mind that the lands, «S;c., belonging to the religious houses suppressed by King Henry VIII. were not interfered with by Queen Mary, great though her zeal for the Roman Church in Ireland may have been. Cardinal Pole was too far-sighted an adviser to raise a universal confusion and turmoil by so arbitrary and unpopular a movement openly un- dertaken. He preferred to wait, and if things went on well to regain as much power and property as could be safely grasped in time. At the same time, the Queen, in her 4th year of reign, secured the passing of an Act, cap. 8, repealing statutes and provisions made against the Apostolic See of Rome since the 20 Henry 8, thus reviving the authority of the Pope from this day in matters ecclesiastical. Also, an Act, ch. 9, reciting that the ordinaries wanted authority against those who were infected with errors and heresies which there lately had increased within the kingdom, and for that purpose the Act revives the Statute of the 5th of Richard Second, and a Statute of the 2nd Henry 4th, giving ample powers in that behalf. (Hardinge's Narrative, p. 31.) But behind all this was the high presumption of Pope Paul IV., who erected Ireland into a kingdom and conferred it on the English Queen Mary, that it might appear that she did not derive it from her father but from himself, to whom alone it belonged to dispose of crowns and to erect states into kingdoms. He at first used the same haughty language with Queen EKzabeth, but she would none of it. CHAPTER IV. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. The general condition of the Diocese of Killaloe, as part of the Church of Ireland, having been traced from the commence- ment of Henry YIII.'s reign to the close of Queen Mary's, the parentage, education, and official life of Mauritius Mac O'Brien Arra now claim particular attention. Mac O'Brien Arra, or "De Bren de Arrha," was one of the sixty great Irish captains of their nations. His territory extended along the eastern side of the Shannon — Up from the Castle of Druim-anair, Down from the top of Camailte. In fact he occupied what is called the Barony of Arra, now running with that of Owney, the latter also the territory of another O'Brien. He had a castle at KUmastulla and a manor house at Castletown. This latter position commanded a noble view of "Mighty Shenan, spreading like an inland sea" across the expanse of Lough Dearg into the bosom of Scaritf Bay, the whole prospect bounded on the west by a wild range of purple mountains between Clare and Galway, and having as a central object the lofty round tower on Holy Island. Ormond to Cowley tells how Mac O'Brene Arha " stickid mouche to give any hostage, most of any man he met in all Munster." However, he submitted after quiet persuasion, and became a good subject of England on " assurance of protection against his immediate friends and neighbours." (! !) In 1569 (the date of Bishop Terence O'Brien's death — An. 4 M.) the Deputy apprises Cecil " that a bishopricke named Killalowe is presently void, the custodium whereof he has D 2 36 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE committed to McO'Brien Arra — a very good subject, of good power in his country, and especially well-inclined to the English Government — that he, McO'B., having sued, had obtained power to hold his lands from Her Majesty; that he also sued for his son Morgan, who was too young to be made a bishop, but might be permitted to enjoy fruits of the bishoprick to maintain him at Oxford till more years, with English education, whereby he may be more fit to enjoy the place itself." Her Majesty directs that this be so done, as no person could enjoy without the goodwill of O'Brien Arra the profits of the Bishoprick of Killaloe. Poor Morgan, however, complains in a letter to Burleigh that, after three years in Oxford and Cambridge, he never received any profit or commodity from the see : and adds, "The rudeness of the country is such and the people so disordered that for the most part they care to be fed with Pharoe's fleshpots than to taste the heavenly manna — he means the comfortable bread of the Gospel. He begs them in the name of the furtherance of God's truth for relief that he may take his journey thither to the glory of God and the com- fort of his weak brethren blinded with ignorance." Morgan or Maurice MacO'Brien writes again (this time to the Privy Council), reminds of being elected bishop three years past, and that he was to have and to enjoy the same, when the country shall be quiet, which now, through rebellion and other means, as of certain persons who gladly would that their Bull from Rome should take place; so that as yet he cannot be placed or have any commodity, although for his furtherance in learning he had been at great cost and charges at Oxford and Cambridge. He finally prays " to be put in lawful possession of the bishoprick, and thus that he would, by God's grace, so instruct the people there, that he doubteth not but to cause them to be true subjects, to the pleasure of the Queen's Majesty and comfort of the people therein." The Queen writes to the Deputy, Lord Fitzwilliam, to aid Maurice " in convenient sort and by all the best means expedient assist him further in all his lawful causes." Maurice, dating from Castletown Manor and styling himself " Bishop Elect," discloses a conspiracy and a meeting the Thursday after Christmas-day, 1573. The Earl of Desmond and his followers were to meet the Earl of Clanrickarde, Thady REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 37 McMorrough, O'Brien, &c., &c., on the other side the Shannon, their intention being, as the common report is, to send some of their messengers with their letters signed with their own hands and seals unto the King Phillippe, desiring him to send them aid out of Spain. He closes his letter with a sad lamentation — " Alas ! my Lord, it is hard to trust any man in these quarters. For ihey do but rob, steal, burn, and kill every night. li were better to be in prison in England than to be here amongst them."* (! !) At last, however, in 1570 according to Ware and Cotton, after Maurice " hafl been well-commended from my Lord Grace of Canterbury," all difficulties are overcome, and he is con- secrated, as may be fairly presumed, with all the requisite solemnities. The deplorable picture drawn by Maurice of " the preys and frays " of his native country is by no means over-coloured, and his fears were not groundless. He had doubtless learned among the traditions of his family that, in 1460, " the Bishop of Killa- loe — an O'Brien — was killed by Bryan of the fleet, the son of Donogh, at Clonroad, that is, Ennis " (Anl. 4 M.). Yes, the bishop of the diocese was killed, but then it was only in "Ennis, by Bryan of the fleet." In 1548, Edward Staples, Bishop of Meath, writes from Ardbraccan. " Particularizes the excessive hatred raised against himself among all ranks of society for preaching the Reformed religion, for which the people accuse him of heresy. Fears for his life. Desires a chamber among the petty Canons, which was Sir John Russell's " (C. S. P., p. 96). Lord Deputy Sussex, in 1561, informs the Queen of " letters from Armagh confirming that Shane O'Neile had attempted the burning of the church, and was repulsed with the loss of divers men. Shane, offended with that, assembled next day all his force of horsemen, footmen, and gallowglasses, who brought with every one of them a faggot to a little hill not far from the church, where he caused the Popish-pretensed Primate to sing Mass with all the friars. After Mass the Primate and the friars went thrice about Shane's men, saying certain prayers, and willed them to go forward, for God was on their side. * The Aul. 4 Masters are full of such statements, and just at the time a feud raged between Butlers and Desmonds. 38 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Whereupon lie and all his men made a solemn vow, and took their oaths never to turn their faces from the Church till they had burnt the church and all the English churches. And so with a great shout set forward." But this was not all of the dangers and difficulties which beset Irish Bishops in those days. Thomas Lancaster, Arch- bishop of Armagh, writing from Dublin, Nov. 12, 1568, gives the following lively illustration of the episcopal situation : — *' Many complaints of the poor people for wrongs done unto them, which my Lord takes care to redress. Also one Morrish rioghe McGibbon, who came from the Pope, hath taken the ArchBp. of Cashel prisoner in his own house, and carried him away, some say to Spain. For my part I have not yet durst to go to Ardmagh for fear of the like ; yet notwithstanding some- thing is done towards the Church, for there is a Roof cut for the Chancel with shingles and all that appertaineth, but not yet brought home." Sir E. Fytton and R. Dillon appointed a sessions at Athlone, and directed the attendance of Earls Clanrickarde and Thomond and both the Bishops of Tuam and Clonfert, according to the trust and charges laid upon them for the government of their countries. Not one member resorted to the sessions ; the Bishops only excepted, and with what peril they journeyed may appear from their joint letter : — Kilconayll, March 5, 1574. Archbisliop of Tuam and Bishop of Clonfert to Lord Deputy. To the illustrious Lord Edward, Treasurer of this kingdom of L-eland. Health and the consolation of the Holy Spirit is our prayer for you. Your letters we received with the best of goodwill, by virtue of which we were cited to Athlone on the 6th of this mouth of March. But when there is so great peril, that one can hardly pass from one place to another without corporal danger, inasmuch as the Scots roam about in Clam-ickarde and linger there ; and more particularly do so in all places where they perceive that we are forwarding your interests. And not only are they content with the present Scots, but with other Scots to the number of seven hundred, with John, the son of the Knight (as we found to be the commonly current persuasion), are immediately to arrive.* And further, because in the common road, lying between the Kivers Suck and Shaunon, there are so many difficulties and dangers besetting, arising from the insurrection of some of Sylkelly, who there lye in wait for all travellers, and inasmuch as we understand the generals of the Scots are hovering about these very parts, we could only attempt * See State of Ireland — List of Eebellions. REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 39 to make our journey good to Athlone as our point, by making our way by Clonfert and passing on thence without a safe conduct. And accord- ingly we earnestly prayed and found a place of safe retreat with Edmond OTallen and other loyal men. And so we hope to be at Clonfert, unless something ten-ible comes to pass, &c. (Translation of transcript by Ei. Nugent.) All this, however, formed but a part of the religious and Eoyalist difl&culty which the bishops and all faithful lieges of the Crown encountered on every side. But the every day and every night requirements of life in Thomond must now be superadded and specified in detail. In 1537 R. Cowley to Crumwell advises "that no silk or saffron be set upon shirts, for, especially against High Feasts at Christmas and Easter, there is no Irish man of war — horse- men, Kernagh, nor gallowglass — for the more part, but will steal, rob out of churches or elsewhere, to go gay at a feast : yea, and bestoweth for saffron and silk to one shirt many times five marks, so that more robbery and felony is against such feasts committed as all the year following." In 1544 the Deputy and Council inform the King of a cer- tain castle or pyle, situate in the remote parts, marching as well upon Mc J. Brian Arra's as upon O'MoIl Ryans ; and high to the River Shannon in a very barren and waste soil, which was of late inhabited by a sept of thieves and outlaws, called properly " The old evil children'^ — by reason whereof few or none of your Grace's subjects in effect could pass or travel between your Highness's cities of Limerick or Waterford but they were either spoiled, robbed, or killed in your highway betwixt both cities. It is requested that Teige Mc J. Bryen, who so well demeaned himself to the expulsion of these male- factors, and is married to Lord Power's sister, may have the castle and his heirs masles. But though these " old evil children" were thus expulsed, another lot of the same old evil children grew up — the illegitimate sons of Terence late Bishop of Killaloe. The Deputy and Council to Privy Council give the follow- ing account of these sons of this Bishop : — " Upon my depar- ture from Limerick, and a little before the Earls of Clan- rickarde and Thomond came unto us, and perceiving by them and by complaint from the merchants of Galway, that on the borders of Thomond certain outlaws being bastards of the Bishop 40 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE of Killaloe robbed all travellers, and had put a ward in a castle, which they meant to defend, I marched thither, and after it was attempted, the ward in the night came away and left the place, which was committed to the custody of Sir Roger O'Shafnis Lord of that country— an obedient and dutiful servant of the Queen's Highness — one of the best to be liked in all Connaught." The Bishop's mother — Maure Ny O'Carrill — writes in strong terms of an event, which exasperated her considerably : — After myhartie commendations you shall understand that Mr. Edward Butler — his men came to your country of Arra the 9th of this present month of November with force and arms and hath not only taken away all the kyne and cattle that was left to the number of sixteen score kyne, six score* capples and 11 hondi'ithe shepe and goots with all the house- hold stuff in the counti-y. But also burned Kilmastulla with eleven children in one house in the said town— and killed your loving Uncle Tage McDonough Kowe with divers others of your men ; whose death grieves me more than all your said losses — which Tage we have wor- shipfully buried at Youghell upon St. Marten's Day. Therefore I desire you to show and declare this with other your sore griefs and great losses to the Lord Deputy: — earnestly desiring this honor of speedy redress herein betyme ; against those Butlersf whom hath already ( =who have) past recovery distui'bede, banished, robbed and spoiled all her Majesty's true subjects in these borders, and do aid, maintain, and suc- cour all her Highness's enemies as these rebellers and traitors be, insuring you as I suppose you were better holding some farm in the English Pale, whereby you may lead a quieter life, than to be thus alway and continually sustaining such outragious extremity and cruel dealing undeserved ; for when all men travelled either in to England or to Dublin where the law is ministered and extended, then do they their best to spoil those that travel. And thus I take ray leave from Arra the 12 of this present Novembre 1568. Your loving wiff Dorso More Ny Careill.J To her loving husband Mac Y' Brine Arra, geve these. In haste at Dublin, post hast. (From a transcript in full by Ri. Nugent, Esq.) Can there be any wonder, then, that this Bishop, Irishman and native though he was, felt ashamed of his country and afraid of returning to his birth-place, and had rather " live in a prison in England than here amongst them" ? Indeed he * Horses. f The Desmonds and Butlers had a horrible feud then, as noticed. X At p. 139 of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society's Proceedings, Vol. 6, New Series, an inscription is given from a tombstone in the REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 41 seems to have combined in his lot the unhappy alternatives which Robinson Crusoe contrasted. For, He both dwelt in the midst of alarms And reigned in a horrible place. One of the strangest statements confirmatory of the wretched condition of affairs in Ormond, and of the bad opinion entertained about the district in question, is to be found in Camden's Britannia. (See Edn. 1600, Impensis Georg Bishop Londoni, p. 770.) After describing Ormond, and alluding to the Butler family as " clarissima," Camden then gravely adds (Bishop Gibson's edition of Camden's Brit , Vol. 2, p. 135) : — As to what has been said by some of the Irish (and these too such as would be thought very creditable witnesses) that certain men in these parts are every year converted into wolves, it is without doubt fabulous, unless perhaps, through excess of melancholy, they may be affected with the distemper that the physicians call AvKav6panna, which makes them fancy and imagine themselves to be so transformed. And as for these metamorphosed Lycaones in Livonia, so much talked of, I cannot but have the same opinion of them also. Thus far of Munster, which Queen Elizabeth, with great wisdom, sought to advance, and to advance the wealth and happiness of this kingdom committed to the government of a Lord President, who (with one assistant, two lawyers, and a secretary) might correct the insolencies of this Province and keep all men to their duty. The first President was "Wadham St. Leger, Kt. As to the sons of the Bishop, it is stated by Sidney, with a military brevity quite in the style of Caesar, "1 went into Thomond, where the Earl met me. I there subdued a rebellious race of the sirname of the Earl — the O'Briens. Their captains were called the Bishop's Sons, and, indeed, the bastards they were of the Bishop of KiUalowe, which Bishop was son to an O'Brien, Captain of Thomond" (ColHn's Edn. State Papers). It has been pronounced by a master of the art of writing history to be a most difficult achievement to enter into the spirit of an age gone by, throwing aside one's modern pre- judices and looking at the past in the light of the past and old churchyard of Castletown, Arra, county Tipperary, which seems to have been erected in memory of this lady. It runs thus — " Ego Teren. Brien hoc in meo et in uxoris Morine Caryl noie fieri feci," &c., &c. 42 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE with the eyes of those who are passed away. Certainly it is very difficult for us to look upon such a case as that before us as being an actual reality. But this is not all. If credit is given to Camden, this mode of life taken up by the Bishop of Killaloe's sons was not exceptional, but one quite in the ordinary course of things, and apparently carried on according to known laws and universal allowance. In the " Hibernicorum Mores of Camden," Edn. 1600, p. 288, the following will be found :— " Latrocinia apud eos nullam habent infamiam, quae passim summa cum immanitate exercentur. Latrocinaturi preces ad Deum fundunt (see Sii- S. Baker, Livingstone, and explorers of savage Central Africa), ut prseda offeratur, et prasdam pro munere a Deo oblatum aibitrantur, neque vim, neque rapinam, neque homicidium Deo desplicere per- suadentur. Audies a sicariis et incendiariis " Mism-icors est Bominus et non sinet ^retium sui sanguinis in me irritum." Patrum porro vestigiis se insistere dicunt et earn sibi vivondi rationem reliquam esse, nobilitatis su» autem infamiam esse, si velint ex labore mauuum victitare, et a facinoribus abstinere. Progredientes ad prasdam, vel aliquod aliud opus, observant mane quem primum obvium habent. Si bene res cedat, ut idem quotidie sibi occurrat, cm-ant ; sin secus, studiose evitant. Nocte tempestuosissima stertere, et non pedibus viam longissimam noctu conficere et spoliando omnibus periculis se objicere, abjecti animi esse dicunt. Nuper nec templis nee sacris locis parcunt, quin inde etiam deprsedantur, ignem quoque non nunquam injiciunt, homines ibi latitantes interficiunt est sacri- ficulorum tm-pissima vita Sacrificulorumque horum filii, qui stadia non consectantur plerumque latrocinio sunt insignes qui enim MacBecan, MacPherson, MacO'Spac, id est, Filii Decani, Ecclesice Bedoris, et Episcopi maximi existunt praedones et ex parentum libertate ad seditiosorum manum conscribendam potentiores, eoque magis quod ad paternum. Exemplum hospitalitate vacant. Filiae autem horum sacrificorum, patribus superstitibus, magnis dotibus elocantur, si nubunt, patribus vero defunctis, aut mendicant aut se prostituunt. The case before us certainly bears out Camden's statement, wherever drawn from, and demonstrates (even if standing alone) the fearful depths of corruption among all classes in Ireland, and the absolute need for what one properly calls " the special grace of God if ever this land be reformed." With respect to an opprobrious epithet applied to the nativity of the sons of Bishop Terence O'Brien by an English con- temporary report, it is only of a piece with the record of an impediment in Bishop Terence's own appointment, as given by Dr. Brady " from the Barberini Archives." Die Lunae, 25 Julii, 1554. Referente Reodigs Carpensi, sua REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 43 Sanctitas providit Eccles. Laoneno. vacanti per obitum bence memnricB Jacobi Corrin extra Romanam Curiaia defundi, de persona Dni Theodorici O'Brien decani Eccles. Duacensis cum dispensatione super defectu natalium.* It also seems strange tbat tbe name McAnaspic (McAnaspie, the Bishop's son) should be so general. Anyhow, the observance by the chieftains, bishops, and others of what Protestants enumerate as the 7th Commandment is very curiously exemplified in the Brehon Laws. In reference to some of the painful disclosures which fidelity to truth compels to be made upon the melancholy state of moral depravity prevalent in the West of Ireland, some remarks are submitted. First, Camden, in his tractate on the " Antient and Modern Customs," &c., bears witness that the Bev. Mr. Good (of Limerick) testifies nothing malicious or partial, but all he says is what is exactly true. Secondly, the Law of Social Connexions (Senchus, Mor. II., 381, 399, and 401) contemplates and has given some strange rules as to (1) "a first wife" and (2) the " Airech," (3) the *' Carrthach," (4) the Dormuine, (5) the Imrim, (6) the Indlis. In fact, this whole system reminds one of one of the Eastern Rajahs, or the Abyssinian chieftains, or of that Zoolu in whose illumination and conversion Bishop Colenso seemed to have taken such a pleasure and pride. Thirdly, in reference to Poets, and what St. Patrick abolished also allowed, the following will give a very correct idea of what was considered as the subjects which, above all others, were congenial to the national tastes and dispositions of the Irish (Senchus, Mor. I., 47) : — " These were the chief stories. The chief stories, the chief which they repeated, treated of demoli- * This ptrase " de defectu natalium," under which Ter. O'Brien laboui-ed, points to the fact that, according to the Canon Law of the Roman Church, he was as illegitimate under an impediment. Van Espen (pars, ii., vol. x., cap. 3, de irregularitate ex defectu natalium) gives much learning on this point. Gregory IX. (1227—41) reserved to the Holy See this dispensation in all the higher cases, leaving minor orders for the Bishop's dispensation or faculty. The Pope complains— " Nimis deformatur Ecclesiae honestas, ex eo quod filii Sacerdotum et alii non legitime nati, ad dignitates, et Personatus, et alia beneficia curam animarum habentia sine dispensatione sedis apostolicas " (Dr. L. Studdei-t). 44 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE tions, cattle spoils, courtships, battles, killings, combats, elope- ments, adventures, tragedies, and plunderings." Particular examples are tben given, sucb as the cattle spoils of Cuailgne, the Carlingford mountains ; then follow those upon demoli- tions, then of courtships, then of battles. But as the Bishop came to live so he continued in his diocese without going back to an English prison in preference, as he somewhat passionately seemed to desire. After due delay and proper testing of his fitness, he was consecrated and admitted into the full rights of the Bishoprick of Killaloe, it is supposed, some time in 1575-6. And this will appear by the following extracts taken from the official correspondence. In December, 1573, he writes from Castletown Manor, signing himself " Futurus Epus. Laonen." The Lord-Deputy, in August, 1574, writes that — When the Bishoprick of Killalowe was bestowed in custodium upon one Maurice O'Brien Arra, alias Morgan, for his maintenance in the University of Oxford, Her Majesty, about a year ago or somewhat more, upon the said Maurice's return, well commended from my Lord of Can- terhury, addressed his letters unto me with the said Maurice, signifying that it was Her Highness's pleasure that the said Bishopricke should be confeiTed on him ; but yet not warranting me thereby to proceed to his consecration, but referring me to a former warrant which it was sup- posed I had in that behalf. Hereupon I wrote my letters in November last, opening this case, and humbly praying Her Majesty's pleasure therein. And now the party renewing the matter unto me (I presume ■with your Lordship's good favour) humbly pray your favourable con- sideration thereof to perfection. The rather for that the said Maurice, his father and himself {besides his sufficiency and zealous disposition to the true religion), have and do at this time of stir show themselves as well by good advertizements as otherwise, very well and dutifully affected to Her Majesty's service. In Januarj', 1575-6 : — Her Majesty has appointed Maurice O'Brien to be Bishop of Killalowe now void, and wills and commands to Lord-Deputy upon sight thereof to cause letters patent and writs to be issued under the great seal for his consecration and admission to the said Bishoprick, with all rights, duties, &c., &c., appertaining, as has been accustomed ; and commends the said Maurice to the kind offices of the Lord-Deputy. Mauritius Mac O'Brien Arra being now safely settled in his Bishoprick without any possibility of his disallowance or rejec- tion by art or craft of competitors, we must now take a look at his rival. REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 45 It becomes a duty to disclose some particulars of the career of Malachias O'Molona, the Titular Bishop of Killaloe. Dr. Brady makes this Malachias O'Molona the successor of Terence O'Brien, and says — He was " appointed by Papal provi- sion on 10 January, 1571, and per obitum Terentii was trans- lated to Kilmacduagh, on the 22 August, 1576, when Cornelius O'Melrian was appointed to Killaloe." The author of " The See of Killaloe in 16 Co." (see Irish Eccl. Eecord, page 464, July, 1865), agrees, calling this "his being proclaimed in Consistory." And adds, that "on 22nd August, 1576, his translation to Kilmacduagh was solemnly promulgated in the Roman Court." He had appeared in London prior to this and was the guest of Ed. Grindall, then Bishop of London. In the spring of 1571 he is in London, not in the good quarters of the kind bishop, but in the Marshalsea, with a fellow prisoner — one Herle — who made himself spy of Lord Burleigh. Herle wormed himself into his secrets but to betray him. Here is his report. "Touching Malachias (he writes in 1571) he shall write unto your Lordship to desire that he may come unto your pre- sence, for so he hath entreated of himself before, alledging that he hath something to say unto your Lordship, whereupon your Lordship sending for him secretly by the backways with gentle- ness he is to be won and with promise of his former promotion, for he is ambitious and obstinate, and hath entered into some displeasure with the Spanish Ambassador, insomuch as he would utter all he said if he refused now to help him for whose cause only it is, — which displeasure of his might be aggravated (if your Lordship thought so good) ministering unto him some sharpness and contempt proceeding from the Spanish Ambas- sador." But all this did not free Malachias from durance vile. So after some year and a-half elapsed, Malachias threw himself upon the sympathy and pity of Mauritius Mac O'Brien, Bishop- elect of Killaloe. He told this young man how greatly and unfeignedly he did detest the Antichrist of Rome — how he would write a book against the Pope ; he told him about the plots and machinations of the Pope against England and the Queen. And Mauritius believed all that Malachias told him so plausibly. And with a genuine good nature he forwarded his letter to Burleigh. Mauritius, however, foimd out, through Burleigh no doubt, a good deal of what Malachias had not told 46 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE him about, viz., that he was appointed by Papal provision per obitum Terentii to the See of Killaloe. In fact guileless Mauritius found out that his suppliant was his rival and anti- Bishop, and intended to write after his name " Malachias Laonensis,'" having the sanction of the Queen super-added to that of the Pope already in his pocket — provided only he could get out of prison and make his little plot go on well. Accord- ingly Malachias (though secretly " giving Popish counsel to some of the Archbishop of Canterbury's servants") put on a bold face and appeared before the Privy Council. Here he submitted, protested, confessed, promised, repented, bewailed his Popish superstition and idolatry. And to crown all with a brilliant climax, swore a solemn oath on the Holy Evangelists to bear to the Queen true allegiance, and that he would devote his future life to her service. But alas, he went back to prison notwithstanding. After ten days' deliberation he made one more appeal, and in April, 1 573, was released. And now that he is free, he waits on his deliverer. " On the knees of his heart," as he says, he offers him his thanks and asks him some further favours. Burleigh shook him off at once and referred him to Archbishop Parker. This good prelate admitted him, listened to his requests for what he called " a Plurality," which he did not give him, " to hold with his bishoprick." But he did give him for his immediate wants " an honest piece of gold." Exit Malachias with the gold in his pocket, and per- haps some more besides, left out of " the 20 marks " which prying Herle found out and reported he possessed. This was in 1573, and it is presumed that Malachias betook himself to Ireland, where after three years, or in 1576, he was trans- lated to Kilmacduagh. In 1580 we find Malachias again busy at plots and counter-plots. Sir N. Malbie writes from Athlone to Walshingham that Ulick Burke has joined himself with John, by means of O'Molony, constituted by the Pope Bishop of Killaloe. They proclaim hanging to the priests that will not say mass. " Again in April, 1583, Malachias O'Molona, Popish Bishop of Killaloe, writes to Malbie in Latin, express- ing his desire to converse with Malbie and to reveal certain matters perilous to the State." (See the State Papers, Yol. 1572 — 1583.) But it was in Galway in the year 1584, August, that Malachias performed one of the most remarkable of his REIGX OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 47 transmutations, and the narrative must be given in Sir J. Perrott's "Answer about Malachias" (copia plena) : — Touching Malachias, he was brought to me as I remember in Galway by the Earl of Clanrickarde the Bishop of Killaloe to my chambers, as many other the ministry came to me, and seeing that he was a priest, and hearing that he was learned and had been beyond the sea, I told him of his gi-eat faults therein, as I now remember by Done the sworn interpreter, or some other and in broken Latin, that he was in fault to go beyond the seas without license, being a subject, and further per- suaded him to acknowledge the sup'myssi (= supremacy) to be in her Majesty, and also to confess other his en-ors and to conform himself in religion according to her Majesty's laws, and he might do good. Be- cause it was said he was ready to confer with any learned man in that matter, and would not be found obstinate being persuaded. Whereupon the Bishop of Laughlin was appointed to confer with him, and the Bishop after some disputations found him conformable. And there was drawn a recantation acknowledging the supremacy to be in her Majesty — that her Majesty's subjects were not to obey any foreign Prince or Potentate but her only, or the like words, as of other things, which was brought to me. And I believe the Bishop of Kildare was some dealer in the matter. And I was glad thereof, and willed that the Bishop of Laughlin should make a sermon, in the Cathedral Church of Galway, as I remember of his recantation which was done in the presence of a multitude of people. He the said Malachias being before the pulpit, sitting in a chair or such like thing during the sermon in the face of the people. And after that the Bishop had ended his sermon he did publish the said recantation in English and Latin. And the said Malachias did there likewise read the same in Latin, and published it to the people in Irish. And then the said Malachias came after to take his leave of me, at which time I told him, I would be good unto him, and seeing he had begun so well, I wished him to continue and go forward and to advertize me of any inconvenienceys that he should hear like to fall out in the State of Conaught or Ulster, which he faithfully promised me to do. And did as I remember write certain letters unto me of the Scotts coming out of the North, and such like things of his order in those provinces. And the said Malachias came to Dublin, but what time I do not now remember. And then I believe I told the Lord Chancellor and other how I had converted him, and a Friar, being Sir Ei. Burkes, Son., some time called McWilliam Enter, who was well learned, adding how well I had played the Bishop, and telling how he did advertize me of very necessary things. And I believe the said Malachias and the said Friar did there acknowledge their errors, and to encourage him and other, I and the Council or I myself gave him some concor- datum or warrant for £6 13s. 4d. The Eecorde thereof will best witness the same. And he and the Friar likewise that recanted had at some other time some small livings (! !), but what they were I know not. And I further believe that the said Malachias was pardoned at the Earl of Clanrickarde's suit among a number of others by me and the Council 48 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE long before I saw him or heard of him, for I have seen a warrant under my hand, written by one John Tompkins, sometimes clerk to Phillip Wittens, being Ann" d' 1684, for the granting of that pardon, wherein Malachias was pardoned. Knowing that there was many thousand pardoned that I never saw or heard by their names, which was done upon good policy, as had been used by other Governors to quiet the State, and to have bonds upon most of them for good behaviour thence- forward. Other than this I had never to do with the priest, neither did I nor the Council think of the granting of his pardon, but that he had been some chaplain of the Earl's. And I did never hear until now of late that any Pope had spoken such lewd and treacherous words of her Majesty. And I have often caused my chaplains to preach vehemently in their sermons against the Pope and his Bulls. In a letter written by Perrott in 1584, September, he had given a statement of Malachias' conversion, though very briefly. " The suspected Buyshop Malachias Analone, and a Friar, &c., did renounce the Pope, swear to the supremacie, and the Friar gave over his habit presently, both published a pro- fession of their faith and recantation " (Perrott's Life, p. 150). In 1590, August 9th, Kilmainham, the Lord Deputy, to Chancellor writes : — " As for Malachias O'Molony, I think it not good to trust him with himself, for the causes mentioned in N. Dillon and R. Mile's declaration ; and so I send him under guard with Segar, the late constable, and NoUen, the pursui- vant, who is in your schedule called Kelly." In August, 1590, Sir Denis Roughan to Lord Burghley writes a letter bearing hardly enough against Perrott, in which, however, is contained a most valuable statement as to the causes for which parties professing the Roman Catholic faith were subjected to punishment of death. (This Roughan was a Popish priest convicted of counterfeiting Perrott's handwriting. See Perrott's Life, p. 231.) :— Su- D. Eougham to Burghley. August 30, 1590. And as for Malachias O'MoUenane he confesseth that he had a Bull from the Pope to dispense with any for wliatsoever (sic). But concern- ing Sir John Perrott he can say nothing of him but that he had a pardon and promotion of a living and 20 nobles for giving Sir John a good conceite {sic, perhaps good information), and for no other cause, as he saith, and would not confess nothing against Sir John Perrott, the which, all the world that would scan, see, or hear this would not beheve that Sir John Perrott, Her Majesty's Deputy, would pardon a Roman REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 49 Bishop, aud one that confesseth to have a Bull from the Pope. I deny that any Deputy that was in Ireland in this Her Majesty's time did pardon any bishop or priest, and having committed no other fault but to minister the office of a bishop or a priest, after the Pope's authority, for so doing is no pardon nor death-matter in Ireland. For there is no bishop or priest or any man piit to death for religion only in Ireland. Ergo, Malachiasdid commit some great heanoiise matter of treason against her Majesty, or else he would never seek for a pardon only for minister- ing of his office or in granting of dispensations, which is, it must needs be, high treason that he was pardoned for, for which Sir John Perrott could not for whatsoever, especially a traitorous Eoman bishop, the which the said Malachias confesses himself to be. Ergo, Sir John Perrott is a traitor. My Lord the Bishop Malachias should be compelled to tell truth, otherwise he will conceal all and confess nothing. Dated 30 August, 1590. Malachias is found to have ordained Sir Denys " Auciorifafe JRomana." Another is mentioned as ordained by him in Cashel, viz., John Hasshea, " fatetur se primum fuisse ordinatum per Malachiam O'Malone, postea per Milor Archbishop Cassel." (See the Cashel Regal Commissioners' Report, MSS.) In Dr. Cotton's 4th vol., p. 207, among the Treasurers of Kilmacduagh, or Tuam, is found, — " 1591, Malachi O'Molona, or Molownan." Sir John Perrott mentioned that Malachias and the friar had " at some other time some small livings bestowed upon them." And although the dates may not exactly agree, yet delay of induction or neglect to make an entry in the Registry may have occasioned the difference. Should this prove the veritable Malashias whose career we have so far traced, it is clear that he ended very wretchedly after all his manoeuverings and twistings, being deprived of his small living under the sentence of King James's Commissioners, "Propter manifestametnocivam informalitatem." (MSS.T.C. D., E. 3, 14, p. 87.) Dr. Brady, in his celebrated work on the Irish Reformation (5th edition, p. 155), alluding to Perrott's and such statements, concludes thus concerning Malachias : — "The foregoing extracts from the State Papers leave no doubt remaining that Malachy O'Molony conformed in Queen Eliza- beth's reign to the State religion ; but according to the Roman Catholic historians O'Molony was a staunch ujjholder of the Pope and the Papal faith." So much the worse for Malachy O'Molony and the Papal faith, too, because otherwise he might 50 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE have been passed over as a ridiculous weathercock ecclesiastic ; now he stands forth a shameless hypocrite, eating the bread of one Church the better to do the work of a rival. It is only right to remark that for most of the State documents quoted in reference to Malachias the writer is indebted to Mr. R. Nugent, who most kindly lent his valuable MS. collection of extracts, and supplied others needed to a full elucidation of this curious case. In 1576 Malachias was translated to Kilmacduagh to make way for a more suitable man — " Cornelius O'Melrian (O'Mul- Ryan), O.S.F., and for forty-one years till his death, in 1617, he continues Bishop of this ancient See. This Prelate played an important part in the last great struggle of the Desmond chieftains. And we have intentionally passed rapidly over the preceding bishops that space might remain for dwelling on the unpublished documents connected with his history." So writes the author of " The See of Killaloe in the 16th Century " (&c., tfhi supra, p. 465). This is fortunate, as Dr. Brady "has several of O'Melrian's unpublished letters copied, but they are not sufficiently interesting for publication," although he pro- nounced O'MulRyan himself to have been " a bitter opponent of Elizabeth and a frequent correspondent of the Roman Court." Few of the outbreaks or rebellions in Ireland fell so heavily upon those who originated and carried them on as that of Desmond. Spenser's descriptions of the desolations he wit- nessed in Munster, and those gaunt spectres of famine- stricken survivors he encountered crawling out of their hiding- places and crowding around the springs where watercresses grew to grasp them as food, form about the most effective delineations of his gifted pen. The Privy CouncO. warned Desmond beforehand of the perils he was incurring. (C. S. P., 1571, &c. Pref. xlii.) The Queen wrote a letter of entreaty to the Countess of Desmond {ubi supra, xlii.) : — We be advertized (urges her Majesty) of the stibmission and late coniiing in of the Earl your husband to our Deputy, &c., and of his pur- pose to shake off the great number he hath had attending ou him, entertained through fear he conceived by a false rumour spread of a Commission that our President had to apprehend him— a matter never REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 61 thought or intended towards him, but suggested, as we conjecture, by such of your private enemies as would gladly by any practice throw him into some action of arras, whereby he might incur our heavy displeasure. Forasmuch as We be also informed that your good travel with your husband to remove from him this vain fear of his apprehension, and to leave off his number of followers, hath brought him to such good terms of conformity as he now standeth in, We thought it very meet to signify unto you Our good acceptation of yom* travel in this behalf, wherein as you have shewed yom'self a dutiful subject to Us, and careful of the quiet of that country, so have you declared yourself no less wise and loving towards your husband for the preservation of his estate, which might easily have been utterly ruined if he had not by good means been brought to the said submission. (And so the Queen entreats the Countess to continue her loj-al and loving influence with Desmond) " in persuading him to cut off the multitude of his followers," the Queen engaging " to protect and defend him against all the unlawful attempts and injuries of such as seek his decay and overthi'ow." — Minute to Countess of Desmond, March 1,1578. Nor was Desmond himself without signs of some active impulses of patriotism and loyalty, especially on the occasion of " the arrival in the harbour of Dingle of six Spanish ships, both great and small, suspected to be appertaining to the traitor James Fitzmaurice," of all which, in the words above used, Desmond himself gave intimation to Lord Justice Dury. ( Ubi supra, Ivi.) Nor was this all that Desmond had done and endured valiantly while walking in the paths of loyalty. In 1579 Desmond writes thus to Ormond (as in Calendar, ubi supra, p. 189) : — Relates his ser\'ices against Fitzmaurice, a bishop, and two Irish seholars, arrested by him and executed. His successful opposition to the traitor and the O'Flaherties. John of Desmond most cruelly murdered by Mr. Davells and the Provost Marshall. Fears that his brothers would imbrue their cruel hands in the blood of his wife and son. He chased Sir James Fitzmaurice, &c., whence to be ran to where he was slain by Desmond's nephews. Relates the ill usage he suffered. Killed Rory ny Dillon and Knagery O'Kyne. Malbey hath spoiled Rathmore, murdered the keeper of the castle, spoiled Rathkelly, defaced and burned the Abbey and town of Askeaton. Desires his correspondent (Ormond) as a gentle- man to certify her Majesty and the Council of these doings (and his sufferings). E 2 52 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE But other influences swayed Desmond to his ruin, other advisers made him the tool of their inordinate ambition. On June 14, 1578, information was given to the Privy Council of Stukeley's invasion ; £5,000 was provided as the sinews of war to resist hiin. That it was no small storm he was prepared to hurl upon these shores may be gathered from the account received from the region whence it fell. The Pope Gregory XIII. uas amusing himself tvith the dream of making his son, Signor lacomo, King of Ireland. Stukeley (C. S. P., Pref. xlii., 1574) agreed to everything, and was preparing a large army for the purpose, when, on going to the young King of Portugal, Don Sebastian, to ask for aid from him, that King prevailed on him to first (! !) against Muley Moloch, King of Fez, Morocco, &c., and promised that afterwards he would give him valuable aid for his invasion of Ireland. But the King of Morocco beat them utterly, not above 50 escaping, and the King and Stukeley with the flower of Castilian chivalry falling at the battle of Alcazar-quivir. (C. S. P. Ir., an. 1574, Pref. xliii.) All this fell out in the course of God's providence, just in the same way as when Julian chose first to march to conquer Persia, or Charles the Fifth must first beat the Moslem before he would attack the Protestants of Germany. Nor was this all the discouragement and weakening. It was just as complete at home as abroad. Sir N. Malbrie vanquished in Connaught the few among the Burkes, O'Flahertys, &c., not forgetting Grany-ny Moyle, the great heroine of the Western Main, who were expected to create an important diversion and weaken the Queen's military movements in the South. These were stirred up by the Earl of Desmond and Doctor Saunders (see a letter of Saunders' printed in Ellis's Original Letters, Second Series, Vol. iii., pp. 92 — 7) to raise their forces and enter into open rebellion, with promise of present aid from Spain and other countries to assist them in this holy enterprise (so termed by Dr. Saunders) for maintenance of the Catholic faith and liberty of their country. ( Ubi supra, lix.) Pope Gregory next fixed his attention on Ireland (as Ranke has remarked, Lives, &c., 456, Bohn's edition.) It was repre- sented to him that there was no people more strictly and sturdily Catholic than the Irish, that the nation was tyrannized and maltreated by the English Government, that the people REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 53 were despoiled, disunited, wilfully kept in barbarism, and oppressed in their religious convictions, that they were thus at every moment prepared for war, and wanted nothing more than the aid of a small body of troops ; with 5,000 men, Ireland might be conquered Philip of Spain contributed a sum to the Expedition, just 20,000 scudi according to the Nuncio Sega. He also made grants. Baron d' Acres, Signor Buono, and other English noblemen then at Madrid, these he urged to go on this Expedition, together with Bishoj) Lionesc (= Laonensis) of Ireland. But what else of Bishop CorneHus all this time ? Let the brave Sir "W. Sent Leger, President of Munster, reply. From Cork to the Queen in 1582 he writes : — Having first for sundry good reasons reprobated a war of wasting advocated as the only means of subduing and famishing the traitors in the five counties of the Province of Munster, he then goes on to mention " the state of the traitors " aud the head and front of the rebelHon. "There is as I am credibly informed come of late from Rome a traitor called O'Mulrian, a man bom in the County Limerick, brother to O'Mulryan chieftain of the county he beareth name, which traitor usurpeth the name of the Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, autho- rized so to do from the Pope. This traitor as it is given out hath brought assured promises from the Pope to the Earl, that he shall have relief both of men, money, and munition by mid- summer next at the farthest ; upon whose arrival the traitor the Earl calls all his followers before him and caused this lewd prelate to deliver them this news— which done the said traitor the Earl told his followers that there were some amongst them that sought to betray him for that he could not go through with the enterprize he had begun, re- quirmg them to be true and faithful to him, till the time pronounced by the prelate, and then if they found not his sayings true, no longer to trust him, but seek means for their safeties. Whereupon they all swore to be true and faithful unto him. (Lxxxvii. p. ubi supra.) But before coming to the really rich treat of " the unpub- lished documents," one might just take a rapid glance at those that are published. It can do no harm, especially when given as abbreviated in the general index of the Calendar of State Papers {ubi supra), in which O'Mul Ryan figures largely, as much inquired after by English Ambassadors and statesmen. His country is South Tipperary or Limerick. " He is the pretended Bishop of Killaloe and nominally of Cork and Ross. With another Bishop and with 300 soldiers he is in Stukeley's well-appointed ship at Lisbon. Friar 54 THE DIOCESE OF KILT,ALOE, ETC., IN THE MOviedo, Commr. Apostolic, and (our friend) the Bishop, are in company with the Spaniards in Ireland. The Pope's message to the Earl of Desmond (is given by him), he being made Bishop of Cork (why so, we shall see anon). He and Pat Fitz- Maurice (of whom something has been noted already) have gone to Spain. Desmond has sent him and Purcell to Spain to hasten the foreigners. He and Lacy are bringing help to Desmond. He and McThomas (reported) slain. His last voyage to Ireland (of this more after "the unpublished"). Receives a pension from King of Spain." (C. S. P. 106.) "Before setting sail from Lisbon, 30 Oct., 1577, James Fitz- maurice wrote to the Archbishop of Toledo, acquainting him with the disaster which had befallen our Bishop Cornelius, who a little while before, having sailed from Rochelle for the Irish coast, was captured by pirates, and being despoiled of all he pos- sessed, was obliged to return to the Continent. Fitzmaurice adds : — " He (Dr. O'Melrian) is most devoted to us, and we confide to him all the secrets which are to be communicated to you connected with the succour which is sent to us. It would be most useful that he should accompany the expedition of troops to instruct them as to the place of landing as well as to conduct them to our quarters." After this declaration it can be no ill-natured comment to say that Bishop O'Melrian acted the part of Quarter-Master General of an army of foreigners invading Ireland in the interests of the Pope. Then follow three letters of Desmond urging for aid to be sent by the Pope (Gregory 13th), and eulogizing Dr. O'Melrian as the Ambassador of the Confede- rates : — Sanctissime Pater, In vinea Domini exercituum laboramiis, expugnando Luteranam istam Angliae Reginam ; toto enim hoc triennio elapse, prout jam bellum gerimus, in armis sumus. Nostrum omnemque statum omniaqne nostra exposuimus periculo evidentissimo semper perdendi, bel- lumque istud in Hibernia propter causas subsequentes bis- tribus annis elapsis in mamis libentissime assumpsimns, nimirum quod sanctse matris ecclesise causa erat, ac quod vestra Sanc- titas jussit atque hortabatur ut rem inciperemus. Mibi meisque omnibus minime peperci, oppida villas et pagos, arces et castra cum fratribus nostris Johanne et Jacobo de Geraldinis ac Scxdecim aliis ex nostra domo, in hoc bello perdidimus : nihilominus quamdiu vita comes- fuerit, istud bellum prosequemur contra Auglise maledictam Reginam, REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 55 donee S. Sanctitas ac Sua Majestas Catholica nos juverit ut possimus heereticos propellere ex Hibernia totumque regnum subjicere legibus sanctsE matris Ecclesiae. (That was very pleasant for some, but not for others "in Hibernia.") Et quia hactenus praestolationem istius subsidii experimur, harum latorem Episcopum Laonensem nostro et omnium nobilium hujus causas consensu ambasciatorem et sollicita- torem universi negotii ad suam Sanctitatem et ad S. Majestat Cat. mittimus cui V. Sanctitas omnem fidem dabit, illumque ita auscultet non secus quam nos si prassentes fuissemus auscultaret, rogantes obnixe V. Sanctit (cui pedes humili animo exosculamur) ut nostraui inquietudinem et longam perturbationem animadvertat auxiliumque cum hoc nostro ambasciatore mittatur quo poterimus confrigere audaciam adversariorum Christi ecclesifB. Expediret denique ut V. Sanctitas auctoritatem nuncii in negotiis ecclesiasticis mitteret ad Laonensem Episcopum et potissimum ut ipsi liceat pontificalia officia excrcere ubicunque se invenerit cum liccntia ordinarii, Vir enim spec- tatse vitse et virtutis magn^que spei apud omnes est, huicque causaa addictissimus ac fidelissimus. Datum in Castris Catholicorum in Hibernia, Die 1 Sept. 1582, Sanctitatis \as -. addictissimus scrvus, Gerold Dksmond. This last request indicates that though O'Mulryan was found useful as a military man and ambassador, ho would be much more useful as such by following the Army into any other diocese than his own and there discharging Episcopal duties for the Army as a military chaplain of the Episcopal order. In a second letter, after recounting his bereavements and losses, he tells the Pope that he will cling with a desperate tenacity to the cause of God and the Pope, bu t must obtain help "quo possem severos Ecclesise hostes propellere ex Regno, illiusque integrum statura legibus sanctse matris Ecclesia) subjicere." Then he urges that with the subsidy he demands should come among them some one having the authority of a Nuncio ; and that the Bishop of Killaloe, according to universal consent, wou^d be the fittest person for this. Then, in a third letter, dated 18th June in the following year, Desmond repeats the same sentiments of devoted attach- ment to the Holy See, and petitions that the lands of the deceased James Geraldine should be granted to his son Gerald. It thus concludL'S :■ — Literas vero super praedictas terras confectas, V. Sanctitas dignetur mittere per Nuncium Apostolicum Hispaniarum ad nostrum Ambascia- 56 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE torem Cornelium Episcopum Laonensem cui cupimus ut V. Sanctitas fidem in omnibus adhilaeat, eiimqne fretum auctoritate Nuncii cum subsidio mittendo ad nos d'gnetur mittere, quia aliis palmam prsEsipit quibus hoc esset concedendum. Valeat ac Vivat V. Sancitas, &c. &c. Desmond. The conclusion of this letter is given in full in " Spicilegium Ossoriense " (p. 81), and the part of the letter in which Des- mond asks the Poj^e to dispose of lands in Ireland as Sovereign Lord deserves a full meed of acknowledgment for its outspoken confidence. Indeed the compiler, who has disclosed such a de- licious morsel of loyalti/ for the inward digestion of the public of the 19th century who live under Queen Victoria, must be complimented for his candour and kindness. The writer of the letter entitles himself — Geraldus Desmondlse Comes, Vrse Stis Geuoralis Dux* Exercitus Catholicorum in Hibernia et Sincerus Servus, Salutem precatur atque £Eternam felicitatem optat. Quia ratio postulat ut illi qui toto zolo inserviunt atque omni desiderio Sti Viffi praemia sibi suisque successoribus subministrentur, ut alii incitentur ut eorum exempla in servitio S. Statis imitentur. Quare cum noster Consobrinns D. Jacobus Geraldinus noster prasde- cessor Generalis S. Vrse, in Hibernia sit interfectus a filiis Gulielmi Burk et a quibusdam satelletibus Capitani, MacBrien Ai-a, dignum con- suimus oratum iri S. Stsm i;t dignetur 2)er hreve Apostolicum eorum terras perpetuo concedere Geraldo filio prasdicti D. Jacobi Geraldini ejusque hasredibus, ut quemadmodum praedicti serviendo Begins Anglias neci tradendo D. Jacobum praemia opima recipiunt, ita nostra domus Geraldina decoretur a S. Vra, nedum propter servi- tium in defensione fidei et S. Vrze causa contra nefandam atqiie impiam iiotestatem Eegince maledidcB Angliae, cujus rei causa magis cupimus gloriosam mortem ipsam impugnando, quam legibus male dictae Reginse obtemperare, participesque fieri ejus maledictionis et fulmuae anathematis feriri, quo ipsa aliique adhaerentes inuodata existit. The writer of " The Diocese of Killaloe " already quoted has remarked " that the relations of our (Catholic) Bishops and of the Holy See with the native Princes during the wars of Elizabeth's reign have often been misconstrued in the writings of those who are led away hy the frenzy of political agitation. The Irish chieftains had at this period the title and privileges of independent (!) Princes, and as such they were • The Pope's Standard (carried before Desmond's rebel forces) was nearly taken in the battle at Adare, Oct. 12, 1579 (C.S.P. 1574, &c., p, 190). IIEIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 57 entitled (!) to defend with the sword those religious and civil rights which the Government of Elizabeth attempted to destro3\ Hence their struggle merited the sympathies of the Holy See and the blessing of our martyr clergy. But far more distant than heaven is from earth were the chivalry of James Fitz- maurice and the heroism of Hugh O'Neill from that cursed Fenian blight which, alas ! nowadays has fallen upon some of our benighted and deluded countrymen." In other words, it is quite right for subjects— sworn to allegiance as Desmond was sworn — to rebel against their Sovereign in the interests of the Holy See. But for such subjects to rebel, to the imperilling of these interests, then, oh ! it is a case " of an accursed blight falling upon our benighted and deluded countrymen" ! But why not this latter equally true in the one case as in the other ? in Desmondism as in Fenianism 1 in the 16th as well as the 19th century? — "the frenzy of political (or Episcopal) agitation " notwithstanding, unless, indeed, the knowledge of the times and seasons for Irish rebel- lions, also the exclusive privilege of hatching and bringing them forth, are to be supposed belonging to others and not to the wretched Irish rebels themselves. The letters of the Bishop O'Mulryan may now supply a few further traces of the diplomatic mission he followed and of the warlike enterprises he sustained. In his 1st he implores succour for the Catholics and Desmond, or else it will be all over with them, and the accursed Queen will vanquish them and bring them under her power. He also states that a clause in his Episcopal title forbids his exercise of Episcopal functions outside of the limits of his Diocese without express license of the Ordinary. And he asks that this license should be granted as a most important advantage. In his 2nd to the Pope from Madrid, he reminds his Holiness that the King was ready with men, but the Pope must come down with money for the Irish expedition at once, or else the enterprise will fail. And that Desmond was promised this help and has suf- fered heavily. His 3rd urges " ut necesse esse ut sua sanctitas subministret pecunias ut parti militum stipendia solvantur." In his 4th he states that his Catholic Majesty is supplying for the war in Ireland a great sum for purchase of arms and victuals, which he shall at once despatch from nearest port to 68 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Desmond's relief. His Holiness must frequently urge this matter on his Catholic Majesty to complete the war. His own demand for an extended license the Bishop presses in these urgent terms : — Intelligat sua Sanctitas banc clausulam non esse positam in mea Bulla proper meam culpam, neque etiam esse positam in Bullis Hibern. Episcopm. post me creatorum, qui nihil perpessi sunt in hoc bello Hiber- nico, quemadmodum ego perpessus sum, nullaquc prasclara facinora ediderant quemadmodum me edidisse, nobilesque Hibernos esse valde offensos quando dicebam, in camjyo me non posse exercere 2}ontiJica.lia extra memn Episcopatum etiam cum licentia ordinariorum loci. Proinde sua Dominatio rogabit Suam Sanctit ; ut dignetur in proemium laborum susceptorura et suscepiendorum in hoc bello Hibernico mihi. Conce- dere facultatem exercendi pontificalia et hie interim quoad me rex detineat, cum licentia ordinariorum vel sede vacante jussu regis et in Hibernia eodem modo et ubi non sunt Episcopi Catholici, jussu Comitis Desmondise Genei'alis Catholicorum possem similiter exercere pontificalia, servatis servandis a jure et a Sacro Concilio Tridentino, contra quod aliquid molire illicitum esse semper duxi. 26 May, 1683. Cornelius Bpiscopus Laonensis. July 5, 1583. — He writes that his Catholic Majesty declared it impossible that a fleet could be sent to Ireland before his Majesty, "intelligat exitum classis quaj jam proficiscitur ad insulas Tertiae, contra Dominum Antonium." Then he men- tions his going with supplies, &c., and of his obtaining a pension. " Interea Rex Cathol jussit ut pensio mihi assig- naretur, qua honeste potuissem me sustinere super Episcopatu Tigitanensi, interimque classis praeparabitur, cujus proprius pastor oblitus sui status se junxit Domino Antonio contra Eegem Catholicum Ex portu de Scetufill. July 5, 1583. — The sixth letter of Bishop Cornelius is ad- dressed August, 1583, " Sanctissime Pater," and urges what Desmond had proposed in reference to the Pope giving away lands in Ireland to recoup some of the Desmond sufferers : — Comes Desmondiee Generalis Catholicorum ferventer scripsit ad me superioribus dictus, ut cum su§, sanctitate agerem ut digneretur per Bullam authenticam, vel per Breve Aposolicum concedere terras pos- sessionesque illorum qui interfecerunt Dominum Jacobum Geraldinum Generalem Vesti'fe Sanctitatis in Hibernia, Geraldo Geraldino filio prffidicti Jacobi ut ipsi Geraldini vehementius habeant ansam in ser- viendi sedi Apostolicae atque suae sanctitatis ac ut adversarii hoc concedendo terreantui- (!) ne Sedem Apostolicam impugnent, neve istius sedis Sanctissimas sint adversarii inter nos (!) qui Anglis faveant REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 59 atque opitulentur posthac quemadmodum liactcnus. Quocirca non nihil conducet negotio atque ad augtnentationem fidei in Hibernia, ut sua Sanctitas consideret servitium Geraldinorum et potissimum Jacobi Gerald Generalis VestroB Sanditatis et istius postremo (se?