* MAY 5 1900 * Divisian JSi) I \ 1D Secii> .^"P^ZZ- No Q. THE PrCitchcr'^3 dTomflcte ^omilctical COMMENTARY ON THE OLD TESTAMENT (ON AN ORIGINAL PLAN) Mith (Critical anb ^xplanatorn, 7 Ambition. 29 Amen, meaning- of, 321 Amanuensis, the faithful. 373 Amorites dispossessed. 102 Amalek. doom of. 310. 311 Animals, clean and unclean, 218. 224 Anger, divine. 38."). 387 Armies, defective, .-)72 Apostasy punished. 9(i Apparel interchanged. 284 Arrows of G-od. 387 Assembly, a solemn. 237 Assher. fulness of blessing. 410 /Esthetics, religious, 287, 289 Authoritj', parental, 280 Battlements, making, 28(! Benevolence, G-od"s. 294 Beginnings, small. 316 Beneath and above. 336 Benjamin, the beloved, 4o3 Bible, i^reserved. 8, 91 : conflicts of. .-)7 : honoured. 7() : a family book. 13."). 161, 369 : rule of life, 194 : religion of. 140 : in national history. 91. 369 : method of spreading, 369 ; publicly read. 370 Blessings, great. 217: divine. 332 ; wonder- ful. 332, and cursings. 323 Blood, sacred, 204 ; prohibited. 205 ; spilt. 233 Birds, cared for, 285 ; nests of. 285 ; wavs of. 291 Blindness, judicial, 338 ; spiritual, 349 Boaster, impious, 352 Bread, unleavened. 237 Bush, dweller in. 409 Cattle, stray, 284 Camp, sanctity of. 295 Canaan, conquered. 152 ; a good land, 160, 165 ; introduced. 164, 170 : distinguished, 193 ; land of promise, 196 Choice, important, 195 : alternative. 361 Children, blessings. 23 ; cared for, 71 ; an- cestors of. 76 : good. 115 : questions of. 142 ; trained. 198 ; duty of. 329 Church, the Christian, reputation of, 214 ; duty to poor. 229 Charity and prayer. 317 Chastisement. 198 Cleanliness, 295, 296, 298 Circumstances, Divinely thought of, 222 Congregation, exclusion from. 293 Conflicts, life's, 366 Conquest, of kings, 83 ; territories. 84 ; foreign, 341 Commandments, 10(). 129, 142 ; kept. 183 ; perfect, 207 Commerce. Christian, 309 Courage, 11, 270 Controversies, decided, 248 Consecration renewed, 350 Covetousness, 121 Covenant, in Horeb. 106 ; merciful, 155 ; renewed, 349, 319 Crimes, abominable. 329 ; unknown, 276 Conspirators overthrowm, 189 Curse, turned into blessing, 294 : threefold. 336 ; upon condiict. 197, 214 Customs, wordly. 21(') Dathan and Abiram, 189, 198 Dan. activity and conflict, 410 Day. memorable, 166, 318 Danger, recognised. 12 Decision, 195 Deception, cautioned. 193 Devotion and daily life. 317 Desire, unlawful, 119 Death, near, 63 ; a sleep. 372 Destiny reached, 9 Delay and discipline. 72 Deeds and woi'ds. 124 Dew. 378. 896 Discipline. Divine. 158 : in life. 188 : need- ful. 279 ; national, 318 Divine law and conduct, 387 Diet, laws of, 205, 207 INDEX. Divorce, law of, 300. 3ul Disobedience, penalty of. S:U Dishonour, filial, 32.") Disappointment, parental. 339 Distress, elements of. 338 Dulness. spiritual. 348 Duty, urfrent, 14 : performed. 38. 159. 414 : enforced. 65, 395 ; simple, 359 ; delayed, 67. 351 : conscientious. 224 : moral and positive. 289 Drunkenness and gluttony. 282. 35(1 Edomite and Eg-yptian. 294 Enemy, routed, 334 Encourag-ement. 52. 69 : divine. 81 : of duty. 150 Egypt remembered. 112. and Canaan. 19U Evil, steps of. 34 ; inducements of. 212 : great. 344 ; known to God. 373 Failure, 41 Faith, power of. 52. 53 Fear of God. end of commandment. 131 : foundation of religion. 143 Fears anticipated, 152 ; forbidden. 271 : an- tidote to. 367 Feasts. Jewish, 24. 245 ; three great. 241 Favour, divine. 167 Feet, sliding. 392 First fruits, feast of, 240 Firstborn, dedication of. 231. 232 Folly, human, reproved. 388, 389 Food, animal. 204 Forgetfulness, cautioned. 162, 164 Flock, the. 237 Flight, without safety. 262 Freedom, 232, 233 Friendship. 212. 215 Fringes, 289 Fruitfulness. 43 Gad, leadership and valour. 408 Garment, mixed. 288 Gain, worldly, 13 ; unholy. 298 Gatherings, three annual, 241 Gifts, attained, 78 ; God's. 315 ; use of common. 316 Gleaming, divine ordinance. 305 God, word of, 16; benigsity. 21; walking with, 28 ; forgotten, 136. 143, 212 : a refuge. 46. 59 ; helper. 15, 53 ; known, 48,377; tempted, 138; provoked, 169; no respecter of persons, 183 ; in history, 334 : omniscient, 60 ; seeking, 97 ; attributes. 376 ; government of, 109 ; unity of. 133; a rock, 379; our Father. 379 Goodness, God's, 57 ; amidst evil, 60 ; hiiman obligation to divine, 180 Godliness, marks of, 211 Government, moral, 183 ; just, 243 Goods lost, restored, 284, 286 Grace, preserving, 258 ; in redemption. 382 Guilt, detected and punished, 246, 306 Habitations, divinely fixed. 213: dedi- cated. 271 Hanging. 282 Heaven. 103 ; upon earth. 193 : typified, 241 : God's storehouse. 334 Heart, turned from God, 352 ; and hand 229 ; circumcised, 358 Happiness of Israel. 413 Heroism, 572 Help, divine in life. 314 History, personal. 95 ; wonderful, 141 Home, charity, 222 ; partiality, 280 Horeb, 168 ; son of. 170. 175 Horses. 251. 269 Holy life, influence of, 421 Humanity, principles of, 326 Human life, under divine inspection. 387 Idols destroyed, 173, 203 Idolatry, dangerous, 93. 247 ; warnings against. 95. 373; snares of, 154, 324; forbidden. 145. 244, 326 Ingratitude. 48 : of God's people. 379 ; Israel's. 384 Iniquity, future punished, 392 Injustice, men of, 325 Inheritance, gained, 148, 313 ; Levi's, 179 ; prepared. 179 ; future. 203 Intercession, a great. 171 : prolonged. 174 Inscriptions. 329 Insult, shameful. 311 Instruction, important, 376 Israel's, prosperity. 21 ; charge to Esau and Moab, 73 ; to Ammonites. 76 ; help. 77. 78 ; God's inheritance. 94 : chosen, people, 149, 149 ; ministers of destruc- tion, 148 ; exalted, 146 ; rejected. 338 Joshua, nominated, 84, 86 ; leader. 366, 368, 374, 421 ; with Moses, 370 Jews, misery of, 339 ; a proverb, 340 Jordan crossed, 85 Joy, social and sacrificial, 224 Journey, a happy, 333 Joseph, plenty and power. 404 ; a type of Christ. 409 Judges, duties of. 31, 33 ; character. 32, 35 : chosen, 66 Justice, administration of, 243. 