VAN D ! M JR B I L. T ORIENTAL, SERIES 
 
 VOLUMU VII. 
 
 CUNEIFORM 
 
 SUPPLEMENT 
 
 TOLMAN 
 
 AMERICAN ROOK COMPANY 
 
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 ■T653 
 
 Section 
 

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CUNEIFORM SUPPLEMENT 
 
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VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY STUDIES 
 
 FOUNDED BY 
 
 AUGUSTUS H. ROBINSON 
 
 American Agent Lesicke and Buechner. New York City 
 
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 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 
 PUBLISHED BY VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY 
 1910 
 
THE VANDERBILT ORIENTAL SERIES 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 Herbert Cushing Tolman and James Henry Stevenson 
 
 f 
 
 (autographed) 
 
 TO THE AUTHOR'S ANCIENT PERSIAN 
 LEXICON AND TEXTS, WITH BRIEF HIS- 
 TORICAL SYNOPSIS OF THE LANGUAGE 
 
 BY 
 
 HERBERT CUSHING TOLMAN 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 
 
 NEW YORK : CINCINNATI : CHICAGO 
 
 AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 
 
Copyright, 1910 
 BY 
 
 Herbert Cushing Tolman 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This autographed Cuneiform Script is intended to supplement 
 the author's Ancient Persian Lexicon and Texts , 1908. Since 
 proposed readings are there given in foot-notes under the trans- 
 literation and treated more fully in the Lexicon, I deem it neces- 
 sary to discuss only some new material which has been made ac- 
 cessible and some critical suggestions which have appeared since 
 the date above mentioned. 
 
 Professor F. H. Weissbach has been working on some very 
 satisfactory photographs, recently come into his possession, of 
 the Grave of Darius at Naks-i-Rustam. He has been enabled 
 to correct many readings in the upper inscription (NRa), as well 
 as to discover quite a number of somewhat isolated words occur- 
 ring in the mutilated lower inscription (NRb). In addition to 
 this he reads with certainty several superscriptions over the 
 heads of the National Types of the Empire. All this material 
 Professor Weissbach has kindly placed at my disposal. In a 
 personal letter he has given me the list of his NRb readings, 
 and has forwarded in ReindrucTcen , Correct urabzug, 'and Fah- 
 nendbzug advance pages of his excellent work, Keilinschriften 
 der Achiimeniden , which furnishes a synoptic trilingual text, 
 and includes also all the purely Babylonian inscriptions of this 
 dynasty. The volume will be issued within the next few months, 
 probably long before the undersigned has corrected the final 
 proof of the present book. 
 
 Professor Weissbach's contributions from examination of pho- 
 tographs serve to illustrate the possibilities which a careful re- 
 examination of the rock itself might furnish. Would that my 
 cuneiform text had been autographed in situ! Stolze’s Perse - 
 'polls has been beside me in my work and I have studied the 
 photographs again and again with powerful magnifying glass. 
 Signs which appear so mutilated as to lose their identity, or are 
 thus described in the partial re-examination by Jackson and the 
 collation of the Behistan text by King-Thompson, I have indi- 
 cated by shading, while I have used skeleton wedges to supply 
 lacunae. 
 
 iii 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 My cuneiform text of Naks-i-Rustam follows mainly the re- 
 sults of V eissback’s investigation, yet my examination of 
 Stolze’s inadequate photograph has led me in one or two cases 
 to differ from the Leipzig professor; e. g. NRa. maniya[ha]-39)y 
 (maniy[ahay t]ya, Weissbach); 46, durayapiy [hac]a (duray[ ! hacja, 
 Weissbach). 
 
 Weissbacli’s Readings. 
 
 NRa. 
 
 1.7. framataram (Phot.). 1.25. Haumavarga (Phot.). 1.27. Arm[ina]. 
 
 1.38. yadipad'y maniy[ahay t]ya. 1.39. ciyakaram a]va. 1.41. 
 
 patikara (Phot.). tyai[y] g-42)a0um. xsnasah'y 43. 1.46. duray[ 1 hac]a. 
 1.47. partaram (Phot.) for hamaram. 1.52. haca ga[sta]. 
 
 NRb. 
 
 1.1. baga vazarka Auramazda hya ... 1.2. si-3)yatim martiyanya. 
 
 1.3. ut-4)a aruvasatam upariy. [Darayajvaum xsa-5)ya0iyam 6a tiy 
 
 Darayavaus xsaya-6)#iya vasna Auramazd[ah]a. 1.7. amiy. 1.8. dausta 
 amiy (1 would compare Strabo, 15. 3. 8, r/v rots <£iAotsp 
 
 tya. 1.12. kama. 1.14. darsam da[ra]yamiy. 1.15. dar- 
 sam. U 6. martiya hya hamataxsataiy. 1.20. vina^ayaisa (which I 
 would read vinaflayais, regarding the form as 2 sg. opt. caus- 
 ative to na 6 } destroy , Av. nas). 1.22. tya 0atiy. 1.24. 
 
 kunau-25)tiy. 1.26. uta mam vas-27)iy kama uta. 1.28. [fjramana. 
 1.29. kartam vainah'y. 1.33. [arjuvasatam. 1.36. va[i]namiy hami# r iya. . 
 1.36. vaina-37)m[i]y uta usaibi[y]a (I would read usibi[y]a) uta framanaya. 
 
 1.39. vainamiy [ha !m[i]# r iyam ya0a. 1.40. amiy. 1.41. dastaibiya u[ta] 
 padaibiya. 1.42. amiy. 1.43. amiy uta pasVis 3 u[ta]. 1.44. asabar 
 . . . . amiy. 1.45. pas a t a is a u[t]a asabar*. 1.46. tya Auramazda. 1.4 1 . 
 vasna Auramazdah-48)a tyamaiy kartam. 1.49. tya mam Auramazdamaiy. 
 1.50. ka darsam. 1.51. ciyakaram (sic). 1.53. iyam tyataiy gausaya(?). 
 1.54. hya. NRc. 1.2. + Pstibara. NRd. 1.2. isuvam (Phot.) darayat*. 
 
 Inscriptions above the National Types of the Empire: I. iyam 
 Parsa. II. iyam [Mada]. III. iyam Uvaja. IV. iyam Par0ava. X\ . 
 iyam Saka Tigraxa[uda]. X\ I. [iyam Bajbirus. X\ II. iyam A0uriya. 
 XXIX. iyam Maciya. 
 
 Professor Weissbach expects soon to publish the originals 
 (tells in Lichtdruck , tells in Autograpliie ) in Abhandlungen der 
 K. Sticks. Gesellschaft der 1 Yissensch often . It seems that 
 
 Haumavarga (not Haumavarka) is certain, partaram, foe (cf. Skt. prt, 
 
PREFACE 
 
 v 
 
 fight) removes hamaram from the Persian vocabulary, patikara 
 (acc. pi., not patikaram) is certain. The first seven lines of the 
 cuneiform text in NRb contain my own supplement, but Weiss- 
 back’s confinnation of aruvasatam upariy (1. 3) makes my former 
 conjecture arstam upariy very doubtful. 
 
 Of supreme importance in this new material are the isolated 
 words in 11. 36-39. Here, I believe, Darius is using phraseology 
 in close agreement with that of the Avesta. The second word 
 of 1. 37, which I would transliterate usibi[y]a, I connect with Av. 
 us, eat ’, Middle Pers. us, New Pers. hos. What does the king mean 
 when he says: vainam[i]y uta usibi[y]a uta framanaya? Ill a recent 
 note (AJP. 31) I ventured to compare such an Avestan theologic 
 
 phrase as Y. 62. 4. daya me urune usi, grant to my soul ears 
 
 (i. e. the capacity to understand divine wisdom). In this case 
 Darius is really using scriptural terms; I see both with the capacity 
 to perceive (usibi[y]a, lit. with two ears) and (with understanding) 
 of the divine precept (framanaya). The mooted question as to the 
 religion of the Achaemenidan kings I regard as now settled, for 
 Darius bears testimony on his own sepulchre to the Zoroastrian 
 faith. 
 
 In the Behistan inscription the Cuneiform Supplement con- 
 tains several suggested emendations in addition to those already 
 recorded in my transliterated texts. As examples I would men- 
 tion the following: Iving-Thompson's avaflasta, Bh. 1. 72 I would 
 change to ava0a -f- word-divider + ta (acc. pi.); cf. possible simi- 
 lar confusion in ucasma, Bh. 2. 89, for word-divider -f- casma (see 
 Lex. p. 75). Hoffmann-Kutschke’s ava0a sta (Die altpersischen 
 Kell inschriften des Grosskonigs Darajaivausch hei Behistun , 2 
 Nos.). offers no explanation for character of the sibilant, haca 
 yadaya, Bh. 3. 26, (confirmed by KT) excludes all former attempts at 
 emendation. I cannot explain, therefore, Hoffmann-Kutschke’s 
 introduction into his text of haca Y(a)utiya (his earlier conjecture, 
 Or. Lit. Ztg. 1905), nor do I understand how he would justify such 
 a case-form. Excellent is Gray’s emendation [utjamaiy (Review of 
 author’s Lexicon , AJP. 30. 457) for IvT*s [apjimaiy, Bh. 4. 46, (cf. 
 Bartholomae, Altiran. 11W, 386). In Lexicon , p. 75, s. v. uta I 
 had remarked it seems improbable, since the two English schol- 
 ars do not speak of the sign for i as doubtful on the rock. The 
 preceding lacuna , however, which may contain the first perpen- 
 dicular wedge of the sign a, makes confusion very possible. 
 
VI 
 
 PREFA CE 
 
 With reluctance I make the bold supplement [duvi]tiy[am 0arda]m- 
 c[a] ^'[itiyam] 6*ardam[ca], during both the second year and the third 
 year , Bh. 5. 2, 3. It involves in one or two cases the desperate 
 expedient of interpreting the obliquely meeting wedges of word- 
 divider (recorded by IvT) as traces of a superimposed hori- 
 zontal above the perpendicular. Such drastic treatment can 
 only be justified by the fact of the weathered condition of this 
 portion of the rock. Weissbach’s attractive [pajtiy t[uriya]mca 
 p[a”camam] 0ardam (ZDMG. 62. 611) shows an impossible position 
 of the enclitic conjunction. Hotfmann-Kutschke’s [0 r itiyam] (first 
 proposed by Weissbach, ZDMG. 61. 730) should be [0 r itiyam]. 
 These proposed supplements are based, of course, on the assump- 
 tion that 0ard corresponds to Bab. MU-AN-NA, year, Bh. 1.99; 
 (Weissbach, ZDMG. 61. 721; ibid. 62. 629 ff.; Or. Lit. Ztg. 
 Kov. 1908, 186 ff. ; Review of author’s Lexicon, ZDMG. 63. 
 828* For opposite view, cf. Gray, Review of author’s Lexicon , 
 AJP. 30. 156.) 
 
 Professor Meillet in a review of author’s Lexicon in the Jour- 
 nal Asiatique expresses the wish that it had contained complete 
 numerical references to all occurrences of each word and form. 
 Such an index verborum is certainly a desideratum , and it has 
 now been prepared for the present volume by my pupil, Mr. E. 
 L. Johnson. Mr. Johnson’s work is entirely independent and 
 he will explain in his preface its scope and plan. 
 
 H. C. Tolman. 
 
 Vanderbilt University, Feb. 12, 1910. • 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 BRIEF HISTORICAL SYNOPSIS 
 
 PHONOLOGY 
 
 a 
 
 1. a < At. a < I. E. a, e. g. apa, YAv. apa, Skt. apa, Gr. a-rro. 
 
 2. a < Ar. a < I. E. e, e. g. ca, Av. ca, Skt. ca, Gr. re, I. E. *qe. 
 
 3. a < Ar. a < I. E. o, e. g. bara n tiy, Skt. bharanti, Gr. Dor. <f>epo vrt, 
 
 I. E. *bheronti. 
 
 4. a, an < Ar. a, an < I. E. n, nn, e. g. basta, Skt. baddha, I. E. 
 
 *bhndh-to-; a-, an-, neg. pref. (Middle Pers. a-, an- ), Av. a-, 
 an-, Skt. a-, an-, Gr. a-, av-, I. E. vr n-, *nn-. 
 
 7 ' 77 C 7 O 
 
 5. a, am < Ar. a, am < 1. E. m, mm, e. g. 0ata- (New Pers. sad), 
 
 A Av. sata, Skt. (Jata, Gr. e-Karov, I. E. vr kmto-m; jamiya, Skt. 
 
 gamyat, I. E. "gmm-ie-t. 
 
 6. ar < Ar. r < I. E. r, e. g. aparsam (Turfan MSS. pursid, New 
 
 Pers. pursaS), Av. psrasami, Skt. prcbami, I. E. "prkskho. 
 
 7. ar < 1. E. li, e. g. paru (Aliddle Pers. pur), YAv. pouru, Skt. 
 
 puru, I. E. "pllu. 
 
 a 
 
 8. a <C Ar. a < 1. E. a, e. g. -matar, (New Pers. madar) Av. matar, 
 
 Skt. matar, Gr. Dor. p-arrjp. 1. E. “mater. 
 
 9. a < Ar. a I. E. e, e. g. ada, Skt. adhat, Gl*. TLdrjp-i, I. E. 
 
 “dhi-dhe-mi . 
 
 10. a <C Al’. a I. E. 6, e. g. dadatuv, Av. da, Skt. da, Gr. StSa)/xt, 
 
 1. E. *di-do-mi. 
 
 11. a < Ar. a < I. E. n, m, e. g. adana, (New Pers. danaS) Skt. 
 
 ajanat, I. E. ^gn-na-mi; ga^u (New Pers. gah), Av. gatu, Skt. 
 
 gatu, I. E. *gm-tu-. 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 12. i < Ar. i < I. E. i, e. g. astiy, Skt. asti, Gl’. eo-rt, I. E. *esti. 
 
 (vii) 
 
viii 
 
 ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 13. i < Ar. i < I. E. a, e. g. pitar (Turfan MSS. pidar, New Pers, 
 
 pidar), Av. pitar, Skt. pitar, Gr. naT^p, I. E. "pater. 
 
 14. iy (graphic) Ar. i I. E. i, e. g. jamiya, Skt. gamyat, I. E. 
 
 *gmm-ie-t. 
 
 15. iy (final) < Ar. i < I. E. i, e. g. atiy, YAv. aiti, Skt. ati, Gr. 
 
 «ri, I. E. *eti. 
 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 16. i < Ar. i < I. E. i, e. g. jiva, Skt. jlva, 1. E. *gi-uo-s. 
 
 u 
 
 IT. u < Ar. u < I. E. u, e. g. u- prefix, Av. hu-, Skt. su, Gr.v-ynjs. 
 
 18. U (before n) < Ar. r < I. E. r, e. g. akunavam, Skt. akrnavam; 
 
 after this analogy akuta. 
 
 19. uv (graphic) < Ar. u < I. E. u, e. g. haruva, (Turfan MSS. 
 
 harv, New Pers. bar), 1 Av. haurva, Skt. sarva, Gr. oAos (<y 
 *o\fo-s). 
 
 20. uv (final) < Ar. u < I. E. u, e. g. patuv, Skt. patu. 
 
 21. uv <C Ar. su <C I. E. su, e. g. uva-, Skt. sva, I. E. *sue, *suo. 
 
 u 
 
 22. u < Ar. u < I. E. u, e. g. dura, Av. dura, Skt. dura, I. E. du-. 
 
 ai 
 
 23. ai < Ar. ai <c I. E. ai, e. g. -taiy in vainataiy, Skt. -te in bharate, 
 
 Gr. -rai in I. E. *-tai in bheretai. 
 
 24. ai < Ar. ai < I. E. ei, e. g. aitiy, Skt. eti, Gl'. etct, I. E. *eiti. 
 
 25. ai < Ar. ai < I. E. oi, e. g. aiva, Av. aeva, Gr. Cypr. ot/ros, I. 
 
 E. *oiuo. 
 
 ai 
 
 26. ai < Ar. ai < I. E. ei, e. g. -ayam (i. e. ai-am), Skt. ayam, Gr. 
 
 rJa(foi'"'r/a < iji-a), I. E. *eim. 
 
 au 
 
 27. au < Ar. au < I. E. eu, e. g. daustar (New Pers. dost), Skt. 
 
 jostar fr. I. E. rt. *geus. 
 
 28. au < Ar. au < I. E. ou, e. g. gen. sg. -aus, Skt. -os, I. E. *-ous 
 
 of u- stems. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 ix 
 
 au 
 
 29. au < Ar. au < 1. E. au, e. g. nau- (New Pei’S, nav) in naviya, 
 
 Skt. naus, Gr. vaOs(< v<ivs). 
 
 30. au < Ar. au < 1. E. eu, e. g. loc. Sg. -au, Skt. -au, I. E. *-eu 
 
 of u- stems; cf. babirauv. 
 
 k 
 
 31. k < Ar. k < I. E. q, e. g. ka (New Pers. ki), Av. ka, Skt. ka, 
 
 Gr. Horn, reo, I. E. *qo, "qe. 
 
 32. k < Ir. k < Ar. kh, e. g. kan (New Pers. kandan), YAv. kan, 
 
 Skt. kban. 
 
 X 
 
 33. x < Ir. x < Ar. kh, e. g. haxa- (cf. Turfan MSS. hasa-), YAv. 
 haxi, Skt. sakhi. 
 
 31. x (before consonants) < Ir. x < Ar. k, e. g. xsap (New Pers. 
 sab), T Av. xsap, Skt. ksap. 
 
 35. xsn < Ir. sn < Ar. zn, e. g. xsna- (New Pers. sinasaS), Av. xsna- 
 
 beside -sna-, Skt. jfia, I. E. *gno. 
 
 36. xt < Ar. gdh < I. E. gh -f- t, e. g. duruxta (for *durugda), Skt. 
 
 drugdha, I. E. “dhrugh -f- to-. 
 
 g 
 
 37. g < Ar. g < I. E. g, e. g. ga0u (Turfan MSS. gah, New Pers. 
 
 gah), Av. gatu, Skt. gatu, I. E. "gm-tu-. 
 
 38. g < Ar. gh < I. E. gh, e. g. drauga (New Pers. duroy), YAv. 
 
 draoga, Skt. drogha, fl’. I. E. rt. "dhreugh. 
 
 c 
 
 39. c (before original palatal vowels) < Ar. c < I. E. q, e. g. -ciy 
 
 (Middle Pers. ci, New Pers. cih), YAv. cit, Skt. cit, Gr. rt, 
 I. E. *qi-d. 
 
 j 
 
 40. j (before original palatal vowels) < Ar. j < I. E. g, e. g. jiva 
 
 (New Pers. zinda), Av. jivaiti, Skt. jlvati, Gl’. /3tos, I. E. *gei. 
 
 41. j (before original palatal vowels) < Ar. jh < I. E. gh, e. g. 
 
 ajanam (New Pei’S. zanaS), Av. jan, Skt. han, I. E. *ghen. 
 
X 
 
 ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 t 
 
 42. t < Ar. t < I. E. t, e. g. atiy, (Turfan MSS. ad), YAv. aiti, 
 
 Skt. ati, Gr. en, I. E. *eti. 
 
 43. t < Ar. th, e. g. sta (New Pers. estadan), Av. sta, Skt. stha. 
 
 e 
 
 44. 9 < Ir. 9 < Ar. th, e. g. ya#a, Av. ya#a, Skt. yatha. 
 
 45. 0 < Ar. s < I. E, k, e. g. vi 9 (Turfan MSS. vis-), Av. vis, 
 
 Skt. vi£, Gl'. /rot/c-os, I. E. rt. *ueik. 
 
 16. 9 (through influence of following u) < Ar. t < I. E. t, e. g. 
 0uvam (New Pei'S, tu), Av. 0wam, Skt. tvam, Gl’. ere (<r/re), 
 
 I. E. *tui. 
 
 6 r 
 
 4T. 9 T Ar. tr <c I. E. tr, e. g. pi0 r a, Av. pi0ro, Gr. 7raTpos; pu^ r a, 
 Skt. putra. 
 
 48. 9 r Ar. sr < I. E. kl, e. g. -a# r arayam, YAv. sri, Skt. $ri, Gl'. 
 
 k\lvw , I. E. *klei. 
 
 d 
 
 49. d < Ar. d <[ I. E. d, e. g. dadatuv (New Pers. dihaS), Av. da, 
 
 Skt. da, Gl'. S l'8u)/ui, I. E. *di-do-mi. 
 
 50. d <C Ar. dh < I. E. dh, e. g. adada, Av. da, Skt. dha, Gr. 
 
 I. E. ^dhi-dhe-mi. 
 
 51. d < Ar. zh <] I. E. gh, e. g. -gaudaya, YAv. guz, Skt. guh, I. E. 
 
 "ghugh. 
 
 52. d (i. e. S) < Ar. z < I. E. g, e. g. daustar (New Pers. dost), 
 
 YAv. zus, Skt. jus, Gr. yewo, I. E. A ‘ geus. 
 
 n 
 
 53. n <C Ar. n < I. E. n, e. g. nama (New Pers. nam), Av. nama, 
 
 Skt. nama, I. E. *nomn: unwritten before mutes and when 
 final, e. g. ba n daka fr. *ba"da, YAv. banda, Skt. bandha; abara 11 , 
 Skt. abharan, I. E. *e-bher-o-nt. 
 
 P 
 
 54. p < Ar. p < I. E. p, e. g. pitar (Turfan MSS. pidar, New Pers. 
 
 pidar), Av. pitar, Skt. pitar, Gr. Trarijp, I. E. "poter. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 xi 
 
 f 
 
 55. f (before consonants) < Ar. p < I. E. p, e. g. fra (New Pers. 
 
 far), Av. fra, Skt. pra, Gr. 7 rpo, I. E. *pro. 
 
 56. f < Ir. x t , e. g. -farnah, \ Av. x'aranah. 
 
 b 
 
 57. b < Ar. bh < I. E. bh, e. g. abara (New Pers. baraS), Skt. 
 
 abharat, Gr. e</>epe, I. E. *e-bher-e-t. 
 
 58. b < Ar. bhu <c I. E. bhu, e. g. blya, I. E. *bhu-X-ie-t. 
 
 m 
 
 59. m < Ar. m < I. E. m, e. g. -matar (New Pers. madar), Av. 
 
 matar, Skt. matar, Gr. p^r^p, I. E. "mater. 
 
 60. m < Ir. dm, e. g. maniyam (Tlll’fan MSS. man-), GAv. damanam. 
 
 61. m < Ar. sm < I. E. sm, e. g. amahy, Skt. Ved. smasi, I. E. 
 
 *s-mes(i). 
 
 y 
 
 62. y <C Ar. i < I. E. i, e. g. -ayam, Skt. ayam, Gl'. 17 a (for *yja. < ' 
 
 r/ ia), I. E. *eim. 
 
 V 
 
 63. v <C Ar. u < I. E. u, e. g. abava (New Pers. buvaS), Skt. abhavat, 
 
 I. E. *e-bheu-e-t. 
 
 r 
 
 64. r < Ar. r < I. E. r, e. g. pariy (New Pers. par-), Av. pairi, 
 
 Skt. pari, Gr. Wpi. 
 
 65. r < Ar. r < I. E. 1 , e. g. raucah (Turfan MSS. roj, New Pers. 
 
 roz), YAv. rue, Skt. rue, Gl’. Aeuxos, I. E. *leuq, *leuk. 
 
 66 . r < Ar. sr < I. E. sr, e. g. rautah (New Pers. r5d), Skt. srotas. 
 
 s 
 
 67. s (before t) < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. astiy, Av. asti, Skt. asti, 
 
 Gl’. ea-ri, I. E. *esti. 
 
 68 . s < Ar. s < I. E. k, e. g. vasiy (New Pers. bas), Av. vas, Skt. 
 
 vaQ, Gr. €kcoi/, I. E. *uek. 
 
 69. s < Ar. su <C I. E. ku, e. g. asa, YAv. aspa, Skt. a^va, I. E. 
 
 *ekuo-s. 
 
xii 
 
 ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 70. sp < Ar. su < I. E. ku, e. g. aspa (see above, New Pers. asp, 
 
 Oss. afsa), 7 Av. aspa, Skt. a£va, Gl‘. 1777705 , I. E. *ekuo-s. 
 
 71. S < Il\ s < I. E. skh, e. g. arasam (New Pei’S. rasaS) Skt. rchati, 
 
 I. E. su ffi x *-skh-e-ti. 
 
 72. S < Ir. s <C I. E. kskh, e. g. aparsam, Av. pgrgsami, Skt. prchami, 
 
 I. E. *prk-skho. 
 
 73. s < Ar. d z dh < I. E. dh-|-t, e. g. basta (for *bazda), Skt. baddha. 
 
 I. E. ’"bhndh-j-to. 
 
 74. st <[ Ar. st <C I. E. kt, e. g. ufrastam, variant of ufrastam; see st. 
 
 s 
 
 75. s < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. -saiy, Av. he, si, I. E. *se-. 
 
 76. s (after i- and u- vowels and r) < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. daustar, 
 
 P Av. zus, Skt. jus, I. E. "geus. 
 
 77. sn < Ar. sn < I. E. kn, e. g. vasna fr. rt. *vas, Av. vas, Skt. 
 
 uaQ, I. E. *uek. 
 
 78. st < Ar. st < I. E. kt, e. g. ufrastam fr. I. E. rt. *prek. 
 
 79. S <C Ir. s < I. E. ks, e. g. niy-apisam, s- class fl'. I. E. rt. *peik. 
 
 80. SC < I. E. sq, e. g. kasciy, Av. kascit, Skt. kaQ-cit. 
 
 81. sy < Ar. ti < I. E. ti , e. g. hasiya, Av. hai^ya, Skt. satya. 
 
 82. SC < I. E. tc, e. g. aniyasciy, Skt. anyaccid. 
 
 83. sy < Ar. ci <" I. E. qi, e. g. asiyavam (New Pers. savaS, Kurd. 
 
 clan), GAv. syu, Skt. cyu. 
 
 z 
 
 84. Z < Ar. z < I. E. g, e. g. -zana fr. rt. *zan, YAv. zan, Skt. jan, 
 
 I. E. *gen. 
 
 85. zrn < Ar. ihm < I. E. ghm, e. g. u-zm-ay-a, Gr. 
 
 86. z < Ir. z < Ar. 8 , e. g. azda (Middle Pers. azd, Afy. zda), 
 
 GAv. azda, Skt. addha. 
 
 h 
 
 87. h < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. aham, Skt. asam, Gl’. ^a, I. E. *es-m. 
 
 88 . hy (graphic, i. e. h'y) < Ar. si < 1. E. si, e. g. ahy, Skt. asasi, 
 
 I. E. *es-e-si. 
 
 89. nil (before u) < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. uska (New Pers. xusk), 
 
 YAv. huska, I. E. *susqo. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 xiii 
 
 90. nil (before m) < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. amiy, Av. ahmi, Skt. 
 
 asmi, I. E. "esmi. 
 
 91. nil (before r) < Ar. s < I. E. s, e. g. rautah (New Pers. rod), 
 
 Skt. srotas, Gr. peai (< *apep-io). 
 
 92. nil (often medially), cf. 0atiy *0ahatiy beside atfaha. 
 
 93. VOWEL GRADATION 
 
 ‘High’ Grade 
 1 )a. a(I. E. e : o) 
 
 b. ai(I. E. ei : oi), ya 
 
 c. au(I. E. eu : ou), va 
 
 d. ar(I. E. er : or), ra 
 
 e. an(I. E. en : on), na 
 
 /• 
 
 9 - 
 
 2) . a (I. E. e : o) 
 
 3) . a (I. E. a : o) 
 d). a (I. E. o) 
 
 1 )a. High grade: a (< I. E. e), e. g. had-i§ < I. E. rt. *sed, cf. Gr. 
 e'Sos; a (< I. E. o), e. g. -ah- suffix nom. n. <1. E. -os-, cf. 
 rauc-a. Low grade: i (< I. E. s), e. g. -is- suffix < I. E. 
 -os-, cf. -man-is; nil, e. g. vi-sta- <C I. E. *ui-zd-to-, fr. rt. *sed. 
 Lengthened grade: a (< I. E. e), e. g. -n-ah-, suffix nom. 
 m. < I. E. -n-es-, e. g. -far-na; a (< I. E. o), e. g. niyasadayam, 
 cf. Skt. sadayati. 
 
 1)^. High grade: ai (< I. E. ei), e. g. ai-tiy < I. E. *ei-ti, cf. Gr. 
 elcri. Low grade: i (< I. E. i), e. g. i-diy < I. E. *i-dhi, cf. 
 Gr. 1 O 1 . 
 
 l)c. High grade: au (< I. E. eu), e. g. a-bav-a < I. E. *e-bheu-e-t. 
 Low grade: u (< I. E. u), e. g. b-Iya < I. E. *bhu-i-ie-t. 
 Lengthened grade: au (< I. E. iu), e. g. dahyaus. 
 
 1 )d. High grade: ar (< I. E. er), e. g. a-bar-a < I. E. '"e-bher-e-t. 
 Low grade: ar (< I. E. r), e. g. u-bar-ta, cf. Skt. bhr-ta; 
 
 ‘Low’ Grade 
 nil, i (I. E. o) 
 i (I. E. i), y, iy 
 u (I. E. u),v,uv 
 ar (I. E. r), r 
 
 ( a ( L E - i) n 
 
 (a (I. E. H)’ 
 
 a (I. E. gi) 
 a (I. E. m) 
 ar(I. E. l (i)) 
 
 1 Lengthened ’ Grade 
 a (I. E. e : o) 
 ai (I. E. ei : oi), ya 
 au (I. E. eu : ou), va 
 ar (I. E. er : or), ra 
 
 an (1. E. en : on), na 
 
XIV 
 
 AXCIEXT PERSIAX LAX GE AGE 
 
 r (< I. E. r), e. g. pi# r -a, cf . YAv. pi0r-e. Lengthened grade: 
 ar (< I. E. er), e. g. pita, < I. E. *pater, cf. Gr. TraTrjp; ar 
 « I. E. or), e. g. brata, cf. Gr. <j>paTO)p. 
 
 1) e. High grade: an (< I. E. en), e. g. -man-is < I. E. rt. *men, 
 
 cf. Gr. /xAos. Low grade: a (< I. E. n), e. g. basta < I. 
 E. *bhndh-to-; a ( < I. E. n), e. g. a-da-na (New Pers. danaS) 
 < I. E. *gn-na-. Lengthened grade: an (I. E. on), e. g. 
 asman-am beside \ Av. asman-sm, Gl'. a.Kpov-a. 
 
 1 \f. Low grade: a (<i I. E. m), e. g. a-jam-iya <C I. E. ’^ginm-ie-t, cf. 
 Skt. gamyat; a (< I. E. m), e. g. ga-0u (New Pers. gah) < 
 I. E. v 'gm-tu-, cf. Av. ga-tu, Skt. ga-tu. 
 
 1 )g. Low grade: ar (< I. E. 1 ( 1 ) ), e. g. pam < I. E. *piiu. 
 
 2) . High grade: a (< I. E. e), e. g. a-da < I. E. rt. *dhe, cf. Gr. 
 
 TidrjfJU. 
 
 3) . High grade: a (< I. E. a), e. g. stana < Ar. rt. *stha, cf. Gr. 
 
 Dor. LCTTdfJU. 
 
 4) . High grade: a (< I. E. o),e. g. da-da-tuv < I. E. rt. *do, cf. 
 
 Gr. SiSiop-L, 
 
 94. ANAPTTXIS 
 
 u between d-r before u, e. g. adurujiya, YAv. druj, Skt. druh, I. E. 
 "dhreugh; also in suguda, P Av. suySa. 
 
 THE KOUN 
 Case-suffixes 
 
 95. Nom. sg. m. f. 
 
 With suffix: -s (< I. E. -s), u- stems, e. g. kuru-§, (dahyaus, form- 
 
 ative suffix -yu- = lengthened grade) ; i- stems, e. g. siyati-s; 
 also I- stems after analogy of stems in ii, e. g. harauvati-s 
 (cf. Skt. sarasvatl). 
 
 Without suffix: a- stems, e. g. haina (cf. I. E. ekua); a- stems 
 
 (< I. E. -o-s), e. g. kara; n- stems, e. g. xsa0 r apava (form- 
 ative suffix = lengthened grade); r- stems, e. g. brata 
 (formative suffix -tar- = lengthened grade); s- stems, e. 
 g. vi n dafama (formative suffix -nah- = lengthened grade), 
 auramazda (radical in s); s- stems, e. g. haxamanis. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 xv 
 
 96. Voc. sg. m. 
 
 Without suffix: a- stems (< I. E. -e-), e. g. martiya. 
 
 97. Acc. sg. m. f. 
 
 -m, -am (< I. E. m, m), a- stems ( < I. E. -o-m), e. g. karam; a- 
 stems (< I. E. -a -m), e. g. hainam; i- stems (< I. E. -i-m), 
 e. g. siyatim; U- stems (< 1. E. -u-m), e. g. magum, (dahyaum, 
 formative suffix -yu- = lengthened grade); I- stems, e. g. 
 harauvatim; n- stems, (< I. E. -n-m), e. g. asmanam (form- 
 ative suffix -man- = lengthened grade, beside YAv. asmanam, 
 Gr. ax/iow); r- stems (< I. E. -r-m), e. g. framataram; S- 
 stems (< I. E. -s-m), e. g. naham (radical in s), auramazdam 
 (radical in s) cf. GAv. mazdam (pronounced as three sylla- 
 bles, mazda(h)am); consonant stems (< I. E. -m), e. g. vi0am„ 
 
 98. Nom. acc. sg. n. 
 
 With suffix: -m (< I. E. m), a- stems (< I. E. -o-m), e. g. xsa0 r am. 
 
 Without suffix: n- stems (< I. E. -mn), e. g. nam a , nam a a (see 
 
 Tolman, Lex. 105); s- stems (< I. E. -s-), e. g. rauta; s- 
 stems, e. g. hadis. 
 
 99. Gen. sg. 
 
 -a(s),-(s) « I. E. -es:-os:-s), consonant stems, e. g. 0arda; s- stems, 
 e. g. auramazdaha (radical in s; frequently written — mazdaha 
 in Dar. Pers. d, e, NR; Xerx. Pers. a), -aya (< Ar. 
 -aias), a- stems, e. g. taumaya. -ai-s (written also - a ai-s) (< 
 Ar. -ai-s), i- stems, e. g. fravartais, cispais. -au-s (< Ar. 
 -au-s), u- stems, e. g. kuraus. -a(s) (weak stem -f- Ir. -as), 
 r- stems, e. g. pi0 r a (formative suffix -tar- = nil grade). 
 -hy a a, hya (< I. E. sio), a- stems (< I. E. -o-sio:-e-sio), e. g. 
 karahya, garmapadahya. -ya (< I. E. -ies), i- stems, e. g. 
 bUmiya. 
 
 100. Abl. sg. 
 
 -a(d) (< 1. E. od:-ed), a- stems (< I. E. -od, -ed), e. g. kara. 
 
 101. Loc. sg. 
 
 With suffix: -a (< I. E. -e(i), cf. Brugmann, Grundr. I 2 , pp. 203, 
 882), i- stems, e. g. ufrasta. -au ( ' I. E. -eu), u- stems, e. 
 
 2 
 
xvi 
 
 ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 g. babirauv, gaflava (with postpos. a), -i (< I. E. -i), a- 
 stems (< I. E. -o-i:-e-i), e. g. parsaiy, dastaya (with postpos. 
 a), -i (< I. E. -i), consonant stems, e. g. v ! 0iya (with 
 postpos. a); S- stems (< I. E. S-, -s-i), e. g. drayahya (with 
 postpos. a), mahya (radical in s; with postpos. a), -ay-a 
 (< Ar. ai + postpos. a), a- stems, e. g. arbairaya. -ya (< 
 I. E. -(i)ie), I- stems, e. g. harauvatiya. 
 
 102. Instr. sg. 
 
 -a (< I. E. -o-:-e-), a- stems, e. g. kara; borrowed also in conso- 
 nant stems, e. g. v'0a. 
 
 103. Nom., acc. dual, m. f. 
 
 -a (< I. E. - 0 -), a- stems, e. g. gausa. 
 
 104. Abl. instr. dual, m. 
 
 -biya (cf. GAv. -bya, P Av. -bya), a- stems, e. g. dastaibiya u[ta] 
 padaibiya, with both hands and feet , NRb. 1. 41 (Weiss- 
 bach, Phot.). 
 
 105. Nom. pi. m. f. 
 
 -a(s) (< I. E. -os), a- stems, e. g. martiya. -aha(s) (< Ar. -asas), 
 a- stems, e. g. bagaha. -a(s) (< I. E. -es), u- stems, dabyav-a 
 (formative suffix -yu- = lengthened grade). -a(s) (< I. E. 
 -as), a- stems, e. g. aniya. 
 
 106. Acc. pi. m. f. 
 
 -a(s) (< I. E. -ns, -ns), a- stems, e. g. martiya; u- stems, e. g. 
 dahyava (reformation). -a(s) ( for I. E. -ans against Brug- 
 mann's theory of 1. E. -as), a- stems, e. g. aniya. 
 
 10T. Aec. pi. n. 
 
 -a (< I. E. -a), a- stems, e. g. hamarana. 
 
 108. Gen. pi. 
 
 -anam (< Ar. -anam, borrowed from n- stems), a- stems, e. g. 
 baganam; a- stems, e. g. paruvzananam. -unam (< Al’. -Unam, 
 borrowed from n -stems), u- stems, e. g. dahytinam. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 xvn 
 
 109. Loc. pi. 
 
 -uv-a, -suv-a (< I. E. -s-u) with postpos. a, a- stems (< I. E. 
 -oi-su), e. g. madaisuva; a- stems (< I. E. -a-su), e. g. aniyauva; 
 U- stems (< I. E. -u-su), e. g. dahyusuva. 
 
 110. Instr. pi. 
 
 -bis (< Ar. -bhis), e. g. v'i0 a ib a is (see Tolman, Lex. 125); s- stems, 
 e. g. raucabis; assumed also by a- stems in place of Ar. -ais 
 (< I. E. -ois), e. g. martiyaibis. 
 
 THE PRONOUN 
 
 111. Pron. Personal 
 
 First person: Nom. sg. adam (< I. E. *eg(h)o(m), Skt. abam, Av. 
 azam; Acc. Sg. mam (A L E. "mem beside "erne, *me), Skt. 
 mam, GAv. mam; Abl. Sg. ma (\ I. E. v 'med), Skt. mad, 
 GAv. mat; Gen. sg. mana (< I. E. *me-ne beside *eme), 
 YAv. mana; maiy (< I. E. loc. *mei, *moi); Norm pi. vayam 
 (< I. E. ~ue-), Skt. vayam, GAv. vaem; Gen. pi. amaxam 
 (<C I. E. "ns-sme -f- Al’. suffix aka), T Av. ahmakom, Skt. 
 asmakam. 
 
 Second person: Nom. sg. tuvam (< I. E. *tu), Skt. tvam, GAv. 
 tvim; Acc. sg. 0ilvam (< I. E. *tuem beside *tue, *te), Skt. 
 tvam, GAv. 6v am; Gen. sg. taiy (< I. E. loc. *t(u)ei, *t(u)oi). 
 
 Third person: -sa (< I. E. *se-), Dat. sg. -saiy (GAv. hoi); Abl. 
 sg. -sa (YAv. ho); Gen. pi. -sam (reformation). 
 
 112. Pron. Interrog. 
 
 ka (< I. E. *qo), Av. ka, Skt. ka: Nom. Sg. m. kas-ciy; Acc. Sg. n. 
 cis-ciy. 
 
 113. Pron. Rel. 
 
 hya (< I. E. *sio, *sia), Skt. sya: Nom. sg. m. hya; Nom. sg. f. 
 hya. 
 
 tya (< I. E. *tio, *tia), Skt. tya. Ir. tia for "0ia, Anc. Pers. *siya, 
 is due to analogy of demon, ta, cf. Tolman, Lex., 94. 
 Acc. Sg. rn. tyam; Acc. Sg. f. tyam; Acc. Sg. n. tya; Nom. 
 acc. pi. m. tyaiy; Nom. acc. pi. f. tya; Nom. acc. pi. n. tya 
 (if writing tyana in Bh. 1. 23 be dittography) ; Gen. pi. m. 
 tyaisam; As gen. pi. f. tyaisam. 
 
AXCIEXT PERSIAX LAX GU AGE 
 
 xviii 
 
 114. Pron. Demon. 
 
 Nom. s g. m. f. hauv (< I. E. *so + u), Gr. oS-to-s, Skt. sa-, written 
 hauv a m a in Bk. 1. 24, cf. Tolman, Lex., 131. 
 
 Nom. sg. m. f. iyam (< I. E. *i- f.). 
 
 ima (< Ar. x ‘ima, *ima), Skt. ima, Av. ima: Acc. Sg. 111 . imam; 
 Acc. Sg. f. imam; Acc. Sg. n. ima; Nom. acc. pi. m. imaiy; 
 Norn. acc. pi. f. ima; Acc. pi. n. ima; Gen. pi. m. imaisam. 
 ana (< Ar. *ana), Skt. ana, Av. ana: Instr. sg. ana. 
 aita (< 1. E. *eito), YAv. aeta, Skt. eta: Acc. sg. n. aita. 
 ava (< I. E. *ouo, *oua), Av. ava: Acc. sg. m. avam; Acc. sg. n. 
 ava (< *avat, e. g. avas-ciy); Gen. sg. m. avahya; Nom. pi. m. 
 avaiy; Nom. pi. f. ava; As acc. pi. m. avaiy; Gen. pi. in. 
 avaisam. 
 
 a (< I. E. *o), Av. a, Skt. a: Gen. sg. f. ahyaya, ahiyaya; Loc. sg. 
 
 f. ahyaya, ahiyaya, cf. Tolman, Lex., 59. 
 
 -si (< I. E. *si): Acc. sg. -sim (YAv. him, Skt. sim); Acc. pi. 
 -sis (Y Av. his). 
 
 -di (< Ar. *di), YAv. di: Acc. sg. f. dim; Acc. pi. m. f. dis. 
 
 THE VERB 
 
 115. Primary Endings 
 
 Active Middle 
 
 1 sg. -miy (< I. E. -mi, un thematic) -aiy(< Ar. -ai, reformation) 
 “ -a-miy (< I. E. -6, thematic) 
 
 2 sg. -hy (i. e. -h'y I. E. -si) -hay ( I. E. -sai) 
 
 3 sg. -tiy (< I. E. -ti) -taiy (< I. E. -tai) 
 
 1 pi. -mahy (i. e. mah y < I. E. -mes-(i), -mos-(i)) 
 
 3 pi. -a"tiy, ”tiy ( I. E. -enti, -nti) 
 
 116. Secondary Endings 
 
 1 sg. -am, -m (< I. E. -m, -m) -iy (< Ar. -i) 
 
 2 sg. -(h) (< I. E. -s) 
 
 3 sg. -(t) « I. E. -t) -ta « I. E. -to) 
 
 1 pi. -ma (< I. E. -me, -mo) 
 
 2 pi. -ta (< Ar. -ta) 
 
 8 pi. -a(n), -(n) (< I. E. -ent, -nt) 
 
 -"ta (< I. E. -nto) 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 xix 
 
 117. Imperative Endings 
 Active Middle 
 
 2 sg. Without suffix; thematic -uva (< Ar. -sua) 
 
 “ -diy (I. E. -dhi) 
 
 3 sg. -tuv (< I. E. -t -f- pci. u) -tam (< Ar. -tam) 
 
 2 pi. -ta (< Ar. -ta) 
 
 117. n. The endings s (< Ir. st) and sa n of the sigmatic aorist 
 (§121) appear in adarsnaus; akunaus; adurujiyasa". 
 
 118. Subjunctive 
 
 Mode-sign -a- (< I. E. -e-, -o-): strong stem with primary or 
 secondary endings; unthematic, e. g. ah-a-tiy (< I. E. 
 *es-e-t(i)), Skt. as-a-t(i), Lat. er-i-t, cf. Gr. Horn. ‘i-o-pev (f or 
 *e(t)-o-/i£v; thematic, e. g. bavatiy (bava-a-tiy?) ( < I. E. 
 *bheu-e-t(i), Skt. bhavati; jiva (jiva-a-(h)?, secondary end- 
 ing); unthematic with -a-, e. g. kunav-a-hy, cf. Skt. kr-nav-a-t. 
 
 11 9. Optative 
 
 Mode-sign -ya-, in sg. of unthematic conjugation, (< I. E. -ie-): 
 weak stem with secondary endings, e. g. jamiya (< I. E. 
 *gmm-ie-t), Skt. gam-ya-t, cf. Gr. Cypr. d'»;i/(<*ecr-t7;-v), 
 
 Old Lat. s-ie-t. 
 
 Mode-sign -i- (< I. E. -I-): This regular ablaut sign for the the- 
 matic conjugation (I. E. *bhero-l-s, Gr. Skt. bhares) 
 
 would be preserved in [vajrtiyaiy, Bh. 1. 11, if Bartholo- 
 mae’s conjectural reading (WZKM. 22. 69) be correct, 
 cf. Tolman, Lex., 122. I would transliterate vinatfayaisa 
 (Weissbach, Phot.) in NRb. 1. 20, vina&iyais, regarding it 
 as 2nd sg. opt. causative of na0, destroy , Av. nas. 
 
 120. Injunctive 
 
 These forms, which resemble augmentless preterites, cf. I. E. 
 *bheret, appear in Ancient Persian always with imperative 
 meaning: e. g. 1 sg. ma [tajrsam (Dar. Pers. e. 21); 2 sg. 
 ma 0adaya (NRa. 58), cf . Skt. \ ed. das, Gl’. €7rov « 
 
 *£n-e-o-o), Lat. sequere (< *seqe-so). Here belong the Indo- 
 Iranian 3 sg. and pi. Imperative, e. g. 3 sg. nika"tuv (< 
 nika"(t) -f- pel. u), Bh. 1. 80; 2 pi. paraita, cf. Skt. bharata, 
 
 Gl'. <^£/3£T£. 
 
XX 
 
 ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 121. Imperative 
 
 The act. 2 pi. , e. g. jata, and 3 sg. , e. g. barat-uv (see above) are 
 injunctives with fixed imperative value. 
 
 The 2 sg. (thematic), e. g. jiva is subjunctive (see above). 
 
 The proethnic imperative is seen in 2 sg: (unthematic): e. g. 
 paraidiy, jadiy, cf. I. E. *i-dhi, Skt. i-hi, Gl\ Wi. 
 
 Imperative forms peculiar to Indo-Iranian : mid. 2 sg., e. g. 
 pati-paya-uva, cf. Skt. bhavasva; mid., 3 Sg., e. g. vamava-tam, 
 cf. Skt. bhara-tam. 
 
 122. Reduplication 
 
 The few examples of reduplication show, 1) the short vowel 
 -a- (< I. E. -e-) in the reduplicating syllable, e. g. da- 
 da-tuv, Skt. da-da-tu, 2) the substitution of the palatal for 
 the guttural, e. g. ca-xr-iya fr. rt. kar-, 3) the prevailing -i- 
 (< I. E. -i-) as vowel of the reduplicator in present sys- 
 tem, e. g. aistata < *a-si-stata, cf. Skt. tisthati, Av. histaiti, 
 Gr. i-o-Tij-fu, Eat. si-sto. 
 
 123. Augment 
 
 The augment is a prefixed a (I. E. e, originally a temporal par- 
 ticle): e. g. a-baram, I. E. *e bherom, Skt. abharam, Gr. tcf>epov. 
 With the initial vowel of the root the augment contracts into 
 . long vowel or heavy diphthong: e. g. aham (< I. E. ^es-m, 
 i. e. *e-es-m), Skt. asam, Gr. Horn, r/a; nij-ayam (< I. E. 
 *ei-m), Skt. ayam, Gr. ija for (< 571 -a). 
 
 121. Verb-Classes 
 (showing present system) 
 
 A. Unthematic; Indo-Iranian characteristics shown in Anc. Per- 
 sian are: 1) strong stem in sg., weak in pi.; 2) opt. sign 
 -ya- for act. sg. 
 
 1) Root-class (strong rt. = high grade; weak rt. = low grade): 
 
 personal endings added directly to root; e. g. aitiy, aja", 
 jadiy, cf. I. E.* ei-mi, *i-mes, Skt. e-mi, i-mas, Gl’. el-pi, Z-pev, 
 Lat. is < *eis. 
 
 2) Reduplicating class (strong rt. = high grade; weak rt. = low 
 
 grade): da-da-tuv, cf. I. E. *di-do-ti, YAv. daSaiti, Skt. dadati; 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 xxi 
 
 aistata (with thematic vowel) < *a-si-st-a-ta, cf. Av. histaiti, 
 Skt. tisthati. 
 
 3) nu- class: low grade of rt. -f- nau-, strong form, sg., (< I. E. 
 
 -neu-: -nu-: -nu-: nu-); e. g. aku-nav-am fr. l‘t. kar-, cf. Skt. 
 a-kr-nav-am. 
 
 O • 
 
 4) na- class: low grade of rt. -f- na-, strong form, sg., (< I. E. 
 
 -na-:-na-); e. g. a-da-na (< I. E. *gn-na-), cf. Skt. ja-na-mi; 
 a-di-na-m (thematic), a-dl-na, cf. Skt. mr-na-mi, Gl’. fx.ap-va-fj.aL. 
 
 5) s- class (cf. s- aor.): I. E. *peik -f- s > Anc. Pers. pis, e. g. niy- 
 
 apisam, cf. Skt. bhasati, Gl'. /Adco < *kA.ck7w < *klso. 
 
 6) Intensive: heavy reduplication -f- strong stem, (rt. = high 
 
 grade), e. g. niy-a-# r a-ray-am, YAv. nisraraya (thematic), cf. 
 Skt. carkarmi. 
 
 B. Thematic; Indo-lranian characteristics which occur are: 1) 
 constant stem; 2) opt. in -I-; 3) long vowel in subjunctive; 
 4) assumption of -miy of the un thematic class in 1 sg., e. 
 g. bar-a-miy (< I. E. *bhero, cf. Gr. <£ejo<«>). 
 
 7) Unaccented a- class: high grade of rt. -j- a-; e. g. a-nay-a fr. 
 
 rt. ni-, cf. Skt. nay-a-ti. 
 
 8) Accented a- class: low-grade of rt. -f- a-; e. g. av[a?]har[da] 
 
 (augmentless? cf. Tolman, Lex., 70), Skt. Yed. ava srjat. 
 
 9) Reduplicating class: reduplication -f- low grade of rt. -j- the- 
 
 matic vowel; e. g. a-i-st-a-ta < ' v a-si-st-a-ta, cf. Skt. ti-sth-a-ti, 
 Av. hi-st-a-iti, Lat. si-st-o. 
 
 10) I- class: rt. + I-, e. g. a-garb-i-ta (pass. part. nom. m., cf. 
 
 Bartholomae, WZKM. 22. 65; Tolman, Lex., 88), Skt. 
 agrbhlta; biya < I. E. *bhu-I-ie-t), cf. Skt. abravit, YAv. vya- 
 mrvlta. 
 
 11) Nasal class: low grade of rt. with “infixed” nasal -f- the- 
 
 matic vowel; e. g. vi n da(t) act. pres, part., in vi n da-farnah, 
 cf. Skt. vindati. 
 
 12) nav-a- class: weak rt. -j- nav-a- (< I. E. neu-o-); e. g. aku-nav- 
 
 a-”ta, ku-nav-a-hy (subj.) fr. l’t. kar-, cf. Skt. kr-nav-a-t. 
 
 13) Inchoative class: rt. -f- sa- (< I. E. skh-o-); e. g. aparsam, Skt. 
 
 prchati, Av. psrasaiti. 
 
 14) Unaccented ya- class: high grade of rt. + ya- (*gher-io- type); 
 
 e. g. jadiyamiy (< I. E. *ghedh-io), cf. Skt. har-ya-ti, Gr. 
 <fjOe.Lp<a, Aeol. <f>6eppo) *<f>6ep-iw. 
 
xxii 
 
 ax ci ext Persia: n laxguage 
 
 15) Accented ya- class: a ) low grade of rt. + ya- (*ghr-io- type); 
 
 e. g. adurujiya, Skt. druh-ya-ti, cf. Gl’. /3dA-A.o> < *(3a\-iu> < 
 *gl-io. b ) passive; low grade of rt. -f- ya -f- middle endings; 
 e. g. akariya n ta (Tolman, Lex., 81), cf. Skt. kr-iya-te; 0ah- 
 ya-mahy (with active ending); a#ahya (with active ending, 
 if thus read, cf. Tolman, Lex., 96). 
 
 16) ay 4- a- class: low grade of rt. -f- ay -|- thematic vowel; e. g. 
 
 a-garb-aya-m, cf. Skt. grbhayati. 
 
