BS112 .897 \m 2 1920 Division IBS*''; y THE M^V 2 192r PALESTINIAN SYRIAC VERSION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES. p-OUR RECENTLY DISCOVERED PORTIONS (Together with verses from the Psahns and the Gospel of St. Luke). Edited, in Photographic Facsimile, from a Unique MS. in the British Museum, with a Transcription, Translation, Introduction, Vocabulary, and Notes. BY REV. G. MARGOLIOUTH, M.A., Assistant in the Department of Oriental Printed Books and MS S. in the British Aluseuin ; formerly Tyrivhitt Hebreiv Scholar. privately printed by the SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, 37, Great Russell Street, Bloomsdurv, London, 1897. HARRISON AND SONS, I'KI.NTrKS IX ORDINARY TO HEK MAJESTV, ST. martin's lane, t.ONnON. PREFACE. The literary and historical spirit of man does not allow any- genuine effort of the race, or of any section of it, to pass into entire oblivion. In recording the deeds, or studying the works, of men who lived in ages gone by, we are surveying the phases through which our common humanity passed centuries, or tens of centuries, before the members of the present generation began to breathe. The efforts of the Graeco-Syrian, or Malkite, Christians to produce a translation of the Holy Scriptures in their own peculiar Palestinian dialect, has indeed not resulted in any far-reaching conse- quences on any field of human activity ; but it was, all the same, a genuine and — as far as it goes — an interesting and important endeavour at self-enlightment and instruction on the part of a not uninteresting branch of the great Christian family to which we belong. It is on this view of " things both human and divine " that we claim for the literature of the Malkites an appropriate place on the historical, literary, and theological shelves of our western libraries. To the specialist in Semitic studies and the textual criticism of the Bible, the Palestinian Syriac version of the Holy Scriptures has indeed a not inconsiderable interest of its own, and texts bearing on the subject will by him be placed side by side with many weightier and more important tomes compiled by men who were possessed of not less patience than learning. But even the general student of literature will — if A 2 4 Preface. his sympathies are as wide as they should be — find something in the Palestinian Syriac literary remnants that deserves to be classed with things interesting and instructive. It will be seen that the results arrived at in the present publication agree with the previously accepted view as far as the Palestinian Syriac version of the Old Testament is concerned. The lesson from the Acts of the Apostles, on the other hand, shows that in the case of portions, at any rate, of the New Testament,* the Malkites were content to prepare a mere adaptation from the Peshitta ; and the Palestinian presentation of St. Luke ii, 14, moreover, betrays, in another striking way, the influence of a much later Syriac version, namely the Harklensian. A final pronouncement on the whole question will, therefore, not be possible before more texts — and, with them, more historical "data" — are brought to light. But as every fresh row of bricks helps to build up a wall to the requisite height, so will — it is hoped — the present publication not fail to mark some advance, however slight, on the field of critical investigation on which the author has endeavoured to labour patiently and conscientiously. Oct. 1896. G. M. * Compare with this Mr. G. H. Gwilliam (with regard to 1 Timothy ii 11-18), in " Anecdota Oxonienesia," Vol. I, part V, pp. xiv, xv. CONTENTS. Eleven photographic plates embodying the entire four Biblical lessons contained in the Liturgy of the Nile. J'ac;k Preface . 3 Table of Contents . 5 Introduction (Main Portions) : — Description of the MS. ...... 7 The Greek Text represented by the Old Testament Lessons ........ 11 The Lesson from the Acts . . . . . . 12 The Verses from other parts of the Holy Scriptures contained in the Nile Service .... 15 Remarks on the Palseographical Aspect of the MS. . 18 Grammatical and Lexical Peculiarities. . . . 19 The Extant Portions of the Palestinian Syriac Literature 19 The Text of the Four Bidlical Lessons in Transcrip- tion .......... 2\ Translation 30 Textual Notes 34 Notes on Palestinian Words and Phrases. . . 46 Vocabulary of Unusual Words and Forms . . 51 MORE FRAGMENTS OF THE PALESTINIAN SYRIAC VERSION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES. By Rev, G. Margoliouth. Introduction. The Manuscript. — The four Biblical lessons in the Palestinian Syriac version which form the subject of the present publication ar^ taken from a recently acquired MS. of the British Museum, bearing the designation Or. 4951. The eleven photographic plates, which embody these lessons in their entirety, represent the pages of the MS. in their original dimensions, measuring about 6i in by 5, with mostly 15 lines to a page. There are 7 quires of ten leaves each. The style*" of writing, though smaller, approaches very nearly to that of PI. XX (representing fol. 34a, of Add. 14,664), in Vol. Ill of Wright's Catalogue of the Syriac MSS. in the British Museum, which has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The MS. contains a series of Services belonging to the Malkite ritual, written in the Palestinian Syriac dialect, the rubrical directions and several of the headings being in Karshuni, and also embodying prayers and liturgical "formulae" in Greek transcribed into the Syriac character. It begins with two Services for the consecration of a Church, the first to include the Holy Table, and the second applying to the chancel only. Then follows a series of three Ordination Services for celibate clergy (i. readers; 2. deacons; 3. priests). Another series of Ordination Services (i. readers; 2. sub-deacons; 3. deacons ; 4. priests), occupies the latter part of the MS. Between these two series of Offices stands a hitherto unknown Service, which I have designated "The Liturgy of the Nile." * For some further remarks on the style of writing, etc. .see p. 18. 8 The Palistin'ian Syriac Version of the Ho'y Scriptures. It occupies 32 pages of the MS. (foil. 2 7a-42b), and bears the following heading : — *:* ^'^^^ ^^iL l»?aO> "UtO^O I'rTD'O In}]) mVn.«<^ I.e., " In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever, do we write the Order of the feast of the blessed Nile, [which is observed] on the Sunday* of the 318 fathers, [and also] from the Sunday* of Pentecost [and onwards], and after the completion of the feast of St. jNIark* the Evangelist." It will be seen from this heading that the Service was recited at intervals from about the middle of May to near the end of September, thus covering a longer period of time than is usually assigned to the gradual increase of the Nile water in Lower Egypt. The Lessons contained in The Xile Service. — The lessons contained in this Service were clearly chosen on account of their distinct bearing on a Service which had the rising of the Nile waiers for their object. In Gen. ii, 4-19, is an account of the rivers of Paradise, with one of which, namely Gihon, the Nile is identified ; in 2 Kings ii, 19-22, the healing of the water by Elisha is related; Amos ix, 5-i4Q^ = TpoTraptoi'), which contains a summary of Christ's manifestation on earth. The first words of the hymn are : AajD»> ]Sd \iQO w,*^cn Zf^.i2|. The words occupying the first line of fol. 30rt, together with the first word of the second line, are : : ^ZoOl^]] ^**.C1aSD0 ^'pJuaLd wiOUj : |a-ij£). Then follows the liturgical direction for the first lesson : *(Z(Oin» 1 ^-i^^O I'^oAkJj "i^D lAj'plD ^Ld . iV)0, i.e. (literally), " And one reads the first lesson, that which is read from Genesis." The lesson itself (Gen. ii, 4-19) begins with the fourth line, and the last word on the page is r^lZjO, in v. 7. PI. II (fol. 30/;) continues the same lesson up to the end of V. 12. PI. Ill (fol. 31^-) contains vv. 12-18, together with the first two words of V. 19. PI. IV (fol. 31/') concludes the lesson from the second chapter of Genesis, and also contains the greater part of 2 Kings ii, 19-22 (the page closing with the end of v. 21). The rubrical direction between the two lessons (the last word of 1. 5, and the whole of 1. 6), is I'^AkJj ]Sd IZonl^j :>: \^b^ ^, ie., "That which is read from the fourth book of Kings."! PL V (fol. 32^?) concludes the second lesson, and begins the third (Amos ix, 5-1 4rz), the page ending with the first two words of V. 8. The rubrical direction between the lessons (last word of 1. 2 and the whole of 1. 