244 Judah, or supremacy, 401 Judgment day. 184 Kings, choice and duty of. 250 ; earthly under the Heavenly. 251 Kingdom formed. 398 Knowledge, scriptural. 355 Law. spiritual. 77 ; obeyed, 89 ; magnified. 91 ; forgotten. 92 ; majesty of God's, 121. 399; terrible, 125; fiery, 400; broken, 327 ; penalty, 330 : demands of, 327, 361, 372 ; method of preserving, 134 ; reasonable, 183 ; special, 296 ; social, 303 ; harvest, 304 ; mosaic, 307 Labour, rights of. 307 Landmarks. 32(i : removed. 264 Leader chosen. 366 Legislation, Mosaic, 280. 284. 289. 301 Levites, 206 ; service. 401 Lending and borrowing. 229 Leprosy, plague of. 303 Liberality. 228 Light craved. 259 : God's. 400 INDEX. Life, individual valued, 278 ; human sacred, 301, 116. 2i7. 2(i3 : God's care of. 74 ; end of natural. 74 ; retrospect, 157, 159 ; Christian, 58 ; pure, 290 ; social, dark- ened, 291 ; blemished, 233 ; pilgrim, 240; devotion and daily. 317 ; in suspense, 345; course of, 197; a weary. 346; Godless, gives no repose, 345 ; pathways of. 362 ; chosen, 363 Love, force of, 186, ?63 ; God"s. 40() Lost restored, 284 Lusts, fleshly, 44 MagistbaTES. duties of, 214 Majesty of God's, 412 Ma rriage sanctity. 116. 300 : law of Levirate, 307 Meeting, a solemn, 37() Methods of human training, 349 Mercy, recollection of past. 380. and wrath, 274 Memory, good, 152 ; helpful. 158, 244 ; want of, 304 Men, wise, 29 ; good, 38 ; godless, 50 ; in Christ, 53 ; warlike. 76 ; selfwilled, 77, 78; gigantic, 170; valued, 229; de- moralised. 390 Meditation, 102 Ministers, called, 255 ; service of. 255. 256 ; blessings, 404 Moral character and material prosperity, 191 Morality, trade in. 308 Mountains, climbing. 419 Moses, words of. 10 ; first address. 15 ; character, 20 ; work, 25, 28 ; charge to judges. 34 ; power of, 47 ; prayer, 85 ; mediator. 109. 123; honoured. 128; eminent, 400 ; prophet like unto. 258 ; last discourse. 393 ; sins. 395 ; last days. 394; on Xebo. 395; death, 418. 420; burial. 417; man of mountains. 419; none like. 421 Murder, forbidden, 115 ; nature of. 129.327: unknown. 276 ; expiation of. 277 Murmuring. 48 Monuments, 321. 322 Name, glorious and fearful. 341 ; divine, 344 ; dishonoured. 386 Nations, vicissitudes of. 75, 80 ; preeminent. 90 ; dispossessed. 102 ; divided. 383 ; honoured, 185 ; cut off, 207 Nature, under God's control. 339 ; worship of, 94 ; a source of instruction. 123 : subservient to God's purposes, 190 Naphtali, satisfaction of. 410 Night and its teachings. 59 Numbers, seductive power of, 213 Obedience, inducements to. 99. 161 ; bene- fits of. 102. 149. 194; perfect. 128; aspects of, 185 ; ready, 318 ; importance of. 394 ; loyal way to national prosperity, 194 Obligation, parental. 134 Offences, capital. 265 Offerings. 242 Og. conquered. 82. 87 : bedstead of. S3 Organization. 22 Oracles, heathen, 359 Ordinance, the appointed, 237 Oppression, restraints of. 227 ; classes liable to, 304 Paths, forbidden, 137 Patriotism, 87, 384 Past, a glorious, 305 ; memory of. 25 ; dis- honoured, 55 ; revised, 65, 80, 157 ; days of. 98 ; lessons, 147 ; remembered. 302 Passover, 235 Parents, despised, 326 ; honoured 326 Peace, 275 Pentecost, day of, 239 Perfection, Christian, 258, 260 People, miserable, 153 ; stiff necked, 172 ; enslaved, 175 ; holy, 223 ; God's, 256 ; a disheartened, 367 Pity, without, 264 ; and justice, 267 Pillars, memorial, 321 Philantrophy, national, 242 Place, the chosen, 202, 207 Plagues, the seven, 336 Poor, considered, 228 ; claims upon rich, 229 Poverty, 232 Power abused, 35, 307 ; of God in affliction. 337 ; of suffering, 338 Prayer, achievements in, 177 ; of Ed. VI. 260 ; patriotism and, 317 ; reverence, 318 Presumption, 71 Priests, ofiice, 179 ; duties, 254 ; mainten- ance, 254 ; inheritance. 256 ; holy, 403 Primogenitiu'e, rights of, 279, 280 Progress, 71 ; faithful obedience, way to. 195 Providence, 70 ; retributive, 78 ; mysterious. 82. 94: twofold. 108; law of. 153: watchful. 222 Proposal, heavenly, 67 Prospect, a dark. 371 ; a charming. 418 Principles, important, 333 Prophets, false, 209, 259 ; mission of, 260 Prosperity, spiritual. 67 : danger of tem- poral, 161, 130, 386 Pui-pose, 40 ; unrealised, 70. 263 Piu-ity, iDodily, 121 ; moral, 295 Punishment, witnessed. 248 ; natioiml. 337 Rain, 193, 198, 379 Redemption of God's xieople. 236 Recollection, important. 303 Rebellion, consequences of. 47, 71 ; grievous. 173 ; and ruin, 342 Refuge, cities of, 100. 102. 261 Religion, pleasiu'es, 10. 42 ; nature, 51 ; re- quirements, 56; home, 113; practical, 159 ; true, 125, 316 ; of inquiry, 140 ; of temper, 114 ; and material prosperity, 152 Reputation, 346 Release, year of, 226 Requirements, divine, 132 Responses and curses, 323 Retribution, and national defection, 353. 44. 267 Rest, way to, 70 ; a future inheritance. 2< i3 Retaliation, law of, 266 Repentance, 358 ; true. 359 Return to God, 357, 364 Reuben, or blessings of existence. 401 JNDEX. Reveng-e, self, 392 Ri-rhts. civil, 297 ; varied l"J8 Rijrhteousness. rewards of. Gl Sacrifices, vicarious. (J2 : blemished. 24G Sabbath keeping'. Ill Saint, a sleej)iug\ 4 lit Scene, unlawful. .S2-i : wonderful. 'd'H Service, rewarded. (iU : faithful. 91 ; Grod's, 1!17, 371 ; principles of. 138 ; dis- tinjiuished. 178; joyful. 341; Levites, 179 : commanded, 197 ; perpetual. 230 Servitude, of man. 34U Secrets, divine. 3.")4 : things. 3.>i; Security, carnal. 3o2 Seed, mixed. 288 ; divers. 289. 287 Sihon. 12 ; destroyed. 77 Sins. 71 ; remembered. 1G8 : greivous. 170; Aaron"s. 172 : dreadful. 193 ; pre- sumptuous. 2.)U : secret. 324 ; dangerous. 4 03 : and sufifering. 33.') Similitude, royal. 381 Snares, warned against. 2oG Slaves, liberated. 229. 232 Slander. 292 Society, welfare of. 249 Soldiers, bearing. 29G Son. a rebellious. 28(( Song, for a people. 372. 374 Solicitude, divine. 12G Sorrows, worldly. 217 ; triple. 34.") Spots, of God's children. 379 Spies, conduct of. 49 Spirit. Holy, first fruits of. 24o Storm, the pitiless. 