A '^■'1^-^r. -■ir V- ^<",-/.v- < > •» *. /:• HANCOCK -■;. LIBRART COMPACT, 4 •.•V 1^% • '•'y /y ^ *-■ LIBRARY OF THE ■• Theological Seminary, PRINCETON, N. .1 Case, ^rrJ^rr^.-Division Si,elf, ^Qhr^c Booh^ ^'o_ ■/ y . w '.•' "'J .^\ \ ^ ■^4^. (P^^ 'Z^^ THE HISTORIE OF T HE Reformatioun of Religioun Within the Realm of SCOTLAND CONTEINING The Manner and be quhat Perfons the Lycht of Chryflis Evangell has bcin manifefted unto thisRealme, after that horribill -and univcrfal Defedlioun from the Treuth,whiche has come by the Means of that Romane Anrichryft. TOG E,T H E R W I T H The LIFE of IOHn\nOX^ the Author, and feveral Carious Pieces wrote by him ; particularly that moft rare and fcarce one^ mtitkd^ The ^rji Blaji of the Trumpet againjl the Mon- ftruoiis Regiment of Womeny and a large Index and Glossary. Taken from the Original Mamfcript in the Univerfity Library of Glafgow and compared with other ancient Copies. * ET>tNBURGH: Printed by R o e er t F l e m i n o and Company, and Sold at the Shops of J. MacEuen, J. Davidson, W. Brown, J. Paton, and G. Hamilton, } and feveral other Bookfellers. Mdccxxxii. 4 Digitized by the Internet Archive ' in 2009 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library http://www.archive.org/details/historieofreform1732knox.. THE PUBLISHERS T 0 T H E READER- IS heeJlefs to fay much by way of Preface to this Edition of Knox's Hfftory^ after fo Ictig and accurate an Accoum given of it in the Life of the Author hereto amex'd-^ only ■It was judged neceffary to give a P^ort Hint of the Mer thod taken in placing the feveral Things publijhed there- in. W& And Firft, We have ptlVp^ed Mr. David Buchanan's long Preface to his Edition of this Hijiorj^ it containing feveral Things relating to the Antiquities of Scotland, and on that Account valued hy many. adly, PVe have printed the firji four Books of the Hijiory itfelf, with the Au- thor's Preface., taken from a Manufcript in the Library of the College of Glalgow, a long Account whereof being contained in the LifSy w? fhall not add any Thing further about it in this Place. adiy, JVe have added the fifth Book., probably written by the above Mr. Bu« chanan himfelf, as not being found in the faid Manufcript, nor yet in the Oftavo Edition of that Hiftory ; we being unwilling our Readers (houldwant any Thing for- merly publijbed alonglt with Knox's Hijiory, 4thly, 4thly Jf^e ^'"'^ .§''^^" ^^^ Reader Mr. Knox's Letter to the Queen Regent, voUh //?'/ Additions, His Appellations from the Bifhops to the Nobiltiy, EJiatel and Commonalty 0/ Scotland ; And have fubjoined to thefe^ the Admonition 0/ H Antoni Gilbie to the People 0/ Scotland ^»^ England, the fame having heen printed with them in the Geneva Edition of thefe Pieces^ and from -which we have care, fully copied -f and hecauje it relates to the State c/ Scotland during the Period in which Mr. Knox wrote his Hiftory. Jthly, fVe have added that moft rare Piece of our Author's, called^ The Firft Blaft of 'the Trumpet againft the Monftruous Regiment of Women; A Piece fo fearcty that for Want thereof^ the puhltfhing this Edition has been long retarded, and-oohich at lali we were provided with by the worth)) and Reverend Mr. Robert Wodrow Minifter at Eaftwood, whe alfo afftfled us with fever al Materials for making up the Author's Life. 'To this is added the Contents of the fecond Part of the Blaft of the Trumpet j hut which 'tis believed was never finijhed^ or at leaji never published, fo far as we can find. And laftly, We have given a Glofary of the obfolete Words and Phrafes ufed in this* Edition, and a complete Index of the HiCtoryy together with the true Effigies cf the Author in Copper Plate. Whatever Acceptance this Edition may meet with, we can fay, that a good deal of Pains has been taken not only to correal it according to the above tnenttoned Ma- tiufcrtpty hut likewife to compare that with fever al other ancient Manufcript Copies, and in every Part to make it as compleat and corre^ as poffible; And we will be forgiv- en to fay, that it much excels any Edition of this Book hitherto publifhed, efpecially when it is conftdered, ibat there is not one compleat Copy to be found of theOStaxo Editioth * iVe have only to add. That this Edition has much exceeded the Number of Shetts mentioned in the Propofals, it not being then in View to print any Thing but the Hi- ftory itfelfi and therefore hope it will give no Uneafinefs to our Subfcribers tofittd it a little dearer than what was firft defigned; efpecially when they confider that all Ihefe curious Additions are printed on a fmall Type to fave Charges, without which it would have come much dearer, at a Penny per Sheet, as waspropojed. THJS t- i^i^Sffis riiQ«JTr.T.i'— >-aiw>..