 1 1 ) aya- class: low grade of rt. -f- aya-; e. g. 6adaya, YAv. saSayeiti; 
 viyatarayama, cf. Skt. turayati. 
 
 18) v- class: rt. -f- v -f- thematic vowel; e. g. jiva, cf. Av. jivaiti, 
 
 Skt. jivati. 
 
 19) Causative and Iterative: lengthened grade of rt. : high grade 
 
 of 1’t. : -f" aya-; e. g. dar-aya-miy, YAv. darayeiti, Skt. dharayati. 
 
 20) nav-aya- class: low grade of rt. -f- nav -f- aya-; e. g. a-ku-nav- 
 
 aya- n ta fr. rt. kar-. 
 
 21) Denominative: noun-stem -(- ya-; e. g. patiyavahyaiy, Skt. 
 
 avas-ya-. 
 
 125. S-Aorist 
 
 Augment -j- rt. -f- s: e. g. a-dar-s-iy (or adarsaiy with thematic 
 VOWel), Skt. a-dhar-s-am, GAv. dare-s-t. 
 
 126. Root Aorist 
 
 Augment + rt. : e. g. ada, Skt. adhat. 
 
 127. ‘Passive’ Aorist 
 
 Augment -f lengthened grade of rt. -f iy (3 sg.): e. g. adariy, 
 Skt. adhari. 
 
 128. Reduplicated Perfect 
 
 Reduplication -f low grade of rt. in weak stem: e. g. ca-xr-iya 
 (opt. 3 sg.) fr. rt. kar-, cf. Skt. ca-kr-iya-s. For consonant 
 of reduplication, see §121. 2: for x < Ar. k, see §31. 
 
 129. Infinitive 
 
 Rt. + suffix -tanaiy (cf. Bartholomae, Grundr. 258, c): e. g. car- 
 tanaiy fr. rt. kar-; 0astanaiy fr. l't. #ah-. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGE AGE 
 
 xxiii 
 
 130 . Passive Participle 
 
 Suffix -ta(< I. E. -to): e. g. kar-ta, Skt. kr-ta. 
 
 SUFFIXES 
 131 . Primary 
 
 (root generally = high grade) 
 
 -a- (< I. E. -e-: -o-), e. g. gausa (New Pers. gos), YAv. gaosa, Skt. 
 ghosa. 
 
 -an- (< I. E. -en-), e. g. *arsan, YAv. arsan, Gr. tpvrjv. 
 
 -ana- (< I. E. -eno-: -ono-), e. g. hamarana, Av. hamarona, Skt. sam- 
 arana. 
 
 -ah- (< I. E. -es-: -os-), e. g. raucah (Turfan MSS. roj), Av. raocah. 
 -i- (< I. E. -i-), e. g. baji (New Pers. baz). 
 
 -is- (<[ I. E. -o-s-), e. g. hadis. 
 
 -u- (< I. E, -u-), e. g. paru (Middle Pers. pur), YAv. pouru, Skt. puru; 
 
 a-u-ra, Av. ah-u-ra, Skt. as-u-ra. 
 
 -ka- (< I. E. -qo-), e. g. uska, YAv. huska (New Pei’S, xusk). 
 
 -ta- (< I. E. -to-), e. g. dasta (New Pers. dast), Av. zasta, Skt. hasta. 
 -tar- (< I. E. -ter-), e. g. pitar (Turfan MSS. pidar), Av. pitar, Skt. 
 pitar; jatar or ja n tar (Middle Pers. zatar), YAv. jantar, Skt. 
 hantar. 
 
 -tah- (< I. E. -t-es-), e. g. rautah (New Pers. rod), Skt. srotas. 
 
 -ti- (< 1. E. -ti-), e. g. siyati (Turfan MSS. sad), YAv. sati. 
 
 -tu- becoming -On- through influence of -On (< I. E. -tu-), e. g. gaOn 
 (Turfan MSS. gah), Av. gatu, Skt. gatu. 
 
 -6 r a- (< I. E. -tro-), e. g. xsa# r a (New Pers. sahr), Av. xsa^ra, Skt. 
 ksatra. 
 
 -na- (< I. E. -no-), e. g. kamna (New Pers. kam), YAv. kamna; haina 
 (Middle Pers. hen), YAv. haena, Skt. sena. 
 
 -nah- (<I. E. -n-es-), e. g. *farnah, YAv. x v arenah. 
 
 -nt- (< I. E. -nt-: -nt-), e. g. vi n da- act. pres. part. (vi n da-farnah). 
 -man- (< I. E. -men-), e. g. asman (Turfan MSS. asman), YAv. asman, 
 Skt. aQman. 
 
 -ya- (< I. E. -io-), e. g. hasiya fr. *hat (I. E. *snt, weak stem to pres, 
 part, of *es, be) + ya, YAv. hai^ya, Skt. satya. 
 
xxiv 
 
 ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 -yu- (< I. E. -ill-), e. g. dahyu (Middle Pers. deh), YAy. dahyu, Skt. 
 dasyu. 
 
 -ra- (< I. E. -ro-), e. g. *0ukra (New Pers. surx), YAv. suxra, Skt. 
 (Jukra. 
 
 -ova-, -pa- (< I. E. -uo-, -uuo-), e. g. haruva(Turfan MSS. harv), YAv. 
 
 haurva, Skt. sarva; aspa (New Pers. asp), YAv. aspa, Skt. a$va. 
 -siya- (< Ar. -t-ia-), e. g. anusiya. 
 
 -siyu- (< I. E. -t-iu-), e. g. *marsiyu, Av. mSrS^yu, Skt. mrtyu. 
 
 132. Secondary 
 
 (added to primary derivatives) 
 
 -a- (< I. E. -e-: -o-), e. g. u-zm-a, what is up from the earth, stake. 
 -ana- (< I. E. -eno-: -ono-), e. g. varkana; cf. YAv. v^hrka, wolf. 
 -ara- (< I. E. -ero-), e. g. apara, Av. apara, Skt. apara. 
 
 -I- (< I. E. -I-), e. g. harauvat-l, Skt. sarasvat-l. 
 
 -in- (<i I. E. -ien-: -in-), e. g. vi$in (vi^ibis bagaibis = Oeol /lacnAj/ioi, 
 not read vi&ubis; see Tolman, Lex., 125.). 
 
 -ista- (< I. E. -is-to-), stem without formative suffix, e. g. maftsta, 
 super 1. to *ma 9, great. 
 
 -ka- (< I. E. -qo-), e. g. ba n daka; cf. YAv. banda (New Pers. band), 
 Skt. bandha. 
 
 -tara- (< I. E. -tero-), e. g. apatara, comp, to apa. . 
 
 -tama- (<C 1. E. -tmmo-), e. g. fratama, Slipei'l. to fra. 
 
 -ma- (< I. E. -mo-: -mmo-), e. g. navama, YAv. nauma, Skt. navama. 
 -iya- (< I. E. -io-: -iio-), e. g. haxamanisiya. 
 
 -yah- (< I. E. -ies-), stem without formative suffix, e. g. ^vahyah 
 (vahyaz-data), GAv. vahyah; comp, to "va(h)u, good. 
 
 -ra- (< I. E. -ro-), e. g. aura, Av. ahura, Skt. asura. 
 
 -vant- « I. E. -uent-: -unt-), e. g. harauvatl (for *harah, water , 4- vat), 
 Skt. sarasvatl. 
 
 133. Adverbial Suffixes 
 
 -ta = Av. -ta, Skt. -ta, e. g. uta (Turf an MSS. ud), YAv. uta, Skt. 
 uta. 
 
 -tah {from, < I. E. -tos), e. g. paruviyata. 
 
 -tar (place) = Av. -tar, Skt. -tar, e. g. a n tar (Turfan MSS. andar), 
 Av. antaro, Skt. antar. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN LANGUAGE 
 
 XXV 
 
 -6a (manner) = Av. -6a, Skt. -tha, e. g. ya6a, Av. ya6a, Skt. yatha. 
 -da (place) = Av. -3a, Skt. -ha, e. g. ida, YAv. iSa, Skt. iha. 
 
 -da (time) = Av. -da, -da, Skt. -da, -dha, -dha, e. g. ada, YAv. aSa, 
 Skt. adha, adha. 
 
 Case forms as adverbs: e. g. ciy, YAv. cit, Skt. cit; aparam, Av. 
 aparam, Skt. aparam; diiraiy, Av. duire, Skt. dure; azda (Middle 
 Pei'S, azd), GAv. azda, Skt. addha. 
 
 134. Verbal Prefixes 
 
 a, to, Av. a, Skt. a. 
 
 atiy, beyond, (Turfan ]MSS. ad, ed), YAv. aiti, Skt. ati. 
 
 abiy, to, upon, GAv. aibl, YAv. aiwi, Skt. abhi. 
 
 apa, away, T Av. apa, Skt. apa. 
 
 ava, down, (Middle Pers. o), Av. ava, Skt. ava. 
 
 upa, 'unto, Av. upa, Skt. upa. 
 
 ud, us, up, (Middle Pers. uz), Av. us, uz, Skt. ud. 
 
 niy, down, (New Pers. ni-), Av. ni, Skt. ni. 
 
 nij, away, Av. nis, Skt. nis. 
 
 patiy, against (Turfan MSS. pad, New Pers. paS), Av. paiti. 
 
 para, away, Av. para, Skt. para. 
 
 pariy, about, (New Pers. par-), Av. pairi, Skt. pari. 
 
 fra, forth, (Middle Pers. fra, New Pers. far), Av. fra, Skt. pra. 
 
 viy ; apart, (New Pers. gu-), Av. vi, Skt. vi. 
 
 ham, together, (Middle Pers. ham), GAv. ham, \ Av. ham, Skt. sam. 
 
Cuneiform Syllabary. 
 
 
 r i ^ s#' sos 
 
 If A? 
 
 F f 'i'iS' ytfs 
 
 r- y^ 
 
 <u~ 
 
 <X/T 
 
 W r 
 
 rr^- 
 
 uty~ 
 
 Kl e*' 
 
 TP 
 
 rr y 
 
 77 ^ 
 
 
 K/~ 
 
 -r y* 
 
 y /«.-«' 
 
 
 "~i r f /n^ a ' 
 
 Vr ^ 
 
 <5 
 
 
 
 5<- 
 
 
 = 1 . 
 
 si/ c 
 
 K'v* 
 
 . / — _ 
 
 « Jr~ if $ 
 
 £ 
 
 ^r> 
 
 r "7~ 
 
 Ideograms. 
 
 77 
 
 
 K fP, <X^ } f>l/M l <i \\, PA H - K, A-**t<xr- 
 
 /?0& zf’ ' r ~f^ ■ /4 
 
 —■ — ■i . . „ ;= , r Z = /:_,,,„ .,'— . 
 
 m 
 
 cJcl*' / 70 S' ^'/l£s- t ^ , 
 
 /fsis^ &L&7 sS*-. 
 
 Word-dividers. 
 
 < \ 
 
 Numerals. 
 
 r r rr/Y rrrrr / / r < < 7 f j- 
 
 l,s r,X rnf,v rrrrljf V, /« \r,/Z <r/,i.?'^ 
 
INSCRIPTIONS OF BEHISTAN (Bh) 
 
 COLUMN I 
 
 / / < Ttt rr "~frf i Tr 77r "^-f K" T rr « < 
 
 7< rrr r<" f<r TT r<r < ^ M r* < «ffj<< rn 
 Kr [<[ "rr [r<r < «ff << 77r r<3 K r rTrt" Trr -< 
 
 Trr r < « T ^ rrr r<r Kf rT r<r < tt rrr -T [7^ 
 rr r<" i «rr TT TTr r<r Kf 77 rT < Tr TKfrTTrr 
 
 K Trr ^frT <J rT <T ^frf ^ TTr 7 ? <K_r<7 rrr T 
 
 ^ <7r Tr < TTr Tf 7< Trr "frf <K r<7 rrr < K 
 
 Tr TTr < <-< «7f Trr "fr( K Tr 7< [7F r<T 
 
 i. < f<rj TTr -frf TT r<7 < ^ Tr rrr Tf r<r <7r 
 
 <X < «ff ^ Trr r<" Kf TT r<- < "TT K TTr < 
 
 TF -Trf rrr < fr << -frf Trr Tt t < ?T « Krf rrr 
 
 fT t [<?< r<r TTr < tf 77 ^Tr Q Trr < Trr <7 
 
 p Trr -frr < Trr <X TTr ^rf <K r<r rrr 7 t 
 TT *Trf TTr < Trr Tr r<^ rrr ^fr T K < rrr 
 77 r <- TTr "ftf K <K r<r TrT^^rr r T -frf^Trr <_ 
 Tr 7F T< 7 F TT 7<] < Tr 7T « t? ^ rrr TT « < Tr 
 TT^r 777 < <r< «ff Trr -frT K TT Z< 
 
 3. < Kf 777 -frf TT r<7 < Tr rrr ^ r<T 'fe < rr 7? 
 
 < «rr 7< TTr r<7[f<r TT r<r < rrr 'T^i « r<r 
 
 Trr #&nr<- < r<— rrr < <K «rr Trr 
 
 -frf K TT « 7 r '<7 rrr < Kf <K r<7 rrr ^Tr T 
 <-< r<7 < <-< rr Trr < ^ K< <77 tT [TT Kr*Tff 
 
 < TTr] r frf TTr *frf TTr < 777 HTf ^ <K r<r < 
 
 <K rr 777 < Tr "« <TT ?T TT r<7 ^frf < <K r<r 
 TTr < TTr "77 777 «ff "[7f < -frf <rWrf 777 < 
 
7 
 
 THE BEH1STAN JNSCRI PTION 
 
 « 77 « ::: r&[7<7 7F t< r rrr ( Tr:]<=< 
 f. ( 7<7 y 77: =7:7 r7r<- < 77 777 7=7 r<— 7,£r <77 
 « < «77 7<77:,r<-7<7 77r<-<7 W <-7:7 =<77: < 
 ^7: 7 <7: -77 rrr r<r i [77 > < =7:7 r<r TjjK^ < MJ^«<Tr 
 -r?E -77 /JT< «77K77: r<- 7<7 77 r<- 77: < 77r<=< < 
 77: 77'- 7' 7 < =< 7^ -/V/' < 77777 < <^f <77f:77 =7:777: 
 Wr 777 =<^7r7 [( r-777= r<- 77 {? <7T « 77: \<r 7<7 u 
 /j)r<7 77: i 77777 <^<r& 
 
 5. < 7<7 77: =7: 7 77 r <- < rr rrr ^A7- -7£<T:Z7< «77 
 
 7< rrr 7-r7 rf><- < -r^/J?^<7fr <] 77: <7: 777^7:7 
 7-7 7: /j) 77: <=< <77:77 - 7:7 < «77 « 77: r<r 77 rr r<- 
 < rrr 7<- rrX- < 77: <7: 7=7 77 77 7r 77? < «77 7 ? 
 
 < 777 777 g r«^r]77r-7^7 
 
 6. ( 7<7 ip 77: = 7r7 77 7- <" fr rrr 77 r<- -r^T <r7 <7< 7 
 
 <7 77: r< 7<7 7r r<7 < 77^7 77: < T: <=< r<7 77: ^7= < 
 =7:7 r<r Trr < ^7:7 =<77: £ ^ =7rf]:rr<- 77::7 77 < 
 7£ 7(=< ij) 77: ( 77: <7: 777 7—7 7: 77: <K < [Trrj 
 7? 7 rr T< Trr -rrr < «77« 77: r<r 7<7 77 r<- < 77: <-< 
 -rrr < p= 77:77=77= <<T77£7< fT/rrr-ATr 
 7< <77 £< < 777 i5j7<7<T: =7 77: < rrr ^r-7 777 r<- 
 [<(] ^<- <rr rr ^r Trr r<- < 77 r<r 77 r<- < T:= 7 r<-<F< 
 r<- rrr < r= ^ r =77: < 7- <rr 7 [frr < 77 Trr 77] < 
 77: 777 r<- 77 7 < 7= 7r r r , 9 ^ r 7:7- <7: 7= < Wr=7 7<f 
 '-77 < : 7— 7 7=7 7= < <=<=777-7= < <7: -7=77: =7 
 7—7 r<- r r 7- , < 7 Trr «rr 77 =7 77 « ,< [[= <7: < =7] 
 <77T: < <77- ,7: 77: =7 < 7= ,y 7t < 7<7 =7:7 <== 
 <7r << < <-< [=7]<7r 77 = 7:7 77 « < 77 7= < 7« 
 =r <f< ^r-r^ -rrr < ?r <k r<- Trr -r^ <<r7 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 i 
 
 7( F<FmTrf?7r<- 7Tr77rTF iyr7--FT<777< < 77FF 
 <T TTr r<r F7F 77 r<- ( 7r -FrF Trr 7 77 <p< r<r 77 r r -F^ 
 
 < ^FrF r<r Tr < -FrF r< Trr 7 Tr *=FrF 7r[r<r 777 77 tfj 
 7 ^FZ <X K 77 r i TTriTr nj FTF-FrF F r -F Tr.TTr <-< *<7 
 TrF[K ']Tr < -F 7 F^ TTt < 77 <P< -rrfTTF ( -FrF r< 
 Trr < rf 77r -<T 77 -FrF < 77? s=f TF^FrF Tr /< 
 
 r&J << 7>r f < ,<K TTWr-FrF jJ ( s TTr F<F <-< r<r < 
 
 tfrr vc ^ ^ ? 7 ? < <7 rr T r ^f 77-fft 77, 7 < 
 
 77 r -FTT < 77r<F \77^<777 ri-TrF 77 
 F<F 77 rfrF77 r7- < [TrTrrTfj K--FFT 2 j> 77r <X 7 
 «FFTTr r<- F<F77r7- < Trr^FrFFTF < 77 -FrF 77 r < 
 7r <-< rf 77r < -/rf ZEf rfiF rrr<- < <?<r<-« < 77 r 
 {Ft- ^F [?FrF Trr] < TTr 7^7 < Trr-FT= -FrF <77 jy 
 ^F TF^FrF TrF < TTr *F TF -FrF [{] <^< r7- 7 TTrTFrf 
 < 77r<U < Trr -FT -FrF < <77 F77FTF FT? ^FrF 
 -FrF < TrrWr ^7 FT Tr F < -FT T^<[m] < TTr 
 777 TF-FrF FT 77 77 r J 3 j <-7 ( 77 -FrF Trr 7 7r7^7 
 \7-_ TTr -FT < tlrF r7-^( TTr 7 -FrF -< TTr ( Tr TTr 
 ' FrF TTr ( Trr Zr TFrr r7- TTr r<r 7 r7-F7F Trr <X 
 Tr-FrF 7 <?7 7T TTr -FrF 7 TTrKF <-< zy r<- ( 
 FTrr]-FT P <r Trr 7 TTr <F <T K -fe r<- -FrF TTr 
 l< F<F TTr f F rF 77 r<- < 77 TTr TF r7- -FT 7Tr Z7 7 
 «FF 77 TTr r<- F(F 77 r<- < TTr <Tr TF -FrFJ-T Tr TTr Ti) 
 ^FrF[frr7 r (] 7r r Fr\ 7 «FF 77 rr TrFT F«7ZFT7r 
 ^FTF 7 TTr<77TFTrF F-F TrTrr TrF 77 r<- 7 TTr 
 FT z-FrF TTr r FrX 7 TTr rf TF 7 r<- TTr ^FrFJTr 7 Tr 
 - FrF 7 77FF 7< Tr -FrF < <=7(-Fr[[!Tr Trr TF rTr 7r[K-] 
 
 < -FT 7< -< TTr 7 TTr 7 Tr TF-FrF F—F Tr TTr 7^7 * 7 
 
4 
 
 THE B EH 1ST AN INSCRI PTI ON 
 
 7T"IrI < «AA^rr-ArA< TrTrr^lK"TrrI<"77Tr 
 10. ( 7<I rrr jjj ^Irl 77 r& < Tr TTr FA r<r T F TTr T< < 
 «IIT<Vrr<"Kf7h<" <77"IrI < *UU<" <"\rl*< 
 TTr^< ApF/W^A < Wr IT TTr "IT < K'A A<A 
 Trr < «\\^ 3 ^)TTrA KI 77 r< " < 77? pA "\rT "\r\ < 
 I" "I <Tr -<r 77 r<r < -<7rr -ArA < <7 <Tr FA <Tr T< 
 
 < <77 Tr < TTr^Irl 7rr«AA Trl < "Irl <Ti hVA TTr 
 r<y jj> TTr < <p< <Tr -AF -i r [ < 77 Tr TTr < «II 
 << TTr r<- KT 77 r<" < Trr <F< < Trr "IT <*< r <c TTr < 
 A^ pA <7r "(T 7 7 r<7 <v< r<T Trr < ^IT-I TTr jj) Tr A /~7?a <: 
 pAFAFAAr/Jr<r < ^<7r7"IrT ( 7T <77 7 <"< r IrlT7r 
 "IrITTr ( <p7 r lrl ^ 7r>frA r7r < f- T <Tr "TTTrrT 
 <-< r<r 77? < AF TTr "IT < Ap sj) "I^Tr FF 7 7 r<" 
 
 < Trr\"IT"IrI < "I "ITU 77 r< - "Trl < Trr -AF TTr 
 
 "K < r<" f<{ TTr < I^"I<Tr^7rr<T <>=AFAFAA 
 77 r<r "Trl < TTr "IT TTr "K < T- TTr FA <-< r<7 32 ) 
 [Trr < £<7frT<] TTr A— A Tr TTr < TTr FWF < -\rl 
 r<r < pA FA FAA 77r<r < TTr TT "K Fr A < ^ AF 77? 
 "IT < I- -I <77 KF aFF < 77<T <Tr Tr TI TTr r<r 
 "Trl 33 ) [( TTr 7777 r<rj"IT < r<r A<A 77? 7 AppA < 7? 
 r_ <F 7 r Kr < F<r <rr rr FA nr r<r ^Ar A < 77r7<7Tr<r 
 "IT < ^ IT Trr r lT < I-TrrTI KTIrTTITTl^T 
 Trr pA ^rF H T? 17= Trr TIT] <7 7 FA TTr <IT< 
 Tr <^< r<r <7? ' _ AF 77? *C ^7F AF rr r<r Trr "I "I IT 
 
 < <77 "Irf TTr < Wr TfrFr \T 77 K" < <Tr p A r A Trr <A 
 "frl Trr Tr 7 7r<% < <7r p A r A ssj[T7r < 77r"<\7T r<" 
 TTr <Tr "ITT TTr < Tr <^< r<r <77 <X <Tr "ITT TTr 
 
 Jl.< I<I TTr "Irl 77 r<" < TrTrr TI rT "IT <Tr T< < 
 
THE BEH1ST AN 1NSCR1 PT1 ON 
 
 S 
 
 Trr rP KrTrrPP rrr r \F\ Pf/ZiP 
 
 ^r-rp rrpp < pp <^<YrT<^<^ <-< <;<tp 
 
 <7r Pr7 TTr r77 . <X 7Tr ^rt, < <P< <Jf -fc t< .777? 
 7? *= -77 Pr7 7rr < „<-< rr? rrr < ^77 P 77 ^[rP 
 77fJ<7r P^ Trr 77 Trr rP 777 < Trr T- 7? P77 <T < 
 K rrr Pr7 < 7- <rr 7« < <P TP Trr [< Trr Tr 
 T< < fr 7r r<- «77P <K rPP PP Trr P< 3jj[r<r- rrrj 
 
 < <ff < <Fr TF^rr <7 < r<7 f-PP TTr < rrrP< 
 ( rPTP rr rP < <rr 77 W Pr7 -77 Trr : < <-< <rrp£ 
 
 < 7- TTr TP <-P rP rrr 7 Trr r<f Trr [< 7/7]<Pf 
 <7rP<<7rP^7rrP < Trr Tr ^r\ < *\ T\ TTrF 
 ( Trr F<-r7 rP < <KrP,< <r<7?;P <rr <7 < ^ <r7 
 t? < ^ -r (TTpr tt rP <-< rP Tfr < -r ^[rrr] 
 -77 TTr < ^r r TP 7Tr PP < 7= TTr PT < <K P< <Tr PP 
 
 < <K 7P77W 77 rP < TTrPPP < <KTrTTr < PPpr 
 pr rrrP rrr < TrrPTrPP < rTrPPPP < ^[rrr]p rPP 
 PP < <7r-7P 77r < tF rTrPff^ < CrrPrr TTr <Prf Trr 7r 
 
 < <r7PP77r < 777 -< 7 r rP 77? < Tr <K rPTfrPP < «ff 
 P 7r PP < <K<rrPP PrPPPf P rTrrP PP 
 7Tr < PPpfPP p 77 <-< rP < Prf TP PC rP Trr < 
 rrr 77 < PKTrTPPrr P < 7<7 Pr7 Trr < r7rP< 
 
 < Wr-teKHTr < «77p^ 7 ? Pr7 < Trr PP P7 P ■ rrr 
 rP -77 TTr < ^ rpTrlrPp < 7 P <Tr Pp ? rrP|< 
 < 7 P£ 777 -77 P7P 77rP <7 P < 7rrPr7P7 77rP 
 Prf Trr 
 
 12.< r<7 TTr -CP rrPP ^ < Tr TTr Pf r P P^ <7 P P 
 P77PTrrrP7<r7rPP < Trr Tr-fp < P 77 P 7 ?PP 
 C Prf rP < PP <rr PP rTr -7P < P< rP < P77 
 
6 
 
 T HE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 <£=~ <?r 7< < 7fr?U7T< rrr < r--K7W£fr 
 K^frf <7 7rr7<rf < «ff % tt - fr? < <K TP Trr 
 
 < ^ k< < r?f r rr *- *rrr < Trr -rrr Trr «rr -rrr < 
 
 <f? -Tf Tff r<r Trr < Trr ig<p< < ^ teTrr'f^ < 
 <?P<77 -frfTrr-frf < <Kr<- <-rrf<£T<fr 7? < Trr 
 *!F77<7Fr < f- <?? TF r<^ -HT < <rf-frfTfr < 
 W7 rf^ffe-frf < <\ r-frfrfr ^rf rrr 7r ^Trf < 
 
 <rMrf rrr < rrr -<rf r<- Trr < Tf <K r<T TTr -fe < <K 
 <rr -f^ < rrr K- fe -Arf rrr < <rr -fc rrr 77^? 7T rr 
 r<- -fr f < Trr <f <Tr <rf rrr < « <Tr ^ ^ < «ff 
 77 Tr? rP f<f 77 r<- < TTr^-fc 
 
 13/ f<r Trr -frf 77K- < Tf Trr ^r K- -fc < Tr 7< < «ff 77 
 r ff K-f<f 77r<- < K77r<- < Trr<* < -frr^r^rr 77r<- 
 
 < hj) *<ut<t < T, rrr Tf < <7rr<r < -frf Trr Tr 
 
 < <7rr<- < Trr -lrrWr«lHrl < ^[^Ff'frf TrrK 5 - 
 Trr < P77 7r77r<r < <K r<r < 7 7rTj^-frf < <lh 
 <77 s$) r frf Trr^rKrl <-rrfr<r-frf < -frf 7T= <77 TT 
 
 < «rf7?rr-frf <^!f77-\r\-h \ <TT«U^f77r<-Trr 
 
 < f-77r Tf TTTr-frf < «r7-77r < rr^f7?-frf < 
 
 Trr sj)<rf Tf < PTrr^r-frf < -f;^ rr><- < 
 
 Tfr -fe Trr -r< p< 77 r<- Trr < <K rT < -Tr f^r K-frf 
 
 < tf Tf Tff T r r<-Tr T < Trr Tf Trr -< TTr < Trr -fe 
 <-<r<r Tf sjj Wr ?fr 7Tr<r 7 f- Tfr HTTf < TTr -f^ Trr 
 -f< rTr<r Trr < -Tf 7Ptfrfr<--frf Tfr-frf < «ff 
 « rrr fPTTr tfrf 77 r<- < -frf rT < rrr Tr 'frf ( <77 
 r<r < tf H^rr^TTK- < Tfr K- 77 <r< <Kr<- < 
 <f< 7 f^f< 7 r^ < ^ r <Tr^ < r^TPTfrC- < 
 
 tf 77 r<- < Trr Tf ^T7<tf <rr T7 < TP 77 7< rr-rrK- 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 7 
 
 < r<r few* sj> tfk- < < <rr-<?r 
 
 'TrrTrr-rrHrr < Ffrf K—frr < -Tr <^"<77 Krf < 
 K-Trr-rrf rrr < TrrTr-rrT < TrrTr fe-frr < ^ 
 feTTr-r^ < Trr 7T-Tr < Trr <Tr s# -frf H(jf) 
 Trr-Trr < ^ -Trr Tr r<^ Trr '-fe <-< r<^ ?rr<^ < TT<7 
 -rrr r-r 7 ? Trr '-rrr ttk- < <7 ^ -Tr tt? -rrr < 
 Trr -f Tr < -(Trr <(T r<- Trr 77 77 7? < sp-(rf7n <-< 
 r<- Trr < < T7 <rr Tr- -7 Tr ^ < r<7 7- *7>r Trr < 
 777 <K < Trr -7 t 7<7 Trr < TTrTr-Tr < <-< 7r Trr < 
 fc-TT^Tr -7 77 77 ( -7r7 ^7 K77 rr K- TF -(TT s?j 71 
 
 < Trr '■fe. -rr r < <rr- <fr -Tr Tr pfrr -rr r < rrr r k- 
 -rrr < -rrr <^<T-rrr < Trr-fc? Tr-r<-C -rrr < 
 
 <TrMTrr < ^r(r<-rr ^ 7rr<- < (« T( -!r( -M TTr < 
 •frrzr Mir K-W ( 777 <77 7?7rr<-77r < 
 
 Trr <p<;^r Trr < £e T r T[r<-J<rr -7^ -Tr 77 7? < -< 
 Trr -TT Trr < T77 TF Tr Trr < -< rr TTr r<- < -■< 
 Trr ^ -TT rrr < Tr <-< K- Trr <rr T< < -Tr Trr Tr rr" 
 r<- < T rr -fe Tr <( 77-7rr < Trr -7^ Trr -7< -<-rr7 
 
 < «rr T< Tr -rrr 7 < Tr-rrr < Trr Tr -Tr < Trr TTF 
 
 TrK -TF < ^ T< < Trr < TTr <rr T 7 -Trr r-r 
 
 Tr TTr <K < Trr Tr -Tr < «rr T Trr r<- r <7 r 7 r<- 
 
 < Trr -r -fe -Tr < TTr <Tr r (rf M Tr Trr < 
 
 «rr t? Tr -rrr < -rrr kttt < r« Tr 777 -r Tr 
 /T- < r<rTTr-TrrrK- < TrrrrTrK--r^ <Tr 7< < «I7<< 
 Trr K- F(r 'rr r<- < <<77 7< 77 -Tr < -TrK- < <-<rrrrr < rrr 
 -Tr Tfr«(( r (i( < -Tr <^<r? Krf TTr r<- TTr < W-llTr 
 *CZHr( -rrT < TTr <K < 777 < rfr rr -Tr < 
 
 -frf fr" T Tr -TT < rrr <r <r7 -< -fT -frf < TTr Tr Trl TT 
 
s 
 
 THE BEHISTAN tNSCRI PTION 
 
 Tr-frA < <rf Trr r<r Trr < Tfr -fe Trr A^ <rf Trr r<r 
 -rrr < r<f r<r Tfr < ^ K< < rf -7 A Tf- ?r r<- < Trr 
 -f£ r<r Trr < TAr rf-Ar A < Trr <A <7f -<f -A3 -(YA < Tfr K- 
 Tr K Trr < -AfA \<t Trr < <A^ <Tf -AT Trr -ArA < <K 
 r<T < -M<E<rrt < tf rr r<- A^ < Tfr Tf-ArA < - <7r 
 rf 77 rrr TA r<- -ArA < f^TTr^f <-< K- Tfr < TTr K rr ^ 
 Tr- Tf TT Tc < <[[- rf r<r rrr -Tr Tf- rrr < -ArA Trr K rrX- 
 -ArA Fr- TTr < tf A<A -A rr ^I£!r < TrArf Trr TT T r TT 
 mmtTMin >fr( < <k[K" <]«> -m<^< u ^ < 
 TTr^rrrr-<TTr < Tfr Tr-frA < A- TTr 3 A -ArA < <AA- TTr 
 KA-r^rrr < rrr-A^Trr A 3 -ArA Trr K- "TT < ^Tfr 
 TAAt -Tr/^jTrr < -Ar A TTr Tr# Ail^TPj ^ Trr < fTrtfff 
 Trr < Trr -< rfrtf Tfr < Tr<-< r<-T 7 r -fe < K- A<r TTr 
 
 < <Tf -A 3 -ArA Tr-Tf r<- < TTr -T3 A<A 77? < TT? 
 
 Tr-ArA < *?rA r<- < % !EA Tfrtf^-frfl ^-Ar/X^ 
 -ArA rf r# Tfr < ^A -ArA < -A 3 7?-< rfr < Tfr <rr A?A 
 -7A A— T Tr Trr <-< < Tr-ArA < Trr Tr -ArA < Trr <A <rr 
 -< -A 3 -ArA < Trr Tf -ArA < <-< -ArA-ArA <(/7 [GfFrf 
 <] <,p K-W «W Tf: < f, K( -Uf < MK' Tn'M < 
 Trr -ArA rrr «J f -ArA < <AT Trr AfA -At rfr < TTr -A 3 
 Tfr fe -Tr Trr r<- -ArA < r<- A<A rff < -«] <rr -A 3 
 
 -ArA[TF-TF/r<r < Tfr -A 3 A<A Tfr < Trr Tf -ArA < 
 f< -rrf ^ArA «AA ?< r r r<- < -A3 T< -< Tfr < Tfr <rf 7A 
 -ArAA^r fr Tfr <?< < r<- AfA Tfr < fAA^frf -ArA Tfr -ArA 
 
 < f-<K- < -ArAf^f <n 7/) T< f tf AfA-ArA < -ArA 
 rf- Trr -ArA < Tfr -ArA TTr «A A -frA < K?7r<- < -rr 
 TATrr-r^A 
 
 tf < A<A Tfr-ArfTrrf- < Tr Tfr^AK- -A^ <Tr T< < «AA 
 
THE B EH 1 STAN 1NSCRI PTION 
 
 9 
 
 ^ TTr r<~ r<r 72)lTr<r < Tf'frf < -frf K r < rrr Tr 
 -frr < Trr <f <7r -frf fe rrr < r<- 
 
 r <r TTr < «rr^mK-f<fnK- < 
 
 IC C KfUr-hf?rK- ®< TrWr^Ir<"fc<TrZ < «l\W 
 Trrrfrcrfrtf- < r<- r<r 77? < ?rr 7? -rrr < <rr- <r? -rrr 
 Trr^rrr -frT < Mrt'M < <rf W < Tr ^ 
 
 TTr -K -< -rr r < ^ < HtrEMrnTK'- 
 
 < rrr rr Tr>< T KrTr -TrA < <TT ^ rT 
 
 Trr < ^ <rr 77 < £<<Fr'-fe < <Tr rr 7 ? pfrtjffrf 
 Trr ( (Tr •'PC ??] r<r ( TTr Tf ("( r<r TTr <” 
 
 Trr ^ Kr Trr < TTr KC <K < rrrrWrr < (T r te r K 
 77 K- < «rr 77 rrr r<7 KT TFK- < TTr F&- r r r<- < ^,/fe 
 TTr <] <rr ^ 79 rr r<- rrr < <K f7- rr 77 
 rr r<r TTr < TTr < TTr -T rT r<- < ? Tr-fc-frf 
 [< Tn]Tn-<-frr < 7 Tr77rTr<— fe <‘<K<rr-fe < 
 
 «T[§ TTr K** f<r 7F r<3 ^ < Trr -r ^ < <rr ^ ^T< 
 77r<r < Trr-Tr TTr < f -frfTf^fn r<- < -rTrr-f 
 77K< <rrfifrr& < X Trr Tr tfrf -f rr < KTrrTrf 
 
 < Trr TT -</FT r<T 7 ^ TTr < tf <rr rr < <-< 07 
 -fe < <T7r rT ^ ^frT ^TrT TTr < -A rrr -f rr T\ <rr "fe 
 7 T rrr -ArA < TTr -fe A<A TTr < TTr <£A <rr « <rr 
 Kp TT rf < Trr rr -ArA < -<-\ 7jj <Fr <f Tr Tf JT 
 
 Tf < TTr K- 7T K- < 0<r0 < K;A<rr KrT^ArAK 
 r<r TTr < 7 T <rr 77 < ^ TTr -Air < T TTr F^A < 
 
 07 rO < ' -A Trr TT -« <Tr 0 TT rO < <X-« <rr 
 -fe- < TTr prFfK- < TTr -Aie Trf < -< TWTr -hi ^ 
 
 Tr -ArA < TTr <7 TT K- -A^ < -A rrr ~A TT K< <r7 T< 
 
 < <-< FT 77 rr r<- < Tr "7 Olr < «AA tyT ri 
 
10 
 
 THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 r \rl < zfrf r<- ( TTrllrTt <Tr-te ( (h {Tr 
 < Trr <\\ r Tl -r rrr r<T ^Tr T Trr 
 /Z { WTrMTFK' < TrTFrTl Kr <rr T< < «fTW7rr 
 
 r<f- t$Knir& <^hTr-h <TrTrW <K<T\Tr 
 TrZ(r<r -ftf < <YT'te-K'M < <F< <Tr -fe <Wrrr[7rJ 
 K < rTfc < Trr K rf sfrf 7rr •< WrftfFr* <TrJ 
 Tr * 3 ) Trl < Tr Tr Trl TOFTT < Trr r te Trr T< -< Trl 
 lfr< KfTrJrJTFrh < 7 TTrTlK- Tzirr T. < {(HTWr 
 r<t Kl 77 r<r < ^ rrr^ < TrrTHil < *lTr 
 *117 '{i <Tr -Irf < Tr TTFh -fr! < Tr -Hr K r < 
 Tr-h-lrl < *<TUrr Trl Trr Thirl < <K r <r < *< 
 *f<r? <r rr 7T- Tl < Trr <lb pr *f tfrflTfr ^ < l- 
 TfrTl < <*<h < ?<Ttf r Mr! *177 Tl <*<'<- Trr < 
 rfrf rr Trr -ftf < Trr Tr rrr Tl r<r < Trr -fe Tr Trr 
 
 < Trr Tr ^TrT TFr < <rr -frf Trr < ^ Trr -r Tr « 
 
 < K Trr t\ rr r<r Trr < Trh< < hr h TTr T& < Trr Tr 
 -frf < TTrr Tlhrf 7< T Trr <Tr Trr < Trr hz 
 Trr T *< ^rT < Trr *< 7 7r<r Trl < <Tr T ^ -f Trr Tf rr 
 -rrr < Trr<r<rrK^-rrr < Trr <?rK-«r<- Trr < 
 ’rfrfc'Trr <immTu *:<-&[ < m<nprEM hjj?f 
 r m'Mnr<- < <nW,^M]Tri^ wCmJZr <«-fe 
 ^KTTr < 7fr<rr.ZHrrHrrWr<X (HrHrctl'Zrm 
 ~frf (fiufcfM'Et K-Tfr^rf m [< mJ-feTiTtr < 
 
 m'fe'W cfcWt&'M <*<zrnr 
 
 *lrh\TFT\ <K r<T Trr < TrrWrf < Trr -f< -< -rrr <f 
 -£=■ fe TT r<- < Trr Tr[?Fjr<r Tr T\l Tr r<r /?-< p<T <J -ftf 
 Tr\«hTr < hn <Tf<Fr <? 3 T TTT T < Kf fcJrf 
 Tr < 7rr<K < Trr[ r fc KljTr < <-<Trf Tl h-frf { 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 11 
 
 Trr <X <r? 
 
 17. < < TrTrr T fr< - nfe <rr ^ < «ff # 
 
 T< Trr K- r<r rf r<T < 7 ? fe rrr ^ < rrr/TrKrf < rrr 
 -f rr« <rr^rr < 77? <( 7rr<r7^ WTf < Trr r<r rr r<^ 
 <pr?fr-rrr'« <rrfrrr < KrKfTFr <-<TfXr < <7? 
 
 ^ Trr r<r ^Trf < H' Trr M Trr K < < Trr •fr r < 
 -fe^T^-frr < Trr #<77^ < <Tr f«7f Trr f[[- 
 <fr ^ Trr < rrr -fe 7r Trr ft <?< <Tr rfe < ?<] TFF 
 rr-TT *p *T rrTl < <K K- < * <rr <r TrTfTTTF 
 < TTr <rr <rr 4 -T TrrBftjMTr T < « Tr Trr < 7 
 Trr T\ Trr <%£§T[rr?rW < [TrF Trr r (T < <T TT 
 7fK] TT^Mrf^ rFK- <^fc7\ Tr ^ < 
 <p<-Tr/5r £{] r til < 7Tr<F<TrTr( rrr < Trr<7rTF r frf 
 HTrTMrr’rTK- < <TrT r F^frFTr^rF < TTr^TF ft 
 r fe « K Trr < Trr <rr TT^/TT ^ HT Tr rrr « < T rrr 7T 
 -rrr Wrfrt-M < <ZnrMiM7TK<Xrt TTr <rrr 
 7r -rrr <7 fH<*< r Tr[ <-fcfclrr<'- < rrr -Or K- < 
 Trr t? ?r[Kj Trr < [Trr <-< K^frfJ Trr [<] Trr r^TrTFT 
 Tr-frr <^^rnf-lTF < Tft’trrrfrTfc <K «- < 
 -M 7rr« r<r TTr <r r < TF <rr TrTrFTC < f<rr— /pr 
 Trr <7rr<K < Trr^FKFTrr < <KTrF^F ^FrF <] 
 WfMffl&TrHrF rrr 
 
 COLUMN II. 
 
 1 . j)<Kr TFr^rFfrf <rrwzf*'fe<rrz < «rrzm 
 t<-Knrr<' [< % RiTfrl'fe <^niMrr^?r^r < 
 <'<j)7i?rr (fcJrWrr ^rr'¥ < Trr fe'ffrr^rpf *=f 
 rr ^ < Wifer <rr f\f K Fr -/JIHX < 'Tr -frf ( 
 
12 
 
 THE B EH I STAN INSCRIPTION 
 
 Trr TF TFKr 3j Kz <Tr Trr-fc < TTrrrKrF < -f rrr 
 -frH£<rWrr < Trr <? rrr<T^-f rf < pfe <7 rrr < rrr 
 <fr f^r rr/rrr<-< < <rr -frr rrr < -rrrr pK77K< 
 <Tr r FrF < rrr tfT- *r rrr r<r 'f/f < 7r7 4rf rTr < rrr 
 -fe-rrr <K7[[7r*\r[tfr7T[-FrF < Wr (FT TF-r 77r 
 rfJrF ( Tr feTrf r fe < Trr 7^ ^ -frf < ^ 7?f7 rrW 
 JrrTF Trl < Trr TF-FrF < Trr *f ff TF <77 -fe < Trr 
 
 TrT<[KTrF 
 
 1 < Kf Wr^rrFH- < Tr]7rrTFr<- 7^ <7 7? < «rr $ <7 
 Trr r<7 Kf Tr r<- ' < r<r Trr Trf rrr < Trr 7 t Trf < -[rrr J 
 rrTF (rr r fe ( Trr (-( [FrF ( 77 Trf frr < n <K r<T frr 
 <] Jr FKrTrr < <K Tr-TrrTrF ( (K > [<- 77 rr rT 
 Trr < Trr -f 7^ < 77 TrrTFFr < <7r-FrK< < 'FrF 
 Trr Tr ( Trr f<r ([ TrTFTrr < FT<r (Tr Tr TF 7rrr< r ( Tr 
 arw-fe <Jrr?r<zr<Frt< < r<r $ jt <ft <Tr t< 
 
 < 
 
 3.(F(FTrrJrF77r(- (TrTrrTFr(—Fr(Tr T< < <([FF Kffr 
 r<r\(F77rK < FJrFTFJrflUrT < KrFTF-FrF 77 rT < 
 -(Trr?) 'FrF ( Tf'77 77-77 ((F\T\ T7r7rT( < rr <rf 
 Tr < <[<Tr<[TJTTTr < -( Trr [FrF < KTTFTr K 
 'FrF < WrTfrTF Ft 77 r([ ( 1 rrKr Tr Trr < Trr Tr Tr 
 T[r<r ( , 0 ) (-( <T'[t ( <Tr Tr Tr -FrF -FrF Trr < (Tr 
 -f< 7 7 rT ( F- Tr TF (-( Kr Trr < Trrpfe KF Trr 
 < TrrKFiK < TrrWJrF <]T7 r FrF-(T7T< < Trr 
 [<F 77 rT ( (Tr it) -Ft 'F( 77 rT < ((FF7< Trr r< r KF 77 
 rT 
 
 f < r<r Trr ?frf 77 rT < Tr Trr T[ Kr <[fr W < «[[ 
 T Trr rTKF 77 rT <] Trr Tr K 77 r<r ( Trr Tr r Frl < 
 
THE B EH I STAN IN SCR I PTTON 
 
 13 
 
 Trr T * i 2 ) 77 * < Trr <f< *f < Tr * 7 7* < Trr 
 -fe *< -IrF < ^ feTrf'-fe < <K7F TTrffrf < Trr 
 *7T7 < <rr *]•*£? 7 *Tr < 77r *7 < 
 
 *7 T7 -frf 77 ® * *7 < Tf <* TI * Trr * < 
 <T< * T Tr *7 < ^frr T<7 7 7T7*T <T T7r <K T 
 [<Tr Trr T< 77*7 < Tr *] Trr *<-< 
 
 5. < 7(7 rrr *777* < Tr Trr Trr 7< < 
 
 <<17 << 77r * f<7 77* < 7 *7 T7 *7 77* < 7« T 7 
 [* ^ 7 *7 7777 < * Trr *7 < ^/rf rrr Tr] < <-< 
 <7r -fe < <rr Tr ^ -TrT -/>r y Trr < *7 Trr Tr 77 
 * < 7?TT7 U*Tr <Trr*^K7 77r <Tr7<7 
 <* < [Trr TrWrf < «77 % 7<7 T7 77*7 < Trr r<r] 
 77 * < <Tr ^ «rr << ;7rf TT <K 19 r<r rrr < *7 <rr 
 r 7r7 Trr * 77r < Tr Tr < T Trr T7 < Tr 7 Trr 
 Tr < <?( * <[fr 7<7 Trr Tr *7 77* < Trr <*] < 
 <-< 7T Tr *7 < <K T<- ?r rr 7T r<r < rrr 1 $ * * 
 
 < Trr * 77* < Tr * -FrF < r«T7 ^ *7 
 
 77*7 <TrT<T** < Tr< <7r * $ «77T<Wr 
 *7(7 77*] < Trr -f 7^ <7?r rrr Tr rr r<T 
 
 6 . ^<7(7177*777* < Tr Trr T7 * * <7r T < «777< 
 
 Trr * «7 17* < f- Tr T7 <T 77r Tlfe < Kfrftrf Tr 
 
 < TrfjTrT < <T* < <7r 7 ? rrr < *7Tr*7 < Trr 
 !j>U < <* <n* < r p *7**7 < Tr H < Tr 
 rrr* < rrrTTrl < TTrTf *7 < 7<<T7T777< 
 \**7 ifrrFjTrTl* <*Tr*7 <*TT77? < 
 *7* ijTr <*7r T < Tr* *7T<7rr*f < *7\<\ 
 77 Tt^rTTf < Tr<7 <7r T* *7 < rrr * 7<( rrr 77 
 f7rr7r7 < Tr7<(]<T*7 <T? T71r*7Tr < Tr ^ 
 
14 
 
 THE BEH 1ST AN INSCRf PTION 
 
 Trl (KyTrTITr! < Trl T Trl < Trl Trr Tr Trl < 
 
 -K -hi Trr < <Kr<r < Trl T Trr <p<W*< (ITKTrT 
 Trl 7F r<r ( ^ fe rrr^fe ( <K (Tr "fe <" fr 77 Tr Tl T 
 
 < <T ii)Tr Trr < K Trr T l Trr < Tfr ? 7r r<- -fT < r<r 
 
 l<r Trr ( -/?r Trr rr ^rf < ^ Trr Tf < Tr![7rrT< 
 <frj T ( T Trr - hi < Tz Tl 7r ^frf < -hi Trr jy 
 
 Tr 77* ( Trr Tz Tr Trr < <7< -[rf K -/>/ < Trr <1 (Fr 
 T (Tr << < <K 7r rrr < Tr! Trr rr [ TF TTfjTi < <-< Tr 
 ( Tr l Trr Tr 77 T (Tr Tz Tr xy < Trl Kl Tr T< Tr! < Tr 
 <X < <K <7r Tjz (TTrTr T7F Tr < T 7r * < IjTrj -fe 
 Tr Trr < [Tr <j-< < Tr <Fr TITr! hi Tr Tr Trl TF* < 
 <Fr 1 $) Tr It Trl Trr Trl < Tr T TT < Tt T -< Tr ( 
 Tr <Tr TITrl hT T Tr <K < 1-TrTl < fc< r<r < 
 Trl zjlTr < TrTz Trl ( T Tr Tl Tr! < Trl iy * 
 Trl < <T !<- 77 Tr 7 F r<- Tr! < Tr T< <Tz T7F 
 r<r < Tr T Tr Trl T (T * < Tr! Trr (T [*] Tr <<f'l 
 
 < TKTr TT7F <7 ( Kl K Trl xy Tr < Tr<T < 
 rrr’-fe Kl Tr T Tr Trl < <K Trl Tt T Trl < K Tl Trl 
 Trl ( "fr It Tr T% < <* <Tr -fe < [K rrr] Tl <« 
 r<r < Trl T Tr < T Tr Tr ( T Trr Trl jy Trr < Tr<T 
 rf Trr (Tr Z< < Trl Trr Tr 7 F r<- ( Tr * Tr Trr ( Trl Trr Trl 
 
 < Trr Tr! Trr T 7 FT < T Tr Trl Tr ( Trr Tr Trl < Tr 
 T! Tr! < Trl Trr Tr Trl 
 
 7 < Kl Tr Trl 7F K- < Tr TrrTl* T? <7r T < «!! T( 
 Trr K r Kl TF* (Tr Trr TrTl T<77 <( < -<Trr Trl ( 
 Trr T! K- 7F T 7F r( r ( Trl T jy Tr KT Tr T < Tr 
 Tt= Tr! < rrr Tr r !rl < !« Tl Trr Tr T< Tr Trl < rrr Tl 
 K' TTT Trl < Trr Tz Kl Trr [« rr*} < Trr Kl 0< 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRJ PTION 
 
 IS 
 
 -FrF <77 T[ 77 TFF 7r r<- < F- rrr sj)7F i <-< r<r 
 
 < « K-7FTTr<- < -7r7*7rr < KrrXr < 
 <rr- <7r ^7-7r7 ?rr<- < Trr -fc -FrF < [F< TFr]7F rT 
 
 < ?r Tr -fz < Tr Trr Tr TF T< 7 F 32 ) T < rrr 7< 
 77 K- -fe < r<7 7<7 Tr < Trr TF F(- 77 -< "7^7 •( t7 
 3 Trr TT fe < =f, fe rrr'fe < £=< K' "rr T?fnr<' 
 Trr < <-< <(F- -FrF - FrF Trr < Tr 71 77 33 ) ? FrF Trr < 
 Tt -FrF?F 7 < Tr Trr Tr 7F Z< 7r-FrF < <-< HT7 
 7F*-lrF <T-7FTrF<TFr<- <»»«<- 
 
 < ?< rrr n77 < rrr <f< K -7r7 < rrr 39 ) TF F<- -< 
 77 r<- 7r><7 < Trr ^ 7? Trr < <K ^7r7 77 -< ^7r7 < 
 Tr<FK7r -< -F^ < Trr \7rj7F -FrF] 7" "7 Tr Trr -FrF rr r<T 
 
 < <7r ?r ^ *7r77rr -77 < Trr j$/ ^7 ^7 < -fe 7? *<7rr 
 <Trr<7r7F-FrFF--FTrTrr<-< < 7- Trr ^7 < <-< K- 
 
 < -FrF r< Trr < Tr-F^FT < F^Trr 7F -FrF <-FrF 
 r<- -FrF < <-< K- 77 rr 7Fr<- -FrF < 39 Trr -F< < 
 -fc Ft, 77 K- < F<F<n 7F -Ft, Tr <^< 7F <K r<- <-FrF 
 Tr <-<[r<- Trr <] 77f < TF <Tr 7T T7r] T< < F<F 7 p 
 -,FrF Trr < Trr <K < Trr ^ 7<7 ^ rrr 7? rrr -FrF ( 
 <-< -FrF TF -< -FrF < 7p TF-FrF -FrF 
 
 y 7 F<F Tr -FrF 77 r<- < Tr Trrpf K-]-Fr <7r[T< < «FF 
 X<Tj/r<-[F<F]?rr<- <TrTrF?rr<- < <zF <Trf r 3 p7F 
 ?FrF 77 r<- -FrF < <r< F<- Tr 7 ? 77 r<^ rrr < <K <7r- 
 -FrFTrF Trr < ^ ^7 77 ^7r7(7rr < - FrF 77 T< /< 
 
 Tr TrTrjTF 7<7r-FrF < <-< -FrF 7 F -< -FrF <T-TF 
 -FrF 37) 77 r<r < -7r7 77 KFF- -F ^ < -< Trr - FrF Trr 
 
 < TFF 7 r Tr Trr < Trr 7 F FT -< T[r<- Tr rT <J rrr 
 -F^TrTrr < <-< -FrF TF -< -FrF < Trr <F <Tr <-Ft C 
 
THE BEH1STAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 16 
 
 Tfr Hyifr Tf-frf f—f T Trr r frT 77 K- K (Trft? fT^frf 
 Trr -frf < Trr < T A < -fc ft < Trr < Trr <Tr Tffrrf 
 W Tr 77?/ « < Ap Trr TA < « <- < -ArA p< Trr < 
 
 7 'rr vj-fe -frf K A- Tfr Tf-frf < -ArA rft r frf < <TT 
 
 A<- 77 77 77 r<- "7 A < Tr -f< < -A? f^[?rr<r < AAA 
 
 <7r ^A 7rr/<-< TA « <- < -ArA rrr <*=< r<r Trr < 
 Kffff aj < ^A <rr 77" -A 77 7< < A<A A- -ArA Trr < Trr 
 <f< < Trr -At A<A Trr Z< Trr -frf < ftA -frf Tf -< Trt 
 
 < A^ArfrMrA] 
 
 T. < ACATrr-ArAfrK- < TrTrrTf K- ^-At <ff ft < «ffftTFl 
 «mrr<- <Tr*\r\urk < W Tr-frf Trrft Trf < <X[l$ 
 
 7 Tr^r&Trr <] <-«\frTrf^frfTr < W TfrrTrfm < rr 
 -frf ty’rrft < rr Trr Tr T[ ft T-frf < « -ArA TA KTrf < rr- 
 TA -ArA <77 rf < <Tr[ri--frfj Trr < < rrrpAr/J 77r < TAA 77 Tr 
 Trr < rrr TA A7 <7r r<- rr r<- < rrr ^ -At rr Trr < <K -ArA Tf 
 * -ArA < rrr <A <rr < -A? < Trr <Jr Tf -frf PA Tr Trr -frf rrK- 
 
 < <rr rr At <rA rrrpArf/ < rrr -A TA < -fz ft ft Trr < Tr(n 
 
 Tf -ArA ^)A"T rr Trr <ft < A- Trr Tf < <-< < < -ArA < rrr 
 
 < rrr -fe '/rr < ft m-SW OW* -W <<*<&% 
 
 fr 'rf^r-W? {[frrj'K Ofe/^rrX' < Kl Trnr WZf 
 Tr- %)?r 7 < < -ArA Tr <K r <7 rrr < rf rr A < Tf < 7 r Tr- -A rr ^ < 
 KT t W Trr < Wr « < fir -fr (Rf fir %] rrr 'rr/ 1 < <K -ifi 3 
 -< 'ArA < A- Tf -frf -frf ( W A? rrr Tr rrrTr Tf 
 
 ft IT ft <7r 77 -TrC Trr < Trf Tr -frf < Trr -ArA Trr < r<- 
 
 < Tr TA (r<?j < rrfK;/ 77 r<- < fr(^ Trr Trf Trr <TrW -frf < Tr 
 Tf -fir ' < Trf Tr t$ rr <A 
 
 10. < KfWrTrfTFK'- < 77 Tr Tf K- -te Trr ft < «ffftTTr 
 r<- Kf T K- < T?<7r fc rr A? < < TTr Trf < Tr rrr Tf 
 
THE BEH1STAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 17 
 
 Ife < "7r7 K Trr < -7 ^ Tr 7- (Trr-fe'frf < rrrrrTrT 
 
 < 7« ^7 Tfr 77 W r<? 'tr 7 (Trr 37 7<- W K -7r7 < Tfr r<r Tr? 
 
