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"«s«i> ^"^ ^ ^S>"^3C* 3> .»:x 1 >-^» J J ->_> > J r*^^ ^ «."-?* ■■ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library http://archive.org/details/baptistencyclopa02cath APR 30 1937 THK " " ■ OGIGal BAPTIST ENCYCLOPiEDlA. A DICTIOISrARY OF THE DOCTRINES, ORDINANCES, USAGES, CONFESSIONS OF FAITH, SUFFERINGS, LABORS, AND SUCCESSES, AND OF THE GENERAL HISTORY OF THE BAPTIST DENOMINATION IN ALL LANDS. WITH NUMEROUS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN AND FOREIGN BAPTISTS, AND A SUPPLEMENT. EDITED BY WILLIAM CATHCART, D.D., AUTHOR OP "the PAl'.VL SYSTEM," "tHK HAI'TISTS AND THK AMKKICAN nEVOLI'TION," AND "the bai'Tism op the ages." WITH MANY I LLT ST RATIONS. V II I L A I) E I. P II I A : LOUIS H. EVERTS. 188L Copyright, 1880, by Louis H. Evert.' KRISHNA PAL 667 LAILEY baptismal waters by Dr. Carey ; he had courage and faith to stand alone in renouncinj^ tlio abomina- tions of liis countrymen in tlie presence; of iiis kindred. lie was born about 1704, at (Jlianderna- gore, Bengal. Krishna was by trade a carpenter ; and in listening to a discourse on tiie lolly of idolatry and tiie great truths of Ciiristianity, he became deeply affected and shed tears. He visited the mission- aries soDn after for religious instruction, and re- ceived with great eagerness the truths wliich they communicated. Soon he felt that he had put his trust in Jesus, and that he was a Ciiristian. lie then requesteil baptism, and laid aside openly his allegiance to idolatry. He sat down at the ta))lo of the missionaries in presence of their Hindoo servants, and by this act renounced caste. The news spread rapidly, and soon Krisiina was be- sieged by a mob of 2000 persons, wiio poured out torrents of maledictions upon him, and then dragged him to the magistrate, who immediately released him and eoinmended him for the piety of his course, and commanded the mo!) to disperse. The magis- trate placet! a Sepoy at Krislina's house to guard him, and offered armed protection to the mission- aries during t!ie celebration of the rite of baptism. The immersion occurred in the Ganges, on the 28th of December, 1800. Mr. Carey walked to the river from tlie chape! witli liis eldest son, Felix, on one side, and Krishna on the other. At the landing there were gathered the governor and a num!)erof Europeans, and a great throng of Hindoos and Mohammedans. Mr. Ward preaclied a sermon in English from John v. 39, " Searcli the Scriptures." Dr. Carey delivered an address in Bengali after a Bengali translation of the liymn was sung, — " Jesus, and shall it ever be, A mortal i lau asUumed of thee 2" Then he baptized Felix Carey and Krishna amid ()rofound silence and deep solemnity. Krisiina was the first baptized convert after seven years of labor. Krisiina the same day partook of the Lord's Supper, and he enjoyed an unusual measure of the love of God as he waited upon Him in both ordi- nances. For more than twenty years Krisiina Pal preached the blessed gospel to his countrymen witli great success and ability. He led a lioly life and lie possessed a strong faitii, and wlien lie came to tlie end of liis earthly journey his lieart was full of peace, and of the light of a bright hope of immediate en- trance into heaven. A European who was present at his dying couch says, " I myself witnessed tlie last moments of Krisiina, and lieard his aged and quivering lips speak of the preciousness of Christ.'' Krisiina composed the beautiful liymn from which tlie following stanzas are taken : " O thou my soul, forget no more The Friend wlio all thy misery bore; Let every idol be forgot. But, 0 my bouI, forget Ilim not. "Jesus for tlie(^ a body takes; Thy guilt assumes, tliy fetters breaks, Disdiarging all thy dreadful debt ; And canst thou e'er such love forget ?" Kutchin, Rev. T. T., was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 5, 1815, died at Dartmouth, Wis., Aug. 7, 1877. lie entered the ministry at New Britain, Pa., at the age of twenty-one, and at once became popular as a preacher. He came to Wisconsin in 1855. For many years he was the editor of the Milwaukee Senlinel, and subsequently of the Fan da Ldc Commonwealth. lie was distinguished for remarkable intellectual power united with great kindness of heart. His two sons are esteemed ministers of the gospel, occupying important pul- pits in the State. ■•-► L. La Grange College was chartered in 1859, and a commodious brick building was erected, 90 by 70 feet, which was finished in 1866. It had superior chemic;il and pliilosophical apparatus when J. F. Cook, LL.I)., l)ecame president. Both sexes are admitted to tliis institution. In the fourteen years of liis presidency there have Ijeen more than two thousand matriculations, and among the num- ber about sixty students for the ministry. Nearly $15,000 have been raised for improvements and for the removal of debts during tlie administration of Dr. Cook. One hundred and fifty children of ministers have been gratuitously educated in La Grange. Dr. Sawyer is now vice-president of the institution. It has eleven able instructors, who render excellent service, as the character of their graduates testifies. This college is beautifully lo- cated on the bluffs of the Mississippi, one hundred and thirty-seven miles north of St. Louis. (See page 668.) Lailey, Thomas, was born Aug. 29, 1820. in tlic iiari>ii of Poplar, London, England. When LAIN GG8 LAMAR quite young he came with his parents t.j Canada. He owns the hirgest wholesale house in jiis business in the province of Ontario. He united, by baptism, with the Bond Street church, Toronto, in 1849. In 1867 he, with several otliers, left this old mother- church to form anew interest on Alexander Street. The cost of tlie neat and comfortable edifice wliich they at once proceeded to erect was chiefly borne by him ; and he has been from the first by far the largest conti-ibutor toward the current expenses of the church. The erection of the College Street and Lewis Street church edifices was also mainly due to his enterprise and liberality, and he is now (18S1) promoting a scheme of church extension in the western part of the city. He has purchased an eligible site, on which a mission chapel is to be commenced immediately. He was president of the Home Mission Convention of Ontario in 1868^69. tiuns, which he has filled with great ability and fidelity. For forty years Mr. Lain has been a member of the Baptist church in Waukesha. He is known as a man of great purity of character, and of blame- less Christian life. Until the failure of his Iiealth, which occurred a few years ago, he was very effi- cient and active in promoting the Baptist cause in his city, and in strengthening the denomination in the State. Lake, Rev. J. B., was born in Fauquier Co., Ya., May 4-, 1837 ; attended school in Alexandria, Va., where he received a thorough training at the hands of the well-known Benjamin Hallowell, and afterwards studied at the University of Virsfinia, where he was graduated from several of its schools. While still at the university he was elected to a I professorship in Edge worth Female College, Greens- LA GRANGE COLLEGE. Lain, Hon. Isaac, of Waukesha, was born in Orange Co., N. Y., Dec. 18, 1820. Hi^ ancestors were from England, and settled at ah early day on Long Island, N. Y. Isaac Lain's father was a farmer, and to this calling the son devoted him- self until 1833. He then learned the business of architect and builder. In June, 1842, he settled in Waukesha, Wis., where he still resides. Here lie engaged extensively for many years in his new business. In 1852 he established a real estate and insurance agency, and in 1860 he took an active part in founding the Waukesha County Manufacturing Company, of which he is now a heavy stockholder and secretary. In 1861, at the outbreak of the civil war, Mr. Lain was a member of the State Legislature, and took an active part in the meas- ures which pla(tcd AVisconsin in the front rank of States for the promptness and efficiency with which her regiments were raised and sent to the front. Mr. Lain has held many local and county posi- l)orough, N. C. Subsequently, Mr, Lake held a professorship in Chesiipeake Female College, Va., four years, and then had charge of the Roanoke Female College, at Danville, Va., nine years. In 1872 he left Danville to become pastor of the church in Upperville, Va., where he still remains as a most successful preacher and pastor. His mind is vigorous and" logical, and his sermons are filled with cardinal doctrinal truths and enriched by apt and numerous historical illustrations. Lake, Rev. P. W., came to Wisconsin in 1839, and settled in Walworth County, and performed much foundation work in the early history of the State. He was an interesting preacher. Earnest- ness and spirituality were distinguished charac- teristics in his ministry. He died many years ago, I but his name and labors are held in remembrance I in many of the churches of Walworth County. I Lamar, Rev. A. W., editor of the Baptist I Courier, was born at Leavenworth Mills, S. C, LAMB f)C9 LAND RUM March 30, 1(S47. His father was Col. Thomas 0. Lamar, who (listiiif;;uished himself in the latu war as coinniander at the battle of Secessionvillo, near Charleston, in Juno, 1862, and who died soon after. In honor of ids memory the State Lep;islature sent the subject of this sketch to tiie State Military School to l)e educated. Being strongly impressed that it was iiis duty to preach, he sold a tract of land — obtained from his father's estate — to procure means for educating himself. Entering first Fur- man University, and then the theological s(!ininary at Greenville, he afterwards accepted a call of the Mount Zion church in Newberry County, where he was ordained Jan. 15, 1871, at the age of twenty- four. At the meeting of the State Convention in November, 1871, he was elected its general agent. In November, 1873, the State Convention mani- fested its appreciation of his ability and success by electing him both corresponding secretary and general agent, charging him with all the work of the body during its recess. lie was converted when at the military school, and began at once to work for Jesus among the cadets, praying with and for them, holding prayer-meetings, and read- ing Spurgeon's sermons to them. At first he met with much opposition, was treated with every in- dignity, but in the end those who led in these things asked him to pray for them. lie has met with extraordinary success in the work assigned him, being imbued with zeal, perseveratice, and earnestness, and blessed with great tact and good judgment. He is a young man. self-reliant and with good judgment, who takes hold of his work and does it like a veteran, having the confidence and esteem of all. His present field of labor is Camden. Lamb, Rev. Amherst, was bom in PhiUipston, Mass., July 28, 17'J(), and spent his childhood and youth in Guilford, Vt. Soon after making a pub- lic profession of faith he commenced to preach, but, feeling the necessity of a better preparation for his work, he placed himself under the tuition of Ilev. Dr. Young, then of Worcester, Mass. lie was or- dained in December, 1821, as pastor of the church at Guilford. Vt., and remained there for six years, when he became pastor of the church in Whiting- liam, Se[)tembor, 1827, and continued there until 183G. He then went to Charlcmont, Mass., and preached there for nine years, having charge of the church in Buckland during a part of this period, — for half the time. Recalled to the church ill Wliitingham in 1S4.5, he gave it twelve years of additional .service, after which he supplied churches in his neighborhood, where his labors were mucli blessed. Ho died at AVhitingham, May 29, 1870. His record was one of a high character wherever he was known. LamSOn, William, D.D., was bom in Danvers, Mass., Feb. 22, 1812. He prepared for college at the academy in South Reading (now Wakefield), Mass., and graduated at AVaterville College in the class of 183.'>. After his graduation he served as tutor for one year. In the autumn of 1837 he was ordained as pastor of the church in (iloucester, Mass. Wishing to pursue a more extended course of theological study, he entered the Newton Theo- logical Institution in 1839, and remained until 1841, when he was settled as pastor of the church at Thomaston, Mo. He returned to Gloucester, where he ciontinued until called to Portsmouth, N. II., in 1848. He was pastor of the church in Portsmouth for eleven years. The church in Brookline, Mass., called him in 1859, and he was their pastor until 1875, when failing health obliged him to give up his ministerial work. Since his resignation he lias lived chiilly in Salem and Gloucester, Jlass. Dr. Lamson has been one of the most useful and acceptable ministers in the denomination. By his pen, as vv'oll as his voice, he has made his talents subservient to iiromotc tin; interests of truth. Lancaster, Rev. William, was born in Warren Co., N. C, in 1753 ; was baptized by Rev. Wm. Walker; was the founder of the churches at Maple Spring and Poplar Spring, Franklin Co., about 1793; was a member of the State Convention, of the convention "to ratify the Federal Constitution, and for many years chairman of the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions of Franklin County. He closed his long and useful life Sept. 16, 1826. Landrum, Rev. John G., was born in Tennessee in ISIO. At eighteen he removed to Union Co., S. C, and the next year began to preach. His slender form made him look much younger than he was, and for some years he was called the boy preacher. He became pastor of the Mount Zion and Bethlehem churches, in Spartanburg County, in 1830, and still serves them. He has had charge of the New Prospect church since 1835. The Bap- tist church at Spartanburg Court-house was organ- ized under his ministry, where he preached for twenty-five years. lie has baptized about 5000 persons in fifty years. lie exercises a very extensive influence In Spartan- burg and the surrounding counties. Perhaps he could not say that his " natural force is not abated," but his laliors an- as :ibuny the Bent Creek Baptist church, Elders Josepli Manning and Hugh Woodson acting as the Presbytery. From that time Mr. Lane has been doing effective service for the Master in the sarae section of country. Eternity alone will re- veal the good he has accomplished for the cause of Christ and the salvation of sinners. Lankershim, Deacon Isaac, is the Baptist benefactor of California, lie is of Jewish birth ; was converted to Christianity, baptized in Mis- souri, and removed with his wife, a converted Jew- ess, to California at an early day ; joined the First Baptist church ; was one of its deacons ; became a constituent member of the Tabernacle church in 1865, and is still a member, the church having changed its name to Metropolitan in 1875. He is a large benefactorof Baptist institutions; purchased lots for the Second, Fifth, and Tabernacle churches; was a chief contributor to the building of the Tab- ernacle, and in 1875 provided the money, nearly $200,000, for the Metropolitan church lots and building. In 1874 he gave the second large sub- scription for California College, nearly §13,000. Always successful in business operations, careful, prudent, and conscientious, quiet and unassuming in manner, he is everywhere loved and honored. lie has large city properties and immense farms in the country. His home is at Los Angeles. Though a converted Jew, — " an Israelite in whbm there is no guile," — giving quietly from principle, and not from impulse, he has never lost the respect of his Jewish kindred, with whom he is associated in many business enterprises. Deacon Lankershim is for California what the Crozers, Colgates, and Colbys are for the Atlantic States. La Rue, Rev. Alexander Warren, whose an- cestors were French and Irish, and firm Presby- terians, was born in La Rue Co., Ky., Jan. 23, 1819. He united with Severn's Valley church while at- tending an academy at Elizaltethtown in 1837 ; was licensed to preach in November, 1838. In 1839 he entered Georgetown (College, graduating in 1842. During the latter year he was ordained for the pas- torate of Flemingsburc; church. This church was in the Bracken Association, among the churches of which Mr. La Rue held many protracted meetings with encouraging success. In 1849 he removed to Louisville and became associate editor of the Bap- tist Baiuier, a weekly religious paper, since ciilled the Weste7ti Recorder. AVhile in this position he preached a short time to Bank Street Baptist church in New Albany, and afterwards to East Baptist church in Louisville. Having resigned liis edi- torial office, he accepted tht; pastorate of the church at llarrodsburg in 1S53, where he remained three years, and then accepted a call to the church at Georgetown. Subsequently he was pastor of the church at Stanford, and finally at Salem, in Chris- tian County. At the latter place he died, Sept. 11, I8f)4, after a life of singular consecration, devotion, and fruitfulness. His biography was written and pulilished under the appropriate title of " La Rue's Ministry of Faith," by Rev. A. C. Graves, D.D. Lasher, George William, D.D., was born in Schenectady Co., N. Y., June 24, 1831. His father GEOROE UII.r.IAM I.ASIIER, H.D. was a farmer of Holland ancestry, and his mother traced her descent from a member of the " Boston Tea Party." He was converted at Hamilton, in 1853, while attending the academy, and in the same ye.ar entered Madison University, graduating in 1857. In 1859 he graduated from Hamilton Theo- logical Seminary, and at once entered upon the pastorate of the Baptist church of Norwalk, Conn., where, on September 30, he was ordained. In I860 he married Miss Lizzie C, daugiiter of Dr. G. W. Eaton, president of Madison University. In .July, 1861, he became chaplain of the 5tli Conn. Regiment, and served for si.x months on the upper Potomac, when ho became pastor of the Baptist church at Newburg, N. Y. From 1864 to 1868 lie was ])astor of the Portland Street ciiurch, Haver- hill, Mass., from 1868 to 1872 of the First church of Trenton, N. .J., and from 1872 to 1875 was cor- responding secretary of the New York Baptist Ed- ucation Society. In 1 875 he made a tour of Europe, LATHROP 672 LAW Egypt, and Palestine, and in August, 1S76, became editor and proprietor of the Journal and "Messenger, at Cincinnati, 0. In 1874 he I'eceived the degree of D.D. from Madison University. Dr. Lasher has a commanding presence, and is a vigorous and suc- cessful preacher and editor. The Journal and Mes- senger under his management has a wide influence in the Central AVest. Lathrop, Edward, D.D., son of Burel Lathrop, who early removed from Norwich, Conn., to Georgia, EDUAIU) l.ATllHOr, 0,D. I was born in Savannali, Ga., jSIarch 14, 1814; bap- tized by Rev. II. 0. Myer into the Savannah Bap- tist church in June, 1827 ; commenced study for the ministry at Furman Institution, S. C, in 1S32 ; on the closing of tliat institution went to Hamilton, N. Y., and graduated in what is now Madison Uni- versity in 1840; pursued a course of thcolngical study at Hamilton ; was called as assistant of Rev. Richard Fuller, D.D., at Beaufort, S. C. ; in 1844 settled as pastor of the Tabernacle Baptist church in New York City, and labored with distinguished success for twenty-two years, until health failed; granted a long furlough by the church, l)ut finallj' resigned; in ISCiti became pastor of the Baptist churcli in Stanifonl, Conn., where he still labors with great honor ; received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Rochester University; has been a trustee from the l)eginning of Vassar College, N. Y., and is now president of the board of trustees ; is' also president of the board of trustees of Con- necticut Literary Institution ; is one of the trustees of Madison University ; engaged in all benevolent objects; a strong preacher and able counselor; he has puljlished several sermons by request. Lattimore, Rev. Samuel S., was born in Ruth- erford Co., N. C, March 9, 1811: removed with his father while yet a child to Jennings, Ind. At fourteen years of age became a member of the literarj' institution at South Hanover, Ind. Sup- porting himself by his own exertions, he remained at this institution for nine years, until he completed his course, in July, 1833. During this period he became a member of the Presbyterian church, and remained in this connection for six or seven j'ears. Leaving college soon thereafter, he went to Vicks- burg, Miss., thence to Clinton, and shortly after- wards taught in the school at Society Ridge. In 1834 he joined the Baptist church. In 1835 he was ordained to the gospel ministry, and became general agent for the Mississippi Baptist State Con- vention. In December, 1837, he settled at Middle- ton, CarroJl Co., Miss., where he engaged in preach- ing, and in teaching a school under Baptist auspices until 1840, when he removed to Sumter Co., Ala., where he preached to Providence and other churches. In 1845 he was again general agent of the Mississippi Baptist State Convention. In 1847 he was called to the pastorate of Macon church, Noxubee Co., Miss. Remaining there one year, he accepted a very urgent call from the Aberdeen church, with an understanding that he should re- turn to Macon after the lapse of a year. Accord- ingly he returned to Macon, and remained till he again accepted an invitation to take cliarge of the Aberdeen church. In this relation he continued until his death. From 1849 to 1854 he was presi- dent of the Mississippi Baptist State Convention. He had various controversies on the principles and practices of the Baptists, and endured no little persecution. He was a man of marked ability, of warm and generous affections, eloquent as a preacher, able as a controversial writer, and emi- nently successful as a minister of the gospel. Law, Rev. Francis Marion, was born in Sum- ter District, S. C, May 15. 1828; was educated for a physician, and received his diploma from the Medical College of Georgia, at Augusta; practised medicine at Wetumpka and Selma, Ala. ; ordained in 1855; for five years financial secretary of Ala- bama Baptist Bible and Colportage Society ; one year missionary and surgeon on the Bethel ship "JMobile Bay," under auspices of American Sea- men's Friend Society ; removed to Texas in No- vember, 1859; pastor of Chapel Hill, Bellville, Brenham, Plantersville, and Bryan churches from 18(iO to 187(5; is a man of vigorous intellect and indomitalile energy; now engaged in raising §250,000 for Texas Educational Commission. Law, Rev. Josiah S., son of Samuel S. Law, was born in Saulsbury, Ga., Feb. 5. 1808. He re- LAW 673 LAWLER ceived a classical education, and succeeded Rev. James Shannon as a teacher in Liberty County, when Mr. Shannon was called to Auj^usta, in 1827. It was while teaching at Sunbury that he was con- verted and joined the Baptist church there. He then took a three years' theological course at New- ton Theological Seminary In IS31 he entered upon his ministerial duties at Sunbury, and for twenty years served that church and neighborhood with great usefulness, except during two short in- tervals when he accepted calls to Macon and Sa- vannah. The colored people received great benefit from his preaching, among whom he was very success- ful. He died on the 5th of October, 1853. At that time sixty colored candidates were awaiting baptism at his hands. Law, Rev. Samuel Spry, was horn in Liberty County in 1774. IIu movL'd in the best society all 'his life, his family and connections being culti- vated and wealthy. For forty years he lived a worldly-minded n>an and a moralist, but was con- verted in his fort3'-first year, and joined the Sun- bury Baptist church on the 30th of April, 1815. He was ordained to tiie ministry Dec. 27, 1827, at the age of fifty-three. After laboring on the coast for some time, he was called to succeed Dr. C. 0. Screven, at Sunbury. This connection continued for a year or so only, and he devoted his whole time to the colored people, and to the poor white churches of Lil)erty County. This work he con- tinued with great usefulness for six or seven years, when his heultli began to fail gradually, and he ex- pired on the 4th of February, 1837. He was a man of great fervor and spirituality ; prepared his sermons carefully, and became a good preacher. He was well acr|uaintpd with the Scrip- tures, and was much gifted in prayer. Few ever made more progress in piety and in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ than he. Lawler, Rev. B. F., was bom in West Tennes- see, Jan. 1, 1S34; baptized in 1858; ordained in I860; labored a number of years at Windsor, Mo. He is at the present time pastor of the Salem and Prairie Union Baptist churches, Neb. In con- nection with his ministerial labors, Mr. Lawler, while in Missouri, devoted a part of his time to teaching. In 1880 he published a volume of ser- mons, addresses, and letters. Lawler, Judge Jacob, was born in North Caro- lina in 1706 ; while a youth his father removed to Tennessee, and the son subsequently located in North Alabama, and about the year 1820 settled in Shelby County. He held various offices of trust: judge of the county court, member of the House of Representatives of the State Legislature from 182f) to 1831, and was then elected to the State.Senatc ; re- signed that position to accept that of receiver of puldic moneys for one of the land districts of tlie State, tendered him by President Andrew Jackson ; held that office at Mardisville, in Talladega; County, where it was located, until he was elected to Con- gress in 1835 ; was re-elected to Congress in 1837, and died on the 8tli of May, 1838, in the city of Washington, while Congress was in se.s.sion, and bis lemains now rest in that city. He was in office continuously from 1822 to 1838, never having suf- fered defeat or reproach. In 1826, Jacob Lawler united with the Baptist church, and in a short time was ordained to the ministry. From the time of his ordination to his election to Congress he filled the office of pastor. The Talladega (now Alpine) and the Talladega town churches were originated by his ministry, and he was their pastor. It was characteristic of ^Ir. Lawler not to allow his secular duties to interfere with his religious obligations when it could be avoided. Lawler, Gen. Levi W., was born in Madison Co., Ala., in 1816; with his parents, settled in GEN. LEVI W. I.AWr.ER. Talladega County in early life ; united with the Talladega church, of which his father was pastor, in 1835. After .Judge Lawler resigned the office of receiver of public moneys at Mardisville he was succeeded by his son Levi, under appointment of President Jackson, and, though only nineteen years of age, he easily obtained the required liond of ^100,000. After four years he was suspended on account of his opposition to the administration of President V'an Buren, but was restored to the po- LA WRENCE ti74 LA WSON sition by President Tyler in 1841, and held it for another term of four years. In 1848 he located in Mobile, and engaged in the commission business-, which he has not yet relinquished. In 1861 his friends elected him to the Legislature without con- sulting him ; was returned in 1863 ; was a member of that body during the whole )Dcriod of the civil war, and he was three years chairman of the com- mittee on ways and means. In 1874, Gen. Lawler was appointed by Gov. Houston one of the State commissioners to adjust and liquidate its burden- some debt. lie drafted the plan of settlement, and performed the principal labor in its execution among creditors of the State, — a work which brought great relief to the people of Alabama. For many years he has been one of the trustees of Howard College, and of the Agricultural and Mechanical Collage of the State. He has been and is still a man of hand- some fortune, of great energy, industry, and finan- cial skill; liberal to objects of benevolence and to public enterprises. It is conceded that the gubernatorial honors of Alabama have been within his reach for years, but lie has declined them. His vast influence affects for good all the higher rela- tions of life, political and civil, social and educa- tional, financial and denomina'tional, in the State. He maintains the constant confidence of all grades of society. AVhen a master he was- famous for his tenderness to his slaves, and now that they are free he has their uniform confidence and highest regard. He has no superior in Alabama. Lawrence, William Mangam, D.D., was born in AVashington, D. C, May 11, 1848 ; was converted in early youth, and entered college at Amherst, Mass. ; graduated from Madison. University and Hamilton Theological Seminary; settled with the church at Amsterdam, N. Y., where he was or- dained in August, 1871. The following year he received an urgent call from the Spring Garden church in Philadelphia, which he accepted, and en- _tered upon his labors in October, 1872. It was an important period in the history of the church. A large colony had just gone out to form the Geth- semane church in a new and rapidly-growing neighborhood. A pastor was needed witii power to hold and strengthen "the things which re- mained," and in this work he has, under God, been eminently successful. Mr. Lawrence throws the vigor of his early man- hood into all that he says and does. His sermons and occasional contributions to religious journiUs give evidence of an observing and thoughtful mind. His systematic methods enable him to ac- complish a vast amount of pastoral work, and to render valuable service to other denominational interests with which he has become connected. His powerful intellect, scholarly attainments, and Christian spirit immUc liiui a power in the commu- nity. In 1880 he became pastor of the Second Bap- tist church of Chicago. WILLIAM MANGAM LAWRENCE, D.D, . Laws, E.8V. M. L., was born in Virginia, Aug. 21, 1842. He made a profession of religion -when eighteen years of age, and w:is baptized by Rev. J. S. Kennard in the E Street Baptist church, Wash- ington, D. C, in November, 1859. He was or- dained in 1871 at the Rehoboth Baptist church in Saline Co., JIo. Brother Laws has been pastor at Glasgow and Booneville, and of the Park Avenue church in St. Louis. He is now secretary of the Missouri Baptist Sunday-School Convention, and he is rendering efficient service in this position. He is a man of ability, industry, and usefulness. Lawson, Rev. Albert G., was born in Pough- keepsie, N. Y., Jan. 5. 