^. '■*-'. Mr. ^ U C H AN J N's PREFACE- f,;,^.*,,,^^^.^:^.^ .., - HE SCOTS, by the mrfi judicious Planters, and by thofe ^^i;^^i^l! who have mofi diligently ftudted their Antiquities are acknew «„ji*tl' '->^^' ir^-- ledged to be among the firfl viho emhaced the Faith of Chrtft; ^^■^^^^^^^Mfi^ yea. they arefatd to be, by Jome, of the very Firft-fruits of the 1 M^^^'- <^enriles : Fnr in few Tears after the Afcenfion of our Savwur ^nqi W^W^^-- Gentiles: For in fe-m Tears after the Afcenfion of our Savi'iur MK^fji ■^ fi/^^ JeftisChrifi, the Apo^les and Difciples being confirained to W^^^'WIWr^'^'- leave Jerufakm and Jucea, by Reajon of the Perfecutms ratfed -';"^^Nfc:> ; againft them by the Jews, according to the D:fpenfativn of the ^^;4^^^^^,<^;i All wife God, -went up and down the M'orld; andfpeakwgto ... tvery Pfofle in their own Language, declared unto them the glaa Tydiws of Salvation in O.rlfljefus, Ihofe who came into our Nonhren Parts, to wi^ i/to Scotland, and firfl made known unto our Fathers the Myfteries of Heaven, were o, the Difciples of John the ApoHle *. 'omf Tears thereafter, to wir in the fecond Perfecution raifed again/i theChnfitans. ma- wiBr.tons. ProvincaU of the Empire, profeffmg the Name of ChrtR, left thm own Country, and went into Scoiland, for Shelter from the general Maffacre then executed throuihont the whole Empire, by that bloody Butcher Dcmimn; and to rnjoy thetreeHom of the Gofpel, whnh they knew to be received then in Scotland f. Arncvg thejefugmve Briiors there were fundry learned and pitus Men, who flayed in Scotlanc , ythe Perlecutt- \n tndrd\ propagamg the Faith of ChrtO there by their preaching. This we have related unto us by the hflorians of beH truft. We have lot then from the See of Komt our firH InftmtioH in the Chrtfttan Faith ; yea, we are jo far from n, that jor many lems together, te hardly bad any Cimmtinicatkn with Rcrre at all. Palladius was U^ prjt, feme lears after the Beginmrg of the fjth ^'ge, who made cur Acquaintance with Kcroe ; although the gemral Current of the Rcmilh Writers give cut. That theGiffel was prjt planted amcKgfl us 7BScotlard ly the Means of V;6or Eijhcp of Rome : let Hixcr^^ns, that rentwned Chrcnclcger, albeit he would fain have the^coxs ewe this Obligation unto • Buchanan lib. v. t Ibid. Ub, iv, Mr. Buchanans Preface. Rome, difclaimeth this Opinion of his Party, as untrue, and dijagreewg -with the btfi Art' tiqtiity. Tertullian *, who lived in the feeond Age, and -wrote Books divers tears before the .^nd thereoj, and fo was fo near the flaming of the Chrifiian Faith amongft the Nations, that in a Manner he may be Jaid to have been an Eye witnefs unto it. in his Book agamfl the ]ews.fpeaktng how the Light of the Gofpel was fpread thro' the wholeWorld, faith thus. The Evangel was diflufed into all the farts ot the World, yea, inzo Bntanie, and into that Patt of the Ifland whereunro the Roman Forces did never pierce. By thtfe lajl IVords of Tertullian, are meant the Inhabitants of that Part of the Ifland which lieth be- north the Myalls, firfl built by Adrian, then by Antoninus Pius, thirdly by Severus; and thofe were the Scots by Name: For the Romans put IJ'alls ktviixt them and the Scots Eow-weHf as our Poet expreffeth tt: Romana fagitti feris prztendit menia Scotis. And Claudlan, many httndredTears before this our Poet, fpeaking of the Legion whitb then was called from itsGarrifon on the aforefaid M''alls, faith thus, The Legion came, which was placed before the utmolt Britans, and which bridled the fierce Scot\. Lucius Florus, many Tears before Claudian, who wrote towards the latter End of the fourth Age, to wit, in the Beginning of the feeond Age ; and Spartianus, who ailed- geth Florus writ towards the latter End of the third Age Lucius Florus ^^^ Poet, (is the fame with the Hiihrian who -wrote the fhort Hiflory of the Romans, as judgeth Sal- ma(ius) is brought in ^> iElius Spartianus, in the Hiflory of the Life of Adrian the Em' peror, faying thefeU'ords, I would not htCmfar. to walk among ihs. Britans, and iul- fer the Scots Morning hoar Frofts. ^he Word pruina, which the Author ufeth^ doth fignify fo much; for it is quafi -sfjun a •afft Morning. What Florus, in thefe Words here alledged, calkth in his Language Scot,€4s pruinas, Claudian caileth Csledonias pruinas, fpeaktng of another Roman, in thtfe Words, And he placed his Camp in the middle ot the Caledonian Morning hoar Frofts. I know that commonly in Spartian, of •whom we have thefeFerfes of Florus, it is read, Scythicas/fiK Scoticas, but wrcng, no:* withfianding that the great