LIBRARY OF PRINCETON 
 
 SEP 16 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
 
 BS 1562 .H37 1905 
 
 Bible. 
 
 The structure of the text 
 
 of 
 
THE STRUCTUEE OF THE TEXT OF 
 THE BOOK OF HOSEA 
 
 LIBRARY OF PRINCETON 
 
 SEP 16 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM RAINEY HARPER 
 
 PEOFE9SOE OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES IN THE 
 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 
 
 1905 
 
Copyright 1905 
 BY WILLIAM RAINEY HARPER 
 
PREFATORY NOTE 
 
 The aim of the following arrangement of the text of Hosea is (1) to present the 
 strophic structure of the various logical units; (2) to indicate clearly later accretions; 
 and (3) to embody such emendations as seem necessary to an understanding of the 
 original thought. 
 
 The justification of the modifications here presented and of the logical divisions 
 suggested may be found in the author's Amos ((ud Hosea ("International Critical 
 Commentary," 1905), where are presented also the views of others upon the logical or 
 strophic structure. In those cases of verbal modification which are supported by 
 other students of the text, the principal authorities are here cited. 
 
 The arrangement of the Hebrew text has already appeared in the American 
 Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. XVII (1900), pp. 1-15; XX 
 (1904), pp. 85-91; XXI (1901), pp. 1-21; while the translation appeared in the 
 Biblical World, January, 1905. But it has seemed worth while to put text and 
 translation together, and to issue it in revised form as a companion piece to the 
 author's recently published Structure of the Text of the Boole of Amos (University of 
 Chicago Press, 1904). 
 
 The translation aims to follow closely the Hebrew idiom, and inasmuch as it was 
 important to have text and translation correspond line for line, the idiom is sometimes, 
 perhaps, more Hebraic than English. 
 
 The original text of the prophecy is printed in large type, explanatory glosses and 
 other later additions being in small type on the margin. The place of the gloss in the 
 Massoretic text is indicated by a star (*), except [a) where the gloss is an entire clause 
 or verse, and as such receives a verse number as in the main text, and (5) within later 
 additions, where the glosses are enclosed in parentheses. Square brackets are employed 
 to indicate words or phrases supposed to have been lost from the Massoretic text and 
 here conjecturally supplied. Missing lines or portions of lines, that cannot be restored, 
 are indicated by stars (*****). 
 
 The following abbreviations are employed : f^QL = the Massoretic text ; (3 = the 
 Septuagint version; IP = the Vulgate; C = the Targum; §> = the Peshitto; 1 = the 
 Old Latin version. 
 
THE STRUCTURE OF IHE TEXT OF THE BOOK 
 
 OF HOSEA 
 
 5J1. THE SUPERSCRIPTION, 1:1 
 
 "bx T^'^r^ -irs mrT^"im 
 
 •'zb'a n"^pTn"i Tnx cnT^ 
 
 "■n n3?n-i"> "iTa^m n-nn-* 
 
 § 2. THE HARLOTRY OF GOMER, THE PROPHET'S WIFE, 1 : 2-9. 
 
 d^jIDt n"Ci< -b-np -|b 1:2 6, c i 
 
 >^ ^ n7jx''i : p lb -ibnn nnni D^bm-nn n-^s-n.s npn -bn 3, 4 « 
 
 vb« nin^ 
 
 bt^ynr rr^r j<^p 4 6.c n 
 
 bxynr rjTn^^ ^mpsi 
 
 5<in^ n^n-by 
 
 : b^^n•^2:^-n^3 nisb7j7j ^nn-j:ni 
 
 b^iTj;^-n"j;p-n« ^nnn"j:i 
 ib^cni"' p7^yn 
 
 lb n:-i<n ra ibni "iiy ^nni 
 
 6a 
 
 Tiy -"cii< sb ^i 
 
THE STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT OF THE BOOK 
 
 OF HOSE A 
 
 § 1. THE SUPERSCRIPTION, 1 : 1 
 
 The word of Yahweh to Hosea, 
 the son of Beeri, in the days 
 of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, 
 and Hezekiah, kings of Ju- 
 dah, and in the days of 
 Jeroboam, son of Joash, 
 king of Israel. 
 
 §2. THE HARLOTRY OF GOMER, THE PROPHET'S WIFE, 1:2-9 
 
 1:2 a In the beginning when Yahweh spoke with Hosea, Ya'hweh 
 said unto Hosea: 
 
 I 2 6, c Go, take to thee a wife of whoredoms, 
 And children of whoredoms; 
 For the land goes a-whoring 
 From after Yahweh. 
 
 3,4 a And he went and took Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim, 
 and she conceived and bore him a son. And Yahweh 
 said unto him: 
 
 II 4 6, c Call his name Jezreel ; 
 
 For yet a little while, 
 And I will avenge the blood of Jezreel 
 Upon the house of Jehu, 
 
 And will cause the kingdom of the house of Israel 
 to cease. 
 5 And it shall come to pass in that day, 
 That I will break the bow of Israel, 
 In the valley of Jezreel. 
 
 6a And she conceived again and she bare a daughter; and 
 he said unto him: 
 
 III 6 6, c Call her name. No-pity ; 
 
 For I will no longer 
 Have pity for the house of Israel, 
 That I should at all forgive them. 
 
 5 
 
The Minor Prophets 
 
 n"'Dic2 n'onb'aa'i nnnm 
 
 ^T^sn :-p nbm inni n-crn i<b-ni< b:^:ni s 
 ^')2y'ifb ri'^ «np 9 iv 
 
 §3. THE PURCHASE OF GOMER AS A SLAVE, AND HER RETENTION 
 
 "MANY DAYS," 3:1-5 
 
 r;'j35< ZmX -b IV 
 b&^nir-'-'in-nj^ nin^ nnnxD 
 : D"nj>' ^-aj^'i-i^ ^^"^<^ 
 "CD ^iry niT'^rn ^b n^sxi 2 
 
 ^b ^-irn D^nn nr^-" 
 ■j:^«b ^^nn 5<bi ^:Tn &<b 
 
 b^^^'^r^ ^:n in-:;"' 
 
 nn::-j 7&<i nzT -"j^i 
 
 bs-iTDi "^in ims"' inx 5 
 ""bs mnsT DDb-o T'lTnxi 
 
 III 
 
 'Reading thus for DDb of iBLff. So also Graetz, -'^3*'^N> is suggested liore instead of the i&E IjS ; an 
 
 Emendationes, etc. (1893) ; Wem.hausen ; Loftman, Kritisk exact i)aralJel for tliis construction is found in (Jen. 31 : 5 = 
 
 UndersOknhig af den Masoretiska Texten till Pro/eten Ho- iby "I'^iV "13 . 
 seas Bok (1894) ; Nowack, Oettm, Hal^vy, Marti. 
 
HOSEA 7 
 
 7 But I will have pity upon the 
 house of Judah, and will 
 
 8 And she weaned No-pity, and conceived and bore a son. deliver them by Yahweh 
 
 . T 1 . ■, their God ; and I will not 
 
 Ana lie said: deliver them by bow, nor 
 
 - -. by sword, nor by equip- 
 
 IV 9 Call Ins name, Not-my-people; ment, nor by horses, nor by 
 
 For ye are not my people, 
 And I am not your God. 
 
 horsemen. 
 
 §3. THE PURCHASE OF GOMER AS A SLAVE, AND HER RETENTION "MANY 
 
 DAYS," 3:1-5 
 
 I 3:1 And Yahweh said unto me: 
 
 Once more go love (this) woman, 
 Beloved of a paramour, and an adulteress, 
 As Yahweh loves the sons of Israel, 
 Although they turn to other gods. 
 And are lovers of cakes of grapes. 
 
 II 2 And so I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver. 
 And a homer of barley and a lethek of barley; 
 3 And I said to her: 
 
 Many days shalt thou sit still for me; 
 
 Thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not 
 
 have a husband; 
 Nor will I be thine. 
 
 in 4 For it is through many days. 
 
 That the sons of Israel shall sit still, 
 Without king and without prince, 
 Without sacrifice and without pillar. 
 Without ephod and teraphim. 
 
 5 Afterward the sons of Israel 
 shall return and seek Yah- 
 weh their God, and David 
 their king, and they shall 
 tremble before Yahweh and 
 his goodness in the end of 
 the days. 
 
8 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 4. ISRAEL'S HARLOTRY AND HER PUNISHMENT THEREFOR, 2:4-7, 10-14, 
 
 15, 19 
 
 
 :n'J2n z"^:i:t ■':3""'D 
 
 bynb iiry* 
 
 12^T D:-i<n 12^"1 2: 4a,c I 
 
 D"::i< nn:T ^d 
 
 nb "nn: ^rci^ ■'S 
 :*nrtTi nb ^n^n-^n rc^i 
 
 II 
 
 nnbnms nb^x nnri 12 
 •^zns'a ^b nrr,: -nrs* 
 
 :>": Sinn DT^n rrrn is 
 : ^byn -ny ^b ■'snpn 
 
 11 III 
 
 u 
 
 in^'n ^]jT ^nnpbi nrl•^^ -pb 
 
 :nnrmw^ niciT'b 
 
 *^b rr^n r;:ni< n^-ix t::^^ 
 
 : Tiiv:n n^n onb^jii 
 r;:.r: rri-rr^ b^^ ^nz-i-ni 13 iv 
 
 Dnb n^r:pn n"i-j< 
 
 n^nn^-^ -nrs -bni 
 ;nin^-DX] nr.r-r ^nxi 
 
HOSEA 
 
 9 
 
 4. ISRAEL'S HARLOTRY AND HER PUNISHMENT THEREFOR, 2:2-5, 8-12, 
 13, 17 [Hebrew: 2:4-7, 10-14, 15, 19] 
 
 I 2: 2a Strive with your mother, strive. 
 
 2c,d That she put away her whoredoms from her face, 
 
 And her adulteries from between her breasts; 
 3 Lest I strip her naked. 
 
 And set her as in the day of her birth, 
 And make her like the wilderness, 
 And set her like dry land, 
 And slay her with thirst. 
 
 II 5 For their mother has become a harlot. 
 
 She that conceived them has behaved shamefully, 
 
 for she said: 
 I will go after my lovers. 
 Who give me my bread and my water 
 My wool and my flax, my oil and my drink. 
 8 For she has not understood, 
 That it was I who gave her 
 The corn and the wine and the oil. 
 And multiplied her silver and gold.* 
 
 Ill 9 Therefore I will take back again my corn in its time, 
 
 And my wine in its season, 
 
 And I will rescue my wool and my flax. 
 
 Given to cover her nakedness. 
 12 a, ft And I will lay waste her vines and her fig trees, 
 
 Of which she has said: these are my rewards. 
 i2d, e And I will make them a thicket. 
 
 And the beasts of the field shall eat them. 
 
 2 b For she is not my wife. 
 And I am not her husband. 
 
 4 Anduponher children I will 
 have no mercy, 
 Because they are the chil- 
 dren of whoredom. 
 
 * which they have used for the 
 Baal. 
 
