22 . 22 / 
 
 / 
 
 Voi<. 1 . ]\[o. 6. 
 
 ;. THE 
 
 Missionary Review. 
 
 November-Decem rer, 
 
 ‘ VT'jPtT I V Of 
 
 
 
 1878 . 
 
 RI IT C E TGI 
 
 REC.IUN 1880 
 
 <*4l 
 
 Nil Desperancfum, Christo sub Duce. ; LQGI-C 
 
 jSS 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. Introduction of Christianity into India, - 329 
 
 II. Foreign Missions of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in 
 
 North America, ------- 333 
 
 III. Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church in North 
 
 America, -------- 339 
 
 IV. Foreign Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
 
 United States of America, - 
 V. Foreign Missionary Periodicals, - 
 VI. Items Showing Progress, 
 
 VII. Comparative Statistics, 
 
 VIII. Field Notes, - 
 IX. Questions and Answers, 
 
 X. Letters from Missionaries, 
 
 XI. Sailing of Missionaries, 
 
 XII. Death Notices of Missionaries, 
 XIII. Book and Literary Notices, 
 
 - 345 
 350 
 
 - 353 
 356 
 
 - 358 
 370 
 
 - 374 
 380 
 
 - 381 
 383 
 
 PUBLISHED AT PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
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 1878. 
 
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 results of her work; Foreign Missions of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 
 with fields, statistics, and results; Missionary Journey Across China, illustrating faith 
 and perseverance of the missionaries, and the openness of China to the Word of God; 
 The Right Use of Money, in which example is made to speak, as well as precept; 
 Foreign Missions of the British Presbyterians, with their stations and statistics; 
 Field Notes, Questions and Answers, Letters of Missionaries, Sailing and Death 
 Notices of Missionaries—all make a most suggestive and instructive number. The 
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THE 
 
 Missionary Review 
 
 <Jf il §te8$ermdnm, (f^hrisio mi 
 
 VOL. I. , November-December, 1878. No. 6. 
 
 ART. I.—INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY INTO INDIA. 
 
 [.Resumed from page 256.] 
 
 BY REV. SAMUEL HUTCHINGS, ORANGE, N. J., TEN YEARS A MISSIONARY IN INDIA. 
 
 III. —Protestantism. 
 
 The first Protestant mission in India was commenced by the Danish 
 government, at Tranquebar, on the Coromandel coast, in the beginning 
 of the eighteenth century. Though some Dutch missionaries in Ceylon 
 had at times visited the Dutch possessions of Tuticorin and Negapatam, 
 on this coast, yet their labors were confined to their countrymen and 
 the native Christians. The duty of converting his heathen subjects in 
 India was set before the King of Denmark by Dr. Lutkins, one of his 
 chaplains, who was directed at once to take measures to send out mis¬ 
 sionaries. Two students at Halle, in Germany, 
 
 ZIEGENBALG AND PLUTSCHAU, 
 
 young men of learning, ability and Christian zeal, were found ready 
 to go, and embarked, in 1705, for Tranquebar. 
 
 The natives being averse to a European acquiring more than a col¬ 
 loquial use of the Tamil language, they found it difficult for a while to 
 obtain a teacher. Their Brahmin teacher was persecuted, “ his enemies 
 pursuing him from place to place with great violence. At last they 
 succeeded in getting him to Tanjore, where they accused him to the 
 Bajah of having betrayed their religion, and revealed its most sacred 
 mysteries to the missionaries. The Bajah immediately loaded him with 
 irons and threw him into prison, where he lay for some months.” 
 
330 
 
 Introduction of Christianity into India . 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 The missionaries were greatly interested in the spiritual state of their 
 own countrymen, and had one service weekly with them. Some of the 
 Europeans owned slaves, and consent was obtained of the masters that 
 “these poor outcasts might meet for two hours daily, for instruction.” 
 In less than a year from their arrival, they baptized five adults, slaves of 
 Danish masters. In two years after their arrival, they erected a church, 
 and at its dedication preached, both in Tamil and Portuguese, to a 
 crowded congregation of Christians, Hindus and Mohammedans. The 
 next month, nine adult Hindus were baptized, and in less than a year, 
 several more. The missionaries were greatly encouraged in their work, 
 but their success brought on persecution. From the first, the European 
 residents regarded their enterprise as visionary and absurd, and in defi¬ 
 ance of the injunctions of the King of Denmark, opposed them. The 
 governor, a Norwegian, threw Zeigenbalg into prison, and kept him in 
 close confinement four months, forbidding him the use of pen and paper, 
 and any intercourse whatever with his friends. "When released, he 
 found the converts scattered by persecution and terror. Some were in 
 prison; others banished; some had been beaten with violence, and some 
 put to death. Undaunted, he pursued his work. 4000 crowns were sent 
 him from home in two ships, one of which was wrecked, but the money 
 was recovered and taken back to Copenhagen. The other ship reached 
 Tranquebar, but the boat conveying the money to the shore was in 
 charge of drunken sailors, upset, and the whole was lost. Still these 
 good and brave men persevered, and their labors were remarkably suc¬ 
 cessful. “ Three years and a half after the arrival of the first mission¬ 
 aries, the native Christian community numbered 160 persons.” 
 
 In 1708, Zeigenbalg visited Negapatam, and “the Dutch magistrate 
 sent through the country in all directions, inviting the most learned 
 Brahmins, Sunyasees, etc., to a friendly conference with the missionary 
 on religious subjects. A great assembly convened; the discussion lasted 
 five days, and much information concerning the origin, history, doctrines, 
 etc., of Christianity was diffused among the native population.” 
 
 Zeigenbalg attempted to introduce the Gospel into the dominions of 
 the Rajah of Tanjore, but was stopped in his journey by an order of the 
 Rajah, forbidding Europeans entering his territories without his ex¬ 
 press permission. 
 
 GRUNDLER. 
 
 Grundler joined Ziegenbalg and Plutschau within three years—a mis- 
 sionarv of the same spirit. He labored in the mission for eleven vears 
 with great zeal. A printing press and types, a printer and a physician 
 were added to their establishment. 
 
1878.] 
 
 Protestantism. 
 
 331 
 
 In 1711, the translation of the New Testament into Tamil was 
 finished and soon printed, and also thirty-three works, including a dic¬ 
 tionary, had been prepared. Zeigenbalg’s health having failed, he 
 returned, in 1714, to his native land. His account of the Hindus and 
 the missionary work among them created great interest in England and 
 Germany. In German} 7 , he “ preached to vast crowds, kindling by his 
 presence the zeal of all the mission friends, and moving his audiences 
 as he would, by his glowing appeals.” Kings, princes and prelates gave 
 liberally to the cause. The King of Denmark, who originated the mis¬ 
 sion, took a continued interest in it and generously supported it. 
 George I. assured the missionaries of his great interest in their work, 
 and the Society for Propagating the Gospel, and the Society for Pro¬ 
 moting Christian Knowledge assisted with money and materials for 
 printing the Scriptures and other works. 
 
 Zeigenbalg returned to India, but died in 1719, after an illness of a 
 few weeks, aged thirty-six, having spent thirteen years in that country. 
 “Three hundred and fifty-five converts and a numerous body of cate¬ 
 chumens mourned over his loss. He had been the guiding spirit of the 
 mission, every department of which, through all the vicissitudes which 
 it had undergone, having felt the influence of his enthusiasm, his patience 
 and his love. He labored with the inspiration of an apostle, and with 
 the elasticity of a man determined to rise above every obstacle.” “ The 
 history of the propagation of the Gospel,” says Dr. Allen, “ shows few 
 such men as Ziegenbalg: few have labored with such singleness of 
 purpose, and seen their labors so much blessed; few were ever more 
 beloved in life or lamented in death. And when the Great Head of the 
 Church on earth was pleased to remove him to higher service in the 
 temple above, the converts he had baptized, the seminary and schools 
 he had established, the Scriptures he had translated, the dictionary, 
 grammar and numerous other works he had made, long continued to be 
 witnesses of his ability, industry, zeal and devotedness.” 
 
 During the absence of Zeigenbalg, the mission was conducted by 
 Grundler, Plutschau being in Germany, whither he had gone to lay 
 before the King of Denmark the incessant disputes between the mis¬ 
 sionaries and the Danish Governor. Grundler died a little more than a 
 year after Ziegenbalg. Both he buried in the large mission church 
 opened two years before Ziegenbalg’s death. Small marble slabs in the 
 walls bear brief inscriptions to their memory. “The antiquated building, 
 the tablets and gravestones, the old pulpit with its huge sounding- 
 board, the antique seats and contracted vestry remain standing to the 
 
332 
 
 Introduction of Christianity into India. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 present day.” On the death of these two men, the enemies of the mis¬ 
 sion predicted that it would become extinct. But it continued to 
 prosper under 
 
 SCHULTZE AND DAHL, 
 
 who “ devoted themselves with unflagging energy and with wonderful 
 wisdom to the development of those schemes which had been already 
 set on foot.” 
 
 In 1733 a native pastor was ordained, probably the first in India, and 
 named Aaron. He was thirty-five years old, and proved himself consist¬ 
 ent and faithful. 
 
 The Rajah of Tanjore, who had been a bitter enemy of the mission¬ 
 aries, was won by their earnestness and consistency, and threw open his 
 kingdom to the promulgation of the Gospel. 
 
 The government of Tranquebar after a while became in favor of the 
 education of the natives, established schools, and with the approval of 
 Hindus and Mohammedans, placed them in charge of the missionaries. 
 
 In 1726, seven years after the death of Ziegenbalg, the mission num¬ 
 bered 678 converts. 
 
 The missionary work was much retarded by the wars between the 
 English and French, and between these and the native princes. And 
 many Hindus and Mohammedans were greatly prejudiced against Chris¬ 
 tianity by the immoral conduct of the Europeans engaged in these wars. 
 
 Though Tranquebar was the original seat of Protestant missions in 
 India, and for many years was the home of the missionaries, their labors, 
 were not confined to that place. They and their catechists had pro¬ 
 claimed the Gospel in other cities, the Scriptures and tracts had been 
 circulated, and thus a spirit of inquiry had been awakened which pre¬ 
 pared the way for extending the mission. 
 
 Dr. Scliultze was a distinguished linguist, having learned several 
 European languages. He soon made himse]f master of the Tamil, and 
 completed the translation of the Tamil Old Testament begun by Ziegen¬ 
 balg. After eight years’ labor in Tranquebar, he was invited by the 
 Christian Knowledge Society to found a mission in Madras. Here, 
 “ greatly encouraged by the governor and other gentlemen in authority, 
 he preached to all classes, English, Germans, Portuguese and Hindus .” 
 This became a station of the Danish mission, though afterwards was a 
 separate mission. The governor, the members of council, and others, 
 liberally assisted in the purchase of mission premises. Scliultze, besides 
 preaching in various languages, “ translated portions of the Bible into 
 Telugu, and the entire Bible into Hindustani; watched over the pro- 
 
Pi'otestantism. 
 
 333 
 
 1878.] 
 
 gress of several schools; wrote religious tracts; in these and other ways 
 lie exhibited the intense earnestness which inflamed his soul.” A Chris¬ 
 tian church was formed. In one year, 1729, he baptized in Madras 140. 
 Other laborers having joined the mission, there were in 1736, 415 con¬ 
 verts, nine years from its commencement. 
 
 This is now called the Yepery Mission. Schultze labored at Madras 
 fifteen years, and in 1743 embarked for Europe on account of failure of 
 health. “ But the Tamil churches for many years enjoyed, in their com¬ 
 pleted Bible, the fruits of his Indian studies.” 
 
 FABRICIUS, BREITHAUPT AND GERICKE. 
 
 Before his departure Mr. Fabricius arrived, and soon after Mr. Breit- 
 haupt. They bore the burden of that increasing mission for nearly 
 forty years. They died almost at the same time. After the death of 
 Fabricius, Gericke, who had before resided at Cuddalore and Negapa- 
 tam, took charge of the Yepery mission, and presided over it for twelve 
 years. He was a personal friend of Schwartz. The native Christians 
 declare that his were the palmy days of the mission. “ He traveled 
 extensively throughout the Tamil country, everywhere employing his 
 great talents and influence in building up the church of Christ. His 
 missionary career extended to nearly forty years.” 
 
 At the time of Schultze’s departure for Europe the native Christian 
 community of Madras numbered 619, of whom 123 were communicants. 
 This mission was greatly assisted by the English residents of Madras, as 
 well as by the government. 
 
 In 1761 a printing press was connected with the mission. A large 
 proportion of the early converts had been previously Romanists, among 
 whom was a Dominican priest by the name of De Costa, who held fast 
 his Christian profession till his death. A few years ago it was stated 
 that 5000 had been baptized since the origin of the mission, that many 
 hundred children had received a good Christian education, and that the 
 Scriptures and many useful religious works had been published in the 
 native languages. 
 
 In 1737 a third mission was established at Cuddalore, between Tran- 
 quebar and Madras. 
 
 SARTORIUS AND KIERNANDER. 
 
 I 
 
 It was occupied by Mr. Sartorius, then stationed at Madras, who 
 however died the following year. “ He was an accomplished scholar, 
 and spoke Tamil like a Brahmin.” Mr. Kiernander joined the mission 
 in 1740, “a man of great zeal and generosity in the cause of missions. 
 
334 
 
 Introduction of Christianity into India. 
 
 [Nov,, 
 
 When the fort was besieged by the French in 1746, he remained at his 
 post, continuing steadily in his labors so far as practicable, and his con¬ 
 gregations greatly increased.” 
 
 SCHWARTZ. 
 
 We come now to a very important period of the history of these early 
 missions, when Schwartz entered upon his labors in India. Among the 
 many able and faithful German and Danish missionaries of India, Chris¬ 
 tian Frederic Schwartz, who arrived the 30th of July, 1750, stands pre¬ 
 eminent. He began his work in Tranquebar. In 1751 he prepared two 
 separate classes for baptism. In that year 400 persons, old and young, 
 were added by baptism to the Tamil congregation alone. The most 
 prosperous period of the Tranquebar mission was at the time of its 
 fiftieth anniversary in 1756. Special services were held to commemo¬ 
 rate the event, when the eight missionaries present reviewed the history 
 of the mission. Schwartz had been there but six years, and was one of 
 the junior members. Eleven thousand persons, during the half century, 
 had been baptized into the faith of the Gospel, many of whom had lived 
 consistent Christian lives, and died in hope. 
 
 Cuddalore having been captured by the French troops, in conse¬ 
 quence of which the Christians were dispersed, and the mission work 
 suspended, it was determined to establish a new mission at Calcutta, 
 and in 1758 Mr. Kiernander removed thither. This was the year after 
 the battle of Plassey, which gave England its first firm footing in India. 
 Kiernander was cordially received by Clive and his Council, who were 
 not afraid of having Christianity introduced into India. An account of 
 his labors there will be given hereafter. 
 
 In 1760 Schwartz visited Ceylon, having received a special invitation 
 from the Christians of that island. He spent three months in Ceylon, 
 preaching earnestly among Christians and heathen. In 1761 he and his; 
 friend Kohlhoff made a missionary tour to Cuddalore and Madras; and 
 in the next year he went on foot to Tanjore and Trichonopoly. From 
 Tranquebar, where he had resided fourteen years, he went in 1766 to 
 Trichonopoly, which had a short time before fallen into the hands of the 
 English. Here a spacious church was erected holding nearly 2000 
 persons. The next year a mission was established under the auspices 
 of the Christian Knowledge Society. “ Here,” says Mr. Sherring, “ on 
 an income of £48 a year, dressed in dimity dyed black, eating rice and 
 vegetables cooked in native fashion, and living in a room of an old 
 building just large enough to hold himself and his bed, Schwartz 
 devoted himself, with the utmost simplicity, combined with an entliu- 
 
Protestantism. 
 
 335 
 
 1878.] 
 
 siasm which consumed him, to his apostolic duties among the inhabi¬ 
 tants of the city and neighborhood.” 
 
 In ten years he had baptized in Trichonopoly 1238. Committing the 
 mission to Mr. Polile, an excellent missionary, who conducted it till his 
 death in 1818,- a period of forty years, Schwartz went to Tanjore with 
 the view of founding a new mission. We cannot follow this remarkable 
 man in all his labors. In Tanjore he had great success. The mission 
 was not actually established until 1776. In 1780 he wrote to a friend 
 that he had two churches in Tanjore. He was highly esteemed by the 
 English Government, and by it was employed in important political 
 transactions with the native princes. He was sent on an embassy to 
 ‘the haughty, powerful and tyrannical Hyder Ali. Hyder had stated 
 that he was willing to receive Schwartz in their name. “ Let them send 
 me the Christian,” he said, meaning Schwartz, “he will not deceive me.” 
 Though a Mohammedan, yet so much regard had he for Schwartz, that 
 he issued orders to his officers to let the “ venerable padre Schwartz go 
 wherever he pleased in his army, his encampment and the country 
 around.” Any European not in the prince’s service found there, while 
 the war was raging with the English, would have been instantly killed. 
 In various ways he rendered great service also to the Rajah, his family, 
 and subjects, as well as to the English, obtaining the approbation of all 
 parties. In many ways the Rajah showed his high regard for him. A 
 few hours before his death, he requested Schwartz to act as guardian to 
 his adopted son. Refusing at first, Schwartz afterwards, at the earnest 
 solicitation of the Government of Madras, accepted the trust. And 
 when this adopted child was put aside from the rule of Tanjore with 
 the sanction of the Governor of Madras, in favor of the brother of the 
 late Rajah, Schwartz brought the matter before the governor-general, 
 and the Court of Directors reversed the decision of the governor, and 
 placed the adopted son upon the throne. Lord Teignmoutli, governor- 
 general, speaks of him as one “ who as a preacher of the Christian 
 faith, and a man without influence except from character, was held in 
 such estimation by the late Rajah, a Hindu prince, approaching to his 
 dissolution, that he thought him the fittest person he could consult con¬ 
 cerning the management of his country during the minority of his 
 adopted son, Serfogee.” 
 
 At his death in Februarv, a long and bitter cry of lamentation arose 
 from multitudes. “ The funeral of Schwartz was delayed a little beyond 
 the appointed time in consequence of Serfogee Rajah wishing to look 
 once more on him before the coffin was closed. He bedewed the corpse 
 with tears, covered it with a cloth of gold, and accompanied it to the 
 
336 
 
 Introduction of Christianity into India . [Xov., 
 
 grave.” He erected a monument to him in the church at Tanjore, 
 where Schwartz had so long preached the Gospel. Schwartz had a 
 thorough knowledge of the Tamil language, and could converse also in 
 Persian and Mahratti. He died in 1798, having spent forty-eight years 
 as a missionary in Tranquebar, Triclionopoly and Tanjore. 
 
 Several years ago, when connected with the Ceylon Mission, I visited 
 Tanjore. Here I found the Rev. Mr. Brotherton, and the Rev. Mr., or, 
 as he was generally called, Father Kohlhoff. He was the friend and 
 colleague of Schwartz, and of him Hr. Buchanan wrote, “ Mr. Kohlhoff 
 is first in piety, in ardor, in meekness, and in knowledge of Tamil.” 
 
 The city of Tanjore, the capital of the district, had a population of 
 80,000. A native Rajah resided there at the time of my visit. He was 
 the son of Serf ogee, the Rajah whom Schwartz brought up. Much 
 might be said concerning this ancient heathen city that greatly inter¬ 
 ested me. But what gives the greatest interest to the place is the fact 
 that Schwartz labored and died here as a missionary of the Lord Jesus. 
 
 The Rajah of Tanjore, who was brought up by Schwartz, in a letter 
 to the Society for Promoting of Christian Knowledge, proposes to erect 
 a monument in the church, “ To manifest the great esteem I have for 
 the character of that great and good man, and the gratitude I owe him, 
 my father, my friend, the protector and guardian of my youth. May 
 you ever be enabled to send to this country such missionaries as are 
 like the Rev. Mr. Schwartz.” 
 
 The Court of Directors of the East India Company testify to “ his 
 transcendent merit, to his unwearied and disinterested labors in the 
 cause of religion, and the exercise of the purest and most exalted 
 benevolence.” 
 
 In a letter written near the close of his life he says, “ Death hath lost 
 its sting.” A short time before he died he said, “Had it pleased Him 
 to spare me longer, I should have been able to speak yet a word to the 
 sick and poor; but Thy will be done.” He suddenly expired in the 
 arms of his faithful Tamil fellow-laborers, in the seventy-second year of 
 his age. 
 
 The small chapel in which he was interred, outside of the fort, has 
 been demolished, and a large one erected. In that, I preached to a 
 large and attentive native congregation. The grave is behind the 
 pulpit, covered with a marble slab, with the following English inscrip¬ 
 tion, not written by the Rajah, as Dr. Buchanan states, but by a friend 
 and submitted to him : 
 
1878.] 
 
 Protestantism. 
 
 337 
 
 “ Sacred to tlie Memory of 
 Christian Frederick Schwartz, 
 
 Missionary to the Honorable Society for Propagating Christian 
 
 Knowledge, London, 
 
 "Who died at Tanjore, 13 Feb., 1798, 
 
 Aged 71 years, 4 months.” 
 
 The church within the fort, where he preached, is still in a good state, 
 and service is conducted by a native catechist. In the wall opposite the 
 pulpit is a beautiful marble monument by Flaxman, erected at the 
 expense of the Rajah. The design represents the closing scene of the 
 life of the missionary. He is surrounded by a group of the infant pupils 
 to whom he gave an asylum in his house. One of the children clasps 
 his hand; Gericke, in his clerical robes, stands at the head of the bed 
 with the Bible open in his hand ; Schwartz, a little raised, is looking at 
 the cross, which is borne by a descending angel. The Rajah is looking 
 on with deep interest, and two attendants near him stand on either 
 side, lovingly pressing the hand of the dying saint; three small European 
 lads, hanging on each other’s necks, stand weeping near the foot of the 
 bed; underneath is a long and interesting inscription. 
 
 A marble monument to Schwartz was erected also by the East India 
 Company, in St. Mary’s Church, Madras. 
 
 The whole number of missionaries at the different stations of these 
 missions, during the first hundred years of their history, is about 50, 
 and their converts number more than 50,000. 
 
 At the close of the last century, pecuniary support from Denmark and 
 Germany having failed, these missions became dependent on England, 
 and most of the native Christians formerly connected with the Danish and 
 German missions are now under the care of the English Propagation 
 Society. The Leipzic Missionary Society, in 1841, sent missionaries to 
 Tranquebar to revive the old Lutheran missions established by the 
 Danish missionaries. Their missions are large and numerous in the 
 provinces of Tanjore, Triclionopoly, Coimbatoor and Arcot. They have 
 at present 87 congregations; a Christian community of 9265 persons, 
 scattered over 409 towns and villages ; 76 native lay preachers, and 4 
 ordained native ministers. Their great success, however, may be 
 ascribed in part to their tolerance of caste in the churches, in part to 
 their efforts to proselyte Christians from other missions in their neigh¬ 
 borhood. 
 