3) is VfOALDj \^ U^U ^oSOi ^k: : ^AAZ, i.e., " The third, that which is read from the Prophet Amos." PI. VI (fol. T,2b) continues the third lesson, the last word being PftJ-i^, in V. 12. PI. VII (fol. 33^:) concludes the third lesson and begins the fourth (Acts xvi, 16-34). Between the two lessons (from the last * IZloiUjLJ (comp. Arabic iijj) represents the term avuyvwaii: in its liturgical sense, as applying properly to the lessons from the Old Testament. t (/ <•)'-> Wt t is probably a plural ((ZoiU^LDj), literally of "Kingdoms" (LXX fiaaiMiwr). B 1 o The Falestifu'an Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. word in 1. 7 to the second word in the fourth Hne from the bottom) is the following : — /.^., "Finished is the lesson from the Prophets.* Then shall be said a Psalm in the third t tone. Tiie Lord is my light and viy redeemer, whom shall I fear. \ Its response: The Lo?-d protects jny life., of whom shall I be afraid. Then is recited that which is read from the Acts of the Apostles." The page ends with the word pDQfllOj, in v. 16. PI. VIII (fol. 2)2)^) continues the lesson up to (al jiia ^.*^G1) in V. 20. PI. IX (fol. 34^) continues the same, ending with the first clause of V. 26. PI. X (fol. 34/^) carries the lesson on to |**-iZo, near the end of V. 31. PI. XI (fol. i^a) concludes the lesson from the Acts (end: last word but one in 1. 8), and continues as follows : — ^Ld aiL \rCuo : ai*^2il^ .ocnAa Ao-^colo Zuoj"! cnSclZ i.e., " And for the Allelujah : The river of God is filed rcith water.\\ Another, Its ridges hast thou watered, and increased the fruit thereof. *^ And a lesson shall be read from the Gospel of Matthew. Look for * [ >A . g^ r>*<~i = npoipijTiia. + The third of the eight tones of the Greek Church is B' (see Nealc, T/ic Holy Eastern Church, General Introduction, p. 830). X Ps. xxvii, I. § For . .\W1. II Ps. Ixv, 10^. IT Ps. Ixv, II. The Falesiinian Syriac Versiofi of the Holy Scriptures. 1 1 the ninth Sunday after Pentecost* (from Matthew). And when the gospel lesson is finished shall the deacon say a prayer ; and the chief piiest shall say this [prayer]." The Greek Text represented by the Old Testatncfit Lessons. — The Palestinian Syriac translation of Gen. ii, 4-19, 2 Kings ii, 19-22, and Amos ix, 5-14^', as contained in the Nile Service, was clearly made from the LXX., but to the question as to what special recension of the LXX. the Palestinian version represents no definite answer can as yet be given, the following remarks being the only ones that can at present be made : — Not Lucian''s Text. — The evidence of the present portions shows, as far as it goes, that Lucian's recension of the LXX. was decidedly not the one from which the Palestinian translation was made. There are not less than eight clear textual criteria to show that the two belong to two different categories of the Greek version, and in the two or three cases in which the Palestinian Syriac appears to exhibit an approach to Lucian's Greek text, the Peshitta also happens to agree with the respective readings, and the probability is, therefore, very strong that the Palestinian translator (or translators?) used the Peshitta rather than Lucian in these points of agreement. Relation to the Syro-Hexaplar. — There appears to be a nearer approach to the Syro-Hexaplar in a number of passages contained in the lessons from 2 Kings and Amos, but here again the agreement between these two versions is often shared by the Peshitta as well, and there are besides an almost equal number of instances in which the Palestinian Syriac differs from the Syro-Hexaplar. Relation to Texts Represented by MSS. — Much less certain, because much less complete, is the evidence as to the relation of the fragments before us to the different texts of the LXX., as represented by the best known MSS. To say that there are two points of agreement with A against B, and two other points in which B is followed against A, is to say very little indeed, and the gain of adding that in one place E is preferred to A appears also a rather slight sort of help. The fact is that the whole question is as yet sub judice, and that no definite judgment can be arrived at without a very considerable amount of additional evidence both * See Min. Erizzo, Evangel iarium Hierosolymitanum, p. 143. The lesson comprises St. Matt, xiv, 22-34. B 2 1 2 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptxires. on the Greek text itself and on the Palesthiian translation based upon it. Did the Palestinian Translator Consult the Hebrezv Text 1 — The Old Testament portions contained in the Nile Service supply no decisive answer to the question as to whether the Palestinian translator was in the habit of consulting the Hebrew text in connection with his task. One pretty clear indication* of such an influence is found in Amos ix, 13 (see note on pp. 42, 43), but in all other instances of an apparent approach between the Masoretic text and the present version, the Peshitta is also found to agree with the respective peculiar reading, and there is, therefore, a strong inclination to assume that the Peshitta was consulted by the Palestinian translator rather than the Hebrew text. The Lesson from the '■^Acts." — Much more decisive is the evidence as to the manner in which the lesson from the " Acts of the Apostles" has assumed its Palestinian Syriac form. Acts xvi, 16-34, as contained in the Nile Service, is in fact merely an adaptation from the Peshitta, and can lay no claim at all to rank as an independent translation from the Greek text. In the textual notes on this lesson some of the more striking agreements with the Peshitta will be noted. But it will be useful to print in this place a specimen of the Palestinian Syriac, the Peshitta, and the Harklensian version in three parallel columns, as this is no doubt the best way of gaining a clear comparative insight into the three Syriac presentations of the same passage. For this purpose vv. 19-24 may be selected as being sufficiently striking for purposes of comparison. * Another such indication appears to lie before us in Ps. Ixv, ii (see p. 16). The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 1 3 .<3 ^ J3 a. 1 1 M t : i V ' a. y .. "T r^ '^ ?3^ 1. 1 !■ : «■ 1 1 i 4 61 H "a .8 >? o i 1- V ft 4; I I "I' § •! <3 "3 ^ i' o •^ 1 ^ -^ I i f ::j ^ ^ <1 -^ " ^ ° i O •^ 5 "J 3 o B 51 a q t < B i,l.:^ 1 1 i i i Jit: 14 The Pakstiniafi Syriac Versmi of the Holy Scriptures. o r=i- y\ 4 -1 d rr a. o o a 1 a. a d" o I j c, ^ ^ i ^ 1 I 2 pi ^ - ^ -^ d n.. 1 •^ CI O •1 a 6i -- ^- -^^ -^ , ^ a o 6 i j g ^ I t. 6 9 ^ i^ «:• ^ o CI (1 'I * o ^ d 1^ I 1 ! V^5 i ^ d o o^ d a. o . 5 .1 V B o ^- 9 '• -^ a cl ^ *loo = Kat (Tivrtjp fiov, the Masoretic text having the abstract ^^"^^^ " and my help," or " salvation." The rendering V *v \^ (protects), does not, however, answers exactly either to i<7!-e/ja(T7naT)f9 OF tO t^i^Q. (2.) Ps. xxix, 3 ( = LXX., Ps. xxviii, 3) :— I . t ■■ CD ■ > V? (fiiovi] Kvpiov eTTc 7wi> vcaTwu, 6 0€o^ T/y? co^ij^ t/ifJofTtjff^i', Kiptof Utti vcmwj' TToWwl'. Both LXX. and Palestinian Syriac agree with the Masoretic text of this verse. (3.) Ps. li, i7( = LXX., Ps. 1, 17):— Ki'pie. ra X^'^7 /'"^ (ii'oi^civ^ Kat to aTo^ia /nov ava^f/eXei 7i]V uivcaiu aov. The Palestinian Syriac rendering Aj^^As 2") "Thou hast opened," and "IjALd " relatest," is at variance with both M. and LXX., the two Lnperfects of the former being rendered by the Future in the latter. It is not likely that pASo is a deliberate participial representation of the Hebrew Imperfect used for the purpose of expressing continuous action. * The LXX. passages are here quoted from Swete's edition. 1 6 The Palestinian Syriac Version oj the Holy Scriptures. (4.) Ps. Ixv, iO(T!-i4 ( = LXX, Ps. Ixiv, 1 0^^-14) : — j^a^ ^k) : oTpjLSil .ooiAu Zu_^cd1o Zuojj oiloXZ t^^joAi \L'i\ GI2 2>Q^A^Z «:* ^.iAjlLOQA ^.k^DQA .qI^Aj >^;«iV)0 tUVrl^J .OOLip? Oa£1^ : IOj**^ lO'rflo'U (^Zo ^>^? '0 TroTajxo Tpo(j)rp' amivi', oti ovTWS 1] eToi/nam'a crov. to>'9 ai'XaKa<} ainPj^ /tieOvaoi', ttX^jGwuv t« ^/ei'ij/iiaTa avT/y?, ev rai9 ma'^ioaiv ajV//? evcppai'OijffeTat ufaTeWovaa, evXo'^/ijcrei^ tov cnefjiavov rov ivtnvTou T/y9 ■^(^pijaToTijTo^ aov, kcu tu Trehta aov TrXt^aOl]- tTovrai vtoTfjro^' Triai^Oijfferai jn oprj riJ9 bpijuov^ Kai a'ya\\ia Trpo/iuTivv, kol at KoiXacev TrXnOvvovffi aiToi'' KeKpn^ovrai, Kac lyap v/jivrjaovatv. \lO^D in V. 10 = T(/i' 7po(p)]v (Syr. Hex. and Pesh. tOOlA^QD|LD) ; avTwi' is, however, left untranslated. The rendering j^joAl (Syr. Hex. v&^? 1^"»CL^) is = V erotfiaffia aov. In these two words there is respectively a wide divergence from DwJI and n^i"^!]]