33G Strongholds, confidence in. 34 1 Stranger, love to. 184, 18.5 : object of pitv. 328 Strength, equal to day. 4 1 1 Success, law of, 41 ; delayed. 52 : secret of. 79 : philosophy of. 163 ; worthy. 420 Summer, sermon for. 407 Supremacy. God's over afl:'ection. lOG ; worship. 107 ; and lips, 110 Supplies, divine, 164 Tabernacles, Feast of. 240 Tables, broken. 172; God's provision for man's. 218, 220 Teachers, true. 128 Thing, the cursed, 1.53 Time, claimed bv God. 108 Tithe, law of. 223. 32() Tong-ue. governed, 118 Trade, customs of. 311 Training. Divine. 383 Trials. 26 Trees, fruit, preserved. 273 Truth, important. 149 ; God's kept. 192 : searched. 247 Unbelief, its nature. 55. ^'6 ; consequences. 57. 69 Unclean, touching^. 218 Uncleanliness. sins of. 32G Unfortunate protected. 302 Union, national. 239 : blessings of. 4oG Usury. 297. 298 Vengeance stored up, 391 Victory, of Jahaz. 78 ; a famous. 83 ; condi- tions. 29G Visitations. Divine. 108 Visions, unrealised. 416 Vocation, high. 258 ; of God's people, 256 Volume, the inherited. 368 Vows. 298. 299 Walking, careful. 127 : true. 128 ; after God. 211 Warfare. Chi'istian. 55, 269 War. a first. 77 ; righteous. 268 : exemptions. 270 : method. 272 : exterminating. 275 : Old Testament. 275 Warnings to posteritv. 353 Wavs of life. 139 Wealth. 165 Weeks, feast of. 238 Witnesses. 70: false. 118. 226; heaven and earth. 3G3. 377 Wisdom, marks of, 388 Wilderness, journey. 36. 37 Women, captive. 279 : rigrhts of. 301 World, nonconformity to. 137 ; God's rule over. 391 : homage to moral worth. 332. 334 Wonder. 346 Word, heard. 133 : authority. 249 : as dew. 378 ; written. 252 : a little, 324 Works, good. 51 : reward. 19 : abilitv for. 20; systematic. 221 Wormwood and sin. 352 Worship, spiritual. 108: image. llU: laws of. 200 ; blessings of public. 202 : jov- f ul. 204 Year. Sabbatic. 231 : three times in a. 242 Young-, life and death set before. 363 Yoke, unequal. 288 Zebulox. or business and worship. 405 ; and Issacar, 406, 407 II. QUOTATIONS AND CHOICE EXTRACTS FROM AUTHORS. Adam. 103 Abbott. 87 Addison. 14. 41. 42. 80 Atterbuiy. 10. 260 Allen. Dr., 367 Ainsworth. 10 Athansius. St.. 215 Arnold. Dr.. 38. 207 Aug-ustine. St.. 199. 21i). 330. 343 Bacon. 38. 75. 103. 130. 1.50. 152. 176. 186. 215, 262, 266, 283. 292. 346. 356. 364 Barnes. A.. 275 Baxter, Kichard. 118. 124 Barrow. 103. 234 Beaumont and Fletcher. 175 Beecher. 143. 149. 348. 356. 414 Beveridcre. Bishop. 357 Bernard. 139 Binning'. 186. 374 Bonar. 155. 240 Boothroyd. 143 Brown. Sir T.. 123 Brainerd. 255 Brewer. 155 Bridge, Charles. 79, 160. 199. 261 Bun sen. 235 Bunvan. 197 Buri-itt. E.. 24 Buchanan. J.. Dr.. 123 Buffon. 142 Burke. 233. 243. 389. 252. 295 B.^Ton. ]3. 238. 319 Campbell.-T.. 371 Calamv. 216 Calvin. 339. 440 Carlyle. 10. 14. 295. 351 Cecil. 85. 152. 154. 29S Clarke. Rev. Dr.. 71 Coleridg-e. 49. 133. 198. 374. 393. 396 Collins. 346 Cicero. 184. 244 Chalmers, Dr.. 195 Chrysostom. 39. 49. lo3 Cook. Eliza. 143 Colton. 199. 299 Cowley. A.. 282 Cowper, 17. 30. 75. 94. 118. 220. 268. 312.329. 360. 405 dimming. Dr.. 80. 91. 135. 206. 220. 34o. 351 Dallington. Sir Richd.. 29 Davies. Dr.. 282. 347 Dickens. C. 24 Drrden. 10. 136. 227. 263. 283. 302. 347 Dyer. 94. 165. 319 Edwards, J., 95. 419 Emerson. 21 Euripides. 282 Evans. ,T. H.. 175. 245. 347 Feltham. 291 Fenelon. 68 Feuerbach, 161 Fielding', 234 Flavel, 92, 252 Foe. De. 309 Fontaine. 209 Foster. John, 15, 282 French. 347 Fuller. Thomas. 51. 268. 356 Garfield, President. 330 Gibbon, 320 Gilfillan. 260 Goldsmith. 233 Goiilbum. Dean. 93 Goethe. 194. 199. 252, 419 Gregorv. St.. 260 Grindon, L.. 116. 165. 204 Graves on. Pent. 155. 160 Gumev. J. J.. 223 Gumall. 180. 224. 317 Guthrie. Dr.. 143 Hale. 133 Hall. Bishop. 8S. 102. 130. 170. 185. 190. 221 229, 305 Hall, Robert. 57. 71. 196. 233. 336 Hallam. 165 Hamilton. W., Sir, 302 Harvey. Dr.. 19. 204 Hare. 214. 346. 3.55 Havergal. Rev. W.. 378 Heber. 39 Herbert. G.. 65. 202. 223. 298 Henrv. P.. 93 Herri'ck. 19. 341 Helps. 217 Hill. Roland. 255 Hooper. Bishop. 165. 24."^ Horn. Bishop. 20 Jamieson. Dr.. 129. 142. 154 Jerome. St.. 202 Jones. Sir W.. 252 Johnson. Dr.. 3S. 41. 208 Jortin, 71 INDEX. Keble. J.. Sof) Kinjr. 48 Knox. J., 145 Lacordaire, 346 Landon. Ifio, M2 Lavater. .•?It6 Leijihton. Archbishoj-). 155. 223, 26(5 Locke. 346 Lowel, 357, 374 Loiifrfellow. 41. 243 Luther, 179, 188, 198, 203, 282 Maclaren, 397 Maimonides, 9 Manning. Ai-chbishop. 198, 256 Mant, Bishop, 198, 208 Mason, 173 Mede, 92 Melville, Hy., 144, 198 Milton, 28, 211, 115. 268. 354 Mirabeau, 330 Mill, J. S., 351 Monttj-omery. J., 194 More, Sir T'. 252 Napoleon, 12, 29. 267, 314. 34(; Nicol, Robert, 28 Newton, Sir Isaac, 104 Newton. John. 403 Newman. 374 Palet, 61, 101, 421 Parker, Dr. J., 129, 130 Parnell, 378 Pascal, 413 Patrick, 13. 33, 75, 137 Paxton, 36 Pilkingrton, Bishop, 154 Plato, 20. 131, 258 Pollock, 369 Pope, 78, 96, 136, 161, 242. 298. 308. 35fi Porter, 82, 87 Powerscourt, Lady, 175 QUARLES, 12 Questree, 255, 365 Rawlinson. 9 Raleigh, Sir W., 41, 48 Reynolds,. Sir J., 19, 41 Reynolds. Bishop, 109. 155. 165. 215, 233, 339, 347 Richter! 10, 11, 396, 419 Robertson, F. W., 215 Rogers, 319 Ruskin, 245, 256, 346 Sanderson, Bishop, 229 Salter, 224 Savage, Mrs., 98 Seeker, 80, 214, 245, 257, 356 Selden, 103 Seneca, 97. 129, 159. 234. 345 Scott. Sir W.. 28 Schiller. 133 ' Sibbs, 190 Sidney, Sir P., 232 Smith, Sid., 11, 168 Shakspeare, 11, 19. 84, 98, 104. 121, 130, 150. 159, 176, 185. 205, 291. 329. 345. .356. 372 Socrates. 119 South, 170, 199. 292. 352 Soiithey, 24, 25, 245 Stael. Madame De. 25 Stowel. Dr. W. H.. 111. 116. 120 Spencer, 330 Spurgeon. 60. 158. 164. 173. 175. 3 98 Tacitus. 233 Taylor. J., 312. 329 Tennvson. 104. 130. 199. 203. 29.->. 374. 395 Tillotson. 10. 49. 197. 2()0. 329 Tholuck, 147 Thomson, 130 Trench, Archbishop. 130 Trapp, 97, 109, 112. ]35. 1.54. 2()4. 334. 350 Venn, 299 Vinet. 290, 374 Watson, T.. 110. 119. 129. 151. 329 Warburton, 165 Webster. J.. 203. 282 Weslev. J.. 229. 296. 365 Wellington. 