 We close this first period of Protestant missions in India with the 
 following remarks of Dr. Mullens concerning the character and work of 
 
338 For. Missions of the Ref. Pres. Church in N. America. [Nov., 
 
 tlie missionaries : “ Whatever deficiencies there were, we must remember 
 that the Lutheran missionaries were the very first to occupy the land; 
 the first to find out what Hinduism really is; the first to oppose caste ; 
 the first to exhibit the peculiar character of the Hindu converts; the 
 first to meet the difficulties by which the work of Christ in India is 
 beset. To these men, then, we must render high honor, as we admire 
 the fidelity, consistency and perseverance with which they carried on 
 their labors. They lived not in the days of missionary reports and plat¬ 
 form speeches. No magazine chronicled their difficulties or sought 
 sympathy on their behalf. Scarcely a man of them ever returned to 
 Europe. They came to India young ; in India they lived ; in India they 
 died. They lived amid wars and raids, amidst plunder and confusion ; 
 they lived in an age of gross irreligion, and they fought their part man¬ 
 fully to the last. Honor to their memory.” 
 
 ART. II.—FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE REFORMED PRESBY¬ 
 TERIAN CHURCH IN NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Oun latest report of the foreign work of this church is dated June 
 15th, 1877. 
 
 The home strength of the church is— 
 
 Churches, ......... 
 
 Ministers, ......... 
 
 Communicants, ........ 
 
 The sum contributed to foreign missions, 
 
 This, with items from other sources, made the total income, 
 And with balance of previous year, the total amount for the 
 year was, .......... 
 
 The expenditures of the year .were, ..... 
 
 Leaving a balance in hand of, ..... 
 
 107 
 
 100 
 
 10,101 
 
 $7,966.00 
 
 $10,900.51 
 
 $13,86487 
 
 $9,901.03 
 
 $3,463.84 
 
 The entire sum used seems to have been expended directly on the 
 foreign work—none whatever on home officers or even incidentals. 
 
 It will indicate somewhat the comparative interest of different 
 denominations when we say that if the Presbyterian Church (North), 
 with its 557,674 communicants, reported an ^income for foreign mis¬ 
 sions in like proportion to its communicants, that income would be 
 not less than $601,708. And if our Baptist brethren of the Mission- 
 
1878.] For. Missions of the United Pres. Church in N. America. 339 
 
 ary Union enlarged their income for foreign missions in like propor¬ 
 tion to their communicants, they would have an income of §711,803 
 with which to sustain and push forward their work among the 
 heathen. Other branches of the church can make similar comparisons 
 for themselves. 
 
 And will any one tell us the secret of this small branch of the 
 church giving to foreign missions in so much larger proportion to its 
 membership than do most of our larger denominations ? 
 
 The only foreign mission of this church is in Syria, at Latakiyeh, 
 and Antioch. 
 
 This church maintains missions among the Freedmen, and among 
 the Chinese immigrants of California, but very properly classifies 
 them in the home work. 
 
 Its ordained missionaries sent to Syria are, 
 Laymen “ “ “ 
 
 Missionary women “ “ 
 
 Ordained natives, .... 
 
 Licensed natives, . 
 
 Other native helpers, .... 
 Native communicants, . . . . 
 
 Scholars in the different schools, . 
 
 4 
 
 not stated. 
 
 85 
 
 278 
 
 This report speaks of severe affliction in the death of Mrs. Martin 
 and Mrs. Metheny and two children of the mission; and of great 
 apprehensions and excitement from the political status in Turkey. 
 And yet it was a year of unusual prosperity in the mission—27 being 
 added to the church, 12 them from the Ansaireyeh. 
 
 A missionary society was organized by the native Christians for 
 schools and Christian work among the Ansaireyeh, and nearly §100 
 contributed. 
 
 ART. III.—FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED PRESBYTE¬ 
 RIAN CHURCH IN NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 The latest annual report of the Board of Foreign Missions of this 
 church is for 1877-8, the year ending April 30th, 1878. It is called 
 the Nineteenth Annual Report, which refers the origin of the board 
 
340 For. Missions of the United Pres. Church in N. America. [Nov., 
 
 to 1858, though we notice its missions in Egypt and India originated 
 in 1854 and 1855. 
 
 The home force of this church is— 
 
 Total ministers, . . . . . . . . . 657 
 
 Total number of congregations, . . . . . . 791 
 
 Total church members reported, . . . . . . 78,748 
 
 It is creditable to this church that its gifts to foreign missions in 
 1876-7 amounted to §74,000. But during the past year there has 
 been a serious falling off. The total income of the foreign board is 
 only §47,551.01. 
 
 “Not a single new missionary has been sent forth to the work, and in 
 scarcely any month has the treasurer been able to meet the demands 
 upon him for indebtedness, or for current expenses.” 
 
 Great changes, also, have been made during the year. The Syrian 
 Mission, begun in 1843 jointly with the Irish Presbyterian Foreign 
 Board, has been transferred wholly to that board, and with it one of 
 their missionaries, the Bev. John Crawford. 
 
 The mission of this board in Canton, China, has also been given 
 up, and the missionary, Bev. J. C. Nevin, transferred to Los Angeles, 
 California. And we see it is the purpose of the church to place this 
 new mission very properly under care of the Board of Home Missions. 
 
 This leaves the foreign board in charge of only two missions. 
 
 1. Egypt. —Begun in 1854. 
 
 Principal stations,.. 4 
 
 Out-stations, ......... 35 
 
 Ordained missionaries, ........ 8 
 
 Missionary ladies, ........ 14 
 
 Ordained native ministers, ....... 4 
 
 Licensed native ministers, ....... 7 
 
 Other native teachers and helpers, . . . . . . 96 
 
 Communicants (125 of whom were received the past year), . 845 
 
 Of the 1561 pupils in schools, 51 are boarding scholars, 75 in col¬ 
 lege, and 11 theological students. The contributions of the natives 
 the past year have amounted to the large sum of §5044, besides §2899 
 paid in tuition fees. 
 
1878.] For. Missions of the United Pres. Church in N. America. 341 
 
 2. India .—Four principal and six sub-stations. The oldest station, 
 Sealkote, was begun in 1855. 
 
 Ordained missionaries, ........ 4 
 
 Missionary ladies, . 4 
 
 Ordained natives, ......... 2 
 
 Native teachers and helpers, ....... 21 
 
 Communicants (40 of whom were received in the year), . . 211 
 
 Of the 1174 pupils in this mission, 14 are theological students, and 
 the rest are day-scholars. The native contributions $50, and tuition 
 fees $205. The statistical table of this report is clear and full—a 
 pattern worthy of imitation. The reader can see at a glance that this 
 board has in all— 
 
 Ordained foreign missionaries, 
 Missionary women, 
 
 Ordained natives, 
 
 Licensed natives, 
 
 Other native teachers and helpers, 
 Communicants, 
 
 Children in schools, 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 117 
 
 1,056 
 
 2,735 
 
 We need hardly call attention to the remarkable progress and 
 results in this mission in Egypt. And yet it has had to contend with 
 many obstacles and discouragements, and often with bitter persecution. 
 In the early progress of the work, repeated attempts were made to 
 terrify the people and stop the work entirely. One favoring provi¬ 
 dence was the marriage of the ex-Prince from India, Duleep Singh, 
 to one of the pupils, then a teacher, of the mission school at Cairo, 
 some 16 years ago. This led to his generous annual gifts to the 
 mission which have amounted in all to some $80,000. The fact of this 
 marriage is of interest in connection with the following instance of 
 persecution related by one of the missionaries, the Rev. Dr. Lansing, 
 some years ago, at the Mildmay Conference in London. 
 
 “ The patriarch went up the river Nile in a government steamer, em¬ 
 powered by the government to crush the Protestants out of the land. 
 This he sought to do by burning Bibles, imprisoning some of the con¬ 
 verts and expatriating others. At last he found that all these methods 
 would not answer, as the good work continued to spread, so he entered 
 
342 For. Missions of the United Pres. Church in N. America. [Nov., 
 
 into a conspiracy by which the leaders were to be seized and banished 
 to the White Nile—which means to be put into chains or bags and 
 thrown into the White Nile. They had six weeks’ notice of what was 
 intended, and they used every means to prevent its accomplishment. 
 They approached the government of this country, and of Protestant 
 Prussia, and also wrote to the Maharanee Duleep Singh, wdio used her 
 influence with others. All that could be done by earthly politicians was 
 done, but all was done in vain. That noble lady, however, not only 
 made application to earthly governors, but, through a friend, she sent 
 to the Mildmay Conference an account of these persecutions, and of the 
 position of those pastors. Here, in the conference hall, all bowed down 
 before God, and asked Him to deliver those poor captives far away in 
 Egypt. Now what took place ? After all the resources of the govern¬ 
 ment had been exhausted; after the diplomatic agent of England had 
 plead in vain for their lives, these wretched men were actually put on 
 board a little boat, in the hold of which lay the chains in which they 
 were to be bound, yet they sang, as did Paul and Silas of old, and the 
 mountains rang with the voice of praise. What happened ? God sent 
 a strong south wind, a most unusual, almost an unprecedented thing at 
 that time of year. This wind so delayed the vessel that it took four 
 days to reach a certain point, which otherwise it should have passed at 
 a much earlier period. Here the boat was flailed from the government 
 house. ‘Send the men here.’ ‘No, I won’t; I have my orders.’ ‘And 
 I have mine.’ The order for their release was examined and found to 
 be of subsequent date. A man mounted on a swift camel had hurried 
 across the tongue of land, and owing to the delay caused by the wind, 
 had been in time to stop the boat and save their lives. ‘ Give me,’ he 
 said, ‘ a present, and I will ride to your home and tell the good news.’ 
 They did so, and he carried the tidings to the mourning church, which 
 had been praying and fasting many days. That deliverance we could not 
 account for at the time, but long after we found that it was coincident 
 with the very day on which prayer was made in Mildmay Hall for the 
 persecuted Protestants of Egypt.” 
 
 This is but one instance out of many where severe persecution lias 
 been visited upon converts to the Christian faith. Two converts were 
 recently bastinadoed so severely that one of them died from his suffer¬ 
 ings, for which no redress has yet been reported. The converts 
 hitherto have been mostly from the lapsed churches, Coptic, Greek, 
 Abyssinian and Armenian. It has been a question of grave interest 
 whether Moslems of social rank and position could profess faith in 
 
1878.] For. Missions of the United Pres. Church in N. America. 343 
 
 Christ and escape death. One case bearing on this point has recently 
 occurred, and appears in the report of the Cairo station the past year, 
 as follows: 
 
 “Ahmed Falimy, the one whom we have now received, is of a respect¬ 
 able Moslem family, his father being a man of wealth and position, and 
 the family connection large and influential. Three of the five sons were 
 educated in our mission school. Ahmed, besides, too^: a pretty thorough 
 course of instruction in the Azhar—the great Mohammedan university 
 here—but for the past two years had had partial employment with us 
 in the school, and teaching the young ladies Arabic. After being led to 
 doubt the truth of Islam, he chiefly carried on his studies in private, 
 though his frequent questions showed that his mind was at work. 
 Still it was to us all a surprise when we received from him a letter, 
 announcing himself a Christian and giving the history and reasons of 
 his change. Knowing that he could not in safety profess Christianity 
 in his father’s house, he came to our house on the 12th of November, 
 and on the 25tli was baptized. Never has so touching a scene been 
 witnessed in our little congregation here. All felt that he had given up 
 all and much for Christ, and that he was sincere. As his defection from 
 the religion of his fathers was already well known, there was no little 
 excitement and stir in the city. His relatives and many of his Moslem 
 friends called on him and did all they could, by arguments, entreaties, 
 tears and threats, to induce him to recant his new faith. At length, on 
 December 20th, when we had begun to flatter ourselves that the battle 
 had been fought, he was kidnapped just beside the mission-house, at 
 sunset, being seized and thrust into a close carriage, and carried away. 
 The American and English consuls-general immediately and earnestly 
 interceded with the government of his Highness the Khedive, in his 
 behalf, and obtained assurances that Ahmed was safe in his father’s 
 house. He remained there, under the strict surveillance of his relations, 
 for nearly five weeks, during which time, by alternate kindness and 
 threats, he was so pressed to return to the faith of Islam that at length 
 he feigned to yield, though it was understood by his friends that he was 
 still in heart a Christian. The story is a long and thrillinglv interesting 
 one, but in a merely synoptical report we cannot enter into details^ 
 except further to say that on January 16th he escaped from his father’s 
 house, and again took refuge with us. The government now assured 
 the consuls that orders had been given to its officials and to the relatives 
 that no harm should be done to him, and that should the threats of 
 assassination, which had been freely vented by them, be executed, they 
 
344 For. Missions of the United Pres. Church in N. America. [Nov., 
 
 would be lielcl responsible ; but at the same time we were informed that 
 they ‘ would not assure his safety, as they could not send with him a 
 company of soldiers whenever he should go out into the streets.’ This, 
 together with their failure to punish those guilty of his abduction and 
 forcible retention in his father’s house, and also to secure his rights, 
 such as the restoration of his books and clothes, and other developments 
 which we cannot mention, made him feel that it would not be safe to 
 venture out into the streets alone, and at length, unnerved by five 
 months’ confinement with us and in his father’s house, under circum¬ 
 stances of peculiar trial, he was glad to accept the kind offer of the Earl 
 of Aberdeen to take him to Scotland, far away from his persecutors, and 
 also to give him an opportunity to pursue his studies and preparation 
 for future .usefulness at St. Andrew’s University. He sailed from Alex¬ 
 andria March 24th, and much endeared to us all by our intercourse with 
 him, he has gone accompanied by our hearts’ affections and prayers on 
 his behalf. Though this case has not secured all that could be desired 
 on the question of religious toleration, we feel that it is a great advance 
 on the past.” 
 
 For the financial status of this board, see page 259 of this Review. 
 The voluntary service of its officers, from love to Christ and the souls 
 of the perishing, is worthy of commendation; and yet we commend 
 to all our churches, and more especially to our foreign missionary 
 boards and to their officers—some of them with salaries four and even 
 five times the average salary of the pastors of the churches which 
 sustain these boards—to the thoughtful and and prayerful considera¬ 
 tion of all such we commend the candid and Christian declaration of 
 the last General Assembly of this United Presbyterian Church, viz.: 
 
 “ It is entirely equitable for the church to allow her officers no pecu¬ 
 niary compensation for important and sometimes laborious services. 
 Members and officers of congregations and sessions, presbyteries and 
 synods, colleges and theological seminaries, owe it, we believe, to the 
 church and to Christ to discharge duties that may involve more or less 
 attention, time and effort, free of charge. And it is a fact that many in 
 the United Presbyterian Church are gratuitously, and with apparently 
 entire cordiality, performing services which, in secular relations, would 
 be worth considerable compensation.” 
 
 We thank this general assembly for this Christian utterance. It 
 comes none too soon. The officers of our benevolent and missionary 
 
1878.] For. Missions of the Prot. Epis. Church in the U. S. A. 345 
 
 societies need it. To “ live of the gospel/’ need not be perverted into 
 the modern visage of making avowed service for Christ and the 
 church a reason for voting or receiving salaries many times larger 
 than the average salary of gospel preachers. And is it not a fact, that 
 for all the benevolent and Christian work of the church, especially for 
 all our foreign missionary boards, there are ministers and laymen in 
 ample numbers, who would gladly serve as secretaries, treasurers and 
 clerks, without any compensation, the love of Christ constraining 
 them, and securing the fidelity, zeal and energy which love only can 
 enlist ? 
 
 ART. IV.—-FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCO¬ 
 PAL CHURCH IN THE UNITE© STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 The latest report of the Board of Missions of this church, dated 
 October, 1877, is designated “ Proceedings of the Forty-Second An¬ 
 nual and Fourteenth Triennial Meeting/’ which refers the origin of 
 the board to 1836, though the mission in Greece was planned in 1830, 
 and Dr. and Mrs. Hill began it in 1831. 
 
 The home force of this church, by the best data we have, is— 
 clergy, 3272; communicants, 302,000. 
 
 We observe, however, the board of missions estimates the baptized 
 members of this church at 500,000, and considers another 100,000 as 
 so identified with their church as to make the number of contributors 
 from whom to estimate contributions to the church, 600,000. 
 
 The amount contributed to foreign missions the past year, $114,976.27 
 Debt at close of the year, ...... $18,484.12 
 
 Whole number of parishes, . 2,900 
 
 Number of parishes contributing to foreign missions, . 1,184 
 
 The missions of this church are in Africa, China, Japan and 
 Haiti, with schools in Greece and Palestine. We find inthe report 
 no one table gathering up the important statistics of these missions, 
 and are foiled in our attempt to ascertain with precision even 
 the number of ordained clergymen sent out from America and sus- 
 
346 For. Missions of the Prot. Epis. Church in the U. S. A. [Nov., 
 
 tained in the foreign fields. The result of prolonged efforts, with 
 little confidence of strict accuracy, is— 
 
 Missionary bishops, ........ 4 
 
 Ordained American missionaries, ..... 17 
 
 Native ministers (presbyters and deacons), ... 21 
 
 Medical missionaries (Americans), ..... 2 
 
 Missionary ladies (Americans), ...... 16 
 
 Native catechists and teachers, ...... 62 
 
 Native communicants, ........ 842 
 
 Scholars in the various schools, ..... 1,612 
 
 We are glad to see this church holding on to its work in West 
 Africa, where, despite all discouragements, it has 1 bishop, 3 Ameri¬ 
 can missionaries, 3 American missionary ladies, 4 ordained African 
 ministers, 2 doctors, 13 native catechists and teachers, and 279 com¬ 
 municants. May Bishop Penick and his co workers find growing 
 interest in their work, and blessings from God in larger measure. 
 
 In China, too, this church has 1 missionary bishop, 3 American 
 ordained missionaries, 1 American doctor, 7 American missionary 
 ladies, 4 native ministers, some 26 native catechists and teachers, and 
 187 native communicants. 
 
 In Japan are 1 missionary bishop, 4 American missionaries, 1 doc¬ 
 tor, 4 American ladies, 1 native minister, 8 native catechists and 
 teachers, and 28 communicants. The report speaks of “ the trial of 
 faith and patience,” and of u the defection of some of the native con¬ 
 verts through the rationalistic or infidel teachings of Japanese who 
 have been educated in Europe and America, and have gained positions 
 of power and influence in the new educational system of Japan.” The 
 native communicants reported are ten less than a year previous. 
 
 In Haiti are reported 1 missionary bishop, 12 native ministers, 4 
 candidates, 8 lay readers, and 348 communicants. The salaries of 
 only the “ bishop and eight others of the clergy” are provided by 
 this board of missions, the rest of the work being self-sustaining. 
 
 Bishop Holly mentions the strange fact that at Gonaives, in the 
 northern province of Haiti, “ the gospel has been preached for more 
 than thirty years by Wesleyan, Baptist and Episcopal missionaries, 
 without one convert belonging to the locality embracing the truth as 
 it is in Jesus.” 
 
1878.] For. Missions of the Prot. Epis. Church in the U. S. A. 347 
 
 In Greece, Miss Muir reports her interesting school of 620 pupils, 
 with Jewish children “ in every class, learning all the scripture lessons 
 with the Christian children.” 
 
 In Palestine, the school at Joppa reports 53 pupils. We confess to 
 a very special sympathy in the loss to this board of missions by the 
 death of Miss Baldwin, after a service so long and faithful—from 
 1835. We had the pleasure, in 1875, of seeing her, her sister, Mrs. 
 May; their head teacher, Mr. Murad, and of examining their interest¬ 
 ing school and work, and we regret to see, in this report, no provision 
 for the continuance of the work at Joppa, beyond January 1st, 1878. 
 The only point in all Palestine occupied by this church, how can our 
 .Episcopal brethren give it up ? 
 
 In thus glancing at these foreign fields, let all readers bear distinctly 
 in mind that this Protestant Episcopal Church has wisely limited its 
 foreign missions to foreign lands. The American Indians, Chinese 
 immigrants, freedmen, and even Mexico and Arizona, are cared for 
 by the domestic board or separate committees. There is a fitness and 
 wisdom in this arrangement which we hope will soon be appreciated 
 .and acted upon by all other branches of the Church. 
 
 FINANCES. 
 
 The total income of this Board of Foreign Missions, for the year 
 •ending September 1st, 1877, as given above, was $114,976.27. It 
 deserves notice that this was the income of only eleven months, owing 
 to a change in the close of the fiscal year, and yet the largest income 
 in any one year since 1865. Of this sum, ($114,976.27,) the women’s 
 auxiliary furnished $7436.81. For the monthly and miscellaneous 
 publications of this board, (one of them now discontinued,) we notice 
 an expenditure of $3232.82, directly from mission funds. This is 
 just as objectionable as is the expenditure of $4479 by the Presby¬ 
 terian Foreign Board, and the $4525 by the American Board, out of 
 mission funds, for their publications. We feel certain there is “a more 
 excellent way.” 
 
 SALARIES. 
 
 Here we are left quite too much in the dark. One item of the 
 report (page 25) is, u Salaries of secretaries and clerk hire, $6690.82.” 
 How many secretaries and how many clerks we are not told. The 
 
348 For. Missions of the Prot. Fpis. Church in the IT. S. A. [Nov.,, 
 
 vicious practice of some other mission boards of printing expenditures- 
 in large aggregates and only receipts in detail, appears also in this 
 report. Receipts for all the board occupy some thirty pages, and the 
 expenditures on foreign missions about half a page. This ought not 
 so to be, and we do not see how our Christian laymen and the Church 
 at large are to come properly up to this work till this feature of our 
 missionary accounts is wholly changed. Our Baptist brethren and 
 most of the European societies have adopted the wiser and better 
 course. Accord all the confidence possible: if the worthy managers 
 of these boards can be trusted to report aggregates of $25,000, $75,000' 
 and $90,000, with no details, why not be trusted to report the entire 
 expenditure of the year in one aggregate ? The auditors themselves, 
 in some cases, members of the boards, are as good a security against 
 mistakes in the latter as in the former case. 
 
 Of the income of the year, (11 months,) viz., . . $114,976 27 
 
 The expenditure on the six missions, with a 
 
 special grant to Mexico, is $71,852 38 
 
 For debt of previous year, .... 23,105 26 
 
 For home charges—interest account, special 
 funds, publications, salaries, rent, office ex¬ 
 penses, &c., ...... 20,018 63 
 
 -$114,976 27 
 
 The care exercised by this board and its officers to repress expendi¬ 
 ture, and to wipe out and prevent debt, though painful, is worthy of 
 commendation; but how much better for the Church at once to quad¬ 
 ruple her gifts to this holiest branch of her work. 
 
