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11. 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 PROCEEDINGS 
 
 NATIO^'AL 
 
 LORD'S DAY CONYENTION, 
 
 HELD IN THE 
 
 CITY OF BALTIMORE. 
 
 27th and 28th November, 1844. 
 
 PRINTED AT THE PUBLICATION ROOMS 
 
 OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, 
 NO. 7, SOUTH LIBERTY STREET. 
 
 1845. 
 
NOTE. 
 
 The " Committee of Finance and Publication" have found the report of the doings 
 of the National Lord's day Convention so extensive, that they are reduced to the 
 necessity of omitting very much which they would gladly have published, had the 
 means left in their h?,nds justified it. This explanation, they hope, will bo satisfactory 
 to every gentleman who may not find his remarks published so fully as he made them. 
 The rule which has been adopted for their government, in tliis matter is, to publish 
 only such things as promise to be of permanent utility. 
 
 Baltimore, Janxiarxj \st, 1845. 
 
ABSTRACT 
 OF THE PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NATIONAL LORD'S DAY CONVENTION 
 
 The Convention of the friends of the Lord's day, assembled to 
 devise means for the promotion of tlie sanctification of that day, 
 met in the First Baptist church in the city of Baltimore, on 
 Wednesday the 27th day of November, A. D., 1844,— at 10 
 o'clock, A. M., and was called to order by the Rev. Beverly 
 Waiigh, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal cliurch; who made a 
 few preliminary remarks, adverting to the importance of the object 
 which had convened the assembly, and to its sacred character, as 
 demanding of all who engaged in it their purest feelings, their 
 wisest thoughts, and their most deliberate action. He then pro- 
 posed that the Hon. Judge Willard Hall, of Delaware, be invited 
 to the chair, to organize the meeting. 
 
 This proposition being unanimously agreed to, the Hon. Judge 
 Hall took the chair accordingly. 
 
 He proceeded to observe, on so doing, that the solemnity of the 
 occasion on which the meeting had assembled, was such as should 
 induce those who composed it, deeply to feel and humbly to 
 acknowledge their own inability to accomplish, without the divine 
 assistance and blessing, any thing acceptable to heaven or worthy 
 of the cause; and he therefore proposed that, in the outset of their 
 proceedings, solemn prayer sbould be offered to Almighty God, 
 
 The Throne of Grace was thereupon addressed by the Rev. 
 James G. Hamner, of Baltimore. 
 
 Mr. Hamner then nominated Messrs. Charles W. Ridgely, of 
 Baltimore, and Rev. O. S. Powell, of Philadelphia, to act as 
 Secretaries of the Convention, pro tern. 
 
 The nominations were agreed to, and the above named gentle- 
 men were appointed Secretaries. 
 
 On motion of the Rev. Eliphalet Nott, D. D., 
 
 Ordered, That a Committee of Five be appointed, for the pur- 
 pose of nominating suitable officers of the Convention and Rules of 
 Order. 
 
 The Rev. Bishop Waugh, of Maryland, Jacob Gideon, Esq., 
 of Washington, D. C, G. M. Attwood, Esq., of Philadelphia,. 
 
Rev. Timothy Stillmair, of New York, and Dr. T. E. Bond, of 
 Baltimore, were appointed. 
 
 The Conmiittee of Nomiiialioii withdrew. 
 
 In the- meanwhile Rev. Mr. Powell was requested to offer to 
 the Convention some gcnerar remarks in relation to the ohjects of 
 the meeting. 
 
 Bislio.p Waugh, Cliairman of the Nominating Committee, re^ 
 ported the following gentlemen as officers of the Convention, viz.: 
 
 For President, The Hon. JoiiN Quinct Adams, of Massacliusetts. 
 
 For lj£ Vice President, Hon. Willard Hall, of Delaware, 
 
 2nd " ■" lion. Theodore Frelikghuysen, of N. York, 
 3rd " '" Rev. Eliphalet Nott, D. D., of N. York, 
 
 4lli " .*' : ".Bishop: Waugh, of Maryland; 
 
 slk " " J. A. Browv; Esq., of Pennsylvania, 
 
 G//t " ". Rev. H. V. P- Johns, D. D., of'ftTaryland, 
 
 'ctli " '" Rev. E, KiKGsreRD, of the District of Columbia. 
 
 For Secretaries. • ' 
 
 Hon. Harmar Denny, of Pittsburg, 
 Charles W. Rjdgely, Esq , of Baltimore, 
 Rev. Charles A. Davis, of Washington city,. 
 Rev. Timothy Stillman, of N. York. 
 
 The question being put, the iiominations were ratified by the 
 Convention, and the above named gentlemen appointed its officers. 
 
 ■ The Hon. John Q. Adams, being conducted to liie chair, 
 TOacle the foUowiag address, in acknowledgment of the honor of liis 
 ■jappointment : 
 
 "Christian Buetiiren: 
 
 " In returning to this assembly my grateful thanks for the utterly 
 unexpected honor you have done me, by placing me in this chair, 
 I cannot forbear to add, that I shall be obliged to throw myself 
 •entirely on your indulgence, in my efforts to discharge its duties. 
 There are here, I am very sure, great numbers of gentlemen far 
 better suited to occupy this place than I am. Scarcely three days 
 since it was to me wholly unexpected that I should have the honor 
 of meeting with you ; but an invitation to attend was tendered to 
 rne in a manner \vhich did not leave me at liberty to refuse, nor do 
 I now feel myself more at liberty in relation to the appointment 
 you have just made. But, unexpected as it is, I feel my incapacity 
 the more from the circumstance of my having, comparatively, but 
 very little considered the subject. As a general matter, indeed, I 
 always felt myself under obligation to observe that law which was 
 given by God himself from mount Sinai, in those solemn words, 
 "• Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy •," — a command which 
 was subsequently rcne^ved and rc-inforced by the injunctions of the 
 Saviour of mankind. 
 
 In my intercourse with men, I have found a diversity of opinion 
 as to the application of the commandment. There arc plausible 
 
reasons for understanding it in a limited sense. The- cases- in Scrip- 
 ture in which the coniinandment U-as modified by the Saviour, are 
 those in which he was charged with violating it in his own person-, 
 but, when thus accused he replied, "the Sabbath was uiadc for 
 man, not man for the Sabbath." Of course, there may bo some 
 foundation for the existing diversity of Oj)inion ; but the impor- 
 tance of the right observance of the Sabballi cannot be contro- 
 verted. So far as my experience has gone, it would seem to me, 
 that this is the point toward which there will be a propriety in 
 this Convention's directing its efforts. So far as propagating opin- 
 ions in favor of the sacred observance of the day, I feel it to be 
 my duty to give all the faculties of my soul to that subject. . I will 
 not now farther detain the Convention: for, I see before me, many 
 'who are much more competent to point out th^ duty of the people 
 of this country, in relation to the general subject, than I can pre- 
 tend to be. 
 
 Bishop Waugh then reported the following Rules of Order, 
 which were adopted : 
 
 1st. The Convention sliall meet at 9 o'clock, a. m. and adjourn at 1, p. m. — 
 Meet at 3 o'clock, p. m. and adjourn at 5. — And meet again at 1 o'clock in the 
 evening. 
 
 2nd. Eacli meeting of the Convention siiall be opened with prayer for the divine 
 guidance and blessing. 
 
 3rd. All Committees shall be appointed by the chair, unless otherwise ordered by 
 the Convention. 
 
 4th. There shall be a Standing Committee of Seven, to prepare and report business 
 for the Convention. 
 
 6tii. Business shall be taken up in the order in which it sliall be presented by the 
 Committee. 
 
 6th. All resolutions shall be in writing ; and after being read in the hearing of tiie 
 Convention, shall, without debate, be passed into the hands of the Standing Commit- 
 tee, — and other documents, without being read, shall go to the same Committee. 
 
 Tth. No person shall speak more than ten minutes at any time, nor more than once 
 on any question, without leave of the Convention. 
 
 8th. When all business presented by the Standing Committee shall hnve been dis- 
 posed of, any member may, on his own responsibility, present any resolution that 
 may, in iiis view, be adapted to promote the sacred observance of the Lord's day, to 
 the consideration of the Convention. 
 
 The following gentlemen were appointed the Standing Committee 
 of Business, viz. : 
 
 The Rev. Justin Edwards, D. D., chairman; J. -M. Attvvood, 
 Esq., Rev. A. D. Eddy, D. D., Christian Keener, Esq., Rev. 
 Benjamin Kurtz, D. D., Clias. M. Kcyser, Esq., and Rev. Timothy 
 Stillman. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Powell, it was 
 
 Ordered^ That a Committee of Ten be appointed, to superintend 
 the formation of a full and correct roll of all the delegates in attend- 
 ance on this Convention. 
 
 The following gentlemen were appointed the Committee on 
 Enrollment: 
 
Messrs. Fielder Israel, T. T. Mason, David C. McCammon, Jolm 
 L. Linton, William B. Canfield, Milton Smith, Jacob Gideon, 
 John S. Mitchell, Joseph S. Carson, Matthew Brooks. 
 
 In consequence of Mr. Frelinghuysen's inability to he present, 
 James Clarke, Esq., of Pa., President of the Board of Cannl Com- 
 missioners for that State, was appointed in his place as one of the 
 Vice Presidents. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Stillman liaving been appointed on tlie Standing Com- 
 mittee, Mr. Milton Smith, of Philadelphia, was chosen an Assistant 
 Secretary, in his stead. 
 
 Dr. Edwards, Irom tlie Standing Committee of Business, reported 
 in part, tlie following resolutions: 
 
 I. Resolved^ That we gratefully recognize the wisdom and 
 goodness of Jehovah in the appointment of the Sabbath, in the 
 sanction which he gave to it by his own example, in his command 
 to men to remember it and keep it holy, and in the blessings which 
 it has been the means of conferring upon tliose vyho have kept it 
 according to his will, in all ages of the world. 
 
 II. Resolved, That we specially notice the kindness of the Lord, 
 in leading the fathers of our country so extensively to acknowledge 
 the sanctity of his day, and to observe it as a day of rest from 
 secular business, travelling and amusement, and of special devotion 
 to the public worship of God, and the promotion of the spiritual 
 good of men. 
 
 HI. Resolved,- That the blessings which we are enjoying from the 
 labors and sacrifices of those who have gone before us,^ror which 
 labors and sacrifices, their regard for tlie Sabbath was an essential 
 means of preparing them, — ought to lead us, in this matter, consci- 
 entiously and perseveringly to imitate all that was good in their 
 example. 
 
 IV. Resolved, That tlie influence of the observance of the Lord's 
 day, in the establishment of our social, civil and religious institu- 
 tions, was such as must greatly endear it to the hearts of all intelli- 
 gent and consistent patriots; and the continuance and legitimate 
 operations of these. institutions, will depend in no small decree upon 
 the manner in which the people of this country shall meet the re^ 
 sponsibilities, and discharge the duties of that sacred day. 
 
 These resolutions were taken up in order, ami the first being read, 
 Mr. Richard Lemmon, of Baltimore, introduced- the following : 
 
 Resolved, That the report of the Committee be re-committed, 
 with instructions to present to this Convention the scril)tural 
 observances and obligations of the Lord's day ; and that the Commit- 
 tee be enlarged l)y the chair. 
 
 This resolution gave rise to a protracted discussion, in which 
 Rev. Mr. Brainard, Dr. Kurtz, Mr. Lemmon, Dr. Campbell, Prest. 
 Durbin, A. B. Magruder, Esq., Rev.' Mr. Ilealy, Hon. Mr. Cham- 
 bers, Dr. Longmorc and others, participated. 
 
 Dr. Durbin called for the reading of tlie original proceedings 
 and address, in pursuance of which the Convention had'assembled. 
 
The address extended an earnest invitation to " the friends of 
 the Lord's day, of every christian denomination, throughout the 
 lengtli and breadth of our land, to hold preparatory meetings, and 
 appoint delegates to attend said National Convention, and co-ope- 
 rate in devising such means and proposing such measures, as in 
 their judgment will be most likely, witli God's blessing, to promote 
 the proper observance of the Christian Sabbath in all the various 
 relations of life." 
 
 These documents being read, the hour of 1, p. ji. arrived, and 
 the Convention adjourned to 3 o'clock. 
 
 Wednesday afternoon, — 3 o'clock. 
 
 Convention met. President in the chair. Prayer was offered 
 by the Rev. Dr. Nott. 
 
 The question recurring on the adoption of the 1st Resolution 
 reported by the Standing Committee, the Rev. Dr. Hill of Win- 
 chester, Va., offered his congratulations to the Convention on the 
 very general response which had been given to the call for its 
 assembling, and the large number of avowed' friends of the Sab- 
 bath here present,^ from so many different States of the Union. 
 
 Dr. Hill then made a few remarks in reference to the character 
 of the proceedings, whichit would be expected of. the Convention 
 to adopt, and hoped that the body would proceed to the perform- 
 ance of those important duties for which it- had been convened. 
 
 The question was then put, and the first four Resolutions were 
 adopted without remark. 
 
 The fifth Resolution was then read : 
 
 V. Resolved., That the increasing conviction which is manifested 
 in various parts of our country, of th-e duty and utility of- remem- 
 bering the Christian Sabbath and keeping it holy, and the conse- 
 qaent diminution of secular business, and the increase of the num- 
 bei's who assemble to acknowledge the Author of their blessings, 
 are tokens for good to the country, and ought to encourage all, to. 
 give to the observance of this day, the sanction of their habitual 
 example. 
 
 Tlie Rev. Mr. Powell observed, that tlie terms of the Resolution fiwiled and seemed 
 • to call for the statement of interesting facts which might be in possession of gentlemen 
 present, the communication of which would cond.uce to the general otject for whicb 
 this meeting had been called.. " . ' . 
 
 Mr. P. went on to say, that for more than two years past he had passed frequently 
 along tlie great thorough ft res of travel in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and hctd been a dare- 
 - ful observer of the manner in .wliich the Lord's day was kept. In Pliiladelphia, Pitts- 
 burg, Cincinnati and many of the large towns tiirough this region of country, the mer-. 
 ■chants most extensively engaged in business and who were of course largely interested 
 in the transportation of their morcliandize, had signed a memorial to the Legislatures 
 of their respective States, praying for a law prohibiting the carrying of goods ajongoiir 
 canals and rail roads on the Sabbath day. Tliere was a growing conviction among 
 business men, geneially, that it was unprofitable even in a pecuniary view, thus to 
 
8 
 
 occupy the Sabbaih day. On the Pittsburg and. Canal, indeed, uine-tentTia of 
 
 the canal boats had ceased to run on that day. A gentleman lately travelling in that 
 quarter had asked the captain of one of the packet boats why it was that any of them 
 ran upon the Lord's day; The captain replied, that the proprietors had fully ascertain- 
 ed that they ran their boats at a loss on tlio Sabbath, and would gladly cease to do so, 
 but Were under the belief that public opinion forbade it. lie replied that in that be- 
 lief they were grcatl}' mistaken, that iie had himself for many years, travelled more 
 on Sabbaih than almost any other man ; but had always found that before the week 
 was out he lost more than he had gained by his Sunday tiips. Many men engaged 
 in the business, after carefull}' prefacing tlieir statements by disclaiming all belief in 
 the divine autliorit}' for the observance of the day, were prompt in testifying that 
 they had found it unprofitable to disregard it. The superintendent of a rail road 
 which crossed the mountains had recently made an official report of the results of the 
 enterprize, which proved, that owing to tiie great diminution of travel upon the IjOfd's 
 day, cars which ran on that diiy. did not pay their expenses: a most important fact^^ 
 going to show a great and salutary change in public sentiment and practice within a 
 few years. Mr. F. said, in conclusion, that he doubted not there were many other 
 gentlemen present who were acquainted with facts of a similar kind: and he thought 
 it due to the present occasion'and to the cause which lay so near the hearts of all here 
 assembled that they should be brought out. 
 
 Dr. Edwards went into a number of statistical details officially given, in relation 
 to the State rail roads in Pennsylvania, which had the same bearing witii those already 
 stated, and proved that the running of passenger cars on the Sabbath day occasioned 
 an actual loss to the State Treasury of $3,G13, being enough to pay tiie interest on 
 ^72,000 of the State debt. Dr. E. added tliat Jie had been informed by the presi- 
 dent of one of our great rail roads that, in his opinion, the travel on the Sabbath day 
 had been diniinished more than half within a few years, notwithstanding the total 
 amount of travelling had been so largely increased. An aged merchant in one of our 
 seaports had observed to him, that it was now an uncommon thing, in comparison to 
 what had been customary some years ago, to see a vessel leave the wharf upon the 
 Lord's day, that gentleman at the same time observed that though largely engaged in 
 commerce he had not allowed a vessel of his to sail on Sunday for the last twenty 
 years; and a similar course was becoming comparatively conmion. Merchants, and 
 all concerned, found by experience that " it worked better" to confine their business 
 to six days in the week and to rest on the remaining day. He said farther, tliat lie.' 
 had recently visited New York after an absence of thirty years, and was amazed to 
 find Iiow large a number of the merchants focmorly flourisliing in that great city, and 
 who were generally in the habit of writing up their books and sailing their vessels 
 en the Sabbath, had come to nothing. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Longmore, of Manayunk, expressed his gratification at these state- 
 ments, and iiopod they would be multiplied. They were cheering to the hearts of all 
 who loved the Lord's day. At the late Convention held at Ilarrisburg, he had present- 
 ed sundry statements in reference to tlw violations of the Sabbalii witiiin his own dis- 
 trict. They had there two rail roads, one en each side of the Schuylkill, beside 
 another which ran day and night on that holy day. The christians of that region 
 considered their rights as citizens infringed by the constant disturbance they experi- 
 enced, while engaged in the worship of Almighty God, by the uproar of steam en- 
 gines, which passed under the very windows of the sanctuary, puffing defiance against 
 the laws of God and the most sacrod employments and feelings of man. He was now 
 happy to announce that, on the Reading Uail Koad, all Sabbatli operations had by a, 
 recent vote of the Board of Directors, been suspended : the last Sabbath being tho 
 last day on which tiie profanation was permitted to continuo. In this vote the Board, 
 
fo their honor, wore Unanimous. The christians in Manaynnk rejoiced greatly inr 
 this triumph of sound principle. The example, loo, was the more important from its 
 publicity, the roads in that region being occupied in an immense coal business. He 
 felt a cheering hope tiiat its eftV-ct would be so deeply felt that by the approaching- 
 spring he should have the satisfaction of stating, that neither steamboat nor rail car 
 travelled Manayunk on the Lord's day. The operatives immediately engnged were all 
 zealously in favor of such a reforin. They felt that by this iinmiligating toil, they 
 were degraded to the condition of beasts ; that by this wicked and oppressive system, 
 their very blood was coined into dollars to swell the treasures of rich men. Dr. L. 
 had heard their complaints and witnessed their tears. Nothing would occasion more 
 hearty rejoicing among them than such a change as should allow them and their 
 wives and their childi-en to enjoy, in common with others, the precious blessings of 
 tlie Sabbath day. lie congratulalcd the Convention on the number present. They 
 were met as christians not only but as patriots, as friends and lovers of our common 
 country, to consult upon measures for the exaltation of her moral dignity and for the 
 spread and perpetuation both of civil and religious liberty. He had witnessed the 
 healthful influence of his Sabbath Convention ; and he doubted not the influence of 
 this, which was so much more numerous, and drawn from so much wider an extent 
 of the Union, would go, with healing on its wings, to tlie remotest bounds of our 
 glorious and happy Republic. He traced ilie reform of which he had spoken entirely 
 to the intluence of the Convention at Harrisburg, and it was a cheering pledge, a; 
 happy omen, of what might be hoped for from the present assemblage. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Stillrnan, of Dunkirk, New York, staled that as his home was on 
 the lakes, he had for the last five years, been much among the watermen on our 
 canals and the sailors on those great internal seas. He had watched with great inter- 
 est the state of their feelings and habits in relation to the observance of the Lord's day. 
 Five years since Ihey cared nothing for the Sabbath, and then had freedom to rest on 
 that day been offered them, three-fourths of their number would have rejected'tlie 
 boon. But now the case was widely different. These once neglected men now be- 
 gan to fee] tliat there were those who cared for them as men, as accountable beings 
 destined to something higher and better than their few enjoyments in tins world. 
 The moment tiiis conviction came home to their bosoms, it wrought a wonderful change 
 in their feelings and all their solicitudes, and they now felt eager to avail themselves- 
 of the rest and refreshment of the Sabbath day. Nor did they feel this onl_v, but 
 freely expressed it. After various experiments they had become salisfiod that they 
 were unable of themselves to break up the practice of running boats and sailing ves- 
 sels on the Lord's day, and they had therefore united in a petition to lire directors of 
 canals to instruct tl>eir hands to keep the Sabbath. A petilior) to this effbei had been 
 signed by vast nimibers of these people: and tliat without any solicitation front 
 others : — they were spontaneous in the matter and exhibited great eagerness to make 
 the effort. Durmg the last winter not less than 1,260 captains of boats had presented 
 three memorials to the Legislature on this interesting and important suliject : many 
 other petition.^ iiad come up from other classes of our citizens, and the result liad been 
 the reference of the whole to a committee of the State Senate who had returned to 
 that body a most valuable report, cx|>licilly recognizing the broad foundations of chris- 
 tian duty. The petitions presented last year not havir^g been granted, they were now 
 inquiring what course to pursue. Undismayed by the want of success in their first 
 attempt, they were now circulating a fresh memorial which would receive signatures 
 three or four times as numerous as before. Mr. S. here related a conversation he had 
 held, not long since, with the helmsman of a canal boat, whose mind he found in a very 
 tender state, and who shed many teai's under the earnest appeals made to him — until^ 
 at longUi, unable longer to endure tiie pressure upon his conscience, he burst out wilhi 
 
10 
 
 this moving langunge, " Oh sir, do not talk to me any more. I can't be a christian 
 while I live in the breach of the Sabbath, and such is the state of my family that I 
 cannot leave the boat." Here then was a plain case in which the force of public 
 sentiment by compelling the running of public conveyances on the Lord's day was 
 directly barring the door of heaven against a distressed soul who would gladly en- 
 ter in. 
 
 The same feeling prevailed among the sailors on the lakes. They had reasoned on 
 this subject, tliat if the Temperance pledge had done so much for the good of the 
 world why might not a Sabbath pledge work in the same way? They had according- 
 ly drawn up a written agreement pledging themselves not to leave port, nor load or 
 unload any vessel on the Lord's day. This pledge had been signed by si.t hundred of 
 the sailors plying on Lake Erie, and they carried it out in action. One instance of 
 the effects of this he would relate to the Convention. In a cei-tain port upon Lake 
 Erie adverse winds had detained a vessel that was ready to sail until Sabbath morn- 
 ing, when the wind suddenly became fair, and the captain instantly ordered nil handa 
 to prepare for setting sail : but much to his surprise not a creature stirred to obey the 
 command. On enquiring the reason, they told him they had signed a pledge not to 
 labor on the Sabbath day. Transported with rage he dismissed them on the spot, 
 and went off to get another crew. Applying to some men who appeared to be out 
 of emploj'nient, there reply was " we cannot ship to-day : we believe tliat God has 
 given us the Sabbath for rest and for his worship, and we are afraid that a man who 
 would rob God of his day would rob us of our wages, "if he could." (A laugh ) The 
 numbers of those in this holy conspiracy were every day increasing : and iMr. S. was 
 strong in the hope that the day would yet dawn upon our land, when if a man wanted 
 •his vessel got out to sea on the Sabbath day, he would have to do it himself. 
 
 ■ Rev. Mr. Williamson, of Pennsylvania, observed that he had" a few facts within his 
 knowledge respecting the canal labors of that State which might perhaps interest the 
 Convention. He had circulated a paper containing a number of enquiries, from the 
 replies to which he had collected much information. TJie result was that in general 
 the line boats -had stopped running. The. contracts made by merchants new fre- 
 qufenUy contained a proviso that the boats conveying their merchandize need not travel 
 on the Lord*sday. From the lock-keepers he learned tliat the boats in general avpid- 
 ed setting out in the day time, but waited for the dark of the evening. Much anxiety 
 was nOw felt by the lock-tenders that an entire s"top should be put to Sabbath canal 
 travelling. The influence of lying by on the Lord's day did not proVe, as had been. by 
 someappreliendedjinjurious-to the morals of the boat hands. It was the testimony 
 of the visiting committees who had been appointed in reference to the observance of 
 the Sabbath, that' the men behaved better than before the change. They were often 
 found upon tlie Lord's day with the liible or with tracts in liieir hands, peaceably read- 
 ing, and many of. them earnestly enquiring for the truth. Others, on slopping, .would 
 enquire for a place .of worship, wlu!ii they would attend in the most orderly manner. 
 It was seldom that they went wandering about tlie neighborhood comniitling depre- 
 dations and .trespasses, as had once been the case. As to stopping tlie lunning of 
 boats altogether, the proprietors of the lines would many of them fiivor ihe proposal, 
 were the measure come into by oilier lines. Their general reply vvas " if others will 
 stop, we will stop," but while others continued to run their boats or cars, they were 
 apprelicnsivc that the travel would be drawn off in anoliior direction. On one of 
 .the rentes the mail had ceased to run, and instead of creating dissatisfaction among 
 the people, it had occasioned general content. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Ed<iy, froth New Jersey, said that ho also had a little information to 
 present. The design of the Resoluiiim as he understood it, was to show that vt was 
 not only morally wrong,' but unprofitable in a jiecuniary view, fur men to violate the 
 
11 
 
 Sabbath day. To some minds the suljject presented itself in a different light: there 
 were men who expected to realize pecuniary benefit from disregarding the divine com- 
 mand: and certainly the number was comparatively small who were sufficiently consci- 
 entious lo continue the observance of the Sabbatliday at a pecuniary loss to tliemselvea. 
 It was tlierefore important to convince men that in supposing they were consulting their 
 worldly interest by breaking the Sabbath in conducting their business, they were un- 
 der a great mistake. 
 
 Dr. E. had in his possession an official return from the N. York and Pliiladelphia 
 Rail Road, which went to shew that between N. York and N. Brunswick, the propor- 
 tion of travel on the Sabbath, as compared with the other days of the week, was as 
 no to 499. This was the proportion in 1843. It 184411 was as 394 to 791. This 
 statement, considered in itself, was calculated to produce the impression that the Com- 
 pany experienced a loss by continuing to run their cars on the Sabbath: but it was 
 not so. Worldly men were usually sharp in the knowledge of their own interest; 
 and certainly were not likely long to submit to a personal loss for the promotion of 
 the public good : still less was this to be expected from Corporations. The loss which 
 thus occurred was made up by discontinuing nine six day cars and throwing all the 
 passengers into the mail cars, and thus actually increasing the amount of receites 
 from these trains on the Sabbath. 
 
 Dr. E. produced another document which had been furnished to him by the attorney, 
 of several pf these Rail Road Companies. The cars from Philadelpiiia toN. Bruns- 
 wick were owned by one Company, those between N. 'Brunswick and N. York by 
 another. Nine cars ran each way. These cars rested on the Sa!)bath, but the Mail 
 lines continued to run,' and pn them the proportion of Sabbath travel to that on the 
 week days, was as to 287 to 273. Not\vithstai>ding this state of tilings, the Company 
 were willing and desirous to discontinue the running of ihe whole on the Sabbath day, 
 and would have done so before now, were they not under contract with the Govern- 
 ment, by which they were bound to carry a Sabbath Mail. They were fully sensible. 
 of the divine obligation Upon them to keep holy the Sabbath day, ahd so appreciated 
 the value of the divine institute to the welfare and happiness of mankind, that they 
 would gladfy stop all their cars and rest aecording to the commandment, were it not 
 for their contract with the General Post Office. Overtures had been made to the De- 
 partment, and the proprietors looked witli anxiety to the results of the presenfConr . 
 vention upon public opinion for the prospect of a happy issue to their applications. 
 
 The question being now taken, the 5th Resolution was adopted. 
 
 The Gth Resolution having been read, and the question recurring 
 on its adoption, it was agTeed to^ viz. :. . . . 
 
 ■ VI. Resolved, Tliat we witness with great pleasure the influence- 
 which many editors, not. only of the religious, but the secal'ar press 
 of our country, are exerting in favor of the Lord's day. — And trust 
 that their labors will be duly appreciated by the patriotic pf all 
 classes, and meet a general response from the heart's of the people. 
 
 Dr. Eddy,, from the Businiess Committee, reported the following 
 Resolution : . 
 
 VII. Resolved, That, in a free country, where general intelli- 
 gence and virtue are essential to the purity and peroiancjice of civil 
 institi>tions — the observance of the Sabbath is pecidiarly necessary, 
 in order to secure that respect for. the laws, wliich is essential to 
 public Iranquilit}', and that general conviction of moral responsi- 
 bility on which the safety of property, and cliaract.er, and life, and 
 the appropriate enjoyment and- use of these blessings depend. 
 
12 
 
 Dr. Eflvrards arlvocated the Resolntion.— It staled, that in a free eountry like our^, 
 where iritcllig-ence prevailed to so hrge an extent, tiie due observance of llic Sabbath, 
 (by vvJiioh term lie meant a day of public rest, set apart for the public acknowledge- 
 ment of the divine Author of tills world,) is absolutely necessary to secure that 
 respect for the laws which is essential to the preservation of public tranquillity, and 
 that conviction of moral responsibility on which the safety of property and life de- 
 pended. The officers of the State of Pennsylvania, in violation (as the Commission- 
 ers of Canals themselves declared,) of the hws of the State, had opened the locks for 
 the pass.ii^c of boats, in a business which occupied the time and labor of twenty 
 thousand boatmen. 
 
 Tlie Committee of the Senate of the Stale of New York, on a petition from tire 
 captains of numerous canal boats, stated it as a well known fuel in the history of the 
 vicious and depraved, that the violation of the Sabbath was generally the first step 
 in that career of crime which led to men's utter ruin. Nor was this at all strange 
 or mysterious. The want of moral and religious culture left the mind destitute of 
 moral restraint, like a vessel cast upon a wild tempestuous sea, without compass or 
 chart ; no wonder that the end was the utter wreck of character and life itself. 
 
 To shew that this was something more than mere human opinion, he appealed to 
 facts, which, occurring in providence, were the voice of God. Out of one thousand, 
 two hundred and thirty-two convicts, in the State Prison at Auburn, N. Y., four hun- 
 dred and forty-seven had been watermen, dej)rived, by their slavish employment of 
 the rest of the Sabbath. This class of men did not compose one-twentieth of the 
 population, and yet they constituted a full third of all the convicts ; out of one thou- 
 sand, two hundred and thirty-two Ihus convicted, only twenty-six, even pretended, 
 that they ever kept the Sabbath. So much for the effeets of opening the locks of the 
 State canals on the Lord's day. Out of one thousand, four hundred and fifty convicts 
 in the same prison, in 1839, five hundred and sixty-three were of this same oppressed 
 class of laboiing men. Thus, this appalling result, was not a mere transient or soli- 
 tary fact, but a fact regularly recurring, and therefore holding forth a practical com- 
 mcntiry on the law of God. That law was written, not on tables of stone only, but 
 on the bodies and the souls of men. This appointment of one day of weekly rest 
 was interwoven throughout the wliole nature of man. The Sabbath was made for 
 man by Him who made -man, and who knew what he made him for. It was made, 
 Jesus iiiinself being witness, for "Man." " Man," did not mean " the Jews " The 
 scripture declared, that "Man that is born of a woman, is. of few days, and full of 
 trouble :" it did not mean to assert that the Jews only were of few days. Again, it 
 declared that " it is appointed to Man once to die, and after that the judgment." — 
 Was this appointed to the Jews only? Every body knew to whom such language 
 applied. The Sabbath was made for him, to whom it was appointed once to die ; for 
 him, who is of few days and full of trouble ; and it was given to aid him in prepara- 
 tion for a judgment to come. 
 
 The question being put, the 7tl» Resolution wa.s adopted. 
 The Conveulion took a recess till 7 o'clock. 
 
 Evening session, — 7 o^lock. 
 Convention met. Prayer was oflered by the Rev. Dr. Eddy. 
 
 Dr. Edwards, from the Busines.s Committee, said, that he was instructed by that 
 Committee to say, that it had been deemed by the Baltimore Sabbath Association highly 
 expedient, that a summary report of the doings of this Convention, be prepared and 
 printed for gratuitous circulation. To accomi)Iish this very desirable end, it would 
 bo necessaiy that a collection should be taken up; and he proposed that this should, 
 now be done. 
 
It* 
 o 
 
 The suggestion met with a read}^ assent, and it was 
 Ordered, That the menihcrs at" the Committee of Eniollment, 
 perform tlie duty of collectors. 
 
 The fbllou'iag documents were then read. 
 
 1st. From the Secretary of the Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail 
 Road.— >.See Appendix. 
 
 2nd. A letter from Chief Justice Ilornblower, of New Jersey. 
 
 Newark, New JtRsny, ) 
 J^hnday JMorning, Oct. 2o, 1844. J 
 
 Dear Sir : — 
 
 I reached home late on Saturday night last from our Supreme Court, and found 
 on my table yeur letter of tire" 18'lh inst. I baste'n to reply, and have little ume 
 now to do more, than to express my deep regfet, that a. pfessure of official duties- will 
 prevent me from going to Ballijnore tniattend the contemplated Sabbath Goiivenlion. 
 