! of the Masoretic text. The Palestinian Syriac of v. 11 is clearly based on the LXX., -thousfh it is free in the usage of the tenses as well as the rendering Ol^Q^Z (singular noun). That it cannot be based on the Hebrew text will be seen at a glance, though it must be admitted that j>*iD^^O appears to be a reminiscence of nn^lli- The Syro- Hexaplar translation corresponds exactly with the Greek : — V. 12 is also clearly translated from the LXX., though —.klOQA —aIaIdQ* (fatness of fatnesses) is used instead of the one word 7rtoT>;To? (of fatness). The LXX. translator evidently began v, 12 with the last word of v. 11 as it stands in the Masoretic text, and pronounced "iniVLa n^ll? Pnt^V "["^lil- It is noticeable that * Read - A<.n/] f For l/ui^J, The Palestinian Syriac Version of tJie Holy Scriptures. 1 7 there is a " Pasek,"* or dividing accent, after nn^!J in the Masoretic text, and it would, therefore, seem that the division of the verses as adopted in the LXX. had some support in ancient Jewish tradition. V. 13 is remarkable for its adaptation to the nature of the Service in which it was used, "may the land of Egypt prosper in it," being used instead iTKniOiincTai -xa Ip^ T/yv Cp^uuv, which was meant vaguely to represent the Hebrew '^^"I?^ m^^] iDi^l''. V. 14 is also clearly based on the IJvX., as is shown by CL^iXLi = ■r\i]Ovvov(ti, the Hebrew being 15t2^'i. The Palestinian Syriac |Z(;LO), which appears to stand for ]A^l;^j, is free, (5.) Ps. Ixxi, 8 (= LXX., Ps. Ixx, 8) :— 7r\t]pio6ijTU} TO ffTo/m ^lov alucaeiv^y uTrwi vjLifi'jau) riji' cd^ay auvj Clearly a translation from the LXX., though somewhat free, >A^sV>Z| being used for TrXijpwOijTw (possibly, however, - . V^fi /^ to be taken as ^.precative perfect). (6.) St. Luke ii, 14) : — Ao'fa iv vxyifnoi^' 6cu', k(ii cvi 7/^s elp/juii cV avOpiv-ai's evcoKuis- (evcoKiu being the alternative reading). The Palestinian Syriac translation of this verse betrays, in u rather striking way, a dependence on the Harklensian version of the New Testament. The latter has Ua2* Zo'pa* to represent the reading hVok<« of the original. In the Palestinian Syriac Leciionary of the Gospels Zo;.£l* is left out, ci'niKid being there represented by pn>0» only, and in the rendering before us ]ir).»->, was further altered into >^ n * *^ ». As the Palestinian Syriac transkuion stands * The "Pasek" has, however, been noticed to serve more than one purpose in the Masoretic text. + MS. v..AxiQ£l»Z> . X aiA>*Ciri»Z = ]L^(li:x»l, the Ol being oltcn used instead of final 1 in the MS. C 1 8 The Pales titiian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. now, the only natural meaning yielded by it is " Amongst men thy will [be done] ;" but there can be no doubt that we here merely have a curious and erroneous development of a word representing the Greek etiBoKia, It will be seen that the five short passages from the Psalms contribute some further evidence to show that the Palestinian Syriac version of the Old Testament was, as far as it is at present known to have existed, based on the LXX. The single verse from the New Testament, on the other hand, shows an unmistakable depen- dence on the Harklensian version, and as the lesson from the " Acts of the Apostles " is clearly an adaptation of the Peshitta, one is driven to the conclusion that the Palestinian Syriac translators were not as ready to prepare original translations from the Greek New Testament as from the Greek version of the Old Testament. The Falceographical Aspect of the MS. — Some further remarks should now be offered on the palseographical aspect of the Palestinian writing used in the present MS. The letter "rish" is, with very few exceptions, written 'J* (with two dots instead of one), and the "daleth" is, as a rule, not distinguished by a dot below; there are no diacritic points below the letters, and points over the text are merely employed in the following cases : (i), one dot over the letter L to mark the aspirate ; (2), a dot often placed over the Ol of both the third person suffix masc. and fem. sing. ; (3), the occasional distinction of the plural form by the two dots known as " seyame " {e.g., ULdO, pi. V, 1. I ; 'U^^y, PI. II, 1. 6) ; (4), two dots over the inverted " pe " (*C) which is here not only used in Greek, but also in Syriac words {e.g., ,.j.cl ; PL I, 1. 10; ^-.^c2>, PL VIII, 1. 10; (5), sometimes also two dots over the letter O {e.g. PL II, 1. 6). A different pronunciation from that of the Edessene dialect is noticeable, e.g., in the soft pronunciation of the 2 in \L»S^ { = Jewish Aramaic h^nil), ^cm^l (after Z]?) ( = ^iD'^n). The theory that the inverted " pe " («,0) was used solely for the purpose of dis- tinguishing the TT from the appears to be contradicted by the employ- ment of such a form as (Aj...QJ^c1 ( = et-Xo^eiTe) in another part of * It is well known that there was a double pronunciation of the " rish " in Palestine (see J. Derenbourg, Manuel du Lecteur, fournal Asiatique, vol. 16, p. 446), but one can hardly refer the occasional use of i (with one dot) in this MS. to a difference of pronunciation. The Palestinian Syriac Version of tJie Holy Scriptures. 1 9 the MS., and an unexpected usage of the same letter is also found in Ua.ar: (for ^Ij.QO; see PI. X, 1. 11). The present MS. indeed deserves a thorough study from a paliEographical point of view,* besides the interest of the subject matter which it contains ; and the manner of transcribing the Greek prayers, and liturgical formulae, which are found in it, also deserves investigation (see the specimen contained in Liturgy of the Nile, PI. II). Grnmmaiical and Lexical Peculiai-ities. — The evidence which the Biblical fragments before us afford with regard to the gramma- tical and lexical peculiarities of the Palestinian Syriac dialect will be found further on in the "Notes on Palestinian Words and Phrases," and the vocabulary at the end contains an alphabetical list of the more important linguistic features of this branch of Semitic speech, which, as has already been clearly pointed out by others,! exhibits some considerable affinity with the so-called Jerusalem " Targum," and the Samaritan dialect, without being destitute of likeness in other points to the classical language which in ancient times had its centre in the schools of Edessa. The Extant Portions of the Palestinian Syriac Literature. — A bibliography of the " Remains of the Palestinian Version of the Holy Scriptures," so far as they had become known up to 1893, was given by the Rev. G. H. Gwilliam in "Anecdota Oxoniensia," Vol. I, Part V, Semitic Series. The Biblical portions of this version contained in " Biblical and Patristic Relics of the Palestinian Literature" (Part IX, Vol. I, of the same series) published in 1896, are Exodus xxviii, i-i2(z; Wisdom-ix, 8/^-x, 2; 3 Kings ii, io/^-i5a, and ix, 4, ^a; Job xxii, '^b-\2. To these must now be added J the fragments contained in the present volume, and an addition to the same series of works is soon to be made by the publication of a Palestininian Syriac Lectionary which Prof. Nestle is preparing for the Cambridge University Press. Of the hymnal literature.^ which must have been very fairly * The earlier stages of Palestinian Syriac writing are exemplified in Plates XVIII and XIX, published in Wright's Catalogue ; see also the facsimiles given in Land's " Anecdota Syrica," Vol. IV, and in "Anecdota Oxoniensia," Semitic Series, Vol. I, Parts V and IX. t See e.iT., Noldeke, Z.D.M.G., Vol, XXII, p. 513-599- X An edition of the complete text of the Nile Service is designed to appear simultaneously with the present publication. § Two "troparia" or short hymns are contained in the Nile Service above referred to. C 2 2 The Falestifiian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. represented in the Malkite communities, only very little has as yet become known. It will all be found on pp. 111-113 i"^ ^o\. IV of Land's "Anecdota Syriaca," the codex from which the pieces were copied being the British Museum Add. MS. 14,664. Some fragments of "Acta Sanctorum" and of Homilies, both taken from.. St. Petersburg MSS., were printed in the same volume on pp. 169- 170 and 1 7 1-2 1 1 respectively. Other fragments of Homilies are contained in the latter portion of " Biblical and Patristic Relics of the Palestinian Syriac Literature " already referred to. The most important contributions to the grammar and lexico- graphy of the dinlect that have as yet been made are Noldeke's " Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Aramiiischen Dialecte II " (Z.D.M.G., Vol. 22, pp. 443-527), and F. Schwally's " Idioticon des Christlich Palastinischen Aramseisch" (Giessen, 1893); and besides the other authorities mentioned on pp. 17, 18 in Mr. Gwilliam's first work on the subject {inde supra)., one must mention the late Dean Payne Smith's " Thesaurus Syriacus," which is, in fact, also a " Thesaurus " of the Palestinian Syriac dialect. The literature of the dialect is, however, now showing signs of rapid expansion. Each new publication is bound to make us acquainted with some fresh forms and idiomatic peculiarities of diction, and it is quite likely that in the course of another ten years or so it will become possible to compile a fairly complete vocabulary and a sufficiently exhaustive grammar of this branch' of Semitic speech, thus continuing the work which Noldeke, Schwally, and others have so carefully and so lucidly mapped out for students. The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. GENESIS II. 4-19- rfn-raa-^H r^i tS ii .