 10 And now I will uncover her 
 shame 
 In the presence of her lovers, 
 And none shall deliver her 
 out of my hand. 
 12 c Which my lovers have 
 given me. 
 
 IV 11 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 And I will also cause to cease all her mirth, her feasts, 
 Her new moon and her sabbaths and all her festal 
 
 assemblies ; 
 And I will visit upon her the days of the Baalim, 
 In which she made offering to them, 
 And decked herself with her earrings and her jewels. 
 And went after her lovers, 
 And forgot me; it is the oracle of Yahweh. 
 And I will remove the names of the Baalim from 
 
 her mouth. 
 And they shall no more be mentioned by their names. 
 
 16 And it shall be at that day, 
 it is the oracle of Yahweh, 
 thou shalt call me Ishi, and 
 shalt call me no more Baali. 
 
10 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 § 5. LATER VOICES DESCRIBING ISRAEL'S RETURN TO YAHWEH, 2 : 8, 9, 16, 
 
 17, 20-25, 1-3 
 
 A. ISRAEL'S RETURN, 2:8. 9 
 
 D^n-cn 'nr"--ni< --i— ;:n -pb 2=8 
 
 ■p-i'^^^n ^■i•"^5 bj5 nzvi-i^i n^b^^ 
 
 invirc 75< "b nit: ^s 
 
 B. ISRAEL'S RESTORATION TO FAVOR, 2:16, 17 
 
 n^ns^j "-:x r;:n pb 2=16 
 : riab-by "n"a-n ^m-^n n^n.bm 
 
 nw-2 nri^^-n.s nb "nn:i n 
 nipn nnsb nis^" p'^y-n5<i 
 
 :D^nrj v^jj^-i nniby dv^i 
 
 '1 rECTSDT pnrn* 
 
 C. YAHWEH'S COVENANT AND BETROTHAL, 2:20-22 
 
 ^^inn or 2 n^^n onb ^nn^i 2:20 
 
 ■pj<n--7j niT^^j^ n"^nb--i n^m n'::pi 
 Dbi:?b ^b -^n"^^i<i : nr^nb D^nzD-i-ni -'i 
 
 : n"-:n^2i ncrz *^b yn^^si 
 :nin^-n5< m-in nzr^j^n ^b -;"n':;n^<i 22 
 
 ■^n instead of "^ ; so (5, S ; also Ooet, op. cit., p. 333; testament Uche Untersuchungen,\o\. I, p. 11, reads rT^SII ; 
 
 Graetz, op. cit.; VVellhacsen, Loftman, Guthe, in so Nowack; this is favored by S, E, and the following 
 
 Kautzsch's Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments; G. A. nTll^Ti: • 
 Smith, op. cit., p. 245; Oettli; Marti. Bachmann, All- 
 
HOSEA 11 
 
 5. LATER VOICES DESCRIBING ISRAEL'S RETURN TO YAHWEH, 2:6. 7, 14, 
 15, 18-23 ; 1 : 10—2 : 1 [Hebrew : 2 : 8, 9, 16, 17, 20 25, 1-3] 
 
 A. ISRAEL'S RETURN, 2:6, 7 
 
 2: 6 Therefore, behold, I am going to hedge up her way 
 
 with thorns. 
 And build her a wall, that she may not find her 
 
 paths ; 
 7 And she will pursue her lovers and not overtake 
 
 them ; 
 And she will seek them and not find them, and will 
 
 say: 
 Let me go and return to my former husband, 
 For it was better with me then, than now, 
 
 B. ISRAEL'S RESTORATION TO FAVOR, 2:14, 15 
 
 2:14 Therefore, behold, I am going to allure her, 
 
 And bring her into the wilderness; and I will speak 
 to her heart; 
 15 And I will give to her from there her vineyards, 
 And the valley of Achor for a door of hope. 
 And there she shall respond as in the days of her 
 
 youth. 
 And as in the day when she came up from the land 
 of Egypt. 
 
 C. YAHWEH'S COVENANT AND BETROTHAL, 2:18-20 
 
 2:18 And I will make for them a covenant in that day, 
 
 With the beasts of the field and the fowl of the 
 
 heavens and the creeping things of the earth. 
 And the bow and the sword and war I will break out 
 
 of the land; 
 
 19 And I will make them lie down in safety. Yea, I 
 
 will betroth thee to me forever, 
 Yea, I will betroth thee to me* in kindness and in * in righteousness and in judg- 
 mercy •"'^"*- 
 
 20 Yea, I will betroth thee to me in faithfulness, and 
 
 thou shalt know Yahweh, 
 
12 The Minor Prophets 
 
 D. BOUNTEOUS BLESSINGS FOR ISRAEL, 2:23-25 
 
 ^Tir^ nrz r-rn^ 2=23 i 
 
 ■p^^a ^b ri^n^nii 25 
 
 ir>2'rr\ j^b-n^ ^n^^nm m 
 
 nni<-^72y rj3?-&<bb ^nn7jsi 
 ^nb5< n:it5^ ^51^1 
 
 E. GREAT NUMBERS AND NEW NAMES, 2:1-3 
 
 D^n bin:: bs^-^r^-^ra nsc:^ rrrr\ 2= i i 
 ^sc^ «bi T^^-j5b nirj^ 
 Dni< ^7j3?-«b onb ^'2)ic n-jj« oip^^n n^m 
 pn-bi< ^3n nnb n:jj<^ 
 
 nn^ b^^n-^r^ ^:ni min^-^n innp:^ 2 n 
 pi5<n-p ibs^'i nnj^ "i'i^n onb rjiri 
 
 :bic"n7^ or bn:* ^d 
 
 3 
 
 §6. YAHWEH'S COXTEXTIOX WITH ISRAEL ON ACCOUNT OF SINS 
 ENCOURAGED BY THE PRIESTS, 4:1-19 
 
 nin^ ^m ^tz"^ 4: 1 
 bsnir-' ^Dn 
 nin^b n^n ^5 
 
 :-pxn D^nbi^ nyi-fsi 
 
HOSEA 13 
 
 D. BOUNTEOUS BLESSINGS FOR ISRAEL, 2:21-23 
 
 I 2:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, 
 
 That I will respond, it is the oracle of Yahweh, 
 
 I will respond to the heavens, 
 
 And they shall respond to the earth. 
 
 II 22 And the earth shall respond to the corn, 
 And the wine and the oil; 
 And they shall respond to Jezreel. 
 23a And I will sow her unto me in the land. 
 
 Ill 23 6-cf And I will have pity upon the unpitied one (No-pity), 
 And I will say to Not-my-people: thou art my 
 
 people ; 
 And they will say: thou art my God. 
 
 E. GREAT NUMBERS AND NEW NAMES, 1:10-2:1 
 
 I 1:10 And the number of the children of Israel shall be as 
 
 the sand of the sea, 
 Which cannot be measured nor numbered. 
 And instead of its being said to them: Ye are "not 
 
 my people," 
 They shall be called, "the sons of the living God." 
 
 II 11 And the children of Judah and the children of Israel 
 shall be gathered together. 
 And they shall appoint for themselves one head, and 
 
 they shall go up out of the land. 
 For great shall be the day of Jezreel. 
 2: 1 Say ye to your brother, "my people," and to your 
 sister, "compassionated." 
 
 §6. YAHWEH'S CONTENTION WITH ISRAEL ON ACCOUNT OF SINS 
 ENCOURAGED BY THE PRIESTS, 4:1-19 
 
 I 4: 1 Hear the word of Yahweh, 
 O children of Israel; — 
 Yahweh has a contention 
 With the inhabitants of the land; 
 For there is no truth, nor love, 
 Nor knowledge of God in the land; 
 
14 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 -s:i z:3i n:m •zr.'z^ r;bx 
 
 •pxn busn -p-by 
 nn n^v bs bb^^xi 
 
 DT^irn rpyni m-i-n n^m 
 
 :t:2b^ 7n^-^<b Dyi 
 
 ^b -Hj^j '-jc^^/^i^i 
 ynbx nnin n^-^ni 
 
 II 
 
 14(1 
 
 ■•b" 
 
 < For Tan of iHC ; so (5, Beck, BOckel, Wellhausen, 
 Bachmann, Ruben, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, ct al. 
 
 ^For ■i3''"l'0D of iHC; so Beck, BOckel, Mosapp 
 {ZA \V., Vol. V, p. 185), G. A. Smith, Oettli. 
 
 6 Cf. G. A. Smith, who also joins 'ir\2 with vs. '> as a 
 vocative, while Beck reads "jriDn as a vocative at tlio end 
 of vs. 4. 
 
 " So Wellhausen, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. Note the 
 absence of tlie article in tlio correspondiiiK nb"^b and the 
 difficulty of rendering Ql^n by day, as the context roijuires. 
 
 *ist2n -p Dn-^D 7 III 
 :'"iTrn -ibpn mini 
 
 rsnn rb:? "mpsi 
 nb n^'i"« rbby7ji 
 lyn-::'' i^bi ibDSl 10 
 
 :'-h7-:^b] inT>" nin-'-ni<-^D 
 
 lb Tj^ ibpn 
 
 "So many MSS. and naost commentators. 'JSDS'DiiT 
 of iHiE is a copyist's error. 
 
 1" So 5, ST; andGEioER, Urtext, p. S16; RovTan A, Theolo- 
 gi.tch TijViscfcrt/^, Vol. IX, p.60;Oort;Valeton; Ruben ; G. 
 .A.. Smith; Marti; c/. Buhl. Zeitschrift fUr kirchliche Wis- 
 senschaft, 1881, pp. 227 sg. iHST, T^'JOX . is unsuitable here. 
 
 "So (5; and Wellhausen, Oort, Valeton, Bach- 
 .maxn, Nowack. iHJT, '12I'1D'^< is unintolligiblo hero. 
 
 •'•iTliis ouglit perhaps to be omitted; for (1) it is super- 
 fluous to the sense and rhythm, (2) no other case occurs of 
 b with the infinitive following 2T7 • 
 
HOSEA 15 
 
 2 But swearing and lying and killing and stealing and 
 
 committing adultery; 
 They break into (houses), blood striking blood. 
 
 3 Therefore the land mourns, 
 
 And every denizen in it languishes. 
 
 Even to the beasts of the field and the fowl of the 
 
 heavens, 
 While even the fish of the sea are taken away. 
 
 II 4 Still let none find fault. 
 And let none reprove, 
 
 Since my people are but like their priestlings; 
 14 e Yea, a people stupid (and) falling to ruin. 
 
 5 O priest, thou shalt fall by day. 
 
 And the prophet also shall fall with thee, 
 And by night I will destroy thy mother. 
 
 6 My people will be destroyed by reason of their lack 
 
 of knowledge. 
 Because thou hast rejected knowledge, 
 I reject thee from being priest to me; 
 And because thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, 
 I will forget thy children, even I. 
 
 Ill 7 According to their number so they sin*; *againstme. 
 
 They have exchanged their glory for shame. 
 
 8 They feed on the sin of my people. 
 
 And unto their iniquity they lift up their souls. 
 
 9 And so it becomes like people, like priest: 
 And I will visit punishment upon his ways, 
 And his deeds I will requite to him. 
 
