m^'i Theodore Scliroeder Authorship of the Booh of Morraon 3P8S7 ,536 m m w AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON Psychologic Tests of W. F. Prince Critically Reviewed BY THEODORE SCHROEDER 14 West 12th Street New York City To which is now added a bibliography oi Schroeder on Mormonism REPRINT AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, WORCESTER, MASS. Vol. XXX, pp. 66-72, January, 1919 AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON Psychologic Tests of W. F. Prince Critically Reviewed BY THEODORE "SCHROEDER 14 West 12th Street New York City To which is now added a bibliography of Schrceder on Mormonism REPRINT AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, WORCESTER, MASS. Vol. XXX, pp. 66-72, January, 1919 JJTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON " By Theodore Schroeder The above title is given by Walter V. Prince to an essay published in the American Journal of FsycJwlogy for July, 1917, vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 373-389. The first paragraph sug- gests some assurance that his essay is going to be " the appH- cation of rigorous psychological tests " to determine the author- ship of the Book of Mormon. I judge that Mr. Prince con- ceives himself to be using the mxCthods of the analytic psy- chologists. His conclusion is that " prolonged analysis and comparison '''=^* make it incredible that Spaulding had any connection with the book, doubtful that Rigdon was implicated, certain that Joseph Smith's hand is perceptible in every part, and probable that he was the sole author, the edifice of whose imagination echoed to reminiscences which he was far from recognizing." Also that " all the assignable data point to him [Joseph Smith] and him alone as the author." This conclusion he says, " is maintained by a few scholars [himself and I. Woodbridge Riley. Any one else?] mostly within the last 15 years." I am of a contrary opinion, even after reading i\Ir. Riley as well as Mr. Prince's *' rigorous psychologic tests." I believe that the main features of the literary plot for the Book of Mormon and many of the names of its characters and places were supplied by the Rev. Solomon Spaulding. That this was revised, mostly by Rev. Sidney Rigdon. It was again re- written or revised between Sept. 22, 1827, and June 11, 1829. This last revision was a collaboration, I believe, of Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, Oliver Cowdry, and perhaps Emma Smith, Hyrum Smith and Joseph Smith. In this work I believe the Smiths were the least potent factors. The historical evidences by which I justify these conclusions have been pub- lished and will not be repeated.^ In short I conceive Joseph Smith to have been an ignorant conscious fraud, at first a mere tool used by more cunning schemers. Here I desire to discuss only the intellectual processes in- 1 See: Origin of the Book of Mormon, in Amer. Historical Maga- zine, Sept., 1906, to May, 1907 ; Republished in Salt Lake Tribune, three Sunday issues in Nov. and Dec, 1907; Also in pamphlet form. Additional corroborative matter can be found scattered through my other essays on Mormonism. 3 4 SCHROEDER volved in Dr. Prince's " rigorous psychologic tests." To me they seem not at all rigorous nor a valid test of anything, and not even an important contribution to any problem except perhaps to the psychology of Dr. Prince. From my view- point it appears that Dr. Prince is exhibiting in marked degree such defective psychologic processes as I have on rare occa- sions observed in some Freudians. By dealing so constantly with those archaic modes of thinking which dominate hyster- ical patients and primitive peoples some analysts, like the victims of archaic mental processes, tend to lose sight of the fact that there are intellectual methods different from those of the average adolescents or even of average human adults. Psychoanalysts become very expert in unraveling and con- sciously imitating the archaic mental processes of their pa- tients. If not clearly conscious of the difference between archaic and mature modern intellectual processes, then analytic psychologists tend to become so obsessed with this unique skill of theirs that they forget to lay it aside for the use of more scientific procedure when dealing with problems other than the immediate therapeutic measures. Thus they some- times tend to become the victims of their own subconscious love of conscious archaic modes of thinking and in consequence they misapply it. This I conceive to be the immediate cause of the evident fallacies of Dr. Prince. Assume, if you please, that some psychologist obsessed by an emotional conflict over masonry, or other secret societies, had undertaken " the application of rigorous psychological tests " to the problem of the authorship of the Book of Mormon. In all probability his tests would have failed in their rigor. Finding that the content of the Book of Mortnon had quite certainly been influenced by the Masonic conflicts of the time, his own compulsive