 The action of the Episcopal Board of Missions on “the exclusion 
 of our American Indians from the benefit of law,” deserves all possible 
 prominence. Its language is : 
 
 “ It seems scarcely credible that an enlightened and Christian nation 
 should tolerate moral and social evils so fearful and sad as we are forced 
 to believe do exist among our Indian tribes, chiefly and solely because 
 having been compelled to set aside whatever of rude laws of their own 
 these tribes may have had, our government withholds from them the 
 civil laws and the courts and magistrates absolutely necessary in any 
 orderly society. While it is true that this evil state of things has come 
 out of a mistaken policy, not out of any willful iniquity, it is none the 
 less true that justice and mercy demand a prompt reconsideration and 
 
1878.] For. Missions of the Prot. Epis. Church in the U. S. A. 349 
 
 •correction of the wrong policy of the government—or rather of the 
 absence of government—heretofore pursued in the case of our Indian 
 tribes. In the present lawless condition of the Indians, even on the 
 reservations, it becomes exceedingly difficult—in many cases almost im¬ 
 possible—to civilize and Christianize tribes that ought to be the wards 
 of the nation, restrained, protected and educated by just laws, uprightly 
 and efficiently administered.” 
 
 We wonder every church in America does not take similar action, 
 and give our national government no rest till a juster policy is adopted. 
 The present policy is an outrage on humanity, to be paralleled only 
 by the importation of European liquors for the degradation and 
 murder of West Africans, and of Indian opium for the destruction of 
 the Chinese! 
 
 The ringing words of this foreign committee, on the distinction 
 between home and foreign work, ought also to be kept ringing in the 
 ■ears and pressing on the hearts of every branch of Christ’s Church : 
 
 “ The minister of this church who finds himself on a heathen shore 
 teaching the gospel to the ignorant pagan who has never heard of 
 Christ, is confessedly in a far different position from that of him who is 
 one of several persons endeavoring to attract the members of the Chris¬ 
 tian community to what each considers the best form of doctrine or 
 .service. 
 
 “In one western town of about 1,200 people, there are to-day thirteen 
 •differing denominations of the common faith. Surely no one can fail to 
 perceive at once the vast difference between the clergyman who repre¬ 
 sents our church in this town, and the missionary who finds himself 
 .almost alone in the midst of hundreds of thousands of Chinese or 
 Africans who are ignorant of the simplest elements of Christian ethics. 
 
 “ Granting willingly all that will be claimed by the friends of church 
 extension in the United States or in Mexico, the committee claim that 
 their own work is paramount.” 
 
 In view of the immense fields entered by this church, and the 
 grand possibilities within her reach, contrasted with the strength of 
 her home force and the smallness of her gifts, we are ready to exclaim 
 with Bishop Littlejohn— 
 
 “ If God has not given this branch of His Holy Catholic Church some 
 part in the great work of the world’s evangelization, then it has no right 
 to exist; if He has given to it a part of that work, and it refuses or 
 
Foreign Missionary Periodicals. 
 
 350 
 
 neglects to do it, then I say it does not deserve to exist; and if the latter 
 be true, may God have mercy on us all.” 
 
 Nor in less earnest tones would we echo and re-echo the estimate of 
 this work by Dr. Schenck, in the words of his sermon before this- 
 board, last October, when he exclaimed— 
 
 “ It is the noblest purpose that ever fired a human heart. It is the 
 grandest following that pilgrim foot ever pursued. It is the sublimest 
 service ever rendered by creature to creator. It is the shaping of a 
 destiny which leads the soul along a starry pathway up to immortality 
 and to God. Oh! is not this worth working for, praying for, giving 
 for ? ” 
 
 ART. V.—FOREIGN MISSIONARY PERIODICALS. 
 
 Under title of “The Current Literature of Missions,” The Illus¬ 
 trated Christian Weekly has recently furnished a valuable synopsis of 
 the various periodicals published by the different foreign missionary 
 boards and societies of Christendom. In his issue of August 3d, the 
 editor notices six British missionary periodicals, with some brief ac¬ 
 count of the Evangelical Christendom , The Allgemeine Missions-Zeit — 
 schrift, Dr. Grundemann’s Missions-Atlas, and The Indian Evangelical 
 Pevierv, published at Bombay. Several quite important European 
 missionary periodicals not mentioned in this list, are (1) the foreign 
 missionary organ of our French Protestant brethren ; (2) of the Irish 
 Presbyterian Church; (3) of the Scotch Established Church; and 
 China’s Millions , the latter being the organ of the Inland Mission of 
 China, bringing to view an enterprise of wonderful energy and self- 
 denial, and of rapid growth, some account of which we hope soon to- 
 lay before our readers. There are also The Indian Christian Intelli¬ 
 gencer, an able quarterly, published at Lahore, and The Chinese 
 Recorder and Missionai'y Journal, published at Shanghai, and several 
 others. 
 
 In his issue of August 31st, Dr. Stevenson gives a list of “American 
 Journals of Missions,” rightly giving precedence “in age. circulation,, 
 influence and perhaps quality,” to the Missionary Herald, the able 
 
1878.] 
 
 Foreign Missionary Periodicals. 
 
 351 
 
 and interesting monthly of the A. B. C. F. M. We quite agree also 
 that the Baptist Missionary Magazine stands next, and treads very 
 closelv on the heels of the Herald. He enumerates six other Ameri- 
 can foreign missionary periodicals, besides Woman’s Work for Woman , 
 Life and Light , Heathen Woman’s Friend ', and other organs of our 
 various women’s boards. There are still other American missionary 
 periodicals, as Dr. Stevenson is doubtless aware. 
 
 We commend to our readers these articles in The Illustrated Christian 
 Weekly , not only for the valuable information they give of the various 
 missionary periodicals, but for the sterling views embodied on one or two 
 points in missionary economies. The writer frankly calls in question, 
 or rather disapproves “ the evil habit of paying deficiencies out of the 
 mission treasury” for the expense of printing these periodicals not 
 supplied by subscriptions. This is largely done by all but one of our 
 denominational foreign boards, and the propriety, not to say morality, 
 of the act is certainly open to very grave question. The writer of this 
 article in the Illustrated Christian Weekly well says: 
 
 “ It is a shame to pay out of mission treasuries for what Christian 
 people are to read. The gratuitous distribution of these periodicals 
 cheapens their contents and lowers the cause.” 
 
 Another point is discussed as follows, viz.: 
 
 “ Why have we so many denominational publications, and why have 
 we not one to cover the whole field ? The latter question has been long 
 agitated. As early as 1844 a review was projected to embrace the entire 
 subject of missions, and no less eminent a writer than Isaac Taylor was 
 named for its editor, The prospectus was sent out, but the scheme fell 
 through, because on the whole it was deemed impracticable. 
 
 “ Again, in the Liverpool conference, 1860, the idea was thoroughly 
 debated, and while it was generally conceded that such a review would 
 be useful, no one was found who would undertake to overcome the 
 obstacles that seemed to lie in the way of rendering it successful. The 
 Lev. R. G. Wilder has braved the difficulties which deterred his prede¬ 
 cessors, and has started the bi-monthly Missionary Review, intended to 
 exhibit equally all departments of the world-wide enterprise. The con¬ 
 ception is grand, the field is open, it only needs success to win for the 
 projector grateful praise.” 
 
 If our present subscribers will each renew his subscription and 
 secure us one more subscriber, the success here spoken of will be won 
 
352 
 
 Foreign Missionary Periodicals. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 at once, and The Missionary Review be established on a self-sup¬ 
 porting basis. We have reason to be thankful that its views and 
 aims have been so readily understood and appreciated by intelligent 
 minds. We have not yet attained our beau ideal in the conduct of 
 the Review, and hope to improve it the coming year, and to have 
 the help of able men of all branches of the church, both in kindly 
 suggestions and valuable contributions. 
 
 The kindly and magnanimous spirit in which the secretaries of some 
 of our missionary boards and societies have received our criticisms— 
 sometimes pointed, though always well-meant for the good of this 
 blessed work we all have at heart—has touched our heart not a little, 
 and revived fresh confidence in some of these organizations. They 
 are needed, but need to be modified in their working elements so far 
 as to come upon a basis commanding a much stronger hold and draw¬ 
 ing force on the hearts of all the praying men and women in Chris¬ 
 tendom, enlist more funds and. secure greater efficiency in most of the 
 missions abroad. 
 
 We need not remind our readers that the idea of personal profit has 
 no place in the conduct of this Review. Our great desire is to make 
 it useful and self-supporting. All avails beyond its unavoidable 
 expense are sacred to the enlargement and support of work among the 
 heathen. This idea was fundamental in the first foreign missionary 
 periodicals established in America. The old Panoplist was wholly a 
 private enterprise. When merged and continued in The Missionai'y 
 Herald , that also retained the same private character, though its 
 avails, above expenses, were given to the American board. And it is 
 worthy of prominent notice that so long as it remained private the 
 Herald was entirely self-supporting, and generally made over 
 annual balances to the board, but when it became the recognized 
 organ of the board, and was printed at the expense of the board, 
 it ceased to be self-supporting; and over and above all subscrip¬ 
 tions, it has consumed on itself more than §100,000 of the funds 
 contributed directly for missions among the heathen. The same is 
 true of the organ of the Presbyterian and most other foreign boards; 
 a fact which fully confirms the view of the Illustrated Christian 
 Weekly , that “ the gratuitous distribution of these periodicals cheapens 
 their contents and loioers the cause” they advocate. It is obvious at a 
 glance that if these society and denominational organs were obliged to 
 rely wholly on subscribers; if the use in their support of any funds 
 
1878.] 
 
 Items Showing Progress. 
 
 353 
 
 contributed for missions, was interdicted, two results would inevitably 
 follow: (1.) Some of these periodicals would be edited with more care 
 and ability, and possess more real merit, or cease to exist. (2.) One 
 investing money, brains and heart in a private missionary periodical, 
 would have a better chance to succeed. This better chance any true 
 friend of missions would gladly forego if the cause could be better 
 promoted by gratuitous periodicals. But regarding this as fundamen¬ 
 tally opposed to the very genius of the human mind, as well as to the 
 facts stated above, we move that all funds contributed to the boards be 
 held sacred to the direct work of missions, and that all missionary 
 periodicals depend wholly on subscribers for their support. 
 
 ART. VI.— ITEMS SHOWING PROGRESS. 
 
 Mexico. —Mrs. Hutchinson reports the recent admissions to com¬ 
 munion—32 in Mexico, 20 at Jalapa, 12 in Tampico, and 12 in Vera 
 Cruz. In a town not far from Mexico, 100 were received to com¬ 
 munion, and as many more desired to unite. Two desperadoes came 
 from a neighboring village, and falling into conversation at the public 
 inn with the leading Protestant, they continued the interview all night, 
 and next morning, as they were leaving, they drew out concealed 
 weapons, and told him they came under a vow to kill the leader of this 
 “ infernal Protestantism,” but now they were full of gratitude that they 
 had been kept from the terrible deed, and declared their purpose to 
 bring their companions to listen to the same truths. 
 
 We see it stated of the Bev. Alfred Saker, English Baptist mission¬ 
 ary at the Cameroons, West Africa, that “ the reward of his labors is 
 upwards of 2000 converts; and he has translated the Bible into the 
 language^of the people.” 
 
 Do Foreign Missions Accomplish Anything? —The year we 
 went to India to begin our life-work, dear old Papa Gossner sent out a 
 few missionaries to Chota Nagpore, Central India. They found the 
 people exceedingly rude, ignorant and superstitious. It took them five 
 years of labor to win their first convert, but at length the working of 
 
354 
 
 Items Shoiving Progress. 
 
 [Nov.,, 
 
 the leaven became manifest, and a blessed harvest of souls has been 
 gathered into the church. The Rev. W. Fleming Stevenson, D. D. r 
 Convenor of the Irish Presbyterian foreign missions, on his recent visit 
 to the missions of India, wrote of this mission— 
 
 “ Now, at a bound, we have got into one of the wildest spots, and to 
 me the most intensely interesting in modern India. We are at Ranchi, 
 in the heart of Chota Nagpore, the seat of the German mission which 
 the faith of Gossner planted thirty-three years ago, and sustained 
 through fruitless years of trial, where there are now 40,000 Christians, 
 and 3000 to 4000 were baptized last year! Yet all this has happened 
 so rapidly that I have been talking with the first missionary that came 
 out, and who was five years without a convert.” 
 
 Forty thousand won to Christ from grossest heathenism, by a few 
 German missionaries, in a single generation! Who says foreign 
 missions are of no avail ? 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Parkhurst says, “ In my travels around the world, I 
 sciio not one single new heathen temple. All the pagan worship I saw 
 was in old, dilapidated temples.” A few years ago, the people of 
 Raratonga worshiped 100,000 idol gods; now there is not an idol oil 
 the island, and a young man, born and reared there to the age of nine¬ 
 teen, recently saw in the British Museum the first Raratongan idol he 
 ever beheld. In India are not less than 100,000 communicants in the 
 mission churches. Lord Lawrence’s testimony is, “ The missionaries 
 have done more to benefit India than all other agencies combined.’* 
 Sir Bartle Frere says, “ They are working changes more extraordinary 
 than anything witnessed in modern Europe.” Among 10,000 Fijians* 
 there is not a house without family worship. The London Missionary 
 Society reports, “ The 70 islands under our charge, with their 80,000 
 inhabitants, have all been Christianized; native churches and congre¬ 
 gations have everywhere been established, with institutions for training 
 a native ministry, and the support of all Christian ordinances is thrown 
 almost entirely upon the converts themselves.” • 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Norton, of Central India, reports the recent baptism 
 of 4 Hindus, 10 Gonds and 44 Koorkoos. 
 
 Baptisms among the Telegu Indians. —The Rev. Mr. Clough, 
 of the Baptist Missionary Union, writes from Ongole: 
 
1878.] 
 
 Items Showing Progress. 
 
 355- 
 
 “ On June lGtli we again commenced receiving converts. As reported 
 to you on June 24tli, I and my native assistants had baptized [in those 
 eight days] 328 converts. Since then we baptized, June 24tli, 75 con¬ 
 verts ; June 26th, 77 ; June 27th, 140 ; June 28th, 150 ; June 29tli, 186 ; 
 June 30th, 212; July 1st, 199 ; July 2d, 614; July 3d, 2222 ; July 4th, 
 731; July 6th, 216 ; July 7tli, 279. The whole number baptized, from 
 June 16th to July 7th, inclusive, is 5429.” 
 
 We do not wonder Brother Clough is calling earnestly for help—• 
 more missionaries from America to join him in the instruction and care 
 of this large mass of new converts. August 3d, Bro. C. writes again: 
 
 “ I cannot write in detail. God was with us and glorified Himself. 
 A multitude were baptized, 3262 in all. These make, with those already 
 reported, 8691 from June 16th to July 31st, inclusive, (one month and 
 a half.) To God he all the praise, now and through all eternity.” 
 
 In reporting the rapid increase of converts at Ongole, Bro. Clough 
 gives utterance to one or two stern facts which deserve consideration by 
 our young brethren preparing for Christian work, and also by older 
 brethren who have responsibility in choosing and sending young men 
 and women to this work. Mr. C. writes: 
 
 “ Before this reaches you, [the secretary] there will be 500 baptized 
 Christians, probably, within four miles of where I now write, residents 
 of Ongole and suburbs. If rain comes soon and a harvest is given, as 
 we hope, there will be 3000 baptisms in this mission (Ongole) within 
 the next six months. The converts are now waiting for the ordinance. 
 This means an addition to our Teloogoo mission of not less than 15,000 
 souls. Perhaps 20,000 would be nearer correct. What am I to do ? I 
 need, I must have help. By help, I mean that I want some one sent out 
 to help me whom God has called to this very place. 
 
 “ Many men sent out as missionaries are no missionaries at all, never 
 were and never will be. This class are like millstones about the necks 
 of the real God-appointed missionaries. In sending an assistant to me, 
 
 please do be careful and get the right man. Please tell Brother- 
 
 I have not wholly given him up yet. He is the kind of man I want for 
 Ongole, and I want him if he will come. Ongole, at the present moment, 
 needs to be reinforced by the very best man available in the United 
 States of America. Boys and novices are not required.” 
 
 Fully 35,000 in India have renounced idolatry, and accepted 
 Christianity within the past year. 
 
356 
 
 Comparative Statistics, 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 ART. VII.—COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 1. Of missions in THE NORTHWEST PROVINCES, INDIA. 
 
 The Rev. B. H. Badley, of Lucknow, has sent us a valuable sheet 
 of figures, for which he has our best thanks. We condense the most 
 important of them for our readers, as follows: 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 U 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'd 
 
 0 
 
 C$ . 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 a 
 
 0 . 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 <D 
 
 
 03 CO 
 
 C S3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P* 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W 93 
 
 r-» 
 
 oSto 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 o 
 
 03 
 
 0 
 
 o 
 
 •a £ 
 
 <u 
 
 •Hu 
 
 oS O 
 
 « S 
 
 g 
 
 S3 00 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 J& 
 
 o 
 
 0Q 
 
 0 
 
 a 
 
 r0 
 
 
 W) 
 
 tt 
 
 si 
 
 m 
 
 u 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 £ 
 
 & 
 
 o 
 
 GG 
 
 04 
 
 0 
 
 o 
 
 1. Church Missionary Society. 
 
 1813 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 l 
 
 1,159 
 
 5,704 
 
 662 
 
 2. Baptist Missionary Society. 
 
 1817 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 • • 
 
 66 
 
 42 
 
 29 
 
 3. London Missionary Society. 
 
 1822 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 • v 
 
 108 
 
 1,505 
 
 58 
 
 4. Gospel Propagation Society. 
 
 1833 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 • , 
 
 72 
 
 416 
 
 117 
 
 5. American Presbyterian Board. 
 
 1836 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 419 
 
 2,935 
 
 23 
 
 6. Gossner’s Evangelical Mission. 
 
 1843 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 . . 
 
 160 
 
 409 
 
 82 
 
 7. American Methodist Mission. 
 
 1858 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 6 
 
 1,916 
 
 5,188 
 
 333 
 
 8. Female Normal School Society . 
 
 1867 
 
 2 
 
 , , 
 
 5 
 
 • • • • 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 P. American Union Zenana Mission . 
 
 1868 
 
 1 
 
 . . 
 
 2 
 
 • • • • 
 
 121 
 
 .... 
 
 ID. Female Education Society . 
 
 1869 
 
 1 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 • • • • 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 11. Wesleyan Missionary Society . 
 
 1869 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 •• 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 86 
 
 24 
 
 4,911 
 
 16,345 
 
 1,304 
 
 This is doubtless a very reliable view of the missionary work in the 
 northwest provinces. Intelligent friends of missions will study such 
 figures, and carefully compare dates of beginning the missions, the 
 number of workers and results, especially the number of communicants 
 gathered in each mission. 
 
 In the fourth number of this Review, page 213-215, we tried to 
 correct some erroneous statements, claiming that the Presbyterian For¬ 
 eign Board had a distinct field assigned to it in Northern India, in 
 which its missionaries were working entirely alone, unaided by those of 
 any other society. We said enough to correct the error, but these 
 figures, received since, show that our statement was much below the 
 truth. These figures are limited to the northwest provinces, and do 
 not include the Presbyterian or other bordering missions in the Pun¬ 
 jab, where the predominance of the European missionaries, and the 
 results of their labor, are probably quite as marked as they are here. 
 The comparison here is easily made. 
 
 1. Four European societies were in this field in advance of the Pres¬ 
 byterian board—the C. M. S. 23 years, and the Baptists 19 years. 
 
1878 .] Comparative Statistics. 357 
 
 2. Of the 61 stations occupied, Presbyterian missionaries are found 
 only in 9. 
 
 3. Of 86 ordained missionaries our Presbyterian board has only 14. 
 
 4. Of female workers we have counted only unmarried women, and 
 of the 24 reported, the Presbyterian board has 9. 
 
 5. And when Ave come to the most important results of labor—com¬ 
 municants gathered into the churches—our Presbyterian board had 
 419 out of 4911. 
 
 These statistics Avere prepared last December, and Avith no reference 
 of course to the erroneous vieAvs to which we refer; but probably our 
 good brother of the Interior will notice their application to those vieAvs. 
 
 In this Northern India field, Avhich the Interior erroneously fancied 
 was occupied only by the Presbyterian Foreign Board, the said board 
 has less than one-sixth of the ordained missionaries, and less than one- 
 eleventh of the native communicants. 
 
 2. Of foreign boards and societies fully or partially re¬ 
 viewed IN THIS VOL. I. OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEAV. 
 
 AMEEIOAN SOCIE¬ 
 TIES. 
 
 Begun in 
 
 Home Force. 
 
 Last Annual Income 
 
 Ordained Missionaries 
 sent out. 
 
 Laymen sent out. 
 
 Women Workers sent 
 out. 
 
 Ordained Natives. 
 
 Licensed Natives. 
 
 Other Native Helpers. 
 
 <D 
 
 > 
 
 aS 
 
 CO 
 
 -*-» 
 
 0 
 
 aS 
 
 o 
 
 *3 
 
 P 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 Largest salaries 
 authorized. 
 
 ' 
 
 Ministers. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 i 
 
 Communicants. 
 
 To Home Officer. 
 
 To Foreign Mis¬ 
 sionary.* 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 A. B. C. F. M.,. 
 
 1810 
 
 3,406 
 
 3,534 
 
 365,595 
 
 $471,164 
 
 151 
 
 13 
 
 227 
 
 125 
 
 265 
 
 792 
 
 13,435 
 
 $3,500 
 
 *$1,050 
 
 Bapt. Miss’y Union, 
 
 1814 
 
 .... 
 
 8,000 
 
 660,000 
 
 238,777 
 
 83 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 • • . . 
 
 956 
 
 in all 
 
 63,445 
 
 3,000 
 
 1,750 
 
 Methodist Episcopal, 
 
 1818 23,850 
 
 
 1,473,006 
 
 260,000 
 
 278 
 
 173 
 
 18 
 
 290 
 
 • • • . 
 
 284 
 
 23,318 
 
 5,000 
 
 1,780 
 
 Protest.. Episcopal,.. 
 
 1830 
 
 3,272 
 
 2,900 
 
 302,000 
 
 114,976 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 842 
 
 
 
 Pres. For. Board,... 
 
 1837 
 
 4,901 
 
 5,269 
 
 567,855 
 
 463,351 
 
 124 
 
 9 
 
 181 
 
 55 
 
 109 
 
 484 
 
 10,391 
 
 5,000 
 
 1,080 
 
 Am. Mis Assncia’n.t 1845 
 
 
 
 
 209,695 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 3,500 
 
 
 United Presbyterian, 
 
 1859 
 
 657 
 
 .... 
 
 791 
 
 78,748 
 
 47^551 
 
 12 
 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 117 
 
 1,056 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 Pres. Ch. of Canada, 
 
 • • • • 
 
 733 
 
 1,003 
 
 90,650 
 
 33,496 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 • • a • 
 
 35 
 
 300 
 
 a a a a 
 
 a a a . 
 