 Please, dear fiir^ assure that body, when it-^jhail be assemb]ed,'lhat'iH the ^reat ob- 
 ject of their meelt'Og,! am with them,' heart and soul, in' all fiiy moral feelui^s, my 
 chri.stian sympalhiea, and iriy loveof country.— It wouldbe.asMse!eiis,.as itwouldbe 
 indisci.eci, for ine to al-terript, within the liiriits of sucli a couiuiuiuciilion -.as' this 
 should be, to write an essay or* the obligation tliat rests' upcii us, to htep liolj', tlie 
 Sabbath. day, and tlie importance of doing s'6, as Connected, witii the u'(;ll being 
 of society: the enjo'yment of personal health and comfort, and tire promotion and se- 
 curity of domestic peace, virtue and happiness.-— rSuch discussions I nnist leave to 
 abler hands, and to those whose studies, duties and avocations in life, better fu them 
 for such a task. — Permit nie, however, to advert for » moment to my own. experience 
 and observa.Uons, oil, this subject. For for-ty yeiirs I have been extensively and famil- 
 iarly acquainted and cdruifectcd with the. adrmnistralion of ju.stice, in this State : and 
 for the la-st twelve years, as the. presiding .ificmber of its Suprenie Court, it luts'been 
 my painful duty to pronounce the sentence, of the law on many wretched convicts, 
 and for crimes. of every grade ; from that of. the petty thief to the crui'l and cold- 
 blooded murderer. — Ou the trial of many .of those persons, their histories, sometimes 
 from thei-r boyhood and their early associations, have been incidentally, and more or 
 less, fully devehiped, and I hazard nothing in saying, that in a large inajority of 
 such cases, the first and minor delinquencies of the convict, have resulted (lom, -or 
 been connected with, desecrations of the Sabbath by themselves and their compan- 
 ions. — In many instances too, the unhap.py convicts turn out to be the children of 
 Sabbatli-breaking parents ; or of parents, however otherwise respectable, or well-otF 
 in society, who have habitually neglected the religious observance of the Sabbath, 
 and permitted their families and children, to live and grow up in utler disregard of 
 that day, and of all the sacred institutions connected with it. 
 
 1 could extend these remarks, and give some specific and painful instances of moral 
 turpitude and of human sorrow and sufToring, resulting from the habitual desecration 
 or neglect of the Sabbatii, illustrating the views I have expressed, and proviiio- the 
 blessed truth that that day was made /or nioji, and kindly instituted by heaven, to 
 promote both his temporal and eternal welfare. — But .time- will not permit me to en- 
 large. Ma3' the God of the Sabbath and thef Sanctuary, be with tlie Convention 
 when it meets. — May nothing bo attempted in mere human wisdom : nothing hoped 
 for, as the result of man's device: nothing done, that shall have the appcararice of 
 a wantoFi interference with the laws and institutions of our country, or the civil and 
 religious liberty of our fellow citizens. — Let moral suasion, exhortation and advico, 
 precept, example and prayer, be resorted to and relied upon, under God, as our 
 
14 
 
 means of sustaining and promoting tiie sanctification and observance of the Sabbath, 
 and of perpetuating and increasing its liallowed influences, and then we may hope for 
 success in our noble and benevolent enterprise. — Connnending the Convention to the 
 guidance and protection of Him, from whom cometh down every good and perfect 
 gift, and sincerely praying tiiat tiie spirit of wisdom will pieside in their councils, and 
 conduct them to blessed results, I remain. Dear Sir, 
 
 Most respectfully, your friend and servant, 
 
 JOS. C. HORNBLOWER. 
 Rev. O. S. Powell, Secretary, &.c. 
 
 Srd, From the Hon. Judge Hall, Delaware. — See Jlppendix. 
 4th. From Rev. Dr. Schmucker, of Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 TuEOLOGicAL Seminary, Js'ovemher "blh, 1844. 
 To the Sabbath Contention, &c. 
 
 Dear Brethren, — Until this morning I cherished the pleasing expectation of 
 personally appearing in your midst, but the sudden increase of cold, compels me to 
 shun an exposure, which would almost certainly cause the return of a disease, by 
 which I was confined to the house during tiie greater part of last winter. Under 
 these circumstances 1 sliould, in common with other non-attending delegates, have 
 contented myself with silently praying for the divine blessing on your assemblage ; 
 but having, in addition to my county appointment, been honored by the American 
 and Foreign Sabbath Association as one of their delegates to this Convention, I feel it 
 due to that respectable body and to myself, to express my deep symyatliy in llie ob- 
 jects of an assemblage, on which the eyes of angels and of God, 1 doubt not, linger 
 with pleasure. 
 
 To promote the better observance of that day, most intimately connected with the 
 highest interests of men, and by moral and legal means to withdraw tliis great nation 
 from the ranks of its positive and official desecrators ; so that all, whether office- 
 bearers or private christians, may in reality, as well as in profession, be lefl to enjoy 
 those rights of conscience, guaranteed by our national constitution, is a noble aim. 
 It will aid our fellow-citizens throughout the length and breadth of this land, to rise 
 to a consciousness of their immortal destinies, to recognize their relation to the God of 
 the universe, and learn to feel, that though dwelling on earth, their proper citizen- 
 ship is in heaven. Such an object cannot fail to ensure the smiles of Jehovah, until 
 the supreme Lawgiver no longer delights in the obedience of his creatures, nor takes 
 pleasure in contemplating actions, which he liimselflias commanded. 
 
 The numerous resolutions of town and country meetings, of Presbyteries and 
 Synods, together with the tones of deep and wide-spread interest, uttered of late by 
 the pulpit and the press, which will pass under your review, cannot fail to fill your 
 hearts with joy, and make your Convention, in some measure, what Tertullian lells 
 U9 the Lord's day or Christian Sabbath Itself was in the earlier ages, namely, a time 
 of rejoicing; so that, on that day of the week, christians would neither fast, nor 
 kneel when they prayed. You will have amongst you representatives of nearly all 
 the tribes of our Protestant Israel, who were deputed to your holy convocation ; and 
 my heart is ready to exclaim. " IIow pleasant it is for bretliren to dwell together in 
 unity!" How beautiful an cxemj)lification of christian union on an object of com- 
 mon interest! We are wont to refer to the ago of the Reformation as a period of sur- 
 passing splendor in the triumphs of Christianity — and so it was. Il icrts an age of 
 noble daring, and of glorious achievement, in many respects. Cut such a convoca- 
 tion as yours, could not have been held in that age; because the early reformers 
 themselves entertained rather inadequate views on this subject. It cannot be denied, 
 they stand on immovable ground in maintaining the abrogation of the Jewish Sab- 
 
15 
 
 bath, and the absence of a positive precept for the observation of the first day of the 
 weeii. But they seem not to have conceded sufficient force to the antemos.'iic exist- 
 ence of the Sabbath, and to its primitive appointment and sanctificatiou by God in 
 closing the creative week. Tlie abrogation of tiie Mosaic ritual, couid not annul 
 what had existed before it, and independently of it ; and the example of inspired 
 apostles, and of primitive ciiristians under their guidance, in observing the Lord's day 
 as their Sabbatii, is authority enough for our walking in their steps. The experience 
 of God's people has, moreover, fully demonstrated the cardinal importance of a care- 
 ful observance of llie day of spiritual rest, alike to growth of individual piety, and to 
 true prosperity in the church. 
 
 Such a Convention as yours, embracing representatives from all the most important 
 portions of the church, could not even now be held on the continent of Europe. 
 The Protestant churches there still extensively retain the loose views referred to, and 
 regard as pharisaic such an observance of the Lord's day, as is recommended by the 
 pious of our country. The unhappy union of church and state also hampers their 
 movements, and prevents them from laboring successfully to produce any important 
 reform on tiiis subject. 
 
 To our country. Providence has given peculiar facilities, for this holy enterprize, 
 and on us doubtless devolves peculiar responsibility. Concerning the grounds of 
 obligation to Sabbatic observance, some diversity of opinion perhaps exists ; on the 
 obligation itself there can be none. On this common ground, tlie importance of the 
 observance and the best measures for more fully securing it, by private individuals, 
 by churches and by the constituted authorities of the land, we have a field sufliciently 
 wide for harmonious effbrt. The very first emperor who ever professed the christian 
 religion, decreed that the cliristian soldiers in his army should have leisure on the 
 Lord's day, to attend religious worship. How humiliating the fact, that after the 
 lapse of fifteen centuries, many thousands of our citizens, in the employment of our 
 christian government, have this privilege denied them ! 
 
 But I will trespass on your time no longer. — May the Lord of the Sabbath breathe 
 his sacred influence over your assembly, and so prosper his and our holy enterprize, 
 that the careful observance of the Lord's day will again, as it was among the early 
 christians, be the badge of discipleship, and the interrogation of their heathen perse- 
 cutors, dominicum servasti ? be again equivalent to the inquir)^, art Ihou a christian ? 
 
 Your brother in Christ, 
 
 S. S. SCHMUCKER. 
 
 5th, From Chancellor VVahvorth. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, J\'ov. 22nd, 1844. 
 
 Dear Sir : — Allow me througli you to express to the National Sabbath Conven- 
 tion, about to assemble at your place, and to which I was appointed a delegate, my 
 sincere regret that I cannot, consistently witii other duties, attend its deliberations. 
 I had made arrangements to be there, and until yesterday supposed I should be 
 able to do so. 
 
 Not only the religion, but the general morality of a nation is intimately connected 
 with the due observance of the Sabbath ; and the deliberations of this Convention, 1 
 have reason to believe, will have a most important influence in turning tiie attention 
 of every part of our extended republic to tiie subject. Experience Jias shown that 
 the morals of the people soon become corrupted where the Sabbath, instead of being 
 devoted to the contemplation of God and the duties we owe to him and our fellow 
 men and our families, is spent by the mass of the people in secular employments, pro- 
 fane revelry, irreligious sports, or in travelling on business or for pleasure. I will 
 refer to a striking illustiation of this fact. We know from history that James the 
 
16 
 
 first of England, in the latter part of his reijn, publicly sanctioned the desecration of 
 the Sabbath by his impious declaration in favor of Sabbath sports in Lancashire ; and 
 a. few years afterwards his unprincipled son and successor consummated the work of 
 impiety by enlarging the license, and extending it to all Etigland. — He also rebuked 
 and censured the excellent Chief Justice Richardson, and the magistracy, who had 
 attempted to preserve the holy rest of the Sabbatli from being disturbed by dancing 
 assemblies, and other revehy, archery, vaulting- and other s[)orls of the like nature. 
 I reoTct tliat I am also obliged to say that the then primate of Engiaiid j>;incd with 
 the king inthis censure and rebuke of the upright chief j«stice, if he did nol uidecd 
 instifrate the declaration of Ciiarlos the first in favor of Sabbatli breakinof, to draw the 
 •attention of the people from the encroach n.cnts of power. The corrupted state of 
 the public morals which followed, particularly among the cavalieis and the lower 
 classes, is to some extent a matter of history, and is daily becoming more so as the 
 lightof truth is thrown upon ihe history of that durk period. — The bloody revolution 
 which succeeded, and the final exj)ulsion of the race of the Stuarts from the jJirone, a 
 fevv. years afterwards, may properly be considcredas but the just retributions- of an 
 offended Gjyd; that God who, amid the thunderings of Sinai, ha,d pommanded the 
 people to remeVnber tlie Sabbath day to keep it holy. 
 
 Allow inpalso to refer to the ease of tiie total abrogation of tlie Sabbatli by revo- 
 lutionary France. TIral abrog.ilion was accompanied by a general corruption of 
 morals, and even by the breaking up of the conjugal relation, under the law allo\Ving 
 an unlimited divorce ^l the nicrc will of the parties, when, as the Abbe Gregoire 
 states, upwards of twerity thousand divorces were registered in the short space of 
 eighteen months, and those in the city of Paris wore nearly equal to the number of 
 marriages. Tiiereagaiirthe headle.«s trunks of unnumbered thousands of contending 
 factions attested the righteous indignation of the God<if the Sibbuth, at this national 
 desecration and abrogation of his holy day, and the total extinction of all religion. 
 
 On the otlier hand, I hiay refer with pleasure to' the high stale of public and pri- 
 vate morals which' existed among the pilgrim fathers of our own beloved counti-}', 
 who fled hither that they- might enjoy and maitrtain the undisturbed sanctity of the 
 Lord's day, with freedotn also frorn religious persecution. Witness also the approv- 
 ing smiles of Heaven wliicli followed the proper observance of that holy day by the 
 sons and dano-hters of the pilgrims. And allow me, in view of these facts, to con- 
 gratulate you, and the membersof tlie Convention generally, upon the progiess which 
 hag already been made in various parts of our country, in restoring the sanctity of the 
 Sabbath ; and also upon the increasing attention to its proper observance by all classes, 
 particularly by that portion of the laboring classes who have been engaged in the con- 
 veyance of passengers and of the public mails, and in the navigation of our rivers and 
 canals. 
 
 Bishop Porteus says, the Sabbath is the bulwark of poverty against the encroach- 
 ments of capital. And many who have heretofore boon employed to run stages and 
 steaniboats, or to labor on our canal and rail road luies upon the Sabbath, arc begin- 
 ning to learni and to feel that capitalists are depriving them not only of their religi- 
 ous privileges, but also of civil privileges /enjoyed by others. These men are com- 
 pelled to labor seven days in a week for the support of themselves and their families; 
 which support is in fact but the fair wages of six days' labor. For the seventh day 
 is given to the laboring man by tlie laws of his country, as well as by his beneficent 
 Creator, as a day of rest. A day to bo enjoyed in the bosom of his family, and in 
 attendance upon the institutions of religion, in which the temporal as well as the 
 eternal welfare of himself and his children is so deeply concerned. 
 
 " Hail, blessed Sabbath ! thee I hail, the poor man's day-, 
 
 On other days the man of toil is doomed 
 
 To spend hiis joyless hours away from those ho loves." 
 
17 
 
 And I trust that many of the class of the men of toil to which I have before refer- 
 led, when they also see the gross injustice, as well as the sinfulness, of their being 
 thus deprived of the civil and religious privileges of this blessed day, by the en- 
 croachments of capital, will make up their minds to resist such injustice for the 
 future. 
 
 May the reform which has commenced continue to progress. And may you and 
 your associates in the Convention, and all others engaged in ihis purely benevolent 
 work, persevere in your exertions for the entire sanctification of the Sabbath ; until 
 nothing but the sound of the church-going bell, the voice of the messenger of salva- 
 tion, and the accents of prayer and of praise, shall break upon its holy stillness 
 througliout the whole length and breadth of this. highly-favored land. 
 I am, with respect and esteem, 3'ours, &c. 
 
 R. H. WALWORTH. 
 
 Rev. J. G. Hamner, Baltimore. 
 
 6th. From Hon. Theo. Frelinghuysen. 
 
 New York, J^^'ovember 25lh, 1844. 
 
 Gektlemen: — I sincerely regret that my duties in the University will not allow 
 me to meet you, agreeably to your kind invitation, at the Sabbath Convention, to be 
 held at Baltimore on Wednesday next. I hope for great blessings to follow this 
 movement in behalf of the Sabbath day; and my earnest prayer to God is, that His 
 Spirit may be present with you, and guide all your deliberations to the happiest re- 
 sults. He has written the solemn truth on the whole line of his Providence, as well 
 as on the pages of his word, that the people who despise his Sabbaths must suffer his 
 frowns. May we be enabled to bring tlie claims of this holy day of mercy and privi- 
 lege near to the consideration and earnest regard of our fellow citizens. When they 
 shall esteem it a delight and honorable, then may we hope for prosperity in larger 
 measures than ever before. 
 
 With great respect, yours, 
 
 THEO. FRELINGHUYSEN. 
 
 JMcssrs. Alex. M. Carter, C. W. Ridgely, and W. G. Baker, Committee, &c. 
 
 7th. From gentlemen of Bangor, Maine. 
 
 Bangor, J\"ovemher 20th, 1844. 
 To the Commillee of Corresponcknce of the Ballimore Sabbath ^Association : 
 Gentlemen, — 
 
 It is a matter of very great interest with us that arrangements have been made for 
 a general Sabbath Convention in your city. We are glad to see the arrangements 
 made on a broad scale. Our hope is that the mind and heart of the nation will be 
 there ; and that the greatest good will be done. We will anticipate the meetino- of 
 the Convention, and follow it, with our prayers. 
 
 We are in the midst of Sabbath breaking, which, if not all of it the most gross, is 
 sufficiently distressing. We have Sabbath mails every week, an open Post Office, and 
 an open Reading or News-room. Tiiese things, together with such profanation of 
 the Sabbath as they invariably carry along with them, and such other scenes of it as 
 are wont to appear in cities, and sea ports, give us painful proof that men have yet 
 to learn the fear of the Lord. 
 
 In relation to this whole matter will j'ou allow us to make one suggestion. The 
 matter of it lies with great weight on our minds; and if we shall find, in the sequel 
 of your Convention, that it lies with equal or with greater weight on yours, we shall 
 rejoice the more. 
 
 2 
 
18 
 
 Willi all others we believe that the Sabbath was made for man— for his henejit. It 
 promotes, and was designed to promote, liis temporal comfort and welfare.'' Let it be 
 sanctified, — and business will be more productive, health will be better secured, per- 
 sonal cultivation will be more largely promoted, dortiestie welfare will be more sure, 
 and the joy of parents in their children more constant and abiding. The profanation 
 of the Sabbath we believe to be pregnant with all manner of evils. It produces a 
 kind of Pandora-infection, that poisons all the interests of society and of the family. 
 There are recorded facts, (sufficient to convince any candid man — even the most 
 worldly,) which show that the Sabbiith is indispensable to his comfort, and to his 
 highest success in business pursuits. In these facts we see a powerful motive to the 
 due observance of the day. It is a motive that should be held up to view by the 
 friends of the Sabbath and of man. 
 
 But there is another motive, that is entitled to be held before it, and above it. And 
 here we come to the sucrgostion we wish to make. Repeatedly have we been made 
 anxious, lest this motive emanating fiom the secular benefits of the Sabbath should 
 be made too prominent, to the neglect of one infinitely more weighty. Alas the 
 day! we are ready to e.tclaiin, when the uill of God shall cease to be the first, the 
 great, the decisive motive in this whole matter. Let that day come, and what will 
 follow ? We will suppose your great concourse of men in Baltimore an example of 
 what will follow. They assemble ; and the question before them is the rest of the 
 Sabbatli. From careful statistical tables they find that it will be to their advantage 
 to suspend labor on that day. They vote, therefore, and with great unanimity, that 
 they will suspend accordingly. The motive that decides them is not the icill of God, 
 but pecuniary profit. Reverse now ihe showing of the tables, and the Convention is 
 ready, with equal unanimity, to vote not to suspend. Who, then, is the God they 
 obey, — Jehovah, or Mammon? 
 
 Let it be so that tlie ivill of God shall hold us, — that it siiall hold us as steadfastly, 
 without the pecuniary profit as iciih it, and then there will be hope in our case. Shall 
 we obey liim simply because he pays us for it, or because right, and consequent duty 
 require il of us? 
 
 Yours, in a common faith and fellowship, 
 
 JOHN MALTBY, Pastor Ham'd street Church, 
 
 JKREMIAH CHAPLIN, Pastor First Baptist Church, 
 
 JOHN WEST, Rector St. John's Church, 
 
 S. L. POMROY, Pastor of First Congregational Church, 
 
 JOHN HOBART, Pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 
 ARTHUR CAVERNO, Pastor of the F. B. Church, 
 
 EiVOCIi POND, Professor in the Theological Seminary, 
 
 GEO. SIIEPARD, 
 
 DANIEL TALCOTT SMITH, Prof in the Theo. Seminary, 
 
 ROBERT PAGE, Acting Pastor of the Congreg. Church, 
 
 Old Town, 
 NATHAN DOLE, Pastor First Congreg. Church, Brewer, 
 
 At the suggestion of the Rev. Dr. Ethvards, an invUalion was 
 given by the Cliair to such members of the Convention as were in 
 possession of interesting facts having a bearing on tlie state of 
 Sabbath observance in tlieir respective neighborhoods, briefly to 
 state them. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Boughton, of Ccntrevillc, New Yoik, said that he had been delegated 
 from a most afflicted portion of the country, viz: iLe vaUey of the Mohawk river. 
 
 p 
 
19 
 
 Af.iicjtert it vras and injured by tlie desecration of the Lord's day upon tiie canals and 
 rail roads which passed Ihrouirh that dcliglitful valley. After dvvellino^ some time on 
 'die injurious effects of this evil on the moral state of the community there, he stated 
 it as a milig-ating circumstance that the Albany and Utica Rail Road Company ap- 
 peared of late to be more favorable to a Sabbath reform upon their line than formerly. 
 They had addressed a memorial to the Postmaster General praying for a suspension 
 of the Sabbath transmission of the mail on that route. The answer received was 
 that on tiiat point it was for the people residing in the valley to decide, as the Depart- 
 ment would conform its action to their wisiies. Many of the passenger trains had 
 been wiliidrawn ; and the passage of the mail also v;ou!d cease as soon as the public 
 expressed their will. Here then the responsibility was thrown upon the people ; and 
 on them alone. Their Government was ready to carry out their wishes. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Stillman desired to submit a few facts in relation to the State of New 
 York. Tiie great chain of rail road commencing at Boston and terminating at Buf- 
 falo consisted of eight distinct links, owned and controlled by as many distinct incor- 
 porated companies, each having a Board of Directors. With many of these gentle- 
 men Mr. S. had had much conversation. They informed him that they had received 
 and read with much interest the circular letter addressed by the Sabbath Association 
 of Saratoga to the proprietors of rail roads in the State of New York. They ac- 
 knowledged the truth of the doctrine there set forth, and felt the force of the rebuke 
 and remonstrance which accompanied it. They looked, too, witii earnest expecta- 
 tion to the results of the present Convention. Many consultations had been held 
 among them. They were all under a mail contract with the Government, which 
 would not expire till July next; and they looked forward with anxiety to that period 
 when they hoped that tiie new contracts would bind them to transport the mail on 
 six days only. Many of them, as worldlv-wise men, made a careful calculation as to 
 the results of the present arrangement upon their interest, and the books of the com- 
 pany shewed, by figures which could not lie, that their cars ran at a loss on the Sab- 
 bath day. The Directors might be seen visiting the depots and looking narrowly at 
 the appearance of the Sunday travellers, and their testimony was tiiat it is not the 
 respectable portion of the community who indulge in this violation of the divine 
 law. The Piesident of one of the companies professed himself personally as willinof 
 to travel on the Sabbath as on any other day of the week, but observed tliat now-a 
 days he saw none but loafers in the cars on that day : formerly it was not so. Men 
 of business v/ere once very commonly found in our public vehicles on the Lord's day, 
 but now, as a general thing, they were ashamed to be seen there. This great and 
 salutary change had been wrought by public sentiment. 
 
 Mr. S. observed, with much satisfaction, that there was one decided and honorable 
 exception to this wide-spread violation of the fourth commandment, and that was in 
 the case of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. This company kept the Sabbath day ; 
 and he had no hesitation in saying that in every step they took they were eminently 
 prosperous. God was smiling on that company. I'heir stock, which at one time 
 was so depressed as to be the mere foot-ball of Wall street, was now so raised in 
 reputation and held to be on so stable a basis, that it was hard to be obtained. A 
 man must be of respectable, he had almost said of religions character, before he could 
 be permitted to buy into the concern. Here was a gratifying and instructive proof 
 held out to every worldly-wise man that " in tlie keeping of God's commandment 
 there is" truly " a great reward." 
 
 The proprietors of the rail roads in New York, would look with interest to the 
 doings of this body, and the documents put forth by the Convention would be seized 
 on with avidity. For, many minds began now to be convinced that the stability of 
 our civil, as well as religious institutions, was deeply connected with a right observ- 
 
20 
 
 ance of the Sabbath day. Manj refliictin* men had become convinced that ou' 
 country was incurring the curse of heaven by its open profanation of God's day, and 
 that tlie only way to stay his merited judgment was by a general awakening to riglite-* 
 ousness among our people. 
 
 On our Western lakes there was a vast and increasing amount of business done. 
 Not less than seventy steamboats plied on tiiose waters to tlie west of Buffalo. One 
 step has this season been taken toward the better observance of the Sabbath. On 
 the line from Buffalo to Chicago no boat was now suffered to run on that day, and 
 the change had been universally approved ; not an instance had been heard of in 
 which a grumbler opened his mouth against it. fie had no doubt that the history of 
 eighteen hundred and forty-five would shew the salutary results of this reform. He 
 was privy to the fact that in one company, day after day had been spent in consulta- 
 tion to ascertain if they could not avoid the alleged necessity of running their boats 
 on the Lord's day. He had himself been invited to assist in their deliberations. The 
 trouble w.as that tliey could not so shape their business that the regularity of their 
 lines should not be broken up by taking off their boats on the Sabbath. To his 
 mind, indeed, these difficulties were all imaginary,' and he doubted not that if these 
 embarrassed gentlemen would once come up to the mark and boldly adopt the prin- 
 ciple of total abstinence, they would soon come to the same conclusion. To our 
 shame here at the North he could state that in Georgia not a car travelled on the 
 Lord's day on the whole length of their great rail road to the West. And in St. 
 Louis, a place regarded by manj' as notoriously ungodly, no boat wa.s suflfered to load 
 or unload on the day of God. Such facts migiit well call up the blush on the cheeks 
 of many in the Northern and Eastern States. 
 
 Dr. Edwards staled some facts as to the Sabbath travelling in New England. Two 
 mails left Boston on the Sabbath and proceeded as far west as Worcester : there the 
 railroad travel sto{)ped. On the great northern thoroughfare, toward Portland, 
 nothing moved for one hundred and sixty miles. Through those mighty chasms the 
 mountains had been made a plain, and crooked things had been made straight, that the 
 glory of the Lord migiit be revealed, and all flesh might see it togeliier. Then there 
 was a mail to Portsmouth, forty miles, and there it stopped. In Portland there was 
 no Sabbath mail. And he would ask if the bankers and merchants of Portland could 
 successfully pursue their extensive business without a Sunday mail, could not the 
 merchants and the bankers of Boston, of Philadelphia, and of Baltimore, do the 
 same ? What had christian merchants to do with the state of the market, with money, 
 letters, and with stocks, upon the day of the Lord ? He knew one, that had not 
 gone or sent to the post office for twenty years, and yet his affiiirs were in a prosper- 
 ous condition, — on one Sabbath, ho>vever, there occurred a sudden emergency. On 
 Saturday night news reached him, that a large amount of properly had suddenly 
 been placed in jeopardy, and his agent wrote tor immediate instructions as to what 
 was to be done to save it. The merchant wrote his letter of instructions, and on 
 Sabbath morning was on his way to drop it in the post office. As he went alonor, he 
 said to himself, " This is a new thing for mc : am I not acting in violation of a great 
 principle which I have laid down for my own government, and from which I have 
 never departed? is it well to goon, or had I not better stop?" — He stopped: but 
 then the thought came, "but this is a special case — a case of necessity ;" and ho 
 started forward again. But conscience once more whispered, " this is very different 
 from your uniform custom — is it right?" He hesitated no more but tore up the let- 
 ter, and returned home; resolving to leave his property to the care of divine Provi- 
 dence. The next week there arrived another letter from his agent, apprising him of 
 a great change in the circumstances ; and it now appeared, that had the letter ho 
 wrote gone forward by the Sumlay's mail, he should have lost all the property. U\a 
 
21 
 
 conclusion from the whole- case was, that for tlie rest of his daj's he would stick to u 
 .good principle, and leave results with God. 
 
 This, he rejoiced to believe, was becoming the conclusion with a good many, not 
 ■only among the great and the rich, but also among the people of moderate circum- 
 stances, and especially among the laboring men, more immediately affected by the 
 Jiabitual violation of the Lord's day. They felt degraded in their own eyes. — So 
 did Sabbath travellers. This was a great thing. By degrading a man in his own 
 sight, you did any man an immense injury : you unmanned him. Men who rightly 
 reflected on this would not consent to do it. Dr. E., on this subject, stated a case, in 
 which an engineer was offered very liberal wages if he would engage to take charge 
 of a-car which moved onl}' forty miles on the Sabbath. He was a poor man ; the 
 offer was a tempting one ; and he hesitated : and finally told the proprietor that he 
 would think of it. Like a prudent man he v;ent to consult with his pious christian 
 wife on the matter. He told her of the offer which had been made him. " Well,'i 
 said she, " I take it for granted you don't expect to go." See the implicit confidence 
 of this good woman in her husband, that he would not break God's holy day. (Dr. 
 E. said, he Iwped every wife present would think as well of her husband, and with 
 as good reason.) The husband replied, " These were hard times : he had no other 
 business: and Ire feared that, if he refused, the Board would turn him out." "Well," 
 ■said his wife, " I hope you will not forget, that if a poor man cannot support his 
 family by keeping the Sabbath, he certainly cannot by breaking it." — A sentence that 
 was worthy to be written in gold, and which would be remembered and admired long 
 after the humble christian that uttered it, should be low in the ground. . She added, 
 " wkoever works against the commands of God, works against the Providence of 
 Crod.]' Her Ivasband replied, " I am gladyou-think so, and it is important we should 
 think alike in ihe matter." He went immediately to the superintendent who had 
 spoken to him, and observed to him that the company had aJways treated him well ; 
 that he liked his place ; that he should be sorry to lose it, because he had a family 
 who depended on his wages for subsistence : but that he could not consent to run the 
 car upon the Sabbath day." The man immediately replied, that if it was a matter 
 of conscience with him, he should not press it; — that was the key to the whole case. 
 If a poor man pleaded, that a certain requisition was against liis conscience, (and his 
 conduct did not contradict his words,) there was not an honest or honorable man who 
 would urge him to break it. Dr. E. went into the same neighborhood, years after, 
 and the man came to him to tell how Providence had blessed him ; he said that .he 
 Jiad received from other quarters more money than the company had offered him for 
 running on the Sabbath, and he greatly rejoiced in the change of prospects as to his 
 <;hildren. Dr. E. here took occasiqn to observe generally, that if a man wanted to 
 ruin a family of children, one of the readiest and surest wa3'S' of accomplishing the 
 oliject was, to set the parents to work on the Sabbath. More thaji four times the 
 number of criminals, the children of such parents, were constantly in our State 
 prisons, than of such as had been trained regularly to attend the house of God. The 
 example set by christians in this matter, was of the highest importance. A minister 
 of the gospel was once tra,velliug on board a steam boat, in Ohio, on the Sabbath 
 morning, ou his way to a,ttend a meeting of the General Assembly, and asked of the 
 captain of the boat whether he did not think of ceasing to run bis boat on the Lord's- 
 day? He said that he intended to do so. "But when?" inquired the preacher. 
 " When ministers of tiie gospel and members of the church cease to travel on that 
 day," was the pithy and cutting reply. Yes, and Dr. E. doubted not it was true, 
 ihatnot a steam boat or rail car would move upon the Sabbath day, if no good man 
 would consent to travel in it. ' ■ 
 
 As to the danger from rival lines of travel, he wished a company* who gave this a«? 
 
22 
 
 a reason why they did not stop their trains on the Sahhath, to make the experiment. 
 They would soon find travelers inquiring which was the Sabbath keeping line; for 
 men wouW be afraid to trust themselves with these who openly set the law of God at 
 defiance. A very thorough inquiry had been set on foot by the Parliament of Great 
 Britain into the causes of steamboat explosions, and the resuH was, that they arose, in 
 a great part, from the want of a practical conviction of moral responsibility in the 
 men who jiad the manag-enient. Sabbath-goiug rail roads had a powerful tendency 
 to destroy this sense of responsibility, and thereby they largely increased the danger 
 of life on every rail road in the country. 
 
 Dr. E. related another case of peculiar interest. A man was once travelling in a 
 steamboat passing up tiie Mississi|)pi ; when Saturday night came he asked the Cnjilaii^. 
 whether he was not going to slop? The reply was very promptly sriven in the nega- 
 tive. Then, said the traveler, I wi.sh you to put me on shore, as 1 never travel on 
 the Sabbath day. The captain said he would not do it :" and besides," added he, 
 " the Rev. Mr. such-a-one, (and Dr. E. said if he should give the name it would b& 
 well known in Baltimore,) did not stop on the Sabbath ; he gave ua a sermon, and if 
 you will go on you will hear a sermon to-morrow ," (for it seemed in the judgment 
 of this captain, if not of hjs clerical travelers, that a sermon was sufRcv&nt to sanctify 
 Sabbath breaking.) " Well," replied the traveler, " you have mentioned the name 
 of this man to induce me to break the Sabbath ; I am determined you never shall 
 use mine so." " But there is no plaoe to land j'ou at but a little shanty tavern, and 
 it is quite uncertain when another boat will take you off." The man however was- 
 firm, and was according to his desire set on shore. He found a small and very mean 
 tavern, filled with a company of rude looking men carousing. When they saw their 
 new visiter, and learned that he was landed because he would not travel on the Sab- 
 bath, they said to each other, " this is a minister : he stops here because he will not 
 break the Sabbath ; no doubt be is a good man." How natural the conclusion ! Dr. 
 E. said here, that it was one capital trait >n the character of the people of thp West, 
 that they respected a man who was ready to act out his p-rinciples, be they whati 
 tliey might. " As this is a preacher, what if we should have a meeting here to-mor- 
 row.' dare say the man can preach well." So the thing was agreed on ; and they 
 forthwith sent runners to the few shantees around ; the people gathered, and the man,, 
 (who was, as they supposed, a minister,) preached in a grog shop, and to a most atten- 
 tive audience. The people thanked him, and expressed much satisfaction at his com- 
 plying with their wishes. The observance of the Sabbath, Dr. E. observed, com- 
 mended itself to the human conscience. It was made for the conscience, as liglit was- 
 created for man's eye, air for his lungs, food for his hunger, or cold v/ater to quench his 
 thirst. The spokesman of the little company then sjiid that they had often heard about 
 temperance lectures, and if he knew how to make a temperance lecture they should 
 like to hear it. TJie minister consented, and gave them a short history of temperance 
 reformation in the United States, and of the vast amount of good which it had eflect- 
 ed. One of them observed that " it would be a profitai)le thing Ibrthem." At their 
 request he drew up accordingly, the constitution of a Temperance Society. This- 
 closed the labors of the Sabbath. He went to rest with an approving conscience ; and 
 early on the next morning one of the first sounds that s;iluted his ears was the puffing 
 of a large steamboat passing up the river ; he was taken on board, and before reach- 
 ing St. Louis, he overtook the boat he had left, and reached his journey's end as soon, 
 if not sooner than if he had violated his conscience and the Loid's day by continuing 
 on board. Dr. E. said that while traveling in a Westwn rail car he related these facts- 
 to the company, when a gentleman who was present observed tliat he knew the ver^- 
 man who kept the grog shop in question ; that he was well acipiainted with the placo„ 
 .having himself laid out tlic town, ajid there had, to bo sure, occuried a most woa- 
 
23 
 
 derful clianjfe in the character of liic settlement. The man who formerly sold more 
 liquor there llian all the other rumselicrs, whose father and brother had died confirmed 
 drunkards, was now the President of a Temperance Society, and the use of liquor 
 was banisiied from tiie place. So much for one man's resolutely doing his duty. 
 