270. 330 Whewell, 41 Wilberforce. 129 Wilson. Bp.. 198 Wordsworth. Bp.. 208. 219. 29S Young, 10, 28, 108. 148. 196. 26(l. 343. 35(1. 387. 410. 418 III. ANECDOTES AND ILLUSTRATIVE INCIDENTS. Alfred the Great, 96 Alexander the Great and Homer, 251, and enemy, 275 Achilles, 330 African Prince, 103 Antigonus and troops, 271 Archius, plot against, 364 Aristotle's philosophy, 139 Augustine, 358 Augustus, death of, 42 2 Bantin, M. L. and Book, 194 Basil, St. and Emperor, 54 Bell on Kock, 208 Bishop's advice, a, 305 Boy, saying of, 281 Brown of Ha'ldington, happiness, 415 Buckingham, Duke of, 44 Burns, death of, 343 Byron, Lord, bitter life, 343 Caepentek, a, 40 Catlierine, St., Monastery, 50 Caesar, 30, 153, 345 Charles II., 366 Charles V., 256 Chatham, 374 Chesterfield, Lord, 253, 345 Children, 24 Cicero, 184 Clarke, Dr. S. and God's name, 1 86 Coleridge and Sabbath, 120 Commander, Koman, 215 Cowper, 285, 325 Cork, Earl of, 94 Cressy, battle of, 77 Cromwell's Ironsides, 153 Crown, Eoman civic, 64 Cnisaders before Jerusalem, 155 Damocles, sword of, 845 Decades of France, 111 Diocletian, 294 Ed. III. and his captives, 339 Ed. VI., 253, 260 Eliot, G. & children, 396, 403 Emperor and lawyers, 32 English, Farmer, 198 Epicurus, 139 Euripides, 155 Erskine, Eben, Eev., 225 Fairs, ancient, 241 Famine, in Italy, 347 Faraday's religion, 396 Fines, 278 Foster, John, 15 Garrison, W. L., 109 (Jeneral, an ancient, 151 Gentlemen, two, 415 Goblet, tale of, 61 Goethe, 132 Hadrian VI., 39 Hale, Justice, 112, 124, 245 Hall, Bp., 165 „ Robert, 196, 356 Hamilton, Dr., 347 Hannibal, 275 Helps, A., 217 Hercules, 62 Hilarion's death, 176 Hippoci'ates, 119 Hooker's prayer, 113 Howard, J., 233, 281 Huntingdon, Countess, death of, 422 Henry, Philip, 178 Infidel Father, 144 James II., deathbed, 234 ; forsaken, 339 Jay, 125, 346 Johnson, Dr., 41, 144 King, ungrateful, 57 Knill, Ed., 129 Knox, J., 66, 145, 174 Lady, a pious, 186, and Indian servant, 229 Lacedemonium, 299 Lantern and blind man, 192 Latimer's prayer, 174 Lawyer, distinguished, 121 Livingstone, Dr., 42 Louis XIV. and French, 399 Luther, 155, 159, 167, 213 Lycurgus, 384 Mackensie and wreck, 54 Man, a dying, 148 ; young, 165 Mahommed, 274, 87 Massillon, 123 Mecca, pilgrimages to, 241 Milton, 113 Milesius and Dolphin, 48 Mother, a pious, 144 Mirabeau, 330 Morris, Ed., Bap. Minister, 130 INDEX. Napoleon, 65, 75, 212, 356 Nelson, 362 Nero, 345 Newton, Sir I., 135, 186 Oswald, King, and poor, 225 Ovid, 30 Pai.ev, 101 Palissy and Henry III., 11 resolves, 362 Pascal's death, 4'i2 Pathagoras, 355 Payson, 324 ; death, 414 Pelopidas and war, 27 Philosopher, a Peraian, 142 ; anrl king-, ; Philo, the .Jew, 51 Philip, son of Chas. V., 113 Plato. 131, 304 Prometheus, 73 Publius Scipio, example, 292 Queen Victoria, 103 Eevolution, French, 387 Robespierre and God, 91 Kaleigh, Sir W., 267 Richelieu, Cardinal, 396 Roman Emperor, 390 Rutherford, 159 Sermon, A, 261 Selncns and son, 33 Simonides, 186 Slaves, Roman, 231 Socrates, 396 Solon's oak, 31 : happiness, 73 ; maxim, 345 Stoner, David, 203 Storks, 130 Tamerlane, 275 Travellers, a company, 267 Vespasian and senator, 32 Voltaire's death, 45 ; saying, 82 Wellington, 270, 330, 364 WickclifFe's prayer, 167 Wolsey, Card., 129 Wright, Dr. S., 225 Xerxes, 270 IV. ILLUSTRATED TEXTS. Gen. V. 24, 211 u vi. 5, 6, 373 II xxvi. 22, 408 Ex. xii. 1, 235 M XV. 16, 95 M xix. 5, 95 M xxiii. 1, 118, 266 M xxiii. 9, 184 M xxxiii. 14, 89 Lev. xix. 4, 244 Num. xiv. 22, 138 .. xiv. 34, 72 .Toshna i. 8, 367 Judges viii. 16, 159 Ruth i. 14, 91 1 Sam. iv. 9, 81 Neh. ix. 25, 136 .Tob v. 14, 338 M viii. 8, 98 M X. 17, 342 .. xi. 10, 337, 389 Jobxli. 10, 391, 337 „ xxvii. 8, 345 „ XXX. 16,343 Psalm XX. 1, 342 „ xxi. 3, 222 M xxix. 9, 123 II xxxi. 6, 149 xxxiv. 12, 140 xxxvi. 11, 334 xxxvii. 23, 74 xxxix. 3, 102 „ Ivi. 8, 74 ,1 Ixvi. 12, 94 Ixviii. 9, 379 Ixxiv. I'D, 257 „ Ix.xviii. IS, 14", 138 M xcvi. 5, 100 cvi. 7, 136 cxx. 3, 4, 202, 262 II cvxvii. 1. 3-^.l Prov. iv. 23, 92 II xi. 1, 308 II xiv. 34, 146 ,. xxii. 6, 192, 309 M xxiii. 10, 11. 264 M XXV. 18, 266 II xxix. ], 78 INDEX. Ecc. ii. 11, 119 „ vii. 13, 188, ItfO, 311 M viii. 11, 109 „ xii. 13, lOU Isa. viii. 19, 257 ,. xliii. 1, 98, 116, 337 „ Ixv. 16, 137 Jer. ii. 11, 353 M xiv. 13, 14, 210 „ xlix. 35, 83 Lain. i. 9, 389 Hos. iv. 7, 371 II xiii. 5, 382 John i. 18, 258 M ii. 17, 255 „ xiv. 6, 197 II XV. 16, 70 Acts vii. 53. 122 n xvii. 2d, 70 M xvii. 29, 325 I, xvii. 30, 325, 311 Horn. i. 18, 96, 93, 390 H ii. 6, 167 It iii. 2, 103, 183 „ vii. 7, 119 ,1 viii. 28, 333 M X. 21, 181 „ xi. 13, 254 „ xii. 1, 232, 216 I, xii. 19, 392 1 Cor. iii. 5, 118 II ix. 17, 256 . X. 11, 339, 138 2 Cor. vi. 17, 219 Gal. iii. 1, 257, 281 .1 iv. 3, 141 „ vi. 17, 238 Ephes. iii. 12, 124 iv. 18, 142, 117 Phil. ii. l.-i, 377 .. IV. 11-13, 120 Col. ii. 23, 201 II iii. 12, 228 2 Thes.s. ii. 9, 210 II V. 21, 141 1 Tim. iii. 1, 256 iv. 2, 352 2 Thu. i. 10, 217 TitiLs ii. 10, 170 II iii. 4, 297 Heb. ii. 1, 106 .. ix. 22, 204 „ xi. 13, 420 II xii. 5, 6, 159 II xii. 15, 352 Jas. ii. 10, 328, 97 II iv. 6, 161 II V. 16, 172 1 Pet. ii. 9, 146, 216 „ V. 10, 313 2 Pet. i. 7, 214 HOMILETIOAL COMMENTARY DEUTERONOMY. INTRODUCXOEY NOTES ON THE BOOK. I. The Name. The Books of the Pentateuch are called by their first word, e.g., Genesis n''t'\1 B'reshlth = " In beginning:" Exodus nS'Dt ^h)ii^ V'el'leh Sh'moth = " And these the names." So Deuteronomy has been called Dn2'7n TD^ El'lek Hadd'bharim = " These the words." The Rabbins, however, sometimes named the Book JlinDin IDp Sephgr Thochakhoth = *' Book of Rebukes." But by the Jewish people it was frequently called niiDn HJIi^D Mishneh Hattorah = recapitulation or repetition of the law, from Deut. xvii. 18, which name was adopted by the LXX. who christened the Book Aivtsbovo/iiov, and the Vulgate, following, Deutero- noraium ; English, Deuteronomy. II. Author. " One of the first questions connected with the Pentateuch " (and of course