 <X ?Tr<c < 777 7<7 <"< irf (rt^TTf 377 IT K" < A= Trr 37 < 
 j? <v< Kt < <"< 7<" rr” ?? 77 K" < "7r7 -< rrr < K rr r<r < <77 
 <rr "7 -/>/' IT r<r < -77 < -7< 377 77 K" < tT fe 7rr "7^ < 
 
 -7? <r7 7<" 77 7^ < Tfr fy<< 77 K- -7? < K" 7<7 7/7 < 77 37 
 K- 77 "< "7r7 < H Zt'Tfr'Ztfe < Tr fcl Tr-te < <K K- 77 
 
 7/"r^T7r < <=< «T'M*lt! Tit < ^ ST rr=frf Tfr < 
 
 Tr sp^rnrTi <'fc<r7fcrffr'W < <X'MZr<~lr! < 
 
 77- 37 ?7r7 K 77 r<" < rr,$W rrr < "< 7?r "7r7 Trr < Tr <-< K" 
 Trr <Tr << (Trr 7<r <7r 37 Trr r<" ^ 77 r < Trr "7^ Tr Trr ( 
 MT 37*37r7 < m<r </r *-fe < rrr<7r 37"7r7 7"T 77 
 ?7rf7r7/77r<" < <77 ¥ 7^-7r7rrr-7r7 < 77r -7 37 < -7? T 
 ^7 rrr < rrr <r? 37 -7r7 H Tr Tfr <K < 7- Trr 37 < <K K" 
 
 < "7r7 "< Trr < 77r -7? -7r7 < 7- Trr 37 "7r7 < -7r7f<- -7r7 <] 
 <-< 7<- 77 rr ?Fr<-frf < Trr "7< < "7^ f3 7 7 K- < 49 Trr 
 "< Trr -777 7- <;< r<" < -7r7 T7r <K rf T7r < <777 < 37 <Tr T7" 
 "777 7< < 7<r 7- -7r7 Trr < Tfr <-< < Trr "7? 7<7 Trr << rrr 
 "7r7 < <K "7r7 37 < Tr7 < # f* 337r7 -7r7 
 
 / /. < 7<7 Trr "7r7 rrrf < Tr Trr 37 K" "7;s <rr 7< < «77 ^ rrr 
 K- 7<7 77 r<" < -7r7T7r<" < W (Trfru 'Frf Tr r("UT 
 
 < <-< 7<- j$frr Tr 77 K" rrr < <K <rr^ "7r7 ^7r7 Tr ( 
 
 7 ? 37 Tr "7r7 rrr < 7 ? -7r7 77 T< < "7^ (Tr 7<" 77 7^ "7r7 
 
 < <-< "7r7 37 "< "7r7 < 77" 37 "7r7 K 77 r <- < T?r <77 sy 
 *7r7 77 K- Trr 37 < "< Trr "7r7 77r < rr <K r<" Trr <rr « < 
 Trr T7 7<- rr K 77 r<- 77 K- < 77r "7^ Tr Trr < <K "7r7 T7 K 
 Tr7 < Trr <7 <7 "< "7^ < ^ Trr <r7 T7 -7r7 H Tr Tfr " 7r7 77 
 r<- < (Tr Tr Iz^rlTrr r frl < rrr -7 Tr < "7^ T -< rrr 
 
18 
 
 THE BEHISTAN INSCR1 PTION 
 
 < Trr (Tr TF 'FrF H Tr Tr 7-7 ( F- Trr TF ( 7'7r(- 7 -FrF 
 ?7 rrr < Tfr -fe Wrr < ^ rrr -FrF < ^FrFK- -FrF 7 
 
 7-7 F7- TFfr TF r7- -FrF 7 Trr -F7 7 -fe f7 ?r < f<7 <rr 
 rrr<X 7f 7-7 r<r < "FrF Tfr 7-7 «^K- rrr <a$g?rf 
 K- Trf K Trf 7 Tr - FT TF r7- 7 Trr 'fe KF Trr (7 Trr -FrF 
 
 < <K -fr/' 7A K 77 < 7 7M7 -FT 7 7rr * < 
 
 <rr T<? rr ^ < 77 Tr -FrF Trr < Trf Trr Trf 7 Trr 
 TrF Trr -7 K- 7 Trr TF FT ?7*7?r<-[Tr r<r\ 7 Tr Tff - FrF 
 Trr 7 Trr Tr TrF 7 Trr TF fe -FrF 7 - FrF Trr Tr - FrF 
 II. FT TrrTrFFF Tr 7 Tr Trr TF K- T? 77r T< 7 TFF T( 
 
 Trr K- F<F Tr r<f 7 Tr Tr - FT 7 Tr Tr - FrF 7 -7 Tr T< 
 
 Trr r<r -FrF 7 7-7 Tr- Trr < ^ -l Trr -F TF TF <7r T< 7 
 Trr T< !Tr7- -Fz-FrF 7 -FrF Trr Tr -FrF 7 r<- F<F Trr 7 -FrF 
 Tr Tr -FrF < Tr TFTrr TF Ft= -FrF 7 <F <Tr <zF -77 <7r T< 
 7 -7 Trr -FrF < aj -fe TF Tr -7 -FrF 7 -FrF Trr Tr TFr<- 7 
 Trr -Ft 7r Trr < <K <r? -F^ 7 F« TF -Ft TF -FrF IF T< 
 
 7 <-T K- 7 -FrF Trr Tr rrr<- 7 «FF 77 Trr r<- F<F Trr<- 7 
 
 Trr <ty <FF- 77r -F -TrF Trr 7 Trr Tr T< 7 7-7 Tr [7/7 7] F^ 
 
 Trr TFTrr <7? - FrF 17 Z< 7 -FrF Trr -FrF 7 7-7 -FrF 
 TF -7 -FrF 7 Tr-TF -FrF * Tfr<- < T? F^Trr 7s= < 
 
 <*< -FrF T F -7 t p - FrF 7 Tfr <F <fr -FrF Trr 7 Trr <Tr TF 
 -FrF f-F Tr Trr -FrF 17 17- 7 77 rf Ft - FrF Tff -FrF 7 Trr 
 -F TF 7 -Ft T< -7 Trr < Trr (Tr TF-FrF F--F 7r Trr (-7 7 
 
 7 Trr TF -FrF < -^r<- -FrF 7 F<( TF -Ft TF -- FrF Tr 
 
 T< < Trr Tr -FrF 7 Trr -F7-7 -FrF 7 -Ft Ft 77 K- 7 Tfr 
 7tF <7r r#< )WT< 7--< r7- < -FrF Trr 7*7 K- Trr 7 <\FF 7 
 TF y 77r If- -F 77 Z< 7 F<F F - - FrF Tfr 7 Tfr 7-7 7 
 Trr -Ft F<F Trr 7 7-7 -FrF TF T -FrF 7 Tfr <F 7 Tr -FrF 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCR1 PTION 
 
 19 
 
 Trr 
 
 IS < !<! Trr Tr! 7f« < Tr m T!r(- Tz (Tr T< < «!! 
 
 ?!) T< Tr r<r !(! rf r<r ( rr Trr T^ ( <T <n -k ( 
 l«T! T? T! Tr! 7 r 7< < « Tr 7rr < Tr! T 7FT 77 
 T< ( Trr T Tr -7 77" T 77" <7 • < Trr z<- <Tr !<! < T! 
 73) (!! r Trr < -< Trr Tr! Trr ( Tr (T r<r Trr <Tr T< ( -!r! 
 Trr Tr Tr r& < Trr Tz t? T! Trr < Trr T< Tfr< - T^ < 
 ^ Trr Tt= < Trr Tr Tr! < fr 77r Tr! < r« ^ 
 Trr "rr T< r<r Tr! ( T If ^ ^ !f rfr(- < !« T\ 
 T^T! Tr! 77 T< < Trr <!T T! T "rr&rf] < Trr T r< r 
 Tr! Trr < Trr T If r<r < Tr! Trr Tr! ( Trr Tr /$ Tr! 
 T( IrfrT {] (TrTr! Tr ( T Trr (T - tr! ( (Tr Tr! 
 Trr < <!T {Tr T< Trr < <Tr Tr! Trr < (T$%X':$MTrr 
 mTr! < r« T! Tr T< T Tr! < <Tr Tr! Trr T< >s/rr 
 '[Tr^TilTr! (TrrT^TKTr! < <T < TrT^T! 
 Tr Trr Tr! Tr Tr ( 
 
 (T T( (Tr T* T< 77 Tr! ( T 79 Trr T! ( Trr Tf 
 T < W r Trr T? Z< Tr Tr! < <T (!T Tr! Trr Trr T 
 77 K- < <77 M Tr! r<- Trr T, Tr! Tf r<- ( rrr (! (Tr 
 T Tz Tr! 7j) ( (Tr -!r! Trr < -!r![Tfj'!r! Tf r(- Tr 
 ( ?!r! K- 77 T< TF r& < !« T! Tr! Tr! Tr < Tfr <<z-(Tr 
 T< Tf r( r Trr < Trr <T Tr! Trr ( Trr -fe % fr( r < (T 
 7# <!!- Tr! Tr! Trrfc< n rtf ( [Trr Tr f] T! ( ’T!! 7 f Tr 
 Trr Tr! ( !<( 7T Trr (T T< Tr! 
 
 IT ( !(!Trr Tr! If r<- < Tr Trr T! r<rT% <Tr T< ( «!! 
 T< ip Trr r(- !(! Tr t<r < ! Tr! T![Tr!]7fr(- ( Tf- Tf 
 Tr Tr! «!! Tr! ( T Trr Tr! ( Trr !t (!T Z! Tr! Tf 
 rT ( « (Tr T? Tr! Tf r<- < <^< fO Tf Tr Tfr(- 
 
20 
 
 THE BEHISTAN 1NSCRJ PT1 ON 
 
 ( *oj Trr rf rfz < T Tfr Tf (rf rf Tir ( rrrrfz !(f rrr ( 
 Tr f(f (rf < TrrTr rfrf ( «(( Z Tir rf' f(! if* ( Trr K' if 
 rf ( Tir !z (!!' Tfrfrf In rf' < (Tr rfz «lf Z{ rfr! Tf [(rf rf 
 Trr] < ' frf <Fr rfr! Tfr rf' Trr <7f Jfi rfz < Trr Tr rfrf < f' 
 Tff T\ -frf < 77 777 Tf IT 'frf < (Tr rfrf try Iff < 'frf Iff 
 Ti r 'frf ( f« Tf Til rf T< rf 'frf < rfr! «ll rfr! !z ?, fir Tr < 
 rf Tir 'hi < - frfTrrTi ( rfr! rf Tir ( rf Tr T < Trrfz rfrt 
 ®<< Tff rfrf < rfrf KfrTTf rfrf rfrf < nr <1 (Tr rf rf? rfrf 
 < [Trr]'F? N Tu 5 Ttr 'frf < Tff K! « -W <HZtrF 
 rfrf Trr < !' yp Tir Tfrfr! < <K Hr if Tr Trf rf rft! < <r( 
 Tr < Tr! rf Tir < rf TF rf' < (!!' <T( rf Tfr rfrf rf t(' 
 
 ( rrr rfz Tr! < T< rfrf Tu ( ^ fz & ^ M *kr 
 
 «!! Tr! !z Tr TrrTr < (rf rr Trr < rrr T! Trr < [Tff] 
 T 'rfrf' rfz < <rf Tr f Trf rf Tr I < Trr <1 <fr rf (Tr T< 
 
 ( frf Tr Trr < If' TrTt rfrf . «(!Trf Tir < Trr <TrT I 
 Tr! !"! Tr Tir TrfrrTrf < <fr 77 \zrfrf Trr Tr I < Tir rf Tf 
 ( rfz T rf Trr < Trr <77 Tf rfrf f"f yp Tr Trr <rf ( 
 
 !* Trr Tf < <rf rf' < rfrf rf Trr < Trr rfz Tr! < > Tfr 
 Tfrfrf < rfrlrf' Tri < (rf ft Tr Tr Tfrfrfrf ( Trr T< 
 
 ( (Ti rfrf Trr * ( Tf' njTT Tr rfrf «!! ' frf Trf < Trr (frf 
 Tf rf Trr rf' < Trr rf rf' < Trr rf TTrf < rfrf Trr Trf < 
 77 Tir rfz rf Tf rrf ( Tir Tr rfrf < <7? rfrf Trr < 
 y?j Trr (rfrfrf < (Tr rfrf fir < < frf (Tr rf Tr < f« Tf 
 Trr rf( rf rfrf ( (Tr rfrf Trr rf TTrrf/Sff Tf" rf ' frf ( Tfr 
 rfz rf( rfrf ( <zf (Tr rfz Tf rf' Tr & rfrf rfrf ( rf fe 
 rfrf ( rrr Tr Trr Tf T rf' ( (rf rf((Tr rfz= rf Tr rfrf ( 
 l" Tr Trf < Trr['fz]Tf[rf <] rf fz Trr rfT T< Tf rfrf 
 ( Tr Tf rf Tr Tf Tr rrf Tr ( ?jj (Tr f'rf rfrf r<r rr f 
 
THE BEH15TAN INSCRI PT/ON 
 
 2 r 
 
 17[«' <] Trr <f <rr K -te -W 
 IS.< MVr'4rih<' <Trm^r,<"^[<fr]Z< < «UZ< 
 Trr r<r K! "if r<r < 7fTr! < Tr! r<r < Tr! 7$ *< Trr ( 
 f^Tf-fdTr! < Tr! Trr[T]Tfr<r 
 /$. < r<r Trr *f r f 7Fr<- (Tr TrTf r& T& <Tr T< ( «!! << 
 Tr r<- f<r [?r]r& < Tr T! Kf T? < <Tr Tr! Trr < Tt 
 T! ?3) T Trr T < fT< !<^7![fr]7F i<r Trr (jfrr TiT^ 
 
 <fc<]mmmr < k(t t? Tiftrn? t< 
 
 (TfrjTrf Tr <TT< Tr! TrrteTr < Tr! < Trr < f ? 
 ?r*ltr Trr < <X ?» <fr T& <[^ T! !<!T^= Tf K0 < 
 Trr <K [<] Tr[Tz]Tr! < T Trr Tf < Trr Tt=[‘ T rr ?]<?< 
 Wl(Tr < <K TfW Tf[r<j < rrr ^ ^ Trr 
 
 < tf T( -ftf Trr Tr < 'rFTrT^ < <?< 
 
 Tr Trr < f? rrr rrr < <K[r<- 7? TF r<r <] Trr «- <rr 
 T< Tr/K- <J Trr « < tf rF(?[^J <rr KT[Trr]Tr! 7TT< < 
 
 T Trr Tr! ( T^T! Tr ?tj f< Tr! < Tr TT \<J TT TF r<3 
 
 < Trr Tr rrr < <K tfrf Xf -< -frf < [TrrJ <f (Fr T (Tr 
 [T(] < <K Tr rrr < ^ T7 Kf Tz 77 T 7 rjt< <] Trr[<Tr 
 Tr Tr! H Trjnr Tr! If r<r 73 ) < f ‘ Tr Tf !T * !r ! Trr Tr! 
 
 < Trr T T! <] T£ TTTr[( Trr j <Tr Tr Trf^T Tr 
 Trr &< ( fr TijTT Tr\f^^] < rrrTzTr! < T Trr 
 Tf pfrf < Tr! rTTr! ( fc(j !(-[?[! Tr TfrT ?&) Ti r! < 
 [jfr r K K 'te f TTF r<r (T]7f rT (if! fK rT ( Tr! 
 M<'< T” Tr <[Tr< T! (Tr TT TFT :<] !<! *!rl Trr 
 
 < Tr T< < Tr Kf Tr T( Trr Tr! < <^< Tr! Tf ?< 
 Tr! (KTfTrfTr! 
 
22 
 
 THE BEH1STAN 1 NSCR 1 PTI ON 
 
 COLUMN III 
 
 I. i)< Kf 77/ -f/f 77/7- 7 77 Tfr^f /7- <fr <7 < «ff 
 T< 77/ /7- Kf If r<r 7 77 fclfi -fe 7 77/ 77-7/7 7 7- Iff 
 
 s) < if m -rrr < r«^r 77 / 77 77 <- -/>a 
 
 < 77/ -/ ?7/f 7 ?< -f/7 7// 7== 7 / -7/7 < 7-7 7r 77/ < 
 
 <r7- 77/ sj r7- Trt < /<- 7(7 77/ < 7-< <7/ < f-777 ^7 
 
 < 77 77/ < 77/ < 7777 - 7 77 < 7-77 77 / 7 ^ 7 ? -7/7 
 
 jy 7 tf fcTfr -fe < rr ?7 *=7/7 77/ 7^ 7 / 7 777 /7- -7/7 
 
 77/ 7 77/ -fe -7/7 7 7- 77/ ^7 -7r7 7 77/ (7 77 K--fe < 
 
 t? -7/77777 777- ^7-7 £ ^7 77/ 7 -7 77/ -7/7 7 -fe ^7 77 -< 
 -7/7 < ^ ^7 7<7 -7^ 77K- < TTr -fe 77 77/ < 7K -Trf ^7 *7 
 -7/7 < 77r 77 777-7 <7/ <7 7 7=7 77 77/ 7 ^ 7*7 77- 7f 
 
 7/ 77:7- ?r *=/ 7f 7< < 77/ 777 -7/7 7—7 77 77/ -7/7 77 /<- 
 
 7 77/ ^ 7^ -7/7 77/ -7/7 < 77/ K f^f 7 -[^ 77 -7 77/ 
 
 7 77/ 77/ ^7 -7/7 7—7 ^ 77 77/ <-< < f 7 7<-7r7 77/ 7^ ^ 
 
 < 77/ -fe -7/7 7 7- 777 ^7 -7/7 7 ^7/7/7- -frf < <K 
 T<- 7f ?/ 7f K--7/7 < 77/ -7< < -7? /T 7777- 7 <77- 
 y f^f -"7/7 t 7 77 7-7 /7- 7 -7/7 7/7 7-7 /<- 77/ 7 T 7 ^7 
 (7/ 77- 7 777 fc^frHrr < 777 7K 7 /Tr -te T<r 777 
 <7 77/ -7/7 7 7K -7/7^7 K -77 7 T- ^ ^7 ^/7 -7/7 
 £ 7 T77 77/ -7/77777- < 7f 77/ 377--^ <f/ 7< < 7777 
 << 77/ /<- 777 77 /<- 7 7? 7^77/ -7^ 7 77 7-7 /<- /// 777 
 <7 7-7/7 /ojUJfff 7 77/ -7 -fe 7 77-7/7 7 -7/7 /<- 7 
 -7/7 -7 77/ < r^r^/r-r/r 7^^rr<r^rrK- 
 
 J. 7 Kf 77/ -7/777/7- < 77 77/ ^7 /7- -7^777 ^ 77 7 
 
 7777 7< 77/ r7- 777 77 /<- 7 -7rT 777 <77 T< 7 -7 77/ 
 -7/7 77/ 7 7/ 7-7 K-77/ 777 *<7 7 7-7 <7/ -f^-f/7 77 
 K- 7 7-7 /<- 77 T/ 77 r<- Iff < 777 T:& ii) 7 
 
THE BEHIS7AN INSCRI PTION 
 
 23 
 
 A 77 Tf 77 Tr" r<r < f« Tf Trr 7 r < K 7 ?r 77 < 
 HTATrr^Atf/^fe < Ifr-te-M < 77 A<A rr"ft 7777 
 
 < Trr <r <fr 7 -fe 77 Trr < -ff rrr $7:7 < r rr Tr n A7 
 
 < /« TA Trr ?r ft r<r 77 < Tr nr Tr Tr T: TT ft < K Trr 
 77 K^TrrTTfe < -rrr 7 Trr < 7 Tr Tp < 7 Trr 
 «AA7rA rrr<- nj Trr < «AA ft 7 ? ^ Trr 7^ Trr < 
 Trr 7 rr" r<- < TAr 7:=- 77 < 7rr7£ Kf Trr ft rr"r<- < 
 Trr A<A <7 77 < ^ T7 rr" T7A T7K- < Trr 7s* ^ 77 
 
 < f- Trr £A -Trr <7< Tff "r r><r < <"< K- < 77 -< 
 rrr < 7 TT r<- < <AA-<7r =7 77 Tr" r<- A tF A- rrr-fe 
 
 < Tr Trr Tr ft TT ft < <K Tr Trr < A- /^Tr.r T^A 
 TAr <7 ArftrAK—A^ < <K7rA^A77rA < TTr <7 
 <Tr 7 <rr ft < <7 Tr Trr < 77 Trr ^A <rf7:&TA7 Tr" 
 ft < Trr <"r T777 A— f Tr iy Trr 77 7A r<r < <rr ft? 
 
 7rA Trr -ArA < Trr 7 ^A < 75 e 7? -< Trr < Trr <Tr ft 7 
 77 K Tr Trr <7 < A^ Trr 77 < <*< r <- < 77 < Trr 
 
 < Trr 7- 77 < A^ TTr 77 77 ^ < 77 rf 77 < <K 
 A<p Tr" 77 "rr" r<- 77 ( rrr 7< < 7s A^ rr" r<- < rrr 77 rr" 
 rf Trr Trr Tr r<- <K 7- < 77 Trr <7 K-Taa < <7 A < 
 ^A <Ar rr-7rr $ft < A<A A- 77 Trr < rrr <7 < rrr 
 7s A<A Trr ft rrr 77 < <7 77 Tf 7 77 < A*= ^A 77 
 
 -rrr 
 
 £ < A<A Trr 7rA?r rft < Tr Trr A7 r<- 7s < Ar ^ ft < «AA 
 ft Trr K- A<f TT r<- < W rsTArTs < Tr <7 K-Trr <Tr ft 
 
 < 7rA 7 Trr < TAr 7 7s < Tr"7rA < 77 r<- < 7fA ^ 
 7 Trr < A- SA 77 7r A < 7 Trr « AA 7r r T7 TT r<-. TTr 
 5. < f<r Trr 7rA 7TK- < 7f Trr Tr r<r 7 T<rr T< < 
 «AAftTrr7<-^A<ArTr<- < A 7rA^A7rArr"K- < 
 
24 
 
 THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 -fe <-< r<r 77 Tr Trr -frf < < Trr -frf < 77 Trr 
 -fe Trr < 7 7 rr 77 < 7f K77 xjj < K- 
 <r7 77 FT K" 7? < 7 Trr 77 Trr ( Tr « K- rrr (rr << < 
 
 77 r/r T/ r 77/ r<r < 7/r7^ 77 Trr < 77 77 rrr 7f 7 < 
 
 <K xp <rr 7^ < £7 <7 7 77 77 77 r7 77 < <7 Tf 7? 
 *77 77 Trr < 7? 77 3f 77 Tr < 7— Trr H ,<K r<7 rrr 7 
 Trr 7^ Kf Trr ip < Trr Kf <K ( Trr Tf 77. < *7 7f 77 
 77 r<r < Trr K-TT\ K- < <7 r<7 < <f<7 7r (Tr TK < ^ 
 <7 ?7 < ?r rrr 7^ jtp <f-TrrTf (rfTrrTTf^ < 
 (K7 (7 Kf nr rr 77777- < <7 77 rrr < r<rTr Trr 
 Trr < 707 77:7 77 < <K ^ Or 7^ < <7 Tr- 
 rrr 77 ( <7 f<7 77 ?r 77 K- < rrr 7 7^ < Trr 7 77 
 r<r < Trr -fe 77 - < 7^ <7 K- 77 Tr Trr -frf ip -Tr! < 
 rrr <7 77 K- 7^ < <7 (Tr 7^ < «ffT( Trr K- f<r T77 
 
 < Trr 7 7^ < TrTTr'Tf 77 K" 
 
 6 ( Kf Trr xp - frf 77 r<7 { 7 TTfrTTT Kr 7^ (Tr T< i 
 «ffZ< Tirr<-KfTTr<- CWfcTrr^ < Trr Tr -frf < 
 f— 77r .7 77 < -7 rrr Tf sp 'Tr! < <7 77 rrr < 
 77 Trr rr 77 < f« 17 Trr 77 7 K-77 < (7 7- < Or 
 TfTrr < 77 Trr 77 < Trr <7 < Trr 17 77 7^ 7f 77 
 j*/Tr K- < 7 Trr 7rf < ^TTr^fe < 77 7 rrr < 
 7rr f- < Trr7^77?7 77r77 < 77 TO 77 7< 7777 
 
 < Trr <r <7 7 7^ 77 < <7 r<- < Trr 7 77 r<r < 
 
 f-Tfr^f < Z? Trr ^ ^ Trr < 77 K Trr < 
 
 Trr <7 77 r<- 7^ < 7rr Trr spTr -frf < rr ^ rrr 7^ < 
 Trr ^777^^^7777- < <7 rr Trr < T- Trr TTf 77r 
 ( Trr Z rr r(-^ < 77 Trr 7/77 77 ^ < 7-70 77 
 
THE BEH1STAN INSCRI PT1 ON 
 
 25 
 
 0<7 rrfrf (-teT\\r(f\T < 1 Tfr^Tr r<- < 
 
 Trr 4 / -fie Tr Trr ( <-< (Tr -fie < -fie <-< r<- f~f Tr r rr 
 
 *rrr < <*r<- < -rTrTrnrK- < tt <rr - <t 
 
 Trr < Trr 7f T< < 39 « Tr Tr < f- rrr Tr Trr < 
 
 ^frTTTT ( Tr Tf^frT ffTf STf TTrTTrf ( <K-frf 
 
 Tr *< < t TT r^r < rrK- < ^ ^ ^ rrr -r^ < 
 
 « -frr Tr -< -rrr < rrr <f (Tr -< < Trr <Tr T r 
 
 -^r HTr Trr -rrr rr r<- ( (Tr fr fr -Tr Trr - frf ( rrr 
 T Tf < -fie T -< Trr < Trr < rr Tr -Tr r-r Tr 
 
 Trr <-< < f- rrr Tf < <-< r<- < -Tr -< Trr < Trr 
 
 -/r -Tr < r-Tr Tr -r r r < ^r r<- -Tr < -fe <-< 
 r<- 3j>MTr Trr Jr [ <-< r<- < rrr -r< (TrtrTT 
 K- < r<r <T Tr -fie Trr <-< Tr <K r<- < -Tr Trr <-< r<- 
 rrr < <f < Tr < Tr T- -r 77 T ( Kf fjj^frf Trr 
 
 < Trr <T< < Trr fr r<r Tr T Tr -Tr < <K -Tr Tr 
 *< -Tr < r Tr -Tr -Tr 
 
 7 < KfTrrTfTTrT (TrTrrTf r<--fe <T Z< < «\l 
 T Tr K-r<r rr y^K- < if frTrfr < <-< (Tr Tr < 
 -fie <-< r<- f—r 7r rrr -Tr < <K 7r Tr < T -Tr -< 
 
 Tr -r rr << < Tr fie t t Tr rr er rr t< (Trr ^ 
 
 T<- (Tr r<r < rrr r ?r K- -fe < T rfT Tn K- Tr (rr -fe 
 Tr T Tr -Tr ( <K rr Tr ( TrfrTrT < f-rTr Tf -Tr 
 
 < Tr r<r \r -Tr Tr < <K r(r Tr 77 -fTT ( Tr rr T 
 
 ( ? -Tr rr t < Tr tt *rr -r^ Tr Trr rrr<— rr < t< fr 
 
 Tfp<TT ( T-TTTrfT y>7Trf < T Tf (rr ( < Tr frf 
 ( T (rr K< ( TrfrrrTr < (f frf Tf ffrf ( Tr (f 
 (Tr < -fie < Tr <rr Tr Trr H T Tr -Tr rr r<- < (Tr 
 ft frfrf Tf frf ( Tr T Tr ( -fi^ << -< Trr ( Tr (Tr 
 
26 
 
 THE BEHISTAN l N SC R I PT I ON 
 
 Tf 'frf HTr Tr <4 < T rrr ^F < <4 r<- < 47 4 Trr 
 
 < rrr 4s *?47 < f-TrrTf-frf ( Trf r(- -[if ( -77 <4 
 K- K Tr Trr - frf <4 r<- ( Trr 4< < -77 777 fr<r < <77- 
 77 47 7F Tr <4 K- < 47 Trr <4 ^ 4- 7rr <777 < 77 
 <rr Tr =7 77 << < 7<7 7 -77 Trr <7 rr <4 < Trr 4s- 7<7 Trr 
 7< m477 < <447 77 4 47 < 7^774747 ( (Tr 
 -frf Trr ( Trr 4^= ^ 47 < 4s <4 K- 7-7 Tr Trr -frf 
 
 -I frf < Trr <77- 77-7 Trr r<- < (Tr 47 Trr < -7r7 77 44 
 rr K- Trr < 47 r<- r 7 << 77 r<- < 7« 77 4r7 -7r7 Tr 
 
 < Trr «= <rr 7 7. 44 TFr < rrr <4 47 < Trr <77- 77 
 4 TTr r<- 
 
 # < 7<7 Trr -7r7 Tr K- < Tr Trr 77 r(- -fe <Tr T< < 
 «77T< so) Tr r<r Kf T r(- ( T F^ Trr -te < 7rr rr -7r7 < 
 TTr -7s 47 < 4s <4 K- 7—7 7r Trr 47 -7r7 < <rr 477 
 rTr < 47 77 47 77 r<- Trr < sj) -frf r<- Tr" T< Tr~r<- < 
 7« 77 4r7-7r7 TTr < rrr «47r 7 77 K-TTr < Trr <-< 
 47 < <7r 4s Trr 7 77 7- r<r < 4 7r -7r7 < 4s 77 
 Tr 4 -7r7 < T Trr 77 77 TTi X- < Trr -TTr T 7 F T 
 
 < <rr Hirf TTr v -frf 77 i r<- < Trr <7 (Tr 4-7^47 
 
 7 < Kim ssjJrflTK- < Tr rrr 77 r<- -77 <fr « < «77 
 7< rTr r<- 7<7 7f r<- < 7r47 < 474 < 47 4 rrr < 7s= 
 7747 47 <^Fr7 7777fK- 
 10. < 7<7 rrr 4777 r<- < 77 rrr 74 r<- -T (Tr 7 < «77 
 
 <X Trr r<- 7<7 77 r<- < <4 < rr -77 < -77 <4 r<- 7—7 77 
 Trr 47 7 <4 r<- < -7 77 777 Tr" r<- srsj ( Tr <77- 4 
 (zf)TrFTr ( <4 <77 4s < 7^4 7747 < 7«77 777 
 Tr 7( K- < <4 77 <rr 4? 47 rr" 47 < fr FT 4s- Trr 4 
 
 < 4 TTr 47 ' (TrTrTF Ft ( -frf 4 Trr < 4 Tr 7- 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTJON 
 
 in 
 
 < <K 37 <rr -fe -frf Tr rT Tfr < «ff Z\7r T Tfr -fc Tfr 
 
 < Tr -7 rf r<- < Tfr r /£ "Trf < <fr -/ff Tfr T Tr Tr7 
 
 < f-frfTf^rfTF\<-'Frf < -frffdTFTi^frf-frf < Tr<7 
 <T -( <T T < rrr Kf Tfr T Tfr - frf < rrr 7<7 T< 
 
 < 77 37 7r ?7r7 Trr ifr 7 f TT Trr K -frf < T< -frf rrr 
 
 < (Tr -frf Tfr < Trr -f^ -frf ( fcTfrTf-frf < <«=< 
 rT < Tr TrrTf r( r sy T3 (-< <Tr T< < «77 T Tr rT 
 f<r?f rT T< r<r rrr < <fT <T-7 -7r7 7rrT < ^ 73 
 Tff Tt < <K <fr Tt < 7- Trr 37 (Trr Ziff 
 rT toj-fc < p 7r7 r(--frf ( T< r(- FT Tr Trr Trf 
 
 < r« Tf Trr IF T rT < Trr -7 rrrT < fr 7 F-feTrr -< 
 -frf < <K Tr7 37 K Tr7 < Tr 37Tr7 K rf rT < 
 7- ^ Trr rf T T Tr -< rf T < K Tr Tr7 Tr < 
 
 TT IT Tr Tfr < Tfr Tt Tr Trr < <-< Trf 37 -< Tr7 < 
 Tr <7 <rr K Tt < Tr (Tr 37 Trf 7^T T Tr Tr7 rf 
 
 rT < <fr t? 7t -7r7 Tr Trf < Tr -7 T7 < T3 
 T 3 Tr < Tr (Tr 37 Tr7 7-T T Tr <-< < 7- Tr 37 
 
 < <-< rT < ^frf K Tr < Tfr -te -frf < fc= Tfr 37 Tr 7 
 
 < «^r rf rT 6j; "frf ( <K 7<T ff T rfrT Tr7 < Tr 
 
 -f< < T3 rT 7frT < Trr Tr Tr7 7- T< rT < Tr7 
 
 Tr T< r<f Tr < <77 ( 37 <T Tr rf T< < 7<r 7- 
 ^7r7Tr < Tr <K < Tr Kf Trr T rrr -frf < 
 T\Tr7 37-<Tr7 ( f^Tf ^frf -frf 
 
 II. < KfTrr - frf ?Fr<- < Tr Tr T7 rT -7 t <r? T < 
 
 «ff T< Trr r<- Kf Tr rT < ^ -frf 7f rT < <-< 6^ rT 
 Trr Tr 37 irf < T< !<r7Ff Tr r<-TTf < <K \IT Trf 
 * frf Tfr < W T7 If -frf Tfr < Tr - frf ff T ( n ff-fc Tfr 
 
 T ^77 < <K Tr7 37 K Tr7 < ?r 37 Tr7 K ^ rf rT < 
 
28 
 
 THE BEHISTAN fNSCR I PT I ON 
 
 <17 & (Fr -hi -fe < K Tirr -hi Trr < rr <*< K- Tr <rr 
 7< < Trrl7 Tr nr < <K -7r7 ^7 -< -/>/’ < 77r <7 <rr -< 
 7^ < Tr (Fr 7Hrl H Tr Trr -hi syJF r( - < <rr ^ -7r7 
 
 Trr -hi < Trr(l)7l < -fe << K rfr < rrr <rr 7-f 777 
 K Tr Trr <7< < 7 Trr ^7 < <K /<- < -hi --( Trr < 
 
 Tr-l7-lrl ( TnrTMrl < ^rf ^ K- -/r7 < <K fcrr 
 77 77 K" -rrf < Trr -K < -f^/£ 77 r<r < fr 77 r<rlM§< <K 
 rf < 7r7 Trr <K r<r Trr < 777 < 7^7 <7r T'UFT < 
 
 7<r 7 -7r7 Trr < ^ 77r <K < Trr "fe Kl Trr <T nr -Irl < 
 &<-hl7T<-lrl < 1^71 Trl Irl 
 
 12. < Kl Trr -IrlJF r<r < rr Tr 71 K- -17 <Fr « < «ll 
 T< Tr r(- Kl 77 r<- < ^ l^Tr IT < <-< <Fr T7 ( 
 
 < <KK- < S' -ffe <K K- rrr < frfnZrH 
 rtTrr K 'fr! ftlfrrtf -frf < m^<K < *[rf K"fr[ < -/ir 
 7j) <T r(- Tl Tr Trr Trl < l« 71 TnJFTi K- < Trr -7 77 r<^ < 
 frTTT^Trr-iTrl ( <r(<T-l7 < Tr7<r[iFr lil < (*{] 
 
 Tr Trr < 7- -frf K 77-7 77 ?< < Trr -7 Trr 77 77 T Jr 
 
 7< < TrT< Jr Tr -fe < Tr7lT< Trr Tr Tr < -< Tr Trl Tr 
 
 < Til TFT Tr < [<-<] 71 <Tr 17 Trl JF r<r Tr ( Trr 
 grfe Tr 71 Tr < Tr-lrlJFrT Trr Jr T < Tr 17 Trr 
 T7 < fr 77-17 TTr -< < <-( Tr Trr < l- Trr 71 Tr < 
 TTt? 711 rrfrT <] Trl/rtf JF r<r ( Trr T( JF rT 7$ 
 T7 < Trr ^ 7r rrr T< 777r7 < Trr <77^ 7^7 -7 rrr$P7" 
 
 < <7r [Trl] Trr < ^7r7^7 -7r7 77 r<r rrr < P 7r7 r<r 77 << 77 
 r<" < 7« 7^7 Trl -hi Tr ( Tr ((- <rr 7 77 K-Tr < 
 
 75) Trr IT -frf Tr < Trr 17 Tr T< 
 
 13. < Kl Trr Trl 77 r(- < Tr Tr 71 rT 17 <7r 7 < « 77 
 <7 Trr r<r Kl JF r<- < rr 17 Trr 17 < Tr <-< r<c Trr < Tj 
 
 / 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 29 
 
 7< < -7r7 /6j K Trr < Trr -7-7^ < rf-7r7 i-Crf r<- 
 
 < -rrf K Trr < 7^7 Tr 7 < <K 7^7 <7r -fc 
 
 77 K- Trr 
 
 IT. < T<I7rrWrr«- < rr rrr^K- ^ <r r T? < «rr 
 
 7< rrr # K- 7(7 Tr rf < r<- rrr pfr7 Trr < Trr Tr -7r7 < 
 
 Yr Trr T[ rr/r<- <] Crr^frf) Trr < -7r7 rrr Tr rfi r<- < 
 
 Trr <*=< -TrT < 7? -7r7 7r K- < <^r <7r r7 77 -77 7f r<- 
 -77 < 4 Trr -7 77 •« (Tr fr 77 r<7 rrr < « 7 <f 77 7? 
 
 77 r<- Trr < Trr -7-7^ < <K Tr Trr -7r7 < 7 -7r7 -7 
 
 -7r7 77 r<- < rrr ^7 «77 < K Trr -7r7 < £rrr 77 7<xJ 
 77 -< 77 r<- < <-< *v7 ^77 77 -7r7 <K r<- < <Tr 
 
 7? < <K <Tr Tt < <7r rr ^ -7r7 J=7r7 rrr < -7 rrr 
 -7 77 ^7 <7r -fc < <^7 < rr -7 77r ->T < K rrr -7r7 
 Trr < [Tr _$=< r<r Trr ^ <77 77 < <-< rr Trr < Trr 
 -7^ rr T< < <K <7r -7^ < [7^] rrr ^7 <K K- rrr < rrr 
 - 7 ^ 7<7 rrr < Trr <^7 < rr -« <Fr - 7 ? 77 r<- < Trr Tr - 7 r 7 
 
 < -< *=7 <7r <7 <77 Tr yrfTr-rf < rrr 7<-7 r/f<KK- 
 ( <-7 <77 -< 77 -7r7 <*< K- < n? <rr 7 ? < ^ fr rrr -7? 
 
 < 7- Trr ^7 < -7 rrr -7 rr -« <7r tT 77 r<- < <K 77 
 
 Trr -7r7 < <-< ^ 7<- rr Tr rr r<- < 77r ^7 -"7^ < 
 
 Trr -7 77 r<- < Trr r \T -7r7 < Trr 7^7 <(77 -TrT < Trr 7( 
 
 77 r< -7^ < ^7 rrr -7 77 -« <rr -7r7 < < r < <Tr -r^ < 
 Trr Trr r( r *!rl Trr < <-< <rr -7^ < «77 
 
 T< Trr r<r 7<7 77K- < Trr -7 -7^ < -7 Trr -7 T7 7^7 < Tr 
 -7^ 
 
 15. < KJ Trr ^rl TT rT < Tr Trr^f r<r T^<Tr^i < 
 <(77 T<]Trr r<- 7<7 77 ^ K- < 77 Trr 7T& < 77? 
 7r hT 7 < 7^ Trr ^7 -7r7 < 7« 7^7 rrr 7 r 7( r<- -7r7 
 
30 
 
 THE BEH1STAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 ( f Trr f TTf< (Tr frf ( t Tr Tr f(( tef f< Tfr] ( 
 *< Trr 'Trf < 7 ? TrrjTf < frf p < Tfr ^ < fTr 
 
 (Wrf^ffTCrfrfrf (friKiTrzfrffrf <m<r<rr 
 
 < f* frf < Tr 'te Kf vi << vi frf < Tv f (f (f frf ( 
 
 Tr tel[W frf Tfr < Trrftejfrf < teTrr tef "IT r$ < f 
 TfrfTTf<(Trt7r^frf < T< frf Tfr < <Kr<r < 
 frf K Til < K 7F r<r < [(fffj(Tr f Trr ^frf rf r<r < 
 
 ^ Trr *T£ < rr/f« tef f]Trr < <K Tr Trr < 
 T-Trr TT ^ Trr < Trr << 7f r<T < f Trr f Tr f( 
 (Tr frf ( Trr (rite frf H Ti Tv frf TTrte ( (Tr m fte 
 frfjjfrfrfj ( Tfrfrtef] (f^ tef Trr (rrr (Tf tef frf 
 M mj Tr Trr <K ( frTT v[f« tefjf Trr (fTrrf TT 
 K< (Tr tr 7f[rTj7rr < Trr f( ( (Tr frf Trr ( [f fte frf 
 TTr ( Trr f rte - frf Trr« rtrrr ( 
 
 f < TI ^(vfr-fTrTi ([KntJWTrr (T 7r(f < 
 TfrftefdTfl ( Trr 'tetri [(] Tfrftef «ff frf < <Hrf 
 
 < f f (Tr {[ (Frj Tr tef TT tel ( Trr ?oj (It (T fRrf Trr 
 { (Tr frfjTfr ( frf tef frf TTrT Trr (frf rte Tr (f?r[rte 
 
 < f« tef frf frf Trr < Tn^XTr FT TT rf Tp< Trr 
 <f frf Trr ( TTr ft tef f TTr Tr (0# fM TWmm 
 zmmmfm^tmm^<(f<Trf^ < mterm < 
 Cfrjfrf rrr j< frfteffrjjTT TrTTr ( frf\fr rr Ti TT rte 
 
 ( filter frfprfjTrr ( Trr (^ 1 $ (Iff] T 7T[tj Tfr ( Trr 
 (f frf Trr ( fTrr fTTtef^fte ft (Tr Tffrf rte] 
 'TfTTWiffTTrte ( TffMtef TT rf frf Tfr 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRIPTION 
 
 31 
 
 COLUMN IV. 
 