 Interesting addresses were also made by Rev. Messrs. Hender- 
 son, Bokuni and Powell, of Pa., and Chas. Parker, Esq., of N. Y. 
 'JMie Convention adjourned tdl to-morrow 9 oVilock. 
 
 Thursday mo!INI]s&, 9 o''clock. 
 
 Convention met. Prayer was oCfered by the Rev. Bishop Waugh. 
 The following Resolutions were reported from the Business Com- 
 mittee and adopted without debate. 
 
 VIII. Resolved^ That public men who are raised, by the suffrages 
 of a free people, to places of othcial dignity and power, arc laid 
 under peculiar obligations to set an example with regard to the 
 Lord's day which shall be safe, and salutary to their fellow men, 
 and which shall tend to render the due observance of that day 
 universal. 
 
 IX. Resolved^ That as but six days in a week have been made, 
 or given to men for secular business, they have no right to take any 
 more for that purpose — no more belong to them, and if men take 
 more they take that which is not theirs. And though it may some- 
 times promise some temporary good, it will not be likely to end 
 well ; for the Sabbatical law was engraven not only on the tables 
 of stone, but on the bodies and souls of meii, and is armed with a 
 penalty which no continued violator of it can either annul or evade. 
 
 X. Resolved, That bodies of men, by being incorporated for pri- 
 vate or public objects, have no more right to desecrate the Sabbath 
 than individuals; and that the members of such bodies are as really 
 bound to observe it, in their public and official acts, as tiiey are in 
 their individual and private transactions among their fellow-men. 
 
 XI. Resolved, That we recognize with peculiar satisfaction the 
 repeated instances in which bodies of men in their official capacity, 
 have of late manifested their regard for the Lord's day, and their 
 disposition to assist those whom they employ, in availing themselves 
 of the rest and the privileges which that day was designed to 
 affoid. 
 
 XII. Resolved, That the Sabbath is peculiarly the friend of the 
 laborer, and comes as an angel of mercy to give him rest from his 
 toils, to point him upwards, and lielp him to rise in anticipation of 
 and pre[)aration for " that rest, which remaineth for the people 
 of God." 
 
 XIII. Resolved, That it is not only the privilege, but the right 
 of the laborer to rest on the Sabbath, and a right of which he can- 
 not be deprived without great evil to himself, to his family and to 
 his fellow-men. 
 
 The fourteenth Resolution having been read as follows : 
 
 XIV. Resolved, That, as it is proved by facts that on the whole 
 more labor can be performed by working six days in a week and 
 resting one, than can be performed by working seven, and that it 
 can be done in a better manner, the pecuniary interests of men, no 
 
24 
 
 less really than their moral duties, urge them to respect that law of 
 their nature, and of nature's God, which requires a day of weekly 
 rest, and ol" devout acknowledg-ment of him, as the Maker, Re- 
 deemer and Governor of the world. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Powell said he would state one or two facts, going to confirm the doc- 
 trine of tlie Resolution, that more labor could be done, and belter done, in six days, 
 with one day of rest supervening, tlian by continual labor throughout the seven days. 
 Mr. P. here related liie testimony of a man at Marietta, who was employed in miming 
 a si.\-day boat, (as it was called,) and who declared, that notwithstanding his men 
 all rested on the Lord's day, his boat reached its destination as early as his competi- 
 tors, who worked all the week. At Columbus, similar and even stronger testimony 
 was given by a man, who, not only got in as early, but actually earlier, than the 
 Sabbath-breaking boats on the same line. 
 
 Dr. A. Campbell urging brevity : — 
 
 Mr. P. observed, tiiat every body was not as well satisfied of the truth of the posi- 
 tion taken in the Resolution, as that reverend gentleman, and therefore lie would ask 
 leave to state one fact more. Mr. Nye, a drover of Dayton, Ohio, stated, that he 
 had been .engaged in driving sheep to Baltimore On one occasion he met his neigh- 
 bors, who were similarly employed, returning home with their flocks before them, 
 who all advised liim to do the same, for if he went on he would lose money by the 
 journey : prices weie down, and he could not sell. Mr. Nye, however, concluded to 
 proceed. He had regularly rested on the way every "Sabbath : when he saw the 
 butchers, they inquired where he was from : and on being told he came from Ohio, 
 they told him they would notbuy. He asked them, however, to come and take- a 
 look at his sheep, before they madcup their minds, which they accordingly did, .and 
 found them in so much better case than those which had traveled, without resting, all 
 the way, that they offered him a fair price ;.he readily sold his whole flock, and re- 
 turned home wit-li.a liandsome sum of money in his pocket. 
 
 Dr. Bergen of Philadelphia, stated, that in 13-26, he had been engaged in the manu- 
 facture of hollow glass ware. At that time it was the custom of all tlic glass houses, 
 to continue blowing every day of the week, and this labor continued witliout cessa- 
 tion for ten months of the year. The men were over-Worked, and the efiect upon 
 them was decisively injurious to thcir.mora1s ; yet it was decined a case of nece.ssit}'. 
 But being deej)ly impressed with tlie immorality of the practice, he had an.xiously 
 sougiit to devise a remedy ; and at lengtli discovered, that by a change in the process, 
 the necessity of going on upon tlie Sabbath could, without injury and witli great 
 case,- be avoided. He explained tliis to tlie men, and suggested tlie' expediency of 
 resting on the Sabbath day. At first they were opposed to it, apprehending a dimi- 
 nution of their wages. The question was put to the vote, and there was a tie. To 
 meet this pecuniary objection, Mf. B. proposed to tlftm a short trial of tlie new plan ; 
 they consented, and the result proved that they could do as much work, and realize 
 as much wages by resting on one day in the week, as by the former practice. All be- 
 ing fully satisfied of this, all work was thenceforward suspended on the Sabbath day. 
 Experience proved tliat tiie human fiame was'so constructed by its Maker, that tlie 
 refresliraent of sleep did not (if itself so compensate the effect of labor, as to dispense 
 witii an additional rest, fully to restore the exhaustion of the frame. There, wasj 
 lliercforc, both wisdom and benevolence in superadding the rest of tlin Subiiath day : 
 and tills explained tlic reason why brutes, as well as men, were included in the 
 requirement. Tiic experiment of some months on the new plan ascertained, not only 
 that the men could earn as much l)y keeping the Sabbath as by violating it, but 
 twenty per ccnt.'morc. Tiiis bcjng made known, other glass-works came into the plan, 
 
25 
 
 and they found, on trial, that the necessity of unintermitted labor, in order to caiiy 
 on their business, was wholly imaginary. There was no such necessity. The furnace 
 could be kept up by a single hand, and he was relieved by another, during half of the 
 twenty-four hours. The moral results were great. Glass blowers were usually 
 first entered while small boys, and were called "tenders." From that age up to 
 manhood, and so long as they continued to work, they knew, not the blessing, either 
 of education or of the Sabbath day : hence it was found, that very few of the hands 
 employed could either read or write. This led to the opening of a Sabbath school 
 attached to the works, and they all soon became scholars. This led to another, and 
 a still more important result : the men volunteered to put in complete repair an old 
 building, wliich tiiey converted into a place of worship and a Sal)bath school, and 
 thus, while their extra earnings enabled them to appear in decent clothing, they all 
 became regular worshippers at church, and in process of time, many of tlicm put up 
 humble, but comfortable cottages of their own. As for the proprietors, the saving of 
 fuel alone, which resulted from suspending work on the Sabbath, proved to them an 
 ample compensation for what might be considered by some, as a sacrifice. But their 
 best and noblest recompense was, the beholding of the great and happy change which 
 had passed on the condition and character of ci large body of their fellow creatures, 
 dependent upon them for daily bread. Before, their working hands had been the 
 worst of slaves,' now, they were among the happiest and most contented of free- 
 men. He wished that every glass establishment throughout the country would follow 
 the example : avarice alone could induce any proprietors to insist on working their 
 hands without intermission : but in this case, 'avarice, if it continued thus to insist, 
 would defeat its own aim and insure its own punishment. 
 
 The question being now put, the 14th Resolution was adoJDted. 
 
 The 15th Resolution was read and adopted. 
 
 XV: . Resolved,. That as the dissemination of a knowledge of 
 principles and facts, with regard to the Sabbath, is one of the most 
 powerful means of securing its observance, it is recommended to 
 all to supply themselves with interesting publications on this sub- 
 ject, and to circulate them in all suitable ways, as extensively as 
 possible. 
 
 The 16th, 17tb, 18th and 19th Resolutions were read, and 
 adopted without debate. 
 
 XVI. Resolved, That should every family obtain some good 
 Sabbath ISIanual, that all the children and youth may understand 
 the object of the divine Being in. the appointment of the Sabbath, 
 and the leasons why all should observe it, they would, it is- believed, 
 greatly "promote, not only their own interest, but all the great inter- 
 ests of mankind. 
 
 XVII. Resolved, That the efforts that are made by ship owners, 
 merchants and others, to give the rest and privileges of the Lord's 
 day to seamen, must tend to elevate their character, increase their 
 usefulness, and promote the good of all. 
 
 XVin. Resolved, That the connection between the desecration 
 of the Sabhath, and the use, as a beverage, of intoxicating liquors, 
 and the traffic in them for that purpose, and the aid which each 
 affords in the promotion of the other, should lead the friends of 
 temperance, as well as of the Sabbath, to- persevere in judicious 
 eflbrts to cause each of these evils to be done away. 
 
2G 
 
 XIX. Resolved^ T)iat in the following sentiments, expressed by 
 the New York State Sabbath Convention, to the Directors of rail 
 roads who run their cars on the Sabbatii da\-, we cordially concur, 
 and commend them to the consideration of all such persons throuu,h- 
 out the United States : 
 
 To the Dircrlors of Rail Rnaih. 
 
 Gentlemen : — The position which you oocuj)/ gives you peculiar 
 facilities for exerting great and extensive influence among men. All 
 classes, and especially the young, must be deejdy affected by the course 
 which you take with regard to the running of ears on the Sabbath. It 
 is on this account that we take the liberty to address you, and respect- 
 fully request your atlention to a ^gw considerations with regard to diis 
 subject. 
 
 In a free country, where all classes of citizens enjoy the blessings of 
 social, civil and religious liberty ; where no standing armies support the 
 government or give efficacy to law, it is of the highest importance that 
 moral principle shoula be universal, and its salutary influences be felt by 
 ail classes of people. In order to this, they must understand and re- 
 spect the laws of God, especially with regard to those great funtlamen- 
 tal institutions which were " ??zf«/e ybr /non," and the observance of 
 which is essential to the welfare of civil society. One of these institu- 
 tions is that of the Sabbath. 
 
 This institution, established at the creation, was designed to keep alive 
 the knowledge and worship of Jehovah, and thus to give efficacy to his 
 moral government among men. Withoiit this, that knowledge and vir- 
 tue which are essential to the purity and permanence of free institutions 
 cannot exist. And whether we, as a people, shall be successful in per- 
 petuating our institutions, will depend, in no small degree, upon the 
 fact, whether we shall or shall not regard the Christian Sabbatii. And 
 this will be deeply affected by the course which shall be pursued, with 
 regard to the running of rail-cars and other public vehicles on that 
 day. 
 
 The fathers of our country, wdio were honored as the instruments of 
 establishingour institutions, were men who love J the Sabbath, and who 
 regarded its observance as one of the btdwarks of national freedom. 
 And to this we owe no small part of the blessings which we enjciy. And 
 since those, through whose sacrifices and labors we have received them, 
 liave gone to tbeir rest, patriotism, no less than piety, requires tiiat we 
 should, iti thia, imitate their example. 
 
 Among the reasons whv tlie running of rail cars, as well as odier 
 kinds of secular business should be confined to six days, are die follow- 
 ing, viz. : 
 
 I. It is manifestly die will of God, that all men should observe the 
 Sabbath. And as they are dependent on him for the blessings which 
 
27 
 
 llicv enjoy, ihe'w inleresf, as well r.s their tluty, require? that they shouIJ 
 doll. 
 
 II. As but six clays in the week have been made for secular business, 
 ami no more have ever been given to men for dual purpose, diey have 
 no right to any more. Only six days belong to men for secular busi- 
 ness, and to take more for that purpose is not honest. 
 
 III. To employ seven days in a week in secular business is a viola- 
 tion, not only of a law whicli was written by Jehovah on a table of 
 stone, but of a law which he has impressed upon the ncilnre of both 
 man and beast. That law requires, that those that have been employed 
 six days in a week should rest on the seventh : if they do not, they 
 impair their health, diminish their strength, and shorten their lives, 
 
 IV. Men who labor seven days in a week, are more reckless of pro- 
 perty, character and life, tiian those who labor but six, and enjoy the 
 rest and privileges of the Sabbath. They are more exposed to disas- 
 ters and crimes. The consequence is, travellers are more exposed to 
 the loss of j)roperty and life on Sabbath-breaking rail roads, than they 
 need be ; and more exposed than they would be, should the running 
 be confined to six days, and all concerned be permitted to enjoy the rest 
 and privileges of the Sabbath. 
 
 V. The running of the cars on the Sabbath is a violation of the rights 
 of the people. They have a right not only to keep the Sabbath, but to 
 be undisturbed by others. The running of the cars through villages, 
 and by places of public worship, and often in time of service, is a gross 
 violation of the rights of the citizens to the stillness and quiet of that 
 day. 
 
 VI. The running of the cars on the Sabbath is wholly unnecessary. 
 All the secular business which it is needful or proper, for men to per- 
 form,. can be accomplished in six days. And there is no good reason 
 ■why the cars should run on the Sabbath. On more than 700 miles of 
 our rail roads, they are confined to six days in the week. Many of 
 them are among the greatest thoroughfares, on which the most business 
 is done, and, it is hardly necessary to add, are among the most profita- 
 ble in the country. And on some, which have continued to desecrate the 
 Sabbath, it manifestly woidd have been more profitable, in a pecuniary 
 point of view, if they had not done it. 
 
 On one of the Slate roads in a neighboring State, they carried on the 
 Sabbath, upon an average, 56^ passengers during the season. To this 
 they employed 68 men, 18 horses, and 14 steam engines ; and at an 
 expense to the State, of $3,613,75 ; being $1,477,00 more than the in- 
 come ; and when all the income would have been obtained during the 
 week, had they not run on the Sabbath, and thus $3,613,75 saved to the 
 State; a sum sutKrient to pay the annual interest on $72,000 of the 
 State debt. 
 
28 
 
 VII. By running the cars on the Sabbath, you tempt others to dese- 
 crate that (hiy, and aid and alict them in doing it. — This excr;s a highly 
 deleterious influence, especially upon the young, ahd in numerous ways 
 is detrimental to all the great interests of our country. 
 
 You also deprive those whom you em[)loy of the rest and the privi- 
 leges of the holy Sabbath. You prevent their attendance on tlie preach- 
 ing of the gospel, and other means of grace which God has provided ; 
 and thus exert an influence which tends to prevent their preparation for 
 heaven. 
 
 VIII. Increasing numbers of all classes, who, in the light of princi- 
 ples and facts, examine this subject, are becoming increasingly desirous 
 that the running of the cars on the Sabbath should cease. And we can- 
 not but hope, that you, gentlemen, at no distant lime, will come to the 
 conclusion, that the highest interests of all will be promoted by throw- 
 ing the whole weight of your influence on the side of Sabbath obser- 
 vance ; and that, by so doing, you may become eminently benefactors 
 of our country and the world. 
 
 Do you say, "we are common carriers; and, as some men. wish to 
 travel on the Sabbath, we must run our cars to accommodate them?". 
 Why must you run your cars to accommodate them ? Do the laws of 
 God, or the laws of the State, require it? No, they both forbid it. 
 Why then must )-ou do it? 
 
 Suppose the same men should wish to violate the laws human and 
 Divine, in other ways, would you be obliged, because you are common 
 carriers, to aid and abet them in doing it? Does not the fact that men 
 are placed in public stations, and are thus cliarged with special respon- 
 sibilities, lay them under special obligations to exert the iniluence 
 which that gives them, npt for the injury but for the benefit of them^ 
 selves and tlieir children. "Train up- a child," saith infinite wisdom, 
 "in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from 
 it." In scarcely anything is tliis more true. or important, than with re- 
 gjird to the Christian Sabbath. The history of the last thirty years 
 gives abundant evidence, that for parents to continue, by business, open- 
 ly to desecrate the Sabbath, exerts a highly deleterious influence on their 
 cliildren. Facts speak on this subject as with a voice-of thunder, and 
 eclio the dc(;laration, " Six days sliall thou labor and do all thy work ; 
 but remember the Sabbath day. and keep it holy. In it thou shalt not do 
 any work ; thou nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor tliy man servant, 
 nor-lhy maid servant, nor thy cattle.?' Men who have continued open- 
 ly to violate the Sabbath by ihe prosecution of worldly business on that 
 day, have in so many cases been visited in their persons, estates or fami- 
 lies with calamities, that all benevolent minds must desire that none 
 should follow tlieir example lest they should be partakers of their 
 plagues. 
 
29 
 
 On the other hand, those who, while diligent in business during the 
 six days, have conscienlioiisly and regularly kept the Sabbath, and gone 
 with their children to the house of God, have in so many cases been 
 visited with blessings, which have gone down to their children and chil- 
 dren's children, that all benevolent minds must desire that such blessings 
 may become universal. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Edwards now read tlie draft of an address in the name 
 of the Convention to Canal Commissioners throughout the Union. 
 
 In reporting this document the Rev. gentleman accompanied it 
 with some statements in reference to tlie suppression by the Post- 
 master General of a number of small mail routes, on which the 
 Department had allowed in some cases a third and in others as 
 much as half of the whole amount allowed the contractors, simply 
 for carrying the mail upon the Sabbath. By this operation '^60,000 
 a year had been saved to the Government. It was not (he was 
 authorized to say) the personal wish of the gentleman now at the 
 head of this Department that the mail should be transmitted on 
 Sabbath on any route : he was governed in this matter by the ex- 
 pression of public opinion: and whenever the people signitied such 
 to be their will, he was ready to carry it into immediate effect. It 
 was a fact well worthy of remark in this connexion that aganist the 
 act of the government in this suppression not a human being had 
 opened his mouth. It met with universal acquiescence and at least 
 tacit approval. (It ought to be understood that there existed no law 
 requiring the mail to be carried on the Sabbath : it was merely a 
 regulation of the Department.) 
 
 To Canal Commissioners and others who are instnimental in opening 
 the locks, and performing other ojficial or secular business on 
 Canals, on the Lord's day. 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 Among the numerous manifestations of wisdom and goodness, which 
 the Divine Being has made, to the human family, is his arrano-ement, 
 after six days of labor and attention to secular concerns, for one day of 
 rest, and of special devotion to the worship of God and the promotion 
 of the spiritual good of men. And so important in his own estimation 
 was this arrangement, that he evidently Iiad his eye upon it in the 
 creation of the world and in the Sabbath which he observed at the close 
 of that work, when the morning stars sang together and all the sons of 
 God shouted for joy. Tliis arrangement was evidently " made for 
 man," and an intelligent and conscientious regard to it, has in all ao-es 
 been found to be essential to his highest good. The rest which it con- 
 templates is required by his physical system; and the moral influence 
 which it imparts is no less needful to the health of his soul. These 
 truths, revealed with great clearness in the scriptures, and abundantly 
 illustrated in the course of divine Providence, are receiving extensively 
 
30 
 
 incrnasing altenlion, and a consideration of their high importance is ex- 
 tending in various parts of our country. The consequence is, a decrease, 
 in many places, of the number who engage in secular business or travel- 
 ing for amusement on the Sabbath, and an increase of those wiio enjoy 
 the privileges and engage in the appropriate duties of tliat day. Ves- 
 sels and steamboats less frequently leave the harbor. The number who 
 go to the post office on the Sabbath is diminishing. On more than a 
 thousand miles of rail road the cars do not run on the Sabbatli. In 
 many cases the mails are not transported, and the locks on canals are 
 not opened. And in various kinds of business, in which it has been 
 contended that it was necessary to desecrate the Sabbath, it has been 
 found by experiment that sucli business can be carried on to even better 
 advantage by being confined to six days in a v;eek. Anil we have a 
 settled and strong conviction, that if this should be the case with all 
 kinds of business, the highest aiid best interests of all concerned would 
 be promoted. Nor do we see any good reasons why this should not be 
 the case; nor why the by.siness on our canals should be, as it sometimes 
 hasbecn, an exception. Tiiat large and interesting class of our fellow citi- 
 zens, who are called to labor on our inland waters, need, physically and 
 morally, as much as others, the rest and the privileges of the Sabbath; 
 they have an equal interest in them and an equal right to enjoy them. 
 Many of them ardently desire to enjoy these blessings, and in one State 
 more than 1,200 captains of canal boats united in a petition to the Caual 
 Commissioners not to open the locks, or require their agent to perform 
 official business on that day. This wosild prevent owners of boats and 
 goods from urging those who are employed to desecrate the Sabbath, 
 and would greatly lessen their temptation to do it. It would remove 
 llie official sanction which by the opening of the locks is given to that 
 vice, and relieve the public agents from the guilt of aiding and abetting 
 in promoting it. The consequence would be, as it has been on those 
 canals, where the experiment has been tried, the health and the char- 
 acter o( those employed would be improved. Business would be trans- 
 acted with greater facility. Nor would the amount on the whole be 
 diminished. The Caual Committee, composed of distinguislied Sena- 
 tors, to whom the petition above referred to was committed in the State 
 of New York, after long and careful consideration of the whole subject, 
 say in their report, the boatmen who send up their petitions express 
 llicir lirm conviction tliat as much merchandise and produce could be 
 transj)orled on the canals during the season of navigation, with the ob- 
 servance of the Sabbath, as there can be by violating that day. There 
 can be no doubt, that the boatmen take a correct view of the subject. 
 Other things being equal, the Committee believe, that both man and 
 beast can perform, more labor, by resting one day in seven, than by con- 
 Btant employment every day in the week. 
 
31 
 
 " Tlie Sabbath was emphatically ' made for man ;' and, when viewed 
 in the light of poUlical economy, can never be sufficiently prized. 
 
 "It is admitted by all, that inteliii/ence and virtue constitute the only 
 sure foundation of republican institutions. If the people are intellitrent 
 and virtuous, the institutions of our country arc safe. It is believed, 
 that the Sabbath duly observed, in the repeated instructions which it 
 brings to the population of a nation — in its calling the attention of all 
 to the duty they owe to their Creator, in reminding them of their ac- 
 countability beyond the grave, and thus maintaining and invigorating 
 the conscience, lies at the foundation of our national happiness and 
 prosperity. 
 
 " It is a well-known fact, in the history of the vicious and depraved, 
 that the violation of the Sabbath is generally the first step in the series 
 of wickedness and crime, wliich led them to their final ruin. Nor is 
 there any thing mj'S'.erious in the blighting influence of Sabbath dese- 
 cration on the human character. Tlie want of that moral and religious 
 culture which the observance of the Sabbath secures, the voice of con- 
 science hushed by its repeated violations, leaves the unltappy individual 
 without any saving moral principle to warn or protect him, and, like a 
 vessel without a rudder, upon the stormy ocean, h.e is sure to wreck his 
 happiness and his character, 
 
 "Of 1232 convicts, admitted to the Auburn State Prison, previously 
 to 1838, 447 had been watermen: and of the whole number, 1232 
 only 26 had been in the habit of keeping the Sabbath. 
 
 " Of 1450, admitted to the prison previously to the year 1839, 563 
 had been watermen, and 27 only had kept the Salibath. 
 
 "Of 1053, admitted to the prison previously to the year 184(), G60 
 had been watermen ; and of 203 admitted to the prison in one year, 97 
 had been watermen, and only 2 had kept the Sabbath. 
 
 "One way to promote the religious observance of the Sabbath, is for 
 the canal officers, and all who' employ others to do business on the 
 canals, to suspend tiieir secular business, and religiou:^ly observe the 
 day themselves. liOt the distinguished classes of society set an exam- 
 ple of keeping the Sabbath, and others may be expected to follow. And 
 let employers, in no case, unnecessarily deprive those whom they em- 
 ploy of the rest and privileges which God has provided for them, and 
 the enjoyment of which would promote the mutual good of all. 
 
 " The State officers violate the laws of the State, in opening the locks 
 and transacting public business on Sunday, and the Committee believe 
 that the interests of the State, or the prosperity of individuals, can never 
 be advanced by the violation of human or divine laws. 
 
 " The policy, which seeks to gain by the violation of laws, tvhich 
 infinite wisdom and goodness have established, is selfish, short-sight- 
 ed, and defeats-its own end.'''' 
 
32 
 
 Such are the seiilunents expressed by distinguished Senators after 
 careful inquiry and patient investigation, and who had a good oppor- 
 tunity to Ijccome acquainted with the facts connected with the desecra- 
 tion of the Saljbath by the opening of locks and tlie performance of 
 official and secular business on canals. 
 
 And we have no doubt that they are equally in accordance with sound 
 philosophy and correct political economy, as they are witli good morals 
 and true religion. 
 
 And we would most respectfully and earnestly commend them to the 
 careful perusal and profound consideration of all who are thus concerned 
 in opposition to laws human and divine in such violations of the Lord's 
 day. And we cannot but hope that the time may soon come when their 
 own experience shall unite with the experience of increasing numbers 
 in all departments, in testifying that the Sabbath was indeed made for 
 man, and that in the keeping of it in accordance with the will of the 
 Lord of the Sabbath, and of those lavvs natural and moral which he has 
 established, there is truly great reward. 
 
 The address having been read, it was adopted. 
 
 Letters were then introduced and read from Rev. Dr. Green, of 
 Philadelphia, Rev. W. H. Barnwell, and others: — See Jlppendix. 
 
 William Geo. Baker, Esq., of Baltimore, was appointed an ad- 
 ditional Secretary, to aid in furnishing certificates of attendance to 
 delegates. 
 
 J. M. Atwood, Esq., from the Standing Committee, reported an 
 address to the people of the United States : 
 
 THE NATIONAL LORD'S DAY CONVENTION TO THE 
 PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The Convention of delegates assembled in Baltimore from- various 
 parts of the Union, to consult on the means of promoting a more gen- 
 eral observance of the Christian Sabbath, Avould respectfully solicit the 
 attention of their fellow-citizens to the subject of their deliberations. 
 Were an apology necessary for an appeal so wide as this address con- 
 templates, it is found in the fact that the object concerns all — whether 
 they dwell in the crowded city or the scattered hamlet; in the palaces 
 of the rich or the cottages of the poor. They believe that the results 
 of the decision wliich the nation shall maturely form as to the claims of 
 this institution will reach far onward in its liistory, and that we are 
 dealing widi the elements of the future weal or woe of the hundreds of 
 millions who arc to iidial)it this land when we and ours will be re- 
 membered only by the healthful or baneful influences we have exerted 
 upon this forming period of our career. 
 
 That our moans of safety arc as pocidiar as our perils, is an admitted 
 truism. Wc have parted with many of the prescriptive safeguards of 
 
33 
 
 clher countries. The popular ignorance, upon which the monarchies 
 of the old world have so greatly relied for safety, we deprecate as our 
 danger. The elevation of the masses in intelligence, which they fear, 
 js our hope. They are building citadels of defence from their own peo- 
 ple. We are seeking to awaken in ours a higher and higher estimate of 
 their power and their rights. Their restraints from violence are chiefly 
 external force. Ours are the love of order, the sense of justice, the 
 power of conscience and the fear of God. Such are our trusts: if they 
 fail us, all is lost. Our mistake is fatal, and there is no remedy. 
 
 It is with reference to considerations like these that we desire to fix 
 the attention of our fellow-citizens upon the Sabbath, as a moral safe- 
 guard tendered to us by our beneficent Creator for just such exigencies 
 as ours ; and, as nations are what individuals are, tendered to us as a na- 
 tion, to each of us as individuals, with all its blessed influences upon 
 the life that is, and the never-ending life to come. Were it a human 
 device, we might well fear lest evil should be miiigled with its good, 
 and could justly question its claims upon our unlimited confidence. 
 But it is a law of God — coeval with creation. It is one of the selected 
 few, tlie Ten Commandments, that brief but comprehensive expression 
 of His will. Among these it stands; and we may not say that it is 
 secondary in importance or obligation to any. For aught we know, it 
 may be the very keystone of the arch. 
 
 This siioukl be enowgli. There is no higher aanctionour reason can 
 ask or conceive. 
 
 But were tliere no such revelation, and were we compelled to trace 
 back from efl'ects to causes, so manifold are the Sabbatli's blessings, so 
 complete its adaptation to our physical, social, and moral necessities, we 
 could not fail to refer its origin to Him who made man, and who knew 
 his wants as his Creator alone could know them. That it was made 
 for man, a? man, is proved by all its bearings upon all his wants. 
 
 As a period of rest, after six days continuous toil, it is indispensable 
 to the laborer. Without this gracious interval, his health and vigor 
 prematurely decay as certainly, although not as speedily, as if debarred 
 from the refreshment of sleep ; and health and vigor are the poor man's 
 capital. The statistics, now so greatly accumulated that we cease to 
 gather them, showing the fearful waste of life in those employments 
 w^hich know no such suspension, are full of warning and instruction. 
 Sad indeed is the lot of the lal)orer without this jubilee of the week to 
 recruit his exhausted energies ; when he may wipe the sweat from his 
 brow and lift up his body and lift up his spirit, alike bowed down by 
 daily toil. 
 
 Nor is this interval of repose, as a law of our physical nature, less 
 necessary to intellectual occupations. 'I'he mind must be statedly un- 
 laden of its cares, as the body of its burdens, or a similar penalty must 
 3 
 
34 
 
 be endured. Tiie ordinary effects of systeinatii*. violations of the Lord^'s 
 day, by men of business or professional men, are less clearness of per- 
 ception and power of discrimination, and less soundness of judgment, 
 and, generally, a diminution of intellectual vigor; often followed by a 
 sudden breaking down of the over-tasked mental faculties; in other in- 
 stances the result is lunacy or self-murder. In short, moral and reli- 
 gious considerations a[)art, nothing is gained by a violation of the divine 
 command— a truth often learned too late. If a man would make the 
 most of himself in alliespects, lie will do well to remember the Sabbath 
 day to keep it holy. 
 
 But the demands of our moral and social nature for the blessings of 
 a sanctified Sabbath, are still more imperative, and take hold of higher 
 rtsults. We cannot di&pense with this pause from the pursuit of plea- 
 siire, gain or distinction ; we need it to moderate our passions, to chasten 
 our desires, to purify our motives, to elevate our aims, and to seek the 
 salvation of our souls. It is here the Sal)bath chiefly discloses the di- 
 vinity of its origin and the benevolence of its purpose. It speaks in 
 God's nam.e to the tide of worldliness — " thus far shalt thou come, but no 
 farther;" it communes with man of eternal retributions — points his 
 burdened conscience to the only Saviour, and to that heaven whose end- 
 less felicity none shall know but the pure in heart and the pure in. life. 
 In its legitimate observance, it is a season of hushed passions and of 
 tranquil enjoyment, disposing the heart to kindness and good will, — a 
 season for the affectionate instruction of the young in their duties to 
 God' and tlieir fellow beings — for the privileges of private and social' 
 worship — attendance upon the instructions of an intelligent Cliristian 
 ministry, and of devoutly reading the inspired words of truth and love 
 in the holy volume. The subjects of thought and conversation are pure 
 and elevating in their nature; and it would be strange, indeed, if the 
 Sabbath sun, as it sets upon a family or comnniniiy who thus had hal- 
 lowed its hours of light, did not leave il.em happier, wiser and Letter 
 tlian when he rose. Can any doubt the effects of a day ihus spent on 
 mental and mora] character, or the power of that restraint which it 
 ilcows over the conduct ? Nearly three entire years, or one seventh of 
 the life of everv young man, who leaves his home on reaching the age 
 of manhood, will have been spent under such influences. These are 
 not tlio families, nor these ihc individuals, who are nuisances to society. 
 It is not he who fears God, and keeps his Sabbath, that robs his neigh- 
 bor or murders him ; nor is his place rmong the debased of his species 
 in any respect, or any where — least of all here. Yt u cam ot l<eep a 
 man ignorant or bruti!>h in this country, if you give him his Sahbalh, 
 and he observes it according to his Maker's will. He will he raised 
 by its concentrated influences, and will undersland and value his civil 
 and political rights, and will respect the rights of others. 'Jhe wily 
 demagogue nui!>t seek somewhere else his tool or liis victim. 
 
35 
 
 With a population thus nurtured, we all feel ihat our laws would be 
 obeyed and our liberties as a nation safe ; but there can be no such with- 
 out the Sabbath and its appropriate sanctification, and there is no such 
 where it is unknown and unhonored. We beseech pur fellow-citizens 
 maturely to consider this conclusion and the facts which, as we have 
 seen, have inevitably involved it. 
 
 If these are the happy issues cf obedience to this wise and gracious 
 command of our Creator, we are warned by his word and awfid provi- 
 dences that its profanation is proportionally dangerous. The purest and 
 most healthful fountain, if poison be cast into its waters, sends forth only 
 streams of death, and so will desecrated and polluted Sabbaths work our 
 more speedy and dreadful ruin. Our principle of self-government as a 
 people must be abandoned, and we and our children must pass under tlie 
 yoke of despotism. 
 
 There is much to encourage us. The Sabbath, like the Bible, is to a 
 great extent embedded in our affections, our most cherished associations, 
 and in our social and civil usages. Almost universally the places of busi- 
 ness and of public amusement are closed ; and, as a general fact, and in a 
 growing degree there is a cessation from open labor; and those from 
 whom this privilege is yet withheld-i-for wit'iheld it is in instances fear- 
 fully numerous — have begun to feel it the sorest evil of their poverty that 
 they cannot obtain that, even as a boon, which is theirs by inalienable 
 birth-right — by the legacy of their fathers and the gift of God. Of the 
 strength of this desire for deliverance there are t!ie most convincing 
 proofs before the Convention, and among tlie motives which liave as- 
 sembled us iiere, many of us from distant homes, were the affecting ap- 
 peals of this very class of our proscribed fellow-citizens for the help 
 wliicli public opinion and public sympathy may bring to their relief. 
 Shall it be denied ? and especially shall the sought-for aid be withheld 
 by those who have the power to grant it ; and tliat for the sake of gains 
 uncertain at the best, but which if realized, will bring no real goi:d, and 
 which may yet ruffle and disturb the pillow of death ? 
 