Criticks have not corrected it •• For how, I pray you, can A- drian be faid to fuffer Scythicas pruinas, w/jfl never was m the Country which then went under the Name of Scythia ? Tea, the Romans had never any War with the Scy- thes ; for albeit the Scythes heard of the Romans Arms, yet they never felt them: Be- fides, what Senfe had it been in Florus to fay unto Adrian, That he would not be Cafar, to walk in Brit any, and endure the Morning hoar Ftoils o( Scythia} For al- though the Kovazm heard fay, that Scyihia was a cold Country, yet they more perfeEilf knew Scotland to be cold, having been upon the Place. Now it was very eafy to thofe who copied Books of old, and hardly underflood what they zvrit, to change one Letter for another, namely, when two Letters are fo like one to another, as thefe two Vowels O, ; O ; for O not being initial or capital, was written formerly without the Draught under it, "Which hath been written for Di/iinSiion's Sake, as we fee it commonly now thus V • This Change of thefe two Vowels, hath been found elfewhere thin in this Place 0/ Florus by. the Criticks, in the fame Words, who feeing the Name of the Sea upon the Coafl of Scot- land written Scythicum, prefently mended it, and made Scoticum. "Then EtAlmusfmei-. led out the fame Fault in Jerome his Epifile to Ctefiphon, againli Paliadius and his Diff^ ciple Ca:Icflius, in thefe Words, Britanny and the Scots Nations had not then known Mofes and the Prophets. Erafmus y?B^/K^ Scythicae, he changeth it into Scoticx. ^ Lucius Seneca, about an hundred Tears before Florus, that is, about forty Jenrs after Chrifi, now idooTears fince, in his Satyreupon the Death of Claudius, makeJ Mentitit of the Scots in the compofed Word Scoto-Brigantes, as thus joUoweth. He (i. e. Claw , dius) commanded the Britans beyond the known Seas, and the blue Scoto-Brigantes, to fubmit their Necks to the Roman Chains. This Word above-na-aed hath puzzled many of the Criticks how to read it, fo that a right Meaning or Sen fir might be had of thefe Lines, with the true Meafure of the Verle, feme reading it one Way, feme another Way j n//, 'at * Lib. contra Judeos. f Buchan, lib, i. Mr. "Buchanans Preface. at lafl the learned joicph Sc^liqcr coneHedtt as you have it here^giving tbtWtrdf a Plain and eajy Scufe. and keeping the Law of the P'etfes, againfi which all others did jatll And to this Co> region of Scaliger hath Submitted many learned Men ; yet fome, partly for En'vj agatnfl the Nation cf wham ts here fpoken, partly for Inanity, taJl /land cut agamjl the fruth, kecnufe of the Authority cf this CornEiton at whofe great and moft rare LtUrniug they are offended^ as the former are at any Advantage that the Nation -whom thele Words doth coixeiB may have. 7 he Scots are called Ctru'zi, or blue, tecaufe tl^y ufed much Hue in their Garments ; and fo doth the old Scots to this Day, mtuejs thdr Plaids, ■whereof the heii fort ordinarily hath the Ground blue ; as alfo their blue Caps. Mamcrtin, in A// Pancgyrick /o Maximinian, tells us, That t/;« Bncans had War •with theScQli and Pi&s, iefore]\x\'ias Cxizx entered into the Ifland. So, lytheleTefli. monies, ye fee h«w injurious they are unto the Scots, that will net have their Name kncuii till many Tears, yea, fome hundredYears after the Entry of the Romans into the Ifland. the Romans having fettled themfehes in th Ifland, they divided the vchole mo fWo Parts: Their Part, ot the South Part, they called Britannia major, and fupertour ; and their Provincials went mo/i commonly under the Name of Britones, altho' fomttimts 'under the Name of Britanni, but not fo oft; and they were fub- divided into feveral Peoples. T'he other Patt of the Ifland without the Roman Province, that is, the northern Part, was cal- led Britannia minor, and inferiour. Now all the Inhabitants of this nortljern Part, who were in continual Bickerings and War with the Romans and their Provincials, were 'called Scoti, fometime Tranlmaiins, fumetimes Foreigners; and they did ccnfifi of two chief Peoples, to wic, Brigintes WPifli, which kith were fr J divided into ftveral leffer Peo- ples, of '-'i^hich we forbear to [peak at this lime. So the Name (fScczi was at €rji appel- lative, and given to more than to one People ; but tn Succefs of T'me appropriated to cue *. Aid this is not fingulav ui this Nam ; fcr the proper N.:n:es cf divrrs Peoples at firfi have been appellative, r.vd thereafter appiopriate to eue akne. I will infla;ue only in one, for Brevity Sake, which is this, T'he I\ia?ne Frar.k or Fiend), at fffl was comm n to ail tkcfe that (icod Ota together forFranchife and Liberty aga'nfl the Romans about the Rjiync, and ether