- fn ccn ^ncva r^crAr^ f£i^ ^:Tr<' 2 KINGS II. 19-22. :?^-^a«jj •j^^.^^i r^^?3 VN.*CT3 t<1::l.V Fol. 3: Fol. 32*. 24 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. :r<^%^0 ^Csr^r^ ^O^ctj :-T.'Mr<1c\ K'.jA:^^ AMOS IX. 5-14 a. ^A^l r^crAr^ rC'-^.'^a ■t»r<' ^n^cn * See note, '^ It will be noticed that the MS. is not quite regular in the use of the 'seyamC' * See note. The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 25 8^.^ r^cnXr^ r0-fcAjr\ 9r^f<' r^cra:! ^-a:?-n.X :r,.,k\cT3 :i.3..^i ^non 0,0^5.5^*0 :T\ojj ACTS XVI. 16-34. : r<^aio^^ o\x.nA r^t »j.mX. 00 en ^jAtr^ r3 :^.iu-»nic\ CT2\ ^.3-31.^.^0 •.cucra + i X^njal ^-*n-a-^ rC'oQJno yAru&i^ .aon^n^o : .^craifu .^n^^^i onxi^c » MS. ^.Innrq. 1 o o4 D 2 28 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. m.„ft»r3n ia.l»l!i 0:1.^.^0 ir^-x^.oar^ XxZ^K^: K^riciA^ ^Ar^ors A^=li3 o^ ^n cos 24 f^cTi^r^A ^■jL.^RA.a.x.'^o ^mEl^^'^ OOCT3 r^Lk^'^oi ^.»jLaGn^n r^l^'i^o : r^'i^joar^ r^Ocn %n.iQ2n A^iirii :cqX.^1 Aa\.xiAi :%kri ^lAa^ vrJ^^li nn^^ r^-i :cni X^G ici.SLG : ?^*.'W : *^ca\ r<'ocv3 -tJMr^o i:^ : r^LsjL-AiY vfs-*a3 xri."^ r^cT2-»i >A A.Si.^ 31 J::^jxzn : cqX ^-^JWr^ oocn ^.cucrjc 34 jajLttor^ i.nnO : ^Ocvxia^ cT30\x=Lxl3a 30 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. Translation, Ge7i. ii, 4-19. V, 4. This is the book of the creation of heaven and earth, when the day was on which the Lord God made heaven and earth. V. 5. And no green thing of the field was yet upon the earth, and no herb of the earth had yet sprung up ; for the Lord God had not caused rain to rain upon the face of the earth, and there was no man that he should till the earth. V. 6. But a well was rising up from the earth, and was watering the whole face of the earth. V. 7. And the Lord God formed the man Adam of the dust of the earth, and he blew into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man Adam became a living soul. V. 8. And the Lord God planted a paradise in Eden in front on the east side, and he placed there the man Adam whom he had formed. V. 9. And the Lord God caused again to grow every tree that is pleasing for sight and good for eating; and the tree of life in the middle of the paradise, and the tree of understanding the knowledge of good and evil. V. 10. And a river was issuing from Eden that it may water the paradise, and from thence it divided [itself], and became into four heads. V. II. The name of one is Pison ; this is it which encircles the whole land of Olot, where there is gold. V. 12. And the gold of that land is good, and there is the carbuncle and the emerald. V. 13. And the name of the second river is Gihon ; this is it which encircles the whole land of Gush. V. 14. And the name of the third river is Hiddekel ; this is it which goes in the direction of the Syrians ; and the fourth river is the Euphrates. V. 15. And the Lord God took the man Adam whom he had formed, and he placed him into the paradise of Eden that he should dress it and keep it. V. 16. And the Lord God commanded Adam and said unto him, Of all the trees that are in the paradise eating mayest thou eat. V. 17. But of the tree of understanding the knowledge of good The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Serif tiires. 3 1 and evil, thou shalt not cat of it; for on the day on which thou eatest thereof dying shalt thou die. V. 18. And the Lord God said, that behold it is not good that the man Adam should be alone, but let us make him a helper like unto him. V. 19, And the Lord formed again from the earth every beast of the field, and every fowl of heaven, and he brought them to Adam that he may see what he would call them, and everything that Adam called them a living soul that was its name.* 2 Kings ii, 19-22. V. 19. And the men of the city said to Elisha, Behold the habitation of the city is good, as our Lord seeth, but the w-ater is bad, and the land is barren. V. 20. And Elisha said. Bring me one new pot, and throw salt into it, and they brought [it] to him. V. 21. And Elisha went out unto the springs of the water, and he threw salt therein and said. Thus saith the Lord, I have healed the waters, and there shall no more be thence that which is dead or is bereft, t V. 22. And these waters were healed unto this day, according to the word of Elisha which he spake. Amos ix, 5-14^. V. 5. Thus saith the Lord God, the all apprehending One ; he who toucheth the whole earth, and shaketh it,|. and all those that inhabit it shall mourn ; and it shall rise up like the river of Egypt which§ buildeth its rising in heaven. V. 6. And establishelh its |j promises on the earth ; he who calleth the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth, the Lord God, the all apprehending One, is his name. * The above is the " verbatim " rendering of the latter part of the verse ; the meaning appears to be "and whatsoever Adam called every living creature that was its name." + Or, barren. X Or, " and it shaketh." See the note on p. 39. § Or, " He who buildeth ..." See the n^te on p. 40. 11 Or, "his." 32 The Pales tiniiifi Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. V. 7. Are ye not like children of the Ethiopians, O ye children of Israel ? saith the Lord. Israel have I brought up from the land of Egypt, and the Philistines from Cappadocia,* and the Syrians from the depth. V. 8. Behold, the eyes of the Lord God are against the kingdom of the sinners, and I will remove it from the face of the earth ; only so as not to destroy completely will I removej the house of Jacob, saith the Lord. V. 9. For behold, I command, and I shall winnow among all nations the house of Israel, as one winnoweth straw with a winnow- ing fork •,% there shall not [anything] fall upon the earth in the pounding§ thereof. V. 10. By the sword, then, shall die the sinners [of my people], who say, II These evils will not approach us, nor come upon us. V. II. And on that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David which had fallen down, and I will build up its ruin, and raise up its destruction, and I will build it up as in the days of old. V. 1 2. In order that the rest of men and all the nations upon whom my name is called may seek [it]^ saith the Lord who doeth these things. V. 13. Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, and the threshing shall overtake the vintage, and the vintage the seed [-time], and the grapes shall mix with the seed, and the mountains shall drop sweet- ness, and all the hills shall be planted. V. 14a. And I will bring again the captivity of my congregation Israel. Translation. Acts xvi, 16-34. V. 16. In those same days, as the Apostles were going to the House of prayer, there met them a certain young woman who hacT * It may also be rendered "from the Cappadocians ;" but "from Cappa- docia" is required by the Hebrew, LXX., and Peshilta. See note on p. 40. t See note on p. 41. + See note on p. 49. § See note on p. 41. P Or, " those who say." H I.e., the tabernacle spoken of in v. il, or [him], i.e., "the Lord," with the Alexandrine text of the LXX. The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. t^t, a spirit of divination,* and she was bringing her masters much gain by the divination which she was divining. V. 17. And she was following Paul and us, and she was thus crying and saying, These men are the servants of the Most High God, and they announce to you the way of life. V. 18. And thus was she doing many days, and Paul became angry, and said to that spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ that thou go out of her ; and in that same hour did the spirit depart. V. 19. And when her masters saw that the hope of their gain had gone out from her, they seized Paul