 In conclusion, we would ask of our fellow-citizens tlicir influence, their 
 kind persuasions,, aiul above all, their blameless example in aid of this 
 cause, to the furtherance of vvhich so many and such various considera- 
 tions prompt us. The world has never witnessed the spectacle of an 
 universal obedience to the Sabbath in any country ; and its full power 
 to bless a nation is yet unrevealed. In no other land can the trial be 
 made with such encouragements as in this, and with t^uch power of ex- 
 ample to the world — for if successful here it will be as'^tlie voluntary 
 decision of a free people. 
 
 It was the remark of one of the ablest and purest of those foreio-ners 
 who came to our aid in the days of revolutionary peril, and who made 
 his home, and recently his grave, among us, the late venerable Dupon- 
 
36 
 
 ceau, of Pliil;uleli)liia, tliat of all we Qlinmed as cliarafteristic, our ob- 
 servance of the Sabbath is the only one truly national aiid American, 
 and for this cause, if for no other, he trusted it would never lose its 
 hold on our affections and patriotism. It was a noble thoughl, and m;iy 
 well mingle witli higher and nobler motives to stimulate our efl'crts and 
 encourage our hopes. And while it is the glory so eagerly coveted by 
 olhernations that ihey may be pre-eminent in conquests and extended 
 rule, let us gladly accept it as our distinction, and wear it as the fairest of 
 all that grace our escutcheon, tliat we pre-eminently honor the Sabbath 
 and the Sabbath's Lord. 
 
 In behalf of tlie Convention, 
 
 JOHN Q. ADAMS, President. 
 
 Harmar Denny, Secretary. 
 
 Dr. Eddy, from tlie Standing Committee, reported tlie following 
 Resolutions, which w^ere adopted : 
 
 XX. Jicsolved, That this Convention view with gratitude to the 
 Divine Being, the ellbrt which has for some time past been making 
 on the part of the National government, as well as of many oflicers 
 of the army, to extend to the soldiery the privilege of resting on 
 the Sabballi and attending the worship of the Sanctuary. And it 
 is ardently hoped, through the good providence of God, that this 
 privilege will soon be extended to-the entire army. 
 
 XXI. Resulved^ That the clergy of the ditlerent denominations 
 of christians in the United States be respectfully requested to 
 preach, annually, a sermon or sermons, adapted to promote the 
 scriptural ohervance of the Lord's day ; and, if convenient to 
 them, to select the month before harvest as the season lor such 
 discourse. 
 
 Dr. Eddy then read the 22nd and 23rd resolutions, which were 
 agreed to without debate. 
 
 XXn. Resolved^ That Rev. Mr. Hamner, Rev. Benjamin Kurtz, 
 Fielder Israel, Charles W. Ridgcly, and R. G. Armstrong, Esqs., 
 be, and they are hereby appointed a Committee of Finance, to 
 whom shall be paid over whatever sums may be subscribed and col- 
 lected for that purpose, to pay all the necessary expenses of the 
 Convention; and who shall select such portions of the letters and 
 communications read before this Convention, to be published in 
 connexion with the minutes of its proceedings, as they may think 
 proper, and also superintend the publication, and gratuitous dis- 
 tribution of the proceedings of the Convention. 
 
 XXIII. Resolved, That the respective delegates in attendance on 
 this Convention, be requested to leave their address with either of 
 the members of the said Committee, and that a copy of the pro- 
 ceedings he sent, by mail or otherwise, to every such delegate. 
 
 Mr. Adams, the venerable President of the Convention, rose and 
 stated, that he was now under the necessity of taking his leave of 
 this body, and of returning to Washington. He look this opportu- 
 
37 
 
 nity of renewing to every gentleman present his cordial thanks for 
 the ])onor they had done liun by placing him in that chair, and also 
 for the gratification he had received from what had hitherto been 
 done. If it was true, that there existed a solid foundation for the 
 remark, which had been alluded to, of the late lamented Uupon- 
 ceau, that the American nation was distinguished above ail other 
 nations of the earth, for its profound reveience for, and its general 
 observance of the Sabbaili ; he hoped that the result of the present 
 .Convention, would gieally increase sucli evulence of its true glory. 
 
 Dr. Longmore, of iManayunk, moved, that the thanks of this 
 Convention be given to our most excellent and venerable President, 
 for his able and acceptable administration of the duties of the chair, 
 on this occasion. 
 
 The motion was unanimously agreed to, and the Convention 
 adjourned to the afternoon. 
 
 Thursday aftert^oo", — 3 o'c/ocfc. 
 
 The Convention met. The Hon. Willard Hall, 1st Vice Presi- 
 dent in the chair. Prayer was oti'ered by the Rev. Mr. Kingsford, 
 of Alexandria. 
 
 Dr. Edwards, from the Business Committee, reported the follow- 
 ing Resolutions : 
 
 XXIV. Resolved, Thn[ the thanks of this Convention be given to 
 the^Trustees of the congregation worshipping in this house, for the 
 use of the church, and for all the accommodations which they have 
 furnished during the sessions of this Convention. 
 
 XXV. Resolved, Thatlhe thanks of this Convention be tendered 
 to the families in Baltimore, who have kindly opened their houses 
 for the accommodation and generous entertainment of the mem- 
 bers of this Convention. 
 
 XXVI. Resolved, That the assistance which the venerable John 
 Quii>cy Adams, late President of the United Slates, lias rendered 
 to the object? of this Convention, in the able, dignified and kind 
 manner in wliich he has ])resided over our deliberations, and in the 
 testimony ^vhicli he has borne to the imjiortance of the Sabbath to 
 the social, civil and religious interests of our country, deserves and 
 receives our grateful acknowledgements ; and that tlie Secretaries 
 be directed to transmit it to him with our earnest desires for his 
 health, usefulness and hapiiiness ; and that when he shall have done 
 with the things of this world, he may he prepared for, and received 
 to " that rest which remaineth for the people of God." 
 
 Dr. Eddy moved, that the time wliile the Committee were 
 out jireparing further business for the action of the body, be occu- 
 pied in free conversation. 
 
 He ]iad himself a word or two to say as to tlie state of things in New Jersey, wliero 
 
 ' he resided. And he wo>ild malie these statements the more readily since many of 
 
 the, evils they suffered in tiiat State were chiefly of foreign growth. Tlie State iiad 
 
 been compared by some one, Dr. Franklin, he believed, to a cask tapped at both ends. 
 
 Ti)js was said, and not altogether without reason, in allusion to its position between 
 
S8 
 
 the tvyo great cities of New York and Pliiladelphia. But tlic simile would have been 
 more correct if it had compared the Slate to the Mediterranean, with a strait like 
 that of Gibraltar at each end : for much more flowed into than out of it. In Jersey 
 their courts were almost perpetually in session ; but it was to settle causes the 
 origin of which came from Philadelphia and New York. Tlie vicious from both 
 cities escaped on Sabbath to the Jersey shore opposite, and there they committed 
 crimes wliich led them to the penitentiary and often to the gallows. The statements 
 of Judge Hornblower on that subject were fearfully true. Dr. E. had himself too 
 often been called to attend wretched criminals from the condemned cell to the fatal 
 tree. Many of them were residents of New York, and their first step in crime was 
 to come over on the Sabbath to tlie shores of New Jcisey — there ihey got to drink- 
 ing, and then to quarrelling and murder. Here was one of the greatest evils with 
 which their community was afflicted. The great cities on either hand weie pouring 
 out on every Lord's day thousands upon thousands of beings who had no regard for 
 the laws eitlier of God or man. The mail cars between New York and Philadelphia 
 were filled, on Sabbath, with those who came abroad with dog and gun to engage in 
 field sports. It was tliercfore in our great cities that this question of Sabbath obser- 
 vance or Sabbath desecration must in the first instance be settled. The mail could 
 not travel across New Jersey were it not for the stockholders of the rail road lines in 
 New York and Philadelphia. The people of Jersey were, generally speaking, in 
 favor of a stiict observance of the Lord's day; but their wishes were controlled and 
 crossed by gentlemen residing out of the State. 
 
 Mr. Childs said that he, too, had been waiting with anxiety to hear some gentle- 
 man touch upon what he esteemed the real foundation of the whole evil complained 
 of He believed, for one, that the difiiculty lay back of any of the causes which 
 had as yet been brouglit forward : and it was this, — that there existed no settled 
 judgment in the community as to what constitutes a violation of the Sabbath. One 
 might go from one end of this country to the otlier, and witii the exception of a 
 small infidel clique all professed to keep the Sabbath. VYe niigiit see in one place a 
 colonel at the head of his regiment maiiffiuvring on the parade ground : — or a cap- 
 tain of artillery practicing his men at target firing : both of them perhaps were pro- 
 fessors of Christianity : and they both maintained that they were appropriately oc- 
 cupying the hours of the Lord's day. A general officer would march through the 
 streets of one of our great cities with his thousands of troops and still contend he 
 wiis doing his duty. This was their mode of keeping Sabbath. There was no prin- 
 ciple in the case but this — simply to take the fourtii Commandment as our rule, and 
 make no exceptions but for works of necessity or mercy. Wiien ministers and mem- 
 bers of the church began to set the example of transcending tliis rule, there was no 
 flopping j!oint short of general licentiousness, and an utter prostration of all Sabbath 
 observance wiiatever. Mr. C. said that the api)eal.must be to the members of iho 
 christian church throughout these United Stales — to those who thioiigh tiie benign 
 influences of the S()iiit had been converted to llie knowledge and obedience of iho 
 truth : it must be tlicy who would save the country or it could not be saved. Our 
 hope was in that church which Jesus had founded with his own right hand. Ho 
 hoped Ibis entire Convention would rise as one man and present sucli an appeal to 
 the cliristians of America. Could it be right in the sight of God to employ the 
 sacred hours of the Sabbath in any tiling besides his own worship, save only works 
 of necessity and mercy ? 
 
 Suppose the fourtii were put on the same level- in our practice wilii the sixth Com- 
 mandment — what a revolution would it make in Society ! And yet where was tlio 
 ditfeienco in their moral obligation? And in relation to the sanciificalion of llio Sab- 
 bath, why should not all classes of our citizens be put on the same level and receive 
 
39 
 
 the same treatment? If a poor black boy rolled his wheelbarrow or drove his cart 
 past one of our churciies vvhile engaged in worship, he was immediately stopped: 
 yet we suffered at the same time the proprietors of steamboats aiul rail cars to rush 
 throiigli the country carrying freight and passengers without interterence and with 
 scarce an intimation of censure. 
 
 He appreciated the truth of the remarks made by a gentleman recently up (Dr. 
 Eddy), and thought with him that we should carefully avoid sliewing a captious 
 spirit against the church and the ministry. His remarks on that subject were en- 
 titled to great consideration. Yet it was a certain truth that while the conductors 
 and agents were driving their cars roaring through our streets on the Lord's day, 
 their employers, the proprietors of the cars, were in the house of God piously seated 
 at the Lord's table. It was useless to shut our eyes to facts like these : we must look 
 at the case as it is. He knew there were difficulties to be encountered : but he be- 
 lieved the root of them was to be found in tiie loose principles held by many as to 
 what was, and what was not, a violation of the Sabbath. It would generally be found 
 that gross error was contemporaneous with loose notions respecting the Sabbath. 
 He had been forcibly struck with a remark of the Rev. Dr. Edwards, that the Sab- 
 bath was as naturally suited to the mind and conscience of man as air was to his 
 lungs, or cold water to his thirst, or hght to his eye. SureLy the great body of chris- 
 tians might exert a greater influence in causing it to be observed. There were in 
 Baltimore as many, if not more than twenty thousand Protestant Christians, at least 
 five thousand of whom exercised tli« elective franchise. Now while he would be 
 among the last to degrade the holy cause of religion by mingling and mixing it up 
 with the party politics of the day — he loathed the very thought — j-et it was certainly 
 true that, if these five thousand christian voters avowed it as their purpose to have 
 none for their rulers who openly set the law of God at defiance, his word for it, 
 they would at once witness a wonderful reform in tliis matter of Sabbath breaking. 
 There was not a city or a village inour laiid where, if the church once took this 
 sla.nd and kept it, they would not witness a great and salutary change. Give him 
 but the assurance that every member of what were commonly known as the Evan- 
 gelical Ciiurches of the United Slates would never travel in coacli, stage, rail car or 
 steamboat on the Lord's day, nor go nor send to the Post office on that day, and he 
 would not ask for any petitions to Congress nor any legal interposition of any kind : — 
 4he crime would cease at once : it would drop spontaneously and without hand. 
 
 It had been demonstrated, and the fact was officially admitted, that the trans- 
 portation of the mail on the Sabbath was an enormous burden on the Government 
 and cost full one-liiird as much as to carry it on all the otiier days of the week. 
 The Government did not desire the practice to continue : let but the men who feared 
 God icill that it should cease, and it would cease. He spoke in the sincerity of his 
 soul in endeavoring to direct tiie attention of this body to what he believed to be 
 the foundation of the evil. We might put forth documents to sliow that Sabbatli 
 rail cars were run at an actual loss to the proprietors : but that was not the thing, 
 the proprietors wourd settle all questions of profit and loss for themselves. No fiear 
 but they would discover all that : tills body never would influence them by such arou- 
 ments, rwr much, probably, by setting forth the evils of Sabl^ath travelling. They 
 must be moved by a healthy public sentiment, or by nothing. As to New Jersey, 
 Mr. C. said, he loved the State, if for nothing else, because it held in its bosom such 
 a man as Chief Justice Hornblower, whose admirable communication had been heard 
 with 80 deep an interest. Let but tiie sentiments expressed by that venerable man 
 become universal, and nothing more would be wanting to place his State on the pin- 
 nacle of glory. He regretted, however, to hear tiiat that excellent State should per- 
 snit the public degecration of tiie Lord's day by grog-shops all along the line of their 
 fiaiJ Boads. 
 
40 
 
 Drs. Longmore and Eddy liere interposed to state tiiat that ovil &aJ been re- 
 formed : the Companies had prohibited the practice and it was discontinued. 
 
 Mr. C. said he was heartily glad to hear it : for he had himself been once detained 
 several hours in the night on one of those lines in consequence of the engineer 
 being drunk. 
 
 He had thrown out these remarks in a somewhat desultory manner, as they oc- 
 curred to his mind. If anything lie Iiad said should induce those who heard him to 
 probe the existing evil to the bottom, his purpose would have been answered. 
 
 He concurred entirely in the vindication of the Clergy generally, which had beery 
 presented by the Rev. gentleman from N. J. (l>r. Eddy). For one he believed that 
 there was at this hour no part of God's earth where the christian ministry could 
 compare in intelligence, morals or piety with those of these United Slates. There 
 might be, and no doubt were, some men aitaclied t» the order whowere a disgrace 
 to it and to themselves: but it would certainly be most flagrant injustice to say that 
 the influence of the American clergy was not sound and wholesome. He hoped 
 that the Resolution * which bad been offered by the Rev. gentleman from Maryland 
 would be carried out : bot he trusted the matter would not stop there, but that the 
 entire church would be roused to its duty. 
 
 As to all questions about the Jewish Sabbrilh, he believed they might soon be 
 settled. For one ho was so ignorant as not to know that there were any jx-rsons ia 
 the country who professed to o'jserve the Jewish Sabbath. The Subbaih he was after, 
 and which he hoped to see universally kept, was that which was established six 
 thousand years ago, l)cfore there was a Jew upoa earth: tbat Sabbath which God 
 hmiself appointed and which he sanctioned by his own example: that Sabbath which 
 " was made for man." Chiistmas was .still Cluistmas, whether it was kept on the 
 25th of Decemiier, or on the third of Jamiaiy, or, as according to others it ought to. 
 bo, on the 16th of May. It commemorated the commencement of the greatest of 
 all earthly events r so did the Sabbath. It was .Adam's Sabbath, so far as any par- 
 ticular man had to do with it. It w»« now kept by christians generally on the first 
 day of the week : but it was not less the Sabbath on that siccount. Was one of the 
 ten commandments repealed ? — bj' whom ? — If one might be repealed, all inight •. 
 if the command to keep holy the Sabbath day was not binding on christians, thca 
 the commandment to do no murder was not binding on christians, and they mielit 
 steal, murder, covet, lie and commit adultery, and yet sin against no comniandment 
 of God. The command, it was true, v/as given at Sinai to the Jews: .but itwas to 
 remember an old Sabha I h wh\ch had been ordained thousands of years before, even 
 at the creation of the world. God did not make the Sabballi Ihen : it was made by 
 him the next day after he had made man. As soon as he made him, he made the 
 Sabbath " for him" to bless him. Adam kept the Sabbath : and men would do the 
 same now, all men would, liad not Adam, their first father, broken God's law and 
 fallen from his original righteousness. 
 
 Let us then ask all to bring their conscience up to,this question^ — "Am I not bound 
 lo keep holy the Sabbath day?" and "can I keep it holy save by spending it in God's 
 worship and abstaining from all works but those of necessity and mercy V Here 
 was lee-room enough in all reason to suit any man. 
 
 Mr. C. concluded by observing that they luul listened lo three excellent Addresses 
 from the pen of the Standing Committee : ho thought the Convention needed yet 
 anolhcr — to the Christians of the United States: once enlist them heartily in this 
 c&usc and all opposition would fall, and the heavenly repose and stillness of the day 
 of God would pervade and possess our happy land. Then should we exhibit lo all 
 
 * No. XXI, originally submitted by Dr. Jolms, and referred to the Uusiiicss Coiu.. 
 
4i 
 
 nations the truth of that inspired saying "happy is that nation vvliose Cod is the 
 Lord." 
 
 Dr. Boardrnan inquired vvliellier a resolution submitted by him toiicliing tlie des- 
 ecration of Iho Sabbalii by Sabbath meetings of Congress, and vvhicli had been 
 referred to the Standing Committee, had been reported by tiicm to tiie Convention? 
 
 Judge Hail, tlie acting President, replied that it had not. 
 
 Dr. B. rej)licd lliat if it had not, and if it was the intention of tiie Committee not 
 lo report it, he should claim tlic cx^rciye of his personal piivilegc, as a member of 
 the Convention, to present it, in his own name, directly, for the action of the body. 
 He viewed the sul)joct as one of tlie deepest importance, and he believed the Reso- 
 lution had tlie general sympathy of the members present in its favor. 
 
 Dr. Eddy would explain the reason which had induced the Committee to decline 
 reporting the resolution to the Convention. The Committee had had a number of 
 resolutions referred to them which, like this one, they did not feel themselves at 
 liberty to report. The grounds of this conclusion would hereafter be more fully 
 given by the Chairman, (Ur. Edwards). But this did not abridge the right of every 
 member to offer any resolution he pleased in his personal capacity. The Committee 
 did not .understand that tiieir appointment bound them, as a matter of couise, to re- 
 port whatever resolutions might be offered, else where was the utility of their ap- 
 pointment at all 1 In relation lo that which had been offered by the Rev. gentleman 
 from Pliiladclphia (Dr. .Boardrnan) they did not deem it expedient to invite the 
 action of the body upon it, because they understood the Convention to be of such a 
 character as rendered it inexpedient for them to present themselves before the world 
 in conflict with the laws of their country, or as impeaching the conduct of our 
 National Legislators. They understood this assemblage to- occupy a position sub- 
 limely remote from all such conflicts. Our public representatives were responsible 
 to the Constitution, to the Laws, and their own constituents. The Committee did 
 not feel themselves, or the Convention, at liberty to impeach the conduct of the 
 National Legislature. Such were the considerations under which they had acted : 
 he submitted them, with due respect, to the decision of the body. 
 
 Dr. Boardrnan replied that, with the. utmost respect for the members of the Stand- 
 ing Committee, he could not refrain from the expression of his profound surprise at 
 the explanation just given in their behalf. If the principle laid down by the worthy 
 brother who had just resumed his seat, was- to prevail, and must govern the course of 
 this body, and ought to control the conduct of a christian people, then rnight pot 
 only the two houses of Congress, but the State Legislatures, and the corporate 
 authorities of every city, and borough throughout our country, not only occa- 
 sionally, but statedly and as a settled practice, hold their sessions upon, the Lord's 
 day, and not a christian in the land might lift tlie voice even of respectful remon- 
 strance against such a flag-rant desecration, lest he should "place himself in conflict" 
 with the civil authorities! So far was Dr. B. from sympathizing in such a senti- 
 ment, that he believed this Convention had more legitimately to do with our National 
 and State legislators, than with the proprietors and directors of canals and rail cars. 
 These directors were not appointed by the members of this body : the citizens gen- 
 erally had no voice in choosing, nor any recognized right of controlling, the directors 
 of piivate corporations: those Directors were not in any sense, their servants, nor 
 responsible to the members of this body for their acts : and consequently, on the 
 otiier hand, the Convention were not responsible for what they might choose to do, be- 
 cause such acts never were submitted for the Convention to pass judgment upon. 
 (He did not however mean to say but that its members, as a portion of the com- 
 munity, and as such exerting a proportional influence, were not in this renote sense 
 responsible.) But what was the case in relation to our National Representatives? 
 
 t 
 
42 
 
 They were the representatives, and as such the public servants, of the people. The 
 christian portion of tlie communiiy were, in their care, directly and personally re- 
 sponsible for every act-they were permitted, without answer or rebuke, to perform. 
 While accustomed, as all christians were, to dwcjl upon the fact that no sin so cer- 
 tainly called down the judgments of heaven as the open breach of the Sabbalh day, 
 our position was that of a people responsible for their Government and for all its 
 acts. And if God visited, (as he did visit in all ages,) even Governments the most 
 despotic for the public sins of their rulers, how much more might he be expected to 
 punish us, a free people, if we allowed our own chosen representatives to trample 
 upon his Laws without remonstrance? Should they, as a National Convention, hes- 
 itate for a moment to do what was done in the face of the House itself by the vene- 
 rable man who had lately vacated the chair of this body ? He had in his place, as 
 one of the Representatives from Massachusetts, firmly resisted an official encroach- 
 ment on the sanctity of the Lord's day. And ought this body to shrink from doing 
 the same 1 He trowed not. The Mouse of Representatives had repeatedly protracted 
 its session into the Sabbath morning : and some three or four years since it was even 
 extended through ahnost the whole day. Such examples had a fir-reaching influence, 
 an influence as pernicious as it was extensive. Of what avail would it be for the 
 Convention to press an argument for the Sabbath on the Directors of Rail Road 
 Companies, while an example so momentous and so pregnant with evil was held forth 
 without remonstrance or complaint before the eyes of the people ? An example which 
 might and would be pleaded to justify or to excuse Sabbath violation in every form. 
 He trusted the Convention would express firmly yet temperatel}' its opinion of such 
 a proceeding. 
 
 Dr. B. was not in favor of anything in the form of a memorial : but, while the 
 country had been searched for every form of Sabbath violation, even down to the 
 Sabbath school child who bought a stick of candy, ought this grave and flagrant case 
 remain untouched ? He trusted not. And he would therefore now again offer the 
 Resolution and ask the action of tlie Convention upon it. 
 
 -The chair decided that this would not be in order until the rule 
 which required the reference of all resolutions and other papers to 
 the Staiidinsj Committee without debate should have been sus- 
 pended. 
 
 Dr. Lonijmore, of Manayunk, thereupon moved that the rule be 
 suspended. 
 
 Dr. Eddy ol)served, that a Resolution had been offered declaring that public men 
 were as much bound in their public capacity, to respect and obey the Law of God as 
 private men in their private and individual ca|)acity. The Committee had reported this 
 Resolution and it had been adopted by the Convention. That now presented took, 
 substantially, the same ground. He did not deny that the Convention might ap- 
 proach the National Legislature : but would a body like this be very likely to sway 
 such a body as that ? The object of assembling this Convention was, as he under- 
 stood it, to create public sentiment, which in free Governments was more potent 
 than the Laws themselves. This if created, would influence the National Legis- 
 lature fir more than all the Resolutions that might be passed here. 
 
 Dr. Campbell, of Pittsburg, said that the Coiiventionhad appointed a Standing Com- 
 mittee, and had confided to their discretion the reporting of sucli resolutions as should 
 receive its action. Until the business already submitted was complete, nothing farther 
 could regularly come before the Convention, but through that Committee: and he 
 could not but view it as somewhat discourteous for any individual member to propose 
 »irtually to discharge the Commillec with a view to getting a favoiite measure before 
 
 9 
 
43 
 
 this body. Should this prartice be sustained, all might claim the same right: each 
 deemed liis own resolution of great importance ; and iiistead of being able to adjourn 
 that night, they might be detained in Baltimore for a month to come. 
 
 He moved to lay the motion of suspension on the table : and the 
 question being put, it passed in the atfirmative. 
 
 Dr. Edwards, from the Standing Committee, observed that the Committee had read 
 with attention and delight the various documents submitted to them. Some of them 
 were long— too long for publication : but tiie Committee had selected and presented 
 such only as seemed to them to touch upon those principles respecting which they 
 deemed it expedient this Convention should bear its public testimony. Some of the 
 resolutions submitted seemed to the Committee not to be exactly within the range 
 rightly pertaining to the action of such a body :— others related not so much to the 
 obligation of keeping the Sabbath as to details respecting the manner in which it 
 should be sanctified, a matter which could more advantageously be treated by local 
 associations. The Committee beheved that this, as a National Convention, assembled 
 from various and distant parts of the Union, should confine its atlentioft to general 
 and comprehensive views. Another large class they had reported, and which had re- 
 ceived the action of the Convention. After as full a consideration as possible, they 
 thought that as much ground had been covered as would be useful toward producing 
 the highest and best effect upon tlic public mind. There was such a thing as going 
 too far in matters of detail, which had better be left to the public conscience in the 
 light of facts. The remaining papers had been returned to the Secretaries. 
 
 He concluded by a motion that the Standing Committee be now 
 discharged, which being agreed to, they were discharged accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 Dr. Boardman said he had been urged by many friends round 
 him to offer liis resolution again, and he accordingly presented it for 
 the action of the Convention. 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention express their deep regret that the 
 Congress of tlie United States, has, in repeated instances within 
 the last few years, deemed it expedient to continue its sessions 
 through the whole or a part of tlie Sabbath: and they record it as 
 tlieir deliberate conviction tliat the National Legislature should ab- 
 stain from this practice for the future. 
 
 Mr. Paul T. Jones, of Philadelphia, said that he had heard, three years ago, very strong 
 denunciations of rail road companies and mail contractors for their disregard of the 
 fourth commandment: but here was the same disregard manifested in high places by 
 the National Legislature, and yet this large and respectable body, convened to give 
 expression to their views on this very subject, and it dare hot, speak out and uttejr its 
 protest against so open and bold a profanation of the day of rest. The legislature of 
 this entire nation had not merely trenched upon God's day, but, in one instance, had 
 engrossed nearly llie whole of it, in secular aftairs ; and yet this Convention paused ; 
 and it was held that tiiey ought not to speak although the Congress daringly violated the 
 wisiies of the whole ciiristian community througiiout the United States. If such a 
 principle were to prevail, he should feel like protesting against tlie Convention itself. 
 He recommended the resolution with all his heart. 
 
 Dr. Edwards observed that in offering the resolution tlie mover had himself admit- 
 ted that tiie wording of it might perhaps be stronger than the facts would warrant. 
 Would it not be better to wait till the whole facts in the case had been ascertained? 
 and even then, a serious question might arise as to the expediency of adopting a res- 
 olution of lliis tone or tenor. 
 
44 
 
 Dr. Boardman thought tlie Rev. Chairman could not have alhiiled to the wording 
 of the resolution. The facts to which it referred was known to the whole countiy. 
 It had recurred repeatedly witliin the last few years. 
 
 Rev. Clias. A. Davis movetl that the Resolution be laid upon the 
 table. 
 
 But the question being put, tlie motion was negatived. 
 
 The question then recurring on the adoption of the resolution, 
 
 Dr. Edwards said he had a few thoughts vvliich he wished to submit. It appeared 
 to him, in view of the whole case, tliat it could not be most useful to the cause to 
 adopt a resolution of this kind at the present time. The Convention had already 
 adopted all whicli it would be desirable to embody in the pamphlet intended to be put 
 forth by the Convention. Some of the distinguished men who had been in commu- 
 nication with them on this occasion had e.vpiessed a fear lest the Convention should 
 come into conflict with the goveruMiont in some way that political men could lay 
 hold of for evil. Dr. E. said he had travelled sixteen thousand miles, while engaged 
 in advancing the great object wliich had convened this assembly. In the course of 
 tiicse journeyings, lie had become acquainted with the views of distinguished friends 
 of tlie Sabbath in various portions of the Union : they were delighted with the pro- 
 gress which had been attained, and in the advantageous change which was taking 
 place in the public mind. They thought this change was proceeding as fast as was 
 consistent with its being at the same time kind and intelligent. It was silently ad- 
 vancing, and would continue to grow until the public conscience should at length 
 gain sutBcient strength to control the action of the directors of our canals and rail 
 roads, and to restiain the transmission of the mails and the sittings of Congress upon 
 the Lord's day, in a way perfectly kind, yet very efficacious. He believed that the 
 passage of a resolution like that now proposed would excite the regret of some of the 
 best and most distinguished men amongst us. Their cliief fear for this Convention 
 had been, that it might adopt some resolution which might be used by ill-minded men 
 to disturb and retard that kind and gradual, but sure and effective reformation which 
 was so happily tn progress. 
 
 The hour of adjournment having now arrived, the Convention 
 adjourned till 7 o'clock. 
 
 Evening Session, — 7 oWock. 
 
 The Convention re-assembled. Prayer was oilered by the Rev. 
 Mr. Hamilton. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Brainard, of Philadelphia, said tliat he was entirely willing tiiat the 
 highly respected brother who had offered the resolution should be his own judge as 
 to his own course: but to him it appeared that, after so strong a resolution had been 
 offered and the flagrant violation to which it referred had thus openly been brought 
 before the notice of the Convention, it might not be necessary lo press tiie measure 
 in its present form. He felt extreme reluctance to vote in the negative, lest it might 
 be supposed that he shrank from looking at sin in liigli places. He was greatly in 
 favor of the resolution, but he apprehended that, in the existing slate of the house, if 
 would be imjiossible to pass it with that degree of unanimity which in matters of this 
 kind was so highly desirable. Under this impression, lie had prepared and would 
 now submit a resolution by way of substitute, embracing the essential principles of 
 that now under consideration, )et avoiding what was feared by some of the gentle- 
 men present. 
 
45 
 
 Mr. B. now read the following: 
 
 Resolved^ That the increasing favor with which men in high 
 official stations regard the sanctification of the Sabhath, inspires 
 the liope that hereafter they will carefully abstain from introducing 
 legislation into those hours, which this great christian nation holds 
 as consecrated to the service of Almighty God. 
 
 This resolution, it would be observed, did not specify the instances in which tho 
 House had violated the Sabbath. It did not designate Congress as particularly or 
 alone guilty of tlie violation ; nor did it advise that body to abstain frop.i the like 
 oft'ence in future. It stated tiie general principle ; and did this in a spirit of kindness. 
 He had ventured to hope that, as this resolution was drawn up in a spirit of concilia- 
 lion, it might pass unanimously. It certainly would be gratifying and creditable, 
 could the last act of the body have this characteristic of unity. To try the sense of 
 the Convention, he would move that the consideration of the pending resolution be 
 postponed with a view to the consideration of the substitute. 
 
 The Chair suggested that its consideration would be most regular 
 if it were oiferecl as an amendment. 
 
 Mr. Brainard acquiesced in this suggestion, and modified his mo- 
 tion so as to strike out all of Dr. Boardman's resolution after the 
 word " resolved"' and insert his own. 
 
 Dr. Boardman said he found himself in a very unpleasant and painful position, 
 having under a deliberate conviction of duty introduced a resolution, which, to his 
 great and unfeigned surprise, had divided the house. He had honestly supposed that 
 the Convention would have fixed on that form of desecration to which his resolution 
 had reference as pre-eminently deserving its most serious consideration, and calling 
 for some respectful, yet decisive expression of opinion by this body. Since the ad- 
 journment, he had been earnestly appealed to by gentlemen on both sides of the 
 house, on one part to willidraw, and as slr*inuously on the other to adhere to his res- 
 olution: in the hope of conciliating the views of both, he had framed a substitute. 
 
 This differed from the amendment whicii had just been proposed, in that it con- 
 tained a specific reference to the fact. He thouglit, from the exhibitions of opinion 
 which had in several instances been made by the constituents of this body, that it 
 was their expectation tlie Convention would take some notice of this public violation 
 of the Lord's day. All he wished the Convention to say was, that they regret the 
 fact and hoped it would not recur again: and surely he need not ask wlicther this 
 was not the feeling of every member of this body. 
 
 The Chair stated that the amendment already offered (by Mr. 
 Brainard,) must first be disposed of. 
 
 Dr. Boardman thereupon moved that both the original resolution, 
 as moved by himself, and the amendment be postponed with a view 
 to considering the substitute which he read. 
 
 Mr. Cliilds moved that both resolution and amendment be laid on 
 the table : and the question being put it was agreed to. 
 
 Dr. Boardman then olfercd his substitute as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention express their deep regret that 
 the National Legislature should, in several ini^tances w^ithin the last 
 few years, have deemed it expedient to continue their sessions 
 through a part of the Sabbath; and they cherish the hoi)e that all 
 our le'gislative bodies may hereafter abstain from the transaction of 
 business on that day. 
 
46 
 
 Mr. Brainard expressed his liope that this would be adopted unanimously. His 
 object had been to discliarge his conscience, and yet meet, as far as lie could, the 
 views of the Convention. A large majority lie believed preferred the last modifica- 
 tion of his brotlier's resolution, and he was sure it contained nothing to which they 
 could not all give their assent. As it was to be the public act of lliis body, let all jf. 
 march up to it and make it a unanimous act. Tliis would give it weightKis tiicir 
 united testimony. 
 