1842. In 1858 he made a public profession of religion, and was baptized by Rev. John Q. Adams, and became a member of the North Baptist church. New York. He studied in the College of the City of New York and in Madi- son University, and was ordained as pastor of Perth An\boy Baptist church, N. J., in June, 1862. In 1867 he took charge of the Greenwood Baptist church, where he still labors with marked success. He is one of the most able laborers in the temper- ance cause. He is the author of " ^Methods of Church Work,"' "Duty of the Christian Church in Relation to Temperance,'" and the "Peace ami Power of Temperance Literature," also an address on " Self-Culture."' Ilis discourses are clear, logi- cal, and earnestly delivered. Lawson, Admiral Sir John, was born near LA WSON 675 LA WSOiV Scarborou;;h, Yorkshire, England. From very curly life he was on the ocean. AVhen the Parliament resolved to fight for the liberties of England, Lawson entered its naval service. His inteiligoncc, faith- fulness in executing orders, and religious behavior soon attracted attention and S(H;urcd promotion. Having obtained the command of a small vessel, he made himself so useful that he was soon the captain of the finest ship in the British navy ; and in process of time he became an admiral, and occa- sionally had the whole fleet placed under his au- thority, lie fought under IJlake in all the battles which gave him and his country so much naval glory. Cromwell looked upon him with special favor, and was always ready to promote bis in- terests, until he became a king in everything but the name. On the 2d of June, 1653, ti)e British fleet at- tacked the Dutch off the coast of Flanders. Deaiie and Monk were admirals, Sir William Penn was vice-admiral, and Sir John Lawson was rear-admi- ral. Lawson charged through the Dutch fleet with forty ships, pouring destruction into the enemy, and so disabling Dc lluytor's squadron that Van Troinp iiad to come to his relief; and after a hot engagement, in which Lawson was the foremost fighting man, the Dutch withdrew. The next day the battle was renewed and the enemy was routed. Six great ships of the Dutch were sunk, two blown up, and eleven of the largest and two smaller ves- sels were captured, with thirteen hundred prison- ers, and nothing but flight saved the other Dutch vessels. As soon as the power of Richard Cromwell ended, and the Parliament of the country had reassembled, the officers of the fleet, being largely Baptists, and consequently strong republicans, acknowledged the authority of Parliairieiit in terms of loyal satisfac- tion. Immediately after, the Committee of Safety appointed by the Parliament ordered the equipment of six frigates to be ready for any emergency, and, to show their appreciation of our gallant brother. Sir John Lawson, they gave him the command of this squadron and created him vice-admiral of the fleet. For a considerable period after this Sir John had control of the whole British navy, and he was known throughout his country os a supporter of a free Parliament whom no bribes or persuasions could turn from his patriotic convictions. The Parliament in power at this period was the Long Parliament dispersed by Oliver Cromwell, and recalled once more to the exercise of legislative and executive powiM-s. Against this body the army determincil to wage war, and they hindered the speaker and the members from reaching the house. Lamb(>rt and the principal odicM-rs of the army were bent on ruling the narion liy the sword. Lawson brought his fleet into tin- Thames and declared for the Parliament by a voice which the Dutch had re- spected on the ocean, and which his countrymen reverenced everywhere. And his timely assistance, with the aid of Monk, overcame the friends of the sword, and the Parliament resumed its meetings and its authority. On the 3d of June. 16((5, in a great naval battle between the English and the Dutch, in which the Duke of York was the nominal and Lawson the real commander of the British fleet, and in which the Dutch lost thirty-two ships and six thousand men, Sir John Lawson received a shot in tli(i knee in the middle of the battle ; the wound gangrened, and he died a few days after on shore, rejoicing in the blessed Saviour whom he was going to meet. Lord Clarendon, a bitter enemy of Ba^itists and republicans, says of the admiral : " He was. in- deed, of all the men of that time, and of that ex- traction and education, incomparably the modestest and the wisest man, and most worthy man to be confided in. He was in all the actions performed by Blake, some of which were very stupendous, and in all the battles which Cromwell had fought with the Dutch. He was commander-in-chief of the fleet when Richard (Cromwell) was thrown out j and when the contest grew between the Hump (the Long Parliament) and Lambert, he brought the whole fleet into the river and declared for that which is called the Parliament (Clarendon did not recognize this body as a Parliament), which broke the neck of all other designs, though Jie inlended (iiijij the heller setlUment of the Commonwealth.''' He had no Avish to aid the Stuarts to mount the throne forfeited by Charles I. Elsewhere he says: " The present fleet, prepared for the summer ser- vice, was under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson, an excellent seaman, but then a no- torious Avatiaptist ; and they well remembered how he had lately besieged the city (London), and by the power of his fleet given that turn which helped to revive the 'Committee of Safety' (the government set up by the army) and restore the Rump Parliament to the exercise of their jurisdic- tion." Granville Penn, in his "Memorials of Admiral Sir William Penn," speaks of " the re- nowned Sir John Lawson," and he states that Oliver "Cromwell set aside Major Bourne and ap- pointed Lawson rear-admiral of the fleet in liis place." The great Protector held Sir John Lawson in the highest esteem. Except Cromwell himself, in his day no .soldier stood higher than Gen. Harri- son. And during the latter part of Lawson's life he was regarded as one of the greatest heroes in the naval history of Britain, and his death was felt to be a national calamity. These brave men were both decided Baptists. See " Memoirs of Ludlow," ii. 466, 666, 726. 736. S.5.5. Vevay, 1699; Southey's '■ Lives of the British Aduiirals," v. 269, note, LAWTON 676 LEACH London, 1837; Clarendon's "History of the Re- bellion," iii. 728, Oxford, 1706 ; Rapin's " History of England," ii. 639, 640, London, 1733 ; " Memo- rials of Sir William Penn, Knt.," i. 312, 469, 470, Londoii, 1833. Lawton, Col. Alex, J., who died some three years ago, spent his life, which, "by reason of strength was fourscore and four years," in Beau- fort, S. C. He was long a deacon of the Black Swamp church, and repeatedly a member of the State Legislature. He was dignified but extremely pleasant, especially among the young, with whom he was a great favorite. The writer met him about a year before his death, and found him the same genial Christian that he had always been. Few masters were so considerate of their slaves, and few had their affection in an equal degree. He used much of his large property for benevolent objects. Few have spent a life so long and so well regulated. Lawton, Rev. Joseph A., may be called the Baptist patriarch of Barnwell, S. C, and -of the surrounding counties. He held and used his large fortune, before the war, as a steward who must give an account. He now lives, in advanced years, in the midst of his spiritual' children, white and colored, who revere him. Prudence and modera- tion have marked his whole life. ~ His numerous servants, at the close of the war, cherished liim in their hearts, and quite a number of them still live with him, and manifest the same respect as they did in the time of slavery. Baptist ministers in his section owe him much, because he refused to preach for wealthy churches unless they paid a salary in proportion to their ability, saying that if he preached for nothing it should be to churches not al)le to compensate liim. They complied, and many brethren have been less stinted than they would have been had Mr. Lawton notjnsisted that "the laborer is worthy of his hire." He always gave his salary, and mucli more, to some worthy object. He has long been pastor of the Allendale church, one of the most active and liljeral in the Savannah River Association. Lawton, Rev. W. A., was born in Beaufort Co., S. C, in 1793. He was in the ministry fifty- five years, and at the time of his death, in 1878, he had boon pastor of the Pipe Creek church for twenty-seven years. His remarkably strong con- stitution bore him up in good health almost to the close of life, which " by reason of strength was fourscore and five years." Next to Thomas Paw- son, he was probably the oldest Baptist minister in the Shitc. Lea Female Seminary, located at Summit. j\Iiss., on the line of the Now Orleans and Jackson Railroad, Rev. Charles H^ Otken, principal, is. an admirable institution. Lea, Hon. Fryer, was born in Tennessee, and is now nearly eighty years of age; joined the Baptist Church in Tennessee, where he practised law with success and distinction. Represented Tennessee in the Congi-ess of the United States. He afterwards removed to Mississippi, and practised law ;it Jack- son. Has served as State superintendent of pub- lic instruction in Texas, and now lives at Goliad. He has been a consistent Baptist under all circum- stances. Lea, Rev. Wm. M., a prominent minister in Arkansas, was born in North Carolina in 18)7, but reared and educated in Tennessee. He came to Arkansas in 1851 as missionary of the Marion Board Southern Baptist Convention, and began his labors at Helena. The following year he sev- ered his relations with the board, and boldly en- tered the State as an independent missionary, re- lying upon his field for support, and, with the exception of a few years, has ever since continued there to labor. Helena, Pine Bluff, Little Rock, Forest City, and other places have received the benefit of his labors. Just before the late conflict he raised a subscription of 875,000 towards en- dowing a State college, which was unfortunately lost by the war. Mr. Lea has distinguished him- self as a polemic, having engaged in many debates, and considers himself specially set for the defense of the truth. Leach, Beriah N., D.D., was born in Middle- town, Vt., April 28, 1801 ; converted at fourteen ; ordained pastor at Cornwell, Vt., in October, 1826; pastor at Middlebury, Fredonia, Wyoming, Ham- ilton, and Brooklyn, N. Y., and in ^liddletown. Conn. He received the degree of Doctor of Divin- ity from Madison University in 1859. He died Jan. 23, 1869, strong in his Redeemer's supporting grace. Dr. Leach was full of labors and of love for the Redeemer, and the favor of heaven rested upon his toils for .Jesus as well as upon his own soul. Leach, Rev. William, was born in Shutes- bury, JMass., in 1804, and baptized by Rev. David Goddard, of Wendall. Relinquishing the business in which he was engaged, he pursued a select course of study at the Shelburne Falls Academy, and took a partial course at Newton. In 1840 he was ordained in Paterson, N. J. Subsequently he removed to Newark, N. J., and then to Wen- dall and South Hanson, Mass., and Omaha, Neb. To this latter place he had gone on business, but, seeing the destitution of the gospel in that rising city, he preached for some time there without com- pensation, and for two years as a missionary' of tlie American Baptist Home Missionary Society. The Baptist church of Omaha is the child of his prayers and labors. Returning East, he had charge of the churches in East Stoughton, Holmes' 'Hole, South LEARNING f>ll LEARNING yarrnouth, lliirnod, ami Still lliver. all in the State of Massachusetts. lie died at Still lliver, Mass., March 30, 1871. Learning, Baptist Institutions of.— Prcced- injr and dui-ini;; the Coiiiiiiiiiiwi^altli in England, lari^e numbers of our ministers in that country wore •graduates of Oxford and Cambridge. After 1000, when Charles II. ascended the throne, the neces- sity for seeking education for Baptist pastors in some new quarter forced itself upon the attention of our brethren. Various plans were discussed in London and elsewhere to secure an object so dear to the churches. Edward Terrill, of liristol, in 1()79, set apart a portion of his property for the in- struction of students for the ministry, which did not become available until the death of his wife. Though some aid was received from it for five years preceding 1720, it was in that year, under Rev. Bernard Foskett, that Bristol Baptist College was formally established. In 1756, Rev. Isaac Eaton, of Hopewell, N. J., opened the first Baptist Seminary in this country " for the education of youth for the ministry." In the progress of this institution the Philadelphia and Charleston Bajitist Associations took the deep- est interest. They ap()ointed trustees to watch over its affairs ; and the Philadelphia Association raised about £400 to aid it in its work. The prin- cipal was a scholarly man, and he had the art of imparting knowledge to others. His school was in existence only eleven years, and in that time the following were among its pupils: Dr. James Man- ning, Dr. Samuel Jones, Dr. Hezckiah Smith, Dr. Isaac Skilhnan, and Revs. David Thomas, David Jones, the celebrated Revolutionary chaplain, and Charles Thompson. The distinguished Judge David Howell was also a student at Hopewell. The frame house in which Mr. Eaton presided over his semi- nary is still standing, and in excellent condition. ISAAC EATON S ACADEMY. THE FIRST DAPTIST SEMINARY FOR THE EDICATIO.N OF MINISTERS IN AMERICA. On the 12th of OctoI)er. 1702, the Philadelphia Baptist Association, with twenty-nine churches in its fellowshi]!, met in the Lutheran church on Fifth Street above Race Street, Philadelj)hia. Rev. Morgan Edwards was chosen moderator, and Rev. Abel Morgan clerk. At this session of the mother Association of American Baptists it was decided that it was " expedient to erect a college in the eiilony of Rhode Island, under the chief direction of the Baptists.'' Morgan Edwards was "the prin- cipal mover in this matter,'" and to him and Dr. Samuel Jones the grand educational j)roject was referred. In 1703 an effort was made to secure the con- firmation of a charter for the new college in the Rhode Island Assembly. The charter had been prepared by Dr. Ezra Stiles, of Newport, a Congre- gational minister, and it "was so artfully con- structed as to throw the power into the Fellows' hands, whereof eight out of twelve were Presbyte- rians, usually called Congregationalists." "The trustees were presumed to be the principal branch of authority, and as nineteen out of thirty-five were to be Baptists, the Baptists were satisfied, without sufficient examination into the authority vested in the fellowship, which afterward appeared to be the soul of the institution, while the trusteeship was only the l)ody" (Manning and Brown Universitj', pp. 48-49). This unworthy effort of Dr. Stiles was frustrated by Daniel Jenckes and others in the As- sembly. The amended charter was confirmed by the Legislature of Rhode Island in 1764. In that year the Philadelphia Association recommended the churches to be liberal in placing the new college upon an efiicient basis; and in 1760 the Association " agreed to recommend warmly to the churches the interests of the college, for which a subscription is opened all over the continent."' Dr. James Man- ning was the first president of Rhode Island Col- lege, now Brown University. This institution to- day has nineteen instructors, property valued at $1,750,000, an endowment of $650,000, a library of 53,000 volumes, 247 students, and a history of use- fulness of which Americans, and especially Ameri- can Baptists, may justly be proud. The Baptist colleges, theological seminaries, and academies of the United States, according to the report of the "Baptist Year-Book"' for 1S81, have property worth $1 1 ,988,883, and endowments of $4,960,730,— that is to say, these institutions own assets amount- ing to $16,959,613, nearly seventeen million dol- lars. Their reported income last year was $679, 178, to which may be added $160,000 from 36 of them from which we have no report of receipts. They had, during 1880, 667 teachers, 8749 students, of whom 1532 were preparing for the Christian min- istry. In the United States most Pedobnptist communi- ties receive large accessions from European emi- gration ; the Baptists gain comparatively few mem- bers from this source. Besides, they have had to contend against powerful prejudices from the ear- liest period in the history of this «ountry, preju- LEARNING 678 LEARNING dices which for a long time in several colonies clothed themselves in persecuting leial enactments, and which exist to-day, without the force of law, in unfounded charges of higotry and saving sacra- men'talisra. Nevertheless, by the favor of God, they have been able not only to rear a multitude of church edifices, but to invest seventeen. million dol- lars in institutions of learning. Indeed, we have reason to believe that if all our educational enter- prises were rejioried, and an exact examination of their property and endowments made, that the re- sult would show an investmenjt in these fountains of light of a sum little less than twenty million dollars. BAPTIST INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. UNITED STATES. IN 1881. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. Name. Brown University ! 170i Madison University I 1819 Colby University ' 1820 Tlie Columijian University...' 1821 Sliurtletr College , 1827 Georgetown College ■ 1829 Denison University i 1831 Franklin College 1834 Wake Forest College 18;U Mercer University : 1838 Richmond College 1832 Howard College i 1843 Baylor University ' 1845 University at Lewisburg 1846 William Jewell College 1849 University of Rochester 1850 Mississippi College \ 1850' Carson College 1850 Furman University 1861 Central Univer-sity I 1852 Kalamazoo College ' 1855 Bethel College* '. 1850 Univeraity of Chicago j 1859 McMinnville College i 1858 Waco Univereity... i 18U1 Vassar College ...j 1801 University of Des Moines I 186."^ La Grange Colh'ge* I 1859 Monongahela College i 1807 California College 1871 Sonthwestern Baptist Univ... 1874 Total number 31 E. G. Robinson, D.D., LL.D.. E. Dodge, D.D., LL.D Henry E. Robins, D.D J. C. Welling, LL.D A. A. Kendrick, D.D R. M. Dudley, D.D Alfred Owen, D.D W. T. Stott, D.D T. H. Pritchard, D.D A. J. Battle, D.D B. Purvear, A.M Col. J.T. Murfee W. C. Craiie, D.D., LL.D Rev. D.J. Hill, A.M W. R. Rothwell, D.D M. B. Andei-sou, LL.D W. S. Webb, D.D N. B. Goforth, D.D J. C. Furman, D.D L. A. Dunn, D.D Kendall Brooks, D.D Leslie Waggener, LL.D Galusha Anderson, D.D Rev. G. J. Burchett, A.M R. C. Burleson, D.D S. L. Caldwell, D.D J. A. Nash, D.D J. F. Cook, LL.D H. K. Craig, D.D U. Gregory, D.D Prof. G. W. Jarman, A.M Location. Peopeety. Providence, R. I ' 19 Hamilton, N. Y 10 Waterville, Me S Washington, D. C 25 Upper Alton, III 7 Georgetown, Kv 6 Granville, O....^ 9 Franklin, Ind 8 Wake Forest, N. C 8» Macon, Ga 9 Richmond. Va 8 Marion, Ala 8 Independence. Texas 6 Lewisburg, Pa 7 Liberty, Mo 7 Rochester, N. Y 9 Clinton, Miss 7 Mossy Creek, Tenn 4 Greenville, S. C... , 5 Pella, Iowa 7 Kalamazoo, Mich 9- Ru.5 j Baiilstowii Jl.aiid K.College. 1X42 Baylor Fuiiiiile College 1S46 Benedict Inslitutcf ISTO Bethel Female Collejie Wri \ Broaddus Female Cullege l.sTl Burlington Colored Institute. 18.V2 Cedar Valley Seminary* ISi;:! Central Female Imstitute IS,')! Cliuwan Baptist Female Inst. 184S Colby Aiademy IKiC Colgate Academy 1X72 Connecticut Lit. Institution... 18;i:S Cook Academy 1872 Georgetown Female Sera IWG Georgia Female College 1850 Grand River College 1859 Greenville Baptist Fem. Col.. 18,'>l Hardin Feniale College* 1873 Hollin's Institute 1841- Howe Literary Institute 1874 Judson Female Institute 18-i9 Keystone Academy 1868 Leland Universityt 1870 Lea Feniale College 1S77 Mary Sharp (,'ollege is.'iO Minnesota Academy* 1877 i Mount I'leasant Institute 1873 I Naihville Iiistitutef 1865 Natchez Seniinaryt in77 I Normal and Tlieol. School.... 1«78 Peddle Institute 1865 j Keid Institute 1862 ! BichmoncI Institutet 1867 \ Shaw I'nivereityt 186.1 South Jersey Institute is70 Stephen's Female College 1856 University Academy ik46 University Female Institute. In46 Vermont Academy 1872 Wayland Seininaryf 1H65 Wayland Univensity 1855 Worcester Academy 1834 Wyoming Seminary 1867 Yuuug Ladies' Institute | 1832 I'UKSIDE.ST. Location. Prof. A. K. Yancey, Jr Tuscaloosa, Ala 1 Hev. .1. T. lloliert, LL.D Atlanta, (ia John F. Laiineaii, A.M ' Lexington, Mo il. J. (Ireenwell, A.M i Bardstown, Ky J. U. Luther, U.l) ' Independence, Te.\as K. J. Coodspeeil, D.D Columbia, S. C J. W. Bust, A.M I Hoiikiiisville, Ky Kev. E.J. Willis, LL.U Clarksburg, W. Va I'rof. E. F. Stearns j Burlington, Iowa Hev. A. Bush, A.M ' Osage, Iowa Walter Hillman, LL.D Clinton, Miss Dr. A. McDowell I Murfreesborough, N. C... Janus 1'. Di.von, AM I New London, N. U Hev. F. W. Towle, A.M ! Hamilton, N. Y .■Martin 11. Smith, AM 1 Surtield, Couii I'rof. A. ('. Hill ' Havana, N. Y I'rof J. J. Kiicker Georgetown, Ky Mr. 1*. F. Asbury I Madison, (ia I'rof. T. 11. Storts Edinburg, Mo . I'rof A. S. Townes ) Greenville, S. C ! Prof A. W. Terrill -- - -- I'rof. ('has. L.Cocke Prof S. I'". Holt L. R. Gwaltney, D.D Rev. J. II. Harris, A.M. Rev. Seth J. Axtell, Jr.. Mexico, Mo.. Botetourt Springs, Va.. East St. Lou.s, III Marion, Ala Factory ville, Pa New Oi1, in Worcester, Mass. If Mr. Leonard had been blessed with good health, and had lived longer, it may 1)e safely jire- dicted that he would have taken a high place ainong the ablest ministers of bis denomination. Both the churches he served revere his memory. Leonard, Judge John, was born in Knox Co., O., Aug. 20, ]S2"). Ii(! attended Denison Univer- .sity, at (Jranvillo, 0. On leaving college he located in Morrow County, and at the age of twenty-three was elected county surveyor. While holding this office he devoted his spare time entirely to the study of law, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar in Wooster, AVayne Co., O. In the summer of 18.53 lie came to Iowa, and settled at AVintcrset, where he opened a law-office, and gradually built up an extensive practice. In 1862 he was elected district attorney, but resigned in 18tJ4. In January, 1874, he entered upon his duties as judge of the Fifth Ju- dicial District, to which he bad been recently elected, and in which he continued to serve till the expira- tion of his term of office. He is an earnest and studious reader, especially in the line of his pro- fession, and has one of the best libraries of any lawyer in Southwestern Iowa. He has long been a member of the Baptist church, and he is exem- plary and faithful in his life and church relations. He still resides in Winterset, where his home has been for more than twenty-seven years. His eldest son, Byram Leonard, an attorney of much promise, a man of sterling Christian worth, and an earnest worker in the Baptist church of which ho was a valued n\enil)er, died in 1879, in bis early manhood, and in the midst of a useful life. Leonard, L. G., D.D., was born in Monson, Ma.ss., Jan. 6, 1810 ; graduated at Newton in 1836 ; the same year became pastor of the church in AVebster, Mass.. where be remained nearly seven years. After two short pastorates in Thompson and New London, Conn., he took charge, in 1848, of the Market Street church. Zanesville, O. From 1855 to 1863 was pastor at Marietta, 0., where he was the means not only of greatly strengthening the home church, but was instrumental in forming several new churches in the surrounding country. In 1863 he took charge of the cliurcli at Lebanon, O., remaining until 1872, when he J)ecame pastor of the church at Bucyros, a position whicli be still holds. Dr. Leonard has been closely identified witii Baptist interests in Ohio. For thirty years he has been a member of the board of trustees of Denison Univ(^rsity. His pastorates have been long and fruitful. A wise counselor and a faithful toiler for Christ, he has received during his many years of service the highest esteem and afi'ection. Leslie, Gov. Preston H., was bom in Clinton Co., Ky., March 8, 1819, and was educated in the schools of his vicinity until the age of sixteen. Upon leaving school he spent a portion of his time GOV. I'RESTON H. LESLIE. upon a farm near Louisville. At the age of eighteen he accepted a position in a store in Clinton County, and shortly afterwards entered the county clerk's office as a deputy. After this he attended a school of higher grade, and applied himself to study with great diligence, committing to memory the whole of a text-book on logic within a few weeks. AVbcn he left this school he entered the law-office of Gen. Rice Maxey, since Judge Maxey, of Texas, and father of United States Senator S. B. Maxey, of that State. In 1841 he was admitted to the bar. AVhile a law-student, or just before he began the stiidy of law, he professed religion and joined a Baptist church, and from that time made the Bible LESLIE 686 LETTERS his study and his guide. When he commenced the practice of law he formed a resolijtion not to advo- cate knowinglj' an unjust cause for any considera- tion, and he determined never to neglect his duty to God for any worldly advantage however great. On' these principles he hegan the business of life, and it is helieved that he has adhered to them with unyielding tenacity. His success was assured from the beginning. From 1842 until 1853 his residence was upon a farm on Cumberland River, in Jackson Co., Tenn. Here he divided his time between farming and his profession. A few years later he removed to Glasgow, Ky., where he now resides. He was first elected to the Legislature from Monroe County in 1844, and was re-elected in 1850. He represented Barren and Monroe Counties in the State Senate from 1851 to 1855, and again in 1867, occupying the speaker's chair in the Senate in 1869. On the