Parts of Germany ; lut at length it becu7ne pecultar tn.to one Peiple, as ue f.e it is at tins Day. Moreover that the Name of Sciti wat appellatiie, and given to more than cue People, you may clearly fee by the ordinary Expn/Jton of ancient IPriters m the p.'ural Number, thus, iscotorum Gentes, Scotica:Gcnies ; when ctherwife all Men ordinarily t loth by Word and Writing have ever ufed, and to this Day ufe the fingular Number t fpeaking of onA People, rt/gcns, ko? gentes. populus «o^ populi, Nation, act Nations. - As all the Northmen People of the main Land, or Continent, both in Europe and A- (k, went ant iently under the Name of Scythz, witnefs Strabo inthefelfirds, The Ao- CtenC5 commonly called the northren People Jc>//;f/ f. And in another Place he fays. The Ancients did call by one Name oJ Scythes all the known Places towards thd Korth. He means in the Continent, or main Land. So the Nthein People of Britan- ry, which is anothr little IVdrld, were cf old, and td this Day are called Scoti. T'he two Niimes Scyiha and Scotus do fignify one and the fame Thir.^, to wic, an Archer or Bow-man; ;« /Af ia?/« Arcuarius, in Greek. To^trMf. ithe ancient I! riters tell us. That f/;fSeyihes were much gi% en to Archery, and to Huntirg i fo were anciently, and tothitDay ate the old^cots Bow men , in Hebrew, Ktfhur, from Ktfiitt, Bow. And lo you have the Signification of Scytha and Scoius, which are truly one and the fame, with little Change more in Latin than in Greek ; for the one is wri'ten SKt.5iJf, /o at firfi the other was writtenXuviif, which afterward they turned tUtf. 'S^Aorlf. This is the true Origin cf the Name ScOiUs: It comes veithtr from the fabulous Scota, neither from the they fpeak of Scyi jitid Scof, to Wit, y Scot ; as likewife the Low German calleth thtm both schutten. Fnm the Hebrew K^^t, we have the vulgar fchut forts in general, to wit, the Brigantcs and P.di. Next, the Scythes did not till the Ground, but feeding Cattle and Sheep, had a Cuflom to remonje from one Place or Soli"' tude to another : Of old fo did all the Scots, and to this Day the ancient or prifci Scots do. Sifee Scythes did live much upon Milk, andfo do our old Sects. 77;e Scythes, not knowing the JJje of Riches, did not defire them i and fo it is with many of our old Scots. The 'S^^thc^ were never vanquijhed by Foreigners ; fo the Sen's were never utterly over* thrown, although they have jufiered very much by their Enemies at fiver al Times. Th'i Scythes were hard for toyling and War ; fo are our Scof;, as is known to all, &c. We have faid. That the hdwellers of the north Part oj the Ifland v}ere named Scot'i, and that by a general Dtvilion they were of two Kinds, Btigantes and Piiiti. Now we mu(i enquire who are ii^ig^nics, and who Fifti; If- here they both lived, and jrom whence thel came. And to begin at Pifti, they inhabited the Eafi Side of Britannia minor which is the heft ; and, for'the mofl Part, they were of the ancient native Britons, of whom fundry of old, before the Entry of the Romans into the Ifland, had drawn themfelves northward, to have more Elbow- room for their Courfe of Life, which Was to feed Cattle, and to hum, removing frome one Place to another, whereunto Largensfs of Bounds is required. Then others of the old Bwou^ flying from the Tyranny of the Romans, tipon Grievance went from Time to Time northward, beyond the Limits of the Empire, to their ancient Com- Patriots- Next came in to thefe north Britani, at divers Times, feveral Colonies of northern People from beyond Sea- Hence it is, that fome late Authors have ivritten, that the Inhabitants of the eafi Side of Britannia minor came from Scanciie. The north Btitans having received thefe Men come from beyond Sea into their Society, and being joyned with them, made up a People Called f/jf Romans and South Britons, Pifti, becasife they contimndthe Cuflom of painting their Bodies, of old in Uje among many Nations; which Cuflom the South Bri- tons left off. with other Rites, mw become Provincials of the Empire, The whole Ifltind was firfi called Albion, of which we fhall (peak anon, God willing. ThenBfSTaYvia,} Britannia, which fgnifieth a woody Country; for of oM it was Ka-ra?, JifVfjL®-, Sylvis obfita, covered with Woods, as Strabo terms it. And to this Day we fee that Part of the Country oppoftte to the Continent, full of Woods and Jmlofures. We find in ancient Authors \, the Peninfule of Italy, jzex/ Sicily, whereof Rhegium was the Metropolis, called Bf87-7«a and ■R^t.