-- vitium) Comitis Desmondise qui totis viribus impugnat maledictam Reginam ejusque fautores qui que progressus felices ipsam impugnando hactenus habuit. Proinde in premium horum omnium Vestra Sanctitas dignetur concedere litteras atque possessioues istorum qui interfece- runt D. Jacobum Geraldinum, Domino Geraldo Geraldino filio prse- dicti D. Jacobum Generalis Vestrse Sanctitatis prout Comes Desmondiaa suss Sanctitati fusissime scripsit ; quod si fecerit sua Sanctitas rem gratissimam Comiti, factura sit caeterosque poene nobilcs Hibernos concitabit ut sibi sedique Apostolicse inserviant, domumque Geraldi- norum semper sibi addictissimam et promptissimam experietur, &c. If this does not exhibit Bishop Cornelius urging the Pope to act as Sovereign Lord of Ireland, punishing the Queen's sub- jects by dispossessing them of the lands she gave to them, and rewarding his subjects by bestowing these lands upon them for services against the Queen, then there can be no acts by which Sovereign Lords exercise their authority and liege sub- jects exhibit their fealty. In the seventh letter Bishop Cornelius agitates the sending of the fleet to Ireland : — QuS, transmissa, Hibernia legibus sanctaB matris ecclesias, atque Anglia propediem subjicietur. Denique hasc erit proxima via, qua Sua Majestas habebit Flandriam quietam sibique subjectam. Cornelius, &c. 8th letter, written from Lisbon, deplores the death and de- capitation of Desmond : — Tristissima ac longe mcestissima nova nobis sunt ista, ac prorsus de re- ductione Hiberniee ad fidem principia (sic) desperandi, nisi S. Sanctitas mox manus adjutrices porrigat, turn subserviendo militibus aut pecuniis turn etiam scribendo quam effectuosissime ad Suam Majestatem Catholicam ut non differat jam mittere classem ad Hiberniam, qua transmissa Universa Hibernia legibus Sanctffi Matris EcclesiaB subji- cietur, erit que etiam principium et solidum, fundamentum reductionis Angliae ad fidem ; quod si hoc non fiet mox antequam Regina Maledicta iniquis Suis legibus subjiciat sibi regnum, cum non sit aliquis principalis qui resistat — actum erit de toto negotio et scintilla fidei quae hue usque illic viguit omnino extinguetur, eritque Hibernia non secus quam Anglia referta iniquis legibus Maledictae EegLnse. Cornelius. In the 9th letter Cornelius Ep Laonensis implores some money to be paid by the collector in Lisbon, as he is in penury 60 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE and actual need ; that he receives none of his Episc opal revenues; that he will stay on in Lisbon to be near intelli- gence from Ireland, until either the invading fleet sets sail or the Queen shall die. His 10th letter is to the Pope, and he closes with a de- mand, not for a miserable subsidy, but for a fleet to save Ireland, win England, and secure Flanders. His 11th and last letter in the collection is dated 29 Oct. 1584, and addressed to Cardinal de Como : — Illustrious Lord, Ten years have passed away since his Holiness created me a Bishop. And although I betook myself to Ireland, I had no induction to my Bishoprick, in consequence of its being in the possession of a certain pseudo Bishop of the Queen's appointment, who although he collected the revenues, took no trouble about the cm'e of souls, and during the ■whole time did not live within his Episcopate.* And thus I could not touch a farthing of my Episcopal revenues, nor can I ever expect to do so at least until the Queen's death, or tmtil your Holiness and his Catholic Majesty shall send a fleet to Ireland, in which I shall then resort thither. But hitherto, with the Earl of Desmond and the rest of the nobles adhering to him, I remained in Ireland in the camps of the Catholics, showing myself a bright pattern of all virtues, enduring terrible labours and want of food, preaching, exhorting, admonishing, correcting vicious conduct, sometimes with gentleness, sometimes with severity, and always giving such advice and counsel as was best calcu- lated to promote the salvation of men and the progress of the war against the English, those most frantic and ferocious enemies of the Church. At length it seemed good to the Earl of Desmond, General of the Catholics, and to the rest of the leaders, to send me hither (to Lisbon), relying as I did upon my authority as ambassador to move his Holiness and his Catholic Majesty on the subject of sending a fleet and a subsidy into Ireland. And this iindertaking of mine I discharged with all diligence in the way of corresponding with his Holiness, as very well known to yoiu- Excellency. I pleaded also most urgently with his Catholic Majesty, and with difficulty wrung from him one little ship with arms and money, which had but reached the shores of Ireland when news was brought of the Earl of Desmond being slain in the war, and that all his followers were so scattered that not a word about a war was heard any more. Then the subsidies were fetched back to this place, and I restored the sum total thereof to his Catholic Majesty. And yet after all I am still working urgently upon his Majesty that he would deign to send a fleet, or at least a moderate subsidy, to Ireland under command of Lord Maurice Geraldine, the next of kin of Earl Desmond, who at this very time, for sake of imploring aid from his Holiness and the Catholic King, has hastened hither out of Ireland. Most urgently I * This is quite true of himself, but quite untrue of the other Bishop. REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 61 plead with your Excellency to treat with his Holiness to come over and help us. Let his Holiness condescend to treat with his Majesty as to carrying out this matter. This Lord (Desmond) is indeed a man of energy, noble, and of much practical knowledge in warlike affairs, and one who, in the late war of the Earl of Desmond, won some important victories against the English. And surely his Holiness is under deep obligations to the Geraldines, who ex- posed their lives and properties to peril of utter ruin in the service of his Holiness. And further, his Excellency will understand that I am remaining here in Lisbon for sake of news from L'eland, and for sake of pressing an incessant suit with his Majesty that he would send a subsidy worth mention or else a fleet to Ireland. The creation of Bishops just at present is quite useless, unless a fleet be sent. Indeed it is injurious, because Bishops cannot easily be conse- crated or sent forth on the Mission in Ireland or in England (unless in parts of Ulster in Ireland) ; because in either case they have only to hide themselves, or appear disguised in secular dress, or must adopt the soldier's, carry a girded sword or else a halbert (?), without being either shaven or shorn, without any clerical habit, without revenue or obedience rendered by their subject faithful. And thus even so far, if they are convicted of being Bishops, they suffer capital punishment or perpetual imprisonment— nay, even their own parents and blood relations who give them shelter lose all their chattels and estates, which go to the Eoyal treasui-y. (He then proceeds with particulars as to what befel the Titulars of Cashel and Tuam, of Emly and Ferns, of Ross and Limerick, and closes with an earnest dissuasive against the immediate appointment of successors in the present position of Irish affairs.) But we must take one last look at this Cor- nelius O'Melryan— "thelLI-USTRIOIISBishop of Killaloe "(!!) — on the occasion of his final visit to the shores of his native land after a life spent not in the sedulous discharge of episcopal functions within the diocese which he never once visited, but in bustling about amid the clash of arms and in crouching a suppliant at foreign Courts for ships and soldiers to subjugate Ireland to the Pope. The Calendar of State Papers is usually dry as dust and pulseless as a skeleton. But R. Wingfield in a letter to Ch. Jas. "Wallop, with something of grand measured pathos — something of the swing and swell of a Greek tragic chorus — sounds the alarm and points the moral of these wild and wicked enterprises of rebellion, Desmond being now dead, and the bloody swords of Elizabeth's soldiers just wiped dry after Keltic slaughter only to slaughter again with a sharpened thirst. 62 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE ETC., IN THE Ai-rival of a carvill of five tops for the late Earl of Desmond. The chief man in her that presented himself was an old friar, who demanded of the country people who went on board, where the Desmond was ? They answered, He was slain. He demanded, who maintained that action ? Answer was made— None ; for that all were either slain or else pro- tected. Quoth he — Is there none of the Earl's name, that will take upon him to follow and maintain that enterprize ? They answered — Not one. Well, said he, if any had continued it until now, we had brought here to furnish them, of treasure and munition good store. And shortly they would have more, and aid enough. And therewith he shewed them great store, both of treasure and munition. The Lord General Ormond hath written to the ports to send out to take it Dublin, January 21, 1584. Letters to be written to the Lords Justices and the Lord General to intercept the supposed Bishop of Killaloe. (! !) He died in exile in 1617. And what makes his overt rebellious activity all the more culpable is the fact that his own subjects in Thomond, when the Spanish Armada was wrecked, right loyally aided the Sheriff Boetius Clancy to march the invaders to Ennis, instead of giving them any encouragement or help. It may appear to some that an undue stress has been laid upon the case of this military Bishop — or rather military agent of the Court of Rome acting under the guise of a bishop. But it must be remembered that O'Melryan was not the only one of these militant ecclesiastics. Oviedo is another, Mac Eggan another, and doubtless there were more of them, all able men and well chosen for their work. But as for their being bishops, this was a mere colourable pretext, the better to engraft religious war upon hostility of races, and thereby pro- mote at once ecclesiastical revenge and imperial ambition. As for Desmond being "an INDEPENDENT Prince and IRISH Chieftain " — as the writer in the I. E. Record ventures to assert — this man was of English origin, and had always, as his ancestors, held under the Crown of England. And it was " his plundering and rebelling against England " that brought him to his doom, at the wicked persuasion of O'Melryan — his evil angel. (See Annl. 4, Masters.) The pedigree of the Earls of Desmond from the MSS. of Sir Wm. Betham, U.K.A., 1834, is given in Mr. SainthiU's " Old Countess of Desmond," after p. 72. The first name on the long list of this renowned family is Gerald De Windsor, Con- REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 63 stable of Pembroke Castle, and Governor of S. Wales, who marries Nesta, d. of Rhys, Prince of S. "Wales. Their son- was Maurice Fitzgerald, one of the conquerors of Ireland, who died A.D. 1177, and was buried in the Grey Friary of Wex- ford. The Episcopal succession of Kilfenora Diocese now claims a brief notice. " On the 16th of May, 1552, John O'Hinalan was Bishop of Kilfenora, but I have not yet discovered (writes Ware) either the time of his consecration, or death. One John was Bishop of Kilfenora in 1570. I do not know whether it was John O'Hinalan.^' The Four Masters relate that a " John of Kilfenora, was John Oge O'Niallan, a preacher of th e word of God, and that he died a.d. 1572, and was interred in Kilfenora." Anyhow, in 1573, Murtagh, son of Sir D. O'Brien, succeeds. Ware omits him altogether, so does Dr. Cotton. But of this link in the chain of episcopal succession there can be little doubt, inasmuch as the record of the Calendar of State Papers exhibits the following (page 502, May 10, 1573) Lord Deputy and Council to Queen. Commend Murtough O'Brien, son of Sir Donnell O'Brien, for the Bishoprick of Kilfenora. The Archbishop of Dublin and Bishop of Meath certify his worthiness." But as the matter is of some importance, owing to the careless way in which it has been believed that the Bishops of the Reformed Church of Ireland in those days were mere political agents — very little better than English policemen in black clothes, — it is safer to give the letter in full which relates this business : — Lord Deputy and Council to Queen. Dublin Castle, May 10, 1573. Sute hath bin made unto us to commend unto yr Majty one Murtough O'Brien, son of Su- Donnell O'Brien, Knight, for the Bishoprick of Kilfenoi-a, alias Finniborensis, being voide, and by us assigned to the custody of the said Murtough. For his sufficiency every way he hath been well commended unto tts hy diverse. But we not thinking it good without further trial to presume to commend him to your Majestic, committed the examination of him to the ArchBishop of Dublin, who under his hand hath certified unto us that he and the Bishop of Meath had con- ferred with him and found him to be the worthiest man for that promo- tion (for godly life and sincere religion in that province) In an official document (a composition-deed, dated 1585) appear the names of the Bishops of Killaloe and of Kilfenora as 64 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE parties of the deed in their capacity as " Loi-ds Spirituall," viz. — " The Revd. Father in God Mauritius, Bishopp of Killalow." " Daniell, electe Bishopp of Killfinnoragh." The following also appear : — " Daniel Sheanagh, Dean of Kilfenoragh ; Donogh O'Hiaran, do. of Killaloe ; Denis, Archdeacon of Kilfenoragh." As this deed is of much value, illustrating the topography, customs, and tenures of Thoicond, also the Lords or chieftains in Elizabeth's days, and their relationship to the Crown and to their dependents, illustrating also much about the Church and its property, it has been considered better to give it in extenso in the Appendix, No. 5. But the chief value of it arises from the fact that this document marks the second step of an important kind taken by England at that period in reference to the Irish. In the reign of King Henry VIII. the Sovereign Lordship of the King as the fountain of honour was asserted. Now the Regal power to establish something like the English system of taxation was attempted, instead of the irregular and most oppressive exactions used under the Irish regime. Sir J. Perrott had made a similar composition with the Chieftains of Galway, which is given in O'Flaherty's H lar by Hardiman. This deed relating to Thoinond has never, to the writer's knowledge, been given in full. The copy from which it is transcribed, belongs to the Ennistymon House collection, and seems of the time of Charles I. ; made, probably, when enquiries about tenures and grants under the Crown were rife. The document and transaction are referred to in Annals of 4 M., who state that " a session was held in Ennis in which were enacted extraordinary decrees," and they look with no favourable eyes upon this innovation. It may be added that Sir J. Perrott was highly esteemed and greatly beloved for his kind and considerate bearing to the Irish. Another highly characteristic document is added in the Appendix, viz., a copy of the Fiant appointing Sir D. O'Brien Seneshall to Corcomroe and Burren, &c. From this, together with the previous document, a tolerably fair idea may be gained of what was the political and social condition of the Dioceses of Killaloe and Kilfenora in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH, 65 Two particulars of consequence in connection M'ith. the eccle- siastical affairs of the period in Killaloe still demand consideration. 1st. The language in which the services of the Church were appointed to be conducted. 2nd. The state of education. In the " Proposal for the Conversion of the Popish Natives of Ireland to the Established Religion, submitted and dedicated by John Richardson — afterwards Bishop of Raphoe — to the Upper and Lower Houses in Convocation assembled, and printed in Dublin, 1711," the following suitable observation is laid down as a primary postulate " (page 1) : — " hen a design is set on foot to convert a nation to the true religion, one would think that the ordinary Gospel-means are the fittest and most unexceptionable. Wherefore, to pre- vent all just cause of exception about so useful and necessary undertaking, the scheme here proposed for the conversion of the Popish natives was framed according to that most excellent pattern." And at page 21 of this outspoken manifesto Richard- son states and confutes the following objection : — "XI. It is objected that the best icay to convert the Irish is to abolish their language according to the wise design of our ancestors nigh 200 years ago. I answer that after the experience of near 200 years we find very little or no progress made in this design — they still retain their language and their religion too. Nay, the Irish language is so far from being abolished, that as many British proportionably speak Irish as natives speak English." So far Richardson as to the effects of not following that most excellent pattern." But how this came to pass may be further elucidated from the just reflections made by Dr. Stephens in his Introduction to The Book of Common Prayer for Ireland, p. cxxx\i., &c. While the Canon Law provided " ut pontifices civitatum vel diocesum provideant viros ideneos, qui secundum diversitates rituum et linguarum, divina illis officia celebrent, et ecclesiastica sacramenta ministrent, instruendo eos verbo pariter et exemplo," — while " the Queen, like a most godly and virtuous Princess, having chief respect and regard to the honour and glory of God, and the soul's health of her subjects, did in the first year of her reign, by the authority of her High Court of Parliament chiefly for that purpose called, set forth a Book of Common Prayer, F 66 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE &c., in the vulgar English tongue, to be used through all her realm of England, Wales, and the marches of the same, that thereby her Highness's most loving subjects, understanding in their own language the terrible and fearful threats rehearsed in the Book of God against the wicked and malefactors, the pleasant and infallible promises made to the elect and chosen flock, with a just order to rule and guide their lives according to the Commandments of God, might much better learn to love and fear God, to serve and obey their Prince, and to know their duties towards their neighbours. Which book being received as a most precious jewel with an unspeakable joy to all such her subjects as did and do understand the English tongue — the which tongue is not understanded of the most and greatest number of all her Majesty's most loving and obedient subjects inhabiting within her Highness's dominion and country of Wales, being no small part of this realm, who therefore are utterly destitute of God's Holy Word, and do remain in the like or rather more darkness and ignorance than they were in the time of Papistry," — enacted, "That the Bishops of Here- ford, St. David, Asaph, Bangor, and Llandaff, and their suc- cessors shall take such order among themselves for the souVs health of the flocks committed to their charge within Wales, that the whole Bible containing the New Testament and Old, with the Book of Common Prayer, &c., as is now used within this realm in English, to be truly and exactly translated into the British or Welsh tongue." But this was substantially identical with the Irish tongue, a Connaught harvestman to this day being intelligible to a Welshman and vice versa. Provision is also made for the correction, publication, and general use of such translation by curates and ministers before a given day. But in Ireland, notwithstanding that in the time of Eliza- beth, four-fifths of the population understood no language but the Irish, no statutable provisions were made to have the Book of Common Prayer translated into Irish, or that clergy- men should speak the vernacular language of their own flocks. But, on the contrary (seemingly to provide for Englishmen), it was expressly enacted by Stat. 2nd Elizabeth, ch. 2, sect. 15 (Ir.), that the Book of Common Prayer should only be read in English or Latin (! !) And it may here be observed that even in 1537, Stat. 28 Henry YIIL, ch. 15, sect. 7, (Ireland) IIEIGX OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 67 directed " spiritual promotions to be conferred solely on such as could speak English, unless after four proclamations in the next market town such could not be had." But of this un- happy Act of Henry YIII. more hereafter. Sir Henry Sidney, in 1576, ventured to call the attention of the English Government to the importance of providing the natives of Ireland with religious instruction in the only lan- guage they could speak or understand, and yet this was asked for only in the remote places. A curious incident is related in an interesting modern work of an English Ambassador on his way to the Court of Spain, being caught by a south-western storm and driven for refuge to Tralee Harbour. He landed, went to morning prayer, and to his utter amazement found the service in the paiish church conducted in the Latin tongue. Nor was it until 1587 that the following steps were taken to attempt a partial remedy of this great evil : — Council Eegister, Vol. VII. November, 1587, to May, 1589. Apud Greenewich iiij. Marcy 1587. Pnte. L. Chancellor, L. Shrer, L. Stewarde, LIi*. Shrer, Mr. Vice Chamberlaine, Mr. Secretarye, Mi'. WoUey. Page 86. A Lre to the L. Deputie of Ireland and L. Archb. of Dublin, that her Maty had been of late aduertised of a notable abuse continued in Theiiglish pule, where it was said that in sundry partes thereof the book of Comon prayer is publicklie vsed in the Latin tongue, and con- trarywise the booke of praier in English appointed by the Lawes there is allmost whollie neglected, and but lyttle vsed, whereby the people there for lack of instruction that they might have receaued if the Comon prayers might haue been vsed in a known tongue, are still bredd vp in error and blinde zealc to poperio to the great offence of Allmightie God, and thewth drawing of great numbers of her Maties subjectes in that realme from due obedyence in pointe of relligion, whereat her Matie doth greatlie mruaile and cannot but impute the faulte thereof chiefly to the L. Archb. Considering how the care to abolish such kind of suprstitious abuses principallie aprtaineth to him, for that it be- longed vnto his L. to have acquainted the L. Deputie wth all, by whose aucthoritie the said Inconvenience might haue been redi-essed. Their Lis are required to take piit order throughout all Theuglish Pale for the refoi-macon of the said abuse, and the establishing and generale vse of the Bible and Book of Comon Prayer in English, according to her Matys Iniunctions, and not otherwise, and to see that all such as should be found to neglect or refuse to yield vnto such reformacon, as by their 68 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC. Lis should be apiDoynted, bo ordered according to tbeir good dis- crecons. At the same time, altliougli this attempt to suppress the language of a nation produced a very injurious eflPect upon the political and religious relations between the English and Irish, unfortunately there were other causes at work producing effects not much less injurious. Indeed, Dr. Richardson asserts this when he designates the opposition to the Irish tongue " the principal cause why the Reformed Religion hath made no greater progress," but adds, "it must be acknowledged, indeed, that other causes have concurred" (p. 67). A word on the state of education in the Diocese of Killaloe under Queen Elizabeth may close this chapter. As regards the effects of a superior native education apparent upon the clergy, unfortunately there are no means of arriving at an immediate decision, all records having perished. But this may be judged in the way of comparison, when the further progress of the Church is traced and its records are searched out. Yet it would be strange to conclude that almost immediately after Trinity College, Dublin, had emerged the bright particular star of sacred and secular illumination in the Western Hemi- sphere, no graduate of this University was found upon the Diocesan Roll of Clergy. As regards intermediate education, we can find nothing performed, nothing even attempted. And although the principle was laid down by law that there shall be a parochial school in every parish, yet the provisions of this Act must have proved inoperative from the very date of publication, its application and action being left to be car- ried out not from public funds, not from ecclesiastical for- feitures, but at the cost and charges of the few half-starved clergy who constituted the diocesan staff of Bishop Mauritius Mac O'Brien in Killaloe. In fact, as to Church work in general in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, we may safely con- clude in the light of even what these pages disclose, and without the labour of reproducing Bishop INIant's minute citation of particulars, that it went but a very little way, merely laying the foundations of an ecclesiastical and civil polity, and endeavouring to provide security for life and pro- perty, rather by repelling force than by establishing law, and kihdling the beacon-lights of the Church and School in full blaze throughout a benighted Diocese. CHAPTER V. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. Sir John Davys, showing liow the defects and errors in the government of Ireland had been supplied and amended since the beginning of his Majesty's reign, first touches upon errors in martial affairs amended ; secondly, points out the courses pur- sued for the supply of the defects in the civil government ; then dwells, thirdly, upon the settling of all the estates and pos- sessions, as well of Irish as of English, throughout the kingdom. Under the second head, he luxuriates in an expo- sition of the establishment of the public justice in every part of the kingdom, by which the common people, albeit rude and barbarous, yet did they quickly apprehend the difference between the tyranny and oppression under which they lived before, and the just government and protection which we pro- mised unto them for the time to come. The law having made progress into Ulster with good success, A. Chichester established new circuits in Connaught and Munster. Of this energetic Deputy's circuits in Ulster, and of what knowledge he acquired not only in affairs secular but, alas, in the affairs of the Church, summaries appear in Bishop Mant's History of the Church of Ireland. To Sir J. Davis' circuit of justice in Munster reference is now made, that a well-drawn picture of life in the "West during the earlier years of King James I. may be presented (C. S. P. Ireland, p. 467, 1603-9) :— Having related the issue of the legal proceedings against " well nigh 100 of the citizens and burgesses of Cork — who at the Quarter Sessions 70 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE before, had been indicted ujjon the statute for not coming to cliiirch, we required them to imxj the penalty of the laws — viz., tivelvepence for each Sunday and holiday. The chief of them then desii-ed copies of the indictments to the end they might put their traverses thereunto .... they submitted to payment. Thegross sumamountedto £60andupwards, for which we appointed collectors, and assigned the moneys towards the building of a hosi^ital there : as well because that town does swarm with poor and impotent people, as also because one of the citizens dying in London had by his testament given £200 to maintain the poor, when- soever the city should erect an hospital. The citizens were glad of this assignment. And so we departed from Cork towards the county of Clare and Thomond, where we had appointed our next session In the county of Clare, which contains all Thomond, when I beheld the appearance and fashion of the people, I would I had been in Ulster again, for these are as mere Irish as they, and in their outward forai not unlike them ; but when we came to dispatch the business, we found that many of them spake good English and understood the course of our proceedings well. For the Justices of Munster were wont ever to visit this country, both before my Lord of Thomond had the parti- cular government thereof and sithence. After the dispatch of the gaol which contained no extraordinary malefactors, our principal labours did consist in establishing sundry possessions of freeholders in that county which had been disturbed in the time of rebellion and had not been settled sithence. The best freeholders next to the O'Briens are the McNemaraes and the O'Lancys {sic*) (rather the O'Clanceys). (See C. S. P. 1606, p. 211.) The chief of which families appeared in a civil habit and fashion, the rest are not so reformed as the people of Munster. But it is to be hoped that the example of the Earl,t whose education and carriage your Lordship knows, and who indeed is served and waited on very civilly and honourably, will within a few years alter the manners of this people, and draw them to civility and religion both." We ended the ordinary business of the county Clare somewhat sooner than we expected. (Then follows an accoimt of the horrible cruelty of one Downing, " a swashbuckler," towards a poor idiot. Downing was reprieved.) The gaol being cleared, we began to consider how we * Ballynacloghy Castle, now Stone-Hall, is said to have been built by D. McClancy, and was returned in 1670 as the property of D. McClanshy. The McClanchys were the hereditary Brehons, Judges or Lawgivers of Thomond, and many documents still exist attested by members of that family. Before 1641 Ballynaclough passed into the hands of Nicholas Fanning. Thomas Cullen was installed as Titulado. (Note by Hon. B. O'Brien from Dinely's Toiir, p. 81.) The name of Clancy appears elsewhere in this volume. Boetius was the most eminent of the family, and it was borne by a Dr. McClancy, an eminent literary man, whose Memoirs in two volumes were published in 1750. The Clancys arc still found in Kilfarboy parish— a respectable and industrious family. f Sec Dyueley's Tour. RETGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 71 could cut oif two notorious thieves or rebel Is who with two or three kern at their heels did infest the whole country — the latter, Redmond Purcell, we understood chiefly to be relieved in the county of Arra upon the borders of Thomond and Tipperary by Sir Tirlagh O'Brien and his sons, — which Sir Tirlagh is brother to the Bishop of Killalowe, natural Lord of Arra and uncle to the Earl of Thomond by the mother's side. For Sir T. O'Brien and his sons wc had at once resolved to take bonds of them for their appearance at the next sessions, because the proofs against them were not direct and clear ; but after- wards the Bishop of Killalowe (Mauritius Mac O'Brien), his own brother, accusing him and his sons as relievers and familiar companions of Redmond Purcell— my Lord President after our departure from Limerick towards Cashell, committed them prisoners to the Castle of Lymerick. Whereupon this effect did follow— Purcell not daring to trust the inhabitants of Arra, among whom he was wont to lurk fearing they would seek his head to redeem Sir Tirlaghe's liberty, retired into the county Limerick, where one M'Hurley drew him into a castle of his, and brought some of my Lord President's soldiers upon him, who killing one or two of his kern, took Purcell himself alive and brought him to the President since the end of our circuit, so that now we hear he is executed by martial law. Sir John then proceeds to give an account of the petitions of certain undertakers in this county (Limerick) and the county Kerry for the re-establishment of their possessions in some parcels of land whereof they had been disseized in the time of the late wars. Sir John pitied them as English and poor, but in other respects they deserved no favour — " as bad pays, \ile farmers, and, finally, as observing few or none of the covenants comprized in their Letters Patent, and laid down in that wise and exact plot for the undertakers of Munster — and among the rest they utterly neglected the principal, namely, that they should inhabit their lands with tenants of English birth to the end that every Lord of a seigniory, being able upon all occasions to rise up with 150 to 200 Englishmen, they might be a mutual strength and security one to the other, and be enabled to stand upon their guard against the mightiest rebel that could rise in those parts. But contrarywise, all our undertakers for the most part have planted Irish tenants, and among others even the sons and kinsmen of the ancient pro- prietors and owners thereof, who forfeited the same by their attainders ; so that these vipers being nourished in their bosoms, upon the first alarm of any rebellion, do fall upon their land- lords and cut their throats, make spoil and booty of all their 72 THE DIOCtSE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE substance, and cast out their wives and children stript and stark naked, whereof even these men themselves had a bitter ex- perience upon the last revolt in Munster." (472-3, ubi supra.) Donough, the fourth E. of Thomond, was most exemplary in his efforts to introduce civilization and plant with English. Thus Sir A. Chichester holds him up as a bright example to other noble Lords in the following terms : — Often advises the Lords, especially in the North, to embrace civil plantations, and to take example from the Earl of Thomond, who receives and entertains as many English as he can any way draw unto him, and uses them so well that many resort thither. Suggests that by some letter or other means he the Earl may receive encouragement to continue that good course which is the best means to bring peace, safety, and plenty into the land." (C.^S. P. 1606, &c., p. 34.) In a note by the late Honble. Rob. O'Brien to Dyneley's Tour, the fol- lowing appears : — " The Earls of Thomond were anxious to encourage Protestant settlers on their estates, and several of the Earl's tenants and of the New Patentees, had houses in this town. The rents paid in 1675 for houses and plots of ground bear a very high proportion compared to the value of farms. £10 a year for a house and shop, with a covenant to rebuild, and £50 a year for a malt-house, represent the rents paid for considerable extents of land even in the vicinity of Sixmile Bridge." (O'B.) At a future page reference is inci- dentally made to a plantation of Dutch settled at Kilrush. In the subsequent notes of Dyneley it is stated that " The Earl of Thomond, after the restoration, granted a lease of Kilrush with four and a half plough lands to Isaac Granger (? Ganier) to expire in 1675, and another in reversion in 1672 to Col. J. Blount, which contained a covenant to lay out the town of Kilrush, and settle therein ten English families or in want of them ten tradesmen, and to build no houses, but with brick or stone and lime, &c. At general hostings to send two horse- men, furnished for 1 mo. &c. &c." At Clonmel, Sir J. Davyes adds {supra, p. 475), We arraigned but one prisoner, namely, one of the sons of Sir Tirlagh O'Brien before named, who was indicted for a murder or treason, found to have been committed by him and Redmond Purcell, the wood kern or rebel of whom I spake before, with others of that REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 73 lewd company. The county did so much complain of mischiefs done by E.. Purcell, that it was thought meet for a terror and example to suflfer the execution of the law upon this young gent, (sic) and accordingly he was executed. After this, my Lord President (whose zeal in matters of religion tempered with good moderation doth merit very much consideration) was desirous that a priest, one James Morice, who was lately before apprehended, should have been indicted for publishing a slanderous and seditious bull, though without all question it be a forged and counterfeit thing, as you may perceive by the copy. We deferred this business to another ses- sion. This town being in the liberty is more haunted with Jesuits and priests than any other town or city in the province, which is the cause we found the burgesses more obstinate here than elsewhere. He then gives the legal proceedings against the Recusants, and the names and haunts of the Jesuits in Munster. Sir John crowns these statements as to his legal action against Recusants with the following extremely sensible and forcible suggestions, as a sort of per contra, addressed to the chiefs of the Established Church and the friends of the Refor- mation in Ireland : — " If our Bishops and others that have cure of souls were but half as diligent in their several charges, as these men are in the places where they haunt, the people would not receive and nourish them as now they do. But it is the extreme negligepce and remissness of our clergy here, which was first the cause of the general desertion and apostacy, and is now again the remora or the impediment of reformation." At the same time, refer- ring to the state of things he found at Dungarvan, he remarks that the true reason why country towns and villages are not yet looked into (for carrying out the Recusant prosecutions and fines) doth consist in this — the most part of their churches are broken down or ruined, and the Commission for the re-edification thereof and planting of the ministers therein hath not yet been well executed. The New Testament and the Book of Common Prayer in the Irish tongue, which will incredibly allure the common country people, are not yet fully prepared." (C. S. P. 1603, &c., p. 467.) And as reference has been made by Sir J. Davys to the state of ecclesiastical afiairs in Clonmel, it may be 74 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IX THE \^ ell to give a few brief notes from Casliel Regal Visitation Book, 1606, now in Ch. Temp, and Record Offices, also calen- dared in State Papers, as perhaps Killaloe was then not very much better off. "Yicar de Fithmenen or Fishmoyne" was John McGra the puer 10 annorum at school. He learns in the Book of the " Seven Wise Men." (This youth is officially pronounced " studiosus " for this mighty mental achievement.) A Popish priest is his curate. The Archbishop holds many livings "in commendam" (besides what his sons and others hold for him). Others were vacant and no curate. Others alleged that their letters of Orders were burned. Another parish was served by Patricius Maguire, a runaway priest. Another by " a decrepid old man." Lewis Jones (Cotton I., p. 35), afterwards made Bishop of Killaloe, who, by the waj^, makes a strange-looking bargain about Church lands with the all-devouring Archbishop Miler Magrath. The parish of Camkill has no church, no chancel, no curate, and yet it was assigned " ad mensam Archi- episcopi." BaUycahill was better off; as, though it had no curate, the church and chancel " were covered with straw." Of several parishes the note is thus : " Ecclesia (de duffyn) ignota " ! ! The Prebend of Dj^sert Lauras was rather well off. " Yicar Edmond Hurley, Student in College, Curatus. Da MacFoy sacerdos rudis et Barbaras." Almost solitary stands the favoured case of Ballynlough. " Vicar David Rawley, a reading minister, resident and serving his cure." Ecclesia Balinard had for Vicar, Donald O'Torg, "an unworthy fellow." Another had Hugo Hartes — " Homo indignissimus." This individual was also " Minister of "Willistown, value 4/., for eight years, but upon oath he doth confess that he never yet cele- brated Baptism or Communion, and accordingly he was de- prived." But the Precentor of Cashel, one Stephen Dowdall, is one of the most interesting cases of all. " Erat servus Domi ; Archiepiscopi" (Reg. Visitn. Book) — "altogether unlearned, not understanding Latin, and only able to read English." The visitors deprived this worthy " Heavenly Footman " as John Bunyan might well have called him. Before passing to particular details of the Ecclesiastical affairs of the Diocese in this reign, it is advisable to give a brief extract from a State Paper on the subject of " The removal of grievances REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 75 and the advancement of trade," these being among other projects furthered by the King, " with a desire to advance the flourishing estate of the realm of Ireland." (Eot. Pat., 19 Jas. I., pt. 16, No. 46.) The Commissioners were to enquire, &c., " what lands, rents, or hereditaments were given, &c., by our predecessors to any College, Free-School, or the mainte- nance of any corporation or other charitable or public use — and by whom they were given, when given, where the same are situated, of what value they are, &c. ; whether they have been wholly or in part converted to the use of any private person, or contrary to the use designed ; and how they may be restored to the good charitable uses designed." With regard to Killaloe Diocese there is not a trace of an endow- ment in this way accruing, although under its peculiar condi- tions most particularly requiring such extraneous helps. The Commissioners of the King were also to enquire, exa- mine, and find out all such things as do or may in any wise occasion the let, hindrance, or decay of trade, traffic, and oom- merce within the kingdom (of Ireland), &c. And now having approached the period of conflict between the English laws, customs, social and political systems, with those of Ireland, some brief reflections may not be deemed altogether out of place in the present narrative. This conflict, the manner in which it was carried out, and the issues involved, may perhaps be found to have a far greater influence than is gene- rally taken account of upon the fate and fortunes of the Reformed Christianity now raising its glorious standard in the West. The establishment and enforcement by the English upon the Irish or Keltic community of their English laws and language, of their domestic and social usages, their prying interference with and suppression of old Irish family names, their minute spying out and dictation of the dress* the Irish man and woman must wear, and even how he is to trim his beard, and whether he wears a moustache on his lip or not, the hard measures dealt * In Patent Eolls, by Mr. Morrin, the following in reference to dress and the material and colouring of same is interesting : — Pat. 11., Jas. I. 6.3. Grant to Danl. Birne and Chas. Hedley, Gent., of authority to seize all Irish mantles and bendells dyed with Saffron which may be worn in Leinster and Munster Provinces, &c., together with I part of all fines incui-red for wearing thereof, contrary to the Statute, during seven years, yielding to the (Jrown the ^ of such fines. 17 Apl. 11. Act. Eeg. 76 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE out not alone against tlie Brehon interpreting the antient laws of Ireland at the cairn, the fort, or the old cross, but also against the wandering harper and the " rimer," or bard, beloved of old and yoimg, of rich and poor in the tribe and clan — all this was not a thing first put forward at the time of the Reformation in religion and the enforcement of English rule by Elizabeth and James. It was an old storj?^, the story of conquerors crushing and exterminating the fallen, instead of undertaldng the gradual and humane amalgamation of diverse tribes and estranged races under one beneficent rule. The 28th of Henry YIIL, chap 15, deals with " a conformitie, concordance and familiaritie in language and tongue, in manners order and apparell with them that be civil people." Here also is set down the notable opinion " that there is againe nothing which doth more conteyne and keep many of his subjects of this his said land in a certain sauvage and wild kind and manor of living than the diversitie that is betwixt them in tongue language order and habit," &c. Then particulars ensue in proof of " the persons that esteem not his most dread laws." They are these : Such as shall be shorn or shaven about the ears or use the wearing of* hair upon their heads, like unto long locks called glibbes, or have or use any hair growing on their upper lips, or use or wear any shirt, smocke, kercher, bendel or linnen-cap, coloured or dyed with safiron — ne yet in any of their shirts or smocks above seven * A cui-ious incident is related in Perrott's Life (p. 199) : The Lord Deputie caused a Parliament to be summoned. In which none of any degree or calling were suffered to come in any clothes, but only in English attire, and although it appeared uncouth and cumbersome for some of them to be so clad (who preferred custom before decency and opinion before reason) yet he constrayned them that did need any constraynt. Amongst whom because it is a matter of some mii'the and that doth discover their myndes, though it be not of any great wayght, we may remember one, who being put into English apparell came unto the L. Deputy and besought one thinge of hym (in a pleasant sorte, as they are most of them wittie) which was that it please his Lordship, to let one of hys Chaplyns, whom he termed his Prieste, to accom- pany hym arrayed in Irish Apparel, and then quoth he they will wonder so much at hym as they do now at me. Soe shall I pass more quietly and unpointed at. By this it should seem, that they think, when once they leave their old costomes, then all men wonder at them, and that then they are out of ^11 Frame and good Fashion, according to that saying, " They which are home in Hell, think there is no Heaven." What folly all round ! ! REIGN OF KIXG JAMES TUE FIRST. 77 yards of clotli to be measured according to tlie King's Stan- dard (! !) Or that no woman wear kyrtell or cote tucked up, or embroidered or garnished with silk, or couched ne laid with usker, after the Irish fashion (! !) Then, the Act prohibits " mantles »S;c. made after the Irish fashion " under penalty of a forfeiture of the offending article, also with penalties and mulcts (" times of hosting or rising out upon a cry " alwaj^s mercifully or indeed selfishly excepted). Then come penalties specified in a sliding scale, from 6/. 13s. 4c?. down. Then comes a prohibition of induction of Irish-speaking Clergy, unless after notice at market-cross, and in default of any other English applicants coming forward. (See " The Statutes of Ireland newly perused, &c. Dublin : Printed by the Society of Sta- tioners.") Going back to the preceding reign, we find it gravely enacted about war-cries, "that no person shall take part with any Lord or uphold variances, using the words ' Crom a boo, Butler aboo,' but to call only on ISaint George or the name of his Sovereign Lord the King for the time being." In the same reign is an Act for confirmation of the Statutes of Kilkenny. That all and every of the aforesaid statutes (those that will that every subject shall ride in a saddle, and those that speaketh of the language of Ireland all only excepted) be authorized, &c., &c. One more specimen of this legislation so systematically pur- sued will be found in the 5th of Edward IV., cap. 3 (Ireland) : " Every Irishman that dwells betwixt or among Englishmen in Coy. of Dublin, Uriel, Meath, and Kildare, shall goe like to one Englishman in apparell and shaving of his beard about the mouth and shall be within one year sworne the liege men of the King in the hands of the Lieut, or Dejiuty — and shall take to him an English Surname of one town, as Sutton, Chester, Trym, Skreyne, Cork, Kinsale, or colour, as Black, White, or Browne, or an art or science, as Smith or Carpenter, or an office, as Cooke, Butler. And that he and his issue shall use this name under pain of forfeiting of his good, yearl}^, till all the premises be done, to be levied two times by the year to the King's warres," &c. Now, without at all conveying that no legislation had been useful and needful, even though utterly adverse to Irish prejudices and practices, the kind of legislation, which may be called irritating intrusive and ineffective, had largely pre- dominated for centuries, and had left upon the Irish mind at the 78 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Reformation period a very sore feeling, and a deep-rooted aver- sion to England and everything that came under English auspices or was associated with English power in Ireland. Whether this was right or wrong is not now the question ; but that such is a fair statement of a matter of fact can hardly be made a question. However, an authority as learned and as English as can well be found may now be produced in confirma- tion of these conclusions. " I do not know (writes Mr. Maine in his Early History of In- stitutions, p. 54) " that the omission of the English, when they had once thoroughly conquered the country, to enforce the Brehon laws through the Courts which they established, has ever been reckoned among the wrongs of Ireland."* This is not the question before us. But the question now to ask is. Did it redound to the wisdom of English policy, and did it pave the way for a " free course " of the pure reformed faith, to which the Irish were then by no means averse, that the Irish- man found all which tied him by the very heart-strings to the past and to the present of his native soil, treated ag if it was the barbarism of a barbarian, who must at once strip himself of these absurd and intolerable belongings and surroundings ?t Allu- ding to " Coyn. Livery and Coshering," the same erudite exponent of ancient law makes the following decisive concession (p. 161, ubi supra) : — " Perhaps there was no Irish usage which seemed to Englishmen so amply to justify that which as a whole I believe to have been a great mistake and a great wrong — • the entire judicial and legislative abolition of Irish customs." And what made this all the worse was the fact that the English did * Whether any one may contend, that the omission of the English conquerors of Ireland to enforce the Brehon laws through the Courts they established is to be reckoned among the wrongs of Ireland, is a matter of indifference to the writer. But it may be worth stating that one who is fully competent to give an opinion as a jurist and as an Irish archeeologist has arrived at the following conclusion as the result of a careful enquiry : — "That there is a. substantial rcscmhlance between the antient Celtic law of Ireland and some considerable portion of the Com- mon Law. And this disclosure, with further elucidations and enforce- ments, will teach our countrymen the wholesome social and political lesson that all our insular populations have a common inheritance in the Common Law." (Dr. S. Ferguson's Paper, E.I.A. Transactions, p. 37.) f See Sir John Davis on the Cavan Case. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 79 much to perpetuate the Bvehon law in the state in which we find it. " And the Anglo-Norman settlement on the East Coast of Ireland acted like a running sore, constantly irritating the Celtic regions beyond the pale, and deepening the confusion which prevailed there." Thus, for example, some of the chief- tains gained only a life interest and not a real estate trans- missible, as McNamara, of Glancullen, under Sir J. Perrott's deed. And the McNamara is soon brought to Dublin under strong escort, by the orders of the energetic Chichester, upon a charge of treason and traitorous correspondence. (See C. S. P. 1606, p. 428.) Besides this, the tenants of the chieftains (ex- cept, indeed, those of the Earl Thomond and the Earl Clanric- karde, who are honourably omitted from the censure (C. S. P. I. 1606, p. 211), though ever so meekly preferring to be fleeced by their own chieftains, if only not bled by others, fared worse than before, from the Crown giving them no adequate protection against unmerciful exactions. Thus it was with McNamara above. So also with O'Neille. " So soon one mischief succeeds another in this accursed kingdom!" as Chichester bitterly exclaimed. (C. S.P.I. 1606, p. 560.) In Miscellaneous Collections of co. Clare in R. I. Academy among the Ordinance Survey MSS., it is stated at p. 246 that " the Irish Brehon law was ordered to be abolished and the laws of England were substituted in their stead, except with some families who retained the privilege of being governed by the Irish law, as the O'Loghlens, the O'Connors, &c. But perhaps some important aspects of this question may be better taken in by reading the following Letter of Queen Elizabeth in favour of Conor, Earl of Thomond, a.d. 1577 (from original Roll) : — We have, in consideration of the dutiful mind the said Earl pretends to bear to us and our said service, not only consented that for his better contentation, such a confirmation should pass under our Great Seal of this our Kealm of England, &c., with limitations to be decided by the Counsell. He is allowed freedom from cess, not only in the 8 Baronies in which he enjoys his estates, but also freedom from same in the rest. 2nd. Where the said Earl pretends au antient Government, by way of commandment, over the Freeholders within of Thomond, especially in malcing of Surnames, and after the decease of every Chief of every name, to allow the next Captain or Successor, which he says has been heretofore beneficial and profitable to him and to his ancestors that were Captains of that country. Which custom ho either piuys may continue in him ; or else for his relief. If the land shall be or shall be brought into 80 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE an ordinary succession of inheritance, as were to be wished both here both there and in the rest of the Irishrie, that the wardships of their heirs may be at his disposal, as his heir by his tenure ought to be Ward unto us, &c. (This is granted very doubtingly and with strict limita- tions, but with a generous consideration had) " of his loyalty towards us as of the meanness of his estate and hability to maintain the countenance of the degree whereunto he is called without such help." 3rd. He alledgcs great sums of money due to him for cesses, &c. And during inquu-y as to the truth of this " we have thought good to lend him 200L" 4th. He is allowed the customs of Clare and Clonroade chiefly upon merchandizes of wine aud ale brought from our Port towns to castles, &c. 5th. The Bonnaght of the gallowglasses, a cesse of victuals raised universally upon the whole of Thomond for their wages is now to be allowed the Earl so far " as hath been leviable on his own proper lands," be remitted to him. 6th. King Henry VIII., by grant, gave Earl of T the moiety of the Abbey of Clare. And he wants the other moiety still in our hands, with the territories of Ince and Cohenny. The Chantries of Termon Shenam, Termon Tulloughe, Termon Mynough, and T n Skenoway, we are well pleased that upon a survey to be made thereof by our surveyor, &c., He shall have an estate in ye sd Abbey lands, &c., and Chauntries to him and the heirs males of his body, reserving to us such rent. Lastly, he desu-cs the island of Innis Catlirie, under pretence that he wld convert it in to a " Fyshe-town," (unless, because we suppose it to be within the river Slienyn, and of some importance to the city of Lymerick), We have thought good to be advertized therein, and there- fore require to be informed of you touchmg the importance and situation of the place. To Sir H. Sidney and Sir Wm. Gerrard, &c. "What a contrast to all the needless confusion and lasting offence raised upon collateral issues — issues not absolutely- essential to the requirements of either Church or State — is pre- sented in the conduct of St. Patrick when he came preaching the Gospel in Ireland. In Senchus Mor, p. 5, vol. i. of the Brehon Laws translation, one may read that — " Patrick baptized with glory In the time of Theodosius, He preached the gospel ivllhout failure To the glorious people of Milidh's sons." And what makes this contrast of the manner in which the reformed Christianity of the sixteenth century was propagated in Ireland, as compared with the manner in which St. Patrick REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 81 propagated the Christianity which he brought to Erin in the fifth century, appear so striking, is to be found involved in a single consideration. The two systems were both in their positive and negative aspects substantially identical. In par- ticular, they indicated an absence or else a negation of extreme Pelagian tenets, of Pagan* rites and old-world importations, of a sad retracing of the Christians' footsteps into the slavery of Levitical institutions, — above all, of the building up a sacramental idol partly upon an arbitrary distinction borrowed from Aristotle's philosophy, and partly out of what Coleridge called " Rhetoric turned into logic." The argument is well summed up by the writer quoted in " Lawrence's Interest of Ireland," p. 56 : — " If the ancient godly fathers, which first converted them (the Irish), when they were Infidels, to the faith, were able to pull them from idolatry and paganism to the true belief in Christ, as St. Patrick and St. Columb, how much more easily shall Godly teachers bring them to the true understanding of that which they already profess." Yes, if an unfortunate pre- judice makes not the old true faith odious when preached again. Patrick came to Erin to baptize and to disseminate religion among the Gaeidhil. And Legaire, King of Erin, in order to test his sincerity, ordered his people to kill a man of Patrick's people. And the Lord ordered him to lower his hands to obtain judgment for his servant who had been killed, and told him he would get his choice of the Brehons in Erin. And he consented to this, as God had ordered him to lower his hands to obtain judgment for his servant who had been killed, and told him that he would get his choice of the Brehons in Erin, and he consented to this as God had ordered him. (Senchus.) The subject-matter of controversy was, whether there should be exercised Celtic retaliation or Christian forgiveness. The Brehon adopted in his decision a middle course. And it was after this sentence (thus given) that Patrick requested the men of Erin to come to one place and hold a conference with him. " Then the King said, It is necessary for you, Oh, men of Erin, that every other law should be settled and arranged as well as this. It is better to do so, said Patrick. And accordingly what did not clash with the Word of God in the written law and in the * Among the Saints of tlie 1st order at least. See Usher and Todd's Patrick. & 82 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE New Testament, and with the consciences of believers, was con- firmed in the laws of Brehon by Patrick and by the Ecclesiastics and Chiefs, for the law of nature had been quite right, except the faith and its obligations and the harmony of the Church and people. And this is the Senchus Mor.