 Dr. Nott suggested to tlie mover a change in the phraseology. The thing com- 
 plained of was not peculiar to Congress : the same tiling had repeatedly happened 
 in the New York Legislature. 
 
 Several modifications were here suggested so a.s to include the 
 State Legislatures, but Dr. B. declined accepting either of them as 
 a modification. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Mitchell thought the resolution not in the least disrespectful to Congress, 
 and thought it would be taken by that body in good part. Every one knew that the 
 desecration of ihe Sabbath by the National Legislature had been witnessed with great 
 pain by the more sober and moral and especially by the religious portion of the com- 
 munity: and he was convinced that the act of the Convention in plainly speaking 
 out its sentiments on the subject could offend nobody. Whatever was its effect, it 
 ou"ht to operate alike on all our legislative bodies who had indulged in such a prac- 
 tice. 
 
 Mr. Boardman avowed his readiness to accept a modification including the State 
 Legislatures if any gentleman could vouch for the fact that they too had held their 
 sittings on the Sabbath. 
 
 Several gentlemen rose and stated the fact to be within their own 
 knowledge. 
 
 Dr. Boardman accordingly amended liis resokition so as to read 
 as follows : 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention express their deep regret that 
 the National Legislature and other Legislative bodies should, in 
 several instances, within the last few years, have deemed it expe- 
 dient to continue their sessions through a part of tije Sabbath ; and 
 they cherish the hope that all our legislative bodies may hereafter 
 abstain from the transaction of business on that day. 
 
 Mr. Cooper observed that it ought not to be said they had done so " in several in- 
 stances" unless that was known to be true. 
 
 Mr. Sheer said he had been much pleased with the original resolution: it had 
 point and force: but every step towards its amendment had only gone to weaken 
 it, until he doubted whether, in its present form, it would accomplish anything. 
 Gentlemen ought to remember that they were sitting not as a Maryland Sabbath 
 Association, but as a National Sabbath Convention, called from the country at large 
 to consult on measures to promote the better observance of the Lord's day. Were it 
 a mere Slate Convention, then it might be very appropiiate and proj^r to notice State 
 violations of the Sabb.'th ; but thoy represented in some sort tlie nation. Here was 
 a flao-rant, notorious desecration of the day of God, perpetrated by men in high 
 places. While reform acted upward, example 0|jerated downward, especially when 
 it came from those at the very head of society, lie did not hesitate to s.iy their ex- 
 ample, in this matter, had had a most baneful infiuence. Gcnlleinen did not know 
 all that these Sabbath sessions produced Mr. S. could tell a tale one half of which 
 most of that audience had, in all probability, never dreamed of. Night sessions, both 
 
47 
 
 in cur National and State Legislatures, were the curse of those bodies. Most of tlie 
 visits to those subterranean hells in wliicli the drunkard's drink was vended in the 
 bar of the capilol at Washington, took place during tlie night. When the session 
 was protracted to the dawn of the Sabbath morning, bad blood, caused in a great de^ 
 gree by this midnight drinking, entered tlie assembly and began to manifest itself as 
 well among the members themselves as among tliose who attended to witness their 
 doings. And was it so that these men were to be suffered to " play fantastic tricks 
 before high heaven," and not a voice must be lifted in rebuke? "'Otlier legislative 
 bodies" must bo brought in, lest the language might be considered too pointed, and it 
 might.be divined that they were pointing their finger too directly at those in the 
 highest seats. But the scripture did not thus balk iniquity, the Bible did not deal in 
 mere generahties, it spoke out plainly and directed its. language strait at the objects 
 of God's indignation. 
 
 It had been said that public sentiment must correct the evil. But was public sen- 
 timent ever to do this unless It designated particular sinsi Suppose any otlier enor- 
 mity kindled the indignation of the American people, were they to be informed that • 
 in expressing their feelings they must frame none but " kind'' resolutions? couched 
 in smooth and gentle terms, lest perchance they should offend the nice ears of their 
 public servants? Had they come to this place, some of them travelling a IJiousand 
 miles to reach it, simply to express " their regret" that Congress had broken the Sab- 
 bath, and that " perhaps other legislatures" had done the same? Carbuncles were 
 not to be cured by anointing them with oil :^we must cut at.right angles, and burn 
 thefn out with caustic. The resolution was too soft for the occasion : and as it now 
 stood he believed he should vote against it. If the Convention could adopt a resolu- 
 tion speaking boldly out, be could hold up botii his hands for it. While he depre- 
 cated petitions to Congress on moral questions, he held that we had a clear, undoubted 
 right as American citizens to say plainly what we thought — should the resolution pass 
 in its present form, it would remind him strongly of. the anecdote of a certain master 
 who could not' get his servants to mind him, and instead of rebuking them, he turned 
 to his steward and asked him wh}' he did not reprimand them ? The steward replied, 
 if you well write a reprimand I will read it to them: he did so and the servants 
 lauglied at him. 
 
 Dr. AlcDowell said we had the Bible both for God's commands and for examples. 
 In one case a man preferred doing his duty, at the price of being thrown into a den 
 of lions, and the result convinced a king : in another an apostle so preached that Fe- 
 lix trembled. These men did not rebuke sin only where it was found in low places. 
 Would they notice the sale of candies to a child on the Sabbath, and when it was 
 violated by the highest legislative body in the land, turn away their faces and pass by 
 on the other side? Never. He was for speaking out against men in high places as 
 well as low. He believed it was only necessary to transpose the words of the reso- 
 lution a little, and to say that " the National Legislature in many instances and other 
 legislative bodies" had continued their sittings on the Sabbath. 
 
 Mr. Childs moved to strike out the words "National Legislature 
 and other legislative bodies," and insert " Congress of the United 
 States." 
 
 He did not wish this Convention to be silent concerning a great evil on wliich the 
 ■press of the country, both political and religious, had at the lime plainly spoken out. 
 He disliked the vague manner in which it was referrexl to. He was not prepared to 
 say that other legislatures had violated the Sabbath dclibeiately and wantonly as 
 Congress had done. It might in some cases have been necessary : he did not know 
 and therefore could not judge of the circumstances. He thought the mover of the 
 resolution had been loo yielding and that his resolution was- better as it stood at first. 
 
48 
 
 Mr. Mitchell was opposed to the amendment, and his first remark should be for 
 the benefit of liis friend over the way, (Mr. Slicer). Mr. M. had yet to learn that 
 the Congress of Ihe U. S. were so obtuse of understandmg as not to be able to com- 
 prehend the meaning of this body unless it was couched in the language of railinor. 
 The milder the terms employed, provided they fuHy expressed the meanini/ intended, 
 the greater the prospect that they would do good. There was anolhi;r thing he hud 
 not yet learned, and that was that it was less sinful for a Stale Leg-islalure to profane 
 the Sabbath than for the National Legislature: in his view both were alike sinful 
 before God against the cause of morals and of freedom, and both called for public 
 rebuke. He hoped that both would be included in the language of the resolution. 
 There was abundant proof present that many of our Slate Legislatuies were quite 
 as guilty as Congress in this matter. 
 
 Dr. Bond remarked that th<Me were two ways of defeating a resolution, the first 
 and most direct and honest was lo vole it down : — the other was so to dilute it that 
 it would have no effect. It seemed probable to him that Uiis resolution would be 
 defeated in the latter mode ; as it stood now it expressed the regret of this Conven- 
 tion that Legislative bodies, in general, continued their sittings on the Lord's day. 
 It applied as much to the Legislatures of New York, of Maryland, of Great Britain, 
 of France, of Turkey, aye and of Bokhara, (if such a Legislature existed) as it did 
 to the Congress of the United States. It extended over the whole universe and til- 
 ted nobody : and he greatly feared lest that was the object intended. TUe gentleman 
 last up, observed with holy horror, that the same thing had been done by the Legis- 
 latures of the States as by Congress. Dr. B. agreed with him that these were as 
 guilty as the other: and in due time he sliould vote for a like censure upon them 
 also. Let them first have evidence of the tiuth of the charge. He was prepared 
 to sit here till twelve o'clock, and if need be an hour over, to vote a distinct censure 
 upon them : but he hoped thiit tlieir case would be considered in a sei)ar;ite resolu- 
 tion. At tills rate they would have to include city corporations and all otiicr public 
 agents who at any time disregarded the sanctity of the Lord's day. The object too 
 plainly was to defeat the resolution by making it tantamount to notiiing. He affirmed 
 that the Congress of the United Slates had violated the consciences of the American 
 people. They were in the theory of our government the representatives and expo- 
 nents of the will of the nation. It was they who were to shew to the rest of the 
 world whether we were or were not a Christian people. He greatly feared that our 
 Conofressmen assumed it as a first principle of the Constitution that we were not. 
 Some men seeujt d to suppose that in the structure of our government we were a 
 people williout religion of any kind : and unless the people spoke out a contrary 
 sentnnent, it would insensibly and by prescription become the law of the land, that 
 the people of the United States were no more a Christian than they were a .lewlsit 
 people. Such, hajipily, was not the fact. Our fathers founded a Ciirislian republic. 
 Christian we were, and Christian we should insist on being acknowledged lo be by 
 those we chose to rule over us. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Bryan, of Pittsburg, said t!iat his mind had changed a little since this 
 debate conmienccd. He was now in favor of the amendment pnnditig, namely to 
 strike out " National Legislature and other legislative bodies," and to insert " the 
 Congress of the United States." They were here as a National Convention : but 
 the resolution as now modified by the mover contem|)lated the action of State Legis- 
 latures. Now in all the States, almost, there were State Conventions on the subjei t 
 of Sabbath observance, and he thought that they could act more appropriately and 
 more elVicicntly in regard to State evils. But national evils belonged more fitly to 
 the action of this body. If a sin had been perpetrated by (Congress, let the Conven- 
 tion say so. Again, it had been said tliat the ol)joct of convening this assembly wag 
 to manufacture public opinion: how could this belter be done liian by speaking out 
 
49 
 
 their own opinions ? He trusted this body was manuflicturing public opinion as it 
 never had been manufactured before. He trusted gentlemen did not fear to do it with 
 boldness, though at the same time with all becoming respect. Congress, by its act in 
 violating tlie Lord's day, had been manufacturing public opinion for this nation, and 
 in a most powerful way ; a way the most likely of any they could adopt to bring 
 down the judgments of God upon our land. Why should not this Convention 
 manufacture opinion in the opposite direction? He hoped they would do it. He 
 hoped they would speak out, plainly, intelligibly, distinctly, yet respectfully. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Chambers, of Chambersburg, Pa., said that he felt very unwilling unneces- 
 sarily to consume the time of the Convention; nor would he, especially at this late hour, 
 were he not constrained by a conviction of duly. He regretted the subject had not 
 been brought forward earlier. What was proposed by the resolution as now modified 
 by its author 1 to declare the regret of this body that Congress, in several instances, 
 had continued its sittings into the hours of tlie Sabbath, and that the same thing had 
 been done by some of our State Legislatures. This latter clause was objected to by 
 some gentlemen for want of more evidence of the fact, and it was on that ground 
 among others now proposed to strike out " National and State Legislatures" and substi- 
 tute "the Congress of the United Slates." The Congress: — what was Congress? 
 the House of Representatives only ? No : it included the Senate also. But, as thus 
 ame.nded, the resolution would assert that both the House and the Senate had, in 
 several instances, continued their sittings on the Sabbath. Now he, for one, was not 
 prepared to assert that : and he should be very unwilling that this body should put 
 forth statements which might turn out to be inconsistent with fact. It might be true 
 that the House of Representatives had, in some instances, continued its siltings into 
 the hours of the Sabbath. But the resolution as amended asserts two things : 1st. 
 That both houses had done this : and 2d. That in so doing they violated the Sabbath 
 day. Now it might be that no violation was committed : for the sittings might have 
 been necessary and unavoidable, in which case they would involve no breach of the 
 divine law. He could readily see how this might happen. The 4lh of March, for 
 example, might be the Sabbath (as it was once every seven years) and the previous 
 Saturday must of course be the last week-day in the session and in that Congress. 
 Now the public business at 12 o'clock on Saturday night might be so situated that 
 farther time was indispensable to complete the work of necessary legislation, without 
 which the wheels of the Government must stand still. The appropriation bills, as 
 every one knew, were often suspended to the very last hour of the session : and un- 
 less they were passed the public obligations could not be met, and very great em- 
 barrassment and distress must necessarily ensue throughout all parts of the Union. 
 Mr. C. did not justify such a posture of things ; nor the Sabbath sittings which re- 
 sulted from it : on the contrary he greatly deplored them. He well knew that there 
 was much in our National Legislation both to condemn and to deplore, on the si.t 
 days of the week as well as on the Sabbath day. In some cases the evil was the act 
 of the whole Government : the Executive participating in it, as well as the two 
 Houses of Congress. This was the case when bills received the signature of the Pres- 
 ident on Sabbath morning. 
 
 Mr. C. said he had had some little experience on this subject : but, during four years 
 in which he sat as a member of the House, it happened but once that the sittings 
 were continued on the Sabbath morning. Ou that occasion he had felt it his duty to 
 withdraw, though he stayed perhaps an hour after midniglit. He could easily con- 
 ceive, however, a case in which there might lie a real necessity that Congress should 
 sit on Sunday: as in cases of sudden invasion or insurrection. Ho hoped this body 
 was not about to get into conllict with the Government, nor to do any act which 
 might impair the prospect of its furthering the object for which it had been convened. 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 Mr. C. said he might go farther. Tliere was a law of Congress now in force which 
 positively icquircd tlie violation of ihe Sabbath : he referred to the law which required 
 all the Post Otlices in the United States to be opened on that day. The Postmaster 
 General was of opinion that on that point he had no discretion ; and all the office3 
 were opened accordingly. On this subject it had been deemed expedient not to me- 
 morialize Congress, but rather to seek to influence that body by the force of public 
 sentiment, lie hoped that such a result might be attained, and our legislation at 
 length be so modified as to lead to a better observance of the Lord's day throughout 
 our country. 
 
 Rlr. C. concluded by observing that of the several forms of the resolution which had 
 been prepared he should, himself, much prefer that proposed by the Rev. Mr. Brainard. 
 He thought it went just far enough, and he was prepared to vote for it, if an oppor- 
 tunity should be presented to do so. 
 
 Mr. Slicer rose in reply. He said that Congress were as fully informed on the 1st 
 day of March what legislation must be completed before the 4th, as they were when 
 the 4tli came, and ought to have it accomplished without trenching on holy time. 
 But men who had the public secular business to attend to could loiter away one half 
 of Saturday, and then borrow six hours of the Sabbath, to make up for tlieir negli- 
 gence. If tlie American people would once unite and show to the menibers of Con- 
 gress that they mujit work on working days, and get their work done on those days, 
 or meet the disapprobation of their constituents, his word for it they would have all 
 their bills passed without breaking in upon the Lord's day. Mr. S. said he could 
 indeed conceive one instance in which it would be lawful to sit upon the Sabbath — 
 and that was the case of a sudden invasion of the country by a foreign power : in 
 those circumstances it might be indispensable to the support of Government and 
 the defence of the countiy. But while the sessions of Congress were limited by the 
 Constitution, and every mcniber knew beforehand when his time for labor was to 
 come to an end, there could be no excuse for exceeding it ; for Congress had power to 
 force a vote on any pending question when they were determined to get the question : 
 and they could always so control a minority as to prevent delay. All the picas which 
 had here been urged in excuse would alike justify a thousand other forms of Sabbath 
 violation. Mr. S. could not see why the Convention ought not to speak out, and say 
 " the Congress of the United States." This was the ordmary language of the coun- 
 try. The workmen on our canals would understand it. The great and little Sab- 
 bath dealers would know what it meant. The venders of spirits would comprehend 
 it. Few of those who were personally cognizant of what was done at Washington 
 could entertain a doubt, that Congress did, often, not to s.ay habitually, disregard the 
 sanctity of the Lord's day. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Ycomaiis, of Philadelphia, said that he had too great respect 
 for the sentiment which pervaded this highly respectable body, and which had prompt- 
 ed it to convene, to permit himself for a moment to believe that those who desired 
 the modification of the pending resolution had been induced to take the part they had 
 in the present debate from the least feeling of timidity, or from an apprehension of 
 any thing relating to interest or power, save their interest in whatever was good, and 
 their power to accomplish it. Pie was entirely confident that not a voice had been 
 raised on that floor with the view of softening the language of tlio resolution, through 
 any fear of the " powers that be." He should entertain no fears of the practical re- 
 sult, should the resolution be even withdrawnal together, after the expression of sen- 
 timent which had here been reiterated so eloquently and in such a good spirit. He 
 thought there was not the least danger of their being thought to cower befoie public 
 sentiment or any public body : — but ho had observed tiic signs of that delicacy of 
 feeling which made all desirous of rather feeling than forcing their way, not to the 
 
51 
 
 seats of power, but to the hearts of a free people, — where alone the principle of Sabbath 
 consecration must live. If it would please the Convention to accept the form of an 
 amendment which, with all respect for those excellent friends on all sides of him who 
 had advocated with so much force and eloquence theoiiginal resolution, he had ventur- 
 ed to* prepare, he believed it would gratify a large number of the members present. Hia 
 reasons for thinking so were, 1st. That it would shew tliat they did not expect to 
 carry their end by the employment of any pecuhar language la the course of what 
 had been said he had heard tiie word " legislation'''' escape, as applied to the acts of 
 this Convention : it must have been through inadvertence. They were not legislating; — 
 nor denouncing; — nor rebuking any body. They were endeavoring to reach tlie 
 heart of this great nation, and to plant and cherisli there the principle of the cheerful 
 and voluntary sanctification of the Lord's day. Ue would also pass the reso-lution in 
 ets modified form, that it might exhibit to the world the principles on which they 
 were acting. They had come up to this place that they might encourage and stimu- 
 late eacli other to awaken tlioir affections round the principles which all professed to 
 hold. They came not to discuss theories of the Sabbath, or modes of its consecra- 
 tion ; nor, mainly, to devise new ways of promoting its observance. Tlieir work 
 was here: it was before them, en the spot, as the blessed Saviour had said, tlie king- 
 dom of God was, emphatically, within them. This was true of their whole en- 
 terprize : — its beginning and its end were both within them. Their work, as a Con- 
 vention, was begun and must be finished here. He did not, indeed, disclaim the ex- 
 pectations of results of great magnitude, whether on the principles of huuian nature, 
 or on the ground of a divine co-operation. Still it was not as a Convention that 
 they were to witness the results of their present labors. 
 
 He felt that an elevation, even an exultation, of spirit had been awakened by 
 this assembly : a most delightful impression had been made on many minds. As a 
 mere matter of prudence, however, as a question of expediency and of duty, he 
 should prefer tiiat tlie Cenvenlion express itself rather in a commendatory than a 
 ■denunciatory spirit. 
 
 Rev. Mr, Eken, of Alleghany Co., Pa., said, he had not been able to discover the 
 force of the objections against the resolution, as proposed to be amended by substitut- 
 ing the words " Congress of the United States." The gentleman from Cliambersburg 
 had opposed it on tlie ground that botli Houses of Congress had not participated, so 
 far as evidence went, in the violation complained of. Admitting that they had not, 
 Congress as a body v/as one. The rosclution did not charge Congress with violat- 
 ing the Sabbath: it merely expressed regret that they had carried their sittings into 
 the hours of that day. He thought that the remarks which had been offered in sup- 
 port of the original resolution furnished a satisfactory answer to the objections. He 
 had rejoiced in it when he heard it fir.'Jt presented, as I he most important wliich had 
 come before the body. Here, in his apprehension, was a great evil, respecting which 
 they, as a Sabbath Convention assembled from all the States, were called upon to 
 express their sentiments. As to the acts of State Legislatures, they could be noticed 
 afterward, in a separate resolution, bul he, for one, should be sorry to return to 
 his constituents and tell them that the Convention had done nothing in relation to 
 60 great and flagrant an act of Sabbath violation. He did not consider it expedient 
 to petition Congress to legislate in enforcing Sabbath observance : but he was in 
 favor of speaking to them as to public servants. Sucii they were. And a nation 
 was as much bound to see tliat its servants kept holy the Lord's day as an individual 
 was. The commandment ran, " In it thou shalt do no manner of work : thou, nor 
 Ihy man eereant.'''' Here was a case in which the servants of this nation had dis- 
 obeyed that commandment, and we as a People were called to rebuke them. 
 
 * Dr. Yeomans did not hand a resolution to the Secretary. The Committee of 
 Publication are under the impression that Dr. Y. advocated Mr. Brainard's resolution. 
 
52 
 
 Mr. Keener, of Bailimore, said, that there was one objection in liis mind againat 
 ▼cling for the resolution. He believed he felt as little hesitation as any man iu 
 speaking his sentiments in plain language: but he could not but think that tlie Con- 
 vention departed from the line of its duty, and from the spirit of the object which 
 had convened it, when it undertook to pass votes of censure. If they once began that 
 business, where were they to end ? They must go through all reprehensible acts of 
 all our various public bodies, and then come down to all breaches of the Sabbath by 
 individuals. It might be leplied, perhaps, to them, as it was said to some of old, 
 " Let him that is without sin among you cast the first stone." They were present 
 here that they might embody great truths, and not to censure particular bodies of 
 men. Their legitimate object, — and it was a great and a noble one, — was to act as 
 a great moral heart in the midstof our widely extended population, whose pulsations, 
 under the power of truth, and in furtherance of the truth, sliould be felt to the re- 
 motest extremities of the body politic. We might, to be sure, declare that the acts 
 of the National Legislature in intruding on the Lord's day were deserving of general 
 reprobation: but what point would they gain by that? Members of Conorress were 
 men like themselves : they were not always blameless in their conduct : but votes 
 of censure were not in his apprehension the most likely way to correct the evil. 
 When the God of all holiness would bring David to a sense of his sin, it was not by 
 a message of denunciation and threatening, but by one of the most gentle, yet melt- 
 ing, parables that the Bible contained, and when the offending monarch heard the 
 prophet exclaim " thou art the man" his reply was " J have sinned against the 
 Lord." — Mild language might move their minds and lead them to reform their way ; 
 but the tones of reproof might operate to counteract the very object sought to be 
 attained. 
 
 Mr. Childs moved to lay the resolution and amendment on the table. He found 
 it was the opinion of wise and leading members of the Convention that they should 
 jeopardize the useful influence it might otherwise exert by pressing the subject 
 further. The Rev. Dr. Nott had prepared a substitute, in wiiich Mr. C. entirely 
 concurred. It was believed that this would be in conformity with the tenor of 
 the preceding resolutions already adopted, all of which had been commendatory, 
 and not expressive of regret or censure. The name of the author of this substitute 
 would of itself be a tower of strength. 
 
 T)ie motion of Mr. Cliilds was agreed to: the resolution of Dr. 
 Boardman, as modified by himself, together with the amendments 
 which iiad been proposed to it, were laid on the table : and the 
 question being on the adoption of the following substitute by Dr. 
 Nott,— 
 
 Whereas the due observance of the Lord's day is in the judg- 
 ment of this Convention binding on all men as well when acting in a 
 public and official as in a private and individual capacity, therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That it be respectfully and carneslly recommended to 
 all legislative bodies, whether State or National, to give the sanc- 
 tion of their example to its observance by avoiding all ordinary 
 sittings for business on that day. 
 
 Dr. Boardman expressed his regret that the rules of the body required the ques- 
 tion on laying upon the table to be taken without debate. No vote of this Conven- 
 tion had excited in his mind as much regret as that just taken. There had been, as 
 he supposed, a general expression in favor of the original resolution and also of tlie 
 amendment, and no gentleman, so far as he had heard, had avowed an entire change 
 of his conviction since the last adjournment : yet now, after so far diluting the for- 
 mer resolution as to render it unacceptable to many, the body was called on to drop 
 
53 
 
 it, and adopt another which wholly omitted all allusion to the great national sin 
 which had been committed, wliich exceeded in enormity and in its pernicious influence 
 any other form of Sabbath violation which had as yet been animadverted on. There 
 were, as had justly been observed, various ways of killing an obnoxious resolution 
 besides openly assailing and |)utting it down. It had again and again been objected 
 that the resolution would be likely to involve the Convention in some sort of collis- 
 ion or controversy with the National Legislature : and as there was, and ought to 
 be, a great deal of sensitiveness on that subject, Dr. B. had waited with anxiety, 
 but in vain, to hear some of the objectors take up and analyze the resolution and 
 point out how it was to cause this dreaded collision. He thought the argument em- 
 ployed would be as apposite to almost any other resolution as to this: but a bad name 
 had been given to it, and under the influence thus created the resolution had been 
 Jaid upon the table. He repeated it, that while this body had been convened ex- 
 pressly to consider the existing desecrations of llie Sabbath day, and while the mem- 
 ory of the members had been taxed and explored to bring up various forms in which 
 the sacredness of the day had been violated, going down even to the little boys who 
 rode our canal horses, and to tlie apple-pedlars and candy-sellers; while the voice of 
 the Convention had been raised against the assaults upon the Sabbath on our rivers 
 and canals, and rail roads and stage lines, — was this great, prominent and overpower- 
 ing instance of public desecration, and that by men in the highest stations, to be 
 passed by witii nothing more than a vague generality 1 with a resolution which 
 might as well be applied to any other legislative body in the wide world 1 He ut- 
 terly protested against withholding all expression of opinion against this flagrant 
 form of Sabbath profanation. He protested against it as an American citizen, having 
 a. title in the soil : — because God was a righteous God, and because it had been writ- 
 ten on the history of laatiens by the finger of God himself, that no sin so certainly 
 brought down the indignation of an offended Deity as this very sin of Sabbath 
 breaking. He need not cite instances : tliey were famihar to the minds of all around 
 him — seen and known of ail men. Tiic members of the Convention were here to 
 unite their influence and exert it to the uttermost in the Sabbath cause. They were 
 the makers of our law-makers, and as such in a large degree responsible for their 
 acts. This was a representative government, and surely, if God regarded the acts 
 of even the most despotic governments and visited even to annihilation tlie sins, not 
 of the people, but of tbeir rulers, in whose appointment they had no agency, what 
 cause had Americans to look for his visitations, should they refuse to lift their testi- 
 mony against the offences of rulers whom they had themselves created ? Tlie ques- 
 tion, let it be remembered, stood, now, on a different footing from what it did at 
 first. The subject had now been mooted : it had been called up for the animadver- 
 sion of this Sabbath Convention, and the body had been called upon by some of the 
 most venerable and intelligent of their members to express its opinion in regard to 
 it. A resolution had been off'ered simply expressing the deep regret of this body 
 that Congress should have continued its sittings into the sacred hours of the Sabbath. 
 Should the whole suljject be now tiirown out, without action of any kind, what must 
 be the effect 1 It was now too late to arrest the discussion: the influence of what 
 had already been said must go forth to all the winds. And if the fact should go 
 abroad that, after spending four or five hours in debating the question, a majority of 
 those present deliberately refused to say a word about the matter, what would be the 
 inference in all minds? what would bo the impression created on the infidelity and 
 irreligion of the country ? He need not say. 
 
 Dr. B. said he was not surpassed by any in his veneration for the author of the 
 substitute now before the Convention : yet he could not but ask himself, and ask all 
 •■ho heard him, what was its import? it was simply a recommendation to all the 
 
54 
 
 legislatures of llic world to abstain from violating the Sabbath day. Did it contain 
 the remotest allusion to what had been done? — none — not the slightest. It moved, 
 to use the language of anotlier, in a sphere "sublimely remote" from all connexion 
 with our national rulers — [Dr. Eddy corrected this allusion to his speech — what he 
 had said was, that "the Convention occupied a position sublimely remote from all 
 conflict with our national lulers."] — exactly : and so it would be interpreted by those 
 christians who had been praying for years past against the desecration of the Sabbath, 
 sanctioned as it was by the example set frem time to time in the very halls of our 
 National Legislature. The resolution certainly was " infinkely renisle" from ali 
 conflict with this public and flagrant iniquity. And had it come to this? that a col- 
 lection of christian delegates, convened from all parts of the land expressly to consider 
 the lengtii and breadth of this enormity, should lay their hand upon candy-sellers- 
 and apple-pedlais, and yet be so very decorous and sO' very respectful tiiat tln-y could 
 not say they felt regret tliat Congreaa ahauld have violated tlie sanctity of the Sab 
 bath day. He would Hot longer detain the house, but, ia justice to himself and to a 
 large class of his fellow delegates who had urged the adoption of the resolution, he 
 must move a re-consideration of the vote by which it had been laid upon the table. 
 
 The question being put, the house divided; — but had to be 
 counted three times before the result of the vote could be ascer- 
 tained, when the chair declared it to be carried. 
 
 - Dr. Boardman now moved to take up the resolmtion and amend- 
 ment. 
 
 The motion was agreed to: — and the question being on tlie 
 amendment — "Congress of the United StJttes" it was agi'eed to.. 
 
 The question then recurring on the resolution as amended, (See 
 resolution on page 46.) 
 
 Hon Rlr. Denny, of Pittsburg, said that it was with great reluctance he rose at this 
 hour to detain the Convention : nor should he. l«ive- prevailed on himself to attempt 
 it, but for the deep impression he felt as to the effect upon the cause which the res- 
 olution, if now adopted, was, in his judgnTent, likely to produce. There were- 
 three diflierent sentiments entertained on this floor respecting the propriety of ap/- 
 proaching Congress upon the subj.ect refei red to. Some were disposed to pass a vole 
 of direct censure upon that body: others, in favor ©f deckrlrig the regret icll by 
 the Convention at its course : while yet a third party preferred a conciliatory course^ 
 with a view of obtaining the aid of Congress in promoting the Sabbath cause. 
 Which of these was the most important ? — Should the Convention go up and pitv- 
 nouncc its censure upon Congress for what. they had done, when their course had 
 already been rebuked by the press, rel-igious and secular, and tiie expression of the 
 public reprobation had rung from gne end of the land to the other? What could this 
 body do but reiterate what had already been said? — And as to the jioint pressed so 
 pei.sevcringly by the author of the resolution, viz., a* declaration of the regret felt 
 by the Convention, he would a.sk him and all others what they supposed Coiigres.i 
 would care for their regrets? .If Ihcy could be so bold against God's Law, the dis- 
 approbation of a body like this would only excite a smile. Was it not more im- 
 portant to the friends of the cause in the halls of Congress that the Convention 
 should adopt a conciliatory course calculated rather to strengthen their (fibrts in obf 
 taining a reform ? Under the conviction that this was the wisest couise he was pre- 
 pared to vote for the substitute proposed by Dr. Noll, but nmsl oppose the adoption 
 of that now before the Convention. It had once been laid on the table with a view 
 to introdnre a substitute in more conciliatory terms : he hoped it would not now 
 be adopted : we wanted if possible to obtain the aid and co-opciation of Congress In 
 
55 
 
 reforming public sentiment and pmifying tke national morals. Was this likely to 
 be obtained by harsh and condemnatory lesolutionsl He had. been struck by the ref- 
 erence to the case of tiie offending Monarch of Israel. Nathan did not approach 
 him with regrets and'.condonmatioii-'but with words soft and penetrating, under 
 which, conscience struck, he at once confessed his sin and humbled hmiself befor God 
 and man. Let us take a lesson from tiiis lovely and instructive example : let us go 
 to our rulers in the same spirit ; let us hold out the expression of our sentiments in 
 language so moderate, so carefully guarded, that none could object. He hoped 
 the Convention would retrace its steps. It was in contemplation to appoint anotiier 
 Sabbath Convention at the seat of Government, during the meeting of Congress: he de- 
 sired that, if they should conclude upon such-a measure, a healing, conciliating influence 
 should go before them : this would ensure theni a better reception than resolutions of 
 regret or votes of censure. Mr. D. knew that there were some there ready to go 
 heart and hand in advancing all that the Convention most desired : some of whom 
 had most reluctantly participated in the sittings which had been holden on the morn- 
 ing of the Lord's day, and others who like his friend from Chambersburg had retired 
 from the hail and refused all participation in the scene. Let the Convention adopt 
 such a course as would strengthen their hands, and secure to themselves such a re- 
 ception at Washington as should be spread through the land and exert a healthful 
 influence in favor.of the general cause. He hoped the Convention would consent to 
 take up the resolution prepared by Dr. Nott, and pass it. 
 
 Mr. Childs said, that if we were here in a difl'erent capacity, he might be willing 
 to "shew spunk" and having once espoused a resolution carry it nolens volens in the 
 face of all opposition. But they were here present as christians, met to promote a 
 christian cause. And what good woiild it do to that cause to pass a resolution 
 which should leave this Convention divided into parties. He put it to men who 
 feared God and loved the Sabbath. Wiiat good could it possibly .do to adopt a res- 
 olution with but half the body in its favor ? -The most calamitous consequences 
 muet ensue, should the Convention adjourn in a divided state. He would make an 
 appeal to the Convention to consent to let the resolution rest, and not to urge it 
 through against the minds of so large a minority. If it was a political body it might 
 be worth while to achieve a party triumph ; but this was quite another scene. He 
 would therefore venture once more to move to lay the resolution and amendment 
 on tile table with a view to take up tiiat drawn up by Dr. Nott. 
 