archaic mode of reacting would tend to play him a trick according to well known hysterical procedure. That is to say : his unconscious compulsion toward archaic modes of thinking in relation to secret societies would probably compel him to project his own complex into Smith, only to rediscover it where he had placed it. Then it would compel him to justify his *' discovery " by a special plea based upon specially selected material accompanied by the ignoring of all evidence which tends to contradict his obsession. Thus he would prove to his own satisfaction and that of others similarly obsessed, that Smith was dominated as he himself is being unconsciously controlled. But how does this hypo- thetical procedure differ in its visible factors from Dr. Walter Prince's application of rigorous psychologic tests? We shall ^ee that there is no difference. AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 5 Let us now assume another type of psychologist, one who has no subconsciously working obsessions to read into the situation; one who uses mature intellectual methods instead of the archaic ones. How would such a person proceed with ** the application of rigorous psychologic tests " to this prob- lem. First he would do a little reading to discover all the historic factors of the problem. Among the seven persons who might possibly have contributed to the contents of the Book of Mormon, he would never arbitrarily choose one as its author, and then justify his choice by a pettifogging special plea. On the contrary his " rigorous psychologic tests " would have been applied with equal rigor to all possible authors to discover with whom rests the preponderance of evidence. This would be a better means of determining the choice be- tween the possible authors instead of using mystical psycho- logic procedure to justify a choice, perhaps deter'mined by unconscious subjective conditions, existing in the psychologist. It seems to me that Dr. W. F. Prince weaves a large fabric of theory, using as his woof partially selected material from the Book of Mormon, and as his warp a succession of assump- tions, for which we find an adequate explanation only in the psychoanalytic study of Dr. Prince himself. His argument is constructed mainly from the selection of names appearing in the Book of Mormon. These he finds possessed of certain clang associations, largely with anti- masonry and Morgan. His assumption is that Smith is the coiner of these names. The historic evidence is that some of the names in the Book of Mormon were coined by Spaulding. Upon this and other evidence the claim of Smith's plagiarism from Spaulding is founded. Manifestly it is therefore absurd to think that this plagiarism can be disapproved by psychologic tests which assume the very thing to be proven, namely : that the Book of Mormon names are of Smith's coinage. Dr. Walter F. Prince appears to assume without one particle of evidence, except that in the absence of thorough investiga- tion it might possibly seem to have been so, that a Masonry- Morgan *' ruling complex " existed in the author of the Book of Mormon and that clang association is the only mental pro- cess by which it could be made effective, and that among the seven possible collaborators Smith only was afflicted with such an obsession. A person with dififerent predisposition might have found some evidence that Smith went into the Mormon scheme purely from a desire to get a little easy money. A person eager to justify such a theory by " rigorous psychologic tests " might not choose the Masonic-Morgan complex to explain the 6 SCHROEDER frequency of the name Mormon and numerous others of the similar component sounds. From the money-complex point of view it might look like MORe MONey. It seems just as likely that this explains the fact that out of the forty names begin- ning with M, 25 begin with Mor. If one is going to solve this problem by one's own archaic modes of thinking, and thus read oneself into the situation, it is perhaps possible to find several plausible explanations for the choice of the names selected by Dr. Prince. If the explanations to which we are predisposed cannot be proven from the names of the book probably they can be found in its other factors. Perhaps among these one might consider of much significance the choice of numerous Bible quotations which are incorporated in the Book of Mormon. One w^ho is more zealous as to the use of the scientific method would not assume without discussion that the secret society contents of the Book of Mormon were due to uncon- scious processes. It is certainly possible that Smith and his co-conspirators very consciously, and on a thorough considera- tion of the objective factors of their problem, decided that an anti-secret-society attitude would add to the book's popularity and to the financial returns of their fraud. It requires eviden- ciary facts, and not mere assumption to destroy that possible explanation for the anti-Masonic references in the Book of Mormon. One who is more rigorous than Dr. Prince