resignation of Gov. Stevenson he became governor ex-qfficio until' the expiration of the term, in 1871. During that year he was elected governor by the extraordinary majority of 37,156. In the discharge of his duties as chief magistrate he attained a national reputation for diligence, wisdom, and integrity. At the close of his term, in 1875, he returned to his home in Glasgow and resumed his legal practice. Gov. Leslie is as faith- ful to his church as to the State, and he allows nothing but Providential circumstances to detain him from public worship or to prevent him from taking an active part in the business of his church. He superintended the Sunday-school at the Baptist church in Frankfort while he was governor, and •was frequently moderator of the Genei-al Asso- ciation of the Baptists. The State and the Church alike are justly proud of this pure statesman and devoted Christian. Leslie, Rev. Eobert, was bom in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1838, and came with his parents to the United States in 1851, stopping at Chicago, HI., but su))sequent]y locating at Schenectady, N. Y. In 1856 the family again removed to the AVest, es- tablishing their home this time at Clinton, Iowa. According to the old established rule among the Scotch Presbyterians, the parents of Mr. Leslie designed him for the ministry, and while yet quite young he attended for some time the Rev. Dr. An- drew Thompson's school in Edinburgh. The con- version of his parents to Baptist views, and their removal to the United States, somewhat modified and changed these early purposes and also inter- rupted his education. Converted at the age of si.xteen, ho made a profession of religion in 1854, and united with the Baptist cliurch in Clinton, Iowa. After his union with the church lie prose- cuted, in connection with his father, the business ■ of architect and builder. During a number of years he had a painful conflict with his convictions with reference to the Christian ministry, which finally culminated in his happy and entire conse- cration to that work. He was educated at the University of Chicago, graduating in the class of 1869, and at the Chicago Theological Seminary, graduating in 1870. He was ordained Oct. 12, 1870, as pastor of the Baptist church at Anamosa, Iowa. He was subsequently settled at Joliet, III., and in Waverly, Iowa. He took charge of the Baptisl church in Waukesha, AVis., Aug. 1, 1879, where he is now the highly esteemed and useful pastor of the church of which Dr. Robert Boyd was pastor emeritus until his death. Thoroughly educated, fully consecrated to the work of the ministry, sound in his views of truth, and the pastor of one of the best churches in Wisconsin, Mr. Leslie has before him a bright and most promising future. Lester, James S., was born in Virginia ; is now over eighty years old ; was a soldier against the In- dians and Mexicans in Texas in 1842 ; was a mem- ber of the convention and signed the declaration of independence of Texas, March 2, 1836 ; has been a consistent Baptist all his life : a trustee of and liberal contributor to the endowment of Baylor University ; joined the Baptist church in Texas at an earlj' age, and lives now among his old friends in the enjoyment of their warm regard. He is one of the remarkable men of Texas. Letters of Dismission are granted to members to unite with other churches of the same faith and gospel order. A letter of dismission is only a rec- ommendation to the brother in whose favor it is granted. No church is obliged to receive it or him. It is found by experience that a letter should always be addressed to a particular church. General letters are unfavorable to permanent church relations. The letter is wisely limited in time, expiring in three, six, or twelve months. Until the acceeptance of the letter by another church the person in whose favor it has been issued retains his membership in the church granting it unless a by-law provides other- wise. Authority to unite with another church ceases when the date of limitation in the letter is passed. According to Baptist usage the applicant for a letter should pay his church dues, if he is able, before he receives it. After receiving his letter of dismission, if he changes his mind about uniting with another community, he should return the letter to the church or its clerk. While retaining the letter, and before its date of limitation is reached, though still a member of the church, he should not vote at church meetings or take any part in the regular business of the church. Every Baptist has a right to obtain a letter to unite with a regular Baptist church unless there is a charge against him. And this privilege, it is believed, would be sustained by the civil courts. And for the sajme reason, if a member is excluded L EVERETT 687 LEVERING from a church contrary to its by-hiws, or, if it has none, against the usages of the denomination, the courts would order his restoration. An English authority recently makes the following statement on til is question : " The courts say to a church, chapel, company, club, or partnership. Make what contract you please, hut when the agreement is made we will see that it is kept." There is no reason to doubt but that this is the law in every State of the Union for every association, secular and religious, legally holding real estate. When a member asks for a letter, and there is no accusation against him before the disciplinary committee or the church, unles.s some grave breach of duty has been committed no charge should be brought then. Baptist usage re- quires the clerk of a church receiving a letter to notify the church granting it that the brother com- mended by it has been received into fellowship. Regular Baptist churches do not grant letters of dismission to Pedobaptist religious communities. Neither do they receive letters from these bodies except as testimonials. Form of a Letter of Dismission. The Baptist church of to the Baptist church of Dear Bretuken : This is to certify that is a meml)cr with us in good standing and full fellowship ; and at his own request he is hereby dismissed from us to unite with you. When received by you his con- nection with us will cease. By order of the church. ■, Chitrch Clerk. This letter will be valid for six months. Leverett, Prof. Warren, was born Dec. 19, IcSUo ; he and his twin-brother. Prof. AVashington Leverett, are sons of AVilliam and Lydia (Fuller*) Leverett, of Brookline, Mass. At the age of fourteen the two brothers went to live with Samuel Griggs, Esq., a brother of Mrs. Leverett's second husband, a farmer residing in Rutland, Vt. Here they re- mained until they reached their majority. In the mean time they had experienced conversion, and leaving the home in Vermont that they might pur- sue study under the direction of their eldest brother. Rev. William Leverett, of Rosbury, they united with the Baptist church in Cambridgeport. Sep- tember, 1828, they entered Brown University, graduating in 1832. For a time the brothers were separated, Washington becoming one of the faculty of Columbian College, Washington, D. C, and Warren being compelled by broken health to travel, though engaged occasionally in teaching. He re- moved to the AVest and opened a school in Green- ville, 111, and successfully carried it on for a year and a half, when he removed to Upper Alton, be- coming connected with Shurtleff College, and re- maining in that service until 18G8. He died at Upper Alton in November, 1872. Prof. Leverett's department in Shurtleff College was that of ancient languages, in which studies he was a thorough, pro- ficient, and an admirable instructor. AVhile a mem- ber of the church in Cambridgeport he was licensed as a preacher, and frequently during his life offi- ciated as siicli witli much ae('e[)taiu;e. Leverett, Washington, LL.D.— Some account of the early life of Washington Leverett, professor in Shurtleff College during so many years, is given in connection with the notice of his twin-brother. Prof. Warren Leverett. AVashington Leverett, after two years spent as teacher in Brown Univer- sity, and in Columbian College, AVashington, D. C, entered at Newton, where he graduated in 1836. Receiving at that time a call to the chair of Mathe- matics and Natural Philosophy in Shurtleff Col lege, he accepted it, and removing to Illinois en- tered at once upon his duties. This post of service he continued to fill with marked acceptance for thirty-two years, resigning it in 1868. Since that date he has continued his connection with the col- lege as a member of the board of trustees, and as librarian and treasurer. It is justly written of him that " as a teacher ho was eminently successful, and possessed a thoroughness of scholarship and real worth that never failed to command the respect of his pupils, and which has endeared him to a large circle of warm frii^nds." Levering, Judge Charles, associate judge of the Circuit Court of Allen Co., 0., was a lineal de- scendant of AV'igard Levering, one of the pioneer settlers of Roxborough, in Philadelphia County, who emigrated to this country from Geruiany in 1685. He was born in Roxborough township, Dec. 8, 1782. Mr. Levering received the common rudiments of an English education at the district school of his native place. In 1805 he indulged a hope in Christ, ond was 1)aptized into the fellowship of the Roxborough Baptist church, of which ho was elected deacon March 24, 1821. On Sept. 24, 1812, he was married to Esther Levering, eldest daughter of Deacon Anthony Levering, of Roxborough, a most estimable Chris- tian wife and mother. ;Mr. Levering was a patriot, and during the war of 1812-14, although he was major of a regiment, yet when he found his command was not to he ordered into active service until after six months, he enlisted as a private in the Roxborough A'olun- teers, of which company he subsequently became captain. In 1822 he removed into the district of South- wark, and united with the Third church ; subse- LEVERING 688 LEVERING quently he joined tlie Second church, during the p.astorate of the Rev. Thomas J. Kiitts. In 1835, Mr. Levering removed to Allen, novr Auglaize Co., 0., soon after vrhich he was appointed JUDGE CHARLES LEVERING. associate judge of the Circuit Court for that county, ■which position he held for several years. He was active in everything pertaining to the success of our denomination. He was a constitu- ent member and deacon of the Amanda and Wa- paukoneta churches, and held the office of deacon in the latter until his death, which occurred March 14, 1860. His remains lie in a country church- yard, on the State road, about five miles north of Wapaukoneta, the county seat of Auglaize Co., 0. Levering', Eugene, Sr., was born in Baltimore, Md., April 24, 1819. He traced his fiimily for seven generations to Rosier Levering, born pi'obably in France about 1600, who fled to Holland or Gei'- many on account of religious persecutions, and married Elizabeth Van De Walle, of Wesel, West- phalia. They had two sons, — Wigard and Gehard. The former, Eugene's ancestor, was born at Gamen, Westphalia, about 1648, and married, in 1671, Magdalene Bcikcr. In 1685. accompanied by his wife and their four children, he camo to America and settled at Germantown, Pa. In 1692 he removed to Roxborough, Avhere he bought 500 acres of land. AVigard and his wife had ten chil- dren. Their son AVilliam, of the third generation, was born at Mulheim, in Germany, May 4, 1677, and came to America with his parents. He died in 1746, leaving five children. Tlie eldest,' Wil- liam, of the fourth generation, was born at Rox- borough, August, 1705. He married. May 2, 1732, Hannah Clement. He built the first hotel at Rox- borough, now known as the " Leverington,"' which he carried on together with blacksmithing and farming, his farm embracing 250 acres. He died March 30, 1774. The first school-house in Rox- borough was built through his exertions, and he gave the ground for it in 1748. It is now called ' "The Levering Primary School." William and Hannah had nine children, one of whom. Enoch, of the fifth generation, was Ijorn in Roxborough, Feb. 21, 1742. After conducting his large tannery there for many years, he removed to Baltimore, Md., between the years 1773 and 1775. Here he entered extensively into the grocery business. He married Mary Righter, and died aged fifty-four. They had nine sons. Peter was the first-born. Enoch's brother, Nathan, born in Roxborough, May 19, 1745, gave the lot on which the Roxborough Baptist church is built, and superintended its erec- tion. This church, of which he was a constituent member, met at his residence prior to the erection of their house of worship. He also gave the ground for their cemetery. He was father-in-law to II. G. Jones, D.D., son of Rev. David Jones, A.M., a famous Revolutionary cha'plain. Hon. H. G. Jones, the son of Dr. Jones, is the author of " A Genea- EUGEXE LEVEUING, SR. logical Account'" of the Levering family, from which many of the facts of this article are taken. Peter, of the sixth generation, was born in Roxborough, Feb. 14. 1766, and removed to Baltimore with his LEVERING 689 LEVY parents, where lie hccatno enfjaged in the shipping and commission business. He married. May 22, 1798, Hannah, only daughter of William Wilson, of the firm of William Wilson & Sons, one of the most extensive shipping-houses of Baltimore. They both were meml)ers of the First Baptist church. Mr. Levering united with it late in life, but was a prominent member of the congregation, and his house was headquarters for the denomination. He died Dec. 7, 1843. They had fourteen children, Eugene being the twelfth, and the 455th descendant of Rosier Levering. He was l)()rn in Baltimore, April 24, 1819. After spending some years in preparation in private schools in Baltimore, he went to college, but his health compelled him to relinquish his intention. At an early age he was converted, and united with the First Baptist church, of which he became a most useful mcMiiber. Sub- sequently he became a valued member of the Sev- enth Baptist church, Richard Fuller, D.D., pastor, of whom he was an intimate friend. He was for many years the treasurer of the Maryland Baptist Union Association. He married. Oct. 4. 1842, Ann, daughter of Joshua and Mary E. Walker, of Balti- more, and a descendant of Henry Safer, who came from England in 1709, and through whose lil)crality and efforts the first Baptist church in Maryland was formed. They had twelve children, nine of whom are now living. In 1842 he commenced business, in partnership with his brother, Frederick A., who married Martha E. -Johnson, grandnicce of the first governor of Maryland. Levering & Co. soon became a leading house in their business, and not only established for themselves an enviable reputation, but also added much to the prosperity of Baltimore. In 1861, when the war began, owing to their extensive trade with the Soutiiern States, where they were unable to collect their debts, they were compelled to suspend and to compromise with all their creditors for fifty cents on the dollar. But near the close of the war, so successful and con- scientious were they, that they paid the entire ob- ligation, from which they had been legally released, with interest, amounting to nearly SIOO.OOO. In 1866, upon the death of his brother, Eugene took into partnership with him his sons William T., Eugene, and Joshua. The house took a position at the head of their special trade, and has been greatly instrumental in making Baltimore second in im- portance in their branch of business in the United States. Mr. Levering died, after an illness of four months, in June, 1870. He left S30,000 to chari- table and religious objects. lie made his three sons his executors, and left them in charge of the business. The present firm, composed of his sons William T., Eugene, Joshua, and Leonidas, suc- ceeded the old firm in January, 1875, upon the set- tlement of their father's estate. It is the largest house in their business in Baltimore, and the third or fourth in the United States. Eugene is presi- dent of the National Bank of Commerce. Following in the footsteps of their fathers, the sons are living for Christ, being active in church and denomina- tional matt(!rs, and being also among the largest contributors to the cause of Christ in the Baptist denomination North or South. Mr. Levering's widow survives him. She and lier children — eight sons, one daughter, and four daughters-in-law — are all members of the Eutaw Place Baptist church. These children are left to testify by their worth of character and their noble deeds to the true princi- ples and exalted reputatidii of their parents. Levering, Franklin, was bom in Baltimore, March 9, ISll. He united in early life with tiie First Baptist church in Baltimore;. He removed to Clark Co., Mo., and united with Fox River church, and organized the first Sabbath-school in the county. In 1843 he located at Hannibal, and entered upon mercantile pursuits. He was a suc- cessful business man, and a zealous Christian, given to hospitality. His house was the home of visiting ministers. He united with the church in Hannibal, and was clerk, deacon, and Sabbath-school super- intendent. The last oflice he held twenty-six years. He left his children the heritage of an unblem- ished character, and was held in the highest esteem as a citizen. He died July 20, 1870, and was deeply mourned in the church and in the community. His daily life exemplified the beauty of holiness. When dying he was asked if he wanted anything, he shook his head and replied, "Jesus is coming." When asked if he had any message to leave, he said, " Live holy lives." Levy, Edgar Mortimer, D.D., was born in St. Mary's, Ga., Nov. 23, 1S22; was converted when thirteen years of age, and united with the Presby- terian Church. After pursuing studies for two years in a private classical school, he spent three years in the University of Pennsylvania, and studied theology under the late Rev. Albert Barnes ; was licensed to preach in 1843; became deeply inter- ested in the subject of baptism, and after a year of prayerful study, was baptized April 14, 1844, by Dr. G. B. Ide, of Philadelphia. In the autumn of 1 844 he was invited to supply the First West Phila- delphia church, and soon after became pastor. After fourteen years of abundant labor he accepted a call to the South church, Newark, N. J., where he remained ten years. In 1868 he returned to Philadelphia, and became pastor of the Berean church, where he still remains, and where many have been gathered into the church under his ministrations. He received the degree of D.D., in 1865, from the university at Lewisburg. Dr. Levy has had much to do with the prosperity of the Baptist church in West Philadelphia. LEVY 690 LEWIS Levy, Capt. John P., was born in St. Mary's, Ga., July 25, 18U9 ; learned the .trade of ship- carpenter, and on completing his apprenticeship shipped as a sailor on a Liverpool packet ; was soon made commander of the vessel, and spent a number of years in seafaring life. At length he returned to Philadelphia, and . established the well-known ship-building firm of Reaney, Neafie & Levy, which undertaking was attended with rapidly increasing success. In the spring of 1855 he was baptized by his brother. Rev. E. M. Levy, D.D., and united with the First church, West Philadelphia, of which his brother was at that time pastor. He subse- quently became impressed with the necessity of es- tablishing another interest in this rapidly growing section of the city, and united with others in organ- CAPT. JOH.V p. LEW. izing the Berean church. The beautiful moeting- ho'use of this church was secured mainly through his munificent benefactions, and was dedicated free of in- cumbrance June 22, I860. As a thank-offering for continued pi'osperity, he built an attractive parson- age adjoining the sanctuarj', and conveyed it to the church, togetiier with an annuity of §600. Nor were his benefactions confined to the church of which he was a member. lie was a man full of generous impulses, and his wealth was largely distributed. IIo died at Aiken, S. C whither he had gone to recruit his fi^cblc lioaltli. Oee. 2(). 1S()7. Lewis, Rev. Cadwallader, LL.D., an emincMit scholar, and one of the most eloquent pulpit orators of the South, was born in Spottsylvania Co., Ya., Nov. 5, 1811. He was educated by his fathei-, who conducted a classical school many years at Llan- gollen, Va., but finished his course of study, which was a very full one, at the University of Virginia. In 1831 he went to Kentucky, and taught school in Covington. The following year he took charge of the preparatory department of Georgetown Col- lege. In 1844 he commenced the study of medi- cine, but his health failed, and he located on a farm in Franklin County, where he has lived until the* present time. During the same j-ear he made a profession of religion, and united with Buck Run Baptist' church, near his home. He was very soon after licensed to preach, and was ordained in 1846. He was invited to take pastoral charge of the Baptist church at Frankfort, but his health would not admit of his leaving his farm. He took charge of country and village churches conveni- ent to his residence, preaching one Sunday in the month to each, and has thus emploj'ed himself to the p.resent time, except when, in consequence of a crushed limb, he was unable to travel. He occupied the chair of Theology in Georgetown College four years. He is a strong, logical writer, and exercises a leading influence in the councils of the denomi- nation in his State. Lewis, Rev. Charles^ Casson, son of Horatio and Betsey Lewis, was born in vStonington, Conn., June 8, 1807 ; became a sea-captain : converted in 1842 under the preaching of Rev. J. S. Swan : joined Third Baptist church in Grotou, Conn. ; began preaching at Key AVest, Fla., where he planted a church and was ordained ; afterwards settled with the following churches : First Groton, Conn. : Lisbury, Mass. ; Second Ilopkinton, Exeter, North Kingstown, Block Island, and Lattery Vil- lage, R.J. ; and Second North Stonington, Conn. ; from Block Island he was elected to the senate of Rhode Island ; was a man of fervor and power ; died in the pastoral office with the Second Baptist church of North Stonington, Conn.. ISIarch 10, 1864, in his fifty-seventh year. Lewis, Rev. Daniel D., was bom in Barn- stable, Mass., July 21, 1777. He was converted in early life, and joined the First church in Portland, Me., then composed of nine members. These per- sons were full of the grace of Christ, and the church soon became numerous and widely influential. Mr. Lewis took charge of the church at Ipswich, Mass., on first entering the ministry. He was subsequently pastor of the Second church of Prov- idence, R. I., of the church in Fishkill, N. Y., in Frankford. Pa., in Wilmington, Del., and in Pater- son and Piscatawa_v, N. J. In Pist^ataway he spent years rich in divine blessings, and from it he en- tered the " general assembly and church of the first-born,"' Sept. 25, 1849. He delivered his last sermon on Sunday evening, and died on the follow- ing Tuesday.' LEWIS 691 LEWIS Mr. Lewis was an able preacher, full of the Spirit and Word of God, and a successful pastor of the chureiies for whose welfare ho hihored. He healed church wounds, built up disciples in the glorious doctrines of {^racc, led throngs of converts to Jesus, and enjoyed the warm affection of large numbers. His memory is precious still in the churches for whose eternal interests he employed his time and talents, and his fervent prayers. Lewis, Rev. Geo. W., was born in EUisburgh, Jefferson Co., N. Y., April 14, IS'2'2, where he was baptized in March, 1833; ordained in Lowell, Ind., Jan. 18, 1866; labored in Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa ; and became pastor of the Aurora Baptist church. Neb., in 1878. Mr. Lewis has enjoyed the divine blessing in his pastorates. Lewis, Hon. Henry Clay, of Coldwater, Mich., was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., May .'), 1820. He has resided in Coldwater since 1844, where he has been engaged in business, first as a merchant and afterwards as a banker. lie is president of the Coldwater National Hank, and has been mayor of the city. He has been a member of the Baptist Churcii nearly twenty years. He is chiefly known as the owner of an art-gallery, which he founded in 1868, which is open to the public without charge. It is larger than any other art-gallery on this con- tinent. Mr. Lewis takes great pleasure ill affording HON. IIKNRV CI.AV LEWIS. enjoyment to others, and has made his gallerj', in its surroundings as well as in itself, beautiful and attractive, and a nmst important element in the educational influences of the city of Coldwater. Lewis, Prof. John J., A.M., was bom in Utica, N. Y., Dec. 2.). 1S4:;. of Welsh Congregational par- entage ; entered the grammar school of Madison University in 18')9; entered Madison University, and afterwards Hamilton College (Clinton), and was there graduated in 1864 ; Professor of Belies- Lettrcs and Elocution in Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute from 1864 to 1866. In the fall of 1866 he removed to Syracuse, and began preaching in a small mission chapel; was settled March, 1867, as pastor of First Baptist church, Syracuse ; was very successful, the increase in six- teen months being over 140. In 1868 he became Professor of Bellcs-Lettres in Madison University, which position he still retains, to the great satis- faction of students, alumni, and friends of the in- stitution ; has contributed largely to the press, many of his articles being founded on his travels in Japan, Burniah, India, and the Orient. Lewis, Rev. John W., one of the most distin- guished Baiitistministorsof North Georgia, was l)orn near Spartanburg, S. C, Feb. 1, 1801. Educated at a classical academy near Spartanburg, he studied and practised medicine at Greenville, S. C, becom- ing a skillful and popular physician. He united with the Baptist church of that town. During the years 1830 and 1831 he was a member of the South Carolina Legislature. About that time he began to preach, and was ordained in 1832. He removed to Canton, Ga., in 1839 or 1840, becoming pastor of that and other churches in Cherokee, Ga., and acquiring a great influence. He was a preacher of much force and energy ; a strong and bold defender of the foith ; an able expounder of the Word, and an eloquent advocate of the truth. A man of fine practical sense, he had a strong mind, and was a deep, original thinker. He had a benevolent heart, and was steadfast in his friendships. He had ex- traorditiary forecast, and managed business matters with great ability and success. In 18.57 he was appointed superintendent of the State road by Gov. Brown, and his management was eminently suc- cessful. During the war he served in the Congress of the Confederate States, as Senator, with great ability, and previous to the war he served in the State senate, and was instrumental in the es- tablishment of tlie Supreme Court of Georgia. His character stood extraordinarily high in Georgia. A man of firm faith, deep piety, and unabated zeal, he won many souls to Jesus. After a life of great usefulness, he died in Cherokee County, in June, 186.5. Lewis, Rev. Lester, was born in SuffieKl. Conn., Oct. !