 Reformed Pres. Ch., 
 
 
 100 
 
 107 
 
 10,101 
 
 10,900 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 85 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 Pres. Church, South, 
 
 1862 
 
 1,800 
 
 1,820 
 
 120,000 
 
 56,000 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 .... 
 
 35 
 
 1,260 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,080 
 
 EUROPEAN SOOIE- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TIES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 English Baptists,.... 
 
 1792 
 
 
 
 
 250,344 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29,496 
 
 
 1,350 
 
 rreneral Baptists,. .. 
 
 
 
 
 
 42,006 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 884 
 
 
 C. M. S., . 
 
 1800 
 
 
 
 
 1,115.000 
 
 201 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 177 
 
 
 2,612 
 
 27,000 
 
 
 1,500 
 
 Moravian Board,... 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 27,666 
 
 85,000 
 
 333 
 
 in all. 
 
 28 
 
 .... 
 
 1,523 
 
 69,522 
 
 600 
 
 .... 
 
 Wesleyan Board,. ... 
 
 1813 
 
 
 
 
 730,114 
 
 890 
 
 in all. 
 
 
 .... 
 
 6,176 
 
 147,103 
 
 2,500 
 
 l,20O> 
 
 Establ Ch. Scotland, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 
 
 96^480 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 
 '750 
 
 3,000 
 
 United Pres. Scotl’d, 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 173,554 
 
 212,030 
 
 48 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 90 
 
 219 
 
 8,427 
 
 .... 
 
 1,625 
 
 Free & Ref. Ch. “ 
 
 1843 
 
 
 
 ....... . 
 
 247,177 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 254 
 
 3,730 
 
 
 1,920 
 
 Irish Presh. Board,.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,750 
 
 French Prot. Board, 
 
 1833 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a • • a 
 
 a • • a 
 
 a a a a 
 
 
 
 Li AX* §.,*•••• •••••• • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 
 
 •••••••• 
 
 546,740 
 
 1 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 ..a. 
 
 • a a • 
 
 
 1,37Q 
 
 * Most societies furnish a house, rent free. t The A. M. A. labors mostly In the U. S. A. 
 
 1. The tAvelfth column of these figures should be studied Avith an 
 eye on the first, fourth and fifth columns also. 
 
358 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 2. The figures of the sixth column are not all reliable. The Metho¬ 
 dist Episcopal, Moravians and Wesleyans do not report their ordained 
 missionaries separately from the others. 
 
 The Protestant Episcopal Board of Missions was organized (see re¬ 
 ports) in 1836, but their mission to Greece was planned in 1830. 
 
 4. The American Missionary Association expends its strength mainly 
 on home work for the Freedmen, Indians and Chinese immigrants. 
 
 5. The 6176 native helpers of the Wesleyans represent only their 
 paid helpers; they also report 25,183 helpers who receive no pay. Of 
 the 1523 Moravian board’s native helpers, 1389 work without pay. 
 
 6. Though the C. M. S. reports only about 27,000 native commu¬ 
 nicants, their professed native Christians number 117,825. We infer 
 also that the numbers of native Christians reported by the Moravians, 
 (69,522,) and also that by the Wesleyans, (147,103,) include many 
 non-communicants. The attempt to compile such comparative statistics 
 intensifies a desire for uniformity in reporting statistics by the different 
 foreign boards and societies. 
 
 7. If discrepancies shall appear between the figures of this table and 
 figures given in earlier numbers of this Review, let it be borne in 
 mind that the figures of a given board are changing every year, and 
 those used in this table are often of a later date than those of previous 
 numbers. 
 
 8. The value of these comparative statistics will be appreciated, 
 especially by all agents and workers in the cause of foreign missions, 
 and if the officers and missionaries of the various boards will kindly 
 point out mistakes and give us the figures with which to correct them, 
 and fill the blanks, we shall hope to revise and enlarge this table, much 
 improved, in some future number. 
 
 ART. VIII.—FIELD NOTES. 
 
 “Missionary Pastors,” and “The Morning Cometh ” are valu¬ 
 able contributions for which we hope to find room in our next number. 
 Our readers may expect to see our pages in future more frequently en¬ 
 riched with the views and experience of able minds at home and 
 earnest workers abroad. 
 
1878.] 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 359 
 
 Rev. Wm. J. Boone, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, reached 
 New York July 29th. 
 
 The Rev. Albert Bushnell, D. D., and wife, from the Gaboon Mis¬ 
 sion, Africa, are now in America for needed rest. 
 
 Three Moravian missionaries are reported to have been murdered 
 recently at Lancealoup, Labrador. 
 
 The Rev. Wm. R. Stocking and family, from the Persian Mission, 
 have arrived in America. Mrs. S/s health somewhat improved by the 
 voyage. 
 
 The Rev. Henry G. Jackson, from South America, and Rev. F. M. 
 Wheeler, from North India, both of the M. E. foreign missions, have 
 just returned to this country, the latter with no hope of going again to 
 India, we grieve to learn, as he finds himself unable to endure the 
 climate. 
 
 The Rev. G. L. Mackay, of the Canada Presbyterian Church, whose 
 labors in Formosa have been so earnest, self-denying and successful, 
 was, at last previous accounts, confronting a mob of 4000 Chinamen, 
 at Banka, and refusing to leave the place though they had torn down 
 his chapel and threatened to kill him. (See page 312 of this Review.) 
 Later advices report Bro. Mackay married to a “ clever ” Chinese lady 
 of that region, a sound convert to Christianity. God bless Mr. and 
 Mrs. Chang Mia Tsong Mackay. 
 
 Mr. K. A. Burnell proposes a lay mission to China and Japan. 
 Middle-aged men, with means for self-support, are wanted. Wherein 
 will laymen have the advantage over ministers? And can middle- 
 aged men master new languages as readily as younger persons ? 
 
 A large legacy of some $300,000 is announced, left to the foreign 
 board of the Presbyterian Church by Miss Mary A. Lapsley, of New 
 Albany. We rejoice in this relief to the board’s funds; but we hope 
 $150,000 of it—see Presbyterian Monthly Record , page 279—will not 
 be expended in brick and mortar. “ My kingdom is not of this world.” 
 
360 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 Famines. —The deaths from famine in China are estimated at fully 
 7/300,000. In the southern part of the Morocco Empire, also, the 
 famine is said to have become extreme, the sufferers estimated at 
 3,000,000. Cholera is reported as raging with much severity in 
 Western India. In the one city of Aurangabad 900 deaths are reported. 
 
 Generous Gifts. —A friend of the C. M. S.—his name not men¬ 
 tioned—has presented to it £35,000, ($175,000) the interest to be used 
 in 66 the development of the native Church in Lidia.” Another friend 
 has offered it £5000 ($25,000) for work not yet fully decided upon. 
 
 Miss Ricketts, of Brighton, England, goes to China, at her own 
 charges , to train Chinese women to carry the Gospel to the women of 
 China. She goes under the auspices of the English Presbyterian 
 Church. May others follow her example. 
 
 Missionary Families. —It is interesting to see missionary zeal and 
 consecration transmitting themselves from parents to children through 
 successive generations. It illustrates the pervasive and controlling 
 elements of the true missionary spirit. The Scudders, Gulicks, Mor¬ 
 risons, Newtons, Balantines, Humes and a few others, are pretty 
 generally known as examples of such families. Another notable in¬ 
 stance which has more recently come to our knowledge, is the family of 
 the Rev. J. Phillips, D. D., a venerable missionary of our Free-will 
 Baptist brethren. Dr. Phillips went to Orissa, India, in 1835, one of 
 the first foreign missionaries of that church. He is now working in 
 his fifth decade; has a married son, the Rev. Jas. L. Phillips, D. D., 
 of Midnapore, and three daughters, in India, all but one of them having 
 had some ten years of service already, and a fourth daughter is under 
 appointment, expecting to go out and join them in this work. Any 
 church has reason to thank God for such families. They honor their 
 own church and the cause of foreign missions. 
 
 Native Ministers in Africa. —Bishop Penick has recently or¬ 
 dained, in Liberia, three deacons and two priests. If these are worthy 
 men, nothing better shows real progress.in the work. 
 
1878.]. 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 361 
 
 Of the Protestant Episcopal Mission work at Jaquicingo, Mexico, it 
 is said: 
 
 “ They have a congregation of 600. The men, women and children 
 have worked with their own hands to build themselves a church. They 
 have now a fine building, and have not had a dollar’s assistance from 
 abroad. Moreover, the 600 include nearly all of the little town. The 
 Roman Catholic priest has been obliged to leave for want of occupation.” 
 
 Of salaries it is stated : 
 
 “The Rev. Mr. Marion, an old commandant in the army, receives 
 only $25 a month, and out of that has to support himself, wife and 
 child. He has been offered a lucrative position in the custom-house, 
 but refused it. The self-sacrifice of this people is something wonder¬ 
 ful,” &c. 
 
 The Missionary Month. —The annual meetings of two of our 
 foreign missionary societies—the A. B. C. F. M. and the A. M. A.— 
 transpire in October; the former beginning October 1st, at Milwaukee, 
 Wis., and the latter October 29th, at Taunton, Mass. 
 
 Besides these great anniversaries, our brethren of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church are to hold a missionary conference in New York, 
 beginning October 9th, and to continue 10th and 11th, with free and 
 full discussions of important subjects connected with the work. It is 
 also proposed that all rectors preach on the subject the Sunday follow¬ 
 ing, and that local clergy and laity arrange for missionary meetings in 
 Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and in other cities and large towns, 
 at such time in October as may be most convenient. 
 
 The call for the World’s Foreign Missionary Conference, in London, 
 is for the same month. 
 
 These proposed missionary anniversaries, conferences and meetings, 
 seem to claim and appropriate the month of October as the missionary 
 month; and we earnestly hope and pray it may prove the beginning 
 of the missionary revival so greatly needed. 
 
 The Universities Mission, under Bishop Steere, which fell back from 
 the Zambesi, and now makes Zanzibar its headquarters, has established 
 six stations, we are glad to see, one of them at Masasi, 130 miles on 
 route to Lake Nyassa; and a chief has sent a request for one to be 
 
 established at Losema, a place just on its shore. This mission is said 
 
 c 
 
Field Notes. 
 
 362 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 to have done much in preparing books and training teachers for the 
 interior. 
 
 The Irish Presbyterian Mission in India. —The stations of 
 this mission are in Guzerat and Kattyawar. 
 
 The whole number of communicants is.238 
 
 The whole number baptized,.847 
 
 Adherents not baptized, ........ 893 
 
 Communicants added the past year, ...... 16 
 
 Pupils in schools,.1,149 
 
 Miss Patterson, one of the Zenana workers, has failed in health, and 
 been obliged to leave for Europe. 
 
 The Effect of one Tract.— Some 30 years ago, Anthrawady, 
 a Hindu writer, received a tract in the Telegu language on u Caste A 
 He read it, became convinced of the truth, and sought and received 
 Christian baptism. Coming soon after under the influence of a 
 devoted Christian officer, General Bell, he learned to feel more sensi¬ 
 bly his duty to tell his countrymen and friends what God had done for 
 his own soul. He continued faithful in his daily duties as a writer, 
 but out of office hours and on Sundays devoted himself earnestly to 
 Christian work, going among the soldiers, and conversing with all who 
 would listen to the precious things of the Gospel. He has formed a 
 church of the native soldiers converted by his influence, has become its 
 minister, has baptized 80 himself, and 170 have been gathered into it 
 by his influence and labors ; while all these years he has continued his 
 daily work as a writer, and for his ministerial labors he has received 
 no pay whatever. Some of his converts are originally of high caste. 
 He is still prosecuting his work, and anxious inquirers come to him to 
 be taught the true way of salvation. 
 
 Hoes not the voluntary, spontaneous efforts of this converted Hindu 
 furnish a better testimony to the power of the Gospel, and carry more 
 ready conviction in its favor, to the minds of the heathen, than would 
 be the case if he were paid a high salary from mission funds ? 
 
 Drawbacks in Abyssinia. —Herr M. Flad, a German missionary, 
 of Stuttgart, sent out to Abyssinia by the Chrischona Institute, has just 
 returned to Europe and reports that King Menelete, of Shoa, has been 
 
1878.] 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 363 
 
 hopelessly beaten in battle, and is now the prisoner of King Iohannese. 
 Also two of the Chrischona missionaries have been cast into prison. 
 Mr. Flad proposes to start back for his mission in October. 
 
 Cause of the Kaffir War in South Africa. —We notice 
 Major Malan describes this war as haying been caused by the oppres¬ 
 sion of a weak African tribe by those who represent in southern Africa 
 the powerful Empire of Great Britain. He recognizes the fact that 
 God is overruling it for good and for the more rapid evangeliza¬ 
 tion of the people in the near future, and yet greatly deprecates attend¬ 
 ant losses and suffering. The mission station he himself had built has 
 been destroyed, and two others among the Galeka people. Major 
 Malan attributes the death of Mr. Leslie mainly to his grief at the 
 wrongs inflicted on his chief, Kreli, to whom he was much attached, 
 and on his tribe, among whom he had labored so long and earnestly. 
 He states also that a missionary in another tribe had lost his reason. 
 
 First Convert among Parsee Women. —Christian converts have 
 been few as yet among the Parsees of India, but two men were con¬ 
 verted many years ago in connection with the Scotch Free Church 
 Mission in Bombay, and have long been in the ministry. A few 
 others have been baptized since; but Koovarbac, whose baptism at 
 Nassick is mentioned in the last C. M. S. report for Western India, is 
 the first Parsee female baptized and received into the Christian church, 
 so far as we know. We are glad to see that Manekbae, a second Par¬ 
 see lady, has been more recently baptized in Bombay. May many 
 soon follow their example. 
 
 Romish Missions. —“ L. S. W.,” in the Congregationalist , says 
 that “ The Association for the Propagation of the Faith ” received in 
 1876 only $1,200,000 for its “ 300 missions,” and complacently con¬ 
 trasts this with the about $6,000,000 given by Protestants to the work 
 of foreign missions. 
 
 Will “ L. S. W.” give us any positive evidence that these $1,200,000 
 are the sum total given by Romanists in 1876 to their foreign missions? 
 If so, they have learned an economy in prosecuting the work which it 
 becomes Protestants to look into and understand. To say nothing of 
 their extended missions in every part of the world, in China alone they 
 
364 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 [Nov. 
 
 have missions in every one of the 18 provinces, while Protestants are 
 found in only 5. In missionaries, and especially in professed converts, 
 if the statistics are reliable, they outnumber Protestants many fold. In 
 China they have 30 bishops, 233 foreign priests, 237 native priests, 
 and more than 363,000 converts, such as they are, while Protestants 
 claim only some 12,000 converts. Of the spiritual results in the two 
 classes of missions we here make no comparison. Of their common 
 usage latterly to spend their energies and resources in winning to their 
 fold the converts of Protestant missions, instead of laboring in unoc¬ 
 cupied regions, we have already spoken. Pecent reports from India 
 give some details of this work. Some six or eight years ago the 
 S. P. G. ritualists entered the Ahmedunggur mission of the A. B. C. 
 F. M. and drew off many of their converts to them. Now we learn 
 from the Droyanadya, that a Romish bishop lias come into the same 
 district and “ made such offers to the native Christians connected with 
 the S. P. G. that they went over to the Romish church.” 
 
 The Abbe Debaize has started with nine priests to establish Romish 
 missions an Lakes Nyanza and Tanganyika in Central Africa. The 
 Abbe is said to be commissioned by the French government to make 
 an exploring journey across Africa, from Zanzibar to the western coast, 
 establishing his missions on the lakes by the way, the government 
 having voted him $100,000 for this service. 
 
 The Romish missionaries in China and India report 163,572 bap¬ 
 tisms in the last five years, 11,000 of them adults—1 adult in 15 !— 
 154,522 of them children! How many of them infants at the point 
 of death? 
 
 Chukch Conferences.— Our age is becoming somewhat charac¬ 
 terized by the gathering and influence of large bodies, ecclesiastical 
 as well as political, to deliberate and consult on most important 
 interests. 
 
 The Lambeth Conference has become the general designation for 
 the gatherings of the bishops of the English Church. They held their 
 first conference in 1867. Their second conference met in Lambeth 
 Palace on the 2d day of last July. At an important preliminary 
 meeting the previous Friday a report of a Mission Progress” was 
 read, and Bishop Gell, of Madras, gave some account of the wonderful 
 
Church Conferences. 
 
 365 
 
 1878.] 
 
 movement in Tinnevelly, where 20,000 natives are asking for baptism. 
 The bishops of Bombay, Ohio, Maritzburgh and Bloomfontein read 
 papers; and among those of the afternoon were papers on the condi¬ 
 tion of the church in Australia and America. 
 
 The regular conference opened by a celebration of the holy com¬ 
 munion, at which were present 26 English bishops, 5 from Ireland, 
 7 from Scotland, 14 from America, 7 from Canada, 3 from India, 5 
 from South America and the West Indies, 3 from Australia, 2 from 
 New Zealand, and 5 from Africa. Eight or a dozen other bishops 
 and prelates were present. The conference was held under the presi¬ 
 dency of the Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 The principal subjects brought under consideration were : 
 
 1. “ The best modes of obtaining union among the various churches 
 of the Anglican communion.” 
 
 2. “Voluntary boards of arbitration for churches to which such an 
 arrangement may be applicable.” 
 
 3. “ The relation to each other of missionary bishops and of mission¬ 
 aries, in various branches of the Anglican communion, acting in the 
 same country.” 
 
 4. “ The position of the Anglican chaplains and chaplaincies on the 
 continent of Europe and elsewhere.” 
 
 5. “ Modern forms of infidelity, and the best means of dealing with 
 them.” 
 
 6. “ The condition, progress and needs of the various churches of the 
 Anglican communion.” 
 
 It was the aim of the conference to hold their sessions in private, 
 but the London papers commented on the drift of the discussions, rep¬ 
 resenting them as most able, especially that on modern infidelity, in 
 which the clear logic and unfaltering faith of Bishop Ellicott appeared 
 most conspicuous. The bishops seem to have had a very good time 
 of it, and it is easy to believe that the frank and full discussions of 
 such vital subjects will be attended with permanent good to the inter¬ 
 ests of the church. 
 
 The Mildmay Park Conference represents so many of the evangeli¬ 
 cal dissenting bodies of Great Britain as please to identify themselves 
 with it. Its sessions continued three days. Some of the subjects 
 treated were: “ Christ the Light of the World—Christians the light 
 of the World;” “Christ the Branch—Christians the Branches;” 
 
366 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 “ Christ the King and Priest—Christians Kings and Priests.” The 
 speakers were such men as Dr. Horatius Bonar, the Rev. W. H. 
 Aitkin, the Rev. J. Wilson, of Edinburgh, and others. “ The Coming 
 and Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ,” elicited earnest and able 
 addresses from such men as H. Grattan Guinness, Dr. Mackay, Rev. 
 H. E. Brooke, Rev. A. Faussett, and others. One of the last services 
 was the Lord’s Supper. This was the 22d annual session of the con¬ 
 ference. 
 
 Union Movements—Union of Churchmen and Dissenters. 
 We notice with interest a series of meetings in England, originating 
 with the “ Home Reunion Society,” with a view to promote a union 
 between churchmen and non-conformists. The very idea is somewhat 
 amusing, as involving an absolute impossibility ; for any basis of 
 union would unavoidably prove fatal to one or both the contracting 
 parties. Once united, one or the other party, or else both, would 
 necessarily cease to exist. 
 
 Still the movement is one of interest, for if the sharp corners of 
 hostility and bitterness can be gently worn off, and the parties come 
 to view one another, each more from the standpoint of the other, only 
 mutual good, and good to the cause of Christ, can come of it. Chris¬ 
 tian love and mutual sympathy constitute an alembic of strangely 
 transforming efficacy. We wish all possible success to those engaged 
 in this movement. 
 
 The union of the Irish Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists was 
 consummated at the late session of the Irish Wesleyan Conference. 
 The measure was unanimous, and carried with great enthusiasm. 
 The breach thus healed was of sixty years’ duration, and places 
 Methodism in Ireland in a better position for aggressive work. 
 
 There were elements in each of these bodies for a basis of sympa¬ 
 thy, union and action mutually agreeable and helpful. 
 
 But for the proposed union of churchmen and dissenters, what pos¬ 
 sible elements can be found for such a basis ? And still more in case 
 of the proposed union between the Church of England, Romanists 
 and Greek Church. A meeting was held at Oxford, May 15th, pre¬ 
 sided over by the Bishop of Bombay, with several Romish priests on 
 the platform. Is it possible that the prominent men of either church 
 can fancy mutual compromise practicable? That English churchmen 
 
Field Notes. 
 
 367 
 
 1878.] 
 
 can become Romanists is abundantly demonstrated; and that Romish 
 adherents can become Protestant churchmen, is also proved possible. 
 But is there any middle ground ? 
 
 The Basel Evagelical Mission in Southwest India, 1877. 
 This German mission, extending from Dhawar southward along the 
 Malabar coast, reports laborers, viz.: 
 
 European brethren,. G3 
 
 “ sisters,.50 
 
 Native pastors, 6 
 
 Native catechists and evangelists,.66 
 
 Christian school-teachers,. 78 
 
 Pupils, 2,654 
 
 Church members,.5,904 
 
 Communicants, 3,070 
 
 Increase of members in the year, ...... 295 
 
 “ communicants, .28 
 
 The famine has been grievous, and 100 girls and 150 boys are now 
 in the mission orphanages. Under the pressure of the famine, the 
 missionaries have been slow to baptize, thinking it well to test motives 
 first; and hence candidates on probation have increased. At Hoobli 
 are 131 such candidates, at Bettigheroy 290, and at Guledgud 650, 
 under instruction. One of the missionaries, Rev. Mr Weigele, died 
 from the “ crushing labors entailed by the famine.” We have seen 
 and known some of the earnest German workers in this mission, and. 
 believe their work, for the most part, is well and wisely conducted. 
 May larger and more precious blessings attend it. 
 
 The following is from their last annual report: 
 
 “ Balappa (born in 1839), had in his childhood attended a mission 
 school in Bettigerry, and carried away with him good seed, which 
 sprang up after many years. He afterwards settled in Ugurugola as a 
 goldsmith, and married a wife with whom he lived a very happy life. 
 Her death crushed him entirely; he felt his sinfulness, and sought for 
 help in the Hindu shastras, which he studied with great zeal. His 
 father feared he would become a Sanyasi, and therefore married him 
 again as quickly as possible, in 1864. In 1869, the missionaries came to 
 Ugurugola, and, he says, ‘ I listened to their preaching and found what I 
 had been always seeking. Their words were like balm to my heart.’ 
 