in his psychologic tests and yet had no broader aim than by psychologic methods merely to determine how much evidence could be found to support the claim of Smith's authorship of the Book of Mormon would proceed very differently. Such a person might begin with a study of Doctrine and Covenants, a volume of " reve- lations " for which Smith frankly assumed responsibility and where no question of plagiarism is involved, and which has much internal evidence of being dominated at least in thought by Smith's personal conscious motives. From this volume one could probably learn something of Smith's complexes. There one could find evidence also to support the theory of a dom- inant money-complex. Then his authorship of the Book of Mormon might to some extent be tested out, by seeing if these dominant complexes otherwise discovered to exist in him, find equal predominance in the contents of the Book of Mormon. Dr. Prince reverses this procedure. He finds in the Book of Mormon much that evidently reflects the Masonic contro- versy of the time. He assumes that this must be the product of the unconscious processes of the author's complexes. Then AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 7 he assumes that Joseph Smith is the author. Next he argues that therefore, Smith must be obsessed by an anti-Masonry complex. Finally he manufactures history to acquire a seem- ing confirmation to his theory. Dr. Prince admits that in the large volume of Smith's " reve- lations " he finds only three circumstances to support his theory of a dominant obsession revealed by clang associations. Instead of allowing this to create a doubt as to the correctness of his theory he invents an explanation without evidence when he says it is so, "probably because the 'psychic censor' having the models so closely at hand took alarm and rejected similar sound combinations." In other words, when the Book of Mormon was finished. Smith's " obsession " suddenly and per- manently disappears without any other explanation, and Joseph Smith himself became a mason, in spite of this anti-masonic obsession. Not long after its organization the Mormon church as a whole became a secret society and later was admittedly a " bastard masonry." At the time of writing the Book of Mormon,^ Hyrum Smith a brother and co-conspirator of Joseph Smith was already a mason, as also were Heber Kim- ball and others of the neighborhood who became leading Mormons. It requires more evidence than Dr. Prince has produced to prove that Joseph Smith had an anti-masonic obsession, working subconsciously. But let us examine the one evidence of anti-masonic obses- sion which is adduced by Dr. Prince as being operative after 1829. He says that " the one Morgan- Anti-Masonic complex *** in after years subconsciously influenced Joseph Smith to call his fiscal institution on the wild cat bills which it issued an * Anti-Banking Company.' " But is it true ? Again we have mere assumption both as to the nature of the complex and of the subconsciousness of the determinant of this choice. The fact is that Smith had organized the "Kirtland Safety Society " without well defined purpose in its articles of agree- ment. Under this charter he attem.pted to do a banking busi- ness and issued "wild cat" notes in the usual form as emanat- ing from a Kirtland Safety Society Bank. This, I suspect, was done in violation of the banking laws of the State and Smith became apprehensive of arrest. In this situation Smith's problem was one of evading the banking laws without seriously lowering the efficiency of his fraud. Smith solved his problem in this fashion. The company was reorganized under the title of " Kirtland Safety Society Anti-Banking Company " whose articles of agreement did not specifically authorize the doing of bankin g business. The capital stock was fixed at 2 Masonic Standard. April 7, Sept. i, 1906; also: Salt Lake Tribune, June 24, 1917. 8 SCHROEDER "not less than" $4,000,000 and the articles of association authorized the officers to do unlimited borrowing. The bank notes already existing were again run through a printing press and the prefix " anti " and the suffix " ing " and " Company " were printed before and after the word " Bank." It was doubtless believed that this would furnish a sufficient technical legal defence against a charge of falsely and fraudulently pretending to conduct a bank in conformity with the modest safe-guards of the banking statutes. At the same time the prefix " anti " and the other additions were printed in such small type relative to the word " Bank," that careless observers would still be effectively deceived, and yet perhaps the penal- ties of the law would be technically evaded. In the light of the facts objective to Smith, what need or excuse is there for assuming without even the least evidence that this use of the prefix " anti " was " subconsciously influenced " by a dominant " Morgan- Anti-Masonic complex?" Is Dr. Prince again re- vealing the subconscious influence of his own anti-secret society complex ? Why