 Dr. Nott said, that the state of his health was such that he had not intended to 
 say a word, nor had he expected that his name v^ould be mentioned as having drawn 
 up the paper which had been offered. He had prepared it under the impression that 
 it would be a great blessing could tlie Convention unite and adjourn in a state of 
 entire unanimity. When he perceived that there prevailed a. division of sentiment 
 in the body he silently prepared the draft of a resolution in the hope of giving har- 
 mony to its action. He had understood that the late venerable President of the 
 Convention had expressed tlie opinion that the resolution as at first presented went 
 rather too far, and suggested a doubt as to the correctness of th<? facts on which it 
 proceeded. Dr. N. felt reluctant that the Convention should put forth to the world 
 what might not, on examination, be found to be true, viz. that both Houses of Con- 
 gress had violated the Sabbath witiiout necessity. He was aware that the language 
 of love was always attended witii more power than that of rebuke, and he believed 
 that the latter, especially when proceeding from a body divided in opinion, was likely 
 to be attended with no good efl'oct. He would therefore express a humble hope that, 
 unless the Convention could act with unanimity, "it would forbear to act at all. If 
 they determined to pass any resolution on the subject, let them at least exercise cau- 
 tion Dot to be convicted of error in point of fact. Possibly the body whom it was 
 
56 
 
 desired to censure was not now in being. Besides, he did not think it the appropri-ate 
 duty of this assemblage to sit in judgment upon any body : but rather to efliect such 
 a concentration of opinion as should reach with effect the halls of legislation. As a 
 body of professed Christians, unless they should be well united, they had better pass 
 no resolution at all. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Stockton, of Philadelphia, tl>en took the 6oor. He had been well 
 pleased with many of the sentiments and not less with the general spirit of the Conven- 
 tion. But there was one tiling he had witnessed which deserved a passing allusion. It 
 seemed to be thought, in some quarters of the house, that olher members of the body 
 were afraid honestly to express tlieir sentiments. It had been announced by some gen- 
 tlemen in reply that they were influenced by no such feeling ; and he had no doubt the 
 same disclaimer might with great truth be made by all. Neither minister nor layman 
 here present would, he was very sure, hesitate one moment, when duty called, to say 
 to the Speaker of the House, or to the President of tl>e Senate, or to the President 
 of the United States lirmseH", seated, tho' he might be, in the midst of the Executive 
 mansion, "Thou art the man." But why were they not afraid to do thisi was it 
 because, like the men of the world, they fostered in their bosoms that mere animal 
 courage which prompted its possessor to deeds of ciuelty and blood 1 nay, nay, nay, 
 he trusted that no such spirit was to be found within these waHs. The boldness 
 which swelled a christian's breast was high, holy, heavenly. It was the boldness of 
 those who being " inade perfect in lote," knew no fear of aught upon the earth, or 
 in the universe. It would meet death without dismay: it would hover even in the 
 dim clouds which overhang the mouth of hell, without alarm. It would be fearless 
 amid all the solemnities of the judgment: — " because, as lie is, so arc we in this 
 world," He, tlio God of love in heaven, wc, the creatures of love upon the earth. 
 Christianity knew neither high nor low : in her presence nothing was high, notliing 
 low. Like the sun in tho Ireight of heaven, which shone alike upon the snow clad 
 pinnacles of the Alps in their grandeur, and upon the placid lake whose faint ripple 
 died upon the sand at their feet, heaven-born and iieaven-descended, to her, all 
 earthly inequalities were as nothing, and less than nothing, and vanity. He saw 
 great force rn the remark made by the venerable author of the pending resolution, 
 (Dr. Nott,) and which was followed up with so much effect by one of the Secreta- 
 ries of the Convention, (Mr. Denny,) that there was much power in unanimity. 
 Penetrated willi a conviction of this truth, he had been encouraged to submit, in yet 
 one more form, a resolution which he hoped might embody sentiments in which all 
 could urfite. It had been written especially with a view to strengliien the hands of 
 those men in Congress who had taken a stand in behalf of the sanctity of the Sabbath 
 day : it was couched in terms neither of regret nor censure, but of commendation. 
 
 Mr. S. tlicn read the following: 
 
 Resolved^ That this Convention hereby respect fully tenders, to 
 such members of Congress as iiave attempted to prevent the dese- 
 cration of the Lord's day by the unnecessary extension of legisla- 
 tive action into sacred time, its unanimous commendation ; and fur- 
 ther expresses the hope that similar ellbrts hereafter will be sus- 
 tained by a majority of their jionorable body. 
 
 Dr. Eddy thereupon moved that the resolution now pending be 
 laid on the table, with a view lo the unanimous adoj)tion of that 
 which had just been submitted. 
 
 Dr. }k)artiman said he would j)revent the necessity of that motion 
 by most cordially adopting the resolution as a modification of his 
 own. 
 
67 
 
 The question was then put, and the resolution moved by Mr. 
 Stockton was adopted unanimously. 
 
 The following report was then read and adopted and the Com- 
 mittee discharged. 
 
 "The Committee on Enrollment have fulfilled the duty assigned them, 
 and have registered the names of six hundred and eighty-five delegates 
 out of the city of Baltimore. In consequence of not being able in all 
 cases to ascertain the precise number of each delegation in attendance 
 in the Convention, the committee think that the number present should 
 be estimated at about six hundred. 
 
 "Tlie number of delegates from the city of Baltimore is eleven hun- 
 dred and eleven, most of whom have been in attendance some portion 
 of th© time during the sittings of the Convention. 
 
 RECAPrrULATION. 
 
 Delegates out of the city of Baltimore, say - - 600 
 Delegates from the city of Baltimore, - - 1,111 
 
 Total, *1,711 
 
 "The Committee would further state, that the delegations comprise 
 representatives from eleven different States, and the District of Colum- 
 bia. FIELDER ISRAEL, Chairmanr 
 
 Baltimore, November 28fh, 1844. 
 
 Di\ Eddy moved a vote of thanks from the Convention to those 
 proprietors of steam boats and rail cars who had furnished such 
 liberal facilities to members in reaching the place of the Conven- 
 tion 
 
 The resolution was agreed to. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Danforth, moved that the thanks of the Convention be 
 given to the Hon. Judge Hall for the able and impartial manner in 
 which he had performed the duties of the chair. 
 
 The question was put by Dr. Nott and carried. 
 
 The Convention then adjourned sine die. 
 
 The session was closed with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Stockton. 
 
 r.T; G. HAMNER, 
 B. KURTZ, 
 Committee of Finance and Pxiblicatioh. { FIELDER ISRAEL, 
 
 I CHAS. W. RIDGELY, 
 [r. G. ARMSTRONG. 
 
 * The apparent number is ratlier greater : but an allowance for those twice dele- 
 gated will reduce it to very nearly the number given above. 
 
 Jfote by Committee of Publication, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 It will be recollected that tlie Committee of Correspondence of the Baltimore 
 Sabbath Association, for the purpose of obtaining accurate information as to the ex- 
 tent to which the Sabbath day was observed or desecratcdjn the United States, for tlie 
 use of the National Convention, addressed the following Circular to prominent 
 gentlemen in almost every State in the Union : 
 
 1. What Railroads or Canals, stages or steamboat lines are in operation in the 
 State or section of country in which you reside 1 What is their extent? 
 
 2. Are they used upon the Sabbath for the carriage either of passengers or 
 merchandize ? 
 
 3. If so, what ratio does the Sabbath travel and transportation bear to that of the 
 other days of Uie week 1 and what are the relative receipts? 
 
 4. Is the transportation of the mail assigned as a prominent reason for the Sabbath 
 use of any of these modes of conveyance ? 
 
 6. Do the proprietors deem their employment on the Sabbath to be profitable in a 
 pecuniary view 1 
 
 6. Are the proprietors willing or unwilling to discontinue Sabbath travel on their 
 lines? 
 
 7. What are the sentiments of those employed on these routes, touching the sus- 
 pension of Sabbath labor ? 
 
 8. Has the carriage either of passengers or merchandize on the Sabbath been dis- 
 continued on any of these routes? If so, to what extent? And what have been the 
 consequences, Ist, in reference to the morals of those employed ; 2d, in reference to 
 the pecuniary results? 
 
 9. What is the present state of public sentiment in your vicinity, in respect to the 
 observance of the Lord's day, compared with that of former years ? 
 
 10. Have any special efiofts been made to promote its sanctification ? and with 
 
 what success ? 
 
 r^ ■„ r n 1 f CHAS. W. RIDGELY, 
 
 Committee of Corresjwndcnce, > .. yy j,, cAU'ri.^u 
 
 Baltimore Sabbath Association, /wMCiFO RM'fV' 
 Baltimore, Sept. 24th, 1844. 
 
 The response wliich this Circular elicited was not so general as was desired : yet 
 much information was accumulated and laid before the Convention.- 
 
 Commnnicalions were leceived from 30 distinct sources, all casting light upon the 
 Bubjoct-maltors of the interrogatories. They wete found too extensive for pul)lica- 
 tion entire among the. proceedings, and were referred by the Connnittcc of Publica- 
 tion, to the undersigned to prepare an abstract 
 
 A portioTi of these letters, having come to hand before the silling of the Conven- 
 tion, were referred to a committee, con.sisling of Bishop Waugh, Dr. Edwards, and 
 
59 
 
 ■Rev. Mr. Powell; wlio submitted the following report, which was read to the Con- 
 vention : 
 
 " The Executive Committee of the Baltimore Society for promoting the observance 
 of the Lord's day, among other objects adopted for tiie accomplishment of this im- 
 portant purpose, addressed to sundry persons, residing in various sections of the 
 Country, a circular propounding certain questions requesting information in regard 
 to statistics connected with the Sabbath question. They regret that a few answers 
 only have been received, and most of them of limited range in regard to the in- 
 quiries presented in their Circular. But however limited and imperfect the report 
 may be, they feel bound to offer to tha " National Convention for the promotion of 
 the due observance of tlie Christian Sabbath" assembled in the Ciiy of Baltimore, 
 the information tliey have thus obtained. 
 
 " Letters have been received from the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Dela- 
 ware, Maryland, South Carolina and Ohio, embracing a considerable extent of 
 public highway travelled by means of railroads, stages, steamboats, and canal pac- 
 kets. On most of the routes concerning which they have received information, in 
 addition to the carriage of passengers and merchandize, the United States mail is 
 transported by means of one or other of said modes of conveyance. It is gratifying 
 to learn from this correspondence that there are several routes over which by express 
 stipulation of contract the mail is not carried on the Holy Sabbath. On such routes 
 it is not usual to find either cars or stages occupied in the conveyance of passengers 
 and merchandize on the hallowed day of rest. It is otherwise in regard to steamboats 
 and canal boats. They continue to be extensively used for the conveyance of pas- 
 sengers and merchandiza in violation of Law, Human and Divine. It is, however, 
 but justice to say, (and they record it with mucli pleasure,) that there are some 
 honorable exceptions to this general desecration of the Sabbath among the public 
 carriers of our country. Several of the answers given by correspondents furnish 
 ciieering hope tiiat many of lliis class of enterprising and useful men are not only 
 willing, but desirous to a!)andon the course, hitherto pursued, of keeping their opera- 
 tives and liorses employed to their great detriment by depriving them of that day of 
 rest so kindly assigned to them by their benevolent Creator. The tone of public 
 sentiment is daily becoming more healthy on this subject, and tlie consequence is 
 that Sunday travelling is decreasing ,to such an extent as to abridge materially the 
 pecuniary result which, doubtless has been the leading motive for its continuance. 
 
 "One of those correspondents, writing from Pennsylvania, says, " 1 am a public 
 carrier myself, and am exceedingly an.xious to see tlie time when all our sins on our 
 public works shall be stopped on the Sabbath, for many reasons, first, because it is a 
 violation of the Law of God in transporting goods or passengers on this day: and 
 secondly, it is depriving those who are employed in the work from improving their minds 
 and attending upon tiie preaciied word" — He adds, "from the knowledge I have of some 
 the owners of tiie linos on our public works, they could easily b'e induced to suspend 
 travelling on the Sdbbath, if there should be a proper effort made by those who have 
 taken the subject in hand. But all should come into the measure at one time." 
 He remarks farther, " 1 think it should not be in vain should the Convention make 
 an appeal to our Western meichants and induce them not to patronize any line that 
 will not observe the Sabbalii. There are a large number of merchants who en- 
 courage those lines which lie by on the Sabbath, and I doubt not many hundreds 
 could easily be iinduced to do likewise. All we want on this subject is light." In 
 immediate connexion with this quotation, it may be well to submit a short extract 
 from a letter addressed to the Committee by a gentleman in Ohio. He says, " The 
 Ohio river is an immense tiioroughfare, and is yearly becoming more and more so. 
 Multitudes will pursue their journey on the Sabbatli, so long as the means-arc in their 
 
60 
 
 reach. I believe that it has been satisfactorily ascertained, that a very large portion 
 (more than one half) of the mercantile interest of Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Louisville, 
 and the intermediate ports, is owned or under the control of professing christians. 
 This being the case, when they say that they will ship by Sabbath keeping boats, a 
 necessity will be created for a Sabbath keeping line. Till that is done, I fear that 
 no such line will exist." He adds, " As a merchant I am ready and desirous to 
 come into such an arrangement." 
 
 " It is not a little gratifying'to lay before the National Convention, an extract from 
 a communication of the Agent of the Baltimore Steampacket Company, in which 
 he says, "It is with 'much pleasure I can inform you that the Baltimore Steam- 
 packet Company runs a daily line of Steamboats between Baltimore and Norfolk, 
 leaving each place every day (except Sabbath). That they carry the United States 
 mail for the lower part of Virginia and North Carolina, under the stipulation of not 
 using the Sabbath day — that the Company have prospered under this arrangement."- 
 He adds, " they avoid all labor of officers and crews on the Sabbath day, thereby giv- 
 ing many of them who are pious an opportunity of attending the Lord's sanctuary 
 on that day which he has set apart for his glory." Perhaps it may not be inad- 
 visible to remark, (although it does not grow out of any correspondence, or any 
 other communication than the public prints,) that two steamboat lines between Bal- 
 timore and Philadelphia, both except the Sabbath in their otherwise daily trips. 
 
 " But this communication must be terminated. Before doing tiiis, however, it will 
 be interesting to state, as gathered from the various answers furnished to the Com- 
 mittee's Circular, that the attention of the American community, particularly its 
 religious portion, is becoming much more awakened and enlisted in this vital question, 
 and the hope is most ardently cherished, that the day is not far distant when the due 
 observance of God's holy day sliall be a distinguishing feature in the moral character 
 of the American family. The Committee cannot close this brief reference to their 
 correspondence, without requesting the ear of the National Convention for two com- 
 munications in extenso, which they have received. One is from Mr. W. H. Barn- 
 well, Secretary of the Charleston Society for promoting the due observance of the 
 Lord's day. The other is from the Hon. Willard Hall of Delaware. They are 
 valuable and interesting because of the frank and full reply they furnish to the 
 inquiries which were made in the Circular: and in these respects they may serve as 
 models for subsequent answers to similar inquiries, showing as they do, great care 
 and diligence on the part of their authors in collecting and reporting the information 
 sought to be obtained by the Executive Committee. That of Judge Hall particularly 
 merits attention because it sets forth Laws of Delaware, and tiie firmness of its 
 Magistracy in their enforcement in regard to the Holy Sabbath, in a maimer highly 
 creditable to the State, its officers, and its comnumity, thus affording an example 
 worthy the imitation of the country at large. The Connnittec will add but one 
 more remark ; the entire correspondence i.s at the service of the National Convention 
 should it be desired in greater detail. 
 
 " Most respectfully submitted, 
 
 BEVERLY WAUGII, 
 On behalf of the CommiUee." 
 Baltimore, J^ov. 21lh, 1844. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The only communication which has been received from this State is a letter from 
 J. P. Jackson, Esq., Secretary of the New Jersey Rail Road and Transportation 
 Company. 
 
61 
 
 Office of the New Jersey Rail R.oad and Transport atiok Compant, 
 
 ^Tovtmber 21 ih, 1844, 
 To the President of the J\''ational Lord^s Day Convention now silting at Ballimore ; 
 Dear Sir, — 
 
 In pursuance of my instructions, I transmit to you the annexed Resolution, passed 
 unanimously by our Board of Directors this day. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 JOHN P. JACKSON, 
 Secretary ..Yew; Jersey Rail Road and Transporlalion Company. 
 
 Resolved, That this Company will run no train of cars on the Sabbath, except in 
 connection with the transportation of the mail, as at present ; and that they will run 
 no train on the Sabbath, provided the United States will dispense with the mail ser- 
 vice on that day. 
 
 For the following abstract of many letters from Pennsylvania we are indebted to 
 the Rev. O. S. Powell, General Agent of the Pennsylvania Sabbath Association, 
 who has also furnished the statement in reference to Ohio. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 1st. — There are in this Slate, 551 miles of navigable canals owned by the 
 Stale, and 561 miles belonging to private companies, and about 681 miles of rail 
 road. 
 
 The principal steamboat navigation is on the Delaware and Ohio rivers. 
 
 2nd. None of the rail roads belonging to the State, and few if any of those owned by 
 companies, are used for the transportation of merchandize on the Sabbath. All those 
 belonging to the State, and a pait of those belonging to companies, transport travel- 
 lers on that day. All, or nearly all, the collier roads, amounting to 149 miles, are 
 not used on the Sabbath. Other roads amounting to 219 miles are not used on that 
 day.* Total 368 miles. 
 
 On the main line of the Pennsylvania canal, extending from Columbia to Holli- 
 daysburg, and from Johnstown to Pittsburg, and on the Union canal from Middle- 
 town to Reading, nearly all the transportation boats stop upon the Sabbath. The 
 packets run on that day. 
 
 The united length of these canals is 360 miles. The Conestoga canal, 18 miles in 
 length, is not used upon the Sabbath. 
 
 On nearly all the other canals, especially the most extensive of those owned by 
 companies, the Sabbath is sadly desecrated by the running of boats. 
 
 A few steamboats both on the Ohio and Delaware rivers do not run on that day. 
 The Sabbath is excepted in the running of a very large proportion of the statres in 
 this Slate. 
 
 3rd. The ratio of Sabbath to week-day travel is probably less than one-half, and, 
 on one at least of the most important routes, has been steadily diminishing since the 
 State Convention in May last. 
 
 4lh. Most of the rail road companies that continue to run their cars on t!ie S.ib- 
 bath, assign the carrying of the mail and the rivalship between the different routes 
 as the prevailing reasons. The latter cause prevails Vv'ilh the proprietors of the 
 packets; though the opinion is generally expressed, that, if mails were discontinued 
 on the Sabbath, all would agree to stop. 
 
 *The Philadelphia and Pottsvillc Road, the Sabbath use of which is to be discon- 
 tinued on the tirst of December, is included in tiiis estimate. That portion of the 
 Susquehanna road lying in Maryland, amounting to 36 miles, is not included. 
 
62 
 
 5lh. With the exception of some of the private canal companies, and tlie pioprielors 
 of the sliort rail roads, used for carrying pleasure parties on the Sabbath, the^' do not. 
 
 (Question 6th. See answers 4th and 5th.) 
 
 7th. Almost universally in favor of it, and some of them manifest a deep anxiety 
 on tiie subject. An engineer, in conversation with the General Agent of the Asso- 
 ciation, said, " I have been six years on the rail road ; during this time I have had no 
 Sabbatli. I toould tcHlinglij give six months ivages if Ihe runnivg of the cars could be 
 slopped on that Jni/." A lock tender, who at first treated a missionaiy of the Asso- 
 ciation coolly, when he learned that one object of his mission was to induce all who 
 were engaged on the canal to rest on the Sabbath, raised both hands and exclaimed, 
 " God grant that you may succeed." An orphan driver boj' said to tlie General 
 Agent, " We do not know when Sunday comes. Its very hard Sir, to work as wo 
 do here." 
 
 8th. Tfie change has been highly beneficial to those emplo3'ed, especially t'.ie boat- 
 men. Crime, according to the testimony of experienced judges of criminal courts, 
 has greatly diminished among them — the Bible is found in almost every boat — many 
 of the boatmen attend public worship where they stop to spend the Sabbath — not a 
 few have, within the last two years, united with the various evangelical churches, 
 and adorn the professions they have made. 
 
 The proprietors of those lines, that have discontinued Sabbath labor, are highly 
 pleased with the arrangement in every respect, and although those who first adopted 
 the measure suffered some little loss in the commencement, yet on the whole it is 
 believed they iiave done as well as any of their neighbors. 
 
 9lh and 10th. The Pittsburg Sabbath Association is one of the oldest in the United 
 States, and has exerted a beneficial influence in that city and its vicinity. The Phila- 
 delphia Sabbath Association was formed in October, 1841. Through the labors of 
 their Agent and missionaries, bil)lcs, testaments, and tracts, have been placed in the 
 hands of boatmen, travellers and immignints. 
 
 Associations have been formed in numerous cities and towns, by which the influ- 
 ence of the pulpit, and of the press, both secular and religious, has been more fully 
 exerted in favor of this cause, than in any former period in the hislor}' of the State. 
 Tracts have, in various ways, been circulated, showing the utility, as well as the 
 duty of the Sabbath rest. These have arrested the attention, and produced a salu- 
 tary conviction in the minds of business men, as well as in the various classes of 
 laboring men. One highly interesting and numerously attended Slate Convention 
 has been held, and more recently six county Conventions, at which systematic efforts 
 were made to have the efforts which have been so successfully made in the large 
 towns extended to every neighborhood in the respective counties. As these county 
 meetings can be assembled with but little expense of time or mone}', it is highly de- 
 sirable they should be held in all parts of the State, and we would ardently hope, 
 that the time is not far distant, when all the people of tliis great commonwealth shall 
 be convinced of the unspeakable benefits of a sanctified Sabbath — when a good Sab- 
 bath manual shall be found in every family — and the youth especially impressed with 
 the conviction, that neither their own nor their country's prosperity can be secured, 
 or perpetuated, unless this holy day is hallowed. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 The following letter is the only one received from Delaware: for this reason, and 
 because it abounds with matter of general interest, it is inserted entire. 
 
 t^nsxcers to queries proposed by the Comtuiltee of Coii'esjjondence of the Baltimore 
 
 Sabbath ^Association in their Circular of Sept. 24lh, 1 844. 
 1. There are in operation in this State, the Philadelphia, 'Wilmington and IJalti- 
 tnore Rail Road, the Newcastle and Frenchtown I'uriipike and Rail Road, a line of 
 
63 
 
 steamboats between Wilmington and Philadelphia, running daily, and in the Sum- 
 mer and [)art of the Spring and Fall, three times a day, a line of steamboats between 
 Salem, New Jersey, and Philadelpliia, touching daily at Delaware city and Newcas- 
 tle in this State, a daily line of Stages from Wilmington to Milford, and thence three 
 times a week down the peninsula to its extreme point, and the Chesapeake and Del- 
 aware Canal. 
 
 2. Neither of these means of conmiunication is used upon the Sabbath for tho 
 carriage either of passengeis or merchandise, except the Philadelphia, Wilmington 
 and Baltimore Rail Road, and except also that boats laden with perishable articles 
 (such as fish and oysters) are allowed to pass the Canal on Sabbath; which rarely 
 happens. 
 
 3. There is no carriage of merchandise on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Bal- 
 timore Rail Road on the Sabbath; and the ratio of passengers, the agent informs 
 me, is not one tenth of what it averages on week-days. 
 
 4. The transportation of the mail is the prominent, indeed it is obviously the only 
 reason for the use of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail Road on the 
 Sabbath. On week- days the mail line on this road leaves Philadelphia at 8 o'clock, 
 A. M., or earlier, and passes through Wilmington at 10 o'clock, A. M., or earlier, 
 and the line that leaves Baltimore in the morning passes through Wilmington from 1 
 to 2 o'clock, P. M. On Sabbath the mail line leaves Philadelpliia at 4 o'clock, P. 
 M., passes Wilmington about 6, and leaves Baltimore about 7 P. M., and passes 
 Wilmington about ) 1 P. M. No other line is run on Sabbath on this road ihan this 
 mail line : these hours are not accommodated to passengers: they entirely avoid ex- 
 cursions from Philadelphia to Wilmington, and the reverse, which would, if favored, 
 be a most abundant occasion of Sabbath desecration. There is on this rail road, on 
 week-days, an accommodation line between Wilmingtcm and Philadelphia, once a 
 day, and for part of the season oftener : this is not run on Sabbath. 
 
 6 and 6. 1 can give no other answer, than my inference from the preceding state- 
 ment : this will be obvious to any one. 
 
 8. All these lines of communication have formerly been used on tlio Sabbath, the 
 same as on other days without distinction : excepting from this assertion the line of 
 steamboats between Salem and Philadelphia, concerning which in connexion with 
 this matter I have no knowledge. 
 
 A law of this State passed in 1795, prohibits, under penalty of ^4, worldly em- 
 ployment, labor and business on the Sabbath, except works of necessity and charity, 
 and gives to Justices of the Peacfe cognizance of the offence. By enforcing this law 
 upon the Newcastle and Frenchtown Turnpike and Rail Road, five years or more 
 ago, the Sabbath use of that road was stopped, and has continued so till this time, 
 except for carriage of mail when it may have passed on that line. By enforcing the 
 same law upon the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, the Sabbath use of the canal 
 was stopped about 18 months ago, and continues so, as before mentioned. There 
 are regular daily lines of .boats tiirough the canal, for conveyance both of passengers 
 and freight ; but they rest on the Sabbath. Coasting vessels passing through the 
 canal do not pass on the Sabbath ; captains and crews not unfrequently are seen in 
 the house of worship. Last year there being two lines of steamboats and tiie rail 
 road cars, between this place and Philadelphia, in opposition, fare was reduced to 12i 
 cents. An excursion to this place was an inviting Sunday recreation to very numei-- 
 ous persons in Philadelphia ; the steamboats and cars running on the Sabbath as on 
 other days. The Mayor was applied to, requesting him to enforce this law of the 
 State against the captains and crews of the steamboats. He complied ; and they 
 finding that he was determined to enforce the law, submitted ; and since June of last 
 year, the Sabbath here has been preserved from the use of steamboats, and accommo- 
 dation cars on the rail road. 
 
64 
 
 There was opposition in all these cases to the enforcing of our law. It 3'ielded to 
 the firmness of the magistrates; and public opinion has sustained them. 
 
 There were persons in Wilmington much opposed to the stopping of the steam- 
 boats on Sabbath. They endeavored to evade the effect, by procuring a change of 
 the hour of arrival of the Pliiladeipliia mail on the Sabbath, so that instead of arriv- 
 ing at 6 o'clock, P. M., it should arrive at the same hour on Sabbath as on week- 
 days, viz., 10 A. M. The mail from Baltimore then arrived here about 1 o'clock, 
 P. M. If the change could be procured, the cars of the mail line would leave Phila- 
 delphia about 8 o'clock, A. M., and might bring all persons desirous of such Sunday 
 recreation, who after continuing here from 10 to 1, could return in the mail line 
 from Baltimore. We understood a petition for this change was preferred to the Post- 
 master General : a remonstrance staling the facts, was prepared, and very numerous- 
 ly signed by our people, shewing a decisive public sentiment in favor of preserving 
 the Sabbath from this kind of desecration. 
 
 The line of stages is not used on the Sabbath; this use ceased on the regulations 
 of the post office department not requiring the conveyance of the mail on that day 
 upon this line. 
 
 It IS believed, that public sentiment in this place and neighborhood, is decisively 
 against the profanation of the Sabbath. It is believed, tiiat this would have been the 
 case in former years, when the Sabbath was generally desecrated by the running of 
 stages, steamboats, &c., if there had been a call upon the public, so that they would 
 have made up their opinions upon the subject. 
 
 Would not the enforcement of state laws prohibiting worldly employment, labor 
 and business on the Sabbath, upon canals and rail roads in other states, produce the 
 same effect there as herel Jt would have been tlie common opinion in this state, pre- 
 vious to tlie actual execution of our Sabbath law and to the consequences upon it, 
 that what has in fact taken place could not be accomplished. Is there a state in the 
 union with a law prohibiting worldly business on the Sabbath, whose Legislature 
 would repeal iti Would they not shrink from such an act as the positive repeal of 
 such a law? Every community has a right to have its laws faithfully executed: 
 the magistracy is provided for insuring to them this right : a faithful and firm magis- 
 tracy will always be sustained in executing the laws. 
 
 9. It is believed, that public sentiment is growing upon the subject of Sabbath ob- 
 servance. 
 
 10. There was a Sabbath Convention at Delaware city about the first of last Jan- 
 uary. The weather was unfavorable, the roads bad, and the attendance small. It is 
 said the influence was good : how extensive I cannot learn. 
 
 Several years ago, when petitions were presented to Congress against Sabbath 
 mails, the subject was elaborately discussed in the newspapers of this place. The re- 
 sult has been, as I believe, very useful. At the time the entire community, with 
 rare exceptions, seemed against us. There is certainly change. 
 
 WILLARD HALL. 
 
 Wilminston, Del, Oct. ISlh, 1S44. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 1st and 2nd. The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, extending wci-lwardly to Cum- 
 berland, 180^ miles, runs one passenger and mail train each way on the Sabbath. A 
 branch extends 40 miles to Washington, D. C, on which the mail and passenger 
 cars pass twice, each way, on the Sabbath. The Philadcl|)hia and Baltimore Rail 
 Road, 100 miles long, conveys the mail and passengers once each way on the Sabbath. 
 Neither of these lines conveys merchandize on the Sabbath, with perhaps some rare 
 exceptions. 'J'he Baltimore and Susqucliarnia Rail Road extends 3G miles to the Penn- 
 sylvania State line, awd connects with other roads extending through Yoik to 
 
65 
 
 Wrightsviile, a distance in all of 10 miles. " Tiiese roads have never been used," 
 says Mr. Hollins, the Secretary of the Baltimore and Susqueiianna Rail Road, "for 
 the transportation of merchandise on tiie Sabbath. Tlie passenger trains run on tliat 
 day, from tiie opening of these roads until April, 1841, when they were stopped." 
 
 The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 134 miles in length from Dam No 6 to George- 
 town, D. C, with a branch 1 miles long to Alexandria, D. C, conveys no passen- 
 gers. The freight boats use it all days alike. The same facts are true in reference 
 to the Tide Water Canal. 
 
 In the season of navigation there are a number of steamboat lines to Philadelphia, 
 Xoifolk and many points in the State of Maryland. None of these boats start on 
 the Sabbath ; it is thought one or two of them run on Sabbath morning several houra 
 to reacli their destination. It is believed that every stage line in the State lies by on 
 Sabbath, excepting those between Baltimore and Washington, and the Eastern Shore 
 mail line. 
 
 Srd. It will be seen by a former statement, that the ratio of passenger travel on tlie 
 Baltimore and Philadelphia Rail Road on the Sabbath, is far inferior to what it 
 averages on other days. On the Susquehanna " the receipts formerly for way travel 
 were in excess: subsequently, the receipts were less than on other days. Since the 
 closing of the road on Sunday, there has been an evident increase on Saturdays and 
 Mondays." The relative ratio for the Baltimore and Ohio and Baltimore and Wash- 
 ington Rail Roads has not been ascertained. But the amount of travel on the for- 
 mer must be considerably less, as a number of passenger and burden trains run each 
 way, during the week, and but one on the Sabbath, which is restricted to passengers 
 and the mail. The cars are not so well filled on the Sabbath as on other daj's. 
 
 4th. Were it not for the mail, it is thought that none of these rail roads would 
 desecrate the Sabbath. " On the Susquehanna Rail Road, the running of care on 
 the Sabbath was suspended soon after the Postmaster General reduced the trans- 
 portation of the mail to six days and the pay one-seventh." 
 
 5tli, Gth and Tth. No definite information. 
 
 8th. The Secretary of the Susquehanna Rail Road Company states, " It has been 
 the aim of the Company to select sober and industrious persons, intemperance always 
 causing immediate dismissal, and in the second place, I am informed that there has 
 been an evident improvement in the morals of the persons engaged on the road. 
 
 " In reference to the pecuniary results, it is impossible to give an estimate. There 
 is a saving in the wear and tare of the machinery, cars and road, but no7ie* in the 
 wages, for in closing the road on the Sabbath, the wages of those relieved from their 
 duties were not reduced. It is probable some slight loss may occur in the u'dy, but 
 none in the through travel. 
 
 " In my opinion the additional receipts the Company might derive from running on 
 the Sabbath would not equal the amount now saved in fuel and wear and tare of the 
 road and machinery, and 1 therefore believe that, on the whole, the Company sustains 
 no loss whatever by not running tlieir cars on that day." 
 
 9th. A very favorable change is evident in the sense of the community respecting 
 the sanctity of the Lord's day. This is evident from tbe perusal of tiie advertise- 
 ments of the rail road and steamboat companies ; in all of which, with one exception, 
 there is a cessation, in whole or part, of work on that day. " On the Tide Water 
 Canal, there has been a gradual decrease of transportation on that day since the 
 opening of it five years ago. And there appears to be a general wish, on the part of 
 the boatmen to discontinue it." 
 
 •Men who work seven days in the week, it will bo observed, get no more wages 
 than if they worked six. 
 
66 
 
 In Baltimore county the Jime-burners have in general ceased to fire tlieir kilns 
 on Friday or Saturday, as was the custom some years since. 
 
 lOlh. Special efforts have been made in various ways to promote the sanctification 
 of the day. The pulpit lias to an unusual extent enforced its observance upon the 
 consciences of the people. A Sabbath Association has been formed in Baltimore; 
 which has gotten up a State Convention, in which Delaware and the District of 
 Columbia participated ; held several public meetings; j)rocured the delivery of sundry 
 discourses or lectures, and many sermons, and arranged for the delivery of a course of 
 lectures on tlie subject by the President of the Association ; sustained a monthly con- 
 cert of prayer ; availed itself of the medium of the newspapers, religious and secular, 
 in circulating facts bearing upon tiie cause; distributed many tracts on the subject; 
 has now in course of publication a very interesting appeal to the Legal Profession, 
 by Judge Hall, of Delaware, containing a lucid exposition of tlie scriptural sanction 
 and varied personal blessings of the Sabbath ; has procured memorials very numer- 
 ously signed, urging the rail road companies to discontirrue the running of passenger 
 and burden cars on the Sabbath, &c. &c. A Branch Association has been formed for 
 Baltimore County, and others are expected to follow. Much good is expected to be 
 accomplished in the present year. The effect of the late Is'atiunal Convention has 
 been salutary beyond our exj)eclations. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 From a letter addressed to us by W. T. Compton, Esq. of Georgetown, containing 
 information concerning the Cliesapeake and Ohio Canal inserted under the head of 
 Maryland, we extract the following paragraph, which merits profound consideration. 
 " There have been no special efforts made to promote the sanctification of the Sab- 
 bath, except by those connected with our Sabbath Schools. 
 