Deuteronomy) " is that of authorship " (Davidson). " Moses was the originally received author of the Book of Deuteronomy, In early times no one, Jew, Christian, or heathen, denied the Mosaic authorship till Aben Ezra, in the twelfth century, raised some doubts" {Patrick). "In the seventeenth century Richard Simon, in his ' Critical History of the Old Testament,' denied that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch" (Kitfo's Diet, s. v. Simon). " Since the middle of the eighteenth century, the authorship of the Pentateuch has given rise to much tliscussion" {Home's Introduction). But the whole controversy may be summarised under two heads: {a.) The Supplementary {Home) or Fragmentary Hypothesis {Hdvernich) ; and (6.) The Mosaic authorship. In our limited space we refrain from adding one word to the controversy, but would rather refer the reader to two or three works where the question is stated and literature on the subject is given, e.g., Articles " Pentateuch," " Deuteronomy," in Kitto's Cyc. Bib. Lit. and Smith's Dictionary; Home's Introduction, vol. ii. 593; Davidson's Introduction to Old Testament, vol. i. ; Keil and Delitzsch on Pentateuch, vol. i. 17-28 ; Hengstenberg's Egypt and Books of Moses ; Havernick's Introduction to Old Testament ; Colenso's Pentateuch ; Speaker's Commentary. We would, however, quote a word from two writers on this matter before leaving it : " If the Pentateuch is not the work of him who names himself in it as its author, it is the work of deception. The liistory is then an untrue history : the laws are falsely ascribed to Moses : the pre- dictions have been invented 'post eventum " {Hdvernich). " The genius and dispo- A 1 nOMlLETICAL COMMENTARY : DEUTERONOMY. sition, in other words, the character of the author ; the contents of the Books themselves, or what they treat of in relation to historical, political, and geographical topics ; the oiature of the style and language, and the arrangement and form of these Books, all show Moses to be the author" {Jahn). III. Contents. The Book is divided into two parts : the first, from chap. i. to XXX. ; the second, from chap. xxxi. to xxxiv. I. Consists of three addresses which Moses delivered to all the people according to the head of chap, i, vers. 1-4. (a.) i. G-iv. 40. First address, to prepare the way for exposition and enforce- ment of the law. (b.) v.-xxvi. Second address, is the law itself, which Moses set before the people, and consists of two parts — (1.) v.-xi. General. (2.) xii.-xxvi. Special, (c.) xxvii.-xxx. Third address, has reference to the renewal of the covenant. II. The second part of the Book contains the close of Moses' life and labours, (a.) Appointment of Joshua to be the leader of Israel into Canaan (xxxi.) (6.) Song of Moses (xxxii. 1-47). (c.) Announcement of Moses' death (xxxii. 40-52). {d.) Blessing of Moses (xxxiii.) {e.) Account of Moses' death (xxxiv.) Vide Keil and Delitzsch, Angus' Handbook to Bible, Davidson's Introduction, Smith's Dictionary, Speaker's Commentary, and Kitto's Cyc. Bib. Lit. IV. Date. If the Mosaic authorship be accepted, then the date of the Book is easily fixed, and may be determined by chap. i. 3, which implies that the Book was composed during the last two months of the life of Moses. {Cf. Keil and Delitzsch, Home, Havernick, Speaker's Commentary. ) On the other hand, if the Mosaic authorship be rejected, then the date is fixed variously by different critics, e.g., De Wette, time of Solomon ; Ewald, of Manasseh ; and so on, and so on, quot homines tot sententice. But see the authorities already named, with the addition of Jahn, from whom a word : '• The language of the Pentateuch is very ancient Hebrew, and difi'ers considerably from the Psalms and other more modern books. There are no foreign words to be found in the Pentateuch, except some of old Egyptian origin. Archaisms occur, and forms less frequent in the modern books." V. Purpose of the Book. Exodus depicts the inauguration of the kingdom of God on Sinai. Leviticus and Numbers, the former narrates the spiritual, the latter the political organisation of the kingdom, by facts and legal precepts. Deuteronomy recapitulates the whole in a hortatory strain, embracing both history and legislation, and impresses it upon the hearts of tlie people, for the purpose of arousing true fidelity to the covenant, and securing its lasting duration. The economy of the old covenant having been thus established, the revelation of the law closes wdth the death of its Mediator (Keil and Delitzsch). VI. Relation of Deuteronomy to the other Books of the Pentateuch. It is not quite accurate to speak of Deuteronomy as merely a recapituhitiou of things commanded and done in the preceding books, nor yet as a compendium and sum- mary of the law. Large portions of the Mosaic code are omitted. Still less is it a manual for tlie ignorant Deuteronomy is an authoritative and inspired commentary on the law, serving in some respects also as a supplement and codicil to it. The preceding books displayed Moses principally in the capacity of the legislator or annalist. Deuteronomy sets him before us in the light of the prophet {cf. Speaker's Commentary, Keil and Delitzsch), HOMILETICAL COMMENTARY : DEUTERONOMY. VII. Genuineness. " A very strong proof of the genuineness of the Book lies in its relation to the later writings of the prophets. Of all the books of the Pen- tateuch, Deuteronomy has been made most use of by the prophets, simply because it is best calculated to serve as a model for prophetic declarations, as also because of the inward harmony that exists between the prophecies and the law upon which they are built " (liavernicTc). VIII. Style. " The speeches exhibit a unity of style and character which is strikingly consistent with such circumstances. They are pervaded by the same vein of thought, the same tone and tenor of feeling, the same peculiarities of con- ception and expression. They