368 
 
 Field Notes. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 He, together with some friends, had frequent intercourse with them, 
 and was convinced of the truth. ‘ I made,’ he says, * an agreement with 
 a friend to buy a whole Bible. He gave the money (2 rupess), and I 
 bought the Bible (a big quarto) from Mr. Ziegler, in Hubly, and joyfully 
 carried it on my shoulders to my village. My friend died, and I 
 remained in sole possession of the bible, which I read again and again, 
 till I found peace of mind.’ For several years he was known to the 
 missionaries as one who was near the kingdom of God, but he could not 
 find strength to overcome the obstacles. He was also burdened with 
 debts, and was afraid that his creditors would ruin him if he became a 
 Christian. Thus he was in an unsettled condition for years, together 
 with his wife, who was of one mind with him. ‘ We knew the truth, but 
 lacked the courage to live up to it; but still less could we serve unrigh¬ 
 teousness and falsehood. We suffered much in this condition.’ When 
 the famine came and he was in distress, he at length found courage to 
 break through his bonds. In March, 1877, he went to Dliarwar with 
 his wife, broke caste, and asked for baptism, which he received on the 
 20th May, 1877. He is now employed as a schoolmaster, and we have 
 reason to hope that he will prove a faithful Christian.” 
 
 Converted Hindus Recognize Idolatry in Ritualism.— 
 A catechist of the C. M. S., seeing Rev. Mr. Duthy, S. P. G., always 
 prostrating himself before a material cross, and bowing to the sacra¬ 
 mental elements, accused him of idolatry. The bishop has ordered 
 the catechist to apologize for his accusation; but he refused, on the 
 plea that there is every appearance of gross idolatry in Mr. D., and he 
 cannot retract the charge without convincing evidence that Mr. D. is 
 not guilty of deliberate idolatry. Are the missionaries of the S. P. G., 
 sent to convert the Hindus from idolatry, really amenable to the 
 charge of teaching them idolatry by their own example ? 
 
 Will Russia Tolerate Protestant Missions ?— The Weekly 
 Review , of London, gives an incident that is of some interest in con¬ 
 sidering this question. It is the recent trial of three peasants at Odessa 
 for the crime of evangelizing their countrymen. They had lain in jail 
 three years already when brought up for trial. The attorney-general 
 charged that the prisoners began their work in 1870, holding prayer- 
 meetings first secretly, but growing bolder extended their influence 
 openly, till at length whole parishes deserted the church and joined 
 the heterodox faith, showing no regard for the holy saints, images, 
 
1878.] 
 
 Field Notes . 
 
 369 
 
 candles, or ceremonies of the church. For this crime he urged that 
 they should be exiled to the mines of Siberia. 
 
 The prisoners appeared in court, with their New Testaments in 
 their hands, and with rustic simplicity and fervor replied to the accu¬ 
 sations almost wholly in Bible language. Some 40 persons—priests, 
 peasants and officials—were called as witnesses; and while testifying 
 to the religious meetings, testified also to the sincerity and blameless 
 life of the prisoners and their converts, known by the name of 
 stundists. All testified that these stundists were remarkable for their 
 honesty, sobriety, integrity, and for the strict practice of all the moral 
 virtues so generally wanting in the orthodox monjik, and the only 
 fault charged was that they would not go to church, or recognize the 
 authority of the parish priest. This was an offense in the eye of the 
 law, and for propagating their heterodox views they were liable to 
 exile; and yet when the case was closed and committed to the jury, 
 that jury, in five minutes, brought in a verdict of “not guilty,” and 
 by the crowds in court the verdict was hailed with acclamations of joy. 
 
 Can the Bible be so freely circulated and read as it is in Russia 
 without becoming an evangelizing leaven there as elsewhere? It is 
 already creating a demand for other Christian literature, and we have 
 it on the best authority that this evangelizing work is extending 
 widely and rapidly; that since the war some Russian nobles have 
 given $7500 to help on the work; and that such truly Protestant 
 works as the “Peep of Bay,” and “Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress,” are 
 being sold by thousands. 
 
 Intemperance in West Africa. —The Rev. James Johnson, an 
 able and intelligent African minister in charge of the Abeokuta mis¬ 
 sion of the C. M. S., writes: 
 
 “ I have been much alarmed by a published comparative custom’s 
 returns of Lagos, in July last. The increase in importation of ardent 
 spirits from Europe was fearful.” 
 
 He gives the figures, which may well alarm others also. The 
 figures are : 
 
 Gallons. Valued at 
 
 First six months of 1876, .... 256,950 $121,631 
 
 “ “ “ “ 1877, .... 811,261 349,666 
 
 Here is the importation, in each case of only six months, and at one 
 
370 
 
 Qustions and Answers. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 single port, Lagos. Thus the increase in a single year, of only six 
 months’ importation, is 554,311 gallons, valued at $228,035. What 
 wonder Mr. Johnson exclaims: 
 
 “This invasion, unchecked, will work for Africa a far greater and 
 more serious evil than the transatlantic slave trade, with all its hellish 
 horrors.” 
 
 Mission Work among the Kois —one of the non-Aryan races 
 of India. The first Koi was baptized in 1869. At first they were 
 alarmed, and abandoned the village near which the missionary built 
 his house. But their fear subsided, and already 51 men, 20 women 
 and 39 children have been baptized. 
 
 ART. IX.—QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
 
 [continued from page 245.] 
 
 VIII. “Have you noticed that the officers’ salaries, in case of the 
 Presbyterian Foreign Board, are now reduced ? Does not this remove 
 your objections in the matter of salaries ?” 
 
 Answer—I. We have noticed the statements about such reduction, 
 both in the organs of the board and in the New York Evangelist , and 
 we hope they will have their desired effect on as many as possible in 
 removing objections and increasing contributions to the board. At 
 the same time please bear in mind— 
 
 1. Our objection was to the manner of reporting these salaries, 
 rather than to any specific amount of salary. We did not undertake 
 to determine just what is a proper salary for a missionary secretary, 
 thinking it better to limit our remarks to the manifest necessity of 
 greater self-sacrifice on the part of all engaged in efforts to evangelize 
 the world; and the manifest propriety of equalizing the burdens 
 imposed by the boards, and thus bringing to an end the unjust par¬ 
 tiality now shown by some boards to their home officers and agents in 
 voting them so much larger salaries than they vote to their mission¬ 
 aries in the foreign fields. You will remember our first proposal to 
 general assembly was— 
 
 “ 1. Moved that our foreign board be instructed to print the salary 
 of each officer opposite his name, in each annual report of said board.” 
 
1878.] 
 
 Questions and Answers . 
 
 371 
 
 Has this been done, either in the annual report or the monthly 
 organs of the board ? It has been the uniform practice of the Bap¬ 
 tist Missionary Union, the A. B. C. F. M., and of most other well 
 conducted foreign boards and societies, thus to print the salary of each 
 officer; and it was also the practice of the Presbyterian Foreign Board 
 from its origin to 1870. The change was made by the present Pres¬ 
 byterian board on greatly enhancing the salaries of the officers, and 
 subjects the said board to the unpleasant inference that they changed 
 the good old usage, and lumped all salaries in one aggregate in order 
 to conceal from public observation the large individual salaries they 
 had voted. We confess ourselves unable to perceive any other reason 
 for this unhappy change of usage, and we know this to be the infer¬ 
 ence in many minds. If this inference does injustice to the foreign 
 board, they manifestly owe it to themselves, and to the cause, to 
 remove it by returning at once to the former usage of the board, or 
 by publicly stating some reason for the change which shall satisfy the 
 friends and supporters of the board. 
 
 2. In regard to that element of your inquiry which refers to the 
 amount of reduction, please notice— 
 
 (1.) The board has nowhere stated that it has reduced the salaries. 
 We are left to infer that whatever reduction has been made, is the 
 act of the officers themselves—not of the board; and that the action 
 of the board voting the $4000 and $5000 salaries, remains un¬ 
 changed. If this inference is wrong, we shall be glad to have it cor¬ 
 rected, and to know what change, if any, has actually been made in 
 said action of the board. 
 
 (2.) The New York Evangelist of July 18th, 1878, gives the 
 aggregate salaries actually paid to the three foreign secretaries and the 
 treasurer for the past four years, as follows, viz.: 
 
 “ 1874-5, $15,000; 1875-6, $14,500 ; 1876-7, $14,010; 1877-8, 
 $14,300.” 
 
 This shows that instead of any reduction the past year, there has 
 been an increase of $290. And why speak of an “appropriation?” 
 These salaries, so far as the board is concerned, are fixed by vote, as 
 are the salaries of missionaries. By the side of the above descending 
 scale for four years past, (except the last) as given by the Evangelist , 
 will it also give the ascending scale, beginning with the year 1870, 
 when the aggregate salary of all the officers was $9000, and show 
 
372 Questions and Answers. [Nov., 
 
 how it rose to $15,000?—or go still further back to 1864, when the 
 aggregate was only $6000, and show how it rose to $9000? 
 
 Was it any more difficult to get good men to serve as officers of the 
 board, when their salaries were $2000 each, than now for $5000 ? 
 Are not three of the present officers, on $4000 each, the same men 
 who served it just as faithfully at $2000 each during the hard times 
 and high prices of our civil war? And if we say these good brethren 
 endured more self-denial then than love to Christ and the heathen 
 should constrain them to exercise, must we not say the same of all 
 who contributed from incomes the same or less? And if their present 
 standard of self-denial is to be commended, as the Evangelist com¬ 
 mends it, must we not apply the same rule to all Christians, and 
 excuse from giving the ten thousands of pastors and laymen whose 
 incomes are less than are the salaries of these officers after deducting 
 all they give? 
 
 If we divide the aggregate salary drawn by these four officers the 
 past year by four, we find the average salary received by each officer 
 is (14,300-^4=) $3575; while the average salary of all the pastors 
 of the Presbyterian and M. E. churches is only about $700. With 
 what grace can these officers urge their poorer brethren to give, when 
 they see them by the thousands living on salaries only one-fifth as 
 large as their own ? 
 
 And if we contrast these official salaries with those of the mission¬ 
 aries toiling under all the disadvantages and trials of life among the 
 heathen, the case is little if any better. As to the self-denials of mis- 
 sionaries, we need not rely on our own statements. We have the 
 statements of those whose testimony will not be called in question. 
 
 The Rev. E. D. G. Prime, D. D., says: 
 
 “ They are living frugally, often very scantily, on salaries that bear no 
 proportion to the pay of foreigners engaged in the most ordinary occu¬ 
 pations of worldly business around them; many I know could at any 
 moment quadruple their salaries by accepting standing offers of employ¬ 
 ment in other service,” &c. 
 
 The Rev. F. F. Ellenwood, E>. D., writes : 
 
 “As to their general style of living, only a mere subsistence salary is 
 allowed, and in very many cases it is found to be insufficient for health 
 and efficiency. * * I have now in mind no less than twelve mission- 
 
1878.] 
 
 Questions and Answers. 
 
 373 
 
 aries of the Presbyterian board who each year expend from $200 to 
 $1000 of their own resources.” 
 
 And again : 
 
 “ There stands the monumental fact that men of the first order of 
 talent labor on in the work of different mission boards at a salary of 
 $1000, while mere youth, who have hardly attained their majority, 
 receive from $3000 to $3500 as teachers in the government schools. 
 What if it were found that the ministry in our American churches were 
 all proof against calls to college professorships, at three or four times 
 their present salaries, would that not be hailed as a grand attestation of 
 Christian character ?”—The Great Conquest. 
 
 And may we not with equal propriety ask, What if our missionary 
 secretaries were living on salaries which would make it possible to 
 record such testimony of them as is here recorded of the missionaries? 
 Would not that also be hailed as a grand attestation of Christian 
 character, and of their true love to Christ and the heathen ? Would it 
 not do more to enlist the prayers and gifts of the churches for this 
 blessed work than all their gifts of eloquence and oratory ? 
 
 As to the actual contrast in this latter case, what is it? While our 
 Presbyterian Foreign Board votes its officers $4000 and $5000 sala¬ 
 ries, the average salary of city teachers in the State of New York is 
 only $728, and of county teachers $262! Where, O where, shall we 
 look for any such attestation of Christian character, or of self-denial 
 and love to Christ and the heathen, on the part of foreign missionary 
 secretaries on salaries so very far above the average of our teachers 
 and pastors ? 
 
 A writer in The Christian Intelligencer (not the editor, we feel sure,) 
 complains that we give prominence to these salaries voted by the Pres¬ 
 byterian Foreign Board. (We’ll give prominence, in turn, to those of 
 his own board, if he will tell us what they are.) He should note that 
 it is the board itself that has given prominence to these salaries. It is 
 the board that has made them so large and conspicuous. No other 
 person had power to do it. 
 
 And as to the writer’s idea that the world at large has nothing to 
 do with these salaries, we need only remind him that they have their 
 influence on the salary of every other missionary officer in Christen¬ 
 dom ; nay, they have their influence on every missionary, native 
 preacher and helper, on every giver to this cause, and on most in 
 
374 
 
 Letters from Missionaries. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 Christendom who don’t give. To rule out the broad and potent influ¬ 
 ence of these salaries and the interest of all Christendom in them, he 
 must adopt the plea of the first murderer: “Am I my brother’s 
 keeper?” And then, only to find his soul pierced through with the 
 reply: “The voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me from”— 
 800,000,000 of heathen whose evangelization is prevented or delayed 
 by these large salaries! 
 
 “ It is true now, and always has been true, that there is more or less 
 extravagance, sinecurism and other abuses in the administration of 
 ecclesiastical and other religious charities. Only a few days ago it came 
 out that the American Sunday-School Union has been robbed of $50,000, 
 by overpayments in its manufacturing department, the book-keeper 
 being a partner of the contractor. The Methodist Book Concern, of 
 New York, and the Southern Presbyterian Board of Publication, have 
 each had their losses from maladministration. We have not, heretofore, 
 do not now, and do not hereafter, propose to suppress criticism on our 
 boards on the ground that it will injure the church work. If the admin¬ 
 istration of the church work will not bear criticism, the sooner and more 
 severely it is injured the better. But if it is faithfully and economically 
 performed, the fact will be made manifest, and inspire confidence in the 
 contributing constituency .”—Interior of Sept. 26th, 1878. 
 
 ART. X.—LETTERS FROM MISSIONARIES. 
 
 Rev. G. W. Seiler, of Rutnagiri, India, writes: “ I am keeping two breth¬ 
 
 ren and their wives, from the Aiteewade Village, near Kolapoor, here, until after 
 the rains. These, with our elder, Baizoo and family, Bussunt and Yeshuwunt, 
 constitute the Christian nucleus of a congregation on Sundays. They present 
 a very respectable appearance, and are viewed with wonder by the people of 
 Rutnagiri.” 
 
 FIRST CONVERT AT RUTNAGIRI, 
 
 “ Yeshuwunt Ranaka Erloondker is the first convert to our mission here. He 
 is a fine-looking man of 40 , and I feel confident he has embraced the truth from 
 the love of it. He was a Mahar, and a mason by trade. He was anxious to be 
 baptized whether I would keep him at work or not. So after witnessing his 
 consistent conduct for some weeks and instructing him, I baptized him. I will 
 keep him a few months, as I wish him to be well prepared to meet the world 
 alone if necessary. 
 
1878.] 
 
 Letters from Missionaries. 
 
 375 
 
 “ I have lately heard that a Purbhu of this place joined the Methodists of 
 Bombay, a few days ago, but I have not learned his name. There are only a 
 few Purbhus here, and if they learn of his conversion, of course they will con¬ 
 ceal it as long as possible. A goldsmith has been attending my Sunday preach¬ 
 ing regularly of late, and as he had the courage to walk with me through the 
 Bazar the other day, people made inquiries whether he had become ‘ polluted ’ 
 —broken caste, and become a Christian--some thinking that he had, their very 
 fears being a tacit acknowledgment that they felt their craft to be in danger. 
 
 “ A man in the jail seems to be impressed with the truth. I was told that his 
 castemates would not allow him to sit near them, and that he narrowly escaped 
 a beating for boldly advocating Christianity. He has read some tracts.” 
 
 CONVERTS AT PANALLA. 
 
 “ Last week Mr. Graham wrote me that he had baptized Dhondu’s sister and 
 two of her daughters.” 
 
 The statements of this letter should help friends in Christendom to under¬ 
 stand the difference in results to be looked for in new and old missions. Here 
 is reported the first convert in Rutnagiri, after the labor of more than five years. 
 The other converts mentioned have been taken there from Ivolapoor. God 
 grant that this man, Yeshuwunt, may be the first fruits of an abundant harvest of 
 precious souls soon to be gathered into the church at Rutnagiri. If any of our 
 brethren in the foreign fields should have the special sympathy and prayers of 
 God’s people, they are brethren laboring in these new and hard outposts, laying 
 foundations under peculiar trials, opposition and discouragement. 
 
 Rev. M. Y. Bovard, of West Africa, writes: “ Bro. Osgood and myself 
 are in good health and still have a double portion of the missionary spirit. As 
 we took the step forward, and as the news went out among the people that we 
 were God-men, and that our mission was to do good to all the people, the devil 
 summoned all his forces and put in action all his plans to overthrow and hinder 
 all our attempts to establish a mission in this part of the country. It was no 
 surprise to me. When we commenced telling them the true nature of our mis¬ 
 sion and pointing them to God and the Lamb, they became offended, and as 
 our trading became less with them they gradually grew more and more hostile 
 toward us. They are anxious only for money. I am sorry in my very soul 
 that I have nothing favorable to report respecting our mission at Bopora. We 
 have been tried in various ways to the uttermost. All our entreaties with the 
 king have been scorned and we have not been successful in getting any place 
 to build a mission-house. We have been much persecuted, yet of God we are 
 daily blessed more than we deserve. 
 
 “ King Jimmy sent forth an edict that we should not have anything to eat, 
 that the people should not sell to us, or give us anything whatever, or if they 
 did they would be ‘ put in the sticks.’ This law was very trying to us. We 
 asked them if they intended to starve us to death. We could not get them to 
 tell us what their aim was in making such a law. They finally promised if we 
 would give them so much money they would again sell to us. We had no 
 
376 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 Letters from Missionaries. 
 
 alternative. They then informed us that the ‘ law was done/ and we thanked 
 them. In a few days Jimmy became displeased at something and he again 
 enforced the law. Just at this trying point our cook-boy was taken seriously 
 sick with the small pox, and it was very probable that our interpreters, as well 
 as Brother Osgood and myself, had all been exposed, and yet the Lord had 
 marvelously preserved us, and I assure you we prayed fervently. We imme¬ 
 diately commenced to take such precautions and preventives as were prac¬ 
 ticable to us. We sent our boy away to a ‘ half town ’ under the care of some 
 trusty natives, who had passed through the disease, and we left Gintimah the 
 next day, contrary to the king’s orders, and fled to Bumbumah, a Gola town in 
 the kingdom of Farequaqua, a powerful Gola king, and found that the dreaded 
 disease did not exist in this town. 
 
 “ It seems impossible to turn the minds of these heathen people into the path 
 of truth and wisdom. They are set in their superstitious notions. They cling 
 to their fetish and will no more give it up than I will my Bible. The Devil- 
 Bush to them is sacred as the Church of Christ is to me. They would die 
 before they would reveal a single thing in connection with this place, and many 
 of them, I am sure, would suffer death rather than betray their leaders in these 
 things. I am not questioning the power of God to turn them from these things, 
 for I know He can do all things. We make it our daily business to plead with 
 the people, and with God for them.” 
 
 Later news of Bro. B. is that both he and Bro. Kellogg were prostrated with 
 the African fever. The Lord raise them up with health and heart to toil on 
 for Africa. 
 
 THE NYANZA MISSION—CENTRAL AFRICA. 
 
 Every true friend of Africa must feel a special interest in every step of pro¬ 
 gress in founding the new missions in the regions of David Livingstone’s latest 
 explorations. In closing our recent sketch of the Church Missionary Society 
 (C. M. S.) we gave the latest items then in hand, in regard to the murder of Lt. 
 Smith and O’Neill, and the subsequent movements of Rev. C. T. Wilson, the 
 only survivor, then on the ground, of the seven men first sent out by the 
 Church Missionary Society. 
 
 The facts that have since come to light, showing Mr. Wilson’s patient waiting 
 in suspense and prompt action in emergency, have served only to enhance 
 our estimate of his sound judgment, heroic spirit and true devotion to the work 
 in hand. Smith and O’Neill had left him alone in Uganda to be absent only 
 three months. As the fourth month of their absence wore away with no tidings 
 of their fate, and with increasing evidence of a change in King Mtesa and his 
 court, from friendship to hostility, we do not wonder that his journal discloses 
 some anxiety and a consciousness of his lonely position. We know of many a 
 missionary who would have felt justified in leaving at once and hastening back 
 to England. A few “peeps’’ into the history of the case will be welcome to 
 our readers, and may incite some hearts to more frequent and earnest prayers 
 for the success of this mission. Under date of November 21st, when Mr. Wil¬ 
 son had been alone in Uganda about four months, we find him rejoicing in the 
 
1878.] 
 
 Letters from Missionaries . 
 
 377 
 
 arrival of five months’ letters and papers from England, and yet even this 
 occasion of joy served to reveal more clearly the arbitrary and changed con¬ 
 duct of King Mtesa; for the letters and papers were forwarded by an Arab, 
 “who took them up to the palace instead of bringing them to me,” writes Mr. 
 W., “ and I have had the greatest difficulty in getting them from the king, 
 having had, as it were, to drag them one by one from him; he has a number 
 yet, and when I shall get them I don’t know.” 
 
 Again, “ The old chiefs are rather opposed to our coming here, and have 
 persuaded the king to turn me out of the house which he built for us, and to 
 send me to live half or three-quarters of a mile further off, because they do not 
 like my being so near the palace, though I am a mile from it.” 
 
 When ordered out by an old chief, Mr. Wilson refused to go till he had first 
 seen the king. But when he got an interview with him the next day and asked 
 if he had given such an order, the king confirmed his fears, saying the chiefs 
 did not like him so near the palace. Mr. W. writes: “ I pleaded that I was 
 
 not near, and that Speke was allowed to live quite close to the palace. Then 
 the chiefs got angry and chimed in. They said that Speke only came for a 
 time, and they did not want white men in Uganda at all; they wanted to keep 
 it to themselves; they did not like either Speke or Stanley’s coming here, and 
 if white men must come, they wished them only to come as traders, and not to 
 remain in the country. I saw it was useless to resist, * * but asked the 
 
 king to build me a decent hut to live in before he sent me out, and to this he 
 agreed, the only concession I could get from him.” 
 
 Mr. Wilson feared the Arab traders, too, were working against him, preju¬ 
 dicing Mtesa “by telling the most abominable lies about us, and our behavior 
 towards other countries.” A “little trouble” with Mtesa himself, he describes 
 thus: “I think I told you that when we first came he tried hard to get us to 
 promise to make him guns and gunpowder, which, of course, we refused to do. 
 For a long time he did not allude to it again, but about two months ago he 
 began talking about it again, and bullied me terribly, to try and make me 
 promise to give him these things, adding now cannons. For some weeks he 
 could hardly talk of anything else, and brought it up every time I went to see 
 him. I, however, always gave him the same answer, that we had nothing to 
 do with fighting; that our mission was one of peace, and that our object in 
 coming was first to teach the Uganda of Christ and the way to heaven, and 
 next to teach them such useful trades as would make his country rich and pros¬ 
 perous ; that guns and gunpowder would only make his country poorer, as they 
 were costly and brought no return. * * I hope he sees it is no use bullying 
 
 us about it.” 
 