and Silas, and they dragged them and brought them to the market place. V. 20. And they brought them to the magistrates and to the chief men of the city, and they said, that these men trouble cur city, because they are Jews. V. 21. And they teach customs which are not lawful for us to receive, or to observe, because we are Romans. V. 22. And a great assem.bly was assembled against'them ; then did the magistrates tear their clothes, and commanded that they should scourge them. V. 23. And when they had scourged them much, they cast them into prison, and commanded the prison-keeper that he should keep them carefully. V. 24. He, therefore, having received such a command, brought [them in and] bound them in the inner prison house, t and made their feet fast in the stocks. V. 25. And in the middle of the night, Paul and Silas were praying and praising God, and the prisoners heard them. V. 26. And suddenly there was a great earthquake, and the foundations of the prison were shaken, and all the doors were suddenly opened, and the bands of all of them Avere loosed. V. 27. And when the prison-keeper awoke, and saw that the doors of the prison were open, he took a sword, and wanted to kill himself, because he thought that the prisoners had fled. V. 28. And Paul called unto him with a loud voice, and said unto him. Do thyself no harm, because we are all here, V. 29. And he lighted himself a lamp, and sprang and came in trembling, and fell at the feet of Paul and vSilas. * Liternlly : of a diviner. t Literally : in the inner house of the prison house. K 34 The Palestuiia7i Syriac Version of the Holy ScripUires. V. 30. And he brought them out, and said to them, Sirs, what befits me that I should do, so as to be saved. V. 31. And they said to him, Beheve in our Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy whole house. V. 32. And they spake to* him the word of the Lord, and to* all his household. V. 33. And in the same hour, in the same night, he led [them] and washed their stripes,! and in the same hour was he baptised, and all his household. V. 34. And he led [them] and brought them to his house, and placed meat,J before them, and he rejoiced, he and his household, in the faith of God Textual Notes. Gen. ii, 4-19. y. 4. Instead of ore er^/evero' i] yf^-epa, the Palestinian translator read otc i'^euero y yfiepri. The nature of the sentence obliged him, however, to express the dative force of y y^iepa by the word Ol^j. It would, of course, be possible to alter the interpunction of the MS., and to read OlOj ]k)Qj Oooi p \^'i]o ; but one should in this case have expected r^^M instead of (001 ; note the use of f^llZ] for fc'/ei'eTo in V. 7, and for other instances see P. Sm. Thes. col. 2778. Note the order (agreeing with LXX.) of |l5|0 ]aiiOQ« at the end of the verse. Pesh. has the same order. Y. 5. JOOJQj shows the influence of the LXX. who have ■)(\tvpov, but the translator has been rather free in other points. The LXX. have u^ipov for rni^H with the preceding genitive con- struction in both cases, whilst Pal. Syr. has |JQ.^) for the first, and |l>|> for the second. The ov r^ap e/3pe^ei> of the LXX. answers completely to the Hebrew '^''I^^^n is? "^^, but Pal. Syr. renders ]*p4^, .... r-»-4^f rSA H> ^'""^ there is also no equivalent either in M. or the LXX. to .j^^l. * Literally : with. + Literally : washed them of their stripes, or stripe {I.e. heating). See note on p. 45. X Literally : a table. The Palestinian Syriac Version of ihc Holy Scriptures. 35 «KkA.Vo^A in this verse, and »»*a.Vd.(o in v. 9 may be an accommodation to the Hebr. n'2!i'] ^'ind n?2!!'^V Onkelos and Jonathan have X\^l i" tbis place, and the former has also n?2!ii^1 in V. 9. (oil^ );1d agrees with Kvptoi o 6eo^ in Lucian's recension (Paul de Lagarde's Librorum Vet. Text, pars prior, Gottingce, 1883). the usual LXX. reading being o d?cos- only. Pesh. also (like M.) \*'^ (OOl U in the last clause answers to LXX. ovk »};', tlie Pesh. A.ft>^ and M. pt^ being, strictly speaking, in the present tense. I'he imperfect «A«a^2Lk> is again a free rendering. Instead of jip' ^pfv at the end of the verse, L. has the free rendering ainiji', which is not followed in this version, V. 6. wi> »ia£ik3 = LXX. TTfj^ij ce ; Pesh. 1iQ£ik:o. The Pales- tinian translation is almost identical with the Peshitta in this verse. The LXX. rendering which is followed in both Syriac translations was evidently suggested by the irrigation of Egypt, which could be ascribed to a well (7^777) rather than to a mist {l^). V. 7. |01_§i\ l^lD agrees with M. and Pesh. LXX. only o Oeov, iOj") |aJ 'r:Oi\ (the man Adam) combines the Hebrew Dl^^ with the LXX. rendering at'O/nvTro^- ; so also is most of the following passages. Lucian's \a/3(L^;^Q'^\ is, strictly speaking. ^^ tlie paradise" {see Noldeke, Z.D.M.G., Vol. xxii, p. 511), but the noun is indefinite both in Isi. and LXX. ; Pesh. also only |£Cla)^. 1jjJ,.1d ^\i ^jOO ^Sd combines two different interpretations of the Hebrew Qlp^D- Pesh. Ul^tO ^, Onkelos jir^lp^TlJ • It is, perhaps, worthy of notice that the LXX. interpretation {Kum ni>a7o\av = ^xJ^^ v^) Stands in the second place. V. 9. *Cl'L, again = LXX. er(. The object of this addition to the original text is evidently to harmonise this verse with ch. i., 1 1 -1 2. See also V. 19. No stress can be laid on the exact agreement of CtAi^Sq^ |,£Q^)>Q2>> with Lucian's eV /ncaio 70V -(ifxtceiffov (against 71c E 2 36 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. Tapaleiaw), as this would in any case be the natural Syriac rendering which is also adopted in Pesh. |Zo;i5( •^rk> evidently represents -ow e follows. This pleonasrous appears to show that the force of the Greek particle ce was not understood by the translator (or the copyist ?). The definite tense fn«j> is here used instead of the infinitive form of M., LXX., and Pesh. (OOIO after fcaj;2ik5 agrees with M., Pesh., and the "alia exempl." mentioned in Field^s Originis Hexapla. V. i[. «,^QJiOf — LXX. Ei»e<\aT (Ef;X«T), which is the Greek transcription of n7^in; the so-called Targum Jonathan b. Uzziel has ^nrn r■1^^ • V. 12. OUDOljO (so also Pesh.) is in closer agreement with Lucian's icai to xpuaiov . , . than with to ce xp^fftov . . . IZioki.. = LXX. avOpct^. ]2p> \zij^ z= LXX. o \i0o^ 6 TrjtCKTIl'Of. ISIr. Ball suggests that the Greek translator connected DHti^ w'xih. D1t27j leek, and, therefore, rendered o \i6ov o 7rpaaii'o9, "green like the leek." *Up> ]su:2 is, indeed, literally DIlTn ]li^, the stone of leek. V. 14. v^QJUOQ^ agrees with LXX. KaTeimi'Tt, Pesh. V>.^1DqX, Onkelos and Jonathan have t^ll-'^lt}^ and PI^T'^'t' respectively. *.a^JQ2D, the Syrians, represents the LXX. 'Aaa-vpiwi'. V. 15. V-^Lij = LXX. ou eTrXciffeu ; it is found neither in M. nor in Pesh. ^A> 'icQ^jJOSllU^M. 'p^ p^' Pesh. t ^Ij ]maVr2i£:) LXX. only eV tii- Trapaceiau: L. adds t;/9 t/ji'0//?, a reading adopted in Field's, Or. H. as the accepted reading of the LXX. Note the paraphrastic rendering ;-»^!iDO . . . **jwA2) |0L»>, both M. and LXX. using the infinitive. Pesh. w»01Q-»*r4JO .-jCTIOj »\'=^1> V. 16. Here only VO>|] without IaJ;^. ^on^i ^nntV) = Pesh. ^QdU ^Ik); comp. LXX. ftpwaei * IZ-^ = Arab. Ulj\ < , Jew. Ar. i<'j'n3. The Palatini an Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 37 V. 17. For l^OpI ^^r*"* see the note on v. 9. ^ nn^ Z 2]> (singular) agrees with E. which has 0«7/y (so also M. and Pesh.), against A. which has (pu-p/fTOc (L. (/ictjijTc), and so also is the preceding clause. \\nn./ (J (sing.) against LXX. (^a^cerOc. Note also the emphasized pronoun \>QCLiZ Z(j, where Pesh. only has ^Qd]2j . V. 18. loij (that behold), is a free addition, M., LXX., and Pesh. having no introductory particle. U] (but) is also a free addition. ,* SM = LXX. Troniaw/net' ; Pesh. has the sing, (r^ll), like M. Ol21aO, Pesh. OlZoa] = LXX. icar avroi'. V. 19. Iai2^ 1;Ld agrees with M. and Pesh., LXX. only 6 Oeo1, LXX. 'Acn/t lower down in the verse. • OOlAu (Pesh. tCU() agrees with LXX. aura, the Hebrew text having no object after h^^'^V .001^, in both cases for the Hebrew sing, y^, agrees with Pesh., the I.XX. using the plural avra for the first, and the singular uvto for the second. 2 Kings ii, 19-22.* V. 19. The Hebrew fc^i remains unrepresented, as is also the case with the LXX. (in Lucian's recension, however, 'Irov c/y) and Pesh. ]Zjq1q1 answers more closely to the LXX. KaiotKt^tn^- than Pesh. )oZqSd (. . . > oioZoSo). Lucian's rao-tp after ttoXcw^ is not represented in this version. •Vr^^J = Pesh. xr^}. M. has "i^lS- LXX. o Kvpioi- (without a possessive pronoun), L. crv Kvpie vpof, but Syr. He.x. also ij^?. * These verses are marked in the margin of Brit. Mus. MS. Add. 14,620 as a.