 1. 7 ) ( r<[ Trr 77 TF Tr < rr 7777 K-ft'E (fr T . <] 
 
 «ff T Trr 77777 r<r < 7777 ( 77 $ Tr < 77 7 Iff 
 
 ( f-Tf-frHrf [< ^Tr^fFTKF^ 
 
 X. ( Kf Trr *= frf 7FrT < Tr jj Trr Tr r<r 7:& <rr ^ < « .7 
 Tljfr rT [iff f]r< r < 7777 ( 77 r<r ( Trr TrTrf < Trr 
 7 (Tr 7 y 7t Tr! < 7^7M Trr < Trr (Tr TfftrT 
 MTrjTfr <K < <7 77 <7 K^TrrK'" rrr < r<T Tf 
 i/7r < t? feTrrTr ( K- !( f Tr < ((fl\j( Tr rTfd 
 7Tr<d <77 7 7^77 < < r r77 < <7 77 Tr 7 yfrr 
 ( 77 <! <T7 7t 77 <7feT<K | Trr < Trr <Tr TjjTrf F r f 
 Tr Trr <K < Trr rr 77 << rr 77 (Trr $ 7< K 77 < 
 (Tr 7 7 Trr < 7f7 < «7 ^(Trr r<T f<f 7Fr<r]Tr ( Trr (!T 
 T[ 7 Trr r<r Tr! ( f 77 <7 77 Trr 77 < ^ 7 Trr 77 
 
 < 77 (Tr T ( Trr <7 < [<T (Tr 7^ < Trr <7/ 
 <7 7< <7 7T 77 r<r < Trr Tr !(! Trr ( Tr r< l <-< < 
 Trr rr 77 < ^ 7Tf T7 TFrT < Trr f<- rr r( r (< <7 
 r<r < <! (TjT! (Tr T < Tr (Tr Tr ( (^((TrTT ( 
 Tr TrTf fT Tr! < <7 ioj f<- TFT Tr r& 77 < Trr 
 <r (Fr * ( (Tr fix < f Trr rr Tr]* ( K Trr 77 < (rr 
 7^77777 ( <7 <7 Tt ( Tr (Tr (Tr y 7< <Fr 
 <TTTrT ( Tr 7 t !(! Tr ( Trr[r<! <7 < TrrfrTrFj 
 
 < «7 7 Trr r<-r<r Tr~r7 < Trr r<- rr 7- < <7 7^ 
 •7< rrXr ^ < <7 iTr 77 < <rr 7^7(77 < <7 
 (RFTr^TTK^rrr < Trr 7 <Tr 7 <7 T <pf7jK Tr 
 
 g r kj ^rr Tr -rr 7 ?r Tr < k # Trr 77 < 7 Trr 7 
 Tr 7< <Tr 7 Tf r<- < <7 (Tr Tt [<] Trr <T[ (Tr 7< (Tr 
 TTTFrT ( TrT^fdTrr ( Tr f(f (T ( iy TrrTr 
 
32 
 
 THE BEH1STAN INSCRI PTI ON 
 
 "frf < K F <F <P <F Tr FPfrFFr < Trr PF 7r r<3 < 
 <K rF < -< F <7r KTF FrP <F rF < ^ <7r Tr < 
 tsj <K <7r Ft < F Trr -A 77 K< <7r FrP [< <K PF TF] Tr 
 ?r rF FrP < Trr <P < rr F <F F < T FrP Ff FrP Tr 
 rF < F Fr /$,« FrP < ^7 7 rrFPPT < F< <FFt < 
 (Trr <Tf] <F p« < rr FF] Tr rF < Trr Ft Kf Trr < Trr 
 r<r F< < Trr 77 -Trr < TFFrf F T7 ir> 7? < Trr PF 
 TF rF < <FFtF<7F/tF < «PP F Trr r<3r<r Tr rF 
 <<K<FrFr < <rr’i^-T<7rr < F< PF r F Tr rF 
 rF ^VP < Trr <P <Fr F <r7 7< < P P« TP-f.FTf 
 /FrPrrjF < F Trr FrP < ^frf TrrTr < F< <Fr Ft 
 < Trr <Ff <Fr F< <Fr FF TF Kr < Fr Ft f<P rrr < 
 Fr P<P F< < Trr[7r] r frf [< <<rrj << p<f ^[J 7F*frF < 
 Trr PF7F rF < <77 FT «PP F ^rf FP F< rF < FrP 
 <Fr F rP Fr rF jo/fTr < F< <77 Tt < FF Fr F FrP < [M 
 PF7FF TTrFFrT] < Fr <f <r7K <77 F < P rr 7F?7 FrP 
 W FrP < KFr FrP < Fr fr 2 j <1FFP FrP 7f rF < <F <Tr 
 Ft[< 777 <£T <?H« in FtTTTF < FrFTRr rrr < Fr P<P 
 <F <FrF Frf < «[[F Fr K-f<r ^ TF rF K Trr P^ 
 TrTF < 777 fciirfe *fr!W <] <rr ^«rp F'FfFT 
 F< rF < s=rrP <F FrP rrr rF rrr < F< <rr Ft < Fr Pt 
 < <K ^TrfrrfjK-^O < rrMKrrK 
 FF < P P«Ff Fr F < K rrr FrP < ^ FrP Fr FP <F 
 Ft < <K <77 Ft < 7Fr [<£[]<rr £<<]<?t - i^TFri'- < Trr 
 1zr<r7fr < Trr KF <K < FrrFrFrP < ^ «PPFFrr<- 
 r<rrFK- iTrrl^TFri- < <Fr < <K 
 <F Ft < FrP Tf <^~ <F FrP < <K PF 7FF 7F^j rF 
 FrP < Fr <P<F F<F F /"< f F^ <p< rtjH fr m *4r[ < 
 
THE BEH 1ST AN I NSCR 1 PT 1 ON 
 
 33 
 
 K Tfr iff ( , Tr Tfr T f \T < <-< (Tr iT < ' rrr 2j> (Tf 
 (Tr Z( (Tr iT 77 r<r < Trr 'fr[Kf Trr < Trr f < f ('(] < 
 
 Trr Tr'frf ( 'f Tf pff 77 r<r ? < rrr Kf 77 r<r < <K K” < 
 
 <r <7r mJTf (Tr Z < T? <7r Tr ( Z<[(rr iT m Trr 
 Tf]fT irf < (i K- 77 Tr 77 r<r -frT < Trr <r <7r i <7r. Z 
 ( l TrrTf \y«f\ ( i Trr 'frf (TrrTf f<? 77 '<[ 77 r<r ( 
 
 <-< <7r -Vt {] Trr (Tf (Tr i( <rr 77r<r < Trr ^ T<f 
 
 Trr < Trr f<f ('( < Trr Tr irf < '( i 36) (Tr <f <77 Tr Tf 
 Tr-Tf (Trr K' 77 K r [< ('( r<r < K -f <7^77 irf (i 
 r(- < Tr <7rTr ( <K <7r < -f rrr -7 77 i( <7r < 
 
 <-< f<r 3j) 77 Tr 77 r<r irf < rrr <f (Tr -< <rr << 
 
 J. < K( Trr[irf\77r(' < Tf TrrTf ri iT <7r T< ( «ff Z rrr 
 r( r f<f 77 r<" < Tr'frf 77 r(' < jjj fffff < ((ffZ Trr r<- f<r 77 
 i77r[( Trr Trjirf < Trr (fTTf im rZirf < Trr ' frf Tf 
 < 77' frf Trr < ('< irf Tf K Trr 
 f ij;< Kf Tfr irf 77 \ rZ ( Tr TrrTf rZf'fe (Tr Z ( (iff 
 T< Tf] rZ f<f 77 r<r < Tr <K r<r nr < Tf^rT rrr < 'frf 
 r<r rrr < <K Kr77Tr 77 r<' 3y Trr < TTr^T^fe < Tr 
 
 <rr <rr- < ^rr 7r[z < m k^ttt tf k 3 Trr < 
 
 rrr <r (Tr '( (Tr Z ( 'frf rZ < rr ^rf 77 r<r < K 77 r 7 T 
 "frf < Trr (Tf (Tr i( ssj (T ZTT7rZ 77 7 Zr fTTrr 
 i^= < Tff?r[7( < Trr(rf Tf irf ["fjTr Trr ('frf '7 
 Trr < Tr fe-Tr Trr < Trr (f (Tr K (Tr T< < r<r{< l 
 Trr ( irf Tfr 'frf ( f' ^ Trr -Trr < TTr 'It Kf Tfr ( 
 Tff 77[Z < Trr <f (Tr K 'It irf] 
 
 5. ( f( f Trr irf 77 r( r < rr rrr Tf r("frr(Tr Z < «ff Z 
 Trr r('f(f 77- 37 ) r(' ( frf'(7r iTirf < Trr ( «ff[Z F7t 
 rZ Kf ?Fr<r7i < •; <K] < rrr T? "fr f < Trr <^< r<^ 
 
34 
 
 THE BEH1STAN 1NSCRI PTI ON 
 
 < <^< Tr rrr < Tr TT {Tr <AT Trr < Tr 3 << TrA < 
 39 77 TrA 77 7? r<r <7r TT rrr < Tr] 3 Trf[?F Tr < <?< 
 r<r < rr 3 < T< M < T7r<M -ArA TF r<r < Trr T'r Trf 
 
 < <77 K< 3 7< Tr] TT { w T]f7 Trr < r<r j?j 3AA 
 77 Kr < rrr 'fts- A<A Trr < -ArA K[77 K-Trr <K kQ < Tr 
 <-< rf 77r <rr T TrA IT Tr < <3 <’ rr K< <77 Tic Trr < 
 rrr <-< TrfTF ^ Mr 
 
 6 7 f<f Trr sTrf ?F K- < 7f m[& *]•&[<& ft] < «ffft 
 rrr rT f<r 77 r<^ < 77 Tr] < TrA Tr < Trr 7r TrA < rrr <7 
 <7r K T^Tr] < ^ TT T< M Trr < Trr <rr 3TrA A3 rr 
 rrr <M [< <p(]Tr][<T]K- Trr TcTFr < ft] Tf Tr < Trr <f 
 {TrTT^Trf < ArA3rr T7Tr] < A- rrr < <K r<T ^ 
 
 < Trr t? 3 Tr] < 77TrA TrrTrA < Tfr Tr t? Trffrfj < Tr 
 Tr] 77 7 ? 3 ]7 Trr <M Tr < Tr] Tr < Tr] M Trr < T 
 7f Tr] Tr] < T^ 7] * ^ TrA Trr TrA < ]<] <Tr -fe- 
 7?r'W < -frA Wr*fr M- [< 'tr'EfiffH’^Wri-lfr^K' 
 7. < A<ATrTrA77rT < 77 777 3 TrT^KTr « < «TA T 77 
 ^ K- A<A rr ri- < Trr <rr 7] Trr 7T Tr[THrf < (F^mT^lTr] 
 Tr Tr IF Tr < rTITTrr { 77TrA < <K << 77 rT 3rA < 
 -<77M r_ (_<3<77M<<77 «]fTr[ Tr]- ( Trr Tr Tr] < 
 rrr <r <77 MpfT Trf < <K Tr A] <M Mr Tr rM rrr < ft A 7] Tr 
 V. < ft] Trr TrA77r<- {Tr Trr 7] rT T7 <Tr T< < «fA « 
 rrr 3 u)]{]TF r<r < TT MM rrr < 77r <Tr 3pArf 7T 77 rrr 
 T< < Trr TjTTTr] TFr<r < 77r K 773 « 7737 r<r. <TT 
 ]rTFT r < Trr A^ TrA 77K^ ( 7T -ArA ^ Tr] . < rrr TT 
 
 < Trr <K 3 TTr TrTTr < 7]][?r] rr[TT rijTfr < K TrK*- 
 
 < M 77 7 ? 77 <7 -frA TrA < rrr TrMK 3 rrr 3A 7n 
 
 < *=< 77 r<" - < 7F 77 77 T Tr] Tr] < 3A Trr ^ArA 
 
THE BEH1STAN 1NSCR1 PTJ ON 
 
 J5 
 
 [rf < <-< rf < mftjftf-frl (TFTrlTrTrl < Til IF 
 w IT if! < 77 -Irl Tr 77 f f fe rrr -Irl rr rf < Tfr 'fe f< 
 t*rf Trr < f f<<rffc < f<r rrf^pr <pfrrKj 
 'K rrr < T-T!*lrHrl < < TFft[THrf <] IHrf < 'fc 
 f r k -fe Tvr -rrr ?r rf < <^r ^ < t f< < rr «rr w - rrr < 
 
 - Irl ft r Frf rrrjWrf rFrftl 
 
 7 < KlTrr-lrlTFrft < Tr rrr Tlrft nfe <Tr f< < «HT<TrrK- 
 KlTFftr < r 7 f K- ?r rf .^ < f f < < rr ^ rrr < {ill 
 ft Trr ft- KffrF rf rrr < r<3 ’rrr -Trr rrr < rrr f< < TTr 
 7F ft Trr ftrl < Trr -ft Trr < ft hr rf < Trr ft -Irl rr 
 rf < l-Tfssj-lrl-lrl < ft-Klm <-lrl-<7fr < -ft 
 [ft ft Trr] < Trr <Fr fT^HT H rr Trr <f< < f < frT f< rf 
 Trr rf rrr < KfTITr < l-Tl ftrl "Irl 
 10. < r< r Tfr S 3 ) ftl IFF ft-' < TrTlTl rf -ft (Fr ft < «fif 
 [T<Tr]r<-Klhrft- < «-<FrTl-lrl < KKFr -ft Trr -Irl 
 
 < -It Tift It ftrl Tr frr < ^rf rf . < -Frf f ^ Trr < 
 TTl ftrl ftrl <Tr-ftKlFFr < T Trr[Tl <ft f rrr < tf) 
 Trr[<K rf < rrr -It <K rf ^Jf rrr TIT ?r rf < frr rrr < Trr fr 
 <rf7<rr rr rf * ^ rf Tff/Fft- < Tffrf rrr ^frT < 5 ^ f< ff 
 <rr <ff- Tfr irf < K Tr rf - < [Trr] ?r[<rHfr] 7r [rf rrr f<]f 
 <>7frTftftr<rTr <ft<lTrr<ftr<- < Trr (TTlftrFFTTrTr 
 
 < r<r <rr fT rrr ^/rf < Tr <7r ft -Irl rrr ft -IT f rf Tr 
 
 <;<rr -lrlur[-lft]TF ft- < -Irl <rr frf rrr [f Tr rf 
 
 < -IFF ftrTrr ((TftrlTr < Tr 7l <11- ftrl <-<TTF 
 -It Trr 
 
 //. 57) < f<r rrr Trl Tr rft < r? rrr fr rf "fe <Fr f < f«rr 
 ^ rrr r<3 M TTrft < r<-7\\TFrft < TF-lrl 7rr-lrl < 
 <f< <71 (Tr (If- Tr Trl < Trr ft? (IT <rr Tr rf rrr i^/f< rf 
 
THE B E H I STAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 < -< rr K- 7 7<7 7rr <-< r<7 < [7-j rrr 77 [i*( r<r Iff] 7 
 rrr <rr 77^77 7—7 7r Trr -7r7 r<- < -7< =fr f 77 . < -7 TT r<r 
 Trr < <rr -Tr7 Trr -77 Tr r<7" < -77 <7r ^77 s?) Trr < rfrf 
 Trr < -7 TT r<r Trr 
 
 72. < r<r rr.-7r7 rr~ r<7 < 7r Trr ^7 r<r^ <7r T< < «77 
 << Trr r<" 7<7 TFr<7- < TT"7r7 < -7r7 r<r < Trr 7r ■frT < 
 Trr <7 <7r -< ■'fe *fr7 < <-< 7r7 <-< K-Trr K- Trr < 
 
 7<7 7 r 7' ; < pfe <x -<J Trr < Trr <Tr 777r7 7—7 7r Trr <K 
 
 < Trr <7 <7 -< ^ ^>7 < Trr <7 777T7 hfTrTfr r frf TF r<r 
 
 < <7 ^ ^ -7r7rrr r fr7 < Trr -7:^7 < <7r -7 r7 Trr < 
 
 Trr Kjpr K^TTr <K ~ < -f] <77'" Trr <-< < -777 r<7 TT r<" < 
 
 <K -77 rr 
 
 /J < 7<7Trr -7 r 7T7 r<^ < 7r rrr 77 K'-'fe <Fr ^ <? < .<<77 << 
 Trr r<7 7<7 TT r<7 < Trr "fe 7f 7?r[777 77 Kp < rrr <Tr 
 FF r lrl T- r Tr Trr \< <Tr ^ *lrf Trr -77 < Trr -7 ^7 < 
 <rr-7r7rrr < Trr K TT ^ r<- rrr <K [<J-7 <T7 rrr <-< < 
 "hi r<rTF[r*r i {"i^hlTfrFr ( r<r K[jTrr < -< TTr<r 7 
 Trr 77 TTp^ < Trr <K ^7r7 < K TTK- < 7r 77 <7 -r< -< < 
 Trr<K"7r7 < -< ^ T7r<^ < 7~7<Tr7 77-77 < Tfr <K 
 ^7r7 < [K TFK^ < Wr]:ff['Trl < Kj TT^7r7 TTK- < -77 
 <rr 'frT rrr < <rr ^ 77 77 r7 < Trr 77 7 -7r7 Trr ^777 < 
 <Tr Tr 77 TF r<r ^|?rr «77 7 K^Fm r(r (] TF r<r < 7< 
 7^<7r^7TTpfr7 < K TF r<r {j^m^frh - «- <7 "i^^rl-frl 
 
 < K <rT77 •; < TtT <7 < rr K i^-7r7 < "7r777 7r7 TT r<r < 
 <-< K" < « -frlrfrl ^ «77 T< ?7r7 Trr < h? 7 K rrr < rT 
 RfTr[r<r7rr < TTrJ r '7^'-77 < KTi^^^rf^rl < rrr 
 [p-fj^ri'rf < (Kr7 < ?7 TrK^KTrrfr^K^ < rrr ^ 
 ^7r7 <•• <rr 7«^7 7^_-7r7 ^ 'frT i Tfr ^ 'TF r ’^ r Tr\ 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 37 
 
 /# < f<r rrr ^frfFF r<r < Tr Trr ^7 <rr T< < «77 ?<( 
 Trr r<r Kf rn r<" < frbKrr 'fe "7r7 < [7= rrr/ < «77 << Trr 
 ] '«'\<nrr<c < «£> <?< K”~ < Tr^Tr^frf < 7fr<K r<^ 
 
 < '-frf’^FTrf ?F[r<rj x [« Kj X 7T ^7 <rr "K K < 77r <K 
 
 f7r7 77r<" < <KK— fe Trr < [r~f XT^r r=^<T« Trr. 
 <X =f>7 ^ 77 r<" < rrr "7:= 77 K" < "7r7 7rr< 77 <7r 7< 
 =7r7 rrr . < f-7 TFrirjWr < <rr 7« ^7 =7r7 rrr ^77 77 r<r 
 
 < ^ ^77^ Trr, 
 
 IS < r<r rrr =7r7r7 r<" < 7r Trr Kr ^ <77 << < «ff 
 T<mHrl<! 77K" < [\rT<Tr\'fe-M < 7=rrr < ' <"< r<- 
 
 < Tfrrr^f "7r7 < 77-17 rrr " 7r7 ,, < 37 77 ^ 77"7r7 < 
 "7:& 77 K rrr <"< r<r ' < =frf r<c ^ Trr "7r7 < Trr 7r Sri 
 
 < =< 77 K- ^ 77[7<]7 77 [< 7r]Trf lF r te Trr ' ; < T? =7r7 77 
 7= 3 Trr < *777 Trr -77 r<r i < #7 77 p=< Trr <K K- < r<7 
 7/7 "fe Trr - A|i C Trr <K Kr < Trr -1= 7<7 Trr 
 <a =7r7 Trr [<] T Tl Trf-fJ Trr 
 
 Ik < r<r Trr -77 77 r<- < Tr.rrr <7r 7< < «77 T< 
 Trr r<r 7<T 77 K" < r<7 ;jj[^T7 77 r(J < 77 <77 Trr -7r7 < 
 37 77 ("tt 773 <] 3 77 K Trr [<-< r<" <] FFSrl FT iz 
 Trr < 77 =77777 f^TfWr < =( 77 K" TfflFT < fr T 7 
 7= K Trr <K K" < <rr =77 rrr. ^ <7177 K" < r<" Trr "7^ 
 Trr < <77 <r? 3 Trr [< Trr <K =7rf 77 rXj < 7? 3 77 
 =7 3- Trr <=< 3T 77 7< < Trr <TrTl Sri M Tr Trr < 
 f<7 < 7r ^ Trr "Tr < 7r <7r T< =77 Trr < p r 77 r<" ^ rrr 
 
 < <7 'frrTrr =7r7 77 < Jr? <rr[Trf Wr] < "7^7^T7r<- 
 X "77 F[r<r}Tfr < <7 =77 Trr < Tr ^r <77" "7r7 <K=7r 
 
 Trr < <7 =77 Trr < "77 r<" < <7 <7r K "7? rrr <"< K- 
 ^ < Trr "7^ =77 77 K- < Trr iFrTMrl l r T Tr Trr [<] 
 
38 
 
 THE BEH I STAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 <[rr wHr < <r<n k <n m- <n -te 
 17. < A<A Trr -ArA rn rf < Tr nr ^A r<r 'Ts <rr << < «AA T< 
 Trr ;j> * f<r ?r r<' < K-TAATrrf < TWrAfTrrfArA < £AA 
 77 ?r 77 -ArA < 77 frf 77 ff rrr < Tr -TrT 77 A^ ?A r7> < 
 -fe 77 K Trr <K rf < r7 7 7 A- K Trr f < T7 77 7* < < Tr -Arf 
 &Trr *MTTr<r < rfTrrf^Trr < -TrT <rr[frAj Trr < 
 Trr f< -ArA rr [rf < K rQ rf TAA 77 << < Tr TF 77 -A 
 ^A rrr f < rf < Trr <77 TA Tr A A"A Tr Trr frA rr rf < ~K 
 Trl nr < *1 rpT 7rfr7r < <rr *ArA rrr -ArA rrrf < *nTrA 
 <rr frA [Tr < frA Iff < < 7T rf rrrj < <rr pTrA Trr < -ArA 
 rf < <A <rr f rrr rf < Trr ff -ArA 7 7 rf < rrr 
 <rr TfArA M Tr ^ Trr < K 77 A- ArA^ <rr ff 
 /?. < A<A Trr -ArA rrrf < Tr Trrfcf] r<- 'fc < Tr T< < «AA 7< 
 rrr rf A<A 77 rf < 77frA 77 rf < frA TA -ArF 77rf rrr < 
 -ArA rf 77 rf ty < Tfr Tr fcTT rT < Trr rr Trr [< 17? 
 <K P ArA rrr < rf rrr frA 77r < Trr TfArA < <Ff<rr "ArA 
 Trr -ArA TrA < -ArA rf TrA < nfrA <7r IrA 
 r K K TrA < ^ <K rf < P A f A ^AA rr rf < Trr <AA^[<rr *frf 
 
 nr < rrr Tr T 77frf <J 77 TrflTrT < TrA TA frA77 rf nr 
 < « TrA frA «rA << -ArA rrr < rrr <f <77 f 77 rf Trr < TrA 
 K ^ Tr < rT 77 rr A« TA K Trr < K F7r [’frfl < 
 fAI^frrr ^3<K Kr 77r < t <7 77 < t rrr TAffT < <frj 
 - ArA TrrfK < f] Trr TrA < A<A<r7«AA ^A <K [rfj 7rr ty < 
 [^{frWj < Tr TrrTlfc [< <!T <n ^<}<Tr-fc < K/fr 
 frA < nfrA ^A <^A <rr K 77 K"f< K^frrr < Tr in Tfj <[^ 
 Tfr&fc < [fr Tr] Tr Tf ^ < KrTr^ArA < ?=A »p<rT[7rrj 
 ^\TT <\TK«[r<cTrr < Tjifrrr < t rrr TA Af < 
 
 ^A [<fT *[]<„ f rr f ^ rrr TrA < [Tr Tfr frT <g <K 
 
THE BEH1STAN INSCRI PTI ON 
 
 39 
 
 r<r <r< K- rrr < 7 ? <7r < fr Trr fe f<] Trr 
 
 [<^r <rr •irfj -< [ ?f<Z < r< rrr rfrf <j "fe <K <rr [f- <k] r<- 
 [Trr < < 7 r fr <77 TrTlfc * 
 
 /Z < KlTrr rfr[?rr<r < rr rrr iFf Hr 7^ <rr < «ff^rfr 
 
 K- r<r ^rFK- < frf<7rf^frf < [fcTr] < «rr^7rr 
 
 r< r [Kf] 7F rT < <K K- < Trr 7? ^f^rf < rrr <-< r<r < 
 *fjrf K r Trr ft! < 7777 77 <<, Trr 77 < 77 77 77 K- 
 r rr[ji Tr[r] rp <777 rrr 77 < [< rr 7 TrfJ Trr 
 
 7[rfJ <^ff[?rW^Tr 
 
 20 < T<r rrr 77777 - < rr rrr r<r 7 :r <rr << < «ff F< rrr 
 Hr r<r 77 Hr < 7 ^- << K rrr [< rrr/ < rr ^ [rf 77 77 j rr 
 
 mM < ?r[r<r7rrj < ttt rr ^ FX^mMmmm, 
 
 SB&W < rrr (t <7 K 7 ^ 77 77 7 < 77 < Trr# 
 
 mmmJrmmwrn 
 
 ■:W«rr k ?F K^7§yr f fr&xfr h- < [^rrj?F 
 
 ^7»sr<77 <Trrf<f<F<^-K <MSBmT.. %*Z 
 
 ®*rrr rr rrr < < rr 77 rrr 
 
 ■//////////z, r fr/y////////S///m If I \\V//////'///////' r \\\ rr rv xm/MUm/r 
 
 »rTK-m <'Mnr[1r{ ] <%fcWr’f? <7 F-frf < 
 
 :err ^ ?r w Tsaemf’^r mssa Trr ^ =r r r rrr 
 
 Tfr «=frr ?' [<] Tr <'< ,<- Trr [ Ty < 
 t^TnTf < <=< -frr < Trr '[rf «fWrf ^rf Trr 
 
 COLUMN” I V. 
 
 1. yF Kf rrr 77/77 Tr < rrjTrr 77 r<r r te[<T T < «/T/ 
 << rrr K- f<r r7r<- < .2; 77 77 < *fr![r<T < rrr 77? 77 < rrr 
 <r <r?/k 7^ -rrr nmmfcrrr r FK^frf[<im^yTrr FF r 
 %r<]fr[rF'frtrFrfF'1:f<]f<f 7T rr 'frf r^-frrr < 7? rrr 
 
<10 
 
 THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PT1 ON 
 
 Hy < K-] r<r rrr < «ff T< Trr ri r P fif ?T H < [Trr H 
 HyH rf iJrrjTYHi < [ K TFr ^frf rrr < TrJ<K r<- rrr 
 <rr 7< ifiriin §)Hy i <K f Tr^TrrHf < Rp?r 
 ^ rf r<^ Trr <J rrr ^ [< f Hf Tf ^frf rn <]m 
 IWHI Hf rr < H rrr HI < in y'\Y HY TF lr<^ 
 
 < rrr ^ ^frf < ^frf Kfj 7 r 7< -frT pfrf ( nr if iTr T 
 Hy\ Hf rrr < ^ f- rrM^ : < Tr Tr j HI < f- rrr 
 [Yf Hf i f« Yf YFr 7TT<] r<r Hf i in[HYHi Hf < 
 r Hf Yf Hr! YFrir <J ifT < rr H « < rr Hy i y H Tr 
 HI [< Tr rrr < ^frf H] Trr < rr [< Trr Hy 
 Hf << rrr^frf <] ■irf f<f rr << Hr] HI i Trr if <Yr r> 
 K r fe 'frf < Tr [fe rrr ^ < Hi in Hy < iff" ifr\ 
 HHi<fr r fY [i <p( 7r Trr i Trr Yf] Trr i Trr T TFri- 
 Hy < to) iTr Hy H HI [i Hi Hf Yf K Hf i 770 
 <rr f< [<rr < <p( Tr rrr <] iTr Hy HY T7r<c Tf H Tf 
 Ti i'frlY ij) Trr Hy i <f"inHHi]irFHY « 
 «f< rrr ^ TfH < iTr HI Trr < Tr TFH i HI Yf Tr i 
 $ in HI Trr f <J««« Hf Kf [?F% HfHrf i] Tr HT 
 Yf H Tr Hr < Tr K r<r i Tr H TT isj H - i HI nr [Hi 
 i iTr Hf Trr 7 Tr] HI i Tr Tr [Hf i nr Hy Tr\ Hi K 
 Hf i Tr fY Tr Hy i Tr Hi rY Trr yiTrTi i [Hf K Trr 
 i Trr H Hy] 
 
 2. i HIT Hf[?r rH < n Tnj Yf r<r "fY in T< < «II 
 <•< Trr ri r HI TF y H i Trr [Tr T TF Hr < in Hy HYJ TF 
 H Trr i [Trr Hf Tf Iy i] iTr HI rrr [ <(] Trr HI < Tr iTr 
 Yf HI /t)YH Tr Trr [< HI H Trr. < Tr fY Hf rYFfr] i Tf 
 [if in T in T i Tr H Tr FF Hr i Hy T H Tr i ? rrr 
 y in Yf Hf[M Tr Trr <-< < Trfif Tr] i Hf Tr [Hf 
 
THE behistan inscri ption 
 
 41 
 
 < 'fc Trr Tr! < Tr XT < nr Kf Trr T7 IT <x < 
 
 Trr <t <Tr * ^"[rf . 
 
 i < Kffcr Trr 7f K- X TrTrr Tf rTTfc <rr << i< «rr 
 T Trr r< r fXf} Fm r<7 ■’ X XK rX" X rrr Xrr T Trf TT rr rrr 
 -/rf £X rX"[rr rrr Trf rF X] r<r Trr [T^ 7rr. X Trr Xrr^ 
 -rrr 7rr>: < TrrJXK P frf7rr& X^XrrTrf rrr X T^T'r Tt= 
 XT K’" rrwT//////T 
 
 7 f< f<r rrr TrfrrfT X rr rrr T K- r fc <r7 XX X «ff <X 
 
 zj) Trr rT j/X f rr7 X f 
 
 Trr Tr Trf X rrrf] rn X- T7 r frf X rrr T rf K- -: X T- 
 
 ^ rrr TT 
 
 x tx rrxr t 7r tx <*( t tx ® «- < 
 
 rX- X rrr X ?Fr<X, ; < Tr Tf r<r < 
 Trr ^ Xfe rrr»»««^»7r X X^X»«« 
 I^Trr X ^ 7r f- Trr < Xf 77 T XX T ^ rX- TrTM^fTX 
 «»«[<] rrr < rrr Tr] rrr TX K XX X rrr K 
 
 rr r< r Trf X rrr <7" X [ rrr Tr/ X 
 
 /*f[< s=r ^*=W [< Trr fi <<c Plrf Trr < TrrJ --f rf r<- < -W 
 "Fr -TrT < i <77 'frr # rrr « [rF^rf < rfr^rfr^KK 
 
 <]xs?r << *gss3st[<J t[<r<rr]«n <p<m 
 
 r \r\ X rrr TpTX X rrr XfT ^ T —7 [ Trr K^TFr 
 
 rX^»»X«< rrr^rr^r X Trr 
 K?rr<--frr < '[rr Kr 2 ? TF T< fcrl 'hr < 7rf<f}<Trr< 
 T' ' \r\ (<] r<'[r<[ rrr < -frf rrrW/f < f^Wr-hr < 
 Trr H X^^rrr^ X Tr s^j <-< [rTFrr<Fr T< < ^ 
 K Trr [X rrr^fjT^ 
 
 5 [< fXf Tr Trf rflrX- X 7r rrr T rX-TTXrr ^X XXXf Xx 
 Trr Kr i^rxTTr/K 1 ' Xj' Vr ^^ T T^rrrrT^/>T/^/////7rX rrr 
 
42 
 
 THE BEHISTAN I^JSCR! PTION 
 
 < T TT T" < rrr <Tr TfTrf FT Tr jo) 
 
 <7r Tf [ irl M Tr Trrrfrf < Trr] rf rr Tr" r<" < 7? K rrr 
 
 < 7 rr<rrTf^frA 35) KT[Tr Trr <K < rf Kf rrr ( ^ArA] Trr 
 -rfr < TTrrTrf < Trr <r< < Trr^fTK! Trr TFTTFjTc 
 
 < Trr <A <rr -< ^At- "ArA 
 
 6. < r<f rrr -ArA 3yTT[r<r < TrffrTf rf "fTTrr Ti < 
 «ff 5] rrr[K-f<rrrr<- < <KK] < rrr <Tr ^r-rrr 
 Tr rrr ^ArA < rf rr Trr ^frf 3j) Tf’frf' < r<T rrr r fT rrr 
 {j -ArA[<r? r frA Trr < Trr <-< ^\r\ Tr rf < <Fr] -[rf Trr 
 
 < KTTF ^ <K K^Trr < <rr -IrA rrr < 
 
 /////////^//////^^^ 
 
 Bh. a. 
 
 /. j) < rrr rr -ArA < 7r Trr Tf rf ^ <Fr 7< < « rr 7< Trr 
 r<- r<r TT K- < -At M Tr A^ < «rr T< rrr r<r # Kf 7Tr<r 
 
 < «rr << nut Kf W rf nr K rrr Tr! < «ffKrrr rf KUrT<- < 
 
 Tr Tr Tf rr rr rf* < «rr T j) Trr Kr Kf Tr Tr < rr <K rf < rr 
 K rrr "ArA < fr T^frfm fcW <K rT Trr < ?? < rr 7? < 
 
 Trr s=r << rrr -ArA <K rr? < < rr rrr < <K «fT rrr rTrT < 
 Tr << TP rf 
 
 jZ. < Kf Trr -frf TFTr < Tr Trr Tf j> K- <rr T. < «ffT( 
 Trr r<r Kf IT Tr < Tr! K rrr < Tr 7F -frA Trr <Tr T rfr! 
 Trr Tr < ff yTrfrf Trr f’r Tr <K Kr Trr < Tr TT *=Trf rrr 
 <Trr^fT< Trr r \r\ < rrr ^fT< rrr i/f « rf rrr < ^ Tr 
 ?) rfrf Trr < Trr Tf TT r<— Trr ^ArA P < < Trr TfTT rf rrr tA 
 
 ^ArA K <K rf rrr < Tr TT-frfTfr y< TP TfT< Tr TTT 
 
 < rTTT TTrTTT < Tr TT 4 ’rf Trr < « «ff Trr Trf K 
 IT TT 
 
THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTlON 
 
 43 
 
 3. i) < Kf Trr -frf Tf r<r < rr rrr 7{ r<r ^ <rr T< < «ff <X 
 
 7 rr Tr Kf rr Tr < Trr ^ <K K'" ^ f f Trr f IT Tr r<" < 
 
 Tr ■irf < <K «rr Trr ^rf -< Tf << Tf r<7 Trr < Kf <K r<T Trr 4 ? 
 Hr/’ <K K" < <K rr rrr < 77 iTrfr FT &Trf < Tfr[ r Frfj 
 Trr rfrf Trr 12) < Trr - frf <-< Tr < <K rr rrr < ¥ <rr 
 fr rr" r<- -TrA < « r<- rrr < Trr 'frf rrr ^ «fT " frf < -frf 
 <rr '"/>/’ Trr < «ff << Trr K- Kf TF r<r rrr < rrr <K 
 f < Kf rrr iy -frf r r Kr < TiTu^f r<r <7r ^ < «T 
 << rrr r<rKfTT r<r < [rrr < TrT isj^Trr i ^\\fiTr r frfFTr 
 Tr Trr < -frf r<" Tf rf <77 K< <7r "fT /$; ^rf < «f T 7< 
 
 Trr Kr f<f 7 7 rT Tr < Trr <K < Trr Tr^ frf < K /ji r K 
 
 < r r r'r r rT < <Tf <fr ?f Tr" W rrr ? r Tf K irf < -fe r^frf 
 
 < «rr p << rrr K- Kf IF Tr rrr < 77r <K r<r < 
 
 Bh. b. 
 
 < Tr" Tr "frf < iff" < Tr ^rf Trr 
 ^ -frf < <K r<r < "Tf <T" <fr 7< < Trr 
 ^ <Tf <7r <Tr -<FF ff r<r < 
 
 > rrr ^ Kf rfr < Trr Kf <K < rrr rr-frf < -f 
 _£/ ^r Tff 77 K- < rfr K P Tf r<r < <K r<T < <T 
 ^ in 'Tf iTr T< < tf <rr Tr < Trr fr -Tf < «ffT< 
 
 jj rrr Hr Kf rfr<f < Trr K- TF Tr < 
 
 Bh. c. 
 
 Tf rir^frf < Trr T? 
 
 Tf -< < Trr <f f <fr 
 ^ -T< <Tr KT Tf r<r < 
 
 3 ; Trr ^ f<f Trr 
 
44 
 
 THE BEHISTAN INSCRI PTION 
 
 $< Trr f<r <7 < rrr 
 (g, 7r 7rf <«lf 
 << Trr r<-" KT 
 # rF r<r < Trr K- 
 TF r<r < <7r 
 '■fc 7< rr r<r < 
 
 Bh. d. 
 
 j? < TF r<" '“fr/ < K ^777777 7Fj7 < 
 
 ^ Trr <^f <Tr 7< <rr TF Kr < rrr 7^ 
 
 ^ K\ Trr < Trr Kf <7 < Trr 7r 77 < 7 7 
 £,<rr <r < rr Tt Tr^f < Trr K- TF 
 j? K- < <7 K" < 7 7 <7 7 TF 77 
 # <K r^r < 77 <Tr 7 r < rrr 77 77 < <77 
 ^ << Trr K*" Kf TT K' - < rrr f<- TFr<7 < 7 
 ^ Trr 7 TF <Fr 7^ < 
 
 Bh. e. 
 
 ^<TrK— F7 < f« Tf 
 ^ 7^ ^ 77 TF << < 
 
 $ Trr <7 <rr 7< <Tr 
 7^ TF r<" < rrr 7:^ 
 
 ^ r<r rrr < Trr Kf <7 < Trr rr 77 < 
 
 ^ «ff << Kf s r TF 77 < TFr K* TrX- 
 
 < <Fr7^«7 7< 77 <7 r<^ 
 
 j 7 < 77 <fr rfrf Trr r<rrfr < rrr rr 77 
 
 < «7 << Trr r7 T<f 7F rfr < WrK?ln<r 
 to) < 77 Trr /p 7r 7F r<r < 
 
THE BEHISTAN [NSCRI PTION 
 
 45 
 
 Bh. f. 
 
 p<?rr<— frf < •frftt t=frfrrr< r < Trr 
 
 £j <eT <rr 7< <7r 7- 77 r7 < Trr 
 
 j ^ K r Trr < Trr Kf <7 < rrr 
 
 ^ 7r ^rr < 77 77 7 77 T < Trr K- 
 
 5 j 77 r<r < <7 7< ?r k- < «rr 
 
 ^ 7 rrr Kr Kf 77 
 j) Kr i 
 
 Bh. g. 
 
 TjCuKc'-frl < 7-- 77 fr 
 
 ^ -rrr «rr 77 < 77 <^r 
 
 ^ <7 7( <rr -77 7r Kr 
 y < TTr 77 r<r rrr < rrr 
 r<r M < TTr 7 77 < 
 5 j, «rr ^ rrr K" r<r 7 r 
 jy r<- < Trr r<- 7r 
 ^ K- < Trr f7 7T 
 ^ 7rf rr rT < < rr 77 
 0 «rr 7 77 7f <K K- 
 
 ii) < 77 <7 77 Trr r<- 
 /i) rrr < 
 
 Bh. h. 
 
 < 77 Kr 7r T < 77 M 7 
 ^ 77 7r Trr 77 < rrr <7 
 j, 7< <7r 7^ 77 K- < rrr 1 
 f, Kf Trr < Trr Kf <7 < ' 
 
 <7r 
 7- 
 rr Tr 
 
46 
 
 THE B EH I ST AN INSCRIPTION 
 
 5) HTf < -f & ^rr TF rT < rrr 
 Kr 77 r<- < <K r<” < <r 
 7 j < rr <rr Z< < f, <Tr 7 ? 
 p < Trr Tr H rf < «ff Z Trr 
 p K- Kf 77 K r < Trr f<- TF r<7 
 
 Bh. i. 
 
 *< TFr<— FT < Trr «\f 
 p<Trr <^r <rr K< <Tr 
 ^ TF r<F < Trr T<T rrr < 
 jy Trr KT <-< < Trr Tr ^rf < 
 
 ^ -< -r <rr <r <7r (rr) 
 
 y 77- Tf < Trr Hr 77 r<r < 
 
 <-< r<" < K 5=f <Fr K 
 y; TF pfrf <*=< r<r < ’'fr <Tr 
 p Tr < Trr rr ^rf < «rr T Trr 
 up r<r Kf TFK" < rrr T<- TF r<- 
 tj < Trr ^(Tr)^ <rr --f? < 
 
 Bh. j. 
 
 ^ < TF r<T ^rf < /« Tf Trr Tr < 
 
 ^ rrr <pT < rr <rr 
 ^ Kp ?F r<r < TfrT^ Kf Trr < rrr Kf <K 
 p ( Trr Tr Trf < «fT T< Trr r<rf<f 
 # TF r<F < Trr K- TF r<7 < ^FrF <fT 
 9 <u ^ < 
 
T HE BEHIST AN INSCRI PTION 
 
 47 
 
 Bh. k. 
 
 j) < 77 r<rirf < <Tr 
 ^ «rr < <k r<- < fp 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF PERSEPOLIS 
 
 Dar. Pers. a. 
 
 j/\Tr Tr TF K" Tr <rr << \ «!T << rrr rOT<f 77 rT \ 
 
 j; Tr m rr 7 \ «rr << rrr K-r<r ?r r<- \ «rr f< rrr 
 
 ^ K- Kf rr" r<T rrr p< rrr Tr f, \ «ff 7< rrr r<T f< \ IF r< r \ 
 y Tr <K KTrr p< rrr TrA \ ^ rF << TrA rrr Ar 7 ? <Hr7 
 ^ rrr \ T <Fr Tr \ <K «AA rrr TrA K rf<< 7r"r<r \ <K 
 ^ Tr \ 7 F'\r\ TrA \^rf rr ^A TrA \ TrrCA <7rT<7r 
 
 DaT. Pers. b. 
 
 rr rrr rA K-Tr <T << \ ?=< A< \ Tr A-T rA Ap \ 77 
 
 T< ^frT Trr Ar Tr <"< r<r rrr \ Tr < rr fr \ <-< «AA 
 Trr TrA K Tr" 7 ?r r<r 
 
 Daf. Pers. c. 
 
 rrr rA Tr Ar pArA Tr p< \ Tr A<A <fT 77 K \ Tr Trr ^A 
 K-7r <K <Fr 7 \.p< A< T< r<- rrr \ fr 77f<f 77 Tr Tr 
 \ ■ t rr p rrr 
 
 Dar. Pers. d. 
 
 /. ^ Trr <rr TimM 7? Trr \ Tr K rA Tp \ <T rT 
 \ TrA A<A Tr << TrA \ pA <!T y Trr Trr TrA V <K 
 <Tr Tr \ 7r rrr rAV<77r < fr TrA \ «AA F( rrr rT 
 
48 
 
 tNSCR/PT/ONS OF PFRSFPO/./S 
 
 Kf 7f ^ K'- T?f \ TrrTr Tr 77r\ « <7r 7< 77 r<r \ 
 «rr t< rr -rrr \ r« ^r Trr -r ^ \ < Trr \ Wr 
 
 <7r Trf K Tr rrr <K Trr \ rr Trr^r K' 'te (rr . sj << \ «ff 
 << Trr rt-KflrK' \ 
 
 2. KfTrr 77 r<7 \ 77 77r K- <7rT\ (iff 7< rrrK- 
 r<r7FK- \ TiTr'lrf \ Tr <K rTTrr <7r Z< \ WrTrr Tf j) 
 fT \ ^frf r('Trr 'frf \ 'frf K rrr \ rrr <fr ^f'frW'f Tr rrr 
 \ f«^r Trr *7 ^ \ <K r<- rrr \ *7f'FWr \ <r7 
 
 ® t? rrr \ <Tr nfrf *=/rr 77 ^ r<r Trr \ -7^ << -< 
 
 Tr \ Trr <7 ^f'hff'iTr Trr <-< Trr \ -frr K TP & Trr 
 
 \ Tr Trr ^f r<r <K <7r 7 \ «ff <X Trr r<r Kf 77 j<r 
 
 « r<- rrr \ <if 77 rrr \ rrr K 77 K- K m \ K 77 
 
 rf \ rMtifeekl n)77 rr \ 
 
 5. Kf Trr -frr 77 r<7 \ Tr Trr 'Tf r<r <7r << \ «TT << Trr K" 
 ^ Kf 77 K- T -frf K rrr \ Trr <7r rf -frf J—f Tr Trr \ <rr 
 77 -frf Trr -Trl \ i$ -f zf frf' < rr -fe \ <K Tr Trr \ ?7 
 77 Kf 77 -f 77 7< \ -f (fT 77 isj'f 77 77 \ < rr -frf Trr 
 \ 77 'frr Trr 'frf \ Tr <-< K- Trr <7r ^Tr T \ Trr <rr ?! /$/ 
 'FrFH Tr TTr \ tt TTr FrT<Tr \. <K Tr rrr \ <K 
 ?7 -< Trr K' it) Trr \ « rr Trr \ . 77 r<r Trr 
 
 ^f TTr \ <7< 77- TTr \ 77 'Tf ^ <7r <17- TTr \ Trr * ! 77 
 Kr \ 77 'frf Trr 'hi \ Tr <K r<r Trr <7r -frf \ - frf 77 1 
 \ Trr -f< K' 77 r<r Trr \ - frf Tri \ <-< [7r] '< Trr \ Tr! 
 Trr \ <^\ 7MT;\ x<t> 77 Kr Trr 'frf [\ -rrfl TTr \ Tr Tf 
 <7r ifT \ Trr 77 'frf \ Trr TT-frf \ zj) rt Trr '('frf \ 
 -K Tff 77 r< - Tr r<7 77 r <- \ Trr <Tr "frf Tr uj Trr 
 -frf\ <K Tr Trr \ t^TT T<f 77-177 <7 \ -f (IT 77 -F 
 77 77 \ Tr jjfiWfrrf 'frf 77j r<'[\. TTr iffj’Tf 'frf f"f 
 
INSCRIPTIONS OF PERSE POL/S 
 
 49 
 
 7r Trr \/M Tr TrrflKSf 3# <rr f"fe \ <K Fr Trr 
 
 * 77 ] !<r m rr 3 \ ^ <rr- ?r 7 r 3 \ 
 
 Dar. Pers. e. 
 
 1 2) Trr Tr Tr7 \ 7 r TTr rf Tfe <rr 7< \ «77 7< Trr rf 
 
 r<r rFK- \ -fe h *, s* r* \ «rr t rrr k- r<r 77rf \ 
 
 «rr << Trr K- FT 7F rf rrr T r7r ^ Tr7 \ «77 K Trr r<r Kf Tr 
 rf \ rr <K rf <rr -< r7r Tr7 \ Tr7 rf 77 ^ <7 Trr Trf T t> 
 T< <Fr T 77? Tr7 \ fr 77 << ^rf Trr ^ rr f< rf rrr \ 
 
 ^ r <Fr Tr \ <K «rr Trr Tr7 K 77 f 7F rf a 
 i. f<f Trr Tr7 TF rf \ Tr rFr T & rf ^ 7r7 <7 \ «[T << rrr rf 
 Kf 77 rf \ T:^ f K rrr \ Trr <77 Tr7 ^ AT rr rrr <K rrr 
 \ TTirf T7r\ Tr « rf 77? IT \ Tr7 rf rrr \ rrr rr Tr7 
 \ TrTr^fT 77 rf \ «7r Trr A Trr K rrr \ rr Trr Tf fT 
 77? \ f- Trr ^ Tf 77? \ Tr7 rf Trr \ <K 7f Trr Trr \ TTr 
 -Trr Tf f \ 'TrT K TTr \ ^ f Trr T- 77Tr7 \ Trr T tT 
 \ <7 Tt T< \ TrT Trr Tr \ T Trr T F7f< <7r /? F< A 
 Trr Tf T Trr rf®7rr f<r <7 tT TFr \ <Tr Tr Tf Trr rf 
 iy'M&\ Tfrzf \<F 77 K \ T *frf Tr frT <rr T \ \t fr Tf 
 Tr \ r<- i3) <Tr KTFr \ TTrflWrf \ <7 << A <K rf 
 Trr \* <Tr ?frf TTr \ - fr! rf /$> rrrf \ Tr T\ rf <K rf Trr 
 \ <7 TrT Tr \ Tr <K rf 7r T^ \ Trf rf 7r \ Tr 
 Tf ( ^<Tr(T^)7Tr<-\ Trr \^<\\-Tf TT \ ? r 
 \ H ^r ^ f \ <K ^r r FT t \ T TTr «T TrT ^r 77 f \ 
 Tt <7 <Tr[<T^rr \ (Tr^fT y Trr Tf AT rf 77 r<EA F<F 
 -Tr <f" <7 << \ f< Tf <Tr Tt TT 77 f \ <K 77 
 fT <r? T< \ <\T Tr Trr Tf \ fz f 7r \ Tr? f \ 
 r<r 7r -7777 rf \ Tr rrr ^7 f T^ <F7 \ f 77 
 
50 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF PERSE ROUS 
 
 Z< Trr r<- Kf 77 r<r \ r<7 ^(7 77 r<r ^ \ Fr "te Kf Fr \ 
 FrM 77 rtm « r<r \ <K FFr \ Trr K 77 r<r ^ K Fr \ 
 Frf f \ [or\]^Orf \ ttff ff \ ^ wr Frr^ 17 r\ k Fr 
 rFFF \ tt TFr Fff 77 ^ Kr \ r<" FK 77 rf \ [-Tfr F[ 
 
 \ T 7 TTr \ F? Fr Orf’MTTr <K FrI 77 r<r \ <K r<cr7r 
 \ ^j} <^f <rr F^ 77FfFrfJ Frf \ F 77 rT Fr Frf 77<< \ 
 
 TTr «f f F Frf Fr \ <K <Tr F^ rr 77 ^ rF \ Fr <7r Ff Fr 
 \ K 77 Ff fFFr Frf 77 r<7 \ Fr F 77 r<c \ 77Frf Fr Frf 
 \frl 7/FFrf 
 
 Xerx. Pers. a. | aa, ab, ae, ad J 
 
 ip 0 FF \ -fc K F \ Fr <r7 TFFF H rr Fr \ 
 <K r<" \ 77Frr Fr Frf \ F <F K s= 77Frf \ Fr ^ Fr Fr \ 
 « r<7 \ Fr F£ Frf \ Fr feFrf Fr K Frf \ Fr F Fr \ 
 <K r<r \ Frf ^f Frf 77 r<r Frf \ ^ Fr Fr Fr \ TF Kr \ 
 F< 77 r<7 Fr Frf 77 Frf \ Fr F Fr \ Frf Frf 77 rF<K 
 
 Kr Fr \ <K Kr ^ \ <Ff F rFFr F F Fr Frf \ «ff F 
 Fr K- f<f 77 r<- Frf \ Fr <F <Tr F <F F \ Fr 77 F^ Frf 
 \ ^ F F< <7r K Fr Frf \ «ff F Fr rF Kf 77 rF Frf 
 \Fr77F^Frf \ ^ F<, <F F Fr Frf \ f«^FFrf i; 
 Fr Frf Fr Frf \ 
 
 JZ Trr 77 Frf \ «ff% r<r Fr Ff F Fr \ «ff F Fr r<r 
 fF 77 r<" \ F^ 7F ^f \ p «ff F Fr rf Kf 77 K- \ «ff 
 F Fr K- Kf 7 7rF Fr F Fr Frf \ (Of F rrr r<r Kf 77 r<- \ 
 
 F <F r<r ^ <rr F Fr Frf \ ^ F\ <rr F? \ M K Fr F 
 Fr Frf \ <Ff F Fr r<FF77rF \ Fr <F r<7 Fr r<" ^ Fr 
 \ F <F fF77 K"F \ F^ K rF F Fr Kr Fr \ <-T (F Ff 
 77 F \ Fr F 77 Kr \ F Fr Ff F F^ < P < <F F \ 
 
INSCRIPTIONS OF PERSE POL IS 
 
 51 
 
 «ff << rr r K- Kf TF K- « r<" rrr p 7 ? <7r Tr \ Hrrr^/fff 
 TTr PrF K Tr << ^ TF r<" \ 
 
 5. f<r 77? -ArT TF rP \ «ff ^ rP rrr Tf T< Trr \ «ff ^ Trr rP 
 RfTF rP \ "Ft << K Trr \ Trr <Tr THrf P"f Tr Trr <K Trr 
 \ Tr-frr -rrr \ <ti <rr -&= r<r ?r-rrr \ * tf 7 ? <k 
 
 rP <Fr "TF i 3 )\ Trr Tr -FrF \ Trr <F <rr K "f^ "(TF \ "(^ F^ 
 r T rP \ Trr^WrtZfr TrT K- \ K rF «7 "Tr \ y\-T f - frf 
 -fr f\ Trr^Wf \ t 1 TTr tF TTr \ «=Frf rP \ Trr Tr "Tr 
 \ rrr <7 <rT"< IP "FrF \ is> <Tr "FrFPrF rF rP \ -frf K" \ 
 
 W 7 F P FrF rrr \ rTr <F (Tr K <rr F< \ "FrF rp ^ "FrF 7 F rP 
 \ f- /yTf "Frf "Frf \ "F^rF < <rF rF K"\ < rF < "FrF \ Trr 
 "Ft \ fr Tr F^ -frf \ "F^ <T -< rfr \ TTr ^<rr ^F"FrF H Tr 
 rrr <K rrr \ 7Fr <f<rr -frf TTr \ 
 
 # F<F rrr "FrF TFrP \ «FF <X rp rrr Tf <X rrr \ «rF << rrr rP 
 Kf 7 F rP \ -frf Trr - FrF \ rrr <Fr Tf "frf F"F rr Trr \ Tr rrr FrF" 
 <rT "Tt \ < rr "frf "FrF TF /? K" \ «ff<T Tr -frf \ <Tr -frf 
 TTr \ "frf rp \ "FrF "< Trr \ f-Tf^Frf "FrF \ <Fr "Frf Trr \ 
 p frf rP "FrF 7F ^ rP\ 7? 7F 77 \ f- Tf -frf -frf \ Trr "Ft 
 7< TP 7F K" \ rrr <Fr ^f "frf F""F rr Trr \ rrr frf-<TriT 
 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 
 
 / e^FPF" \ "F^ f-"f ^F f- \ Trr <rr *^r -FrF F""F Tr TTr 
 <"< rp \ 7 r -frf Trr -frf \ -f <Fr F<f TF"FrF V 
 ^ Trr Tr Trr \ « rp \ Trr "Ft "FrF \ TTr fc-frf7ff 
 y -i - frf \ Trr Tr Trr \ <K rP \ -frf Tf -FrF Tr r<" 
 
 4 ^ -frf\ Trr Tr Trr \ <K Kr \ T< TF K" Trr -FrF TF 
 y -frf \ Trr Tr Trr \ -frf Tf -frf TF K" <K r<" rrr \ 
 <K K" \ «FF^< K"7rr ^F T Trr -FrF \ «FF T< TTr 
 
52 
 
 /NSCR/P T/ONS OF PERSEPOL/S 
 
 y rf Kf 7Tr<- TT \ rrr </ <rr T <7r << \ Fr IF 
 p -te -frf \ Tr -« <Tr T Trr -rrr \ «ff T< rrr K- fit 
 /# IF K- -rrr \ Trr 77 -fc -rrr \ Fr T< <Tr K Trr -frf 
 i$\ r« 'T -rrr Trr TT Trr :TTrr \ X. Trr FTT \ (iff 
 iy F K- rrr ^r F Trr \ «rr F Trr K- Kf Tr r<- 
 
 /i/ \ -h h 77 r^ \ «rr 3 rrr k- r<r ffc- \ «rr ^ 
 
 /£/ Trr K- r<r TT K- FrK rrr Tr/ \ «ff << nr K- fif 
 /i) rr K- \ fr « rf < 7 TK rrr TT \ 77 -« <rr T- TT 
 ^ K rrr K rTr TT \ iiffTmK- f<f Tr r<- \ 
 ip Trr <K Tr” r<- rrr K- rTr \ T <rr /<*= Tr" K- rTr \ T£ 
 H^ff-Tr r<-TTr \ <-f <fr TfTF r<r\ Trr 
 ip 77 TT r<- \ Tr Tr Tf K- "fT <K <rr F \ «[[ <X 
 2oj Tr Kr Kf TT r<- <K K- rrr \ 7? <Fr Tr \ <K «ff 
 .ajj rrr TTK TT F TT r<- \ 5 . Kf rrr TT rrFr \ «Ff 
 F K- Fr ^f F F r \ «ff F Trr r<- Kf TT r<- \ T- 
 Aj) K^rr- \ TT Kr \ TTK Trr \ f-- Tf --frf -frf 
 \ TT Tr Tr \ <rr TT Fr \ TT K- ^Tr T rf r<- ^ 
 
 ^ Trr 77 -frf -frf \ f- T TT TT \ Fr T7 \ T 
 jp TF -frf \ FT Tr \ Tr <Tr "T TT TT Tr rrr 
 it) <K \ Fr <f <rr K T- " frf \ -frf Trr -frf \ TriFr-f 
 ^ -Trf TT rr Tr \ F Fr rrT <Tr -fe \ <K Tr Fr \ T 
 zp iff" Fr-fTTi \ <rr -frf Tr -frf TFri' \ <Kff<< Tr 
 30 ) -frf \ <Tr Trf Fr \ -frf r<- -frf rr r<- \ f- ^fTTTT 
 
 Xerx. Pers. ca, cb. 
 