* And it is further related that until Patrick came, only three classes of persons were permitted to speak in Erin : 1st, a chronicler to relate events ; 2nd, a poet to eulogize and satirize ; 3rd, a Brehon to pass sentence from the precedents and commentaries. Since Patrick's arrival, however, each utterance of these professions is subject to the man of the white language, i.e. the Canon of the Gospel." (Senchus Mor, Introduction.) And if we add to this happy union, so judiciously cemented by Patrick between patriotic feeling and religious reformation, the recent experience " of the government of India being rendered appreciably easier by the discoveries which have brought home to the educated of both races of their common Aryan parentage" (Maine, ubi supra, p. 19) ; also if due weight be given to the fact of the late movements in Fijian affairs being eminently successful owing to the bold use of the principle of assimilation instead of i?i7iovalion (see Daili/ JSfeivs, August, 1876), the utter unwisdom of the English of the period under review will stand out in full pro- minence. They went out of their way apparently to raise up an almost insuperable barrier against themselves and their government ; and, worse still, against the pure, holy, and love- able religion of the Lord Jesus Christ, which they professed to follow and spread, when they flung away all Irish institutions, manners, customs, and usages, the retentive shrines of the chronicler's lore and of the Brehon 's memory, alike with the golden cord of the poet's fancy and the magic touch of the harper's skill. (See the Composition Deed and the Fiant of Seneschal of Burren, &c., in Appendix.) The slender success of the Keformation among the Celts was therefore due, not alone or mainly (as is usually considered and repeated) to the fact that the Irish tongue was prohibited in divine services and the Latin preferred. The measure of success is traceable to the general system of the English nation in their dealings with the Irish. This impelled the men who freely yielded to Gray and Perrott and Sidney, afterwards to turn with aversion from every English institution and association — their * How difi'ereut all ilii^ from the modcru Infallibility theory of 1870. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 83 religion pre-eminently — and to cling with a convulsive tenacity to their own old-world life as they knew it. And nowhere was this more conspicuous than in Thomond ; for (Manners, &c., of A Irish E. O'Curry, vol. i., xv.) " in 1509 the Irish laws were still in force in the county of Clare, which is indeed the part of Ireland in which the last judgment of a Brehon was delivered ; and the poetry, historic tales, and genealogies of olden times, still lived in the memory of the people." And although portions of the Brehon law were unintelligible in the commencement of the 16th century in Ireland, still the startling change caused by the great social revolution now without ruth carried out, turned the singular tenacity of the Irish for their early institutions into a deep-rooted aversion of- the new system in all its aspects. This was the unfortunate influence acting then and since (alas ! too often) under which men were prepared for accepting the National though reformed Christianity by being first tho- roughly afironted, and were considerately treated as slaves in order to train them to take their place in a brotherhood of free men. And yetj though the Irish race had much to complain of in these and other ways, and thoughtful Englishmen have not a little to regret at needless hindrances of Evangelical progress in the past, still it cannot be denied that, with all just abatement made and fair complaints allowed, the change even as made was an infinitely better thing, on the whole, for the Irish themselves, both high and low, than had things continued on as they were before. But why was the change marred by a gratuitous ofien- siveness ? At the same time, also, few things are more absurd than the solemn introduction into Irishmen's national covenant with the Crown, in the next reign, of a reservation — or, rather, a restoration — to the Irish of their cherished custom or right of tilling the ground by tying the scratching instrument they called a plough to the tail of the horse. (See Borlase and Cox.) The rationale of this custom is to be found in the following curious and graphic delineation of Thos- Dyneley,Esq., in his visit to Ireland in the reign of Charles II., whose pen was as descrip- tive as his pencil : — Here (a part of Thomond) Horses 4 abrest di'aw the Plough by the Tayles, which was the custome all over Ireland, untill a Statute forbad it. Yet they are tolerated (in) this custom here, because they cannot manage their land otherwise, their plough-geers, tackles, and ti-aces G 2 84 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE being (as they are all over the rest of the Kingdom) of gadds or withs of twiggs twisted, which here would break to pieces by the plough-share so often jubbing against the rock, which the geers being fastened by ■vrattles or wispes to the horses tayles, the horses heincj sensible stop, until the Ploughman lifts it over. (Kilkenny Archeeol. Journal, N.S., July 1867 ; p. 192.) A matter of no small importance may here best be treated, and that is the question of the effect upon the marriage laws which the English system produced. To refer the improve- ment upon the old system to the discipline of the Roman Church would seem wide of the fact.* The Roman Communion had very quietly allowed a state of things, grave in the extreme, to proceed for centuries. The connubial license given to an Irish chieftain under the Brehon Laws was something very free and easy ; and the Church of Rome certainly did not put it down. As Archbishop Browne states to Crumwell (Cal. St. P. Ir., vol. iii. pt. 3, page 104), " In the Irishtie, a manshal not jinde amonges an hunderith parsons, not twenty legiitimate home, so that they can never come to their purposes of sundry promocions without letters of licenses, which doubtless wolde be beneficial unto the Kinges Highnes." The estabhshment of the English Law of Primogeniture, to the superseding of the elective system of having the strongest and boldest chosen head of the tribe, partly worked out the change from the laxity of the marriage bond in Ireland. (See some curious illustrations of the Irish state of marriage in Sainthill's " Old Countess of Desmond," vol. ii., page 63, &c.) But this beneficial change was also mainly due to the action of the reformed religion. Of this there can be no doubt, if credit be given to the valuable evidence adduced by Dr. Russell and Mr. Prendergast, in their Preface to C. S. P. Ir., p. xxvii. — " The Lord President and Council were to call upon the bishops (of the Church Esta- blished) severally to proceed, according to the censure of the Church, against all notorious adulterers, and such as without lawful divorce have two wives, or leave their wives, or while their lawful wife liveth marry with an other ; and to execute the sentence pronounced by bishop or ordinary upon such offender," ' * See Maine as above, p. 61. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 85 But to return to the strictly ecclesiastical condition of affairs. Maurice Mac O'Brien, having first succeeded to his brother's property (see Morin's Patent Rolls), and also having attained to other considerable pecuniary benefits by favour of the Crown, at length resigned the see of Killaloe in 1612 and demised in the next year. Dr. Cotton, after Ware, gives the following account of O'Brien's successor in the see of Killaloe : — " 1613, John Rider, M.A., was a native of Carrington in Cheshire, and was educated at Jesus College, Oxford. For some years he held preferment in England, being Minister of Bermondsey near London, and afterwards Rector of Winwick in Lancashire : and coming over to Ireland, he became Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, Archdeacon of Meath, and a Prebendary of Killaloe. He was consecrated on January 12th, 161|. His patent having been dated August 12, 1612. In 1616, the Bishop obtained a Royal letter, for the restoration of such lands as had been wrongfully taken from his see, and also for the general im- provement of the Bishop rick. (Rol. Pat. 14 Jac. 1.) He also made a representation to the Royal Commissioners of 1622 of several rectories aliened from his see by his prede- cessor, M. O'Brien, and, it appears, was successful in causing their restoration. The literary works which the Bishop pub- lished are : — 1. A Latin and English Dictionary (improved from Thomasius, 1589). 2. A letter concerning news out of Ireland. Quarto. Lon- don, 1601. 3. A claim of antiquity in behalf of the Protestant Reli- gion. Quarto. London, 1608. He compiled a valuable document entitled ' The state of the Diocese of Killaloe presented to his Majesty's Commissioners at Dublin. 1st July 1622.' A copy of this return is pre- served in the Diocesan Registry of Cashel. It is very copious, minute, and interesting; and well deserves tobe printed. The Bishop shows himself to be extremely anxious that the clergy should study and use the Irish language for the better instruction of the natives. He died at Killaloe on Nov. 12, 1632 (leaving two sons, John and Thomas), and was buried in his Cathedral." So far Dr. Cotton. 86 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Every effort in tlie power of the writer tas been made to acquire additional information of the birth, family, and literary labours of this Bishop. Search was made in that magnificent work, Ormerod's Cheshire, edited by the learned Mr. T. Helsby, but the result did not answer expectation. Fuller's TVorthies added nothing new, and alludes unfavourably to the Dictionary of Thuanus. There is no copy of any of the Bishop's works to be found either in T.C.D. or Marsh's library. In the British Museum is a copy of his controversy with the Jesuit, ritzsimon, with the following title : — Rider (John), Bishop of KiUaloe. A friendly caveat to Irelands Catholickes concerning the Danngerous Dreame of Clnnsts corporall (yet invisible) presence in the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, grounded upon a letter pretended to be sent by some Catholickes who doiibted, and therefore desired satisfaction . . . with the Aunsewere and prooffes of the Romane Catholick Priest. Perused and allowed for Apostolicall and Catholicke by the subscription of H. Fitzsimou, Jesuit, &c. Dublm, 1602, 4". Deaneof St. Patrick's. This performance extends to something about 150 pages foolscap printed matter. The fullest account of Eider accessible is to be found in Mason's St. Patrick's Cathedral, of which he was Dean in 1597. In this is a sketch of his controversy with Fitzsimon in the Castle of Dublin, while Fitzsimon was a prisoner there. But neither his controversial nor his literary efforts are to be put in the scale with his able and honest labours as Bishop of Killaloe. These are indeed fine gold. Mr. R. Lascelles, in Lib. Mun. Hib., alluding to Bishop Rider's successor, uses the expression of there being then made an exceptional addition to " a dead list." Had Mr. Lascelles made himself at all acquainted with the work by Bishop J ohn Rider wrought in Killaloe, he could hardly have found anything dead or indifferent about this Prelate. The following document, though not a very exciting study, is well worth the careful perusal of those who desire a competent knowledge of the diocese and of its Bishop, Dr. John Rider. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 87 Pat. Koles (Court of Chancery) Ireland. James Kex. Ires dni Eegis p Johani Rider laonens Epo. Right trustie and welbeloved wee greete you well. Whei'eas John Rider the Bushopp of Killaloe hath made his repaii-e unto our presence and hath informed us of the greate decaies and icnconscionahle concealmte and usurpacons of the temporalties tythes advowsons and other spiritu- alties of that Bishopriclce to the fitter overthrowe of the state thereof if it be not repared with our tymlye care and assistance wch informacon of his and the waies by him psented unto us howe the same might be amended wee thought fitt to refer to the consideracon of the moste reverend fathers in God the Archbishopps of Canterburie and Armagh who have restored unto us their advise and opinion what course is fittest to be taken to restore the said Bishoppricke in some measure to the righte belonginge unto it to wch wee have given good allowance and accordinglie are pleased to direct these our Ires ^mto you ivillinge and requireinge you our deputie of that our Kingdome or other Oheife Governor or Governors for the tyme beinge takinge to you or them the assistance of our Chancellor for the tymc beinge the Primate of Armagh for the tyme beinge the Bishoppe of Meath for the tyme being our Cheife Justice of our bench there for the tyme beinge or any three of them our Cheife Justice beinge allwaies one or any three of them by them selves when you our deputie are not at leasure our Cheife Justice beinge allwaies present to examine thoroughlie the state of the psent ayid late possessions of the said Bushopricke and to restore the said Bishop to the possession of all such landes tythes fishinge and other heredita- mente as shalbe found to have bine wroungfuUy detained and usuiped from the said Bishopricko or otherwise to have benn fraudulentlie gi-aunted and confirmed without any rent or a verie small rent reserved, together with the restitucon of the arreares of the meane proffitte if you shall see good cause in equitie to move you thereunto. Ajid this to bee doun in a sumarie course of pceeding giving you authoritie to call any pson or pson by way of pcesse or if neede be by any othere compulsorie meanes as you shall thinke fitt before you to shewe by whate tytle they hould the land tythes and fishinge which the now Bishopp challengetli and they possesse and if it fall out they have noe lawfull tytle or in- terest in the said land tythes and fishinges but possesse them by usur- pacon or pretended prescripcon that then forthwith the Bishopp be put in possession of the same to the use of him and his successors and that you doe cause psent restitucon of the arreares allsoe unto the said Bishopp if there be cause in equitie so to doe giving as often as needo in the prosecution thereof in charge to our learned counsell as in case of our owne landes and that the suites may be admitted and prosecuted without payinge any fines or othere expences in lawe by the said Bishopp or his successors — and for such lands of the said Bishoprick as are inioyed by pretence of our or any om" predecessors Ires patten &c. havinge fraudulently surrendred the same Bishopps lande with their owne or otherwise without expresse nominacon of the pticulers frome hence that the now Bishopp and his 88 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE siiccessors may be admitted to traverse any office or offices well conceme not any plantacon whereby our Crowne is or was intituled and that to be doun with all expedicon and lawf uU favour without any fee to our remem- brancer or any other officer or officers whatsoever and that the Cheife Baron or Barons of our Exchequer there uppon the findinge of such traverses doe cause psent restitution to the said Bishopp and his successors and our Covmcell learned in the lawes to take charge thereof as of our owne land. But for such lande as were by expresse name from hence warranted by us to be graunted there, that then for recompence thereof our will and pleasure is that you our deputie or other Governour or Govenors for the tyme beinge shall graunte unto the said Bishoppe Eider and his successors for ever so much of the psent or next escheated lande found therein that kingdome by office or hereafter to he founde wch shall not he dis^wsed of hy way of flantacon as shall in valew comitervaile that our graunte— and whereas divers have gained in the rebellious tymes jDast most of the possessions belonginge to the said Bishoppricke either by fraud or force and so uppon payment of a small chafrie would plead pscription to theis soe greate disorders and lawlesse enormities bred by the confusion of former tymes and not to be suffred in a Chris- tian peaceble comonwealth, wee think fitt to give a speedie redi'esse and therefore wee require you to take such psent order by the spediest course that you can advise or thynke fitt that this Bishopp for his psente use and his successors may bee relived in all his and their pticular wronges as he or they shall informe you whether the concerne landes tythes fishing Jm'isdiccons advowsons defections Court Barons or any other thing whatsoever belonginge or hath belonged unto the said Bishoprick and now detained in pte or in whole from the same and if you thinke it fittinge uppon resonable increase of rent wee are willinge to giue leave and by theis om- present Ires doe give leave and license unto the said Bishopp and his successors to make lease or leases unto them or their assignes for threescore yeares provided ever the said tennant shall surrender upp unto the said Bishopp and his successors all other claymes tythes and interest wch now they uniustlie doe challenge or if they shall refuse them to lease the same in parte or in whole to anyother soe incresing the rent and holding ymedeately of the said Bishopp for the said lands and further wee require you to have a speciall care to examyne within that dioces wch he impropriacons (»*e vera) and wch be not and that the vicaredges wth their gleahes, arreares, and mansion houses he restored and intierlie reserved to the use of the ministers of God's service and not otherwise and if they cannot shewe lawfull warrant that they be imppriacons then you restore them as psentatyes to the Church and soe to remaine forever exacting from them a trew accompt and restitution for their former sacriledge and if you shall finde any to be unconformable to such rea- sonable condicons and composicons as you shall propound unto them in the behalfe of the said Bishopp and his successors then wee require you to certifie their names and what you have donn therein to our Arch- bishopp of Canterbury that such further com-se may be taken with them in this busines as shalbe thought expedient— and for the better REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 89 effectiiige of this our will and pleasure wee authorize will and require you if neede be to graunie out any Comission or Comissions under our greate seale and without ffee to discover by oath the fraudulent graunte sui-renders and wth holdinge of pmisses or to doe or suffer to be doun any other thinge or things devise or devises whereby the pmisses may be expedited with all celeritie in the shortest kinde of Sumarie hearrnge without delaies and lastely out of our religious care wee have for the said Church and Gods service wee are well pleased if the said Bishopp or his successors by his or their learned councell thinkc itt fitt and co- modious for him to surrender all the prmisses unto us that you doe accept the same and allsoe prsentlie rcgraunt them, for ever to him and his successors in such lawfull manner as cann best be devised by our learned counsell there without any ffee or flees whatsoever and these our Ires shalbe your sufficient warrant and dischardge in that behalfe. Given under our Signet at our Mannour of Theobald the eighteenth day of July in the fourteenth yeare of our Raigue England ffrance and Ire- land and of Scotland the nyne and fortieth. To our Right trustie and welbeloved Sir Oliver St. John our deputie of our Realme of Ireland and to any other deputie clieife Governor Chauncellor or Keep of our greate Seale now beinge and which here- after shalbe whome it may concerne. Md' quod ultimo die Septembr' Millesimo Sexcentesimo decimo Sexto Griffinus Steephens vicar' venit in Cane' dni Regis Regni Sui hibnie et petiit has Iras pse' Supa Script' Irrotulari ad cujus requisicon' Irrotu- lanter de verbo in verbu cum Indorsament' inde prout Supius. A Regal Visitation of this Diocese prior to 1622 is now pre- sented. Part was found in transcript among the R. I. A. papers, the rest in Armagh. Doubtless this was part of the General Ecclesiastical Visitation throughout Ireland by Commission directed to the Archbishop of Dublin, the Lord Chancellor and others, 13 Jacs. I., p. 501, Patent Rolls (Morin). In addition to the above King's letter to restore to Bishop John Rider and his successors so much wrongfully taken from his see, we now present THE ROYAL VISITATION OF KILLALOE DIOCESE, 1615. (Copied from original. Compared with the official transcript. Finished the 13th March, 1812, by R. G. Greene ; and further compared with the duplicate originals by the Very Rev. W. Reeves, D.D.) COMITATUS CLARE DIOCESIS LAONENSIS. Ecclia Cath (edralis) the chauncell rejiayred. CEconomia Ecclise. Rectoria Kyllmoor, antiquitus spcctans ad ffidific ecclia?. Val. 24L Set and demised for seven yeeres for lOL per an. Killalow, Dcgory Hawkes, minister et predicator inservit. (Thus far is written on the verso of the cover in the visitor's hands.) 90 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., TN THE COMITAT. CLAEE, DIOCES LAOXEK Decanus, va. 301. Hugo O'Hogan, minister legens. Precentor, va. 41. Daniel Kennedy, minister legens. Caucellarius, va. 20 marc. Vacat Cancellariatus (sequestr.). Tliesaurarius, va. 41. Nicholaus Bright, minister. Archidiaconus, va. 40 marcar. Patricias O'Hogan, minister legens. Prebendarius de Tomgreny, va. 201. Dns Ep. Limnicen. Prebendarius de Loghkin, va. 71. 10s. Georgius Andrew, Decanus Limericen. Prebendarius de Cloindagad, va. 4 nobles. Thomas Prichard, minister et predicator. Prebendarius de Tulloghe, va. 4L Danl. Kennedy, minister legens. Prebendarius de Eath Bartholomeus White, minister legens. DECANATUS DE OMULLED. Eector de Omulled, va. xvi.l. Eichardus ffuller, minister legens. Church well and chancell. Eect. de Clonilea, ad rect. de Omulled. Vic. de ead, va. 3L, vacat. Johes Blagi-ave, cm-, minister legens. Old walls only. Eect. de Killfinaghta, ad rect. de Omulled. Tie. ad ead, va. 71. Andreas Chapline, minister legens, residens. Eect. de Killteely, ad rect. de Omulled. Yic ad ead, va. 31. Church well. Johes Blagi-ave, idem qui supra. Eect. de Killokennedy, ad rect. de Omulled. Id. EoofE unthatched. Vic. de ead, va. bl. 5s. Idem. Johes Blagrave. Eect. de Killnoa, ad rect. de Omulled. Walls up, uncovered. Vic. de eadem, va. 3/. Johes Corbett, minister legens. Eect. de Feikle, ad rect. de Omulled. Church and chancel shingled well. Vic. de ead, va. 41. Owen Prichard. Eect. de Killvran, ad rect. de Omulled. Church down, chancell ruinous. Vic. de ead, va. 40s. Owen Prichard. Eect. de Ogonila, ad rect. de Omulled. Vic. de eadem, va. 41. Johes Moran, absens in Anglia. Anthony Hawkes, Cur. Eect. de Moynoe, Sequestr. Va. 61. Idem. Johes. church and chancell down. Vic. de eadem Vacat. Hugo O'Hogan, Decanus Laonensis. Curat. Eect. de Clom-ush. Impropr Comiti Thomonise. Vic. de eadem Vacat. Hugo O'Hogan Decanus. Curat. Eect. de Inisgealtra. Impropr Eico Boyle Mil. parvi valoris. Church down. Vic. de eadem Vacat. Eect. de Stradbm-y als KillanagarafEe. Improp Duo Bourke, Baron de Castleconnell. Va. 201. una cum Vicaria. Vic. de eadem Vacat. Hugo O'Hart, Curat. No ciirat appeares. Eect. de Castleconnell. Impropr Dno Bourke, Baroni de Castleconnell. Church and chauncell in good repayre. Vic. de eadem, Vacat. Hugo O'Hart, Curat. Va. 15Z. una cum preced. Vic. No curat appeares. REIGN OF KIXG JAMES THE FIRST. 91 Eect. de Killtinanlea. Improp Comiti Thomoniae. Churcli and chauncell repayred. Vic. de eadem Yacat. DECANATUS OGASSIN. Kect. de Ogassin. Dnus Epus Limericen. Yal. 40?. Eect. de Quyn ad Eect. de Ogassin. Val. 4Z. Vic. de eadem. Morgan Bennis, minister legens, residens. Church and chaimcell downe. al. 5?. Vic. de Tulloghe. Cornelius McMahowne, minister legens. Church and chauncell repaired. Eect. de Clonee ad Eect. de Ogassin. Church and chauncell downe. aL it. Vic. de ead. Morgan Bennis, qui supra. Eect. de Dury ad rect. Ogassin. Chm'ch and chauncell down, 'al. 51. Vic. de eadem. Thomas Prichard. The parishioners resort to the Church of Innish. Eect. de Killraghtas ad Eect. de Ogassin. Church and chauncell uncovered. aL 30*. Vic. de ead, vacat. Johes Corbet, curat. Eect. de Killtoolaghe ad Prajbend de Tomgreny. Church and chauncell downe. j Vic de eadem. Xo cui-at. I Eect. de Templemaly ad Eect. de Ogassin. J. 50s. Yic. de eadem. Thomas Prichard. Annexed to Innish. L 50s. Eect. de Inchicronan ad Eect. de Ogassin. , Vic. de ead. Impropr. Comiti Thomoniae. Church and chauncel in repairing. My Lord of Thomond hath imdertaken it. Eect. de Killmorinagall ad Eect. de Ogassin. Church and chauncell uncovered. L 4Z. Vic. de eadem. Andreas Chapline, qui supra. DECANATUS DE TEADRY. E«ct. de Tradry. Johes Steere, minister predicat. Eect. de Tomfinloh ad Eect. de Ti-adry. Chm-ch uncovered, the chancel repaired. Vic. de ead. Gregorius Saich, minister legens. Eect. de Killanafinlaghe ad rect de Tradry. Church and chauncell downe. Vic. de ead. Petrus Lambert, minister legens. Eect. de Killmaleery ad rect^ de Tradry. Church and chauncell downe. Vic. de eadem. Petrus Lambert, curatus. Eect. de Killconiy ad rec. de Tradry. Chm-ch and chauncell downe. Vic. de eadem, vacat. Petrus Lambert, curatus. Eect. de Clonloghan, ad rect. de Tradry. Church and chancell up. Vic. de eadem. Petrus Lambert. Eect. de Drumlein ad mensam Epi. Vic. de eadem, ad Thesauriarium. ~j Eect. de Finnoh, ad Eect. de Tradry. | These Yicaradges Vic. de eadem, vacat. Morgan Bennis, curat. )■ to be united to the cure Eect. de Bonratty ad rect. de Tradry. I of Bunratty. Vic. de eadem, vacat. Morgan Bennis, curat. ^ 92 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC, IN THE Eect. de Killonie, als Killughe. Improp dmno. Baro de Incliiquin. Val. 51. ^ic. de eadem. Church and chancel downe, no curat, sequestd. Eect. de luishdadrum, vie. de eadem. Improp Comiti Thomonise. No church, no inhabitants. Val. 40 markes, una cum Kectoria de Kil- maly. Val. 61. Val. SI. Val. 41. Val. 61. Val. m. VaL il. Val. Zl. DECANATUS DE DEUMCLEIFFE. Rectory de Dmrnhleiffe deprivat, sequest. to Captn Norton, sheriffe. Cornelius McConsidin, minister legens. confesses that he hath but five pound from the patron. Church and chauncell down, to be an- nexed to Innish, value 40 marks — una cum Eect. de Kilmaly. Church and chancel down. Vic. de eadem Thos. Prichard, qui supra. Val. Eect. de Kilmaly. Cornelius McConsidin. Church and chauncell repaired. Vic. de eadem, Thos Prichard. Eect. de Killeneboy. Thos Prichard. Ch and chauncell down. Vic. de eadem, Barthol White, minister legens. Barthol "White, inservit curse. Eect. de Eath. Daniel McGiUiesaghta [now Lysaght, W. E.]. Church and chauncell repayred. Vic. de eadem. Barthol White, inservit cnrte. Edmond O'Hogan to appere before the Commis att Innish for these. r Eect. sive prebend de Disert. Andi-eas McGilliesaghta. Chancel up, J church downe. Bart White, curat. y Vic. de eadem, dudum vaca^nt sequestrata. Corneli McGilliesaghta ad C inserviendum curEe. ( Eect. de Killnamona. Franciscus Frothingham, minister praedicat. ( Vic. de eadem. Church and chappie in reasonable repaire. Eect. de Kilkeady, Vic. de eadem. Jacobus Darsy, scho. studendi, gratia- Chui-ch and chauncell unrepayred. Evan Jones, minister leg inservit curae. DECANATUS DE COEKAVASIN. Eect. de Clonidagad. Improp. dmo. Baroni de Inchiquin. Church and chauncell repaired. Vic. de eadem, Eobertus Frothingham, a deacon inservit curae. Eect. de Killchrist. Improp Comiti Thomonise. Church and chauncel downe. Vic. de ead, vacat. Eobt Frothingham, curatus qui supra. Eect. de Disertmurhuly als Killedisert. Imp. Comiti Thomonias. Church and chauncell in repairing. Vic. de eadem . My Lord of Thomond undertakes to admit an honest man in the vicaradge. Eect. de Killfeddan. Impropr Comiti Thomoniae. Church and chancel downe. Vic. de ead, vacat. My Lord of Thomond undertakes as aforesayd. Eect. de Killofin. Imp Com Thomon. Church and chauncell well up. Vic, de ead, Franciscus Frothingham. Curat, Christopher Frothing- ham. Eect. de Kilmurry, ) Improp Com Thomonaj. Church and chauncel in Clonderelah } reasonable repaire. Vic. de eadem. Eobertus Frothingham. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 93 Rect. de Eallarda ad prebend de Killrush. Church and chauncel re- pay red. al. 3/. Vic. de eadem. Eobertus Tuisden, Minister predicat inservit Curas. Rect. de Killamure, Imp Comiti Thoinona3. Church and chancell up. ai 30s. Vic. de eadem. My Lord of Thomond undertakes as aforesayd. Rect. de Killmichell. Impr Comiti Thomonise. Ch and chancel up. aL 403. Vic. de ead. Eobertus Frothingham, qui supra. Rect. de Killmcaduan. Imp Com Thomon. Church and chauncel uncovered. aL 4Z. Yic. de ead. Robert Tuisden, qui supra, inservit Cure, al. 30i. Rect. sive Prebend de Killrush. Marcus Lynch, student, deprived. The Preb sequestr to Robert Tuesden. Rect. de Killfieraghe. Spectat ad Prebend de Killrush. Church and chauncel um'epaired. aL iOs. Vic. de eadem, vac. Wilmus Milsam, a mere layman. Rect. de Kilballihone ad Preb de Tomgreny. Church aud chauncel aL SOi. uncovered. Wmus Milsam, Cure, qui supra. Rect. de Kilmurry Ibrickan. Improp Comiti Thomonise. Church and chauncel repaired. al. 50». Vic. de eadem. No vicar. No curat. Comitted to my L of Thomond. Rect. de Killfarboy. Improp Comiti Thomond. Church and chauncell repaired. il. il. Vic de eadem. Bai-thols White, inservit curae. Rect. de Moefartah. Impropr Comiti Thomond. Chui'ch and chancel uncovered. il- 3'- Vic. de eadem. Robt Tuisden, qui supra, inservit Curce. Laonensis Dioceseos pars, viz. Decanatus Ormoniae Superioris et Inferioris. Decanatus de Ely O'Carroll sen ( ). latibus. DECANATUS ORMONI^. Rectoria de Nenah. Impropriat at Monaster de Owney Sir Edmund Walsh— firmarius. Church ruynous, chancell downe. No curat. Vicaria ibidem. Impropriata vacat. Rect. Integra de Ballinacloy. Est membrum decanatus Laonensis. De- canus inservit. Rectoria de Lisbunny. Impropriat ad monasterium de Owney, Sir Ed. Walsh, firmarius. Church and chancel down. No cm-at. Vic ibidem, impropriat vacat. Rect. de Killanruffe. Impropriat ad monasterium de Tyone. Sancti Johis de Neynah. Chui'ch and chancel down. No curate. Vicaria ibidem. Impropriat vacat. Rect. de Dola. Impropriata spectat ad mensam Epi. Vic. ibidem, impropriat vacat. Dms de Inchequyn tenet. No curat. Rect. uitegra de Kilkcery. Hugo Hogan, Dccanus Laonensis. Rect. Integra de Dunnamona, est capella annexa ad parochiam de Killalow, et spectat ad Decanum et capitulum Laonen. No church, no chancel, no curate. Rect. de Burgo boga. Impropriat ad monasterium de Owney, Su* Edward Walsh. A good church, a good chauncell. „ pr Incumbeutis. thwell. 94 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE ETC., IN THE Vicar ibidem. Donatus 0 'Kenedy Studens. Precentor Ecclesiae Cath, inservit Curte Eec. de Yoghallarra, est parcella rectoriae de Moysea et Decanatus Laon, spectat ad Decanum. Vic. ib est parcella vicarise de fEennogh ut dicitur. Piers Butler, Incumbens, Vicar. Rector de Castletownarra. Danl. O'Kenedy, Cler. Precentor Laonens. Church and chancell -well. Vic. ibidem idem Daniel, Valoris, 81. aut circiter. Rect. Integra de Dromineer, est membrum Decanatus Laonensis, Dictus incumbens inservit cura3. Ch- and cha- well. Rector de Elillmore impropriat ad fabric ecclise Cath. Rect. de Kneagh. Improp ad monaster De Owney, Sir Edmund Walsh. Church ruined, chancel. Vic. ibidem, Jobs Hogan Studens. Precentor inservit. Valo 3L Rect. de Killodierna, improp. ad monast. de Tyone. Vic. ib impropriat. No curat. Rect. de Clohapriora impropriat ad monast de Tyone. Church and chancel down. Vic. ib impropriat. No curat. Rect. de Kilbarrain. Impropriat ad Monaster de Owney, Sir Edm Walsh. Ecclesia et cancella in ruin. Vic. ibm. Geraldus Fytzgerald in arte Baccalaureus. Decauus in- servit. Valor 51. Rect. de Ardcrony. Impropriat ad Mensam Epi. Chauncell up, the body down. Vic. ib Patricius 0 'Hogan, inservit Curse. Valor 40s. Rect. de Modriuich. Petrus Butler, Cler. Valor lOL Chauncell up, church down. Vic. ib idem Petrus. Inservit Curse. Rect. de Kilroain, Impropr. ad Monast. de Tyon. Church quite downe. No curat. Vic. ibid impropriat. Vacat. Rect. de Balligibbon. Digory Hawkes, Cler. inservit Cure. Val. 41. Vic. de Balligibbon. Impropriata. Vacat, nuUus Curatus. Rec. de Ballimacky, improp. ad monaster de Tyon. Vic. ejusdem est parcella annexa ad dignitat Cancellariatus Laonensis. Val. 20 nobles. Deprived for non-residence. Corpus Cancellariatus. Rec. integra de Thome, est similis parcella, et memb cancellariatus Laonensis. Pars cancellariatus. Rect. de Athanameala impropriat ad Abbathiam de Tyone. Brian Magrath tenet. Vic. ib. impropriat. Rect. de Burss na ficrna, Impropriat. Neither church nor chauncell. Vic. ib. impropriat. Rect. de Lattrah. Val. 4?. Donat O'Kennedy, Studens. Precentor in- servit. Church and chauncell well. Vic. de Lattrah. Est membi'um precentoriatus Laonensis. Valoris 40s. Precentor inservit. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 95 Kect. de Templedeiy. Impropriata ad Abbathiam de Tyoue. Church and chauncell down. Yic. ibidem, impropriat. Vacat. Rect. de Kilderidagrum. Impropriat ad Tyon. Kilerin ibidem. Impropriata. No curat. Vacat. Rect. de Fennoh. Petrus Butler, Clcr. Minister legens. A chui-ch only in repayr, no chauncell. Vic. ib. id Petrus. Inservit curto. Rect. do Tirreglas est membrum Eectorife de Fennoh. Petrus Butler minister legens. Pr with Finoa supra. Chancel covered. Vic. ibidem est membrum Decanatus Laou. Decanus inservit est Corpus Decan. Rector do LoiTho — impropriat. Una pars ad Priorem de Lon-a. Chaun- cell up, Church down. Altera est parcella Archidiaconatus Archidiaconus inservit curae. Vicaria ibidem. Est parcella Archidiaconatus Laonensis. Ipse inservit, pr. Rect. de Bonohom. Patricius O'Hogan clericus tenet per dispensationem Val. 3L Church up and Chauncell. Vic. ib. impropriat Priori Lorha, vacat. No curat. Rect. de Durroh. Patricius O'Hogan per dispensationem. Vic. ib. impropriat ad Priorem de Lorra. No curat. Sequest. Rect. de Lockin. Est Prajbendte de Lockin, ad Decanum Lymeri- censem. Church and chancell well repayred. Vic. de Lockin. Brian O'Hogan, Studens. Valor 3L Rect. de Ballingary. Impropriat ad Abbathiam de Any Sr Rich Boyle firmarius. Vic. ib Patricius O'Hogan cler idem insei-vit. Val. 3L Rect. de Usgenan, improp ad Monasterium de Any Sir Richd Boyle. Church and chancel decayed, all save the Vicar's part. Vic. ib Geraldus Figerald in Art Baccalaureus Studens in collegio. Rect. de Aglisclohan est parcella Rectorial de Durro, una pars : et altera pars est parcella de Rect de Finnoh. Piers Butler et Aj'chidia- conus. Ch and chauncell well. Vic. de ead est membrum Archidiaconat Laon, Ipse inservit. Rect. de Buriskean, impropriat ad Monaster de Owney. Vic. de ead. Petrus Butler, Cler. Rectoria de Mosea. Val. 201. Ch and chan well. Vic. ibid vacat. Val. 81. Hactenus de Decanatu Ormoniae, incipit Decanatus de Ely, DECANATUS DE ELY O'CARROLL. Rect. de Roscrea, impropriat ad Monaster de Tyon, Olyver Grace, fii-marius. Val. 81. Sequestrat ob ruinam ecclesijB. Vic. ib ^neas Callanan Apostata, ideo sequestratur. Vicaria valet 91. Church and chauncell downe. Rect. de Castletowne. Impropriat ad Tion. Oliver Grace firmarius valet. Church down and chauncell up. Seqr. 96 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Vic. ibidem Cornelius O'Sheran cler, inservit Cnrsd. Valet bl. Eect. de Eamaveog. Impropriat ad Tyon. (Firmarius) Oliver Grace valet — Chm-ch and chauncell dowue. Vic. ib est parcella Vicarise de Castleton, Cornelius O'Sheran, qui supra, inservit Curae. Parcella Castleton and rated there. Eect. Integra de Finglas, dicitur ea parcella de Dunkerin. Eector Cor- nelius O'Sheran. Valet 20s. Parcella Dunkerin. Eect. de Dunkerin, impropriat ad Tyon. Firmarius Olyver Grace. Valet 121. Church downe, chauncel up. Vic. ibidem, Cornelius O'Sherin cler, inservit cure et residet, valet 61. Eect. de Templehary. Improp ad Tyon. Fii-marius quis upra, valet — Church and chauncell down tyme owt of mynd. Vic. ib est pcella Vicarice de Dunkerin. Cornelius O'Keran qui supra. Valet 20s. Eect. de Burrin impropriat ad monasterium Sancte Crucis. Firmarius Comes Ormonise. Valet 20 mks. Vic. ibid Stephanus Stephens Studens. Cornelius O'Keran inservit curse, valet 20 nobles. Habet pro stipendio 20s. Church and chauncell up. Eect. de Swinroan est impropriat ad Tyrone Oliver Grace firmarius. Valet. Ch and chan up. Vic. ib Nicolaus Nelly studens. No curat. Ideo sequcstratus fructus in manus Nicolai Nelly, una cam fructibus rectorijB de Kilmurrey. Eect. de Kilmurrey Nicolaus Nelly studens, valet cum priori vicaria de Swynroan 4 lib. Vic. ibidem Taddeus O'Donnilan studens, Gualterus Fytzsymons inser- vit curse. Valet 40s. Ch and chan up. Eect. de Birrha. Walter Fizimon cler inservit curaj. Valet 10 marks. Church repayring and chancel up. Vic. ib vacat et sequcstratus in manus Patricii O'Hogan, Archidiaconi. Sequcstratus ad manus Walteri FitzSymons qui inservit curse. Eect. de Kilcolmau. Est parcella rector de BiiTha. Valet 10 marks. Eector qui supra. Church downe, chauncell up. Vic. ib. impropriat, valet 51. No curat, sequestrat. Eect. de Ahankon improp ad monast de Thome. Firmarius Bernardus Magrorgs. Church and chan downe. Sequestr. Vic. ib impropriat ad monester vel prioratum de Innishnambeo . (Now Monahincha.) No curat, to Mr Jas Dyllon firmar, Sequest. Eect. de Etagh improioriat ad mon. de Tyone firm, qui supra. Ch and chan up. Vic. ib. Eneas Callanan. Apostata, ideo sequest. No curat. Eectoria temporalis de Eoskomroe impropriat, ad Tyonc, fir qui supra. Ch and chan partly uncovered. Valet 6 li. Eectoria ecclesiastica ib. impropriat to Sir Jas Dyllon. Valet 40 p. Parcella ejud parochise. Vica,ria de Eoskomro. Thomas Denteth predictus concronat. Valet 4 1. The ch and chan partly uncovered, sequestrantur fructus recto- riarum et vicarise iu manus vicarii ad sedificationem ecclesia3. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 97 Eect. Integra de Clonfertmulloh. Taddeus O'Donnilan studens. Gual- terus Fitzsymons inservit curse. Valet 4 li. Ch and chan up. Eect. temporalis de Kinnity improp ad monast de Inyshimeo— fir- marius Jacobus Dyllon Miles. Val vi. li. Eectoria ecclestica Gulihelmus Donnilan studens. Valet 6 li. Vic. de Kinnity. Idem Gulihelmus Donnilan. The Denteth inservit Cur£e. Val 4 li. Ch and chan downe. Ideo sequestr: fruct utriusqiie. Eectorise et vicarise in manus Edmundi Donolan ad Eedificationem ecclesiae ante mensem Mali prox., viz. anno 1616. Rcct. temporalis de Litterluna impiop ad monast de Inyshymeo firmar Jacobus Dyllon Miles valet ( ) Eect. ecclesiastica ib. Thom Denteth cler qui inservit cures. Val 201. Ch and chan down. Sequest fructus. Vic. ibidem vacat et sequestratur in manus ejusd Thomse ad inser- viendiim curse animarum. Valet 3 li. Sequestrantur fructus. Vicariee et Eectorise ecclesiee in manus Thom» Dent, ut inser- viat curse, et sedificet eam partem ecclesise quse ad vicarium et seip- sum pertinet. Eect. Integra de Kilcummin. Vacat et seqr. in manus Caroli O'Carroll ad reparationem templi et reliquos usus in lege destinatos. Cornelius O'Sheran inservit curse habet stipendium 20s. Church and chancell downe. Valet 3 li. Eect. de Quillanoan impropriat ad Tyone, fir qui supra. Vic. ib sequestr. No curat. Ch and cha downe. Eect. de Inshinameoh (Insula viventium. W. E.) als Corbally im- propriata ad prioratum de Inyshymeo fir. Guil Dyllin. 46* nota. Church and chauncell up, but shut up agaynst the minister and reserved for masses. (This is the veritable old church near Eoscrea which Lcdwich has described. W. E.) Vic. ib impropriata ad predict monast de Inyshymeo. Vacat. No curat. In Decanatu de OrmoniEe et Ely O'Carroll. Sunt 50 Eectorise et Vicarise imropriat^ ad mona.steria vel prioratus, viz., In Decanatu OrmoniiB sunt Eect improp ... ... 17 Et vie ib improp ... ... ... ... ... 15 In Decanatu de Ely O'Cai'roll sunt rect improp ... 14 Et vicarise ib improp ... ... ... ... 4 50 Mass Priests) sunt in Ely O'Carroll Teig Moynahau Shane Oago Wm O'Hegan Teig McShane H Saccrdotes misales {i. e., Onnonia Mortah O'Glassan Piers McCostei Wm O'Hogan Edraond O'Kenny 98 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE fforgenanim Egan Philip O'Hynan (vir sine nomine) Teigh O'Gownan Ludimagistri Papales — Papist Schoolmasters. Patrick and Mary Nicolas Webb, Welshman (Nomina impropriatorum spectant ad comitem Ormoniae infra Diocesem Ossorien, quorum cancellse non sunt reparatse.) A BOOKE OF MY CLEAKGIE OF MY DIOCES OF KILLFENOEAGHB AND ALL THE PAKSONS VICAES AND CURATES INCUMBENTS IN ALL THE PARISHES OF THE DIOCES ACCORDINGE TO THE RIGHT HONABLE THE LORD VISITORS DIRECTIONS. Livinges belonging to the Deanrye of Killfeno- raghe. Rcctoria de Kiltoraghe. Kectoria de Cloen. Eectoria de Glaninaghe. Kectoria de The Dean Donnellon is revolted to popery, valoris 5/. Sequestred by the faculties, nowe voyd. All these Churches ruyned. Treasurer of the said Cathedrall Churche Mr. Evan Jones minister and preacher who hath vnited to the said Treasurer- ship the Vicarages of Killmakrie and Killaspoclanan. These are valet iiijZi., the Vicaridges iij li. Church and Chaun- cell ruinated. Chauncelor of the said Cathedi-ale Churche Mr. Eichard Walker minister and preacher who hath vnited to the said Chauncelorshipp the parsonage and ■\acaradge of Killeylage Cancellar valet 40s. Eectoriae valent xxvi*. 8d. Kil- muney 6li. Ids. id. Killeylaghe: all ruinated. Church and Chancels ruin- ated. The Archdeacon of the said Church Mi'- Hughe Powell, who hath united to the said Dignitie the parsonadge and vicar- age of Eathbornie the vicarages of Uchtmawne and Killmanahyn. Archi- diacon valet iiijli. 10s. Eathbornie valet 30s. Uchtmawne 20s. Kilmanahinl3s.4(?. Churches and Chancells ruinated. The chauntershippe ignoratur for as I have learned it hath bin swallowed up in loose tyme. [ Murtogh oDaveryn minister and an Irishe- ', man. Valet xxss. Parson and Vicar of Killo- ) Bartholomew White minister and au Irish- noghan. ^ man. Valet i^xxvs. All dowue. Livinges pertaining to the Treasui-ershipp. Eectoria de Drum-Krye In- tegi-um. Livinges pertayuing to the Chauncelorshipp. The Eectorie of Killeny. TheEectorieof Uchtmawn. The Eectorie Killtorney. Livinges belongingc to the Archdeacon. Eectoria deKillaspoclonan. Eectoria de Killmakrie. Eectoria de Killmanahyn. Vicar de Nochvall Tomalyu. and REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 99 Parsonage of Nochwall ^ Johii Willson deacon not yet, and schole- and Vicai" of Killkorney > master of the said dioces of KilKenoraghe. andClowney. ; Valent 50s. All downe. N Sequestred this yeare towardcs the cover- mu^ T7-;„ „ f inge of the cathedrall churche ; and f or the The V^arages of Killeny ^ ^j^^radge of Killenye is to be receaved ana jvuitoragne. l ^j;- Neylenandfor the vicaradge of Killtoraghe xxs. and no more. The Cannon Portions nomine prebendarum belonging to the cathedrall church of Killfenoraghe. Hath one cannon portion belonging to his dignitie of auncient custome xiiijs. Hath one cannon portion belonging to his dignitie xiiijs. Hath one cannon portion belonging to his dignitie xiiijs. Hath one cannon portion belonging to his dignitie xiiijs. Hath one cannon portion, xiiijs. Hath one cannon portion xiiijs. The Deane The Treasurer The Chancelor The Archdeacon Willm Neland, deacon Murtoghe oDaveryn minis- ter Andreas McGillisaught Derby Nestor Mathew Powell The last cannon portion A Pratestant's sonn and a student in the CoUedge att Dublin hathe one cannon portion xiiijs. A Protestant, hath one cannon portion xiiijs. A minister's sonn hath one cannon portion studendi gratia xiiijs. Is sequestred this yeere onely for the repa- racion of the cathedrall church. Parson and Vicar of ) Mr. Marke Pagett the younger, bachelor of Ai'ts Carne Integr. ^ and Student in the Colledg att Dublin THE STATE AND VALUE OF THE BISHOPEIC OF KILFENORAGHE. The Byshopricke of Killfenoraghe in the Kinges bookes valued att vs. Irishe per annum The just value as it is now, appereth in the particulars foUoweinge There are in the Baronye of Corkcomrowe two jjlowlands i belonging to the manor house of Kilfenoraghe { • |. Demayne landes, and in the Bushoppes possession { ^' per annum ... ... ... ... ... . . . ; One plowland in the barony of Burren called Drom- cree Derrayen lands and in the Bushoppes possession / leased to one Hugh Powell of which lease there are > xl. s behinde of xxitie yeres xij yeres, the rent xls. per V annum H 2 100 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE CHIEFFE EENTE IN THE BAKONYE OF COBKCOMEOWE. Cloen — twoe quarters — Rent per annum ... ... xx. s Licken one quarter — Rent per annum ... ... ... x. s Kiltoraghe twoe quarters — Rent per annum ... ... xx. s Ballywrea twoe quarters — Rent per annum ... ... xxiij. s iiij. d Ballycross one quarter— Rent per annum ... ... xi. s viij. d Kearnhmebaughely— two quarters, Rent per annum ... viij. s iiij. d Kearhumore — one quarter — Rent per annum ... ... viij. s iiij. d Lisdowny — one quarter — Rent per annum ... ... xi. s viij. d Ballingowne foure quai-ters— Rent per annum ... ... xl. s Ballytarsenaghe, one quarter — Rent per annum. . . ... xi. s viij. d Vchtoraghe one half quarter — Rent per annum ... ... x. s Killenbegeaglan and Killachrie ny Killy — Rent per annum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... iii. s iiii. d Killmachree foure quarters — Rent per annum ... ... xx. s Liskanerve, one quarter— payeth no Rent ... ... 0 Chieff Rents in the Baronye of Burren. Nohewall, four Cesses — Rent per annum .. . ... ... iiij. li Killcorne, two Cesses — Rent per annum ... ... ... xx. s TJchtmawne and Aghenonan, foure Cesses — Rent per annum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xl. s Gleaninaghe, five Cesses — Rent per annum ... ... xx. s Killenahan, twoe Cesses — Rent per annum ... ... xx. s Kromelin, one Cesse —Rent per annum ... ... ... x. s Annuall Proxies fiftie two shillinges ... ... ... lij. s The Ilandes of Aron auncientlye belonginge to the Bishopricke of Kill- fenoraghe which are tive markes rent. "Where also there are twoo Prebendes belonginge to the Cathedrall Chm-che the one named Disarte Breckan the other Killurly. But I could never gett any thinge out of the said Ilandes since I had the Commendam of the Bishopricke, which is almost Tenn yeares. So the true value of the Bishopricke of Killfenoraghe communibus annis amounteth to no more then 32Zi.45.ster. BAR LiMER ET FeNCH. This was Barnard or Bernard Adams, Bishop of Limerick and Kil- fenora. We now direct special attention to THE STATE OF THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, PEESENTED TO HIS MAJESTIES COMMISSIONEES AT DUBLIN, JULY 1, 1622, PER JOHAKNEM LAONENSEM EPISCOPUM. (This copy was made from a copy in my possession, this 8th of July, by a writer employed by rae, and named Wm. Edward Ellis. REIGN OF KINO JAMES THE FIRST. 101 The copy, from which this copy was made, was made by myself from what is most probably the original Report, in May, 1873. The Document from which my copy was made was temporarily placed in my hands by Major R. A. Studdert for the purpose of having a copy made for Richard Nugent, Esq., of 32, Charing Cross, Lon- don, which copy was duly made by the aforesaid clerk for Mr. Nugent, to whom the copy was duly forwarded. The said Document was duly returned by Major Studdert's direction to the Dean of Killaloe, the Very Rev. J. H. Allen, the Registrar of that Diocese. Archdeacon Cotton speaks of this document in his Fasti, and says it is worth printing. He also states that there is a copy in the Cashel Diocesan Registry. This copy was made for Rev. P. Dwyer, and at his expense. Christopher Feeling M'Cready, M.A., Clk.) Dublin. 8 July, 1874. THE LOYALL ANSWER OF JOHN EIDER BISHOP OP KILLALOE TO THE ROYALL DEMAUNDS OF HIS MATIE PROPOSED BY HIS HOBLE COMISSIONERS IN 14 ARTICLES WHEREOF 12 ARB EXPRESSED IN THEYR LETTERS TO ME DIRECTED BEARING DATE APR. 23, 1G22. AND YE OTHER TWO ARE EXPRESSED IN THEYR SECOND LETTER DAT MAY 1 1622 first How many Parish Churches are wthin ye Diocese of Killaloe ? I answer there are one hundred and sixteene as may appear by a par- ticular account of them given in the answer to the third article. Recond How many of those churches are Presentative and wch are appropriate ? I answer yt ye churches in my diocese canot be so distinguished for that some of the churches are divided into 30 [ — ?] parts of severall natures : and every church hath his Rectory [and P] Vicarage ; and the Rectory may be pstative, and ye Vicarage imppriate, and so on ye contrary : but all ye Benefices [in ?] my whole Diocesse do stand in five differences Donative s ,from ye Kings Matie , , fCollative | f from ye Bishop j J Presentative I • J from Lay Patrons ! bein I Appropriate ( ' 1 To ye Bp Deane, chap, [number 1 j-. Impropriate and Prebends ^To certain Abbies 54[?] J [78 And wch of ye sd Benefices are so Donative, Collative Presentative Apppriate or Imppriate is set downe in ye first columne ye answere to the thii'd article throughout every page. liird How are ye said churches and Parishes supplied with ministers. Curates and Incumbents, and how are ye Cures discharged ? I answer this article by a particular enumeration of [every ?] Parish Church wthin my Diocese, together wth ye names of [the ?] Incum- bent and Curate, also (if there be no Incumbent) ye qu [ — ?] of theyr persons, and yearely value of theyr benefices as ne [arly ?] as could be remembered (diductis diducendis) mentioning also the Patrons of ye said livings, and what pxies are aunciently due to me ye Bishop out of ye said severall Benefices : as followeth 102 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 15 0 The Deanery to which belonges : — Rectory in- j tire ofDro- mineer ... ) Rectory in- ) (,-. tire of Kil- jfl^ teery ... ; Vicarage of ) 62 Ballinaclohy | Ben. Vicarage of ( 88 Tirraglasse ) Ben. Cloginkelly ) ofYohall, arra ... ; £ s. d. 20 0 0 Hugh Hogan, a native minister and canon- ist. Installed in ye yeare 1602. How ye Cures are served shall appeare in theyr severall places. The King's Majestie. [?]5 0 The Chauntorship to wch belongs Vi- cai'age of Lattrah and ye Clohinkel- lies of Kil more KUteely Clonibrah Kiltinanleh 5 0 0 Daniel Kennedy, a na- tive minister and ca- nonist. Installed in Anno 1604 Cui'e served by him- selfe. The Bishop of Killaloe. [?] 6 8 The Chauncellor- ship to wch be- longs Rectory in- tire of Thom Vicarage of Bally- mack y 15 0 0 John Blagrave, mi- nister and preacher, a man of good learn- ing and conversa- tion. Installed Aug. 26th, 1618. Cure served by him- selfe. The Bishop [?] [?] 8 The Treasurership to wch belongs the Vicarage oi Dromkeeu and ye Clohinkellies ol ffinnah, Killinasu- lah. 10 0 0 Nicholas Bright, a mi- nister and preacher, a man of good con- versation. Installed in Anno 1616 Cure not served, see ye cause alledged by ye incumbent pag. — , The Bishop [?]6 8 The Archdeaconry, to wch belongs the Vicarage of Clo- han, the Vicarage of Lorrho, and part of ye Rectory of Lorrho. 20 0 0 Patrick Hogan, a na- tive minister and canonist. Installed in Anno 1590 Cures served by Brian O'Moldhan, pag.( — ) numero ( — ) in this booke. The Bishop REIGN OF KIXG JAMES THE FIRST. 103 2 3 4 Proxies. Benefices. Yalue. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 1 0 0 Prebend, of Tom- greeny, to wch be- longs Rectory in- tire ofTomgreeny. Rectory intire of Killoolah. Part of ye Rectory of Kilballihon. £ s. d. 20 0 0 Barnard Lo. Bishop of Limerick. Installed in Anno 1610. Cures how served. Vide in suis locis. Pag. 7. Num. 22. Pag. 11. Num.54. The Bishop of Killaloe 0 14 4 Pre k 1 0 n ii i I o t of- bend, of Ennis- alty to wch be- Dngeth Rectory : ye Hand of En- iskalty. Rectory itire of alrush ...0 5 0 ind part [ ye Rec- ories. ,Killofin ... 2 5 Killoemuir. 1 0 Kilfiera ... 3 6 Killardah.. 0 6 Moeffarta.. 1 3 Kilballihon 0 8 14 4 40 0 0 Thomas Edens, a min- ister and preacher, sometimes student in Oxford : a man of good life and con- versation. Installed in Anno 1617 Cm-e of Kilrush served by himselfe. The rest are served by their severallVicars. Pag. — in this booke. The Bishop 0 3 4 Prebend, of Lockin, to wch belongeth the Rectory of Lockin. 8 0 0 Denis Grarforth, a mi- nister, one of good life and conversa- tion. Installed Oct. 31,1620. Cure served by ye Vicar. The Bishop 0 3 4 Prebend, of Tulloh, to wch belongeth the one halfe of ye Rectory of Tulloh. 16 0 0 Daniel Kennedy. Qui supra, pag. 2. Installedin Anno 1604. Cure served by ye Vicar. The Bishop 0 0 8 Prebend, of Disert, to wch belongeth some small por- tion of tithes in ye parish of Di- sert. 2 0 0 John Steere, student, sone to ye L Bp of Ardfert. Installed studendi gratia for 3 yeares, Jan. 12, 1620. Cure served by ye Vicar. The Bishop 104 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IX THE 6 7 Proxies. Benefices. Yalue. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 0 10 Prebend, of Clonda- gad, to wch he- longeth some small portion of tith in ye Parish of Clondagad. £ s. d. 10 0 Nicholas Booth min- ister and preacher. Installed Sept. 3, 1619. Cure served by ye Yicav. The Bishop 0 0 8 Prebend, of Path, to well belongeth some small por- tion of tithe in ye Parish of Path. 10 0 Richard Wilkins, Master of Arts, a knowne preacher of good life and learn- ing. Installed Jan. 10,1621. Cure served by ye Vicar. (t^ Thus farre of ye Deane, Chapter, and Prebends. Now followe the severall Deaneries in the Diocese whereby shall be gathered ye number of ye parishes in ye whole Diocese. I.— IN YE DEANERY OF OMOLLED. Proxies. Benefices. £ s. d.\ 0 3[?]4 Killaloe parish Rectory intire. Yalue. £ s. •20 0 0 Incumbents. Patrons. The deane and chapter Deane and who partly by some chapter to of themselves, whom it ii partly by some of Apppriate ye prebendaries, andj partly by others' have ye word of God there preached every Sabbath. [r?] Randoll Huxley, a native and a minis- ter brought up in ye Colledgeat Dub-j lin, one of good life and learning is cu-{ rate Resident there. i REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 105 2 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ 8. d. 0 18 0 18 Clonlea— Rectory- Vicarage £ s. d. 10 0 0 10 0 0 Richard ff uller, minis- ter, a man of good conversation. Inducted Anno 1617. George Zouch, minis- ter a man of good conversation. Inducted Anno 1617. Cm-e served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 5 0 0 5 0 Kilfinaghta — Rectory Vicarage 12 0 0 12 0 0 Richard ff uller, qui supra. Andrew Chaplaine a minister and zealous preacher : a man of good life and con- versation. Inducted in Anno 1614. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 .1 8 0 18 Kilteely— Rectory Vicarage 8 0 0 8 0 0 Richard ffuller, qui supra. William Donilan Master of Arts anc a minister : a native and a preacher : a man of good learn- ing and conversa- tion. Inducted Apr.l 6, 1622 Cure served by George Zouch, qui supra num. 2. 0 5 0 0 5 0 Kilurain — Rectory Vicarage 4 0 0 4 0 0 Rich, ffuller, qui supra William Donilan, qui supra. Cure served by George Zouch, qui supra. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop I 106 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE 6 7 8 9 10 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d 0 2 6 0 2 6 Killokenedy — Rectory Vicarage e s. d. 6 13 4 6 13 4 Rich. fEuUer, qui supra Marmaduke Tailour, a zealous preacher : a man of good learn- ing and conversa- tion. Inducted in Anno 1621. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 3 4 0 3 4 Kilnoa — Rectory Yicarage 6 13 4 6 13 4 Richard ffuller. Qui supra num. 2. John Corbett: minister one who reades to ye people in ye Irish Comuuion Booke . and is of good con- versation. Inducted in Anno 1614. Cure served by himselfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 2 6 0 2 6 ffeacle — Rectory Yicarage 10 0 0 10 0 0 Richard ffuller. Qui supra. Appropriate to ye Deaue and Chapter. John Corbett : minister serves ye cure there, being nearer unto him. Earle of Thomond. Deane and Chapter, to whom it is appropri- ate. vid. pag. 3. Tomgreeny — Rectory intire vid. pag. 3. The Lord Bishop of liimmericke. Qui supra, pag. 3. Cure served by Mar- maduke Tailour : Qui supra num. 6. The Bishop 01 Killaioe. 0 18 0 0 10 Moinoe — Rectory Vicarage 6 0 0 3 0 0 Deane and Chapter as appropriat. Vacat propter exilitat, Edward Philips. Qui infra num. 65. Served ye cure hitherto. Deane and Chapter. The Bishop REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 107 11 12 13 14 15 16 Proxies. Benefices. Yalue. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 0 18 0 0 10 Clourush — Rectory Yicarage £• s. d. 6 0 0 3 0 0 Deane and Chapter as appropriat. Yacat propter exilita- tem. Cure served by Trig McKnavin, a native and a minister. Deane and chapter. The Bishop 0 4 3 0 2 1 Inishgaltrah — Rectory Vicarage 2 0 0 10 0 Impropriat. Yacat propter exilita- tem. Cure not served, being an Island, and but one house. Earle of Corke. The Bishop 0 6 8 0 3 4 Ogonilla — Rectory Yicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Richard ffuller. Qui sup. no. 2. Marmaduke Tailour. Qui. supra nu. 6. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 13 4 0 6 8 Castleconnell, alias Stradbally, alias Capella de J'dum Rectory Yicarage 20 0 0 10 0 0 Impropriat. Nicholas Bright. Qui supra pag. 2. In- ducted March 18, 1621. Cure served by himselfe. Earle of Ormonde. Earle of Ormonde. 0 2 3 Oil Killinaganuff — Rectory Yicarage 20 0 0 10 0 0 Impropriat. Nicholas Bright, qui supra, pag 2. Inducted Mar.l8, 1621. Cui-e served by him- selfe. Earle of Ormonde. Idem. 0 2 3 Oil Kiltinanleh alias Dunassy — Rectory Yicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Impropriat Robert Clialoner minister, a man of good conversation. InductedJuly 4, 1621. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Ormond. The Bishop 108 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE II.— IN THE DEANERY OF O'GASSIN. Proxies. £ s. d 0 3 4 0 3 4 Benefices. Quin— Rectory Vicarage Value. Incumbents. 10 0 0 Lo : Bp. of Limericke j qui supi-a pag. 3. 10 0 0, John Jesop, a minister of honest conversa- tion. Inducted Jan 10, 1621. Cure served by him- self e. Patrons. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop of KiUaloe. 0 5 0 Clonee— Rectory 0 3 4 0 0 10[?] 0 3 4 10 0 0 Lo : Bp. of Limericke I qui supra nu 18 [!] 0 John Jesop, qui supra. Inducted Jan 10, 1621. Cm-e served by him- seKe. Tulloh- Rector Halfe Halfe Vicarage 16 0 0 Pag. 3 16 0 0 Earle of Thomond. The Bishop of Killaloe. Lo : Bp. of Limericke qui supra, pag 5. Daniel Kenedy, qui supra, pag. 2. William Hewet, a j lous preacher : man of good life and conversation. Inducted Anno 1618. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop The Bishop 0 2 6 0 2 Dury — Rectory Vicarage 10 0 0 10 0 0 20 Lo : Bp. of Limericke qui supra. George Andrewe, a Mr. of Arts of 23, yeares standing, a learned and zealous preacher of God's word, and one of singular good life and conversation. Inducted Apr.26, 1622. Cure served by Tho- mas Pritchard, qui infra, pag. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIKST. 109 21 22 23 24 25 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. 0 2 6 0 2 6 Kilraghtas — Eectory Yicarage £ s. d. 5 0 0 5 0 0 Lo : Bishop of Lim- mericke. Qui supra pag. 3. Richard Walker, minister and preacher : a man of good life. Inducted October 28, 1620. Cure served by himselfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 0 0 Kiltoolah — Eectory intire Pag. 3. Lo : Bishop of Lim- ericke. Holds it as part of ye Pre- bend of Tom- greeny, p. 3, n. 1. Cure not served. The Bishop of Kallaloe. 0 18 0 1 8 Templemaly— Rectory Vicarage 5 0 0 5 0 0 Lo : Bishop of Lim- ericke. Qui supra. Eichard Walker. Qui supra, num. 21. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 2 6 Kilmormagall — Eectory Vicarage 8 0 0 8 0 0 Lo : Bishop of Lim- ericke. Qui supra. Andrew Chaplain. Q. supra, pag. 4, num. 3. Inducted ut ubi. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 3 8 0 3 8 Inscronan — Eectory Vicarage 15 0 0 15 0 0 Lo * Bishop of Lim- ericke. Qui supra. Vacat. No cure served. Earle oi Thomond. Earle of Thomond. 110 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE III.— IN YE DEANERY OF TRADRY. 26 27 28 29 30 Proxies. Benefices. Yalue. Incumbents. Patrons. ij s. d. 0 2 10 Tomfinloli — Rectory Yicarage £ s. d 10 0 0 5 0 0 Yacat. George Zoiich. Qui supra, pag. 4, num 2. Inducted in Anno 1617. Cure served by himself e Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 3 4 Killinasoolah — Rectory Yicarage 12 0 0 6 0 0 Yacat. John Yorke, Mr. oi Arts, and preacher: a man of good learn- ing and conversa- tion. Inducted in Anno 1619. Cure served by John Cor- bett. Qui supra, pag. 5, num. 7. Earle of Thomond. 