^'bhl Nn[311 n^m Smpi. After v. 22 ti' (DPE^); see Lagarde's Vet. Test. Fragnienta (GottingK, 1S80). 38 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. (looZ musl no doubt be taken in an intransitive sense, "barren," and the same meaning or that of "bereft " will have to be assigned to ^\.k2oZ at the end of v. 21. It would, of course, be possible to translate J173tl?p Y"^t^m by "and the land causeth barrenness or bereavement [among men]." But the LXX. aTeKuovueurj is, probably, the word which the Palestinian translator is rendering. Pesh. I^K^i^ may be either active or passive, but IVve^?© in v. 21 can only be active (passive *^i.,^), L., on the contrary, has ('neKi'ovi'Tn in this verse, and ureKvov^ievi^ in v. 21. Syr. Hex. |A,»J.*Uv^ = cneKvovina in this place, and |Zqi^U^1d ( = sterilitas, or orbitas) in v. 21. For the suggestion that lA.iJ.^|..Ak5 ( = areKvov/iievrj) should be read instead of jAaJi^Kv^, see P. Sm. Thes., col. 696. ^ V. 20. The name Elisha at the beginning of this verse and of V. 21 (omitted by L. in the latter instance) evidently comes from the LXX. Pesh, follows M. in omitting it, but Syr. Hex. also M^fcNv in both places. The word \r*^ after (A^QO appears to come from Pesh. |qLd5o (Pesh. a^y]o = t^ifinXeie) agrees with L. Syr. Hex Qjt^j^fo (Pesh. Qi*Aa|o)=:A.at rpe'/vai/, whereas QdXUO of Syr. Hex. =: kui ^\a[ioi' ; see Field's Or. H., in loco. V. 21. Note the p] after Ao-Cd] ; Pesh. merely Aa^|, agreeing exactly with M. and LXX. ; Syr. H. \i\ ]£d1Ld. The "v.-aw" conjunctive in (OU (Jo agrees with L. and Pesh. (U ^oZo). Note AaIoj, "that which is dead ' but perhaps A^ksj = Pesh. Z^k)}, "that which dieth." LXX Oavmo^^M. ni*2. L. has V T lt~o6l'tpKW>' . On ^..A^oZjO = LXX. ("i-ehuovftei'r] ; see note on v. 19. At the end of the verse L. adds ci" nina. V. 22. ^.k^Gi after ]lLco is taken from Pesh. Syr. Hex. similarly ]aLd tQJOl, LXX. m vtma agrees with M. D'^l^^Jl- ;Ld1> at the end agrees with M., most recensions of the LXX,, and Pesh. L. has v tA«A;ycrci' 'EXttrcuc. TJic Paksiinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures, 39 Amos ix, 5-14^?, V. 5. ;iD( —jipDOl is apparently an addition made for T.ectionary purposes (comp. Acts xvi, 16). Pesh. begins with jSd], but LXX., like M., opens the sentence with khi. JJQD r-»t is evidently, like ^\o r*-*A of Syr. Hex., a literal rendering of LXX. iravTOKpmwp ; but instead of the double Kv/no'i of the LXX. Pal. Syr. only has I'rLD; Syr. Hex. also U'r^DO only. fcSjOj ^>C1 represents the LXX. o *l(pfi7rTofict'o^ ; similar instances of rendering the definite article o when followed by a participle are found in vv. 6, 10, 11, and 12 (also once more in this verse: ^a;^SQl) ^^Ol); see Noldeke, oJ>. at., p. 510. Similarly Syr. Hex. ••^»>«? 0C71. OlJ:kQa^ before JlJl is not represented either in M., 1>XX., or Pesh. OlAa after klV^)).^^ represents LXX. avTiju. One should expect ^HLV^^, the active form, but we probably have a conflated rendering, ..IV^?!-^ representing the sense of ^l^m as translated in Pesh. ("^i^jo)) ^^^ the following accusative pronoun OiAj being taken over from the LXX. ; Syr, Hex. consistently 01^ \Li]iDO . iQ^SjAjO (Lnperf.) represents the LXX. TrevOijaovaiv, as it can hardly be supposed that the Palestinian translator deliberately used the imperf. to represent the Hebrew perfect with the waw consecutive. Syr. Hex. also tO^r^lZllO. 01^ after ,^i;*.V)l> also appears to represent the accusative (avTtji') of the LXX., the Hebrew having HD,- Syr. Hex. CTLS- ^9^SiO> (ioiJ j^^ai fcOQCQ^O represent the following M. and LXX. on both sides of the [ ] : — Kttl aua^tjfTeTai^wf TroTafw^ trvvrekeia ttVTijs:, Kai K(na(3>](TeTat^ tt'9 Troiufio^ Ai^jVTnov, In this important reading Pal. Syr. agrees with Syr. Hex. as given in Middledorff's " Codex Syriaco-Hexapiaris," but in Ceriani's facsimile {Moniimenta Sacra et Profana, Vol. VHI) : *OCDJ0 ^9^S£> pOU j^( Zq>jJO : Ol^^> (^ JJOIJ j^l, in agreement with the usual recension of the LXX. It is possible that the adoption of this reading is due to the 40 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures, character of the Service. It was the rising of the Nile, and not the falHng, which was the subject of the celebration. No break is indicated in the MS. after ^j> ^^?, and the clause that follows is, therefore, probably to be attached to v. 5. In this case, the Nile, instead of God, would be here said to build a rising [or aqueduct ?] in heaven. It is, however, possible that ^•«>01 liriij takes up the same subject (1c7l_^ (;iD) as kS;^? ^?01 nearer the beginning of the verse. If so, v. 5 would end (as in the Hebrew text, LXX., etc.) with the word " Egypt." In Syr. Hex. ]io ^ 001 begins v. 6. *|Ax£)Q£Q^ (comp. Syr. Hex. U^f^^^^) is probably to be read as a singular, the LXX. having avu^aaiv, though Pesh. (in agreement with M.) >^010inmV>. OlZ» (^00 = LXX. Kai TTjv tTra^i'^/eXinu avTov, and Pesh. and Syr. Hex. OUIiIqSoo. The accusative pronoun contained in HID^ is not represented, T T : although such a pronoun might easily have been placed after vA^'iLo. This is probably due to the fact that the translation was made from the LXX., and not from the Hebrew. Pesh. and Syr. Hex. also omit the ace. pronoun. In place of lloo ,^0 IcJll^ 1;Ld at the end of the verse, LXX. have only Kvpio^ TiavroKpaTiop (Pesh. pA\»>j Hr^), and M. nirr^ alone. Syr. Hex. ^\o r-^Ajj p;.Sd, in agreement with the usual reading of the LXX. V. 7. Notice that the Hebrew '17 (AQ. e/io^ B. e/tov ; Pesh. i> \) remains here untranslated. Syr. Hex. has wiA. The second ^^I^H (LXX. ov tov 'lfTpnrj\) is not translated either. Pesh. opens the clause with (01. Syr. Hex. ^o-i;CCLiU Q^. . . .A»»\g^\r> is in agreement with M. and Pesh.; Syr. Hex. lA^I^r* »»aJ"^|JO:=LXX. KUl 70VQ2lO —kD agrees (apart from the different spelling) with Pesh. and Syr. Hex., representing LXX. ck KaTTTru^oKta^. ]Qk3Ql ^ (Syr. Hex. Kk)Q.. ^) = LXX. eV fioOpov (the root meaning of "^Ip being " to hollow out"). Pesh., like M., Jj-O ^Ld. It is noticeable that in Josh, xii, 23, -D^13"'^^?:2 is translated TJie Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 41 JnlDQlj f*j p^So in Pesh., the LXX. rendering being there /iaaiXtia Feci. See P. Sm. Thes., col. 2917. V. 8. U.\nno> (Syr. Hex. U-^ajJ^^LXX. twp a/naprw\ivi', ...» w»> ^r^ represents LXX. 7rA//i^ oTf = M. *i2 CC^- ^»;V) p| wiOfcxa^ |J=:LXX. ovK c!>f TeXo9 e^(t/jii: If the Palestinian translator had made his version from the Hebrew, he would probably not have used two different verbs to represent T'!2"ll^t^ ITy^Tl- In the Syr. Hexaplar the LXX. clause is ren- dered by 111 *i»ai-rLD A^ilViaV) i]j. "The house of Jacob "with B. against " Israel " of A. So also Pesh,, Syr. Hex., and M. V. 9. PI ]oi> ^\j,o\=cfoTt Irov cyw of AQ, as opposed to B, which leaves out Irou. Syr. Hex., also (01> . . . > (laZ appears to be a free addition. See the note on P- 57- ^Q2L» |J, where M., LXX., Syr. Hex., and Pesh. (but in Ceriani's facsimile Uj) have " and " at the beginning of the clause. For ^ni.»«n one should probably read ^CncutJ^d, or only tOOlQw.* ; Pesh. tOOin*n>. LXX avi'Tpiju/na (Syr. Hex. Vr^l) without a possessive pronoun following. V. 10. There is here no particle in the LXX corresponding with ^y after ]*3*p*xO. Syr. Hex, .oZokU I'^imn. There is in this version no word to represent the Hebrew 73, LXX. TTciPTe^, Pesh. ^, Syr. Hex. .ocnlo, It appears best to add wkSoi^;^ after w>Q^SiCP, so as to bring the clause into accord with M., LXX., and Pesh, Otherwise we should have to translate, " By the sword, then, shall die /lis sinners," which is not likely. The omission of . * V)S> is probably due to an over- sight on the part of the scribe. Syr. Hex. i.x^i«> pC^>> The plural forms of the participles ,^>0;Q and ^U^ (see note on p. 49) make it necessary to read ]AaA,r> P'- > LXX. also Ta Kcika, though M. and Pesh. use the singular. Syr. Hex. IAajLO. * Middlenorff emends the (jjlO which he had before him into ^0^5]^ hut S.n .'Vn stands in Ceriani's facsimile edition, and this word is also nearer P 42 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. ^Arn before IAaj*^ is free. V. 1 1. The conjunction " and " at the beginning of the verse is neither in M., nor in LXX., Syr. Hex., and Pesh. Note the rendering of the definite tenses used in the Hebrew, I.XX., Syr. Hex., and Pesh. by the participles ;>ai.niD \^\{his) and ]j1 - >i*^^ On the other hand, '^SJJ ^?01 represents the participial forms n7Q2n) t//i' TrcTr-rwKviav, and one should vocalize ^sJj (but Pesh. ^aJj (?).) See note on v. 5, Syr. Hex. rnAVg^Vn " its (or his ? ) ruin," does not agree complecely either with p'^mS (pi- subst. with pi. suffix), or with LXX. to -Traij-TWKOTa avrij^ pi. subst., or with Pcsh. ^OOlAlJO^ (like M. pi. subst. with pi. suffix). If, however, OiA S'^V) (pi.) is rend, agreement is established vvith LXX. ; Syr. Hex. .OOULd ,_j^AaJj^. rnZ' .gj^on "and its (or. his?) destruction" also differs from TnD''*^ni and t« Km€(TKa/.iii6i'a (tvri]9; but GlL^Siy^O would agree with both. Pesh. •*tOC7LiJLat>mV>0 (pi. subst. with pi. suffix); Syr. Hex. in agreement with M. and LXX., OlLaj lAsiwioSQ^O. V. 12. This verse agrees with LXX. (following B against A in points of difference between them ; see Swete's edition /;; /ocv). Pesh. follows M. Syr. Hex. adds 'U'rSo^ as the object of the verb " to seek," thus agreeing with A against B. The reading T;!