 / ^ in T <ff " \ -T- H ^ f f- \ TriFr zf -frf M Tr Trr \ 
 <K r<- \ [2] T -frf m -frf \ -fin K-T-frf \ xj Trr T Tr\ 
 <K r<- [3] \ Tr -fc - frf \ Tr f'r- - frf Tr -< Tr/ \ Fr Tr Fr\ 
 
JA'SCR/P T/OA’S OF PERSEPOL1S 
 
 S3 
 
 <-< r<" w \ -frf -frf IF $ K- -frf \ Trr 7? Trr \ <K r<- 
 << 7F r<r [s] Trr - frf TF-Pf \ Trr Tr Trr \ -frf Tf-pf TF r<- 
 <K r<- Trr ^ \ j>j <K r<r \ «ffT r<- Trr T7 F( Trr -ftf \ 
 
 K K -frf \ Trr <f <7r pj K <Fr << \ Trr 7F-fT ^TrF \ Tr 
 5 r K< <Fr K Trr -frf \ -< K pj -frf \ Trr 7f-f? -frf \ Tr 
 K< <rr -< Trr - frf \ f« -f -frf [?j Trr pfrf Trr -r -frf \ 
 
 £. rrr Tr -frf \ «ff T< r<- Trr Tf T< Trr pj \ KK\ -Ft 
 p-fTf f- \ -< r< \ -<f< Trr K rrr -frf \ -< K po \jTr 
 <?< r<- <Fr P < Trr -frf \ t -« <rr -fe \ f— f -< Trr [ 11 ] -< rrr 
 -frf \ *=< f< \ Trr <X K- Trr r<- 77r \ -f ^ <7r f<- TF r/^7 rF- 
 Trr \ -f- P-f Tf f- Trr r<- TFr \ (T{ < rr Tr TF r<- \ Trr f/fl 
 7 ? TF r<-\ Tr nr Tf r<- -Ft <-< <Fr 7< \ -< f< <-< K- 
 [is] Trr \ ? r <Tr Tr \ <-< «ff Trr -frf r < Tr << TF r<- \ 
 
 3 FCf i>j Trr *=frf rF r<- \ «ff T< r<-7rr Tf« TFr \ Kf< 
 \ -fT KTf pi] T \ -fT TK Trr \ TFr <rf ^f <K K- \ -frf 
 p-f Tr Trr <-< p*j\ rF -frf \ <K -ffTFF< \ Tf Trr Tf r<- 
 -fe <rr <T \ -< K f/fj \ Trr <f <rr K <rr 7< \ <K r<- \ -frf -< 
 Trr \ Tr TF -Frfpoj Trr \ -frf Trr - frf \ Trr <Tr Tf -frf P-f Tr 
 Trr \ 7 ? Trr frf" <7r pa -fr \ <-< 7r Trr \ -f <ff” ^ rFT rT 
 TF \ <Fr -frf Trr \ -T rfp*] K- -frf rF r<- \ f- Tf -frf "frf \ 
 
 <Fr -frf Trr \ -frf r<- -frf TF ps] r<- \ /jy rr TF Tf \ Tr Trr Tf K- 
 -fT <-< <Fr ^ \ -< K « r<- [n] Trr \ f- Tf -frf -frf \ rrr -fr 
 T< TF- TF r<- tsj \ Trr <Fr Tf-frf f-f p^j 7r rrr \ ^ Trr frf- 
 <Fr -fT \ <K Tr rrr \ -f <ff- rr -f TF T< 
 
 Xerx. Pers. da, db. 
 
 Z^f/J =r<r\ -fEHsr^ \ 7rr<Fr^^lMTr7rr & 
 
 \ « K- \ 7 r 41 'frf m ill \ pf <f? Rp f7'7' \ ;jj Trr Tr nr 
 
54 
 
 /XSCft /PT/ONS OF PERSEPOUS 
 
 \ f < rf \ Trr T^ Trf ^ \ TTr frf Trr [vj K Frf \ Trr Tr 
 Trr \ <K rf \ Tr f^f-frf rf rt&p] -frf \ rrr Tr Trr \ f< 
 rf\ << ?r r<" TrFrf TT/jg Frf \ Trr Tr Trr \ Frf^f^Frf 
 7F rf f< rf Trr \ [?] <K rf \ <ff T rf rrr Tr rrr frf \ 
 •<Ff << Trr jv/ rf f<f 77 rf frf \ Trr <f <7r -< <Fr T \ Tr TF 
 f?j F£ Frf \ T? F < _? <rr F rrr Frf \ «U << Trr rf K\qq7Y 
 rf frf \ rrr FFf£ Frf \ t> f< <Fr & K rrr Frf p/j \ f« Tf 
 FT Trr frf rrr Tf Frf \ 
 
 TL. Trr Tr -frf \ «ff paj << rf rrr Tf F< Trr \ «ff << Trr 
 r f f<f 7 Tr<r psj \ F* M Tf f \ «ff Z< Trr r< r Kf T Frf 
 \ io) «ff Z< M Trr rf Kf rf rf Tr -< Trr Frf \ «ff Z< Trr 
 rf r<r [is] Tr rf \ Tr f< rf <Fr K Trr Frf \ Tr <rr 
 F^ FT f/«j F Trr F Trr Trf \ «ff T Trr rf Kf 7f rf \ 
 [ 17 ] Trr(-< 7 f rf Trr rf rrr \ F <Tr ff T f rf Trr \ Tt pa] 
 
 M ^f F Trr rf Trr ^ \ CF <Tr 7f TF rf \ Trr [/?] Tr 77 
 rf \ Tr Trr ^f rf F? <F <Fr T \ «U T ^ poj Trr rf 
 Kf 7 r rf <F rf rrr \ Tr <rr 7> \ f< «ff p/j Trr -frf F Tr 
 <7 TF rf \ 
 
 3. t$) Kf Trr -7177 rf \ «ff pwj << rf rrr^f T Trr \ «f7 
 << rrr rf Kf 77 rf \ pn -fc it) M -f f \ F^T F Trr \ 
 Trr <Tr ;F Frf FT Tr Trr <F \ TF frf \ <F ^Ff it) 77 T< 
 
 \ Trr Tr Trf \ psj Trr <f <rr f T^ TT \ Trf Tr TT \ Tr 
 <Tr Trf FT ptj Tr Tr \ T> Tr frF <rr TF \ f< Tr Tr 
 \ T (\T7Tpi] TTTT \ <T Trf Trf /p77r<r\ «ffT 
 7? '■frf \ pa <7r Trf Tr \ -frf rf Trf TF rf \ f Tf Trf Trf 
 
 Xerx. Pers. ea, eb. 
 
 ^ pj «ff T rf Tr Ff T Tr \ «ff T Trr rf f<f 7T rf \ T^ 
 
iKSCK/rrroNs of persepous 
 
 55 , 
 
 h ti $ K \ « rr 7 Trr rf r< r r r rf \ « f r 7 Tr rf 
 
 Kf rrff rrr ^ gj T Tr Trf \ v Trr t! rf T? <K <Fr 7 \ 
 «ff 7 Trr rf f<f $ ?r rf M <7 rf 7rr \ Tr <7 f r \ <K 
 «ff Trr Trf < 7F7 7r rf 
 
 Art. Pers. a [aa, ac, ad |, b. ' 
 
 / ^ f/j T <ff\ 7- hf -f T \ Trr <7 ^f Trf hr 7 pj rrr \ 
 <K rf \ ^ IFirFFrr Trf \ T<7 Trf 7r Trf pj \ Trr 7r 7r \ 
 f< rf \ Tffj Tt Trf \ Iff It Trr 7rr K pg rrr Trr \ 7r 7r rrr 
 \ « rf \ Trf sf T7 ?F y rf Trf \ pj TrrTr Trr \ « rf \ 7 
 Trr rf Trr 7r Trr \ Trpj 7r Tr \ Trf t[ Trr ^ 7r f< rf Trr \ 
 <K rf \ Trf rrr [; j Trf\ Tr Tfirf«ff 7 Tr Tr \ «lf 7 7r 
 rf £J r<r rFpj rf \ 7r <[ <rr f <Fr 7 \ 7r Tr TT Trf \ Tr T< 
 <7r Tt [? j T Trr Trf «ff 7 Trr rf f<[ rrT rf Trf \ Tr TFT^ [ /t j 
 TT\ tTUTT^T Trfrf ^ \ KCTTrfTrf Tr Tfirf\ 
 £. [a] r<f Trr TTrF rf \ Trr TMrf «ff 7 7 Trr \ «ff 7r^ 
 m rf f<f rr" rf \ Tt TT Tf T \ «ff 7 Tr rf f/sj f<f rr" rf ^ 
 \ «ff 7 Tr rf Kf rPrf T Tr irf \ [if] «ff 7 Tr rf Kf IF r<r 
 X 0<\ IF rf <7 K Tr Trf \ [is] «ff 7 Tff rf Kf rr rf \ TrrfT 
 rf Tr rf Tr \ p6j<<Y rf Tr \ Tr Tr /jj Trf \ Tr Tf Trf «ff 7 
 fr Trr \ «ff f/?j 7 Trr rf ^ Kf 7r" rf \ Tr <Fr Tr \ Trr Tf Trf 
 «ff 7 Tr Trr \ pn Tr Trr zf rf T 7 < Pr 7 \ «ff 7 Trr rf Kf 
 T F rf \ f/ 7 j t <Pr Tr \ Tr Tr -f rf T7 <7 7 \ Trr isj tI Trf 
 ■fff 7 fjoj T Tr \ «ff 7 Tr rf Kf rf rf \ Tr <7 Tr \ Tr 
 ir!puj«ff 7 /i> tp Tr \ «ff 7 rf Tr^f 7 Trr \ «ff 
 7 Trr rf Kf 7 P rf \ t <Tr T \ «ff ^ 7 rf Tr £f 7 
 Trr \ Tr7rrTfp 3 ] r f T^<T7 K«ff7Tr rf Kf ^ 77 
 rf \ Tr <T Tr \ Pfj T Tr 7f rf Tt<T 7 \fr 7 Trf 
 
56 
 
 INSCKIPTIONS OF A’AffS- / • RUSTAM 
 
 rrr F& fr & « rTpsj Trr \ i Tr irf \ 7 ? <7r Tr \ i 7 
 irf Trr f- Tr ip<>] Y7r \ ^ rrr << 7rr r frr \ -< Trr 
 "W \ Tr <fr Tr \ <K pjj «rr rrr "frf iFF7 FF jj) r<r\ 
 
 5 f<! Trr irfF Fr<"\ Trr p*j Tfirf«ff 7s Tr Trr \ «ff 7 
 Trr r<"f<f FF nj r<c \ Tr "frf "frf \ <Tr It ii 7 K Tr? 
 "frf \ rrr Kf <!T[ 3 oj K Trr "frf \ "frf rrr ^ "frf \ <rr Tr Trr \ 
 irf Trr irf \ [31] 7 T\ irf Trr \ 
 
 7 KF Trr irf rf r<" \ TTr ^Mrf ^«f[ <x 77 pa] Trr \ «f[ 7 Tr 
 K- f<r TrT K" \ irf Tr irf \ rrr <rr -fpjj "frf f""f Tr rrr \ ^ 
 <rr "frf rrr \ Kf Kf Tf \ i <ff" \ Tr Tr ptl fr7<Fr iT \ 
 <7 irf Trr \ FT irf Tr ^ irf \ HU r<Krr irf psj \ <T 'irf 
 Trr \ irf i \ irf Tr irf \ 7 Tf irf Tr \ 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF NAKS- 1 - RUSTAM 
 
 Dar. NR. a. 
 
 1. j HU \ iT M Tf 7 \ Tr<Tr Tf irf H Tr Trr \ <K Tr \ 
 IF irf y Tr irf \ i <Tr K F FF irf \ Trr Tr Trr \ <K K"\ Trr 
 iT irf\ Tr irf sjTrri irf \ Trr Tr Trr \ <-< Krlirf 
 Tf irf Tr r<" irf \ Trr Tr Trr \ <i yrT\<< FF Tr Trr irf 
 Tr irf \ Trr Tr Tr \ r frf ^f irf FF r<"<K r <r Trr \ s) <K 
 Tr \ Tr Trr ^fr<" iz <Fr irf \ «ff 7 Trr Tr Kf Tr r& irf 
 \ Trr <f i)<Fr i<Fr 7 \ Tr FF irr irf \ Tr i< <T i 7 = 
 i Trr irf \ «ff<< Tr r<" f< f ^ FF ?<r irf \ Trr Tr i^ irf 
 \ Tr i< <7r iz i Trr " frf \ f« 'Tf irf Tr irfrrr^firf\ 
 FI. Trr Tr - frf \ Tr Frr^fr<- i^<Fr T< \ «ff 7 Tr r<" Kf 
 Tr r<" \ r f^ pKi^f 7 \ «ff7 Trr K" Kf FF r<r \ «ff 
 7 Trr r<" Kf FF r<- rrr -< Trr irf # \ «ff 7 Tr K"f<f IF K"\ 
 
f.VSCA'/PT/OXS OF X,HrF /.XVST.4M 
 
 57 
 
 Tr<-< rKrr K rrr r Yrr \ fr 7 rfc m M Krrr ^ K Trr Trr 
 \ «ff T< Trr r<" Kf 7f r<r \ Trr <K r<r Trr r<r 7fr \ - r< Tr F<T 
 ?r> r<T Trr \ T^ TT ’T T- Trr K-Trr \ <TT<Tr Tr rrr 
 rr 7r rtr\fr rr << -frf Trr ^ Tr <K rr Trr \ tt <Tr 
 Tr \ <K «ff7rr-frf -< Tr 7< Tf rr \ Tr Trr \ ^ 
 
 /$» Trr <K r<" Trr \ rr <Tr Tr \ Trr Tr rr \ Trr 
 Tr K" \ Tr Tr it) Tr \ 
 
 d f<r Trr TT7F r<r \ Tr rrr Trt T- <Tr << \ «fF T rrr K" ^ 
 r<nr«-\ T^KTi rr \ m<rfzf1rfHTr rrr <K rrr \ TTTr/ 
 prr <j /ji Tr <K T Trr \ P FT Kr rrr \ rrr Tr Trf \ Trr <rr 
 Tr T Trr K- [Tf \] ^ Trr r -frf Trf \ « rr TTr \ 77 Tr 
 r^ Trr \ TrrTrTrf^ TTrfTf \] y rr Tr/Tr KTTF T K- 
 77 K- \ Trr KTrr \ T rrrrT rrTT \ rrr T [^r^rrTif 
 K- 5 rrr TT \ <K TrTrr TT \ TTr Kf « rr \ Trr T^ \[TrJ 
 4 i)<r <rr K T^ \ Tr Trr Trr TT \ TrFrr\ TTK T rr \ Trr 
 -fc £fT rr/^ \] ^ Trr Tr Trr rf K- \ Trr rrr Tr \ <Tr ifc 
 
 T< \ t ^F KrT? \ <K zf[?r]jj) TT \ T rrr «rrTrr^r rr 
 T \ r^<rr <^<Tr Tr \ <rr Tfe Trr :T f-T [P(T]^7F7<\ 
 MtFT-\ <KTf <rr.TT TrfTr 7< \ Kf-frf<^<7r T< 
 \ <rr jjy Tr Trr ^r \ <K rr <T <7r T \ F- Trr \ <K <ri 
 T/fT^ T</TTrr \ r^ ^ TTr \ Trf rr<FF":T «rr <Tr Tr rrr 
 \ T rrr T rr T<<Tr/^ \ TrrJ^Kf <Tr ^F Trr \ rrr ^r T Trr 
 fT \ K-<rr Tr ^r Trr r<T Trr \ Trr tT K-[?F" Kj ^ \ T Trf 
 rr TrT<Tr T- \ ?r Tr \ K-<Tr K \ F? f- rrr \ TrrK- 
 ?r f r<" X -rrfl ^ ^r Tr ^F r<7 \ <F <Tr Tr \ K- <Tr K 
 Trr \ -FT T -r ^fTrr \ rr <Tr Trffrr]r<^ ^ Trr \ <F <Tr 
 T< Tr K- Trr \ Trf Tr- Tr r<" Trr \ r- ^F r p Trr \ 
 f<r Trr -/TTr r<7 \ Tr 31 ; Trr r<" T£ <Tr T< \ «FF << 
 
5S 
 
 rs'scRrpriONs of navS-i- rustam" 
 
 Trr rf Kl hr K” \ 7rr< Tr ^rirr H rr Trr[\ r<r ] Kl 32 ) TTr X 
 Trr ^ 77 -< \ 77 777 TTr ^rf \ -r<7r f<^ hr Trl \ r<c 
 5 ^ Tr 77r ^fr 77-frr\ -frfK Trr \ 
 l«7 rrr T 7 \ -hi Til Trl[x «fl TiTr^spTKl 77 r<-_ 
 Til\ 7rr<l <Tr 7<7r7\ Trr rr "f/A «rr 7< 7rr[r<7 Klj 
 rr r<r 332 \ Trr IT hr rf\ -If Z< T Trr \ Trr <Tr 'flTrl \T 
 7 Trr <K [Trr \] Trr ^ 7r -Trr T< rr Trl \ <IT Trr 17 Tf Trr 
 \ K Tr r<- ^ Trr Tr r<r Trl [X -ITT] 7 Trr jj irl \ Trr Tr 
 Trl \ Trr Kf <7 Trl \ Trr Tf \ Trr<l <fr K Tf \ K{Kl 
 Trr \]TrlTrTrf\ 3 pKTrTrl\ Tr<T \ K-f!l hr Tr 
 £11 [ ?f}<- \ -Irl 7 hr r<r rrr[<K ] 33 ) Tr \ Tr TT TKflTiX 
 SS%Z$ WjTf Tr \ Tr <K Tr Tr Tf \ Trl r<r77r \ 
 
 Tr Tr fl Tr [Tf] TTr 7 \ Kill TTr K-[f<S hT r<7 y)\7r 
 Tr Tr 7 r<r \ Tr Trl hr K7Tr\7l Tr 71 rTr<- \ Trl 7 
 hf[r{j\ <IT w Tr Kl <Tr Trl \ *=l fl Trl hr r<r 
 \ TrfT^Tr Tr \ Til 7 7 TTr If Trr <7 K-\^TrTr 
 Trl hr r<- \ Tr IT hr Trr \T Tf Trr [Trl] Tr<-\ TrTr7 [if] 
 <K [r<r frr\]%> Trl 7 Trl hr r<-<7 K- Trr \ <7 <rr flhhrT 
 \ Trr 7 TTr f [hr] 7 \ rr ^jTTrTTTT Trl Tn\TrTr 
 Trl hr K” \ Trr M Tr Tr \ T Tf Trr Trl hr r<- \ t 
 
 Tr7Jf \ Trl 7 Trl hr 7 \ <7 <7 7 rt 71 Tri{\ <7 
 hr] Trr \ frTr*p7 IfTr \ t flTrl 7 Trl \rxTrlhh 
 K-TK Trl Trr \ 
 
 S Kl Tr Trl hr r<r \ Tr Trr 7-1 7 Tf<Tr 7\ « If TTr 
 K - KlhrrTK Trr hr- Irl \ P lrl[K - \] T7 Trl w)Trl \ 
 Tr Tf \ Tr 77 It Trl \ Tf 7 TTr \ h hr {Tr flTrl 
 l-l T\ Trr 7 Tr \ Trr <1 sy <rr 7 Tf Trl \ Trl <7r 7 
 Trl H Tr hrr(Trf)7F r<r \ <rr 77 If Trl rrr Trl \ rrr T 
 
inscriptions of naicS-i-rustam 
 
 59 
 
 sjj^W r<r rrr Trf 7rr \ f- ^ f Trf Trf \ Trr < F <Fr 
 -frf \ Trf Trr] "frf \ Trr si)T\r7\ Trf M 7r Trr \ ’Tr Trr 
 f rf r <Tr -fc \ <"< Tr Trr \ <[f r [fE Trf7rrj\<7r Trf rrr ^Trf 
 7Fr<-\ fr Jr KfTrf \ <rr -Trf Trr \lr Trf Trr Trf \ Tr 
 <K K- Trr <7r \ rrr 7Wrf \TrrTr sp Trf \ Trr <7r 
 
 ^f Trf f r T Tr Trr Trf \ T< T\f rr r<r Trr f<r Jr r<r \ Tr 
 If Trf Trf ns) Jr r<r \ Trr <Fr ^fTrf M Tr Tr \ Tr Tr 
 Trr frTKFr Tt= \ 
 
 (o. 54 Trf zf Trf Tr rT Trr \ « r<r Trr \ Tr<T ^ fTrf 
 M Tr Trr <K sj Trr \ T« T\ Trf Trr K Trr \ <-< <rr TZ 
 Trf Jr r<r \ KIT sp Trf Trr \ Trf Tr \ Kf Tr r<r 
 \ 77 fif JfTrf \ sj) Trf. r<r Trr Tr f \ Trr fz " frf Tr 
 
 Trf \ Trf Trr cp \ Tr T^Tf Tr n Trf Trr \ f^Trf 
 
 r-Tr^ 
 
 'trr I A 
 
 Dar. NR. b. 
 
 i. $ T <fT \ Tt= VT ^f T \ Trr< Tr tT Trf f r T Tr rrr \ 
 « K- \ Trr Tr Trr \ [JfTrf Trr Trf x ^T<rr] K|f Jr Trf \ 
 
 <K Tr \ rrr rr rrr \jTrffe ]f Trf [Jr ] rT T[rf \ <K Tc \] Trr 
 Tr Trr \ T Tr jj r<c Tr Trf Jr Trf \ ^frf T Trf JF r<r<K r<" 
 Trr \[<f< r<r \ Trr <f] <7r [Tj< Fr[^\ TrrT«FrT " frf 
 
 "frf \ Trr Tr T JF r<" [\ Tr Trr Tf rf] T^ <Tr[Tr[ Tj Tff 
 T<Trr s) r<rf<f J r r<r T rf[\ «/7 W Trr r<r Kf\ JF r<r Tf rj K [Trr 
 r frf\ J 
 
 jZ. f<f Trr TrfJJrT \ Tr[TrrTf TTt\ Trr T< \«ff[%JTrr 
 6) rt 1 Kr JF r<r \ Tz TTTrr \ Trr <Tr TfTrf VTTrfjrrTi 
 Trr\ <FrTrfTrr\ TrfT TrfJFT\] f" ^f[TrfTrf\ Trr 
 Trf Trr p Trf] JF K- \ TrfrT K- rr r<T\S 
 
60 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF NA¥$ - / - RUSTAM 
 
 $S7r<7r<Wr7r\ frrfcrr ) rWZffc rrrir^XTr 
 \ rr Trrf? f] r<r 77r K- 7 n r <"\^rr ^7 ^frfXm^Zfr^f 1 WrrtfvKK^ <K 
 IrMHm *frr rn r^^TrK rrr KT K-7fS ^SSgMIK^FJM! 
 rn K^Z^<[<Fr«rr^fr[ m K-X^Zn P 7r7 frrYfrfrfrfrf vfpf^rrrf 
 
 \mrf\ <n^l rTf^^/MJ^r-rrr 777 K ^r^/ r '-/rrv^ rr K w 
 
 KiGztaLn'fe Mrlir^Mr^nr^ FTKWffirWiWWif* 
 FrjjK{ffjK r \ <7r F 7r7r7r\ <r7« rT-f rrfp^rrr \<r7-7r7 mX^irtfrrt rFrr<- rrr \5 
 spZ r frftMfcJFrt[\ <Kl ^WriirfV^mfnf^lr K^’rffclrfrF P 7 
 7rF7r\<Fft[rFFrt\]Wr7r rFFFF <-mXZ^FmklFK^^ZTfr Wrrr<? 
 \<fF-Mm\fr [£-[rffr<<\<n[FrFrrr]^ rrrfcrfnrHZZnrfc'rFrF 
 rr l^frfM\<Fr[ f fr]nr\ rrr r^fT rr^K^Wi Krrr\ frr<rr?HrfF'f Fr IrrS 
 ty/w r F^- «K77r\ m<rr?[1r[Hrffir< ts < ^mX-MK-irfir 
 *\ l*mrWr!Wi^?Mitfrr Wr/Tfr/WA Tri<i 7 fWH' 
 77 rrr Zrf rf r<7 Tf/Z 3 j)S\- rrr\ 77 f7<X ^\rFSsJmAl^rr\ r< r Trr 
 ^ 7- f 7 -r r 7 XZsj)'Z< FFK^frfX -frfrFFrf FT F\Zl r <Ft<< WrrHFrZZ 
 
 Oar. NR. c. 
 
 j<rr <«*[«"' fe \ rr Wr-Frf 77<< <77 ^ 7 ff 777 << \ Tr Trr 
 T\ i) r<r ^<K<7r <T\«HF<7rn<c KfFF r<r<K r<c Trr ^P* ; 
 f 7 r^yfrfrF^r 
 
 Dar. NR. d. 
 
 / rrr 7 ft; Tr-<7rr \ i^Tr -7^7\ 77 77r^7 K-^<K <Fr 
 T< \ {{[(<< yTrr r<r7<777 r<c<K r<rrrr \FFfc^j<Fr Zz 
 FFr r ‘7r7\77 Trr f 7 r<r -FrF^Z 
 
 Inscriptions Above the National Types of the Empire 
 
 I 77 r<- "7r7\ t? rrr f77f 11.77 K^frfX [^frffrr Tr] 
 
/X SCRIP T / ON S OF SUSA 
 
 61 
 
 III. 
 
 7r r<r r frf \ <U r fr-K 
 
 IV. 
 
 'rrK-'Mx ?, er r<r-m 
 
 XV. 
 
 IT fc'\r\ \ te fcTrr \ -Of IF <ff'~^N<ff[<Tr7rT^j 
 
 XVI. 
 
 [?r r<Wrf \ f=f nfj^f?F^«7r^ 
 
 XVII. 
 
 ?r r<- r \\\ \ Tn Kl <7r^\TT r<r 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 If K rr \i\ \ r U\ rr ?r r<r7fr 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF SUSA 
 
 Dar. Sus. a. 
 
 # [fit rr -frf \ n Tfr ^f rf <n 7< \ K K \ ^ r 7 
 \KK\ K K Trr jj ^<K\7r <7 r<r<rr K rrr 
 •’■fr/’ \ fT 7F^frf rrr ?r <K r<r rrr \ tt <rr 7? \ <K 
 ^[«fT rrr ^frfKTr 7f r<r F Kf 7rrj7rfW r7 \7r Trr 
 
 _r>- yr, 77 » .-y r/ /~ ? 
 r\ I- vr <( \ l\ jy [ 
 
 Trr -fe \ Fr <f <rr * -fr -Irt \ =W K- \ ^7/mm/fm. 
 »»»»»( rf rrr \ K<tf Tr K-rrr 77 
 
 IT r<T 
 
 Dar. Sus. b. 
 
 rrr rr ^/rf x rr Trr ^ f r<r ^ 
 y<7r 77 \ «rr ^ rrr r<r T<f r r r<r X 
 
62 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF SUSA 
 
 5j -h Hzr T \ « rf'te Trr[rT 
 t) f(frr K- \ «U<<] Trr r& Kf IF 
 s,[rT7w 7 TrrTrf] \ «fT 7 Trr K- 
 ^[Rf Tr r<r] \ Tr <7 r<- <7 -< Trr 
 p[Trf\ «ff T< Tu\ r<c K\ rr r<r \ 
 ^[Trr<7 rT rrrj r<- Trr \ 
 
 ?)[r\ <7r r<- T7 K 7 J Trr \ Tr'T^Mnr 
 <7 r7] Trr \ 77 < 7r 7? \ 
 ^[<7 «rr Trr 7rf] 7 Tr 7 TT r<^ 
 
 Xerx. Sus. 
 
 ^ f<f nr - frf IF K" \ «7 7 rf Trr tT 7 Trr \ «[[ 7 Trr 
 rTK\n[rT\]T^T<*nr\ Trr <Tr[^I TT] FT 7r Trr 
 7$ iJylFTrf \ <K^rr 7rf7<\ T^nr^lrTT^TTr 
 7 \ «U 7 Tr rf r<r rr rf \ [Trr] <r <7r 7 <7r 7< \ <7 
 rf \ [77 7 TTr 7j rr Tr ^lrl[Trr\ 
 
 Art. Sus. a. 
 
 /jK\7rr-U\TrT\ Trr r!Trf«f!<< Tr nr \ 7 K \ 
 
 FT 7 7 \ 7 K \ 7 K rf nr 7 nr Tr! \ 7 [< \ << Jf 
 rf <7 7 Trr Tr [\ 7 f< \ T7 <7 rF nr Tr m \ < << rf 
 rrr \ T nr rf Tz <7 7 <7 rf Tr \ -< K <7 rf rrr 
 \ -W <7 7 \ 7r Trr tT rf <7 7 <7 rf Trr \ Trr 
 ^777 «r f 7 7r 7r <7 rf Trr \ 7 f<<7 rf 7r \ ? r <7 
 Tr \ Trr ^7/7 «7 7 Tr <7 r<T Trr \ <<7 7 Tr nr 7frT 
 <7 r<T rrr \ 7 K<7 Tr Trr \ t <7 Tr \ «ff 7 rT 7r t f 
 TT <7 r <r Trr \ Tr Tr Tf j; rf 7 t <7 7 <7 rf Tr \ 
 
 7 K <7 Tr Trr \ t <Tr Tr \ Tr Trr :7 Tr <7 7 <7 
 
/XSCR/PT/Oys OF Sl/SA 
 
 63 
 
 r<" Trr\7 f f 1F<< -f rf Trr fs v <K r<- Trr \ t> <7 Tr \ 
 <K «ff "frf Tr^ '< [rf]<< 7T r<7 \ 77 "frf " frf \ Trr Tr 
 77 Tr "< \ 7r Trr ^f K- "fc<7r << \ Trr Tr "< K- Tr 7 "frf\ 
 Trr <1 y <7r K 77 \ 77r -f K- ?r ^f f\ <rr] ?r Trr \ Trr 
 pfrr [«fr 7< Tr 7rr "Pf \ K K-Trr] 7 -pr 
 "fT << K Trr \ <K \ Trr ?<] <"< -frf [<r< K- Trr 
 \ <7r] -frf 7rr[\ Wf] [([ ^f [<K Kr Trr \ TFTrfTrf \ Trr Tr] 
 Tr 7rr[K \] TTTTT/////' f r \//TT/T//////y r r r//////T/T///T/f\J " - fF \ rrr 
 jy "< <"< -Pf \ <7r -frf [Trr \ f<-j f< f ^f [\ '■frf rrr "frf \ 
 ?r Trr TP" <Tr"f^\ <7 ^fr f rrr -frf rr r<- \ « ff F< Tr 
 -frf] 
 
 Art. Sus. b 
 
 Trr 7r -frf \ Trr ^ f -frf «ff <( Tr Trr \ -<K \ "p£ PT 
 ^f f- \ f< \ "< K r<- Trr "< 7r \Tf<\ 7r 7r £f 
 r<" 7- <7 << \ "< K <-< r<- Trr \ Tr (Tr Tr 
 
 Art. Sus. c. 
 
 '//////////////////////////'/////■//////•////■////,[ /„ / // n] Tr r r r, r 7 r yy 
 
 \\lij rrr in -\ rr \\ rr 
 
 [r<-\ Kf Trr -frf rr r<7 \ Tr ^f ^ frf «ff T( Tr Trr] \jj«ff << 
 Trr r<- f<f 77 r<- \ -f^ [PT ^f P \ «ff T< rrr r<r f<f Tr K- \ 
 «f^ ^ « Trr r<-f<f 77 r<" "< Trr "frf \ «ff T rrr rT [f<f?r r<- 
 \ 7r<K K-<Fr K] ^ Trr "frf \ «ff <7 rrr K- f<f 77 K- \ Trr <"< 
 7- rrr K- Tr \ [ p f (Tr f<- 77 K- 77 \Tr] sj "frf Tr -frf \ <"< 
 -ff 7TT< \ (Tr -frf Tr \ 77 "frf Trr "frf 
 77- "<Tr Trf \ "frf r<- \ Trr f<f <ff" 77 "< Tr -frf \ -frf 
 
 TKT^fTrf PTTr Trr 
 
to 
 
 JNSCF/PT/ONS OF SUEZ 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF SUEZ 
 
 <Tr [7<] 
 
 Sz. b. 
 
 ^ rf t< \ k r<\ ^ m r* 
 
 $ mm H r< rf <k Kd 
 
 vKKx TrrCK r<r TrrJ rf Trr \ 
 r r rf Trr \ r \£ K ^ r Trr] rf Trr \ 
 frf Tr <K rf Trr \] Tr K7r 
 
 
 nri m ir- • " nj 
 
 ^ iSn •$ <k «rr m [Tr. r k tf t< tf] rf 
 
 Sz. c. 
 
 t zj \?\<U r \] T? Htn* T Trr <rr ^IBTTMT Trr \ <K 
 rf \ Trr Tz Tf \ Trr TTTTBTr l \ Trr Tr Trr \ <K rf 
 \ TF Trr Trr frf \ T <7r # K- T FTT \ Trr Tr Trr \ « rf 
 [\ TT0\TT u K" Tf \ Trr Tr 100:, <Kjff \j«] TF rf rFr ^Frf 
 Tr frf \ Trr 7r Trr \ TT Tf Til TF rf f< rf j; Trr \ <K K"^\ 
 7r rrrTfrf Tt <rr frf \ K K rf ff \ Trr <! <Tr K<7r £ 
 
 \ <f rf TTT[Trj T Tr Tt f< <Tr T< \ K K rf « rf rrr 
 \ «ff T<T yT rf \ K< Tf Trr f ^ \ frf rf \ f^ 7T f- 
 Tf \ Tf rf \ [<7r fT fT ? ff \ <7] ff Tf rf 
 
 ff\ _ 
 
 rrr 7r Tf \ Tr Trr Tf rf f^<7r << K [\J f- 
 r— r^r f-\ K F<\ KK rf m ^(Trrff \KK\Tr « 
 f <rr K Trr Tf[\] ffpf^Wr *K\] 
 
 FTrTXK rf 7r rf yTrr \ T Trr ff rr rf rrr \ 7^77 Tf f rrr 
 rf Trr [\J <^f <7r Tf TF rf \ Trr Tr IrWWffi rf T< -frf 
 
INSCRIPTION OF KERMAN (Dar. Wtight , Wtissbath) 
 
 65 
 
 Tr \z[f r « Kr rrr \ rJilTr \ <K _^«fT Tr TrA -< 7 F 
 T 7F r<7 \ 
 
 j 7 r<r Trr Tr A 7F r<" \ Tr Trr M T^ <7r T \Kf<\ Trr 7r 
 [TrA \ T?] Trr -A \ Trr A<r TF [r<r \ T< rr) rrr \ Tr 
 Tr^.^lM£i\Trr \ ^<7 <7r 7r 7A Trr r<- TrA \ Trr <fT Tf T 
 Trr r<7 TrA \ Trr Tr ^TrA \ KTr [r<r ^]Trf Trr rT TrA \ 
 
 77 TrA Trr TrA [\ r<r <Fr Tr TF r<T 7n]j; TrA \ T -ArA rr” 
 r<r \ <K T^ Trr \ Tr FF ^A Trr T- \ K Trr TrA \ T f 
 <7r -Ar A \ -TrA rT \ tT < 7r Tr Tf Trr r<r rr r<r \ Tr «- 
 <rr[T^ TTTF r<r \ Trr -f] Tr r<7 \ Tr^A r<7 \ TrA 
 r<- \ <K T^ Trr \ Tr Trr A7 rrr \ Trr Tr TrA rr” r<r \ 
 Tr [f- rrr T 1 ^ \] TF rT -frA \ K- <Tr Tr TFrT Tr r ITTTrTT 
 “fcATrATCT T'r&jjT //; Trr T^pKA FT \ Trr Tr 
 
 ^TrA \ -< rF r<7 <7 — Ar A rrr r<r TrA \ <rr TrA f rrr \ T rrr T£ 
 \] Tr r<7 TrA Tr \ <K Tr Trr VfflMii) r<r 
 
 Trr \ ^ATSSA-ArA \ K- <rr rt TF rTTFr Trr \ \ p?T rr” 
 r<r \ 77 Tr^mm{\ rTTTTTjTrr \ KT<[Tr \ 
 TrA Tr [TrA \ T rrr TrA \ rrr <T] 
 
 INSCRIPTION OF KERMAN (Dar. Weight, Weissbach)' 
 
 jTrrTr r \r\\ Tr Tr r<- Tt <rr « \ «AA 
 ^ « Trr ' K- AT T.f r<r T A- \ « A A 
 
 « rrr r<r AT Fr r<r \ TAT T Tr r<7 K A 
 ^ TF rT Tr K Tr TrA \ «AA << Tr r<- A<A 
 ^ 7F r<- \ Tr <K K- < rr T Tr Tr A \ « A A << 
 Tr r<7 A<A TF r<- \ Tr <T K- Tr r<- Tr 
 ^ \ T <Fr A<- TF K" Tr \ Tr TF << -Ar A Ta 
 
66 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF EL VEND 
 
 $ V* 7f « rf Trr \ Tr <7r Tr \ f< «ff Tr 
 p Trf f Tr << 7 r rf 
 
 INSCRIPTIONS OF ELVEND 
 
 Dar. Elv. 
 
 / p*r<rr\ T^H^f r-\ Tr <7r tt kt Tr 77r 
 ^ \ <K rf \ TrWrf rrr TT \ -f<rr ff 77 TT \ 
 j> Trr Tr Trr \ f< rf \ Trr "If Trf \ Trr -/rfrTr 
 ^ K Trf \ Trr Tr Tr \ <K r<- \ Trf -frf r 7rf 
 sj "TT \ Trr 7r Trr \ f< rf \ T< Tr rf Tr Trfr7 
 6, Trf \ Tr T Tr \ Trf Trf TT rf f< rf Tr \ 
 j/ f< rf \ 7r Tr rf T^ <7r Trf \ «ff << Tr rf 
 y [<[ FF K'-'hJ \ Tr <f <T? K < rr << \7rr7FT£ 
 y Tr f \ Tr T< <Tr -< Trr Tr l \ « f f f Tr rf K f 
 mj FF rf Trf \ Trr 77 Tr f \ T f< <7r K Trr Trf 
 4>\ f«^TTrf Tr -Trf Tr TfTrf Trr Tr Trf\ 
 
 # Tr Tr Tf rf T^<rr T< \ «ff T Tr rf Kf 77 
 rf \ T- H f" \ «ff << Tr r<7 f<f T7 rf \ 
 z^/f ff << Tr rf Kr T7 r<7 Tr -< Tr Tr T \ «ff T 
 /£> Tr rf Kf 77 r<7 \ T f< rf <rr K Tr Trf \ Tr 
 /^T( <rr 7T K Tr K Tr Trf \ «ffKTFr rf Kf 
 /^/ 77 rf \ 7rrf< rf Tr rf Tr \ "f <T rf 77 r<7 
 Tr \ Tfe 7T ^f T Tr rf Tr \ <Tf <T rrTf 
 \ Tr T 77 rf \ Tr 77<< ’Trf Tr f T f < rf 
 ^ Tr v \ Tr <uTr \ <K «rr Tr Trf f 77 << 77 rf 
 
INSCRIPTIONS OF ELY END 
 
 67 
 
 Xerx. Elv. 
 
 i<Il r \ \ Tr<T -f Trf KT 7r rrr\ 
 
 ^ « <- V"frf K(nZ< i rf \ * f <fK Tr K Tfr T r f \ 
 jy <K r<" \ ?7Trf Trr "frf \ "f <7r r F^fr f \ Trr 7r 
 jy Trr \ <K r<r \ Trr "fc "frT \ Trr iff Tr KTrf \ 
 s) TrT Trr \ « rT \ - frf £f if f 77r<"Trf \m T 
 ^ rrr \ <K K- \ << 77 K"Tr -frf 77 "frf \ Trr 7r Tr 
 3 >\ "frf £f -fr F 77 r<r<K r<T Trr \ <K r<"\ «!T T 
 ^ K- rrr ^f T Tr Trf \ «ff T Tr K- Kf 77 K-TT \ 
 
 ^ Tr <f <T K <rr << \ Tr rfT^ "frf \ Tr K<<T K 
 Tr Trf \ «rr << Trr K-Kf 77 r<-"frf \ Tr77T^Trf 
 <T K Tr T 7 \ FK^fTrf Tr *frf u\^[ r Vf\ 
 ZL.uj Tr T Trf \ «Ff << K-Tr sf T Tr \ «ff 7 Tr 
 0 r<r F<r 7 7 r<- \ f""f T \ «ff T Tr r<- Kf r f 
 r<-\ «ff T Tr r<r Kf 77 r<" Tr K Tr "Kf \ «ff <K 
 /p Tr rT Kf 77K" \ 7?<K K" <TK Tr ■'frf \ Tr 77 
 <77 KT"< rrr *< rrr "frf \«ffTTr r<" Kf 77r<- \ 
 
 ^ Tr <"< 77 r<- Tr r<- Tr \ i <T Kp 77 r<" Tr \ "f^ 
 tp Vi f- Tr r<- Tr \ <^f <T Tf 77 r<r\Tr ?f 77 r<" 
 ijj \T\7ff rTT- <-< <7r << \ «f f T. Tr K" Kf 77 r<r 
 ^ <T TrTrr \ t <7r Tr T <K «ff Tr 'frf K 77 <<77r<r 
 
 INSCRIPTION OF VAN 
 
 i.Tji<\V\ -feH?n*\Wr<rrzHrr -MTr Tr\ 
 <"< r<r\ "frf Kf 77 ^ «Trf \ -f <ff" rrr "< Tr -frf \ <"< 
 r<r \ 77"frf Tr "frf \ "f<T K P j; 77"frf\ Tr T Tr N 
 T< r<-\ Tr "f^ Trf \ Tr f^ "Tr 7 Tr K Trf \ ^ Tr T 
 
68 
 
 / NS CHIP T / ON OF VAN 
 
 Trr \ <K rk \ Trf T TT 7 m r<r Trf \ Trr Tr Trr \ « r<- \ 
 
 $ << 77/ \k7uiiH\ii! \ Trr T TrA Trf t f Trf 77 r<r <K r<r 
 Trr \ % <K Kr \ «ff << r<- Trr -f T Tr Trf \ «ff << rrr rk Kf rr 
 rk if \ jj \ 7 Tr T <TK <r7 << \ TTr 777- Trf \ -7 < Tr A 
 
 Trr Trf \ <717 << Trr r<rf<f 77 rk Trf \ Trr 77 T^ Tf \ Tr 
 
 A<<rr A Tr Trf Vj? K< irf Tr - Tr f Tr Trf.\ 
 
 <£ Tr 77 Trf \ «ff << r<rm £[ << Tr \'/g> «[[<< Tr r<r Kf 77 
 r<r \ T^ KT ^ fT\ «ff << Trr r<- f<f 77r<r \ ^ «!!<< Tn 
 rk Kf 77 r<7 Tr T Tr Trf \ «ff << Tr r<r Kf 77 r<r \ 77 u/A 
 r<r<Tr A Tr Trf \ Tr AATr T^ \ KT A Tr A rrr Trf \ 
 «ff << ijj Tr r<- f<r 7rT r<r \ Trr <A A Trr rTTrr \ -f <T 
 K P 77r<"7rr \ T^«y HAT TTr r<T7rr\ <^f<Tr^f 77 
 r<T \ Tr rr 77 r<r \T Tr ,^f r<" ^ Tt <A <Tr << \ «ff << 
 Tr rk K r 77 r<r <A r<r Tr \ Tr <Tr Tr \ <A it) «ff Tr Trf 
 A 77 << 77 r<" \ 
 
 3. Kf Trr TT77r<7\ «ff<< rTTr Tf T Trr ^ \ «ff<< 
 Tr r<" Kf 77 r<r \ Tr Tr Tf r<r T t- <7r << \ «ff << Trr A 
 '/jy Kf 77 rk \ <A K- \ Trf A Tr \ t 77 -fr f Tr \ <K 
 <7r Tt v A- ")y << A Tr \ Tr <T ^fTrf KT Tr Trr 
 <A \ Tt fT 77 rT \ -frf r<r \ ^ A77T Trf \ Trr 
 <f <7r A <7r << \ <7r Trf Tr \ 77 Trf \ fT Trf ^ Tr 
 A Trf \ <A<7r T- \ A 77 r<r << Trf Tr r<"\ K Trf 
 A 77rT 22 ) \ r<""< 77 r<" \ ^ff 77 Tr 77"frf \ -< 77 r<- 
 \ -< 77 Tr 77 T< -frf ^ Tr "frf \ Tr <f <Tr -<<7r T \ T> 
 Tr \ Tr Tr Trf \ -< 77 jjy rT T< "frf Trr r<- "frf \ 
 77 "frf Trr "frf \ ^ff 77 t? 77"frf \ A 77 Tr ^ 77<< Trf 
 "< 77 rT \ [Trf Trr TT \ Tr <rr ’Tf "frf KT Tr Trr \ Tr] 
 Trr frT <7 rf 7^ \ <K Tr Trr \ <fT 77 -f Tr T \ 
 
ihscr/p noN or ham a dan 
 
 (A 
 
 <7r -frf Trr 7 rfTr ij) r<^ \ «ff 7< 7r 7r f \ TFr'TrfTrr \ 
 fW r<- 'ftf ?r K- \ fc ^r = Trr -rrf] 
 
 INSCRIPTION OF HAMADAN 
 
 Art Hara. 
 
 Trr TrfTF r<r \ Trr -frf «I7 <<Tr 7 r \ =7 K\ FT 
 ^77 \ KK \ [ P < K r<rrrr K rrr 77 \ KK^ ff r& <7r 
 p< Trr 77 \*<K\ % <K] v r f Trr r7 rrr \ < < < r<r Trr \ 
 7r ffr’Zfrflz <<<K r<cm \ Kf«K r<r7r[\ !><7rTr \ 
 
 7 rrr Kr7£ 7 <7 Hr Trr \ Trr^fTrf «f7 T( KfTf 
 ^ <7 r<r Trr \ -< f< <K 7 rrr \ F^KFr 7r \ Trr 77 «ff 
 77r<7TF7\ «rr[7< K r Trr 7< <K Hr Trr T 
 7 r< <7 r<T Trr \ TT < 7r Tr \ « 7 T< HrTrrTf) ^ 7 <K r<7 rrr 
 \ rr Frr 7 7 7-« <K KTrr \ 7 K<K r<7 TFr \ ?r <rr[7r X TrTr 
 ^FrTT^7<-< rfrrrT 7 777 TrfrT/^ F <H r7 rrr \ ?H7 
 Tr] ^ \ <K «[[ m " frf 7 TF T 77 K- \ TFTrf 77 \ Trr 7> 7r 
 Trr K \ 7^ Wz<Z[Vrr \ rrr\ rrr7 <K 7rf <K rrr 
 
 \ <Tr 77 Trr \ f<f 777 <K rf rrr 
 c;‘rrr77 \ f< \ rrr 7<7 77 \ <7r777rr V Kf7rf:7 
 
 \%ltWt[ r frf\ <Tr77Tr7rrTFr<- V<<fYF( Tr77\ <Tr^hf\ 
 jf7« \ TFTrf 77 \ 777 \ 7r 7<Tr 7 Trr \ 77 rrrrWSS. 
 
 INSCRIPTION OF MURGHAB 
 
 j)lfl7\7r[\ <f<rr7<<7r7 \ «7 << 7 r r<7 
 ^RfFT Hr \ <K «ff nr Trf 7 TF 7 TF r<r 
 
70 
 
 SEAL INSCRIPTIONS 
 
 SEAL INSCRIPTIONS 
 
 Dar. Seal 
 
 Trr 7r ^Frf \ 7r Trr K'Tfe <7r Z< -< K 
 
 Seal Inscr. a. 
 
 Trr -r << 
 ^ T \ ^ 
 j; rrr •'fiT \ 
 £i Trr Kf FF 
 sj r<7 Trr -F 
 6 ; < 7 .<< K 
 
 < rr TrJ 
 
 Seal Inscr. b. 
 
 <*=< 7r F F r<r 
 y<«miTUJ 
 JJ r<F Tr KF 0 
 
 Seal In9cr. e. 
 
 ^ 7; 7r Trr F^ F^ 
 
 Seal Inscr. d. 
 
 ^ <K r<r 7? << 7r rrr ?r Trr r<r 
 
 Seal Inscr. e. 
 
 ^-FrF\ «FF 
 jj Fr <X K- rrr 
 
VASE INSCRIPTIONS 
 
 n 
 
 2 ) 7 =\ Z< Til 
 
 WEIGHT INSCRIPTION 
 
 p r k << Trr 
 
 ^ Trr Tr ^Tr T \ Tr Trr 
 ^ k- <Tr z<\ «rr^ 
 
 rrr r <r Kf TT T<r \ ^ 
 
 P H r*\ tr 77 << 
 
 6, p ft T Trr ^ Tr <K r<" rrr 
 T? <Fr Tr \ <K «rf 
 Trr ^Tr T K Tr << Tr" r<r 
 
 VASE INSCRIPTIONS 
 
 Xerx. Vases 
 a 
 
 «rr ^ K-Fr Trr \ !=< K > 
 
 «tnr< K- rrr r<< [Trr^' 
 
 Art. Vases 
 
 \ Trr Tr «ff TT << TrpJ \ KK\ 'fe H tT T 
 
 b 
 
 7? r sr -r f r«rr 5 f r m \k k vr? h r* 
 
 C 
 
 TnfcbM«UZ< Tr Trr \ «II ^ nr K' KrT7 rtr 
 
 nt^bh!«!![Z<frnrp 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 TO THE 
 
 OLD PERSIAN INSCRIPTIONS 
 
 BY ^ 
 
 EDWIN LEE JOHNSON 
 

 
 
 
 
 
PREFACE 
 
 So much has been accomplished in recent years in the deci- 
 pherment and interpretation of cuneiform inscriptions, so much 
 has been added to our knowledge of the Ancient Persian lan- 
 guage, that a new Index Y erborum to the Old Persian Inscrip- 
 tions seems imperatively necessary. With such help as is ren- 
 dered by photographs — Stolze’s and others — and with such work 
 as Jackson’s partial re-examination of the Behistan and Perse- 
 polis inscriptions, and King and Thompson’s recent collation, 
 textual criticism proceeds with far greater certainty, and an 
 Index like Spiegel’s of some thirty years ago becomes necessa- 
 rily inadequate to present needs. 
 
 In spite of all that scholarly examination of the inscriptions 
 has been able to do, some lines remain wholly illegible, some 
 passages tantalize us w T ith isolated words, and the consequent 
 variety of supplements and emendations increases the difficulties 
 of the indexer. Some one edition must serve as a basis of his 
 work, and in the present case Tolman’s Ancient Persian Lexicon 
 and Texts has been used: the citations follow for the most part 
 the text as given in that volume. The name of a scholar imme- 
 diately following a root, a meaning, a form, or a line number, 
 indicates what his criticism has furnished, but for all discussion 
 of readings or interpretation and for citation of articles where 
 these subjects are treated, reference has been made to the work 
 of Professor Tolman mentioned above — designated everywhere 
 as Tolman Lex. — in which all these data have been so fully com- 
 piled. Where a word is supplied in the text, the fact is indicated 
 in the Index by enclosing the line number in brackets; where 
 the word occurs in mutilated form the line number is followed 
 by the portion of the word that is legible on the stone, with the 
 sign + for each omitted character, while the larger -f- in a place 
 or two marks the omission of an ideogram. Exception to this 
 scheme has been made in the case of the repeated inscriptions of 
 Xerxes and of Artaxerxes at Persepolis, where the lacunae in 
 one are supplied from another identical with it and therefore 
 with no uncertainty of text, these words being given in the In- 
 dex as if complete in all. In a few places the cited word con- 
 
 (iii) 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 forms to Professor Tolman's Cuneiform Supplement rather than 
 to his transliteration of 1908. 
 
 Special mention must be made of the Naks-i-Rustam inscrip- 
 tions, where the references follow the new material soon to be 
 published by Professor "\\ eissbach. The photographs which he 
 has acquired have added much to the text of those inscriptions, 
 particularly NRb. I am under great obligation to him for ad- 
 vance pages of proof which he forwarded to Professor Tolman 
 from his forthcoming parallel edition, Keilinschriften der 
 Achameniden, and which he kindly permitted me to use. This 
 courtesy on his part has been of inestimable help for that por- 
 tion of the work. In a few instances only have I adhered to 
 Professor Tolman’s earlier Naks-i-Rustam text in preference to 
 Professor Weissbach’s reading, and these where the latter is not 
 stated as confirmed by the photographs. They are as follows: 
 XRa. 38, yadipatiy instead of yadipad[i]y; NR a. 38-39, maniya[ha]y 
 instead of maniy[ahay t]ya; NRa. 46, durayapiy instead of duray; NRd. 
 2, daraya n ta instead of da ray at a . I have adopted Professor Weiss- 
 bach’s designation NRxxix for NRe but not his Dar. Pond, 
 b, for Dar. Kr. 
 
 "While, indeed, the Index is not a lexicon, yet a proper classi- 
 fication, not to say identification, of words requires in many 
 places that meanings be given, and primary significations are 
 generally added. However, in the matter of interpretation all 
 doubtful words are referred to the lexicographical material in 
 Professor Tolman’s work already mentioned. The Index, again, 
 is no grammar, yet system in arrangement of forms amounts 
 frequently to grammatical interpretation. But in this I have 
 endeavored not to be arbitrary; my effort has been to make the 
 work as serviceable as possible to those who may have occasion 
 to use it, yet to confine it to its own province. 
 