•'), 1>I7: liaptized by Rev. Henry Jackson, D.D., and united with First Baptist church in Hartford, Feb. 11, 1838; studied in Connecticut Literary Institution ; ordained pastor of the church in Agawam, Mass., Oct. 7, 1840; in ls46 began to LEWIS BURG 69'2 LEWISBURG labor for Connecticut Baptist State Convention, but soon settled with the church in B'ristol ; in 1853 became pastor of the church in Middletown, where, after great success, he died, Feb. 7, 1858; large- hearted, sound in the faith, a clear and forcible preacher, fervent in prayer, and beloved by all who knew him. Lewisburg, Pa., the University at— In the jear 1845, some intelligent Baptists of the North- umberland Association saw the need of higher edu- cation for their sons and daughters, under the religious auspices of their own denomination. Their perception of this need at first took form in a plan for a first-class academy. The natural beauty, healthfulness, and economic advantages of the borough of Lewisburg, in Union Co., Pa., on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, aijd in the geographical centre of the State, determined the location of the school in that village. Through the Rev. Eugenio Kincaid and the Rev. J. E, Bradley, Stephen W. Taylor, who had recently resigned his professorship in Madison iJniversity, became en- listed in the new enterprise. Under the principal- ship of Prof Taylor, assisted by his son, Alfred Taylor, A.M., and I. N. Loomis, A.M., a school was opened in the fall of 1846 in the basement of the Baptist church, since destroyed. Prof. Taylor combined prophetic insight with the powers of a rare teacher, and saw in the new school the germ of a university. Others approved the project of founding at Lewisburg such an in- stitution as would meet the higher educational de- mands of the whole State. A charter incorporating " The University at Lewisburg, Pa.," was approved on the 5th day of February, 1846, with the follow- ing trustees: James Moore, James Moore, Jr., Joseph Meireell, William IL Ludwig, Samuel Wolfe, Levi B. Christ, Henry Funk, Joel E. Brad- ley, Eugenio Kincaid, Benjamin ]5ear, AVilliam W. Keen, William Bucknell, Thomas Wattson, James M. Linnard, Lewis Vastine, Oliver Black- burn, Caleb Lee, Daniel L. Moore. It was provided in the charter that ground should be purchased and buildings erected when $100,000 had been raised, that a fourth part should bo per- manently invested in a productive form, that the property should not be mortgaged or debt incurred under any pretext whatever, that no misnomer should defeat or annul a grant or bequest, and that ten acres of ground with improvements should be exempt from taxation. The management was committed to two boards: 1st, a board of trustees, not to exceed twenty members, all of whom must be Baptists ; and, 2d, a board of curators, not to exceed forty members, the majority of whom must ■ bo Baptists. Both boards are self- perpetuating. Tiie subscription of $100,000 was declared to be se- cured on the 17th day of July, 1849, through the ef- forts of I)rs. Eugenio Kincaid and William Shadrach, who ti-aversed the State soliciting funds. Previous to this a tract of land to the south of the borough of Lewisburg, including a fine hill of nearly a hundred feet elevation, covered with -a beautiful natural grove, and commanding extended views over river and valley, had been secured for the university. In 1848 an academy building was begun and nearly, completed. In January, 1849, the trustees felt justi- fied in electing professors for the college, and in commencing a college building. Two graduates of Madison University, the Rev. G. W. Anderson, A.M., editor of the Christian Chronicle, of Phila- delphia, and the Rev. G. R. Bliss, of New Bruns- wick, N. J., were appointed, respectively, to the chairs of Latin and Greek. Both soon afterwards began their labors, the students of the academy and the college, consisting of both sexes, reciting together in the academy building, Prof. Taylor still acting as principal. In 1851 the west wing of the college building was completed, and the college students moved into dormitories and studies regarded at the time as "unsurpassed in pleasantness by those of any in- stitution." In the spring of this year Prof Taylor resigned his position touiccept the presidency of Madison University, but remained to preside at the first Commencement, August 20, 1851, when a class of seven was graduated in the chapel of the acad- emy. It is but just to the memorj' of this good man and great teacher to quote the words of a co- worker who knew him well: "Without him it is almost certain that our university would never have existed, and existing in an essential measure by his agency, it is well for us that that agency was not only earnest, benevolent, laborious, and pious, but also in the main judicious and beneficial." The Rev. Howard jMalcom, D.D., of Philadelphia, an alumnus of Princeton, and ex-president of Georgetown College, had been chosen president of the university, and Charles S. James, A.M., a graduate of Brown, and Alfred Taylor, A.M., a graduate of JNIadison, were added to the faculty of the college, the former as Professor of ]Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and the latter as Professor of Belles-Lettres. AVith these additions began the collegiate year 1851-52. The college now became a distinct department of the university, the academy became gradually a preparatory school for boys only, while, in 1852, the '' University Female In- stitute" became a separate department. A theo- logical department was added in 1855. From this point, therefore, we may consider the departments separately. THE COLLEGE. Tiio ]irosidoncy of Dr. Malcom continued from 1851 to 1857, during which the college building was completed, consisting of a main bftilding 80 feet THE INIXKRSITV AT I.KW ll^lil KU. l'.\. LEWISBURG 694 LEWISBURG square, of three stories, for recitation-rooms, chapel, society halls, library, cabinet, and Commencement Hall, and two wings, each 120 feet long and 35' feet wide, of four stories, for students' study-rooms and dormitories. In 1852 the sum of §45,000 was added to the funds by a few friends without a general canvass. About $20,000 were received from lands sold from the original campus, leaving finally about twenty-six acres as university grounds. Thus established, the college began a work of incalculable value to the intellectual and spiritual progress of the denomination in Pennsylvania. On the resignation of President Malcom, in 1857, the Rev. Justin R. Loomis, Ph.D., who had been called from Waterville, Me., in 1854, to fill the chair of Natural Sciences, succeeded him as president. During twenty-five years President Loomis devoted his best energies to the work of building up the college, and establishing the youth who came under his moulding hand in the principles of a deep Christian philosophy. The invasion of Pennsyl- vania by Lee's army, in 18'63, caused the closing of the college during a campaign of six weeks, officers and students uniting to form Company A of the 28th Regiment of Pa.- Vols. A memorial tablet in Commencement Hall commemorates the names of those who fell in the war for the Union. In 1864, President Loomis increased the funds of the university by collecting subscriptions amounting to $100,000. In 1876 an attempt was made to se- cure additional endowment, 'but owing to other interests in the field the effort was abandoned after about $20,000 had been promised, mostly in private subscriptions offered by a few liberal fi-iends. In 1879, President Loomis resigned the presi- dency, and Prof. David J. Hill, A.M., a graduate of the college, and at the time of his appointment Crozer Professor of Rhetoric, was chosen president of the university, a position which he still occupies. The following were presidents and acting presi- dents from the foundation of the college to the year 1880 : PRESIDENTS. Elected. Eesigned. 1851. Kev. Howard Malcom, D.D., LL.D 1857 1857. Kev. Justin R. Loomis, Ph.D., LL.D 1879 1879. Kev. David J. Hill, A.M. ACTINO PRESIDENTS. Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., prior to 1851. Kev. Geo. R. Bliss, D.D., LL.D., during 1871-72. Kev. Francis W. Tustin, IMi.D., for six months in 1879. The university has an endowment of $121,000, and property worth $117,000, and an effort is now started by which its endowment is certain to be greatly increased. The institution has no debts. The college is now in possession of a fine library •of nearly 10,000 volumes, a museum of about 10,000 specimens for the illustration of the sciences, a chemical laboratory and ajiparatus. There are two flourishing literary societies with libraries of their own. They publish a monthly journal called The College Herald. There is also a " Society for Moral and Religious Inquiry." There are two prizes for preparation for college and one for ex- cellence in oratory in the Junior year. Tuition is free to the sons of ministers. The expenses range from $125 to $250 per annum. The courses of study have expanded greatly since the opening of the college, as shown in compara- tive tables published in " A Historical Sketch of the University at Lewisburg," edited by 0. W. Spratt, LL.B., in 1876, and printed by the Society of Alumni. There are now two courses leading to a degree : (1) The classical course, of four years, leading to the degree of A.B., and (2) the Latin scientific course, leading to the degree of S.B. Both courses have been brought up to th6 standard of the best Eastern colleges, and have recently given some scope to the optional element. Anglo-Saxon, American literature, comparative zoology, analyt- ical chemistry, and constitutional law have been added to both courses. A good collection of en- gravings, heliotypes, and casts has stimulated the study of the fine arts, and illustrated lectures are given to the Senior class. Lectures on Grecian history, life, and literature ; Roman history, life, and literature ; medireval histoi-y ; English history and literature ; the history of philosophy ; natural theology ; and the evidences of Christianity are regularly delivered. The introduction of a short course of lectures on practical ethics and In^giene for the Freshman class is believed to be distinctively peculiar to this college. The government is thus based on ethical ideas, and so far has proved that an appeal to manhood develops it and secures self- government. The graduates of the college number 322. Hon- orai'y degrees have been bestowed as follows : LL.D., 12: .D.D., 36 ; Ph.D., 10; A.M., 52. Since 1851, when the first class was graduated, important changes bearing upon the prosperity of the college have gradually taken place. The Phil- adelphia and Erie Railroad runs within one mile of Lewisbjarg. and the Lewisburg and Tyrone Rail- road passes through it. The town is lighted with gas, and contains several miles of well-paved side- M'alks. A new church edifice, costing nearly $60,000, has been built by the Baptists. The natural beauty of the place has been enhanced by these improvements, yet it remains a quiet, moral, and rural retreat admirably adapted to the seclusion which thorough study demands for the young. THE INSTITUTE. This department of the university began its sep- arate organization as a school in 1852, under the principalship of Miss Hadassah E.* Scribner, of LFAVISBURG 695 LIBERIA Maine, who retained her position for two years. In 1854 two young ladies, the first chiss of the in- stitute, were graduated. At this time all the teach- ers resigned, and Miss Amanda Taylor, of Easton, Pa., with a new corps of assistants, undertook tiie work. Strong prejudices existed in the community against the liberal education of women, but this was gradually overcome by persistent effort, and in 1858 fifteen young ladies were graduated in the presence of an audience of 1500 people. Since then classes ranging from ten to twenty have been graduated every year. In 1857 six acres of a beautiful grove were appropriated for a suitable building on the university grounds. The building is pleasantly and healthfully located, warmed with furnaces, and lighted with gas, and it will accom- modate ninety boarders. In 1869 a wing was added, at the cost of I? 10,000, containing rooms for students and a large gymnasium, which has been suitably fitted up. In 1863, Miss Taylor resigned, and was suc- ceeded by Miss Lucy W. Rundell, of Aldcn, N. Y. She continued her work ably until 1869, when she was succeeded by Miss Harriet E. Spratt, daughter of the Rev. Geo. M. Spratt, D.D., and a graduate of the institute. This rare Christian woman had already spent fourteen years in the school as a teacher. She continued as principal until the Com- mencement of 1878. A few months later she ended a career of extraordinary usefulness by death, having been made Emeritus lady principal after her resignation. For twenty-four years her life was devoted to the successive cl.asses of young women that passed through the institute, and hun- dreds mourned for her as for a sister. In 1878, Jonathan Jones, A.M., was elected prin- cipal, a position which he now holds. The institute is provided with an able corps of instructors, who live in the institute building and make it a school home. There are five courses of study, ranging from a preparatory English course to a full classical collegiate cour.se. The young ladies recite in their own building, apart from the young gentlemen, but attend the lectures of the college, enjoy the use of the library and museum, and witness the experi- ments of the professor of natural sciences. There are excellent advantages for instruction in music, drawing, crayoning, and painting. The graduates number 293. THE ACADEMY. When, in 1849, the college emerged into a dis- tinct department of the university, the academy was intrusted to the princiiialship of Isaac N. Loomis, A.M., sharing the new academy building with the college. This arrangement continued until the college building was completed, II. D. Walker, A.M., succeeding Principal Loomis in 1853, and George Yeager, A.M., following in 1857. Isaac C. Wynn, A.M., became principal in 1859, and in January, 1860, the academy building being used then solely for that department, it was fitted up for a boarding-school for boys and young men. Until l8f')S tlie academy embraced the classical j)re- paratory classes of the university, lint in that year •■ The Classical Preparatory Department" was or- ganized, with Freeman Loomis, A.M., as principal, the academy being confined to English branches only. This arrangement continued, the English academy liaving in the mean time a succession of separate principals, until 1878, when th(! depart- ments were reunited under the principalship of William E. Martin, A.M. "The Classical Prepar- atory Department,'" from 1868 to 1878, was estab- lished in the west wing of the college building. The academy, as reorganized in 1S78, is a thor- ough English and classical school, designed to f)re- pare young men for college, for business, or for teaching in the common .schools. The students have access to the college library and reading-room. When prepared they are admitted to the college upon the certificate of the principal, without exam- ination. Special attention is given to English and commercial branches. Many improvements have been made in the building, rendering it a pleasant home for boys. Students of small means are al- lowed to board in clubs, which reduces their ex- penses considerably. THE THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. The charter of the university permits the esta)> lishment of any professional school by the corpo- ration. A school of theology, however, is the only department of this kind so far attempted. This was opened in 1855 under the charge of Thomas F. Curtis, D.D., and continued during thirteen years. On the resignation of Prof. Curtis, in 1865, the school was reorganized, with Lemuel Moss, D.D., as Professor of Theology, and Lucius E. Smith, D.D., as Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology, Geo. R. Bliss, D.D., being con- tinued as Professor of Biblical Interpretation. In 1868 the department was removed to Upland, Pa., and reorganized by the family of the late John P. Crozer as " The Crozer Theological Seminary," under a new corporation, but still retaining a close connection with the university at Lcwisburg, whose graduates supply its classes in a large measure. While at Lewisburg the department enrolled 38 graduates. These have been received and enrolled among the alumni of the Crozer Seminary. Liberia. — The people of Liberia are of the African race, by the way of the United States. They are very enterprising, and there is reason to believe that the providence of God designs to ac- complish great spiritual good for the country of their fathers through their instrumentality. There LIBERTY 696 LIBERTY are 26 Baptist churches in the republic with a mem- bership of about 2000. At the last m(?eting of " The Liberia Baptist Association," in December, 1879, a considerable amount of prosperity among the churches was reported. The Providence chui'ch in Monrovia had received 5G by baptism, the Arthing- ton church 24, and the- First church in.Edina 39 ; 275 baptisms were reported for the year. At the annual meeting of the Liberia Baptist Association the members agreed to form another Association and a national organization. Liberty, American Religious. — Mucli has been said and written about the originator of our religious freedom. Some have zealously claimed Lord Baltimore as its author. This nobleman was a Roman Catholic, and on that account a large amount of very clear evidence is necessary ^o estab- lish his right to this honor. He was a talented man, with many of the qualities, of a statesman. He knew that the English people in 1633, when his first settlers left their country for the New World, would never tolerate a colony in the British dominions where the Protestant religion was ex- cluded, and, as a matter of. absolute necessity, he had to permit its existence ■ in Maryland. He deserved no credit for showing common sense. His first settlers were Catholics, and to them his colony appealed for recruits; and nothing in the history of Maryland shows him to be an unselfish friend of religious liberty. He simply appears as a yielding statesman bending to the necessities of the times. John Leeds Bozman's " History of Maryland" was published by the General Assembly of that State in 1837. It is derived largely from " the written memorials which then existed in the public archives of the State," to which the author had free access, and it bears the authority of the government of Maryland. In 1639, Bozman says, "A very short bill was introduced into the house (the Legis- lature), entitled 'An act for church liberties,' and was expressed nearly in the following words : '//o/y Church within this province shall have all her rights, liberties, and immunities safe, whole, and inviolable in all things.' When we reflect on the original causes of their emigration (the col- onists of Maryland), we cannot but suppose that it was the intention of those in whose hands the gov- ernment of the province was, a majority of whom were without doubt Catholics, as well as much the greater number of the colonists, to erect a hier- archy, with an ecclesiastical jurisdiction similar to the ancient Church of England beforeihe Reforma- tion:'* "Holy Church" is the Catholic Church, and this was but the entering wedge of a Romish persecuting religious establishment. * History of Maijliuul, ii. 107-9. Another bill of the same session provided, that " Sating flesh in time of Lent, or on other days, Wednesdays excepted, wherein it is prohibited by the law of England, without case of infirmity, to be allowed by the judge; and the, offender shall for- feit to the lord proprietary five pounds of tobacco, or one shilling sterling, for every such offence. "f This is liberty of conscience at the expense of a shilling, or five pounds of tobacco, for each indul- gence in such freedom. In 1640, Bozman says, '■ The Jirsf of the acts passed at this session, entitled ' An act for church liberty,' is nearly verbaiim the same as the first section of the second act of the preceding session;" J that is, that '"Holy Church within this province shall have all her rights, liber- ties, and immunities safe, whole, and inviolable in all things;" and the Catholics of Maryland would probably have given force to their la^\, and erected a persecuting popish established church in their colony, if they had not heard the commencing thunder that roared with such fury a little later at Marston Moor and Naseby. Their church act was the second of the preceding Legislature, and the first of this, showing their great earnestness on the subject. Cromwell wrouojht wonders in Enjrland ; the Church was completely overthrown, Satan was as popular in Great Britain as a Catholic, and Lord Baltimore, certain to lose his province un- less he suited his sails to the fiei'ce hurricane then raging, at once appointed a Protestant gov- ernor (vStone) instead of Gov. Greene, a Catholic ; he also appointed a Protestant secretary of the province and a Protestant "majority in the council. Bozman, speaking of the change, says, " In this measure .of his lordship we discern (he commence- ment of that general toleration of all sects of re- ligion which prevailed under the early provincial government of Maryland. "§ No principle of tol- eration required Baltimore to place Protestants at the head of his government. He certainly did not love Protestantism at this very time, for he required Gov. Stone to take the following as a part of his official oath : " And I do further swear that I will not, by myself nor any person directly or indirectlj', trouble, molest, or discountenance any person what- soever in the said province professing to believe in Jesus Christ, and in 2>ni'fi<'iil(ir no Roman Catholic for or in respect of his or her religion, nor in his or her free exercise thereof icithin the said jorov- mcc." II A councillor had to take the same oath. It certainly was not love for the men or their re- ligion that led Baltimore to make his new appoint- ments. It was " an enlightened measure of state policy" to save his province from Cromwell. With this change in the rulers of Maryland his t Iiiom, 137. § Idem, 336. J Idem, 174. II Idem, 04S, note Ixi. LIBERTY 697 LIBERTY lordship proposed, and liis Legislature enacted, a law with the following clauses in it : " Whatsoever* person or persons within this province and the islands tliereunto belonginj^ shall from henceforth blaspheme God, tliat is, curse him, or shall deny our Saviour Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, or shall deny the Holy Trinity, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, or the Godhead of any of the said three persons of the Trinity, or the unity of the Godhead, or shall use or utter any reproachful speeches, words, or language concerning the Holy Trinity, or any of the said three persons thereof, sliall 1)6 punished with death and ("onfiscation or forfeiture of all his or her land and goods to the lord pro- prietary and his heirs.' "Whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth use or utter any reproachful words or speeches concerning the blessed Viryin Mary, the mother of our Saviour, or the holy apostles or evangelists, or any of them, shall in such case for the first offence forfeit to the said lord proprietary, and his heirs lords proprietaries of this province, the sum of £>b sterling, or the value thereof, to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such person so offending ; liut in case such offender or offenders shall not then have goods and chattels sufficient for the satisfying of such forfeit- ure, or that the same be not otherwise speedily satis- fied, then such offender or offenders shall be publicly whipped, and be imprisoned during the pleasure of the lord proprietary, or the lieutenant or chief gov- ernor of this province." For the second offense the fine is £10, or a 2nil)lic and severe whipping, and imprisonment as for the first. For the third offense, the forfeiture of all lands and goods, and expulsion from the province. A subsequent part of the same law says, " Except as in the act is before declared and set forth, no person or persons what- soever within this province, or the islands, ports, harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging, professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be anyways troubled, molested, or dis- countenanced for or in respect of his or her religion, nor in the free exercise thereof within this province, or the islands tliereunto belonging, nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other re- ligion against his or her consent." The penalty for breaking this enactment is " treble damages to the party wronged," and a fine of 20«. ; and in case of failure to pay the fine, a severe public whipping, and imprisonment at the pleasure of the proprietary or his governor. This is the cele- . brated toleration law of Lord Baltimore for which his liberality has been lauded extravagantly, and for which Catholics have been represented as the first founders of religious liberty on this continent. The act was passed in the end of April, 1640, and Charles L was executed three months before. This * Hi8tory of Maryland, 662, 663, note. event, and the motives that prompted it, and the men whom they governed, account wholly for Lord Baltimore's liberality. The toleration was partial and poor. Those who denied the Trinity — all Jews, Unitarians, and Arians — were condemned to death. The gallows was the liberty it gave them. Respect for the Virgin Mary was encouraged l)y fines and whippings, and, in obstinate cases, by the loss of all property, and by exile. There was, indeed, some liberty in this law, accompanied by cruel and wicked limitations ; and for this liberty no thanks are due to Lord Baltimore or his Maryland Catholics. Bozman, in another workf published in 1811, truly says, " In most of the States the penalties of the common law in matters of religion still subsist. The bloody statutes also of some of them only sleep. Not being repealed, they arc liable to be called up into action at any moment when either superstition or fanaticism shall perceive a convenient time for it. What Jew, Socinian, or Deist, possessing a sound mind, would venture, in the State of Maryland for instance, to open 7iis lips in defence of his own religion?'^ Even in 1811 the statute book of Mary- land contained cruel, persecuting enactments ; and only by asserting what is flagrantly untrue can the Baptist State be robbed of her just glory to bestow it upon the founder of Maryland, or upon his colony. The " Colonial Records of Rhode Island" were published by order of the Legislature in 1856, and in them we learn that Roger Williams landed on the site of Providence in the month of May or early in June, 1636, and that he and his friends on their " first coming thither did make an order that no man should be molested for his conscience," even though he was an Israelite, a Unitarian, or an infidel. And a woman had her religious free- dom protected by the same law. In August, 1636, the celebrated compact was entered into and signed at Providence, by which its people "subjected themselves in active and passive obedience to all such orders or agreements as shall be made for public good of the body in an orderlj' way, by the major consent of the present inhabitants, masters of families, incorporated together in a Town fel- lowship, and others whom they shall admit unto them, in civil things only.^' No laws for favoring or prohibiting any form of religion were to be en- acted. On the 21st of May, 1637, Joshua Verin was sentenced to lose the right of voting " for re- straining the liberty of conscience" of his wifi-.J On the 27th of May, 1640, among certain proposals agreed upon at Providence to form a government, these words are found : " We agree, as formerly t .\ Sketch of the History of Marj-lHiiil, during the Threw First Years after its Settlement, p. ^74. Btiltimoro, 1»1 1. X Colonial Records of Rhode Island, printed ty order of the Leg- islature, i. 13, 14, 16. 1856. 45 LIBERTY 698 LIBERTY have been the liberties of the town, so still, to hold forth liberty of conscience."* The first charter of Rhode Island was signed March 14, 1643, and adopted in the colony in May, 1647. ■ Arnold, in liis " History of Rhode Island," truly says, " The use of the word civil is every- where prefixed (in the charter) to the terms ' gov- ernment' or ' laws' wherever they occur ... to restrict the operation of the charter to purely politi- cal concerns. In this apparent restriction there lay concealed a boon of freedom such as man had never known before. They (Rhode Islanders) held them- selves accountable to God alone for their religious creed, and no earthly power could bestow on them aright which they held from heaven. . . . At their own request their powers were limited to civil mat- ife?