 10 And they shall eat and not find satisfaction. 
 
 And they shall commit adultery and not find satis- 
 faction : 
 
 For they have left off heeding Yahweh. 
 12 a, 6 Yea, my people ask counsel at their wood; 
 
 Their staff declares to them the oracle. 
 
16 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 n52i mis ^D* 
 
 *nb5<i n;nbi -pbs nnn 
 
 hd^jTH ^d DS^ni:n-b3? nipss-^b 
 -:si<:n ^d DS^nibD-byi 
 
 11 IV 
 
 12 c,d 
 
 14 a,b,c 
 
 min^ D"j:'H^-bj< 
 
 b3b:n 1^5nn-bx1 
 
 ■1^^ n^n ibyn-bxi 
 
 :-m7::n ^nsD nin^ Dn"* nn:? 
 
 i3Tn riDTn ''o^xnb nb 
 in^Dsi: -ibp'^hnnx 
 
 16 
 
 19 
 
 i^For nynn of SEE; so S, F, and Geaetz, Bach- 
 MANx, RuBKN, Wellhausen, Nowack, Ooet, Oettli, 
 Hal^vy. 
 
 i*This insertion is justified by the parallelism which 
 calls for the name of a town in this lino, and by the analogy 
 of Amos 5:5; 8:14. So Wellhausen and Nowack. Note 
 also the paronomasia in the lino as roconstnictod. 
 
 15 So HouTS.MA, Theologisch Tijdxchrift, Vol. IX, p. 60; 
 Wellhausen; Oettli; Marti. ^2C, DXDO "10. defies 
 interpretation, 
 
 ifiOmit 13ri of iHE with (S, S, F, and some Hebrew 
 MSS. ; soalsoSErKER, Datiie, KuinOl, Newcome, Hitzig, 
 OoRT, Valeton, Guthe, (ikaetz, Ruben, G. A. Smith, 
 Nowack, Hal^vy, et al. 
 
 HFor DniniT'Q of iHiir; so S, E, Old Latin, Arabic, 
 and Wellhausen, Winckler iUntcr.iuchungcn), Bach- 
 MANN, OoRT, Valeton, Ruben, Guthe, Nowack, David- 
 son (Hastings's Dictionary of tlw Bible, Vol. 11, p. 425), 
 Oettli, Marti. H^T tloos not form a plural with the 
 feminine ending. Cf. 8 : 11. 
 
HOSEA 17 
 
 IV 11 Harlotry and new wine take away the brain, 
 i2c,d For the spirit of harlotry has led them astray, 
 
 And they have played the harlot from under their 
 God. 
 13 Upon the tops of the mountains they sacrifice, 
 And upon the hills they make offerings. 
 
 Under oaks and poplars and terebinths.* *because good is their shade. 
 
 Therefore your daughters commit harlotry, 
 And your spouses commit adultery. 
 ua-d I will not punish your daughters because they com- 
 mit harlotry; 
 Nor your spouses because they commit adultery; 
 For they themselves with harlots go astray, 
 And with consecrated harlots they sacrifice. 
 
 V 15 Although thou, O Israel, play the harlot, 
 Let Judali not become guilty. 
 Come not to Gilgal, 
 Nor go up to Beth-aven; 
 
 And swear not, in Beersheba, "By the life of 
 Yahweh." 
 
 16 Yea, like a stubborn heifer, Israel acts stubbornly. 
 Can Yahweh now feed them like a lamb in a broad 
 
 place ? 
 
 17 Ephraim is wedded to idols; leave him alone. 
 
 18 A band of topers ! they devote themselves to harlotry. 
 Her rulers have fallen in love with shame. 
 
 19 A wind has enwrapped her in its wings, 
 And they will be ashamed of their altars. 
 
18 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 §7. THE GUILT OF PRIESTS AND PRINCES, 5:1-14 
 
 nsrjb Dn^^n ns-^^ 
 mnn-b:? nirrs nim 
 
 :Dbsb xrj ''7x1 
 
 ^3-::"2 nn^o-^^b bxnir-i 
 
 D^^sx n^DTH ''nn« ^d 
 
 : b^iTC' 'i<?^t:D 
 
 Qn-^bb3?7j iDn-' s<b 4 n 
 nn^nbs-b^^ nrjjb 
 
 :iyn^ ^b nin^-n^^i 
 Vjsn bsn"j;^-"p!j^3 nj3?i 5 
 
 D-iipnaT n:ssn* nin^-n>^ ^pnb *iib^ e 
 
 :nn7j ybn i5<rj^-«bi 
 
 :Dn"pbn-n5< 'j:nn nb^^^^ nn:? 
 
 "bx-n^nn ir^n 
 
 n^nn n^j'j^b n^nss 
 
 nnDin nrn 
 
 :n":5<D "^nmn bj^^-::-' ^t^nirn 
 
 III 
 
 11 For iHil D'^PIP ni2mBl ; so Umbeeit, Well- 
 HAUSEN, C'hetne (CambiiiiKd Hihlo), Ruben, G. A. Smith, 
 NowACK, OoRT, Marti; c/. Valeton. 
 
 i!>For iHiS: i;XT ; so Cheyne, op. cit. 
 
 2rtFor iHJE npy ; so Wellhausen and Oettli. 
 
 21 iH JT, 'TIX n^3 . is a later term of reproach applied to 
 
 Bothol ; so HiTZiG, Wei.lhausen, and Nowack. The inser- 
 tion of the preposition is justified by the parallels in the 
 two preceding linos. 
 
 22 Cf. (5 and Old Latin ; so Wellhadsen, Graetz, 
 Ruben, Nowack, Oort, Marti. {BE, T^inK. yields no 
 satisfactory meaning. 
 
HOSEA 19 
 
 §7. THE GUILT OF PRIESTS AND PRINCES, 5:1-14 
 
 I 5:1 Hear this, O priests. 
 
 And hearken, O house of Israel, 
 And, O house of the king, give ear; 
 Because for you is the judgment. 
 For a snare ye have become at Mizpah, 
 And a net spread on Tabor. 
 
 2 The pit of Shittim they have made deep. 
 And there is no correction for any of them. 
 
 3 I know Ephraim, 
 
 And Israel is not hid from me. 
 
 Yea, thou, O Ephraim, hast played the harlot; 
 
 Israel is defiled. 
 
 II 4 Their doings do not permit them 
 To return to their God: 
 For the spirit of harlotry is within them. 
 And Yahweh they do not know. 
 
 5 And the pride of Israel shall testify to his face. 
 
 And Ephraim* shall stumble in his guilt. *and Israel. 
 
 Judah also shall stumble with them. 
 
 6 They will go to seek Yahweh* *With their flocks and with 
 
 And they will not find him — he has withdrawn from 
 them. 
 
 7 They have dealt faithlessly with Yahweh, 
 For they have begotten strange children : 
 
 The (next) new moon may destroy them with their 
 portions. 
 
 Ill 8 Blow the trumpet in Gibeah, 
 The cornet in Ramah; 
 Cry aloud in Bethel; 
 Make Benjamin to tremble. 
 9 Ephraim shall become a desolation, 
 In the day of punishment. 
 
 Against Israel's tribes I make known that which is 
 sure. 
 
20 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 t:5"j:/j '"'pin D^nsx "p-ucij' n 
 : ''M1l2:-^-l^^< ibn b^j<^n"^D 
 
 rbn-nx n^^ss 5<nn 
 
 nrJ:^5-b^^ nn£i< -jbn 
 
 nT -jb■J-b^^ '-''Lb^^n-:;^] nbir^l 
 
 DDb i^snb bDV &<b u^im 
 
 mrj Dj"^ -''nn:r-«bT 
 
 n^ns,v<b bniTD ^Dj« ^s 
 
 '"b&<nir^ n^nb n^sSDi 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 IV 
 
 §8. ISRAEL'S FITFUL REPENTANCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO REMOVE THE 
 GUILT WHICH IS MANIFEST TO ALL, 5:15—7:7 
 
 ■'^jip^^-bi^ nnri:5^ -b^^ 5=15 i 
 
 : ■'jsnn'j:^ onb 1:^2 
 nin^-bs nnrj::i isb *'[n-2sb] 6= 1 
 
 ^wbwn Dm Drj^7j irn^ 
 rssb n"n:i ir^p'^ 
 
 2:t^E, rTlin^, lifire and in vss. 12 sqq. and 5:4 is a 
 later substitute for bSlTU''; so Marti, Geschichte der 
 isruelitigchen Religion^, p. 119, and Encyclopadia Biblica, 
 col. 2122 ; and Nowack. 
 
 2^So ffi and Old Latin; and Oort, Valeton, Well- 
 HAUSEN, Nowack, Oettli. iHJE points both participles as 
 passives, but this renders the syntax rou(,'li and irregular. 
 
 2&So (5, S, ST, Old Latin; and Dathe, Bauer, Steiner, 
 Si.MaoN, Cheyne (Cambridgo Bible), Oort, Graetz, Ruben, 
 Loftman, Guthe, G. a. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. 
 jWSC, 12 1 is unintelligible. 
 
 26 See note 23. 
 
 27 The parallelism requires the insertion of a subject for 
 n^CI, and "Israel" is bettor than "Judah;" so Bach- 
 
 MANN, Nowack, and Cheyne (Encyclopaedia Biblica, col. 
 2331); for contrary view see KuinOl, Sayce {Babylonian 
 and Oriental Record, Vol. II, p. 21), Wellhausen, Oettli, 
 and Hal^vy. 
 
 2.'<^JJ, nn^'^; but since HH^ is intransitive in Syriac, 
 it is bettor to point as Hiph'il; so Wellhausen, Nowack, 
 Bachmann, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 29So Wellhausen, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. i&E 
 I'Q'ICS^ ; but ncntlior of the meanings of this verb is suit- 
 able hero. Cf. <5, F, and Old Latin. 
 
 3«Suppliedby «5 and S. 
 
 31 So 55; and Wellhausen, Bachmann, G. A. Smith, 
 Nowack, Oettli, Marti. iHJT, ^t, is without analogy. 
 
HOSEA 21 
 
 10 The princes of Israel have become 
 Like landmark removers: 
 
 Upon them I will pour out my wrath like water. 
 
 11 Ephraim practices oppression! He breaks down 
 
 right ! 
 Because he has determined to go after vanity, 
 
 IV 12 And it is I who am like a moth to Ephraim, 
 Like rottenness to the house of Israel. 
 
 13 And so Ephraim saw his sickness, 
 And Israel his sore; 
 
 And Ephraim went to Assyria, 
 
 And Israel sent to king Jareb; 
 
 But he cannot heal you. 
 
 Nor will he relieve you of your wound. 
 
 14 For I myself will be like a lion to Ephraim, 
 And like a young lion to the house of Israel. 
 I, even I, will rend and get me away; 
 
 I will carry off and none shall rescue. 
 
 8. ISRAEL'S FITFUL REPENTANCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO REMOVE THE 
 GUILT WHICH IS MANIFEST TO ALL: 5:15—7:7 
 
 I 5:15 I will return again to my place. 
 