should one assume that Smith more than Rigdon or Cowdry had read and been influenced by anti-masonry litera- ture when that is the very issue to be decided by " rigorous psychologic tests ?" Rigdon, Pratt and Cowdry at least could read and write. Smith was so illiterate that he could not even write his own manuscripts. Oliver Cowdry was his chief but not his only amanuensis. Again Dr. Prince says truly that the author of the Book of Mormon " was familiar with some book giving a meagre ac- count of the first voyage to America." Why familiar with only " meagre account ?" Spaulding we are informed had a considerable knowledge of fact and speculation in relation to this subject. Why assume that such knowledge influenced the illiterate Smith and that such knowledge did not come through Spaulding, the Amherst graduate? Only for the sake of the argument, let us assume with Dr. Prince that the name Olihah in the Book of Mormon could not possibly have had any other origin than as a subconscious vari- ation of Oliver. Yet why also assume without evidence that Smith and not his scribe and fellow conspirator Oliver Cowdry is responsible for the choice ? Again let me assume without evidence as does Dr. Prince that the word " tahhanes " in the Book of Mormon could have no other origin than as a subconscious variation of " tannery." How does this prove that Smith had a tannery complex? I remember no evidence that Smith ever saw a tannery. I do know of evidence that Sidney Rigdon worked in a tannery. This would tend to confirm my theory as to Rigdon's revision AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 9 of Spaulding's manuscript, rather than to prove Smith's au- thorship. Dr. Prince makes much of names in his argument. Thus true to his own psychologic predisposition he cannot allow any other origin for the name Maroni except that same old anti-masonry-Morgan complex. In the light of the historical evidence of the plagiarism of the Book of Mormon from Spaulding's "Manuscript Found" another possible explana- tion suggests itself. Spaulding was a clergyman with two degrees from Amherst College. He must have known some- thing of history and Latin and the use of reference books. If such a person had been seeking for the names of persons which were to be used in fiction as emigrants to prehistoric America he might have easily found and appropriated the name " Mo- rone or Moroni " from the Italian where it distinguishes several prominent citizens. One of the persons who made the name of Moroni famous was a Romanist cardinal who suffered imprisonment for heresy under Pope Paul IV. It is quite possible that Spaulding, the heretical backsliding clergy- man found something attractive in the life of Cardinal Morone or Moroni, and that this induced him to select that name for some of the characters of his story, and particularly as the name of an angel who showed where the ancient record of Mormon was buried, on the basis of which Spaulding thought (according to preserved evidence) to establish a new religion, to show the absurdity of all religions. Of course I do not know that this is the true explanation of the use of that name. But I will say that in the light of the historic evidence of Spaulding's contribution to the contents of the Book of Mor- mon this seems to me a better supported explanation than that Smith coined the name in consequence of a subconscious Mor- gan-Anti-Masonic complex. Other names in the Book of Mormon can be similarly explained. Furthermore it seems to me that the special character of the variations used in sim- ilar Mormon names find at least plausible explanation in Spaulding's study of Latin. That I must not discuss at this time. I believe that even this brief criticism of Dr. Prince's " ap- plication of rigorous psychologic tests " to the problem of authorship of the Book of Mormon shows his method to be so defective as to leave his conclusions wholly valueless. He reasons around in a circle, in a fine mystical or archaic fashion. Perhaps he should secure the' services of a psychoanalyst for his self understanding before he attempts to use psychology as a tool to explain others. Then he will not be tempted to con- struct special pleas in support of personal whims. 10 SCHROEDER THEODORE SCHROEDER ON MORMONISM A BIBLIOGRAPHY Abolish the golden rule. Truth Seeker (New York City) 39:679; Oct. 26, 1912. Objection to the Golden Rule is based mainly on its appli- cability to the Mormon's justification of blood atonement. Appeal of polygamists answered by Utahns. Kinsrnan (Salt Lake City, Utah) n. s. 2 (no. 16) :44-47; Dec. 1899. This article was published as an Associated Press dispatch of Dec. 8, 1899, and appeared in daily papers of Dec. 9, 1899. It deals with the exclusion from the House of Representatives, of Brigham H. Roberts. Written by T. S., signed also by others. Criticized because demanding only cessation of polygamous progeny, not cessation of marital relations. Authorship of the Book of Mormon. Psychologic tests of W. F. Prince critically reviewed by "^ * , to which is now added a bibliography of Schroeder on Mormonism. Re- print: American Journal of Psychology (Worcester, Mass.), 30:66-72; Jan. 1919. 