 More than I am able to say, am I indebted to Professor Tol- 
 man for his kindly interest in all my work and for the helpful 
 counsel which he has ever been ready to give. 
 
 Edwin Lee Johnson. 
 
 Vanderbilt University, March 80, 1910. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 A, A 
 
 a 1) vbl. prefix, ‘to’, with i, gam, *gar (cf. agartar Tolman), grab, jan 
 (with ava), bar (with patiy), ma, yam, vart? (with upa; see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 122, S. V. + + + + rtaiyiya). 
 
 2) post-pos. prep., ‘in’, with loc. s. of uzma, ga0u, dasta, dahyu, 
 duvara, drayah, mah, vi$; also forming a part of the loc. pi. 
 suffix. (For literature see Tolman Lex. p. 59.) 
 
 a- (before cons. ; an- before vowels), neg. prefix in axsata, anamaka, 
 anahita. 
 
 a, ‘this’: ahiyaya Xerx. Pers. b. IT; Xerx. Pers. da. 12; db. 17; 
 Xerx. Elv. IT. ahyaya (gen.) Xerx. Pers. aa. 8-9; ab. 8-9; 
 ac. 8-9; ad. 8-9; Xerx. Pers. ca. T; cb. 12; Art. Pers. aa. 
 11; ac. 11; ad. 11; Art. Pers. b. 15; Dar. XEa. 11; Art. 
 Sus. a. 1; Art. Sus. c. 4; Dar. Sz. b. 3 + + + + ya; Dar. 
 Sz. c. 5-6; Dar. Kr. 6; Dar. Elv. 17; Xerx. Van. 13; Art. 
 Ham. 1-2 + + yaya. ahyaya (loc.) Bh. 4. 47. ahyayay Dar. 
 Sus. b. 8 + + + + yay. 
 
 aita, ‘this’: aita (nom.) Bh. 1. 44, 45; Dar. XRa. 48. aita (acc.) 
 Dar. Pers. d. 20, 22-23 ai + ; Dar. XEa. 53, 54. 
 
 ainaira, pr. n.: ainairahya Bh. 1. 77-78 aina + + hya. 
 
 aiva, ‘one’: aivam Xerx. Pers. aa. 4, 5; ab. 4, 5; ac. 4, 5; ad. 4, 
 5; Xerx. Pers. b. 8-9, 10; Xerx. Pers. ca. 4, 5; cb. 7, 8; 
 Xerx. Pers. da. 6, 7; db. 8-9, 10; Art. Pers. aa. 6, 7; ac. 
 6, 7; ad. 6, 7; Art. Pers. b. 8, 9-10; Dar. XRa. 6, 7; Dar. 
 Elv. 8-9, 10; Xerx. Elv. 9, 10; Xerx. Van. 7, 8. 
 
 autiyara, pr. n.: autiyara Bh. 2. 58-59. 
 
 aura, ‘god’: aura Dar. Pers. e. 24. aurahya (with mazdaha) Xerx. 
 Pers. ca. 10; cb. 17. 
 
 (l) 
 
2 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 AURAMAZDAh, ideogram for auramazdah, q. v. : AURAMAZDA Art. 
 Sus. a. 4; Art. Ham. 6. AURAMAZDAha Art. Ham. [5]. 
 
 auramazdah ‘Ahura Mazda’: auramazda Bh. 1. 12, 24, 25, 55, 60, 
 87 aura + + da, 94; Bh. 2. 24, 34 au + + zda, 39-40, 45, 54, 
 60, 68, 86, 96 a + + + + + a; Bh. 3. 6, 16-17, 37, 44, 61, 66, 
 87; Bh. 4. 35 + + + + + da, 55, 58, 60, 62, 74, 76, 78, 79-80; 
 Bh. 5. 15-16, 31-32; Dar. Pers. d. 1, 7, 13, 15-16, 23 ++ - 
 ramazda; Xerx. Pers. aa. 1, 18, 20; ab. 1, 18, 20: ac. 1, 
 18, 20; ad. 1, 18, 20; Xerx. Pers. b. 1, 27-28; Xerx. Pers. 
 ca. 1, 12, 15; cb. 1, 20, 24-25; Xerx. Pers. da. 1, 17-18; 
 db. 1, 25-26; Art. Pers. aa. 1, 24; ac. 1, 24; ad. 1, 24-25; 
 Art. Pers. b. 1-2, 32-33;' Dar. NRa. 1, 31, 50, 51-52, 55; 
 Dar. NRb. 1, 7 au + + + + + , 46, 49; Art. Sus. c. 7 au + + - 
 + + + ; Dar. Sz. c. 1; Dar. Elv. 1; Xerx. Elv. 1; Xerx. 
 Van. 1, [25]. auramazdam Bh. 1. 54-55 (written on the stone 
 auramazam); Bh. 4. 44 (auramazd[aiya] Weissbach; see discus- 
 sion and references Tolman Lex. p. 60) auramazd* + + ; 
 Bh. 5. 16 (Weissbach) a +++++++ , 18-19, 32 (Tolman) 
 + ura + + + + + , 34; Dar. Pers. d. 21-22; *Dar. XRa. 54. 
 auramazdaha Bh. 1. 11-12, 14, 18-19, 22-23, 26, 60, 68, 70, 88, 
 94-95 + + + mazdaha; Bh. 2. 3 + + + + + + aha, 25, 35, 40 
 aura + + + + ha, 45-46, 54-55, 60, 68, 86-S7, 97 + urama + - 
 + + + ; Bh. 3. 6-7, 17, 38, 45, 62, 67, 87-88; Bh. 4. 4 
 CWeissbach-Bang 11 ) aura + f + aha, 6 + + + mazdaha, 41, 
 46 aura + + + + + , 52, 60, 88-89 + u + + + da + ; Bh. 5. 
 16-17 aurama + + + + , 32-33 auramaz + + + ; Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 26-27; Xerx. Pers. da. 16; db. 23-24; Xerx. Sus. 1 
 au + + zdaha (see Tolman Lex. p. 1.); Xerx. Van. 19. 
 auramazdaha Dar. Pers. d. 4, 9; Dar. Pers. e. 6-7; Xerx. 
 Pers. aa. 12, 16-17; ab. 12, 16-17; ac. 12, 16-17; ad. 12, 
 16-17; Dar. NRa. 16, 35 auramazdah + , 49, 56-57; Dar. 
 NRb. 6 auramazd + + a, 47-48. 
 
 axsata, ‘unhurt’: axsata Dar. Pers. e. 23. 
 
 agartar, ‘watcher’: agarta (Tolman; see Tolman Lex. p. 60) Bh. 
 1. 21 agar + + . 
 
 a n tar, ‘in’: Bh. 1. 21; Bh. 2. 78 + + r; Bh. 4. 32, 92. 
 
IXDEX VEHBORUM 
 
 3 
 
 atiy, vbl. prefix, ‘beyond’, with i. 
 
 a0a n gaina or a0a"gaina, ‘of stone’: a0a”gaina Dar. Pers. c. a#a n - 
 gainam Art. Bus. c. 6. a#a"ganam Art. Pers. aa. 22; ac. 22; 
 ad. 22; Art. Pers. b. 29-30. 
 
 aflahavaja, doubtful word: Bh. 4. 90. 
 
 a0iy, ‘to’ (cf. abiy): Bh. 1. 91. 
 
 afliyabausna (a&yabausna Bai'tholomae), pr. n. : a&yabausnahya Seal 
 Inscr. a. 4-S-6-7. 
 
 a0ura, ‘Assyria’: a0ura Bh. 1. 14-15; Bh. 2. 7 a0 + + + ; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 11; Dar. NRa. 26-27 + 0urii. atfuraya Bh. 2. 53-54. 
 
 atfuriya, ‘Assyrian’: a^uriya Dar. NRxvn. 
 
 a0 r ina or a# r ina, pr. n.: a# r ina Bh. 1. 74, 82 a0 r + na; Bh. 4. 10 
 + + + na; Bh. c. 1-2. atf'inam Bh. 1. 76 + 0 r inam. 
 
 afllyadiya, name of a month: a0 r iyadiyahya Bh. 1. 89 a 6 T + yadi- 
 ya + + ; Bh. 3. 18. 
 
 ada, ‘then’: Dar. NRa. 43, 45. 
 
 adakaiy (ada-kly Bartholomae), ‘then’: Bh. 2. 11, 24; Bh. 4. 81, 
 82 adakai + ; Bh. t 5. 15 a + + + + . 
 
 [adata, ‘noble’: adata (Andreas-Htising) Bh. 1. 7 + + ata. (See 
 Tolman Lex. p. 62; also p. 115, s. v. ma with prefix a.)] 
 
 adam, ‘I’: adam Bh. 1. 1, 10, 12, 14 + dam, 39, 52, 54 bis, 56, 59, 
 60, 62 bis, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68 bis, 70, 72, 73, 75, 78, 82, 83 
 
 bis, 86, 89, 91 a + m, 95; Bh. 2. 3, 5, 6, [10], 11, [15], 19, 
 
 28, 30, 48, 50, 63, 64, 69, 72, 73-74, 80, 81, 88; Bh. 3. 1, 
 
 13, 25, 29, 50, 77, 80, 84; Bh. 4. 3, 6, 8, [11], 14, 16, 19 
 
 a + m, 21, 24, 27, 29, 32 + + m, 40, 45, 59, 64 + da +, 71, 
 81; Bh. 5. 2 + + m, 6-7, 13 ada + , [21]; Bh. a. 1, 16; Bh. 
 b. 4, 6; Bh. c. 5-6; Bh. d. 3, 6; Bh. e. 5, 8; Bh. f. 3-4; 
 Bh. g. 5; Bh. h. 4-5, 8; Bh. i. 4, 9; Bh. j. 4; Dar. Pers. 
 d. 20; Dar. Pers. e. 1, 7; Xerx. Pers. aa. 6, 13, 14; ab. 6,, 
 
4 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 13, 11; ac. 6, 13, 14; ad. 6, 13, 14; Xerx. Pers. b. 11; 
 Xerx. Pers. ea. 6; cb. 9; Xerx. Pers. da. 8, IT; db. 11, 
 24; Art. Pers. aa. 11-12; ac. 11-12; ad. 11-12; Art. Pers. 
 b. 16; Dar. NRa. 8, IT, 18, 34, 35-36, 3T, 53-54; Dar. Sus. 
 a. [1]; Dar. Sus. b. [1]; Art. Sus. b; Dar. Sz. c. 4, T, ada + , 
 8, 11; Dar. Kr. 1; Dar. Elv. 11; Xerx. Elv. 12; Xerx. 
 Van. 9, 23; Murghabl; Dar. Seal; Dar. Weight Inscr. 2. 
 mam Bh. 1. 52 (end.), 82-83 + am, [93]; Bh. 2. 18, 28, 48, 
 63, 6T, T3, 88; Bh. 3. 30; Bh. 4. 35, 91 ma +; Bh. 5. 13 
 nia + , IT nm + , 26, [29], 33 + am; Xerx. Pers. aa. 18; ab. 
 IS; ac. 18; ad. 18; Xerx. Pers. b. 2T; Xerx Pers. ca. 12; 
 cb. 20; Xerx. Pers. da. IT; db. 25; Art. Pers. aa. 5, 22-23, 
 23, 24, 26; ac. 5, 22-23, 23, 24, 26; ad. 5, 22, 23, 24, 26; 
 Art. Pers. b. 6-T, 30 bis, 32, 35; Dar. NRa. 33, 3T, 51 + - 
 + m; Dar. NRb. 26, 49; Dar. Sz. c. 12 m:l + ; Xerx. Van. 
 [25]; Art. Ham. 5-6 + am, 6 ma + . ma (end. abl. ; always 
 with haca unless Bh. 3. 24, v. inf.) Bh. 1. 19, 23; Bh. 2. 6, 
 [12], 16, 93; Bh. 3. 24 (duvitlya-ma Bartholomae; see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 102, s. v. duvitlya), 2T, T8, 81; Bh. 5. [5]; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 9; Dar. NRa. 20. ma (end., = maiy?) kamna-ma 
 (Tolman) Bh. 2. 19; apanyaka-ma Art. Sus. a. 3. apara-ma 
 (Bartholomae) Bh. 4. 3T, 68, 8T. mana Bh. 1. 4, 9, 12, 13, 
 18, 19 ma + a, 19, 23, 2T, 60; Bh. 2. 19-20, 21, 25 + na, 
 2T, 29-30, 31, 35, 40, 46, 49, 51, 55, 60-61, 82, 84, 8T ? 91- 
 92, 93; Bh. 3. 9-10, 10, 13, 15, IT, 20, 20-21, 31, 32, 3S, 
 45, 53, 56, 62, 6T, T5-T6, T6, 84, 86; Bh. 4. 2, 12 + na 
 (Weissbach would delete), 35, 42," 49, 52, 53-54, 66, 82-S3; 
 Bh. 5. 8 + + a, [14], [16], 30 + na; Bh. a. 5, 14-15; Dar. 
 Pers. d. T, 13; Dar. Pers. e. 9; Xerx. Pers. aa. 19; ab. 19; 
 ac. 19; ad. 19; Xerx. Pers. b. 23; Xerx. Pers. ca. 11; cb. 
 19; Dar. NRa. 19, 21, 33; Xerx. Sus. [2] (Tolman); Xerx. 
 Van. 18. mana Dar. Pers. d. 9. maiy (end.) Bh. 1. 25 
 ma + + , 25, 55, 8T, 94; Bh. 2. 24, 34, 40, 45, 54 + iy, 60, 
 68, T5, T9, 86, 90, 96; Bh. 3. 6, 11, IT, 3T, 44-45, 61-62, 
 66-6T, 8T; Bh. 4. 39, 46, 60, 64; Dar. Pers. d. 23 + + y; 
 Xerx. Pers. aa. 15, 18-19, 19-20; ab. 15, 18-19, 19-20; ac. 
 15, 18, 19; ad. 15, 18-19, 19-20; Xerx. Pers. b. 24, 29, 30; 
 Xerx. Pers. ca. 13 bis ; cb. 22, 22-23; Xerx. Pers. da. 18- 
 19, 19; db. 2T, 28; Dar. NRa. 50 (written on the stone -iy), 
 52-53, 54-55; Dar. NRb. 7 + iy, 48, 49; Xerx. Van. [26- 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 5 
 
 27], [27]; Art. Ham. [6]. vayam Bh. 1. 7, [10]; Bh. a. 10, 
 17. amaxam Bh. 1. 8, 28, 45, 49, 61, 69, 71; Bh. a. 12-13. 
 
 adiy, ‘in’: Bh. 4. 69 (ufrastadiy for ufrasta adiy). 
 
 adukanisa, name of a month: adukanisahya Bh. 2. 69 aduka + - 
 + sahya. 
 
 ana, ‘this’: ana Dar. Pers. e. 8. 
 
 ana, 4 throughout’: Xerx. Pers. aa. 14; ab. 14; ac. 14; ad. 14. 
 
 anamaka, name of a month: anamakahya Bh. 1. 96; Bh. 2. 26, 56: 
 Bh. 3. 63. 
 
 anahita, pr. n. : an(a)h(i)ta Art. Sus. a. 4-5; Art. Ham. 6. an(a)- 
 h(i)tahya Art. Sus. a. 4 + + h a ta + + + ; Art. Ham. [5]. 
 
 aniya, ‘other’, ‘enemy’: aniya Bh. 1. 95; Bh. 3. 32. aniyam Bh. 
 
 1. 86; Bh. 5. 25, 28. aniyana Dar. Pers. d. 11; Dar. Pers. 
 e. 20-21. aniyahya Bh. 1. 87. aniyaha Bh. 4. 61 an + + + + , 
 62-63. aniya (nom.) Bh. 1. 41. aniya (acc. ) Bh. 1. 47, 67. 
 aniyauva Bh. 1. 35 + + iyauva. aniyasciy Bh. 4. 46; Xerx. 
 Pers. aa. 13; ab. 13; ac. 13; ad. 13. 
 
 anuv, ‘along’: Bh. 1. 92. (See Tolman Lex. p. 77, s. v. ufratu.) 
 
 anusiya, ‘ally’: anusiya Bh. 2. 95 anusi + . anusiya Bh. 1. 58; Bh. 
 
 2. 77; Bh. 3. 49, 51, 74, 90 (Weissbach) + nusi + + , 91-92 
 a + + si + a; Bh. 4. 82. 
 
 apa, vbl. prefix, ‘away’, with gud. 
 
 apatara, ‘away from’: apataram Xerx. Pers. b. 25; Dar. NRa. 18. 
 
 apadana, ‘palace’: apadana Art. Sus. a. 3; Art. Ham. 5, 
 
 apanyaka, ‘ancestor’: apanyaka Art. Sus. a. 3. 
 
 apara, ‘afterwards’: aparam Bh. 4. 37, 42, 48 + + ram, 68, 70, 87. 
 (apara-ma Bartholomae, Bh. 4. 37, 68, 87.) 
 
<5 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 apl, 4 water’: apis Bh. 1 . 95-96 (apisim for apis-sim). apiya Bh. 1 . 
 95 api + a. 
 
 apiy, 'on’: api- Bh. 4. 46 + + i- (uta- Bartholomae, Gray), apiy 
 Xerx. Pers. aa. 9; ab. 9; ac. 9; ad. 9; Xerx. Pers. b. 18- 
 19; Xerx. Pers. ca. 8; cb. 13-14; Xerx. Pers. da. 13; db. 
 18-19; Dar. Sz. c. 6; Dar. Elv. 19; Xerx. Elv. 18; Xerx. 
 \ an. 14. -apiy (end.) Dar. NRa. 12. 46. (With duraiy in 
 all places except Bh. 4. 46. See also duraiapiy and duraya- 
 piy-) 
 
 abiy, ‘to’: Bh. 1. 40, 76, 80, 82a + + + , 84; Bh. 2. 12, 17, 73, 
 88; Bh. 3. 2, 3, 14, 27, 56, 60, 71, 82; Bh. 5. 12-13, 21, 
 23, 26 + biy; Dar. Pers. d. 18; Dar. Pers. e. 24; Dar. Sz. 
 c. 9-10 + + iy, 12 + biy. Also vbl. prefix, ‘to’, with i. 
 (Foy.) 
 
 abicaris, for proposed meanings see Tolman Lex. p. 64: abicaris 
 (abiciris (sic) Hoffmann-Kutschke) Bh. 1. 64-65. 
 
 ab(i)ypara, ‘later’ (Foy): Art. Sus. a. 4. 
 
 abis, ‘thereby’: Bh. 1. S6. 
 
 amaxamata, see Tolman Lex. p. 133, s. v. hama: Bh. 4. 92. 
 
 ayadana, ‘sanctuary’: ayadana Bh. 1. 63-64. 
 
 ar, ‘come’: arasam Bh. 1. 54; Bh. 2. 28, 48, 63. 
 
 with prefix para: pararasam Bh. 2. 65. pararasa Bh. 2. 22, 
 
 32, 52; Bh. 3. 3, 34. 
 
 with prefix my: nirasatiy Dar. Pers. e. 24. 
 
 araika, ‘hostile’: araika (arika Bartholomae) Bh. 1. 22, 33; Bh. 4. 
 63 arai + . 
 
 arabaya, ‘Arabia’: arabaya Bh. 1. 15; Dar. Pers. e. 11; Dar. 
 NRa. 27. 
 
 arakadri, pr. n. : arakadris Bh. 1 . 37. 
 
IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 ar a xa, pr. n.: ar a xa Bh. 3. 78, [91]; Bh. 4. 28-29; Bh. i. 1. ar a xam 
 Bh. 3. 82, 89 a + + + . 
 
 ariya, ‘Aryan’: ariya Dar. NRa. 14. ariya ciO r a Dar. NRa. 14 (see 
 ci0 r a). ariyam Bh. 4. 89 (Weissbach-Bang”) ++++ am. 
 
 ariyaramna, ‘Ariaramnes ariyaramna Bh. 1. 5; Bh. a. 7. ariya- 
 ramnahya Bh. 1. 5; Bh. a. 7. 
 
 aruvasatam?: Dar. NRb. 4 (a[r]s[t]am Tolman), 33. 
 
 artaxsa0 r a, ‘Artaxerxes artaxsa0 r a Art. Vases; Frag. Vases Susa 
 artax + + + (see Tolman Lex. p. 58). ardaxcasda (or ardax- 
 casc(?)a) Art. Vase Venice (see Tolman Lex. p. 66). 
 ‘Artaxerxes I': artaxsa#'a Art. Pers. aa. 14-15*, 15-16; ac. 14- 
 15*, 15; ad. 14-15*, 15-16; Art. Pers. b. 19-20*, 20-21. 
 artaxsa# r am Art. Sus. a. 4 arta + + + ++ . artaxsa0 r ahya Art. 
 Sus. a. 2 + . artaxsa0 r ahya Al’t. Sus. a. 2. artaxsa^rahya (sic; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 54. n. 3) Art. Ham. 2-3 + + + + + - 
 + hya, 3t. 
 
 ‘Artaxerxes IP: artaxsa^'a Art. Pers. aa. 12*, 13; ac. 12*, 13; 
 ad. 12*, 13; Art. Pers. b. 16*, 17; Art. Sus. a. 1; Art. 
 Sus. b; Art. Sus. c. [1]; Art. Ham. 1. 
 
 ‘Artaxerxes III’: artaxsa0 r a Art. Pers. aa. 5|, 8, 21, 23-24; ac. 
 5t, 8, 21, 23-24; ad. 5j, 8, 21, 23-24; Art. Pers. b. 7J, 11, 
 27-28, 31-32. 
 
 *Nomasgen. fGen. as nom. tNom. asacc. 
 
 artavardiya, pr. n. : artavardiya Bh. 3. 30-31, 33. artavardiyam Bh. 
 
 3. 36, 43. 
 
 ardaxcasc(?)a: Art. Vase Venice. See artaxsa^'a and reference. 
 
 ardastana, on meaning see Tolman Lex. p. 67: ardastana Dar. 
 Pers. c. 
 
 ardumanis, pr. n. : ardumanis Bh. 4. 86 ar + + + n + + . 
 arbaira, ‘Arbela’: arbairaya Bh. 2. 90. 
 
8 
 
 IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 armina, ‘Armenia’: armina Bh. 1. 15; Dar. Pers. e. 12; Dar. 
 NRa. 27 arm + + . arminam Bh. 2. 30, 32, 50, 52. 
 
 arminiya, ‘Armenian’, ‘Armenia’: arminiya Bh. 2. 29; Bh. 3. 78- 
 79 + + + iniya; Bh. 1. 29 armin + + . arminiyaiy Bh. 2. 59, 
 63 arminiya + + . arm'niyaiy Bh. 2. 33-31, 39 arm i ni + + + , 
 U, 18 ar + ni + iy. 
 
 arstibara (thus written for arstibara; sarastibara Weissbach), ‘spear- 
 bearer': arstibara Dar. XRc. 2. 
 
 arsaka, ‘Arsaces’: arsaka Seal Inscr. a. 1-2. 
 
 arsada, pr. n. : arsada Bh. 3. 72. 
 
 arsama, ‘Arsames': arsama Bh. 1. 1-5; Bh. a. 6; Art. Pers. aa. 
 20*; ac. 20*; ad. 20*; Art. Pers. b. 26*. arsamahya Bh. 1. 
 3, 5; Bh. a. 1, 6. 
 
 *Xom. as gen. 
 
 arsta (Foy; Jackson, King-Thompson), ‘Rectitude': arstam 
 
 (Tolman Lex. p. 68) Bh. 1. 61; Dar. NRb. 1 (Tolman; 
 
 a[r]s[t]am for aruvasatam) . 
 arsti, ‘spear’: arstis Dar. NRa. llarst + s. 
 
 ava, ‘that’: ava (nom.) Bh. 1. 17; Dar. NRa. 21. avam Bh. 1. 21, 
 22, 31 + vam, 10, 19, 57, 76, 80, SI, 88; Bh. 2. 1, 1-5, 12, 
 17, 20 bis , 25, 30, 31, 35 ava + , 10-11, 16, 50, 51, 55, 61, 
 82, 81, 87, 91 a + m, 97; Bh. 3. 1, 7, 12, 11, 11-15, 17, 27, 
 31, 38, 15-16, 17-18, 50, 56-57, 58, 62, 67, 82, 85, 85 + + m, 
 S9; Bh. 1. 38, 66 + vam, 66; Bh. 5. [6], [8], 27; Xerx. Pers. 
 aa. 2; ab. 2; ac. 2; ad. 2; Xerx. Pers. b. 3; Xerx. Pers. 
 ca. 2; cb. 3; Xerx. Pers. da. 2; db. 3; Art. Pers. aa. 2-3; 
 ac. 3; ad. 2-3; Art. Pers, b. 3; Dar. NRa. 2; Dar. Sz. c. 
 1; Dar. Ely. 3; Xerx. Elv. 1; Xerx. Van. 3. ava (acc.) 
 Bh. 1. 20, 62; Bh. 1. 76, 79; Xerx.Pers. aa. 16; ab. 16; 
 
 ac. 16; ad. 16; Xerx. Pers. b. 25; Dar. NRa. 20, 37, 19; 
 Dar. Sus. a. 1. avasciy Xerx. Pers. aa. 20; ab. 20; ac. 20; 
 
 ad. 20; Xerx. Pers. ca. 11; cb. 21. avahya Bh. 1. 29; Bh. 
 3. 70; Bh. 1. 18-19. avaiy Bh. 2. 77; Bh. 1. 69. ava Dar. 
 NRa. 39 a + + . avaisam Bh. 1. 51. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 9 
 
 ava, vbl. prefix, ‘down', with jan, a-jan, rad, sta, har (Weissbach), 
 hard (Tolman). 
 
 ava, ‘thus’: Bh. 1. 51. 
 
 avakanam (see Tolman Lex. p. 6S): Bh. 1. 86. 
 
 avajam (see Tolman Lex. p. 69): Bh. 2. 75, 89. 
 
 ava0a, ‘thus’: Bh. 1. 21 + va0a, 38, 12, 56, 63, 67, 70, 75, 78, 90 
 a + + ii, 96 ; Bh. 2. 10 a + + + , 15, 20, 27, 30, 36-37, 12, 17 
 ava + + , 50, 56, 62, 70, 80, 83 + va0a, 98; Bh. 3. 8, 11, 19, 
 21, 10, 17, 57, 63-61, 69, 80, 85, 89; Bh. 1. 8, 11, 13, 16, 
 19, 21, 21, 27 ava + + , 29, 36, 39, 51; Bh. 5. 17 + + 0a, [33]; 
 Bh. b. 1; Bh. c. 1; Bh. d. 2-3; Bh. e. 1-5; Bh. f. 2-3; Bh. 
 g. 1; Bh. h. 3-1; Bh. i. 3; Bh. j. 3; Dar. Pers. e. 20; Dar. 
 Sz. c. 11 ava + + , 12 + + + a. 
 
 ava0asta (King-Thompson; ava0a - word divider - ta Tolman): 
 Bh. 1. 72. 
 
 avada, ‘there’: avada Bh. 1. 85, 88 + vada, 92; Bh. 2. 9, 23, 21 
 + vada, 28, 31, 39, 11-15, 51, 59, 66, 96; Bh. 3. 5, 23, 31-35, 
 H, 61, 66, 71; Bh. 1. 81; Bh. 5. 28; Dar. NRa. 12 a + da. 
 avada- Bh. 1. 37, 59; Bh. 3. 12, 52, 80. 
 
 avapara, ‘ along there': Bh. 2. 72; Bh. 3. 72-73. 
 
 avastayam (King-Thompson): Bh. 1. 89-90 avast + ya + . 
 
 avahana, ‘village’: avahanam Bh. 2. 33. 
 
 \ 
 
 avahya, ‘ ask aid ’. 
 
 with prefix patiy: patiyavahyaiy (-vahyaiy Jackson, King- 
 
 Thompson; -va(n)hyaiy (sic) Hoffmann-Kutschke; see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 70.) Bh. 1. 55. 
 
 avahyaradiy, ‘for this reason': Bh. 1. 6-7 + + hyaradiy, 51-52; 
 Bh. 1. 17, 51 (Tolman) + + + + radiy, 62 avah + ra + + + ; Bh. 
 a. 9-10. 
 
10 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 av a h a r + + (see Tolman Lex. p. 70; also cf. hard with prefix ava): 
 avaharda (Tolman) Bh. 2. 94 avahar + + . 
 
 asa, ‘horse’: asam Bh. 1. 87 (Jackson, Iving-Thorupson; see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 71). 
 
 asagarta, ‘Sagartia’: asagarta Dar. Pel’s, e. 15. asagartam Bh. 4. 
 23. asagartaiy Bh. 2. 80-81; Bh. 4. 22 asaga + + + + ; Bh. 
 g. 7-8. 
 
 asagartiya, ‘Sagartian’: asagartiya Bh. 2. 79; Bh. 4. 20-21. 
 
 asabari, ‘horseman ": asabaribis (asabaraibis Y\ eissbach) Bh. 2. 2, 
 71; Bh. 3. 41, 72. asabar a (Weissbaeh Phot.) Dar. NRb. 
 44, 45. 
 
 aspacanah, ‘Aspathines’: aspacana Dar. NRd. 1. 
 
 asman, ‘firmament’: asmanam Xerx. Pers. aa. 2; ab. 2; ac. 2; 
 ad. 2; Xerx. Pers. b. 3-4; Xerx. Pers. ca. 2; cb. 3; Xerx. 
 Pers. da. 3; db. 3-4; Dar. NRa. 2-3; Dar. Sz. c. 1; Dai\ 
 Ely. 3-4; Xerx. Elv. 4; Xerx. Van. 3. asmanam Art. 
 Pers. aa, 3; ac. 3; ad. 3; Art. Pers. b. 3-4. 
 
 asnaiy, for proposed meanings see Tolman Lex. p. 71: Bh. 2. 
 11 - 12 . 
 
 azda, ‘known’: Bh. 1. 32; Dar. NRa. 43, 45. 
 
 [ah, ‘throw’?: ahyata (Kern; see Tolman Lex. p. 72) Bh. 1. 95 
 + + + + a -] 
 
 ah, ‘be’: amiy Bh. 1. 12, 39, 53, 75, 79; Bh. 2. 10, 15 + + iy, 80; 
 Bh. 3. 25, 81; Bh. 4. 9, 11, [14], 17, 19, 22, 25 a + + + , 27, 
 30; Bh. b. 5, 7: Bh. c. 8-9; Bh. d. 4-5, 7; Bh. e. 0, 9: Bh. 
 f. 4-5; Bh. g. 7-8 (Weissbaeh; omitted by Rawlinson, 
 King Thompson Cuneiform Text, Tolman); Bh. h. 5-6, 9; 
 Bh. i. 6, 10; Bh. j. 5; Dar. NRa. 35; Dar. NRb. 7, 8, 40, 
 42, 43; Dar. Sz. c. 7 ami + . astiy Bh. 4. 46, 51. amahy 
 Bb. 1. 7-8, 11; Bh. a. 12, 18. ha'diy Bh. 4. 61, [63]. aham 
 Bh. 1. 14; Bh. 2. 6 aha + , 12; Bh. 3. 77; Bh. 4. 63 bis, 64. 
 aha Bh. 1. 8 + ha, 21, 22, 29, 30, 36, 45-46, 48, 62, 86; Bh. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 11 
 
 2. 13, [16], 18-19, 19, 21, [21] (Tolnian), 91, 95; Bh. 3. 8, 
 30, 70 + ha; Bh. 1. 8; Bh. 5. [17], 29, [33]; Bh. a. 13; Dar. 
 NRa. 38; Dar. Sz. c. [12], aha 11 Bh. 1. 10, 38, 12, 56, 90, 
 96; Bh. 2. 27, 36, 12, 17, 56, 70, 98; Bh. 3. 19, 10, 47, 63, 
 69, 89; Bh. 1. 51; Bh. a. 16. ahy (ahy King-Thompson, 
 Hoffmann-Kutschke, wrongly; see Tolman Lex. p. 72) 
 Bh. 1. 37, 68, 72, 87. ahatiy Bh. 1. 38, 39-10, 68, 68-69, 
 [71], 78 ahati+; Bh. 5. 19 + hatiy, [35]; Dar. Pers. e. 22. 
 aha"ta Bh. 1. 19, 58; Bh. 2. 77; Bh. 3. 75, [90] (Weissbach), 
 91; Bh. 1. 81 + ha n ta. aha n ta (sic) Bh. 3. 49, 51. 
 
 i, i 
 
 i, ‘go’: aitiy Dar. Sz. c. 10. ais a (ais Bartholomae, Tolman, 
 Weissbach) Bh. 1. 93; Bh. 2. 67; Bh. 3. 35, 43. 
 
 with prefix a: aya"ta Dar. Sz. c. 11. 
 
 with prefix atiy: atiyais* Bh. 3. 73. 
 
 with prefix abiy or upa: abiyayam (Foy), upayam (Weissbach- 
 
 Bang, King-Thompson) Bh. 1. 91-92 + + ayam. 
 
 with prefix upariy: upariyayam Bh. 4. 61-65 (-ayam Weiss- 
 
 bach-Bang 11 ; see Tolman Lex. p. 73, also p. 85 s. v. xsi 
 with prefix upariy). 
 
 with prefix nij: nijayam Bh. 2. 61. 
 
 — — with prefix patiy: patiyarsa 11 Bh. 1. 13 + + iyaisa n , 18 pati- 
 
 •4- H — I — 
 
 with prefix para: paraidiy Bh. 2. 30, 50; Bh. 3. 11. paraita 
 
 (in j. ) Bh. 2. 20, 83; Bh. 3. 58, 85 para + + + . paraita (pple.) 
 Bh. 2. 32-33, 38 parait + , 13, 52, 58; Bh. 3. 65. 
 
 ap a riy a ay a : reading of King-Thompson for apariyaya 11 Bh. 
 
 l. 23 (upariyaya Weissbach-Bang; see hapariya-; also Tolman 
 Lex. p. 73 and p. 132 s. v. hapariya-) 
 
 ida, ‘here’: Bh. 1. 29; Xerx. Pers. b. 21. 
 
 ima, ‘this’: ima (nom.) Bh. 1. 27, 72; Bh. 2. 91; Bh. 3. 10, 20, 
 53, 76; Bh. 4. 1, 3, 10, 11, 49, 59; Bh. 5. 2. imam Dar. 
 Pers. a. 6; Dar. Pers. e. 21; Xerx. Pers. aa. 12; ab. 12; 
 
 ac. 12; ad. 12; Art. Pers. aa. 22*; ac. 22*; ad. 22*; Art. 
 Pers. b. 29*; Art. Sus. a. 3f; Art. Ham. 5f, 7j\ imam 
 Bh. 4. 42, 48, 54, 57, 70, 73, 77 im + m, 88; Dar. Pers. d. 
 15, 18; Dar. Pers. e. 24; Xerx. Pers. aa. 1; ab. 1; ac. 1; 
 
12 
 
 INDEX YERBORUM 
 
 ad. 1; Xerx. Pers. b. 2; Xerx. Pers. ca. 1; cb. 2; Xerx. 
 Pers. da. 1-2; db. 2; Art. Pers. aa. 2, 25-26; ac. 2, 25-26; 
 ad. 2. 25-26; Art. Pers. b. 2, 34; Dar. NRa. 1-2, 32, 53; 
 Art. Sus. c. 4-5 + mamt, 5; Dar. Sz. c. 1, 8; Dar. Elv. 2; 
 Xerx. Elv. 3; Xerx. Van. 2, 24. ima(acc.)Bh. 1. 25 bis, 
 26, 68; Xerx. Pers. ca. 10-11; cb. 18; Xerx. Pers. da. 16; 
 db. 24; Xerx. Sus. 2; Xerx. Van. 20. imaiy (nom.) Bk. 
 4. 34, 80, 82. imaiy (ace.) Bk. 4. 31. imai- Bk. 4. 71 + mai-, 
 73, 77. ima (nom.) Bk. 1. 13, 18, 23; Bk. 2, [6]; Bk. 4. 
 33; Dar. Pers. e. 7; Dar. NRa. 16 im + . ima (acc. f.) Bk. 
 1. 21. ima (acc. n.) Bk. 4. 32. imaisam Bk. 4. 87. 
 
 *As fem. fAs aeut. 
 
 imanis, pr. n. : imanis Bk. 2. 10; Bk. 4. 16-17; Bk. f. 4. 
 
 iyam, ‘tins’: iyam (m.) Bk. b. 1; Bk. c. 1; Bk. d. 1; Bk. e. 1; 
 Bk. f. 1; Bk. g. 1; Bk. k. 1; Bk. i. 1; Bk. j. 1; Bk. k. 1; 
 Dar. NRb. 53*; Dar. NRi; NRn; NRiii; NRiv; NRjxvi]; 
 NRxvii. iyam (f.) Bk. 4. 89 i + + ; Dar. Pers. d. 6; Dar. Sz. 
 c. 10. iyam (witk nom. pi. m.) Dar. NRxv; NRxxix. 
 iya Bk. 4. 90 (see Tolman Lex. p. 74). 
 
 * Gender not evident from mutilated text, 
 isuvam (Weissback Pkot. ; see Tolman Lex. p. 74): Dar. NRd. 2. 
 is, ‘send’. 
 
 witk prefix fra: fraisayam Bk. 1. 82; Bk. 2. 19 fraisa + + , 
 
 30, 50, 72-73, 82; Bk. 3. 2, 13, 30, 84; Bk. 5, 7 + + + + +- 
 yam. fraisaya Bk. 3. 55, 60, 71. 
 
 izara, pr. n. : izara (Tolman; izala Weissback; see Tolman Lex. 
 p. 74) Bk. 2. 53 i + + a. 
 
 U, U 
 
 u (before vowels uv), in composition, ‘well’, occurring in ukar- 
 tam (?), ufrasta, ufrasti, ubarta, umartiya, uvaxstra, uvaspa. 
 
 ukartam (Tolman), ‘well done’: Bk. 4. 76 + + + + m (see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 75). 
 
INDEX VERB0RT7M 
 
 13 
 
 uc a s 8 m a (see Tolman Lex. p. To), ‘eye’: ucasma (King-Thompson; 
 word divider - casma J ackson) Bh. 2. < 5 + + + ma, S9 + casma. 
 
 uta, ‘and’: Bh. 1. 3d bis, 34-35 ut + , 41 ter, 46 bis, 47, 57, 67, 77, 
 85; Bh. 2. 3, 4, [13], 18 u + + , 74 quater, 77, 81-82, 87, 
 88, 89 bis , 92; Bh. 3. 30, 47, 48, 50, 57, 58, 74 u + a, 77 
 (written on the stone ua), 88, 90 + + a, 91 +ta; Bh. 4. 7, 
 [46] (Bartholomae, Gray, utamaiy for apimaiy), 56 bis, 58, 
 61, 62, 73, 75 ter , 77-78, 79 bis, 91; Bh. 5. 11, 12, [13], 
 15, 19, 26-27, 35 + ta, 35; Dar. Pers. d. 15; Dar. Pers. e. 
 13, 14; Xerx. Pers. aa. 19 bis; ab. 19 bis ; ac. 19 bis; ad. 
 19 bis; Xerx. Pers. b. 24, 29, 30; Xerx. Pers. ca. 13 bis; 
 cb. 21, 22; Xerx. Pers. da. 19; db. 28; Art. Pers. aa. 25 
 bis, 26; ac. 25 bis, 26; ad. 25 bis, 26; Art. Pers. b. 33, 34, 
 35; Dar. NRa. 52, 53; Dar. NRb. 26, 27, 37 bis, 41 u + + , 
 43, 43 u + +, 45 u + a; Art. Sus. a. 4 + ta, 5 ut + ; Art. Sus. 
 c. 5; Dar. Sz. c. 11 ut + ; Xerx. Van. 20, [26], [27]; Art. 
 Ham. [5], 6, [6], 6-7 ++ a. uta- Xerx. Pers. aa. 15, 18; 
 ab. 15, 18; ac. 15, 18; ad. 15, 18; Xerx. Pers. da. 18; 
 db. 27. 
 
 utana, ‘Otanes’: utana Bh. 4. 83 +ta + . 
 
 ud, us, vbl. prefix, ‘up’, with pat; occurring also in noun ustasana. 
 
 upa, 1) vbl. prefix, ‘ to ’, with i ?, vart (with a) ?. See also upasta. 
 
 2) prep., ‘to’: Bh. 2. 18; Bh. 3. 30; Art. Pers. aa. 23; ac. 23; 
 ad. 23; Art. Pers. b. 30; Art. Sus. a. 4 + pa. 
 
 upadara n ma (Oppert), pr. n.: upadara n mahya (upadarmahya W eiss- 
 bach) Bh. 1. 74. 
 
 upariy, 1) prep., ‘above’: Bh. 4. 64; Dar. NRb. 4. 
 
 2) vbl. prefix, ‘over’, with i ?, xsi?. 
 
 upasta, ‘help’: upastam Bh. 1. 25, 55, 87 upas + am, 94; Bh. 2. 
 24-25, 34, 40, 45 upasta + , 54, 60, 68, 86, [97]; Bh. 3. 6, 
 17, 37, 45, 62, 67, 87 upast + + ; Bh. 4. 60-61, 62; Dar. 
 Pers. d. 13; Dar. NRa. 50. 
 
 ufratu, ‘Euphrates’: ufrat u uva (ufratuva; see Tolman Lex. p. 7a) 
 Bh. 1. 92. 
 
14 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 ufrasta, ‘well punished’: ufrastam Bh. 4. 38. ufrastam Bh. 1. 22; 
 Bh. 4. 66-67. 
 
 ufrasti, ‘ severe punishment ufrasta Bh. 4. 69. 
 
 ubarta, ‘well esteemed’: ubartam Bh. 1. 21-22; Bh. 4. 66. ubartam 
 Bh. 4. 87 (Weissbach; see Tolman Lex. p. 74, s. v. ima) 
 + + + + a +• 
 
 umartiya, ‘possessing good men’: umartiya Dar. Pers. d. 8-9. 
 umartiyam Dar. Sz. c. 4 + mar + + yam. 
 
 uyama, pr. n. : uyama Bh. 2. 44 u + + a. 
 
 uvaipasiya, ‘own possession’ (see Tolman Lex. p. < <): uvaipasiyam 
 Bh. 1. 47. 
 
 uvaxstra, ‘Cyaxares’: uvaxstrahya Bh. 4. 19, 22; Bh. e. 7; Bh. g. 
 8-9. uvaxstrahya Bh. 2. 15-16, 81 uvaxstra + + + . 
 
 uvaja, ‘Susiana’: uvaja Bh. 1. 14; Bh. 2. 7; Bh. 5. 4 + vaja; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 10; Dar. NRa. 22; Dar. NEm. uvajam Bh. 1. 82; 
 Bh. 2. 12; Bh. 4. 12, 17; Bh. 5. 7 u + + + , 10. uvajaiy Bh. 
 1. 74-75 + + + + y, 75, 77; Bh. 2. 10, 10-11; Bh. 4. 11, 17 
 uvajai + ; Bh. c. 9-10; Bh. f. 5. 
 
 uvajiya, ‘Susian’: uvajiya Bh. 4. 10; Bh. 5. 5-6 uvaji + . uvajiya 
 Bh. 1. 75-76; Bh. 2. 12 + + jiya; Bh. 5. [11] (Weissbach), 
 15 + + + iya. uvajiyaibis Bh. 5. 10. 
 
 uvadaicaya, pr. n.: uvadaicaya Bh. 3. 51. 
 
 uvamarsiyu, ‘dying by one’s own hand’: uvamarsiyus Bh. 1. 43. 
 
 uvarazm'i, ‘Chorasmia’: uvarazmis Dar. NRa. 23-24 uvaraz + is. 
 
 uvarazm'iya, ‘Chorasmia’: uvarazmiya Bh. 1. 16; Dar. Pers. e. 
 16-17. 
 
 uvaspa, ‘possessing good horses’: uvaspa Dar. Pers. d. 8. 
 pam Dar. Sz. c. [4]. 
 
 uvas- 
 
IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 15 
 
 ustasana, ‘staircase’: ustasanam Art. Pers. aa. 22; ac. 22; ad. 22; 
 Art. Pers. b. 29. ustacanam (Foy) Art. Sus. c. 5-6 + + + ca- 
 nam. 
 
 us, ‘ear’: Dar. NRb. 37 Tolman reads usibi[y]a, instr. du., instead 
 of usaibi[y]a, Weissbaeh Phot.,' and interprets ‘with ability 
 to understand aright based on a similar use of the word 
 in Avestan; cf. Y. 62. 4. 
 
 usabari (Jackson, King-Thompson; see Tolman Lex. p. 78): us- 
 abarim Bh. 1. 86-87. 
 
 uska, ‘(b'y land’: uskahya Dar. Pers. e. 13. 
 
 uzma, ‘cross’: uzmaya (post-pos. a) Bh. 2. 76, 91; Bh. 3. 52, 92 
 + + + + a * 
 
 K 
 
 ka, particle, see Tolman Lex. p. 79: Bh. 4. 37, 41, [67], 70, [87]. 
 
 ka, ‘who?’, with -ciy, ‘any’: kasciy Bh. 1 . 49, 53. cisciyBh.l. 53. 
 
 kaufa, ‘mountain’: kaufa Bh. 1. 37; Bh. 3. 44. 
 
 katpatuka, ‘Cappadocia’: katpatuka Bh. 1. 15-16; Dar. Pers. e. 
 12; Dar. NRa. 28. 
 
 kan, ‘dig’: ka"tanaiy Dar. Sz. c. 9; Xerx. Van. 21. akaniy Dar. 
 Sz. c. 10. 
 
 with prefix niy: nika n tuv Bh. 4. 80. 
 
 with prefix viy (visan-, see Tolman Lex. p. 80): vikanahy 
 
 Bh. 4. 71, 73. vikanah(i)- Bh. 4. 77. viyaka 11 Bh. 1 . 64. 
 
 ka n pada (ka'^aMa Foy), pr. n. : ka n pada Bh. 2. 27. 
 
 kapisakani, pr. n.: kapisakanis Bh. 3. 60-61. 
 
 ka n bujiya, ‘Cambyses’: ka n bujiya Bh. 1. 28, 30-31 ka n b + + + + , 
 31, 32, 33, 43. ka n bujiyam Bh. 1. 45, 46. ka n bujiya Bh. 1. 
 40. ka n bujiyahya Bh. 1. 29, 30, 39. 
 
16 
 
 INDEX YERBORUU 
 
 kama, ‘desire’: kama Bh. 4. 35-36; Bh. 5. [17], 29 + ama, [33]; 
 Dar. XRa. 38; Dar. XRb. 12, 27; Dar. Sz. c. [12]. 
 
 kamna, ‘few’: kamnam (kamnama Foy; kamna-ma Tolman) Bh. 2. 
 19. kamnaibis Bh. 1. 56; Bh. 2. 2, 71; Bh. 3. 41, 71-72. 
 
 kar, ‘do’: kunautiy OYeissbach Phot.) Dar. XRb. 24-25. kunav- 
 ahy Bh. 4. 75, 79. kunautuv Bh. 4. 76. akunavam Bh. 1. 62, 
 63, 68, 72, 87; Bh. 2. 20, 76, 83, 91; Bh. 3. 31-32, 52, 85; 
 Bh. 4. 3-4, 6, [36], 40, 41, 45 akuna + + , 59, 60, 65, 89; 
 Bh. 5. 2 aku + + 8-9, 17, 29 + + unavam, 33; Xerx. Pers. 
 
 aa. 13, 14; ab. 13, 14; ac. 13, 14; ad. 13, 14; Xerx. Pers. 
 
 b. 27; Xerx. Pers. da. 17; db. 25; Dar. XRa. 49-50, 51 
 akuna + + ; Dar. Sus. a. 4; Art. Ham. 7 (Bartholomae; see 
 akuna below), akunaus Bh. 2. 23, 85, 96 + kunau + ; Bh. 3. 
 5, 16, 57; Bh. 4. 10 akunau + , 12, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, 
 31, 34, 35; Bh. 5. 10 + kuna + + , 16 a + + + + + (auramazdam 
 Weissbach) ; Dar. Pers. a. 6; Xerx. Pers. aa. 4, 15; ab. 4, 
 15; ac. 4, 15; ad. 4, 15; Xerx. Pers. b. 8; Xerx. Pers. ca. 
 4, 11; cb. 6-7, 19; Xerx. Pers. da. 6; db. 8; Art. Pers. 
 aa. 6; ac. 6; ad. 6; Art. Pers. b. 8; Dar. XRa. 5-6, 34; 
 Dar. XRb. 3 + + u + + + ; Xerx. Sus. 2 + kunaus; Dar. Sz. 
 
 c. 3; Dar. Elv. 8; Xerx. Elv. 9; Xerx. Van. 7, 20, 23. 
 akunas Al't. Sus. a. 3-4. akuna (ma) (=akunauma? Tolman; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 81) Art. Ham. [5], 7. akunava" Bh. 2. 
 34, 39, 45, 54, 59; Bh. 3. 37, 44, 61, 66; Dar. XRa. 20-21 
 + kunava n , 37 (Bartholomae, Tolman; confirmed by Weiss- 
 bach Phot.). akuma Bh. 1. 90 akum + , 94, 96 + + uma; 
 Bh. 2. 68, 70; Xerx. Pers. aa. 17; ab. 17; ac. 17; ad. 17. 
 caxriya Bh. 1 . 50. cartanaiy Bh. 1 . 94; Bh. 2. 33, 38-39, 44, 
 53, 5S, 67 ; Bh. 3. 36, 43-44, 60, 65-66. akunava n ta Bh. 3. 
 12; Bh. 5. 6 + + + + + ta. akunavaya n ta (Bartholomae, for 
 akunavyata; see Tolman Lex. p. 81) Bh. 1. 20, 24. akuta 
 Bh. 1. 47. akariya'ha (instead of asariyata; see Tolman Lex. 
 p. 81) Bh. 3. 92. karta Dar. Pers. c. karta Art. Pers. aa. 
 23, 26; ac. 23, 26; ad. 23, 26; Art. Pers. b. 31, 35. kartam 
 (nom.) Bh. 1. 27; Bh. 2. 27, 37, 42 ka + + + , 47, 57, 62, 92, 
 98; Bh. 3. 8-9, 10, 19, 21, 40, 47, 53, 64, 69, 76; Bh. 4. 2, 
 42, 46-47, 49, 51-52, 52, 54; Xerx. Pers. aa. 14, 15-16, 19, 
 20; ab. 14, 15-16, 19, 20; ac. 14, 15-16, 19, 20; ad. 14, 15- 
 16, 19, 20; Xerx. Pers. b. 23, 25, 30; Xerx. Pers. ca. 13, 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 17 
 
 14; cb. 22, 24; Xerx. Pers. da. 19; db. 28; Dar. NRa. 48- 
 49; Dar. NRb. 6kar + + *, 29*, 48; Xerx. Van. [27]. 
 kartam (acc.) Dar. NRa. 51. 
 
 *Case not evident from mutilated text. 
 
 kara, ‘people’, ‘army’: kara Bh. 1. 33, 40, 50, 79, 85; Bh. 2. 16, 
 18, 25, 27 + + ra, 30-31, 35, 40, 46, 50, 55, 60, 75-76, 87, 
 90, 94; Bh. 3. 3, 17, 26, 32, 38, 45, 59, 62, 67, 81; Bh. 4. 
 92 + ara; Dar. Pers. e. 22. karam Bh. 1. 51, 52, 66, 78, 
 86, 88, 95; Bh. 2. 19, 20-21, 25, 35 + aram, 41, 46, 55, 61, 
 
 68, 72, 81, 83-84, 87, 97 kara + ; Bh. 3. 1-2, 4, 7, 15, 17, 
 
 29, 38, 42, 46, 55, 58, 62, 67, 84, 85; Bh. 4. 34; Bh. 5. 7 
 
 ka + + ; Dar. Pers. e. 21. kara Bh. 1. 93; Bh. 2. 22, 67, 
 
 85, 95 + + + a; Bh. 3. 15-16, 33, 36, 73, 86-87; Bh. 5. 9 
 + + + a, 21 + + + a; Dar. Pers. e. 8-9. karahya Bh. 1. 31-32 
 karahy+, 38, 64, 75; Bh. 2. 10, 15, 80; Bh. 3. 24, 70, 80 
 + arahya; Bh. 4. 54 (Tolman; sa + + + + Iving-Thompson; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 27, n. 2), 55, 58 + ara + + + . 
 
 karka, pr. n. : karka Dar. XRa. 30. 
 
 karsa, ‘karsha-weight’: karsa Dar. Weight Inscr. 1. 
 
 kuganaka, pr. n. : kuganaka Bh. 2. 9. 
 
 ku n duru, pr. n. : ku n d u rus Bh. 2. 65, 
 
 kuru, ‘Cyrus’: kurus Murghab 1. kuraus Bh. 1. 28, 39, 53; Bh. 
 3. 25; Bh. 4. 9 + + raus, 27-28; Bh. b. 5-6; Bh. h. 6-7. 
 
 kusiya, pr. n.: kusiya Dar. NRa. 30. 
 