 Until they are confounded and seek my face. 
 In their distress they will seek me. 
 6: 1 (Saying) come, let us turn unto Yahweh, 
 For he has torn that he may heal us, 
 And he has smitten that he may bind us up. 
 2 He will revive us after two or three days; 
 
 He will establish us that we may live before him. 
 
22 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 nin^-nj^ nyib nsn^s widi 
 
 4 II 
 
 b "T'ip niD mini"D3 ii« 
 
 n^nn i-^n:? mi<D n^jni 
 
 "pi^ ^b3?s n^np n3?b: 
 : D-:j nnpy 
 
 : bi^n-iT^ J<7::t2D 
 
 III 
 
 32 So GiESEBEECHT, Beitrdge zur Jesaiakritik, p. 208; 
 Wellhausen ; Smend, Alttestanientliche Religionsge- 
 schichte, p. 210; Valeton; (i. A. Smith; Nowack; Marti; 
 Ooet; c/. Ruben. iH2C"|l33 iniDD- 
 
 ■'■i So (5 ami Old Latin, aud authorities cited in note 32. 
 
 34 So «S, <S, SebOk, Pebles (.Analekten, p. 90), Nowack, 
 Ooet, Oettli, Maeti. iHC, H"!!^- 
 
 30 See note 23. 
 
 36So ffi, 5, and Old Latin; and Dathe, Bauee, 
 RosenmUllee, Hitzig, Ewald, Simson, Keil, WUn- 
 scHE, Nowack, \V. R. Smith (Prophets, p. ;389), Okelm, 
 (jHEyne (Cambridge Bible), Ooet, Bachmann, Well- 
 hausen, Geaetz, Valeton, Ruben, Guthe, (J. A. Smith, 
 
 Oettli, Hal^vy. M^, IIS T^TSSTCQ. is evidently an 
 error. 
 
 37 So (5 and Old Latin; and Ruben; c/. Gaednee (^nier- 
 ican Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures., Vol. 
 
 XVIII, p. 180). iHJT, inn. 
 
 3» The unusual use of the maqqcph hero has often been 
 noted. It furnishes strong traditional support for the 
 arrangement of the line hero adopted. 
 
 3'JSo Wellhausen, Preuschen {ZA \V., Vol. XV, p. 30), 
 Ruben, Ooet, Nowack, Oettli. Cf. lO:!.") and Amos 5:6. 
 
 <uSo Wellhausen, Pbeuschen {loc. cit.), Nowack, 
 Oettli. This is better than iHJL, b P^IT; cf. fT^STn. 5:3, 
 where the same statement is made. 
 
HosEA 23 
 
 3 Yea, let us know, let us be zealous to know Yahweh. 
 When we seek him, then we shall find him ; 
 And he will come as the winter rain to us, 
 As the spring rain which waters the earth. 
 
 II 4 What can I make of you, O Ephraim! 
 What can I make of you, O Israel ! 
 Since your love is like a morning-cloud. 
 Yea, like the dew which early goes away. 
 ********** 
 
 5 Therefore I have hewn them by the prophets, 
 I have slain them by the words of my mouth, 
 And my judgment is like the light which goes forth. 
 
 6 For it is love that I delight in and not sacrifice; 
 Yea, knowledge of God, and not burnt-offerings. 
 
 Ill 7 But they like men have transgressed the covenant; 
 There they have betrayed me. 
 
 8 Gilead is a city of evil-doers, 
 Tracked with bloody foot -prints. 
 
 9 And as bandits lie in wait for a man. 
 The priests hide themselves on the road. 
 
 They murder those going to Shechem, yea, villainy 
 they commit. 
 10 In Bethel I have seen a horrible thing, 
 
 There, Ephraim, thou hast played the harlot; 
 
 Israel is defiled. ll a Judah, for thee also is 
 
 set a harvest. 
 
24 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 Dn 1713 -n:n ^12D ■» "^. i> 
 
 ***** bsT::^b '' "j^snn 
 
 ■pnn ^in:; t:"j:3 
 
 nnnbn ''iT^y^ bni 
 
 "n^DT omn biD 
 
 Dn"bby:^ nin:nc nny 
 
 Vn ^j3 133 
 
 D-'Si^j"^ Dbs D^nir on^'j^nsni 
 
 ibnn I35b7j di^ 
 
 ■frj n^in D^^^ 
 
 D"i2::b-n^5 IT .j^^j 
 
 nnnxn Dzb ni:n:D ''i^yn-^s 
 
 "D-Ey; -jTu^ nb^bn-bs 
 
 :nnnb 'ir'x:: ^3>n i<in ^pn 
 
 niDins rjn^ nbs 
 
 DJi^Dsir nx ib5«i 
 
 ib53 on^Db-j bD 
 
 116 IV 
 
 7: 1 
 
 3 
 4 a" 
 
 §9. THE CONFUSION OF THE NATION, 7:8 8:3 
 
 y'T-ad j^ini ins d^^t ibrx 
 
 10 
 
 *l This is supported by (S and tho parallol ""^ITS^ ; so 
 also OoRT, Marti. 
 
 <2Some such word as this is roquirod by tho parallolisin 
 and the motor. 
 
 <'STho JHd b TlTSX"^ is obscure and furnishes no satis- 
 factory connection witli tho context. On this use of "127 
 cf. Deut. 2.j:8; and for the charge of fickleness thus pre- 
 ferred against Israel, cf.i-.l sqq. ; 6 : 7 ; 7 : 13 ; 10 : 4, 13 ; 11 : 12 ; 
 12:1. 
 
 "So Wellhaiskn, OoRT, Vai>eton, Nowack. Marti; 
 but c/. Oettli. me has irTQTC. 
 
 DH^nbi^ nin^-bi^ in-:: 5<bi 
 :n&^T bDn irTj:pn j<bi 
 
 «iHJE riDS^ rriyia ; as above, Oort.Wellhausen, 
 Valeton, Nowack, Oettli. 
 
 i«iH2r T^y^a ; as above, CS, 1L, and Oort, Valeton, 
 Nowack, Oettli. 
 
 *'' So (S. £SLE is IS'lp , which furnishes no satisfactory 
 meaning. 
 
 ■"•So .5, E, and many Hebrew MSS.; also Dathe. 
 WOnsche, Houtsma, Schmoller, Cheyne (Cambridge 
 Bible), W. R. Smith (Prophets, p. 413), Wellhadsen, Vale- 
 ton, Ruhen. (it the, Nowack, G. A. Smith, Oettli, Marti, 
 etal. iHJE has CnSS- 
 
HOSEA 
 
 25 
 
 IV 11 b When I would turn the captivity of my people, 
 7: 1 When I would heal Israel, [I hold back (?)] 
 For the guilt of Ephraim discovers itself 
 And the evils of Samaria [appear J — 
 How they practice fraud and the thief comes in, 
 And bandits roam abroad without! 
 2 They are not steadfast in their heart. 
 All their evil I will record; 
 Now their deeds have encompassed them, 
 They have come to be before me. 
 
 V 3 In their wickedness they anoint kings, 
 
 4 a" And in their treacheries, princes ; since they are all 
 
 adulterers. 
 
 5 On the day of our king they are become sick, 
 The princes, with fever from wine; 
 
 He stretched forth his hand with loose fellows. 
 
 6 For like an oven their hearts burn with their 
 
 intriguing. 
 All night their anger sleeps; 
 In the morning it blazes like a flame of fire; 
 
 7 All of them glowing like an oven, 
 They devour their rulers. 
 
 All their kings have fallen, 
 
 No one among them calling for me. 
 
 4 or, b They are like a burn- 
 ing oven whose baker ceases 
 to stir up the flame, from the 
 kneading of the dough until 
 its leavening. 
 
 §9. THE CONFUSION OF THE NATION, 7:8—8:3 
 
 I 7: 8 Ephraim — among the nations he lets himself be 
 mixed. 
 Ephraim — he has become a cake not turned. 
 9 Strangers have devoured his strength and he knows 
 it not; 
 Yea, gray hairs are sprinkled upon him and he 
 knows it not; 
 10 And the pride of Israel has witnessed against him, 
 Yet they do not return unto Yahweh, their God, 
 And they do not seek him for all this ; 
 
26 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 "Dn-;^b '"ynirn '"Dna^jj; 12 c 
 
 n^bn nT:;^^ ii<^p D^nrj 
 ^n-i'n D-^b^' iri-nsx '^ub^-^wSS 12 a, 6 
 
 n^yb ni* 
 
 "31:70 'mr^s nnb "i&< 13 n 
 "3 lyirs-"^ Dnb tj: 
 
 ******* D135< "DDi<1 
 
 Dnbn "bx ^pyi sbi u 
 ^n^ni pn-b:? "DninsT-j-b" ib^b-^^-^s 
 
 nnrs "^min bn 
 
 8:lo 
 
 ^sir "j^n bi^ 
 
 bs"i'j:" liDyi" 'nbi< ipy'T" "b 2 
 : ism" n"i^5 nit: b^^n-^^ nsi 3 
 
 III 
 
 o^C D'1''P"'K ; as above, Geaetz, Nowack, Gettli, 
 Hal^vy. 
 
 to^m yOTpS ; as above, Gardner, American Journal 
 of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. XVIII, p. 180; 
 cf. Ps. It) : 11 ; Job 10 : 15 ; U : 1. 
 
 51 iHSC Drnyb ; as above, «5, Gardner. 
 i2iKE DninStJlO ; as above, Gardner. 
 
 MS&E I'T^ian'^ ; as above, <!5, Hoijtsma, SebOk, 
 VoLLERs, ('heyne, Graetz, Wellhausen, Gdthe, Revised 
 Version (margin), Nowaok, G. A. Smith, Gettli, Marti, 
 et al. 
 
 5«^2E ^"l^D^ ; as above, Houtsma, Nowack, Gettli, 
 Marti. 
 
 SoiHSE by iib ; as above, Marti, Ruben, Nowack. 
 
 sfiiHil "ITUSS ; as above, Wellhausen, G. A. Smith. 
 
HOSEA 
 
 27 
 
 12 c I will chastise them by the abundance of their 
 afflictions. 
 
 11 And so Ephraim has become like a foolish dove 
 
 without understanding: 
 To Egypt they cry, to Assyria they go. 
 
 12 a, 6 As they go I will spread over them my net, 
 
 Like birds of the air I will bring them down. 
 
 II 13 Alas for them that they have strayed from me! 
 
 Destruction to them that they have rebelled against 
 
 me! 
 And shall I redeem them ***** 
 When they have spoken lies about me? 
 
 14 And they have never cried unto me with their heart ; 
 But they keep howling beside their altars for corn 
 
 and new wine; 
 They cut themselves, they rebel against me. 
 
 15 Although it was I who trained and strengthened 
 
 their arms, 
 
 16 Yet concerning me they keep thinking (only) evil; 
 
 they turn to Baal; 
 They have become like a bow which swerves; 
 Their princes shall fall by the sword. 
 Because of the insolence of their tongues,* in the land 
 
 of Egypt. 
 
 Ill 8: la To thy mouth with the trumpet I 
 
 For the eagle (comes down) upon the house of 
 Yahweh. 
 