 " I believe these to be the n.urseries of those pure principles which are calculated to 
 produce the permanent moral revolution which is now sought. How important, 
 then, that they sliould be duly fostered by all classes of the community. Parents 
 and others should take more interest in these institutions. Let every child of 
 suitable age be brought into the " Sabbath School ;" lot the superintendents and 
 teachers be pious intelligent persons ; let them realize their responsibility to their 
 people and their God, and then many would look for the day- when, from one end 
 of liiis highly favored land to the other, the Sabbatli will be sanctified to the service 
 of tlic Lord." 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 The following information is derived from Rov. \V. H. Carnwell, Corresponding 
 Secretary of the Charleston Sabbatli Ai^sociation. 
 
 1st. '{'here is but one rail road in this State. The South Carolina Rail Road, be- 
 longing to a Company bearing the same name — in which the Slate is a very largo 
 stockholder. It reaches from Charleston to Hamburg on tlie Savannah river, a 
 distance of 136 miles. One of its branches runs to- Columbia, the cajiital of the 
 Stale, a distance of about 6S miles. 
 
 There is but one Canal about 30 miles in longlii — called the Santee Canal, and 
 owned by a company bear^ig the same name. 
 
 678 miles of stage routes cross the State in various directions, and extend a few 
 miles into North Carolina and Georgia. 
 
 Four steamboats run daily between this city and Wilmington, North Carolina, 
 carrying the mail. Four run every other day between this port and Savannah. — 
 Two of them do not run on the Sabbath — the others do,^accordiiig to circumstances. 
 One boat runs from this port to Ceorgetown in this Stale, on all days of the weeks. 
 Three other boats run into the interior, on all days of the week. Two boats run to Sul- 
 livan's Island, a summer retreat in our harbor, every day duiing the summer months. 
 
67 
 
 2nd. Most of these modes of conveyance, it will have been already sliown, are 
 used on tlie Sabbatli as on otlier days. 
 
 3d. There is reason to fear llial liiere is little or no difference between the ratio of 
 the Sabbath travel and transportation and tiiat of other days, and tliat receipts are 
 about the same. 
 
 4th. Tiie transportation of tlie mail is assigned by the South Carolina Rail Road 
 Ciinipany as a prominent reason tor the Sabbath use of their engines and operatives. 
 Until they took the mail contract, there was little Sunday work ; and were it not 
 for that contract, there is reason to hope that the regular use of the road on Sunday 
 would cease. 
 
 The steamboat and stage lines which carry the mail offer, we presume, the same 
 reason for their Sabbath travel, as tiie Rail Road Company docs. 
 
 5th. The proprietors of these various modes of conveyajice do generally, so far as 
 we know, deem their employment on the Sabbath profitable ; though some have en- 
 tertained doubts. 
 
 6lh. Two of the Directors of the Rail Road Company, one of them its President, 
 when the contract with the Post Office Department was about to be renewed, two 
 years ago, made the effort to have the Sunday transportation dispensed witli, but 
 were not successful. Many of the Directors individually avow a wish to have the 
 Sunday work discontinued if possible. 
 
 Tth. The operatives on the Rail Road, there is reason to think, would be glad to 
 be relieved of the Sunday work — though our opportunity of knowing tlieir views 
 has been limited. 
 
 8th. At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the South Carolina Rail Road 
 Company two years ago, a resolution was passed, to discontinue starling the freight 
 trains from the depots on Sunday ; but it is believed that since the last annual meet- 
 ing the same course has been pursued as formerly, and that there is no difference ob- 
 served between Sunday and other days. 
 
 9th. We think that there is a perceptible improvement in public senlimant in our 
 community in respect to the observance of the Lord^s day, and we trust it will not 
 be without its influence upon all the public carriers. 
 
 10th. Public attention, and especially that of the religious community has .been 
 specially drawn in various ways, within the last 18 montiis, to tlie importance of a 
 better observance of the Lord's day. A society has been formed consisting of from 
 one to two hundred members. Its meetings have been held once a month, at which 
 addresses bearing upon the subject of the Sabbath have been delivered, with good 
 elfsct as it is hoped, by a number of miiiisters. Some success has we trust attended 
 these efforts. Upon applica.tion to the City Council the Sunday markets wefe abol- 
 ished ; — one of the daily papers has discontinued Sunday work, which example has 
 been followed by others in this section of tiie country. Among other efforts which 
 have been made to promote a belter observance of the Lord's day, the Convention 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church in this Diocese, at its last annual meeting, re- 
 commended to its clergy to preach a sermon on the subject of the Sabbath, on the 
 Sunday preceding the general harvest seas)n. 'i'his was dune in many of tlieir 
 cfiurches. 
 
 Memorials have been from time to time presented to the Directors and Stock- 
 holdcts of tlie Rail Road Company on the subject of their Sabbath work, and one is 
 about to be laid before them at their next meeting. It is also probable that a me- 
 morial will be laid before the Legislature, as the largest stockholder, requesting its 
 interposition to prevent its own laws, respecting the Sabbath, from being violated. 
 
 A convention of the friends of the Sabbath in our State, was called to meet at 
 Columbia, about the beginning of last December. It was not however, owing to 
 peculiar circumstances, as large as had been expected. 
 
68 
 OHIO. 
 
 Besides the steamboat naviVation on Lake Erie and the Ohio river, in which this 
 State is larjTfly interested, lliere are two large canals, one of which is not fully com- 
 pleted connecting- the Ohio river and Lake Erie. A large amount of merchandise, 
 and numerous passengers, are transported by -waggons and stages through the inte- 
 rior. Most of these conveyances run on the Sabbath, though there arc some honor- 
 able exceptions among them all. At Cleveland and Cincinnati, chaplains have been 
 employed among boatmen and sailors, and, during three seasons preceding the pres- 
 ent, missionaries have labored among the boatmen on tiie Ohio canals. One of the 
 happy results of these eftbrts has been to awaken among many of the laborers a 
 strong desire that the inestimable privilege and the inalienable right of resting on the 
 Sabbath may be restored to them. 
 
 In January 1814, a Jarge and interesting Sabbath Convention was held at Columbus. 
 Not less than fifteen Associations have been formed in llie principal cities and towns, 
 to promote the sanctification of the Sabbath. Some at least of these have been ac- 
 tive and efficient. In many of these places a majority of the merchants have signed 
 a memorial requesting those engaged in the transportation of merchandise to discon- 
 tinue all business on the Sabbath. The Rev. Dr. Hoge and P. li. Wilcox, Esq., of 
 Columbus, writing in answer to the circular of the Baltimore As.sociation, remark, 
 " The [)rL'sent state of public sentiment is certainly more favorable. Professing chris- 
 tians appear to be more in earnest in this cause. This we think is true, not only in 
 this city but in the surrounding region, and perhaps throughout the State. Pastors 
 of churches have preached more frequently and more pointedly on this subject — 
 numerous meetings have been held comprising several denominations of christians. 
 Monthly preaching by ministers in rotation [has been instituted] where all the con- 
 gregations have been invited to assemble togetlier." From tiic evident prcfiaredness 
 of the [)ublic mind in this State tlicre is reason to believe that concerted action among 
 the fi lends of tlie Sabbath would be productive of the most important results. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 From Rev. A. Kent, Chas. S. Hempstead, and Geo. Campbell, of Galena, Illinois, 
 
 " There are no rail roads or canals in this vicinity, but there are about twenty regu- 
 lar steamboats which run between, here and St. Louis, and two running northwardly 
 to St. Peters. There are mail stage lines runmng southwardly and castwardly si.\ 
 times a week, and northwardly and westwardly three times. No mail stages leave 
 here on Sundays, nor do any arrive on that day with one exception. 
 
 " The steamboats are used for carrying merchandise and passengers on Sundays. It 
 may be observed that there are no exclusive passenger boats in this trade, and in con- 
 sequence of the difficulty of navigation they cannot make regular trips. Steamboats 
 do not unload their cargoes at this place on the Sabbath. By an ordinance of the 
 City Council, no dray or cart is allowed to haul on the Lord's day. Lead is some- 
 times shipped on Sundays but not so often this year as last. 
 
 " Tliere has been, for the last five years, a decided and growing improvement in 
 keeping the Sabbalh. We do not know one, of about fifty smelling furnaces in the 
 mining country, that does not stop on Sunday. We believe that the miners, without 
 exception, abstain from working their mines on the Lord's day. In our city all places 
 of business are closed, and to a great extent our citizens attend some place of public 
 worship. 
 
 " Tliero has been considcralile individual effort, and some by bodies of piofessing 
 christians, with much cfl'ect and beneficial results. The success attending those efibrls 
 is manliest in the establishment of churches in nearly every village in the mining 
 country and the increased quietness and better observance of the Sabbath in our own 
 city." 
 
DELEGATES IN ATTENDANCE 
 
 AT THE 
 
 NATIONAL LORD'S DAY CONVENTION. 
 
 IMAINE. 
 dumherland County. — Rev. Joseph Stockbridge. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Hon. John Quincy Adams, (delegated by 1st Presbyterian Church, Washington, D. C.) 
 
 ^meiican and Foreign Sahbalh Union, Bosion.— Rev. Justin Edwards, D. D., Scc^ry. 
 
 J^orUittinplon. — L. H. Parsons. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Shernum. — Rev. E. Whitney. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Dunkirk. — Rev. Timothy Stillman. 
 
 Scheneclady. — Rev. Eliphalet Nott, D. D- 
 
 Ilhica.—T. S. Williams. 
 
 Kew York City — Rev. Austin Dickinson, Francis Hall-, Esq., Clias. Parker. 
 
 First Methodist Protestant Church, M Y. City. — Rev. Frederick Stier. 
 
 Association of Friends of Law and the Sabbath, Williamsburg, Long Island. 
 
 Seventh day Baptist General Conference at Ver.ona.—Rev. N. V. Hull, Rev. T. B. Brown. 
 
 First Congreg. Church, Syracuse, Onandago Co. — Orrin Caridee, J. B. Huntingdon. 
 
 Rockland County. — Rev. J. Dewing. 
 
 Chenango County.— J. R. Chamberlin. 
 
 Delaware County. — E. W. Smith. 
 
 Presbyterian Church, Buffalo, Erie County.— Rev. N. T. Hopkins. 
 
 Clarence, J^iagara County — N. E. Hill. 
 
 Rochester, Monroe County. — James K. Livingston, Jared Peck. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Pnnceton. — James H. Davis, James S. Green. 
 
 Princeton Theological Stminanj. — M. A. Hoge, Geo. A. Bowman. 
 
 JS'eio Brunswick. — Rev. Jacob Janeway, D. D. 
 
 Mwark. — Rev. A. D. Eddy, D. D., Wm. Rankin, Esq. 
 
 Perth Jmboy. — Dr. Solomon Andrews. 
 
 Shiloh, Cumberland County.— J. B. Davis, J. D. Fitswortli. _ 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Synod of Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. John T. A. Henderson, of Unionlovvn, James W. Buchanan, Esq., of Pittsburg, 
 
 James W. Hailraan, of Pittsburg. 
 
70 
 
 Mams County, Fotmlain Dale Lutheran Covgregalion. — Joseph Baugber. 
 
 Gettysburg. — Rev. E. V. Gccliart, Rev. James Watson. 
 
 Pittsburg, MUghany County. — Rev. Thomas P. Gordon. Rev. J. Eken. 
 
 Pittsbtirg Sabbath ..Association. 
 
 Rev. Dr. A. D. Campbell, Rev. David R. Kerr, Hon. Harmar Denny, 
 
 Wni. Murphy, J. D. Williams. 
 
 First Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg. — Rev. A. M. Bryan. 
 
 Carbon County. — Rev. R. Webster. 
 
 Chester County. — Rev. G. Morrison, J. M. Thomson, B. J. Miller. 
 
 Chester Coxiuty Sabbath Association. — Francis Parke, Tliomas H. Gardner. 
 
 Octorara. 
 
 Rev. J. Latta, D. D., M. Armstrong, W. Latta, M. D., D.'J. Bent, W. Stewart. 
 
 . Upper Octorara. — Robert Parke. 
 
 Upper Oxford. — A. McNeil, Esq. 
 
 Lower Oxford. 
 
 Rev. John M. Dickey, Sam'I J. Dickey, Thomas S. Dickey, Thos. Sloan, Es^. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Dickey, Thos. J. Dickey, 
 
 Brandyuine JSlunor. — Rev. J. N. C. Grier, D. D. 
 
 Londonderry. — Rev. Alfred tlamilton. 
 
 London Grove. — William VVilson. 
 
 East Fallowjield. — David Young, Jr. 
 
 Danville, Columbia c«unty. 
 
 Rev. James Ewing, Rev. John Miller, Wm. Montgomery, James C. Sproul- 
 
 Carlisle, Cmnberlatxd County. 
 
 Rev. J. P. Durbin, D. D., Henry Duffield, Charles Ogilby. 
 
 Carlisle Sabbath dissociation.— Rev . George Morris. 
 
 Delaware county, Presbyterian Church, Darby — Dr. Wm. G. Knowles. 
 
 Erie, Erie County. — Rev. George A. Lyon. 
 
 Union Tou-n, Fayette County. 
 
 Rev. C. D. Battel?. Rev 1, T., A. Hpnflprsnn. TTr.o-h R'^Dv. PhiliD Helleu. 
 Lliamberslurg, Franklin County. 
 
 Rev. Robt. Grade,- John Cree, James McDowell, John Kcrtneday. 
 
 Hon. G. Chambers, \^'illiam Heyscr, Daniel Snively, 
 
 Mifflintown, Juniatta County.-^Rev. M. K. Williamson. 
 Lancaster County. — Rev. R. Owens. 
 Columbia, Lancaster County. — Rev. Herman Bokum. 
 Perryville, MJJlin County.— Rev. James Noursc, Dr. Samuel McClay. 
 Geiman Reformed Cliurch,-Mifflinburg. — Rev. E. KcitFcr. 
 Lutheran Church, Union county — Rev. J. Anspach. 
 Mw Berlin, Union county.— Rev. G. W. Thompson, Rev. B. H. Crever. 
 yVorthumberland, Union county. — J. B. Boyd. 
 Sabbath JJssociotioii of H'aiUingten county. 
 Rev. J. M. Hastings, of West Alexandria, Rev. Charles Cooke, of Washington. 
 Youhgsloiun, Westmoreland county. — Rev. Peter Hassinger. 
 York . County. 
 Rev. A. IT. Lochman, P. Smyser, Dr. H. McClellan, Charles Hay, 
 
 ifev. G. Chenowith, S. Small, J. Voglesong, C. A. Morris. 
 
 Rev. Sol. Oswald, M. Bentz, 
 
 Philadelphia county, Ilolmtsburg Baptist Church. 
 Rev. D. S. McGcar, Geo. W. Holme, Amos Corsen, Peter Bender. 
 
71 
 
 City of Philadelphia. 
 Manufacturers and Citizens. — Isaac Macaulay, F. Grice. 
 Sabbath ^Association. 
 J. A. Brown, Esq., C. Heiskell, Miltor, Sinitli, T. T. Mason, 
 
 J. M. Atwood„Esq., Rev. O. S. Powell, Michael Reed, Charles Woodward, 
 
 Matthew T. Miller, .Igent. C. E. Spangler, Joseph Parker, Jr. 
 
 John L. McMuUen, D. C. McCammon, 
 
 Sundaij School Union. — David Weatherly, Esq., John Smart. 
 
 First Baptist Church. — Rev. Geo. B. Ide, David Weatiierly, Esq. 
 
 Tenth Baptist Church. — Jolin Smart, George Swope, Uriah Matthews. 
 
 Eleventh Baptist Church. 
 
 Rev. A. D. Gillette, James Hannegen, Davis Brown, Matthew Brooks. 
 
 First Reformed Dutch Church. 
 C. E. Spangler, Henry A. Bowers, Jacob M. Sellers. 
 
 Third Reformed Dutch Church. 
 John Miller, John L. Linton, Michael Read. 
 
 St. Matthew''s Lutheran Church. — J. Anspach. 
 
 Mariner''s Church. 
 
 Rev. J. S. Taylor, Rev. G. Owen, Theo H. Elliott, John Lilly, Jas.Bankroft. 
 
 St. John''s Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Benjamin Hubbard, James B. Dare, James L. Hines. 
 
 St. PauPs Methodist Episcopal Church. — Rev. John D. Owens. 
 Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. — C. Heiskell, W. Reed, S. D. Prentzel. 
 Union Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. JW McCaskey, Samuel Ashmead, E. J. Yard, Jacob Carrigan, Jr. 
 
 Thomas T. Mason, James J. Boswell, Thos. A. McDonald, Calvin Mason. 
 John B.' Ashmead, William J. Savage, 
 
 Fifth Street Methodist Episcopal Church.' 
 Wm. F. Ireland, John W. Moore, Samuel W. Stockton. 
 
 Eighth Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. James Mills, Joiiii Robinson, Davis N. Sinn. 
 
 Twelfth Street Methodist Episcopal Church. — Edward Small. 
 > First Methodist Protestant Church. — Rev. Thomas H. Stockton. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church. 
 J. A. Brown, Esq , J. M. Atwood, Esq., E. F. Backus, Esq., Thomas Harris. 
 Second Presbyterian Church. — Matthew B. Grier. 
 Third Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev. T. Brainard, Levi Eldridge, James W. Queen, G. M. Cooper, 
 
 Rev. W. A. Mandell, D. C. McCammon, T. Vandyke, Dr. G. H. Bergen. 
 
 John C. Farr, 
 
 Fifth Presbyterian Chttrch. 
 Rev. M. Lakue P. Thompson, Rev. David Malin, Anthony Green. 
 
 Sixth Presbyterian Church. — Rev. John S. McMulIin. 
 Central Presbyterian Church — Rev. John McDowell, D. D., Matthew Newkirk, Esq. 
 
 Central Presbyterian Church, .-Vb. 2. 
 Rev. A. Rood, John Miller, Wm. A. McKec, John A. Warner. 
 
 Milton Reed, Francis Drew, 
 
 Cedar Street Presbyterian Church. — Rev. Wm. Ramsay, John Millegan. 
 Clinton Street Presbyterian Church. — Dr. J. H. Briscoe, L. W. Glenn. 
 
12 
 
 Tenth Presbyterian CImrch. 
 fUv. H. A. Board- Dr. A. W. Mitchell, James Bin</ham, Joseph A. Davidson, 
 
 man, D. D., Dr. R. P. Harris, William Kirk, Robert Earp, 
 
 Paul T.Jones, A W. Slack, Wilham Veitch, Alex. G. Mercer, 
 
 liobert Soulier, Jr., W. L. Mactier, Isaac H. White, 
 
 Eleventh Presbyterian Church. 
 wTr"^', V; 9/^^^' Charles B. Diingan, Dsvid B. Kershaw, James E. Johnston, 
 Wilfred Hall, Robert Cornelius, Capt. T. Woodbury, Isaac Edelnian. 
 
 Julward Sprague, Kobert Glendenning, 
 
 Penn Stjuare Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev. Willis Lord, Rev. Dr. Yeomans, James Dunlap, G. W. Hood. 
 
 Union Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Stewart, Neil McCauley, James Maybin, Thomas Downs. 
 
 Jolui Scott, 
 
 Second .Associate Presbyterian Church. 
 Eev. J. T. Cooper, Joseph R. Dixon, 'I'homas McBride, James Ferguson. 
 
 First Rejlrmed Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Clement McCune, David Ray, George H. Steuart, Hugh A. McKelvy. 
 
 dissociate Reformed Presbyterian Church.— Rt-v. 3. Brown Scouller. 
 
 Scots^ Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. A. Macklin, Arch'd Robeitson, Henry McKecu, Andrew Armstrong. 
 
 St. ^Indretc's Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 Rev J Bi.llock, D D. Charles Emory, T. G. Rutherford, James C. Milnor- 
 
 Joseph Parker, Jr., 
 
 Church of the Epiphany, Pfolestant Episcopal— MiMhcw T. Miller. 
 Grace Church, Protestant Episcopal. — Charles Haesbert. 
 First Presbyterian Church, Southwark. 
 Wm. K. Brooks, Joseph JPrancls, John M. Doman, Michael Leonard". 
 
 • First Presbyterian Church, Mrthern Liberties. 
 William Soby, N. B. Unrnle, Harvey Hand, Jacob Painter. 
 
 Thomas Leitch, Henry Bellerjeau, 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, Manayunk.—Rev. James A. Longmore, D. D. 
 Schwjlkill Boatmen. — Rev. Amos Bingham, JUissionai-y. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Wil7nington. 
 
 Hon. Willard Hall, Rev. J. R. Wynkoop, Alex. Stephens, J. R. Trimble,. 
 
 Wilminglon Presbyterian Church. — Rev. William Hogarth. 
 
 JV>to Castle.— Rev. John B. Spottswood, Jas. Couper, M. D., Capt. R. H. Barr. 
 
 Si. Georg-e's. — Rev. James C. How. 
 
 J^eioark — Thomas D/ Bell. 
 
 Dover. — Rev. Thomas G. Mur[)hy. 
 
 Red Clity Creek. — Mr. Samuel Murphy. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 State Baptist dissociation. 
 Rev. JChapin,DD., Rev. S. P. Hill, Rev. R. Compton, Rov. J. A. McKcan, 
 
 Rev. A. Samson, Rev. J. Aldrich, Rev. G. W. Sameon, Rev. V. Wilson. 
 
 Cumberland, .llUghany county. 
 Rev. W. Prcttyman, Daniel A. McJilton, John W. McNeil, Jacob Wickard. 
 Rov. C. Lepley, 
 
 Jlnne ,ifuudel county, .InnapoUs. — Rev. David Steel. 
 
 Jlnne Jlrundil Circuit, JMetbod'vil Protestant Church. — Rov. Joel Blue. 
 
 Lisbon. — Benjamin Barnes. 
 
13 
 
 Lisbon Presbyterian Church, ' 
 
 Rev. T. J. Slieppard, Edward Snowden, Lewis A. Schaeffer, David E. Hopkins. 
 
 Patapsco Circuit, Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Her. John Bear. Sanj'l Morton, Bcnjaii)in Barnes, McLane Brown, 
 
 Rev. E. E. Allen, Gaorge W. Allen, Thomas H. Hood, Isaac P. Ijams, 
 Rev. J R Derborow, Samuel Bennett, Henry Hood, Anthony Smith, 
 
 Rev. Samuel Gore, Thomas Barnes, Asbury Pedicord, William Hains, 
 Rev. Z. Waters, John Thompson, Nathan Shipley, William Hammond, 
 Dr. .loel Hopkins, Samuel Dorsey, Dr. J. J. Morand, Levin R. Mills, 
 Joshua Frizzell, Cliarles C. Poulton, James Flobbs, George Poe, 
 
 Win. Biiig--,am, John Fisher, Philip Shipley, Thomas Newton, 
 
 Pliilip Gore, Eph. Hobbs, Caleb Shntz, Thomas Barnes. 
 
 M. C. Parsons, 
 
 Union Chapel Mclhodist Protestant Church. 
 Rev. H. F. Zollick- James B. Matthews, John Cook, Lemuel Warfield- 
 
 otier, Basil Crapster, Milton Welch, 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, Howard District. — Thomas Barnes. 
 
 Baltimore county, Mount Paron Presbyterian Church. 
 Samuel J. Baird, Nathaniel Parsons, Dennis B. Clay. 
 
 Warren, Md. 
 J. Thompson, Esq., Rev. G D Hamilton, Charles H. Bland, Richard Pearce, 
 Rev. J. McClay, Rev. S. Yerkes, Charles Jessop, G. Hedrick, 
 
 M. McrryTnan, Esq., Richard Dmnphy, Joshua Hitchcock, J. Hagerty. 
 J. S. Buck, M. D., B. C. Stinchconib, Valentine VV. Cross, 
 
 (Quarries Presbyterian Church. 
 Robert Baker, Samuel Campbell, Alonzo Leland. 
 
 Methodist Protestant Church. — Rev. John H. Kennard. 
 
 Reisterstown Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 w;n:^._ rw. , ^—Wm. Henck, Rev. James Brent, John Buckley. 
 Col. James riper, ' •' 
 
 Stone Chapel, Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. J. L. Gibbons, Rev. Thomas Flint, Rev. S. Cornelius, George Elder. 
 
 Marcella Chapel, Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Samuel Walters, Mr. Stiner, Mr. Stinchcomb. 
 
 Hookstoum Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. Henry Smith, W. W. Watkins, Jacob Grafflin, Caleb Merryman. 
 
 Ridgeville Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Dr. G. S. Grimes, William Dean, Henry Buzzard. 
 
 }Vard''s Chapel, Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Samuel M. Barry, Jacob Woolfe, Jonathan Smith, Reuben Smith, 
 
 Wm. Chamberlain, Larkin Young, 
 
 Hereford. 
 Rev. Thos. H. W. John K. Roe, William Roe, Charles Ogilby^ 
 
 Monroe, Edward Gorsuch, T. Talbott Gorsuch, J. McClay. 
 Rev. G. F. Adams, 
 
 Sykesvilte Presbyterian Church. — William Baer, 
 
 Baltimore City. 
 
 Lord^s Day Jlssociation. 
 The Board. 
 
 Rev. B.Kurtz, D D., Chas. W. Ridwely, Christian Keener, Dr. H. .A. Slinnocke, 
 
 Rev. Bishop VYaugh, Wm. Geo. Baker, John Clark, R. G. Armstrong, 
 
 Capt. Wm. Graham, Rev. J. G. Hamncr, E. Dubois, P. Reigart, 
 
 A. B. Kyle, Wm B. Cantield, Rev. J. A. Collins, D. B Piince, 
 
 Fielder Israel, Dr. W. M. Kemp, Rev. Jona. Aldricli, Alex. M. Carter. 
 
74 
 
 {Other Delegates.) 
 Hon. S. Archer, Rev. F. Waters, D D. Rev. S. Guitteau, William Woodward, 
 Hon. J. Purviance, Rev. James Reid, Rev. Hezekiali Best, William Henry, 
 Hon. Nicholas Brice, Rev. J. S. Mitchell, Rev. S. Williams, Wells Chase, 
 Hon. A. Nisbet, "" " " ~ 
 
 Rev. S. P. Hill, 
 James Wilson, 
 Nelson Clark, 
 
 Rev. R. A. Smith, Samuel Jones, Jr., Robert Taylor. 
 First Baptist Church. 
 
 Henry S. Shyrock, 
 John R. Davis, 
 
 Benj. G. Fry, Stephen Thornton, 
 
 Orson Kellogg, Thomas Maj bury, 
 
 Franklin Wilson, Hamilton S. Salmon, John Ramsay 
 
 First Baptist Church. 
 Rey^O. W. Briggs, John Lewis, Jr., J. Judefind, 
 
 C M. Kcyser, F. A. Levering, James Jone 
 
 A. R. Leveling, Geo. Roche, E. Hubball, 
 
 A. I). Kelly, Jr., C. D. Slingluff, John Hahh, 
 
 D. Chase, A. A. Chapman, J. G. Rous, 
 
 A. W. Pouison, J. W. Mercer, S. Sweet, 
 
 G. W. Norris, W. W. Lavvrason, 
 
 Second Baptist Church. 
 Henry Johnson, Joshua Wood, 
 
 John Laiideiman, 
 John Hanie, 
 William Phillips, 
 James Wood, 
 R. White, 
 
 Rev. J. Healey, 
 G. Waggner, 
 G. Woltt; 
 William Waggner, 
 John Burton, 
 William Johnson, 
 
 Elbert Wolf, 
 R. Berry, 
 T. Stevens, 
 J. Phillips, 
 Martin Peterson, 
 
 Calvert Street Baptist Church. 
 J. A. M'Kean, Geo. W. Lewis, A. Fuller Crane, 
 
 Rev, 
 
 Wm. Crane, 
 A. J. Hampson, 
 
 Tliomas Hinton, 
 J. D. M'Koan, 
 
 Wm. Sinitii, 
 
 John Ma.ion, 
 E. D. Gibson, 
 R. M. Ludlow, 
 G. Irvln, 
 James Lomax, 
 Wm. Fountaine. 
 
 James Harvey, 
 John Cox, 
 John Robinson, 
 John Hulse, 
 N. Atwell, 
 William Wolf. 
 
 John Lyons, 
 Wm. Addison. 
 
 Rev. J. Aldrich, 
 John B. Mood}', 
 
 J-'r^lianTVdsiV 
 James M. Bradley, 
 T. H. Edmonds, 
 G. K. Tyler, 
 
 High Street Baptist Church. 
 
 M. Allen, Norris Montgomery, John F. Helm, 
 
 G. McGre<for 
 . 1 iiris, 
 
 James Tottle, 
 
 Lewis Ray me, 
 
 Adam H. Reister, 
 
 Wm 
 
 S. S. Robinson, 
 
 ■^.'''vV.-V'Var'd;- 
 Wm. Ward, 
 J. B. White, 
 
 w. 
 
 Obadiali 'J'owson, 
 Charles Richards, 
 Charles H. Pepar, 
 Benj. N. Cook. 
 
 Rev. R. Compton, 
 Rev MrHendrickson,VViii.'^Lin(lscy, 
 Peter Potts, Sr., G. McMinii, 
 Samuel Marker, Joseph Bannister 
 Edward Coc.key, Samuel Sands, 
 
 Mulison Street Baptist Church. 
 George (loskiiis, Robert Polts, 
 
 James Gerford, 
 Micajah Skipper, 
 Richard Pryor, 
 
 Alfred Pryor, 
 James Ross, 
 David Noyes, 
 A. Butcher, 
 
 John C. French, 
 W. P. Lemmon, 
 . C. Farquharson, 
 Samuel Sands, 
 Jacob Sanniaiiig, 
 Richard Lemmon, 
 Coniad Sauinanig, 
 
 Fifth Baptist Church.— John W. Ball, James Morrison. 
 J^'orth Street Congregation, Disciples of Christ. 
 Enoch Holt, Stephen Huzza, 
 
 Wm. Joiiiison, James Iliizza, 
 
 James Johii.'ion, John W. Watts, 
 
 J. Dickinson, Huntington Lee, 
 
 Alexander Packie, John Black, 
 Lewis Williams, John Stephens, 
 
 Morris Settler, 
 Wm. Huh, 
 John Bancroft, 
 John Witmore, 
 Matthew Miller, 
 T. Miller, 
 
 Rev. E. Hcincr, 
 P Reigart, 
 G. Decker, 
 S. Sultzer, 
 1). Super, 
 C. Suler, 
 W. H. Ridgely, 
 
 First German Reformed Church. 
 Elios Hale, L. Hewell, 
 
 C. Dirt'ond.-rtfer, Jr., G. Rod.'iimaver, i 
 William Howell,. R. DitreiideriVer, 
 J. Shatl'iier, I\l. Sliaw, 
 
 D. A. IVters, R. F. Muynard, 
 Dr. M. DiiiondcrfFcr. l)i. Davi.s, 
 G.Richstein, ' H. DiMendorffer, 
 
 A. Mathiot, 
 
 ,Col. SlIKlll, 
 
 H. Uh.,<l.-s, 
 Dr. Hiiitze, 
 C. Long, 
 L. C. Miller, 
 ^^ illiam Baker. 
 
75 
 
 Rev. S. Gutelius 
 Jacob Smitli, 
 
 D. Backoy, 
 S. Stonebraker, 
 J. Rodenmayer, 
 H. Snyder, 
 
 F. Dolin, 
 
 Rev. G. Brickley, 
 Sol.G. Miller, 
 J. K. Messersinith, 
 W. Niimsen, 
 W. Feigner, 
 Henry Appel, 
 J. Widener, 
 
 G. Sickel, 
 
 V. Hotfgesang, 
 J. F. Popp, 
 
 Rev. Dr. Morris, 
 
 J. Werdebaugh, 
 
 C. D. Hinks, 
 
 John Reese, 
 
 Jacob Horn, 
 
 C. Hoffinati, 
 
 W. M. Kemp, M. D. 
 
 Second German Reformed Church. 
 Lewis Wcis, Jacob Heinniiller, 
 
 F. Elilslegger, P. Thaten, 
 
 Third German Reformed Church. 
 Jno. Elliott, G. Hoffman, 
 
 Jacob Sidlers, Joiin Smith, 
 
 Enos Bean, Jacob F. Gro«s, 
 
 E. Y. Forney, Henry Snyder, 
 
 Otis Spear, 
 
 German Evangelical Emanuel Chxirch. 
 J. Saumcnig, Godfried Rosvvag, 
 
 M. Liclitenberger, Henry Miller, 
 
 J. Lindonfel.se 
 B. Macker, 
 A. Scheenbly. 
 P. Schadt, 
 Gotlib Medinger, 
 John Wiber, 
 Ludwig Waidener, 
 
 Christian Gerber 
 M. Zulaiif, 
 J. Nunisen, 
 Adam Deash, 
 C. Keil, 
 Bernard Ritter, 
 C. Bribing, 
 
 First English Lutheran Church. 
 F. Woodworth, E. R. Harney, 
 
 F. R. Waesche, Edward Schaeffer, 
 
 G 
 
 T. Nixdorff, 
 S. Hinks, 
 P. Uhler, 
 G. W. Schwartze, 
 M. D., 
 
 F. Seyler, 
 Wm. Armor, 
 David Martin, 
 James Matthews, 
 
 J. M. Keyser, 
 John M. Smith 
 
 J. Snyder,. 
 S. Welchaus, 
 T. S. Bahtz, 
 Frederick Achey, 
 
 J. Haupt, 
 V. Lehn, 
 P. Conrad, 
 F. Herold, 
 H. A. Ritter, 
 Charles Frey, 
 Godlieb Lyter, 
 W. Saiimenig, 
 J. Zizenfulser.. 
 
 Wm. H. Peters, 
 G. Sadtler, 
 J. Harmau, 
 J. Ehrman, 
 J. G. Hewes, 
 F. L. Brauns, 
 
 Second En";lish Lutheran Church. 
 