 X 
 
 xarsadasya? (xisyarsa, ‘Xerxes’, Justi; see Tolman Lex. p. 83): 
 Seal Inscr. e. 1-2-3. 
 
 XS, ideogram for xsaya#iya,q. v. : XS Dar. Pers. b; Xerx. Pers. ca. 
 6 ter , 7, 10, 11; cb. 10 ter , 12, 16, 18; Dar. Sus. a. [1 bis\ 
 [2], 3; Art. Sus. a. 1 quater\ Art. Sus. b. ter\ Dar. Sz. b. 
 1, [2 bis\, [3]; Dar. Sz. c. 5 ter , [5], 7; Art. Ham. 1 bis, 
 [lfo's]; Dar. Seal; Xerx. Vases; Art. Vases. x5m Xerx. 
 
 2 
 
18 
 
 INDEX VERB OREM 
 
 Pers. ca. 4, 5; cb. C, 7-8. xSyam Dar. Sz. c. 3. x§hya 
 Dar. Pers. c; Xerx. Pers. ca. 9, 14; cb. 14-15, 23-24; Art- 
 Sus. a. 1, 2 Ms, 3; Art. Sus. b; Art. Ham. 2, 3, [3], 4. 
 xSyahya Dar. Sz. c. 3. XSanam Xerx. Pers. ca. 6; cb. 10. 
 xsyanam Dar. Sus. a. 1 -f- + + na + ; Art. Sus. a. 1; Dar. 
 Sz. b. [2]; Dar. Sz. c. 5; Art. Ham. [1]. x§yana(sic; see 
 Tollman Lex. p. 49, n. 2) Art. Sus. b. 
 
 xsaflrita, pr. n. : xsaflrita Bh. 2. [15]; Bh. 4. 19 + sa + + ita; Bh. e. 6. 
 
 xsa# r a, ‘kingdom’: xsa0 r am (nom.) Bh. 1. 44, 45. xsa0 r am (acc.) 
 Bh. 1. 12, 25 Ms, 26, 41, 42-43, 50, 59, 60, 61, 80-81; Dar. 
 Pers. d. 3; Xerx. Pers. aa. 19; ab. 19; ac. 19; ad. 19: 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 29-30; Xerx. Pers. da. 19; db. 27; Dar. 
 Sz. c. 3-4; Xerx. Van. [27]; Art. Ham. [6]. 
 
 xsafl'apavan, ‘satrap’: xsa# r apava Bh. 3. 14, 56. 
 
 xsap, ‘night’: xsapa Bh. 1. 20. 
 
 xsayatfiya, ‘ king’: xsayaftya Bh. 1. 1, 1 xsayafli + , 2 Ms, 4, 6 xsa- 
 ya + + + , 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 24, 27, 27-28, 29, 35, 44, 
 48 Ms, 60, 61, 71-72, 72, 73, 75, 76 x + + + + + + , 81-82, 83, 
 90-91; Bh. 2. 1, 5-6, 8 x + + + + + + , 11, [11], 14, [17], 18, 
 29, 37 + + + ya + iya,‘ 43, 49, 57, 64, 66, 70-71, 78-79, 80, 
 91, 92 xsaya0 + ya; Bh. 3. 1, 9, 11, 20, 21-22, 28, 29, 40- 
 41, 49-50, 53, 54, 64, 69, 75, 76-77, 83, 83-84 + + aya0iya; 
 Bh. 4. 1, 3 xs + + + + ya, 5 x + + + + + + , 11, 17 + + + + &ya, 
 21-22, 25, 31, 33 + + + yafliya, 36-37, 37 x + + + + + + , 40, 
 43-44, 45-46, 50, 53 x + + yatfiya, 57 + + + + #iya; 59, 62, 67 
 Ms, 70, 72, 76-77, 80, 86-87, 87 xsaya + iya, 88; Bh. 5. 1 
 + saya0iya, 3-4, 14-15, 18 + + + + + iya, 20-21 xsaya + + + , 
 30-31, xsayafli + , 34 + + a + + + + ; Bh. a. 1, 1-2, 2, 2-3, 5, 
 9, 14; Bh. b. 6-7; Bh. c. 6-7-8; Bh. d. 6-7; Bh. e. 9; Bh. 
 f. 5-6-7; Bh. g. 6-7; Bh. h. 8-9; Bh. i. 9-10; Bh. j. 4-5; 
 Dar. Pers. a. 1, 2, 3; Dar. Pers. d. 5, 6, 12-13; Dar. Pers. 
 e. 1, 2, 3, 6, 19; Xerx. Pers. aa. 6’, 7 Ms, 8, 11, 18; ab. 
 6, 7 Ms, 8, 11, 18; ac. 6, 7 Ms, 8, 11, 17-18; ad. 6, 7 bis , 
 8, 11, 18; Xerx. Pers. b. 12, 13, 14-15, 16, 22; Xerx. 
 Pers. da. 9 Ms, 10, 11, 15; db. 12, 13, 14-15, 16, 22; Xerx. 
 Pers. ea. 1, 2; eb. 1, 2; Art. Pers. aa. 5-6*, 9 Ms, 10, 11, 
 
IXDEX VERBORVM 
 
 19 
 
 12-131, 14f, lot, 16+ , 17-18+ , 21-22, 24; ac. 5-6*, 8-0, 9, 
 10, 11, 12-13+ , 14+, 15+, 16+, IT-18+, 21-22, 24; ad. 5-6*, 
 0 Ms, 10, 11, 12-13+, 14+ , 15 + , 16 + , IT-18+, 21, 24; Art. 
 Pers. b. 7-8*, 11-12, 12-13, 14, 15, 16-1T+, 18+, 20+, 21- 
 22f, 23+ , 28, 32; Dar. NRa. 8, 9, 10, 11, 15-16 xs + ya0iya, 
 31, 34 xsa + + iya, 40 xsaya + iya, 48; Dar. NRb. 5-6; Dar. 
 Sus. b. [2], 3-4 + + a + + + +, 5-6 xsfiya + + +, 7 + + + yafliya; 
 Xerx. Sus. 1 xsaya(9i + , 2; Art. Sus. c. 2, [2], 3 xsaya + ++, 
 4; Dar. Kr. 1-2,, 2-3, 4-5, 5-6; Dar. Elv. 12-13, 13, 14-15, 
 16-17; Xerx. Elv. 12-13, 13-14, 14-15, 16; Xerx. Van. 10 
 Ms, 11, 12-13, 17, 17-18; Murghab 1-2; Dar. Weight 
 Inscr. 3-4; Art. Vase Berlin; Frag. Vases Susa + + aya0 ++ . 
 xsayafliyam Dar. Pers. d. 2-3; Xerx. Pers. aa. 4, 5; ab. 4, 
 5; ae. 4, 5; ad. 4, 5; Xerx. Pers. b. 7-8, 9-10; Xerx. Pers. 
 da. 5-6, 7; db. 7-8, 9-10; Art. Pers. aa. 7; ac. 7; ad. 7; 
 Art. Pers. b. 9; Dar. NRa. 5, 6-7, 33-34 + + + yafliyam ; 
 Dar. XRb. 4-5; Dar. Elv. 7-8, 9-10; Xerx. Elv. 8, 10; 
 Xerx. Van. 6, 7-8. xsayatfiyahya Bh. 3. 59; Dar. Pers. d. 
 10-11; Xerx. Pers. a. 10; Xerx. Pers. b. 19-20; Xerx. 
 Pers. da. 13-14; db. 19-20; Xerx. Pers. ea. 3-4; eb. 3-4; 
 Dar. XRc. 2; Dar. NRd. 1-2; Xerx. Elv. 19-20; Xerx. 
 Van. 15. xsaya&ya (nom.) Bh. 1. 8 (adj. nom. sg. f. Bar- 
 tholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 84) xsaya + + + + , 10, 10- 
 11; Bh. 4. 51 xsaya# + + + ; Bh. a. 13, 16, 1<-18. xsaya&ya 
 (ace.) Bh. 4. 7 xs + + + + + a, 32. xsaya0iyanam Bh. 1. 1-2 
 + + + + tfiyanam; Bh. a. 2; Dar. Pers. a. 2-3; Dar. Pers. e. 
 2-3; Xerx. Pers. aa. 7; ab. 7; ae. 7; ad. 7; Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 13-14; Xerx. Pers. da. 10; db. 13-14; Xerx. Pers. ea. 
 2-3; eb. 2-3; Art. Pers. aa. 10; ac. 10; ad. 10; Art. Pers. 
 b. 13; Dar. NRa. 9; Dar. Sus. b. 4-5 xsayafli + + + + + ; 
 Art. Sus. c. 2-3 + saya0iyanam; Dar. Kr. 3-4; Dar. Elv. 
 14; Xerx. Elv. 14; Xerx. Van. 11. See also xs. 
 
 *Nom. as acc. fNom. as gen. 
 
 xsayarsan, ‘Xerxes’: xsayarsa Xerx. Pers. aa. 6, 11, 17; ab. 6, 11, 
 17; ac. 6, 11, 17; ad. 6, 11, 17; Xerx. Pers. b. 11-12, 21- 
 22; Xerx. Pers. ca. 6, 9-10; cb. 9, 16; Xerx. Pers. da. 8-9, 
 15; db. 11-12, 21-22; Xerx. Pers. ea. 1; eb. 1; Art. Pers. 
 aa. 16*, 16-17; ac. 16*, 16-17; ad. 16*, 16-17; Art. Pers. 
 b. 21*, 22; Xerx. Sus. 1 (see Tolman Lex. p. 1); Xerx. 
 
20 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 Elv. 12; Xerx. Van. 9, 16; Xerx. Vases; Frag. Vases 
 Susa (see Tolman Lex. p. 58) xsayars + . xsayarsam Xerx. 
 Pers. aa. 4; ab. 4; ac. 4; ad. 4; Xerx. Pers. b. 7; Xerx. 
 Pers. ca. 4; cb. 6; Xerx. Pers. da. 5; db. 7; Xerx. Elv. 
 7-8; Xerx. Van. 6. xsayarsahya Art. Ham. 3x + + + + + + - 
 + +, 3-4 + + + + + sahyaf. xsayarcahya Art. Sus. a. 2, 2f. 
 
 *Nom. as gen. "(Gen. as nom. 
 
 xsi, ‘rule’. 
 
 with prefix patiy: patiyaxsayaiy (see Tolman Lex. p. 85) 
 
 Dar. NRa. 19. 
 
 with prefix upariy (Tolman; see Tolman Lex. p. 85): upa- 
 
 riyaxsayaiy Bh. 4. 64-65 upariy a + + + + + . 
 
 xsna, ‘ know ’ : xsnasahiy Dar. NRa. 42. xsnasatiy Bh. 1. 52. 
 
 G 
 
 gaifla, for proposed meanings see Tolman Lex. p. 85: gaiflam 
 Bh. 1. 65. 
 
 gaubruva, ‘Gobryas’: gaubruva Bh. 4. 84 + + + + uva; Bh. 5. 7, 9 
 + + bruva, 11 ga + + + uva; Dar. XRc. 1. 
 
 gaumata, pr. n.: gaumata Bh. 1. 36, 44, 46, 64, 65, 70; Bh. 4. 7; 
 Bh. b. 1-2. gaumatam Bh. 1. 49-50, 54, 57, 73; Bh. 4. 81. 
 
 gausa, ‘ear’: gausa Bh. 2. 74, S9. gausaya ? Dar. NRb. 53. 
 
 ga0u, ‘ place’: ga^um Dar. NRa. 41-42. ga^ava (see Tolman Lex. 
 p. 86; post-pos. a) Bh. 1. 62-63, 66, 69; Dar. NRa. 36. 
 
 ga n dara, pr. n. : ga”dara Bh. 1. 16; Dar. Pers. e. 18; Dar. NRa. 
 24-25. 
 
 ga n dutava (ga’’dumava Justi; see Tolman Lex. p. 86), pr. n. : ga n - 
 dum(?)ava Bh. 3. 66. 
 
 gam, 4 go ’. 
 
 with prefix a: ajamiya Dar. Pel’s, d. 19. 
 
 with prefix para: paragmata Dar. NRa. 44-45. 
 
 with prefix ham: ha'‘gmata (see Tolman Lex. p. 87) Bh. 2. 
 
 32, 38, 43, 52, 58; Bh. 3. 65. 
 
INDEX VERBORUH 
 
 21 
 
 garmapada, name of a month: garmapadahya Bh. 1. 42; Bh. 3. 7- 
 8, 46. 
 
 gasta, ‘repugnant’: gasta (nom. f.) Dar. NRa. 57-58. gasta (abl. 
 n.) Dar. NRa. 52 ga + + + (Weissbach); Art. Ham. [6] 
 (Weissbach-Bang). 
 
 gud, ‘conceal’. 
 
 with prefix apa: apagaudayahy Bh. 4. 55 + pa + + da + + + y, 
 
 57-58. apagaudaya Bh. 4. 54. 
 
 gub, ‘speak’: gaubataiy Bh. 2. 21, 31, 51, 84; Bh. 3. 15, 59. gau- 
 bataiy Bh. 3. 86 + ubataiy. agaubata Bh. 1. 84 aga + + + a, 
 93; Bh. 2. 66-67; Bh. 3. 35, 55 (written on the stone aga- 
 in:" ta), 89-90 agauba + + ; Bh. 4. 82 aga + + ta. agauba n ta 
 Bh. 2. 93 + + u + ta. 
 
 grab, ‘seize’: agarbayam Bh. 2. 4, 4 + + + + + + m; Bh. 4. 7,32; 
 Bh. 5. 25-26 agarb + + + , 27-28 agarb + + + ; Dar. NRa. 17 
 agarbaya + ; Dar. Sz. c. 8. agarbaya Bh. 2. 88; Bh. 3. 74; 
 Bh. 5. 12. agarbaya 11 Bh. 2. 13; Bh. 3. 48, 49. agarbayata 
 Bh. 1. 42, 43, 81; Bh. 3. 82-83. 
 
 with prefix a: agarblta (Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 
 
 88, also p. 14, n. 6) Bh. 2. 73 agarb! + . 
 
 C 
 
 ca (end.) ‘and’: Bh. 1. 65 ter , 66 + a, 66-67 + a; Bh. 5. 3 (Tol- 
 man) c + , [3] (Tolman); Dar. Pers. d. 9-10. 
 
 + + canam, mutilated word Art. Sus. c. 6; cf. ustasanam. 
 
 + casma, see uc a s 8 m a . 
 
 ci n cixri, pr. n. : ci n cixrais Bh. 2. 9. 
 
 cita, ‘so long’: Bh. 2. 48, 63. 
 
 ci0 r a, ‘lineage’: ariya ci^ r a Dar. NRa. 14-15. (See ariya.) 
 
 ci0 r a n taxma, pr. n.: ci^ r a n taxma Bh. 2. 79; Bh. 4. 20; Bh. g. 1-2. 
 ci0 r a n taxmam Bh. 2. 87-88. ci0 r a n taxma Bh. 2. 86. 
 
 dy, end. particle: aniyasciy Bh. 4. 46; Xerx. Pers. aa. 13; ab. 13; 
 ac. 13; ad. 13. avasciy Xerx. Pers. aa. 20; ab. 20; ac. 20; 
 
22 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 ad. 20; Xerx. Pers. ca. Id; cb. 24. kasciy Bh. 1. 49, 53. 
 cisciy Bh. 1. 53. paruvamciy Bh. 1. 63, 67$ 69 + + V. hauvciy 
 Dar. Pers. e. 23-24. 
 
 ciyakara, ‘how many’: ciyakaram Dar. NRa. 39. ciyakaram (Weiss- 
 bach Phot.) Dar. NRb. 51. 
 
 c a is a p a i (see Tolman Lex. p. 89), ‘Teispes’: cispis Bh. 1. [5]; Bh. 
 a. 8. cispais Bh. 1. 5-6. cispais Bh. a. 8. 
 
 J 
 
 jatar, ‘smiter’: jata (ja"ta Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 89) 
 Bh. 4. 58, 78. 
 
 jad, ‘pray’: jadiyamiy Dar. Pers. d. 21; Dar. NRa. 54. 
 
 jan, ‘smite’: ajanam Bh. 1. 89, 95; Bh. 2. 69; Bh. 4. 6-7. aja n Bh. 
 2. 26, 36, 41, 46 + ja n , 55, 61, 87, [98] ; Bh. 3. 7, 18, 39, 46, 
 63, 68, 88; Bh. 5. 11 (Weissbach). jata (or ja"ta; see Tolman 
 Lex. p. 90) Bh. 2. 21, 84; Bh. 3. 58, 86. jadiy Bh. 2. 31 
 + + iy, 51; Bh. 3. 15. 
 
 with prefix ava: avajata (avajata Gray; see Tolman Lex. p. 
 
 90) Bh. 1. 32. 
 
 with prefix ava -a: avajanam Bh. 1. 57, 59, 73, 83; Bh. 2. 
 
 5 avaja + + ; Bh. 4. 81; Bh. 5. 13 + + + janam, 25 + + ajanam, 
 [27]. avaja" Bh. 1. 31 bis\ Bh. 3. 75; Bh. 5. 11 (aja" Weiss- 
 bach) + + aja". avajana" Bh. 2. 13 + + iljana". avajaniya Bh. 
 1. 51, 52. 
 
 with prefix patiy: patiyajata Dar. NRa. 47. 
 
 with prefix fra: frajanam Bh. 2. 74, 89. 
 
 ji, ‘live’: jiva Bh. 4. 56, 75. 
 
 jiyamna (see Tolman Lex. p. 90), ‘end’: jiyamnam (jiyamanam 
 Hoffmann-Kutschke wrongly) Bh. 2. 62. 
 
 jiva, ‘living’: jlvahya Bh. 5. 19-20, 35. 
 
 T 
 
 tauma, ‘family’: tauma Bh. 1. 8; Bh. 4. 56, 58-59, 64, 74, 75 
 tau + + , 78 tau + a, 79 taum + ; Bh. 5. [19], 35 (Weissbach- 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 23 
 
 Bang 11 ) ta + + + ; Bh. a. 13. taumam Bh. 4. 87 (’vYeissbach ; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 74, s. v. ima). taumaya (abl.) Bh. 1. 
 61-62. taumaya (gen.) Bh. 1. 9 taumay + , 28-29, 45, 49; 
 Bh. 2. 16, 81; Bh. 4. 19-20, 22; Bh. a. 15; Bh. e. 8; Bh. 
 
 g. 10-11. 
 
 [tauman, ‘power’ (Bang; see Tolman Lex. p. 91): tauma. If 
 this word be dilferentiated from tauma ‘family’ (see above), 
 its places of occurrence are Bh. 4. 74, 78; Bh. 5. [19], 35 
 + + +•] 
 
 takabara, for proposed meanings see Tolman Lex. p. 91: takabara 
 Dar. NRa. 29. 
 
 taxmaspada, pr. n. : taxmaspada Bh. 2. 82, 85. 
 taxs, ‘ be active’. 
 
 — — . with prefix ham: hamataxsaiy Bh. 1. 68 hamatax + + + , 70. 
 hamataxsata Bh. 4. 65-66. hamataxsa n ta Bh. 4. 82. hamatax- 
 sataiy Dar. NRb. 16. 
 
 tacara, ‘palace': tacaram Dar. Pers. a. 6. 
 tar, ‘cross over’. 
 
 with prefix fra: fratarta Bh. 3. 26. 
 
 with prefix viy, pres, taraya-: viyatarayam Bh. 5. 24-25. 
 
 viyatarayama Bh. 1. 88. 
 
 taradraya, ‘across the sea’: Dar. NRa. 28-29 + radraya. 
 tarava, pr. n. : tarava Bh. 3. 22. 
 tigra, pr. n. : tigra Bh. 2. 39. 
 
 [tigra, ‘pointed’ (Oppert, Foy, Hoffmann-Kutschke; for dis- 
 cussion as to probability of this interpretation see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 93; also p. 31, n. 1, and p. 32, n. 4): tigram 
 Bh. 5. 22.] 
 
 tigra, ‘Tigris’: tigram Bh. 1. 85, 88; Bh. 5. 22. 
 
 tigraxauda, ‘with pointed cap’: tigraxauda Dar. NRa. 26; Dar. 
 NRxv tigraxa + + + . 
 
24 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 + + t n n n uv a t a m a (King-Thompson ; see Tolman Lex. p. 93, and p. 
 129 s. v. sakauri[m]): Bk. 4. 65. 
 
 t n riya (Weissbach), ‘fourth’: t u riyam Bh. 5. 2-3 t u + + + + m. 
 
 tuvam, ‘thou’: tuvam Bk. 4. 37, 41, 67, 70 + + vam, 87. 0uvam 
 Bh. 4. 43, 53, 55, 74. taiy (encl.) Bh. 4. 56 + iy, 58, 74, 
 75, 76, 78 bis , 79 bis; Dar. NRa. 43, 45, 57; Dar. NRb. 
 53. tay (encl.) Bh. 4. 58. 
 
 tya (pron.), ‘ that’: 1) Demonstrative: tyaiy Bh. 3. 73 t + iy. 
 
 2) Article: tya (nom.) Dar. NRa. 21. tyam Bh. 1. 50, 54, 57, 
 
 73, 89, 95; Bh. 2. 21, 25-26, 35, 41, 46, 55 t + + , 61, 69, 
 87, [97]; Bh. 3. 7, 18, 38, 46, 62-63, 67-68; Bh. 4. 81; Bh. 
 5. [12]. tyam Bh. 1. 69, 71; Bh. 4. 87; Dar. NRa. 59. 
 tya (acc.) Bh. 1. 81; Dar. Sz. c. 4 bis. tyaisam Dar. Pers. 
 e. 3-4. 
 
 3) Relative: tya (nom.) Bh. 1. [19], 27, 61, 67; Bh. 2. 91; Bh. 
 
 3. 10, 20, 53, 76; Bh. 4. 1-2, 42, [49], 53; Xerx. Pers. aa. 
 15, 19 bis; ab. 15, 19 bis; ac. 15, 19 bis; ad. 15, 19 bis; 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 23, 24, 30; Xerx. Pers. ca. 13 bis; cb. 21- 
 22, 22; Xerx. Pers. da. 19; db. 28; Art. Pers. aa. 26; ac. 
 26; ad. 26; Art. Pers. b. 35; Dar. NRa. 20, 48 t + ; Dar. 
 NRb. 48; Dar. Sz. c. 9, 10; Xerx. Van. 19, [27]. tyam 
 Bh. 3. 60, 70. tyam Bh. 4. 70-71, 89 + + am; Dar. Pers. 
 d. 7. tya (acc.) Bh. 1. 44, 72; Bh. 4. 3, 40, 59, 75, 79; 
 Bh. 5. 2 t + ; Xerx. Pers. aa. 14, 15; ab. 14, 15; ac. 14, 15; 
 ad. 14, 15; Dar. NRa. [36]; Dar. NRb. 7*, 8*, 22*, 46% 
 53*; Dar. Sus. a. 4*; Art. Sus. c. 6*; Art. Ham. 7. tyai- 
 Bh. 1. 57; Bh. 2. 77; Bh. 3. 48, 51, 74, 90 (Weissbach; 
 tya i King-Thompson), 91 t + + . tyaiy (nom.) Bh. 1. 9 
 + + + y, 15; Bh. 4. 50, 61, 63 tyai + , 80; Bh. 5. [22] (Foy; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 114, s. v. barataya); Bh. a. 15; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 13, 13-14; Dar. NRa. 28 tyai + , 41 tyai + . tya 
 (nom. f.) Bh. 1. 13, 18; Bh. 2. 6; Bh. 4. 33; Dar. Pers. e. 
 9, 14-15. tya (acc. f.) Dar. Pers. e. 7; Dar. NRa. 17, 40. 
 tya (n.) Bh. 1. 64, 65 (acc. n. pi. ?); Dar. NRb. 49*. ty a n a a 
 Bh. 1. 23 (tyana, instr., Weissbach; see Tolman Lex. p. 94). 
 
 *Case not evident from mutilated text. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 25 
 
 tya (conj.), ‘that’: Bh. 1. 32, 52; Bh. 4. 34. 
 
 © 
 
 #aigarci, name of a month: 0aigarcais Bh. 2. 46-47. 
 
 0 a k a t“a and 0 a k a t a m a , ‘ coming to an end’ (see Tolman Lex. p. 95): 
 Sakata Bh. 1. 38, 42, 56, 90, 96; Bh. 2. 26-27, 36, 42, 47, 
 56, 70, 98; Bh. 3. 19, 39-40, 47, 63, 68, 89 + + ta. flakatam 
 Bh. 3. 8. 
 
 0atagu, ‘Sattagvdia’: 0atagus Bh. 1. 17; Bh. 2. 7-8; Dar. Pers. 
 e. 17; Dar. NRa. 24. 
 
 0a n d, ‘seem’: tfadaya (Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 95) Bh. 
 4. 49 Oa + + + . #adaya Dar. NRa. 58. 0adayamaiy Dar. Sus. 
 a. 5 (lYeissbach-Bang; see Tolman Lex. p. 95). 
 
 0a.da.0a., uncertain word: Seal Inscr. b. 3. 
 
 0ard, for meaning see Tolman Lex. p. 96: 0arda Bh. 4. 4-5, 41, 
 45, 52, 60. #ardam Bh. 5. 2-3 (Tolman) + + + m, 3. 
 
 Oa h, ‘say’: 0atiy Bh. 1. 3 + atiy, 6, 8-9, 11, 12-13, 17, 20, 24, 26- 
 27, 35, 43, 48, 61, 71, 72, 81, 83, 90; Bh. 2. 1, [5], 8, 11, 
 13, 18, 29, 37, 42, 49, 57, 64, 70, 78, 91, 92; Bh. 3. 1, 9, 
 10, 19, 21, 28-29, 40, 49, 52-53, 54, 64, 69, 75, 76, 83; Bh. 
 4. 1, 2, 31 0a + iy, 33, 36, 40, 43, 45, 50, 52-53, 57, 59, 61, 
 67, 69, 72, 76, 80, 86, 88; Bh. 5. 1 0at + + , 14 0at + + , 18 
 0 + + + + , 20 + + + + y, 30 + + + + y, 33-34 0ati + ; Bh. a. 4, 9, 
 13-14; Dar. Pers. d. 5, 12; Dar. Pers. e. 5, 18; Xerx. 
 Pers. aa. 11, 17; ab. 11, 17; ac. 11, 17; ad. 11, 17; Xerx. 
 Pers. b. 21; Xerx. Pers. ca. 9; cb. 15-16; Xerx. Pers. da. 
 15; db. 21; Art. Pers. aa. 8, 21, 23; ac. 8, 21, 23; ad. 8, 
 21, 23; Art. Pers. b. 11, 27, 31; Dar. NRa. 15, 30, 47; 
 Dar. NRb. 5, 22; Dar. Sus. a. 3 + + tiy; Xerx. Sus. 1 (see 
 Tolman Lex. p. 1); Art. Sus. a. 1; Art. Sus. c. [1]; Dar. 
 Sz. c. 7; Xerx. Van. 16; Art. Ham. 1. a(9aham Bh. 2. 20 
 + + ham, 30, 50, 83; Bh. 3. 14, 85; Dar. NRa. 37. a0aha 
 Bh. 1. 75; Bh. 2. [10], 15, 80; Bh. 3. 25, 57-58; Bh. 4. 8, 
 11 a + + , 13, 16, 19, 21, 24, [27], 29; Bh. b. 4; Bh. c. 5; 
 Bh. d. 3; Bh. e. 5; Bh. f. 3; Bh. g. 4-5; Bh. h. 4; Bh. i. 
 
26 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 4; Bh. j. 3. #ahy Bh. 4. 54 + a + + (Tolman; + d + + Iving- 
 Thompson; see Tolman Lex. p. 27, n. 2), 55, 5S. 0astanaiy 
 Bh. 1. 53-54. 0ahyamahy Bh. 1. 7; Bh. a. 10-11. a^ a h a y a 
 (see Tolman Lex. p. 96) Bh. 1. 20, 23-24; Dar. NRa. 20. 
 
 0uxra, pr. n.: tfuxrahya Bh. 4. 83 0uxrah + a. 
 
 #uravahara, name of a month: ^uravaharahya Bh. 2. 36, 41 + + + + + - 
 harahya, 61; Bh. 3. 39. 
 
 0rah, ‘fear’: tarsatiy Dar. Pers. d. 11-12. atarsa Bh. 1. 50-51. 
 atarsa" Bh. 2. [12]; Bh. 5. [15] (King-Thompson); Dar. 
 Pers. e. 9. tarsam Dar. Pers. e. 21 + rsam. 
 
 © r 
 
 0 r i, ‘ lean’. 
 
 with prefix Iiiy: niya0 r arayam Bh. 1. 64. 
 
 0 r itiya, ‘third’: 0 r itlyam (Weisshach-Tolman; see Tolman Lex. 
 p. 30, n. 5) Bh. 5. 3 0 r + + + + + + . 0 r itiyam Bh. 2. 43. 
 
 D 
 
 da, ‘give’: dadatuv Dar. Pers. d. 23-24 dadatu + ; Dar. NRa. 55. 
 
 da, ‘put’: adada Dar. Pers. d. 3. ada Xerx. Pers. aa. 1-2, 2, 3 
 Ms; ab. 1-2, 2, 3 Ms; ac. 1-2, 2, 3 Ms; ad. 1-2, 2, 3 Ms; 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 3, 4, 5, 6; Xerx. Pers. ca. 2 Ms, 3 Ms; cb. 
 2, 3, 4, 5; Xerx. Pers. da. 2, 3, 1 Ms; db. 3, 4, 5, 6; Art. 
 Pers. aa. 2, 3, 4 Ms; ac. 2, 3, 4 Ms; ad. 2, 3, 4 Ms; Art. 
 Pers. b. 3, 4, 5, 5-6; Dar. NRa. 2, 3 Ms, 4; Dar. NRb. 1, 
 2; Dar. Sz. c. 1, 2 Ms, 2 ad + ; Dar. Elv. 3, 4, 5, 6; Xerx. 
 Elv. 3-4, 5, 5-6, 6; Xerx. Van. 3, 4 Ms, 5. 
 
 daiy (King-Thompson, for which Tolman proposes sis, Foy sim): 
 Bh. 5. 11. 
 
 daustar, ‘friend’: dausta Bh. 4. 56, 69, 74; NRb. 8 (Tolman com- 
 pares ‘ <^>tXos r/v rots <£i'Aots', Strabo 15. 3. 8). 
 
 data, ‘law’: datam Dar. NRa. 21. data Bh. 1. 23. 
 
INDEX VERBOKUM 
 
 27 
 
 d a t a s a ? doubtful reading of King-Thompson Bh. 4. 71-72, for 
 which Tolman proposes amata (ahy), Hoffmann-Kutschke 
 utava (ahy). 
 
 datuhya, pr. n.: datuhyahya Bh. 4. 85 + + + + hyahya. 
 
 dadarsi, pr. n.: 1) a Persian satrap: dadarsis Bh. 3. 13, 15. 
 
 2) an Armenian subject: dadarsis Bh. 2. 29, 31-32, 48. dadarsim 
 Bh. 2. 33, 38 + + + rsim, 44. 
 
 dan, ‘know’: adana Bh. 1. 51. 
 
 dan, ‘flow’: danuvatiy (danutaiy Bartholomae) Dar. Sz. c. 9 danu- 
 + + + +. (See Tolman Lex. p. 99.) 
 
 dar, ‘hold’: darayamiy Bh. 1. 26; Dar. NRb. 14 da + yamiy. ada- 
 raya Bh. 1. 85; Bh. 2. 9; Bh. 3. 23; Dar. NRa. 41. adarsiy 
 (see Tolman Lex. p. 99) Dar. Pers. e. 8. adariy Bh. 2. 75, 
 90; Dar. NRa. 22 (see Tolman Lex. p. 99). 
 
 with prefix ham: hamadarayaiy Bh. 1. 26 ha + dfirayai + . 
 
 daraya”ta (darayata Weissbach Phot.), see Tolman Lex. p. 99: 
 Dar. NRd. 2. 
 
 darayavau, 1) ‘Darius I’: darayavaus Bh. 1. 1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 17- 
 18, 20-21 + + + yavaus, 24, 27, 35, 44, 48, 61, 71, 73, 81, 
 83, 90; Bh. 2. 1, 5 + arayavaus, 8, 11 darayavau + , 13-14, 
 18, 29, 37 da + + vau + , 42-43, 49, 57, 64, 70, 78, 91 daray- 
 ava + s, 92; Bh. 3. 1, 9, 10-11, 19-20, 21, 29, 40, 49, 53, 54, 
 64, 69, 75, 76, 83 da + + + u + ; Bh. 4. 1 daraya + + + , 2-3, 
 31, 33 daraya + + + , 36, 40 da + + va + + , 43, 45, 50, 53, 57, 
 59, 61-62, 67, 69-70, 72, 76, 80 da + yavaus, 86, 88; Bh. 5. 
 1 + arayava + + , 14 + + rayavaus, 18 + + + vau + , 20, 30, 
 
 [34]; Bh. a. 1, 4-5, 9, 14; Dar. Pers. a. 1; Dar. Pers. b; 
 Dar. Pers. d. 4-5, 5, 12; Dar. Pers. e. 1, 5-6, 19; Xerx. 
 Pers. ca. 11; cb. 18; Art. Pers. aa. 17*, 18; ac. 17*, 18; 
 ad. 17*, 18; Art. Pers. b. 22-23*, 24; Dar. NRa. 8, 15, 30- 
 31, 40 daraya + us, 47-48; Dar. NRb. 5; Dar. Sus. a. [1], 
 3; Dar. Sus. b. [1-2]; Xerx. Sus. 2 + arayavaus (see Tol- 
 man Lex. p. 1); Art. Sus. a. 3; Dar. Sz. a. d + ra + vau + ; 
 Dar. Sz. b. 1 + + + yavaus; Dar. Sz. c. 4, 7 dara + vaus; 
 
28 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 Dar. Kr. 1; Dar. Elv. 12; Xerx. Van. 17; Dar. Seal; 
 Dar. Weight Inscr. 2-3. darayavaum Dar. Pers. d. 2; Dar. 
 NRa. 5; Dar. NRb. 4 + + + + vaum; Dar. Sz. c. 3; Dar. 
 Elv. 7. darayavahaus Bh. 3. 58-59; Dar. Pers. c; Dar. Pers. 
 d. 10; Xerx. Pers. aa. 9-10; ab. 9-10; ac. 9-10; ad. 9-10; 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 19; Xerx. Pers. ca. 8-9, 14; cb. 14, 23; 
 Xerx. Pers. da. 13; db. 19; Xerx. Pers. ea. 3; eb. 3; Dar. 
 NRc. 1-2; Dar. NRd. 1; Dar. Sz. c. 3 d + rayavahaus; 
 Xerx. Elv. 19; Xerx. Van. 14-15. darayavausahya Art. 
 Sus. a. 2-3, 3f. darayavasahya Art. Ham. 4, [4] f . 
 
 2) ‘Darius H’: darayavaus Art. Pers. aa. 13-14*, 14; ac. 13-14*, 
 14; ad. 13-14*, 14; Art. Pers. b. 18*, 19; Art. Sus. b*. 
 darayavausahya Art. Sus. a. 1, l-2f. darayavasahya Art. Ham. 
 
 2, [2]f. 
 
 *Nom. as gen. fGen. as nom. 
 
 dargam, ‘long’: Bh. 4. 56, 75. 
 dars, ‘dare’: adarsnaus Bh. 1. 53. 
 
 darsam, ‘mightily’: Bh. 4. 37; Dar. NRb. 7 bis*, 14, 15, 50. 
 
 *Word uncertain from mutilated text. 
 
 darsman, ‘boldness’: darsma" (Bartholomae; darsam Weissbach; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 100) Bh. 1. 50. 
 
 dasta, ‘hand’: dastaya (post-pos. a) Bh. 4. 35; Bh. 5. [16]. das- 
 taibiya (Weissbach Phot.; instr. du.) Dar. NRb. 41 (Tol- 
 man compares . . ava zasti . . . darayaSwam . .’ . hvarstanam 
 syao^nanam varazai, ‘ apply the hands to perform right ac- 
 tions ’, Vr. 15. 1). 
 
 dahyu, ‘province’: dahyaus Bh. 1. 59; Bh. 2. 28, 53, 59, 72; Bh. 
 
 3. 9, 11, 20, 23, 66, 75, 79-80 + hyaus; Bh. 4. 39; Bh. 5. 
 4 + hyaus, 13-14, 29-30 dah + + + + ; Dar. Pers. d. 6. da- 
 hyaum Dar. Pers. d. 15, 18; Dar. NRa. 53. DAHyum Art. 
 Pers. aa. 26; ac. 26; ad. 26; Art. Pers. b. 34. dahyauva 
 (post-pos. a) Bh. 1. 34 (dahyuva V eissbach). dahyava (nom.) 
 Bh. 1. 13, 17, 18, 23, 41; Bh. 2. [6]; Bh. 4. 33; Dar. Pers. 
 e. 7, 14; Dar. NRa. 17, 39. dahyava (acc.) Bh. 1. 21, 47, 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 29 
 
 67; Bh. 4. 92 dahya + . dahyunam Bh. 1. 2 dah + + + + + ; 
 Bh. a. 3; Dar. Pers. a. 4; Dar. Pers. e. 3; Xerx. Pers. 
 aa. 7-8; ab. 7-8; ac. 7-8; ad. 7-8; Xerx. Pers. b. 15; Xerx. 
 Pers. ca. 7; cb. 11; Xerx. Pers. da. 10-11; db. 15; Dar. 
 NRa. 10; Dar. Sus. a. [2]; Dar. Sus. b. 6-7 dahyuna+; 
 Art. Sus. c. 3-4 + + + + + am; Dar. Sz. b. [2-3]; Dar. Sz. 
 c. 5; Dar. Kr. 5; Dar. Elv. 15; Xerx. Elv. 15; Xerx. 
 Van. 11-12. DAHyunam Art. Pers. aa. 11; ac. 11; ad. 11; 
 Art. Pers. b. 14; Art. Sus. a. 1; Art. Ham. [1]. dahyusu- 
 va Bh. 1. 35. 
 
 di, ‘it dim Dar. NRa. 33. dis Bh. 1. 65; Bh. 4. 34 di + , 35 di + , 
 36 di + , 73, 74, 77, 78; Bh. 5. 17, 33 + + s; Dar. NRa. 21 
 di + , [42]. (Enclitic in all places except Bh. 4. 34, 35, 36.) 
 
 di, ‘see’: didiy (see Tolman Lex. p. 101) Dar. NRa. 41. 
 
 di, ‘injure’: adlnam Bh. 1. 59. adina Bh. 1. 44-45, 46, 66. dltam 
 Bh. 1. 50. 
 
 dida, ‘stronghold’: dida Bh. 1. 58; Bh. 2. 39, 44; Bh. 3. 61, 72. 
 didam Bh. 2. 78. 
 
 dipi, ‘inscription’: dipim Bh. 4. 42 dipi + , 48, 70, 73 cli + + + , 77; 
 Xerx. Van. 22, 24. dipiya (post-pos. a) Bh. 4. 47 d 1 + p + + a. 
 Uncertain mutilated forms: dipi- Bh. 4. 89, 91-92; -ipi- Bh. 
 4. 90. 
 
 dubala, pr. n. : dubaia Bh. 3. 79. 
 
 duraiy, ‘far’: Xerx. Pers. aa. 9; ab. 9; ac. 9; ad. 9; Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 18; Xerx. Pers. ca. 8; cb. 13; Xerx. Pers. da. 13; db. 
 18; Dar. NRa. 44; Dar. Sz. c. 6; Dar. Elv. 18;- Xerx. 
 Elv. 18; Xerx. Van. 14. (With apiy in all places except 
 Dar. NRa. 44.) 
 
 diiraiapiy (see Tolman Lex. p. 101) Dar. NRa. 12. durayapiy 
 (duray alone, Weissbach; see Tolman Lex. p. 101) Dar. 
 NRa. 46. 
 
 duruj, ‘lie’: adurujiya Bh. 1. 39 + durujiya, 78; Bh. 3. 80; Bh. 4. 
 8 + + urujiya, 10-11, 13, 16 + + u + + + iya, 18, 21 + + + ruji- 
 
30 
 
 IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 ya, 24 a + u + ujiya, 26-27, 29; Bh. b. 2-3; Bh. c. 2-3; Bh. 
 d. 2; Bh. e. 3-4; Bh. f, 1-2; Bh. g. 2-3; Bh. h. 2-3; Bh. 
 i. 2-3; Bh. j. 2-3. adurujiyasa 11 Bh. 4. 34-35. duruxtam 
 (nom.) Bh. 4. 44-45. duruxtam (acc.) Bh. 4. 49-50. 
 
 duruva, ‘secure’: duruva Bh. 4. 39. 
 
 duvaistam, ‘very long’: Dar. Pers. e. 23 duvais + m. 
 
 duvara, ‘door’: duvaraya (post-pos. a) Bh. 2. 75, 89. 
 
 duvarfli, ‘portico’: duvartfim Xerx. Pers. aa. 12; ab. 12; ac. 12; 
 ad. 12. 
 
 duvitaparanam (Tolman; duvitaparnam Weissbach; for full discus- 
 sion see Tolman Lex. p. 102): Bh. 1. 10; Bh. a. 17. 
 
 duvitlya, ‘second’: duvitiyam Bh. 2. 37-3S, 57; Bh. 3. 77. duvitl- 
 yama (duvitlya-ma Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 102) 
 Bh. 3. 24. duvitiyam Bh. 5. 2 (Tolman) + + + + tlyam ( ++ - 
 + + tiya a King-Thompson). 
 
 dusiyara, ‘bad harvest’: dusiyaram Dar. Pers. d. 19-20. dusiyara 
 Dar. Pers. d. 17. 
 
 drauga, ‘the Lie’: drauga Bh. 1. 34; Bh. 4. 34; Dar. Pers. d. 20. 
 drauga Bh. 4. 3<; Dar. Pers. d. li-18. 
 
 draujana, ‘deceiving’: draujana Bh. 4. 38 + + + jana, 63, 68. 
 
 draujiya, ‘regard as a lie’: draujlyaiiy (Bartholomae; see Tolman 
 Lex. p. 104) Bh. 4. 43 + + + + Iyahy. 
 
 drayah, ‘sea’: draya Bh. 5. 23; Dar. Sz. c. 10. drayahya (post- 
 pos. a; daryahya Hoffmann-Kutschke wrongly) Bh. 1. 15; 
 Dar. Pers. e. 14. 
 
 N 
 
 naiba, ‘ beautiful’: naiba Dar. Pers. d. 8. naibam Xerx. Pers. aa. 
 13, 16; ab. 13, 16; ac. 13-14, 16; ad. 13-14, 16; Xerx. 
 Van. 20. 
 
IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 31 
 
 naiy (nai-), ‘not’: naiy Bh. 1. [32], 48, 49 ter, 52, 53, 71, [91]; 
 Bh. 2. 21, 24, 31, 51, 84; Bh. 3. 15, 86; Bh. 4. 44, 47 bis, 
 51, 55, 58, 63 bis , 63-64, [64], 65, [65], 73, 78 + + y; Bh. 
 5. 31; Dar. Pers. d. 11; Xerx. Van. 22. nai- Bh. 4. 49, 
 64 + i. 
 
 nadi D tabaira, ‘Mdintu-Bel nadi"tabaira Bh. 1. 77, 92-93 + di n ta- 
 baira; Bh. 2. 1; Bh. 4. 12 + di n tabaira; Bh. d. 1. nadfl'ta- 
 bairam Bh. 1. SO, 84; Bh. 2. 4 nadi n taba + + + , 5. nadi“ta- 
 bairahya Bh. 1. 85, 89, 95. 
 
 napat, ‘grandson’: napa Bh. 1. 3; Bh. a. 4. 
 
 nabukudracara, ‘ Nebuchadrezar ’: nabukudracara Bh. 3. 80-81, 89 
 + + + + ^dracara; Bh. 4. 14 nabukudra + +, 29-30; Bh. d. 
 3-4; Bh. i. 5-6 (written on the stone nabukuracara). nabuk"- 
 dracara Bh. 1. 78-79, 84, 93. 
 
 nabunaita, ‘Nabonidus’: nabunaitahya Bh. 1. 79. nabunaitahya Bh. 
 3. 81; Bh. 4. 14, 30 + + + naitahya; Bh. d. 5-6; Bh. i. 7-8. 
 
 naman, ‘name’: nama Bh. 1. 28, 30, 36, 37, 74, 77, 92; Bh. 2. 8- 
 9, 9 na + , [14], 19, 22, 29, 33, 49, 65, 79, 82, 95; Bh. 3. 
 5, 12, 13, 22 bis , 31, 34, 44, 51, 56, 78, 84; Bh. 4. 8, 10, 
 12-13, 15-16, 18, 20, 23, 26, 29, 83 na +, 83 + ama, 84 bis , 
 85, [86]; Bh. 5. 5, 8, 27; Art. Pers. aa. 19, 20; ac. 19, 20; 
 ad. 19, 20; Art. Pers. b. 25, 26; Dar. Sz. c. 9; Seal Inscr. 
 a. 2-3. nama (see Tolman Lex. p. 105) Bh. 1. 58, 58-59; 
 Bh. 2. 27-28, 39, 44 na + a, 53, 59, 72; Bh. 3. 11, 23, 61, 
 66, 72, 79; Bh. 5. [4]. 
 
 [nav, ‘ship’: nava (Tolman) Dar. Sz. c. [11].] 
 
 navama, ‘ninth’: navama Bh. 1. 10; Bh. a. 16-17. 
 
 naviya (see Tolman Lex. p. 105), ‘ fleet’: naviya Bh. 1. 86. 
 
 nas or na$, 4 injure ’. 
 
 with prefix vi: viyanasaya (viyana^aya Foy) Bh. 4. 66 viyan- 
 
 a + ya. vina^ayais Dar. NRb. 20 (so Tolman, who interprets 
 as 2 pers. opt. instead of vina#ayaisa Weissbach Phot.). 
 
 nah, ‘nose’: naham Bh. 2. 74, 88-89. 
 
32 
 
 IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 niy, vbl. prefix, ‘ down with ar, kan, 0 T i, pis, sta, had. 
 
 ni, ‘lead’: anaya Bh. 2. 88; Bh. 3. [88] (Tolman); Bh. 5. 12. 
 anayata Bh. 1. 82; Bh. 2. 73; Bh. 5. [26]. 
 
 with prefix fra (see Tolman Lex. p. 106): franayam Bh. 
 
 1. 87. 
 
 nij, vbl. prefix, ‘away’, with i. 
 
 nipadiy, ‘in pursuit of* (Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 106): 
 Bh. 2. 73; Bh. 3. 73 nipadi + . 
 
 nisaya, pr. n. : nisaya Bh. 1. 58. 
 
 nuram, ‘now': Bh. 4. 53. 
 
 nyaka, ‘grandfather’: nyakam Art. Sus. a. 4 + + + kam. 
 
 P 
 
 pa, ‘protect’: padiy Dar. Pers. e. 21-22. patuv Dar. Pers. d. 16; 
 Xerx. Pers. aa. 18, 20; ab. 18, 20; ac. 18, 20; ad. 18, 20; 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 28; Xerx. Pers. ca. 12, 15; cb. 20-21, 25; 
 Xerx. Pers. da. 18; db. 26; Art. Pers. aa. 25; ac. 25; ad. 
 25; Art. Pers. b. 33-34; Dar. NRa. 52; Xerx. Van. 25-26 
 + atu + . pata Dar. Pers. e. 22. 
 
 with prefix patiy: patipayauva Bh. 4. 38. 
 
 pa n cama (Weissbach), ‘fifth': pa n camam Bh. 5. 3 pa n + + + + . 
 
 paisiyauvada, pr. n. : paisiyauvadam Bh. 3. 42. paisiyauvadaya Bh. 
 1. 36-37 paisi + + uvadaya. 
 
 pat, ‘ fly 
 
 with prefix ud: udapatata Bh. 1. 36, 38, 74 udapata + + , 78; 
 
 Bh. 2. 10, 14-15; Bh. 3. 24, 79. 
 
 patiy, 1) prep, post-pos., ‘at’:' (a) With acc. : patiy Bh. 2. 62; 
 Bh. 5. 2 (Weissbach; but preceding the noun) +tiy. pati- 
 Bh. 1. 20. (b) With instr. : Bh. 2. [16]; Bh. 3. 26. (c) 
 
 With loc.: Bh. 2. 76. 91 pati + ; Bh. 3. 52, 91. 
 
 2) vbl. prefix, ‘at’, with avahya, i, xsi, jan, pa, fras, bar (with a). 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 33 
 
 patiy, ‘again’: Bh. 2. 37, 43, 57; Bh. 3. 64, 77; Xerx. Pers. 
 (encl.)aa. 15; ab. 15; ac. 15; ad. 15; Dar. NRa. 38 (end.). 
 
 patikara, ‘picture’: patikara Bh. 4. 71, 73, 77; Dar. NRa. 41. 
 
 patigrabana, pr. n. : patigrabana Bh. 3. 4-5. 
 
 patipada, ‘in its own place’: patipadam Bh. 1. 62. 
 
 patis, ‘against’: Bh. 1. 93; Bh. 2. 38 + tis, 43-44, 52-53, 58, 67; 
 Bh. 3. 36, 43, 65. 
 
 patisuvari, ‘Patischorian’: patisuvaris Dar. NRc. 1. 
 pad, ‘path’: padm Dar. NRa. 58. 
 
 pada, ‘foot’: padaibiya (Weissbach Phot.; instr. du.) Dar. NRb. 
 41 (Tolman compares ava pa So ava zasta ava usi darayaSwam . 
 
 . . hvarstanam syao^nanam varazai, ‘ apply the feet, the hands, 
 the ears to perform right deeds ’, Vr. 15. 1). 
 
 paya: Seal Inscr. d (Weissbach-Bang); see vahyav'sdapaya. 
 
 para, 1) prep, post-pos., ‘along’, in avapara. 
 
 2) vbl. prefix, ‘ forth’, with ar, i, gam, bar. 
 
 para, ‘after’, in compound hyaparam, q. v. 
 
 paranam, ‘formerly’ (see Tolman Lex. p. 109): Bh. 1. 51. 
 
 pariy 1) prep., ‘about’: Bh. 1. 54. 
 
 2) vbl. prefix, ‘about’, with bar. 
 
 paru, ‘many’: paruv Bh. 4. 49. parunam Dar. Pers. e. 4; Xerx. 
 Pers. aa. 5 Ms; ab. 5 Ms; ac. 5 Ms; ad. 5 Ms; Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 9, 10; Xerx. Pers. ca. 4-5, 5; cb. 7, 8; Xerx. Pers. da. 
 6-7, 7-8; db. 9, 10; Dar. Elv. 9, 10; Xerx. Elv. 9-10, 11; 
 Xerx. Van. 7, 8. p a r u uv a n a am a Art. Pers. aa. 6, 7; ac. 6, 
 7; ad. 6, 7; Art. Pers. b. 8-9, 10; Dar. NRa. 6, 7. See 
 also S. V. paruzana. 
 
 paruva, 1) ‘former’: paruva Bh. 4. 51. 
 
 2) 6 eastern’: paruvaiy Dar. Pers. e. 15 p a r a u + iy\ 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 paruvam, ‘formerly’: Bh. 1. 9 + ruvam, 63, 67, 69 + + uvam; 
 Bh. a. 15-16. 
 
 paruviyata, ‘ from long ago’ (with haca): Bh. 1. 7 p.aruv + ++ , 
 8, 15; Bh. a. 11, 12. 
 
 paruzana, ‘containing many kinds of people’: paruzananam Dar. 
 Elv. 15-16; Xerx. Elv, 15-16. paruvzananam Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 15-16; Xerx. Pers. da. 11; db. 15-16. paruv zananam 
 Xerx. Pers. aa. 8; ab. 8; ac. 8; ad. 8; Xerx. Pers. ca. 7; 
 cb. 11-12; Xerx. Van. 12. 
 
 parga, pr. n. : parga Bh. 3. 44. 
 
 partara, ‘ foe’: partaram (Weissbach Phot.) Dar. NRa. 47. 
 
 partfava 1) ‘ Parthia ’: partfava Bh. 1. 16; Bh. 2. 7 + + 0ava, 92; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 15; Dar. NRa. 22. parflavaiy Bh. 2. [94], [96]; 
 Bh. 3. 5, 10. 
 
 2) ‘ Parthian ’: partfava Dar. XRiv. parflavaibis Bh. 2. 96 par 0a- 
 vaibi + . 
 