*!"!'' for TC^I*''^ of M. must here be supposed. ,ril> is best taken as a participle {U. ni^i.^ Pesh. j^?); Syr. Hex. also r^^?' V. 13. IsJ? "threshing," agrees with AQ'^ (iiXotjTo^) against A (aioiTov) ■ Pesh. 1>?1. Notice that this version, like Pesh., uses the substantives "threshing" and "vintage" in conformity with LXX., M. having the participial forms ITlin and '^T\p- Syr. Hex. also la^nl ]3>? ; Pesh. "Is^^ 1'?1. I^^^Vy la^^O "and the vintage the seed [-time]" is evidently a free rendering of the clause as it stands in M. Pesh. (9^10 "^£1115 is nearer 'D^'21^ "[ITI than ]a^CO, though again using a substantive for the participle "J"^!- Syr. Hex. has no equivalent to * Ceriaiii : .OOiAzUaXQIOO. The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 43. (1>V^ la^^O, and as LXX. has here k(u Tre/iKUffct a.-.t.A. (vide infra). there appears to be a strong indication in this place of the Hebrew original having been used by the translator. The next clause : P^JV^ .QyASOaO is evidently an attempt to render the LXX. Kai Trcpk-aon y (nf ' is an attempt to translate LXX. ffv^K/nnoi. Syr. Hex. (As ^12 . 1 (^hns. V. 14^. Note the rendering wiAoiOj, which is the usual Pal Syr. equivalent for ^72^ (LXX. \(iov /lwv ; Pesh. . iSf)S > Syr. Hex, Aets xvi, 16-34. The Palestinian-Syriac translation of these verses is, as can be seen at a glance from the comparison of passages given in ihe Litro- duction, an adaptation from the Peshitta. For the sake of fuller demonstration, however, the more salient points of likeness between these two versions on the one hand, and their differences from the Harklensian translation on the other, Avill be specially marked in the course of the following notes : — V. 16. The opening clause, " in those same days," is an addition, made in order to provide a suitable beginning for a Lectionary lesson : cornp. Amos ix, 5. The introduction of the word ( »k»> N» as the grammatical subject in the third person, and the subsequent use of the personal pronoun (^OOiAj) in the same person instead of the second {ijut,', Pesh. and Hark. ^) is no doubt due to the same cause. ]Za^- A'*^ V ( = df 7i]v Trpoaevxiii') is in agreement with Pesh. Hark, has U^^^- F 2 44 The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures, (LDQCOOj V^O) (genitive construction) agrees, like Pesh. and Harlf., with jrvcvfia llvOwvo^, against the more usual Uvewva. Note that the Palestinian transcriber* employs the "nomen agentis" JSOQCaO, where Pesh. and Hark, have the abstract noun The reading of Pesh. ZoCTI I^D^) )Ld^£D is here altered into tSoomn Zooij ]LdqCQOS. Compare the rendering |iO^ fO l0O\ of Hark., representing exactly the Greek juavrcvofiei'ij. In connection with this phrase the rendering by Hark, of the Greek participle by ^3 with the following verbal form may be noted. Pesh. and Pal. -Syr. are here found to agree in anotlier rendering ; so also e.g. AoaJ fD in v. 17 is the Hark, translation of KcnaKo\ov9ovaa, whilst Pesh. and Pal. -Syr. have Jta (Pal. ilooi) iooi Xtl]o). V. 17. ^r^ after |>a^^1o is evidently a free addition. tQ2^ is in agreement with Pesh., Hark. ; and the more usual Greek reading viiiiv (against ?//*'»') is also to be noted. The rest of the verse is clearly modelled after Pesh. Compare the close following of the Greek text in Hark. V. 18. X^tOh is peculiar to Pal., but the rest closely follows Pesh. Note particularly that Pal. agrees with Pesh. in leaving out V. 19. The likeness to Pesh. is very striking in this verse. Note especially: (i), OUio after Olli »n2J> ; (2), Q.4-»l = ^^-»'l in Pesh. ; (3), the closing of the verse with (j.£)Qji^, " to the market place," and introducing (Al^^j |jBa;Xo into the next verse. On the other hand, mark the close agreement of Hark, with the Greek, the possessive pronouns being, e.g., translated by separate words (otXaJ (jjiO =: 0£ KVpioi ainijv; lOGL^) ]i**AQS> = T/;? Vv. 20-2 1. The likeness to Pesh. is also much apparent. Besides IZajfLoj |aj;\o in v. 20, note the phrases • QJCT ^.i>0G1j> \S.jjii-i, ^-ij") . .^,LDO>>^.»,^i\. answering closely to iQj] l^jOOUj^^^' ^A* Uk)Oai)> ^^4^, in Pesh. * I use this term advisedly, as the Pal. -Syr. version of the lesson is in reality only a modified transcrip.ion of Pesh. The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 45 ^T^5^0 in V. 21 is common to Pal, and Pesh. against ^;£i2Qk)0 in Hark. ; *4^A« agrees, however, with Hark., Pesh. having *CQak). Vv. 22-24. The differences between Pal. and Pesh. in these verses consist merely in the special usage of words and forms, presumably owing to preferences of dialect ; thus Pesh. ODpCD, Pal. Qll^; Pesh. .OOLiAjjJ, Pal. .0C7Lkj|LD ; Pesh. CL».LD)]. Pal. V. 25. Clearly a recension of Pesh., only note »jJ after V. 26. Only a few alterations from Pesh., owing to peculiarities of dialect. V. 27. Also like Pesh. Mark especially I'^aCO -*~"^' against %4^* (ff-rto-fj/tej'os) of Hark. V. 28. Pesh. and Pal. agree in the order of words, Hark, following a different order. The use of \^\ by both Pal. and Hark, against PiDJ of Pesh. may be accidental. V. 29. Clearly modified from Pesh. V. 30. Also like Pesh., but notice the paraphrastic form pCil (ot.»? instead of |*:SSV}\, as in Pesh. V. 31. Differs from both Pesh. and Hark, by the addition of Ol^QOO before yL^-d. The same reading is found in E. 13, and the Armenian version of Misrob, made in the 4th century. See Tregelles in loco. V. 32. Quite like Pesh. .OOlZjQ.^ may be a plural, but the analogy of Pesh. tOOlr-O suggests the singular. V. 2)Z- Note the omission of OCn after MjQ^^I) where both Pesh. and Hark, have that pronoun after the corresijonding word r^L (Gr. ijiaTnifrO)] ainov). V. 34. wij after tOCTl^ is an addition appirently due to some special usage of this particle in the Palestinian dialect. Note the omission of tOOT^QS after OiLtlikyao. The reading of Pal. Syr. is nearer o-yt^ 71c olicw ainov of D. and Lucif. than to ■n-avoiKi, which appears to be followed by Pesh. and Hark (the latter having OlA*^ IAclAqd Jxil) 46 The Falestintan Syriac Version of the Holy Scripiures. Notes on Palestinian Words and Phrases. Gen. ii, 4-19. V. 5. (>Q^ in the sense of a7/>o? is not uncommon in the Palestinian dialect. Noldeke (Beitrage zur Kenntniss der aramais- chen Dialecte II, Z.D.M.G., Band 22, p. 5 18) thinks that this use of the word may be taken to show that the translator (or translators ? ), lived in a district where only the uplands were fit for cultivation. V. 7. For ..mQO), dust, see Miniscalchi Erizzo, Evangeliarium Hierosolymitanum (Lexicon sub loco), and Noldeke, op. cit., p. 515 ; also Schwally Id. in loco. •.k^QAJ appears to be a feminine noun with the termination 1, or perhaps ai ; compare >^ o\qD ' *jiQjZ' etc., in Syriac. Note the use of ^imZlo, literally: "and he was made," to represent the Hebrew "^H'^l = Greek *.-fl/ e^ferero. See P. Sm., Thes. Syr., col. 2778. The Peshitta has (OOIO. f » >r at the end of the verse can only be taken as an adjective qualifying %m.A2i3, and the seydnie mu>t, therefore, be due to a mistake. V. 8. The letter «j which is written over the vacant space between the last two letters of the word, for the purpose of coirecting it into ^QjLfiolo, may be an afterthought; see however, v. 15, where the full form UI4X0I0 is used. V. 9. In view of the scarcity of infinitives in this dialect (Noldeke, op. cit., p. 505), one should notice the infinitival forms ]vr)..v OCTIJ -j»J (where, however, the J was added after ^\j_^ had been written) and ^\j_wa* OOlj ^> in v. 11, which agrees with ^^l1 001J ^J in V. 14, V, 14. Uyii-»1 is the Palestinian Syriac for Al^Dj (Pesh.). Comp. the Assyrian 'Idiklat. wi-iJQflD = ].k-»5Q2D. See Noldeke, op. cit., p. 477. V. 15. Note the separation of OlA* and VOjU by the subject (1ai^ 1-rLD). V. 19. On the use of I'Q^ in the sense of «7/jov see note on V- 5- Note the spelling »j4-*1o ^o*" -»^1o ; see the note on Acts xvi, 19, 2 Kings ii, 19-22. V. 19. Note the form llsoZ, barren, in this verse, and also Vi.xOoZ in V. 21, the latter appearing to be the absolute form of (IsoZ, just as »i^f.A.