0 16 0 0 9 Kilmalleiy — Rectory Vicarage 6 0 0 8 0 0 Yacat. Cornelius Keiton, stu- dent, a native. Inducted in Anno 1 620. Cure lately served by Morgan Bennis, a minister newly dead. The Bishop ? 0 3 4 0 18 Kilcomy — Rectory Yicarage 8 0 0 4 0 0 Yacat. Cornelius Keiton, qui supra, num. 28. Inducted ut supra. Ciu"e served ut supra. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 0 0 10 0 0 10 Clonluhein — Rectory Yicarage 8 0 0 8 0 0 Yacat. John Yorke, qui supra, num. 27. Inducted ut ihi : Cure served ut ibi : Earle of Thomond. The Bishop REIGN OF KIXG JAMES THE FIRST. Ill 31 32 33 34 35 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 0 3 4 0 0 0 Dromline — Eectory Vicarage £ s. d. 20 0 0 Pag. 2. Api^ropr iat ad mensam IJpiscopi. Appropriate to ye Treasurer, viz. : Nicholas Bright, qui supra, pag. 2. No cure served for ye cause alleadged pag. The Bishop The Bishop 0 0 10 0 0 5 ffiimah — Eectory Vicarage 8 0 0 4 0 0 Vacat. Vacat. No Cure served. Earle of Thomond. Idem. 0 6 8 0 3 4 Bonralty — Eectory Vicarage 13 6 8 6 13 4 Vacat. Vacat. Cure served by John Jesop, qui supra, num. 17. And ser- mons often there preached by ye E Hoble ye Earle oi Thomond's chaplain Earle of Thomond. Idem. 0 6 8 0 3 4 Killuh — Eectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Impropriat. Impropriat ut dicitur No cure served. Lo : Baron of Insiquin Idem. 0 14 Inislidadroin — Eectory Vicarage Impropriat. Impropriat ut dicitm*. No cure served. Earle of Thomond. Idem. 112 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE IV.— IN YE DEANERY OF DROMCLIFFE. 36 37 38 39 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 0 5 6 Dromcliffe — Rectory Vic arage £ s. d. 30 0 0 15 0 0 Thomas Pritchard, a grave minister anc preacher; a man oi good life and con- versation. Inductee in anno 1617- Idem Thomas. In- ducted in Anno 1617 Cure served by him- selfe. The Bishop of Killaloe. Idem. 0 8 0 0 4 0 Kilmaly — Rectory Vicarage 8 0 0 4 0 0 Thomas Pritcliard, qui supra. Idem Thomas. Cure annexed to Drom- cliffe. Idem. Idem. 0 6 8 0 3 4 Killinaboy — Rectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Bartholomew White, a minister and native : a man of good life. Idem Bartholomew. Inducted 5th Octo- ber, 1613. Cure served by himselfe. Idem. Idem. 0 4 0 0 2 0 Pag. 3. Rath- Rectory Vicarage Prebeud 10 0 0 5 0 0 Pag. 3. Andi-eas Gillisaght, a minister and a na- tive, one that was educated in ye Col- ledge at Dublin and reades ye Irish ser- vice to ye people, and is of honest con- versation. Inducted October 28th, 1620. Idem Andreas, who serves the cure there. Richard Wilkins, pag. 3. Idem. Idem. Idem. KEIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 113 Proxies. Benefices. 42 £ s. d.\ |Discrt- 0 6 4 Rectory 0 3 0 Pa;r. 3. Vicarasre Prebend Kilnamona — Rectory intirc Value. •20 0 0 10 0 0 Pag. 3. Kilkeedy — 0 5 10 Rectory 0 2 10 Vicarase .John Tvveubrooke, a minister and preacher ; a man of good learning and conversation. In- ducted 28th Octo- ber, 1620. Andreas Gillisaght, qui supra, num. 39. Cure served by him selfe. John Steere, student qui supra, pag. 3. Patrons. Idem. Richard Walker, qu supra, num. 21. Cure served by him- selfe. 10 0 0 Vacat. 0 0 Daniel O'Meara, a native and minister. Inducted in Anno 1620. Cure served by him- selfe. Idem. Idem. The Bishop of Killaloe. Idem. Idem. v.— IN YE DEANERY OF CORKOVASKIK Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d £ s. d. Clondagad — 0 6 0 Rectory 10 0 0 Impropriat. L. Baron of Insiquin. 0 3 0 Vicarage 5 0 0 Nicholas Booth, qui The Bishop 43 supra, pag. 3 . Inducted 28 Mar. 1621. Cure served by him- selfe. Pag. 3. Prebend Pag. 3. Idem Nicolaus. Idem. I 114 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE 44 45 46 47 4^ Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents, Patrons. £ s. d. 0 4 5 0 2 3 Kilchrist — Eectory Yicarage £ s. d. L2 0 0 6 0 0 Impropriat. Vacat. No cure served. Earle of Thomond. Idem. 0 4 5 0 2 3 Killidysert als Di- sert morhuly — Rectory Vicarage 12 0 0 6 0 0 Imppriat. Vacat. Cure not served. Idem. Idem. Pag. 3. Kilrush — Rectory intire Pag. 3. Prsebendary de Innis- kalty, Tho. Edens, qui supra, pag. 3. Cure served by him- self e. The Bishop 0 4 6 0 2 8 Kilfeddain— Rectory Vicarage 12 0 0 6 0 0 Impropriat. Laurence Boyle, mi- nister, a good cate- chizer, and one of good conversation. Inducted 31 Oct., 1618. Cure served by him- selfe. Lo: Baron of Insiquin. The Bishop of Killaloe. Lo : Baron of Insiquin The Bishop Idem. 0 2 0 0 0 c 0 2 2 Killofin— Rector pars Rector pars Vicarage 6 0 0 Pag. 3. 4 0 0 Impropriat. Appropriat to ye Pre- bend of Iniskalty, qui supra, pag. 3. Lawrence Boyle, qui supra, num. 47. Inducted ut supra. Cure served ut supra. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 115 49 50 51 52 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 0 3 4 0 1 8 Kilmurry Clondc- rila— Rectory Vicarage £ s. d 16 6 0 8 0 0 Impropriat. Thomas Tunsteed, a Batchelour of Ai'ts, and a minister, a good Preacher, anc one of honest con- versation. Inducted Aug. 1, 1621. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop of Killaloe. 0 12 Pag. 3. 0 12 Killoemuir — Eectory pars. Rectory pars. Vicarage 5 0 0 Pag. 3. 5 0 0 Impropriat. Ajjpriat to ye Prebend of Inniskalty. Pag. 3. Thomas Tunsteed, qui supra, num. 49. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop Idem. 0 4 5 0 2 3 Kilmurry Ibric- kan — Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Impropriat. Vacat. The Cure not served. Earle of Thomond. Idem. 0 10 6 0 5 3 Kilmacdowan — Rectory pars maxima pars minima a cloginkelly yt paies no tithes [?] Vicarage 12 0 0 0 5 0 6 0 0 I 2 Impropriat. Appriat to ye Deane and Chapter. Murtogh 0 Considin, a native and a min- ister, one that reades the Irish service booke to ye people, and is of good life. Inducted in Ano. 1620. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. De. and Chapter. The Bishop of Killaloe. THE DIOCESK OF KII.LALOE, ETC., IN THE Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. 53 £ s. d. 0 16 Pag. 3. 0 2 6 Kilfierali— Eector pars. Rector pars. Yicarage £ s. d. 7 0 0 Pag. 3. 7 0 0 Impropriat. Appropriat to ye Pre- bend of Inniskalty. Pag. 3. Peter Ellis, a minister and Preacher, a man versation. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop Idem. 54 0 3 0 0 2 2 KUballihon — Eector pars, '^g "\^icaragG 5 0 0 Pag. 3. Pag. 3. 3 0 0 Impropriat. Apppriat to ye Pre- bend of Tomgreeny. Apppriat to ye Pre- bend of Inniskalty. Pag. 3. Dermott 0 Harney, minister and native. Inducted 1 Apr., 1622. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop Idem. 55 - 0 2 10 Pag. 3. 0 1 8 Kilardali — ■ f pars. Rector < ( pars. Vicarage 6 0 0 Pag. 3. 7 0 0 Impropriat. Appriat to ye Prebend of Inniskalty. Pag. 3. Edward Philips, minister and preach- er : a man of good life and conversa- tion. Inducted 9 Apr., 1621. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop 56 0 3 A 0,1 8 Kilfarboy— Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Vacat. Edward Philips, qui supra, num. 55. Inducted 9 Apr., 1621. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. BEIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 117 Proxies. Benefices. Vali;e. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. cl 57 0 2 1 Pag. 3. 0 18 Moeffartah— r liars Kectory < C pars Vicarage 12 0 0 Pag. 3. 8 0 C Improi^riat. Appropriat to ye Pre- bend of Euniskalty. Pag. 3. Peter Ellis, qui supra num. 63. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. The Bishop Idem. 58 0 2 7 0 1 5 0 2 0 Kilmihill— ( pars. Eectory < I pars. Vicarage 5 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 ( Impropriat. Impropriat. ilurtoh 0 Considin, qui supra, num. 52. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Thomond. Lo : Baron of Insiquin The Bishop VI.— IN YE DEANEEY OF ORMOND. Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. 59 £ s. d. 0 IG 8 0 8 4 Neuagli als Enagli — Kectory Vicarage £ s. d. 20 0 0 10 0 0 Impropriat to ye Abby of Oony. Richard Wilkins, qui supra, pag. 3. Inducted Jan. 10,1621. Cure not yet served, because ye incum- bent being disturbed by ye pretended im- propriator, is faine to waite in Dublin for redresse of his wrongs. Sr. Ed- mund Welch. The Bishop 118 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incnmbcnts. Patrons. 60 £ s. d. 0 10 0 0 5 Ct Lisbuny— Eectory Vicarage £ s. d. 12 0 0 6 0 0 Impropriat to ye Abby oi: Oony. Richard Wilkins, qui supra, pag. 3. InductedJan.10,1621. Cure not served for ye cause named above. Num. 69. Sr. Ed- mund Welsh. The Bishop - 61 Pag.2 Kilkeery — Rectory intire Pag. 2. Hugb Hogan, to whom it is appropriat. Pag. 2. Cure served by Wil- liam Kenedy, a mi- nister and a native. Pag. 2. 62 s. d. 10 0 Pag. 2. Ballinaclohy — Eectory Vicarage £ s. d 10 0 0 Pag. 2. Impropriat to ye Abby of Clonold. Appriat to ye Deanery. Pag. 2. Cure served by Wm. Kenedy, qui supra num. 61. Uncer- taine. Pag. 2. 63 10 0 5 0 Killandnff— Eectory Vicarage 20 0 0 10 0 0 Imppriat to ye Abby of Tion als St. John de la ISr[?]enagh. Held also as impro- priat. No cure served. Oliver Grace. Idem. 64 7 8 8 10 Dalla — Eectory Vicarage 13 6 8 6 13 4 Appropriat ad men- sam Episcopi Lao- nensis. Held as imppriat to the abbie of Killoin. No cure served. The Bishop. Lo : Baron of Insiquin. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 119 65 6G 67 68 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. s. d. 6 8 3 4 Kilmore — Rectory- Vicarage £ s. d. 10 0 0 5 0 0 Appropriat to ye Deane and Chapter for ye fabricke of ye Quire of ye Cathe- drall Church. Held as impropriat. Cure served by Robert Coxa, qui infra, num. 79. The Bishop. Earle of Ormond. 1 8 1 8 1 8 Dunamona — • Rectory intire Pars, la Pars. 2a Pars. 3a 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 Impropriat. Impropriat to ye Ab- bie of Oony. Appropriate to ye Deane and Chapter, and ye Cure served by Robt. Coxe, qui infra, num. 79, at ye charges and direc- tion of ye Deane and Chapter. Earle of Ormond. Sir Ed- mund Welch. Deane and Chapter. 3 4 1 8 Burges-boga — Rectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Impropriat to ye Abby of Oony. John Hogan, a mi- nister and a native. Inducted in Anno 1616. Cure served by himselfe. Sir Ed- mund Welch. The Bishop. 4 4 Pag. 2 2 2 Yoghall-arra — ( pars. 1 Rector -{ l^pars. Vicarage 6 0 0 Pag. 2. 6 0 0 Approppriat to ye Rectory of Moisea. Num. 71. Appropriat ad Deca- natum. Neptune Blood, stu- dent in ye Colledge at Dublin : dis- pensed wth pro quinqueiiio, April 13th, 1622. A good scholar, and reades ye Irish tongue. In- ducted June 10th, 1622. Cure not yet served by reason of his late induction. The Bishop. Pag. 2. The Bishop. 120 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE 69 70 71 72 73 71 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. ij s. d 0 4 5 2 3 Castlctownc-arra — Kectoiy Vicarage £• s. d 14 0 0 7 0 0 Dauiel Kennedy, qui sujjra. Pag. 2. Idem. Dauiel. In- ducted. Cure served by him- selfe. The Bishop. Idem. Pag. 2 Dromincere — Rectory intii'C Pag. 2 Apppriat to ye Dea- nery. Pag. 2. Cure seiTcd by ye Deane himself. Pag. 2. 0 6 8 0 3 4 Moisca— Eectory Yicarage 4 0 0 10 0 0 John Eeynolds, stu- dent, dispensed wth for 4 yeares. Inducted Jan. 24, 1619. Eichard Hogan, Mas- ter of Arts of ye Colledge of Dublin : a native, a minister and preacher of good learning and conversation. Inducted Dec. 26, 1615. Cure served by him- sclfe. The Bishop. The Bishop. 0 16 8 0 8 4 Kncah— Eectory Yicarage 10 0 c 5 0 0 Impropriat to ye Abby of Oony Eichard Hogan, qui supra, num. 71. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. Sir Edmd. Welch. The Bishop. 0 5 0 0 2 6 Killodierna — Eectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Impropriat. Held as impropriat. No cure served. 01. Gra^e. Idem. 0 8 4 4 2 Clohapriora — Eectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Impropriat. Held as impropriat. No cure served. Idem. Idem. KF.TGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 121 75 76 77 7b 79 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 16 8 8 4 Kilbarrain — Ecctory Vicarage £ s. d. 20 0 0 10 0 0 Impropriat to ye Abby of Any. Eichard Bm-k, native, and preacher gra- duat of ye Colledge of Dnljliu, a man of good life. Inducted 1 Jun. 1617. Cui-e served by ye Deane. Earle of Corke. The Bishop. 5 0 2 6 Ardcrony — Kectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Appropriat ad mensam Episcopi. Patricke Hogan, q. supra. Pag. 2. Inducted. Cure served by Tho. Garforth, minister qui infra, num. 90. The Bishop. 16 8 8 4 Modrinitli — Kectory Vicarage 21. 0 0 12 0 0 Piers Butler, a minis- ter and a native. Inducted in Ano. 1609. William Capell, a grave minister and a prea- cher : a man of good life and conversa- tion. Inducted in Ano. 1609. Cure served by him- selfe. The Bishop, The Bishop. 13 4 6 8 Kilruan — Ecctory Vicarage 12 0 0 6 0 0 Impropriat. Held as impropriat. No cure served. 01. Grace. Idem, 5 0 2 0 Balligibbon — Eectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Eobert Cox, a minister, a man of good Hfe and conversation. Inducted in Ano. 1620 Cure served by him- selfe, wthout allow- ance of ye Vicar. Held as impropriat. The Bishop 01. Grace. 122 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE 83 84 85 86 Proxies. Benefices. Vah:e. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 10 0 Pag. 2. Ballimackey — Rectory Vicarage £ s. d. 24 0 0 Pag. 2. Impropriat. Appropriat to ye Chan- cellorship. Pag. 2. Num. 3. Cure served by ye saic Chauncellor. Idem. The Bishop Pag. 2. Thorn [Thom ?]— Eectory iutire Pag. 2. Appropriat toyeChaun- cellorship. Pag. 2. Cure served by ye saic Chauncellor. Idem. 10 0 5 0 Ahanameala — Eectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Impppriat to ye Abby of Thorn [m ?]. Held as impropriat. No Cure served. Brian Mc Grath. Idem. 4 8 2 4 Bures-na-fierna — Eectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 Impropriat. Held as imppriat. No Cure served. 01. Grace. 5 0 2 6 Kilderydagrom — Eectory Vicarage 8 0 0 4 0 0 Imppriat. Held as imppriat. No Cure served. Brian 0 Grath. Idem. 5 0 2 6 Templederi-y — Eectory Vicai-age 10 0 0 5 0 0 Imppriat. Held as imppriat. No Cure served. 01. Grace. Idem. 10 0 Pag. 2. Lateragh — Eectory Vicarage 6 0 0 3 0 0 John Andrewe : stu- dent, dispensed wth for 5 yeares. Inducted May 1, 1621. Apppriat to ye Chaun- lourship. Pag. 2. Cure served by ye Chauntor. The Bishop Idem. EEIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 123 87 88 89 90 91 Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d. 5 0 2 6 finnoli — Rectory Vicarage £ s. d. 20 0 0 10 0 0 Piers Butler, qui supra, num. 77. Idem. Cure not served. Idem. 10 0 Pag. 2. Tirraglasse— Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 Pag. 2. Apppriat to ye Rectory of ffinnoh. Num. 87. Apppriat to ye Dea- nery. Pag. 2. Cure served by ye Deane. Idem. Pag. 2. 0 0 5 0 5 C 0 0 Lorrha — f pars 1 Rectory j 2 1 I 3 Vicarage Pag. 2. 5 0 0 5 0 0 Pag. 2. Apppriat to ye Arch- deaconry. Pag. 2. Apppriat to ye Rectory offRnoh.sup. Num.87. Apppriat tn ye Rectoi-y of Durro, inf. Num. 91. Apppriat to ye Arch- deaconry. Pag. 2. Cure served by Brian 0 'Molahna, qui infra. Num. 106. The Bishop Idem. Idem. Idem. 3 4 1 8 3 4 1 8 Bonohom — Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Patricke Hogan, qui supra, pag. 2. Thomas Garthforth, a minister and one of honest conversation. Inducted Sept. 22, 1620. Cure served by him- selfe. The Bishop Idem.] Durroh — Rectory Vicarage 20 0 0 10 0 0 Patricke Hogan, qui supra, pag. 2. Thomas Garforth, q. sup., nu. 90. Inducted Sept 22 1620. Cure served by him- selfe. Idem. Idem. 124 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IX THE 92 93 Proxies Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d Pag. 3. 1 6 Lockeiu — Kectory Vicarage £ s. d Pag. 3. 6 0 C Est Prcbcnda dc Lockin. Pag. 3. Dyonise Garforth qui supra, pag. 3. Inducted Oct. 1, 1618 Cure served by him- selfe. Idem. Idem. 3 4 1 8 Ballingarry als Gar- raga — Rectory Vicarage 20 0 0 10 0 0 Impropriat. Patricke Hogan, q. sup. pag. 2. Inducted in Ano. 1604. Cure served by Tho Garforth. Qui supra, num. 90. Earle of Corke. The Bishop 94 95 96 1 8 1 8 Pag. 2. Cloliaii als Aglis- clohain — f 1 Rector jDars. < I 2 Vicarage 6 0 0 6 0 0 Pag. 2. Apppriat to ye Rectory of ffinnoh, sup. num. 87. Apppriat to ye Rectory of Durroh, sup. num. 91. Apppriat to ye Arch- deaconry. Pag. 2. Cure sei-ved by Brian Molahna, qui infra, num. 106. Idem. Idem. Idem. 6 8 3 4 Usgrean — Rectory Vicarage 12 0 0 6 0 0 Imppriat to ye Com- andry of Any. Denis Garforth, qui sup. p. 3. Inducted Oct. 1, 1618. Cure served by him- selfe. Earle of Jorke. The Bishop 6 8 8 4 Buriskcen— Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 [mppriat to ye Abby of Oony. William Capcll, qui sup. num. 77. [ndueted. Cure served by him- selfe. Sr. Ed- Welch. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. VII.— IN YE DEANERY OP ELY AND IGERIM. 125 99 Proxies. £ s. d. 13 4 6 8 6 3 4 3 4 1 8 Benefices. Roscrea — Rectory Vicarage Castletowne Ely- Rectory Vicarage Ramavtog — Rectory Vicarage ffiinglasse- Rectory intire Value. £ s. d. Incumbents. Held as imppriat to ye Abby of Tion. Joseph Clement, minister, and good catechizer, and one of good life and con- versation. Inducted ffeb. 25, 1621 Cui'e served by him selfe. 12 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 Impropriat. Cornelius O'Sherin, a native and minister one of good life and learning : and one that reades ye Irish service perfectly. In ducted ffeb. 4th 1613. Cm'e served by him selfe. Impropriat. Cornelius O'Sherin q. sup. num. 98. Cure served by him- selfe. Cornelius O'Sherin, q, sup. num 98. Cure served by him- selfe. Patrons. 01. Grace. 01. Grace. The Bishop of Killaloe. 01. Grace. The Bishop. The Bishop. 126 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Proxies. Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. 101 £ s. d. 5 6 2 10 Burrin — Rectory Vicarage £ s. d. 14 0 0 7 0 0 Imppriat. Brian O'Brian, native and student, a good scholar, and one that reades ye Irish per- fectly. Inducted 10th June, 1622. Cure served by Joseph Clement, qui sup. num. 97, being ye next parish adjoyn- ing. Earle of Ormond. The Bishop. 102 6 8 3 4 Dunkerin — Eectory Vicarage 20 0 0 10 0 c Imppriat. Cornelius 0 Sherm, q. sup. num. 98. In- ducted 4 £Eeb. 1613. Cured served by him- self e. 01. Gi-ace. The Bishop. 103 3 4 1 8 Tempi eharry — Rectory Vicarage 30 0 C 60 0 0 Imppriat. Cornelius O'Sherin, q. s. num. 98. Cure served by him- seKe. 01 Grace. The Bishop. 101 105 3 4 1 8 Shinroan — Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Imppriat. Marmadukc Clapham, a preacher, a man of good life and con- versation. Inducted 9th Oct. 1619. Cure served by him- self e. 01. Grace. The Bishop. 5 6 2 10 Kilmurry — Rectory Vicarage. 8 0 0 4 0 0 MaremadukeClapham, q. s. num. 104. Teige G'Donilan, na- tive and student. Inducted in Ano 1614. Cure served by ye Parson. The Bishop. Idem. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIKST. 127 106 Proxies. 5 6 2 10 Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons, Birrha — Eectory Vicarage £ s. cl. 20 0 0 10 0 0 Henry Sutton, Mr. of Arts, a worthy learned preacher, and one of good life and conversation. Inducted 25th Sept. 1618. Brian O'Molahna, mi- nister and native, reades not only ye English but ye Irish service perfectly. Inducted , 1621. Cure served by him- self e. The Bishop, Idem, 107 1 8 0 10 Kilcolman — Eectory Vicarage 8 0 0 4 0 0 Apppriat to ye Rector of Birrha, q. sup num. 106. Held as imppriate. Cure served by Brian O'Molahna, q. s. n. 106. The Bishop. ■j. Dillon, Bar. of Kilkenny. 108 3 4 1 8 Ahankon — Eectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 Impropriat to ye Abby of Thom. Held as impropriat to ye monastery of In- shinameoh in Ige- rim. No cure served. Brian O'Grath, Lo : Dillon. 109 2 2 1 2 Etagh— Eectory Vicarage 20 0 0 10 0 0 Impropriat. Joseph Clement, qui sup. num. 91. Inducted 25ffeb. 1621. Cure served by him- selfo. 01. Grace. The Bishop. 110 2 10 1 5 Roscomrowe — Eectory Vicarage 14 0 0 7 0 0 Impropriat. William Wevill, a good preacher and a man of good life and con- versation. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. 01. Grace. The Bishop. 128 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC, IN TH! Ill Proxies Benefices. Value. Incumbents. Patrons. £ s. d 5 C Clonfert-mulloh als Kilnaeorbe — Rectory intire £ s. d 16 0 ( ) Samuell Home, a min ister and preacbei and a man of gooc conversation. Inducted Jan. 10, 1621 Cure served by him selfe. -The 112 1 8 1 8 1 8 Kinnity — Eectory pars | ] Vicarage 8 0 C 3 0 0 5 0 0 Impropriat. Wm. Wevill, qui sup num. 110. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. Lo : Dillon. The -Disnop. The Bishop. 113 1 8 1 8 1 8 Litterlana — Bcctory pars | g Vicarage 8 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 0 Impropriat. Wm. "W^evill, qui supra num. 110. Idem. Inducted. Cure served by him- selfe. Lo : Dillon. The Bishop. Idem. 114 1 8 Kilcummin — Bcctoiy iutire 6 0 0 Marmaduke Clapham, q. s. num. 104. Inducted 9 Oct. 1619. Cure served by him- selfe. The Bishop. 115 lie 8 0 4 0 Quillanoan — Rectory Vicarage 16 0 0 8 0 0 impropriat. Jeld as impropriat. '^0 cure served. 01. Grace. Idem. 0 0 0 0 2!orbally — Rectory Vicarage 10 0 0 5 0 0 ] [mpropriat to ye mo- meoh als Insula Viventium. leld as impropriat also to ye same. !io cure served. jO : Dillon. ^0 : Dillon. This third Article being (I trust) fully answered, now follow the rest of yc Articles with theyr sevcrall answers annexed. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 129 'he fourth What livinge and meanes ye Incumbents and curats have, &c. ? rticle. I answer flSrst, for ye Incumbents, theyr means are set downe in ye severall value of every mans livinge in ye answer to ye thii-d article above, throughout ye whole. Secondly, for ye curats of ye Benefices Presentative, Collative, and Appropriate, they have sufficient allowance to theyr content. But for ye impropriatours, eyther they have no curats at all, or els they allowe them nothing but what they get for burying, marying, and christening. Of what quality and condition ye Incumbents, ministers, and curats are in learning, life, and conversation ? I answer That this is satisfied in my answer to ye third Article throughout, where mention is made of every particular Incumbent in my Dioces, and of what quality and condition they are. What graunts have bene made from ye crowne of appropriations or church-livings to any person for maintenance or provision of able ministers, &c. ? I answer That I knowe none at all in my Diocesse : saving that in ye yeare 1606 his Majesty by his letters Patents gave unto Piers Butler, a native and a minister, ye Rectory of Modrenith, Rectory of ffinnoh (under wch he carries away ye Rectory of TLrraglasse) and vicarage of ffinnoh wth other livings, ye better to incourage him in his ministery to take paines to instruct ye people in theyr language, he being theyi* countrey man : but he taketh no pains nor care at all, neyther doth live wthin ye Diocesse. What churches are fit to be re-edified, or built de novo : and ye places where, and how, &c., and how ye cures may be served ? I answer I knowe not of any place, where there is need of a church to be built de novo : but of many places, where ye churches are fit to be re-edified : and concerning that point thus I certifie : ffirst, concerning ye cathedrall church of KiUaloe, called Ecclesia Sti . fflanani Laonensis : the quire of it is in very good repaire, and adorned wth a new pulpit, and wth many new, faire, and convenient seates : and ye roofe well timbred and slatted.and ye church well glassed : and this partly upon ye prfits of ye Rectory of Kilmore appointed for that purpose, as appeares in ye answer to ye third Article Pag. 13 num. 65. But for ye 130 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE body of ye said church, it belonges to ye parishioners to build, who have brought all theyr materialls in place, erected theyr scaffolds, and I hope this summer it will be finished. Secondly, there is another faire and large church in my Diocesse, called ye church of Ennis, wch is not pperly a Paroch Church : yet because ye said Ennis is ye shire towne for that county (being in ye county of Clare) yrfore it was thought fit by ye Regall Visitours in Ano. 1615 to build that church, and to cause ye parishioners of ye next adjoyniug parishes, viz., of Dury, Dromcliffe, and Ealmaly to resort thither to divine service, as to theyr parish church. This church is fau'ely built and adorned by ye R. Hoble ye Earle of Thomond. Thirdly, for ye rest of ye chui'ches in ye county of Clare, they are for ye most part built by ye helpe of ye fines of ye Recusants, wch fines have been that way imployed for these two yeares last past by ye advise of ye said Earle of Thomonde. ffourthly : ye churches in ye King's County and County of Tiperary wthin my Diocesse are few of them built. Indeed they have pmised me (upon suchlegall coiirses as I held wth them) to build theyr churches long before this time, bat as yet they have not performed ye worke : So yt I must upon my returne proceed to excomunication, if no other meanes can be used, wherein according to my duty I will not be wanting- Lastly, concerning ye last part of ye Ai-ticle, how ye cures may be served: I thinke it good in my judgement, yt some part of ye Recu- sant's fines in every parish may be given at every assizes or sessions to such curats or ministers as are certainly knowne to reade divine service in ye Irish tongue unto ye parishioners, yt others by theyr example may be encouraged to practise ye reading of ye Irish language, for ye gaining of many of ye natives, who hitherto will not heare us. The eighth What parishes are fit to be united in ye said Diocesse ? Article. I answer This had need to be considered of, as well by visitation in ye places as by a diligent and particular conference wth my whole clergy : wch conference I could not have in regard of theyr distance from me at this time, and my necessary abode here in Dublin these 2 Termcs about ye recovery of 21 plough lands unto ye see of Killaloe, as unto yrselves is knowne. And yi-fore I desu-e to be respited yi-in from further answer for a time. In ye meantime I move 2 things concerning this point : — fiBrst yt order may be taken yt two Rectories or Vicarages either Pre- sentative or Collative, or three where they are poore and adjoyning may be really united : and yt then that church of those 2 or 3 may for ever be held for ye Parish Church, as ye Bishop shall knowe to be most con- venient. Secondly yt wheresoever in any one parish there shall be found a REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 131 Eectory and a Vicarage both eyther Presentative or Collative, there may of that Eectory and Vicarage be made a real union, yt ye Incumbent may there reside ye better for God's glory and ye good of ye Parishioners. th What and how many alienations, charges and incumbrances have bene made, permitted and suffered of any Ecclesiasticall lands tenements, rents or hereditaments wthin yi- Dioces : and by and to whom ye same have bene made, pmitted and suffered, and at what time or times : and what ye said tenements or hereditaments so aliened be of. My answer hereunto shall be shewed by setting down these " foure " tilings in order done by former Bishops. fSrst, there are five advowsons alienated from ye Bishopricke, viz. of ye f Eectory of Modrinith Rectory of Durroh Rectory of fiinuoh I Rectory of Castletowne-Arra t Rectory of Moisea These being of ye Patronage of ye Bishop of Killaloe and his suc- cessors, yet were fraudulently surrendered, as I am informed, by ye then Bishoii Maui-ish als Moriarto 6 Brian, into ye hands of ye Kings Matic that now is, about ye yeare of Or L. God 1610. Wch Bishop did (as is said) take backe from his Matie ye advowsons of ye said Rectories by letters Patents to ye use of himselfe and his heires for ever : and so ye Church is for ever disinherited of those advowsons, if it be not relieved by his Maties transcendent authority. Secondly, my Predecessour Mauritius 6 Brian hath by consent of ye then incumbents made certaine leases of divers Parsonages, Vicarages, and Prebends wthin ye Dioces whereby ye service of God and good of ye people is much hindered : seeuig yt ye meanes is taken away from those clergy-men who should teach and instruct ye peojjle : the leases are thus set downe as followeth, viz. : — Benefices leased In wt yeare for how long for wt rent the now value The Rectory of Gas- \ tletowne Arrah and ) The Prebend of Tulloh J Eectory of Durroh and Vicarage of Ardcrony Vicarage of Castle- ' connell and Vicarage of Killinagaraff The Rectory of Moisea 1610 1610 1610 1607 21 yeares 21 yeares 21 yeares 41 yeares as I hcare £ s. d. 3 15 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 £ 30 sterling 40 St. 26 13 4 40 St. 2 132 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE I confesse indeed yt in this kind I myselfe have comitted an errour : but when ye case shal be weighed, and all circumstances discussed, I hope it shall appeare yt either my action was justifiable, or my errour very pardonable. The case is this : There is ye Rectory of Birrha in my Diocese (mentioned in this booke, pag. 17, num. 106). This Rectory Sr. John Mackohlan did usurpe upon, and under ye coloure of his pretended patronage got ye pfits into his owne hands and gave ye last incumbent, Walter ffitzimons, little or nothing, as ye said Walter hath told to some of my ofiicialls. Now at ye death of ye sd Walter I pjected to prevent all such danger to come by reducing ye patronage into ye Bishops hand againe : Just at this time did ye late Lo : Deputy Viscount Grandison by his letters, wch I have to shew, comend to me his chaplaine, Mr. Henry Sutton, a Mr. of Arts, a learned Preacher, to bestowe upon him a Prebend (of my church) wch was then thought to be voide, but indeed was not. Whereupon I most willingly tooke ye occasion to collate him to ye sd Rectory of Birrha ; wch being done. Sr. John McCoghlan began to contest, but Mr. Sutton offered me, yt if I would make his assignee a lease of that Rectory for 21 years at ye rent of 5Z. sterl. p anum, he would at his owne charge maintaine ye patronage of ye Bishop of KiUaloe in that Rectory ; whereunto for ye more secure gaining it backe to ye church for ever, I yielded, and so he carieth it unto this day. In ye circumstances of wch business (there being wth all three yeai'es at least already spent, and a sufficient vicarage left endowed), I hope your Hoble Wisedomes wiU cleare me of any imputation that may be laid against me in that behalfe. Feb. 12, Thirdly, certaine Rectories apppriat ad mensam Episcopi are leased 1611. away by ye last Bishop, or wthheld by others, viz. : — Rectory of Dola leased to Daniell O'Brian, gent, for 21 yeares, in Ano 1611 (Feb. 12), for fifteene shillings p. anum, and it is worth yearely 20 markes st. Rectory of Shamberloe in ye Parish of Quin, leased in Ano. 1587 for three score and one yeares to Daniel Mac-ne maiTa of Dingane-wiggen in ye county of Clare, gent, for 18d. pence p anum : it is worth yearely ten pounds sterl. Rectory of Dromleen, in ye county of Clare, detained from me by ye Earle of Thomond, Lo : President of Mounster : it is worth p afium twenty pounds sterl. Fourthly, ye temporall lands anciently belonging to ye Bishopricke are now made away in lease or fee farme by ye former Bishops, or at least wth held from me by others. Now ye names of ye detainers together wth ye names, quantity, rent and value of ye said lands wth other circumstances are fully described in this and ye next pages : — EEIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 133 Names of ye Lands. Quantities by plough lands Old Rent. New Rent. Yearly Value. Deteynors. Whole. Halfe. Other parts. £ s. d. £ s. d . Carrickgoholgy, conteyning — Eeinmacderig 0 halfe 0 6 8 5 0 0 Sr. Daniel 0 Brian Rohanash 1 0 0 13 4 10 Q Idem. Clonkimnin ^ or Clonkar- > 1 0 1 0 0 10 0 0 Idem. rain ) Kilcarradain 1 0 0 1 0 0 10 0 0 Idem. KUbehah 0 halfe 1 6 g 5 Q Q Earle of Thomond. Kilclohir 1 halfe 2 0 0 15 0 0 Idem. Callabeg als J Athnegallals f Almontrin- i 2 0 2 13 4 20 0 0 Sr. Daniel 0 Brian. ollohan J Kilcrony 1 0 1 6 g 10 0 0 Earle of Thomond. Lissin and ■) fEurrahmore j 2 0 2 0 0 20 0 0 iuem. Downahah 2 0 2 0 0 20 0 0 Sr. Dan, Brian. Quirinkully 4 0 7 13 4 40 0 0 Earle of Thomond. KUlinagallah 0 halfe 0 13 4 5 0 0 [dem. Bealantalin als ") Termontenan > 3 0 I 0 0 30 0 0 [dem. Gralrista ) Kilfierah 1 0 0 1 6 8 10 0 0 [dem. I Doroghc Ballionan 1 0 0 1 10 0 10 0 0 ) Clansha. S Dermot c ' Cahan. Kilcashim 0 0 Kareomer 0 6 8 2 10 0 [dem. Kilquih or 0 halfe and Karromer 1 10 0 7 10 0 Dwny c Kilkey Swiuy. Listin 1 0 0 0 13 4 10 0 0 3win c IJahan. Kilrush 4 0 2 13 4 40 0 0 Earle of Thomonde. Ballinoad 4 0 2 13 4 40 0 0 Earle oE Thomond. Karranalongfort Two-thirds of a quarter. 0 13 4 6 13 4 [dem. cQlcarrowl 0 halfe 0 13 4 5 0 0 [dem. inockeri- \ heer, als 1 Knock eri- I Two-thii'ds of a quarter. 0 13 4 6 13 4 Donel 0 hash / Gorman. Gaockerihaig Two-thirds o f a quarter. 0 13 ■i 6 13 4 Earle of iadda-more ") Tliomond. als > 1 0 1 6 8 10 0 0 Donel c Moyfadda j Gorman. Dermob c Gorman. 134 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Names of the Lands. Quantity by plough lands. Old Eent. The now Eent. Yearely Value. Detciners, Whole Halfe. Other parts. £ s. d £ s. d. £ s. d Madaa-beg | Moquot and > 1 0 Q 13 4 10 0 Q Sr Daniel Moony ) 0 Brian. Ballikett Two-thhds of a quarter. 3 13 4 6 13 4 Earle of Thomond. Kilkevan A sixth part of a quarter. Q 13 13 4 Idem. Ganyx 4 0 1 0 0 40 0 0 Idem. Kilmacdowan 1 0 Q Q 1 A Q Q Idem. Kilteelin, als . Termonafee- / rah, als > Termoua- \ 1 3 0 0 Q Q 30 Q Q Idem. priora ^ Moyasta 0 halfe Q 13 4 5 Q Idem. Kilderma 0 halfe 5 0 0 •John c Karronbeg ) Karrowdoly j 1 0 and a third I 5 8 13 Q 8 Donell. Earle of Thomond. Downagowg Two-thirds of a quarter. 0 13 4 6 13 4 Idem. Molaha Two-thirds of a quarter. 0 13 4 6 13 4 Idem. Carownamall als The Places 1 0 Q 13 4 10 0 0 Idem. The Balles als Tirvarna Killiny als. ) Kilfinny \ conteyning— Knock 0 13 4 Donogh c 0 halfe r 0 0 Swiny. Lecarrobane 0 halfe Q Q Idem. Cassernah 0 0 Karromei 2 10 ( Idem. dim. Cassernah 0 0 KaiTomei 2 10 0 Edmund c dim. Swiny. Kilmore 0 halfe 5 0 0 Idem. Karronenusky^ 0 halfe Idem. Ashlitmackno- 2 10 0 hor 5 0 0 conteyning— 0 13 4 10 0 0 Turle Roe Killofin 0 halfe 0 13 4 5 0 c c Mahoone. Knockakottin 0 halfe 0 13 4 5 0 0 Idem. Balliariny 0 halfe 5 0 0 Murroh Slendoolyand ' Knockcoe 0 halfe 5 0 0 Merigy. Mun-oh Moyle. Moindda 0 halfe 0 13 4 5 0 0 Cnohor c Killidisert als "j Shane. Discrtmor- , 0 halfe 0 13 4 2 0 0 5 0 0 huly ) REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 135 Kamcs of the Lands. Quantity by plough lands Liskonnack Inishkarker Inishmore Barrain and Fillcemuir Quirmdonellroe TuUakreen Tvdlacurraboy Ballinagreenan Bunnell et Cahii' Strassko Ballioegan Kilkeran Balliraackolinan Ballinamulkier Cuillisnahog Kilfennan Knockery Kilmoony inBur- Converbiatus de Disert Killein or KU loin DromclifEe Kilnamona Rathblanage Kilkeedy Ahadrumkilly Kilfinan Kilcui-say Whole. Halfe. Other parts 0 halfe halfe 0 0 0 0 halfe andKarromer 0 1 and a third of a quarter. Old Kent. £ s. d. 0 13 4 0 13 4 2 0 0 1 13 4 0 13 4 0 13 4 0 13 4 0 13 4 3 3 4 2 13 4 5 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 13 0 13 13 0 0 13 0 13 4 The now Eent, s. d. 0 0 Yearly Value. £ s. d. 5 0 0 5 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 OTrige McMa- 20 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 10 0 20 0 0 50 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 120 0 0 40 0 136 THE DIOCESE OF KILLAI.OE, ETC., IN THE Quantity by plough lands, Whole. Halfe. Other parts 5 and ye towne. Killokenedy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 halfe. 0 0 0 0 Old Rent. The now Rent, £ s. d. •2 13 4 5 0 040 1 6 8 2 13 4 0 16 0 6 0 16 8 0 6 8 0 13 1 6 0 13 0 6 2 13 4 0 2 13 1 0 1 0 0 0 13 4 0 13 4 0 16 8 0 13 4 Yearly Value. 8. d 0 0 Deteiners. 30 0 0 Heires or executors of Bp. Nei- land,Bp. of Kildare. Earle of Thomond. 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 40 0 0 Executors of Bp. Ney- land. Earle of Thomondl 0 010 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 010 0 0 10 0 0 010 0 20 0 010 0 5 0 20 0 120 0 Earle of Thomond. Sr. John c Nemarra. Daniel c Nemarra. Earle of Thomond. 10 0 0 Richard oge Bark and Conor o fflanura. 10 0 0 Earle of Clanrick- arde. 10 0 0 Sr. John c Nemarra. 13 Earle of Thomond and Don- nell o Rud- dun. OLuke Bra- dy and Donoh c Shane Moyle. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 137 Names of the Lands. Quantity by plough lands. Old Rent. Dhe now Rent. Yearly Value. Deteiners. Whole. Halfe. Other parts. fi s. d. £ d. £ s. d. KiUaloe 5 0 Glanamunter- 1 4 0- 20 0 0 Earle of malone Thomond. Finleh | 1 0 5 0 0 Lio : Baron of Insiquin. Ballinreety ) 1 0 5 0 0 Earle of orBallidufEy J 3 6 8 Thomond under a cheifery [?] Craiglegli 1 0 5 0 0 St. John c Nemarra. Balliteig 1 0 5 0 0 Clonfadda 2 0 10 0 0 Earle of Thomond. Lickinbana 3 0^ 15 0 0 Idem. Ballikillidagh 1 0 5 0 0 Idem. Gortmagy 1 0 5 0 0 Idem. Lackintoreand ) 1 0 0 Idem. Balligerin \ Killistrer 0 5 Q Q Lo : Baron of Insiquixi. Ballikorney 1 0 5 Q 0 Idem. Ballikogaron 1 0 0 6 8 Q Q Earle of Thomond. Garranboy 1 0 5 Q Q John c Loghlin. Tomgreeny 1 0 t 0 A u Q SharifE 1 0 Kalla ala ) 2 0 Knockekalla j Balliranan 1 0 Ballyguin 0 halfe BallimuUin 1 and halfe Rahiny 1 0 Tullohary 1 0 Ballivenog 2 0 ffossa-beg 1 0 ffossa-more 1 0 Kappah-roe 1 0 Agherim 2 0 Moony 1 0 Clonosker 1 0 Kappab-coman 1 0 Gullagory 2 0 Kihnoe in ye"^ Barony of In- > 1 0 6 0 0 one of ye siquin J Brians. Dromineer 2 0 5 0 ( 20 0 0 John Cant- well. ^Patricke Hogan. Ardcrony 3 0 4 0 ( ) 30 0 0 1 Daniell Hogan. Thomas ^Hogan. 138 THE DIOCESE OF KILIALOE, ETC., IN THE Quantity by plough lands Whole. Halfe. Other parts 7 0 0 0 paiTomer 0 halfe Old Eent. a s. d. 8 0 0 1 13 4 1 6 0 10 1 6 2 13 4 2 13 4 The now Eent, Yearly Value. £ s. d. 70 0 0 10 0 0 20 0 0 2 10 0 5 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 Deteiners. John Mor- and othei-s. The Kene- dies and others. John o Ke- nedy of Lackin. Conor oge o Dean. Teige o Carroll of Quilla- noam. Wm. Dui- gan and others, lidem. Roscrea Castle and mannour is wthheldby ye Earle of Ormond, and Castle Lions is wthheldby In ye description of ye former lands expssed in ye 3 Pages going immediately before, I doe not take upon me to have described precisely eithe ye names of ye lands (in regard of ye diversity of them one man pronouncing them otherwise than another) or ye poise quantity of ye said lands (in regard of divers fractions in dividing :) or ye du-ect [?] value (in regard of ye difference of ye soyle :) but yet what I have set downe is far under ye value ; or ye names of those that wthhold the said lands by reason both of ye continuall yearely change of tenants, and also ye private compacts of them that hold themselves to be Lords of those lands, wch indeed doe not belong to them but to ye Bishop. But I have gone as neerely as possibly I could by an exact search into those few imperfect rolles that now remaine and by diligent conference wth ancient men who have seene ye courses of these things. Thus much for answer to ye ninth article. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 139 "What lands, tenements, rents or hjereditaments have been given by his [Majestie] or his progenitours, or by any other to any colledge, free schoole, corporation, or to any other charitable use, &c. I answer, I know of none, saving those lands mentioned in ye 4 pages precedent, wherewith no doubt his Maties noble progenitours and prede- cessours ijrincipally have endowed ye said Bishopricke of Killaloe, and now are unjustly deteined from this see, either in part or in whole as is before described. Concei'niug greivances, complaints, and motions for the Clergy. I answer this by proposing things of that nature, two waics : namely, flSrst in ye behalfe of my selfe, the Bishop. Secondly, in ye behalfe of my clergy. My owne grievance, complaints, and humble motions be these 12 in order following. ffirst I do complaine of those lands formerly mentioned as deteined from me, in ye compassc of wch lands are many castles, halls, stone- houses, other tenements, services, fishings, refections, and other profits thereto belonging all deteined also from me Nay further, ivhereas the said lands were held from ye Bishop of Killaloe, some by lease, some as tenants at will, and all yearely paying to ye Bishop either rent, or refection or both : yet both carles, barons, knights, and gentlemen have surrendered these lands unto his Matie, and of many of them have procured out letters patents, wch if it were tho- roughly searched, it would appear yt ye said letters patents are suri'ep- titious, and ye surrenders fraudulent ; their forefathers next in alltheyr oSices challenging the said lands. Now ye persons that doe withhold these things are so much the more confident (ye most of them) because when any church business comes to triall, ye jurors (who for ye most part are recusants) are very scrupulous in givmg any verdict for ye church : and ye deteiners of those lands are both many and great, and yrfore full both in number and purse : and so consequently the Bp. not able to deale wth them. Besides that it is not altogether so fit yt a Bp. should spend his time in these temporall affaires, wch are accompanied wth so many contentions incident to causes of that nature : seeing that he is to bend his endeavours another way, namely to his private studies, ye direction! of his clergy, and reforming of ye people. In consideration whereof I humbly desire you ye Et Honblc Co- missioners to comend my most humble suite to his most excellent Matie yt his highness would be pleased eyther to cause some speedy and strict course irrevocably to be taken, as to justice and equity ap- pertaincth f or ye regaining of those lands, and other things so deteined from my see. 140 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Or els that whereas ye value of ye deteined premises doth amount yearely to tivo thousand pounds sferl. at ye rate of ten pounds a plough land (ye most of them being at this day at ye rate of twenty pounds), his Matie would be pleased to take into his own disposition all ye said lands, and all other profits belonging to ye said Bishopricke (saving what I do now enjoy) and to cause foure hundred pounds sterl. to be paid yearely by four equall portions out of his Highness Exchequer unto me ye now Bp of Killaloe, and my successours ; yt we might ye more freely spend our selves, and or times in ye imediate service of God. Secondly I complaine yt ye pxies of benefices imppriat of monas- teries are eyther made away, or wthheld, viz. : — ffirst for ye proxies of ye benefices imppriat there is kept from me to ye value of two and tiventy pounds st yearely by those whom I have named as imppriators from ye 5th page of this booke to ye 18th. Secondly I say yt there are certeine monasteries in ye diocesse wch. anciently were taxed to pay proxies, besides what is before described, as it may appeare by ye ancient rolle wch was delivered me upon ye said proxies, viz. : — £ s. d. (1) Monasterium de Lorrha in ye County of Tipperary. This is in ye hands of one John Can twell : and is taxed at ... 1 0 0 (2) Monasterium de Inshinameoh als Insula Viventium,in ye coun. Tip. This is in ye hands of ye L. James Dillon : and is taxed at 2 13 4 (3) Monasterium de Sto Johane de la Nenagh comonly called Tion in ye county aforesaid. This, in ye hands of 01. Grace gent. tax. at ... ... ... ... 2 13 4 (4) Monasterium de Thorn in com. p. diet. In ye possession of Brian c Grath sone to ye Lo : Archbishop of Cashell : and is taxed at . . . ... ... ... ... 1 6 8 (5) Monasterium de foragio als de forago in ye County of Clare. In ye possession of ye Et Hoble ye Earlo of Thomond Lo : President of Mounster : and it is taxed at... 2 13 4 (6) Monasterium de Insicronan : in comitatu predicto : In ye possession of ye said Earle of Thomond : and is taxed at 1 6 8 (7) Monasterium de Inishgad als Ilanakananah als Insula Canonicorum : Chanons Hand in comit de Clare p. diet. In ye possession of ye said Earlo of Thomond: and is taxed at . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 6 8 (8) Monasterium Monalium de Killoin in comitat. p. diet. In ye possession of ye Lo : Ba : of Insiquin : and is taxed at 2 13 4 Sume 15 13 4 out of all wch I doe enjoy but So that there is a yearely Debentur of ,.200 . 13 13 4 REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 141 £ s. d. well sume of 13 13 4 being added to the 22 0 0, viz : to ye defects of ye proxies of imppriat benefices before calculated in ye pcedent page : the totall sUnie of ye pxies £ s. d. yearely wthheld from me, amounteth to 35 13 4 Thirdly I complaine of ye multitude of Rectories " impropriat " being in number fifty three as in ye answer to ye third article in ye title of Incumbents appeareth. Concerning which imppriat Rectories it may be (by diligent view of ye severall patents : or by ye offices upon wch ye said letters patents are grounded ; or by ye letters or warrants upon wch ye said offices were taken ; or by some other meanes) it will be found yt his Matie hath not given away those Rectories at all, or yt ye King was deceived in his gi-aunt. And in some part for manifestation of this point, there is ye Rectory of Roscrea (Pag. 16. num. 97) held as imppriat by Oliver Grace ; it is worth at this day fourty pounds p anum, and it is in taxe in ye Kings booke at £7 for first fruites ; and ought to pay 7s. st. for 20th yearely, wch money is never paid : so great damage doth his Matie susteine by this ptended imppriation. Yet ye taxation is an evident argument that it is no imppriation indeed, but a thing foisted into ye patent of Oliver Grace or Garret Grace his father. Or it may be yt ye Prior of ye Monastery of Tion or St. Johns de la Nenagh held that Rectory in title from ye Bp of Killaloe, and so being possessed of it at ye time of ye dissolution of ye abbies, it might be found by an ignorant Jm-y to be parcell of ye Monastery of St. Johns ; wch indeed it was not but a mere coUative living from ye Bp and no imppriation at all. And ye like may be said of " apppriations," but especially of three Rectories wch have at least three and twenty Rectories apppriat to them, viz. Rectory of Omolled ) ( 8 ) ( ^- ) Rectory o£ Ogassin > hath < 8 > described pag. < 6, 7. [ Rectory of Tradry ) ( 7 ) U, 8.) Fourthly I complaine of ye multitude of " imppriat vicarages " being in number 25, viz : — Insicronan Killuh I Inishdadrom | Kilchrist Killidisert Kilmurry Ibrictan Nenagh Lisbunny 7Killandu£E "1 Dolla Kilmore Killodiernan Clohapriora Kilruan Balligibbon . Ahanameala BuiTesnafema f-pag. f 13 Templederry KildeiTydagro Bonohom Durroh Kilcolman Ahankon Quikanoam Corbally But it may be by ye practise of ye course above named many of ye said vicarages shal be found not to be imppriat. ffor in ye patent of Oliver Grace (who is ye greatest Imppriator for 142 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE number of benefices in my Dioces) tbere is mention made only of Rectories, and not Vicarages at all. Yet (he being ye Kings patentee) I have not much medled wtli him : although (I coufesse) that at my first entrance into ye Bishopricke in Ano. 1612 I ventured upon sixe of his vicarages,' vrch he seemed to hold as Imppriat, viz. fRoscrea f^^-'] Castletowne Ely 17. -rr- c Eamaveog I 17. ^™Seof ^Dunkerin" \^''^-\l7.\ I Templehary 17. | LEtagh J USJ To all wch I collated ministers, and they doe to this day enjoy ye pfits entirely. Since that, I have farther adventured lately to collate into 6 of those 25 impropriat vicarages afore mentioned, viz., Kilchrist and Killidysert ] ( 10. DuiToh and Bonohom > pag. < 16. JSTenagh and Lisbunny ) ( 12. out of all wch my coUatees were ejected. In these imppriat Yicarages ye glebe land is alwaies devoured, alienated, and turned to ye temporaU lands of ye imppriator. Fifthly I complaine yt where there is an Imppriation, I canot get that church to be builded ; for ye Imjipriator saies he paies a great rent to ye King, and so will not be compelled by me to joyne wth ye Incum- bent, and wth ye parish in so good a worke. Sixthly I complaine that where there is an Imppriation, especially where ye Vicarage is imppriately held, there ye cure is not served ; and where any Curat is put upon them, they will give him no allowance but what ye Curat shall casually get out of mariages, burials, and christen- ings ; and scarce that neither. Seventhly I complaine yt there are divers Ahhies or Monasteries dissolved in my Dioces, wherein yet ye people do bury theyi- dead out of ye ordinary place of chi-istian bm-iall to ye contempt of religion and maintenance of theyr superstition. And besides that, to these places many ifriars and Priests doe ordinarily resort and sometimes in yeyeare great concourse of people publikely : as in ye abby of Quin in ye county of Clare : and abby of Inshinameoh in ye county of Tiperary : and in Inishgealtragh or ye Hand of Seven Altars standing in ye midst of ye river of Shanan bordering on ye county of Galway. Eighthly I complaine that divers advowsons and patronages belonging to ye Bishopricke are challenged and usurped upon by others, viz., Advowsons and Patronages of the 'Prebend of Tomgreeny Rectory of Kilkeedy * Rectory of Dromcliff e Prebend of Iniskalty Rectory of Kilrush Rectory of Killanaboy Eectory of Disert ^ Rectory of Rath Hugh Bradyes heifes. Nicholas Darcy. Lo : Baron of Insiquin. 1 Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. Idem. REIGN OF KIKG JAMES THE FIRST. 143 vrch challenges and usui-patious of theyrs phaps may easily be avoided by looking into theyr severall Patents wcli tbey bave gotten first and last from bis Matic. Ninthly I complaine yt ye under-sberiffes, county-clarkes, and other ofiicers under ye high sberiffes in most of ye counties wth in my Diocese, are for ye most part recusants, and yet ordinarily serve at Assizes, Sessions, and county-courts : yea sometime ye High Sheriffe himself e either takes not ye oath of Supremacy, or at least Cometh not to church. By well means ye advancement of God's truth and Religion, and ye service of ye Kings Matie is altogether hindered. Tenthly I complaine yt ye High Sheriffes in ye severall counties, to wch my Dioces doth extend, do not well execute ye severall kinds of capias wch do concerne ye advancement of Religion, viz. : first they execute not truly ye Capias against Recusants indicted according to ye statute of 2o Elizab. in this Kingdome of Ireland, whereby God is dishonoured, religion made a scorne, and ye pious iutendements of his majesties lawes are frustrated. Secondly they doe not truly execute ye writ de excomunicati capiendo wch sometimes I get forth against Recusants, wth whom I have pceeded, and other notorious offenders : but by theyr puttmg of ye said writ into ye hands of theyr Popish ofiicers, ye parties offending psently have notice of it, and they doe shunne that sheriffe during his time : and at ye end of his yeare ye writ is not delivered over to ye next sheriffe, and so ye wi'it is lost, or concealed among them to ye contempt of Religion. Eleventhly I complaine of ye multitude of Popish preists wthin my Dioces who drawe ye people from theyr obedience to his Majesty : and then especially when any pclamation or direction comes from his Highnes : hindering also ye minister in ye worke of his calling, and drawing backe those whom ye minister had formerly gained. The preists are thus named (as followeth) for so many as yet are remembsred wth theyr places of residence and interteiners : — Names of ye preists. Parishes and places of residence. Interteiners. John o Halluran Donnell o Haigshy (sshy P) Hugh Halluran Shane oge o Coxy Hugh Hogan Quin Abby of Quin Clonce Tulloh Kilmorinagall In his own house at Balli- Morrogh c Teig Kenedy c Teig Killofin and Kilfeddain Kilmacdowan Rath and Disert Morffartah Kilrush Kilmurry Clonderila mulchashell. In his own house. Teige McKenedy his father. Teig c Owin Mahoon c Jurkan Teig o Row ban Henry Blackwell. In his fathers house. Thomas oge Gorman. 144 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Connor o Davine Lohlin o Meahan Donnoh o Dooly ; Dowly John Reogh Morgan o Coman Donnell c Broodin Teig c Gilpatricke Donnoli o Malone William o Clery William o Coxy James Harty Richard o Macky Donnoh c Cnoghor Donnoh c Lohlin John o Hogan Murtoh Glissan Teig o Donnavom Donnoh o Tierna Piers c Costy ffarginanam c Egan Rory c Teig Kenedy Hogan Oony c Teig Connor o Toohy JohnMelampitt John 0 Gravan Kilfarboy Kilmaly Clonlughain Clondagad Kilfinaghta Killinaboy & Kilkeedy Dromcliife, Abby of Clare and Killone Kilmihil Clonilea and Killurain Dowry Killodieman Killruain and Lisenu- sky Dorra [?] Killaloe Moisea Kilmore Ballymachursey Ballymacky Dunkerin Usgran Ahanameala Ballingary Kilclonfert mullo Etagh Surges Boga Durroh and Bonohom Donnogh c Gilpatricke. In his fathers house one Murtoh o Meahan. Oliver Grace. William o Meara. In his own house. John c Lohlin, ye Shiddara, and others. Connor Hogan his brother. Murtoh o Glissan. William o Gavan. In his owne house. In his owne castle there. James o Kenedy. William Duigan, the Corbe. Donnell o Brian. John 0 Kennedy. Besides all this, one Nethemias Nestor priest came over about 4 yeares since from Rome, and tookt upon him to be ye Pope's nuntio, and Hveth in ye baronies of Insiquin Burrin and Corkomrowe in the county of Clare : he wthdrawes ye people from theyr obedience to God and his Maties and getteth infinite wealth from the people. And over ye whole Diocesse Mahoon McGrath is vicar-generall from ye Pope, who takes upon him to order priests, and to dispense in cases of matrimony, and other cases, as is to be shewne and proved : He resorts for ye most part to Sr John Macnamara Kt. at his house in Montalle [ ] in ye county of Clare. The twelfth and last grievance on my owne part is ye despising of my jurisdiction, to wch very few are obedient at this day, occasioned partly by ye negligence of sheriffes in not executing ye writts de excomunicato capiendo : partly through ye multitude of priests and Popish lawyers who still hold ye people in hand, yt there shalbe liberty of conscience : and abolishing of the ye fees in ye Ecclesiasticall Courts : and partly thorough the calling of ye warrant of assistance backe, given formerly to me (as unto other Bishops) from ye Right Hoble ye Lo. Deputy and in particular to me further from ye Earle of Thomond : which course againe is much to be desired for ye strengthening of ecclesiasticall juris- diction, wch otherwise will come to nothing : and so both recusants and REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 145 other notorious offenders against ye Kings laws and against ye Leitourgy established will goo on unbridled and unlimited in theyr bad and super- stitious courses in token whereof ye natives that came to church in severall parishes are gone all backe againe since ye recalling of those warrants. Thus much for ye answer to ye first part of the eleventh Article con- cerning my owns grievances. Now concerning ye clergy in my Dioces, who though at my first coming to the Bishopricke in Anno 1612 were not above ye number of seven, yet now God be praised are sevenand forty and of them foure and twenty preachers : they according to ye jiurport of that 11th Ai'ticle doe xpose theyi' grievances, together wth theyr humble notions as followeth : ffirst theyr grievances : and that two waies, in particular and in generall. In particular : viz., 1. Joseph Clement, vicar of Eoscrea, complaines yt divers houses, glebes and ruinated places are deteined from him by Garret c [?] Ly- saght, and others challenging under ye Earle of Ormond. Nicholas Booth, vicar of Clondagad, complaines yt one Michael Heath- cott under colom* of the Earle of Thomond doth keep away from him his glebe land there. 2. Nicholas Bright, Trcasui'cr of Killaloe, complaines yt having no other benefice but ye vicarage of Dromlee belonging to his Treasure- ship, yet ye said vicarage is wholly taken away from him, and so kept these 7 [?] yeares last past by ye du-ection of ye Earle of Thomond. 3. Thomas Edens, Prebendary of Inishkalty, complaines yt ye maior and corporation of ye city of Limericke doe keepe from him ye pfits of 5'e rectory of Inishkalty under ptence of thyr charter graunted in Septimo Jacobi. 4. Also ye sd Thomas Edens complaines yt his glebe land in the parish of Kilrush parish of ye sd prebend is kept away from him by Graneer ye Dutchman and others clayming under ye Earle of Thomond. 5. Also ye sd Thomas Edens complaines yt whereas in August 1618 he was instituted and inducted into ye quiet possession of Kilchrist and Killidisert, and enjoyed ye pfits of them for one yearc, yet he hath bene since ejected out of the same by ye meanes of the Earle of Thomond, who claimes those vicarages as imppriat. 6. Richard Wilkin s. Vicar of Nenaghand Lisbunny, complaines of his eject from ye pfits of ye sd vicarages by Lewis Welch Imppriator. In generall they all complain, viz., as followeth : — 1. Imprimis they all complaine that theyi' glebe lands are wth held from them by ye chiefe Lords of theyi- severall parishes in part or in whole. 2. Item they complaine yt so many burialls ai-e used in abbies, I. 146 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE monasteries, old chappells and places where rectories and vicarages are both imppriat, whereby they are defrauded of theyr diities due to them in such cases. 3. It : yt ye imppriatoures under colour of their imppriations doe take away fi-om ye incumbent two parts of ye offerings, milch money, wooll, lamioe and other pfits : yea also they take from them ye two parts of those duties wch should only be apppriat to ye incumbent for ye p.sonall executing of his office and duty : and those two parts ye Popish imppriatours (as for ye most part they are) give to theyr preists besides all other allowances. 4. It : yt ye imppriators under colour of theyr imppriate rectory or vicarage respectively doe take away ye glebe or part or in whole, so yt ye incumbent shall have no house nor place to build a house, but either must live in some poore hired caljin in danger of theyr lives, or in a victualling house not answerable to theyr calling : or be non-resident in repairing to some well peopled towne for safety and habitation. 5. It:yt theyr fees of manages, burialls and christenings, wch was wont to be much of theyr maintenance is now made lesse than formerly ; yea much less then is given to ye Popish preists in that kind, occasioned as by other meanes, so especially by ye working of ye said preists, who rob God of his glory, and them of theyr dues : ye people being unwilling to pay double both to ye clergy of my diocese and to yc Popish preists. Secondly ye most humble motions of yc clergy : and they are these eight as followeth : They desire to be relieved in all ye former greivances. They desu-e to have ye fines of ye recusants in theyr several! parishes to be allowed to them yearely in some part or totally for a time towards ye building of theyr part of ye chauncells, in regard of theyr poverty. Thu'dly they desire yt ye office of pseuting recusants may not be imposed on them any longer, but on ye churchwardens of ye severall l^arishes, who are best at leasm-e in time of divine service to observe who are absent ; and who are best acquainted wth ye inhabitants ; yt ye clergy by avoyding of that office may ye better win ye love of theyr parishioners, and avoide that danger wch ye malice of theyr Popish adversaries is well known to jolot against them. They desire yt ye charge of ye schoolmasters stipend may be laid not upon them, but wholy upon ye imppriatours who gaine much, and doe nothing. They desire yt they may be farmours to his Matie in ye imppriat rectories or vicarages in ye severall parishes where they are beneficed, at ye same rate that now ye imppriatours pay unto his Matie (if theyr estate can in justice and honour be avoyded :) or that ye imppriatours may be copolled to give a good allowance ycarcly to ye incumbent, or to ye curate where there is no incumbent ; and that to be taxed and ordered at ye discretion of ye Bishop. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 147 They desire to be relieved in theyr grazing money according to ye true meaning of ye order made by ye Eegall A'isitours in ye yeare 1G15, for otherwise they shalbe very much imiioverishcd and discouraged in ye execution of theyr places. They desire to be relieved in ye matter of parish clarkes, yt neither ye parishioners may deny them theyr choyce yrin (they being allowed of by ye Bishop :) neither ye usuall maintenance for them be kept backe, viz. a penny a quarter yearely out of evei-y smoke [?] as it is used in England, besides other usuall allowances at manages, burialls and christenings : and yt some strict course may be comanded to be taken herein for theyr releife. Lastly they humbly dcsu-e yt whensoever in any of theyr severall parishes any lands shall be at his Maties disposing by reason of any plantation, sm'render, attainder, forfeiture or other meanes (as hath befallen in Ely o Caroll) they pstrate themselves wth all humble ac- knowledgment and thankfulness at ye feete of his Matie yt they might in such like cases have assigned to them as of his Maties bounty some pportion of glebe land to be allotted in ye most convenient place : and yt upon any inquisition to this end, ye Bishop of ye Dioces, or in his absence, ye Deane of ye Cathedrall Church may be one in Comission to see ye same to be pformed according to his Maties gracious grauut and Royall intent in that behalfe. Thus much in answer to ye 11th Article. Pag. 25. What Ecclesiastical Courts are kept wthin ye Diocesse, by whom executed, under whom, and by what authority ? I answer, That there are Ecclesiasticall Courts kept in my Consistory at Killaloe, and in ye Dioces abroad ; and that by my Chauncelour and Eegister. My Chaimcelour is Winter Bridgemau, Esq., an Englishman borne, sometime a Scholar of Oxford of LincoLne Colledge for ye space of three yeares or thereabouts ; and after that, a student foure yeares in ye Inner Temple ; and since that addicted to ye study of ye Civill Lawcs, wherein he doth excell: (being well scene [?] also, in ye Comon Lawes :) His experience in this kingdome is of thirty yeares : A man not un- knowne to ye state generall of this kingdome : and so well appved and liked by the ye Et Hoble ye Earle of Thomond, and ye County of Clare, yt they have moved ye Et Hoble j-e Lo : Chauncellour of Ireland to put him in ye Comission of Peace for that County ; and lives at this day in ye execution as well of that office, as of my jurisdiction upright, wth- out scandall greivance or complaint. My Eegister is one Henry Boreman, gent, who was made in England a publicke notaiy and executeth ye place wth care skill and faithfnl- nes : and one that is knowne to many of ye couuciU of state iu this kingdome. And hitherto of ye answer to all ye twelve articles pposed iu ye first letter sent me mentioned in jc first page of this bookc. L 2 148 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Aiti ^l'-^* "S^ow followeth ye answer to yc second letter sent to me from ye Et Hoble &c. ye Commissioners. Date. May 10, 1622. This letter consisteth upon two articles. What Proxies have bene paid to ye Bp in ye Dioccs &c. To this I have already fully answered in my satisfaction to ye third article in ye first columne of every page throughout, under ye title of Proxies. The second ^^^^ ^ catalogue or note of all admissions. Institutions and Induc- Article. tions siace Primo of Henry ye Eighth, or as fai-re as you can. To this I answer yt never any of ye ancient Eegister-bookes did ever come to my hands, or notice, whereby I knowe not what hath bene done before my time, except it be in those few that were beneficed in my Dioces before my time and doe yet live : whoso inductions or in- stallings I have set downe under every man's name ; as also ye induc- tion of every Incumbent now beneficed in my Dioces, as may appeare under ye title of Incumbents in every page in ye answer to ye third article. And because in many of those benefices there have been divers others inducted [ ], deprived, or having relinquished ye worse to take a better, I have yrfore (as w[ell as I] possibly collect) made a rehearsall of theyr Benefices. Incumbents. Inductions. Rectory of Trdry Rectory of Ogassim Vicar of Tulloh Rector of Birrah Rector and Vicar of Moysea The Chauncellorsliip Prebend of Tomgreeny Vicar of Killokenedy Vicar of Quin Vicar of Clondagad Rector of Killinaboy Rector of Litterluna Vicar of Roscrea ) Vicar of Etah j Rector of Kilmurry Vicar of Kilbarrain Rector of Kilfarboy Rector of Balligibbon Teig McBroody Conor McShane Conor c Mahoone Walter ffitzimons Denis 0 Brian Christopher fHangan Marke Pagett John Blagrave, a preacher Morgan Bennis, clerke Robert ffrotliingham, student Thomas Pritchard, preacher Thomas Denteth, clerke -lEneas Callanan, clerke Patricke Quin, clerke Denis o Brian, clerke Garrett ffitzgerald, clerke Morgan Bennis, clerke Digoi-y Hawkes Before my time. Before my time. Before my time. Before my time. Before my time. Before my time. Before my time. Dec. 9, 1613. Oct. 9, 1613. Feb. 28, 1613. May 5, 1613. Feb. 16, 1613. Apr. 4, 1613. May 6, 1613. Apr. 7, 1613. June 10, 1613. July 1614. Aprill 1614. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 149 Benefices. Incumbents. Inductions. j of Kinnity V icar ) Vicar of Eoscrea ) Vicar of Etagh J Vicar of Killokenedy Vicar of Killidisert ) Vicar of Kilchrist ) Vicar of Ogonilla Vicar of Kilkeely Rector of Tradiy Vicar ( Kiltinanlegh ' of Castleconnell Killinagaraffe ) Vicar of Burrin Rector of Kilmurry ) Vicar of Swinroan ) Vicar of Kilteely ] Vicar of Killurain j Vicar of Killamuir 'j Vicar of Kilmurry > Clonderila ) Vicar of Kilraglitas ) Vicar of Templemaly ) Vicar of Killard ) Vicar of Kilfierah ) Vicar of Roscreah Rector of Olonf ert mullo Rector of Lattrah Vicar of Yoball-arra Edmund Donnilan, clerke Anno 1614. Murtob o Donnilan Anno 1615. Thomas fHangan, a preacher Aug. 31, 1618. Peter ElHs, preacher Aug. 12, 1618. Thomas fBangan, preacher Aug. 31, 1618. Idem Aug. 31, 1618. Morgan Bennis, clerke Aug. 12, 1618. William Jaunes, a preacher Oct. 1, 1618. Benjamin Austen, clerke Aug. 31, 1616. Marmaduke Clapham, preacher Jan. 8, 1618. G-illabride c Broodin, student May 1619. Peter Ellis, preacher June 16, 1619. John Twenbrooke, preacher Feb. 3, 1619. Abraham Holt, clerke Feb. 3, 1619. Henry Barrham, student Julyl, 1619. Idem Dec. 6, 1619. Robert Chuffe, clerke July 1, 1619. Brian o Brian, student Mar. 26, 1619. Thus have I fully satisfied (I trust) yr expectations in my answer to ye Articles prposed in both ye forenamed letters. All wch I do humbly comend unto you his Maties Rt Hoble, &c., Comissioners, and doe iutreat yt as well ye greivances of ye clergy, and my owne, as also or humble motions may be taken into [your] wise and grave considerations : praying for a blessing from heaven above to be given to yr [ ] endeavours, for ye glory of ye gi-eat God, and for ye good both of this desolate Church [and de]caying common- wealth. Some notes on«tlie above most valuable documeut are added, with the view of drawing more particular attention to matters of importance requiring elucidation. ON FOURTH ARTICLE OF THE BISHOP's REPORT. The Bishop's answer to the Fourth Article at page 20 of the original, needs some further consideration. He very properly 150 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE states " tlie value " of each, benefice separately. However, by holding several parishes together, as pluralists, parishes some- times covering a space equal to a Barony, some of the clergy had incomes a little better than what may appear. Thus — 4 had incomes from £50 to £75 15 „ „ 15 to 20 37 „ „ 2 to 20 56 The Bishop of Limerick took from the Diocese just £100 per annum in sinecures and dignities. He also held Kilfenora Bishoprick by dispensation (Ware), and was near having had Dromore thrown in (C. S. P. I. 1606, p. 77). he temporalities of the Bishoprick of Limerick were diminished and brought low, as low as sacrilege could reduce them (a fact already men- tioned). Bishop Bernard Adams expressly disclaims anything like grasping after riches. On his monumental slab in St. Mary's Cathedral, Limerick, the following may still be read : — " Sufficient God did give me whicli I spent " I little borrowed and as little lent " I left them whom I loved enough in store " Increased this Bishoprick and relieved the poor." This was all quite true, and very proper indeed. But then how many clergymen of Killaloe did this money, thus abstracted from their diocese, leave deprived of " sufficient to spend " for themselves, or of any "store " to leave " for them whom they loved." (?) ON FIFTH ARTICLE, The Bishop designates the quality and condition of the incumbents and ministers "as to learning, life, and conversa- tion," with nice particularity and laborious accuracy of detail. Thus — Some 11 were "native ministers" — or not imported from England, &c. Some 14 were "ministers and preachers." One was a Canonist, Mr. Andrewe. Of the greater number he can report favourably, as " men of good conversation," and of some in particular as " grave ministers."- At page 31 he incidentally alludes to "divers (who were) deprived." Of students there were 5. The preachers are classified as either " known, zealous, or good," and number 6 or 7, Of those who REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 151 read in the Irish, tongue are 5 or 6. Of graduate (students) are 2 or 3. Of Masters of Arts among the clergy there are 4. SIXTH ARTICLE. The Bishop is very sore about Piers Butler, who contrived with aid of the Crown to secure £70 per annum as a Pluralist, and gave no value for it in clerical services, although pos- sessing high powers of usefulness from his familiarity with the Irish tongue. SEVENTH ARTICLE. Rese^^dng our remarks on particular churches to the Topo- graphical Notes in Appendix, it is very striking, according to the present views of toleration, how the good Bishop could regard with satisfaction the condition of the great majority of the churches in Clare, as having been for the most part " built by the help of the fines of the Recusants." This may have been a good way of building churches, certainly a very economical way, but whether it was a good way of filling the churches with the Recusants and making them genuine and generous supporters of the Reformed faith, is entirely a different question. So, too, giving " the Recusants fines " as sti- pends of missionary curates seems an equally repulsive and fatal proceeding. How these Recusants could have been fined into the love of Protestantism baffles all experience of human or Hibernian nature, unless on the supposition that money was the god of such Recusants' idolatry, and that they gave up their pro- fessed recusansy the more abundantly to worship the God they really loved. But it is a hard tiling to live in advance of one's day and generation and to see clearly the dangers which ever beset the path of duty on the right hand and on the left. And if earnestness carried good men like Bishop John Rider into a repulsive intolerance some two centuries ago, easiness might be leading men of the present day into a cold indifierentism. Anyway, the enterprize of fining Irish Recusants into the love of the Reformed faith does not savour of the spirit of Jesus Christ and his Apostles, at least according to New Testa- ment principles ; nor, as the event alas has proved, did it avail much "for ye gaining of ye natives, who hitherto will not hear.^' In the " Interest of Ireland," p. 56, &c., the following quo- 152 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE tation and sensible remark may be found : — " In planting of religion this much is needful to be observed, — that it be not sought forcibly, to be impressed into them with terror, and sharp penalties as now is the manner, but rather delivered and intimated with mildness and gentleness, so as it may not be hated, before it be understood, &c. The true religion is not to be planted by penal laws, or the terror of punishments, which may fill a church with temporizing hypocrites, but never with sincere professors — nor is it to be propagated by a vicious, sloth- ful minister." EIGHTH ARTICLE. The Bishop's sore travail to recover " 21 townlands into the See of Killaloe " was not without good effect. Mr. Erck, in I. E. R., 1830, p. 209, relates that, "Pursuant to Privy Seal dated 26 Feb., 1619, and to Patent of June, 1620, the King granted to John Bp. of Killaloe and his successors, the ter- ritory called Termon-i-grady, als Tomgraney or Greney, in the coy. of Clare, containing 21 qrs. or plough lands, with all its spiritual and temporal hereditaments, to hold by one Knight's fee. And with leave to Bishop to renew his letters patent with the addition of the said lands and of such ors as he should recover." NINTH ARTICLE. Of alienations, &c., some corroborations and illustrations will occur in the progress of the narrative. THIRD COMl'LAINT (oF BISIIOP). Let it be again impressed on the reader's attention, that out of 116 benefices in Killaloe Diocese, 53 were impropriate, or else seized upon as such. And that this was the final conse- quence of the invasions of the parochial by the monastic system. " The greatest impropriator and devourer of livings " was Oliver Grace, of whom and his ancestors there is a full account given in a Paper on Tulloroan Parish, to be found in ]\Iason's Parochial Survey. There is also a JNIemoir of the Grace familj^, by Sheffield Grace, which is profusely illustrated and of exact research. From these the following may be selected as likely to interest : — REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 153 Raymond Fitzwilliam Carew Le Gros accompanied Strongbow to Ireland. The annals of James Grace of Kilkenny com- mence with, the invasion of the English, and close with the deaths of Ormonde and Desmonde. He married Basilia, daughter of Strongbow, as a reward for his services, and he got the control of Grace's Country — 80,000 acres. The most illustrious families trace from R. Le Gros. He is the common ancestor of the noble Houses of Windsor, Earl of Plymouth ; Carew, Earl of Totnes ; Fitzmaurice, Marquis of Lansdowne and Earl of Kerry ; Gerard, Earl of Macclesfield, and Gerard, Bart. ; Fitzgerald, Duke of Leinster, Earl of Desmond, and Fitzgerald, Bart. ; M'Kenzie, Earl of Leaforth and Cromartie ; and Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare. Raymond Le Gros was thus the stem of a tree which during more than 1,000 years has borne its honours high, and spread them branchingly (sic) in society. But, omitting the honours, exertions, alliances, and glories of the Graces, the following may prove more to the object in hand. It appears by various ofiicial records that the Grace family possessed, under the ancient ecclesiastical and regal polity, considerable Church patronage, which was wrested from them by despotic enact- ments of the new Puritanical hierarchy (!) and Protectoral Government of Cromwell. They exercised at that period the right of advowson to the following " Rectories " {sic) : — In counties of Kilkenny, Tipperary, King's and Queen's County. Graces Parish, Ballygrannagh, Ballyvakj^e (Ballymackey), Templedcere (Templederry), Ballyandine, Kilcrowan, Kilordir- nane (Killodeernan), Cloghprior, Cowlenwane (CuUenwaine), Templeneharry, Dunkerene, Ballycashelem, Ramoreake (Rathnaveogue), Roskene, Rossmorrowe, Etagh, Coynrane, Castle Grace. In 1615, Oliver Grace, of Ballylinch and Carney Castles, presented to the valuable Livings of Castletown and Roscrea, both in Tipperary. To an enlightened and benevolent mind (pursues Mr. ShefFd. Grace) the possession of ecclesiastical patronage affords frequent occasions of just and exquisite satis- faction. The Grace family inherited the advowson of eighteen livings. The loyalty of the House of Grace to the unfortunate House of Stuart was attended with most disastrous conse- 154 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE quences to its prosperity. His estates in King's County were seized by Parliament and granted to one John Yaughan. The Commissioners of the Commonwealth distributed (p. 50) lands of the Graces to the extent of 17,000 acres, together with sixteen Rectories and four Residences, When King James II. was predominant, Oliver Grace had assigned to him the properties of the most considerable of the Queen's County Protestants. "The 28 Sept., 5th Eliz. (1563), the Monastery of Tyone, or St. John, with its ajopurtenances and about 700 acres of land, with several chief rents and 16 Rectories, were granted for ever to Oliver Grace, by homage and fealty only, at the yearly rent of 39/. Os. lOd. ; and by Inquisition Post-Mortem at Phillipstown, 23 Oct., 1626, was found seized of above Rectories, all of which were part and parcel of the lately dissolved Monastery of St. John, near Nenagh, in County Tipperary."— Cooke's Historij of Birr. Ed. 1875, p. 303. But it may prove of more importance to give a brief abstract of the pecuniary values of the 116 Benefices in the Diocese, ranked under their denominations : — Value. £ s. d. Donatives, presented to by Crown . . . 20 0 0 Collatives, presented to by Bishop . . . 988 6 8 Presentatives, presented to by Lay Patrons . . 279 0 0 Appropriated ad mensam Episcopi, or for cathedral purposes 125 6 8 Improi^riated in Lay Presentees .... 833 13 4 Total .... 2,246 6 8 Consequently, one-third of the total amount of the value of the Benefices was passed from sacred to secular objects ; one- eighteenth had gone from the clergy, though used by Bishop and for cathedral objects ; one-eighth had gone as a certainty from the working clergy of the Diocese ; not quite one-half of the value of the Benefices was all that the working clergy of the Diocese had to live upon, being on an average for each 21/. 10s. Oc/. And this is all the endowment wherewith the clergy of this Diocese were remunerated. UEIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 155 FOURTH COMPLAINT {continued). Page 27. " I ventured upon six of his Vicarages, wliich he seemed to hold as impropriate/' If the reader will reflect upon the juries, the lawyers, the long purses of the spoliators, on the Sheriffs, the subordinate officers, and all and sundry the opposition which the Bishop had to encounter, this action which he so modestly relates will most justly redound to his credit as a brave and wise administrator of his Diocese, bent on doing his duty, No. 6. "No allowance." Some remarks on this and its miserable consequences must be deferred to a future page. No. 10. On the Sheriffs not executing the writs of capias against Recusants, " under ye 2nd of Elizabeth," " tcherebij God is dishonoured," &c. So, no doubt, thought our worthy Bishop. There was no ecclesiastical Mr. Rarey in those days, to tame and train, with a quiet, firm hand. At the same time, when the Recusants did ever get the better of their natural enemies, as they counted them, we shall see how they could act. But as to the practice of " shunning the Sheriff during his time,^' there was nothing novel in it, nothing special in the way "of contempt of religion" about it. But, indeed, it was a practice, not quite forgotten in Thomond at the present day, nor confined to Recusants either. COMPLAINT ELEVENTH Is a very serious one ; but if the pure faith of the Reforma- tion came, associated with fear and made offensive to the pride of the Romanized Celt or the debased English settler, the priests of tlie Roman Mission in Ireland, on the contrary, appealed to their natural feelings of resentment, and inflamed their hopes of help from Spain, from France, from the Pope, from any quarter at all hostile to England ; and thus, with other influ- ences combining, won an easy victory over a system of com- pulsion, and " drew back those whom ye minister had formerly gained." COMPLAINT NO. 4 OF CLERGY. The charge of the schoolmaster laid exclusively upon the clergy, and clergy so poor, to the entire exemption of the 156 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Impropriators, was a grievous evil. The consequence must have been a deteriorated system of parochial education ; in fact, a mere name and a sham. For No. 6, as to grazing- money, see Order of Visitors in 1615. Page 30. Registration Books have proved a great difficulty and sore evil ; indeed, a sad scandal in the Church. Duplicate registration, with a small fee, and a central office of safe- keeping and reference, may yet effectually secure an uniformity, certainty, and security nearly equal to the cylinders of Assyria. On the death of a dignitary holding a high place in one of the united Dioceses, his widow performed suttee, not of herself, but with a large pile of most valuable ancient books and papers belonging to the Diocese. Some sacks of papers belonging to the archives of the other Diocese have been sold by a private person for a few shillings to a collector. The papers are of unknown value, and ought to be in safe keeping for public use. There are few parochial documents extending to the Reforma- tion period ; even the Chapter Book only dates from the Restoration. When a clergyman dies, generally speaking no one knows what befals the registers. In a book now before the writer are blanks and void spaces, caused (it is credibly reported) by two ecclesiastical spinsters erasing their names to conceal their age, so far. Mostly parish books are either burned or else moulder away in damp. Since Eley's patent cartridges and the breechloaders have come into general use, these old papers have enjoyed some respite. Mr. White, in his " History of Cashel," tells of how the rebels took the sermons of the Rector of Fcthard — of course to use as wadding of their guns. Perhaps this use may have imparted an unwonted fire into the delivery of them. " Praying for a blessing.'' As the good Bishop laboured so carefully and effectively, so did he also pray earnestly for the glory of the great God, the good of this desolate Church (and, oh ! how desolate has he not demonstrated fully in this accurate and comprehensive paper?) ; also of this consequently "decay- ing Commonwealth." From the skill, energy, and piety manifested by the gi^eat and good Bishop in the above elaborate report of the state of his Diocese, and from his own action therein, it may be safely inferred with what paternal affection and pastoral solicitude he continued to look after the interests KEIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 157 of those committed to his charge, and to govern his clergy during the remainder of his episcopate. Indeed, without any disparagement of any other Bishop, the Right Reverend Father in God, Dr. John Rider, may be ■well regarded as the founder of the Reformed faith in this Diocese. If it be thought by some that too much stress has been laid by Dr. Rider upon the financial condition of the Diocese, let it be borne in mind by such what has been denounced, in the Law and Gospel alike, against those who muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And surely none can deny that every officer was underpaid, and each benefice that showed anything barely sufficient for the eye of avarice to spy, and finger of sacrilege to grasp, was plucked and fleeced. The Danes never plundered in their wars more minutely and mercilessly than did our Lords and our laymen, aye, and some of our Bishops too. Impropriators and ecclesiastical tenants swept away everything they could seize of the temporalities of the Church in the Diocese of Killaloe. The Author of "The Present State of Ireland" (London, 1673) bears the following faithful witness to the poverty and misery prevalent among the ecclesiastics of the "West of Ireland, at page 118: — "First, it is observed that the clergy of this country were formerly little beholding to their Lay- Patrons, some of their Bishops being so poor that they had no other revenues than the pasture of two milch beasts. And so far had the Monasteries and Religious Houses invaded by appropriations the Christian rites, that of late times, in the whole province of Connaught, the whole stipend of the Incumbent was not above 40s., in some places not above 16s. So that the poor Irish must needs be better fed than taught." If other Bishops, by " setting up their own servants and horseboys to take up the tythes and fruits " for their own aggrandizement, gathered hoards with which they contrived to purchase great estates and build fair castles, it was not so with Bishop John Rider, nor with his successors, as shall appear. Finding his natural strength failing, he caused to be written a letter, with a view of providing for the Diocese he had loved so well, and served so nobly, one on whom his mantle should fall, to be an Elisha after him ; of which letter the following is the reply : — 158 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE The Lords Justices of Ireland to the Bishop of London. Right Keverend and our very good Lord,— It was part of his Ma't's charge unto us, and according to our duties is our daily care to make provision for the Church in this kingdom ; and now occasion is offered us to express some part of it in that kynde. There is here an ancient Bishop, one John Eider, Bipp. of Killalow, neore four score years of age, who fynding himself unable any longer to uudergoe the bm-den of his place by reason of the gi-eate decay of his body and memorie, is desirous to leave his Bishopricke to a more hable man. And to that end he hath recommended unto us George Andrew, Dean of Limerick— one whom he hath long and in effect only employed in the governmt of his Dioces. And his Lordship hath prayed us to commend the sd Deane to His Highnes, that so by his Ma's grace and bounty he might succeed in that Sea after his Ldsp's death or resignation. Npw we well under- standing his Eoyal Highnes Eoyal and especial care to order aright the affairs of the Church, and that by yr Lordship's means and pious endeavours, we heartily pray your Lordship to make this our humble mocon knowen to his most excellent Majestie. And that his Highness wld be pleased to direct his gracious letters unto us that the sd Bishop's resignation may be accepted, and upon the said resignation (or death, whichsoever shall first happen) that the sd Dean Androwe may be invested into the said Bishopricke according to the laws of this land and as of his Majestie's bounty and most gracious donation. Mr Andrewe is an Antieut Mr of Arts in Oxford, and one of competent age. Hec hath been Dean of Limerick these 28 yeares, and soe long knowen unto us and approved by us and the whole state of this kingdom for his deserving parts, and is well experienced in the ordering and government of Church affairs, especially in ye Dioces. Now the Bishopricke of Killalowe, as it stands at the present, through the iniquitie* of the predecessors and injury of tymes, is not worth above one hundred pounds per ann., as wee are credibly informed. Therefore wee doe sooner pray your Lordship to be an effectual means to his Majesty that a Commendam of the Chantershipp of the Cathedral Church of St. Patrick's in or neere Dublin, and of the Eectory of Drumcliffe in the Dio of Killowe (wh he now enjoycth), may be added to the Bishopricke : and that in regard the sd Deane hath been at a very great charge in re-edifying the decayed House of the Chanter of St. Patrick's : and that it will be expedient that the Bishopp of Killalowe for the tyme being should have a competent howse (sic) to receive when his occasions draw him to this State, wee humbly recommend this addition to yr Lordship's good furtherance. And your Lordship to the everlasting protection of the Almightie. From Dublyn the last of Nov. 1631, your Lordship's affectionate friends and humble servants. An. Loftus (Cane), R. Corke. * Sec Bramhall, Appendix to Life, xvii. p. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 159 Addressed to the Eight Eev. Fathei- in God our very good Lord, the Ld Bishop of Loudon, and one of the Li's of his Majts Privy Councill in England. Endorsed by Bp Laud, of London. Nov. 30, 1631. The Justices of Ireland about the Bp of Killalye for Mr. Andrcwe. Of Dean Andrewe, it may be noted that though the Diocese of Killaloe lost his services, his merits as an ecclesiastic of high ability could not be long laid aside by the narrowness of party spirit. He was chosen Chairman of the Committee of the Lower House of Convocation, and there acted with so much ability and spirit as to draw from StafForde a bitter encomium and a doubtful reward. Ware mentions that the imperious Governor-General " sent for him and told him that not a Dean of Lymerick but Ananias had sat in the chair. . . . Make him Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin to hold without commendams ; and then I assure you he shall leave better behind him than will be recompensed out of that Bishoprick, which is one of the meanest in the kingdom." And accordingly his promotion followed. (Ware, 448.) So again (in " Papers," &c., by Mr. Shirley), " Dean (Lesley), in respect of the exility of the revenues of Ferns and Leighlin, hath craved leave of my Lord to fall off. £200 a year is the full extent of them both— too little for any man to come of England for. Dean Andrewe would be contented to accept of them. I know no man better accommodated every way for that work than himself. The man is a grave cathedral-man, well befriended and able to sub- sist of himself. I confess he hath been a great delihcrator this Parliament, but surely rather as an instrument of others than a principal agent." J. Derensis, Dublin, Dec, 1634? At length this great and good Bishop died at his post— "died at Killaloe on the 12 of Nov. 1632, where he was buried in Saint Flaunan's Church." Having served God in his day and generation, he was mercifully taken away from the evil to come which desolated the vineyard he had cultivated so well and had raised to so fair a prospect of much fruit. No monument remains to mark the resting-place of his body. Ware does not mention any existing in his day. And even had such been erected, the marble long since might have been moss-grown, and the monumental urn itself mayhap become buried in the wreck of graveyard debris. 160 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Bishop John Rider's "State of the Diocese of Killaloe" must, therefore, be set up for a memorial of him. Almost everything else of him having vanished away and being lost among the shadows of the past, let his own works at length praise him in the gates. And whose works, it may well be asked, whether of Killaloe's or other Irish Bishop, have exceeded those of this Bishop in the eminent qualities of energy, skill, wisdom, and a holy and hoj)eful courage in the discharge of duty ? The following being another of the Royal Visitations is to be placed in the interval between the decease of Bishop John Rider, Nov. 12, 1G32, and the consecration of Bp. L. Jones, his suc- cessor, on the 12th April, 1633. The second article noted by Dean Reeves as " in Bramhall's hand,^' indicates the character of the Visitation and the authority of the Visitors. The Roll of the clergy is of value as indicating the number of Incumbents — their collegiate standing, with other particulars of interest, indicative of the earnest efforts of the aged Bishop, John Rider, to provide as large a supply as possible of " able men." LAONENSIS DIOCESIS. 13° Martii 1633. Epatiis Laonensis. Eex Patromia, val. Eccia Cathedi'alis Sci Flannani Laonensis. Decauus Ix^. ster. per annum. euisdem Alexander Spicer predicator. Epus confert, valet Pi'ecentor Johannes Andi'ew predicator clericus, in Artibus 30;. ster. per annum. Magister : Eobertus Cox Curatus. Non residens. [Written in Bramhall's hand. Wm. K.] Epus confert, valet Cancellarius. Vacat eadem dignitas per mortem naturalcm 201. ster. per annum, j^^^^ Blagrave ult Cancellar ibid. Ricus Blagrave Curatus ibm. Epus confert, val. xxl. Thesaurarius. Eobertus Sibthorpe, predicator, Sacre P Theologie Baccalareus. Epus confert, val. U. Archidiaconus. Thomas Lodge, predicator, in Artibus = £50 St. p an. Baccalareus. Epus confert, val. Prebendarius de Lockayn. Dionisius Garthforth, Clericus. xvil. p an. Epus confert, val. xxl. Prebendar de Tomegreeny. Ricus "Wilkins, predicator, in P Arts Magr. Epus confert, val. xxZ. Prebendarius de Clondigad. Nicholaus Booth, predicator. St. p an. Epus confert, vaL xxZ. Prebendarius de Tullagh. Guliclmus Hewett, predicator. ster. p an. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 161 Epus confert, val. U. Prebendar de Disert. Johes Twenbrooke, predicator, in ster. per an. Arts Bac. Epus confert, vaL Prebendar de Inniskatty. Thomas Heaton, predicator. ste. p an. Epus confert val. xls. Prendar de Eath vacat. Sequestrata in manus Edwardi ster. p an. Fennour. Ols E«.torie spectant DIOCAl^ ATUS 0 MULLEAD. ad 0 Mulled valent p an. IxZ. ster. Comes Clonlea. — Eector dee Eccie, Johes Blagrave, predicator, •Ormonie patronus. clericus, Epus cfert valet xiiZ. Vicarius, Georgius South. ster p an. Epus cfert, val. p an. Killfinaghta. — Rector, Johes Blagrave, antedcus. ' Vicarius, Andreas Chaplin, predicator, clericus. Epus cfert, val. ixL KiLTEELY. — Rector Dens, Johes Blagrave. ster. p an, Vicarius, Gulielmus Cox, predicator, clericus. Epus cfert, vaL ix?. Killokennedy. — Deus Blagravc, rector. ster. p an. Vicarius prefatus, Gulielmus Cox. " Epus cfert, val. xiij^. KiLLNO. — Blagrave prenominatus rector. ins. hud. p an. Thomas Ayi-es, vicarius eiusdemu Epus cfert, vaL iijZ. KiLLUNAN. — Rector eiusd sepenominatus Johes Blagrave. ster p an. Vicarius prefatus, Richardus Wilkius. Val. xl. ster. p an. Feakell. — Rector sepedcus, Johes Blagrave. Vicari dicr spectans ad caplum eueie Cathlis pdce. Valet xl. ster. p an. MoYNO. — Rcoria ptinet ad dcum caplum. Epus cfert, valet vl. Vicari eiusdem, Richus Barnes, ster. p an. Val. xl. ster. p an. Clonkois. — Rcoria ptint ad caplum. Epus cfert, vai. 5^. Vicari, Richus Barnes, antedcus. ster. p an. VaL v'. ste». p an. Innisgaltra. — Rcoria imppriata spectans ad preceptoria de Any in possessione Comitis Corke. Comes Corke Patron. Tlcaria vacat sequestrata. Val. xU. St. p an. Spectat ad Omullead. Ogonila. — Eector pfat, Blagrave. Epus cfert. val. xil. Vicari, Edward Fennor, pdicator. ster. p an. VaL xi.Z. St. p an. Idumyn als Stkadbally.— Rcoria imppriata. possessa p Comite Ormonie. Epus cfert, val. xvl Vicari dnus Aepu.s Capelen tenet in comendam. ster. p annum. Robertus Challener, Curatus ibm. Val. xxl. ster. p an. Killenegarve.— Recoria imppriata confcessa Comiti Ormo- nie. Epus cfert, valet xvl. Vicarius, eju de pfat dnus Aepus. ster. p an. Robertus Challenor, Curatus. * Quere, Thomoiiie. M 162 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Val. xl. p an. KiLTANLEY. — Ecoria impropriata dehereditate Comitia Or- monie. Epus cfert, vaL viij?. Vicarius, Robertus Challoner. ster. p an. DECANAT DE OGASSHIK Valet cl. ster. p an. QuiN. — Rcor Johes Torke, predicator. It is alleadged on ye behalfe of Mr. Torke that the Rectory is in ye presentacon of ye Earle of Thomond, and it is alleadged on j e part of Mr. Wm. Huett, clerk, that it is in the gift of his Matie jure corone. Epus cfert, val. xl. Vicarius, Thomas Browne, pdicator. ster. p an. TuLLAGH. — Rcor eiusd eccie Johes Yorke, antedcus. Simlr ut in actu precedente. Epus cfert, val. xvl. Vicarius, pfatus Gulielmus Hewett. ster. p an. Valor antea. KiLLTOOLAGH — Ecoria integra spectans ad pbenda de Tome- greny. Cloney. — Rcor ide Johes Yorke. Simlr ut in Quinn. Epus cfert, vaL xlij7. Vicari, pdcus Thomas Browne. St. p an. DouRY, — Rcor pdcus Yorke. Simlr ut in Quinn. Epus cfert, val. x\l. Vicarius, pfatus Hewett. ster. p an. KiLLEAGHTAS.— Rcor sepedcus Johes Yorke. Simlr ut in Quinn. Epus cfert, val. viil. Vicarius, Robt. Browne, ster. p an. Epus cfert, val. xl. Templemaly — Johes Yorke, sepedcus Rcor eide. Simlr ut ^^^'■■P^"- in Quinn. Ensyckonan. — Idem Yorke, Rector. Simlr ut in Quin. Comes Thomond, Vicarius, Johes Blagrave, pmentionatus. patron. Val. xxl. ■ P a^n. KiLLANUiiRYNEGALL. — Rcor dcus Yorkc. Simlr ut in Quin. Epus cfert, val. vil. Vicarius, pfatus Adreas Chaplein. ster. p an. DECANAT DE DRUMCLIFFE. Baro de Inchiquin, Dkumcliff. — Rector, Johes Andrew, antedcus. patronus. Val. xll. ster. p an. Epus cfert, val. xxxl. Vicari, Nicolaus Bright, predicator. ster. p an. Valor antea. KiLLMEALY. — Rectoria est pcella de Drumcliffe. Vicaria similiter. Epus cfert, vaL xxiiji. KiLLiNEBOY.— Rcor, Samuel Elliott, predicator. Epus cfert, vaiet xW. ^"P^^^^ ^^'^^^^^^^ ster. p an. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST, 163 Baro de luchequin, Ratu. — Rcor Andreas Gylliesaghta, predicator [now patron. Val. xvl. Lysaghtl. st. p an. J o J Epuscfert, vaL xl. st. Vicarius, Neptune Blood, predicator. p an. £pu8 cfert, val. xxviZ. DiSEKT. — Rector ^ ste. p an. et i Johes Twenbrooke, pdicator. Epus cfert, val. xxvil. Vicarius ) ster. p an. Epus cfert, val. 81. Kilnemona. — Rcor dcus, Jolies Twenbrooke. ster. p aa. Epus cfert, vaL 41. Vicarius, Gulielmus Planigan. St. p an Epus cfert, vaL x\l. KiLKEKDiE. — Rcor, Johes Cookeson, pdicator. St. p an. Epus cfert, val. xiij7. Vicarius, idem Johannes. St. p an. DECANAT DE TRADERIE. ToMENLOUGH. — Rector, Robt. Sibthorpe, antedcus. ^"would ^ejfpect^f an Omes Recorie prectan ad dcum Decanatie, valet Irish speaking clerk P an clZ. ster. for ^ Tomfinlough. Comes Thomonie, patronus. Epus cfert, vaL vl. Vicarius, Georgius South, ster. p an. KiLLENASALAGH. — Rcor, Robtus Sibthorpe, pdcus. Epus cfert, val. 141. Vicarius, Nathaniel Snow, predicator. ster. p an. KiLCONKiE.— Robtus Sibthorpe. Epus cfert, vaL 71. Vicarius, Andreas Chaplein. ster. p an. Clonloghane. — Recor, Robtus Sibthorpe, antedcus. Epus cfert, val. 81. Vicarius Snow, antedcus. ster. p an. Valor antea. Dkomline. — Rcoria spectat ptim ad mensam Epi. partim ad Rcorem de Traderie. Vicarius, Thesaurari Laonenis. BuNRATTiE. — Rcor, Robtus Sibthorpe. Epus cfert, val. 8/. p Vicarius, Thos Bennis, legit Hibnice. an. Fynnagh. — Rcor, Robtus Sibthorpe. Vicarius, Thos Bennis, antedcus. Val. SI. St. p an. Killagh. — Recoria ippriata possessa p Barone de Inchquin. Val. 41. ster. p an. Vicaria vacat. Valent 41. ster. p an- Inishdadkum. — Rectoria et Vicaria, spctat ad pcentore. num. KiiLMALEEY. — Rcor, Robt Sibthorpe, pdcus. Vicarius, Andreas Chaplein, pdcus. M 2 164 THE DIOCESE OF KILI,ALOE, ETC., IN THE DECANAT DE COKCKAYASKIN. Val. xl. St. p an. Clondigad. — Rcoria ippriata in possession Barony de Inchiquin. Epus cfert, val. \l. Yicari, Nicholaus Booth, pdcus. ster. p an. Val. xl. St. p an. KiLLCHRisT. — Ecoria ippriata possessa pComite Thomonie. Epus cfert, val. vl. st. Vicarius, Nathaniel Buckley, p an. [i.e., John's Church. KiLLONE. — Rcoria ippriata Monasterio de Killone possessa W. R.] p Baronem de Inchiquin. Val. xxl. ster. p an. Val. vil. ster. p an. Yicaria vacat. Imppriata ad dcu Barone de Inchi- quin. Val. 87. St. p an. KiLLFEADAN.--Rcoria ippriata possessa p Comite Thomonie. Epus^cfert, val. SI. st. Yicarius, Laurentius Boyt, pdicator. Val. 81. St. p an. Killafin. — Impropriata Ecoria ut supra. Epus cfert, val. 81. st. Yicarius, Laurentius Boyt. p an. KiLLMTJKEiE Clonderala. — Ecoria imppriata ad Comitem de Thomonia. Epus cfert, val. vi^. Yicarius, Thomas Tunsteed. St. p an. Val. xll. St. p an. KiLLMTJBRiE Ibrickane. — Ecoria impropriata ad Com Tho- monie. Yicaria vacat. KiLLEMtTBE. — Rcoria imppriata ad Comite Thomonie. Epus cfert, val. 81. st. Yicarius, Thomas Tunsteed. p an. Val. xxl. St. p an. KiLLLDiSART. — Ecoria ippriata ad Comite Thomonie. Comes (Quere, Eec- Yicaria vacat quo ad inductione. Nathaniel Buck- tius, Thomonie) -i Ormonie, patron. . , , . i • Valet xiijZ. ster. Yicari ibm nou mduct est ad vicaria. p an. Val. xviZ. ster. p an. KiLLMCDUAN.— Ecoria imppriata ad Comite Thomonie. ^^sterpan "^^^ Yicarius, Murtagh McConsiden, legit Hibnice. ^°tron^^°'val!^' 201. KiLLFARBOY. — Ecoria vacat p morte Eichardi Twisse. ster. p an. Ep 'cfert, val. vij?. Yicarius, Daniell McBrodin. ster. p an. Val. xyil. ster. p an. KiLLFEiRAGH. — Ecoria imppriata ad Comite Thomonie pparte. Epus cfert, val. 8?. st. Yicarius Nathaniel Buckley, antedcus. p an. KiLBALLinoNE. — Ecoria ps ad Coite Thomonie, ps ad pbenda ' de Tomgrency. Yicarius, Franciscus Menerell. RElGiV OF KING JAMES THE FIRST, 165 Val. xvl. St. p an. Killabd. — Ecoria imppriata ad Comitem Thomon. Ep cfert, val. 71. xs. Vicarius, Daniell McBrodin. st. p an. Val. xiij7. St. p an. MoYFARTA.— Ecoria imppriata ad Comitem Thomonie, Epus cfert, val. xl. st. Vicarius, Franciscus Menerell. p an. Val. xij7. St. p an. Killmihill. — Ecoria imppriata ad Comitem Thomonie. Epus cfert, val. 61. st. Vicarius, Murtagh McConsiden. p an. Valor antea. KiLLRUSH. — Ecoria integra est Pbenda de Iniskatty. Ecoria imppriata ad Comite Thomonie spectan. Val. 301. ster. p an. JSTathaniell Buckley, Curatus. Val. 20?. ster. p an. DECANAT DE OEMONIA SUPIOEI. aonach tepc. Epus Nenagh. — Ecoria imppriata in possessione Lewis Walsh, cfert, val. dl. ster. p Vicaria vacat. an. Valor antea. Kilkery. — Ecoria spectat ad Decanum Laonensem. Ballinacloghy. — Ecoria imppriata Monrio de Clonold pos- sessa p Walterum Cough. Vicaria spectan ad Decanu Laonensem. Val. 161. ster. p an. Lisbunny. — Ecria imppriata qua Lewis Welsh possidet. Epus cfert, vaL 81. st, Vicaria vacat. p an. VaL 301. st. p an. Killeneaffe. — Ecoria imppriata tenta p Gerrott oge Grace. Epus cfert, val. 201. Vacaria vacat. Antiquitus habebat Incumbentem St. p an. ibm. Val. xl. St. p an. DoLLA. — Spectat Eectoria ad mensam Epi Epus cfert, val. xvl. Vicaria vacat possessa per Barone de Inchiquin, St. p an. VaL xiil. st. p an. Killmore. — Eecoria spctat ad fabricam cancelli Eccie Cathlis Laonen vel ad mensam Epi. Epus cfert, val. xx?. Vicaria vacat possessa p Comite Ormon per pretextum P impropriationis ad monasteriu See Crucis ut dicr. Val. lil. St. p an. Dunamona. — Ecoria est partita equaliter inter Comitem Or- monie et Decanu et Caplum Laonen. Epus cfert. Vicaria vacat. Existens 3a ps qua Lewis Walsh het prextu ippriacois. Spctat ad monasteriu de Omagh in comitatu Limricensi ut dicitur. Val. xl. ster. p an. BuRGESBOGA. — Ecoria imppriata per Lewis Welsh. Epus cfert, val. 41. st. Vicarius, Gulielmus Keitson, V^*°'z t YouGHALLARA. — Ecoria est divisa in ijas ptes quar unam a . XV . st. p an. possidet Ecor de Moysea, alteram Decanus Epus cfert, vaL 6Z. St. autedcus. p an. Vicarius antedcus Keitson. 166 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Castletowne Arra. — Ector pfatus Johes Andrew, Vicarius, Eichardus Blagrave, pdicator. Epus cfert, val. x^. st. Balligribbon. — Ecor, Eobt. Cox. p an. Epus cfert, val. viZ. Yicaria vacafc. Possessa p Gerrott oge Grace colore St. p an. imppriacois. Spectat ad monasterium Sci Johes Johan2's"^°'w'^E ] "^^^^^ ^ Jerusalem alias Tyone [beside Nenagh. Val. 30?. ster. p an. Ballimacky. — Ecoria ippriata tenta p dcum Geraldu Grace. Spectaus ad Tyone pdict. Valor antea. Vicaria est mebru corpis Cancellariat qui vacat. Valor antea. Thome. — Ecoria Integra spctans ad cancellariatu antedcum ut ps eidem. Val. 301. St. p an. Ahanamela. — Econa ptinet ad sacrista Monasterii de Thome, imppriata tenta p Marcu McCrath de Bleane in com Tippary. Val. xl. star, p an. Vicaria vacat tenta p pdcu Marum ptextu imppriaeos spectan ad Thome predict. Val. 20Z. ster. p an. BuRiSNAFERNA. — Ecoria imppriata tenta p dcum Marcum. Val. 61. ster. p an. Yicaria vacat possessa p eude Marcu colore pdco. Valor antea. Lattragh. — Eectoria et vicaria, spectans ad dcum, Johem Andrew Prcentore. Val. xiil. St. p an. Templedebry.^ — Ecoria imppriata lenta p dcum, Geraldu Grace, spectan ad Tyone predict. Val. viiZ. St. p an. Vicaria vacat possessa p eundem. Val. xul. St. p an. KiLDERRYDAGROME. — Ectoria imppriata possessa p dcu, Marcum McCrath. Val. yil. St. p an. Vicaria vacat. Tenr p ipsu tanqua imppriata. DECANAT OEMONDICE INFEEIOEIS. Valor antea. Dromenebe. — Ecoria integra de corpore Decanat antedci. MoYSEA. — Hector, Gerrott Fitz Gerrot, predicator. Vicarius, Eicus Logan Artium Baccalars. Val. x\l ster. p an. KiLLODiEBNA.— Ecoria imppriata qua tenet, Gerrott oge Grace, pdcus. Val. 81. ster. p an. Vicaria vacat possessa p dcum Grace. Kneagh. — Ecoria imppriata possessa p Lewis Wilsh. Vicarius, Eichardus Logan, antedcus. [This an appropn of Owney, or Abington, in Co. Lime- ' rick, now Knigh ; but I find it spelt Cnoyagh. It's a very curious name. — W. E.] REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. VaL XX?. p an. Cloghapeiora. — Rcoria ippra quam tenet Dmns Gerrott oge Grace. Val. viiZ. St. p an. Vicaria eiusde vacate, dnus Grace prextu imppriacoia Val. 30?. st p an. KiLBAKEANE. — Rcoria ippiata qua dnus Comes de Corketenet. Epus cfert, val. xv?. Vicarius eide eccie, Edmundus Hurley. St. p an. Val. 16?. St. p an. Ardcrony. — Rcoria spectat ad mensa Epi. Epus cfert, val. vi?. st. Vicarius, Bryan McDonogh. p an. Epus cfert, val. 21. st. MoDRYNiTH. — Rector, Petrus Butler, p an. Epus cfert, val. x?. st. Vicarius, Gulielmus Caple, predicator. p an. Val XXX? st p an KiLLRUAN. — Rcoria ippiata tenet, Gerrot oge Grace pdcus. , , Idem het Vicaria vacante. V al. X?. star, p an. Epus cfert, val. xl. st. FYNouGH.-Rector, Peirce Butler antedictus. p an. Epus cfert, vaL v?. st. Vicarius eiusdem dictus Petrus Butler, p an. , , ^ Terotjglasse. — Rcoria est mebru de Fynogh, Val. X?. st. p an. . , ^ , . Vicana est de corpore Decanat pdci. V alor antea. Val. XX?. St. p an. Buriskeaxe. — Rcoria ippiata in possessoe Lewis Walsh. Epus cfert, val. vi?. Vicarius dee eccie, Gulielm Caple, antedcus. 6s. 8c?. St. p an. Ep cfert, val. 13? 13,. DuRRHO. — Rcor eide eccie Thos Bridgeman, studios in 4rf. collegio see Trinitatis, Dublin. Epus cfert, val. v?. st Vicarius, Robtus Sheepeley, pdicator. p an. Valor antea. BoNNAHAN. — Rcoria est pcella de Dun'ho predco. (Hanc ecciam multo labore hodie inveni. W.R.) Epus confert, valet Vicarius idem Sheepeley. iiij?. St. p an. Valor antea. LoRROGH. — Rcoria in ii j ptes diuisa quar una spctat ad Durrogh, pdicta altera ad rctoriam de Finogh. Valor antea. Vicaria | pcella Archinatus pdci. Valor antea. Egliscloghan. — Rcoria het ijas ptes diuisas quar alta ad Fynogh alta ad Durrogh spctat. Valor antea. Vicaria \ de Archinatu pdco. Val. 30?. St. p an. Ballingary. — Rcoria spctat ad pceptoria de Any. imppriata de hereditate dni Comitis Corcke. Epu3 cfert, val. xv?. Vicarius, Edmund Hurley, antedcus. St. p an. Valor antea. LocHAYN. — Rcoria | Pbenda, Pbedari Dionisius Gartbforth. Epus cfert, val. il. st. Vicari, ide Dionisi Gartbforth. p an. 168 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC, IN THE Val. X/. St. p an. UsGEANE.— Rcoria ippiata ad pceptoriam de Any. pred, in possessone dni Comitis de Corcke pdei. Epus cfert, val. iOl. Vicarius, pfat Dionisius Garthforth. St. p an. DECANAT' DE ELY CARROLL AND EGERIN. [Ely O'CarroU formerly belonged to Munster, and this is shown by its ecclesiastical location. But civilly it was transferred to King's Co. in Leinster, where it comprises the baronies of Ballybrett and Clonlisk. Egerin is Ikerin barony in Tijiperary. \V. K.] Val. d. St. p an. RoscEEA. — Rcoria vacat posscssa p Gerrott Grace, pdci taqua ippiata. 7s., the 20tli part paidc for this, and therefore not imppriat. Epus cfert, val. 251. Vicarius, Joscphus Clement. St. p an. Val. SOL St. p an. Etagii. — Rcoria imppriata in possessoe dci Gerrott. Epus cfert, val. xii^. Vicarius prefatus, Josephus Clement. St. p an. Epus cfert, valet il. FiNGLASsE. — Rctoria intega qua Cornelius oge o'Sherin, ster. p an. studios in collegio pdco tenet studendi gratia. Val. 201. St. p an. DuNKERRiN. — Rctoriam ippiatamhet pfat Grace. (Of/e in the former en- try is equivalent to junior. W. E.) ^„ . ^ r QX • Epus cfert, val. xl. Vicarius, Cornelius bnerm, senioi'. ster. p an. . . . -, ^ Valor antea Templehorry. — Ecoria ippiata tenet dnus Grace. Valor antea. Vicarius, pfatus Cornelius Sherin, tenet vicariam existente parcella vicarie de Dunkerrin pdeo. Val. 201. St. p an. Castletowne Ely. — Rcoria imppriata tener a deo Gerrot Grace Epus cfert, val. xl. st. Vicarius eiusdem Cornelius Sherin predictus. p an. Valor antea. Ramavyoge. — Rcoria imppriata hanc etiam het deus Grace. 8pcctat ad Dunkerrin. Valor antea. Vicaria est ppcella de Dunkerrin pdca ut dicitur. Val. 20Z. st. p an. Swinroane.— Rcoria est improimata. Het illam etiam dcus Grace. Spectat ad Tyone. Epus cfert, val. SI. st. Vicarius, Marmaduke Clapham, pdicator. p an. Epus cfert, val. xl. st. KiLLJruRRY. — Rector dcus, Clapham. p an. Epus cfert, val. \l. Idem, Claioham, Vicarius eiusdem. ster. p an. Epus cfert, val. St. KiLLCOMiN. — Rcoria integra, dcus Clapham -^incubeus P an, eidem. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 169 BiRRUA. — Eector, Thomas Heaton, pdicator. Vicarius eiusdem eccie, Eobertus Shepeley. Valor antea. KiLLCOLLMAN — Killcolman Rectoris est parcella Rectorie de Birrha. Epus cfert, val. xx?, Vicarius prefatus, Joseph Clement, ster. p an. Val. 201. ster. p an. Ahancon.— Rcoria imppiata possessa p Comitem Roscom- mon. Epus cfert, val. 201. Vicarius, Joseph Clement, pnominatas.' St. p an. Val. 61. St. p an. RoscoMROE. — Rcoria imppiata tenetur p Gerrofc Grace, pdcum. Epus cfert, val. 21. st. Vicarius, Thomas Smith, predicator. p an. [This is in Queen's Coy. W. R.] Val. 161. ster. p an. Clonfertmullogh. — Rcoria integi-a cuius incumbens est Epus confert. Johes Costigan. Epus cfert, val. il. st. LiTTERLUNA. — Rector, Johes Sterne, pdicator qui het una P*D' ptem eiusdem. Altera p.s-ippiata quam tenet Valet 61. 6s. 8d. st. p dmnus Comes de Roscomon. an. Epus confert, val. \l. Vicarius pefatus, Johes Sterne. St. p an. Epus confert, val. SI. KiNNEETY. — Rcoria dividitur, nichilominus Robtus She- ster. p an. peley qui unam partem habet tantum est rector. Val. x\l. ster. p an. Alteram ptem tenet Dnus Comes de Roscomon impropriator. Epus confert, val. xiji. Vicarius iben pfatus, John Sterne, ster. p an. BuRREN. — Rcoria imppiata spectat ad dnum Comm Ormonie. Vicarius, Thomas Smith. [i.^CuUCTiwaj^e, W. Quhlanean. — Rcoria imppiata possessa p sepedcum, Ger- p '^jj ' " ' raldu Grace. Val. xl. St. p an. Vicaria vacat tenta p ipsum. Val. 201. St. p an. *CARBULLy. — Rcoria impropriata in possessione predicti Comistes de Roscomon. Epus cfert, val. 201. Vicarius eiusdem eccie pfat, Joseph Clement. St. p an. Henricus Bridgeman, Norius. Pubcus., Registrarius. [* Corbally is Ihe parish where was the now dried lake of Loch Cre, which gives name to Ros-cre. In this lake was the celebrated Insula viventium, now Monaincha (Bog kland), of which the wonderful stories told of it in Giraldus' times, circ. the English conquest, are chronicled by him. W. K.] 170 THE DIOCESE OP KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE THE ROLL OF THE CLERGY. LAONENSIS DIOCESIS. 13 Martii juxta cursuni, cfcc, 1633. Cornelius O'Shebin, ordd deacon by John Bp. of Killaloe Oct. 25, 1613 ; ordd. priest by same May 1, 1614. Instituted to the Vicarage of Oastrum PhiUppi, orwise Castletown Ely (which vicarage the said Bishop, on account of their tenuity, united pro hac vice to that of Dunkerin), with mandate of induction. May 24, 1613. Inducted by George Andrewe, A.M., 20 July, 1614. Joseph Clement, Yicar of Roscrea, presented by Charles I. to the Vicarages of Killcollman, Ahyncon, and Corbally, jure devoluto, as by Letters Patent, Aug. 2 an. 3° ; which vicarage the King united propter tenuitatem pro hac vice. James Abp. of Armagh granted a faculty to hold same, dated Oct. 1, 1618. Thomas Smith, A.B., ordained deacon and priest by Thomas Bp. of Ferns and Leighlin, 21 May, 1625. Vicar of Roscomroe, admitted by John Bp. of Killaloe to the Vic. of Berrin, vacant by the free resignatn of Nathaniel Snow, last incumbt, with mandate of inductn. dated 26 Aug., 1629 (which vicarages the Bp. united propter tenuitatem). Inducted by Henry Bourman, Not. Publ., Archdeacon's Surrogate, Nov. 4, 1629. Brianus Brian, Clk., alumnus of T.C.D., ordd deacon by John Bp. of Killaloe, Feb. 11, 1620 ; and priest by same, Jan. 13, 1627. Instituted by same to Vic. of Ardcronie, with mandate of inductn dated Feb. 25, 1627. Inducted by said Henry Bourman Mar. 10, 1627. MuRTOGH McCoNSiDiN, iu re literaria studiosus, ordd deacon by John Bp. of Killaloe Sept. 10, 1617 ; and priest by same Aug. 9, 1618. Institd. to Vies, of Killmichill and Kilmaduan, with mandate of inductn. Oct. 6, 1617 (which vies, the Bp. united propter tenuitatem). Inducted by Cornelius McConsidin, Clk., June 13, 1618. Francisctjs Menerell, ordained deacon by Wm. Bp. of Ardfert and Aghadoe 20 April, 1633, and priest in same year. Instituted by Lewis, Bp. of Killaloe, to the Vies, of Moyfert, and Kilbalhyhone, with mandate of induction November 7, 1633 ; vacant by free resignation of Nicholas Bright, late incumbent, which vicarages the Bishop, propter tenuitatem, united. Inducted by Nicholas Booth, Clk., November 25, 1633. Laurentius Boyle, schoolmaster, ordained deacon by John, Bp. of Killaloe, August 9, 1618, and pi-iest August 16, 1618. Instituted by him to the Vies, of Kilfaddan and Killofin, with mandate of induction REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 171 August 30, 1614, which vies, the Bishop, propter tenuitatem, united. Inducted by Winter Bridgman, archdeacon's surrogate, January 12, 1618. Andreas Ltshaght, alumnus o£ T.C.D., ordained deacon by John, Bp. of Killaloe, August 23, 1618 ; and priest by same, September 14, 1623. Instituted by George Andrewe, A.M., Dean of Limerick, and Vicar- Gen. of John, Bp. of Killaloe, to the Eectory of Kathblanagh (now Rath, W.R.), with mandate of induction addressed to the Arch- deacon or John Twenbroke, Eect. of Disart, dated August 28, 1632. Inducted by Twenbrooke, !-'eptember 1, 1632. Mabmadtjctjs Clapham, ordained deacon and priest by Wm. Bp. of Kildare, November 4, 1616. Licensed to preach by Toby, Abp. of York, Jamiary 18, 1617. Instituted to Vic. of Swinroan, E. and V . of Killcummur and R. of Kilmurrye, by John, Bp. of Killaloe, with mandate of induction dated February 22, 1622. Which Eect. and Vic. the Bp., propter tenuitatem, united pro hac vice. Inducted by Wm. Caple, the archdeacon's sub- stitute, April 26, 1627. Daniell M. Beodin, schoolmaster, ordained deacon, by John, Bp. of Killaloe, AprU 20, 1628, and priest, by same, April 4, 1624. Instituted by him to Vies, of Killardagh and Killfarboy, with man- date of inducn dated April 18, 1623, united propter tenuitatem. Inducted by Winter Bridgman, the archdeacon's official. May 7, 1623. Cornelius Sherin, jun., in re literaria studiosus, collated by Geo. Andrew, A.M., D.V.P., Dean of Limerick, and Winter Bridgman, Esq., Commissioner of Malcolm, Archbishop of Oashel, to exercise ti'iennial visitation in Killaloe (in 1627), to the entire Eec. of Fiuglasse, now void of incumbent, and to the Abp's collation by lapse devolved, with seven years' dispensation to study in T.O.D. or any other public school where the royal injunctions are observed, with mandate to Thos Lodge, Archdeacon of Killaloe, or substitute, to induct said Cornelius, dated Nov. 29, 1627. Inducted by Henry Bourman, official of Thos. Lodge, Archdn. Laonen. Nov. 30, 1627. NiCHOLATJS Bright, clericus, ordaind deacon and priest, by John, Bp of Gloucester, in 1600. Instd. by Jno., Bp. of KiUaloe, to Vice, of DrumclifEe als Icormach, vac. by resign, of George Andrew, last incumb., with mandate of in- ductn. Oct. 17, 1629. Inducted by Henry Bourman, Surrog of Archdn. Laonen. Nov. 10, 1629. Thomas Tunsteede, Cler. A.B., vicar of the united vicarges of Kilmui'ry, Clonderala, and Killemur, ordained deacon and priest by Thos., Bp. of Lichfield, collated to the vies, by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, united under his epal seal. Inducted Aug. 5, 1633, as proved by certi- ficate dated Mar. 13, 1633. 172 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE HoBERTUs Challinor, studiosus, ordd. deacon by Jiio., Bp. of Kil- laloe, 24 June, 1621 ; and priest by same, 29 Sep. ,1622. Inst, by him to Vic. Kilmanleigh, vac. by resign, of Nathaniel Snowe last vie. with mandate for inductn. dated 13 Nov., 1629. Induct, by Thos. Lodge, Archdn. of Killaloe, 22 Novr., 1629. Edwarbtjs Fennor, Cler. Verbi Div. Predicator, instd. by Lewis, Bp. of Killaloe,! to Vic. Ogonila, vac. by resignat. of Thomas Ayres, last incumbent, with madate for inductn. dated 10 March, 1633. Instituted by same Bp. to Vic. of Templemalie, vac. by death of Eichard Walker, last Incumbent, with mandate for induct, dated 6 May, 1633. Inducted by Jno. Twenbrooke, Clk., 19 May, 1633. Robert Cox, Clk., ordd Deacon by John, Bp. of Waterford and Lismore, 25 July, 1615. And Priest by same Bp., 7 April 1616. Instituted by Jno, Bp of Killaloe to R. and V. of Balligibbon, with mandate for indue, 13 Jan., 1620 (said R. and V. united by Bp. propter exilitatem, &c.). Inducted by Winter Bridgman, offic. of Archn, Feb. 9, 1620. Thomas Bridgman, in ro literaria studiosus, instd by Jno, Bp. of Killaloe, to Rect of DmTogh, vac. by deprivat. of Daniel O'Brian, Clk., last incumbt. ; studendi gratia, with mandate of inducn dated 19 April, 1628. Inducted by Henry Bounnan, surrogate of Archn, June 4, 1628. Wm. Flanigan, Clk., institut by Lewis, Bp of Killaloe, to Vic. of Kilnemone, vacant by cession of Jno Twenbrooke, last incumbt, with mandate of inducn dated 18 Oct., 1633. Inducted by Nichs Booth, clk., by mand. of Archdn. Lodge, 15 Nov., 1633, Hugo Powell, Clk., admitted by Jno, Bp. of Kilfenora, to the Arch- deaconry and a Canonry in the Cath. Church of St. Fecknan of Kelfenora, and to the R. and V. of Rathborny, Oghmama, Killmacree, Kilmanaheen and Kilespughanan, Kilfenore dioc, with mand. to Dean of Killaloe to induct and install ; which vicarages and Archdeaconry, propter tenuitatem, the Bp. united into one benefice, Jan. 17, 1628. Installd in Archdeaconry by Hygatus Lone, Dean of Kilfenora, &c., 18 Jan., 1618. Admitted to the ord. of Priest by Bernard, Bp. of Limerick and Kilfenora, Aug. 2, 1616. Edmund Hurley, studiosus, ordd. Deacon by Jno Bp. of Killaloe Sept. 30, 1621, and Priest by same 28th Oct. Inst, to V. of Kilbarrane, vac. by resignat, promon, deprivan, or cessn of Richard Bourke, last incumb., with mandate of inducn dated 23rd Dec. 1622. Inducted by Winter Bridgman, Official of Ai'chdn, Dec. 27, 1622. Instd. by same Bp to Vic. of Ballingarrie, with mandate of inductn, also uniting the two benefices propter exilitatem, Aug. 9, 1630. Inductd by Hen Bourman, Surrogate of Archdn. Aug. 10, 1630. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST, 173 John Andrew, A.B., ordd. Deacon and Priest 22 Nov. 1629, by John Bp of Killaloe. Instd by him to Rect. of Castletowne Arra, simplex beneficium vac. by resignn of Daniel Kenedaie, last Incumb, with man- date of inducn. dated 14 Feb. 1623. Inducted by Geo. Andrew, Clk., A.M., 21 Feb. 1623. Instd to Precentorship in Cath. Ch. of S. Flannan of Killaloe by Geo. Andrew, M.A., Dean of Limerick, Vicar Gen. of the Bp of KiUaloe, with mandate of installatn. 12 Jun. 1632. Installed by Thos. Lodge, Archdn., 19 Jun. 1632. Instituted by James Abp of Armagh to the Rectory of Drumcliff, with mandate of Induction dat. 15 Dec. 1683, on presentation by King Charles by two Let. Pat. dat Dec. 13. ano. 9°. Thomas Aires, pedagogus, ordd Deacon by Jno Bp. of Killaloe 29 Jun. 1628. Priest by same 12 April, 1629. Instituted by same to Vies of Ogonola and Killnoe, vact. by resignan. of Robert Challenor, last incumb., with mandate of inducn. dated June 30, 1628. United by Bp. propter tenuitatem. Inducted by Henry Bourman, July 2, 1628. Richard Wilkins, A.M., ordd Deacon by George Bp. of London 4 March, 1609, and Priest by same on same day. Instd. by Jno Bp. of Killaloe to Vic. of Killuran, vact by cessn. or deprivn. of Wm. Donnellan, clk., last Incumb., with mandate for inducn. dat. 5 Jan. 1622. Inducted by "Winter Bridgman, Archdns Official, Feb. 1623. CoUat and instit by same Bp. to Preb. of Tomgreney in Ec. Cathl. Flanain of Killaloe, vacant by death of Barnard, late Bp. of Limerick (1625-6), with mandate to the Dean of Killaloe or other Cathe- dral prelate to install same, 28 March, 1626. Installd by Daniel Kennedaie, Clk, Precentor, &c., 8 April, 1626. Nathaniel Snowe, A.B., ord Priest (and previously Deacon) by John Bp of Killaloe. Inst, to Vies of Killeneasolagh and Clonloghane, with mandate of inducn dated Jan. 10, 1630. Vicarage united propter exili- tatem. Inducted by Henry Boui-man 13 Jan. 1631. Nathaniel Buckley, A.M., ord Deacon by Thos. Bishop of Peter- borough 24 Feb. 1617 ; and Priest by John Bp. of London, 23 May, 1619. Instd. to Vic. of Kilfieragh, with mand. of inducn. 15 Oct. 1627 ; in- ducted by Henry Bourman 15 Nov. 1627. Inst, by Lewis Bp. of Killaloe to the Vies, of Kill-christ and Kille- disert, with mandate of induction 13 Sep. 1633. Vicarages united pter exilitatem. Georgius Souch, Cler., ordained Priest by Wm. Bp of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross (previously ordd Deacon by Jno Bp of Killaloe) Aug 6, 1616. Inst, by Jno Bp of Killaloe to Vic. of Clonlea with mand. of inducn Jan 15, 1617. Said Vicarage united to Vic. of Tomfinloch, propter exili- tatem. Inducted by Andrew, Chapleine, Clk, Vic. of Killfinaghta, 23 Jan. 1617. 