-s."t The first instrument of governmenj; in the world's liistory disavowing all right to make laws for or against religion, and thereby giving the widest religious liberty, was adopted in Rhode Island two years before Lord Baltimore's bigoted toleration act was passed in Maryland. After making a code of laws for the civil affairs of the colony occur these striking words : " These ai-e the laws that concern all men, and these are the penal- ties for the transgression th'ereof, which by com- mon consent are ratified thi-oughout the whole colony ; and otherwise than thus what is herein forbidden [non-religious crimes only), all men may walk as their consciences persuade them, every one in the name of his God. And 4et the saints of the Most High walk in this colony, without molesta- tion, in the name of Jehovah their God, for ever and ever," J etc. Roger Williams gives a striking view of liberty of conscience in his letter to the town of Providence in 1654. " It hath fallen out," says he, " sometimes that both Papists and Protestants, Jews and Turks, may be embarked in one ship, upon which sup- posal I affirm that all the liberty of conscience that I ever pleaded for turns upon these two hinges: that none of the Papists, _ Protestants, Jews or Turks, be forced to come to the ship's prayers or worship, nor compelled from their own particular prayers, if they practise any."§ In the charter of 1663, inspired by their convictions and their Bap- tist agent in London, it is written, ^'' No person within the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall be anywise molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question for any difl'eronco of opinion in matters of religion." II Even the Quakers, as may be seen in " Laws agreed upon in England by the Governor of Pennsylvania (William Penn) and Divers Free- men thereof," restrict their legal toleration to "all persons who confess and acknowledge the one ' * Coloniiil Records of Elioiie Island, i. 28. •f- History of Uhode Island, i. 200. J Idem, 201. J Idem, 255. || Idem, 292." almighty and eternal God to be the creator, up- holder, and ruler of the world."** The Baptists of Rhode Island had no laws upon religion, the greatest infidel of the human race carried no legal stigma in that colony for his opinion^ from its first set- tlement by our Baptist fathers; it had the only government in the world where religion was en- tirely free. Maryland's mean toleration was not freedom of conscience, except for certain classes, and poor as it was, Rhode Island gave full liberty thirteen years sooner. In 1789, Washington, at the request of the Virginia Baptists, recommended to Congress that amendment to our national Con- stitution which says, " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or pro- hibiting the free exercise thereof" It was tiirough their influence that grand article was added to our great instrument of government. ff llhe religious liberties of our country were first established in Rhode .Island by our Baptist fathers, and only through Baptist channels have the nations of the earth learned soul freedom. Liberty of Conscience among the English. Baptists before the Publication of "The Bloudy Tenent" of Roger WiUiams. — In 1589, as Crosby states, Dr. Some^ a man of great reputa- tion in England, wrote a work against certain prominent Puritans, whom he compares in some things to the Anabaptists. In his book he repre- sents the Anabaptists as holding, among their doc- trines, that ministers of the gospel ought to be maintained by the voluntary contributions of the people, and that the civil power has no right to make and impose ecclesiastical laws. This is the great Baptist doctrine of soul liberty, the proclama- tion of which about fifty years later has given un- dying fame to the illustrious founder of Rliode Island. These men in demanding that religion should be completely delivered from state patron- age and persecution were the successors of a line of Baptists who claimed the same privileges in every Christian age up to the Teacher of Galilee. Leonard Buslier, a citizen of London and a Baptist, presented to Jaincs I. and to Parliament his "Re- ligious Peace, or a Plea for Liberty of Conscience," and published it in pamphlet form in 1614. Tlie work of Mr. Busher is both able and eloquent, and, considering his times, one of the most remark- able productions ever printed. He says, — "Kings and magistrates are to rule temporal affairs by the swords of their temporal kingdoms, and bishops and ministers are to rule spiritual affairs by the Word and Spirit of God, the sword of Christ's spiritual kingdom, and not to intermeddle ** Minutes of Provinciiil Council of Pennsylvania, p. 41. Pub- lished Iiy tlie Sdito. Pliiladel|ili!a, 1SV2. tt Oatlicnrt's Baptists aud the .\merican Revolution, pp. 97-111. Philadelphia, 1S76. ■ LIBERTY 699 LIBERTY one with another's authority, office, and function." A<;ain, " All those Ijisliojis that force princes and people to receive tiieir faith and discipline by per- secution do, with Judas, go af^ainst Ciirist in his members, with swords, staves, and halberds, who, seeing God's Word will not help them, betake themselves with all haste and iiazard unto the au- thority of the king and magistrate." Again, " It is not only unmerciful, l)ut unnatural and abomi- nable, yea, monstrous, for one Christian to vex and destroy another for difference and questions of re- ligion." Again, " Neither suffer the bishops with persecution to defend their faith and church against their adversaries. If they have not anything from God's Word against us, let them yield and submit themselves. If they think they have anything against us, let them betake themselves only to God's Word, both in word and writing." Again, *' By persecution arc the Jews, Turks, and Pagans occasioned and encouraged to persecute likewise all such as preach and teach Christ in their dominions; for if Christian kings and magistrates will not suf- fer Christians to preach, and preach the gospel of Christ freely and peaceably in their dominions, how could you expect it of the infidels? . . . And the king and Parliament may please to permit (liberty to) ALL SORTS OF Christians; YEA, (to) Jews, Turks, AND Pagans, so long as they are peaceable and no malefactors, as is above mentioned." This is the true liberty for which our denomination has al- •ways contended, — liberty of conscience for all nmn- kind. Bushersays, "Persecution for difference in religion is a monstrous and cruel beast, that dc- stroyeth both prince and people, hindereth the gos- pel of Christ, and scattereth his disciples that wit- ness and profess his name. But permission (liberty) of conscience in difference of religion saveth Jjoth prince and people : for it is a meek and gentle lamb, which not only furthereth and advanceth the gospel, but also fostereth and cherishcth those that profess it."* Leonard Busher delivered a noble testimony for liberty and truth. His work was speedily followed by another treatise on the same subject, entitled " Persecution for Religion Judged and Condemned." It was pub- lished in 1615 "by Christ's unwctfthy witnesses, his majesty's faithful sulyects, commonly, l)ut falsely, called Anabaptists." No writer in the nineteenth century, in Europe or America, has a clearer conception of religious liberty than the author of this book. He says, " The power and authority of the king are earthly, and God. hath commanded me to submit to all ordinances of man, and therefore I have faith to submit to what or- dinance of man soever the king commands ; if it be a human ordinance, and not against the manifest • " RetipioHs Peace," in Tracts on Liberty of Conscience, Uanserd Knollys Society, pp. 23, 24, 25, 33, 41. London, 1816. Word of God, let him recpiire what he will, I must of conscience obey him with my body, goods, and all that I have. But my soul, wherewith I am to worship God, belongeth to another King, whos(! kingdom is not of this world, whose people must come willingly, whose weapons are not carnal but spiritual." Again, "The whole New Testament throughout, in all the doctrines and practices of Christ and his disciples, teaches no such thing as compelling men by persecutions to obey the gospel, but the direct contrary." Again, " I unfeignedly acknowledge that God hath given to magistrates a sword to cut off wicked men, and to reward well- doers. But this ministry is a worldly ministry, their sword is a worldly sword, their punishments can extend no further than the outward man ; they can but kill the body. And therefore this ministry and sword are appointed only to punish the breach of worldly ordinances, which is all that God hath given to any mortal man to punish." Again. " Christ's kingdom is spiritual, his laws are spir- itual, the transgressions are sjjiritual, the punish- ment is spiritual, everlasting death of soul, his sword is spiritual ; no carnal or worldly weapon is given to the supportation of his kingdom. The Lawgiver himself hath commanded that the trans- gressors of these laws should lie let alone until the harvest, because he knows that they that are now tares may hereafter come to repentance and become wheat." Again, " Magistracy is a power of this world ; the kingdom, power, subjects, and means of pu])lishing the gospel are not of this world." Again, " But if I defend the authority of Christ Jesus over men's souls, whicdi appertainetli to no mortal man, then know you that whosoever would rob him of that honor, which is not of this world, he will tread them underfoot. Earthly authority belongeth to earthly kings, but spiritual authority belongeth to that one spiritual King, who is King of kings. ... I have showed you by the law of Christ that your course is most wicked, to compel- any by jjersecution to perform any service to God, as you pretend."! The Anabaptists presented James I. a petition in 1620 pleading for liberty of conscience and de- liverance from persecution. The soul freedom, so dear to Baptists in all ages, is conspicuous in this " Supplication." The writer of thisdocument says, " The vileness of persecuting the body of any man, only for cause of conscience, is against the Word of God and law of Christ." Again, "Oh, be pleased to consider, why you should persecute us for hum- bly beseeching you, in the words of the King of kings, to give unto God the things which are God's, which is to be Lord and Lawgiver to the soul in that spiritual worship and service which he re- t Persecution for Rclij:ion Judged and Condemned. Idem, pp. 107, 108, 12(1, 121, 122, l.^S, 135. LIBERTY 700 LIBERTY quireth. If you will take away this from God, what is it that is God's? Far be it from you to de- sire to sit in the consciences of men, to be lawgiver and judge therein. This is antichrist's practice, persuading the kings of the earth to give him their power to compel all hereunto. You may make and mend your own laws, and be judge and pun- isher of the transgressors thereof, but you cannot make or mend God's laws, they are perfect already. You may not add nor diminish, nor be judge nor monarch of his church ; that is Christ's right. He left neither you nor any mortal man his deputy, but only the Holy Ghost, as your highness acknowl- edgeth ; and whosoever erreth from the truth, his judgment is set down and the time thereof."* The author of the "Humble Supplication," according to the famous Roger Williams,! was committed " a close prisoner to Newgate, London, for the witness of some truths of Jesus, and having not the use of pen and ink, wrote these arguments in milk, in sheets of paper brought to him by the woman, his keeper, fi-om a friend in London as the stopples of his milk-bottle. In such paper written with milk nothing will appear ; but the way of reading it by fire being known to this friend who received the papers, he transcribed and kept together the papers, although the author could not correct nor view what himself had written." From the " Humble Supplication" were taken the arguments, which, being replied to by Mr. Cotton, gave rise to the work of Mr. Williams, and which he has so sig- nificantly called "The Bloudy Tenant of Persecu- tion Discussed." This theory, so nobly advocated by English Baptists, so ably defended by the illus- trious founder of Rhode Island in his celebrated work, was carried out in practice by the Baptists in England. In 1655, John Biddle, a Socinian, was arrested on the charge of heresy in London ; his danger was very great; with his opinions Baptists had no sympathy; but for his liberty of conscience they cherished a profound regard, and many Bap- tist congregations petitioned Cromwell for his re- lease. They made common cause with the man ■whose life was endangered by an attack upon his rights of conscience. How the theory of Roger AVilliams has been carried out first in Rhode Island, and now in every State in the Union, all the world knows. In 1644, when " The Bloudy Tonent" was pub- lished in London, the Baptists were the only advo- cates of full liberty of conscience on earth, that year Mr. John Goodwin, a Congrcgationalist, came to their help. The Congrcgationalists as a body, in England and America, were willing to grant liberty only to those "sound in fundamentals." " Ah Humble Supplication to the Kiug'a Majesty. Idem, pp. 192, 230. t Bloudy Tenent, page 3G, Ticf. 30, 3"). Loiulon, 1S48. Daniel Neal, an Independent (Congregationalist), says, " The Independents pleaded for a toleration so far as to include themselves and the sober Ana- baptists, but did not put the controversy on a gen- eral foot (ing). They were for folerating all that agreed in the fundamentals of Christianity; but when they came to enumerate fundamentals they were sadly entangled, as all those must be who do not keep the religious and civil rights of mankind on a separate basis." Neal writes of his brethren in 1645, and from the last sentence we quote, he would have given them a better character as friends of true liberty if the facts would have permitted him. The Parliament of Scotland appealed to the legislature of England, and declared their convic- tion " that the piety and wisdom of the honorable houses (of Parliament) will never admit toleration of any sects or schisms contrary to pur Solemn League and Covenant.'" This covenant was taken in England in the end of 1643 and in the beginning of 1644. Neal says that "at the same time they appealed to the people, and published a declaration against toleration of sectaries and liberty of con- science, in which, after having taken notice of their great services, they observe that there is a party in England who are endeavoring to supplant the true religion by pleading for liberty of con- science, which, say they, is the nourisher of all heresies and schisms. They then declare against all such notions as are inconsistent with the truth of religion, and opening a door to licentiousness, which, to the utmost of their power, they will en- deavor to oppose ; and as they have all entered into one covenant, so to the last man in the kingdom theyAvill go on in the preservation of it. And how- ever the Parliament of England may determine in point of toleration and liberty of conscience, they are resolved not to make the least start, but to live and die for the glory of God in the entire preserva- tion of the truth ;"J that is, in suppressing liberty of conscience. This was the spirit of Presbyterian Scotland in 1645. Richard Baxter, the most influential Presbyterian minister in England, as quoted by Crosby, writes, " My judgment in that much debated point of liberty of religion I have always freely made known : I abhor unlimited liberty, or toleration of all."' The Westminster Assembly of Divines, which framed the creed of all British Presbyte- rians, Dec. 15, 1645, in response to an application of the Congregationalists for a very moderate toler- ation for themselves, declared that " this opened a perpetual gap for all sects to challenge such a liberty as their due ; that this liberty was denied by the churches of New England, and that they have as just ground to deny it as they ; that this X NcaVs History of tlio Puritans, iii. 244, 240. Dublin, 17.55. See also Collier's Ecclesiastical History, viii. 300, 3uK London, 1841. LICENSE 701 LILBURN desired forboaranoc is u perpetual division in tii<^ church, and a perpetual drawin by Elders P. P. Smith and Clapton. He came to Missouri in 1841, and settled near Carrollton. For thirty years he labored in that part of the State ; was pastor at Lexington, Dover, Liberty, Richmond, and Carrollton. He gave much time and effort to the establishment of William Jewell College. He was successful as an evangelist, in Clay, Ray, Lafayette, and Saline Counties. lie died in I)ov(m-, April 13, 1877. Lilburn, Maj.-Gen. Robert, was a soldier of great daring. When the Earl of Derby placed himself at the bead of L500 horse and foot in Lan- cashire, Lilburn met him near Wigan, and with SOO men routed his forces, though they fought bravely for about an hour. Lilburn killed many of the enemy, captured between 3U0 and 400 pris- oners, and lost only 11 men. In Scotland his military administration was marked by a spirit of devout piety, antl of great kindness. The Baptist church of Hexham, North- umberland, England, has several allusions to the general in old letters belonging to its records ; and one of its letters written to the general is still pre- served. In this epistle the church writes : " Honored Sir, — It hath been matter of great joy and consolation to our spirits, ever since we heard of the glorious appearances of the divine nature in you, which manifests itself through your love, which you have towards all saints, and par- ticularly towards us. We desire to admire the good hand of our God in it, that we, who are less than the least of saints, should have favor given us in your eyes, whom God has so highly honored to set in a place of so great eminency."* They then proceed to thank him for his great kindness to three of their brethren, — Edward Ilickhorngill, Charles Bond, and Thomas Stackhouse, — and for his great love to their entire church. Ten of the brethren sign the letter on behalf of the church. It is dated the 22d day of the Fourth month, 10.53. Gen. Lil- burn had Baptist chaplains, and maintained loving relations with the churches of that denomination wherever he was stationed. In 1647 he was gov- ernor of Newcastle ; next year he was one of the judges that tried Charles I. and condemned him to death; and the name of Robert Lilburn is ap- pended to the warrant for his execution. Cromwell for a time imprisoned him because of his inflexible republicanism, as he served Harrison and others. But this only showed the immense in- fluence wielded by Gen. Lilburn ; for it was not to punish him that Cromwell subjected him to arrest, but to protect himself from the attacks of a power- ful military leader, who was opposed to all govern- * Feostauton Records, etc., 328. Loodon, 1864. LILLARD 702 LINCOLN nienta administered* by " one man." Cromwell knew his great worth, and it was he who made him a major-general. Lilburnf was very active in securing the recall of the remnant of the Long Parliament, when the sys- tem of government instituted by Oliver perished in thehandsof Richard Cromwell. Largely through his great influence in the army was this course pursued. He felt that no military chieftain should exercise do- minion in his country, nor any committee of gen- erals ; and that government was the creation of the people themselves ; and as the Long Parliament was the only fragment of legal government in Eng- land capable of being invested with life, he lent effectual aid in giving it the sceptre of power once more. When Charles IL was placed upon the throne Lilburn was tried as a regicide ; he offered no de- fense, and of course was condemned ; he w,as ex- iled to the Isle of St. Nicholas, off Plymouth, where he. died in 1665. Why he was hot executed we cannot conceive ; it was not because of any mercy possessed by Charles II., nor on account of any bribe given to the frail but all-powerful companions of the king's dearest pleasures. Probably, legal murder, accompanied by the horrible custom in treason cases of " drawing and quartering," had begun to arouse the indignation of the nation against the Stuarts; and Lilburn's life was spared because its sacrifice might cost too much. We love the memory of Maj.-Gen. Robert Lilburn, the " fanatic Anabaptist," as Guizot, in his Memoirs of Monk, is pleased to call him. Lillard, E.ev. Jas. M., was born in Mercer Co., Ky., Sept. 27, 1806, and has been a Baptist min- ister for forty-seven years. He removed from Ken- tucky to Lewis Co., Mo., in 1832, being the first Baptist preacher north of Palmyra, Mo. He trav- eled far .and near, traversing large prairies in the severest weather, preaching the gospel and receiving little or no compensation. He was truly a mis- sionary, lie often went down the Mississippi River, and occasionally returned to Kentucky, where he held, and assisted his father in conduct- ing, a number of great revival meetings, in which hundreds professed faith in Clirist. He has ex- erted a wonderful influence for gdod throughout all Northeast Missouri, and though now old and much afflicted, often preaching while sitting, he travels almost continually, laboring for Christ. lie has organized a'great many Baptist churches ; assisted in ordaining at least twenty-five Baptist ministers, and has baptized more tiian 3000 persons. Lillard, Rev. Robert Rodes, A.M., a man of remarkable gifts and attainments, was born in Anderson Co., Ky., Jan. 10, 1820. After a pre- * llumc, Smollett, ami Fnrr, i. 730. London. t Kapin's History of Eiigliinii, ii. 005. London, Vi'i"^. paratory course he entered Georgetown College as a Sophomore in 1842, and graduated in 1845. Having professed religion and united with the Baptist church at Lawrenceburg, in his native county, in 1841, he was licensed to preach the fol- lowing year, and was ordained to the ministry in 1846. He now placed himself under the instruction of the distinguished Dr.'J. L. AValler, and the fol- lowing year became associated with his preceptor in the editorship of the Wesio'n Baptist Review, at that time the .ablest periodical in the West. His career was a most brilliant one, and within a few months he was placed among the ablest periodical writers of his time, but shortly after, death closed his too brief career, on June 7, 1849. Lincoln, Ensign, was born in Ilingham, Mass., Jan. 8, 1779. He enjoyed good educational oppor- tunities in his youthful days, and the inestimable blessing of an early religious training. When he reached the age of fourteen he w.as placed as an apprentice at the business of printing. Having become a Christian he was baptized by Rev. Dr. Baldwin in 1799, of whose church he was a mem- ber until he transferred his relation to the Third Baptist church, for so many years under the pa.s- toral charge of Rev. Dr. Sharp. As he had evi- dently gifts which fitted him to preach tbe gospel, he was induced to exercise tbem. The churches at Lynn, East Cambridge, Cambridgeport, Roxbury, South Boston, and Federal Street, Boston, owe to him a great debt of gratitude for what he did among them in the days of their early weakness. While engaged in promoting the Redeemer's kingdom by the use of the talents which God had given him as a preacher of righteousne.«s,he was also in another way accomplishing avast amount of good. As the leading partner in the publishing house of Lincoln & Edmunds, he was instrumental in sending out from the press a healthful religious literature, which proved a blessing of great value to multi- tudes of people. lie spent a life of purity and blamelessness among his fellow-men, until God took him home to receive the reward of a faithful serv.ant. His death occurred Dec. 2, 1832. Dr. W.ayland s.D. University in the class of 1840. Among his class- mates were Prof. J. B. Boise, LL.D., Kev. Dr. AV. T. Brantly, President E. Dodge, LL.D., Uev. Dr. J. U. Kendrick, and President H. G. Weston, D.D. He graduated at the Newton Institution in the class of 1845, and was ordained immediately after his graduation, in Boston, September, 1845. He was pastor of the church in New Britain, Pa., for five years, when he removed to Philadelphia to take charge of the Franklin S(iuare church. After three years of service he was called to Jamaica Plain, Mass., where he continued six years. He accepted a call to the Central Ba])tist church in Providence, of which he was pastor for eight j-ears, the connec- tion being terminated by his appointment to the ])ro- fessorship of Ecclesiastical History in the Newton Theological Institution, the duties of which he performed for five years, when he was transferred to the chair of Ilomileties and Pastoral Duties, •which position he now holds. Dr. Lincoln has had much experience in writing for the press during all his professional life. For five years he was edi- torially connected with the Christian Chronicle, LINCOLN 704 LINDSA Y and for thirteen years with the Watchman and lic- Jieclor. Rochester University conferred upon Dr. Lincohi the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1865. Lincoln, Prof. John, LL.D., ^on of Ensign Lincoln, was Ijorn in Boston, Mass.,. Feb. 23, 1817, and was graduated at Brown University in the class of 1836. Immediately after which he was chosen a tutor in Columbian College, Washington, D. C, where he remained during the academic year 1836-37. In the fall of 1837 he entered tlie New- ton Theological Seminary, where he remained until the fall of 1839, when, having been elected a tutor in Brown University, he removed to Providence. He held this office two years, at the end of which he went abroad, in company with Prof. H. B. Hackett, in order to pursue his studies at the Ger- man universities. He spent the academic year 1841-42 in Ilalle, studying theology with Tholuck and Julius Mliller, and philology with Gesgnius, in Hebrew, and with Barnhardy in the classics. The vacation of July and August was spent in an ex- cursion through Switzerland and Northern Italy, with Tiioluck as a companion. The second acad- emic year, 1842-43, was spent in Berlin, under Neander, in church history. Old Testament history with Hengstenberg, and the. classics with Boeetch. The fall of 1843 he spent in Geneva, where he de- voted himself to the study 'of French, and then went to Rome, where he remained until May, 1844. In the fall of 1844 he entered upon his duties as Assistant Professor of the Latin Language and Literature in Brown University, and was appointed full professor in 1845. In 1857 he went abroad a second time, and was absent six months, a part of which was passed in Athens. Again in the sum- mer of 1878 he took a third trip to the Old World. Prof. Lincoln has prepared editions of Livy and Horace, which have been well received. lie has also contributed able articles for reviews, maga- zines, and the religious papei's. Lincoln, Mrs. Nancy Hanks, the mother of Abraham Lincoln, was born in Virginia, and when quite young removed to Kentucky with some mem- bers of her family. In 1806 she married Thomas Lincoln, of Ilodgenville, Hardin Co., Ky. In 1843 La Rue County M'as created, which in- cluded the home of Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. This county was named after John La Rue, and Ilodgenville after Thomas Ilodgen. A biographer of Abraham Lincoln says, " Both these pioneers were men of sterling integrity and high moral worth ; they were consistent and zealous members of the Baptist church, and one of their associates, Benjamin Lynn, was a minister of the same per- suasion. Such were the influences under which, more than twenty years before Tiiomas Lincoln settled there, this little colony had been founded, itnd which went far to give the community its per- manent character.'" In this Baptist settlement Abraham Lincoln, afterwards President of the United States, was born, Feb. 12, 1809. Nancy Hanks Lincoln was a woman of rare qualities of mind and heart, and though she died in 1818, when her son was only nine j'ears old, she left impressions upon him which could never be effaced, and which directed his whole future move- ments. " All that I am on earth," said President Lincoln to Rev. Dr. A. D. Gillette, then of Wash- ington City, " I owe to my Baptist mother. I am glad to see you, doctor ; you remind me of my Bap- tist mother." Mrs. Lincoln lived and died unknown beyond a very limited circle, but her light has been carried over this land and over all the world by the fame of Abraham Lincoln, her