^ania for the fame Reaftn, lecaufe it was xaT^JcTpi/t*©-. So Strabo Hflwej it alfo The Origin of the Word is Batat, which fignifieth feveral kindf of Trees, Fir, Aft, Cedar, &c. The Pifiti had divers People under them, whereof the chief lUfre Caledonii j by whofe Name fometimes all the Pitts were named, although Caidedcnii properly were thofe of the Pi(9;s who dwelt among the leffer Hills, of which Hills fome are called Ocelli mon^ tes, in vulgar Language Ochell Hills. The Country of the Caledonii did begin at Foitb, and went northward beyond Tay, where their chief City was Caledon, now Dun-* kell by a Tranfpofition. In this Country were the Woods called faltus Caledonius, or fyl- va Caledonia. The rocky and hilly Part of JEtoWa. in Greece, was called by the fame Name; and there was there a Town of this Name, yea, and a Forefi, }o much fpokeh of by the old Poets. True it is, that the Jecond Vowel is mw and then changed, which makes no Difference ; for in Words the Confonants are mainly regarded. Srrabo, Lib. lo; calleth the one and the other Country i^itav, i^ ^irpiivav, hilly and flony, or rockie ; th^ Name cometh from Gaiesetan, which is as much at Bmf rf^vf, iumul»s afper, a rough little Hill. Benorth the Limits of the Empire in this Ifland, all People befiies the Pifis were Brigantes, which importeth as much as Indtuellers of Mountains, or high Hills : So 'l Vide Sal. p. jai. in Plin< Mr. Buchaimns Preface. jou have //^Briganres near the Lake of Conftince, in dwelling Mountanis. On the Alps in Dauphinc you have the Brigancium Brianfon, the hightjl Town in Europe. 7he BngantfS of Spam, ns thoje of Ireland, of old did inhabitt Mountains; and fo did our Brig^antes in this Ifland mainly keejj upon the Mountains The Name cometh jrom Briga, Brica, or Bria, as it is diverfly written ; it fignifies an high Place or Muuutam. Our vulgar hath interpreted it Bray; hence we haply call our Brigante.v Braymtn, whom we call vtherwije Hif^hlanders, or Higlilaiiiimtn. J-.trabo tells us, that Bna amongfl the Thratians cloth /ignify a Town or City. And fu theVf^ord Bua mufi needs come from the Hei/rew Bira, Town or Palace, by the Tranfpojition of a Letter, which is ordinary in the Derivation cf IJords as vje have/aid a little before. Here for further Proof of the Tranfpo- fiticn cf M Letter in a derivativeM^ord,take this Example o«/y,iJumb»rton (or Uumbrton. Caufafaon, in his Notes upon Strabo, tells us from Htlychius, that liud Jiguifitth a Village, or Town upon a Hill. So Btia^gnifieth >.vt /imply a Town or Village, but juch an one as is hutlded en a Hill. And truly in the niofi ancient Times Towns or Villages were, for the mofl Part, budded upon high Places ; as any Man that hath taken the i'.uns to remark, either by Hi/lories- or by confidering the Places he 7»ay have feen, kncweth i.o then Brigaires are Men inhabitingthe Hills, or havi.ig their Towns, Cities Villages upon the Hills. Tea.jn old Timet, when they had not yet fixed their Abode certain they were wont to remove from Hill to Hill as ae have fiid formerly ; and to this Day fame of our Highlanders do within their own Extent and Limits. •■' 7/;f Bnoante^, in the Continent namely, were fo given anciently to take arvay Goods from their Enemies with a flrong Hand, that by Succefs of Time all tlwfe that cpenly did rob and plunder were c,7//fi Bngar.tcs: And the French has from hence derived the Vetb B igJicier, to rob or plunder. Next, there is a kind of Ar'ntur called bu^inixnCf the Ufi and Manner whereof is borrowed from the Bngantes ; it is like a Male coat. Laltly, Time is a kind of Ship ufed At the }ea. called Biisandne. of the middle Six,e, as being mofl proper for War at Sea Thus tmich tor the Name of Brigaiite?. The Brigantcs of this Ifland came hither from Ireland at divers Times, and upon divers Occafions. TIk Brgantes in Ireland, by P:o omy, are placed well fouthward: But thofe that .^re come after Pt- lomy, 1 mean thofe cf nearer Antiquity, have placed them more northerlf by many Miles, as ye may eafily fee by looking upon r'tolomy h.s Maps i and Orttlius /;// Maps of Geography of the Ancients. So ye fee that the iSrigantt^ at their fir ff coming to \rc\;irdfrcm Spain j for thence they came, with many other Inhabi- tants of that Ifland, dwelt in the fuuth Parts, but by Degrees drew northward, for Con- 'veniency to their wandring Com ft of Life, in keeping Cattle and hunting, and for Free- doom from the Trouble of too near Neighbours ; They went by Succtfs of ^ime fo far north, till at length having come to the Part next unto Britannie, they came hither and fpfftfftd themfelves of the little Ifland s and Hills next unto Ireland 5 and finding them- felves fitted in this new found Land for their Purpo[e, according to th.ir Mind-, they made their Abode there, and drew daily more and more Company unto thetn. till, at length they tnade agreat Body of People in Bnrannie, and by little and little came all along the U'efi Side of Btitannie, keeping the Hills, till they came to the River ^cUimd, that is Rluber, »MLancafhire, and from thence went flraight Eafiward, till they cflme to the Mouth of Albu', wow Humber. • The North Britains were glad to give them iVay, contenting them/elves with the Eafl Side of Britannia minor, (which indeed was, and is the befi) and were glad alfo to have them for a Rampart againfi their Enemies m the ."