 2 To me they will (then) cry, 
 
 My God, we know thee, we Israel. 
 
 3 Israel has spurned the good ; let the foe pursue him. 
 
 * this their scorn 
 
 1 b Because they have trans- 
 gressed my covenant. 
 And trespassed against my 
 law. 
 
28 
 
 The Minor Prophet's 
 
 §10. ISRAEL'S KINGS AND IDOLS DISPLEASING AND DESTRUCTIVE, 8:4-14 
 
 ^T2i2 ifb^ irb7^n on 8: 4 i 
 t'jT'pa nbDTi xb ^nia"i7* *nn ^3i< mn 5 6 
 
 i<in D^nbx-xbi in*:::' "jjnn 
 
 nn "pDn T'X •h'DD sc 
 
 nny D'^nsn iDni ^d"D5 10 
 Dsrnps 
 
 
 n-^:: "nb ^i^ n'cp 
 
 ri72p^mrr ^ba 
 
 nn>'bn^ d^-it tizT ^b^^ 
 
 nTj;« lb::? n'zri ^D 9 
 
 lb -n^u «ns 
 
 : Nt^nb ninnT7j ib-rn 
 
 ibD^^l "iiaa inni^ ^nnnn ^rai 13 
 D:in xb niH" 
 Dnj^tiH ips^i DDi:? ^DT^ nn3? 
 
 57 jKJC ^I'jjjy ; for above, soe ^mos and Rosea, p. 314. 
 s»;fflE: JIjT ; as above, Ookt, Wellhausen, Valeton, 
 
 NOWACK. 
 
 ii«iHE X^m ; as above, S, Wellhausen, Geaetz, 
 Guthe, Nowack, Oettli, Gardner, Maeti. 
 
 BOjHJT QI^^TD 13; as above, OoRT and Now ACK. 
 til ^2E "lb ; as above, Wellhausen and Marti. 
 
 021KIE i{JS'52')p tSya ^bn^l; asabove, CS, e.WELL- 
 hausen, Goet, Kuenen, Geelli, Cheyne, Ruben, Geaetz, 
 Valeton, Loftman, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Hal^vy, 
 Marti. 
 
 63 So Knhlbh; Q^rl, 13"1. 
 
 *>*£&E irnlr\ ; as above, ffi, F, and most modem 
 commentators. 
 
HOSEA 
 
 29 
 
 *That they may be cut off. 
 
 *How long will they be in- 
 capable of punishment? 
 
 §10. ISRAEL'S KINGS AND IDOLS DISPLEASING AND DESTRUCTIVE, 8:4-14 
 
 18:4 Since they have made kings but not from me, 
 
 And since they have made princes but I knew (them) 
 
 not. 
 With their silver and their gold made by them into 
 idols,* 
 5 6 Mine anger is kindled against them, 
 
 5 a I loathe thy calf, O Samaria,* 
 
 6 For out of Israel is it, 
 A smith made it and it is not God ; 
 Like splinters Samaria's calf shall become. 
 
 II 7 For they sow wind and they reap whirlwind: 
 A seed which has no stalk. 
 Which yields no grain. 
 
 If perchance it were to yield, strangers would 
 devour it. 
 8a, 6 Israel is swallowed up; already are they among the 
 
 nations. 
 9 For they have gone up to Assyria, 
 
 A wild ass taking his way by himself : 
 Ephraim gives love gifts. 
 
 8 c Like a vessel in which 
 there is no pleasure. 
 
 Ill 11 
 
 13 
 
 For Ephraim has made many altars — 
 
 They are to him altars — for sinning. 
 
 Were I to write for him by myriads my laws. 
 
 As those of a stranger they would be accounted. 
 
 My offerings of * * * :f: * they sacrifice flesh and they 
 
 eat it, 
 Yah well having no delight in them. 
 Now must he remember their guilt and visit their sin, 
 Since to Egypt they shall return. 
 
 10 If they give themselves 
 among the nations, I must 
 now gather them in; 
 And they must cease for a 
 while from the anointing 
 of kings and princes. 
 
 14 And so Israel forgot his 
 
 maker and buUt palaces, 
 And Judah multiplied 
 
 fenced cities; 
 And so I will send fire upon 
 
 his cities; 
 And it shall devour his 
 
 palaces. 
 
30 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 §11- 
 
 ISRAEL'S EXILE A BREAKING UP OF SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS HABITS, 
 
 9:1-9 
 
 b-i:i~5i«* 
 
 irk-^ 
 
 ■^nbs-Dy* 
 
 :Dnxi:n -iipDi 
 
 eijBE D?"!^ ; as above, (5, Houtsma, Wellhausen, 
 Ooet,(tUthe, Ruben, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 >M^E n3 ; as above, (5, V, S, SE, Dathe, Ewald, 
 Bauer, Wellhausen, Geaetz, Oort, Loftman, Ruben, 
 Guthe, G. a. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 li' SHE ^2"iy'i ; as above, Kuenen (Hibbert Lectures, 
 1882, i>i). 312 .sf/'.V.'ooRT, Valeton, Wellhausen, Guthe, 
 Loftman, Ruben, (t. .V. Smith, Nowack, Marti. 
 
 esfHJT nnb ; as above, Kuenen (op. cit.), Ooet, 
 Wellhausen, Valeton, Guthe, Ruben, Loftman, G. A. 
 Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 W'iHE ^Dbn ; as above, Wellhausen, Nowack. 
 
 ^oiSlE "^WIQ ; as above, WELLHAuaEN, Valeton, 
 Nowack, Oettli, Maeti. 
 
 II 
 
 i*ni3-i3-bD-b3' ■;:n^< rani< 
 
 V^'niM^b ^jc^-xb 4 
 
 nn^nnT ib-'''^j^r t^bi 
 
 "'D-^nb D^jix Dnbi 
 
 ^^57Jt:^ rb^s bD 
 
 DirsDb W2rb ^i 
 
 :nin^ n^n i<in^-&<b 
 
 nin-' yn^n in"j3^-&<b 3 
 
 -3?rj Drb r^ryn-n^ 5 
 :nin^ :in orbi 
 
 n'j:^^ i25Tap "dscs ^"il^tj^ 
 :Dn^bni<n mn 
 
 mpsn ■'^j^ ixn 7 
 Dbirn rj^ ixn 
 b«nir^ lyn^ 
 «^nDn b^i« 
 
 r'nyj^nn nhi -jDiy-nn-bs? 
 
 rsm-biD-b:? 'j:ip^-n3 ^^-^nD 
 "innir ipr^yn rnb«-n^nn* 
 
 ■1 ia2E 'sb Tania ; as above, Hitzig, Wellhausen, 
 Oort, Valeton, Oettli, Hal^vy. 
 
 i2jSl2r n'QHiC'Q na"!! ; as above, Ruben, Nowack; 
 cf. Maeti; this reading transfers rTODTDlO to the begin- 
 ning of vs. 8. 
 
 7^1 This word is supplied for the sake of the sense; see 
 Amos and Hosea, «»i loc. 
 
 '*iKlE nD3i ; as above, Cheyuo. 
 
 "5 Those two words are connected with vs. 9 in iK2C. (5 
 joins Ip'^iarn to vs. 8 as hero (so also Ooet, Graetz, G. A. 
 Smith). iHE ^pnt? is read as hero by Wellhausen and 
 Nowack. 
 
 Ill 
 
HOSEA 31 
 
 §11. ISRAEL'S EXILE A BREAKING UP OF SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS HABITS, 
 
 9 : 1-9 
 
 I 9: 1 Do not rejoice,* O Israel, like the peoples; * unto exultation 
 
 For thou hast played the harlot away from thy God, 
 Thou hast loved hire upon every threshing-floor.* * of com 
 
 2 Threshing-floor and wine-vat shall not know them. 
 And the new wine shall play them false. 
 
 4 They shall not pour libations of wine to Yahweh, 
 Nor prepare for him their sacrifices. 
 
 Their bread shall be like the bread of mourning ; 
 All who eat it shall defile themselves. 
 For their bread shall be only for their hunger. 
 It shall not come into Yahweh's house. 
 
 II 3 They shall not dwell in the land of Yahweh, 
 And Ephraim shall return to Egypt; 
 And in Assyria they shall eat what is unclean. 
 
 5 What will ye do on the day of the festival? 
 Or on the day of feasting to Yahweh ? 
 
 6 For behold they will go to Assyria, 
 
 Egypt gathering them, Memphis burying them: 
 Nettles inheriting their precious things of silver: 
 Thorns coming up in their tents. 
 
 Ill 7 The days of visitation will come; 
 The days of recompense will come; 
 Israel shall know. 
 
 (The people say:) "A fool, the prophet; 
 Mad, the man of spirit." 
 
 (Yes;) because of the greatness of thine iniquity and 
 the greatness of thy sin. 
 8 Enmity exists toward Ephraim's watchman;* *withmyGod 
 
 The prophet (finds) the snares of the fowler in all 
 his ways; 
 *In the (very) house of his God they dig for him a * enmity 
 deep pit. 
 
 9 As in the days of Gibeah, 
 He will remember their in- 
 iquity, he will visit theii 
 sin. 
 
32 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 §12. ISRAEL IS CORRUPT; THE LIFE OF OLD AS WELL AS YOUNG 
 
 LICENTIOUS, 9:10-17 
 
 nn-'Trxnn* 
 
 bi<^'::^ "nij^r^ ■^--■^n D^nDS'D o-.io i 
 
 :ir-in^i pn^^i mb7j 
 
 II 
 
 ^n'^K-i "iirsD* 
 
 m5<?j D"nb^-:;i Dnnn-n^^ ibn^^-Ds-^s 120,6 
 '"ra ''^nir' ''T:^b *Dn35< 13 
 : Tji '^'nri^nb^ 5<^:iinb n^nssi 
 
 Dnb-;n* 
 
 *-nn-n?j nin^ onb-n u iv 
 
 D":;^^^^ ^n^n?j on^bby^j 3?n b:? 
 
 ; opinio nn^n-^-bs nnnn« -c1^^-«b 15 c v 
 :Dn7j ''^n^-aja Dnb ^ii<-D:-^s 12 c 
 lb iy7j-::-j<b"'5 ^nbi< dcj^'^^ n 
 
 76iH2C mSSb ; as above, Wellhausen and Nowack. 
 
 "SoQ'-ri; K'^tlilbli, ib^. 
 
 'SiHil "lisb ; as above, G, Hoctsma, Wellhausen, 
 Ruben, Q. A. Smith, Gort. 
 
 "!>^2i; nb^ntj ; as above, Houtsma; cf. Ewald, 
 Oettli, Scholz. 
 
 sf'^JE rnZD ; as above, G, Tueodotion, Houtsma, 
 Wellhausen, Nowack, G. A. Smith, Gort. 
 
 si^E; 3"in~bS< ; as above, (5, S, Houtsma, Well- 
 hausen, Nowack, G. A. Smith, Gort. 
 
 sziHJE 1"l^TU2l ; as above, Hitzig, Ewald, Simson, 
 Guthe. 
 