 Notwithstanding this firm adhesion to his strictly mission work, Mr. Wilson’s 
 account of his Sabbath and week-day services at the palace, is full of interest, 
 the people, all except the Arabs, kneeling and joining in the “ Amens;’’ and 
 their special interest seemed elicited by our Lord’s parables. Even the king 
 would sometimes take up the subject after Mr. W., “speaking most elo¬ 
 quently ”—evidently a spontaneous tribute to the power of the Gospel and its 
 
 D 
 
378 
 
 Letters from Missionaries. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 Divine adaptation to all human hearts. In these services at the palace, 
 attended by prominent men from all parts of the surrounding countries, there 
 seems much that is hopeful for a precious harvest in the near future from 
 Gospel seed thus sown. 
 
 Mr. W. accords to the Uganda much credit as “ a very sharp, quick-witted 
 race,” and says that for skill in imitating articles of European manufacture, 
 they far surpass the people of the west coast, and deserve to be called "the 
 Chinese of Africa.” 
 
 He also speaks most highly of the fertility and agricultural resources of 
 Uganda, his European seeds nearly all doing well, and the growth of rice, 
 native Indian corn, plantain, &c., being almost without limit. While thus 
 alone, and conscious of the growing hostility of the chiefs, and disfavor of 
 Mtesa himself, Mr. Wilson was planning for a new station at Karague, thinking 
 to begin it as soon as Smith and O’Neill should arrive. December 15th, Mr. W. 
 writes: “No tidings yet of Smith and O’Neill. I hope they are not ill or in 
 trouble.” A week later, December 22d, he writes: “Still alone; no news of 
 Smith and O'Neill. Am beginning to get a little alarmed about them, they 
 have been away so much longer than they intended. He proposed to wait till 
 the end of the month, and then, if no news came, to beg Mtesa to send men in 
 search of them. In the meantime, the few clothes he had with him began to 
 fail, and his money, (cloth, cowries and beads,) as also his medicines, became 
 exhausted. December 29th, a Dr. Emen came and offered to send letters from 
 Mr. Wilson to Mruli, and thence to Cairo, to be forwarded to England. Mtesa 
 heard the same date that O’Neill was coming without Smith, and was expected 
 the next day. But the next day, December 30th, Mr. W. writes : “ I have to 
 
 conclude this letter with sorrowful tidings, and to add two more names to the 
 martyr-roll of missionaries. Our brothers, Smith and O’Neill, are no more; 
 they have been foully murdered by Lukonge, King of Ukerewe.” Hassani, 
 their interpreter, had escaped at the time of the murder, and had succeeded in 
 reaching Mr. W. with the sad news. Mtesa did not believe Hassani, and sent 
 off men to ascertain. Mr. W. shows great presence of mind in this emergency, 
 gives details of Smith’s explorations as reported by Hassani, but with a masterly 
 grasp of the situation and its necessities, with no hesitating movements to give 
 enemies an advantage, he writes : “ To-morrow, I am off in the “ Daisy ” to learn 
 what I can of my poor companions’ fate, and to meet Mackay, who is on his 
 way from Unyanyembe.” 
 
 His eight days’ voyage across the Nyanza was one of unusual peril from 
 storms and water-spouts. He reached Kagei, January 12th, 1878; found Has- 
 sani’s report of the murder correct in all important points; took measures for 
 the security of the mission property at Kagei, and then pushed on by land route, 
 and February 8th, wrote from the Jungle, near Unyanyembe : “ The whole dis¬ 
 tance 280 miles, and I have been 19 days on the road.” Here he fell in with 
 a Mr. Morton, of Zanzibar, en route home, who told him of a Sheik near by, 
 from whom he obtained a fresh supply of beads and cloth, to use as cash among 
 the natives, and from here he turned back, and the latest account reports him 
 safe back in Uganda, March 26th, 1878. 
 
1878.] 
 
 Letters from Missionaries. 
 
 379 
 
 Probably Mr. Wilson feels that in all this he only did his duty, but we are 
 quite sure many a man in such circumstances would have been satisfied with 
 much less—would have thought more of his personal ease and safety, and less 
 of the interests of the mission ; and some would have shown a hesitation and 
 pusillanimity which would have made them an easy prey to watchful enemies 
 coveting the mission stores in his keeping. We shall watch eagerly for the 
 arrival of the reinforcements sent out to this mission, and for the result of their 
 labors in Uganda. 
 
 Since the above was written, letters of Mr. Wilson, published by the Church 
 Missionary Society, give details of his journey back from Unyanyembe. Seven 
 marches before he reached Kagei, he was met by Hassani and some of the 
 men he had left at Kagei, who had come that far to warn him of his danger 
 and persuade him to turn back towards the coast. They told him Lukongi, 
 who had murdered Lt. Smith and O’Neill, had heard of his approach, and had 
 sent men to Kagei to kill him, under an apprehension that he was about to col¬ 
 lect an army to avenge the murder of Smith and O’Neill. Mr. Wilson writes: 
 “ I feel it would be wrong and cowardly in me to turn back on a mere report. 
 I am very anxious, too, to get back to Uganda, and get to work again there.’’ 
 And he decided to push on for Kagei. Three marches from that place, all his 
 Wanguana, including Hassani, resolved to desert him, and turn back to Zanzi¬ 
 bar. Mr. Wilson writes : “ I was quite unprepared for this, but at once made 
 
 up my mind to go on, in spite of this desertion. * * Just as I was leaving 
 
 they came and asked for a letter to the coast. I said I would give them one, 
 and added, ‘ but I tell you plainly, you will all be put in prison when you reach 
 Zanzibar.’” This posed them, and they changed their purpose and followed 
 him. Arrived at Kagei, the place where Lukongi’s men were to kill him, he 
 found the “ Daisy” so out of repair as to take him five days to make her sea 
 worthy, but he succeeded, and sailing up the Nyanza, reached his former 
 station in Uganda, March 26th. He found King Mtesa again so well disposed, 
 and other circumstances so favorable, as to write: “ I feel sure God is blessing 
 
 the mission. Certainly, things seem smoother.” 
 
 The two parties sent out to reinforce this mission, as soon as news of the 
 murder of Smith and O’Neill reached London, have been heard from. Of the 
 three sent via Zanzibar, Mr. Sneath suffered so much that the doctor sent him 
 back to England. Messrs. Stokes and Penrose had completed their prepara¬ 
 tions and were about to start, early in July, on the land route for the lake. 
 
 The Nile party of four reached Suakim, June 9th, where the intense heat dis¬ 
 abled Mr. Hall with a stroke of heat apoplexy, and, to his great grief, he, too, 
 had to be sent back to England. A letter of July 10th, reports the remaining 
 three safely across the desert on camels as far as Berber. Surely the noble 
 efforts of Mr, Wilson and others to found this mission, should secure for them 
 the warm sympathy and prayers of all Christian hearts. 
 
380 
 
 Sailing of Missionaries. 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 ART. XI.—SAILING OF MISSIONARIES. 
 
 Rev. John Wherry and wife sailed from San Francisco September ist, 
 1878, returning to Peking, China. At the same time 
 
 Miss A. D. H. Kelsey, M. D., of West Camden, N. Y., sailed for Tungchow. 
 
 Miss Sarah A. Warner, of Buffalo, N. Y., for Peking; and 
 
 Miss Jennie Anderson, of Washington, Iowa, for Cheffoo. 
 
 Rev. William K. Eddy sailed from New York, August 31st, for Syria. 
 
 Rev. Frederick W. March sailed September 14th, returning to Syria. 
 
 Rev. Joseph L. Potter and wife sailed August 24th, returning to Teheran, 
 Persia. 
 
 Joseph P. Cochran, M. D., and wife, sailed September 19th, for Persia. 
 
 Rev. Eneas McLean and wife sailed July 31st, 1878, for Valpraiso, South 
 America. 
 
 All the above in connection with the Presbyterian Foreign Board. 
 
 Rev. C. H. Wheeler and wife, Miss Harriet Seymour, and Miss C. O. Van 
 Duzee sailed from New York, August 24th, returning to their mission fields 
 under the A. B. C. F. M. Also Miss Mary F. Bliss, going out for the first time. 
 
 Mr. W. C. and Mrs. Willa J. Noble, of New Haven, Conn., sailed from San 
 Francisco, August ist, for the North China mission. 
 
 Rev. David Rapalji and wife, of the Reformed (Dutch) Board, left for China 
 August 8th, 1878. Mrs. R. is a daughter of Rev. A. Ostrom, formerly in the 
 Amoy mission. 
 
 Mr. H. A. Hall, Jr., sailed July 3d, 1878, for the African mission of the 
 American Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. C. C. Tracy and wife, Rev. John E. Pierce and wife, returning to for¬ 
 mer work, and Rev. James T. Fowle and wife, going to begin mission work, 
 sailed from New York for Turkey, September 12th, 1878. 
 
 Rev. T. R. Sampson and wife, of the Presbyterian Church (South), sailed for 
 Greece, August 31st. 
 
 Rev. Y. J. Allen, D. D., of the M. E. Church (South), sailed August 7th, 
 returning to his work in China. 
 
 The Rev. H. N. Bouey has been appointed a missionary to Liberia by the 
 colored Baptists of South Carolina. 
 
 Bishop and Mrs. Schereschewsky, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, were 
 to leave Marseilles, August 24th, en route to his mission in China. 
 
 Rev. Samuel R. J. Hoyt, of the same church, reached Shanghai June 12th. 
 Also, 
 
 Rev. T. S. Tyng and wife sailed, July 3d, 1878, for Japan. 
 
1878.] 
 
 Death Notices of Missionaries . 
 
 381 
 
 Miss S. E. Easton and Miss M. E. Layton, sailed, August 24th, for Cawnpore 
 and Calcutta, India, in connection with the Woman’s Foreign Board of the M. 
 E. Church. 
 
 The Rev. J. S. Phillips, D. D., and wife, of the Free Baptist Church, and 
 Miss J. E. Phillips, his sister, sailed in the steamship “Circassia,” from New 
 York, October 5th, en route to Midnapore, Bengal, India, where they have 
 already labored 10 years in mission service. With them sailed, also, a rein¬ 
 forcement of new laborers, as follows, viz.: 
 
 Rev. T. W. Burkholder, of Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Miss Hattie P. Phillips, of Chicago, Ill. 
 
 < Miss Frankie Willard, of Pewano, Mich. 
 
 Miss Jessie Hooper, of Frederickton, N. B. 
 
 The Rev. J. C. Richardson, of the Wesleyans, for St. Vincent, and the Rev. 
 James Sharpe and wife, for Hayti, sailed July 2d, 1878. 
 
 Miss F. Barnley, sailed August 6th, 1878. 
 
 Rev. T. F. Nicholson and wife, with Miss Penney and Mr. Stevenson, sailed 
 for Madras, August 13th, 1878. 
 
 Rev. William Dower, wife and family, of the L. M. S., sailed, on their return 
 to Griqualand, South Africa, August 6th, 1878. 
 
 The Rev. J. Macgowan, wife and family, sailed, August 3d, 1878, returning 
 to their work in Amoy, China. 
 
 The Rev. W. E. Cousins, sailed, August 9th, 1878, returning to his former 
 station, Mojanga, Madagascar. 
 
 ART. XII.—DEATH NOTICES OF MISSIONARIES. 
 
 Rev. Frank A. Wood, of the Syrian mission, Presbyterian Board, died 
 July 20th, 1878. 
 
 The Rev. S. B. Burtchaell, of the Society for the Conversion of the Jews, 
 recently died at his post of duty and labor in Jerusalem. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Schwartz died at Nassick, India, August 13th, we grieve to learn. 
 He entered the service of the C. M. S. in 1855. A diligent and faithful mission¬ 
 ary. 
 
 The Rev. W. Ellington, a very zealous missionary of the Church Missionary 
 Society’s Telugu mission, died, we regret to learn, on the 13th of June, 1878, at 
 Bezwara, aged 44. 
 
 The Rev. Robert S. Leslie, of the Scotch U. P. Church Mission in Caffraria, 
 died May 29th, 1878. A man of most devoted and self-sacrificing spirit. 
 
382 
 
 Death Notices of Missionaries . [Nov., 
 
 Christian Weigele, of the Basel Evangelical Mission, died at Guledgud, 
 India, December 21st, 1877, at the early age of 32 years. " He had 150 natives 
 under instruction, soon to be baptized; a man of earnest and self-sacrificing 
 spirit. And though buried the same day of his death, people gathered from all 
 sides, many even from a distance of 15 miles, to see the beloved teacher s face 
 once more, and many wept bitterly. The grief was very great, not only among 
 the Christians but amongst the heathen inhabitants of the whole town. From 
 the rich Brahman down to the poor of Guledgud, they came to the mission 
 house, so that about 6000 persons must have come for a farewell look, and it 
 was clear how much they loved him.” 
 
 The Rev. John S. Barradale, L. M. S., died at Tientsin, China, May 25th* 
 1878, from typhus fever, contracted in his too intense and prolonged efforts for 
 the famine-stricken 
 
 Rev. W. N. Hall, another English missionary of the Methodist New Connec¬ 
 tion, died May 14th, of the same disease. 
 
 Mrs. Nina Foster Riggs, of the Dakota Mission of the A. B. C. F. M., died 
 suddenly, August 5th, 1878, near Fort Sully. An earnest and eloquent advocate 
 and devoted worker for the moral and spiritual elevation of the Dakotas. 
 
 Rev. Nathan Dole died recently in the Sandwich Islands, for which he sailed 
 as a missionary in 1840. A faithful and able worker. 
 
 Mr. W. G. Puckey, of the C. M. S., died in New Zealand, March 28th, 1878. 
 Mr. P. went out in 1823, as a lay worker, and has done most efficient service 
 some 55 years. His undoubted courage and inflexible will, directed and con¬ 
 trolled by untiring zeal, a warm heart and tenderest sympathy for all human 
 suffering, gave him wonderful power over the savage cannibals he sought to win 
 to Christ, and “ deep and lasting is the sorrow of the Maori for his death.” 
 
 Dear old Bishop (Samuel) Gobat, formerly of Abyssinia, now of Jerusalem, 
 is the oldest missionary now on the register of the C. M. S. 
 
 Miss Dedrickson, of the C. M. S., died at Peking, August nth. 
 
 Mr. Josiah Bartlett, another faithful missionary of the C. M. S., died July 26th, 
 after 43 years of service. 
 
 Mrs. Rosa Adams Bailey, of the Baptist Missionary Union, died of cholera, 
 at Zeegong, Burmah, July 27th, 1878. 
 
 Mrs. Hiller, in Germany, and Mrs. Piercy, at Canton, China, both of the 
 
 Wesleyan missions, have recently died. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 The Rev. John Cooper, one of the missionaries from Scotland to India (sailed 
 in 1822), has recently died, 81 years of age. 
 
 [We find our Part II. crowded out of this number, much to our 
 regret, but hope to make up for it in the next number.] 
 
1878.] 
 
 Booh and Literary Notices. 
 
 383 
 
 ART. XIII.—BOOK AND LITERARY NOTICES. 
 
 We observe that a memoir of the late Dr. John Wilson, 47 years missionary 
 of the Free Church of. Scotland in Bombay, is being written by Dr. George 
 Smith, well known in India as the late editor of The Frie 7 id of India. 
 
 A joint committee of missionaries of four societies, viz., Church of England, 
 London, Norwegian, and Society of Friends, are revising the Malagassy trans¬ 
 lation of the Bible, first made in 1835. 
 
 Translations of Proverbs, Ruth, and some other portions of the Bible, made 
 by Mr. John Harvey, school inspector, and revised by Dr. Newton, of Lahore, 
 are being published in Punjabi. 
 
 A series of volumes on "Non-Christian Religious Systems’’ is being pub¬ 
 lished by the London Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. (S. P. C. K.) 
 The volume on Buddhism , by Mr. Rhys Davids, presents a graphic sketch of 
 the story of Buddha, so far as known, in a couple of chapters ; but the chief 
 aim of the author is to develop the doctrines, principles, orders, history and 
 statistics of the religion and followers of Buddha. Mr. Davids is recognized 
 as one of the most competent authorities on Buddhism, and this volume is a 
 valuable addition to the literature of this subject. The fact that the adherents 
 of this religion constitute 40 per cent. (500,000,000) of the world’s population, is 
 sufficient incitement to a diligent study of the elements which have given it 
 control over so many minds and hearts. In every new attempt to develop 
 the doctrines and history of Buddhism we look for more definite dates for the 
 birth and death of the founder, and for better English terms to express the real 
 meaning of nirwana and similar words. We are not satisfied with the com¬ 
 mon rendering of these terms, and apprehend they misrepresent somewhat the 
 real doctrines of Buddhism. 
 
 The volume of this series on Hinduism has been prepared by the able 
 Sanscrit Professor, Monier Williams, and with the benefits of his recent tour of 
 India. The practical effect of this tour on the author distinguishes this volume 
 from his earlier work “ Indian Wisdom,” from which he often quotes in deal¬ 
 ing with the more abstract elements of his subject. 
 
 After a brief historic sketch, Prof. W. defines the Hindu religion as follows : 
 “ It is a creed based on an original, simple, pantheistic doctrine, but branching 
 out into an endless variety of polytheistic superstitions.” He likens it, not 
 inaptly, to the Indian fig tree sending out innumerable branches, supported by 
 its own offshoots, till the parent stem is concealed and lost to view in the dense 
 forest it has itself created. In like manner the root-dogma of Hinduism “ is 
 lost in an exuberant outgrowth of monstrous mythology.” After a discussion 
 on the three ways of salvation, " Dyanmarg,” "Way of Knowledge,” the 
 highest; “ Kurmmarg,” “Way of Works,” austerities, &c.; and " Bhukti- 
 
384 
 
 [Nov., 
 
 Booh and Literary Notices. 
 
 marg,” “ Way of Faith,’’ or devotion, and recognizing the fact that these are 
 so wide in their significance and application from the Hindu standpoint as to 
 embrace “every religious and philosophical idea that the world has ever 
 known that the Hindu system “ is all-tolerant, all-compliant, all-comprehen¬ 
 sive, all-absorbing ; that it has its spiritual and its material aspect; its esoteric 
 and exoteric, its subjective and objective, its rational and irrational, its pure 
 and impure,” the professor goes on to discuss Sanscrit literature as the only 
 door of entrance to the arcana of Hinduism. He notes the usual division of 
 “ Shruti’’ and “ Smoriti,” revelation and tradition, recognizing the Hindu 
 claims to the highest possible inspiration for their Veda (“ Divine knowledge ”), 
 and noting the fact that the original idea of “ Shruti ” was not that of a book- 
 revelation, but of an eternal voice heard by holy Rishis, or eternal words 
 actually seen by them as well as heard. 
 
 Prof. W. treats of the three parts of the Veda: i. Mantra: prayer and 
 praise; 2. Brahmana: ritual; 3. Upanishad: mystical or secret doctrine; and 
 recognizes the religion of the Mantra as physiolatry, according varying suprem¬ 
 acy and honors to each deified force of nature. He specifies the chief Vedie- 
 deities, and admits that few of the Vedie hymns bring out the distinct concep¬ 
 tion of one divine, self-existent Being, and that most of them abound in puerile 
 ideas rather than lofty conceptions. He also admits that the Vedie hymns 
 nowhere teach the doctrine of transmigration ; contain nothing against re-mar¬ 
 riage of widows ; nothing encouraging child-marriages, or the present caste 
 system; and no interdict of foreign travel. Nond of these modern enormities 
 of Hinduism find any sanction in the early Vedas ; and Prof. W. thinks it quite 
 certain that at the date of the Vedas there were no idols, and no temples for 
 images—of course no idolatry. We cannot now follow Prof. Williams in his 
 treatment of the Brahmanas, the Upanishads, the fundamental “ philosophe- 
 mata” which run through all the systems ; and the law-book of Manu, “one 
 of the most remarkable books that the literature of the world can offer, and 
 some of whose moral precepts are worthy of Christianity itself.” 
 
 In treating the Brahmanas, Prof. W. brings out very distinctly the character, 
 motives and multiplicity of sacrifices as practiced by the early Hindus ; recog¬ 
 nizes the existence at one time of human sacrifices ; affirms that no literature, 
 not even the Jewish, contains so many words relating to sacrifices as the Sans¬ 
 crit does ; and expresses his belief that in the special Brahmanic period of 
 Hinduism (800 to 500 B. C.), “thousands of animals were killed every day, 
 and the land saturated with blood.” He regards the rise of Buddhism, 500 
 B. C., as the natural reaction of the minds of the people wearied and disgusted 
 with idolatries, sacrifices and sacrificing priests. 
 
 Islcun cold its Founder , by J. W. Stobart, principal of La Martinidre Col¬ 
 lege, Lucknow, is another volume in this same series. It treats of the geogra¬ 
 phy and history of Arabia ; of the ancient religious observances of the people ; 
 and of the ancestry, life and teachings of the prophet. Much of it seems to be 
 a compendium of the larger work of Sir William Muir, and the volume is not 
 enriched by a careful study of original authorities, Arabic or Persian, or by a 
 
1868.] 
 
 385 
 
 Booh and Literary Notices. 
 
 careful collation of English authorities, to such an extent as we should have 
 expected, especially from a scholar writing in India, and so near the old Mos¬ 
 lem capital. There is some slight confusion in the use of theological terms and 
 distinctions, which oriental scholars will be likely to observe. But the frank 
 and impartial spirit of the author is noteworthy, and as a popular treatise for 
 general readers who have no larger works at hand, it will be useful. 
 
 As an attempt to induce the western Christian nations to become better 
 acquainted with the oriental religious systems, this series of volumes is worthy 
 of much commendation, and we hope the other religions may be discussed 
 with equal impartiality and ability. 
 
 We are to learn still more of Buddhism A learned native, Dr. Rajendralala, 
 has taken up the study, has collected some “ 200 sketches, photographs and 
 plans” of Buddhistic caves, buildings and ruins in Gya and its vicinity, and 
 proposes to embody his researches in a volume on “ The Hermitage of Sakya 
 Buddha.” 
 
 The Sacred Book of the Sikhs .—A brief notice of this book, the “Adi Grunth,” 
 was given on the 187th page of this Review. The following hymn, translated 
 from it, was composed by Nanuk himself. The special significance, in the 
 mind of Nanuk, of repeating the name of his favorite god is characteristic of 
 all sects of the Hindus. Readers will contrast, for themselves, the teaching of 
 this hymn with the higher moral and spiritual utterances of David and Isaiah, 
 Christ and the Apostles. Here is a free translation, viz. : 
 
 “O Lord, O boundless life of the world, O Lord of the universe, O divine male, 
 the Arranger of all things ! 
 