distinguislied son. Lindsay, Edmond J., a well-known Christian business man of Milwaukee, was born in Dundee. Scotland, in 1838. His father, in 1841, emigrated with his family to New York, and in 1843 came to Dodge- Co., Wis., where he engaged in farming. He was a prominent member and officer in a Scotch Baptist church in Dundee, a man of decided Chris- tian influence. When he came to Wisconsin and found himself in a newly-settled country, where the institutions of religion were not yet established, he had a church in his home, teaching his children the way of God, expounding the Scriptures, and holding regular worship until churches were estab- lished. It was in this Christian atmosphere young Lind- say's childhood and youth were passed. He ob- tained his education in the log school-house of the newly-settled neighborhood; and an occasional term of study in the classical schools at AVaupun and Fox Lake. But Mr. Lindsay has been a student all his life, hft,ving a fine library and other f\xcilities for the acquisition of knowledge. When eleven years of age his father died, -and the care of the farm devolved upon him. INIr. Lindsay is the senior member of the firm of E. J. and W. Lindsa}'. The business was estab- lished by Mr. Lindsay in 1869, and is now one of the most extensive establishments of its class west of the Lakes, having relations with every State and Territory i^n the Northwest. As its manager Mr. Lindsay displays qualifications of a high order. But it is chiefly as a Christian that he has become widely known. He made a profession of religion when fourteen years of age, and united a few years later with the Baptist church at Fox Lake. He is one of the best-known members of the First Bap- tist church in IMilwaukcc. a member of its board of trustees, has been its Sabbath-school superin- tendent, and in all the work of the church a chief actor. In the city, outside of his church, he is a leader in all benevolent enterprises. In the de- LINDSA Y 705 LINNARD nominational work of the State he takes a promi- nent part, lie is a member of the board of the Wisconsin Baptist State Convention, and of its Ex- ecutive Committee, and he is its efficient treasurer. Lindsay, Rev. W. C, was bom in Virj^inia in 1840. He spent four years at a literary and two at a medical college, and afterwards three in the study and practice of law. At the close of the war he resumed the study of medicine, but having "tasted and seen that the Lord is good," "imme- diately lie conferred not with flesh and blood," Init camo to the Southern Baptist Tli(H)logical Seminary, and spent four years and graduated His first pastorate was at Wilson, N. C, where he had the society and warm friendship of the cele- brated Dr. Hooper. In five months his health fixiled, pneumonia contracted in camp having left his lungs in a diseased condition. Having rested a few months, he took charge of the church at Barn- well Court-llouse, when, as an evidence of their ap- preciation, they almost doubled the compensation they were accustomed to give. The young men who avoided the church not only went, but con- tributed liberally to his salary. Five years in the pine belt, as frequently happens, restored his health. He next spent a year, 1870, as agent for the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and Furman University, and then settled in (-olnmbia, S. C, where he is now pastor. Wf" probably has not an enemy in the world. Lindsey, Rev. £. H., a prominent minister of Dallas County, Ark., was born in Alabama in 1831. He embraced Christ and united with the Methodist Church in 1848, and was a preacher in that denomination for seven years. A careful ex- amination of the sul)jeet of baptism led to a(diange of views, and he united with the Baptists in lSr)9. and in the following year was ordained to the min- istry, lie came to Arkansas and settled in Dallas County, where he has remained ever since, having served the following churches in Dallas and the ad- joining counties : Cold Water, ten years ; Hamp- ton, nine years; Millvillc, seven years; lioUj' Springs, three years; Edinburg, two years ; Chain- bersville nearly twenty years. During the time he has baptized about 400. Lineberry, Rev. William, a useful minister in the Sandy Creek Association, N. C. He bad been a minister of the Protestant Methodist Church, but became a Baptist, and was bajjtized by llov. Enoch Crutchtield in 1843. He was agent for the State Convention in 1845 and 1846. He died in 1875. Link, Rev. J. B., was bom in Rockbridge Co., Va., .May 7, ISliS; converted in October, 1840; baptized at the Natural Bridge, Va., in October, 1841 : ordained at Mount Pleasant, Jessamine Co., Ky.. in 1852, Drs. D. R. C.impbell and Wm. M. Pratt acting as the Presbytery ; prosecuted the four years' course of study at Georgetown College, Ky., graduating in 1853 ; studied theology at, and graduated from, Rochester Theological Seminary, after a two years' course, in 1855 ; pastor of the churches at Paris, Ky., and Liberty, Mo. ; acted as agent for William Jewell College for nearly two years, and raised Sl^O,000 for that institution ; en- tered the Confederate army, spent most of the time as a chaplain ; went to Texas as agent of the Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, especially for army missions. At the close of the year was occupied in efforts to establish the Texas Bujdist Herald. Since 18()6 has published and edited that journal with indefatigable energy, placing it upon a solid foundation. He is a man of indomitable will and courage, clear-headed, REV. .r. n. LINK. patient, wise, and logical. He has been a vice- president of the Southern Baptist Convention, and is now laboring for the " Texas Educational Com- mission," in connection with his editorial manage- ment of the Texas Baplisl Herald. Linnard, James M., was born ii\ September, 1784 ; was baptized about the year 1830, by Rev. Gideon B. Perry, into the fellowship of the Spruce Street church, Philadelphia, Pa. He continued in membership with this church until his death, which occurred Oct. 16, 1863. Few men have left behind them the record of a Christian life more abundant in the blessed results of intense consecration and large-hearted benevolence. Nor do these results pertain to his own life aloYie ; for it appears to be well and widely known that his example and inllu- LINSLEY 706 LITERATURE ence were ajicncies divinely employed to inspire similar consecration and benevolence among others possessed of greater wealth, whose princely bene- factions still continue to aid the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom. He was for many years, and up to the time of his death, the president of the 'Pennsylvania Baptist General Association. The growth and usefulness of this organization were largely due to his love for Christ and zeal for his cause. lie had a clear, sound mind, and was .a warm friend and wise counselor in every depart- ment of benevolent and religious effort. He was one of three laymen who have been moderators of the Philadelphia Baptist Association. Linsley, Rev. James Harvey, son of James and Sarah (Maltby) Linsley, was born in North Bran ford. Conn., May 5, 1787 ; in 1809 went South ; converted in 1810; taught school in Cheshire, Conn.; baptized in 1811 in North Haven", studied in Wallingford Academy ; graduated from Yale College in 1817; taught in an academy at New Haven, also at New Canaan, also in a select school at Stratford; began to preach in 1828; ordained, in 1831, as an evangelist, at Meriden ; preached in Mllford and Stratfield ; in 1'835 was delegate to Triennial Convention in Richmond, Va. ; health failed in 1836 ; went to Florida ; was a member of Yale Natui'al Historical Society, of Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, of Hartford Nat- ural Historical Society, of Boston Society of Nat- ural History ; published valuable scientific papers. He died Dec. 29, 1843, leaving a precious record as a scholar and as a Christian. ' Lisk, Rev. James, was born. near Coshocton, O., Oct. 16, 1839; was baptized April 27, 1855, by Rev. A. "W. Odor; graduated from Denison Uni- versity in 1862, and from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1865 ; was ordained in June, 1865, and settled with the Second church, Cincinnati, 0. ; removed to Rockford, 111., in 1867, and remained for two years ; accepted a call to hi,s present field of labor, the Second church, Germantown, Phila- delphia, and entered upon his duties June 1, 1870. lie is an able and impressive preacher and a faith- ful pastor, diligent in personal efforts for the sal- vation of souls, and strong in defense of " the fiiith once delivered to the saints." He is actively iden- tified witli the educational and missionary work of the denomination, and is conscientious in the per- formance of duties assigned to him in the manage- ment of important trusts. In 1879 he was made moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association. His people, after worsliiping for years in a neat chapel, are now building a handsome church edifice. Literature, Baptist. — The list of authors ii\ this article contains the names of only a portion of the great body of Baptist writers ; and often but one book is mentioned where several came from the same hand; or three, as in the case of Benjamin Keach, where forty-three were the fruits of his active mind. THE SACRED TEXT AND WORKS UPON IT. Our Lord was immersed in the river Jordan when lie reached adult years, and founded the Baptist de- nomination. The writers of the New Testament, like the Saviour, were Baptists, whose '"one (mate- rial) baptism" is believer's immersion. In trans-* lating the New Testament into the language of a heathen people, Baptists have always insisted upon iranslating Ba/rriCu, instead of transferring it. The first versions of the Scriptures followed this plan. The Peshito, a Syriac version, made early in the second century for the Jews in Palestine, renders 7 the act of baptizing by the verily xOV . to immerse. About the same time a Latin translation was pre- pared for the people who used that tongue. Prob- ably from this first version TertuUian quotes the Saviour's commission, "Go, teach the nations, im- mersing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." — Matt, xxviii. 19. (Ite, docete nationes, tinguentes eas in nomen Patris, etc. De Baptismo, cap. 13.) In the next chapter TertuUian quotes Paul's statement, that he was "not sent to baptizcT, but to preach," and he uses the words ad tinguendum, to immerse, to de- scribe the baptismal act. The men who made these earliest translations, like the inspired writers of the New Testament, were Baptists. Jerome, in his Vul- gate, uses haptizQ, instead of iinguo or immergo, not because immersion was abandoned, but on account of a mass of ceremonies that in his day burdened the baptismal rite, authority for which could readily be claimed under a foreign word, the meaning of which was only known to scholars. What was true of the Syriac and Latin versions is true of other primitive translations of the New Testament ; and from these and other considerations we claim the versions of the first three centuries as sub- stantially Baptist productions. Like modern Bap- tists, the early Christians multiplied versions of the Scriptures, and distributed the Word as widely as possible. Augustine says, '" Those who have trans- lated the^Bible into Greek can be numbered, but not so the Latin versions, for in the first ages of the churcii whoever got hold of a Greek codex ven- tured to translate it into Latin, however slight his knowledge of either language." In 1229, at a Catholic council held in Thoulouse. in France, a canon was passed prohibiting ''laics from having the books of the Old or New Testa- ment, unless it be a Psalter, or a Breviary, and the Rosary, and it does not permit them so much as to translate them into the vulgar tongue.'" Du Pin after recording the above adds, " This restraint was doubt- IJTKIIATURE 707 IJTFJlATritE loss founded on that IVequont abuse which was made of them in that country." (Eeclcs. Hist., ii. 456. Dublin, 1724.) This canon was enacted to rob our Baptist Albigonsian fathers of th(! Scriptures, parts of which they iiad for a time in French, and suljse- (piently the wiiole of them. Their version was a Baptist work. In 152G, J)cnk and llaetzer, two Anabaptists, commenced the translation of the He- brew Bible in Strasburg, and succeeded well with the prophets, which were published early in the followinu; year, nearly five years before Luther's Bible. The Rev. Henry Jessey had a translation of the Scriptures prepared in 1G()(), when the per- secutions that followed the accession of Charles II. to the throne of England rendered its publication iuipossil)le, and resulted in its destruction. Dr. William Carey translated the Scriptures into Sanscrit, Hindu, Brijbl)hassa, Mahratta, Bengali, Oriya, Telinga, Karnata, Maldivian, (jurajattco Bulooshe, Pushtoo, Punjabi, Kashmcer, Assam, Burman, Pali, or Magudlia, Tamul, Cingalese, Ar- menian, Malay, Hindostani, and Persian. Before tiie death of Dr. Carey the mission press at S(!rain- pore had sent forth the Scriptures in forty different languages and dialects, the tongues of 330,000,000 of human beings. Dr. Judson translated the Scriptures into Bur- mese, Dr. Marshtnan into Chinese, Dr. Mason into Sgau Karen, Dr. Nathan Brown into Japanese. Dr. II. F. Buckner translated the gospel of John into the language of the Creek Indians. The New Testament, " with several hundred emendations," was edited by Spencer II. Cone and William II. Wyckoff. The American Bible Union, controlled by Baptists, though not e.xclusively composed of them, revised the entire English New Testament, and a large part of the Old ; and they also re- vised the Spanish and Italian New Testaments, and made a new translation into the Ningpo collo- quial dialect of China. It may be added that the Bible Union did much to create the public opinion that has resulted in the movement in England to make a revision of the Bible of 1011. Tlie Rev. Josepli S. C. F. Frey edited an edition of Van Der Ilooght's Hebrew Bible. Dr. John Gill was the author of a commentary on the Old and New Testaments, in nine quarto volumes. This great work was republished in Philadelphia by a Presbyterian in 1819, and in Ireland many years later by an Episcopal clergy- man. It is the richest treasury of Biblical and Ori- ental learning and of gospel truth which exists in .the form of a commentary. Dr. John Fawcett was the author of a commentary in two folio volumes. The Baptist Publication Society is preparing a com- mentary under such auspices as will secure the fruits of the ripest scholarship and of the most re- cent discoveries in Bili!(> lands. Robert Ilaldaiic was the author of " Notes on the Epistle of the Romans," and a work upon " The Verbal Inspira- tion of the Scriptures." Dr. V. M. |)u Veil, a eon- verted Israelite, led to embrace Baptist sentiments when an Episcopal clergyman, by reading our books in the library of the bishop of London, to which he had access, in lG8r>, published " A Literal E.xplanation of the Acts of the Apostles." James A. Haldane wrote an "E.xposltion of the Epistle to the Galatians." Prof. II. J. Ripley prepared "Notes on the Gospels and Acts," and on tho "Epistle to the Hebrews." Prof. Hackett wrote i» commentary on the '' Acts of the Apostles ;" Spur- g('on has a connnentary upon the Psalms, called "The Treasury of David," in six volumes. Dr. Adiel Sherwood was the author of " Notes on the New Testament." Dr. George W. Clark has pre- pared " Notes on the Gospels." Rev. William Jones was the author of " A Dic- tionary of the Sacred Writings." Dr. Ilackct edited an American issue of Smith's "Dictionary of the Bible," to the English edition of which he con- tributed thirty articles. John Caniie spent " more than thrice seven years" in preparing marginal references for the English Bible. A marginal Bible, printed in 1747, now before the writer, after the dedication to King James, presents Mr. Canne's " Letter to the Reader." Dr. Malcom's " Diction- ary of Names, Objects, and Terms Found in the Holy Scriptures'' has had a circulation of nearly 200.000. Dr. Samuel G. Green's " Handbook to the Grammar of the New Testament, Together with a Complete Vocabulary (Lexicon) and an Exami- nation of the Chief New Testament Synonyms," is a work of great learning and value. RELIGIOUS WORKS. In this list we might include a large number of the books written by primitive Christians, whose authors, like Justin Martyr, speak only of the "washing in water," of "persuaded believers" (Just. Philos. iMart. Apol. I. Pro Christ. Patrol, (iraeca VI. p. 240, Migne), or of trained catechu- mcni. Tertullian in his orthodox days wrote on the mode and subjects of baptism like a very zeal- ous Baptist, and a part of his works might be legiti- mately reckoned to the credit of Baptists. The Confession of St. Patrick, and his Letter to Caroti- cus, are Baptist productions; he immersed throngs of believers in wells in various parts of Ireland. The Swiss Anabaptist Confession of 1527. as far as it goes, is almost entirely in harmony with modern Baptist opinions. The religious literature of this period, of tho sober Anabaptists of the Continent of Europe, may be largely claimed by our denomi- nation to-day. The writings of Leonard Buslior and othei-s "On Liberty of Conscience," from 1014 LITERATURE 708 LITERATURE to 1661. published by the Hanserd Knollys Society, nre vigorous Baptist productions. The Confes- .sions, issued by the same society, beginning with 1611 and ending with 1689, belong 'to us. " Tropologia, or a Key to Open Scripture Meta- phors," and " Gospel Mysteries Unveiled, or an Ex- position of all the Parables," are the two most popular works of the celebrated Benjamin Keach. The "Exposition of all the Parables" is more fre- quently offered for sale now in London catalogues of second-hand books, than any of the works of John Howe, Dr. John Owen, or Bishop Jeremy Taylor. John Bunyan's works, in 761 royal oc- tavo double-column pages, of which the " Pilgrim's Progress" occupies but 120, are not as well known as they should be, except "Grace Abounding," *' The Holy War," and " The Pilgrim's Progress." Of the last, we may truly say that it is the most popular book ever written. Until 1847 itiiad been translated into French, Flemish, Dutch, Welsh, Gaelic, Irish, Hebrew, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Danish, German, Armenian, Burmese, Cingalese, Orissa, Hindostani, Bengali, Tamul, Mahratta, Canarese, Gujaratti, Malay, Arabic, Samoan, Ta- hitian, Pehuana, Behuana, Malagasy, New Zea- land, and Latin ; and undoubtedly it has been translated into several languages since that time. The prose writings of John TVIilton wei-e numerous and popular. Some of these were political, like his first and second " Defence ~of the People of England;" but a number of them treated of ecclesi- astical questions, like his "Reformation in Eng- land," his " Prelatical Episcopacy," his " National Establishments of Religion," his " True Religion, Heresy, Schism, and Toleration ;" others were de- voted to "Education," "The History of Britain," and to miscellaneous subjects. . His Treatise "On Christian Doctrine," edited by Chai-les R. Sumner, librarian and historiographer to his majesty, and prebendiary of Canterbury, and published in 1825, is a very remarkable work. _ In it there are some opinions from which we decidedly dissent, but upon many questions, and conspicuously about the mode and subjects of baptism, Milton was a strong Bap- tist. . " Anti-Christ Unmasked," by Henry Denne ; "The Necessity for Separation from the Church of England," by John Canne •, Delaune's "Plea for Nonconformists," according to Daniel De Foe. ■"perfect in itself; never author left behind him a more finished piece ;" in 1739 it had passed through seventeen , editions ; "111 News from New Eng- land, &c.," by John Clarke, a celebrated woi-k in defense of liberty of conscience. " Gill's Body of Divinity'' .nnd his other theologi- cal works are invalual)lo. The works of Andrew Fuller, in 10 12 double-column imperial octavo pages, are necessary to the completeness of any Protestant .theological library. The works of Robert Hall, in six 12mo volumes, breathe the eloquence which made their author the greatest preacher of his day, and the equal of any orator of the Anglo-Saxon race. The following works are favorably known: Buck's " Philosophy of Religion," Pendleton's " Christian Doctrines," " Baptist Doctrines," edited by C. A. Jenkehs ; Dagg's " Moral Science," "Evidences of Christianity," and "Manual of Theology," Stock's "Handbook of Revealed Theology," Carson on " The Knowledge of Jesus, the ]Most Excellent of , the Sciences," and " The Providence of God Un- folded in the Book ■ of Esther.'' The works of Archibald McLean, in six volumes, 12mo ; " Help to Zion's Travelers," by Robert Hall, Sr. ; " Ex- hortations Relating to Prayer and the Lord's Sapper," by Benjamin Wallin ; " First Fruits," and "Primitive Theology," by Henry llolcombe ; Ed- mund Botsford's "Spiritual Voyages ;" " Writings of John Leland," by L. F. Green ; complete works of Abraham Booth ; " Church Order," " The Elec- tion of Grace," " Internal Call to the Ministry," and ''•Sermons," by Isaac Backus ; "Treatise on Various Subjects," and " Vindication of Natural Religion," by John Brine ; Magowan's " Dialogues of Devils," " The Deity and Atonement of Christ," by John Marshman ; the works of John II. Ilinton, in seven volumes 12mo ; the writings of Dr. Francis Wayland, educational, philosophical, and religious ; the " Miscellanies," and " Lectures on Baptist His- tory," of William R. Williams ; Angus's " Hand- book of the Bible," " The Power of the Cross," by Richard Fuller; "Apostolic Church Polity," by William Williams ; " Preaching : its Ideal and Inner Life," by Thomas Armitage : " Preparation and Delivery of Sermons," by John A. Broadus ; "AVhcat from the Fields of Boaz." by A. G. Thomas ; " Christian Experience,'' by D. W. Faunce ; " The Atonement," by Octavius Winslow ; " The Atonement," by J. A. Haldane ; " Soul Prosperity," by C. D. Mallary ; " ]\Iaxcy's Lit- erary Remains," by Romeo Elton ; " Lectures on Biblical Antiquities," by F. A. Cos; "Christ in History," by Robert TurnbuU ; " The Apostolical Constitutions, including the Canons," by Irah Chase ; " Internal Evidences of Christianity," by John Aldis ; " Book of Worship for Private Fami- lies." " Tjie Sanctuary, Its Claims and Power," by W. W. Everts ; " Pulpit Eloquence," b}^ Henry C. Fish; "The Spirit, Policy, and Influence of Baptists," by T. G. Jones ; " Black Diamonds," "Great Wonders in Little Things," and "Ocean Gardens," by Sidney Dyer ; " A Pedobaptist Church no Home for a Baptist,'' by R. T. Middleditch ; •• Baptist History, Faith, and Polity," by D. B. Cheney; " Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge," by J. Newton Brown ; " Campbellism Examined," by J. B. Jeter ; " Morning by Morning," and " Evening by Evening," by C. II. Spurgeon ; " The LITERATURE 709 LITERATURE Church, its Polity and Ordinances, '" hy II. Harvey; "Baptist Short Method," Ity Ivlward Iliscox; "The Papal System froiri its Origin to the Present Time," " A Historical Sketch of Every Doctrine, Claim, and Practice of the Church of Rome," by William Cathcart ; " History of Romanism,"' by John Dowlino; ; " The Pernicious Effects of Infant Baptism," l)y Norman Fox; "The Philosophy of Atheism Examined and Compared with Christi- anity," by B. Godwin ; " Duties of a Pastor to his Church," by Franklin Wilson; Dr. Malcom's " Travels in South-Eastern Asia," " A Year's Tour in the Holy Land." by S. D. Phelps ; " Plea for Bap- tist Principles," by G. W. Anderson; "Text-Book of Campbollism," by 1). B. Ray; "Text-Book of Popery," by J. M. Cramp ; Dr. J. R. Graves is ainonf; the first of living Baptist writers, his last work is "Old Landmarkism, What is it?" "Religious De- nominations in the United States and Great Bri- tain," by Joseph Belcher ; "The Creative Week," and "The Mountain Instruction," by George Dana Boardinan ; " Priscilla," by Joseph Banvard ; " AVestern Empire, or the Drama of Human Prog- ress," by E. L. Magoon ; " Corrective Church Dis- cipline," and " Parliamentary Practice," by Chan- cellor P. H. Mell. Sermons in volumes have been published very extensively by Baptists. In 187fi, Spurgeon had issued twenty-one volumes. Some of his sermons have been translated into German, Danish, Swe- dish, French, Italian, and AVelsh. Maclaren has published sermons which have been very popular. We shall only add the following as authors of volumes of sermons: Dr. Samuel Stennett, Dr. William T. Brantly, Sr., Dr. Samuel Stillman, Rev. Oliver Hart, and Rev. William Parkinson. The follow iucj ave amon;/ a lari;c numher of works on hapthm and the Lord's Supper: " Anti-Pedo- ))aptism," by John Tombcs (Mr. Tombes wrote fourteen distinct works on baptism) ; "A Treatise of Baptism, wherein that of Believers and that of Infants is Examined 1)y the Scriptures," by Henry D'Anvers ; " Anti-Pacdo-Rantism, or Mr. Samuel Finley'a Charitable Plea for the Speechless Exam- ined and Refuted, the Baptism of Believers Main- tained, and the Mode of it by Immersion Vindi- cated," by Abel Morgan, Philadelphia, printed by B. Franklin, in Market Street, 1747; Mr. Einley was subsequently president of New Jersey, now Princeton, College ; " The Baptism of John" and " Letters on Baptism," by Thomas Baldwin ; " Pe- dobaptism Examined," by Abraham Booth; "In- fant Baptism a Part and Pillar of Popery," by John Gill ; " History of Baptism," by Robert Rol)- inson ; " Scripture Guide to Baptism," by Richard Pengilly ; Gale's "Reflections on Wall's History of Infant Baptism;" "Baptism, a Term of Com- munion at the Lord's Supper," by Joseph King- horn ; "Baptism in its Mode and Subjects," by Alexander Carson ; " Infant Baptism an Invention of Men," ))y Irah Cliase ; " Essay on Christian Baptism," by B. W. Noel ; " Baptism and Terms of Communion," by Richard Fuller; " Doctrine of Baptism on the Principles of Biblical Interpreta- tion," by J. J. Woolsey; "Baptism," by P. W. Broaddus; " Handljook on the Mode of Biiptism," and "Handbook on the Subjects of Baptism," by Robert Ingham; " Thcodosia I]rnest," l)y A. C. Dayton; "Grace Truman," by Mrs. S. R. Ford; " Baptism and Baptisteries," by W. Cote ; " The Meaning and Use of Baptizcin Philologically and Historically Investigated," by T. J. Conant; Howell on Communion ; " Immersion Essential to Christian Baptism," by John A. Broadus ; " Cliurch Communion as Practised by the Baptists," by W. W. Gardner ; " Studies on the Baptismal Question," by D. B. Ford ; " Baptism in Harmony in the East and in the West," by J. C. Long; "The Position of Baptism in the Christian System," by Henry H. Tucker; "History of Baptism," by Isaac T. Ilinton ; "The Act of Baptism," by Henry S. Burrage ; " The Baptism of the Ages and of the Nations," by Wm. Cathcart. The folhiunnij histories ivere icrilten by Baptists: Reach's "History of the English Baptists," Cros- by's "History of the English Baptists," Ivimey's " History of the English Baptists," Orchard's " History of the English Baptists," Taylor's "His- tory of the General Baptists," Robinson's "His- torical Researches," Backus's " History of the Baptists," Cram[)'s "Baptist History," Benedict's " History of the Baptists," " Materials for a His- tory of the Baptists in Delaware and in other States," by Morgan Edwards ; Scrapie's " History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Vir- ginia," Cook's "Delaware Baptists," Orciiard's " History of Foreign Baptists," " Historical Vin- dications," by S. S. Cutting; Duncan's "History of the Baptists," " The Early English Biiptists," by Benjamin Evans ; Asplund's " Baptist Regis- ter," Hague's " Historical Discourse," Callender's " Historical Discourse on the Civil and Religious Affairs of Rhode Island and Providence Planta- tions;" the materials gathered by John Comer for a history of American Baptist churches are of great value to all who have engaged in the under- taking, froH) which death removed the talented collector; Curry's "Struggles and Triumphs of Virginia Baptists," Ilayne's "Baptist Denomina- tion, its History and Doctrines," Ford's "Origin of the Baptists," Wm. Jones's " Church