\V" in v. 20 is the absolute form of (m^Lo in v. 21. V, 20. For 1A\q^, see P. Sm., Thes., col. 3520. V, 21. .nm. or)0X is at first sight curious, but it is pro- bably =fOOLi^Q2lSQL, the *2) being here pronounced like k^, and therefore written so. It answers in sense to the Hebrew lf>5Ii1?2. Comp. IZu^oaaJiD in St. Luke ix, 31. Another possible explana- tion is that the »0 represents the y of .^Q^Sd, just as t-^p'^t^ in Jer. X, II, is the same as t-^i^lh^. See Gesen. Thesaurus, /;/ loco ; also P. Sm., Thes., cols. 397 and 400. Pesh. has ]l OnV^\ . Amos ix, 5-14^. V. 5. |jQO>»» here and at the end of v. 6, as representing TravroKpmiop should be noted for the vocabulary ; ccmp. vt2 in the same sense. 48 The Pakstiniafi Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. With "USdOs, coelum, compare the Samaritan " shumejja," as vocahsed by Petermann (Brevis Linguce Samaritan?e Grammatica . . . . . cum glossario). With lA^^OmiiD, compare lAocokJ (P. Sm. Thes., col. 2650). V. 6. 12.]^ is to be noted as a variation of jZ^^ (see P. Sm., Thes., col. 3702). In kftsllD, the root «.a»1 appears in a verbal form, though such use is rather rare in Semitic languages in general. For instances see Levy's Neuhebraisches und Chaldiiisches Worterbuch under t2Jli?i^ (comp. ^,, ■•^ in Arabic), and Castel's Lexicon Heptaglotton under the same root. yQSi»0 can only be taken as a form of the active participle analogous to the Samaritan form " Katol " (see Petermann's Grammar, p. 21). As the verb is transitive, it cannot be looked upon as an instance of the form Katul for the perfect (see Dalman's " Grammatik des Jiidisch-Palastinischen Aramaisch," pp. 199, 206). y,asi» could, of course, as far as the form goes, be the imperative, l)ut the context is against this view. For the participial form speak also LXX. {Uxei^v), and Pesh. ( r» I )• V. 7. *^j01 U ]LDJ represents the LXX. ov^ ^^ (Hebrew • • D ^"hr^) ; Pesh. only ^ loi. Note the form JlS before fcA-fc.»QS for the construct plural, as noted by Noldeke {op. cit., p. 479). The form *^^jQ2lO is mentioned in P. Sm., Thes., col. 3688, as one of the forms used in place of [^^iOfSlO. V. 8. On the use of (InDO in the sense of " sinner," see Noldeke, op. cit., pp. 518, 519 ; Schwally, Id., in loco. On the form |l!sD^ == JliDJ | (ist pers. sing, imperfect) see Noldeke, op. cit., p. 499. So also, ^.^^j (>V»0 in v. 9, and (1*^iO in V. II. For the substantive form t^O^a.* see Noldeke, op. cit., p. 517. For the use of the Af'el of iO) as exemplified in ^0«;V) see Noldeke, op. cit., pp. 516, 517. Comp. the note on p. 41. V. 9. On |»1 iV> see Noldeke, op. cit., p. 515. Compare the uses ot TO, ^53''Q as given in Levy {op. cit. pp. 104, 105). One should expect ^"| after |>r^> to supply a subject. The Palestinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. 49 1^9,^9 |loZ is literally rendered " the straw of a winnowing fork." U'r^ is probably the same as n"1t!2) which is shown by H. Vogelstein (Die Landwirthschaft in Palastina zur Zeit der Misnah, p. 69) to be the seven-pronged winnowing fork. V. 10. The fern, of the part. plur. imZ( agrees with "l A^.*-^ and we should also expect ^pi\Ci instead of . t*");o. On the form Oil »\s = ,^»1 1\^ see Noldeke, op. cit., pp. 469, 482. V. II. 12ui^2iLd in the sense of "ruin" or "destruction" should be noted for the vocabulary. V. 12, For Q^SoL see P. Sm., Thes., col. 2130. The full form is . . ? Q^l (Noldeke, op. cit., p. 489). For L».\aM see Noldeke, op. cit., p. 519. V. 13. The fem. .|aZ( construed with —olLdQj is irregular. V. 14a. fca.^aiOj exhibits the use of fJOlO in Palest. Syriac as the regular representative of the Hebrew Qi?, Greek Xoo?. Acts xvi, 16-34. V. 16. The *.CD instead of . in ILdqcclO reminds one of the Hebrew spelling (DDIp)- In Land's "Anecdota Syriaca," vol. iv, pp. 200, 203, nrn .Vnmr-iV is found. V. 17. ^P, also found in the form tP== Jewish Aram. "[^"IID, Samaritan Xl'2- V. 18. kODQCCLk (elsewhere QCQa) occurs again in the same form in V. 31. V. ig. wk) after (r^CD is altogether meaningless. It might have been possible (?) to take it as equal in sense to the relative prefix > (compare Jewish Aram. '^"T, and see Adler's " Novi Testa- menti Versiones Syriacse " (Hafnise, 1789, p. 142), if that prefix itself did not follow. q4-»| (=Q*.4^( = QjAa|) points to the state of considerable decay which the dialect had reached when the MS. was written. Comp. »j.4j1o in Gen. ii, 19, and Qa-^^JO in 2 Kings, ii, 20. V. 20. For ^^>nQ;ALo see P. Sm., Thes., col. 2985. V. 21. fcjJ at the end of the verse is very strange. G 50 The rakstinian Syriac Version of the Holy Scriptures. V. 2 2. For the vocabulary note la^lO (=Pesh. ]iMS) ; also ^j^a (= Jewish Aram. I''^!), corresponding here in meaning to V. 24. Note the forms Vs i^n, ^^jlI], . M i n *., and 'rilDl. Comp. Noldeke, op. cit., p. 492. w»> after tOOlA^ is strange. V. 26. Note the use of r^ilZ], where Pesh. and Hark, have (001 U-{€vejo). Comp. Gen. ii, 7. V. 28. For ^.».Lq3, and the various other forms of the same word, see P. Sm., Thes., col. 1738 ; also Schwally, Id. in loco. V. 29. Note the spelhng U-»t^^ instead of the usual Ua^Q^. V. 30. There are in this verse two instances of the first person singular imperfect having the peculiarly Palestinian prefix ».• instead of I, namely, (CTU> and i»J^?. Note that ^ji^^SJ ]!^ was selected in the Palestinian adapta- tion instead of tj^ Uo ]l!sD of Pesh. v. 32. Note the writing 01^*n>m in one word ; so also m A^o.i or> in v. t,t,. In v. 34 the two words are written separatel}-, but »jJ.SO is at the end of the line in the latter case. V. T,T,. For •OOlZjQ.kJ see P. Sm., Thes., col. 2281. Note *l£i.4cD] = »l£i^ . "). The form with »fiD is more common in Pal. Syr. than in the Edessene dialect. VOCABULARY OF UNUSUAL WORDS AND FORMS.* Gen. ii, n. Il^.^l, Gen. ii, 14. ^^^] (=wiA*l), Gen. ii, 19. Q^l (=Qa.^l = a.M), Acts xvi, 19 Q*.^l, 2 Kings ii, 20. r^^] (and similar forms of the perfect tense), Acts xvi, 24. ..^•1 (in *A»]^), Amos ix, 6. A.ao (=in meaning to Ed. Syr, ^,^01), Acts xvi, 22. ^Ol ]3 ]Ld { = ovx w'i), Amos ix, 7. lo.L.ii^, nations, Amos ix, 9. ]]iD (in q!^SQ^, without follow- ing >), Amos ix, 1 2. kQOJ (for *Q2i3) in . Oai*.OQCikD, 2 Kings ii, 21. .0CnZ5Q.yJ, Acts xvi, ss- •^ (ill Uop1), Gen. ii, 9, 17, fcA.k5QAJ, Gen. ii, 7. ,^^ED (for .10^) in .l:S^rD\ Acts xvi, 33, jiom sinner, Amos ix, 8. ]lCi (as a construct plural), Amos ' vO^ (in the form IAajDQEQSd), IX, 7. IZJQki.., carbuncle, Gen, ii, 12. wij ( = fe), very extensively used "jiQ^, «7/»o9. Gen. ii, 5, 19. X».Si.l, raindrops, Ps. Ixv, 1 1. loOJOi, Gen. ii, 5. l>Qx^QO, Acts xvi, 28. IZpj ]si.iJD, emerald, Gen. ii, 12. ]a-»-i^, Acts xvi, 22. Amos ix, 5 (6). ,riL (in ,iiiZl = e7c«'eTo), Gen. ii, 7 .; Acts xvi, 26. jQ\ Gen. ii, 9, 19. 011-*.^ (^^aJLaJsJ;.), Amos ix, 10. »OQ*,i (in ^lOOrJ^), Acts xvi, 20. • ^ (in the form U'ryv^i^) Amos ix, II, * A vocabulary containing the more important words and forms occurring m the entire "Liturgy of the Nile" will b« found at the end of the publication bearing that title. In this vocabulary the more or less unusual forms contained in the Biblical passages treated on are collected on a somewhat fuller scale. 52 Vocabulary. \xjk . Qi5 (for Ij-i » OS), Acts xvi, 29. ^m\Zi (in the form ^aj^^Io ; par- ticiple Pa'el?), Gen. ii, 10. pQa.O. ( = evcoKia), St. Luke ii, 14. »j>*0. (in .Q*j), Ps. Ixv, 14. I^OjQSiO, Amos ix, 7. ]Sonmo (=:]lDO^O), Acts xvi, 16. ^ (Z.l^, Amos ix, 6. Ok*QII>5, Gen. ii, 7. iO) (si^ecial use of Afe'l in IXLi;iD), Amos ix, 8. jl5 (in jl5l = D^i^-^n),Ps.xxix, 3. ].iisDQL», Amos ix, 5 (6). %^O^xA, Amos ix, 8. 'r*^ (in tO;,««.*0), Ps. Ixv, 14. „ (in 'r*»-iy, at the same time one of the instances showing the formation of the ist pers. imperf. sing, by t^ instead of ]), Ps. Ixxi, 8. Aa;^», Amos ix, 12. ^Q£ls (participle active, ana- logous to the Samaritan form), Amos ix, 6. (IsoZ, 2 Kings ii, 19. Vwi^qZ, I'/^'d., V, 21. It HAURISON AND SONS, PRINTBRS IN OKDl.NAKY TO HEK IMAJEiTY, jT. MARTIN b LA.NE, LONDON. PJaTel. Plate IT. man ^.,^yL:jiritai^^\si^ ninilfi' f^!iiiiiiS ni3yn ,^^ Plate III ■Rate IV wimi^Xiua rt3tfuTtiinn5n=^[f^i:«»>^ PLite V. idiCnn rfkiiiaromiQiial^^Ujfii^ni^ Plate. Yl FiaiiunAiaaf^mYn n^nnn>0CyriikiLgf^ni3O Plate JL. >XD :ieyWfciC^wniMwT^iin3iyn3kfci£l Jbi|aiiCDdDujaSf^tfi3^^ «HliiI .^ p Date Due ' ■ ^ (-/ ;_ . Ji^lStf^iy^'aMMi-i iMiinpHi 1 1 ^