 On whichever road thou sendest us, O Lord, on that road do we go. 
 
 O Ram, my mind is in love with Hari ! 
 
 Having joined the society of the pious, the relish of Ram is obtained by me ; 
 in the delightful name of Hari I am absorbed. 
 
 The name of Hari, Hari, Hari, Hari is a medicine in this world; the name 
 of Hari, Hari, Hari is true, 
 
 All their sins and faults are done away with, who, by means of the instruc¬ 
 tion of the Guru [religious teacher] eateth juice of Hari. 
 
 They on whose forehead he writes the decree from the beginning, bathe in 
 the pond of contentment. 
 
 All their filth of foolishness is gone off, who are imbued with love to the 
 name of Ram. 
 
 O Ram, thou thyself, thou thyself art Lord and Master. Like thee there is 
 no other donor. 
 
 If humble Nanuk takes thy name, then he lives ; Hari is spoken by the 
 mercy of Hari.” 
 
 This is the shadow, but does it not show that there must be some real sub¬ 
 stance, as truly as the counterfeit coin demonstrates the existence of the real 
 coin ? 
 
386 
 
 Booh and Literary Notices. 
 
 [Nov., 1878.] 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Wenger, of Calcutta, is bringing out an edition of the New 
 Testament in Sanscrit, beautifully printed in the large type and style most pre¬ 
 ferred by native readers. 
 
 The Influence of Foreign Missions on the Life of the Home Churches. By the 
 Rev. Andrew Thomson, D. D. This is one of the sermons preached at the 
 last anniversary of the Wesleyan Missionary Society. The text was Psalm 
 LXvii., 6 and 7. The sermon brings to view that one important result of for¬ 
 eign missions is to give new confirmation to our faith in the divinity of our 
 religion ; to promote brotherly love among those of different names and 
 churches ; to stimulate Christian effort at home ; to educate in the principles 
 and practice of Christian stewardship ; in developing the highest and noblest 
 Christian characters. Dr. T. well remarks : “ There is not a grace or affection 
 in the Christian character upon which the missionary enterprise does not 
 operate with invigorating and reviving influence, as with the breath of spring ; 
 and not least upon its peace and joy. It is isolation that brings decay ; it is 
 inaction that kills the very life out of a church, and freezes it as with the dead¬ 
 ness of winter. The missionary spirit is the very temper of heaven.” 
 
 Christianity and Education in Southern India , is the title of an able pam¬ 
 phlet by the Rev. W. Miller, M. A., of Madras, presenting the necessity of a 
 thoroughly religious training by means of education, side by side with directly 
 spiritual efforts. Mr. Miller holds that education—and high education—has 
 become a necessity in India; and as all government education is now religious, 
 the tendency of which is greatly evil, the missionaries must engage in this work 
 of Christian education, and do it now while India is rapidly changing. 
 
 Two oriental scholars, Mr. James Ferguson and Prof. Burgess, under patron¬ 
 age of the British India Government, are publishing an important work on the 
 Rock-cut Temples of Western India. In its illustrations, it will be a compan¬ 
 ion volume to the “ Tree and Serpent Worship.” This coming volume can¬ 
 not fail to be of immense interest to all western scholars wishing to know more 
 of the antiquities, rites and worship of the Hindus. We have explored some 
 30 of these rock-hewn temples, cut in the side of a mountain, all within a range 
 of four miles. A sight of these temples leads one to acquiesce in the architec¬ 
 tural credit accorded to the early Hindus in the saying : “ They wrought like 
 giants and finished like jewelers.” 
 
INDEX TO VOLUME I. 
 
 A. 
 
 A Missionary Journey Across China... 144 
 
 A Few Echoes . 298 
 
 Answer to Foreign Board Required by 
 
 General Assembly . 124, 177, 319 
 
 B. 
 
 Boundaries of the Home and Foreign 
 
 Mission Fields . 209 
 
 Book and Literary Notices . 264, 325 
 
 Brahmo Somaj of India . 193 
 
 C. 
 
 Comparative Statistics of Different 
 
 Foreign Boards and Societies . 356 
 
 D. 
 
 Death Notices of Missionaries . 
 
 58, 114, 173, 246, 317, 381 
 
 Arthur, Rev. James Hope. 174 
 
 Bailey, Mrs. Rosa Adams. 382 
 
 Barradale, Rev. JohnF. 382 
 
 Bartlett, Mr. Josiah. 382 
 
 Baylis, Rev. F. 61 
 
 Beveridge, Rev. Mr. and Mrs. 60 
 
 Beynon, Rev. W. 175 
 
 Bickford, Rev. Edw. G. 116 
 
 Binney, Rev. J. G., D. D. 174 
 
 Black, William, M. D. 60 
 
 Bleby, Mrs. 176 
 
 Brown, Rev. John D. 175 
 
 Bunn, Mrs. A. C. 247 
 
 Burtchaell, Rev. S. B. 381 
 
 Caldwell, Rev. Joseph... 59 
 
 Campbell, Miss Letitia A. 318 
 
 Clark, Rev. E. W. 318 
 
 Cleaver, Rev. William. 317 
 
 Cooper, Rev. John. 382 
 
 Craik, Miss. 317 
 
 Daeuble, Mrs. 115 
 
 Davis, Rev. H. 61 
 
 Davis, Mrs. W. J. 317 
 
 Dedrickson, Miss. 382 
 
 Deputie, Rev. John M. 61 
 
 Dole, Rev. Nathan... 382 
 
 Duff, Rev. Alexander, D. D. 173 
 
 Dube, Rev. James. 116 
 
 Edkins, Mrs. Dr. 174 
 
 Ellington, Rev. W. 381 
 
 Ellis, Rev. R. J. 60 
 
 Estabrooks, Mrs. Dorothea. 318 
 
 Fairbank, Mrs. S. B. 175 
 
 Fenn, Rev. Joseph. 176 
 
 Foreman, Mrs. 318 
 
 Fuchs, Rev. John. 247 
 
 Goheen, Mrs. 174 
 
 Goodell, Rev. S. T. 174 
 
 Gough, Mrs. F. F. 176 
 
 Green, Rev. J. S. 175 
 
 Gulick, Rev. Peter J. 116 
 
 Hall, Rev. W. N. 382 
 
 Harding, Rev. Richard. 176 
 
 Hiller, Mrs. 382 
 
 Hocken, Mrs. C. H. 176 
 
 Hoisington, Mrs. Nancy L. 246 
 
 Hunt, Mr. P. R. 318 
 
 James, Mrs. Dr. 318 
 
 Jones, Rev. S. 60 
 
 Kearns, Rev. J. F. 115 
 
 Kilner, Rev. Thomas. 176 
 
 Lacey, Mrs. Charles. 115 
 
 Leslie, Rev. Robert S. 381 
 
 Lindley, Mrs. Lucy A. 116 
 
 Lyon, Rev. A. J. 246 
 
 McSpadden, Rev. T. K. B. 115 
 
 Morgan, Mrs. Susan H. 318 
 
 Muzzy, Rev. C. F. 117 
 
 Newhall, Mrs. Mary A. Wood. 174 
 
 Nicholson, Miss Priscilla. 246 
 
388 Index to 
 
 Noyes, Miss Charlotte L. 117 
 
 Parsonson, Mrs. George. 176 
 
 Peet, Eev. Lyman B. 115 
 
 Pogue, Rev. John F. 117 
 
 Pond, Rev. G. H. 175 
 
 Preston, Rev. C. F . 59 
 
 Puckey, Mr. W. G. 382 
 
 Read, Mr. J. B. 176 
 
 Riggs, Mrs. Nina Foster. 382 
 
 Robson, Rev. Dr. 317 
 
 Rodgers, Mrs. 60 
 
 Royle, Rev. Henry. 247 
 
 Russel, Mrs. 176 
 
 Schneider, Rev. Benjamin. 60 
 
 Schwartz, Rev. Mr. 381 
 
 Scudder, Rev. Silas D. 117 
 
 Smith, Dr. John. 115 
 
 Somerville, Rev. Dr. Andrew. 114 
 
 Tracy, Rev. W., D. D. 116 
 
 Tytherleigli, Mr. W. C. 318 
 
 Von Brunn, Rev. Jacob. 247 
 
 Walker, Mrs. Catharine H. 116 
 
 Warren, Rev. Dr. Joseph. 58 
 
 Weigele, Rev. Christian. 382 
 
 Wells, Rev. T. L. 114 
 
 Whipple, Miss Emma. 60 
 
 White, Mrs. A. M. 59 
 
 Whiting, Rev. Albert. 318 
 
 Whittleton, Mrs. 176 
 
 Wilder, Rev. Hyman A. 60 
 
 Williams, Bishop. 247 
 
 Williamson, Miss N. J. 115 
 
 Wood, Rev. Frank A. 381 
 
 F. 
 
 Field Notes... 38, 100, 157, 231, 306, 358 
 
 A. L. O. E. 48, 309 
 
 Africa Opening, 104,160,161, 240, 315 
 
 Baptist Missionary Union. 106 
 
 Baptist Missions in West Africa.. 239 
 Basel Evangelical Mission. 367 
 
 Bible Societies and Translations.. 
 
 106, 233 
 
 Books Published in India in 1875, 106 
 Custes (420) recognized by Gov’t.. 43 
 
 Chinese in California. 235 
 
 Chota Nagpore Mission. 45 
 
 Volume I. 
 
 Conscience in the Heathen. 41 
 
 Converts in China... 38, 100, 158, 306 
 
 Converts in Ceylon. 48 
 
 Conference, M. E., of So. India... 232 
 
 Conferences, Church. 364 
 
 Cyclone in China. 306 
 
 Do we Mean to Evangelize the 
 
 World?. 307 
 
 Drawbacks in Abyssinia. 362 
 
 Eastern Question. . 234 
 
 Edict of Toleration in China. 236 
 
 Emigrants to Liberia. 241, 315 
 
 Erroneous Statements. 41 
 
 Famine in China. 157, 231, 306 
 
 Famine in India—Sale of Chil¬ 
 dren. 314 
 
 Fiji Family Prayer. 39 
 
 Formosa. 233 
 
 French Prot. Mission in South 
 
 Africa. 242 
 
 Goddess Defiled. 313 
 
 Hindus invite Preaching in Tem¬ 
 ples. 42 
 
 Indians, American. 237 
 
 Indians, Choctaw. 238 
 
 Incomes of Foreign Missionary 
 
 Societies. 40 
 
 Increase of Vernacular Christian 
 
 Literature. 101 
 
 Industrial Schools of the Right 
 
 Kind. 107 
 
 Infanticide . 104 
 
 Intemperance in West Africa. 369 
 
 Japan. 104, 234, 311 
 
 Jews in Algeria. 39 
 
 Kaffir War—its cause. 363 
 
 Kois in India, Mission Among. 370 
 
 Kolapoor Mission. 100 
 
 Kothabyu’s Semi-Centennial. 313 
 
 Lay Mission proposed to China 
 
 and Japan. . 359 
 
 Livingstonia. 103 
 
 Mackay, Rev. G. L. 359 
 
 Madura Mission. 233 
 
 Madagascar. 103, 105 
 
 M. E. and Am. Pres. Missions 
 contrasted. 162 
 
Index to Volume I 
 
 389 
 
 Mexican Revolution and Missions, 
 
 39, 103, 105 
 
 Mission of Am. Ger. Ev. Church.. 101 
 
 Missionary Centennial. 39 
 
 Missionary Conference called Oc¬ 
 tober 21st. 160 
 
 Missionary Families. 360 
 
 Moravians in Thibet. 103 
 
 Murder of Smith and O’Neill. 238 
 
 Murder of three Moravian Mis¬ 
 sionaries... 359 
 
 Nassich Mission of C. M. S. 101 
 
 Notes of Progress. 306, 307, 310 
 
 O, Baal, Hear Us!. . 47 
 
 One Tract’s Result... 362 
 
 Ordained Foreign Missionaries.... 40 
 
 Orissa Baptist Mission. 47 
 
 Parsee Converts. 363 
 
 Persecution. 310, 312 
 
 Prayer, Need of. 337 
 
 Protestant Agencies in Brazil, 159, ] 63 
 Protestant Agencies in Belgium... 308 
 
 Prince of Orrissa on Trial. 234 
 
 Publishing Committee Proceed¬ 
 ings. 232 
 
 Ritualism Recognized as Idolatry 
 
 by Hindus. 368 
 
 Romish Missions. 363 
 
 Religious Neutrality Abused. 44 
 
 Russia and Prot. Missions. 368 
 
 Sabbath Abrogated in India. 102 
 
 Sale of Christian Books. 47 
 
 Slave Trade.46, 162 
 
 Sonthal “ Bethel Mission ”. 44 
 
 Syllabic Alphabet. 102 
 
 Sweden, Revivals in. 105 
 
 Telugu Baptist Mission...43, 104, 354 
 
 Tender Mercies of Heathen. 46 
 
 Union Movements. 366 
 
 Victoria Nyazaa Mission. 161 
 
 Volunteers for Mis. Service. 241 
 
 Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian 
 
 Church in U. S. A . 19, 256 
 
 Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian 
 
 Church of Canada. . 26 
 
 Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian 
 
 Church (South) . 86 
 
 Foreign Missions of the American 
 
 Baptist Missionary Cnion , 139, 253 
 Foreign Missions of British Presby¬ 
 terians . 149 
 
 Foreign Missions of the Methodist 
 
 Episcopal Church . 201, 255 
 
 Foreign Missions of the Church of 
 
 England C. M. S. . 277 
 
 Foreign Missions of British Baptists, 
 
 Wesleyans and Scotch Free Ch... 284 
 Foreign Missions of Reformed Pres¬ 
 byterian Church in N. Am . 338 
 
 Foreign Missions of United Presby¬ 
 terian Church in N. Am ... 339 
 
 Foreign Missions of Protestant Epis¬ 
 copal Church in U. S. A . 345 
 
 Foreign Missionary Periodicals . 350 
 
 G. 
 
 Gems From Living Authors . 
 
 35, 91, 151, 225 
 
 H. 
 
 How to Prevent Famines in India.... 289 
 
 I. 
 
 Introduction of Christianity into 
 
 India . 265, 329 
 
 Items Showing Progress . 353 
 
 L. 
 
 Letters from Missionaries.... 49, 1*68, 374 
 Literary Notices . 264, 325, 383 
 
 M. 
 
 l 
 
 Missions to the Chinese in this Country , 33 
 
 Missionary Statistics of the Fuhkien 
 
 Province , China . 82 
 
 Missionary Statistics, need of Uniform¬ 
 ity . 295 
 
 N. 
 
 New Out-Posts . 53 
 
 P. 
 
 Progress in Self-Support of Native 
 
 Churches . 96 
 
390 
 
 Index to Volume I. 
 
 Questions and Answers , 107, 164, 243, 370 
 Questions for Mature Reflection . 63 
 
 R. 
 
 Receipts of Some Woman's Foreign 
 
 Mission Boards . 224 
 
 Right TJse of Money . 146 
 
 S. 
 
 Sailing of Missionar ies ... 
 
 55,112, 171, 245, 316, 380 
 
 Ainley, Rev. Mr. 113 
 
 Ali, Rev. Jani. 113 
 
 Allen, Rev. Y., D. D., LL. D. 380 
 
 Ament, Rev. W. S., and wife. 57 
 
 Anderson, Miss Jennie. 380 
 
 Anderson, Miss Sarah J. 55 
 
 Alexander, Rev. T. T., and wife... 57 
 
 Arden, Rev. A. H. 245 
 
 Barr, Miss Mary E. 56 
 
 Benson, Miss Cora B. 317 
 
 Beattie, Rev. J. 171 
 
 Bickersteth, Rev. E. 113 
 
 Binney, Rev. Dr., and wife. 58 
 
 Bird, Rev, T. 245 
 
 Bird, Rev. William. 56 
 
 Bissel, Rev. Dr. L., and wife. 113 
 
 Bliss, Miss Mary F. 380 
 
 Bouey, Rev. H. N. 380 
 
 Bovavd, Rev. M. Y. 172 
 
 Bowers, Mr. 172 
 
 Brodhead, Rev. Dr. A. 56 
 
 Bromley, Miss. 58 
 
 Buck, Rev. P. M., and wife. 316 
 
 Burkholder, Rev. T. W. 381 
 
 Butcher, Miss Harriet. 245 
 
 Cary, Rev. Otis, Jr., and wife. 172 
 
 Chamberlain, Rev. Dr., and wife, 316 
 
 Chapman, Rev. G., and wife. 172 
 
 Christie, Rev. T. D., and wife. 57 
 
 Clarkson, Miss. 57 
 
 Collier, Rev. J. W. 317 
 
 Cockburn, Rev. George. 112 
 
 Cochran, Dr. J. P., and wife. 380 
 
 Cooley, Miss Alice. 112 
 
 Cooling, Mrs. 172 
 
 Copping, Rev. W. T. 172 
 
 Cousins, Rev. W. E. 381 
 
 Craven, Mr. 172 
 
 Crosby, Miss. 316 
 
 Curtis, Rev. Mr., and wife. 57 
 
 Daniels, Rev. G., and wife. 245 
 
 David, Dr. 113 
 
 Dean, Miss N. J. 246 
 
 Dening, Rev. W., and wife. 245 
 
 Dennis, Dr.*. 113 
 
 Deputie, Rev. J. H. 113 
 
 Dewey, Rev. W. C., and wife. 57 
 
 Donnell, Rev. D. L., and wife. 317 
 
 Dower, Rev. Wm., and wife. 381 
 
 Downing, Miss. 317 
 
 Easton, Miss S. E. 381 
 
 Eddy, Rev. Wm. K. 380 
 
 Eldred, Miss Carolyn. 57 
 
 Farnsworth, Rev. W. A., and wife, 172 
 
 Farrington, Misses. 317 
 
 Fieldhouser, Rev. J. 172 
 
 Fletcher, Miss. 58 
 
 Flocken, Rev. F. W. 246 
 
 Forbes, Miss Mary G. 56 
 
 Fowle, Rev. J. T., and wife. 380 
 
 Fraser, Rev. Dr. R. D. 171 
 
 Friedav, Mr. and Mrs. 58 
 
 Gedye, Rev. E., and wife. 172 
 
 Grimshaw, Rev. John. 172 
 
 Hall, Jr., Mr. H. A. 380 
 
 Hall, Miss. 172 
 
 Hawker, Mr. and Mrs. 113 
 
 Happer, Miss Lilie. 57 
 
 Harris, Mr. 58 
 
 Hennequin, Miss L. A. H. 56 
 
 Higgins, Rev. J. W. 317 
 
 Hodges, Rev. 113 
 
 Hook, Miss. 58 
 
 Hooper, Miss Jessie. 381 
 
 Plouston, Miss B. L. 112 
 
 Howell, Rev. J. B., and wife. 55 
 
 Hoyt, Rev. S. R. J. 380 
 
 Hudson, Rev. J., and wife. 317 
 
 Hutchinson, Mrs. 56 
 
 Ince, Rev. J. 245 
 
 James, Rev. Wm. 172 
 
Index to Volume I. 
 
 391 
 
 Jenkin, Rev. James.. 172 
 
 Jones, Miss Lydia. 112 
 
 Junor, Rev. K. F., and wife. 171 
 
 Kellogg, Rev. R. J. 246 
 
 Kelsey, Miss A. D. H. 380 
 
 Knox, Rev. G. W., and wife. 56 
 
 Kooser, Miss Jennie. 57 
 
 Layton, Miss M. E. 381 
 
 La Fetra, Rev. Ira H. 317 
 
 Lamplough, Miss. 317 
 
 Longley, Miss S. E. 317 
 
 Lyons, Mr. and Mrs. 58 
 
 Lyons, Miss May M. 58 
 
 Macgowan, Rev. J., and wife. 381 
 
 Maltbie, Miss E. F. 316 
 
 March, Rev. Fred. W. 380 
 
 McAllister, Miss. 58 
 
 McCauley, Rev. J. M., and wife, 57 
 McDonald, Rev. Duff, and wife... 245 
 
 Merwin, Rev. A. M., and wife. 246 
 
 McLean, Rev. Robert, and wife, 56 
 McLean, Rev. Eneas, and wife.... 380 
 
 McMordie, Rev. Mr. 113 
 
 Miller, Miss. 58 
 
 Mody, Mr., and wife. 172 
 
 Moon, Miss. v . 57 
 
 Mouland, Rev. J. W..... 245 
 
 Mumford, Mrs. 316 
 
 Murphy, Rev. S. H.«.. 56 
 
 Murray, Rev. J. D. M. 113 
 
 Nelson, Miss (W. U. M. S.). 57 
 
 Nicholson, Rev. T. F., and wife... 381 
 
 Noyes, Mrs. E. A. 57 
 
 Noyes, Miss Hattie. 57 
 
 Noble, Rev. W. C., and wife. 380 
 
 Osgood, Rev. Joel. 113 
 
 Painter, Rev. 113 
 
 Parker, Mr. H. M. 113 
 
 Paremlee, Miss H. F. 57 
 
 Patterson, Rev. W. M.. 114 
 
 Pearson, Litchfield, Hall and Fel- 
 
 kin. 239 
 
 Penney, Miss. 381 
 
 Pennick, Rt. Rev. C. C. 113 
 
 Phillips, Rev. Dr. J. L., and wife, 381 
 
 Phillips, Miss Hattie P. 381 
 
 Phillips, Miss J. E. 381 
 
 Pierce, Rev. John E., and wife.... 380 
 
 Pierson, Rev. Isaac, and wife. 57 
 
 Pinney, Rev. Dr.... 172 
 
 Pitkin, Miss. 57 
 
 Pitman, Miss F. R. 113 
 
 Poole, Rev. . 113 
 
 Potter, Rev. J. L, and wife.... 380 
 
 Rapalji, Rev. David, and wife. 380 
 
 Rathburn, Miss. 58 
 
 Randall, Miss H. S. 57 
 
 Richardson, Rev. J. C. 381 
 
 Ritchie, Rev. Mr., and wife. 58 
 
 Roberts, Rev. J. H., and wife. 57 
 
 Rogers, Mrs. . 172 
 
 Rutherford, Rev. Mr. 58 
 
 Sampson, Rev. T. R., and wife.... 380 
 
 Sharpe, Rev. James, and wife. 381 
 
 Sheldon, James and White. 171 
 
 Schenck, Miss Anna. 56 
 
 Scherschewoky, Bishop, and Mrs., 380 
 
 Schmucker, Miss Alice. 112 
 
 Scott, Rev. David, and wife. 56 
 
 Scudder, Rev. Jared, and wife. 316 
 
 Selby, Rev. T. G. 172 
 
 Selby, Rev. F. G. 112 
 
 Seymour, Miss Harriet. 380 
 
 Shedd, Rev. J. IL, and wife. 246 
 
 Sneath, Stokes and Penrose. 239 
 
 Smith, Mrs. J. M. 112 
 
 Stevens, Mr. E. O., and wife. 58 
 
 Stearns, Mrs. S. D. P. 113 
 
 Stevenson, Mr. 381 
 
 Stowell, Prof. A. P., and wife. 317 
 
 Strom, Mr. 172 
 
 Swaney, Miss. 246 
 
 Talmadge, Rev. Mr. 57 
 
 Taylor, Rev. George and wife. 113 
 
 Teague, Rev. H. H. 245 
 
 Thomson, Mr. and Mrs...... 58 
 
 Thomson, Rev. J. F., and wife.... 246 
 
 Tracy, Rev. J. E., and wife. 57 
 
 Tracy, Rev. C. C., and wife. 380 
 
 Tyng, Rev. T. S., and wife. 380 
 
 Van Duzee, Miss C. 0. 380 
 
 Yiele, Mrs. 58 
 
 Villigas, Rev. F. D. 114 
 
 Wade, Rev. T. R. 245 
 
392 
 
 Index to Volume I. 
 