exhibit matter which is neither documentary nor traditional, but conveyed in the speaker's own words. Their aim is strictly hortatory ; their style earnest, heart-stirring, impressive, in passages sublime, but throughout rhetorical " (Speaker's Commentary). " The style throughout is changed" (from that of the other books of the Pentateuch). "The manner of representation is somewhat rhetorical, verbose, and not unlike the prophetic. The tone is no longer that of the narrator or a lawgiver, but that of a moral preacher who expatiates in long exhortations. Moreover, the style has some peculiar turns, which appear not in the other books, but in the prophets, especially Jeremiah" {Schumann). " In Deuteronomy the speaker is evidently an old man, whose age has rendered him somewhat verbose, captious, and querulous, and disposed to censure the errors of his juniors" (Jahn). IX. Deuteronomy in the Synagogue. The Jews divided the Pentateuch into fifty-four parts. The division into Mty-four sections was to provide a lesson for each Sabbath, from the Pentateuch, of those years which, according to Jewish chronology, have fifty-four Sabbaths. In those years which have only fifty-two Sabbaths, four shorter sections are read on two Sabbaths. The first section, Genesis i.-vi. 8, is read on the first Sabbath after the Feast of Tabernacles. Deu- teronomy embraces sections 44 to 54. For a full account see Dr. Ginsburg's article " Haphtara," in Kitto's " Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature." X. Estimates of Deuteronomy. " The Book is superior to all the other books of the Pentateuch, for it is the summing up Its contents are a Divine revelation in words and deed, or, rather, the fundamental revelation through which Jehovah selected Israel to be His people, and gave to them their rule of life {vo,u,og) or theocratical constitution as a people and kingdom" {Xeil and Delitzsch). " Moses delivered this address to Israel a short time before his death The address of ]\Ioses is in perfect harmony with his situation. He speaks like a dying father to his children. The words are earnest, inspired, impressive. He looks back over the whole forty years of their wanderings, reminds of blessings received, ingratitude returned, God's judgments and His love, explains laws, adds what is necessary, &c." [Hengstenherg). " The Book of Deuteronomy contains, not so much a recajjitulation of the things commanded and done, as related in Exodus, Levi- ticus, and Numbers, as a compendium and summary of the whole law and wisdom of the people of Israel, ivherein those things which related to the priests are omitted, and only such things included as the people generally required to know " (L^ither). " With respect to the prophetic parts of Deuteronomy, it should be remarked that Messiah is here more explicitly foretold than in the preceding books, and described as the completion of the Jewish economy. The prophecies of Moses increase in number and clearness toward the end of his writings. As he approached the end of his life he appears to have discerned futurity with more exactness " (Clapham). HOMILETICAL COMMENTARY: DEUTERONOMY. CHAPTER I. Ckitical and Exeoetical Notes.— I. Biographical. Sihon. ^H^D (SikhCn). LXX. Sijcii*, Josepii. Zix'i"- King of the Amorites when the Israelites reached the borders of Canaan, — a man of courage and audacity. Shortly before the appearance of Israel, he had dispossessed Moab of a splendid territory. He did not temporise, like Balak, but fought at once Og. ni^. "^7- f'be Amoritish king of Bashan, who ruled sixty cities (cf. Josh. xiii. 12). One of the last of the Rephaim. According to tradition, he escaped from the fiood by wading beside the Ark (Sale's Koran, Note, chap, v.) He was supposed to be the largest of the sons of Anak, and descended from Ad : said to have lived 3000 years, and refused the warning of Jethro, sent to him and his people as a prophet Caleb. 3/3 (Calebh). LXX. XciXe/3. Son of Jephunneh, a Kenezite {cf. Numb, xxxii. 12; Josh. xiv. 6, 14). He was a ruler or prince, and a head in the tribe of Judah. Apparently he was brave, conscientious, outspoken Jep- hunne/i. iUS^ Y'philnnijh. LXX. 'lecpowTj. Father of Caleb, probably of an Edomite tribe, called Kenezites, from Kenaz, their founder, who was a son of Eliphaz, the son of Esau (cf. Gen. xxxvi. 15,42; 1 Chron. i. 53; Josh. xiv. 14 Joshua. ^WSTT^ Y'hoshua. LXX. Irjaovs =: whose help is in Jehovah {Gesenius) : God the Saviour {Pearson). Son of Nun, tribe of Ephraim (1 Chron. vii. 27). Born about the time Moses fled to Midian. The future captain was at first a slave. Mentioned first in the fight against Amalek at Rephidim, where he led Israel. When Moses ascended Sinai, Joshua accompanied him. He was one of the twelve chiefs sent to spy out the land. He evidently was one of the natural leaders of Israel, and therefore a man of character, force, and energy Nun. ^^J. Nun. In Syriac and Arabic = a fish. LXX. NauTj. Nothing is known of him. n. Historical Allusions and Contemporary History. " Amorite." ^"^Q^J EmOiI. The dwellers on the summits — mountaineers ; one of the chief nations who possessed the land of Canaan before its conquest by the Israelites. As "Highlanders" they contrast with the " Canaanites," who were " Lowlanders." As children of the hills they were a bold, hardy race. From the days of Abram to the time of Joshua this people fully maintained their character of the "warrior." After the conquest of Canaan, nothing is heard of them in the Bible, except in the usual formula where the early inhabitants are occasionally referred to Anakim. Q^pJ^ "Anakim. A race of giants, so called either from their stature or strength. They were descendants of Arba, and dwelt in the southern part of Canaan. The race appears to have been divided into three families. Their chief city was Hebron Of contemporary history it is impossible to speak definitely, — it is one vast chaos, where the