HosEA 33 
 
 §12. ISRAEL IS CORRUPT; THE LIFE OF OLD AS WELL AS YOUNG 
 
 LICENTIOUS, 9:10-17 
 
 I 9:10 Like grapes in the wilderness, I found Israel; 
 
 Like the first fruit on a fig-tree,* I saw your fathers ; * in its first season 
 But they came to Baal-peor and separated themselves 
 
 to Baal, 
 And they became abominations like the object of 
 
 their love. 
 
 II 11 Ephraim — his glory flies away like a bird; 
 
 There shall be no more birth, no more motherhood, 
 no more conception. 
 16a, 6 Ephraim is smitten, their root withered; 
 Fruit they cannot produce. 
 
 III 16 c Yea, though they beget children, I will slay the 
 
 darlings of their womb. 
 
 12 a, 6 Yea, though they bring up their sons, I will bereave 
 
 them that there be not a man. 
 
 13 Ephraim* — for a prey are his sons destined ! * as i have seen 
 Yea, Ephraim must lead forth his sons to slaughter. 
 
 IV 14 Give them, O Yah weh: what wilt thou give?* * Give them. 
 
 A miscarrying womb and dry breasts. 
 
 All their evil being in Gilgal — yea, there I conceived 
 
 hatred for them. 
 For the evil of their doings I will drive them out of 
 
 my house. 
 
 V 15c I will no more love them; all their nobles being 
 rebels. 
 12 c Yea, even woe upon them when I look away from 
 
 them. 
 17 My God will cast them away, for they have not 
 hearkened to him ; 
 And they shall become wanderers among the nations. 
 
34 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 §13. ISRAEL IS WICKED IN PROPORTION TO HER PROSPERITY; BUT AN 
 END IS COMING OF ALL THAT SHE HAS FALSELY TRUSTED, 10:1-8 
 
 b^^'^" ppH -B^ 10:1 I 
 
 riinnT?jb rann v^sb-n^D 
 
 Dnb ''pbn 2 
 
 mn''"nx i:si'' sb ""D 
 XI© mbx D^nm nim 4 
 by uDWTa Tri«nD nnsn 
 
 nstttt nbr-'D innD'by* 
 
 -p5< r\^ZL ''bj^b 
 
 i^y rbV bnx-^D 
 
 *«'^b^n; vb:? vt^si 
 
 bnv nrii<b in^5< d: 
 
 nn^ -jb^jb nri37j 
 
 bx'iir^ n«t:n 
 
 nby^ "nmi -pp 
 
 nniraTi: by 
 
 nsbia ■in?iir n?j"i3 
 
 :d^7j ^:s-b3? -^p^ 
 
 IDICD n^nnb i^7^&^i 
 
 :i3^b:? ibsD niynabi 
 
 la III 
 
 86 
 
 83^51 rr'ltD'^ ; as above, Oettli. 
 
 siiHffl: pbn ; as above, Oort, Valeton, Nowack. 
 
 ssiHiJ riibriyb ; asabove,©. S,Theodotion, KuinOl, 
 Dathe, Newcome, Oort, Wellhacsen, Glthe, Loftman, 
 Ruben, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Marti, et al. 
 
 86^ff 13T33 ; as above, (5, Newcome, Oort, Well- 
 HAUSEN, Valeton, Loftman, Guthe, Nowack, G. A. Smith, 
 Oettli, Marti. 
 
 si^C ^b^y"* ; as abtive, Oort, Graetz. 
 
 «8^iB; n;TD3 ; as above, Gothe, Marti. 
 
H'OSEA 
 
 35 
 
 §13. ISRAEL IS WICKED IN PROPORTION TO HER PROSPERITY; BUT AN 
 END IS COMING OF ALL THAT SHE HAS FALSELY TRUSTED, 10:1-8 
 
 1 10: 1 A luxuriant vine is Israel, 
 
 He multiplies fruit for himself. 
 
 In proportion to the increase of his fruit he multi- 
 plied altars; 
 
 In proportion to the prosperity of his land he made 
 beautiful the pillars. 
 2 Their heart is false; 
 
 Now must they bear punishment for it. 
 
 But he will break the neck of their altars; 
 
 He will ruin their pillars. 
 
 II 5 For the calf of Beth-aven, 
 
 The inhabitants of Samaria shall tremble. 
 Yea, his people shall mourn for him, 
 And his priestlino^s shall writhe for him.* 
 6 Yea, this they will carry to Assyria, 
 As a present to king Jareb. 
 Ephraim shall take disgrace, 
 And Israel shall be ashamed because of his counsel. 
 
 3 For soon they will say, we 
 
 have no king, 
 For Yahweh we have not 
 
 feared, 
 And the king, what can he 
 
 do for usl 
 
 4 Speaking words, swearing 
 
 false oaths, making cove- 
 nants. 
 And law springs forth like 
 weeds in the furrows of 
 the field. 
 
 * for his glory, because it has 
 departed from him 
 
 III 8 a And the high places of Aven shall be destroyed, 
 The sin of Israel, 
 Thorns and thistles shall come up 
 Upon their altars. 
 
 7 As for Samaria, her king is cut off. 
 Like a chip on the face of the waters; 
 
 8 6 And they shall say to the mountains, cover us; 
 
 And to the hills, fall on us. 
 
36 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 §14. ISRAEL'S HISTORY CONSISTS OF SIN; THE FRUIT OF SUCH SEED IS 
 A SAD HARVEST— DESOLATION, DESTRUCTION, AND DEATH— EVEN 
 THAT OF THE KING, 10:9-15 
 
 : DDDiy ^r.irb nncxn 
 mTab^a* 
 
 irrinbTj nyn^n Dyj;n-xb 
 ■i-nb ^nnr;^ *rbyj D^nssi n 
 
 "bsniT'^ trinn^ n^^s^^ n^D"^« 
 :npr ib nir-' 
 
 npi::b Dsb i:?nT 
 n^D bib in^3 
 
 12 
 
 II 
 
 13 a 
 
 
 Tjjr 7^::n^ b^i 
 ''b^nir^-n^n D^b ''nirys; n^s 
 
 13 6 III 
 
 14 o 
 
 14 c 
 15 
 
 s^iHSr nSClSn ; as above, Wellhausen, NowACK. 
 
 'Ji'iKJE 57; see ^nios ami //ose«, Ml ?oc. 
 
 ■''iHJT niby ; as above, some codices aud most com- 
 moiitators. 
 
 92^21: DIGX") "'P^,X3; as above, S, and (Jraetz, 
 NowACK. 
 
 93 ^E n'lin"' ; as above, NowACK. 
 
 94iH2i: 12^; as above, «5. 
 
 95ilizc nSi'^l ; as above, (5, Goet, Wellhausen, 
 Yaleton, Nowack. 
 
 96iHS: '?J3T12 ; as above, ffi^^, Manger, Dathe, 
 KuinOl, Eiciihorn, Maurer, Ewald, Duhm, Houtsma, 
 Wellhausen, Orelli, Cheyne, Graetz, Ruben, Loft- 
 man, GuTHE, G. A. Smith, Volz, Nowack, Oort, Gettli, 
 Hal^vy, Marti. 
 
 97jHa; niUy ; as above, (S, Wellhausen, Graetz, 
 Ruben, Nowack, Oort, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 9s;^8E bXn*'3 ; as above, (S, Oort, Wellhausen, 
 Graetz, Guthe, Ruben, Q. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, 
 Marti. 
 
HOSEA 
 
 37 
 
 §14. ISRAEL'S HISTORY CONSISTS OF SIN; THE FRUIT OF SUCH SEED IS 
 A SAD HARVEST— DESOLATION, DESTRUCTION, AND DEATH — EVEN 
 THAT OF THE KING, 10:9-15 
 
 I 10: 9 
 
 II 12 
 
 III 
 
 13 a 
 
 13 6 
 
 14 a 
 
 14 c 
 15 
 
 From the days of Gibeali is Israel's sin. 
 
 At that time there stood against me the sons of 
 
 unrighteousness. 
 Shall not war overtake them even in Gibeah? 
 Ephraim indeed is a heifer* loving to thresh. 
 And even I myself have spared the beauty of her 
 
 neck; 
 But now I will make Ephraim draw; Israel must 
 
 plow; 
 Jacob must harrow for himself. 
 
 Sow for yourselves righteousness; 
 
 Reap the fruit of love ; 
 
 Break up your fallow ground; 
 
 Since there is time to seek Yahweh, 
 
 To the end that the fruit of righteousness may come 
 
 to you. 
 Ye have plowed wickedness, injustice ye have reaped. 
 Ye have eaten the fruit of lies. 
 
 Because thou didst trust in thy chariots in the 
 
 multitude of thy mighty ones 
 Therefore the tumult (of war) shall arise among thy 
 
 peoples, 
 And all thy fortresses shall be ruined. 
 The mother being broken with the children. 
 Thus will I do to you, O house of Israel ; 
 Because of the evil of your evil. 
 In the dawn utterly undone shall be the king of 
 
 Israel. 
 
 10 In my wrath I will chastise 
 them ; 
 
 And peoples shall be gath- 
 ered against them 
 
 To chastise them for their 
 double sin. 
 
 * trained 
 
 14 b As Shalman ruined Beth 
 arbel in the day of war. 
 
38 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 15. ISRAEL A CHILD, YAHWEH A FATHER WITH ALL THE LOVE OF A 
 FATHER EVEN IN THE FACE OF INGRATITUDE AND DESERTION, 
 11:1-11 
 
 ^Ti2r D^b3?nb '"^nn 
 :-'nr:p'' D^bcsbi 
 
 D^^2i<b ^nb:;nn ^D3«i 3 n 
 '"'^n2?i-iT by '"'nnpi^ 
 
 T : "It •.- 
 
 in^nssn ^3 'ijT sbi 
 ranx-ninnyn dd"^"^j^ mi<-^bnnn * 
 nn^nb "^'by7j b3?-'"'D^T23 nnb-n^nsi 
 
 T<nn nnbDi* 
 
 *r^rn nnn nbni e 
 
 '"•^ri'!Si^np:'""b':? b&< 
 "•'li^jnnS bnn i<^n 
 
 III 
 
 99^E "ij^b ; as above, Wellhausen. 
 
 loo^HE IXIp ; as above, (5, Wellhausen. 
 
 101 ^E, DTT'DSSTQ ; as above, G, 5, Michaelis, Dathe, 
 Bauer, KuinOl, Oort, Wellhausen, Valeton, Graetz, 
 GuTHE, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Hal^vy, Cheyne 
 (Critica Biblica), Marti. 
 
 w2£a,E. Dnp ; as above, (5, Ewald, Umbreit, Ols- 
 HAUSEN {Gram., §232a), Steiner, Orelli, Cheyne, Oort, 
 Wellhausen, Ruben, Guthe, Loftman, Nowack, Oettli, 
 Marti. 
 
 ii'SiHC 1irii5?i"^T ; as above, C, S, F, Dathe, Orelli, 
 Oort. Wellhausen, Graetz, Ruben, Guthe, Loftman, 
 G. a. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Hal£vy, Cheyne (Critica 
 Biblica). 
 
 i»*^2C '''a^"l')Op ; as above, S, Oort, Graetz, Vale- 
 ton, Guthe, Nowack, Hal^vy. 
 