18p. Bibliography pp. 10-18. Replies to an article of same title in same Journal for July, 1917. Bit of original evidence. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake Citv, Utah) (no. 9) :181-3. [n. d. 1900]. One of the original conspirators confirms the fraud in the origin of the Book of Mormon. This evidence is not included in any argument on the subject with which I am acquainted. Case of Senator Smoot ; an academic discussion. N. Y. 1905. Reprinted from the Truth Seeker, N. Y. 32:70-2; Feb. 4, 1905. Deals with the eligibility of Apostle Reed Smoot for the U. S. Senate. Centre of information. Sword of Laban (Pikesville, Kv.) n. s. 1 (no. 1) :8; Jan. 1912. Extracts from Lucifer's Lantern, no. 8. " A centre of information," advocating its establishment for anti-Mormon in- formation. Credibility of witnesses. Sword of Laban (Pikesville, Ky.) 3 (no. 2) :7-8; Mar. 1911. Deals with the credibility of Mormons and apostates in matters involving vital Mormon issues. AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 11 Defense of Roberts and polygamy, by his plural brother-in- law. Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) n. s. 2 (no. 15) :l-4; Nov. 1899. This correspondence resulted from the rejection of Mr. S's reply to Theodore W. Curtis (in Arena, N. Y. for June, 1899) which reply was later published in the Kinsman (Review of the defense of Roberts and polygamy) Salt Lake City, Utah, Dec. 1899; and in abridged form in the Missionary Review of the World, N. Y. Nov. 1899. (Some facts about Mormonism.) Free lance society and the churches ; a few remarks made by A. T. Schroeder at the Lagoon, Aug. 13, 1897. n. t. p. — n. d. (Sah Lake City, Utah, 1897). lOp. Reprint from the Argus (Salt Lake City, Utah) Aug. 14, 1897. This is of small importance to the discussion of Mor- monism. Revised under title of " Secularism and the churches," in the Truth Seeker, Sept. 21, 1912, and issued as a tract by the Free Thought Tract Society, N. Y. City. Godly grogshops. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 2):29-30; Aug. 1898. Much elaborated under title "Mormonism and intoxicants" in American Historical Magazine 3:237-49; May 1908. Gospel concerning church and state. (Salt Lake City, Utah, 1897.) 29p. n. t. p.— n. d. Signed: Juab, a high private in Israel. In sarcasm this essay justifies a union of church and state, on the authority of compiled inspired sermons. Commented on in Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah) Oct. 12, 1897, in edi- torial headed : " An outrageous production." Gospel concerning education. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 3) :44-56; Nov. 1898. Signed: Juab a high private in Israel. In the same spirit as the foregoing item this justifies mormon education in public schools. Harper's Weekly (N. Y.) 24:17; Tan. 6, 1900. An interview, published without title or headline, and replying to an article on Mormonism by Apostle Brigham Young, jr., which had been published in Harper's Weekly for Dec. 16, 1899. Heavy tax. Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, Utah) Sept. 6, 1891. This deals only with municipal politics at a time when the author's sympathies were pro-Mormon. Hypocrites. They practice not what they preach. Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, Utah) Sept. 13, 1891. Signed : A. T. Heist. Part of the author's youthful pro-Mormon ebullitions and criticises the anti-Mormon regime. Deals with local politics. 12 SCHROEDER Imphood and the churches. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 2) :33-41 ; Aug. 1898. Reprinted from the Argus (SaU Lake City, Utah) Aug. 14, 1897, where it appeared under title of "Free Lance Society and the churches." See above. Incest in IMormonism. American Journal of Urology and Sexology (N. Y. City) 11 (no. 10) :409-16; Oct. 1915. This article is briefly abstracted in the Psychoanalytic Re- view 3 :223-30 ; April, 1916. It shows incest to have been prac- tised with ecclesiastical sanction. Joe Smith; his revelation. Truth Seeker (New York City) 31 :802-3, 818-19, 834-5; Dec. 17, 24, 31, 1904. Slightly revised from a lecture entitled : " Thoughts sug- guested by a study of Mormonism," which was delivered at Unity Hall, Salt Lake City, Utah, in March, 1897. Published also as a pamphlet, with title : " Mormonism Considered." Also under title : " Thoughts Suggested by a Study of Mormonism," in Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) Sept. 1898. Joseph Smith's politics in answer to Cockerill's cock-and-bull story. Schroeder's reply to the statements of Trumbo's literary booster. Reprinted by [Utah] Democratic State Com. from Salt Lake Herald, of Sept. 30, 1895. 