 Walker, Miss L. B. 112 
 
 Wallace, Rev. T. F. 316 
 
 Walsh, Miss Lizzie. 57 
 
 Warner, Miss S. A. 380 
 
 Waterhouse, Miss Lelia H. 317 
 
 Webster, Mr. and Mrs. 58 
 
 Willard, Miss Frankie. 381 
 
 Williams, Rev. E. J. 317 
 
 Wilshere, Rev. Daniel. 246 
 
 Wheeler, Rev. C. H., and wife. 380 
 
 Wherry, Rev. John, and wife.* 380 
 
 Winn, Rev. T. C., and wife. 112 
 
 Wilson, Miss Julia. 57 
 
 Wonfor, Rev. H. J. 172 
 
 Wright, Prof. A. W. 317 
 
 Wright, Rev. J. N., and wife. 246 
 
 Salaries Authorized by some Mission¬ 
 ary Boards . 248 
 
 T. 
 
 Teaching of the Vedas . 48 
 
 The Brahmo Somaj of India . 193 
 
 The Conduct of the Monthly Concert , 65 
 
 The Famine in India—Its Severity... 37 
 The Famine in India—Prevention of, 289 
 
 The Indians of Alaska . 221 
 
 The Late Missionary Conference in 
 
 China . 27 
 
 The North American Indians . 87 
 
 The Presbyterian Foreign Board and 
 
 General Assembly . 118 
 
 The Bajah Bam High School, Kola- 
 
 poor, India . 129 
 
 To Our Beaders . 3 
 
 Treaty Bights of the Chinese in 
 America . 69 
 
 W. 
 
 Who Will Go For Us? . . 12 
 
 Woman!s Part in Foreign Missions, 133 
 
THE 
 
 Review. 
 
 Missionary 
 
 Nil Desperandum, Christo sub Duce. 
 
 PUBLISHED AT PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 TERMS—a year, in advance, in U. S. and Canada; 8 shillings in 
 Europe, and io shillings, or 5 rupees, in India, China, Africa, and 
 South America . No charge for postage. 
 
 New York, 
 Chicago, III., 
 Boston, Mass., 
 London, 
 
 A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 
 
 W. G. Holmes. 
 Noyes, Snow 8c Co. 
 Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill. 
 
 VOLUME I. 
 
 (January, 1878 , to December, 1878 , Inclusive.) 
 
 TRENTON, N. J.: 
 
 W. S. Sharp, Printer, No. 21 West State Street. 
 
 1878. 
 
Contents of Vol. I. 
 
 JANUARY—FEBRUARY. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. To Our Readers, - - - - - - - 3 
 
 II. Who Will Go For Us? - - - - - -12 
 
 III. Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United 
 
 States of America, ------ 19 
 
 IV. Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, - 26 
 
 V. The Late Missionary Conference in China, 27 
 
 VI. Missions to the Chinese in this Country, - - - - 33 
 
 VII. Gems from Living Authors, - - - - - 35 
 
 VIII. The Famine in India—Its Severity, - - - - 37 
 
 IX. Field Notes, -------- 38 
 
 X. Teaching of the Vedas, - - - - - - 48 
 
 XI. Letters from Missionaries, ----- 49 
 
 XII. New Out-Posts, - - - - - - - -53 
 
 XIII. Sailing of Missionaries, ------ 55 
 
 XIV. Death Notices of Missionaries, - - - - - 58 
 
 Part II. 
 
 XV. Questions for Mature Reflection, - - - - - 63 
 
 MARCH—APRIL. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. The Conduct of the Monthly Concert, - - - - 65 
 
 II. Treaty Rights of the Chinese in America, 69 
 
 III. Missionary Statistics of the Fuhkien Province, China, - 82 
 
 IV. Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, (South), - 86 
 
 V. The North American Indians, - - - - - 87 
 
 VI. Gems from Living Authors, ----- 91 
 
 VII. Progress in Self-support of Native Churches, - - - 96 
 
 VIII. Field Notes, ------- - 100 
 
 IX. Questions and Answers, ------ 107 
 
 X. Sailing of Missionaries, ------ 112 
 
 XI. Death Notices of Missionaries, ----- 114 
 
 Part II. 
 
 XII. The Presbyterian Foreign Board and General Assembly, - 118 
 
 Answer to the Foreign Board Required by General Assembly, 124 
 
Contents of Vol. I. 
 
 MAY—JUNE. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. The Rajah Ram High School, Kolapoor, India, - - - 129 
 
 II. Woman’s Part in Foreign Missions, - - - 133 
 
 III. Foreign Missions of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 139 
 
 IV. A Missionary Journey Across China, - 144 
 
 V. Right Use of Money, ------- 146 
 
 VI. Foreign Missions of British Presbyterians, - - - 149 
 
 VII. Gems from Living Authors, ------ 151 
 
 VIII. Field Notes, ------- - 157 
 
 IX. Questions and Answers, ------ 164 
 
 X. Letters from Missionaries, - - - - 168 
 
 XI. Sailing of Missionaries, - - - - - -171 
 
 XII. Death Notices of Missionaries, - - - - - 173 
 
 Part II. 
 
 XIII. Answer to the Foreign Board Required by General Assembly, 177 
 
 JULY—AUGUST. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. The Brahmo Somaj of India, ------ 193 
 
 II. Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, - 201 
 
 III. Boundaries of the Home and Foreign Mission Fields, - - 209 
 
 IV. The Indians of Alaska, ------ 221 
 
 V. Receipts of Some Woman’s Foreign Mission Boards, - - 224 
 
 VI. Gems from Living Authors, ----- 225 
 
 VII. Field Notes, -------- 231 
 
 VIII. Questions and Answers, ------ 243 
 
 IX. Sailing of Missionaries, ------ 245 
 
 X. Death Notices of Missionaries, ----- 246 
 
 Part II. 
 
 XI. Salaries Authorized by some Missionary Boards and Societies, 248 
 
 XII. Book and Literary Notices, ----- 264 
 
IV 
 
 Contents of Vol. I. 
 
 SEPTEMBER—OCTOBER. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. Introduction op Christianity into India, - 265 
 
 II. Foreign Missions of the Church of England, - - 277 
 
 III. Foreign Missions of the British Baptists, Wesleyans and Scotch 
 
 Free Church, -------- 284 
 
 IV. How to Prevent Famines in India, - 289 
 
 V. Missionary Statistics, ------- 295 
 
 VI. A Few Echoes, ------- 298 
 
 VII. Field Notes,. 306 
 
 VIII. Sailing of Missionaries, ------ 316 
 
 IX. Death Notices of Missionaries, ----- 317 
 
 Part II. 
 
 X. Answer to the Foreign Board Required by General Assembly, 319 
 XI. Book and Literary Notices, ----- 325 
 
 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. Introduction of Christianity into India, - 329 
 
 II. Foreign Missions of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in 
 
 North America, ------- 338 
 
 III. Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church in North 
 
 America, - -- -- -- - 339 
 
 IV. Foreign Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
 
 United States of America, ------ 345 
 
 V. Foreign Missionary Periodicals, ----- 350 
 
 VI. Items Showing Progress, - 353 
 
 VII. Comparative Statistics, ------ 356 
 
 VIII. Field Notes, - 358 
 
 IX. Questions and Answers, - - - - - - 370 
 
 X. Letters from Missionaries, ------ 374 
 
 XI. Sailing of Missionaries, ------ 380 
 
 XII. Death Notices of Missionaries, - 381 
 
 XIII. Book and Literary Notices, - 383 
 
The Missionary Review. 
 
 A FEW ECHOES. 
 
 1. “The Missionary Beview is a timely publication, and gives bright 
 promise for the future. It is well executed, judicious, varied, and con¬ 
 sonant in its subjects and their general treatment. * * * Here is 
 
 matter for thought, such as is not found in our missionary magazines 
 and denominational papers, or an}wvhere else.” 
 
 “We have never been so much impressed with the real value of 
 The Missionary Beview, edited and published and owned byBev. 
 B. G-. Wilder, of Princeton, as we have been on reading the last 
 and current number, July-August. A friend at our elbow, who has 
 been largely connected with missionary and other societies, as agent 
 and secretary, was so pleased with it that he asked for preceding num¬ 
 bers to peruse. We earnestly hope that this periodical will receive the 
 patronage it deserves. * * * This Beview ought to be in the hands 
 
 of every Mend and contributor to missions. * * * This number 
 
 treats of the salary question, and gives answer to an inquiry sent, as to 
 whether it is possible to send funds directly to missionaries in the for¬ 
 eign fields, without the intervention of the boards, and if so, how ? All 
 matters in this periodical are treated in a broad and catholic spirit, and 
 with intelligence and force.”— Princeton Press. 
 
 2. “ The Missionary Beview for July-August fairly presents the pur¬ 
 pose and plan of this young magazine, and justifies its claims upon the 
 attention of all who are interested in missions. The number furnishes 
 a good deal of useful information, and its discussion of open questions 
 of policy in the management of boards and missions, will stimulate 
 thought and incite to an examination of the points presented, which 
 can only be beneficial. The number contains the following, viz. : * The 
 Bramo Somaj of India,’ ‘Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church,’ ‘Boundaries of the Home and Foreign Mission Fields,’ ‘The 
 Indians of Alaska,’ ‘Beceipts of Some Women’s Foreign Mission 
 Boards,’ ‘Gems from Living Authors,’ ‘Salaries Authorized by Some 
 Missionary Boards and Societies,’ and a good collection of items of news 
 with reference to various missions and missionaries.”— The Christian 
 Intelligencer of the Reformed {Dutch) Church. 
 
 3. “ It aims to present a clear view of the whole foreign work of the 
 different churches, boards, and societies, with historical sketches, statis¬ 
 tics of individual and independent efforts—to give, in short, the fresh- 
 
2 
 
 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. 
 
 est facts, incidents, illustrations, and movements, showing progress in 
 any and all mission fields, together with reviews and criticisms of boards 
 and missions—an object requiring, surely, a wide grasp and clear dis¬ 
 cernment, the possession of much knowledge, and the exercise of much 
 wisdom and love. The first number of The Review is, really, a reasona¬ 
 ble realization of the aims set forth, and the expectations raised in 
 regard to it. Mr. Wilder’s thirty years’ experience in missionary labor 
 in India, together with the position in which he has there stood, fits 
 him, in a high degree, for the work he has undertaken. 
 
 “This number (May-June) holds on its independent, helpful way, 
 with not a little vigor. It has a sketch of the Rajah Ram High School, 
 Kolapoor, instructive in itself, and more so as illustrative of the rapid 
 spread of education throughout all India, in the last twenty-five years; 
 ‘Woman’s Part in Foreign Missions’—rise and results of her work ; 
 ‘Foreign Missions of the American Baptist Missionary Union,’ with 
 fields, statistics, and results; ‘Missionary Journey Across China,’ illus¬ 
 trating faith and perseverance, and all China open to the Word of God; 
 the ‘Right Use of Money,’ shown by example as well as precept; ‘For¬ 
 eign Missions of British Presbyterians,’ with their stations and statis¬ 
 tics ; ‘Field Notes,’ ‘Questions and Answers,’ ‘Letters of Missionaries,’ 
 ‘Sailing, and Heath Notices of Missionaries’—all making a most sug¬ 
 gestive and instructive number. The Review is conducted with judg¬ 
 ment, fairness, and force.”— Vermont Chronicle. 
 
 4. “We have received three numbers of The Missionary Review. This 
 
 is a new periodical, designed to occupy a new field. It examines the 
 missionary field from an independent standpoint. This is an improve¬ 
 ment on the denominational magazines, because we can see, in one 
 body, the work of the whole church in evangelizing the world. We 
 recommend this Review to all who wish * * * to advance the cause 
 
 of Christ. The address is, Rev. R. G. W 7 ilder, Princeton, N. J.” — The 
 Tusculum Record. 
 
 5. “This is a live foreign missionary magazine.”— Rocky Mountain 
 Presbyterian. 
 
 6. “This new bi-monthly has a welcome look and a promising start. 
 Its contents, printing, and general appearance are in advance of some 
 of this class of literature.”— Church Union. 
 
 / 
 
 7. Mr. Wilder has been a missionary himself. This is evident from 
 the bold and advanced views of the work his Review advocates.— The 
 
 Advocate of Missions. 
 
 8. “The Missionary Review (March-April) is a capital number, richly 
 -worth the year’s subscription. It is well gotten up, and shows that a 
 warm heart, a clear head, and a firm hand are at the helm.”— Southern 
 Missionary Herald. 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. 
 
 3 
 
 9. “We take great pleasure in commending The Missionary Review, 
 published at Princeton, N. J., at $1.50 a year, and edited by the 
 Rev. R. G. Wilder, whom we personally know as a large-hearted 
 and catholic Christian. Not only are Presbyterian mission interests 
 represented, but whatever concerns the progress of the cause of our 
 one Lord, anywhere in the world, is lovingly set forth. We make here 
 a comprehensive acknowledgment of our indebtedness to Mr. Wilder’s 
 Review, in our monthly preparation of the missionary department of 
 the Sunday Magazine. But there is much in it we wish our readers 
 might enjoy, excluded from our pages by want of space.”— Frank 
 Leslie’s Sunday Magazine. 
 
 A sentence or two from each of a few out of many who have spoken, 
 are as follows, viz. : 
 
 10. “The Missionary Review has come, and I have read every word 
 of it with great interest. It must work great good to our boards and 
 to our church. I most cheerfully bid you God speed.”—T. D. E. 
 
 11. “To see your Review is to want it.”—A. T. P. 
 
 12. “Your Review meets a want long and severely felt.”—B. C. F. 
 
 13. “I am in full sympathy with your views; sooner or later, they 
 must prevail.”—D. T. 
 
 14. “ I never read a missionary magazine that pleased me so well.”— 
 A. G. H. 
 
 15. “I am pleased with the first number of your Review, and shall 
 look eagerly for the second and those that will follow, wishing you 
 success.”—R. S. 
 
 16. “I am much pleased with the specimen copy, and hope you may 
 be successful in establishing The Review on a sure foundation. It is 
 somewhat of a venture to start such an enterprise in these dull times ” 
 —F. J. C. 
 
 17. “I am much pleased with the specimen copy sent, and shall try 
 
 to secure some subscriptions for you in my church. If its character is 
 kept up, its success must be only a question of time.”_C. T. C. 
 
 18. Anything in my power, you may rely upon my doing, to further 
 your object.”—J. T. B. 
 
 19. “I rejoice in the advent of such a periodical; * * * it is 
 
 worth a thousand times more than its price.”_N. F. 
 
4 
 
 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. 
 
 20. “I am delighted with The Review. I think it one of the most 
 
 important periodicals published in the church. If it could be in the 
 hands of every minister and every layman in the whole church, what a 
 blessing would come to the great cause in behalf of which it is pub¬ 
 lished. * * * I can heartily say, God bless the very important 
 
 work you have undertaken. I am sure He will.”—M. R. 
 
 21. “I have read The Review with great interest, and wish to bid you 
 God sjieed in the cause of truth and righteousness. I believe your 
 view T s are truthful, timely, and weighty, and that they will be approved 
 by the most intelligent and godly portion of the church. May the 
 Master own and bless the service.”—E. P. M. 
 
 22. “Your Review seems to me just about what every pastor needs, 
 and every one interested in the great cause should encourage.”—J. C. 
 
 23. “You are doing an important and needed work. May the divine 
 blessing, in abundant measure, rest upon your labors.”—H. W. B. 
 
 24. “I like The Review very much, It is just the thing needed. 
 
 * * * The great missionary work has much about it beyond its 
 every-day details and denominational outlook. It is the great Christian 
 work of every individual member of the great family of the faithful, 
 and your Review is a fit organ of the household. You have only to go 
 on in the kind, impartial, and yet independent way in which you have 
 begun, and you will not want Mends to bid you God speed.”— Author of 
 God in History, &c. 
 
 25. “ Your Missionary Review is certainly a work, the value and need 
 
 of which cannot be over-estimated. If carried on, as I sincerely hope 
 it will be, it must contribute largely to the best interests of missions. 
 The views you are advocating with so much ability and earnestness, are 
 regarded by some as radical and extravagant, but to me they seem to 
 be eminently wise and just. I am a Dist. Secretary, and for six years 
 have been trying to bring the churches of our denomination in New 
 England into closer sympathy and contact with the work of foreign 
 missions. * * I wish you every success and blessing in your labor 
 
 to enlarge and quicken missionary effort.”—W. T. McK. 
 
 Terms :—$1.50 a year in the United States and Canada ; 8 shillings in 
 Europe, and 10 shillings or 5 rupees in India, China, Africa and South 
 
 America. No charge for postage. A few sample copies at 25 cents 
 each. 
 
 ^ avails of this Review, after meeting its expenses , will go to 
 support and enlarge the Kolapoor mission, India. 
 
NEW MISSIONARY 
 
 MAP OF THE WORLD 
 
 A Want Long Felt is Now Happily Supplied by 
 
 MESSRS. G. W. & C. B. COLTON & CO., 
 
 172 WILLIAM ST., 
 
 rv E W Y O It 
 
 This Map is 6^x12 feet in size, and aims to show the Missionary Stations of the world 
 on both Hemispheres and the Islands of the Oceans. It is printed in oil-colors, on 
 fine cloth made for this purpose. The names of the larger Protestant Missionary 
 Stations are printed in large letters; and the various Stations are underlined—those 
 of the American Societies with green , and those of other societies with red. No per¬ 
 son can study this Map without gaining a better understanding of the missionary 
 work, and a deeper and more intelligent interest in it. 
 
 THE RETAIL PRICE OF THIS IMP, WITH MANUAL, IS $20. 
 
 SPECIAL FAVOR. 
 
 Our wish to have our Foreign Missionary Work benefited by the general use of 
 this Map, in Churches, Monthly Concerts, and Sunday Schools, has led 
 us to arrange with the Publishers to get them in quantities at wholesale prices, so 
 that, for the present, we are able to furnish them at $15 each, for the money in 
 hand before delivery. Orders may be sent to The Missionary Review, or to 
 the Editor by name. 
 
 EBSTE 
 
 3000 
 
 Engravings. 
 
 UNABRIDGED! 
 
 1840 
 
 Pages Quarto. 
 
 Four pages Colored Plates. A Whole Library Within Itself. 
 
 INVALUABLE IN A FAMILY. 
 
 The sale is 20 times as great as the sale of any other large Dictionary. 
 
 More than 30,000 h ave bgen placed in the public schools of the U. S. 
 Recommended by 32 State Superintendents of Schools. 
 
 “Indispensable to every student of the English language.”—M. R. Waite, 
 
 Ch. Justice u. S. Published by G. & C. MERRIAM, Springfield, Mass. 
 
The Missionary Review 
 
 Aims to be an efficient helper in Foreign Missions. It is a Bi- 
 Monthly, at $1.50 per annum, in advance, post-paid. 
 
 Parties remitting $5 or more at once, will receive the REVIEW at $1 
 per annum. New subscribers paying for 1879 before Christmas, will each 
 receive one number of Vol. I, without charge. 
 
 KIND WORDS FROM OTHERS. 
 
 “The first number [of The Missionary Review] gives bright promise for 
 the future. It is well executed, judicious, varied and consonant in its subjects and 
 their general treatment. * * * It urges a progressive work, and ably. 
 
 Here is matter for thought; such as is not found in our Missionary magazines and 
 denominational papers, or anywhere else, and which should come before the churches. 
 * * * It should be in the hands of every Christian minister, and of all 
 
 Christain laymen who take an interest in building up the kingdom of our Lord in 
 heathen places.”— Princeton Press. 
 
 “ This Review is published by Rev. R. G. Wilder, whose experience ought to 
 enable him to give 11 s a capital work ; and the initial number gives good earnest that 
 he will do so.”— Christian Advocate. 
 
 “ The object of this Review is to give a survey of the whole foreign work of 
 the different boards and societies, historical sketches, freshest facts, incidents and 
 movements, and to discuss questions of Missionary policy, and the actions of the 
 various Missionary organizations. There is room for such a publication.”— Illustrated 
 Chr istian Weekly. 
 
 “This Review is a kind of new departure among Missionary papers and maga¬ 
 zines. It aims to cover the whole ground of Missions, of all denominations and 
 boards of management, and be independent of them, and yet a helper of each and 
 all—to help develop an interest in foreign missions that shall speedily double the 
 present amount of giving, praying, going and working in the cause ; to do this by 
 working with pastors and churches to perfect the spiritual life —which is also the 
 spirit of Missions—until this life flow out in a current full and strong enough to 
 embrace the world. To quicken and perfect this Missionary zeal, the Review 
 strives to present a clear view of the whole foreign work of the different churches, 
 boards and societies, with historical sketches, statistics and notices of individual and 
 independent efforts ; in short, it strives to give the freshest facts, incidents, illustra¬ 
 tions and movements to show the progress in any and all the Mission fields, together 
 with reviews and criticisms of boards and Missions. * * * To accom¬ 
 
 plish such an object surely requires a wide grasp and clear discernment, the posses¬ 
 sion of much knowledge, and the exercise of much wisdom and love. The first 
 number of the Review is really a reasonable realization of the aims set forth, and 
 the expectations raised in regard to it. Mr. Wilder’s thirty years’ experience in 
 Missionary labor in India, together with the position in which he has there stood, 
 fits him in a high degree for the work he has undertaken. From our interest in this 
 number, as well as the man and the cause, we shall look for the future numbers with 
 prayer and hope and expectation.”— Vermont Chronicle. 
 
 A score or two of MS. letters say : 
 
 1. “ To see your Review is to want it.” 
 
 2. “ Your Review meets a want long and severely felt.” 
 
 3. “ I am in full sympathy with your views ; sooner or later they must prevail.” 
 
 4. “ I never read a Missionary magazine which pleased me so well,” etc., etc. 
 
 All avails of this Review, after meeting its expenses, will go to 
 support Foreign Missions.