 105 ^51 ^37 ; as above, 5, Oort, Valeton, Nowack, 
 Oettli, Hal£vy. 
 
 1110 ;^jt t3Xl ; as above, Hitzig, Simson, Wellhau- 
 sen, Guthe, Nowack, Hal^vy. 
 
 107 ^JC j{5j conuocting it with vs. .'5; as above, (5, 
 Dathe, Manger, BOckel, Eichhorn, De Wette, 
 Houtsma, Scholz, Wellhausen, Valeton, Guthe, 
 Ruben, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli. 
 
 ii'^iHE: □rfriisy'E'a ; as above, Wellhausen, No- 
 wack, of. Marti. 
 
 losiHE ini'^TlJ'ab D'^X^bP ; as above, Oettli. 
 
 iio^ffi by ; as above, G, F, AyuiLA, Theodotion, 
 Symmachus, Oort, Oettli. 
 
 iiilHS: ^nJjSIp"^ ; as above, Symmachus; see Amos 
 and Hosca, in loc, 
 
 ii2iHJi: QTaiTi sib nn*^ ; for above reading c/. 
 Graetz and Ruben, and see Amos and Hosea, in loc. 
 
HosEA 39 
 
 §15. ISRAEL A CHILD, YAHWEH A FATHER WITH ALL THE LOVE OF A 
 FATHER EVEN IN THE FACE OF INGRATITUDE AND DESERTION, 
 11:1-11 
 
 1 11 : 1 When Israel was young then I came to love him, 
 And out of Egypt I called him; 
 The more I called them, 
 2 The farther they went away from me. 
 They keep sacrificing to the Baalim, 
 And making offerings to images. 
 
 II 3 Yet it was I who taught Ephraim to walk, 
 Taking them up in my arms; 
 And they did not know that I healed them. 
 4 With the cords of a man I would draw them, with 
 bands of love ; 
 And I was to them as one who lifts up the yoke from 
 
 upon their jaws, 
 And I inclined unto him and would give him to eat. 
 
 Ill 5 He must return to the land of Egypt, 
 
 Or Assyria will be his king ; for they have refused to 
 return. 
 
 6 And so the sword will whirl in their cities,* *And win destroy their 
 And will devour in their fortresses. branches. 
 
 7 And my people having wearied me with their 
 
 rebellions. 
 Unto the yoke (Yahweh) will appoint them, 
 Since he has ceased to love them. 
 
40 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 ^nb -iby "TEn: 8 6 
 n^iES nmrb nnrs i?b 
 
 :(7)Ditt ni:n 'nin-'i 
 Di-i2)2ia -nssD mini n 
 mirs? pi<T2 'n:vD^ 
 
 10 a 
 
 16. ISRAEL'S FALSITY AND FAITHLESSNESS FROM THE FIRST, IN SPITE 
 OF EFFORTS THROUGH PROPHETS, MUST BRING RETRIBUTION AND 
 RUIN, 12:1-15 
 
 bx~n7 y-1 -r n•-i^n•'^ ib 
 
 bD""! isbT2'nx mail 5 
 lb -inni"! riDi 
 i:s3:t2i bsn^n 
 p-'-'iTGy nn-1 dttt 
 mxnjrn ^nbx mnii e 
 
 : "nDT mn-i 
 mirn i^nbi?! nrsn 7 
 n'OTD uEr^T -en 
 ni-an Tnbx bs mpi 
 
 iiiiHil XilX ; as above, VoLZ and NowACK. 
 
 iHiHC i"inS T^ya ; as above, Volz and Xowack. 
 
 iij^jE ^iJj^ ; as above, (S,Oort, Wellhausen, Vale- 
 ton, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Hal^vy, Marti. 
 
 iifiiHJC nS^i ; as above, 5, Wellhausen, Nowack, 
 
 Oettli, Marti. 
 
 ""iHJE ri^'^ri^ ; as above, Wellhausen, Nowack, 
 Marti. 
 
 ii^i^a: 5511 ; 'Ts above. Si, Wellhausen, Nowack, 
 GoRT, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 u^^B^ 'i'n^n ^"nnc 12:1 a 
 
 D^"ip "Til M^n nn D^nsi^ 2 
 "'^sni "^j^rii nTi Dm bs 
 
 "'nbnr D^nr^b -^rjji 
 ""b5<-;ir^-Dy n^n^b "'n^n 3 
 rsniD npy^-b:? '-'ipsb 
 : lb n-^'^r^ rbb:'":^ 
 
 iio^HSE ^i"!"! ; as above, <S, Wellhausen, Nowack, 
 OoRT, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 \2fi£B.E rn^n^ ; as above, Oort, Nowack, G. A. Smith, 
 Oettli. 
 
 i2iiKJi; Ipsbl ; as above, ffi, Wellhausen, Graetz, 
 Nowack. 
 
 vi2^E ^DTQy; as above, S, '.v., 2., 0., (5 , and Dathe, 
 
 Oort, Wellhausen, Beer (Zeitschrift fiir die alttesta- 
 mentliche Wissenschaft, Vol. XIII, p. 28.5), Valeton, Guthe, 
 LoFTMAN, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. 
 
HOSEA 
 
 41 
 
 IV 
 
 8a 
 
 96 
 
 10 a 
 
 How can I give thee up, O Ephraim ! 
 
 How can I surrender thee, O Israel ! 
 
 How can I make thee as Admah ! 
 
 How can I place thee as Zeboim ! 
 
 For God am I and not man, 
 
 Holy in the midst of thee and not human. 
 
 Yahweh will roar like a lion.* 
 
 8 6 My heart is turned upon 
 
 me, 
 My compassions grow hot 
 together. 
 
 9 a I will not act according to 
 
 the fierceness of my anger ; 
 I will not turn to destroy 
 Ephraim. 
 *They will go 
 
 10 6 As a lion he will roar, 
 Yea he himself will roar, 
 And there shall come hur- 
 riedly :|i * * * :)c 
 
 11 They shall come hurriedly 
 
 like sparrows from Egypt, 
 And like doves from the land 
 
 of Assyria. 
 And I will bring them back 
 
 to their houses. 
 It is the declaration of 
 
 Yahweh. 
 
 16. 
 
 ISRAEL'S FALSITY AND FAITHLESSNESS FROM THE FIRST, IN SPITE 
 OF EFFORTS THROUGH PROPHETS, MUST BRING RETRIBUTION AND 
 RUIN, 11:12—12:14 (Hebrew: 12:1-15) 
 
 I 11:12 a [12:1a] 
 
 [2] 
 
 3a 
 
 [3] 
 
 [4 a] 
 
 Ephraim has compassed me with falsehood, 
 And the house of Israel with deceit. 
 Ephraim herds the wind and hunts the 
 
 sirocco. 
 All day long they multiply falsehood and 
 
 fraud ; 
 They strike bargains with Assyria, 
 And they carry oil to Egypt. 
 Yahweh has a quarrel with Israel, 
 To punish Jacob according to his ways; 
 According to his deeds he will requite him — 
 In the womb he supplanted his brother. 
 
 11:126[12:16] And Judah is still 
 known with God, 
 And with the Holy One 
 is faithful. 
 
 12:36 [12:4 6] In his man's strength 
 he contended with 
 God. 
 
 4 [5] Yea, he contended 
 
 with the angel and 
 
 prevailed. 
 He wept and besought 
 
 mercy of him ; 
 At Bethel he met him, 
 
 and there he spoke 
 
 with him. 
 
 5 [6] And Yahweh is God of 
 
 hosts, 
 Yahweh is his name. 
 
 6 [7] So thou by the help of 
 
 thy God shouldst 
 
 turn back ; 
 Kindness and justice 
 
 do thou keep. 
 And wait on thy God 
 
 without ceasing. 
 
42 The Minor Prophets 
 
 ^b -IS ^n^^rj 
 'ib \^r2" ^<b ''*rTy b^ 
 
 "': xt:n n-^rj^ '-"-i^b 
 jnbV mn^ ■d:^^'i lo 
 
 n^t^^zDH by ^nnmi n m 
 
 ivjIN ^b-n^-:;^ ^nsnni 
 inzT "'"D^iisb bibra 
 
 piiz: ^7jbn b:? 
 cnx n-iTL" npy n•^2'>^ 13 
 mrxn bx-nr"^ "iny^i 
 
 i2tjH?r piljyb ; as above, Wellhadsen, Nowack, i-'iH?n XUn ; as above, (5, Wellhacsen, Graetz, 
 
 Marti. Beer, Valeton, Nowack, Oettli, Marti. 
 
 V2i £B.E. lyiy'f ; as above, (5, Wellhausen, Graetz, i2»iHjr nyba CX ; as above, 5, Wellhausen, 
 
 Beee (2.4 ir., Vol. XIII, p. 288), Valeton, Nowack, Nowack, Marti! 
 Oettli, Marti. 129 ^jt r^i;-; ; as above, Wellhausen, Marti. 
 
 i25j3aj[; lb ; as above, (5, Graetz, Nowack, Marti. i.wi^iS: Qn^^TlJ ; as above, Hitzig, Wellhausen, 
 
 v.!6iSl2r ^17; as above, <S, Graetz, Wellhausen, Nowack, Oort, Oettli, Marti. 
 Nowack, Beer, Oettli, Marti. 
 
HOSEA 
 
 43 
 
 II 7 [8j Canaan — in his hand are false balances; 
 
 He loves to defraud. 
 
 8 [9] And does Ephraim say : "Yes, but I have 
 
 become rich; 
 I have secured for myself wealth"? 
 (Let him know) that all his gains are 
 
 insufficient 
 For the guilt which he has incurred. 
 
 9 [10] For I, Yahweh, thy God, 
 
 From the land of Egypt, 
 
 Will again make thee to dwell in tents. 
 
 As in the days of the festal assembly. 
 
 III 10 [11] And I spoke by the prophets; 
 
 For it was I who multiplied vision, 
 
 And by the hand of the prophets gave 
 
 parables. 
 14 [15] Ephraim has given bitter provocation 
 
 And his bloodshed he will leave upon 
 
 him. 
 And his reproach the Lord will return to 
 
 him. 
 11 [12] In Gilead is iniquity; only vanity they 
 
 have wrought. 
 In Gilgal they sacrifice to demons. 
 So their altars shall be as stone-heaps 
 Among the furrows of the field. 
 
 13 [14] And by a prophet 
 
 Yahweh brought Is- 
 rael up from Egypt. 
 And by a prophet he 
 was shepherded. 
 
 12:12 [13] And Jacob fled to the 
 field of Aram, 
 And Israel served for 
 
 a wife ; 
 Yea for a wife he 
 herded sheep. 
 