174 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE The Dean and Chapter confirmed the said union of Clonfinloe and Clonlea, Jan. 16, 1617. (Quere for Clonfinloe, Tomfinloe. P. D.) Thomas Browne, Clk., A.B., ord Deacon by Francis Bp of Limerick 15 April, 1632 ; and Priest by same on same day. Instd by Geo. Andrew, Official of Jno Bp. of KiLaloe, to the Vies, of Quinn and Clonic, with man- date of inducn. April 20, 1632. Said Vicarages united by sd Andi-ew ppter tenuitatem. Inducted by Heri. Bourman, 21 April, 1631. Thomas Lodge, Acad. Oxonien Studen, ordained Deacon by Bernard Bp Limerick 2 May, 1620, and Priest by same 6 May, 1.620. Said Thos Lodge, A.B., Div. Verb. Pred. coll and inst. to Archdeaconry with mandate of installn. 27 Feb. 1624. Installed by Jno Blagrave, Clk, 13 July, 1625. James Abp of Armagh granted him a dispensn to hold with his Archdeaconry two other benefices, 20 May, 1625. JosEPHUS Clement, Studiosus, ordained Deacon by John Bp of Killaloe 13 Aug. 1620 ; and Priest by same, 4 March, 1620-21. Instd to Vies, of Koscrea and Etagh, with madate of inducn., and union of the Vicarages ppter tenuitatem 25 Feb. 1621. Inducted by Winter Bridgcman, 1 March, 1621. Instd by same Bp to the Vies of Killcoleman, Ahyncon, and Corbally on presn. of King Charles by Let. Pat. of 2d Aug., 3d year with mandate of inducn 24 Oct. 1627. Inducted by Eobert Grey, Clk., 5 Nov. 1627. Robert Sheplye, A.B., ordained Deacon and Priest by Willm. Bp. of Kildare 13 Jun. 1617. Inst, by John Bp Killaloe to Vies, of Birrah, Durrogh, and Bon- noghan, vacant by resign, of Samuel Honie, Clk., last incumbt., with mand. of inducn. 28 Oct. 1623. "Which Vies, of Birrah and Durrogh the Bp united to the Vic. of Bonnoghan nomine unius beneficii. In- ducted by Marmaduke Clapham, Clk., 30 Oct. 1623. Instd. by same Bp. to Eect. of Kinuettie, vac. by resign, of Nathaniel Buckley, Clk , last incumbent, with mand. of inducn 9 Feb. 1627. In- ducted by Wm. Wynell, Clk., 11th Feb. 1628. Andreas Chaplein, Clk., ordd. Priest by Jno. Bp. of Killaloe 18 March, 1613. Said Andrew Vicar of Kilfinaghta was instituted by said Bp. to Killmurrinagall, with mand. of inducn. 21 March, 1613. Which Vicarage the Bishop united pro hac vice with that of Kilfinaghta. In- ducted by Winter Bridgman, Official of the Archdn., 26 April, 1614. King Charles, by Lett. Pat., dated at Dublin, 8th July, an. 7, pre- sented said Andrew to the Vies, of Kilconrie and Kilmalerie, vacant by lapse, with mandate to institute ; which vicarages the King united pro hac vice with the first named two. Inst, by Geo. Andi-ew, Dean of Limerick, official of Bp. of Killaloe, to Vies, of Kilconrie and Killmalcere, with mandate of inducn. 22 Oct., 1622. Inducted to same by Hen. Bourman, surroge. of archdn., 7 Nov., 1631. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 175 DiONisius Gaktfoetu, sclioolmaster, oi-d. Deacon by Johu, Bp. of Killaloe, 4 Oct., 1618 ; priest, by same, 25th Oct., 1618. Instituted by same to Vicarages of Lockeine and Uskean, with man- date of inducn. 1 Oct. 1618. Vies, united pro hac vice propter tenui- tatem. Inducted by Patrick the Archdn, Oct. 31, 1618. Collated to preb. of Lockeine, vacant by resign, of George Andrew, last incumb. With mandate to instal. 31 Oct., 1620. Installed by Hugh Hogan, Dean of Killaloe, Jan. 31, 1620. Johannes Twenbrooke, ord. Deacon by "William, Bp. of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, 19 July, 1615 ; priest, by same, 2nd April, 1616. Inst, by John, Bp. of Killaloe, to Eec. and V. of Killenamona, vacant by deprivan. of Richard "Walker, Clk., last Incumbt., with mandate of induction 12 Jan., 1622. Inducted by Rich. "Walker, clerk, 27 March, 1623. King Charles, by Let. Pat., 18 May, an. 1, granted to said John, B.A., the Archdeaconry of St. Feeknan, of KiKenora ; also Rectoiy of Disert, in dioc. Killaloe, vac. per lapse, with mandate to James, Abp. of Ai-magh, to admit same, with mandate of installan. The King uniting the Arch- deaconry with Eec. Disert pro hac vice propter tenuitatem. Instit. in Archdeaconry and Rectory by Malcolm, Abp. Cashel, with mandate of installan 21 May, 1625. Inducted and installed by Hygate Lone, Dec Feneboren, &c., 2 June, 1625. Institud by Jno, Bp. Killaloe, in preb. of Dysert, with mandate of installan 10 May, 1628. Installed by Daniel Kennedaye, Precentor, 6 Aug., 1628. Admitted and institut by Geo. Andrew, Dean of Limerick, to Vic. of Dysert, vac by resignan of Andrew McGillishaghta, elk, last incumbent, with mandate of induction 8 Aug., 1632. Inductd by Henry Bourman, 14° Aug., 1632. James, Abp. Armachan, granted letters dispensatory to hold the Rects of Killenamona and Disert, also Prebend ot same and Vicarage of Disert, Nov. 9, 1632. "William Cox, Student of College of All Souls, Oxon, ordd Deacon by Jno, Bp of Killaloe, 20 April, 1623, and Priest by same, 27 April, 1623. Francis, Bp. of Limerick, admitted same "Wm. tobe one of his Chaplains, 10 Feb., 1630. Inst, by Jno, Bp. of Killaloe, to Vies of Killokenedy and Killteeleigh, vacant by the free resignan of Richard "Wilkins, clk., last incumbent, with clause of union and mandate for inducn 5 Aug., 1628. Inducted by Henry Bourman, Ai-chdn's Surrogate, Aug. 6, 1628. James, Abp Armagh, granted dispensan to him to hold the Vicarage of Mungiet, in Limer. dioc, with the Vies of Kilteely and Killokennedy, 8 July, 1633. JoHES CooKEsoN, B.A., Ordained Deacon and Priest by John, Bp of Lincoln, 5 March, 1625. Instituted by Lewis, Bp. of Killaloe, to the E. and V. of Killkeedie, vacant by the death, cession, and deprivan of Richd. "Walker, last incumb, with mandate of inducn May 11, 1633. 176 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE Nicholas Booth, Clk, inst. by Jno, Bp. of Killaloe, to the Vic. of Clondegad, vac. by the volunty resignan of Eugene Pritchard, Clk., last incumbt, with mandate of inducn 28 March, 1621. Inducted by Johne Twenbrooke, Clk, 6 April, 1G21. Johannes Sterne, Clk., A.M., inst. by Lewis, Bp. of Killaloe, to E. and V. of Litter] une, and V. of Kinneetie, with mandate of inducn. 13 May, 1633, said vicarages united propter tenuitatem. Inducted by Henry Bourman, 3 July, 1633. Edwaedus Fenner, schoolmaster, ordd. Deacon by Jno., Bp. of Kil- laloe, 1 Jan., 1619 ; and priest by same, 6 Jan., 1619. Samtjell Elliott, Clk., A.B. Instit. by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, to R. of Killenboy als Killeneboy, on presentatn. of King Charles by Let. Pat. 22 Jun. An. 2, with mandate of inductn. 17 Jun., 1626. Inducted by Archdn. Thos. Lodge, Nov. 7, 1626. WiLLMTJS Hewett, Ordained Priest by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, 12 April, 1618. Inst. by same to Vies, of Dowrie and Tullagh, with mand. of inducn. and clause of union ppter tenuitatem, 11 Dec, 1624. Induct, by Winter Bridgman, 6 Jan., 1624. Coll. and inst. by same Jno. to Preb. of Tullagh, vac. by death of Robert Bridgman, last incumbt., with mandate to Richard Hackett, Dean of Killaloe, to install., July 12, 1627. Installd. by Danl. Keneday, precentor, 13 July, 1627. Neptunus Blood, Clk., ord. Priest by Francis, Bp. of Limerick, 18 March, 1632. Instit. by George Andrewe, suiTogate of Lewis of Killaloe dioc, to Vic. of Rathblanaghe, with mandate of induction 22 Sep., 1632. Inducted by Henr. Bourman, 7 Oct., 1632. Coll. and inst. by James, Bp. of Kilfenora, to the Precentorship of Kilfenora, with mandate for installn. Nov. 4, 1632. Installd. by Hegatius Lowe, Decan., 5 Nov., 1632. Inst. by Lewis, Bp. Laonen, to Vic. of Killinaboy, vac. by deprivn. of Dermot Nestor, last incumbent, with mandate for inducn 2 May, 1633. Clause of union of Vies. Killinaboy and Rathblanaghe. Inducted by Henry Bourman, 26 May, 1633. Johannes Blageave, Clk., ordd. Deacon by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, 19 April, 1629 ; priest by same, 2 May, 1630. Inst. by Jno., Bp. Killaloe, to Rect. o Mullead, vac. by resign, of Richard Fuller, last inct., with mandate of inducn. June 15, 1631. Induct, by Archdn. Thos. Lodge, 6 June, 1631. Instd. by Geo. Andrewe, Vicar-Gen. in Spirituals of said Bp., to Vic. of Insicronane, vac. by deprivan. of Wm. Danaye, last incumb., with mandate of inducn. 3 Oct. 1683. Induct, by Archdn. Thos. Lodge, 7 Nov. 1633. RickAEDTJS Baenes, literatus, ordd. Deacon by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, 6 July, 1628 ; and priest, by same, Nov. 30, 1628. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 177 Instit. by said Bp. to the Vies, of Moyno and Clonrush, vac. byresign. of Nathanl. Snow, elk., last incumb., with mandate of inducn. 10 Jan., 1630 ; said viearages united by Bp. Inducted by Henry Bourman, the archdn's official, 16 Jan., 1630. Thomas Bennis, Clk., ord. Deacon by John, Bp. of Kilfenora, 9 Dec, 1621 ; and priest, by John, Bp. of Ardfert and Aghadowe, 24 July, 1626. Inst, by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, to the Vies, of Bonratty and Finnaugh, with mandate of inducn. and clause of union 19 Oct. 1624. Inducted by Winter Bridgman, arehd's official, 26 Oct., 1624. -WiLLus Reitson, pedagogus, ord. Deacon by Jno., Bp. of Killaloe, 29 June, 1628 ; and priest, by same. May 31, 1629. Inst, by said Bp. to Vies, of Bui-gesbege and Yoghallarra, with mandate of inducn. and clause of union, June 30, 1628. Inducted by Archdn. Thos. Lodge, 8 July, 1628. WiLLMUS Capl^;, A.B., ord. Deacon and Priest by Thomas, Bp. of Bath and Wells, 29 March, 1609. Inst, by John, Bp. of Killaloe, to Vies, of Modrinith and Buriskean, with mandate of inducn. June 30, 1620, with clause of union propter tenuitatem fructuum. Inducted by Winter Bridgman, official of the Archdeacon of Kil- laloe. (Total 46 incumbents. P. D.) FENEBORENSIS DIOCESIS. APUD KILLALOW. 14" Martii, 1633, Epatus Fenehorensis, al. x\l. St. Eccia Cathlie Sci Feenani. Decern Canonie portiones spectan. al. xl. Decanus. Higatus Loue, Clicus predicator. al. ivl. p an., epus Precentor. Neptunus Blood, Clicus predicator. confert. al. ixl. at., epus con- Cancellarius. Patricius Lisaght in Artt. Bac. predicator. fert. aL 8Z., epus confert. Thesaurarus. Nehemias o Daveron. al xl., epus confert. Archideaeanat. Andreas Lisaght in Ai'tt. Baccs. predicator. al. IZl. 13«. id. KiLLYDEA. — Rector, Daniel Lisaght in Artt. Mag. predicator. al. 61. 13s. 4d, epus Vicar eiusdem Owen Nelane. Nullus Curatus. confert. iL xiiZ.pan. Dnus KiLLMOONiE. — Rector Daniel Lisaght in Artt. Magr. Baro de Inchiquin. il. 71. p an., epus Vicarius eiusdem Owen Nealne Clericus. confert. KiLLMACREE. — Rectoria spectat Archidiacono. il.vii.,epus confert. Vicarius eiusdem Owen Nealne. N 178 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE KiLLMANYiiEENE. — Eectoria spectat Ai'chidiacono. Val. 50s. ster., epits. Yicarius Hugo Powell Clericus. KiLTOWEAGH. — Capcllauiis spectat Decano. Cloney. — Eectoria spectat Decano. Val. 509. p an., epns Vicarius Patricius Lisaght. confert. KiLLENY. — Rectoria spectat Cancellario. Val. 40s., epus cfert. Vicarius Gillykally o Hickye Clericus. Valent x?. KiLLONGGHANE.— Eector Nebemias o Daveran Tlicsanr. Epus cfert. Vicarius eiusdem Nehemias o DaTeron. Eathbgrny. — Eector Netemias o Daveron, Valent xii?., epus Vicarius eiusdem Nehemias o Daveron. cfert. Glan Inagh. — Eectoria spectan Decano. Val. 13s. id., epu3 Vicarius Gillykally 6 Hickye. confert. Cromylytjn. — Eectoria spectan Decauo. Vicaria vacat. KiLKOONEY. — Eectoria spectat Cancellario. Val. 40s., epus con- Vicaria spectat Cancellario pdicto. fert. Val. xl. Dnus Baro Cakxe.— Eector Hygatus Laue Decanus. de Inchiquin, pa- tronus. Val. 5?., epus confert. Yicar eiusdem Johcs Lone minoi-i studendo gratia. Epus confert. Drojickee. — Eector Nehemias o Daveron. Epus confert. Vicarius eiusdem Nehemias o Daveron. Kogiiaval. — Eectoria spectan Precentor. Val. iiijZ. p an., epus Vicarius Patricius Lisaght. cfert. Baro de IncLiquin. KiLSUsnoNNUY.— Impropr. Curatum Gillykully 6 Hicky 15?. p an. habet stipendium decim unius Car.rucat terre que valent communibus annis 13s. ster. Dictus Bai-o. Monasterium Corcomroe. Impropr. Curatus. Gillykully 6 Hicky. 30s. stipendium. FENEBORENSIS DIOCESIS. Decimo quarto Maiiii, 1633. EuGENiTJS Ne ALAND, in re literaria studiosus, ordained Deacon by Jno. Bp. of Killaloe,27 April, 1617, and priest by same 5 Oct., 1617. King Cliai-les, by Let. Pat. 8 Aug. an. 5tli, presented said Eugenius to the Vies, of Came and KillinCrihy, vacant by lapse, with mandate for institun., uniting them propter teuuitatem to Killeisagh and Kilmoon, REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 179 which said Eugenius possesses. Instituted to W. of Carnc, Killiu Crihy, Killeilagh, aud Kilmoone by Pat. Gilliesaghta, Chancellor of Kilfenora, 17 Sept., 1629. Inducted into same by Daniel Gilliesaghta, rector of Killielsaght, 19 Sept., 1629. Daniel Gilliesaghta, A.M., ordd. Deacon by Jno. Bp. of Kilfenora, 23 Aug., 1618, and priest by same, same day and year. Instd. by sd. Bp. to RR. of Killeilagh and Kilmoone, vac. by resignan of Richd. Walker, last incumbt., with mandate of iuduu. to Hygate Loue the Dean, Nov. 23, 1620. Inducted by Eugene Nelland, vicar of Killen, 28 Dec, 1620. Andreas McGillisagiita, Clk., A.B., admitted by James, Bp. of Kil- fenora, to the Archdeaconry in Ec. Cath. S. Feckenani Fineboren, vacant by the voluntary resignan. of John Twenbrooke, Clk., last incum- bent, with mandate for installn. 3 Oct., 1632. Installed by Hygatus Loue, Clk., Dean, Nov. 6, 1632. Pateicius Lyshaght, A.B., ordd Deacon by Lancelot, Abp. of Dublin, 23 April, 1623 ; and Priest by Roland, Bp. of Kilmaduagh and Clonf ert, 27 Nov. 1624. Institut. by Christopher [Hampton], Abp. of Armagh, to the Chan- cellorship of Kilfenora and Vicarages of Nuoghvaile, Cloney, and Kill- corney, vac. by lapse, on persentan. of King James, with mandate of inducn. and installan., uniting sd Vicarages and Chancellorship by patent propter tenuiatem, 19 May, 1623. InstUd. by Hygatus Loue, Dean, 26 June, 1625. HiGATUS Loue, ordd Deacon by Bernard, Bp. of Limerick and Kil- fenoi'a, 3d Deo. 1615, and Priest by same 3 Feb. 1615, King James by Lett. Pat. dated at Dubl. 2d June, an. reg. 15, granted to same Higatus, Clk., the Deanery of Kilfenora and Rectory of Carund, vacant by lapse, which Deanery and Rectory the King united under the name of one benefice 20 Jim., an. regni 15. Inducted and installed by Jno. Bp. of Kilfenora, Nov. 11, 1617. Johannes Loue, studiosus, instit by Jno. Bp. of Kilfenora to the perp. Vic. of Came als Carund, vacan studendi gratia, with mandate to the Archdn. to induct, Oct 31, 1620. Inducted by his proxy Hygatus Loue, Dean, Jan. 1, 1620. Gilliquilles O'Hickie, ordd Deacon by Jno. Bp. of Kilfenora, 19 Oct. 1618, and Priest by same 18 April, 1620. Instit. by James, Bp. of Kil- fenora, to Vies, of Killerea and Glanninafuagh, with clause of union ppter tenuitatem. Inducted by Andrew Gillisaghta, Clk., Oct. 10, 1632. Admitted by same Bp. to serve the cures of Kilshany and Corkamroe, 5 July, 1630. N 2 180 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE The successor of Bislioj) John Rider now appears at the head of the Diocesan affairs. The good Bishop's earnest wish and urgent letter in behalf of his old and worthy friend, Dean Andrewe, proved ineffectual. And the Diocese lost as a head a learned and good man, who was both an able administrator and intimately acquainted with the special Diocesan require- ments. It was charged as a fault of his — that he was " a Church and Cathedral man." Enough, that another Dean was appointed to the position, of whom the following is recorded : — Lewis Jones was a native of Merionethshire in Wales, and was educated in Oxford. He has been already noticed in these pages as Dean of Cashel, under Archbishop Miler Magrath (that disgrace of the Protestant Church in Ireland). Although he made an arrangement, if not corrupt, at least extremely weak, about his Decanal revenues to the vast advantage of the voracious Archbishop's son, yet Archbishop Usher very warmly recommended him. On the other hand, he had been accused to Parliament of being a favourer of the Scotch Covenanters, and was censured by the High Commission Court. Any how he is made Bishop, in succession to Dr. John Rider, in 1633, "with a clause enabling him to take other livings in com- mendam (except the Deanery), and with power to exchange what he hath." (Lib mun Hib.) As the principal question of interest associated with Bishop Jones relates to the age at which he died, with other matters in connection, it may be pardonable to give the different con- clusions arrived at on the subject. In Harris Ware " it is stated that he died in the 104th year of his age." On the other hand, Dr. Cotton asserts " that this must be erroneous, for if the Bishop's age be correctly stated, he must have been upwards of ninety years old at his consecration. Unfortunately the parish register of St. Wer- burgh's does not extend so far back, and no monument of him is found there. But this error is (thinks Dr. Cotton) satisfac- torily corrected by Archbishop Usher, who in a letter to Bishop Laud, dated May, 1629, recommends Dean Jones very strongly for the vacant ArchbishojDrick of Cashel, and describes him as being then sixty-nine years old. If so, he was born in 1560, and at his death, iu 1646, would be eighty-six years of age. REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST. 181 (See Tanner's MSS., 461, in Bodleian Library, Oxford.)" So far Dr. Cotton. There is a difference between Ware and Dr. Cotton of eighteen years about the age at which Bishop Jones died in 1G46. On the other hand, as to AVare's version being the correct one, it may be submitted, 1st, that this age is printed in "Ware's book by the Bishop's own grandchildren, who could hardly allow to be published an incorrect account of their grandfather's age, to whom they curiously allude as printers of his life, and as the offspring of his eldest son. Then, 2nd, as to Archbishop Usher's statement of his age, in the letter of 1629, it must be remarked that Bishop Laud, writing in June, 1629, to Usher, calls this very Jones, in a very sly pointed way, " the old Dean." (See Parr's Usher, p. 409.) Further, if in 1629 Jones was only sixty-nine years of age, he must have been in 1615 only fifty-five. Now, is there any standard for measuring his age in this year ? The Regal Visitors of Cashel in this \Qxy year in a solemn official declaration pronounce Jones "a decrepid old ma?e," and at fifty-five (?). Surely then, with Jones' own grandchildren, Bishop Laud, the Boyal Commissioners, and Ware all on the one side. Archbishop Usher, though so eminent a master of chronology, must be considered misinformed for once in his life on a question of antiquity. On the other hand comes the fact of the epithet " vivacious " being applied to the uxorious Bishop. This is a question for physiologists. The age of Bishop Jones at his death having been discussed, his will, as extracted from the Record Office, is now given. And those who have a persuasion that the Bishops of Killaloe in those days were a kind of godless infidels or English police, who lived only to amass wealth and to oppress the poor, may learn something of the real facts of the case and the true character of the man. Tracings of this and of the other suc- ceeding Bishops' autographs, taken by the kind permission of the Deputy Registrar, have been given in fac simile elsewhere. Bishop Le-svis Jones' Will. In the name of Grod Amen. I Lewis Lord Bp. of Killaloe, sick in body but of perfect understanding and memory, do make my last will and test in manner and form following. 1. I commit my soulc to Almighty God my Maker and "Redeemer, and my body to the earth whence it was taken. I bequeath all my lands to ray grandchild Lewis J ones. I bequeath to ray sou Michael Dore wkat 182 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE he owetli mo besides my lands in Cloon Kezwell, which I have given him. I do bequeath to my son Oliver Jones (besides what I have already given him in lands and otherwise) £50 which is to be paid unto him out of my debts as they shall be recovered. I have already given my son Ambrose Jones £100 for his portion. I bequeath to my son Theophilus Jones (besides £110 which he hath already received) £50 which is to be paid unto him out of my debts as they shall be recovered. I bequeath to my daughter Alice £50 to be paid out of my debts when recovered. I Ijcqucath to my daughter Mary Elliott £50 which Croker {?) lliUon oweth me. I bequeath to my daughter Sarah Jones to be paid out of debts when, &c. I bequeath unto Catherine Fowler £5 and to Anthony Gosford my servant £5, which sums out of debts, &c. I leave to bo distributed among the poor Protestants 40s. Comerford oweth me £150 0 0 Cahill O'Matigan (?), &c 249 0 0 John Gate, of Templemore 72 0 0 Donogh O'Kennedy 158 0 0 John White and Mrs. Bouseman 4 0 0 (For Michaelmas rent 1641.) Thos. McGonner Clythe 3 0 0 John McGheedy, of Kilcredane 8 10 0 Sir Danl. O'Brien two Bonds of 1100 0 0 (Are in Mr. Moley the attorney's hands. The debt is recovered in King's Bench.) Jno. McLoughlin 4 0 0 £1748 10 0 I loft with Jno. McLoughlyn nine bullocks, some brasse (?), house- hold stuffo, and half a garnish of pewter to be kept for me. I left like- wise with Tcigo McLoughlin sixteen cows, and nine garrans. I left likewise with Darljy Meehau some cadowes (?) and household stuff. I do hereby revoke all former wills and tests and do declai'e this to be my last will and test. I do appoint my son Henry Jones and my grand- child Lewis exors of my last will and test. In witness whereof I have hereunto put mine hand and seal this 10 June, 1646. Present, &c. Hen. Glogher, Dr. Garforth, Hen. Darragh. It will be observed that the Bishop calls his children in this document by the name Jones, not Jaiins or Jahnncs. This is a mere fancy of a writer in the Kilkenny Archaeological, p. 149, without any foundation except the existence of a monument in Killaloc of a recent date relating to quite a different family. CHAPTER VI. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE IN THE REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. The demise of BisHop Rider, and the appointment of his successor, Dean Jones, are the events of importance taking place at the commencement of this reign, a reign so fruitful of sorrow and of change. "Whatever may have been the sins, errors, or misfortunes of King Charles I. and his Irish Executive in the conduct of the secular affairs of that part of the King's dominions, there can be no doubt that their intentions were friendly to the Church, and their action in some respects advantageous. " The principal Irish statutes relating to ecclesiastical subjects that were passed during the reign of King Charles I. were few and unimportant. They are as follow : — I. Stat. 10 Car. I., chap. 21, Sess. 2, for the restraining of all persons from marriage until their former wives and former husbands be dead (with a specified exception). II. Stat. 10 Car. I., c. 23, Sess. 2, granting eight entire subsidies by Prelates and Clergy of Ireland. III. Stat. 10 and 11 Car. I., ch. 2, to enable restitution of impropriations and tythes and other rights ecclesiastical to the clergy, with a restraint of aliening the same, and directions for presentations to the churches. IV. Stat. 10 and 11 Car. I., ch. 3, for preservation of the inheritance, rights, and profits of lands belonging to the Church and persons ecclesiastical. V. Stat. 15 Car. I., ch. 10, for endowing churches with glebe lands. 184 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE (So far Dr. Stephens. Introduction MSS. Common Prayer, Irish.) VI. The 10 and 11 of Charles I., cap. 3, also provides against profane swearing, a vice very prevalent at and before that time. Indeed Irishmen, even in the position of gentlemen and gallants, were so notoriously addicted to this odious habit, that Shakespeare has introduced an Irish captain as the exponent of this offence against God and good breeding.* VII. The 16th Charles I., ch. 2, s. 4, provides that Courts Spiritual shall not inflict temporal punishments. VIII. The 1st Charles I., ch. 1, provides punishment of breakers of the Lord's Day under spiritual jurisdiction. IX. The 2nd Charles I., ch. 2, enforces residence of clergy by voidance of leases if absence over eighty days in a year takes place. X. 10 and 11 Charles I., ch. 2, provides and enables, as to Vicar, if none endowed, that impropriations may be given "without license. It would be unfair to the aristocracy to omit the case of an Irish cursing Lord, as recorded in " Moses in the Mount," page 6 : — All Irish Lord, quartering at West Kerby, being bound for Ireland, was observed to be a prodigious swearer, belching out most horrid oaths in great abundance. Tidings are brought to Mr. Mui-cot in the morning, as he is going to celebrate a solemn fast. The work of the day being over, Mr. Murcot, being lately with Grod in the Mount, and now grown warm in His cause and quarrel, is impatient of brooking these high dishonours that were done unto His majesty. "Wherefore, taking with him a friend, he rides the same night six miles to a magistrate— procures a warrant. The Lrembling constables are at first astonished to think of approaching in such a vvay to guilty gi-eatness. But, being animated by Mr. Murcot, they serve their wan-ant, which provoked a new rage, the multiplying of fresh oaths, even without number, to the great amazement of the standers by. Notwithstanding * In King Henry V., Act 3, scene 2 : — " An Irishman, a very valiant gentleman," Captain MacMorris, in a few words, filling about twenty lines, flings out of his mouth about as many curses, utterly outdoing Jamy, the Scots captain, and Fluellen, the Welshman, in this accom- plishment. He swears "by Chrish {sic), by his hand, by his father's soul ; So Chrish {sic) save me " (again and again) ; and closes his part with the trucid threat, " So Chrish save me, I will cut off your head." REIGN OF KING CHARLES TFIE FIRST. 185 the boisterous menaces and outrage of this great man, his horses were seized on and kept till he paid 20?. (sic), ■which was employed as a stock for the poor of the pai-ish, so wickedly Hberal was this Lord to them. It is no wonder some public check by fines was attempted of this great ofience ; and yet this was audaciously violated, as R. Lawrence mentions gravely in his " Interest of Ireland," 1682, p. 38 :— Our prophane ones so glory in this shame, that they will often belch out their filthy vomit in the face of magistrates, who, when they reprove them, and demand one sliiUing for an oath, have contemptuously, both to God and the King's law, thrown down then- guinea, and imme- diately swore it out. The particulars referred to in Nos. YI. — X. are detailed by Dr. Bullingbrooke, in addition to the summary statement made by Dr. Stephens. A brief review must now be taken of the religious, political, and economical condition of the West of Ireland prior to 1641. (See more in Desiderata Curiosa, p. 78.) A Petition of Remonstrance was presented to the Lord Deputy from the knights, citizens, and burgesses assembled in Parliament, that divers complaints were made of many grievous exactions, pressures, and A^exatious proceedings of some of the clergy of this kingdom, and their officers and ministers, against the laity, especially the poorer sort, to the great impoverish- ment and general detriment of the whole kingdom," and so forth. These grievances were divided into two classes. First, those to be abolished : — 1. For hearse cloths 6s. 8d,, though there be no hearse cloth at all. 2. The parish clerk takes a barrel of corn for every plowland, and two quarters of wheat for every acre ploughed. 3. For every corn-mill a bowl of com gi-inded per week. 4. In Connauglit and elsewhere 6d. per annum of every couple, by the name of Holy Water Clerk. 5. The Bishops appoint Commissioners for subsidies, and J. P.'s as churchwardens upon them, under the pain of excommunication. 6. Curates, &c., are made Commissaries. 7. Men summoned to appear, when, &c., no informer or libel. 8. Man-ied couples that live long together are brought to Court to prove theii- marriages and then pay 7s. for a dismiss. 9. Allowances by Court to churchwardens and inquisitors, non-pay- ment a matter of mulct to parish. 10. Churchwardens must pay unjust fees, and buy books of articles. 11. Also pay for certificates and discharges. 18G THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE 12. Four tail of corn = nine sheaves the tail per every plough, besides tythe corn in specie. 13. One sheaf for every horse in the plough, called Pimue-nahraclce. 14. Also 32 quarters Lenten-oats. 15. Quides or refections of every parishioner, now a constant revenue. 16. Coshers = Is. a plough, or spade, per annum. 17. In Connaught a mescan or dish of butter in summer, of each parishioner = 6d. or 8d. 18. Of every man that dies a muttoe, by the name of anomting muttoe. 19. From a poor man that hath but one cow, they take that for a mortuary. From one that is better off, his best garment for a mortuary, if a womaTi her best garment. And a gallon of drink for eveiy brewing by name of Mary-gallons. Then come "hide and tallow, and lamh-muttoe, soul-money, iwrtion canons, Patricks ridges, rood-sheaves, hooli money, beggars mortioaries, and parish boundary dues." Secondly come — The grievances which parsons, vicars, and curates must reform and moderate. Marriage, churching, burial, clandestine man-iage, breaking ground in body of parish chui-ch, ditto in chancel— fees. Multiplying apparitors. By an Act of Parliament in this Kingdom the Bishop should admi- nister an oath to every minister to keep a school within the parish, to teach children the English tongue. This is not observed, nor the schools kept. (To be reformed.) By another Act a Free ScitooL should be kept in every Diocese. Not observed, to the great prejudice of the Kingdom of Ii'eland. (This is to be reformed.) Great sums of money received by several Bishops of this Kingdom for commuting of penance, which monies by his Majesty's instructions sbould be converted to pious uses. Not observed, but made a private profit. The mode of dealing with this grievance is that This is to be disposed of in reparation of churches, bridges, high- ways, and for the relief of the poor within the parish, where the fact was committed. And Bishops to account for these before the Judges of Assize in their circuits once a year. No more blank processes to issue. No more frivolous charges, security for cost by informers. Bishops' Courts not to be too fi-equent. Nor Eegisters inordinate about fees. (Journals of the House of Commons, a.d. 1640, June, p. 258, Second Edition.) What a sad and instructive lesson to Churches does all this teach, not only of dangers past but also in the future. Defi- cient endowments drove clerical men and Ecclesiastical Corpo- rations to unworthy shifts and shabby extortions. If men muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn, the ox will work RETGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 187 sluggishly and trespass wickedly. " Rem quocunque modo rem " is a motto not to be argued out of a hungry man's head. In respect of political and economical affiiirs the King was advised to raise money by the expedient of selling lands in Ireland to adventurers, at so much per acre, in the different provinces. This is the object of the 17 of Charles I., called— The Adventurers Act. In a curious square quarto, "printed in London for Joseph Hunscott, 1642,'' and " Published by Authoritie," and entitled a " Particular Relation of the Present State and Condition of Ireland as it now Stands, manifested by several letters," &c., &c., the following appears in the pre- face or introduction : — " Therefore, in answer to those who doubt whether there will be so much land escheated to the Crown out of the rebels estates, as may raise those millions and a half of acres (designed by Parliament for the satisfaction of those undertakers, who with the houses and the rest of the kingdom may be engaged therein). It is credibly affirmed and may by these letters and the Proclamation (published in Ire- land) appear to those who know the persons and their estates, that there will be suflB.cient escheated land to answer that quantity of land (contracted for) upon the terms in the peti- tions and propositions manifested." This pamphlet concludes with a letter to Sir R. King from "Ad. Loftus," the closing sentence of which is too good to be left in oblivion. "We have indited of treason all the noblemen, gentlemen, and free- holders in the counties of Dublin, Meath, Kildare, and Wick- loe, which I hope will be a great advantage to the Crown, and good to this poor kingdom, when these rascals shall be con- founded, and honest Protestants planted in their places." (Ad. Loftus, 14 Feb., 1641.) Than this Act, there could hardly have been invented by his Majesty's greatest enemy a more certain method of in- juring his friends, of strengthening his foes, and of ultimately ruining the Royal cause in Ireland. Also an idea was long cherished that as Queen Elizabeth had settled Munster, and King James Ulster, so Charles must needs settle Connaught. But the difference was this. In the first case Desmond's rebellion naturally led to a vast forfeiture, and CNeile's bloody 188 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE uprising had left the Crown in absolute mastery of the six counties of the North. Charles I. was to make good the for- feiture and settlement of Connaught by legal chicanery and an unkingly breach of faith, and in fact by coming forward as the self-authorized plunderer of " friendly punctuality." If the chieftains of Clare had on their composition with Sir John Perrot and subsequently surrendered their estates, but neglected to enrol their surrenders and take out new Letters Patent, was it not too hard that their titles should be vitiated and them- selves turned adrift, because by a neglect of the officers in Chancery the full formalities had not been complied with, though the cost of the fees had been actually paid into Court by the tenants of the Crown ? The details of this ill-starred measure — of this " fons et origo malorum," may prove interest- ing and instructive, inasmuch as the Reformed faith was associated with the King as upon earth the Head of the Church, also ecclesiastics of high degree had mixed themselves up more or less with these strange proceedings. Letter after letter is found in Stafforde's State Letters (Vol. ii., pp. 84, 93, 98, 332), in which the Royal approbation is expressed, and the completion of the plot urged forward. The greater success of the proceedings in the way of finding his Majesty's title to the two Ormonds is attributed to the influence of the Earl of Ormond, and the friendly aid of the Earl of Tho- mond is reckoned upon, through the weight of the solid con- siderations which the King himself held forth to the latter nobleman, in. the shape of " his not having the fourth part of his lands taken from him as from the other natives there, but that he be suffered still to hold them on such increase of rent as shall be set " upon the rest. (See Lodge's Archdall, sub Inchiquin, vol. ii., p. 49.) Dr. John Bramball, Bishop of Derry, whose zeal for recover- ing the alienated possessions of the Church was so ardent, took occasion to join Staffbrde in his mission for the inquiry into defective titles. After the defeat in Connaught (see Carte), through Lord Clanrickarde's boldness and manliness, the Bishop was surprised to find the revenues of the See of Kilfenora miserably small and quite insufficient for a Bishop, as had been stated by Laud in a letter to Usher in 1629. (Parr's Life of Usher, &c.. Letters, p. 416, also p. 427.) REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 189 ''You have answered nothing about the Bishoprick of Kil- fenora, which is so poor in itself that no man asks it of the King, and his Majesty is graciously pleased that your Lord- ship would think of some parsonage or vicarage or donative that might for ever be annexed to it." Bramhall did not openly mix himself up with the Connaught inquisition. The names of the ecclesiastical persons at the foot of the great Connaught Inquisition Roll, now in the Record Office, are "Robertus Clonfert" and "Randolph Tuamensis." Indeed, Dr. Bramhall, feeling the need of caution in this desperate imdertaking, writes that " To have two Bishops in the Comtee for plantation were not amisse, so that it were done without noise. My Lord Deputies designs have been still so pro- pitious to the Church, that to propose any, the least, addition to his resolves were in my poor judgment a degree of ingrati- tude." (Shirley's Papers, p. 59.) " I am very fearful to be seen to have any hand in this business." ( Ubi supra, p. 68.) On the 4th of March, 1640, articles of High Treason were exhibited to the House of Lords in Ireland against him and others ; this land affair, and his connexion with it, being the chief olFence. (See article 2 in Argt. by P. Darcy, Esq., p. 172 ; also in the Journals of I. House of Commons.) Members of the O'Brien family, and in particular Captain Dermot O'Brien, one of the representatives of Clare, took an active share in opposing these proceedings. (See History and Memoir of O'Briens.) What was the exact cause of their dislike to Bramhall has not been made quite apparent, whether his con- nexion with Strafforde, who was invading their lands, or his efforts to rehabilitate Bishopricks which were dilapidated by fee farms and long leases at small rents. Anyhow the charge was made and Bramhall met it. All the Bishop's friends wrote to him to decline the trial, but he thought it dishonourable to fly. He showed himself next day in the Parliament House, Dublin, where his enemies stood staring at him for awhile, and then made him close prisoner. Nor was this all ; for so determined was the House that he should not escape out of their hands, that the following order was made (though afterwards vacated'') -.—^^ It is ordered that the undernamed persons are presently to repair to the Lords and to signify unto their Lordships that it is the desire of this House that they would be 190 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE pleased in regard the Lord Bishop of Derry lycth so near the water to appoint his Lordship a more secure lodging." (Journals, Commons, Second Edition, 1641, p. g77.) In this distress he wrote to the Primate Usher, then in England, who wrote to him a most friendly and sympathising letter in reply. But though proceedings were ordered by the King to be stopped, and the affair died out of itself, and he was at length restored to liberty, yet all this took place without a public acquittal given to him (Bramhall's "Works, vol. i., pp. ix. and xxvi., Lib. Angl. Theol.) until many years after. (See Journals H. C, 16 July, 1661.) Thus difficult and dangerous was it to uphold the cause of the Irish Church in these days, according to the shrewd remark of Bedell, Bishop of Kilmore, to Dr. Usher, Archbishop elect. " The growth of the Irish Church (notwithstanding his Majesty's endowments and directions) receives every day more impediments and opposition than ever. Impropriators in all places may hold all ancient customs, only ihey upon whom the care of souls is laid are debarred." (Parr's Usher, p. 322.) One of the strongest passions of the human heart is the proprietary feeling, and the dearest objects around which it clings are landed rights and real propert3\ Stafforde unjustly assailed the real property of the laity. Bramhall honestly (see Carte, p. 68, vol. i.) contested the landed rights of the Church. Making this concession as to the rights of property so unwisely and unwarrantably invaded ; conceding, too, that " the claim of the Irish Roman Catholics not to be excom- municated by the Protestant clergy " (see Carte, i., p. 545), as well as by their own clergy into the bargain, who were not slack thus to smite, was not at all an unreasonable claim; conceding, likewise, that the Court of Wards exercised an ingeniously oppressive mode of dealing with the children of the higher classes ; conceding, too, how reckless and jirovocative of rebellion and outbreak was the severity of the legislative action when it had to back it such an incapable Administration and so beggarly an armament as was found at the moment of Ireland's danger (see Carte, Cox, and Borlace) in a few moth- eaten bows and musty bow-strings and withered pike-staves ; giving also fuU weight to the injurious effects of trade restric- tions adverse to certain Irish industries, and in particular to REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 191 the woollen manufacture in the West, -which might other- wise have drawn many a young man from wild ferocity and bloody " toryism " to honest industry and peaceful living, — conceding all this, and even that reforms admitted as neces- sary by Lord Falkland, for instance, had been left incomplete and, indeed, untried, these were sore evils, irritating items and inflictions at once humiliating and provoking and scarce endurable. And yet, after all, if with respect of these, and the Plantation and Adventurer schemes, the Kelts and old Anglo-Normans, whether as proprietors, occupiers, or re- ligionists, had just and good reasons to be dissatisfied and indignant with the King, with his advisers, with his Executive, and with his Parliaments English and Irish, we ask what had the English Protestant settlers, whether as purchasers, lease- holders, traders, artizans, or whatever else that bore the English name and professed the English faith, of concern or share, of partnership or responsibility in all this, that they should be rushed upon as though by a pack of wolves, and treated in a manner almost without a parallel in the records of barbarians ? The Irish " of late times (see ' Present State of Ireland,' p. 121) were so much civilized by their cohabitation with the English, as that their ancient animosities and hatreds seemed now to be quite departed and buried in a firm conglutination of their affection, and national obligations passed between them. . . . And so great an advantage did they find by the English commerce and cohabitation in the profits and high improvements of their lands and native commodities — so incom- parably beyond what they ever formerly enjoyed or could expect to raise by their own proper industry — as (that) Sir Phelimon O'Neal and many others of the prime leaders in the last Rebel- lion had not long before turned their Irkh tenants off their lands, while they took on English, who were able to give them much greater rents and more certainly pay the same." No ingenuity, no special pleading can prove that the quarrel of the Kelts, whether as Kelts or as Roman Catholics, had any pretence of a just standing with these innocent English and Protestants. "What had they done to provoke a sudden outburst of malignant violence which reached even to the dogs of the English ? The terrible tragedy of 1G41 has been viewed and reviewed from different points and on opposing grounds by Protestant 192 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE and English writers on the one hand and by the apologists of the Kelts and the Roman Catholics on the other. Almost every assertion has been contradicted as stoutly as it has been made, whether concerning the causes which led to the outbreak, the exact time of its bursting forth, the space it extended over, the originators and first actors in the fatal scenes, with their motives and various methods of operation, as well as the con- sequences arising out of it to life, property, and religion. This has gone on from the time of " the Remonstrance given to his Majesty at Oxford in May, 1644," in a long line down to the present day. And, indeed, though the denials, evasions, and explanations were always effectually encountered, there seemed no particular anxiety on the part of the Protestants and Enghsh — at least those of later times — to rake up these miserable details. Bishop Henry Rider of Killaloe gave utterance to this feeling in the following noble and manly words, j)art of a State sermon preached before the House of Commons (page 3), 23 Oct., 1695:— It may, I say, be expected that I should enlarge upon these par- ticulars, but hope that the task may be equally ungrateful to us all. That as we delight not in the effusion of any man's blood, so we sympathize too far with the sufferings of our ancestors to disturb the weary that are at rest, to lay open their bleeding wounds, to revive these persuasive calls to vengeance— these cries and fearful shrieks which run parallel to nothing but that in the Revelation, " How long, Lord, Holy and true, wilt thou not judge and avenge our blood ? " And so, too, most gladly would we exclude such sad details from these pages, were it not that this exclusion would leave unaccounted for the most decisive event which has taken place in the Diocese of Killaloe since the Reformation ; also, if we exclude them, certain grave consequences, attributable exclu- sively to this cause, might be most injuriously attributed to other causes inadequate to produce them. And, certainly, some of the more recent " vindications " can hardly pass without a refutation of the very confident assertions and denials they contain. Some principle, therefore, must be found, some canon of historical verity used, which nothing but violent prejudice or downright unbelief can dare to resist or gainsay. Such principle seems to be laid down by a recent writer, who has bestowed much research upon this period, and REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 193 has exhibited no undue partiality towards the cloaking of English severity, nor yet any insensibility to Keltic sorrows. The Author of the " Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland " (2nd Edition, page 60) has laid it down that " The proper evidence to prove or disprove this dreadful massacre are, of course, authentic contemporaneous documents, not compil- ations of a later date, like Hume's ' History of England,' or even the ponderous pamphlets of the party writers of the day — like Milton and Clarendon — strangers to Ireland and its transactions." "Whoever else may have dwelt with relish upon these deeds done upon the soil of Erin, or, in a spirit of bitter resentfulness, may have " kept up the expiring memory of the outrages committed by the Irish to posterity," or, "by an afterthought, included murder among the other acts of robbers," such is not our object nor our mode of narration. The event which inflicted on the Protestant religion in Ireland in general, and on the Diocese of Killaloe in particular, " an inexpressible blow," as "Ware calls it — a tconnd from the effects of which the Diocese has never yet recovered its strength, after 350 years, and ^ the traces of which remain on both sides of the Shannon, and in almost everj' parish, must of necessity be now disclosed and dwelt on from " authentic and contemporaneous documents." As to one class of these, Mr. Hardiman is fully convinced (after a close inspection) of the importance and value of the Depositions connected with 1641 in MSS. T. C. D. ; and so he is persuaded that without their aid the transactions of the seventeenth century, which are among the most momentous of Irish history, can never be adequately portrayed by the historian. (See O'Flaherty's H. lar., ed. Hardiman, p. 418). Another class of evidence, also contemporaneous and authentic, is that contained in such works as " Irish Narratives of 1641," published by the Camden Society, and having their sanction, and Cooke's "Picture of Parsonstown." The first of these contains a contemporary manuscript (Introduction IX.) by Mr. Cufie of this siege. The second gives extracts from Sir Wm. Parsons' "Journal of the Siege of the Birr," made at the time, and on the spot. And both of these are fully corroborated by one or more, in some cases by several independent witnesses, on oath, as given in the Depositions ; and many of these ■witnesses, too, are clergymen of the Diocese ; also gentlemen o 194 THE DIOCESE OF KTLLALOE, ETC., IN THE and ladies of position and property, and other parties usually held worthy of credit in Courts of Justice, and among men of honour. Another class of e\idence, also authentic and con- temporaneous, here made available, w as found in the MSS. Collection of the O'Briens of Dough — now in Ennistymon House — most generously placed at the writer's disposal by Mrs. McNamara. These give some very interesting local dis- closures, and corroborate statements made in the former classes of evidence. Another branch of evidence which is relied upon, and not without corroboration, is that to be found in the writings of Carte, Clanrickarde, Castlehaven ; indeed, also of Coxe. Temple has come under the suspicion of writing under an undue excitement ; Borlase has also been discredited. They are not called vip to give evidence, although they may exhibit documents worthy of full credit ; but their evidence, together with " The Black Book of Athlone," and anything else emanating from exaggeration, revenge, lucre, or partizanship, are left aside as worse than useless. What is relied on (let it be repeated) is e\idence clear, cogent, and often exhaustive, fairly brought forward in proof of facts, which, by a painful necessity, must be disclosed in pursuance of a sacred object, and in vindication of the Reformed faith from the devices of many writers, who, with no slight amount of pertinacity and effrontery, have laboured to deny, to palliate, to justify, to suppress — anyhow, in some way or other, to mislead the public concerning facts of the utmost possible consequence in their bearing upon the fortunes of the Diocese of Killaloe. The first item of evidence from authentic contemporaneous documents relates to THE SIEGE OF BALLYALLA. The name of this once-important stronghold is explained as Halley or Haley's-town. The situation is told in detail by the besiegers. It is about two miles from Ennis on the north-east towards the borders of Galway, and on the edge of the course which the Fergus formerly took, sweeping round by Ballygriffy Castle and spreading into a lake between Ballyalla and Drum- cliffe Roundtower. The castle stood upon a hill or mound, REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 195 somewhat distant from the scrubby slope which runs away- west towards Templemaley. The remains of the building may still be found by those who climb the mound, which is swelled partly by the debris of the castle itself. On the lakeside are traces not effaced of an enclosure — the hay-yard, doubtless, alluded to in the siege. Here the Protestants of Clare made a desperate stand, and the family of the Cuffes won a lasting re- nown. The ownership is established by Fiants accessible. It was leased by the Gal way family of Sir V. Blake to INIr. Cuffe, a merchant of Ennis. This Mr. CufFe was buried within the precincts of the Franciscan Abby, Ennis, in 1638. For this tomb close search was made by the writer, and in vain. The famUy may well carry the motto, " Yirtus repulsas nescia sordidae," after Ballyalla siege and defence. His widow, Mrs. Cuffe, represented him, and exhibited much foresight and judg- ment before, as her seven sons showed much noble courage and humanity during, the siege. The property is now in the pos- session of Capt. "Wm. Stacpoole, M.P. for Ennis. The following items are taken from " Narratives Illustrative of the Contests in Ireland in 1641 and 1690. Edited by Thos Crofton Croker. London: Printed for the Camden Society " : — Parte of a brief narration of the beginning and continuance of some of the commotion of the County Clare, alias Thomond, ■with the manner and prime actors of it, against the Protestants of the said county, chiefly against the Castell of Ballyaly. Having recited that on " the 1st of Nov., 1641, news was sent from Limrick to Robt. Coppinger, Esq., being then at the fair of Clare, of the rebellion that was begun in the North, and how the Lord MacGire and his adherents attempted to take the Castel of Dublin," the progress of the movement westward is then traced '* to the next abordering counties, specially Ormond, Dough-arra (or Blackai'ra, where the slate quarries are opened and a wild population lives), and the rest of the Coj^ Tip- perarie, and how the English of those parts were pilleged and robed of all their goodes and cattell, which enforced them to fly from there bowses and betake themselves for safety of lives to Castell {sic), many being stripped out of there cloathes and exposed naked to the extremity of the could, except they would revolt from the Protestant religion." Then Murtagh O'Brien, " after robbing many of the Eng- o 2 196 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE lish, &c., threatened to surjirlze the town of Killalow and Castell Bank, and to strip the Bishop of Killalow, Dr. Jones, ■with the rest of the English in them parts : for fear of whose barbarous usage, the sd. Bishop, with his English tenants, for- sook the towne of Killaloe, and fled to his Majesty's Castell at Limrick, where they remained till the rebells tuck the sd. Castell of Limrick, which was the 23 of June, 16-42." Then ensues a good deal of a play most congenial to the Irish, viz., cattle snatching in Duharra and in Thomond, but the English settlers came off second best in this play. Then "Oliver Delahojd, of Terreada (now Tyredagh, near Tulla), and John of Fonerla (now Fomerla), go still more heavily into cow-steal- ing," also for befooling the Earle of Thomond. " Ownie Owg O'Loghlen, and his 3 sons are now out," and " About the 22 of Ober they went to Balecare, and from thence by night drove awaies many cows and sheep from George Colpis, Esq., and from other English." Then Robert Hibard complains of Hugh Gradie taking away from him some 160 English catell, besides horses and sheep, and wounded his servants and occupied his bowses. Then the Gradies (of Tomgraney), when a force was sent to chastize them, ran away to hide in Conaght. Then the Earl's soldiers " began to opres (.s/c) and abuse the English that remained in there dwellings, but the most of the E. had betaken them to their castells. Then the Earle strangely gives warrants to strip the English of their arms, and accordingly D. O'Brien came to the Castell of Ballyalla, which then was in the poseshon of Elizabeth and Maurice Cufie, of Innish, mer- chants, and by him fortified, and a ward by his mother and bros. put therein. The mother gave no armes and no admis- sion to D. O'Brien ; he went away discontented and offended, and being resolved of be avenged of the within wardar." Then " D. McNamara goes North to confer with Sir Phelim O'Neale and the rest of their chiefe rebels, to be derected what armes thaye should goe on withall in Thomond and to procure some battr'ng peeces — being reported there were plenty of them and all other engens of war with them rebels in the North parts — which reportes and threetnings they daily threetened the English with all that were then in Castells — divars Castells at that time being posest by the English, as I shall hereafter nominat — which Castells they vowed to batter down upon REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIJIST. 197 McNemarrowe's returne, specially the Castell of Ballyalla, but he returned without any ordinance. " Now I shall nominat what Castells were in Englishmen's hands at the begining of the rebellion and whoes poseshon in Thomond. 1. Bunratty Castell, posest by Eavle of Thomond. 2. Eossmana (her) „ „ Christian Coule. 3. Cappagh Frances Morton. 4. Drumline „ „ Edward Fenar. 5. Balycare „ „ Geo. Colpis, Esq. 6. Ballymaeasheu (parte of) „ Thomas Benes. 7. Drommolau „ „ Robert Starkey, Esq. 8. The lug Peter Ware. 9. Cloghanaboye „ „ Mr. Eawson's tenants. 10. Clare Castell Captain Heugh Norton, Esq. 11. Balyaly „ „ Maurice Cuffe, merchant. 12. Balehoreck „ „ Wm. Brickdall, Esq. 13. Coonaghan „ „ Mr. Thomas Biu'tonaudMr. Moun- sail. 14. Donagarogue „ „ Anthony Usher, Esq. 15. Moygh Castle „ „ George Norton. 16. Incheyneagh „ „ Simson and others. 17. Newtoune „ „ Donogh O'Brien, Esq. (then Pro- testant). 18. Carnne Duffe „ „ Francis Dawes. 19. Baleportre „ „ John Brickdall. 20. Ballyharehanc „ „ Mr. Huxley. 21. Inchecronano „ „ Anthony Heathcote. 22. Clowne „ „ Thomas Bourne. 23. Lisdfin „ „ William Costolow. 24. Graroro „ „ John Carter. 26, ScarefE „ „ Eichard Blagrafe (son of Rev. John B., minister and preacher). 26. Caherhurley „ „ Matthew Hickes. 27. Toumgrauey „ „ Luke Brady, Esq. 28. Castell Bank Mr. Washington. 29. Toumrow Castle „ „ Peeter Ward, where hee and his wifFe were most cruely mur- dered by the enemy. (See infra.) 30. Balenacragen „ „ Eichard Keaton. 31. Castell Keale „ „ James Marten." As to the castles in Clare, there is a MS. in T.C.D. (vide Appendix No. YII.), being a return of those in the year 1584. They number 165. Mr. Hely Button, in his survey, 1802, names 119, out of which number tradition says that the Mac-. 198' THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE namaras built 57. The castles in Clare, from the Ordinance Survey in 1862, are 149. Those in excess of the number known to Mr. Dutton (who was only a bird of passage) are given in the subsequent more accurate survey. Colonel Connor O'Brien, of Lemanegh, now comes forward on the side of the rebellion, and accompanied " by diver other Irish gentry," went and drove away what cattell he eld find of Mr. Burton's, Mr. Hickman's, and of anj'- other Englishman, the whole cuntrey being now out in general. About 20 January Mr. Twirabrock {sic) (the Rev. John, see Visitation Tour, supra No. 40, Hector of Dyscrt) was turned out of his house and goods by Turlougli O'Brien, &c., not leaving him or Wm. and Jno. Bridgman, his two sonn-in-laws, anything, but were to betalce themselves to Teige O'Brien, of Drummore Castell,* Esq. (now the property of T. Crowe, Esq., D.L.). Here O'Brien gained two or three fowling peeces and some powthar which was then preshes (precious). At this castell of Teige O'Bryens, the aforesaid Twdnbrocke, through fair promises and invitation of the said Brien, had sent most of his and his sons best goods, but were faine to give the greatest part or all to the said Brien to convey them. Then ensue robbery of arms from English, and also alarms of war — " that the Irish gentry of that county had generally resolved to beseege and take all the English castells in that county, and that they would furst begin with the Castell of Ballgaly — where they expected to recover both welth and store of peeces and powthar and bullets, which would inabell them much for taking other castels, and that the taking of that castell wld be a great danting to all other English of the county. This Castell of Ballgaly having a reasonable strong ward and well pro- vided, notwithstanding the country's malles, as the poorer sort of people, specially some of Mrs. CufFes and her sons tenants, would furnish us privately with some fresh provition for mony, as hennes egges, geese, lambs, and the like. This, however, is put a stop to." * The Castle of Dromore still stands, beautifully situated near the lake ; over the doorway is a slab with the following inscription : — " This Castle was build by Teige, Second Sone to Connor, Third Earle of Thomond, and by Slaney Brien, wife to the said Teige. Anno D." REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 199 Sir y. Blake then by letters demands possession, wHcli is boldly refused. Then " divers that cum for shelter to the said Castell of poore English, whereof part of them were robbed of their goods and provisions, not being able to withstand so sudden a seedges as was intended, and not any in the castell being provided with more than what they had provided for themselves and families. The names shall hereafter follow of all. (Names not given.