 < 
 
 parsa, 1) ‘Persia’: parsa Bh. 1. 14, 41; Bh. 2. 7; Dar. Pers. d. 
 6-7. parsam Bh. 1. 46, 66; Bh. 3. 33, 34; Bh. 4. 9, 28 ++ - 
 + sam; Dar. Sz. c. 12 par + in. parsa (instr. ) Dar. Pers. e. 
 8; Xerx. Pers. aa. 14; ab. 14; ac. 14; ad. 14. parsa (abl.) 
 Dar. NRa. 18, 46-47; Dar. Sz. c. 7-8 pa + + a, 10. parsaiy 
 Bh. 1. 2, 34; Bh. 2. [9]; Bh. 3. 23, 24, 28, 34, 52, 53, 77 
 parsai + ; Bh. a. 2. 
 
 2) ‘ Persian’: parsa Bh. 1. 49; Bh. 2. 18, 19, 49; Bh. 3. 13, 26, 
 31, 32, 56, 84 pa ++ ; Bh. 4. 16, 26, 83 par + , 84, 84 + arsa, 
 85 bis , 86; Bh. 5. [8]; Dar. Pers. e. 22; Dar. NRa. 13, 46; 
 Dar. NRi; Dar. Sz. c. 7 + arsa. parsam Bh. 2. 81; Bh. 3. 
 2, 29-30; Dar. Pers. e. 21. parsahya Dar. NRa. 13-14, 43 
 par + h + + . 
 
 pasa, ‘after’: Bh. 3. 32. 
 
 pasava, ‘afterwards’: Bh. 1. 27, 30, 32, 33, [34], 35-36 pa + + + , 
 40, 43, 46, 54, 72, 73-74, 75 pa + + + , 79, 82, 83, 86, 91, 94; 
 Bh. 2. 1 + + + va, 3, 4, 12, 16, 19, 21, 27, 31, 32, 47, 51, 52, 
 62, 64, 67, 71, 72, 76, 81, 84-85, 88, 90, 94; Bh. 3. 1, 4, 9, 
 12-13, 15, 20, 25, 29, 33, 36-37, 41, 50, 59, 70, 73, 75, 81, 
 
 t 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 84, 86, 90-91 + sava (Weissbach); Bh. 4. 5, 35, 91; Bh. 5. 
 [3], 6, 9 pa + + + , 10-11, 13, 29; Dar. NRa. 33; Dar. Sz. c. 
 10 pa + + + (see Tolman Lex. p. 110); Xerx. Van. 23. 
 
 p a s a t‘'is a , read by Weissbach pastis, ‘Fussg&nger’: Dar. NRb. 43, 45. 
 
 pitar, ‘father’: pita Bh. 1. 4, 4 + + + ii, 5, 5 pit + , 6; Bh. 2. 93; 
 Bh. a. 5, 6, 6-7, 7, 8; Xerx. Pers. aa. 15; ab. 15; ac. 15; 
 ad. 15; Xerx. Pers. ca. 12; cb. 19-20; Xerx. Sus. 2 pit + 
 (see Tolman Lex. p. 1); Xerx. Van. 18. pi# r a Xerx. Pers. 
 aa. 20; ab. 20; ac. 20; ad. 20; Xerx. Pers. ca. 14; cb. 23. 
 
 pirava, ‘Nile’: pirava Dar. Sz. c. 9. (On constr. see Tolman 
 Lex. p. 111.) 
 
 pisa, for meaning see Tolman Lex. p. Ill: Bh. 5. 24. 
 
 pis, ‘write’ (for discussion of meaning see Tolman Lex. p. 111). 
 
 with prefix niy: niyapisam Bh. 4. 71 niyapi + m, 90 + + + + - 
 
 isam. nipistanaiy Xerx. Van. 24-25. nipistam Bh. 4. 47, 
 47-48. nipistam Xerx. Van. 22-23. 
 
 pu"tiya, pr. n.: pu n tiya Dar. NRa. 29-30 pu n t + ya. 
 
 pu0 r a, ‘son’: pu0 r a Bh. 1. 3, 28, 39, 53, 74, 78, 79; Bh. 2. 9; Bh. 
 3. 25, 79, 81; Bh. 4. 9, 14, 28, 30, 83, [84 Ins], 85 + u0 r a, 
 
 85, 86 + u0 r a; Bh. a. 3; Bh. b. 6; Bh. d. 6; Bh. h. 7; Bh. 
 i. 8-9; Dar. Pers. a. 5; Dar. Pers. b; Dar. Pers. e. 5; 
 Xerx. Pers. aa. 10; ab. 10; ac. 10; ad. 10; Xerx. Pers. b. 
 20; Xerx. Pers. ca. 9; cb. 15; Xerx. Pers. da. 14; db. 20; 
 Xerx. Pers. ea. 4; eb. 4; Art. Pers. aa. 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 
 19, 20; ac. 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20; ad. 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 
 19, 20^; Art. Pers. b. 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26; Dar. NRa. 
 13, 14; Dar. Sus. a. 2; Dar. Sus. b. 10; Dar. Sus. c; Art. 
 Sus. a. 1, 2 bis, 3 bis\ Art. Sus. b; Dar. Sz. b. 5-6 pu + ; 
 Dar. Sz. c. 6 + u0 r a; Dar. Kr. 8; Dar. Elv. 20; Xerx. Elv. 
 20; Xerx. Van. 15; Art. Ham. [2], 3, [3], 4 pu + , [4]; Seal 
 Inscr. a. [8]; Dar. Weight Inscr. 7. 
 
 . F 
 
 fra, vbl. prefix, ‘forth’, with is, jan, tar, ni, bar, ha n j. 
 
36 
 
 IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 fratama, ‘foremost': fratama Bh. 1. 57; Bh. 2. 77; Bh. 3. 1S-19, 
 51, 71, [90] (Weissbach), 91 + rata + a. 
 
 frada, pr. n. : frada Bh. 3. 12; Bh. 1. 23; Bh. j. 1. 
 
 framatar, ‘lord’: framataram Xerx. Pers. aa. 5-6; ab. 5-6; ac. 5-6; 
 ad. 5-6; Xerx. Pers. b. 11; Xerx. Pers. ca. 5; cb. 8-9; 
 Xerx. Pers. da. 8; db. 11; Dar. NRa. 7-8 (Weissbach 
 Phot.); Dar. Elv. 11; Xerx. Elv. 11; Xerx. Van. 9. 
 framataram Art. Pers. aa. 8; ac. 8; ad. 8; Art. Pers. b. 10. 
 
 framana, ‘command’: framana Dar. NRa. 57; Dar. XRb. 28 + ra- 
 mana. framanaya Dar. NRb. 37. 
 
 fravarti, ‘Phraortes’: fravartis Bh. 2. 11 fra 4 _ + + ++ , 66, 71, 73; 
 Bh. 1. 18 fravar + + s; Bh. e. 1-2. fravartim Bh. 2. 17. 
 fravartais Bh. 2. 69, 93 fravar + + +• 
 
 fras, ‘ examine’: aparsam Bh. 1. 22; Bh. 1. 67. parsa Bh. 1. 38, 69. 
 
 with prefix patiy: patiparsahy Bh. 1. 12. patiparsatiy Bh. 
 
 1. 18. 
 
 frasta or frasam (Tolman): Dar. Sus. a. 5. 
 
 fraharavam (fraharvam Hoffmann-Kutsckke, phonetically wrong; 
 see Tolman Lex. p. 112), ‘all together’: Bh. 1. 17. 
 
 B 
 
 baxtrl, ‘Bactria’: baxtris Bh. 1. 16; Dar. Pers. e. 16. Dar. NRa. 
 23. baxtriya Bh. 3. 13-11, 21. 
 
 baga, ‘god’: baga Xerx. Pers. aa. 1; ab. 1; ac. 1; ad. 1; Xerx. 
 Pers. b. 1; Xerx. Pers. ca. 1; cb. 1; Xerx. Pers. da. 1; 
 db. 1; Art. Pers. aa. 1, 25; ac. 1, 25; ad. 1, 25; Art. Pers. 
 b. 1, 33; Dar. NRa. 1; Dar. NRb. 1; Dar. Sz. c. [1]; Dar. 
 Elv. 1; Xerx. Elv. 1; Xerx. Van. 1 . bagaha Bh. 1 . 61 + - 
 gaha, 63. baganam Dar. Pers. d. 1-2; Xerx. Elv. 2; Xerx, 
 Van. 2. bagaibis Dar. Pers. d. 11-15, 22, 21; Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 28-29; Xerx. Pers. ca. 12-13, 15; cb. 21, 25; Xerx. 
 Pers. da. 18; db. 26-27; Xerx. Van. [26]. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 37 
 
 bagabigna, pr. n. : bagabignahya Bh. 4. 84-85 bag + bignah + + . 
 
 bagabuxsa, ‘Megabyzos’: bagabuxsa Bh. 4. 85 ba + + uxsa. 
 
 bagayadi, name of a month: bagayadais Bh. 1. 55. 
 
 baji, ‘tribute’: bajim Bh. 1. 19; Dar. Pers. e. 9-10; Dar. NRa. 19. 
 
 ba n d, ‘bind’: basta Bh. 1. 82; Bh. 2. 75, 90; Bh. 5. 26 + sta. 
 basta Bh. 3. [88] (Tolman). 
 
 ba”daka, ‘subject’: ba n daka Bh. 2. 20, 30, 49-50, 82; Bh. 3. 13, 
 31, 56, 85; Bh. 5. 8. ba n daka Bh. 1. 19. 
 
 babiru, ‘Babylon’: babirus Bh. 1. 14 + abirus, 80; Dar. Pers. e. 
 10-11; Dar. NRa. 26 babiru + ; Dar. NRxvi + + birus. ba- 
 birum Bh. 1. 83-84, 91, 91 babiru + ; Bh. 2. 2 + + + irum, 3, 
 3-4; Bh. 3. 82, 84, 87; Bh. 4. 15, 30. babiraus Bh. 2. 65. 
 babirauv Bh. 1. 78, 81; Bh. 2. 5, 6; Bh. 3. 79, 83, 91 babi- 
 ra + v; Bh. 4. 2 + + + + + + v; Bh. d. 7-8; Bh. i. 11 (written 
 on the stone babrauv). 
 
 babiruviya, ‘Babylonian’: babiruviya Bh. 1. 77, 79; Bh. 3. 81; Bh. 
 4. 13. babiruviyam Bh. 3. 86 babiruvi + m. babiruviya (nom.) 
 Bh. 3. 78. babiruviya (acc.) Bh. 3. 88 babiruvi + a. 
 
 bar, ‘bear’: b a r a t a y a (bara n t'y Foy; see Tolman Lex. p. 114, s. v. 
 barataya) Bh. 5. 22-23. bara"tiy Dar. NRa. 42. abaram Bh. 
 
 1. 22; Bh. 4. 66 a + rain, abara Bh. 1. 25, 55, 88, 94; Bh. 
 
 2. 25, 34-35, 40, 45, 54, 60, 68, 86, [97]; Bh. 3. 6, 17, 37, 
 45, 62, 67 (written on the stone ar a r a ), 87 a + + ; Bh. 4. 61, 
 62; Dar. NRa. 50-51. abara" Dar. Pers. e. 10; Dar. NRa. 
 19 aba + . baratuv Dar. Pers. d. 14. abara n ta Bh. 1. 19. 
 
 with prefix patiy-a: patiyabaram Bh. 1. 68. 
 
 with prefix para: parabara Bh. 1. 71, 96. parabartam Bh. 1. 
 
 62, 67-68 paraba + + m. 
 
 with prefix party: paribara Bh. 4. 72 pari + ra, 88 par + + + a. 
 
 paribarahy Bh. 4. 78. paribarah(i)- Bh. 4. 74. 
 
 with prefix fra: frabara Bh. 1. 12 + + abara, 25, 60-61; Dar. 
 
 Pers. d. 3-4, 7-8; Dar. NRa. 33; Dar. Sz. c. 4. 
 
38 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 b&rataya (bara n ty Foy; see Tolman Lex. p. 114): Bh. 5. 22-23. 
 
 bardiya, ‘Smerdis’: bardiya Bh. 1. 30 + + + + ya, 32, 39, 52-53; 
 Bh. 3. 25, 35, 54; Bh. 4. 9, 27, 82; Bh. b. 4-5; Bh. h. 5. 
 bardiyam Bh. 1. 31 bis, 51. 
 
 bu, “ be ’: abavam Bh. 1. 28, 60, 72; Bh. 4. 5; Bh. 5. [4]. abava 
 Bh. 1. 32, 33, 34, 40, 48, 77, 80; Bh. 2. 16-17, 17, 80, 94; 
 Bh. 3. 10, 11, 20, 27, 28, 76, 82, 83; Bh. 5. 5, [14], 30 
 + + va. abava 11 Bh. 1. 76; Bh. 2. 7, 93 + + va n ; Bh. 3. 78; 
 Bh. 4. 34. bavatiy Dar. NRa. 43 bava + iy, 45-46. biya (2 
 s g. opt., Tolman, Weissbach, Bartholomae) Bh. 4. 69 + +- 
 + a. biya (3 sg. opt.) Bh. 4. 56 bis, 58, 59, 74-75, 75 bl + a, 
 78-79, [79]. 
 
 buml, ‘earth’: bumim Xerx. Pers. aa. 1; ab. 1; ac. 1; ad. 1; 
 Xerx. Pers. b. 2; Xerx. Pers. ca. 1; cb. 2; Xerx. Pers. 
 da. 2; db. 2; Dar. NRa. 2. 32; Dar. Sz. c. 1-2; Dar. Elv. 
 2; Xerx. Elv. 3; Xerx. Van. 2-3. bumam Art. Pers. aa. 
 2; ac. 2; ad. 2; Art. Pers. b. 2. bumiya Xerx. Pers. aa. 
 9; ab. 9; ac. 9; ad. 9; Xerx. Pers. b. 17; Xerx. Pers. ca. 
 7-8; cb. 12-13; Xerx. Pers. da. 12; db. 17; Dar. NRa. 11- 
 12; Dar. Sus. b. 9 ++ + + + a; Art. Sus. c. [4]; Dar. Sz. 
 b. [4]; Dar. Sz. c. 6; Dar. Kr. 7; Dar. Elv. 17-18; Xerx. 
 Elv. 17; Xerx. Van. 13. BUMiya Art. Pers. aa. 11; ac. 
 11; ad. 11; Art. Pers. b. 16; Art. Sus. a. 1; Art. Ham. 2. 
 
 bratar, ‘brother’: brata Bh. 1. 29-30 brat + , 39-40 br + ta. 
 
 M 
 
 m a , ‘seal’? (Justi): Seal Inscr. e. 1. 
 
 ma, prohib. particle, ‘not’: 1) With opt.: Bh. 4. 59, 69, [79]; 
 Dar. Pers. d. 18, 19 bis , 20 + a. 2) With inj.: Bh. 4. 54; 
 
 Dar. Pers. e. 21; Dar. NRa. 58, 59, 60. 
 
 ma + +, see akuna, s. v. kar; also Tolman Lex. p. 81, s. v. kar: Art. 
 Ham. 7. 
 
 ma, ‘measure’. 
 
 with prefix a: amata (adata Andreas-Hiising; see Tolman 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 39 
 
 Lex. p. 115; also p. 3, n. 3) Bh. 1. 7 + mata; Bh. a. 11 
 a + ata. 
 
 maka, pr. n. : maka Bh. 1. 17; Dar. Pers. e. 18. 
 
 magu, ‘Magian’: magus Bh. 1. 36, 44, 46, 64, 66, 70-71; Bh. 4. 
 8; Bh. b. 2. magum Bh. 1. 50, 54, 57, 73; Bh. 4. 81. 
 
 maciya, pr. n. : maciya Dar. NRa. 30; Dar. NRxxix. 
 
 matya, ‘that not’: Bh. 1. 52; Bh. 4. 43, 48 mat + , 71. 
 
 matfista, ‘greatest’: maflista Bh. 2. 13, 24; Bh. 3. 70 ma0 + + +; 
 Dar. Pers. d. 1; Xerx. Elv. 2; Xerx. Van. 1-2. maflistam 
 Bh. 2. 20, 83; Bh. 3. 12, 31, 57, 85; Bh. 5. 6 + + ista+, 8, 
 12 uia 0 + + + + , 28-29 ma0is + + . 
 
 mada, 1) ‘Media’: mada Bh. 1. [15], 41; Bh. 2. 7; Dar. Pers. e. 
 10; Dar. NRa. 22. madam Bh. 1. 47, 66; Bh. 2. 22, 28-29, 
 48-49, 63, 65 bis-, Bh. 3. 32-33; Bh. 4. 20. madaiy Bh. 1. 
 34, 59; Bh. 2. 15, 17, 22-23, 28, 66 bis, 72, 92 ma + iy; Bh. 
 
 3. 77; Bh. e. 10-11. 
 
 2) ‘ Median’: mada Bh. 1. 49; Bh. 2. [14], 16, 18 + ada, 82; Bh. 
 
 4. 18; Dar. NR[n]. madam Bh. 2. 21, 82; Bh. 3. 30. ma- 
 daibis Bh. 2. 23 mada + + + s. madaisuva Bh. 2. 23. 
 
 man, ‘think’: maniyahay (see Tolman Lex. p. 116) Bh. 4. 39 man- 
 + + + + + ; Dar. Pers. e. 20; Dar. NRa. 38-39 maniya + y 
 (maniy[ahay t]ya Weissbach). maniyataiy (see Tolman Lex. 
 p. 116) Bh. 4. 50 maniya + + + . 
 
 man, ‘await’: amanaya Bh. 2. 48, 63. amaniya Bh. 2. 28. 
 
 maniya, for proposed meanings see Tolman Lex. p. 116: mani- 
 yam Bh. 1. 65. 
 
 nfn"uv a t a m“ (Jackson; see Tolman Lex. p. 117, also p. 119 s. v. 
 sakaurifm]) Bh. 4. 65. (Cf. + + t u n u uv a t a m a .) 
 
 + + + + mamaita?, fragment of a name: Bh. 5. 5. 
 
 mar, ‘die’: amariyata Bh. 1. 43. 
 
40 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 m a + + + , for maru, pr. n. : marus Bh. 2. 22 m + + + s. 
 
 margava, ‘Margian’: margava Bh. 3. 12; Bh. 4. 24. margavaibis 
 Bh. 3. 16. 
 
 margu, ‘Margiana’: margus Bh. 2. 7; Bh. 3. 11. margum Bh. 4. 
 25. margauv Bh. 4. 25 + + gauv; Bh. j. 5-6. 
 
 martiya, ‘ man ’ : - martiya Bh. 1. 21, 36, 48, 74, 77; Bh. 2. 8 + + + - 
 + ya, 14, 79 mar + iya; Bh. 3. 12, 22, 70 mart + +, 78; Bh. 
 4. 38 mart + + , 65, 68 marti + ; Bh. 5. [5], [7] (Weissbach 
 omits); Dar. NRa. 46; Dar. NRb. 16. martiyam Bh. 3. 57; 
 Xerx. Pers. aa. 2; ab. 2; ac. 2; ad. 2; Xerx. Pers. b. 4-5; 
 Xerx. Pers. ca. 2-3; cb. 4; Xerx. Pers. da. 3-4; db. 4-5; 
 Art. Pers. aa. 3-4; ac. 3-4; ad. 3-4; Art. Pers. b. 4; Dar. 
 NRa. 3; Dar. Sz. c. 2 + + tiyam; Dar. Elv. 4-5; Xerx. 
 Elv. 5; Xerx. Van. 4. martiyahya Xerx. Pers. aa. 3; ab. 
 3; ac. 3; ad. 3; Xerx. Pers. b. 6; Xerx. Pers. ca. 3; cb. 
 5; Xerx. Pers. da. 4-5; db. 6; Dar. NRa. 4, 44; Dar. 
 NRb. 3; Dar. Sz. c. 2-3; Dar. Elv. 6; Xerx. Elv. 7; Xerx. 
 Van. 5. martihya Art. Pers. aa. 4-5; ac. 4-5; ad. 4-5; Art. 
 Pers. b. 6. martiya (voc. s.) Dar. NRa. 56. martiya (nom. 
 pi.) Bh. 1. 57-58; Bh. 4. 80, 82. martiya (acc. pi.) Bh. 2. 
 77 ma + tiya; Bh. 3. 48, 50, 74, 90, 91 + + + iya. martiya- 
 nam Bh. 4. 87 (Weissbach; see Tolman Lex. p. 74, s. v. 
 ima) martiya + ?. martiyaibis Bh. 1. 56-57. 
 
 martiya, pr. n.: martiya Bh. 2. 8; Bh. 4. 15; Bh. f. 1. martiyam 
 Bh. 2. 12-13. 
 
 marda, see Tolman Lex. p. 117: Bh. 5. 11. 
 
 marduniya, ‘Mardonius’: marduniyahya Bh. 4. 84 marduniyahy + . 
 
 mazdah, see auramazdah: mazdaha (with aurahya) Xerx. Pers. ca. 10; 
 cb. 17. 
 
 maska, ‘skin’ (for discussion of meaning see Tolman Lex. p. 
 118): maskauva Bh. 1. 86. 
 
 mah, ‘month’: mahya (post-pos. a) Bh. 1. 37-38 mtlh + + , 42, 56, 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 41 
 
 89, 96; Bh. 2. 26 mah + a, 36 mfih + + , 41, 47, 56, 61-62, 
 69, 98 m + hya; Bh. 3. 8, 18, 39, 46-47, 63, 68, 88. 
 
 m'6ra, pr. n.: m'dra Art. Pers. aa. 25; ac. 25; ad. 25; Art. Pers. 
 b. 33; Art. Sus. a. 5 + #ra. m’tra Art. Ham. 6. m'0rahya 
 Art. Sus. a. 4 + 0ra + + +. m'trahya Art. Ham. [5]. 
 
 mu 0, ‘flee’ (see Tolman Lex. p. 119): amu0a Bh. 2. 2 (Htising) 
 a + + + , 71; Bh. 3. 41-42, 71 am\ + . 
 
 mudraya, ‘Egypt’: mudraya Bh. 1. 15; Bh. 2. [7]. mudrayam Bh. 
 1. 32, 33; Dar. Sz. 8. mudraya (abl. s.) Dar. Sz. c. 11-12 
 . , . , . yii. mudrayaiy Dar. Sz. C. 9. mudraya (nom. pi.) 
 Dar. Pers. e. 11-12; Dar. NRa. 27. 
 
 Y 
 
 yautiya, pr. n. : yautiya Bh. 3. 23. 
 
 y a u + + + + (yaudinim Weissbach’s conjecture; see Tolman Lex. p. 
 119): Dar. NRa. 32. 
 
 yauna, ‘Ionia’: yauna Dar. NRa. 28. yauna Bh. 1. 15 yaun + ; 
 Dar. Pers. e. 12-13; Dar. NRa. 29. 
 
 yata, ‘while’: Bh. 1. 25, 54, 69; Bh. 2. 6, 28, 48 + ata, 63; Bh. 
 3. 77; Bh. 4. 51 + ata, 81; Dar. NRa. 51. 
 
 ya0a, ‘when’: Bh. 1. 23, 27, 31, 33, 63, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, [91]; 
 Bh. 2. 22, 32, 52, 65; Bh. 3. 3, 34; Bh. 4. 5, 35, 44, 52, 
 63 + + a; Bh. 5. 3 + 0a, [17], 29 ya + +, [33], Dar. NRa. 31- 
 32 + 0a, 37 ya + + ; Dar. NRb. 39; Dar. Sz. c. 11 + On (see 
 Tolman Lex. p. 119), 12. 
 
 yad, ‘worship’: y(?)adayamaiy (Tolman; 0adayamaiy Weissbach) 
 Dar. Sus. a. 5. yadataiy Bh. 5. 19 (Tolman) ya + + + + + , 
 34-35 yadatai + . ayadaiy (see Tolman Lex. p. 120) Bh. 5. 
 16, 32 (Tolman) + yadaiy. 
 
 yadaya, abl. with haca; for discussion see Tolman Lex. p. 120 
 (y(a)utiya (sic) Hoffmann-Kutschke): Bh. 3. 26. 
 
42 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 yadiy, ‘if’: Bh. 1 . 38; Bh. 4. 38-39, 54, 57, 72-73 ya + + + , 77; 
 Dar. Pers. e. 19, 22. yadipatiy (yadipadfijy Weissbach) Dar. 
 XRa. 38 (cf. patiy, ‘again’). 
 
 yana (see Tolman Lex. p. 120), ‘favor’: yanam Dar. Pers. d. 21. 
 yanaiy, ‘whereon’: Xerx. Van. 22. 
 yam, ‘ reach ’. 
 
 with prefix a: ayasata Bh. 1 . 47; Bh. 3. 4, 42-43. 
 
 yava, ‘as long as': Bh. 4. 71, 74, 78; Bh. 5. 19 ya + + , [35]. 
 yuviya, ‘canal’: yuviya Dar. Sz. c. 10. yuviyam Dar. Sz. c. 8-9 
 
 TY1 1 ^ 
 
 + -f + + + 4- - 1 --* 
 
 R 
 
 raucah, ‘day’: rauca (nom.) Bh. 3. 8. rauca (acc.) Bh. 1. 20. 
 raucabis Bh. 1. 38, 42, 56, 89-90, 96; Bh. 2. 26, 36 + + + ++ s, 
 42, 47, 56, 69-70, [98]; Bh. 3. 18-19, 39, 47, 63, 68, 88-89. 
 
 rautah, ‘river’: rauta (see Tolman Lex. p. Ill, s. v. pirava) Dar. 
 Sz. c. 9. 
 
 V 
 
 raxa, pr. n.: raxa Bh. 3. 34. 
 
 raga, pr. n.: raga Bh. 2. 71-72. ragaya Bh. 3. 2-3. 
 rad, ‘leave’: 
 
 with prefix ava: avarada Dar. XRa. 60. 
 
 rasta, ‘true’: rastam Dar. XRa. 59. 
 
 + + + + rtaiyiy a : upavartaiy a iy a (‘dittogi’aphv for upavartaiy’ Tol- 
 man; [va]rtiyaiy Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 122) 
 Bh. 4. 44. 
 
 V 
 
 va (end.), ‘or’: Bh. 1. 20 Iris', Bh. 4. 68, 71, 73, 77. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 43 
 
 vaina- (pres, stem), ‘see’, mid. ‘seem’: vainamiy Dar. NRb. 36, 
 36-37, 39. avaina Bh. 2. 76, 90 a + i+; Dar. NRa. 32. 
 vainahy Bh. 4. 70, 73 vaina + + , 77; Dar. NRb. 29. vaina- 
 taiy Xerx. Pers. aa. 16; ab. 16; ac. 16; ad. 16. 
 
 vaumisa, pr. n.: vaumis^ Bh. 2. 49, 51, 62. vaumisam Bh. 2. 53, 58. 
 
 va# r abara, for proposed meanings see Tolman Lex. p. 123: Dar. 
 NRd. 1. 
 
 vayaspara, pr. n. : vayasparahya Bh. 4. 83 va + sp + + hya. 
 
 var, ‘choose’, mid. ‘convince’: varnavataiy Bh. 4. 49. vamavatam 
 Bh. 4. 42, 53. 
 
 varkana, ‘Hyrcania’: varkana Bh. 2. 92-93. 
 
 [vart, ‘turn’. 
 
 with pretix upa - a; see s. V. + + + + rtaiyiya.] 
 
 vardana, ‘town’: vardanam Bh. 1. 92; Bh. 2. [9], 22, 66, 95-96 
 varda + + ; Bh. 3. 5, 22, 34, 51-52. 
 
 vasiy (see Tolman Lex. p. 123), ‘much’: Bh. 1. 34, 51, 89, 95; 
 Bh. 2. 26, 36, 41 vas + + , 46, 55, 61, 69, [98]; Bh. 3. 7, 18, 
 39, 46, 63, 68; Bh. 4. 46, 56, 75; Xerx. Pers. aa. 13; ab. 
 13; ac. 13; ad. 13; Dar. NRb. 26-27; Xerx. Van. 19. 
 
 vasdasaka, uncertain word: Seal Inscr. c. 
 
 wasna, ‘favor’: vasna Bh. 1. 11 va + + + , 13-14, 18, 22 vasn + , 26, 
 59-60, 68, 70, 88, [94]; Bh. 2. [3], 25, 35, 40, 45, 54, 60, 
 68, 86, 97; Bh. 3. 6, 17, 37-38, 45, 62, 67, 87; Bh. 4. 4, 6 
 vasn + , 41, 46, 52 va + + + , 60 + + + a, 88; Bh. 5. 16, 32; 
 Dar. Pers. d. 4, 9; Dar. Pers. e. 6; Xerx. Pers. aa. 11, 16; 
 ab. 11, 16; ac. 11, 16; ad. 11, 16; Xerx. Pers. b. 26; 
 Xerx. Pers. ca. 10; cb. 17; Xerx. Pers. da. 16; db. 23; 
 Dar. NRa. 16, 35, 49; Dar. NRb. 6, 47; Xerx. Sus. 1; 
 Xerx. Van. 18-19; Art. Ham. 5 vasn + . 
 
 vazarka (see Tolman Lex. p. 124), ‘great’: vazarka Bh. 1. 1; Bh. 
 a. 1; Dar. Pers. a. 2; Dar. Pers. b; Dar. Pers. d. 1; Dar. 
 
44 
 
 INDEX VERBORVM 
 
 Pers. e. 1-2; Xerx. Pers. aa. 1, 6; ab. 1, 6; ac. 1, 6; ad. 
 1, 6; Xerx. Pers. b. 1, 13, 22-23; Xerx. Pers. ca. 1, 6, 10; 
 cb. 1, 10, 16-17 ; Xerx. Pers. da. 1, 9, 15-16; db. 1, 13, 23; 
 Xerx. Pers. ea. 1-2; eb. 1-2; Art. Pers. aa. 1, 9; ac. 1, 9; 
 ad. 1, 9; Art. Pers. b. 1, 12; Dar. NRa. 1, 8-9; Dar. NRb. 
 1; Dar. Sus. a. [1]; Dar. Sus. b. [3]; Art. Sus. a. 1; Art. 
 Sus. b; Art. Sus. c. 2 va + + + ; Dar. Sz. b. 1; Dar. Sz. c. 
 1, 5; Dar. Kr. 2; Dar. Elv. 1, 13; Xerx. Elv. 1, 13; 
 Xerx. Van. 1, 10; Art. Ham. 1; Dar. "Weight Inscr. 1-5; 
 Xerx. Vases; Art. Vases, vazarkam Bh. 1. 76 (Oppert) 
 + + + + ui; Dar. Sz. c. 1. vazarkaya Xerx. Pers. aa. 9; ab. 
 9; ac. 9; ad. 9; Xerx. Pers. b. 17-18; Xerx. Pers. ca. 8; 
 cb. 13; Xerx. Pers. da. 12; db. 17-18; Dar. NRa. 12; 
 Dar. Sz. b. 1 + + + + + ya; Dar. Sz. c. 6; Dar. Elv. 18; 
 Xerx. Elv. 17-18; Xerx. Van. 13-14. 
 
 vahauka, pr. n. : vahaukahya Bh. 4. 86 vahau + + v + . 
 
 vahyav'sdapaya, uncertain word: Seal Inscr. d. 
 
 vahyazdata, pr. n. : vahyazdata Bh. 3. 22, 35, 41, 54, 60, 70-71; 
 Bh. 4. 26 + + + zdata; Bh. h. 1-2. vahyazdatam Bh. 3. 27- 
 28, 48, 50. vahyazdatahya Bh. 3. 38-39, 46. 
 
 viy, vbl. prefix, ‘away’, with kan, tar, nas or na0, san?. 
 
 vi0, ‘royal court’: vi0am Dar. Pers. e. 24; Dar. NRa. 53. v'0am 
 Bh. 1. 69, 71. v'#a Bh. 2. [16]; Bh. 3. 26. vi0iya (post- 
 pos. a) Dar. Pers. c. v'diya. (post-pos. a) Bh. 4. 66 v‘0i + + . 
 
 v ; i0 a ib a is a , for discussion of meaning see Tolman Lex. p. 125: 
 vi0 a ibis Dai. Pers. d. 14, 22, 24 + + 0 a + bis. 
 
 v'0 a b a is a c a a, see discussion Tolman Lex. p. 125: Bh. 1. 65. 
 
 vi n dafarnah, ‘ Intaphernes ’ : vi n dafama (see Tolman Lex. p. 126) 
 Bh. 3. 84 vi n dafar + + , 86 + i n da + + + a, 88 vi“da + + na; 
 Bh. 4. 83. 
 
 vidarna, ‘Hydarnes’: vidama Bh. 2. 19 + + darna, 21; Bh. 4. 84 
 + + darna. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 45 
 
 viyaxna, name of a month: viyaxnahya Bh. 1. 37; Bk. 2. 98 + iy- 
 axnahya; Bh. 3. 68 viya + nahya. 
 
 vivana, pr. n.: vivana Bh. 3. 55, 73. vivanam Bh. 3. 58, 60, 65, 71. 
 
 visa, ‘all’: visam Xerx. Pers. aa. 16; ab. 16; ac. 16; ad. 16; 
 Xerx. Pei’s, b. 25-26; Dar. NRa. 49. 
 
 visadahyu, 4 containing all lands’: visadahyum Xerx. Pers. aa. 12; 
 ab. 12; ac. 12-13; ad. 12-13. 
 
 vispazana, ‘containing all kinds of people’: vispazananam Dar. 
 XRa. 10-11; Dar. Sz. c. 5 v + + + + + anam. 
 
 vistaspa, ‘Hystaspes’: v’staspa Bh. 1. 4; Bh. 2. 93, 94, 97 + + ta- 
 + + ; Bh. 3. 4, 7; Bh. a. 5. v'staspam Bh. 3. 2, 3. v’staspahya 
 Bh. 1. 2-3, 4 v’staspa + + +; Bh. a. 3, 5-6; Art. Pers. aa. 
 18-19, 19*; ac. 18-19, 19*; ad. 18-19, 19*; Art. Pers. b. 
 24-25, 25-26*; Dar. Sus. b. 9-10 v i + + a + + + + a. vistas- 
 pahya Dar. Pers. a. 4-5; Dar. Pers. b; Dar. Pers. e. 4; 
 Dar. XRa. 12-13; Dar. Sus. a. 2 + + + taspahya; Art. Sus. 
 a. 3; Dar. Sz. b. [5]; Dar. Sz. c. 6 vistas + + + + ; Dar. Kr. 
 7-8; Dar. Elv. 19-20; Art. Ham. [4]; Dar. Weight Inscr. 
 5-6. 
 
 *Gen. as nom. 
 
 vispauzati, pr. n. : vispauzatis Bh. 2. 95 vis + uz + tis. 
 
 S 
 
 saka 1) ‘Scythia’: saka Bh. 1. 16-17; Bh. 2. 8. 
 
 2) ‘Scythian’: saka Bh. k. 2. saka (nom.) Dar. Pers. e. 18; 
 Dar. XRa. 25, 25-26 + ka, 28; Dar. XRxv. saka (acc.) Bh. 
 5. 25 sak + . 
 
 saka, ‘Scythia’: sakam Bh. 5. 21 sa + + + , 21-22. 
 
 [san (with prefix viy), better read kan; see Tolman Lex. p. 80, 
 
 S. V. kan.] 
 
 (ga[sta] Weissbach; see Tolman Lex. p. 127): Dar. XRa. 52. 
 
46 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 [sar: asariyata, better read akariya n ta; see Tolman Lex. p. 81, s. v. 
 kar.] 
 
 sikayauvati, pr. n. : sikayauvatis Bh. 1. 58 sika + uvatis. 
 
 suguda, ‘ Sogdiana ’ : suguda Bh. 1. 16 + + + uda; Dar. Pers. e. 16 
 sug u + ?da; Dar. NRa. 23. 
 
 sku"xa, pr. n.: sku n xa Bh. 5. 27 s + + xa; Bh. k. 1-2. 
 
 skudra, pr. n. : skudra Dar. NRa. 29. 
 
 sta, ‘stand’: aistata Bh. 1. 85. 
 
 with prefix ava: avastayam Bh. 1. 63, 66, 69. 
 
 with prefix my: niyastayam Bh. 3. 91 (Weissbach) + ++ - 
 
 stayam; Dar. Sz. c. 8 ni + + tayam, 11; Xerx. Van. 23-24. 
 iiiyastaya Xerx. Van. 21. 
 
 stana, ‘place 1 : stanam Xerx. Van. 20-21. 
 
 star, ‘sin’: starava Dar. NRa. 60. 
 
 sparda, pr. n. : sparda Bh. 1. 15; Dar. Pers. e. 12; Dar. NRa. 28. 
 
 § 
 
 sa (encl.), in haca avadasa: Bh. 1. 37; Bh. 3. 42, 80. 
 
 saiy (encl.), ‘to him 1 , ‘to it 1 : Bh. 1. 57; Bh. 2. [30], 50, 74 sai + , 
 74-75, 77, 88, 89, [95]; Bh. 3. 14, 48, 51, 74, [90] (Weiss- 
 bach), [91]; Dar. Pers. d. 3. 
 
 sakaurim, for meaning see Tolman Lex. p. 129: Bh. 4. 65 sa- 
 kauri + . 
 
 sam (encl.), ‘of them’: Bh. 1. 14, 19, 23; Bh. 2. 13, 20, 20 s + + , 
 27, 37, 42, 47 + am, 56, 62, 83 bis, 9S; Bh. 3. 8, 19, 31, 40, 
 47, 57 bis, 64, 69, 85 bis\ Bh. 5. [8], [12], 15 + am; Dar. 
 NRa. 18 sa + , 20, 36-37. 
 
 sim (encl.), ‘him 1 , ‘it 1 : Bh. 1. 50, 59 bis, 62, 83, 96 (apisim for 
 apis-sim); Bh. 2. [13], 75, 76, 90 bis\ Bh. 3. 74; Bh. 4. 6 
 (sis Weissbach), 49 (Tolman) s + + ; Bh. 5. 13 + + m, 27 s + + ; 
 Dar. NRa. 36. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 47 
 
 siyati, ‘welfare’: siyatis Dar. Pers. e. 23. siyatim Xerx. Pers. aa. 
 3; ab. 3; ac. 3; ad. 3; Xerx. Pers. b. 5-6; Xerx. Pers. ca. 
 3; cb. -1-5; Xerx. Pers. da. 4; db. 5-6; Dar. NRa. 4; Dar. 
 NRb. 2-3; Dar. Sz. c. 2 + iyatim; Dar. Elv. 5-6; Xerx. 
 Elv. 6; Xerx. Van. 5. sayatam Art. Pers. aa. 4; ac. 4; ad. 
 4; Art. Pers. b. 5. 
 
 siyu, ‘go’: asiyavam Bh. 1. 84, 91; Bh. 2. 3, 65; Bh. 5. 21 ++ - 
 iyavam. asiyava Bh. 1. 33 + + + + va, 33, 41 + siyava, 80; 
 Bh. 2. 2-3, IT, 22, 32, 51-52, 72, 85 + siyava, [95]; Bh. 3. 
 4, 16, 28, 32, 33, 42, 59-60, 72, 73-74, 82, 87; Bh. 5. 9. 
 asiyava' 1 Bh. 1. 76. 
 
 sis (encl.), ‘them’: Bh. 3. 52; Bh. 4. 6 (Weissbach); Bh. 5. 11 
 (Tolman; daiy King-Thompson). 
 
 Z 
 
 zazana, pr. n. : zazana Bh. 1. 92. 
 
 zurakara, ‘doing wrong’: zurakara Bh. 4. 64, 68 + + rakara. 
 zurah, ‘deceit’: ziira Bh. 4. 65. 
 
 + + + + y?, pr. n., Elam, zuzza, Bab. zu-u-zu: Bh. 2. 33. 
 
 zra n ka (zara n ka Weissbach), ‘Drangiana’: zra n ka Bh. 1. 16; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 15-16; Dar. NRa. 24. 
 
 H 
 
 haina, ‘army’: haina Dar. Pers. d. 19ha + na. hainaya Dar. Pers. 
 d. 16-17. 
 
 hauv, ‘he’, ‘it’: hau- Dar. Pers. d. 3. hauv (m.) Bh. 1. 36, 38, 
 41, 47, 47-48, 74, 76, 78, 81, 82, [92]; Bh. 2. 10, 14, [16] 
 (Weissbach), 17, 19, 21, 24, 27, 66, 71, 79, 93-94; Bh. 3. 
 3, 11, 23-24, 26-27, 28, 35, 41, 54, 55, 59, 70, 71, 79, 80, 
 82, 83, [91]; Bh. 4. [8], 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 
 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28 ha + + , [29], 30; Bh. 5. [9] (Weiss- 
 bach omits); Dar. Pers. d. 2; Xerx. Van. 18, 21. hauv 
 (f.) Bh. 5. 4-5; Dar. Pers. e. 23; Dar. NRa. 57. hauv a m a 
 (see Tolman Lex. p. 131) Bh. 1. 29. 
 
48 
 
 INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 haumavarga (Weissbach Phot. ; see Tolman Lex. p. 131, s. v. 
 haumavarka): haumavarga Dar. NRa. 25. 
 
 haxamanis, ‘Achaemenes’: haxamanis Bh. 1. 6; Bh. a. 8. 
 
 haxamanisiya, ‘Achaemenidan haxamanisiya Bh. 1. 3 haxama- 
 nis + + ; Bh. a. 1; Dar. Pers. a. 5; Dar. Pers. b; Dar. Pers. 
 e. 5; Xerx. Pers. b. 20-21; Xerx. Pers. ca. 9; cb. 15; 
 Xerx. Pers. da. 11; db. 20-21; Xerx. Pers. ea. 1; eb. 1; 
 Art. Pers. aa. 20-21; ac. 20-21; ad. 20-21; Art. Pers. b. 
 26-27; Dar. NRa. 13; Dar. Sus. a. 2-3 ha + + + + + + ++ ; 
 Dar. Sus. b. 11 + + + + nisiya; Art. Sus. c. 1 + + amanisi + ; 
 Dar. Sz. b. 6 haxa + + + + + ya; Dar. Sz. c. 6-7; Dar. Kr. 
 8-9; Dar. Elv. 20; Xerx. Elv. 20; Xerx. Van. 15-16; Art. 
 Ham. 5; Murghab 2; Dar. Weight Inscr. 7-8. haxamanis- 
 iya Xerx. Pers. aa. 10-11; ab. 10-11; ac. 10-11; ad. 10-11. 
 haxamanisiya Al’t. Sus. a. 3 haxaman + siya. haxamanisiya 
 Bh. 1. 7; Bh. a. 10. 
 
 hagmatana, ‘ Ecbatana hagmatanaiy Bh. 2. 76, 77-78 hagmata- 
 + + +• 
 
 haca, ‘from’: Bh. 1. 19, 23, 36, 10, 50, 61; Bh. 2. 6, 12, 16, 61, 
 [93]; Bh. 3. 2, 26, 27, 78, 81; Bh. 1. 37; Bh. 5. 5 ha + + 
 (ha[mi0 r iya] Weissbach); Dar. Pers. d. 11, 16, 17 bis; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 9, 20; Dar. NRa. 18, 20, 16 + + a, 52; Dar. Sz. c. 
 7 + + a, 9 (see Tolman Lex. p. Ill, s. v. pirava), 10, 11. 
 haca avadasa Bh. 1. 37; Bh. 3. 12, SO. haca paruviyata Bh. 1. 
 7, 8, 15; Bh. a. 11, 12. 
 
 ha"j, a verb designating some form of capital punishment; see 
 Tolman Lex. p. 132. 
 
 with prefix fra: fraha”jam Bh. 2. 78. 
 
 had, ‘ sit’. 
 
 with prefix niy: niyasadayam Dar. NRa. 36. 
 
 hada, ‘with’: Bh. 1. 56, 93; Bh. 2. 1-2, 21-22, 23, 67 had + , 71, 
 85, 85-86, [95], 96; Bh. 3. 5, 15, 16, 33, 36, 11, 71 + da, 
 73, 86; Bh. 5. [9], [10], [21]; Dar. Pers. d. 11, 22, [21]; 
 Dar. Pers. e. 8; Xerx. Pers. b. 28; Xerx. Pers. ca. 12, 15; 
 cb. 21, 25; Xerx. Pers. da. 18; db. 26; Xerx. Van. [26]. 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 49 
 
 hadaxaya, uncertain word: Seal Inscr. b. 1. 
 
 hadis, ‘dwelling-place’: hadis Xerx. Pers. ca. 11; cb. 18; Xerx. 
 Pers. da. 16-17; db. 24; Xerx. Sus. 2 hadi + (see Tolman 
 Lex. p. 1); Art. Sus. c. 5. 
 
 ha’’duga, ‘record’: ha n dugam (hadugam 'Weissbach) Bh. 4. 55, 57. 
 
 hapariya- (Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 132), ‘reverence': 
 apariyaya" (upariyaya Weissbach) Bh. 1. 23. 
 
 ham, vbl. prefix, ‘ together ’, with gam, taxs, dar. 
 
 hama, see Tolman Lex. p. 96, s. v. <9ard: hama Bh. 4. 92. hama- 
 hyaya Bh. 4. 4, 41 + ma + yaya, 45 + + hyaya, 52, 60. 
 
 hamatar, ‘having a common mother’: hamata Bh. 1. 30. 
 
 hamapitar, ‘having a common father’: hamapita Bh. 1. 30. 
 
 hamarana, ‘battle’: hamaranam (nom.) Bh. 2. 27, 37, 42, 47, 56, 
 62, 98; Bh. 3. 8, 19, 40, 47, 64, 69. hamaranam (acc.) Bh. 
 1. 90, 93 + + + + m, 94 hama + + m, 96 hama + + + ; Bh. 2. 
 23, 33, 34, 38, 39, 44, 45, 53, 54, 58, 59, 67, 67-68, 70, 85, 
 96; Bh. 3. 5, 16, 36, 37, 43, 44, 60, 61, 65, 66; Bh. 5. [10]. 
 hamarana Bh. 4. 5-6, 32. 
 
 hami# r iya, ‘rebellious’: hamiflbya Bh. 1. 40, 80; Bh. 2. 16, 31, 51, 
 79, 94 + + i0 r i+; Bh. 3. 27, 81-82; Dar. NRb. 36*. ham- 
 10 iya (f. Sg.) Bh. 3. 11; Bh. 5. [5]. hami0 r iyam Bh. 2. 26, 
 35, 41, 46 ham I + ^ r i + + , 55, 61, 84, 87, 97-98 + m i + 0 r iyam; 
 Bh. 3. 7, 18, 63, 68; Bh. 4. 9-10, 12ha + + + + + m, 15 + + - 
 + 0 r iyam, 17-18, [20], 23 hami0 r i + + , 25-26, 28, 30-31; Dar. 
 NRb. 39 + m i + 0 r iyam. hami^ r iya (nom. du.) Bh. 2. 93 ++ - 
 i + + iya. hami^iya (nom. pi. m.) Bh. 1. 76; Bh. 2. 32 ++ - 
 + + iya, 38, 43 ha + i^ r + + +? hami + + + :l, 57-58; Bh. 3. 
 65, 78. hami^bya (nom. pi. f.) Bh. 2. 6-7; Bh. 4. 33-34. 
 hami^bya (acc. pi.) Bh. 4. 34 + + + + + + a. hamiflbyaibis Bh. 
 3. 6. 
 
 *Case not evident from mutilated text. 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 IXDEX VERBORUM 
 
 [har, ‘ flee’: aharata (Oppert; see Tolman Lex. p. 72, s. v. ah, 
 ‘throw’), Bh. 1. 95 + + + + a. 
 
 with prefix ava: avaharta (Weissbach; of. s. v. hard) Bh. 2. 
 
 94 avaha + + .] 
 
 haraiva, ‘Aria': haraiva Bh. 1. 16; Dar. Pers. e. 16; Dar. Alla. 
 22-23 hara + va. 
 
 harauvati, ‘Arachosia’: harauvatis Bh. 1. 17 ha + uvatis; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 1<; Dar. NRa. 24. harauvatim Bh. 3. 55. harau- 
 vatiya Bh. 3. 56, 72 + rauvatiya, 76. 
 
 haruva, ‘whole’: haruva Bh. 1. 40, 80; Bh. 2. 75, 90. 
 
 [hard, ‘leave’. 
 
 with prefix ava: avaharda (Tolman; ef. s. V. har with pre- 
 fix ava; avaha[r + ] Kiug-Thompson) Bh. 2. 94.] 
 
 hV'bana (uzbana Weissbach; see Tolrnan Lex. p. 134), ‘tongue': 
 h‘‘r a banam Bh. 2. 74. 
 
 haldita, pr. n.: halditahya Bh. 3. 79. 
 
 hasiya, ‘true’: hasiyam Bh. 4. 44. 
 
 hi n du, ‘India’: hi"dus Dar. Pers. e. 17-18; Dar. NRa. 25. 
 
 hya, 1) Relative, ‘who’: hya Bh. 1. 21, 22, 49, 51, 84, 93; Bh. 2. 13, 
 16, 18, 21, 23, 31, 51, 66, 84, 95 h + ; Bh. 3. 15, 30, 35, 54, 
 58, 70, 86, [89]; Bh. 4. 37 + ya, [38], 41, [48], 65 (restored 
 by Tolman), 66, 68 Ms, [68], 70, 82, 87; Bh. 5. 18, [34]; 
 Dar. Pers. a. 5-6; Xerx. Pers. aa. 1 , 2 Ms, 3 Ms; ab. 1 , 2 
 Ms, 3 Ms; ac. 1, 2 Ms, 3 bis; ad. 1, 2 Ms, 3 bis; Xerx. Pers. 
 b. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7; Xerx. Pers. ca. 1 , 2 bis, 3, 4; cb. 1 , 2, 3, 
 4, 6; Xerx. Pers. da. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; db. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7; Art. 
 Pers. aa. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; ac. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; ad. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 
 Art. Pers. b. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; Dar. NRa. 1, 2, 3, 3-4, 5; Dar. 
 NRb. 1, 16, 54; Dar. Sz. c. 1 bis, 2, 2 h + , 3 bis; Dar. Elv. 
 2, 3, 4, 5, 7; Xerx. Elv. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Xerx. Van. 2, 3, 4 
 bis, 6. hya Dar. Pers. d. 8. 
 
 2) Article, ‘the’: hya Bh. 1. 39, 44, 46, 53, 64, 65 h + , 70, 79 
 
INDEX VERBORUM 
 
 51 
 
 Us, 85; Bh. 2. [25], 27, 35, 40, 46, 55, 60, 87; Bh. 3. 17, 
 25, 26, 32, 38, 45, 62, 67, 81; Bh. 4. [9], 14, 27, [30]; Bh. 
 b. 2, 5; Bh. d. 5; Bh. h. 6; Bh. i. 7; Bh. k. 2; Dar. Pers. 
 d. 1; Xerx. Pers. ca. 11; cb. 19; Xerx. Sus. 2; Xerx. 
 Elv. 2; Xerx. Van. 1, 18. hya Bh. 1. 8; Bh. a. 12; Dar. 
 Pers. e. 22; Dar. NRa. 56. 
 
 [hya, ‘ whence ’(?) (Bartholomae; see Tolman Lex. p. 134): Dar. 
 Pers. e. 22.] 
 
 hyaparam, ‘thereafter’: Bh. 3. 43, 64-65. 
 
 Numerals 
 
 I. Bh. 1. 36, 74, 77; Bh. 2. [8], 14, 79; Bh. 3. 8, 12, 22, 57, 78; 
 
 Bh. 4. 7, [10], [12], 15, 18, 20, 23, [26], 28; Bh. 5. [5], [7] 
 (Weissbach omits). 
 
 II. Bh. 1. 96; Dar. Weight Inscr. 1. 
 
 V. Bh. 3. 47. 
 
 VII. Bh. 3. 68. 
 
 VIII. Bh. 1. 9; Bh. 2. 36 vi + + ; Bh. a. 14. 
 
 IX. Bh. 1. 10 (with navama), 42; Bh. 2. 47; Bh. 4. 7, 32; Bh. a. 
 
 17 (with navama). 
 
 X. Bh. 1. 56. 
 
 XII. Bh. 3. 39. 
 
 XIII. Bh. 3. 63. 
 
 XIV. Bh. 1. 38. 
 
 XV. Bh. 2. 56. 
 
 XVIII. Bh. 2. 41. 
 
 XIX. Bh. 4. 5. 
 
 XXII. Bh. 2. [98]; Bh. 3. 88. 
 
 XXIII. Bh. 1. 17; Bh. 3. 18. 
 
 XXV. Bh. 2. 69. 
 
 XXVI. Bh. 1. 89. 
 
 XXVII. Bh. 2. 26. 
 
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DATE DUE 
 
PK6121 .T653 
 
 Cuneiform supplement (autographed) to 
 
 Princeton Theological 
 
 Seminary-Speer Library 
 
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