-outh or in major e Britannia, The crigantes were great Enemies to the Romans, with whom they had divers Bickerings t tut at lafi, they were compelled to go Nmhward, and were hemed m by the Wall built by /feKo^ans, betwixt the fluve Tina, now Tyne on the EaB Side and Unna, "T ij/n '" ^""'^"'and, on the U'efi Side. Although they left the Country befouih this M all, yeti'„e Romans continued there the Naie, by a gei.eral Appellation, ^oecalled Sco ., where they-Sere all Jp^ken of together : But when th.y-^^^re fpoken Jlpart. thofe 0} th. Eaft Lre called ^iccto-bruamu. Ihofi of the 14 efl cc'.re cal- La coro-Dr;"anres as we have heard o«r 0/ Stneca. Moreover. % Progrefs of time, the Ir.lh came to go tinder the Name of Scots «.th thofe of Br>ta.f... minor, or Albion, who from them had Help, Supply, and Xouits mtheir iVar againfi the Romans, and Br-tans Provinaas. Tims, naming ,7/l,..(li by th^ Name oj ^cots began (ome hundred Tears after Chrifl that ,s, toivards 1 middle ■4ges And about that Time Leland was called by tf>e Name of Scozu, as t^Z. ■■ a 0:lcUus hath remarked, n the felf^ordii 1 have obfcrved ^v/««rf to be na- C o Scotia, by the Wr...rs ot the m:ddlc Age. And fo it hath been cbferved by the lear.ed That ancient Authors did never name Ireland Scot, a ; as you may fee by thofe , , have e>:acUy reckoned up the old Names of Ireland, em of the ancient and clulfick Au- !},,,, , 0 It was not jaid much amifs by one. That this narnmg ol Ireland by the N mc oi Scotland was firft .bout Beda h.s 'lime, who lived in the B.gmn ng o£ the eiuhi Aoc. Scaliger tells us. That the Word Scot .s no Irijh Word, buc Bri- tilh; that is »ot ufed m Ireland but in Britannia- ^at is the Origme and Stgnifica- tinn oi the Word we have heard before. r rr , r i A the Ir.ft began to be called >cots. fo the P.fts left off to be fo named; now rjhdrawmgthemfelves from the Brigantes. or Albini, and flnkmg in with their Ene- testt^e Irfii ^^/;.tf/>v>m wr.c«//.iScociHibernier.les. and the A bins were cal- S Scoti Aibi'.nits And Irelana was called Scoa^ majot, becaufe Albania or Albi- on in thofe Days which they called Scotia minor, was of lefs Extent. But ths Name 0/ Scors was not for any long Time given to the Itifh , fo that at lengw the Name of Scots became peculiar to the Albins, or Brigantes alone. . „ ., • Laftlv 27;^Alb.ns hazing fubdued the Pids, and made them no more a People com- municaed into the Country, newly conquered by them, the Name of Scotia, as "»' ^oun- 7ry with Albania ; and fo all the Indwellers there were called Scots, -a:ith the AibiDS, as one People --Jiith them, and fo they are to this Day. No:v the Albins or Br.g.ntes, being the only Maflers of Sntannia tnmor came 0 be called ^ScotoBritanni, as the PxSs had been of old, and are upon OccaM called fo to this T)ay, to diflmguifl: them from the South Britons, of whom fome are called^am' bro-britanni, the refi Anglo-bricanni. . , , , a ■ Although the ancient Qngini^s 'Were called by Foreigners Scoti, narr.tly, by the mi- tons Provincials, o-.d the Romans, yet they did never name themfelves jo, by tins Name Scoti ; neither do the Highlanders to this Day, in their own Language, call themjelvei Scots, but Albins : So Scaliger had jufi Reafon to fay, That Scoti was not an h-.fh b J p»anse, \ Videfts Hermolaum Babainm in Plinipin, & Vadiannra, in Solinum, Mr. "Buchanans Preface. N-ime; As the Helknes did never name themfehes Greek, although they -were fo commonly called by the Foreigners- And the Mifraims did not call them/elves Egyptians, although Foreigners named them (o. I'he Scots mvj a days are divided, in Highland-mn and Lowland-men : "The High- )anders are the true Progeny vj the ancient Brigantcs, cr Albins, for the moR Part, J fay, hecaufe fame are come in later ^imes from other Countries. And to this Day our Highlanders, as the Brigantcs of old, makes main Vfe of their Bows and Arrows in their War, namely, when they are among the Hills ; fo when they praife one for a mi' lit art Man il^^y J^)^ He is a good Bow-man and Biay man ; which two Epithitet were exPreffed by the Ancients in one comfofedU ord