*) Hereupon finding ourselves bard of provition for mony, and hearing and seeing the emenent dainger wee were in, cased us to tak time, while time sarved, to releeve these poore, and lickwaises ourselves, with a leetell fresh provition. "Whereupon there was a party sent forth, which gained from the enemie and brought home 11 cowes and 32 sheepe which were killed for the releefe of the poore whereby they might induer the seege the bettar." On 4th February, 1641, came a final demand of the Castle by letter, to which was written a final refusal. Dermod sent Turlough to besiedge us, indevering to pre- vent us of firiug and water. Then came assistance of the coun- try in general from each barony by turns, and cabins beult under the hedgeroes and bushes, which were seized for firewood by the beseiged. " It was lickwaises obsarved deuring the first seidge, that whenevar the enetni had any practice to com ageinst us, it pleased God to sonde extreame stormes of wind or haile or raine." Then ensued false claims, evil cursings — " to express these bfise and wicked termes were soe tedious and base, that it were abell to shame the reader to heere their wicked inventions and damnable curses " to frighten the defenders. The Plot now Thickens. About the 21st of February Capt. H. O'Grradey summons the Castell, and being demanded by some that were upon the battlement what authority he had to demand it ? whereupon he answered that he had Cumishon (Commission) from his Majesty to banish all the Protestants of Ireland. Hereupon without further excamenation (sic) there was a bullet sent from the Castle by one of the warders to exsamen (sic) his Cumishon * See uames in evidence of Andi'ew Chaplin. 200 THE DIOCESE OF KILLAI.OE, ETC., IN THE (sic) which, went through his thigh. But he made a shift to rumbell {sic) to the bushes, and there fell down, but only lay by it 16 weeks, in which time unliapely [sic) it was cured. This evening a poore maid that foremarley came stripped to the Castell, being desirous to venture to an aunt she had at Ballycarr Castle, living with Coalpes (Colpoys), had no sooner begun her journey but was taken and tortured to reveal who shot O'Grady — which then she was forced to confess — the party being Andrew Chapling, minstar.* The Forme of the Soires built hi/ the Enemy. This daye they advanced there sowcs, and recoverd her within the outar trench of the Castell Island. The great sowe was 3-5 ft. long and 9 foote broad. It was made upon 4 wheels, mad of whole timber, bound about with hoops of iron ; the axel trees whereon she run was great round bars of iron, the beams she was built upon being timber. They had cross beams witliin to work their levers, to force her along as they pleased to guide her. The hinder part of the sow was left open for their men to go in and out. The forepart of the sowe had 4 doors, 2 on roof and 2 on lower parts, which did hang upon great iron buckles, but were not to open till they came close to the wall of the castell, where they intended to work through the walls of the castell with their tools they had provided. The ruff of the sowe was built like the ruff of a house, with a very sharp ridge, the lower part as the walls of a house. She was double-planked, with many thick oaken planks, and driven very thick with five-stroke nails, which naUs cost 5/., being intended for a house of correction which should have been built in Innish. This sowe was lickwaise covered over with two rows of hides and two rows of sheep- skins, so that no musket-bullet or steel arrow could pearse it, of which trial often was made. There was a lessar sowe imployed to go for vitall for the great sowe to the camp, and for any to come to the big sowe, &c. * lu Lib. Mun. TTib. vol. ii. p. 100, col. 2, No. 18, our brave Pai-son is thus accounted for " Cli.aplin (Andrew), Vicarage of Kilkenvy and Kil^nalley, Diocese of Killaloe, with clause of union pro liac vice tantum to the Vicarage of Kiluauaughta and Kilmurrynagcal, in said Diocese, which he now possesses. July 8." See also p. 174. KEIGN OF KING CHARLES THE ElKST. 201 The descripiion of the leathern piece {of ordenance) made hy the enemy. The said peece was about 5 feet in length, not built upon carriage, but fastened to a stocke of timber. This goon (.sfc) they planted in the great trench near the castell, to be ready when they found occation to discharge her. Then follows a night attack, in part successful, and an attempt to cut off the besieged. " The next morning they made triall of their lethren gun at us, but she only gave a great report (!), having 13 lbs. of powdhar in her, hut let fly bachwarde (! !), the bullet remaining within (! ! !). They likewise let fly many musket-shot at our spikeholes, but, God be praised, did no hurt." Then they " continued ex- changing shots " very hot till Sunday morning, and had the " killing of divers, but lost none." * Then ensued a battle in the haggard, and a sortie for water, and a successful attack upon the sowes. Notwithstanding, the enemy kept their camps, not remo\ing from us till the 12 of March. Our ward of Ballyaly having cleared and terrified the Irish between Clare and Ballyaly reasanable well, whereupon the poor English would venture from Clare to us divars times for some relief, the which they had usedly given them by us ; but at last two poor women coming, being Elizabeth Hackery and Margt. "Whitcomb, were by two of the Cowries (?) kild. Then * The subject of ordiiaucc, aud the attempts to sujDply it, here so absurdly illustrated, may occasion the remark that Sir W. Ealcigh mentions that " the Netherlands in those days had ivoorlcn guns, and the Irish had darts." — Three Discourses. Also, the patriot Tyrolese fought the French most brilliantly with wooden guns. The main reason assigned by Bishop Dease, Titular of Meath, for his opposing the rising of the Catholic Confederates, in after days, was their lack of great gims; as if to rebel without artillery was contravening the Canon Laws. (See Cogan's " Meath.") But the strangest attempt of all to extemporize artilleiy was that made by the Lord Viscount Clanmaleire : — "After two months he brought a gi-eat piece of ordinance, to the making of which, as it was credibly reported, there went seven score pots and pans, which was cast three times by an Irishman from Athboy before they brought it to that perfection it was in at Geashil. His Lordship discharged his piece of ordinance against the Castle, which at the first shot broke and flew to pieces." (See more in Lodge's " Peerage," by Archdall sub. Digby). Every one Will remember the kind of missiles suggested to the men of 18i8. 202 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE ensued smart affairs in cattle raids, and " tlie death of Connell O'Herr, being a noted rebell. My brother Thomas meeting with him, he shut him as he was running awaie, and kild him." Then ensued another grand cattle raid for the benefit of the poor. " Theie marched this day at least X miles compass, and gained divars cattell and sheepe, all which they drove with them awaie to Clare, where Captain Norton and Mr. Brickdale prevailed with my brothers in regard of many poor people they had there, to leave that prey there, and the next they should have wholly to Ballyally, which they granted. Now, after a very good dinner, they returned to Ballyally, with help against an ambuscade. " Upon this the ward of Ballyally parshued the enemy and kept them." Before passing away from Ballyally Castle, and its siege, as related in quaint but graphic terms by Cuffe, it may be well to notice some corroborative statements given in the Depositions ; also, a further account of the second siege. (F. 2, 22.) Thus Frances Bridgeman (676), wife of Hewit Bridgeman, late of Drumsarem (?), county Clare, widow, that about middle of December, 1641, she lost, was robbed, forcibly despoiled of goods, chattels, to 330/., was dispossessed of a lease, lost debts due, &c. She complains of dishonest and deceitful conduct of D. O'Brien, of Drummore (as we shall see in other evidence). Then she escaped, and " being in a castle called BallyaKa, was closely besieged." She mentions " men, women, and children, to the number of 100," so long besieged that they were almost starved, and they " wor faine " to eat horses, the hogges, cows, and our dogges (and there dyed many of the famine). She mentions the sally, also how "that Henry "Woodfin and his wife, John Carter and his wife and children, and George Burke and his wife, which were before this rebellion Protest- ants, had since turned Papists," &c. The warders killed she names as — 1. John "Walker. 2. Abraham Baker, of Ballymulcahill, carpenter. 3. John Burgess, of Ballymally. 4. Ambrose, of Ennis. 5. Thos. White. 6. John Twisden. REtGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 203 7. John Smith, of Eallymally. 8. John Hart, of Ennis, shoemaker. (703.) Erias E-eade, of Knockenane, swears to losses, amount 505^. D. O'Brien, of Bonnahowe, was particularly aggressive, and took his arms and said, " It was by a warrant from the Earl of Thomond to disarm all the English, affirming, ' By my soulc, Erias,' quoth he, ' I would not do it had I not been commanded by his Lordship'" {sic in orig.). Erias also informeth that from that time forth " almost every cowboy did at his will rob and pillage the English, these being thus exposed for want of their army to their rapine." He further deposeth that about 20 Dec. that among divers other families of English persons, 150 in number, he fled to take refuge in Ballyally Castle. He then mentions by name the besiegers, also the sowes, and the leathern gun. He further saith that the besiegers forsook the castle to lay at least any assault to it till about 28 June last, about which time his Majesty's Castle of Lymerick was yielded up, from whence the said parties, or some of them, procured an iron demi-culverin, and brought the same to Ballyala, out of which they discharged ( — ) shotts against the castle, having done no operation they continued aforesaid siege to the castle which endured for 12 weeks. He mentions the name of the slain, as Mrs. Bridgeman does, adding some horrible items as to the treatment of the bodies for the purpose of intimidating the heroic defenders. He further deposes on oath to their sufferings from famine, and how they had " to eat horseflesh and raw hides, and the poorer sort ratts and doggs, and could only recover water with sheets and other clothes upon the top of the castle." He also deposes to his hearing Christopher O'Brien audibly affirm that they (the Irish) had his Majesty's Commission for what they did, which if I had not certainly known (quoth he) I would not have joined with them. He then mentions how " orders from the E. of Thomond did greatly disarrange the Protestants." Jurat P. Bisse, Holwell. Erias X Beade. As to this pretended Commission, see Warner (p. 77) and Rushworth ; also as to the withdrawing of arms. In fact, " no method wliich fraud or artifice could suggest in order to draw in their own people or to ensnare the English was left untried" j 204 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE but " the chief engine of fraud and artifice " was a pretended Commission from the King in Scotland." Joe Hawkins, sadler (Innish), Co. Clare (805), swears he was robbed of 39/. lOs. 8c?., and gives a very full and clear statement of the affairs at Ballyala. The Englishmen in or near Innish or thereabouts, namely — Winter Bridgeman (of Tulla O'Deer), IMaurice, Edward, Thomas, Joseph Cuffe, brothers, all of Innish. John Crumpe. Wm. Birley. Richd. White. Eichd. Eoche. Robt. Baker. Andrew Chaplin (clerk), and their family, with some others. John Walker. John Bandicour. When all the country was ready to go into rebellion, betook themselves to Ballyala, and were closely besieged (names of besiegers, as by Cuffe). Failure of sowes and relaxing of siege next related, also slaughter and wounding of one hundred of besiegers. About the 27 June they came to besiege the castle the second time and continued the siege to the 17th Sept. During which period the English within the castle, besides an infectious fever raging among them, had all of them died for want of victuals and relief, being so closely besieged and driven through the extremity of that long and tedious siege. Sundry were driven to eat ratts and doggs, and to eat likewise salt hides half rotten, constrained to wash out the lime, &c. Dept saith that during second siege your dept and men like- wise killed at least thirty-six, and there died (list as above), besides women and children that were utterly starved in the castle. Beatrice Hopdidch, (324) after sundry statements not now re- cited, swears that she and four more did succeed " in flying to the Castle of Ballyala, and she and about a 100 more Pro- testants were there from about the 20 June, 1642, last past, uritil about the 4 Sept. following, besieged by the Eebels and by Danl O'Brien, of Lemaneigh, and Oge Roe O'Brien, brother to the Lord Inchiquin. . . She saw colours flying, &c. That REIGN OF KING CHAULES THE FIRST. 205 the besieged durst not go out for water nor fuel, and were glad to eat the flesh of horses, dogs, and to feed on nettles, docks, or weeds. So that divers famished and dyed of want, and some that had four or five children would have one left alive. Then a parley ensued. " And so far did Christopher O'Brien by his ' adularious and quiteful speeches ' prevail and persuade with Maurice CulFe, that he and others went out to O'Brien and the rest of the rebels. But they were no sooner gone a little out of the castle but that the rebels laid violent hands on Cuffe and the rest and made them prisoners. But CufFe and John Cweefe suddenly overrun them and fled back. Then after a few days the rebels erected a gallows in front of the castle, threatening to hang them if those inside the castle would not surrender it. At length the castle was given up, as there were no means of relief, nor water, and the castle was given to the rebellious enemy. Then the deponent getting to an Irishman's house was there kept for some time. But being laboured to go to Mass, she and her children escaped to Barrenmore Castle by night, thence to Galway, and by sea to Dublin. And she saith that the women rebells were firmer and crueller than the men, and among the rest one Sarah O'Brien, sister to D. O'Brien, undertook to con- vey and bring safely out of the Castle of Dromore Peter New- man's wife, the dept's sister, and their family. But when she had gotten their goods, she suffered the rebels first to cut off P. Newman's arm, afterwards grievously to him, and at length to shoot him. And after, the sd Sarah stripped the sd P. Newman's wife and her children of their clothes and turned them away exposed to the dangers of the cold. And she hired parties to kill them, but hearing of it, they escaped by another way. Andrew Chaplin, elk (628), swears to being despoiled of goods, &c., 520^., and church livings worth 105/. Dermod O'Brien drove away his stock and stole his goods from Ballymally farm, with the aid of certain yeomen. This is the clergyman who was mentioned above in the Visitation tour, and whose appointment is alluded to in Lib. Mun. Hib. He gives the list of those in the castle as the others have done, but with more exactness. 1. Elizabeth Couffe (widow). 2. Winter Bridgman. 206 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE 3. Jno. Vandervort. 4. Alex. Hill. 5. EicM. White. 6. Urias Reade. 7. Wm. Benley. 8. Jno. Hawkins. 9. Hu. Austin. 10. Jno. Walker. 11. Jno. Ribson. 12. Wm. Long. 13. Ri. Wolff. 14. Jno. Smith. 15. Jno. Conie. 16. Ro. Baker, -with their families respectively. And the stripped people came afterwards into the Castle to the number of 150 people, who presently after and especially about the 4th February then following, being Wednesday morning, were assailed and closely besieged. He then tells of the great assault upon the 20th February with the sows and leathern gun. He then tells of the intermitting of the siege, and of the demi-culverin brought from Limerick about 28th June, tiU the 6th or 7th of August, and how the rebels continued the second siege for twelve weeks before and after the bringing of the same gun. He then deposes as to the giving up of the Castle (26th Sept., margin) and the violation of the terms of agreement. He also deposes to the extremity of besieged by famine, as the others have done. He then heard the O'Briens and the rest putting forth (the fable of) the Commission from the King. He also heard Mohune M. McMahon solemnly assert that he would as soon be hanged as stand with or go in this insurrection, if the Earl of Thomond had not certainly known that they had the King's command. Deponent further examined : that after the Castle was given up, 26th September, he and others were conveyed to Bunratty ; saw and observed Donnell O'Brien, and Conor his brother, and Teigue and Dermod, also divers others, especially sundry of the said besiegers (of Ballyala aforesaid), freely entertained by his Lordship at Bunratty with meat, drink, and lodging. And near about the 15th of May last, while Lymerick Castle was besieged, Examinant saw and read an instruction or command REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 207 sent from the said Earl to W. Bridgman, T. CuflFe, and tlie rest, &c., in Ballyalla, straitly charging and commanding them not to sally forth to burn, pillage, or do any execution upon the country people, being (since) they only came for service against them, in regard the chiefest and prime men were then at the siege of Lymerick. By which command his Lordship plainly intended to dissuade the Protestants in the Castle from persecuting or persevering against the rebels. Deponent read the paper, which was subscribed in his Lordship's own hand- writing. That examinant likewise informeth that the said Earl of Thomond doth countenance and protect rebels in those parts and adheres to them (notwithstanding the daily and lamentable murders, strippings, depredations committed by these people upon the English, as is well known to his Lord- ship). Deponent specifies his Lordship's entertainment of and confidence in McNemara of Moyreisk, known to be in actual rebellion and Treasurer of the rebels' fimds in Clare. 2nd. His Lordship remonstrated with the country people for their ingratitude to him in not paying him their rents, who had kept the Sheriff" from burning their houses, robbing and killing their families. 3rdly. That some of the beseegers in parley declared their aim was to drive out all the English and Pro- testants, and keep the castles for themselves. And as to Earl of Thomond they intended to leave him 14 ploughlands for his cattle, untd they saw how he would decide for or against them. But the Earl enjoyeth his stock and undiminished." Andrew Chaplin. Jurat coram P. Blisse J. "Wallace. (821.) The evidence of Edward Mainwaring of Kilmoney is here introduced as bearing upon the line of action taken by the Earl of Thomond: — "Also the said Earl of Thomond, as he pretended for the good of the country, made and appointed certain of his own kindred, all Papists, to be captains and commanders in that county, and to muster and levy men in the same. And assessed and ordered all the English and Irish inhabitants there to bear and pay 1*. for every ploughland to the said captains and soldiers, which M'as paid by those English in those parts for two months together.* And then all those captains and their soldiers fell into open rebellion * Particular Eelations, &c., of Ireland. London, by authority, 1642. 208 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE and robbed and deprived the most of the English of all their goods, as deponent believes, and killed a great number of them. And although the Earl of Thomond was still suffered to enjoy all his means, yet these rebels at length seemed not to care for him (! !) And further, the commanders so appointed by the Earl of Thomond took away all the English arms, and took from them about 17 or 18 castles. And whereas, at the first about 100 English and Dutchmen* offered to take up arms and defend themselves, castles, houses, and goods, and the country so far as they were able ; yet the said Earl of Thomond would not suffer them so to do, but said that course would further provoke and incense the Irish to anger than other- wise. And so the said Earl appointed and gave the rule of the whole country to the captains and commanders as aforesaid (chiefly his own relatives), whom at first he commanded him- self, but after this they seemed not to care for, nor to be commanded by, him." Jurat, 8 Jan., 1643. Edw. Mainwaring. In the letter of the Lords Chief J ustices of date February 8, 1641, the following is to be found : — "And we issued arms also to many noblemen and gentlemen of the Pale, and elsewhere, of the Romish religion, for the defence of their houses against the rebels. Yet much contrary to the expectation of all equall- minded men, and in deceit of the trust reposed in them by this State, and directly contrary as to their loyalty and duty to his Majesty, so to the great professions which they had so lately before made at this Council Board, — many of those, ( — ) as well whole counties, as particular persons entrusted with these arms, revolted to the rebels, carried his Majesty's arms with them, and so the arms, which were trusted into their hands for the protection of his Majesty's good subjects, they converted to the annoyance and destruction (as much as in them lay) of those good subjects they were trusted to protect, and of this State and G overnment, and have not only not resisted the rebels, but have also joined with them, and they and the rebels assembled in arms in hostile manner, with banners displayed against his Majesty, in besieging some of his towns, taking into their pos- session by force or fraud many of his Majesty's burroughs, * These latter must have been settled about Kilrvsh. IIEIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 209 ■\valled and un walled, and in committing murders, spoils, robberies, and many detestable cruelties on his Majesty's good subjects." So far the defence of Ballyalla, conducted by the heroic Mrs. CufFe and her gallant sons — a defence all the more notable from the extremity of the sufferings undergone by the besieged, from their humanity to crowding fugitives, and from their hopeless and unbefriended condition. No help came from Eng- land, no help came from Bunratty, no help came from Galwaj', Army lists of Cavaliers are extant (edited by the very learned E. Peacocke, Esq., and reprinted by Hotten, London, 1863), also of " the army of his Excellency Robert Earle of Essex, of the Eoyal Navie (too), for guard of narrow seas and for Ire- Jand^^ (! !) Lists remain of the " Orthodox (= Puritan) Divines to be consulted with by the Parliament touching the reformation of Church government and tJie Liturgie." There is a list, too, of the field officers chosen and appointed by the Committee at Guild- hall for the Irish Expedition. " London, printed for Edward Paxton, June 11th, 1642 " {supra, page 65). This was to con- sist of "Eegiments of 5,000 Foot and 500 Horse under the command of Philip Lord Wharton, &c." Also in the Eaw- don Papers, Appendix, p. 408, is a memorial addressed to the colonels of the English regiments in Ulster, for the purpose of clothing the troops under their command. This is signed by the members of the Committee for Irish affairs, and dated London, July 8th, 1642. It seems very like a gigantic tailor's bill, such as one meets with in Napoleon's correspondence with Jerome. But it was men and their movements were wanting then, and not " shirtes of Locram at lid. the ell, consigned unto "Wm. Roberto." But neither Cavalier nor Roundhead, neither Orthodox Divine nor Roj'al Navy gave the slightest assistance to the Protestants beleaguered, and stripped, and starved, and slaughtered, from one end of Ireland to another. To succour the Protestants of Ireland and save them from their cruel foes might have been a bad policy for the Saints, as depriving democratic fanatics of so many soldiers to fight the King, as putting in hazard the power and prey they sought through the fall of Charles, the extirpation of the Celts, and the overthrow of the Episcopal Reformed Charch. (See "Warner, ad rem, and An order for the relief of the Pro- testants of Ireland, printed January, 1643.) p 210 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IX THE The 8iege of the Castell of Inchecronane is also given in Cuffe's narratiA'e. This Castle was besiedged the 13 of March, being the daie after they left Balyaly, by Gr. O'Shafnes {sic), and the Grade's, and some Conaght men, that were returning home. Whereupon Anthony Heathcot sent a letter to the Earle of Thomond, pro- mising his Lordship a rick of wheat if his Lordship would be pleased to releve him (! !) Whereupon the Earle sent for D. O'Brien and J. McNemerrowe and their companies to go with him, which they did accordingly, and likewise tuk his one troop and about 50 Englishmen in armes, and went according to Mr. n.'s desire. But before he came to the Castell some of the Irish sent notes to the beseigers, whereupon they removed before his Lordship came. But, however, finding two or three rogues remaining in the bushes, his Lordship kild them. But the rick of wheat by the enemy was burnt (!) Now the Earle returned home. The seidge being cleared, some of the English ven- tured forth to recover fresh provisions. But they ventured not far, but the Gradies and the Rowhans fell upon them and kild 9, suffering only one, Neuman, to return with neus (= news) losing all their peeces. Now Gilladufie (O'Shafnessy) and the rest came against the Castell again, whereupon the aforesaid Heathcot sent to Durmot O'Brien to bring them and their goods off. Whereupon the said Brien ordered the English to give the said Shafnes £20 and so to part with their goods. But they no sooner opened their Castell, but whom pleased entered in, and tuck more of their goods away. Soe some of them were sent to Clare Castell and some came to Ballyaly without any provision to maintain them. But notwithstanding their quarter, they there likewise killed the foresaid Newman there. John Cookson, of Atterglancey (752) Kilkeedy Parish, swears he was turned out of Castle of Dercane (or, quaire, Derryowen) by Ed. O'Hogan of Moghill, and lost cattle, horses, linen, &c. ; also deposes that Christopher Hebridge, Peter Newman, John Twisden, jun., Nicholas Wheeler, one Adams, a collier, and his wife, and the wife of Ed. Coom, and Robt. Hart — all J which were late of Parish of Inchecronane — were murdered by the hands and means of the sons of Johna McThoraas Burk of Kiltarton, in County Galway. He further saith that Catherine KEIGN OF KING CHARLES THE I'lRST. 211 Cookson his wife, and children, were all stripped by Owen McLaughUn. (F. 2, 22. 752) The Siege of Trumeros C.islle. The reader will bear in mind the brief note upon this case made by Mr. CufFe, which is copied above. There is, alas, only too strong evidence to substantiate the case, the evidence of the actors taken at the time. There are also curious and tragic results in the way of retribution recorded. In the edition of O'Flaherty's West Connaught, edited by the learned Mr. Hardiman, and jpublished for the Irish Archixjo- logical Society, at page 407, the following will be found : — "In the beginning of May, 1653, John Browne, of the Isles of Aran, came before the magistrates of Galway and gave information on oath against Col. Edward O'Flaherty and others for the murder of Peter Ward, of Tromragh, in the county of Clare. This O'Flaherty (p. 412) was tried and executed at Galway, where his kindsman the Lord Yiscount Mayo had shortly before suffered for the massacre at Shruel. And thus ignominiously (pursues the learned Archaeologist) perished two of the most leading men of the province at the time, for crimes into which they had been unfortunately urged by the unsettled state of society at that unhappy period. That Colonel E. O'Flaherty considered himself acting in the affair within the rules of legitimate warfare there can be little doubt." His arrest was curious. '•'A party of soldiers was dispatched into lar Connaught in pursuit of the accused. After a long and fruitless search the party was returning, and passing beside a small dark wood near Renville their attention was attracted by the unusual noise and croaking of ravens, hovering in the air towards the centre of the wood. On arriving at the spot over which the birds still continued on the wing, the soldiers discovered a cavity in the rock, from which they drew forth a miserable-looking man, who was soon recognised as the unfortunate object of their pursuit. With him they found a poorly-attired and emaciated female, who afterwards proved to be his wife — the daughter of Sir Christopher Garvey of Lehinch, in the county of Mayo." " And truly who had seen them would have said they had p 3 212 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE been rayther ghosts than men, for pitifully looked they, pyned away for Avant of food, and altogether ghastly with fear." (See more from Sir H. Bingham's Discourse Cotton Lib., British Mus. Titus B. 13.) Ilis Examination Ensues. Being examined how long he was in arms against the Com- monwealth of England, saith, he was called hither to this town of Galway by the Archbishop of Tuam (Titular), who was President, and by Fra Blake of Galway, who was then Com- mander-in-Chief of the forces in this said town of Galway, raised against the fort, that he came and assisted with his com- pany in besieging said fort. Then he went to the isles of Aran and continued until he wore out his welcome with the islanders, " upon which he and company went in their boats to the county of Clare to a castle named Tromroe, which was possessed by one Mr. Ward, whom he heard was an honest gentleman, and never heard of him before and neither doth know of what religion or nation he was of (??!). And came to said castle 1 May, 1642, in the beginning of the night — within musket shot of said castle — to a house where he and his com- pany kept their Court of Guard. Before their coming to the said house they made some shots from the castle at him, and continued shooting all night, with which shots some of his men were wounded. Then his men attacked the castle ' by the hall, which was joining the castle.' They then stormed the castle, and continued from Sunday night to "Wednesday morn- ing, at which time conditions were made by John Ward for his own life with Teige O'Brien and the (Par.) Priest, — which said John this examinant employed as a messenger to his father in the said castle, desiring him to take quarter several times. He would not take quarter of Belian or Scuell [sic). On Wed- nesday Ward's two daughters and two younger sons came out, also an Englishman and his wife. The son and heir of P. Ward came out on Tuesday and was slained in the way by Sorrell Folone (= Fooloo or Foley), who is now gone with Cusack. He gave quarter to each one that came out of the castle except him that was killed as aforesaid. P. Ward did keep his chamber in the said castle from Tuesday night until Wed- nesday morning, and that the said Peter Ward's wife was slain REIGN OF KING CIIAKLES TRE FIRST. 213 by a sliot tlirougli the window of the said chamber by whom he did not know. And further saith, he ordered his men to keep said P. W. awake, with intention to give him quarter (! !), and the said P. Ward making a thrust out of the door with some weapon was taken by the arm, drawn forth and slained. He defended himself in his chamber for twenty-four hours after the rest went forth. He conveyed seven persons safe to Ri. TVhite of Kilmurry, which was the place they desired to go unto. He and company plundered the house and divided it on Stranee island. He forced John Browne, a drummer, to go with him And being demanded wherefore he came not under protection, answered, because he was a/raid in respect of (he act he had committed. And further saith not Edmd. Flaherty." Let a few words be added from the evidence of John Ward, who escaped with his life. " On 25 Apl. 1643, saith (examined) that on the 17 Apl. 1642, saith Peter, Alson (Mrs.) and George Ward were in a most cruel and rebellious manner murdered and stripped by the hands of E. O'Flahertie Esqre. and others of his confede- rates (manner much as related by E. F.) .... he shot or caused to be shot Alson (Mrs.) under the right side with a bullet whereof she died immediately, and likewise gave George 18 (! !) wounds whereof he instantly died on 20th. Peter Ward together with said Alson and George, was stripped and they three buried in or near the said castle walls, from whence by direc- tions of Donnell O'Brien of Douagh Esqre. in said Com. they were removed and enterred in the parish church of Kilmurry aforesaid. Yet, notwithstanding, D. McScanlane McGorman of Dunsallagh, in the said Com. Mass Priest, caused their corps to be digged up again, and buried without in the church- yard for no other cause as far as Deponent could learn, but that they said that no unsanctified or heretical corps of Protestants (as they term them) must remain within their churches. "This Deponent saith, that the said Ed. F. was abetted, counselled, and assisted in said rebellious and traiterous design by the undernamed persons, namely, Donnough O'Brien of Newtowne, M. McDermot of Tromoroe, T. McDermot, Conor D. Richd. Fitzpatrick (Seneschal of Ibrikane, and then and now receiver to E. Thomond). Don O'Brieu possessed himself 214 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE of £100 of P, W.'s cattle, which he detaineth to this day. Hugh* McCoutten also did use to take a note in writing of the beseegers, openly extolling them for their valour and good service," &c., &c. (Depositions, Clare, vol. xxi., page 709.) The traveller from Kilkee northward by the coast road, after emerging out of the valley through which the Annagh river tumbles in a cascade over a ledge of rocks and then runs into Lough Donald, has a noble coast and sea view to re- ward him. In clear weather along the horizon before him, the Nine Pins of Connemara rear their sharpened summits. From the further side of these O'Flaherty started on his expedition to Galway. To the left hand stand the cliffs of Moher and the Hag's Head facing the Atlantic. Further sea- ward may be discerned the long, low, " kidney-shapecV Isles of "Aran," at the opening of Galway Bay. Here O'Flaherty made the final rendezvous for his raid into Clare. Nearer hand, with many a bluff promontory intervening, Spanish Point still receives the resounding shock of the ceaseless Atlantic surges. Approaching the western limits of this glorious panorama of land and water, stands, well in shore, Straw, now called IMutton Island, where O'Flaherty divided the booty and refused that silver goblet to Browne, the drummer — an act which Browne neither forgot nor forgave after over ten years' time. Close to the beach of the ked strand, Tra-moroe Castle (so called) still rears its lonely, lofty head. And bounding all, is found Kilmurry Churchyard, from the cousecrated precincts of which were so piously ejected the gashed and mangled remains of the gentleman and his offspring, of whose name, religion, or nation, O'Flaherty and his piratical crew swore they were ignorant. And yet, " acting within the rules of legitimate warfare, and urged by the unsettled state of societj'^," they foully put them to death. Moygh and Incldveaglie Castles. In the list of castles held by English are the following : — ^ No. 15. — Moygh Castle. Held by George Norton. 1 No. 16. — InchiA'eagh.c. Held by Simson and others. • Qua3re McCurtin, ancestor of the two Irish writers. REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 215 There are also two other castles to which reference must be made, viz. : — The Castle of Dough, also The Castle of Ballinalacken, both the property of Donogh O'Brien. Of this gentleman's descent the particulars will be found in " Memoirs of O'Briens," pp. 545 and 549. He came of a stock which sprung from Brian Boroihme, monarch of Ireland, through Donald, second son of Conor, ancestor of the extinct Earls of Thomond and Viscounts Clare. His conduct stands in strong contrast with that of O'Flahert}^ and of the other chieftains of his name and country. (See Carte ad rem.) His territorial position was considerable. (See Letter of King James I.) Among the valuable papers in the Ennistymon House Collec- tion, kindly placed at the writer's disposal by Mrs. McNamara, there is a lease between Captain D. O'Brien, of the one part, and John Simpson and William King well, on the other, of cer- tain lands and tenements. These English settlers, with a sad forecasting, covenanted inter alia, And it is also agreed that if thre hapen any wai-res, mutanie or re- bellion insomuch as the aforesaid or their assigns be forced from the same lands so that they may not enjoy it, During such, no rents to be payed or demanded, John Smsox, his X marke. Wir. KiNGWELL. These two write the following letter, joined by another, \iz., Robert Boothe : — To Captn O'Brien. Worthie Sir, — Oiu- service love and prayers for youi- happiness alvraies premised. "Wliereas youwi'it unto us concerning om- removall and like- wise the children of Johna Steele, — so it is that " forasmuch as the children hath scene the lamentable i^ros^ed of their father's, brother's" and mother's murther done before the castle windoio, they are become so exceeding fearful that they will not leave the Castle or venture them- selves abroad at all, except vre should put them out by violence. But, God forbid that ever we shoiUd be so inhumane and uunatui-al towards them. As concerning their goods we have sent you a true inventory of all that which is with us except what is in the lofts which are kept . . Mr. O'Brien your servant will deliver you up the keys thereof, neither shall they be opened by God's grace, 'till such time as your worship Hliall be at the opeumg of them. And as concerning that Uttle provision which they have, in regard we 216 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE are so near and dear unto them, doubt not, we pray you, but it shall be drest (?) ordered and husbanded as well as can be possible even as long as it will last. Now as concerning ourselves, we stand here by God's providence and your worship's gracious favor shewn long towards us. And therefore, come life or death, if God and yr worship be so i)leased, we desire that we all may continue here, until such time as it please God to deliver us, to the end that we may praise Him and express our great gratitude to 3'rself. Notwithstanding, if anything here be iu any way displeasing unto you, we beseech you to grant your servants only a month's respite, about whiclic time by God's grace, we will be so farre from giving yr worship any discontent, that we will rather give you a full satisfactory answer. Soe, remitting you to the graciovas protection of the Almighty, we rest and will remain your wp's very loving fi-iends and servants, EoBT BoGTiiE, Jxo SiMSON, and Wii Kingwell. Dated from Tullareigh, this 21st April 164-2. Superscribed To the worshippfuU and very much respected friend and land- lord Captn Danl O'Brien These with our service present. The following is the solemn testimony of Captain Norton as to the transactions in this remote district during these sad times, and it gives a vivid picture of what the English suffered, and how D. O'Brien befriended them : — I Captn G Norton of Cloughlea in Coy of Cork, an English Protestant resident in the beginning of the late rebellion and before at Mooh (Moy) Castle in the parish of Kilfarboy, three miles N of Miltowu Mal- bay (the ruins of the Castle shew it to have been a place of consider- able strength. His Mem O'B. p 489) in the Barony of Ilirickane, which is two miles distant fi-om Dough, in which Danl O'Brien of Dough alwaies was resident, ;it- tlie instance of the sd Danl do honestly certify that tlic sd Jhiiil (yUrieii. in tin' i/rms and from the King (all in the way of loyalty ! ) the free and public exercise of the Catholic religion." "And doubtless," he adds, " there was manifest in this determination a ray of Divine wisdom (!) for, despite jealousies, they at once united to oppose the Eng- lish, to open the churches, to dismiss the heretic ministers, to recall the parish priests and bishops ; and succeeded so far in establishing religious worship that, the Christian world at large, and especially the English Catholics, were in the greatest hope .266 THE DIOCESE OP KILLALOE, ETC , IN THE of restoring the same public worship in England by the example, and with the assistance of the Irish " (p, 486). And as to what " dismissing the heretic ministers " means, the Nuncio is clear enough in a case occurring in Limerick city : — " I took the opportunity of entreating the citizens, as I had done the Supreme Council, to forbid the public preaching of heretical ministers in this city, within certain antient ruins of a monas- tery of St. Augustine — a desecration I have always bitterly felt, and of which there is not another ex imple in any of these confederate towns. Many difficulties must be overcome on account of the number of heretical professors in the city, yet God will perhaps reveal some way to obtain our desire " (192). But, independently of the fanatical intolerance of the Nuncio insisting upon the cessation of public worship by the members of the Reformed Church in Ireland, while he himself claimed liberty of conscience for the Roman Catholics, Ormond was so far overpowered by the urgent conditions of the King's affairs, and the desire to conciliate the Irish, that among the articles of the treaty signed conditionally between him and the Confede- rates, the Sixth runs thus, to the utter extinction of Protes- tantism in the Diocese of Killaloe in particular (had the treaty been carried into effect). " That the plantation of Con- naught, Kilkenny, Clare, Thomond, Tipperary, Limerick, and Wickloe, may be revoked by Act of Parliament, and their estates secured in the next sessions." Thus Ormond proposed his peace, and the Confederates were disposed to accept it, in which, among other conditions, the forfeited ecclesiastical pro- perty was to be left in the hands of the existing professors, very much as Cardinal Pole had arrranged for it in Queen Mary's time (see Yind. Cath.) But Rinunccini insisted that this pro- perty should be all resumed by the Ecclesiastical Corporations as before Henry YIII.'s time. The cathedrals, churches, and places of worship were to be left in Protestant hands so far as they were holding them. But the Nuncio insisted that all were to be given up. The tythes, church lands, and revenues were impounded, and used for secular purposes — mainly to carry on the war — these the Nuncio insisted should be all given back in perpetuity to the Roman Catholic Church, and so forth in every item of advantage. In fact, the Church of Rome was to have all; and, as for the Church of Ireland, " now that it was down, REIGK OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 267 let it rise up no more," M^as the stern demand of the Nuncio. For this he argued and excommunicated ; for this he imprisoned the chief confederates, joined the trucid O'Neill, aimed at the taking of Dublin, and so " destroy the heretics " (p. 437), and, in one word, filled Ireland with a protracted confusion and bloodshed. Nothing could exceed his rage when it was pro- posed that even Clojme Cathedral should continue in the hands of the Reformed (pp. 390, 475). But it was not alone in obstructing the peace or protracting the cessation that the Nuncio was so active ; he was equally energetic in the field of battle. One does not wonder to read that in those days of universal battling Preston issued from Birr and took the strong castle and important town of Roscrea. It is only what might be expected that Purcell, with a party of Munster men, had to fling himself into county Clare to watch the O'Briens, who were taking occasion to raise disturbance. (Vindic. Hib. Ch. 14, p. 133.) That Carte tells us of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Killaloe being in arms and worsted in a severe engagement near Quin, and being wellnigh taken and hanged, is but what is due to the warlike blood of the old Dalcassian stock of the O'Molonys. But the Nuncio's performances at Bunratty exceed all these ; nay, even that exploit of Ever MacMahon, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Clogher, who so bravely, but unwisely, conflicted with Coote near Letterkenny. The writer of the " Yindiciae," though making much of the taking of Bunratty, uses but few words (p. 32) : "In the ensuing summer of 1646 the war was waged with sufficiently happy issues by the Catholics, for both Roscommon was taken by Preston and Bunratty by Mus- kerry — both being important strongholds of the Enemy." But not so hastily or carelessly does the Nuncio write of the taking of Bunratty. In March he announces that the Earl of Tho- mond joined the Parliamentarians. Barnaby, Earl of Tho- mond, had not joined the Irish massacre of 1641, but neither would he join against it (so Carlyle). He apologized to the King's Lieutenant on that occasion, said he had no money, no force, — retired with many apologetic bows into England to the King himself, leaving his unmoneyed Castle of Bunrath to the King's Lieutenant, who straightway found some 2,000/. of good money lying hid in it, " buried in the walls," and cheerfully 268 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN THE appropriated tlie same. "The modesty of the Earl's desires " (T. Carlyle thinks) must relate to this 2,000/. that it might be acknowledged as a debt, and allowed on the Earl of Peter- borough's estate. (See Ludlow, i. 21, Whitlocke, 2nd Edn., pp. 201, 420 ; Commons Journal vi., 279, 445 ; Collins Peerage, ii., 216.) These are authorities ad rem by T. Carlyle. Cromwell's letter runs thus : — To the Eight Honble. Sir James Harrington, Kuight, of the Council of State. These — London, 9 July, 164'?. Sir— You see by the enclosed, how gi-eat damage, the Earl of Tho- mond hath sustained by these Troubles and what straits he and his family are reduced unto by reason hereof. You see tlie modesty of his desires to be such as may well merit consideration I am confident that wh he seeks is not so much the advantge of himself, as out of a desire to preserve his Son in Law the Earl of Peterborough's fortune and family from ruin. If the result of the favour of the house fall upon him although but in this way, its very probable it will oblige his Lordship to endeavour the peace and quiet of this Commonwealth, which wUl be no disservice to the State — perhaps of more advantage than the extremity of his fine. Besides, you showing i-cadiness to do a good office herein will very much oblige. Sir jr Oliver Cuomwell. July 3 the Nuncio dates from " Camp at Bunratty," and infers from the victory at Benburb, that " this peace is impossible, and the question must be decided by arms." He adds, for Cardinal Pamphili's delectation, " Fearing that the siege of Bun- ratty would be abandoned by the troops owing to their want of pay, I have come to the Camp and brought all the money I had left and some of my own also to lend to them, and I will not leave the place until I see a certainty of success, or else that victory is despaired of." Vindicating himself in his Report on the affairs of Ireland (p. 497), he relates how the Earl of Thomond took part with the Parliamentarians, and gave them up his Castle at Bunratty. He expresses distrust of Muskerry, and anticipates a very protracted siege to meet some dark purpose of Ormond's. He determines to go there in person, and in the twelve days that he remained at Bunratty the siege was concluded. lie provided everything that was needed, lent money to prevent any shadow of excuse, inspected the batteries himself, and at the conclusion of the siege he had the English ensigns carried through the city REIGN OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST. 2G9 of Limerick as a trophy of the Catholic religion. On the 19th July he writes in glowing exultation (p. 191) : "The taking of Bunratty is of no small consideration to Munster and to the city of Limerick; and although the money employed was not sent direct from Rome, I have at all events lent some of ray own, and having given in persoii and otherwise constant assul- ance during the siege, the people recognised it as an apostolic undertaking of the same kind as all the rest.'" Poor Colonel McAdam and the other brave soldiers in the castle doubtless thought somewhat differently, and regarded the whole action of the assailants as rather diabolic than apostolic. Rinunccini is related to have been so intensely fascinated with the glory of these battles and brave doings in Ireland during his mission, that upon his return to Italy he caused frescoes of them to be painted in his archiepiscopal palace at Fermo. What a pity that the jealousy or bad taste of his successor caused these to be destroyed ! " How gladly would the pilgrim turn to the pictures of Bunratty !" exclaims Mr. Meehan in his " Confede- rates," &c. No doubt of this. Life is short, art is long. The painter, next to the poet, must needs follow the footsteps of the great, the brave, and the good ; and if a befitting motto is needed to draw the moral out of each event, the Nuncio " inspecting the batteries" of Mucegros old Castle of Bunratty, built " to coerce the rebels," deserves the apposite memento, " The weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds," for " the servant of the Lord must not strive." Another castle of consequence in Clare escaped for the present. Taaffe, in 1648, wrote a letter to the Governor warning him to prepare himself for a very serious assault or siege. Lord Taaffe to Governor of Clare Castle. I am informed that you take very little care or regard to provide maintenance for the garrison I appointed at Clare, whereat I may advertise your being very sensible of the consequences therefrome of that place stands upon. Now I pray and require you to provide an undelayed route for provisions for that gairison from time to time untill my coming to those partes, where they may pretend no excuse to neglect the security thereof. Otherwise uppon the first intimation of the failure herein I cannot but direct the said warder to take up means wherewith it may be had upon that country which may tend 270 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., IN TTIE to the great prejudice of some particular persons there. The disorder and blame thereof cannot but be imputed to you. Tlierefore I pray let not the said warders have any further cause of complaint in this particular, otherwise you will hazard the securitie of the said place, ■whereby you may prejudice the public, and specially incur the high displesuie of yr very loving friend, Taaffe. Drumriske Campe, 16 Augt. 1648. Here too it was that Ormond rested a few days, and en- deavoured to treat with the infatuated men of Limerick city — but in vain. Ormond by flying from Dublin had checkmated the Nuncio, Ormond being afterwards beaten by Jones, and failing to take Dublin, the fate of the Irish Catholics was sealed to the sword of Cromwell. O'Neill now accepts far less advantageous conditions from artful Geo. Monk, than had been scoffed at before when coming from Ormond. The liierarchy in 1649, assemble at Clonmacnoise, and ostentatiously issue in- effectual appeals and verbose regrets over concord lost and dangers coming. They advise devotion at the altar, censure the " otiosi juvenes " or " play boys," as if these were the authors of the prevalent violence and shocking mischief so rife — recognise the wrath of God come and coming again upon the land. Here for once they were right, also in not damnifying Ormond, as it was expected they were to have done. And these Bishops, if not wringing their hands in useless agony, perhaps at least not without trembling hands, did they take up their pens. And among the rest of them one who subscribed to the Clonmacnoise paper the name — "Joan (O'Molony) Ens Laonen." But it is all in vain in the present state of progress attained for these Bishops to try to break or unravel the fatal threads of a destiny deliberately woven by themselves and others into a winding-sheet for Ireland. And thus this intensely wretched period closes. How any one could call it one of "joy and hope" (see Cogan*s Meath) seems a piece of strange misjudging. The members of the Reformed Church in Killaloe Diocese, as much if not more so than any others elsewhere in Ireland, are now for some twenty years ground between the upper and nether millstones of the Long Parliament and the Roman Curia. Dr. Gauden, in his REIGN OF KIXG CHAIU-ES THE FIRST. 271 elaborate Suspiria (at B. 1, ch. iv.) weeps for the English Church thus : — " My wounds, ray wastes, my rums, my deformities, my desolations are not by the barbarous inundations of Goths and Vandals, not by the rude invasions of Saracens and Turks, not by the severe Inquisitions and cruel persecutions of Papists. I do not owe my miseries to the incursions of foreigners to a nation of strange language, of professed enmity, of different interests and religion. They are not professed Neroes, Domi- tians, Diocletians, and Julians, heathen princes, and persecu- tors that have done me this despight, for then perhaps I and my children could have borne it as did the martyrs of old. But alas ! I am ambiguously wounded by those that are of my own house, family, and profession, that have been washed at my baptismal font, tasted of my sacramental bread - these have lifted up their heel against me, ' by these I am hated and despised,' stripped and wounded, torn and mangled, im- poverished and debased below any Church — Christian or Re- formed." And who shall lament loud enough, who raise the Threnodia of tender pathos long enough over one of the dioceses which has suffered "in the fury of the times" (see Act of Settlement) at once from English democratic fanaticism and from Ultramon- tane intolerance, from Papists and foreigners speaking a strange tongue, alike as from those of our own blood — a Diocese at once widowed by the death of brave Dr. Edward Parry, bereaved by the massacre and expulsion of her sons and daughters, beggared by the abstraction of her resources, and left without altar or service of praise by the seizure and sacrilege of her shrines. The motto on our title page is not ill-chosen, when such chapters form so large a part of the history of Killaloe. Nay, it is most true. And then, and since, and yet onwards into the future, let it be even so "If the Lord had not been on our side when men rose up against us." For some further details concerning Rinunccini, O'Neile, Monk, MacAdam, and Bunratty, see Appendix No. "VT. CHAPTER VII. THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE UNDER THE USURPATION. It may be well to call attention to a few facts occurring just before armaments of the Usurpation burst like a tornado upon Ireland. And first in reference to the relief and assistance of the Pro- testants in Ireland, and how it did not come until too late for their deliverance, The King piteously protested that he might wash his hands in his tears as to the sad apprehensions he had to see the rebellion spread so far and make such waste, and this at a time when distractions and jealousies in England made most men rather intent on their own safety or designs, than to the relief of those who were every day inhumanly butchered in Ireland. He affirms solemnly that he had offered to go him- self in person upon the Irish expedition, and draws the just inference that next to the sin of those who began the rebellion, theirs must needs be who either hindered the speedy suppress- ing of it by domestic dissensions, or diverted the aids or exas- perated the rebels to the most desperate resolutions and actions. (See Eikon Bas., p. 76.) On the other hand, appears " An order of the Lords and Commons in Parliament for the relief and assistance of the Protestants in Ireland, also several votes concerning the securing the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales, ordered to be printed and published for T. Wright. London, 16-43, Jany. 4." Now although securities are here engaged to victuallers for supplies to be rendered in Dublin, Youghall, Carrigvergus, and London- derry to the amount of £35,000, still several votes resolved THE BTOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC. 273 " That the several Commissions granted under the great seal to the Lieutenants of Counties were illegal, also any action by the militia in Wales without the consent of both Houses." And again, in "A Declaration with Additional Reasons, Sabbathi, 12 Martii, 1641, ordered to be forthwith published," tlie Com- mons, enumerating "the causes of their fears and jealousies," charged upon the King the design of altering the religion of the nation — of the war in Scotland being chiefly procured and fomented by the Papists to make way for this effect — also " that the rebellion in Ireland was framed and contrived here in England, and that the English Papists should have risen about the same time." And the Commons, in their " Additional Reasons" at p. 7, charge the King with leaving Whitehall, " out of a design to discourage the undertakers and hinder the other provisions for raising money for defence of Ireland. And that this will very much hearten the rebels there and the disaffected in England," &c. We leave the victory in this dispute to which side soever the reader may incline, content to have brought to light the fact that while two great parties in England were engaged in mortal combat, the interests of the Churchmen of Ireland in their hour of supreme distress were postponed or only taken up as supplying the combatants with fresh firebrands to fling at one another. In reference to the means to be procured for carrying on the service for Ireland, a Committee treated with the Common Council of the City of London for borrowing the sum of £120,000. And the Common Council reported that the security proposed was not sufficient, and that a further security would be requisite. And accordingly the House made some further progress for the encouragement of such as shall advance money upon Deans' and Chapter lands, and passed further orders for the advance of money and provisions for the service of Ireland. (Mod. Intel. Ap. 12 to 18, and Perf. Diur., May 19, cited in Cromwelliana, p. 58.) This is the third instance of the secu- larizing of Church funds from the Reformation to the Revolu- tion, the loyalty of the Irish Chieftains being purchased in the first case, the services of an Irisb soldiery secured in the second, and an English invading force provided in the third. As to the main agent and leader of the Irish Expedition, it may be noted that there was printed, in 1642, " A list of the T THE DIOCESE OF Klli-OjOX, ETC., &M-o&!ras dMKm and i^pcmted for the Jiish. Expediticai bv ~ tiie Goimtfee, GnOdhall, Loiid"G aitextiox ix "the Service ry Ihelavd " is, the Majxb or the Cox- utebcjis. C'lixer Crcm-ss"ell jiiT-ined a career of victory north and so"aiL. fr;m "lie Boyre tie Snir. And ere he coold rauquish lie Tresiii:^ j-jnicrs c-f tie Inland. Tras recalled to eany on •:a.£: at: :ai; ag-ainft -Lhe Sec is. HoireTer Le left beiiind him in Ire::!, a Hen'ti-iTiX ■srLo -sras Trell atle to fiaili the terrors of his f-srcrd aiid t.o eniorc-e the rigours of his intcleranoe in the faces c f lis Irlih antag'onists. " The i-langhter at Drogheda," rerQi^rkj Lu'dloTr ip. 117 1. ••'continued with extraordinarv seTeiity t.o discoiirag-e others from making opposition.-" "I do nc»t "belieTe. neither do I hear," obserres O. Cromwell him- Sfeli. rtT>orting this Tictory, to Bradshaw ( Letters and Speeches hy Caihle, iL l4^ , " that any o£c-er escaped with his Hfe saxe only one Hentenant, who I hear going to the enany said that he was the only man that escaped of all the garrison. The enemy nx-cn this were filied with much terror. And trciy I heliexe this bitterness will save mtich effusion of blood thromgh the goodness of God. I wiih that all honest hearts may give the glor^ oj ihit to God alom, to whom indeed the OTDER THE USTRPATIOX. 