mind is lost in the wild confusion of conflicting theories. In our limited space we dare not venture on more than, Egypt was ; Assyria was possibly throwing out the rootlets of the future tree of her empire ; Greece was the habitation of scattered tribes; Phonecia probably was sending forth her fleets to plough the ocean ; but so uncertain are the records, silence is esteemed better than what might be shown a baseless theory. III. Natural History. Ver. 1. Red Sea. Heb. Suph, lit. "reeds," seaweed, sedge, river- grass, rushes : specially of the thick and strong rushes on the banks of the Nile, and of the sedges of the Red Sea, from which this latter receives its name of Yam Suph. The word in this verse gives name to some place in the district of the wanderings. Ver. 25. " Fruit of tKe l^'Q. Suph. {cf. " Critical Notes," " Literary Criticism"). Keil and Delitzsch make Suph to be the Red Sea. " Some reedy place out of Palestine" {Filrst). " Suph, probably a district on the frontier of Moab. Ptolemy mentions a people called Sophonites, who dwelt in Arabia Petrasa, and who have been thought to take their name from this place " (Carpenter) Paran. ]1NE3 Pa-ran = white. LXX. and Josh. #apd;' ; (a.) A desert = et-Tih ; (6.) A mountain near Seir (Deut. xxxiii. 2 ; Hab. iii. 3) ; (c. ) Probably a town {Smith's Dictionary). "Paran may either be mount Paran of Deut. xxxiii. 2, or a city mentioned by Eusebius, Jerome, and several modern geographers near the mount" {Speaker's Commentary Tophel. 73J1 TSphel = plaster, mortar. Probably identical with Tufileh 5 IIOMTLETICAL COMMENTARY: DEUTERONOMY. (Robinson) ; and " a locality so called from the chalk-beds there" (Filrst). " It is still a con- siderable place, some little distance soutli-east of the Dead Sea" (Speaker's Commentary). " Numerous springs and rivulets (ninety-nine according to the Arabs), the waters of which unite below, render the town very agreeable. It is surrounded by a large plantation of fruit- trees — apples, apricots, figs, pomegranates, &c." (Buckhardt) Lahan^ 1^7 Laban. Identical with Libnah, this latter being the feminine form of the word ; but whether the place mentioned here can be identified with that mentioned Num. xxxiii. 20, remains to be seen. .... Uazeroth. JllHUn Khiltzeroth = "enclosures," "hamlets." In Numbers xi. 35, xii. 16, xxxiii. 17, the LXX. renders it 'A-a-qpihO, but here Ai^Xwi'. Though identified with a station of the Israelites (Num. xi. 35), yet on insufficient evidence. Nothing is known for certain of the place Dizaliah (cf. "Literary Notes") "Morel." ^iTt Khoreb. liXX. Xw/)7;/3. "A top of Sinai, on wliich the Mosaic law was announced, now G'ibl SKisa. Formerly Horeb was the general name, and Sinai the more restricted" (Fiirst). On the ques- tion of the peculiar and contradictory use of "Horeb" in Deuteronomy, see Note in Kitto'a Family Bible, and tlie articles "Horeb," "Sinai," in the various Dictionaries. "The fixed use of the name Horeb, to designate the mountain group in general, instead of the special nunie Sinai, which is given to the particular peak whereon the law was given, is in keeping with the rhetorical style of the Book " (Keil and Delitzsch, cf. &c.) Kadesh Barnea. J^iH^ ^"Tp Kadesh Birnea. KdoT^s 'Bavi]. Sometimes written Kadesh. It is probable that the term "Kadesh," though applied to a city, had also a wider applica- tion, and referred to a region, in which Kadesh-Meribah certainly, and Kadesh Barnea probably, indicates a precise spot The nearest approximation, then, which can be given t() a site for the city of Kadesh, may be probably attained by drawing a circle from the pass liS-Stifa, at the radius of about a day's journey; its south-western quadrant will intersect the " wilderness of Paran" or Et-Tih, which is there overhung by the superimposed plateau of the mountain of the Amorites ; while its south-eastern one will cross what has been designated the " wilderness of Zin." This seems to satisfy all the conditions of the passages of Genesis, Numbers, and Deuteronomy which refer to it. The nearest site in harmony with this view which has yet been suggested is undoubtedly the " Ain-el-\Veibeh" (cf. Smith's Dictionary) Seir. T'J^li^ = "rough" or "rugged." Zijeip. There is a "land" of and "mount" Seir (c/. Gen. xxxii. 3, xxxvi. 30, xiv. 6 ; and Deut. i. 2). Apparently they are the same. The original name of the mountain ridge extended along the east side of the valley of the Arabah from the Dead Sea to the Elanitic Gulph. The name was derived either from Seir, the Horite (Gen. xxxvi. 20), or, more probably, from the rough aspect of the whole country. The sharp and serrated ridges, the jagged rocks and cliffs, the straggling bushes and stunted trees, give the wliole scene a sternness and ruggedness almost unparalleled. Mount Seir was originally inhabited by the Horites, who were doubtless the excavators of those singular rock dwellings with which the district abounds. They were dispossessed by the posterity of Esau (Deut. ii. 12). "Che. mount was the subject of a terrible prophetic curse (Ezek. xxxv.) .... Ileshbon. ]i3,^n Kiiushbon = stronghold. LXX. 'Effe^wv. The capital city of Sihon, king of t!ie Amoritea (Num. xxi. 26). It stands on the boundary line between Reuben and Gad. The ruins of Heshbon, twenty miles east of Jordan, mark the site of the ancient city. Chiefly celebrated from its connection with Sihon. After the captivity it fell into the hands of the Moabites. In the fourth century it was a place of note, but now desolate. The ruins of Heshbon stand on a low hill rising out of the great plateau, and are more than a mile in circuit, but not a building is entire. One remarkable structure remains with the workmansiiip of the different iiges visible — the massive stones of the Jewish period, the sculptured cornice of the Roman, the light arch of the Saracenic. Many cisterns and a large reservoir remain Bashan. ]^3,n Hab-Bash3,n, almost invariably written with the article before it = the basalt land. A "listrict on the east of Jordan. It extended from the borders of Gilead on the south to Mount Hermon on the north ; and from the Arabah or Jordan valley on the west to Salcah on the cast. At the conquest it was bestowed on the half tribe of Manasseh, and was proverbial for its oaks and bulls. Astaroth. JTinii^J^ AshtaiOth. LXX. 