Scoto brigantcsi 'I'he Lowland-men are made up oj divers Nations; for a few of them are a little Remnant of the ancient Pitts j other few are defended from the ancient Al- bins who. leaving the Hills after the Defeat of the Pi6t5, did betale thefpfhes to the low Country Divers from the South Parts of Bncannie, hid fled Jnm the Tyrany of the Saxons, Danes, and NVrmans, as they did of old fror/t the Ty- ranny of the RotBans: Then the Eng ifli, being Jo oft in Scotland with their Ar- mies have left divers in the Country : Alfo Marriages, and other p'ivJte Occafluns, have drawn fundry Men from England into Scotland. Ladjy, Sundry of the Low cvun' try people are come jrom beyond Seas, as from FraiKt Gtimai.y, Hungaiy, riaiidvr%' Ireland &c of late Days : So all being reckoned, there are but few in the Low country come 0/ the old h bins, Bn^nmcs, or old Pitls. i'he Low-country Men calls the Highlanders Irifh, not fo much for their ancient De" [cent as for their language, only difitring from the lisfb ty DialeEl ; and for their Vl^ays of living. Mt much unlike : let one mam Difierence is to be feeu in the Activity of fie bcoc«. and the Laz^inefs of the Irifh. On the ether Side the Highlanders call the Low-country Men Saxons not jo much for their Defcent (although many of them are come from the Southern People as we have faid who an a Progeny of the Sax'^ns) as for the Language which dtfferetb only bj Diale£i from the Language of the South, •which acknowledgeth the -axon Language for its Mother I'ongue and for the M^ay of living not fo different, fave that the bcots are harder b,ed; and conf que iitly mors fit- ted for toyling at iVar namely, than the Englifli are : For we fee the tisu'liih to have fain to toil and endure Wars, at the firfl going to the Field, by Reafon of their ten- aer and foft Breeding. '■The Language oj the South Britaaib of old nas rM much dif- ferent fiom that of the Giuh, Jrom whence they cam into Aibioi. , witiiefs lacicus in Aericola his Life: The Gaa^f. then did Jpeak a corrttft Greek : for they are come off the Greeks. Eefdes many IVordt of the old Gaulois, the Phrale ii,;d Cvnjh uSiion, are to this Day in the Pre ;otlai:t] jdl in gnat Dijuder and Troubles, iy dcmeflick DiJJenfivns and FucJious for fame Years. The Roman Lietttenant \jaxirous, Jee:ng the intefltne Troubles of Scotland, legan to lay Hold upon the Occajion. Firft, He fo- ments their Divijims "x'thin thim; next, not only he withdraws, under fair Prcmifet, from the Scots their ancient Allies the Pi&s, hut alfo obtains Help of the PiSs/o make l^ar againfi the^cots, and Jo to defeat thetn, which he did efe&uate indeed tn a Battle fought viith much Blood (lied on both Sides, at the Water of Dun in C'artick, where- in the li'iiig E'.ven was killed, (this Defeat Jell otit about 380. in the Tear of Chrifi) the mo(i Part of the Nobility, and Numbers of People of thofe that ejcaptd. feme fled into the M'^efi Ifies, fame into Ireland, and other/ to the Northern Parts of Germany or Scandia; fome Jubmitted themfehes to the H'ill and Difcretion of the Coi:querour, with the poor People that had not taken Arms. Among thofe that fled away "Was Echod the King's Brother, who went with ftmdrj of the Nobility unto Scandia, '^here be and they flayed divers Tears, and from whence, now and then, they had fecret Atttmpts upon Scotland, with the Help of their Brethren retired into the Jfland and Ii eland j but to pf/allEfeEi. Now, as the Face of the politique State of the Country was quite altered and un- done, fo the Condition of the Church alfo was much difordered, and the Culdces were con- firained to withdraw, and feek Shelter up and down where tkey could find any ; name' ly, they returned into the Ifles and into Ireland. At lafi the PiCts perceiving bj feve* ral Attempts made by the exiled SeoCf, to return home, and re efiablijh their State; (^although with little Succefs, as we have faid) that the Scots were fully refclved to beflir themjelves continually, till they were refiored, and reeflablijhed in their ancient In- heritances ; the Pitts themfehes lemg fnoved with the groaning Miferses of their Neigh- bour poor People of Scotland, now under the Roman loke , chnflf by their Means ; and taking to their Confideration, how fooli^ly they had Juffered themfehes to be fo Jar circumvented and deluded by the Romans, as to contribute to the Ruin of their old Friends by whom, mainly in former Times, they htd withflood the common Enemy, did not only comfort the poor oppreffed Remainers 0/ /At Scots at home, but alfo did invite thofe that were in Exile te return, promidng unto them the Lands which they had of theirs , and to