 Rev. C. P. Krauth, 
 
 Jr., 
 Rev. B. Kurtz, D. D. 
 T. Stow, 
 Wm. Bridges, 
 Joel Wright, 
 John Mahaney, 
 
 Wm. A. VVisono-, 
 C. W. Focke, 
 
 Rev. C. Weyl, 
 Jacob Hoop, 
 C. Herrlich, 
 
 Rev. John Bear, 
 Rev. C. B. Young, 
 Rev. Joiin Lanahan, 
 Rev. J. R. Jarboe, 
 Samuel Boyd, 
 David Bird, 
 Nathan Turner, 
 Benjamin Abbott, 
 
 Wm. Poe, 
 George Martin, 
 John Rock, 
 Mr. Schultz, 
 Mr. Thomas, 
 T. J. Kennard, 
 
 G. B. Dell, 
 G. F. Kauderer, 
 T. M. Abbott, 
 David Irelan, 
 G. A. Davis, 
 W. H. McMahon. 
 
 J. G. C. Alback, 
 Wm. Alvater, 
 S. S. Prince, 
 
 Philip Gosnell, 
 
 James Getty, 
 
 Wm. M. Oldham, 
 
 David Firoved, 
 
 John Clifford, 
 
 J. H. Rogers, 
 
 Adam Kalilor, 
 
 -■- -— ^^11, "■ ' A. Appold', 
 
 J. M. Bande], E. A. Smith, 
 
 Wm. Will, Henry Morry, 
 
 Lutheran Trinity Church. 
 
 F. Holtze, F. Hoffman, PL Lohmiller, 
 Wm. Hunemeyer, J. Lehman, N. Werner, 
 
 G. Dobler, V. Feldeg, 
 
 Caroline Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 John J. Pentz, ^ James L. Smith, Wm. Henchinger, 
 
 Daniel Pentz, Dr. Kinneman, Thomas Hincs" 
 
 Tiiomas Orotherton, William Mason, Nicholas McCubbin, 
 Edvv. S. Lambden, George W. Tucker, Martin W. Mettee, 
 William Hooper, Charles Kimberley, 
 Harry F. Turner, — • • • - 
 John M. Buck, 
 
 Rev. E. Donsey, 
 
 Comfort Tiffany, 
 
 Dr. T. E. Bond, Jr., 
 
 Dr. David Keener, 
 
 Wm. J. Ward, Esq., 
 
 Dr. A. F. Dulin, 
 
 Wm. McCoiikey, Jr. John Hurst, 
 
 Charles Ligram, 
 Henry Pentz, 
 John Hall, 
 William McJilton, 
 
 Charles Street Methodist Episcopal Church 
 William Rogers, James Williams, 
 Joseph C. Wilson, James Cortlan, 
 Jno. Easter, of John Daniel B. Banks, 
 Thomas Cnrner, Isaac Reynolds, 
 James A. Sangston, Alexander Fisiier, 
 John B. Cannon, William G. Lyford, 
 
 Frederick Rawlings, 
 Robert Allison. 
 
 Jacob Wall, 
 
 Charles Rhineliart, 
 Joshua Dryden, 
 G. BroadlK'Ut, 
 William Devrics, 
 Wesley Cowles, 
 E. B. Estes, 
 Thomas M. Arnest, 
 
76 
 
 Dr. C. A. Harris, Geo. E. Sangston, 
 Dr. Isaac B. Owens, Asa Child, 
 
 Job Siiiilli, 
 Dr. E. Noyeg, 
 F. G. Waters, 
 C. R. File, 
 Joshua Rojston, 
 
 Jolin Herr, 
 John D. Toy, 
 Henry W. Hiser, 
 A. B. Davidson, 
 Geornrc L. L. Davi 
 
 George K. Quail, John R. Yates, 
 Rich'd S. Hardesty, W. W. Byrn, 
 Charles R. Gwynn, George Baughman, 
 Edward T. Owens, Sol. Corner, 
 Roi)ert Sinclair, Jr., J. Edward Bird, 
 Josiah Cobb, Thomas P. Williams. 
 
 George W. Arnold, 
 
 Sunday Seliool of Charles Street .Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 William T. Easter, James McConkey, Alfred Cookman, John O. Raid, 
 George \V. Howard, Jay Spurrier, John Howard, Lemuel Stans'bury. 
 
 Joseph C. Tiffany, James C. Fitzgerald, 
 
 Culumbia Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. J. W. Cnllum, James M Lester, 
 Rev. D. M. Reese, John Showacre 
 Joseph Owens, 
 
 Lewis Kalbfus 
 John W. Carter, 
 Conduce Gatch, 
 William Cooper, 
 
 Rev. M. Goheen, 
 Thomas R. Hand, 
 Samuel Hiser, 
 Wniliam Dillam, 
 Levi Hampson, 
 Ralph Brunt, 
 David White, 
 
 Peter Eglebernrr, 
 Joscpli Stewart, 
 Jacob Parish, 
 William Asliton, 
 
 Charles R. Coleman, James CrunoJe, 
 John Shiote, William High, 
 
 Levi Peiry, ~ 
 
 Daniel Ledley, 
 Cornelius H. Cob, 
 John W. Blake, 
 
 Ebinezar Stewart, 
 Alexander Waugh, 
 James Miller, 
 Nicholas D. Ruckle. 
 
 Emory Chapel, Methodist Episcopal. 
 G. J. Zimmerman, William Clemmons, J. Scott, 
 
 George Malloiiee 
 A. V. Cozine, 
 John Sellers, 
 Aaron Hoffman 
 John Burns, 
 
 Mr. Gailher, 
 John R'edifbr, 
 Eli Tucker, 
 W. Dorsey, 
 John Jones, 
 
 Washington Grubb, 
 Jacob Kraft, 
 Christian Abell, 
 John Zimmerman, 
 Joseph Cole. 
 
 Eulaw Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 Rev. Jos. Merrikin, Thomas C. Ruckle, Edward May, 
 Rev. J. S. Mitchell, Joseph Wilkins, L. G. Shipley, 
 
 Rev. W. Stevenson, John W. Berry, John J.andstreet, 
 
 Rev. John H. Mark, John l^oberl Israel, William Warficld, 
 Rev. J. K. Leinmon, David B. Ferguson, Aaron Holt, 
 Fielder Israel, Asbury Caiter, John Shaw, 
 
 Alexander rci.rr.j, l-.c^h Cassell, Jacob Meixsel, 
 
 William K. Orrick, Caleb Pefegoy, joiiu vjtl>.,.,- • 
 
 John Lynch, John E. Reese, Edwin Caldwell, 
 
 Daniel Bender, William H. Mittan, Nicholas L. Wood, 
 
 Exeter Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. Henry Slicer, Joshua Creamer, Wm. Fusselbaugh, 
 Rev. S. Williams, Robert Turner, John Ijams, 
 
 Charles Hogg, David Harryman, 
 
 J. B. Scidcnslricker, Henry Powell, 
 James S. Sutor, Jacob Daley, 
 
 Rev. D. E. Reese, 
 John Pctlierbtidge, 
 Thomas Kelso, 
 John Kelso, 
 
 Thomas Holtzman, 
 Thomas B. Israel, 
 John Brannan, 
 William Wuller, 
 Charles Blake, 
 William T. Preston, 
 William F. Edwards, 
 
 •^ T\' JT7..U,_ 
 
 David Bush. 
 
 Bernard Clark, 
 John Loane, 
 John Welch, 
 Kezin Huslup, 
 Jolm Reany. 
 
 Rev. Amos Smith, 
 Rev. S. V. Blake, 
 Rev. D. McJilton, 
 Eli Smith, 
 Luther Wilson, 
 Matthew Siirote, 
 Richard Younger, 
 
 Fayette Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 John J. Barry, David Carson, James Perogoy, 
 
 James Marley, Cyrus Gault, B. F. Duvall, 
 
 Edward S. Frey, Edward C. Thomas, A. C. Butler, 
 
 H. Durborow, Tiioinas Harvey, Thomas Widerman, 
 
 Charles Shipley, A. J. Barrett, Joseph Oldham, 
 
 John Kirkley, Isaac Mules, David Emmart. 
 William Welsh, 
 
 German Mission of Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. Adam Miller, Ernest Buhre, Lewis Sholl, Henry Weisbrod. 
 
 Harford .Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. Joseph Farrow, Samuel McVay, James F. Pervis, John H. Durand, 
 Sterling Thomas, William Staiishury, George Holland, Joseph Chalmers. 
 William Allen, William Clialmers, 
 
77 
 
 High Sired Mclhodtst Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. I;. F. Morgan, Daniel Goodacre, William Jones, Jr., William Young, Jr., 
 
 Rev. . Fames Reed, Alexander KirUland, John F. Meredith, John King, 
 
 James Hnggerl}', Lloyd IMcJVeal, 
 
 Tiiomas Earrickson, Capt. L. G. Taylor, 
 William E. Hooper, George Saunders, 
 John H. Tucker, Nicholas Robinson. 
 
 Rev. Jolm Sharplcy, Josepli Loane 
 Rev. James Morell, Ezekiel Jones, 
 Daniel Dail, John S. Tough 
 
 Benjamin ]?ond, Henry Bailey, 
 Benjamm Buck, Sr., 
 
 Howard Slreet Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. T. B. Lemon, Tobias Miller, Elisha Carback, George W. Lilley, 
 
 Rev. J. W. Tilyard, Charles Towson, William G. Young, Richard Gees, 
 Charles Hollis, Josepii Coskey, William Curley, Samuel Henderson. 
 
 Jolm Gieen, Henry Moore, Francis Baughman, 
 
 Liglil Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. Bishop Waugh, John G. Chappell, George Appold, 
 Rev. J. A. Collins, George Rogers, Samuel Harris, 
 
 Rev. W. Hamilton, Asbury Jarrett, Samuel Burnett, 
 
 Rev. T. Sevvall, Jr., Rowland Rogers, James Amos, 
 Rev. Joshua W^ells, Robt. M. Loc^kwood, Daniel Hope, 
 Rev. Thos. Bassford, Henry W. Cooke, John Walter, 
 Rev. Isaac P. Cook, Kich'd J. Malchett, John Bruff, 
 Rev. Jolm F. Hey, Richard D. Long, John Armstrong, 
 George Earnest, Elisiia N. Browne, James Coburn, 
 Thomas Armstrong, Samuel Benson, Joseph Tucker, 
 
 James Bi'undige, Josepii N. Lewis, fieo. W. Mow-bray, Samuel S. Addison, 
 John Patterson, Wm. D, Eltonhead, Samuel T. Emory, George H. Berry. 
 
 Philip Hiss, David E. Thomas, 
 
 Monument Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Addi Pindell, William Byrn, Benjamin F. Nails, 
 
 David Creamer, Wm. Goldsborough, John B. Youngs, 
 
 Fred. Pinkney, Esq., Natiian Richardson, Samuel Rust, 
 Samuel Hindes, Francis Burke, John P. Andrew, 
 
 Abraham Sliver, Thomas K. Turner, James P. Thomas. 
 
 D. G. Underwood, 
 John Simonson, 
 W. II. Emory, Esq., 
 David Lankford, 
 Edward Small, 
 George Ruckle, 
 W. A. Schaertcr, 
 George Merriken, 
 Peter P. Potee, 
 George Stcuart, 
 
 Rev. Jacob Larkin, 
 Samuel Rankin, 
 
 William Houlton, 
 George Yeates, 
 T. G. Hill, 
 J. G. Wilcox, 
 
 Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev John S Martin, William Reese, John H Keene, George C Addison, 
 
 Rev Dr G C M Rob- J H Price, Paul H uckle, William Tomlinson, 
 
 erts, ileuel Sliaw, William S Birch, J H Keany, 
 
 Rev J H Dashiell, Tliomas C Watkins, Tliomas Franco, Alexander Baltzcll, 
 
 Rev John L Reese, James Hooper, Sr, Daniel Fosbener, Samuel Thomas, 
 
 Rev Joseph Shane, Washing'n B Jones, Chas Cociirain, Jr, Abram Meister, 
 
 Christian Keener, John H Rhodes. 
 
 Richard H Battee, Niciiolas C Brice, 
 
 Joseph V/ Frey, John Medairy, 
 
 Wesley Disney, John Morrow, 
 
 John Brice, 
 
 William Sullivan, John G Stevens, 
 John S Macher, Alexander Russell, 
 Jolm Crookshanks, William Casey, 
 William W''oodcock, Jesse Armai>er, 
 
 Rev S Brison 
 
 Rev Charles Turner, Hanson Ilutter, 
 Rev A H Kennaday, Jacob HofF, 
 Wm Baker, Esq, John Dominy, 
 
 Daniel Kalbfus, 
 William Snyder, 
 Thomas Jenkins, 
 
 Rev John Bear, 
 Rev James Sewell, 
 Rev W F Mercer, 
 F Littig Schaeffer, 
 Samuel S Briggs, 
 Robert Dulton, 
 Thomas Trolten, 
 J Puofh, 
 
 Whatcoat Station of Methodist Episcopal Church 
 James Paul, Lemuel Stewart, Henry Baker, 
 
 Wm G Baker, Esq 
 
 Henry Godfrey, 
 
 Jolm Holf, 
 David Horn, Nicholas Bell, 
 
 B Coyle, David Bankard, 
 
 George GratBin, 
 William Oler, 
 William McCoy, 
 Josiah Prather, 
 Jabez Paul, 
 
 Wilkes Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Nathaniel Kimherly, John Welch, Sen'r, John Valiant, 
 Benjamin Tliomas, Peter Wells, John McDermof.t, 
 
 Thomas Cromwell, B Mcztck Corner, H A Liloes, M D, 
 Robert Criiggs, H S Hunt, M D, Lewis Robinson, 
 
 David Evans, Henry Morris, M D, Lewis Audoun, 
 
 J W Randolph, T L Murphy, M D, James l^onahue, 
 
 Thomas S Clark, William Strobel, Alfred Arms-trong, 
 James Everett, James N Muller, J B M Latourna, 
 
78 
 
 Rev Job Guest, . Clarke CoUeral, 
 Kev J W Jxicliardson, Henry Uell, 
 
 J A Stephens, 
 
 JFilliam Slreel J\Ielkodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Kev E llcriuer, 
 John y Jjiown, 
 ■Suuiucl PJiiiimier, 
 James JMcCleary, 
 
 George Sumvvalt, 
 Josepli K Love, 
 Henry Cotteral, 
 Jolni Kraus, 
 Henry Neal, 
 Edward Browning, 
 
 Joseph Holmes, 
 James M lirannan, 
 James McGenley, 
 Henry Harman, 
 David Bell, 
 
 VVilliam Williams, 
 
 William Skinner, 
 
 Andrew Salisbury, 
 
 Young J\Ie}Vs City Bdhd. 
 Samuel Kramer, C.J Thompson, J Fitzgerald, 
 
 G Broadbent, RWDryden, William H Soper, 
 
 R H Paltison, J Spurrier, 
 
 Easl Ballimore Station, Methodisl Protestant Church. 
 Rev L 11 Reese, Edward Foreman, S H Whittingham, Joseph Perrigoy, 
 Rev U Evans Reese, William Rusk, Joseph R Foreman, Alex D FortMiian, 
 
 Rev B Richardson, John W Kichaidson, Samuel R Smith, Alexander Cooper, 
 Rev J R Williams, Daniel Perrigoy, Robert B Varden, ~ " ' ' 
 
 Rev J xM Roberts, John C Street, E Strahn, 
 
 Samuel H Bowly, Wm C Cunningham, Jaines Claypoole, 
 Thomas Richardson, Z O Bond, David Heirmtr, 
 
 Si. John's Methodist Protestant Church 
 Edward Green, 
 
 E Griffin, 
 C Cotteral, 
 
 T Higgenboliiain, 
 Aug Copenhaver, 
 Jacob Boston, 
 Samuel Bond, 
 
 Rev Aug Webster, 
 Rev L J Cox, 
 Rev R H Ball, 
 Allen Paine, 
 Abner Webb, 
 John Clark, 
 Edw J Richardson, 
 DCH Emoiy, 
 
 John J Harrod, 
 B H Richardson, 
 T O wings, i\l D, 
 John Chappell, 
 
 W L Richardson, 
 Samuel Guest, 
 William Puir^on, 
 Dr P S Cliappull, 
 John Meoraw, 
 
 Col Wm R Stewart, J B Hindes, 
 
 Walter Crook, Dr R T Haughey, 
 
 James W Allnutt, Edmund J Webb, 
 Charles W Ridgely, George Peters, Sr, Levi Wilder, 
 
 Western Station, Methodist Protestant Church 
 Rev Josiah Varden, Sam'l T Anderson, William Dulany, James M Lindsay, 
 Rev S K Jennings, J S Abell, .......... ^ . - ~ 
 
 John Nants, Sr, 
 Augustus P Webb, 
 John L Allen, 
 Robert Hill, 
 Wm R Sangston, 
 Robert Corsuch, 
 Luther J Cox, Jr, 
 Henry M Letsinger, 
 Joseph Horn, 
 
 Rev N Dorsey, ofL Jacob Israel, 
 Rev E Yeates Reese, Jacob Soujmcr, 
 Rev J as Essender, John Coatcs, 
 
 Francis Coates, 
 Charles Waters, 
 Wesley Starr, 
 
 Rev J C Backus, 
 
 M McDowell, M D, John H Haskill, 
 
 George Morris, 
 
 John Kodoers, 
 
 A G Griflith, 
 B B N orris, 
 William Starr, 
 Henry Horn, 
 J B Brashears, 
 John Slinchcomb, 
 
 William L Gill, 
 John IS' Brown, 
 
 Rev R J Brecken- 
 
 ridge, 
 A B Kyle, 
 Dr H A Stinnecke, James George, 
 
 USA Alexander Boggs, 
 James Healty, Richard J Cross, 
 
 John Wilson, James Armor, 
 
 Peter Fenby, • Robei t S Holiiiis, 
 
 John Weaver, 
 Henry Wigart, 
 Joseph Brown, 
 Ministry at Large. — Rev. C. li. A. Dall 
 
 First Presbyterian Church. 
 P Stewart, M D, Siiammah Clark, 
 J V D Stewart, 
 Lancaster Quid, George Brown, 
 William B Canfield, Joseph Taylor, 
 AVm F Murdock, Francis Forman, 
 Archibald Stirling, J il Stickney,. 
 Second Presbyterian Church, 
 John Bighanj 
 A (ieorge, 
 P Dinsmorc, 
 
 John R Carvill, 
 Arthur Emory, 
 James M Brown, 
 William Allen, 
 Thomas Parsons, 
 J T J Harlan, 
 
 David Couilnay, 
 S Collins, M D, 
 Alexander Coulter, 
 Dr Baer, 
 
 William Harrison, 
 Julius A Fay, 
 
 W'illiam F Carey, Henry WcEIderry, 
 
 Capt H Purviaiicc, Tleniy Pendexler, 
 
 U S N Garrett Brown, 
 
 Capt G N Hollins, J W Maxwell, 
 
 U S N Benjamin C Ross, 
 
 Col Wm Fell Giles, J Harman Blown, 
 
 Cajit Jos E Trippe, William H Beatty, 
 
 William Bogi; 
 
 E C Dubois, Geo V Sprcckelscn, Richard D Fenby, 
 
 Third Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev G W Musgrave, W McCormii k, 
 iMallliew Clark, Sr, V. Pfrkins, iM D, 
 
 Z Vj l^iiniiam, 
 John Hicksoii, 
 D B Prince, 
 Andrew (iraham, 
 H W Hayden, 
 
 W Reynolds, 
 William Allen, 
 Francis Jiurns, 
 Francis I'orster, 
 
 O A Cill, 
 
 Hon James O Law, 
 
 J J J^ewis, 
 
 F Maurer, 
 
 J F Perkins, M D, 
 
 E C Rivers, 
 
 Thomas D Baird, 
 E Thompson Baird, 
 
 D Sullivan, 
 A Giliicit, 
 S Hillock, 
 John l^indsaj', 
 W McCJrallin, 
 Joseph W ilson, 
 
79 
 
 Fourth Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev G D Paiviance, Adoram Plielps, W Mackenhammer, R Robinson, 
 
 Hon Judoe Parvi- James R Jackson, Jesse H Magriider, James HavVtliorn, 
 
 ance, James Miller, T C Barrow, James Gaskins, 
 
 John McKeen, Charles Davis, Somerville Norwood, Robert Hamilton, 
 
 Hamilton Easter, Leonaid R Woollen, George Sargor, S H Simpson, 
 
 Charles P Rogers, 
 
 Fifth Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev J G Hamtier, Joseph T Kejs, A G Cole, 
 
 William S Hopkins, T W Alricks, A D Jones, 
 
 Emanuel liallzell, A C Gibbs, Charles L Bartlett, 
 James Patterson, Col Thos Sheppard, Joseph Crosby, 
 
 Alexander M ('arter, Edward Wright, Josiah Richardson, 
 
 Capt Asa Nuedham, J S Eastman, D W Hall, 
 
 Capt Joel Vickcrs, J F McJillon, Thomas P White, 
 
 ,3isqxiith Street Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev R J Dunlap, Isaac Johnson, 
 
 James Logan, William Joimston, 
 
 John Falconer, George A Cooper, Ephraim V Dailey, 
 
 Moses Hyde, Joel N Blake, Geo P Woodward, 
 
 Alexander Hamil, Robert Francis, John Gridley, 
 
 James Whitniarsh, W^ni W^jiitmaish, James Harris, 
 Caleb Owen, 
 
 B A Vickers, 
 Alex M Rogers, 
 Joshua Harve}', 
 George U Uhler, 
 JNIoses A Slarbuck, 
 William Davison, 
 Jonathan Cieeiy, 
 
 Nich's R Kennedy, James Henry, 
 William Dunlap, Frifncis Davidson, 
 
 Robert Nelson, 
 Joini McCadden, 
 George Myers, 
 David Whitmarsh, 
 
 ..Associate Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev John G Smart, John Smith, Robert Milliken, 
 
 William Won is, Dr James Mclntyre, William Rogers, 
 
 Christ Church, Protestant Episcopal. 
 
 Rev H V D Johns, Capt Wm Graham, Col Fitzhugh, 
 
 D D Richard M Hall, L ^hlckall, M D, 
 
 Hon James Carroll, Samuel Barnes, F Focke, 
 
 Capt H Tiiompson, Chas Gilman, Esq, J B Ninde, 
 
 Sam'I T Thompson, Tliomas Ferguson, James Cooper, 
 Benj H Latrobe, Samuel Riggs, 
 
 Church of the Redemption, Protestant Episcopal 
 
 Thomas Anderson, 
 William Caldwell, 
 
 J H Luckett, 
 W M Addison, Esq, 
 Thos B Pottinger, 
 William Bose, 
 Geo W Richardson, 
 
 Rev Robert Piargott, David Sterrett, 
 T W Rountree;M D, Daniel Crook, 
 
 Asa Hart, 
 George Perry, 
 James McKay, 
 
 Rev H S Keppler, 
 John Loury, 
 Puch'd M J Anson, 
 James Mowlon, 
 John Henderson, 
 Jacob P Miller, 
 James Armstrong, 
 
 William Q Caldwell, Charles S Willett, 
 G H Sappii.gton, James Paul, 
 William K Ross, A J Bouldin, 
 Josepii J Stewart, • Aaron J Piggott, 
 
 Lewis H Foote, 
 Rufus B Gallup, 
 Columbus Bruscup, 
 
 St. Andreiu''s Church, Protestant Episcopal. 
 
 Richard Maygee, 
 E M Loury, 
 Hugh Bolton, 
 Robert Hancock, 
 Henry Honing, 
 James Allen, 
 
 Peter Dickinson, 
 William Baker, 
 Thomas J Hall, 
 Joseph WmIsou, 
 James Monte!!, 
 Thomas Peachy, 
 
 Universalist Church. 
 Rev James Siirigley, Piiilip Smith, E Lukens 
 
 John C Holliind, 
 William Bayley, 
 William B Jones, 
 William Gray, 
 l^ot Ridgely, 
 Richard I\larley, 
 
 Rev. P. Willard, 
 Rev. F RuthrautF, 
 
 Rev. S. Sentman, 
 Rev. J. G. Wold", 
 
 John Ross, 
 E L Ironmonger, 
 D Herring, 
 Hugli Devalin, 
 E A Cruinmer, 
 Frederick Fickey, 
 
 Richard Mason, 
 Thaddeus C Craft, 
 John Wilson, 
 C W White, 
 F A Francisco, 
 William Dykes, 
 
 Jacob P Hartman, 
 Wm D Greetham, 
 Jolin C Reeves, 
 Benjamin Charles, 
 John F Kerner, 
 W Bool, 
 
 F A Fleming, 
 diaries fc;eariey, 
 Mr Hooper, 
 Simeon Alden, 
 George S Allen, 
 Charles Sisco, 
 
 Carroll County. 
 John M. Collins, Jeremiah Pvhinehart, Jacob Eckard, 
 
 Jacob Reese, 
 
 John Rliinehart, 
 
 Rev. D-ZollickotTer, J. N. Starr, 
 
 Taneylotcn. 
 Rev. J. Belville, George Moring, 
 II. Swope, P. Ilunn, 
 
 'J'. S. Warfield. 
 
 I^ Clutz, 
 
 A. McAlistcr. 
 
80 
 
 Westminster. — Rev. J. P. Carter. 
 Westm'mskr J\Iethodist Protestant Church. 
 Isaac Shriver, Esq., Joshua Siindergill, Anion Tipton, 
 
 Jesse Mannififi 
 
 Jesse Shriver, 
 
 Samuel J. Dell. 
 
 Alonzo Snow, 
 R. D. McLenahan, 
 E. T. Tarring, 
 Edwin Wilnier, 
 
 lyestminster Circuit, JMcthodisi Episcopal Church. 
 Rev. J. S. Mauris, G. H. Waesche, Joseph Koons, Georo-e Dcrn. 
 
 Rev. J. H. March, Elias Grimes, W. Zollickoirer,M D. 
 
 Cecil County. 
 Cecil Circuit, Methodist Protesianl Church. — Rev. George Heritage. 
 Elkton Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev. Jas. Mclntyre, F. Henderson, Esq., George Jones. 
 
 Kirkwood and Port Deposite Presbyterian Churches. 
 Samuel Gay, Jefferson Ramsay, John Carson. 
 
 J^orth East. 
 Rev. J. Humphreys, Thomas S. Tiiomas, John Ford. 
 
 Port Deposite. 
 Rev. Joseph Mason, J. B. Kniglit, P. B. Buckinfvham, Allen Anderson, 
 
 Robert Stevenson, Robert Kerr,'" William Pliilips 
 
 Jacob Guiner, N. L. Brickley, 
 
 Gibbons Moore, B. F. Alexander, 
 
 George Y. Piirnell, Andrew Orr, 
 
 Frederick Coiinty. 
 German lieformed Church, Frederick City. 
 Rev. D. Zacharius, John A. Steiiier, Chris. Steincr, 
 David Kemp, Abraham Kemp, L. J. Brenglc, 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church, Frederick CUy. 
 Rev. S. W. Harkoy, P. J. Havvman, Henry' Nixdorff", J. M- Eberts, 
 
 Daniel Kolb, I. C. O'Neal, A. K. Mant-z, S. Mantz. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, Fredericlc City. 
 Rev. G. Morgan, Asbiiry Hunt, Z. T. Windsor, E. L. Dclaschmidt, 
 
 Rev. Isaac Collins, Godfrey Koontz, Edward Buckey, George Salmon, 
 Dr. Albert Ritchie, James L. Norris, Edward Howai'd, Henry C. Lane, 
 David Boyd, F.W. Brummcrman, Lorenzo Windsor, Thomas H. O'Neal. 
 
 James Whitehill, 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, Frederick City. — Wm. B. Tyler, Esq., V. M. Birely. 
 Presbyterian Church, Frederick City. — Wm. F. Smallwood, James L. Davis. 
 Central Chapel, Methodist Protestant Church. 
 Col. Anthy. Kimball, Henry Nelson, Benjamin Nelson, Ephraim Collins. 
 
 Natlian Nelson, Richard Cromwell, William Jones, 
 
 Emmilsh^ii-g. 
 John Shcetz, Charles Smitij, 
 
 John Musselman, Isaac Baugher, 
 
 German Reformed Church, Emmitsburg. 
 Rev. Wm. Phillips, Joseph Maritz, Eli Smitii. 
 
 Andrew Kidd, 
 J. W. Abrahams, 
 Alexander Brown. 
 
 Joshua Dill. 
 
 John Graybill, 
 Michael Slouce, 
 
 John Nunemaker 
 
 Rev. G.W.Willard, M. Keefer, 
 
 Rev. H. Rowan, J. Gross, 
 
 Col. J. Johnson, V. Thomas, 
 
 Dr. Joshua Joiie.s, D. Thomas, 
 
 Rev. D. Thomas, H. CulKr, Jr., 
 Rev. J. Geir, 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 R. Thrasher, 
 
 L. Botler, 
 
 J. Ervin, 
 
 H. Willard, 
 
 G. W. Hollhinn, 
 
 A. Kesler, 
 
 J. Hook, 
 
 S. Rnnsbnrg, 
 
 Dr. T. McGill, 
 
 Dr M. M. Garry. 
 
81 , 
 
 Glade and Israel Creek Churches. 
 
 Rev. T. L. McLean, Rev. Mr. Lambretli, D. Devilbiss, Robert Nelson, 
 
 Rev. W. Cauliflower, William Rliineliart, B. Neidig, John Nicodemus, 
 
 Rev. Mr. Spedner, A. Gelzendainer, D. Clary, D. Albaugh. 
 
 Methodist Protestant Church, Liberty. 
 Rev. J. W. Porter, Rev. Dr. Thos. Simm, Philip Hines, Thomas Warfield. 
 
 J^ew Market. 
 
 Rev. R. S. Vinton, Caleb Hobbs, Jesse Wright, Hamilton Stier. 
 
 Rev. Wm. CoUier, Jacob Cronise, Dr. J. M. Guier, 
 
 Bethel Presbyterian Church, Hartford County. — Rev. A. B. Cross. 
 
 Cheslerlown, Kent County. 
 
 Methodist Protestant Church.— Rev. W. H. Bordley. 
 
 Brookville, Montgomery County. 
 
 Rev. T. McCormick, Caleb B. Moore, B. W. Waters, Richard Holmes, 
 
 Allen B. Davis, Roger B. Thomas, John Griffith, William Brown. 
 
 Rockville. — Oiho Magruder. 
 Kent Island, Queen Jnn's County. 
 Rev. Eliphalet Reed, S. Ring-gold, Esq., John C. Legg,- Thomas H. Kemp. 
 
 jrashinglon County. 
 German Reformed Church, Bmnsboro'.—Jiev. Albert G. Dole, Elias Dairs. 
 Evangelical Lullieran C/turc/t.^Samuel Bentz. 
 • Hagerslown. 
 Rev. F. W.Conrad, Rev. Mr. Keeferj D. C. Hammond, John Hanseberger. 
 Rev. W. Hirst, . E. Wise, 
 
 Willianisport. 
 
 Methodist Protestant Church. — Rev. J. T. Ward. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Rev. J. O. Proctor, J. Irwin Sterrelt, . S. S. Cunningham. 
 
 Lutheran Church.— Tlev. C. Startzman. 
 
 Methodist Eiilscopal Church. — William Cosby. 
 
 The Community. — William Stickel. 
 
 JVorcester County, 
 Sandy Hill. — Rev. Mr. Hamline. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 ll^ashington City. 
 
 Christ Church, Proteslanl Episcopal.-^Gen. Archibald Henderson. 
 
 Foundry Station, Methodist Episcopal Church.— Rey . C. A. Davis.jRev. E. D. Owen. 
 
 First Methodist Protestant Church. — Rev. John J. Murray, Rev. John B. Ferguson. 
 
 J^inth ^!rr(t Methodist Protestant Church. 
 
 Rev. Ulysses Ward, Col. Wia. r>oLighty, J. A. Kenneday, Willard Drake. 
 
 jF. Sinet Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev. J. Laurie, DD. Rev. R. H. Gnrley, Hon. C. B. Penrose, George Lowry, 
 Rev. S, Tustin, Hon. C. A. WicklitTe, David Munro, Charles L. Coltman. 
 
 Second Street Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev. James Knox, Hon. J. Q. Adams, George M. Phillips, Z. D. Gilman. 
 
 Fourth Street Presbytei'ian Church. 
 Rev. Jag. C. Smith, John Voorhies, George Stettinius, M. H. Miller, 
 
 Jacob Gideon, Joseph T W dker, Sylvanus Holmes, J. F. Shanetts. 
 
 6 
 
83 
 
 Georgetown. 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Rev. T. B. Sargent, Rev. Dr. Wickes, Wm. B. Woodward, Robert White, 
 Rev. Sam'l Clarke, Tliomas Brown, John Dickson, Samuel McKennev. 
 
 Rev. S. A. Roszell, 
 
 Bridge Street Presbyterian Church. 
 Rev. R. T. Berry, Wm. L. Compton, Othro Z. Muncaster. 
 
 Jllcxandria. 
 Rev. J.N. Danforth, WiHiam Ramsay, Wilham Gregory, A. J. Fleming, 
 Rev. E. Kingsford, A. C. Cazenove, Thomas Davy, William P. IS'utt, 
 
 Rev. Wm. Evans, Robert Bell, John Withers, James McKenzie. 
 
 R. Jamison, Thomas Powell, 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Jiccomac County. — William Law, George Warner. 
 
 Albemarle County. 
 
 Free Union Church, Disciples of Christ. — Allan B. Magruder, E^q. 
 
 Charlestown. — W. B. Dutton. 
 
 Harrisonburg. — Rev. T. L. Hamner. 
 
 Tankerville, Loudon County. — George Beamer. 
 
 Lutheran Church, Lovettsville, Loudon County. — Chas. B. Hamilton, Esq., S. Craven. 
 
 Presbyterian Church, JMai'tinsburg. — Rev. John Coggs. 
 
 Mrthampton County. — Dr. Wm. G. Smith. 
 
 Methodist Protestant Church, Heathsville, J^orthumierland County. 
 
 Rev. B. Burgess, Rev. B. G. Burgess, Capt. W. Harding. 
 
 Shepherdstotcn. — Rev. C. W. Andrews, Rev. P. Fletcher. 
 
 Richmond. — Rev. J. C. Stiles. 
 
 Wheeling. — Judge Joseph J. Fry. 
 
 Winchester. 
 
 Rev. W. Hill, D. D., Rev. J. Few Smith, William L. Bent, William .Miilf^r. 
 
 Rev. A. H. H. Boyd, William B. Baker, James S. Carson, Oliver M. Brown. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Green County Sabbath Association. — William Mills. 
 
 Franklin Co^mly. — John J. Hoge. 
 
 Athens. — E. Stimson. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 First Presbyterian Church, Galena. — Daniel Campbell, Esq. 
 
I 
 
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