'AaraptbO. A city on the east of Jordan in Bashan, in the kinirdom of Og, doulttless so called from being a seat of the worship of the goddess of the same name. For the fortunes of A., cf. Josh. xiii. 31 ; 1 Chron. vi. 71. It subsequently passes from history. Jerome tells us it was about six miles from Ada, which was twenty-five from Bostra. The only trace of the name that modern research has discovered is Tell Ashtcrah {Ritler, Porter, &c.) Edrei. ''J^")1N} Edrui. 'ESpaiV. There are two towns of this name : one in the north of Palestine, the other to the east of Jordan. It is with the latter that we have to deal. In Scripture it is only mentioned in connection with the victory of Israel over the Amorites under Og. It was one of the two capitals of Bashan (Num. xxi. 33 ; Deut. i. 4 ; Josh. xii. 4), and continued to be a large and important city till the seventh century A.D., though no further reference to it is made in Scripture. The ruins of an ancient city, still EGMILETICAL COMMENTARY: DEUTERONOMY. ■bearing the name of Edr'a, stand on a rocky promontory, which projects from the south-west corner of the Lejah. The site a strange one — without water, witliout access, except most diffi- cult, seems to have been chosen for its strength and security. The identity of this site with the Edrei of Scripture has been challenged, but see " Smith's Dictionary " for full particulars. .... Lebanon. ]ij^7 L'bhanon. Ai^ai'os. A mountain range in the north of Palestine. The name Lebanon means " white," and was applied on account of the snow which covers it for the greater part of the year, or on account of the white colour of its limestone rocks, clifil^, and peaks. There are two ranges parallel, named Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, or Lebanon toward the sun-rising, i. e., Eastern L. It was from the western range Solomon obtained his timber. The snow remains in patches the whole year on the summits of Lebanon. There is a very good article on "Lebanon" in "Smith's Dictionary," so too in Kitto Euphrates. JllS P'rath. Evleasures of sin," and for them pay the price, " unrighteousness," " sin," the DEATH of their soul : they betray " the Lord of life and glory," "crucify Him afresh, and put Him to an open shame." Let such take warning of Sihon, king of the Amorites, who forsook his stronghold to join the enemies of God. Ver. 5. "In the end of this fortieth year, in the beginning of the month Shebat, Moses called the people toge- ther, saying. The time of my death draw- eth nigh ; if any one therefore hath forgot anything that I have delivered, let him come and receive it ; or, if anything seem dubious, let him come that I may explain it. And so they say in Siphri, If any one have forgotten any constitu- tion, let him come and hear it the second time ; if he need to have anything un- folded, let him come and hear the expla- nation of it." — Maimonides on this verse. Ex- "Began Moses to declare." plain." — Patrick. He " began," or, better perhaps, " un- dertook," to "declare the law," i.e., explain and elucidate it. Such is the force of the Hebrew verb "Ihi^ (beer), a word implying the pre-existence of the matter on which the process is employed, and so the substantial identity of the Deuteronomic legislation with that of the previous books. LXX. diaaaspi^sai : Vul. explanare. — Speaker's Commentary. "Began." Willingly took upon him, for the word implies willingness and contentedness {cf. Gen. xviii. 27). So all ministers should feed their flocks " willingly and of a ready mind " (1 Pet. V. 2). Moses began to declare as Jesus {cf. Luke xii. 1; Matt.xvi. 6). " Disciples began to pluck," &c. (Matt. xii. 1). " To declare." To make plain, clearly manifest to the understanding of the people, as in Hab. ii. 2. A thing is said to be made plain in writing that he may run that readeth it. — Ainsivorth. ^tj^in = to be ivilling, not began. In Gen. xviii. 27, this word is rendered by " I have taken upon me" (Exod. ii. 21). " Moses was content." — Delgado. The best inheritance that a rich man can leave to his children is Christian instruction in the discipline and admo- nition of the Lord, and thorough educa- tion in the arts and sciences. — Geier. He who really fears God will say nothing concerning Him but that which proceeds from his innermost heart, and vow nothing but what he is resolved inviolably to keep. — Hengstenberg. " Declare." The Hebrew word means properly to engrave, to hew in stone : which is there used of the deeper im; pressing and imprinting on the heart by means of exhortation and explanation. — Gerlach. The address of Moses is in perfect harmony with his situation. He speaks like a dying father to his children. The words are earnest, inspired, impressive. He looks back over the whole of the forty years of their wandering in the desert, reminds the people of all the blessings they have received, of the in- gi'atitude with which they have so often 13 BOMILETICAL COMMENTARY: DEUTERONOMY. repaid them, and of the judgments of God, and the love that continually broke forth behind them ; he explains the laws again and again, and adds what is neces- sary to complete them, and is never weary of urging obedience to them in the warmest and most emphatic words, because the very life of the nation was bound up with this ; he surveys all the storms and the conflicts which they have passed through, and, beholding the future in the past — viz., ajjostasy, punishment, and pardon — continue to repeat them- selves in the future also. — Hengstenherg. " On tills side Jordan," &c.,