275 praise of this merey belongs." So above he remaxks, " Being entered, we refused them qnarter, having the day be- fore snnunoned the town. I beUere we pat to the sword the whcle number of the defendants. I do not think thirty of the whole number escaped with their lives. Those that did are in safe custody for Barbadoes." And writing to Lenthall, he dwdls upon this unirersal slangihter, and points to whom it was due in his persuasion : — The Gorernor Sir A. Ashton and direts considerable oS : in die MiD-MoinitT oor men getting op to tfaem, were ordered pmt fhem all to fke gword. And iodeed bemg in the heat cc u. . : I forbad them to wpare amy fiat were im arma im tie ioirm, and I think that night th^ pot to the sword about 2j000 men. I am pmmaded Oat tkia U a righteomg jmdgtmad cf God wpom fkeu barharoms vretdtet, mho have imbrued their lianda in mndi innocent blood, and that it will toid to preroat the effosion of blood (or the future. Which are the satis- factCKj gnmnd to snch actions, which otherwise caamot bat work remorse and regret And now give me leave to say horn U eame* to pagt tkat fhi» vrark is wromykt. It nas set upon »Hne of oor hearts that a great thing should be done, not hj power or mi^it, fraf ty &e Spirit of God. Amd it it mot to, eteariy That whii^ caosed joor men to stonn, comageooslj. It was the Spirit of God, that gave poor men courage and took it away again ; and gave the enemy com^^ and took it awar again ; and ^ve yoor mai comage again, and thore with this bappr resolt. And there&Re U it goad tkat Gad olome hare aB Ae gH'yrtf. ^Ubi sopia.) Into the Christian ethics or common humanity of all this no inquiry is made, but only into the military policy thereof. This one thing is to be shown. Here is the man and the manner of man, who now begins to overrun and overpower Ireland, " an armed soldier, terrible as death, relentless as doom, doing God's judgments, as he believes, on the enemies of God," not relying so much on his Commission from Par- liament, as upon a direct impulse, a guiding providence and special mission from Him, who declares " vengeance is mine^ I win repay." And what makes this terrible butchery at Drogheda all the more remarkable, is the contrast of action and sentiment in the very same man after he had threshed the Scots so com? pletely at Dunbar. Giving Secretary LenthaU a gracious " prospect of ome of the most signal mercies God hath done for F.nglaHwl and his 276 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., people in this war,'^ he adds, as a special feature (Letters, iii. 46) :— Since we came in Scotland, it hath been onr desire and longing to have avoided blood in this business, by reason tliat God hath a people here fearing His name, though much deceived. And to that end ive offered ■much love unto such in the bowels of Christ and concerning the truth of our hearts herein, have we appealed unto the Lord. The ministers (= clergy) of Scotland have hindered the passage of these things to the hearts of those, to whom we intended them. And now we hear, that not only the deceived people, but some of the ministers are fallen in this battle. This is the great hand of God, and worthy of the consideration of all those who take into their hands the instrument.s of a foolish shephei'd — to wit, meddling with worldly politics and mixtures of earthly power, to set up that which they call the Kingdom of Christ, which is neither it, nor if it were, would such means be found effectual to that end— and (who) neglect or trust not to, the Word of God, the sword of the Sjjirit, which is alone powerful and able for the setting up of that kingdom ; and when trusted to, will be found effectually able to that end, and will also do it. This is humbly ofi'ered, for their sakes, who were lately too much turned aside. That they might return again to preach Jesus Christ, according to the simplicity of the Gospel — and then no doubt they will discern and find your protection and encourage- ment. Your most obedient servant, Oliver Chomwell. And certainly the extraprdinary severity had much of the desired effect in Ireland. For this discouragement, together with the smouldering discontents kept in motion by the Regulars, whom Rinunccini had instructed so to work (see Vindic. Cathol. sub fin.), made the conquest of Ireland a com- paratively easy task, always allowing for the desperate resist- ance Cromwell met from An. O'Neill in the bloody breach at Clonmel, and at another well-known place. As an illustration of this want of true courage exhibited by the Irish in the presence of the Parliamentarian aims, a curious account is found in the "Perfect Diurnal of June 27, 1653," which records — What new mercy we have been made partakers of, as follows. On June 13 a very good service was performed at Neddeen, in the County of Kerry, against O'Sullivan's and Lieut. -Col. O'Brien's party, who came close to the said fort about break of day in the absence of Capt. Bar- rington with the purpose to undo his quarters, which they thought infallibly to compass, being in number COO or 400 men. But those few horse which we had, prepared to charge them and came up to them as they were on the furnace on the land of Dunkeirane, where the enemy UNDER THE USUlirATlON. 277 were ready to entertain tliem (in appearance) four times so many more as they were, and |>nt in snrli a postm-e to fight, having before possessed themselves of a few cows they took near the fort. But it pleased the Lord to give (such) courage to our horse though few, that they charged them through and through, and routed them, and in their route, they killed no less than 60 of their men, also several officers of distinction (named). In achieving of this service there were not 30 Horse and but two files of Foot, which Capt. Baimard brought up to relieve the horse. So that it is the opinion of many that it was tlie desperatesfc service, and as well managed, as hath been perforniLd in ^Miuister these many days, and is hoped will be the break-neck and undoing of all the Tories in those Western parts, all their arms or the greatest part of them, being left behind them. I have sent you the following list of the Regiments established here for the service in Ireland : — Eight {sic) Regiments of Horse — His Excellency General Cromwell's. General Fleetwood's. Lieut-General Ludlow's. Com. -General Reynolds'. Sir Cha. Coot's. Colonel Henry Cromwell's. Colonel Sankey's. Two Regiments Dragoons — Colonel Abbot's. Colonel Ingoldsby's. Foot— Twelve Regiments, 1,200 in each — General Cromwell's. General Fleetwood's, Major-General Waller's. Sir Cha. Coote's. Colonel Howson's. Colonel Vcnables'. Colonel Stubber's. Colonel Axtel's. Colonel Laurence's. Colonel Phaire's. Colonel Sadler's. Colonel Clark's. Lord Clanrickarde's house at Portumna having been sur- rendered, with 6,000 acres of land around designed for Lord H. Cromwell, and a castle being built on Derry Island, just opposite, for the purpose, as local tradition still maintains, of keeping a watch and a restraint against any further hostile movements of the Clanrickarde, Sir Dermot O'Shagnessy's castle of Gorteen-she-gore having been stormed. Colonel Connor O'Brien, of Lemaneigh, having been slain in an affair near the pass of Inchicronane, and his castle, on being found 278 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., " indifferent strong," having been occupied ; a garrison also having been put into Killaloe, and an hospital set up for the sick and invalids ; Clare Castle, too, having been surrendered, and Carrigaholt taken, and abundant store of guns being provided for a siege-train in the ships of the Parliament now riding at anchor in the Shannon, the siege of Limerick was safely begun, with a good prospect of a successful issue. And here one is tempted to reproduce a touch or two of the quaint picture which Ludlow drew of himself during this campaign in Clare. Ilaiang caught cold sleeping in his tent on the hill near Clare Castle, doubtless near Carnelly, he finds himself much discomposed. But, unwilling to quit the charge committed to his care, he cloathes himself as warm as he could, putting on a fur coat over his buff, and an oiled one over that, by which means he prevents the further increase of his dis- temper ; and so orders his quarters that night that he has his own bed to rest in, set up in an Irish cabin, where, about break of day, he falls into so \'iolent a sweat that he is obliged to keep with him two troops of horse, for his guard, after he had given orders for the rest to march. With these he over- takes the party on their bleak road to Carrigaholt, the wind and hail beating so violently in their faces that the horses often turned about ; also the foot having to wade an arm of the sea (doubtless, at Eathaniskey). All, however, does him no serious harm, even though he apprehended much evil from the fact that the sumpter-horse, which carried " his waters and medicines," fell into the river at Bunratty, and they were lost. On the south of Limerick the operations are thus recorded hy Cromwell himself, in a letter to Hon. John Bradshaw, dated Cashel, March 5, 1649 (Carlyle, II., 233) :— It hath pleased God still to enlarge your interest here. The Castle of Cahir, very consideral)lc, built upon a rock, and seated in an island in the midst of the Suir, ^vas lately rondorod to me. It cost the Ear. of Essex, as I am informed, about eight weeks' siege with his army and artillexy. (But see State papers.) It is now yours, without the loss of one man. So, also, is the Castle of Kiltinan, a very large and strong castle of the Lord of Dnnboyne's. This latter I took in with my cannon, without the loss of a man. We have taken the Castle of Golden Bridge, another pass npon the Suir; as also the Castle of Dundrum, in which wu lost about six men. Colonel Zanchy, who com- manded the party, bciiig shot through the hand. We have placed another strong garrison at Ballynakill, upon the edge of the King's and UNDER THE USURrATlOX. 279 Queen's Counties. "We have divers garrisons in the County Limerick, and by tliese we take awaj^ the enemy's subsistence and diminish their contributions ; by which, in time, I hope they will sink. The further military operations by which this result was brought about are thus summarized by Cox (II., p. 56), as taking place along the eastern side of the Diocese of Killaloe : — Ireton marched on to Sir Charles Coote ; and, having joined, they went to Athlone ; but the bridge being broken, and the town on the Leinster side burned, Ireton left Coote there ; and having in his way taken two castles in MacConghlan's country, together with Birr, which the Irish had deserted and burnt, he came before Limerick ; but finding the year far spent, and that Limerick could not be forced, unless it were attacked on both sides the river, he endeavoured to get Killaloe pass; and so, having taken Nenagh, Castletown(arra), and Dromineer, he went into winter quarters in Kilkenny on the 10th of November. In the meantime, part of the Marquis of Clanrickarde's forces had retaken Birr, and the other two castles in the MacCoghlan's country, and pretended to relieve Athlone if it should be distressed. Whereupon Colonel Axtell, Governor of Kilkenny, being joined with the "Wexford and Tipperary forces at Roscrea, encountered them near Meelick Island (a pass or ford a few miles below Banagher) on the 25th October, and gave them a sore defeat, killing 1,500 men, and taking 200 horse and uU their baggage. Ludlow (p. 151) gives a curious account of an interview he had with an unlucky Tipperary boy taken in arms : — " Having finished our affairs at Kilkenny, and dismissed the officers to their respective quarters, I resolved to go to Portumna to make all things ready for the siege of Galway. Being on my march on the other side of Nenagh, an advanced party found two of the rebels, one of whom was killed by the guard before I came up to them ; the other was saved. And being brought before me at Portumna, and I asking him ' if he had a mind io be hanged ? ' he only answered, ' // i/oii please,' so insensibly stupid were many of these poor creatures." Stupid, indeed, few of them were by nature, or under ordinary circumstances, but the terror of the Cromwellians was upon their hearts, and this doubtless drew from the party in question so strange though polite a reply. Sir Hardress Waller also chastized the 280 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., O'Loughlins of Burren severely, laying their country waste, and seizing -what he could, that it might be no longer useful to the enemy." It must be added that, in 1651, Ireton placed a strong garrison in Castle Connell, while on the march to blockade Limerick. With the fall of Limerick and the surrender of Galway the conquest of the "West was completed. The second head of inquiry is — II. — How THE Victors Disposed of their Territorial Acquisitions on the Eastern and Western Sides of THE Diocese. First, as to the Eastern or Tipperary side, it is to be pre- mised that on the 26th February, 1641, according to Whitlocke (p. 54), the House of Commons passed the Bill for the Adven- turers for Ireland, that every one that would bring in and adventure money for the reducing of Ireland should have so many acres of the Irish rebels' lands, proportionable to the money which they brought in, and very good bargains (sic), whereupon very great sums of money were brought in for that service, amounting in all to 360,000/, Lots were to be drawn first for the province, secondly for the county, of which ten were named, wherein the adventurers' share was to be settled, Tipperary County had 60,000^. of adventurers' money put upon it to satisfy, with lands at 450/, per 1,000 acres (this being the Munster rate). And there was "the doubling clause" also thrown in for the further benefit of the adventurers who had gone deeper and deeper still into the "very good bargains. Then came the soldiers who served under Cromwell, whose claims were recognised in the Ordinance for the settling of Ireland of 1652. And by an Ordinance, 1653, for the satisfac- tion of adventurers and soldiers, the forfeited lands in the ten counties were to be divided " between adventurers and soldiers by baronies, moietively by lot " (see Public Records, Ireland, 1825, p. 29, &c ). So far as Tipperary was concerned, the moiety of the adventurers fell by the lot cast for the adven- turers in the Baronies of Ikerrin, Ileagh, Eliogarty, Clanwil- liam, Middlethird, Iffa, and Offa. And the moiety for the soldiers fell in Lower Ormond, Owney and Arra, Upper UNDER THE USUHPATIOX. 281 Ormond, Kilnemanagli, and Slievedaragli. And thus it came about that Lower Ormond, with Owney and Arra, being within the limits of the Diocese of Killaloe, were united with its for- tunes and became the main source of its Protestant strength. The map at the end of " The Cromwellian Settlement " will display this in an intelligible form. As to part of the diocese in the Barony of Clonlisk in King's County, this came under the Ordinance of 1653, and as being one of the ten counties, the forfeited lands therein were to be charged with the sums due to adventurers and soldiers, accord- ing to the rates settled, and to be divided between them by baronies, moietively by lot; and for the satisfaction of the arrears of the forces there, who should be immediately disbanded, several other proportions of forfeited lands were set out. The actual tenants in 1659 are to be found in Synoptical View, Appendix No. 4, by baronies and parishes. The exact location of each officer's and soldier's lot was to have been marked upon the map of the Down survey, with an index of their names and positions. This was omitted, and the subdivisions were only returned in descriptive lists to Chancery. Even these perished by the fire of 1711. Had they been marked in the Down survey, there would have been seen regiment by regiment, troop by troop, and company by company, encamping almost on the lands they had conquered (Cromwellian Settlement, 205). At the same time a very good idea of the new proprietary, of their numbers, and where they were settled, may be gathered from the lists of the " Tiluladoes " as brought to light by Mr. Hardinge, and explained in his paper, read before Royal Irish Academy. From the transcript of these valuable lists are extracted the parochial totals, with names of the more remark- able of these Commonwealth tenants or Tituladoes. These will appear in juxtaposition with other authentic accounts of the prior and subsequent conditions of ownership of property within the diocesan bounds. (See Appendix No. V.) But a far more important consideration than this is the pecu- liarity of the religious opinions of these new settlers. To this Lord Clare has alluded in the following terms in his celebrated speech, or pamphlet as Grattan calls it, on the Union,page 16, &c. : — " And thus a new colony of new settlers, composed of all the various sects which then infested England — Independents, Ana- 282 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC, baptists, Seceders, Brownists, Socinians, Millenarians, and Dissenters of every description, many of them infected with the leaven of democracy — poured into Ireland, and were put in possession of the antient inheritance of its inhabitants. And (continues Lord Clare) I speak with great personal respect of the men when I state that a considerable portion of the power and opulence of the Kingdom of Ireland centres at this day in the descendants of this motley collection of English adven- turers." And yet when these men came under the influence of the faithful and sober teachings of the Church in this diocese, if not themselves in a body, and all at once, yet at least their descendants became its true and attached members, and continue such to this day. Nor is this a thing strange or hard to account for. Wearied with the fantastic excesses of individual impulse in matters of religion, and with the hoUowness of cant, and at the same time repelled by her exorbitant pretensions of absolute authority from cultivating any friendly relations with the Church of Rome, the adventurers and soldiers who settled, gladly found a secure and blessed resting-place in that Church of ours, which reconciles a sober liberty for each with a mild authority over all of " the many members unified in one spiritual body." And thus it has been, that the seeds of disaster and days of weeping have in due time produced a noble harvest and an occasion of triumph to the Church. At the same time, the soldiers in many instances made strange uses of their territorial acquisitions. Everyone knows the story of the White Horse of the Peppers. Stories of this kind abound. Thus, at Tullah the dragoon sold his lot for a gallon of ale, after having been led a wild-goose chase over bogs and morasses all day. A field at Inch, near Ennis, is still called " The Breeches Park," from the leathern equivalent for which the land was demised. And if the Eastern portion of the Diocese became the acquit- tance for the Conquerors' wages in arrear, the Western is turned into a kind of penal settlement or place of transportation in which certain of the shattered and scattered remnants of the vanquished Celts antl Roman Catholics were to be transplanted. The province of Connaught, of which Coy. Clare then formed the Southern boundary, being at once isolated and enclosed, by the Shannon on one side and by the Atlantic with an iron- UNDER ruv USUUrATIOX. 283 bound coast on the other — the Isles of Ai-an being also seized and fortified, as a key to Galway City, and a mile-line or cordon of military settlers being established all round the Province (as more recently has been tried on the confines between Hungary and Wallachia) — a kind of pen or enclosure was thus formed for those who were not transported to Barbadoes, &g., or did not as "Swordsmen" or " "Wildgeese " cross the sea and go mas- sacre the Vaudois in their valleys, or confront the Turk at Belgrade, or command Russian fleets, or turn the tide of battle on many a bloodj' day of Continental warfare. The Celtic inhabitants of Kerry were to be transplanted from their wild retreats to the wilds of Burren and Inchiquin. The inhabitants of Kilkenny, Westmeath, Longford, King's Coy., and Tippe- rary were to be transplanted into the Baronies of Tullagh, Bun- ratty, Islands, Corcomroe, Clanderla, Moyfarta, and Ibrickan. And the Irish widows of English extraction, i.e., the widows of the nobility and antient English gentry— ladies such as Vis- countess Mayo, Lady Louth, Lady Grace Talbot, Lady Dun- boyne — were to transplant themselves and their belongings (servant men and maids, garrons, cows, swine, geese, &c., &c.) into the Baronies of Tulla, of which there were two, and into Bunrattyin Clare (Cromwellian Settlement, p. 162). The decrees to Co. Clare proprietors of " constant good affection " (this being the clause among the requirements on which so many were cast out) must needs have been very few indeed. O'Brien, of Dough, most deservedly obtained one of these, from which we have already given extracts. Henry, the second of that name, succeeded as seventh Earl of Thomond in 1657. He first married Lady Anne, his cousin ; secondly, Sarah, third daughter of Sir F. Russell, widow of the Cromwellian General Reynolds, who had left her very rich. Her sister was married to Henry Cromwell, through whose influence the Earl was allowed to enter into possession of his estates before the Restoration. He resided at Great Billing in Northamptonshire, and being a Protestant, his estates escaped the general forfeiture in which almost the entire of the County of Clare was subjected. In rnyal fashion in the documents of the day he is styled "Henry the Second^' (Earl of Thomond). He was seventh as Earl, but second as King. His monument in Limerick Cathedral must be understood thus. As for the 284 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., MacN'amaras, Jotn Finn having been declared a Protestant in 1655, obtained a settlement at Doonmuhdhill Castle in Incbi- cronane Par, and after the Restoration, his son (36 Ch. II.) obtained a grant of considerable estates. From him spring the McNamaras of Doolen. The mother of Sir D. O'Brien, of Dro- moland (daughter of Col. McMahon, a lady of strong masculine temperament, when Col. O'Brien, of Lemaneigh, her husband, was killed at Ballyline), married Cornet John Cooper, of Bun- ratty, a Cromwellian officer — by which means the estates were rescued at the general confiscation (Dinely's Journal, with Notes by Hon. R. O'Brien). The case of the Creaghe family will appear further on. This transplantation was duly proclaimed by sound of trumpet and beat of drum on the 11th of Oct., 1652. The nobility and gentry were especially required to comply. This transplanting was most hateful to the Irish, but was enforced by hanging, then afterwards it was made a matter of transportation to any others who were obstinate enough to refuse compliance. Doubt- less to this is due the phrase, " To H — 11 or Connaught," as a choice of locations. The transplanted Irish of English descent were to be kept separate from the mere Irish. And the whole inhabitants of no one country were to be set down together. The earliest lot was set down in Burren, which is the most bleak and cheerless part of Ireland. And there was issued a general order, 19th March, 1655, for the general arrest of all transplantable persons who were not transplanted (see Crom- wellian Settlement, passim). The operation, though conducted with much skill, was at- tended with no slight amount of inconvenience, personal suf- fering, and pecuniary losses to those who were subjected to it. Records of these proceedings, of which the headquarters were at Loughrea, may be consulted for the full details. But a citation from " The Perfect Diurnal " may give some idea of the un- bounded anxiety and almost breathless — one may not say pious — longings w'ith which the Cromwellian expectants awaited the movement by which a way was to be opened for them into the possession of goodly houses they builded not, and fair orchards they planted not. UNDER THE USURPATION. 285 Friday, Saturday, July 1 and 2. This to tte Council of State from the Commission Officers of Limbrick and Clare, came as followeth : — SigJit HonhJe, — We the Commission OfiBcers in the precinct of L'nn- Irick and Clare, in Ireland, whose names are under-written, having perused the declaration from his Excellency the Ld. General Cromivell and his Council of Officers, being sufficiently satisfied with the grounds therein expressed, for their dissolving the late Parliament, holding it necessary, in times of such great changes as these are, that the people of the Lord (that are employed in carrying on His design in the world) should be acquainted with the minds and spirit one of another. We doe there- fore hereby declare our sense, that as the work is God's, which is now afoot, so the course taken to effect it is according to His pleasure, though it be much contrary to flesh and blood, God now leading His people in untrodden paths. Assuring our dear brethren that as our hearts closa with them in the same, so we shall be no niggards (through God's assist- ance) to hazard our lives if called to it along with them for the perfect- ing of what is begun. This being the breviate of our thoughts, which God hath sealed on om' spirits, we humbly desire may be imparted to the Lord General and the army in England, from Their, and your, and the Commonwealth's Faithful servants, Sam. Wilkins, Heny. Glover, Thos. Man, Va. Greateates, Eob. Huwford, Hen. Lee, Eich. Kirle, Peter Purifie, Wil. Miller, Wil. King, Ealph Wilson, Eobt. Wilkinson, H. Ingoldsby, W. Purifie, I. Hidenham, Jas. Hari-ison, Sam Porter, Eob. Stannerd, Sam. Clarke, Ai-thin- Hels- ham, I. Friend, V. Hunt, IS'ic. Mounton, I. Gibbons, I. Bawns, Fr. Gibbons, I. Gibbons, I. Cobb, Eobt. Spooner, I. Freeman, Walter Bourgh, W. Skinner, H. Wels, Mic. Cusack, Hum. Hartwell, Eob. Mason, W. Howton, Eic. Dingley, Jos. Miller, L Han-ison,G. Fullow,Hum. Eogers, I. Tilley, I. Harrison, Ed. Llanden, Mat. Cradock, Wil. Hamond, I. Giles, I. Fry, Hen. Morton, Tho. Hewet, I, Crafts, Mat. Philips, Eich. Deyos, Nic. Curtis, Hen. Frogg, Too. Lloyd, L Bearnes. (Page 2827.) This orderly unity, this calm submission to being led in un- trodden paths, reminds one of the quiet and steady walk before the start in a race — the jostlings, crossings, and cannonings, &c., &c., having not yet commenced. And of these a curious speci- men must be selected from Larcom's Edition of Petty's Down Survey, Chapter XVIII. " Sir Hierome Sankey has a regular pitched battle with Dr. Wm. Petty on the floor of the House. Sir Jerome preferred six articles of misdemeanour and breach of trust against Dr. Petty. But what aggravated him above all 286 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., else was Petty's irritating refusal to let some one have a por- tion of land in the North Liberties of Limerick. This was the desire of the man's heart- ' Oh si proximiis accederit niilii Aiigulus iste.' Petty made a calm, clear statement in vindication of himself, being a very able man, and having a cool, calculating head ; to which the Knight replied in so violent and blundering a way that he was silenced. At last he began again, thus (p. 299) : * Why then, Mr. Speaker, there is Captain Winkworth come with an order for the Liberties of Lymrick. Eut the doctor said, " Captain, will you sell V " No," said the captain ; "it is the price of my blood." "Then," said the doctor, " 'Tis bravely said. Why then, my noble captain, the Liberties of Lymrick are meat for your master" — meanitiff i/ie Lord-Deputi/. Now, Mr. Speaker, who dishonours my Lord-Deputy, the doctor or I ? In my judgment the doctor doth. Then comes Lt.-Colonel Brayfield for land ; but the doctor asked whether he would sell? He said, "No." "Then," said the doctor, " Little man ; little man, there is land for you beyond the moon." I have more yet, Mr. Speaker. There be fouler things yet ; this is but half.' Here he was interrupted on the score of 'private quarrels interposed to obstructing of public business.' Finally, an enquiry was ordered." But however all this may have been, the concern is at pre- sent with results ; and taking these and the premises into due consideration, one may perceive how it has come to pass, by what seemed to be a providential retribution, that the plan of StrafForde for establishing a great English and Protestant colony in the West by means of fraudulent ejectments became utterly reversed by another plan, namely, Cromwell's one of driving a great host of Irish and other Roman Catholics, by transplanta- tion, within the narrow confines of a single province. This was the way in which Clare became, numerically at least, an essen- tially Roman Catholic county, and the inhabitants, to add no more, so intensely national in spirit — a spirit slumbering and sluggish, yet bursting forth betimes with all the noisy rage of mountain torrents foaming down her own rugged hills. This fate, then, has woven into the social contexture so considerable a difference between the Eastern and AVestern portions of the Diocese of Killaloe, the efiPccts of the great Celtic transphmta- UJCDEK THE USUlirATION. 287 tion predominating here, a body of Cromwcllian soldiers and speculating adventurers leaving their characteristic impressions there. Thirdly, it seems hardly necessary to enlarge upon or illustrate by many examples — The Intolerance of the Victorious Cromwellians. Apparently permitted by Providence to check the ex- cessive lengths to which the King had carried his prero- gative and the heads of Churches their claims of authority, this mighty power became no less tyrannical and intolerant than the powers it had overcome and crushed. This intolerance extended as far as it could well go, trampling down in its stern career everything which opposed it. What could be expected to stay the hands of regicides who accounted themselves inspired and sent by Heaven's deci'ee — of those who, in their earlier and milder moods (Whitlocke, p. 28), " impeach the Marquis of Ormonde because he forbids the taking of the Covenant " ; that Covenant which, after Mr. White, one of the Assembly, had prayed for an hour to prepare both Houses, with the Assembly of Divines and the Scotch Commissioners, for the taking of it, Mr. Nye in the pulpit then highly eulogises, " showing the warrant of it from Scripture, the examples of it since the Crea- tion (sic), and the benefit to the Church accruing thereby" {ubi supra, p. 70). To illustrate this intolerance we take from Mod. Intel., August 30 to September 6, 1649, the following picture of life in Dublin : — " Every man in that khigdom fit to bear arms is in posture of war, the issue time will shew, the hvff coat instead of the black gown appears in Dublin pulpits, that being a furtherer of preferment, if valour accompany it, to use two swords is meritorious. Not a word of St. Austin, or Thos Aguinas, nor any such hard words, only downright honesty is now given forth." Accordingly the Presbyterians in their turn suffer, and cry out lustily enough after the rout at Dunbar ; and the ministers of Edinburgh, Perceiving the persecution to be personal by the practice of your party [the Independents] upon the ministers of Christ in England and Ireland and in the Kingdom of Scotland since your unjust invasion thereof, and finding nothing in O. C.'s letter, whereupon to build any security for their persons while they are there and for their return hither — they arc resolved to reserve themselves for better times and to wait upon Him, who hath hidden His face for a while from the Sons of Jacob. 288 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., Oliver in reply asserts " that no man hatli been troubled in England or Ireland for preaching the Gospel," and gravely ridicules them " for comforting themselves with being the Sons of Jacob." The ministers rejoin by a citation of the following stinging facts, viz. : — That when Ministers of the Gospel have been imprisoned, deprived of their benefices, sequestered, forced to flee from their dwellings and bitterly threatened for their faithful declaring the will of God against the godless and wicked proceedings of men, it cannot be accounted " an imaginary fear of suffering" in such as are resolved to follow the like freedom and faithfulness in discharge of tlieii- Master's message. Oliver turns on them again, and charges " the ministers with railing against the Civil power " which delivered them from a tyrant (Charles I.), telling them " they err through mistaking the . Scripture,^' sends them some tough queries to solve, and turns from them as " having no reasonable good leisure to un- fold himself further to them in the way of pen and ink," imply- ing there remain other ways — the way of cannon, batteries, and Derbyshire miners. (See this extraordinary controversy in Cromwell's Letters, by Carlyle ; Letters Nos. 147-149.) Yenables inflicted no small amount of sufferings upon the Presbyterians in the North under the oath of " Engagement,'' violently excluding them from their pulpits, withdrawing their subsistence, and harassing them by arrest and imprisonment. (See Reid's History of Presbyterians, Vol. II., p. 246.) But there were at that time no Scotch or Presbyterians in the "West, nor an}' ambitious movement to extend the system in that direc- tion, (See Hardinge's Lists.) But if the Presbyterians, as " Sons of Jacob," came in for heavy blows, what must the Bishops and the Church of Ireland expect, as " Sons of Esau," in the way of mercy from Cromwell and his party ? The saintly and erudite Usher pleads with Oliver in vain for them, and re- tires to weep all night from his nearly sightless eyes. (See Parr's Usher.) Archbishop Bramhall is proscribed, and de- clared, together with many of the best men of Ireland, incapable of pardon, of life, or estate. The Irish Church lands and revenues are seized and secularized with as little remorse or reverence as the Kilkenny confederates had just shown in the case. The churches are turned into stables and cow-houses, &c. The very monuments of the dead are defaced, as appears from the follow- VNUEK THE USURPATION. 289 ing inserted slab still to be found in the old church of Ennis on the south wall : — Dom. Eugenius Considm, Celebris Stirps nominis hujus, pro se, pro- que suis. banc ohim struxerat umam. Post destnicta fuit Cromvelli marte furentis. Eeparata Jacobo rege secuado ab Eugenic juniori 1686. The public use of the Book of Common Prayer is now as sternly proscribed as it had been before by the Commissioners of Parliament upon their getting hold of Dublin, and this to the great increase of sin and general corruptness of manners, as Lathbury has proved by ample instances in his History of the Book of Common Prayer to have occurred in England. "Wlien the pure reformed faith of our Church was thus put down with a sternness worthy of the Inquisitors of heretical pra'S'ity — in fact, with as effective an animosity as the Xuncio had expressed ; when our diocesan ministers were all dead, or had fled away, and, indeed, " not one Protestant was left in Limerick city on its being pelded up to Ireton " (see Clarendon) ; when the last known public use of our Liturgy, even on the confines of Killa- loe Diocese, took place in Portumna, upon Bramhall, by a special license, being permitted to lift up to heaven the sweet pure words of holy and classic harmony, in which saints and martyrs and men of God had winged the highest devotions of their souls with blessed acceptance before the throne of grace ; must we not now look upon our faith as for a while dead with- in this Diocese, and its uitnesses buried ? As for the Irish Papists, they showed little mercy, they foTind less ; they united to destroy, and were destroyed mainly through their own disunion. They thought to make great gains for their Church as the Scotch had done. A power that was able to crush the Scotch, crushed them too. Xever was more fearfuUy illustrated the warning to Peter, '"'All they that take the sword shall perish with the sword." For some ten terrible years the Irish Roman Catholics had inflicted un- paralleled miseries, for about as many more they endured the same. But equal to severest corporeal was the mental and moral laceration which Cromwell inflicted upon the Roman Catholic prelates who, in an evil hour, issued that celebrated manifesto from Clonmacnoise, to which allusion has already been made. V 290 THE DIOCESE OF KILLAl.OE, ETC., As if there was before him a town to batter, an army to rout, Oliver deliberately fires out and with fury ungovernable drives at them. He charges, tramples and scatters their poor array of puerile arguments and flimsy statements. He seizes them, thumb-screwing them with torturing reminiscences and racking them amid universal scorn. Like the Genius of Battle and the Angel of Judgment in one, he grows before their appalled gaze into more than mortal dimensions, and stands in a light supernatural and scaring. Well may Mr. Carlyle call his reply " one of the remarkablest (sic) State papers ever pub- lished in Ireland since Strongbow or oven since St. Patrick... But let there be a noble pity for them in the hearts of the noble." The Declai'ation of the Lord-Licutouant of Ireland for the undeceiving of deluded and seduced people, which may be satisfactoiy to all, who do not wilfully shut their eyes against the light. In answer to certain Declarations and Acts, framed by the Irish Popish Prelates and Clergy in a Conventicle at Clonmacnoise. After dwelling scornfully upon their existing " differences " and pro- posed " union," also upon their distinction between the " Clergy and Laity," he tells them he is not troubled at their " union." By the grace of God we fear not, we care not for it. Your iinion is like that of Simeon and Levi (brethren in cruelty). Though it becomes us to be humble in respect of ourselves, yet we can say to you, God is not with you. You say your union is against a " Common Enemy." And to this, if you be talking of union, I will give you some wormwood to hite on, by which it will appear God is not with you. Who is it that created this " Common Enemy." (I suppose you mean Englishmen). The Eng- lish? Kemember, ye hypocrites, Ireland was once united to England. That was the original " Union." Englishmen had good inheritances, which many of them purchased with their money— they and their ancestors from you and your ancestors. They had good leases from Irishmen, for long times to come, great stocks thereupon ; houses and plantations erected at their own cost and charge. They lived peace- ably and honestly amongst you. You had generally equal benefit of the protection of England with them, and equal justice from the Laws — saving what was necessary for the State, to put upon some few people, apt to rebel upon the instigation of such as you. You brok tills " Union." You, unprovoked, put the English to the most unhea" of and most barbarous massacre (without respect of age or sex) t' ever the Sun beheld. And at a time when Ireland was in perfect peac And when, through the example of English industry, through comme - and traffic, that which was in the Natives hands was better to the than if all Ireland had been in their possession and not an Englishm- in it. And yet then, I say, was this unheard of villany pcrpetrat- UNDER TFIE L'SURPATIOX. 291 by your instigation, who hoaat of "peace making " and " union against the Common Enemy." What think you by this time, is not my asser- tion true? Is God, will God be with you? I am confident He will not ! After a most taunting criticism upon their design and the right of their Church, of their Archbishops, Bishops and Prelates, upon their lay-fee, their jurisdiction, ecclesiastical authority and the faith of their Chui-ch (as if it were hopeless to enlighten, and useless to elevate such) ; he asks, — But alas, why is this said ? Why are these pearls cast before you ? You are resolved not to be charmed from using " the instru- ments of a foolish shepherd." You are a part of Antichrist, whose Kingdom the Scripture so expressly speaks should " be laid m blood," j-ea " in the blood of the Saints." You have shed great store of that already, and ere it be long, you must all of you " have blood to drink," even " the dregs of the cup of the fury and the wrath of God," which " will be poured out upon you." ( ! !) Upon their putting forward " the interest of his Majesty " as " a groiiud for this war." What Majesty is it you mean (he demands). Is it France, or Spain, or Scotland ? Speak plainly ! You have some of you lately been harping, or else we are misinformed, upon his Majesty of Spain to be your Protector. Was it because his Majesty of Scotland was too little a Majesty for your purpose ? We know you love great Majesties (!) Or is it because he is not fully come over to you in point of religion? If he be short in that, you will quickly find out upon that score another " Majesty." His father, who complied with you too much, you rejected, and now would make the world believe you would make the son's interest a great part of the state of your quarrel. How can we but think there is some reserve in this ? And that the sou (Chas. ii.) has agreed to do somewhat more for you than ever his father (Chas. i.) did ? Or else, tell us, whence this new zeal is ? That the father did too much for you, in all Protestant judgments, instead of many instances, let this be considered, what one of your own doctors. Dr. Enos, of Dublin, says, who, writing against the Agreement made between the Lord of Ormond and the Irish Catholics, finds fault with it, and says, it was "nothing so good as that which the Eai-l of Glamorgan had warrant from the King to make, but exceeding far short of what the Lord George Digby had warrant to agree to, with the Pope himself at Eome in favour of the Irish Catholics." I intend not this to you, hut to such Protestants as may incline to you, and join with you upon this single account, which is the only appearing inducement to them. "To them I intend it," seeing there is so much probability of ill ill this abstracted, and so much certainty of ill in fighting for the Romish religion against the Protestant, and fightuig along with men under the guilt of so horrid a massacre, from participating in which guilt, whilst they take part with them, they will never be able to assail themselves either before God or good men. How dare you assume to call these men " your JlocTcs " whom you have plunged into so hon-id a rebellion, by which you have made them and the country almost a ruinous heap ? And whom you have fleeced and polled and peeled u 2 292 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., hitherto, and make it your business to do so still. You eannot feed them ; yon poison them with your false, abominable, and Antichristian doctrine and practices ; you keep the Word of God from them, and instead thereof give them your senseless orders and traditions ; you teach them " implicit faith ;" he that goes amongst them may find many that do not understand anything in the matters of your religion. I have had few better answers from any since I came to Ireland that are of your flocks than this, " That indeed they did not trouble themselves about matters of religion, but left that to the Church." Thus are your flocks fed. And such credit have you of them. But they must take heed of losing their religion. Alas ! poor creatures, what have they to lose ? Concerning this losing of theii- religion, you instance Cromwell's letter, repeating his words to the then Governor of Eoss, 19 Oct., 1649, which are as follows, viz. : — " For that which you mention concerning liberty of conscience, I meddle not with any man's conscience ; but if by liberty of conscience you mean a liberty to exercise the Mass, I judge it best to use plain dealing, and to let you know, where the Farliament of England have poivers that ivill not he allowed of." And this you call a tyrannical resolution, which you say hath been put in execution in Wexford, Koss, and Tredagh. And now for the people of Ireland. I do particularly declare what they may expect at my hands in this point, wherein you will easily perceive that, as I neither have flattered, nor shall flatter you, so neither shall I go about to delude them with specious pretences, as you have ever done. First, therefore, I shall not, where I have power, and the Lord is pleased to bless me, suffer the exercise of the Mass where I can take notice of it. No, nor in any way suffer you that are Papists, where I can find you seducing the peojile, or hy any overt act violating the laws established. But if you come into my hands, I shall cause to be inflicted the punishments appointed by the laws, to use your own term, " secundum gravitatem delicti," upon you,, and shall try to reduce things to tlieir former state on this behalf. As for the people, what thoughts they have in matters of religion in their own breasts I cannot reach, but shall think it my duty, if they walk honestly and peaceably, not to cause them in the least to suffer for the same, and shall endeavour to walk patiently and in love towards them to see if at any time it shall please God to give them another and a better mind. And all men under the power of England within this dominion are hereby required and enjoined strictly and religiously to do the same. To the second danger threatened, which is " the destruction of the lives of the inhabitants of this nation," to make it good that this is designed, they (the Hierarchy) give not one reason, which is either because they have none to give, or else for that they beheve the people will receive everything for truth they say, which they have too well taught them, and God knows the people are too apt to do. But I will a little help them. They speak indeed " of rooting out the common people," and also by way of consequent, that " the extirpating of the UNDER THE USURPATION. 293 Catholic religion is not to be effected without the massacring, destroying, or banishing the Catholic inhabitants." (He then proiDoses what Mr. Cai-lyle terms a very subtle " dilemma, and very Oliverian, but it has a real logical validity." Call your religion true ; men have changed from it without being massacred. Admit it to be false ; will you say they need massacring ? Whatever religion you may have, I think you have not much logic to spare.) Your words ai-e " massacre, destroy, and banish." Good : now give us an instance of one man since my coming into Ireland not in arms, massacred, destroyed, or banished, concerning the massacre or destruction of whom justice hath not been done, or endeavoured to be done. As for the other — banishment, I must now speak unto the people whom you would delude, and whom this most concerns, that they may know in this what to expect at my hands. The question is of the destruction of life, or of that which is but little inferior to it, to wit, of banishment. Now, first, I shall not willingly take, or suffer to be taken, away the life of any man not in arms, but by the trial to which the people of this nation are subject by law for offences against the same. And, secondly > as for the banishment, it hath not hitherto been inflicted on any but such who, being in arms might justly, upon the terms they were taken under, have been put to death — as might those who are instanced in your Declaration to be sent to the " Tobacco Islands." And therefore I do declare. That if the people be ready to run to arms by the instigation of their clergy or otherwise, such as God by His Providence shall give into my hands, may expect that or ivorse measure from me, but not otherwise. Thirdly, as to that of " the ruin of their fortune," you instance the act of subscription whereby the estates of the inhabitants of this nation are sold, so as there remaineth now no more but to put the purchasers in possession, and that for this cause are the forces drawn out of Eng- land. And that you might carry the interest far so as to engage the common sort of people with you. You farther say to them " that the modei'ate usages hitherto exercised to them, is to no other end but to our private advantage and for the better support of your army, we in- tending at the close of our 'conquest,' as you term it, to root out the common people also, and to plant the laud with colonies to be brought hither out of England. " This consisting of divers parts, will ask distinct answers — And first, a,s to the act of subscription. It is true there is such an act, and it was a just one. For when, by your execrable massacre and rebellion, you had not only raised a bloody war to justify the same, and thereby occasioned the exhausting the treasure of England in the prosecution of so just a war against you, was it not a wise and just act in the State to raise money by escheating the lands of those who had a hand in the rebellion ? Was it not fit to make their estates to defray the charge who had caused the trouble ? Oliver, (after allowing how this act naturally tended to induce the Irish to fight it out in desperation rather than repent or lay down arms, also to expect no mercy from Eng- land), asks :— " But what was the English army brought over for Islands. ) Inchiquin. (This shows how the county was made pay for the conquerors who held it. But more of this anon.) 22nd October, 1652. Slaney Bryen petitioned to the new trustees of the Barony of Banratty to examine and compose by consent or certify. This referred to Lieutenant Willy, Governor of Ealagheine, John Mc!N"amara, and Mr. Thos. Fanning to examine and compose by consent, or certify. John Reaghe McNamara, petitioner. The Governor of Ballyawlia (Ballyalla) is desired and authorized to examine what com hath been taken from the petitioner by Lieutenant Bret Lewis, and upon what score the same was taken away. And the same to certify with all speed if such course may be taken for the plaintiff's relief. And whereas it is alleged that the petitioner took the lands of Kilcussin (Q. Kilkishen) for the fourth sheaf. Ordered that he be not troubled in plowing or sowing the same. Ordered that Mary Purcell dotli not plow the meadow of and upon any pretence. UNDER THE USURrATION. 301 The inhabitants of Moyfarta petitioned against an over- charge of 191. It is ordered that the petitioners do receive the said 191. out of the tytlie-money due upon that i?aro)ii/, in consideration whereof such persons as are engaged for the said tythes are to take notice, and this order be a discharge for so much paid. (Thus it seems that the inhabitants were robbed so shamefully that restitution must be made. But this comes out of the tythes which had been taken from the Church.) 29th October, 1652. The Trustees of Barony of Bunratty, petitioners. Whereas it was alleged that the within-mentioned instrument (whereupon we have granted our former order to the within-mentioned McNemara) was not signed by the persons themselves, but their hands counterfeited. Whereas it is alleged that the gentry of said Barony for the most part never consented to sign same, and the order was surreptitious. Order was revoked and proceedings nullified. 1st November, 1652. Richard Creaghe, order for his protection in Barony of Moyfarta to commanding officer at Carrigahaulta. Rory McMahon's woods to be preserved for the use of the coal works, and no person do cut same. (This, with some former and further orders will account in some degree for what became of the old trees and vast woods in the west of Ireland, at least those not felled or burned in the times of Elizabeth and James). 1st November, 1652. The dividend of 400^., monthly contribution upon the County of Clare commencing the first of November, together with the monthly sum of llOZ. laid upon the said county in lieu of Carradge and Corne (sic): — (Distribntion of same.) put to lOZ. Bonrattie abate lOi. Islands... put to 31. 15s. Os. Inchiquine Corcomroe Moyfarta £226 0 0 ... £62 0 3 50 0 0 ... 10 0 0 50 0 0 ... 13 15 0 24 0 0 ... 6 12 0 60 0 0 ... 13 15 0 £400 0 0 £110 0 0 The inhabitants of Corcomroe, Petitioners, .... set forth their losses over and above their monthly payments, also the great charge of "forredg" (sic) through the refractoriness and delinquencies of the Paronies of Burren and other Baronies. That the inhabitants may the better pay their monthly contribution, we have thought fit and do according order shall so save the rent arising to the State out of the corn of Burren for this year (being 28Z.), together with the rent arising to the State out of the tythes (.'.') of the said Barony of Corcomroe for this year 302 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, KTC, being 40Z., in all 6Sl., in full satisfaction of the said losses and charges of forredg (sic) laid upon them through the refi-actoriuess of others, until the 1st of November, whereof Captain Napper and Captain Castle are to take notice and pay the said sums according, unto three indifferent men to be chosen by the Baroney. 4th November, 1652. Order that the inhabitants of Barony of Tullagh pay, according to their substance, an equal balance with substance of petitioners towards discharging said Harony of Punratty of their monthly contribution. A permit to Mrs. Maley for to fetch three or four cows from the county of Clare into the lands of Ballyhaise. 5th ISTovembcr. Petition of inhabitants of Moyarta to ascertain on oath, by reference to Captains Napper and Gibbons, the substance of " horne and corne " in the Barony, with a view to an abatement. 9th November. An order to suspend payments until we take course to put said Baronies into equal balance with rest of Baronies. And said Captain is to certify what stores of oats or was brought into Carrigahaltie and Killquii (Kilkee). 11th November. Another dividend of 400L monthly, with llOL in lieu of forradg — the first to continue for thirteen months, the last for six — was agreed and concluded upon. Cornet Joux Gore, Petitioner. The Inhabitants of Islands. A Reply to their Petition or Grievance. 1. As to fire and candle, is referred to Governor of Countie to settle same as shall be most convenient both for the Barony and all garrisons, according to justice, observing the establishment. 2. All persons who have removed since May last are to return, or else the inhabitants are to set fire to their goods. 3. Orders of exemption to be reconsidered, especially to Eobert Peacocke. 4. Ordered that inhabitants are not to be molested in cutting wood for garrisons. 5. Ordered that the Barony of Clanderlaw shall be at liberty to continue where they are, or else remove into the Barony of Islands. 6. If any in said Barony conceal their goods to evade payment of contributions, goods to be seized, valued, and sold in satisfaction. 7. Trustees to send duplicates of applotments seven days after made. Petition of Roe McMara, John Teige, and Others. Reply is that Colonel Purefoy, the Governor of Ballyallia, and Thomas Fannig, are to examine, &c., and balance with Bunratty. 12th November. In re L. O'Hogan for inhabitants of Killenaboy. An order of reference of Captain Gibbings and Lieutenant Floyd to examine- UXDER. THE USUKPATION. 303 15th November. Andrew Hickman's com to be restored, " lie only paying his portion of contribution, if any be." A waiTant to Captain Kyshe to pay unto Captain Lynnocks for the reparation of several places, viz., Six-mile Bridge, a new bridge at the Loughgir, and other places. The case of Mr. Neptune Blood v. John McNamara and the Justices of Bunratty, to be heard next Thursday seven night. 18th November. Thomas Hickman's losses to be made good by the Bai'ony of Bunratty now, or as soon as they can. Oats applotted for two months for the General's troop from 15th October ; Bunratty twenty barrels. Annie Considine als Mahon, " to make good her husband's loyalty." On petition of Inchiquin Barony — (I.) Other Baronies to be joined in payment. (II.) They shall have 10s. per ton for hay. 19th November. Dr. Gabriel O'Dolory had license to depart, and is not to be charged in Moyfeadta. 20th November. Assignment of a certain amount of sequestered tythes, as they (the payers) are to pay it to the State in discharge of Edward White's claim for satisfaction. The payers are : — • £ s. d. Quarter-Master Janns, tenant to Drumcleave ... 11 10 0 Thomas Clanchy, Clare Abbey ... ... ... 18 5 0 The Petitioner himself, for Clondagad ... ... 13 15 0 23i'd November. Captain Stannard's troop ; oats, two months. Bunratty Inchiquin Islands £43 10 0 31 24th November. Dermod McGlissane. Petition true. Corcomroe. Such of the in- habitants of as are now residing in the Barony shall live and contribute there in future. John Comyn. Petition and Order. That L. O'Downe and rest shall cut and carry no timber from the wood of Meelick. 2Gth November. On Neptune Blood's complaint. Ordered that the trustees of Barony of Bunratty appear. 304 THE DIOCESE OF KILI.ALOE, ETC., 2nd December, 1652. Dame Honora O'Brien, petitioner. Forasmuch as upon setting the tythes of Clare, we have reserved the Lord Thomond's therein unto himself, or those standing under him, and have only set the States parts ; it is therefore ordered that such as received the said lord's part of the said tythes give the petitioner satis- faction for the amount, or appear and show cause in four days. 6th December. Petitioners, the inhabitants of Corcomroe, per James McEnchroe. As to his petition that Captain Castle be joined with Lieutenant Floyd to hear. The matter is referred to the following : — Connor O'Dea, Hugh -i and > MacEnciikoe. James } Bkyen O'Bkyen. Bryan Haurahan. Sir Daniel O'Bryen, petitioner. That Ensign Hovenden and petitioner shall appear before us to deter- mine the marketable price of beeves taken from petitioner by Captain Napper for use of his troop, and also restore said cattle in specie. 30. Maurish Hurley had twenty-six beeves taken from him by order of commander for the supply of a party with Lieut. -Colonel Warden. Ordered that Hurley i-eceive satisfaction for the same from certain in the barony such as are refractory. Trustees to take notice. (Poor Hurley ; is he as yet paid for his twenty-six beeves on the order to the refractory ? As good secui'ity as an order on the pump at Aldersgate.) 20th December. That Frances MacBrien be allowed a plow of Garranes and two cows ; and that further she be permitted to live upon the lands by paying the proportion of charges. Ordered to pay John Reddan for twenty-four tons of hay, at 10s. a ton. Creaghe v. Widenham. 31st December. That the lands of Athdane (Adane) were inhabited, and paid contri- bution to the State, at time the said lands were demised to defendant. Orders to farmers of tythe, by petition, to pay two gales in con- sideration of losses. Barony of Bunratty to provide thirty bushels of oats, Lymerick measure. Wade, — That the 501. tythe-rent of Kilkeedy, sequestered by former order, in the hands of Captain Wade, be forthwith paid into the Trea- sury, and there sequestered ; and that the said Wade do forthwith pay in likewise to the Treasury the remainder of what he had not paid of the first gale of SOL, being reserved upon him to the State out of the UNDER THE USURPATION. 805 tythes of said parish of Kilkeedy, unless he can produce an order for abatement of same under the hands of us, or any of us. Thos. Jackson. Jas. Knight. Wm. Skinner. 16th January. Ireland, by order of Commissioners of Pai'liament. "Whereas Colonel Ingoldsby hath been at great charge, as Governor of county Clare the last year, in entertaining parties in their marches to and fro the said counties, for which he never as yet received any con- sideration, it is therefore ordered that the Commissioners of the Eevenue for the precinct of Lymerick do order, by warrant, the treasurer of said precinct to pay unto Colonel Ingoldsby two hundred pounds out of said customs and excise to be received for the two hundred tuns of French wines licensed to be brought into the port. Dated at Kilkenny, 6th October, 1652. Edm. Ludlow. Cha. Fleetwood. Miles Corbet. John Jones. 18th January. Daniel O'Brien, of Dough, Esquire. Ordered that the examination of the matter be referred to Captain Napper and Captain Piers to examine and certify. 20th January. A seizure of corn ordered on the lands of Ballymorris for non-pay- ment of charges thereon. Roger Crowe, In re. Order. — That he be not charged for the cow ho hath already sold. 25th January. Robert Cox's petition favourably dealt with, and his sufferings for, and his affection to, the Parliament and present Government apparent, is encouraged to live on his estate and protected variously. 7th February. Bunratty barony to provide eighty barrels of oats. Captain Poi-ter for oats — thirty-six barrels from Islands Inchiquin and Corcomroe. That Daniel Connery entering sufficient security to f ranspo7-t himself for Spain on the first conveniency, then be remitted and himself set at liberty (?) Petition of Edward White {Ti/thcs). Whereas it appeareth by certificate of Capt. Walker and Capt. Staple- ton that 720 sheaves of the within tythes of Dromileer parish, sold unto petitioner in 1651, were taken away from him for the use of the State [that was a pleasant tything of tythes, and seizing of what was so'd] which said sheaves we value to six barrels, that the receiver of revenue X 306 THE DIOCESE OF KILLALOE, ETC., of thepreciuct abate E. White for amount of 81. 12s., at V2d. per barrel, out of rent due from petitioner to State for said tythes. C. Giles Vandaleur, plaintiff (sic) Mi. Stritch, defendant. Plaintiff to take possession of all defendant's rooms. The baronies of Bunratty Islands and Corcomroe had a charge of 116?. on them for the fortification of Athlone (! !), and Captain Napper having seized cattle for same is to account with ti-easurer. 14th March. m, r