History," "Sketch of the Lower Dul)Iin, or Pennepek Church," by H. G. Jones; "History of the First Baptist Church of Newport," by C. E. Barrows ; "Religious Liberty and the Baptists," by C. C. Annals of the English LITERATURE 710 LITERATURE TJihle," Ray's "Baptist Succession," Mrs. T. J. €onant's " History of the Enj;;lish Bible," Curtis's " Progress of Baptist Principles," Cox's '' History of English Baptist Missions," Gani^nel's " History of American Baptist Missions," McCoy's " History ■of Baptist Missions among American Indians," " Baptists and the American Revolution," by AVm. Cathcart ; '"Annals of the Christian Commission," by Lemuel Moss; "History of Missions," by John 0. Choules; "Bunliill Memorials," by J. A. Jones ; Bunhill is the London cemetery for Dis- senters, where the ashes of Bunyan repose; ■" Manning and Brown University," by Reuben A. •Guild; "The Baptist Encyclopasdia," edited by William Cathcart. BIOGRAPHIES. "Life of Colonel Hutchinson, ' written by his "widow Lucy ;' " Ivimey's " Life of John Milton;" "Life of Henry Dunster," first president of Har- vard College, by Jeremiah Chaplin; "Life of William KifEn," by Joseph Ivimey ; "Virginia Baptist Ministers," by J. B. Taylor; Hovey's •" Life and Times of Isaac Backus ;" Lives of Roger Williams, by J. D. Knowles, Romeo Elton, Wil- liam Gammel, and Benjamin Evans ; Wallin's " Life of Dr. John Gill," Wilkin's " Life of Joseph Kinghorn," Gregory's "Life of Robert Hall," Tuller's " Life of Samuel PearCe," " JMemoirs of Mrs. Ann Hasseltine Judson," by J. D. Knowles ; ■" Memoir of Dr. Judson," by Francis Wayland ; ^' Memoir of Dr. Wayland," by F. and H. L. Way- land ; a " Biographical Sketch of Sir Henry Have- lock," by AVilliani Brock; "Life of Mrs. Lydia Malcom," by H. Malconi; "Life of Jesse Mercer," by C. D. Mallary; "Life of Luther Rice," by ■Jivines B. Taylor ; " Life and Times of James B. Taylor," by George B. Taylor; " Life and Writings of Robert Robinson," by George Dyer; "Life of Joseph Stentiett," by D. Turner ; " Memoirs of Mrs. Theodosia Dean." by Pharcellus Church ; " Life of Rev. Duncan Dunbar," by Jeremiah Chaplin ; " Life of AVilliam Knibb," by J. Howard Hinton ; "Life of Rev. Thomas Burchcll," by W. F. Burchell ; " Life of Dr. Eugenio Kincaid," by Alfred Patton ; "Life of Joseph Ivimey," by George Pritchard ; " Life of Dr. Richard Fuller,'"' by J. II. Cuthbert ; " Life of Mrs. Shuck," " Life of Andrew Broaddus," and " Life of Daniel Witt," by J. B. Jeter ; " Life of Joiin Thomas," by C. B. Lewis, the first Baptist who preached the gospel in India; " Tiio Life of John Bates," by Justin A. Smith ; " Memoir of Andrew Fuller," by A. G. Fuller; "Memoir of Dr. William Stoughton," by S. W. Lynd ; "Life and Correspondence of John Foster," by J. E. Ryland ; Lives of Carey, Marshman, and Ward, by J. C. Marshman ; " Life of John P. Crozor," hy J. Wheaton Smith ; " Life of Dr. Joseph II. Keu- nard," by J. Spencer Kennard ; " Life of Spencer II. Cone, D.D.," by Edward and S. W. Cone ; " Au- tobiography of John Gano,'" " Memoir of Dr. Baron Stow," by J. C. Stockbridge ; " Life of Mrs. E. C. Judson," by A. C. Kendrick ; "Memoir of Gov- ernor George ]V. Briggs," by W. C. Richards; " Life of Jolin xM. Peck, D.D.," by Rufus Bab- cock ; "Life of William Colgate." by W. AV. Ev- erts ; " Life of Joseph G. Binney, D.D.," by Mrs. J. G. Binney. GENERAL LITERARY WORKS. Ilanserd Knollys wrote a Hebrew, Latin, and English grammar ; Dr. Carey a Mahratta grammar, a Sanscrit grammar extending over a thousand quarto pages, a Punjabi grammar, a Telinga gram- mar, and a Mahratta dictionary, a Bengali dic- tionary, and a Bhotanta and a Sanscrit dictionary. Dr. Judson made a Burmese dictionary', and Dr. Mason a Pali grammar. Dr. J. Wa(Je was the au- thor of a Karen dictionary, and Dr. H. F. Buckner prepared a grammar of the Language of the Creek Indians. The " Essays" of John Foster are among the finest productions in the literature of our tongue. Sir James Mackintosh justly describes their author as " one of the most profound and eloquent writers that England has produced." Dr. Gill's " Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Let- ters, Vowel Points, and Accents" has been pro- perly represented " as a masterly efibrt of profound research, which would have shown Dr. Gill to be a prodigy of learning, of reading, and of literature had he never published a syllable on any other subject." " Orators and Oratory" is one of several able works from the pen of William Matthews, LL.D. John M. Gregory,LL.D., wrote " A Hand- book of History." Dr. Jlason wrote "Burmah, its People and Natural Productions, or Notes on the Natives, Fauna, Flora, and Jlinerals, &c. :" F. S. Dobbins, " False Gods;" James De Mille, " The Dodge Club ;" John Ash, LL.D.. " A Gram- mar and Dictionary of tiie English Language;" Rev. F. Dehison, the " History of the First Rhode Island Cavalry," and the " History of the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery;" Col. C. II. Banes, the " History of the Philadelphia Brigade ;" Dr. James T. Champlin, a " Text-Book of Intellectual Philosophy." Prof. Cleveland Abbe for ten years lias been meteorologist of the bureau of the army signal office, in which he compiles the published weather probabilities, the storm signals, monthly reviews, and international bulletin. lie has made numerous contributions to the American Journal of Science, Monthly Koiices, Royal Astronomical Society, the Smithsonian Annual Reports, and to Appleton's and Johnson's Encyclopoedias. Rev. John Howard Hinton wrote a " History of the United States ;'' Lieut.-Gov. Arnold, a " History LITEUATURE •11 LITERATURE of Rhode Island ;" Dr. Joseph Angus, " The Hand- book of the Knglish Tongue," " The Handbook of English Literature," and " SpecinK^ns of English Literature;" Dr. Hackett translated Winer's dialdc^e Grainniar and pulilishcd his own exer- cises in Hebrew grammar ; Dr. Benjamin Davies prepared a ''Student's Grammar" and a "Stu- dent's Lexicon"' of the Hebrew language; Dr. T. J. Conant translated Gesenius's Hebrew grainmar, wiiich lie enlarged and improved ; this work is now tlie standard of the schools in America and Europe. Joseph S. C. F. Frey was the author of a Hebrew grammar, the ninth American edition of which appeared in 1835; he also compiled a Hebrew lex- icon. Dr. Leecliman wrote a work on logic. Prof. Noah K. Davis has published '• The Theory of Thought, a Treatise on Deductive Logic;" and President D. J. Hill has issued '" The Elements of lliietoric" and " The Science of lllietoric." Dr. K. Brooks, in "Baptists and the National Centen- ary," says, " Dr. AVilliam Stoughton prepared an edition of Virgil, which had extensive use in his day. Adonirain -Judson published an English gram- mar before lie turned iiis attention to the Christian ministry. Dr. Francis Wayland was the author of very popular treatises on moral science, intellectual philosophy, and political economy. Dr. A. C. Ken- drick has publislied introductory text-books in Greek and an edition of ' Xenophon"s Anabasis;' Dr. Hackett, 'Plutarch on tiic Delay of the Deity in Punishing the Guilty ;' Dr. John L. Lincoln edited Livy and Horace. Dr. J. R. Boise has given to the public seven volumes of Greek text- books, and Dr. Albert Harkncss eight volumes of Latin text-books and one of Greek. Dr. J. T. Ciiamplain lias published a large number of school- books, including treatises on ethics and intellec- tual philosophy, and editions of Demosthenes and .^schines. Dr. J. R. Loomis is the author of treatises on geology, anatomy, and physiology. Dr. S. S. Greene has published a series of English grammars; Prof S. 1*. Satiford, a series of arith- metics ; Prof. J. F. Stoddard, a series of arithmetics and algebras ; and Dr. Edward OIney, a series of mathematical text-books, covering the whole ground ofsciiool and college study. Dr. J. H.Hanson has edited two volumes of the Latin authors usually read in preparation for college. Dr. G. AV. San- son! is the author of a volume on art criticism ; Dr. S. H. Carpenter, of an Anglo-Saxon grammar ; and Prof. James G. Clark, of a treatise on the 'Differential and Integral Calculus;' Dr. A. A. Gould was associated with Agassiz in preparing a ti-eatisc on geology;" and Prof. S. M. Shute, D.D., "A Manual of Anglo-Saxon, comprising a Gram- mar, Reader, and Glossary.'' Tlie amount of secular literature coming from the intellect and the learning of Baptists is im- mense. They have written a multitude of books, and control many influential secular newspapers. POETICAL WORKS. " Paradise Lost," by John Milton ; Miss Ann Steele's " Hymns and Poems" were published in tliree volumes in 1780. Dr. John Fawceft was the author of l-'ifi hymns which were printed in 1782. Benjamin Beddomc wrote many precious hymns: Benjamin Walleii, a book of hymns, pul)lished in 175U; Samuel Medley, a work with 232 hymns; John Fellows, a book vrith 55 hymn^. Turner's " Divine Songs, Hymns, and Other Poems" were published in 1748. Joseph Swain wrote 12'J iiyinns, which were issued in 1792. Samuel Stennett fur- nished 40 hymns to Dr. Rippon in 1787 for his " Selection." Edward Mote published a " Selection" of hymns in 1797, 108 of which were written by himself; and Dr. Edmund Turney wrote "Baptis- mal Harmonies," containing 36 hymns and chants; Richard Furman was the author of '" Pleasures of Piety, and Otiior J'oems ;" but no consid(M-able part of our poetical treasures can be recorded in this article ; with Dr. S. F. Smith, Hon. Charles Thurber, Prof. J. II. Gilmorc, Dr. Robert Lowry, Dr. Sidney Dyer, and others among the living, and INIilton and a large number among the dead, we have great reason to bless God for our gifts. (See article on Hymns .\nd their Authors.) SUNDAY-SCHOOL LITERATURE. The American Baptist Publication Society has 1326 works on its list, of which 444 are for Sun- day-school libraries. The.'ie were written with great (!are and aliilify. Many others have Ijeen issued by private publishers in different sections of our country. In foreign lands Baptists are equally interested in providing religious books for tlie young, and the efforts which they have used for tiiis object have been attended with great success. In periodicals for the religious instruction of tlie young the Baptists have shown great enterprise. The Young Reaper is probably the most popular paper in existence ; its pages are eagerly read by hundreds of thousands. Our Young People, in- tended for the period between childhood and adult years, is edited with great aliility, and has a large circulation. The Baptist Publication Society has a list of periodicals, only two of which we have named, whose pages show remarkable adaptation to the vari- ous stages of childhood and youth for which tliey are intended. The 7'cac/ter, designed to benefit the young through their instructors, is one of tlie best- Sunday-school papers in existence. Kind ll'ords, issued by the Southern Baptist Convention, is a great blessing to throngs of the young. Baptists of all nationalities have numbers of religious papers for the enlijihtcnment of the risini: generation. LITERATURE 712 LITERATURE AMERICAN PERIODICALS. Name. Advanced Bible Lesson Quarterly.. Alabama Baptist, The American Baptist Flaj^ ' American Baptist, Tlie American Baptist Year-Book Baptist, Tlie Baptist Banner , Baptist Banner Baptist Beacon, The Baptist Courier, The Baptist Family Magazine ■Baptist Journal, The Baptist Missionary Magazine Baptist I'ioneer, The Baptist Record, Tlie Baptist Reflector, The Baptist Review, The Baptist Signal Baptist Teacher Baptist Weekly, The , Biblical Recorder Bible Lesson Monthly Canadian Baptist, The Canadian Missionary Link Central Baptist, The Children's Picture Lesson Christian Helper Christian Index, The Christian Messenger, The ; Christian Monitor, The Christian Repository Cliristian Secretary Christian Visitor Der Muntere Saeman (German).... Der Seudbote (German) Die Sonntags Freude Der Wegweiser Evangel, The Evangel, The Arkansas Evangelisk Tidskrift Examiner and Chronicle, The Foreign Journal Georgia Baptist, The Helping Hand Heiald of Truth Intermediate Lesson Quarterly Journal and Messenger Kind Words Le Moniteur Michigan Cliristian Herald Missionary Baptist National Baptist, The National Monitor, The ; National Watchman New. Jersey Baptist, The Our Little Ones Our Yonng People Picture Lesson Cards Religious Herald Standard, The Texas Baptist, The Texas Baptist Herald Vermont Baptist, The Watchman, The Watch Tower, The Western Recorder Young Reaper ; Y Wawr (Welsh) Zion's Advocate Editob. Dr. C. R. Blackall E. T. Winkler, D.D D. B. Ray, D.D A. C. Caperton, D.D Rev. J. G. Walker J. R. Graves, LL.D James I. Morris Rev. W. P. Throgmorton.... Rev. W. J. Crawford Rev. A. W. Lainar J. Eugene Keed Rev. A. R.Griggs S. F. Smith, D.D W. H. McAlpine Rev. J. B. Gambrell J. B. Chevis J. R. Baumes, D.D J. J. Spelman P. S. Henson, D.D A. S. Patton, D.D Rev. C. T. Bailev Rev. J. W. Willmarth Wm. Muir , Mrs. H. J. Rose Wm. Ferguson Mrs. M. G. Kennedy H. E. Buclian, M.D H. H. Tucker, D.D., LL.D.. S. Seldon Dr. D. M Breaker S. H. Ford, LL.D S. D. Phelps, D.D Rev. J. E. Hopper Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn Rev. J. T. Prior B. R. Womask J. B. Searcy Prof. J. A. Edgren E. Bright, D D H. A. Tupper, D.D •Rev. Wm. J. White •••{' G. S. Abbott, D.D Mrs M. G. Kennedy G. W. Lasher, D.D , Rev. S. Boykin T. Amyrauld Rev. L. H. Trowbridge... C. C. Dickinson H. L. Wayland, D.D Rev. R. L. Perry Howard Bunts, Jr John W. Moody Dr. C. R. Blackall A. J. Rowland, D.D Mrs. M. G. Kennedy....... A. E. Dickinson, D.D Prof. H. H. Harris, D.D.. J. A. Smith, D.D , Rev. R. C. Buckner J. U. Link, D.D Rev. J. K. Richardson.... Lucius E. Smith, D.D J. W. Olmstead, D.D , A. C. Caperton, D.D B Griffith, D.D 0. Griffith Rev. H. S. Burrage Issued. Wbebe Published. Quarterly Weekly Monthly Yearly Weekly Monthly Weekly , Monthly Weekly Quarterly Monthly Weekly Monthly Weekly Monthly Weekly Monthly Weekly Monthly.. Weekly Monthly Weekly.....!.... Monthly Weekly Monthly Weeklv Monthly Semi-monthly Quarterly Semi-monthly Weekly Semi-monthly Weekly Semi-monthly Monthly Weekly Mofithly Weekly Monthly AVeekly Semi-monthly Monthly Weekly Philadelphia, Pa. Marion, Ala. St. Louis, Mo. Louisville, Kv. Philadeliihia, Pa. Memphit-, Tenn. Cumming, Ga. Benton, HI. Albany, Oregon. Greenville, S. ('. Philadelphia, Pa. Dallas, Texas. Boston, Mass. Marion, Ala. Clinton, Miss. Nashville, Teun. Cincinnati, 0. Jackson, Miss. Philadelphia, Pa. New York, N. Y. Raleigh, N. C. Philadelphia, Pa. Toronto, Ontario. St. Louis, Mo. Philadelphia, Pa. Toronto, Ontario. Atlanta, Ga. Halifax, Nova Scotia. Gainesville, Ga. St. Louis, Mo. Hartford, Conn. St. John, New Brunswick. Cleveland, O. San Francisco, Cal. Little Rock and Dardanelle. "Chicago, 111. New York, N. Y. Richmond, Va. Augusta, Ga. Boston, Mass. Oakland. Cal. Philadelphia, Pa. Cincinnati, 0. Macon, Ga. Griinby, Quebec. Detroit, Mich. Memphis, Tenn. Philadelphia, Pa. Brooklyn, N. Y. Albany, Ga. Trenton, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Riclimond, Va. Chicago, III. Dalla'^, Texas. Houston, Te.xas. Rutland, Vt. Boston, Mass. New York, N. Y. Louisville, Ky. Philadelphia, Pa. Utica, N. Y. Portland, Me. BRITISH PERIODICALS. The Baptist Handbook, yearly ; The Baptist Al- manac, yearly ; The Baptist Year-Book and Alma- nac, yearly ; The General Baptist Almanac, yearly ; Spurgeon's Illustrated Almanac, yearly ; The Quar- terlij Reporter of the German Baptist Mission, quar- terly ; Baptist Macjazine, monthly ; Baptist Mes- senger, monthly ; The Church, monthly ; General Baptist Magazine, monthly ; Earthen Vessel, monthly ; Gospel Herald and Voice of Truth, monthly; Missionary Herald, monthly; Jucenile Missiona')-y Ha-ald, monthly ; Sword and Trowel, monthly ; The Irish Baptist Magazine, monthly 5 The Freeman, weekly ; The Baptist, weekly. WELSH. The Welsh Baptist Handbook, yearly ; F Greal ( The Magazine), monthly ; YrAthraic ( The Teacher), monthly; Cydyinaith Y Plenty n (Child's Com- panion), monthly, Seren Cymru [Star of Wales) weekly. SCOTLAND. The Scottish Baptist Magazine, monthly. LITTLEFIELD 713 LOFTON Littlefield, Gov. Alfred Henry, was born in Scituate, 11. I., April 2, l.Sii'.t. Several of liLs an- cestors occupied prominent positions in the admin- istration of the civil affairs of Rhode Island, lie was one of a family of eleven children. In the sprinjT of 18.51 he entered into partnership with his brother. The business of tlu; firm was so success- ful that it has become one of the most prominent in the State. Gov. Littlefield had an appointment in the civil war as brigade quartermaster on the staff of Brig.-Gen. 0. Arnold, and in various ways rendered efficient aid to the government, and ex- tended his sympathy and pecuniary help to the families of the soldiers, lie has tilled, and con- tinues to fill, important positions in different cor- porations in Pawtucket, R. 1. He has represented the town of Lincoln in both branches of the Gen- eral Assembly. He was chosen governor in 1880. Gov. Littlefield is an habitual attendant on the ministrj' of Rev. George Bullen, pastor of the First Baptist church in Pawtucket, of which his wife is a monil)er. Lloyd, Rev. W. B., the oldest Baptist minister in Mississippi, was born in Georgia in 1809 ; be- came a Baptist in 1825, and at once began to preach ; was ordained the following year. He set- tled in Nosube Co., Miss., in 1830, where he en- gaged actively in the ministry. He was an able preacher and a successful revivalist, having bap- tized about 3000 persons during the fifty-five years of his ministry. Lloyd, Rev. W. S., was born in Hyde Co., N. C, Feb. 27, 1811 ; ordained in South Carolina in 1835 ; educated in Furman University, in both the literary and theological courses. After a useful ministry often years in that State, he settled in Macon Co., Ala., in 1845, where he remained until his death. Soon attracting general attention, he became one of the most popular and useful, as he was one of the most gifted ministers in the State. A striking form, excellent social qualities, with the spirit of a Christian, he made friends of all with whom he came in contact. His churches were among a wealthy and highly-cultivated people. He fell dead in the pulpit in the midst of one of his elo- quent sermons, at Mount Meigs, Ala., at eleven o'clock on Sabbath, March 12, 1854. Rev. W. E. Lloyd, of Auburn, one of the best preachers in Alabama, is his son, possessing many of the striking and noble traits of his brilliant father. Locke, Rev. Jacob, an able and useful preacher of tlie Old Green River Association in Kentucky, was born in Berkeley Co., Va.. about 1768. He re- moved to Mercer Co., Ky., in 1789, and subse- quently to Barren County of that State about 1799. Here he was ordained to the ministry in 1801, and became pastor of the Mount Tabor Baptist church in 1803, besides supplying several other churches. 46 Mr. Locke was a man of wisdom, piety, and zeal. He was the leading man in planting and establish- ing the young churches and guiding their associa- tional councils. He was moderator of Green River Association for more than twenty years, and then of Liberty Association from its constitution until his death, which oc('urred Jan. 18, 1'incil of Trent decrees, "If any man shall deny, that in the sacr.inieiit of tho most holy Eucharist, there is contained renlly, truly, anil siilistaritiully.Mc bndij ami blnoit, together ii-Uh the soul and ilii'uiitij of our Lonl .lesus Christ, and so whole Chrixt, hut shall sny hi- is only in it in sign, or figure, or power, let him be accursed." J)u Eucharis, Can. i. Less, xiii. p. 6:!. Canoues et Decreta Coiicilii Trid. Li|isia>, 18().i. t The body and blood of Christ truly present in the Supper. Augsburg Confession, Article x. unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any pluck them out of my hand." — John X. 28. Tiiank God for the Lord's Supper! The Supi)er has no commission to teach us charity for each other. Examine the descriptions given of it in Matt. xxvi. 2()-28, in Mark xiv. 22-23, in Luke xxii. 19, 20, in 1 Cor. xi. 20-29, and allusions made to it elsewhere, and in every instance it is a memorial of the Saviour's wounds and blood, — a picture of Christ's only food for perishing souls, and in each case destitute of any other allusion. Many Chris- tians turn it into a feast of charity for members of their own and of other sects, and speak with un- loving harshness of those who observe it solely as a remembrancer of a Saviour in the throes of death. Charity in its own place is a truly ble.s.sed grace ; he is not Christ's who has not a goodly measure of it; it is the chain who.se golden links bind to- gether the whole heavenly throng, from the Mighty One wielding the sword of Omnipotence to the low- liest shining spirit. From the depths of our hearts, enthusiasm surges up in a mighty current around charity, the darling of heaven, — the element of which God himself is composed. But we have a fervent love for the truth of God, — for that whole body of revelation, one fragment of which exceeds in worth the riches of time, and all the material splendors of the universe. And as the Lord's Supper, according to Jesus, has nothing to do with charity, as it is a .monument upon which is sculp- tured the ANGUISH OF Jesus, the food and drink. OF THE SOUL, and a monument from which the most dazzling glories in the universe shine forth, and around which the most thrilling melodies of heavenly harmony shall ever float, why obliterate its dirinely appointed inscription to trace upon it any other writing, even though you inscribe upon it man's love to his fellow, — where Christ's love in lines of blood was once read ? Surely this is an im- pious act in any one, and peculiarly so in the ad- herents of that Protestantism which boasts that the " Bible and the Bible alone is its religion." You might with as much propriety assemble the pious business people of several localities together on New Year's day, who manifested the grace of Christian integrity by paying their debts, and in- duce them to celebrate the Supper as an exhibition of their uprightness and probity. And if it might be said, the cross shows Christ's love for us in the Supper, the example of which commands us to love one another, it might with equal justice be affirmed, the sufferings of Jesus seen in the Supper «,» our surety, show him as wonderfully honest in paying our debts to the violated law, and following in his footsteps, we should refuse all gains not righteously secured. Lorimer, George C, D.D., was bom near Edin- burgh, Scotland, in 18.38, and in that city he spent LO RIMER 718 LOUISIANA the early part of his life. For a short time he fol- ■ lowed the sea, then for a brief period he had some business connection with a theatre, and occasionally performed some parts, but God had something higher GEORGE C. LORIMER, D.D. and better for him than the stage. He came to the United States when he was about eighteen years of age, and having been providentially led to the city of Louisville, Ky., he was brought under the influence of the preaching of the pastor of the Walnut Street Baptist church. That preaching was blessed to him, and he became a hopeful Chris- tian. The whole purpose of his life was at once changed. He entered upon a course of study in Georgetown College, Ky., preparatory to the Chris- tian ministry, and in 1859 was ordained pastor of the church at Harrodsbupg, Ky. ^ He remained there until called to Paducah, Ky., and from there to Louisville, where he was a pastor for eight years. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Bethel College while he was in Louisville. From Louisville he was called to Al- bany, N. Y., where he remained two years, and then accepted an invitation to the Shawmut Avenue church, Boston. AVhile in the midst of a success- ful ministry with this church, the attention of the Tremont Temple church was directed to him, and he was urged to occupy that central and important position, in which, for several years, his labors have been so much blessed. About eighteen months ago he took charge of the First church, Chicago. Dr. Lorimer is in the prime of his life, and, it is to be hoped, of his usefulness. Ilis ministry is a popular one, in the best sense of the word. He be- lieves in a genial religion, and seeks to draw men to Christ by the sweet words of a Saviour's love. Ilis preaching has been blessed to the building up of a large church and congregation in Boston ; and it has been equally effective in his present charge. He has just sundered his happy relations with the First church to minister to a new community occupying the field vacated by the Michigan Avenue Baptist church. Lothrop, Rev. J. Grafton, was a brilliant young minister in Eastern Louisiana, who died, very much regretted, at Greensburg, La., June 16, 1868. He began to preach in 1861. Louisiana, one of the Gulf States, was long a part of the territory of France, but was purchased by the United States in 1803. It has about 20,000 white Baptists and about 30,000 colored. The sentiments of the Baptists were first propa- gated in this State by preachers from* the contigu- ous parts of Mississippi. Rev. Bailey E. Chaney removed with his family into Eastern Louisiana, then called West Florida, in 1798, and settled with a number of other South Carolinians not far from Baton Rouge. lie began to preach to his Ameri- can neighbors, but he was not long without moles- tation. He was arrested and imprisoned at Baton Rouge by the Spanish authorities. But he pur- chased his liberty by promising to abstain from preaching in the future, and subsequently re- turned to Mississippi. Soon after the cession of the French portion of the Territory, Joseph Willis, a mulatto, who was a licensed Baptist preacher, and who had been a co- laborer with Richard Curtis in ^Mississippi, boldly crossed the Mississippi River, and in 1804 preached at Vermillion and Plaquemine Brul^. The follow- ing year 'he returned and settled on Bayou Chicot in St. Landry Parish, where he began to preach, and in 1812, with assistance from Mississippi, or- ganized a church, of which he became pastor. About the beginning of the present century a number of young ministers crossed into West Florida, at the peril of their liberty. By the labors of these, two churches were gathered on Pearl River, called Mount Nebo and Peniel, which were constituted in 1813. Previous to 1806, Ezra Courtney, who had set- tled in Mississippi in 1802, made frequent visits into the Felicianas and East Baton Rouge, and about that time removed and settled near the pres- ent town of Clinton, and in 1814 Ilepzibah church was constituted. In 1810 AVest Florida was ceded to the United States. Other ministers came into this part of the State. Elisha Anders settled in AVest Feliciana, Howell Wall and W. B. Wall in St. Helena. As early as 1818 a small church was LOUISIANA 719 LOUISVILLE gathered in New Orleans, and enjoyed the labors of Benjamin Davis. West of the Mississippi Joseph Willis continued for several years to labor alone, and orijanized churches at Cheneyville, Vermillion, Plaqueniinp Brule, and Hickory Flat. In 1S16 he was joined in this field Ijy Kzekiel O'Quinn and Ishani Nettles. On the 31st day of October, 1818, six churches met by delegates at Cheneyville, and organized the Lou- isiana Baptist Association, of which Joseph Willis was elected moderator. Other ministers were or- dained, and churches increased, mainly through the zealous la])ors of Mr. AVillis. In 1S22, Rev. Henry Humble settled on the Ouachita River, in the parish of Catahoula, and in 1826 the First church in Catahoula was established. Here, at a somewhat later day, labored Asa S. IMer- cer, John Hill, the Meridiths, Thomas and James, and many churches were gathered in the Ouachita region. In 1820, Rev. James Brinson, with a numl)er of other Baptists, settled at Pine Hills, not far from the present town of Vienna, and organized a church in 1S21. Here they were joined by John Impson. The}- extended their labors westward, and gathered a church about four miles east of Mount Lebanon, called Providence. It was afterwards removed to Athens. Not far from the present town of Minden they found a few Baptists, whom they gathered into a church called Black Lake. In 1837 a colony, most of whom were Baptists, removed from South Carolina