44 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 §17. THE UTTER DESTRUCTION OF ISRAEL, 13:1-11 
 
 nm D^^i&< ^uiD 13:1 
 
 :n-ri bynn D-i-xn 
 &<t:nb 15CV nnyi 2a,6 
 
 nb j" n""j;''^n n-i'y^ 
 n^n7:« D- D-b '^''[n-rTbi<] 
 
 : -ip'c^ D^bs:?" Di« 
 
 ^pn ")"3-"D rn^ -Db 
 
 -bn D^j'sT"^ bt:si 
 
 ■p:;7j ■nrc Y72D 
 
 2 c II 
 
 7nb« nin^ ■'sri^i 
 yin-i<b ^nbiT o-^nb^^^ 
 
 : nini<bn -psn 
 pDin^'i is-by Dnb on-'i 
 
 4 III 
 
 niiHiC STD3 ; as above, 5, Wellhacsen, Geaetz, 
 Valeton, G. a. Smith, Nowack, Gettm. 
 
 132 iHE Dl^Sn? ; as above, Nowack; cf. G. 
 
 l33Tliis word probably dropped out of iBE on account 
 of its similarity to the foUowiup; so Welliial'SEN, 
 Nowack ; cf. Stade, ZA W., Vol. Ill, p. 12. 
 
 134 iHC ■'nnt ; on above reading, see Amos and Hosea, 
 in loc. ' 
 
 135 These two words are inserted here on the basis of <!5 
 and ,S ; they also complete a lino otherwise too short ; cf. 
 OORT {Emendationcs). 
 
 lifiiHJE T^tpn^ ; as above, (5, S, SebOk, Wellhac- 
 sen, Graetz, Guthe, Loftman, G. A. Smith, Marti. 
 
 137 ^2E ^7212 ; as above, Gort; cf. <& eU nkeirnov^i'. 
 
HosEA 45 
 
 §17. THE UTTER DESTRUCTION OF ISRAEL, 13:1-11 
 
 I 13:1 When Ephraim used to speak, men trem- 
 
 bled; 
 
 He was a prince in Israel. 
 
 Then he became guilty through Baal and 
 died. 
 2a,b And now they continue to sin; 
 
 And they make for themselves molten gods ; 
 
 From their silver, idols according to their 
 own model. 
 
 Smiths' work, all of it ! 
 
 To such they say, O God ! 
 
 II 2c With a people sacrificing to demons; 
 
 With men kissing calves! 
 3 Therefore they shall be like the morning 
 cloud, 
 And like the dew that early passes away; 
 Like the chaff which whirleth all over the 
 
 threshing floor. 
 And like smoke from the window. 
 
 Ill 4 And it was I, Yahweh, thy God, 
 
 Who brought thee up from the land of 
 
 Egypt, 
 And a God beside me thou knowest not, 
 Nor has there been a savior except me. 
 
 5 It was I who shepherded thee in the 
 
 wilderness, 
 In the land of drought. 
 
 6 But when they fed, they filled themselves 
 
 full. 
 And their heart was lifted up and conse- 
 quently they forgot me. 
 
46 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 Dnb ni3c y^p;j^i 
 
 x^ubs Dir DbDs^ 
 
 :Dyp2n ni-xn n^n 
 
 ■jr-ijri 5<i3i< -Db:j '*'n;:N 
 
 '"!?j?ltiBl2J^'l '"^"^TT bbi 
 
 :D^ni25i -|b7j -^b-nan 
 ^si<n "b^j "jb-"ni< 
 
 IV 
 
 18. EPHRAIM CONDEMNED TO SHEOL, 13:12—14:1 
 
 D^nss 113? nn:i 13:12 
 lb ii<2^ mbr-^bnn 13 
 T^y^-sb ny ^s 
 
 D"isi< bij^'j: T7J 14 
 bi^^'jj "jnt2p '^'nnyj 
 
 II 
 
 i38fB8C "IITSS; as above, «5, S, F, 16 of de Rossi's 
 MSS., Stuck, Hitzio, Wellhacsen, Valeton, Nowack, 
 Oettli. 
 
 139 jHE T^nmlj ; as above, «5, G. A. Smith. 
 
 140 jHsr "»3 ; as above, Nowack. 
 
 1*1 ^SC 13 ; as above, (S, Oort, Geaetz, SebOk, 
 ScHOLZ, Valeton, Guthe, Driver {Expositor, 3d series. 
 Vol. V, pp. 260«(/.),G. A. Smith, Nowack, Hal^vy, Oettli, 
 Marti. 
 
 i42^a; 171J5 ; as above, (5, S, and most commentators. 
 
 n3iKE Tl'iny~b3Sl : as above, Hoctsma, Ooet, 
 Wellhausen, Valeton, Guthe, G. A. Smith, Nowack, 
 Oettli, Marti; cf. 5. 
 
 144 iBC TI^UDtbl ; «is above, Houtsma, Oort, Well- 
 hausen, Guthe, G. A. Smith, Nowack, Marti; cf. (S. 
 
 n->fflE "^nX ; as above, ffi, S, Graetz, et al. 
 
HosEA 47 
 
 IV 7 And so I will be to them like a lion; 
 
 Like a leopard on the way to Assyria. 
 
 8 I will fall upon them like a bear robbed 
 
 of its young, 
 And will tear the enclosure of their hearts, 
 And there will I devour them like a lion, 
 While wild beasts tear them, 
 
 9 I am thy destruction, O Israel ! 
 Yea, who is thy help? 
 
 10 Where is thy king now, that he may save 
 
 thee? 
 Or all thy princes, that they may rule thee ? 
 Those of whom thou hast said. 
 Give me kings and princes. 
 
 11 I give thee kings in my anger. 
 And I take them away in my wrath. 
 
 §18. EPHRAIM CONDEMNED TO SHEOL, 13:12—16 
 
 I 13:12 The iniquity of Ephraim is gathered up; 
 
 His sin is laid by in store. 
 13 The pangs of childbirth come upon him. 
 He is an unwise son; 
 For at this time he should not stand 
 In the mouth of the womb. 
 
 II 14 Shall I deliver them from the hand of 
 
 Sheol? 
 Shall I redeem them from death? 
 Where are thy plagues, O death? 
 Where thy destruction, O Sheol? 
 Repentance is hid from mine eyes. 
 
48 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 iry^j ■2^'rr^ ^nip-j ■^'-irx'^i 
 
 15 III 
 
 "pn^j^ D'^rj^n 14:1 
 
 IV 
 
 §19. LATER WORDS OF HOPE, 14:2-9 
 
 Tnbs mn-^'ny bsmr-' nmiD ii:2 i 
 O'lnm CD'ay inp 3 a 
 
 iibx TTas 3 6 II 
 mt2 npn 117 xirn bs 
 nrriETT '■•-"■'ip rrabTr:"! 
 
 ^zy•^1D^•^ ^b -mux 4 a, b m 
 
 nrnbs nir n-asrsbi 
 in-' mrr^ab 
 
 cnniTDTa xsns 5 iv 
 ra"i: nnns 
 
 bKiTcb bi2D nins? 6 a 
 
 i^iKJE Q^nijt ]'^5 ! '''^ above, Wellhausen, e< at. iwffi and =S contain this word; it is also necessary to 
 
 the moasuro. 
 H'iHE TtJIi'^T ; as above, Wellhausen, Nowack, 
 ^^ ^^l •■ isuiKS; Q^'^p ; as above, «5, ,S ; Duhm, Theologie der 
 
 Propheten, p. 132; OoRT, Wellhausen, Valeton, Loft- 
 us ^E ■ijj'ii^ ; cf. G. A. Smith. man, Nowack, Maeti. 
 
HosEA 49 
 
 ni 15 Although he, as does the reed-grass in the 
 
 midst of the water, show fruitfnlness, 
 
 There shall come an east wind, Yahweh's 
 wind. 
 
 Coming up from the wilderness; 
 
 And his fountain shall dry up, and his 
 spring shall be parched ; 
 
 While he will strip the treasure. 
 
 Consisting of all precious vessels. 
 
 IV 13:16 [14:1] Samaria shall bear her guilt ; 
 
 For she has rebelled against her God ; 
 They shall fall by the sword. 
 Their children shall be dashed in pieces. 
 And their women with child shall be 
 ripped up. 
 
 19. LATER WORDS OF HOPE, 14:1-8 [2-9] 
 
 I 14:1 [14:2] Return, O Israel, unto Yahweh thy 
 God. 
 For thou hast stumbled in thine 
 iniquity. 
 2 a [3 a] Take with you words 
 
 And return unto Yahweh thy God. 
 
 II 2 6 [3 6] Say unto him: 
 
 Do thou wholly remove iniquity and 
 
 accept that which is good ; 
 So will we pay the fruit of our lips; 
 3c [4 cj For in thee the orphan finds mercy. 
 
 III 3 o, 6 [4 a, 6] Assyria shall not save us. 
 
 We will not ride upon horses (from 
 
 Egypt) ; 
 And we will no more say "our God," 
 To the work of our hands. 
 
 IV 4 [5] I will heal their backsliding; 
 
 I will love them freely. 
 Now that my anger is turned away 
 from them, 
 .5 a [6 a] I will be as the dew unto Israel. 
 
50 
 
 The Minor Prophets 
 
 i52]aD ^iTini inn^-i 
 
 nnrTOD n-ist 6 6 v 
 mn n^TD ■'n-'i 7 
 
 D"'32yb Tir '■■nb"n'a o'^nsx 9 vi 
 
 §20. THE LESSON TO BE LEARNED, 14:10 
 
 nbx p^T Dsn ■''a 
 :d3 nbicD'' D-^yTDsn 
 
 14:10 
 
 151 ^C ''ytD^ ; as above, <5, S, 5E, and Gort, Well- 
 HAusEN, Valeton, Loftman, G. a. Smith, Nowack, 
 Oettli, Hal^vy, Makti. 
 
 '^-15T ^'^n'' ; as above, (S and G. A. Smith. 
 
 TT T - ■■ 
 
 i53j©jr np ; as above, (5, Newcome, Ewald, Orelli, 
 Wellhausen, Graetz, Loftman, G. A. Smith, Nowack, 
 Gort (.Emendationes), Gettli, Marti. 
 
HOSEA 
 
 51 
 
 V 56 [6 6] He shall blossom as the lily 
 
 And his roots shall sprout like 
 Lebanon.* 
 6 [7] And his beauty shall be like the 
 olive tree, 
 And his smell like Lebanon. 
 
 VI 8 [9] Ephraim, what more has he to do 
 with idols? 
 I respond to him and look after him. 
 I am like an evergreen cypress ; 
 From me is thy fruit found. 
 
 ♦And his saplings shall 
 spread. 
 
 7 [8] They shall return and 
 
 dwell in his shadow, 
 And they shall live well 
 
 watered like a garden ; 
 And they shall sprout 
 
 like the vine; 
 Their renown like the 
 
 wine of Lebanon. 
 
 120. THE LESSON TO BE LEAKNED, 14:9 [10] 
 
 14:9 [14:10] Whoso is wise, let him discern these 
 things; 
 Prudent, then let him know them. 
 For Yahweh's ways are straight. 
 The righteous walking in them, 
 But sinners stumbling by them. 
 
41B9TH„ 561 
 
 09-01-05 32180 MS I 
 
Princeton Theological Seminary Libraries 
 
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