8p. Aims to prove that the " prophet," Joseph Smith if alive would have endorsed the Democratic party's platform. This was an answer to part of a magazine article favoring Isaac Trumbo's candidacy for the U. S. Senate, which appealed to Mormons by - the claim that the original " prophet " believed in the principles of the Republican Party of 1895. Lucifer's Lantern; edited by A. T. Schroeder. (Salt Lake City, Utah) Nos. 1-9. June, Aug., Nov., 1898; Feb., June (double no.), Sept., 1899; May, 1900. Last issue without date [1900] " A parrhesian periodical about peculiar people, published whenever the spirit moves and the purse permits." Strongly and exclusively anti-Mormon. Mexican battalion again. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 2):31-2; Aug. 1898. Addendum on p. 41-42, of the same number. Much elaborated in: "A question of Mormon patriot- ism," which appeared in the American Historical Magazine, N. Y. I (no. 4) :279-9i ; July, 1906, and elsewhere. Miscellaneous abstracts. Psychoanalytic Review (N. Y. and Lancaster, Pa.) 3 (no. 2) :223-30; April, 1916. Abstracts : Sex-determinant in Mormon theology ; Incest in Mormonism ; Proxies in Mormon polygamy. AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 13 Mistaken methods of fighting Mormonism. New York Her- ald. No. 23211 : section 5, p. 3 ; March 2, 1900. Opposes sectarian missionaries and legal coercion. Same thought very much elaborated in Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) no. 8. Mormen-Manggiftets historia fran deras egna kaller. (Bear- betning fran A. T. Schroeder's " Polygamy and Inspired Lies.") Siens-Stjarnan (Salt Lake City, Utah) 3:2-3, 2-3, 6-7, 7; Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., 1898. See " Some Facts Concerning Polygamy " for further information.. Mormon ( ?) advice to methodist ministers. Lucifer's Lan- tern (no. 1):19-21; June, 1898. Signed : Juab, a high private in Israel. In sarcastic vein it defends lying about polygamy, by justifying the use of words in a double sense. Mormon and mason. Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, Utah), Dec. 6, 1891. This letter was written under pro-Mormon sympathies which then made the author believe that he was answering the " church and state " accusation against Mormons, by showing that under the rule of their opponents the officers were largely held by members of the masonic fraternity. Mormon " apostles " as counterfeiters. Lucifer's Lantern (Sah Lake City, Utah) (no. 9) :190-6. [1900] Proves that in Illinois and in early Utah, they violated U. S. statutes against counterfeiting money. Mormon blood atonement. Truth Seeker (New York City), 32 (no. 15) :226-7; April 15, 1905. Considerably enlarged from the Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) 2:39; Dec. 1899. Shows the teaching of blood atonement by " the mouthpieces of God," as reported in the official organs of the Mormon church. Mormon problem. Philadelphia Ledger [ ?] (Sunday issue perhaps March or April, 1900). Republished from N. Y. Herald, where it was entitled: ''Mistaken methods of fighting Mormonism." Philadelphia pub- lication now could not be located. Opposes sectarian mission- aries and legal coercion. Same thought is very much elaborated in Lucifer's Lantern, no. 8. See : Thoughts on the Mormon prob- lem. Mormonism and intoxicants. American Historical Maga- zine (New York City), 3 :237-49 ; May, 1908. Enlarged from article: "Godly grogshops," in Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) no. 2. Shows Mormon leaders to have conducted saloons and distilleries. 14 SCHROEDER Mormonism and masonry. Masonic Standard (New York City) 11 (no. 14) :2 ; Apr. 7, 1906. Answered in same journal on Sept. i, 1906, by Elder Mor- combe. Essay of Mr. S. is revised and published in Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) June 24, 1907. Shows connec- tion between masonry and endowment house initiation. Mormonism and prostitution. Medical Council (Philadel- phia) 14 (no. 5):171-8; May, 1909. Answers negatively the question whether Alormonism and its polygamy tend to the abolition of prostitution. Mormonism considered; being a lecture delivered at Unity Hall, Salt Lake City, Utah, March, 1897, entitled: Thoughts suggested by a study of Mormonism to which are added numerous references and a few remarks on the rewards of a liberal faith. (Salt Lake City, 1897.) 35p. Republished in Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) no. 7, and slightly enlarged in the Truth Seeker, N. Y., Dec. 17-31, 1904, under title: Joe Smith; his revelation. Mormon's heaven. Truth Seeker (New York City), 43 (no. 29) :449-450; July 15, 1916. Reprints greater part of: Sex-determinant in Mormon theology. Portrait. N. Y. Times vs. Geo. Q. Cannon. Lucifer's Lantern (nos. 5 & 6) :75-121 ; June, 1899. This is a collected series of anonymous letters which were first published in the N. Y. Times and partly repubhshed in the Salt Lake Tribune and the Salt Lake Herald, beginning Feb. 12, 1895. These letters were written by another. Mr. S. read them in manuscript and was consulted concerning their contents. This, and the fact that he republished them, thus assuming the responsibility for their libelous character and challenging a criminal prosecution, with which the N. Y. Times had been threatened, is the only connection of T. S. with them. The letters deal with the political and business management of the church, by the most conspicuous leader of the time. Open letter to Rawlins and Henderson. Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1897. Deals with their candidacy in opposition to ex-apostle Moses Thatcher, for a seat in U. S. Senate, and with the issue of the union of church and state therein involved. Origin of the Book of Mormon. American Historical Maga- zine (New York City), 1:380-96, 518-33; 2:57-76, 213-30, Sept. and Nov. 1906; Jan. and May, 1907. Very slightly revised from pamphlet of same title. Re- published in Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) Sun- day issues during Nov. and Dec. 1907. Answered by Elder B. H. Roberts in American Historical Magazine (N. Y.) 3:441-68, 551-80; 4:22-44, 168-96, 1908-1909. AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 15 Origin of the Book of Mormon, re-examined in its relation to Spaulding's " Manuscript Found." (Salt Lake City, Salt Lake Ministerial Association, 1901.) 56p. Shows the Book of Mormon to be a plagiarism. Published in slightly revised form in American Historical Magazine (N. Y.) V. 1-2; 1906-1907. See above. Phases of Mormonism. Vicarious vice, vicarious atonement, and especially proxy husbands for certain wives. Truth Seeker (New York City), 43 (no. 14) :215-16; April 1, 1916. This is a part of "Proxies in Mormon Polygamy" pub- lished in The Forum, N. Y., March 1916. Truth Seeker con- tains also charcoal portrait of author, and brief biographical note. Abstracted in : Pschoanalytic Review 3 :223-30. Polygamy and inspired lies. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, U.) (no. 1) :2-18; June, 1898. See : "Some facts concerning polygamy," for fuller in- formation. Polygamy and the constitution. Arena (Trenton, N. T.) 36: 492-7 ; Nov. 1906. Opposes constitutional amendment giving U. S. Congress power to legislate upon polygamy within the states. Polygamy in Congress ; the Mormon breach of faith. Arena (N. Y.) 23:113-20; Feb. 1900. Discusses the case of Brigham H. Roberts, the polygamous congressman-elect. It is a special plea, much of which now would not be said in the spirit in which it was said. This is accompanied by an article from Theodore W. Curtis, Mr. Rob- erts' brother-in-law, presenting the contrary view. Polygamy not dead. Madison Democrat (Daily paper of Madison, Wis.) April 7, 1901. An interview. Prayer in the legislature. Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, Utah) Jan. 26, 1896. A letter of protest against publicly paid prayer-makers. Preachers and priesthood. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 4):71-2; Feb. 1899. Same thought elaborated in " Schroeder against Peet," which appeared in the Truth Seeker, N. Y. 23 1802-3 ; Dec. 23, 1905. See: A reply to a defense of Mormons Proxies in Mormon polygamy. Forum (N. Y.) 15:341-51, Mar. 1916. Abstracted in Ps3^choanalytic Review 3 1223-30 ; April 1916. 16 SCHROEDER Question of Mormon patriotism. American Historical Mag- azine (New York City) 6:279-91; July, 1906. Republished in Salt Lake Tribune, Feb. 19, 1907. This article deals with the Mormon battalion in the Mexican war. Were these saints, martyrs, patriots or grafters? A preliminary discussion of the same theme is found in Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 2). Also leaflet, n. t. p. — n. d. i6p. Rebellion and that prophecy. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 3) :57-8; Nov. 1898. Exposes an alleged revelation to Joseph Smith, dated 1832, concerning the American civil war. Reply to Roberts' plea. New York Times, no. 15575:4; Dec. 9, 1899, and many other daily papers. Associated Press dispatch written by Theodore Schroeder during the hearings for the exclusion of Elder B. H. Roberts from the House of Representatives. Signed A. T. Schroeder and several others. Also published in the Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) for Dec. 1899, p. 44-47. Reply to the defense of Mormons and an attack upon the Ministerial Association of Utah. [n. p.] N. Y. 1905. lip. Reprinted from the Truth Seeker (N. Y.) 32:802-3; Dec. ^3, 1905. The original letter was headed : " Schroeder against Peet;" and defends the Protestant clergy of Utah as less offen- sive from the secularist viewpoint than the Mormon priesthood. Second ed. of pamphlet has postscript added. Review of the defense of Roberts and polygamy. Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) n. s. 2 (no. 16) :33-44, Dec. 1899. This is an answer to an article in the Arena, N. Y. for June, 1899, entitled : " A word for the Mormon," by T. W. Curtis. Mr. Roberts' brother-in-law. Enlarged from: Some facts about Alormonism. Roberts' defense met by facts. New York Herald, no. 23100: 3 ; Nov. 20, 1899. Dictated by Theodore Schroeder to Dr. George H. Hep- worth who signed the article, and mentioned Schroeder as col- laborator in the opening paragraph. Roberts' ic^cntile support. Lucifer's Lantern (no. 7) :123-6; Sept. 1898. Contends that the fact that Roberts in his candidacy for member of Congress received non-Mormon support was due to the fact that his opponent, though a monogamist, had been one of the church's blood-atoners. Reprinted from the Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) n. s. I 1302-4 ; Aug. 1899. AUTHORSHIP OF THE BOOK OF MORMON 17 Sanctified lust. Lucifer's Laivtern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 4):61-5; Feb. 1899. Deals with alleged divine sanction for polygamy. Schroeder against Peet on the Mormon question. Truth Seeker, N. Y. 32:802-3; Dec. 23, 1905. Answered by V. S. Peet, a "jack-Mormon" in the Truth Seeker 33:38; Jan. 20, 1906. This article published in pamphlet form under title: " A reply to the defense of Alormons." Sex-determinant in Mormon theology ; a study in the eroto- gensis of religion. Alienist and Neurologist (St. Louis, Mo.) 29:208-22; May, 1908. This article is abstracted in the Psychoanalytic Review 3:223-30; Apr. 1916, and is translated in Imago (Leipzig u. Wien) April, 1914, but with references omitted and slightly abridged. Repub. abr. in Truth Seeker (N. Y.) July 15, 1916. See : The Mormon's heaven. Sexuelle Anteil an der Theologie der Mormonen. Imago (Leipzig u. Wien) 3:197-204; April, 1914. Trans : Sex-determinant in Mormon theology. Abridged and references omitted. Abstracted in : Psychoanalytic Review 3:223-30; April, 1916. Special committee to investigate the eligibility of Brigham H. Roberts, of Utah, to a seat in the House of Representa- tives. (245p. Wash. D. C. 1890.) In this hearing T. S. appeared as attorney against Mr. Roberts. The book contains the proceedings from day to day, the arguments of Roberts and Schroeder and reports of the committee. Some facts about Mormonism ; a review of the article : " A word for the Mormons," by T. W. Curtis. [This latter had been published in the Arena, June, 1899.] Missionary Re- view of the World 12 (no. 11) :809-17; Nov. 1899. Enlarged and republished in the Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) Dec. 1899, under title: Review of the defense of Roberts and polygamy. Some facts concerning polygamy. [Salt Lake Citv, Utah] n. t. p. 24p. 1898. Reprinted from the Kinsman (Salt Lake City, Utah) May and June, 1898, and: Lucifer's Lantern, no. i, where it has title: "Polygamy and inspired lies." In Americana 10:608, June 1915, Elder Brigham H. Roberts reports this article as marking the beginning of that " very remarkable arousement " which resulted in his exclusion from the House of Representatives. This article was answered by Charles Ellis in Deseret [daily] News (Salt Lake City, Utah) June 10, 1898. Deseret Weekly (Salt Lake City. Utah) July 2, 1898. T. S's article published in Swedish: Siens Stjiirnan, Salt Lake City, Aug. to Nov. 1898. See: Mor- men Miinggiftets. 18 SCHROEDER StateiTient of the Thatcher case. Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) Dec. 11, 1896. Deals with troubles of Moses Thatcher the apostle who was unfrocked for defending his political freedom against ecclesiastical dictation. Thoughts on the Mormon problem. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 8) :155-79; May, 1900. Deals with the solution of the Mormon problem and advo- cates secular educational methods as against missionary and legal methods. Thoughts suggested by a study of Mormonism. Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 7) :127-47; Sept. 1898. A lecture : First printed as a pamphlet, with title : " Mor- monism considered ;" later enlarged and published in the Truth Seeker, N. Y. Dec. 17-31, 1894 under title: "Joe Smith, his revelation." Utah's advanced woman. Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City, Utah) Feb. 24, 1900. Republished from N. Y. Tribune, no. 19450:7; Feb. 15, 1900. Deals with woman's suffrage in Utah. Was Joseph Smith, "the prophet," an abortionist? Lucifer's Lantern (Salt Lake City, Utah) (no. 9) :184-9. [1900] An attempt to prove that he was. For publishing this the Alormons vainly attempted to have the author indicted. LIBRARY COLLECTIONS ON MORMONISM Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Historian's Office, Salt Lake City, Utah. Free Public Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, Masonic Collection. Harvard L^niversity Library, Cambridge, Mass., Pierce Col- lection. Nev/ York Public Library, New York, N. Y., Berrian Collec- tion. See : List of works in the library relating to the Mor- mons. N. Y., 1909. Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Lamoni, Iowa. The " Josephite " or non-polygamous branch of Morm.ons. Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wise. Schroeder Col- lection. SHEPARD BOOK COMPANY, Salt Lake City, Utah, Specializes on Mormon literature Date Due | /v' 1 1 •^Y / ■•''■^' ^^A^"*'*'^^ ff f) ! i I liifi Manu/aclurtJ iy GAYLORD BROS. Inc. [ Syracuse, N. Y. Stocltkon, C*Uf. ' AuriTorshipoftheBookofKlormon P.mceton Theological Sem,nar,-Spw Library 1 1012 00037 0017 .%' ♦4f \:^<'^f"