and settled at Mount Lebanon, in Bienville Parish. In the company was Henry Adams, a colored man, who was an ordained Baptist preacher. A church was organized, and Mr. Adams became pastor. He was a man of some education, and was very much respected by the community. This church became one of the most active and influential in the State. About the same time Elias George, Samuel J. Larkin, and William B. Larkin began to preach in Union Parish, and many churches were gathered in a few years. In 1843, Rev. .John Bryce, an eminent Baptist minister, was sent to Shreveport as collector of customs on imports from the republic of Texas. AVhile discharging the duties of his office he preached in Shreveport and the surrounding coun- try. In 1S45 a church was gathered in Shreve- port, and Mr. Bryce became pastor. His office of collector of customs having expired by the annexa- tion of Texas, he continued to labor in this region until 1850. He wiis joined in 1S47 byA. W.Jack- son and Jesse Lee, two able ministers from Ala- bama, and on Dec. 21, 1S40, the Grand Cane Asso- ciation was organized. In the Sabine region the churches were princi- pally planted and consolidated by the labors of Nathan II. Bray after 1847. Tiicre were a few churches before this planted by Willis and his co- laborers, but they were feeble and scattered. In 1848, Mr. Bray formed them into an Association called Sabine. The Bayou Macon region, between the Ouachita and Mississippi Rivers, had but few Baptists pre- vious to 1850. Shortly after this J. P. Blake and D. U. Swindall began their labors there, and in 1855 organized the Bayou Macon Association. Louisiana Baptist, a weekly newspaper, was started at Mount Lelianon, La., in 1855, l»y Rev. Hanson Lee, and conducted with such ability that it ranked with the ablest i-eligious journals of the South. In 1862, Mr. Lee died, and the paper was continued by AV. F. Wells, with Dr. Courtney as editor, and subse(|uently as part owner. At the close of the war Rev. A. S. Worrell bought it, but after a short connection, resold to AV. F. AVells, and Dr. Courtney became editor, with W. E. Paxton associate. At the end of the year 1869 Mr. Wells sold his su])scription to Rev. J. R. Graves of the Memphis Baptist^ and the Louisiana Baptist was discontinued. Louisiana Baptist Convention was organized in 184s. Its leading olyects w(?re educational and missionary. Under its fostering care Mount Leb- anon University came into existence .and other schools were encouraged. Its missionaries have penetrated into many destitute parts of the State, and laid the foundation for numerous churches now flourishing. With an active mission board, inspired by Rev. W. C. Friley, the State evangel- ist, the work of the Convention has greatly pros- pered for the last two years. Its operations during the past year secured about $6000. President, Rev. J. P. Everett, Shiloh, La. ; Re- cording Secretary, Rev. G. AV. Ilartsfield, Mans- field, La. Louisiana, Baptist Messenger of, is a weekly paper pul)lished at Fanucrville, La., Rev. S. C. Leo editor. It started in 1879 as a semi-weekly. It began its second year as a weekly. It is well conducted, and it is rapidly growing in jiublic fiivor. Louisville, Baptist Orphans' Home of, was established through the efforts of the ladies of AValnut Street church, in Louisville, in 1866. The building first occupied was a rented one. Soon after the house was opened, however, Mrs. J. Law- rence Smith, a member of the AValnut Street church, donated to the Orphans' Home Society $5000 in money and a lot of ground valued at ?15,0(X), provided a sufficient amount should be raised to erect suitable buildings thereon. The sum of $22,000 was speedily secured, and in March, 1S67, the ground was broken for the foundation. The new home was dedicated Dec. 19, 1870. During its existence 280 children have been received ; 171 LOUISVILLE 720 LOWRY of these have been placed in good homes, 62 have 1)een legally adopted in Christian families, and 41 remain in the home. The object of the home is to receive such orphans as cannot be well provided for otherwise, and to educate and train them for useful employments until such time as suitable homes can ))e procured for them in private families, or until they are able to take care of themselves. Under the management of Miss. Mary Hollingsworth, who has been matron since its organization, the home has been very popular, and has been well sustained by voluntary contributions. Louisville, Walnut Street Baptist Churcli of. — The First Baptist church in Louisville was organized by Rev. Henson Hobbs in 1815, and con- sisted of 14 members. In 1839 the church num- bered 539. Eighteen withdrew and formed the Second Baptist church. In 1849, when both churches were without pastors, they invited Rev. Thomas Smith, who accepted both calls on con- dition that the churches would unite and build a good house in an eligible locality. On Oct. 29, 1849, both churches dissolved and formed the Wal- nut Street Baptist church, and the present mag- nificent house was erected the following year on the corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets. The first public meeting held in the Jnished house was the funeral of the pastor. Tho edifice cost $105,000. Since its erection it has been altered at considerable expense several times. At one time $20,000 was expended upon it. Its seating capacity is 1300. It is the mother of the other Baptist churches of Louisville, — a goodly family. . Lovelace, Rev. Colmore, was bom in Mary- land, Nov. 26, 1795. At five years of age his parents removed to Kentucky. At the age of four- teen he united with Mount Moriah Baptist church, in Nelson County. He was licensed to preach at Severn's Valley church, in Harbin County, in 1822, and ordained in 1823. He was pastor of several churches in Salem Association, and devoted much time to the work of a missionary. He was distin- guished for his piety, zeal, and philanthropy. Few men were more devotedly loved or more extensively blessed. He baptized more than 1200 persons. He died in Hardin Co., Ky., March 16, 1864. Lovell, Rev. Andrew Sprague, son of Stephen and llhoda (French) Lovell, was born in Braintree, Mass., in September, 1807 ; converted in 1825 ; studied at Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Kent's Hill, Readfield, Me., at Connecticut Literary Institution, Suffield, Conn., and at Newton Theological Semi- nary, Mass. •, chosen associate principal of the Connecticut Literary Institution in 1837 ; principal of the city high school in Middletown, Conn., for two years ; for a time the editor of The ^Egis, pub- lished in Worcester. Mass. ; in 1847 became pastor of the Baptist church in Mansfield, Conn. ; ordained in 1848 ; in 1853 accepted a call to Bloomfield, Conn. ; in 1857 settled with the Baptist church in East Longmeadow, Mass. ; during the war was an agent for the Christian Commission at Xewbern, N. C. ; in 1868 settled with the Baptist church in TarifFville, Conn. ; now living in Andover, Conn. : very scholarly, calm, penetrating, thorough in thought, elegant in style, eminently sound in the faith ; mightier with his pen than with his voice : a poet of unusually delicate taste ; a man of great purity and integrity. Lovell, Rev. N. G., was born in Rowley, now Georgetown, Mass., in 1806. He graduated at Brown University in 1833, and in the following October entered Newton Theological Institution. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Princeton, Mass., in July, 1834. His subsequent settlements were at Amherst, Bellingham, and North Attleborough. Seventeen years of his life were thus devoted to the ministry. .His labors were blessed in all his pastorates, especially in that of Bellipgham, where there was an interesting re- vival of religion, followed by large additions to his church. He died at Valley Falls, R. I., Nov. 15, 1851. Lowry, Gen. M. P., president of Blue Moun- tain College, Miss., ten years president of Missis- GEN. M. p. LOWRY. sippi Baptist Convention, distinguished as an edu- cator, preacher, editor, and as a brigadier-general in the Confederate army, was born in Tennessee in 1828, He began to preach in Mississippi in 1852 ; supplied the churches at Farraington, Corinth, WALNUT STREET BAPTIST OIU'RCH, LOUISVILLE, K.Y. LOWRY 722 LOXLEY ^Rienzi, Ripley, and other places; in 1861 entered the Confederate service as a 'captain, was elected colonel, and for gallant conduct was m,ade brigadier- general, and although he refused further promotion, he was often assigned to the command of a division, and served with distinguished ability at Corinth, Perryville, where he was wounded, and in that terrible succession of battles that followed Sher- man's advance into Georgia. During the war he preached regularly to the soldiers, and at its close resumed his old field ; founded Blue Mountain Fe- male College ; contributed two years to Georgia Index, and was six years associate editor of the Memphis Baptist. He is also a Doctor of Divinity. Lowry, Rev. Jennings O'Bannon, pastor of Coliseum Place Baptist church, New Orleans, was born in Georgia in 1851, but reared in South Caro- lina. He took a literary course at Erskihe College, S. C. After a course in theology at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, he spent some time at Leipsic, Germany ; was pastor of St. Francis Street church. Mobile, Ala., live years; called to New Orleans, in December, 1879. Lowry, Robert, B.D., was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., March 12, 1826. His pai'ents were members of the Associate Presbyterian Church. At the age of seventeen he became a subject of divine grace. After reading the New Testament, he was con- vinced that it was his duty to follow Christ in baptism. He was immersed April 23, 1843, by Dr. George B. Ide, pastor of the First Baptist church, Philadelphia. He began his religious life with Christian work in helping to organize a Sun- day-school in a destitute part of the city. For sev- eral years he felt an irrepressible drawing towards the ministry, but did not venture to disclose it until his pastor probed his feelings and encour- aged him to begin a course of study. In 1848 he entered the university at Lewifeburg, Pa., and was graduated in 1854, receiving valedictory honoi-s. In the same year he was ordained, and called to the pastorate of the First Baptist church, West Chester, Pa. Here he remained four years, during which time anew church edifice was built. In 1858 lie was called to the Bloomingdale Baptist church. New York City. A movement for a new church edifice was interrupted by the breaking out of the civil war. In 1861 he accepted a call to the Han- son Place Baptist church, Brooklyn, N. Y., where he labored over eight years. During this pastorate about 400 members were added to the church. In 1869 he was induced to accept the professorship of Belles-Lettres in Lewisburg, and the pastorate of the Baptist church. While here the now church edifice was dedicated. After performing this double work for si.K years, he retired, with the honorary title of D.D., to Plainfield, N. J. He was sub- sequently elected chancellor of the university. Shortly after reaching Plainfield a new church was organized, which called him to its pastorship. This movement led to the erection of the Park Avenue church at a cost of $40,000. He has al- ways been an active worker in the Sunday-school. He preaches extemporaneously, and holds tena- ciously to the distinctive views of Baptists. Mul- titudes know him as a composer of sacred song, rather than as a preacher. His melodies are sung in every English-speaking land. Some of his hymns have been translated into foreign tongues. Music and hymnology are favorite studies with him. Of. five sons, three of whom are living, the oldest has given himself to the work of the min- istry. Loxley, Col. Benjamin, was born in Yorkshire, England, Dec. 20, 1720; came to Philadelphia at the age of sixteen, and served five years at the car- penter's trade. Married first Jane Watkins, sister of his master, and on her death, Catlierine Cox, of Upper Freehold, N.J. He had fifteen children. About *1755 he helped to form the 1st Artillery Company of Philadelphia, and went as lieutenant into the service under Gen. Braddock, sharing his defeat at Great Meadows. In 1758, Gen. Forbes appointed him to take charge of the king's stores in the province, which he did for seven years. In 1764 he had command of the artillery which awaited the invasion of the " Paxton boj's," of which Mr. Graydon gives an amusing account in his ''Reminiscences.'' He describes Capt. Loxley as a very honest little man, " who was always put foremost when great guns were in question." In 1775, Col. Loxley was on the Committee of Safety for Dock Ward, arid served in the Pro- vincial Conference and Convention of the times. Commanded the artillery at Amboy. at German- town, and was constantly engaged in casting and in supplying various munitions of war. While driven out of Philadelphia by the British, they burned five of his buildings and destroyed other property. Some of his family also served in the army. Col. Loxley was early a member of the First Baptist church, and liberal and conspicu- ous in erecting its meeting-house at L.a Grange Place. Among other Baptist houses, public or private, Aviiere Wliitefield preached in Phila- delphia, was Lesley's residence, near 177 South Second Street, then said to be in the country. The front of the house was arched, and there the great preacher addressed thousands on tlie gentle bill, whose slope affoi-ded a resting-place. The neigh- borhood was where Cadwallader drilled his,'' silk- stocking company,"' some of whom proved doughty warriors in times that tested men's souls. About opposite was the house of William Darrah. whose wife (Lydia) overheard a plot laid by certain Brit- ish officers, quartered upon them, to surprise Wash- LUCAS 723 LUDLOW ington at Whiteiuarsh. She "went to mill" early next morning, and contrived to convey information whereby the danger was averted, the British not knowing why their plans failed. Col. Loxley died in the fall of 1801, aged about eighty-one years, leaving nianyof liis name and blood in Pennsylva- nia and New Jersey. One, Benjamin K. Loxley, was long a useful home missionary in Philadel- phia. Another is wif(> of Robert Lowry, D.D. Lucas, Rev. Elijah, was born in Plymouth, England, in December, 1S2S. AVhen quite a lad he accepted Christ, and united with the AV^eslcyan Methodists. In the spring of LSaO he came to REV. ELIJAH LUCAS. America, and having been fur a long time troubled on the subject of baptism, and being convinced that the law of Christ required immersion, he of- fered himself to the First Baptist church of Troy, N. Y., as a candidate for baptism, and was bap- tized by Rev. Geo. C. Baldwin, D.D., and some time afterwards that church licensed him to preach. Mr. Lucas always shrank from the work of the ministry, and was at last almost thrust into it by the providence of God. His first settlement was at AVaterford and Half- Moon, in Saratoga Co., N. Y. He served both those churches, preaching three times each Lord's day. After laboring for about two and a half years, he removed in 1S55 to Stanford, in Dutchess Co.. N. Y. In 18")9 he accepted a call from Grecnport, and continued there three years. He served the First Baptist church in Harlem, New York City, nine years, after having labored about two and a half years in Hastings, on the Hudson. On re- turning from Harlem he went to Europe, and on his return he accepted the unanimous call of the First Baptist church of Trenton, N. J., and began his labors there in 1873, and he is still with that church. Mr. Lucas has baptized a large number at Tren- ton. His church has over 1000 members, boinj; the largest Baptist church, except the First of New- ark, in the State. Mr. Lucas is an able preacher and a devoted servant of the Redeemer. Luck, Rev. William Francis, was bom Nov. 7, 1801, in Campbell Co., Va., in 1827. He re- moved to Tennessee, and lived there thirty years. In 1857 he located in Lincoln Co., Mo. He pro- fessed religion in 1830, and joined the Pleasant Valley church, Tcnn. At one time he was mis- sionary of the General Association of Middle Ten- nessee and North Alabama. He preached until within a few days of his death, and chiefly to four churches. As a preacher, he was bold and im- pressive. As an evangelist, he was efficient. In Missouri he labored much in revivals. He died Dec. 2G, 1878. Rigid in discipline, prompt in re- proof, and full of the spirit of Jesus, he commanded the confidence and love of his brethren. Ludlow, Gen. Edmund, was born at Maiden- Bradley, in AViltshire, England, in 1620, and edu- cated at Trinity College, Oxford. He was one of the judges that condemned (jjiarles I. ; he was a distioLiuished general in the Parliamentary forces, and for a time at the head of the large English army necessarily kept in Ireland. He was en- dowed with a penetrating and independent mind ; and he could not be moved by fear for the mighty power of Cromwell, or by a desire for the great favors he had to bestow, to change the course he had selected for himself. Ludlow was a decided republican, and when Cromwell assumed the Pro- tectorate, he made a vigorous protest against the step, and gave up his command in Ireland. After the return of Charles II. to England, he went to Yevay, in Switzerland, where he died in 1693. His " Memoirs" are necessary to c(imj)lete the history of the Parliamentary war in England. Richard Baxter, speaking of Cromwell, says, " He sent his son Henry into Ireland, who mightily supprest the Anabaptists, ... so that Maj.-Gen. Ludlow, who headed them in Ireland, was forced to submit."* Ludlow was a Baptist, and worthily he walked in days of danger and tem]>tation. Ludlow, Rev. James Peter, grandson of Rev. Dr. Stephen Gano, of Rhode Island, was born at Charleston, S. C, Jan. 5, 18.33. He was converted at sea, on the whale-ship " Helen Augusta" : bap- tized at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, in February, ♦ Baxter'8 Life, pp. B9, 70. LUMPKIN 724 LUMPKIN 1853, by the seamen's chaplain, S. C. Damon ; the ■first immersion ever witnessed at Honolulu. He graduated at Rochester, in 1861 from the univer- sity, and in 1864 from the theological seminary, und was ordained in 1864 by the Central church, Newport, R. I. The American Baptist Home Mission Society sent him to San Francisco, Cal., in 1864, at which place he organized, in 1865, the Tabernacle church, and was for six years its successful pastor. In 1872 he was pastor of Calvary church, Sacra- mento. Failing health induced him to take a sea- voyage around the world. With health restored, he became pastor at Olympia, Washington Terri- tory, where he served with great success. In 1879 he became missionary for Puget Sound, with resi- ■dence at Seattle. He is deputy clerk of the U. S. District Court of Washington Territory, oyer which the Hon. Judge Roger S. Greene, his friend^ and also a Baptist preacher, presides with marked ability. Lumpkin, Rev. John, the third of eight brothers, all of whom attained prominent positions, was the son of John and Lucy Lumpkin, who re- moved from Virginia and settled in Oglethorpe ■Co., Gra. He was born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., Nov. 4, 1785, but was brought to Georgia in his infancy, and in Oglethorpe County he was reared and educated, and in it he labored and died. He was a Baptist minister of prominence, usefulness, sterling worth, ability, and conscientious rectitude. Gov. Wilson Lumpkin, of Georgia, was his elder brother, and Judge Joseph Henry Lumpkin, chief justice of the Supreme bench, was his younger brother. He united with County-Line church, Morgan Co., in 1808, and was ordained the same year, and imme- diately was called to the care of churches. During his ministry he constituted the churches at Antioch and Salem, in Oglethorpe County, and Sardis, in Wilkes County ; and at the time of his death, Aug. 1, 1839, the buildings of these three churches were •draped in mourning. His life was a shining example of true Christi- anity. As a preacher, his sermons were more re- markable for their practical bearing than for ■brilliancy. In his ministerial career he labored ■diligently and persistently to win souls for Christ ; and God blessed his labors wonderfully. By con- forming his example to his precepts he made a he vis- ited Great Britain, where he was warmly welcomed by Queen Victoria and the leading statesmen of the empire. In Scotland his visit was a series of ovations, men of all ranks and parties uniting to do liini honor. lie received the "freedom"' of sev- eral Scotch burghs, and many other marks of pop- ular appreciation ; but the order of knighthood, tendered him by her majesty in recognition of his distinguished public services, he felt himself obliged to decline. Mr. Mackenzie is a man of superior mental cul- ture and of great intellectual power. In private life he manifests the most kindly disposition, with- out the slightest ostentation or assumption. He is (1881) a member of the Jarvis Street Baptist church, Toronto, Ontario, a trustee of the To- ronto Baj)tist College, and a warm friend to the work of the denomination generally. Maclaren, Alexander, D.D., was born in Glas- gow, Scotland, in 1825. His father was for many years a pastor of the Scotch Baptist church in that city, and was held in high rep\itation by his brethren as an expositor of the divine AV^ord. On his father's removal to Australia, he attended the ministry of Dr. James Paterson, for forty-six years pastor of the Hope Street Baptist church in Glasgow, and was baptized on May 7, 1840. When not much more than sixteen years of age he was entered at Stepney College, London, as a student for the min- istry. He made thorough and honorable progress in all the studies of that seminary, and at the close of the course took the B.A. degree at the London Uni- versity, with the prize for proficiency in the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures. His first settlement was at Portland chapel, Southampton, where a notable minister, Rev. John Pulsford, had preached for a few years, and a very mixed congregation had been gathered. At the time of Mr. Maclaren's settle- ment the attendance was small, and for some years few, if any, signs of progress appeared. The young minister was for a time uncertain whether his ministry slmuld be continued, but he persevered in his course, making for himself the reputation of an original and reverent thinker. His peculiar treatment of sacred themes in the pulpit, and his unclerical attire, led some of his neighbors to think he was heterodox. But Mr. ^laclaren lived down all suspicion of heterodoxy, and it became evident to all that the town possessed in the young Baptist pastor a public teacher ofgreat gifts. The church MACLAY 73-2 MACLAY was tilled, and ultimately crowded. In 1858 he was induced to remove to Manchester, to become pastor of a church founded on similar principles of organization to that at Southampton. -Since that time his fame as a preacher and writer has steadily risen. The great mercantile city cherishes his name as one of> her choice possessions, while the literary and theological world esteems Dr. Maclaren one of the foremost preachers of the age. By the denomi- nation he is regarded as a tower of strength ; his attachment to the distinctive tenets of the body being known to all. He filled the chair of the Baptist Union in 1875, and is a zealous promoter of the missions and otlier denominational enter- prises. He is in great request as a lecturer, but for the most part he gives himself to pulpit and pas- toral work. A very large edifice recently built is already too small to accommodate the congregation, and the church is the centre of evangelistic ac- tivity. Several editions of his sermons have been published on both sides of the Atlantic. He has also written a little book on Italy, w-hich attracted favorable notice. The Edinburgh University grace- fully tendered him the degree of D.D. in 1878, in recognition of his distinguished ability as a theolo- gian and a preacher. Maclay, Archibald, D.D., was born in Kil- learn, Scotland, May 14, 1778,- and died in New .AKCIlIllAl.n MACl.AV, ».I). York, May 2, 18()(). The family removed to Glas- gow, where he formed the acquaintance of the learned Christian philanthropist, Robert Ilaldanc. To him he made known his wish to prepare for the min- istry, and Mr. Haldane gave him the means to procure an education. In 1802 he commenced preaching as a Congregationalist at Kirkcaldy, in Fifeshire. In 1804 he was appointed a missionary to the East Indies, but the British government in- terfei-ed and the project was abandoned. Then, through the advice of Mr. Haldane, he sailed for New-York ; commenced preaching in Rose Street, and soon organized a Congregational church. Three years' later his investigations and convic- tions led him to unite with the Baptists, and the majority of his church in Rose Street followed him. A Baptist church, now known as the Tabernacle church, was organized, of which he remained pastor until 1837, when he resigned, to become the gen- eral agent of the American and Foreign Bible So- ciety. He labored with great success in this work for thirteen years, traveling over all parts of the United States and the British provinces. The Bible Translation Society of England was one of the re- sults of his labors. In 1850 he assisted in organ- izing, and became the general agent of the Ameri- can Bible Union, whose main object was the revision of the English Bible. Becoming dissatisfied with its management, he withdrew from it in 1856, and published his reasons for so doing. One of his addresses in favor of faithful transla- tions was issued in several languages, and more than a hundred thousand copies of it circulated. He was a superior preacher, an able writer, and a successful minister. Maclay, Hon. WiUiam B., son of Archibald Maclay, D.D., was born in New York in 1812. After four years at the University of New York he was graduated with the highest honors of his class in 1836, the valedictory being- awarded to him by the faculty. He was immediately elected a mem- ber of the council of the university, which position he still holds. He was elected to the Legislature of New York in 1840, 1841, and 1S42. He is known as the author of bills which passed the Legislature which greatly improved the facilities of the higher courts in their work, and lessened the expenses of litigation. In 1842 he drafted a bill, which became a law, establishing the present sj'stem of public schools of New York, of which he has the honor of lieing the founder. 5Ir. Maclay has been five times elected'a representative in Congress from his city. With great credit he served on the Com- mittee of Ways and Cleans, on the Committee on Naval Afl^airs. and on other important committees. lie was prominent in securing a reduction of letter postage, and published his views in HunVs Mer- fha)ili' Magazine. He had the faculty of stating his opinions on all public questions with clearness and force, and therefore carried his points in State and national legislation. It is admitted by statesmen that he has given the clearest account of our title MA CLAY 733 MA CON to Oregon of any man, and put that matter beyond dispute. Since his retirement from Congress he has held no office except that of commissioner of tiie New York and Brooklyn Bridfjo Company, lie is a member and supporter of the Madison Ave- nue Baptist c()iifi;ri>i!;ation. Maclay, William W., a grandson of Uov. Dr. Arirliibaid Maclay, was born in the city of New York, AJarch 27, 1845. He was graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1863, and was imme- diately commissioned ensign in the navy. For gal- lant conduct he was promoted to the grade of master in 1865. lie served with Admiral Porter in both bombardments of Fort Fisher, in 18G4 and 1805. In 1867 he was commissioned lieutenant, and in 1868 was again promoted, to lieutenant-com- mander. In the same year he was made fleet- lieutenant and acting fleet-captain in the U. S. Asiatic Squadron. Again, in 1868, he was ap- pointed instructor of mathematics in the Naval Academy at Annapolis. In 1870 he was elected corresponding member of the U. S. Geographical tSociety, an