help them with all their Strength and Counfel, in tht Recovery of their •whole State from the Roman Tyrants. The exiled boots, under the Condu£i of Fergus the 11. Son to Ethod, beyond Sea gathered all they could, both of their own People^ and of their Friends, from the Places of their Exile, navtely, from Scar.d ii . and from Ireland likewife, and came into Scotland ; from whence they chafed away the Romans by Jirong Hand, with the Help of the Pitts, who made good their Promije unto them, both affjjiing them in the Action of War, and in refl^ring unto thtm the Land that they had been po If e [led with by the Romans, The Auxiliaries from h f:\and flayed fiill in Scotland, and had allowed unto them the Country "^of G allow zy for their Reward; and becaufe they were of the ancient Brigantes of Ireland, fome of the late Writers have faid, that the Srigantes of Atbion had their Abode in Galloway. No fooner is Fergus crowned in the fatal Chair, and fettled in his Kingdom., but he takes to his frB Care to refiore the Purity of Divine Service, u^ich had been tcclipfed in thefi Bounds for feveral Ttars ; and to this EffeSi he calls fome of the difperfed Culdees of his Country, whom be fettles in their ancient Abodes; namely, in the Ifle of lona, where he furnifhed them with a Library of Books which he had gathei ed beyond Sea, as the Story tells us. This P.eturn of Fergus into Scotland, Son of Ethcd, Brother to Jate Ev;ep, fell mt about \he Tear 4-^0. The regaining by the Scots of their native Country under the Command «/ Fergus the II. will not Jeem flrange unto thtm who have read what they did under the Cuihmauds of William Wallace, and how under the Condidi of Robert Biuce, they recovered their Liberty from the Thraldom viherewitb they were then oppreffed. c a Ewen, Mr. Buchanans Preface. Ewen, Son to Fergus the II. by the Counfel and Aid of his Grand-father by hit Mother Grame, dtd not only keep his Father's ancient Kingdom but nifo did enlarge the Limits thereof, having paffed the next U all of the Romans, which by Gramc -aiat pulled down in many Places; hence it is called G(zm^'s Dyke, and he pojjtjfed him" felf, and the Pi<9:s, with all the Lands lying an hundred Miles Southward, that is, un- to Tyne, and kept them till the Entry of the Saxons into the IJland. Next, he toak unto his Care, not only to ftek out the Culdces Fugitives, which had not yet returned under his Father, but alfo he fent for others into the Neighbour Country oj Britain, anA flffigned unto them convenient Places for their Aiode, witj) a moderate Competency of Means for their Maintenance, that they fiould be in mwife burdenfome to the People, now look- ini to have fvme Refpite from their Prejfures and Grievances. ,And fuch was the Hap- pinefs of thefe Days, that a very fmall Proportion did content the Church-meif, ft ting wholly their Minds to the confcienable Difcharge of their Calling, which they did, preach- inz God's J4^ord carefully, truly, and fimply, inftru^ing the People in the Fear of God, and fo gaining their Souls to their Maker and Redeemer. By this their Carriage they sained very tnuch RefpeB among the People, who honoured them as Fathers, Inftrucierst and Guiders unto Heaven under God : 3'he vertuous civil Magi/irate was the fecon- dary Caufe of this good Behaviour of Church men, who, by his Authority, kept them in Order nnd, by his own Example, taught them to difcharge their Duty faithfully, mi live difcretly. But fo foon as the civil Magiflrate left them to themfehes, then they KesleBing their Calling, fit thetr Mind upon Ambition and Avarice, and (on/eqiientlTf upon all Evil, thinking of nothing lefs, than of that they were called to Here we are to obferve, ^hat as the Scots did conflantly wiihfUand the ancient R.0' mans and kept themfehes fo free of their Tostk, that they neither acknowledged their Authority, nor received any Law from them, although it was not without great StrUg' I ^„^ Haz^ard, yea, almoR to their utter Ruin, as it fell out under Lwen the \i p'lff a'ter fame few Tears, the Scots, under the ConduEi of Fergus the II. fl«^ Ewen the 11- «"* "^^y '■f^'^'"^^ ^^''^ *^^y ^(i^ lofl by the Romans and- Pids, but alfo con' auered a great Deal of Ground beyond their lafi Limits, at we have newly f aid. So the Scocs m Church Affairs, for many Tears together, had nothing to do with the Fijhop of Rome neither made they Acknowledgement unto him in an) Way, neither did they receive any Laws from hint \ for as they had the Gofpel planted among them without his Help, to wir, by the Difciples of Saint John the Apoflle, fo they kept themfehes unta the Conflitutions and Canons, fettled by the fame firfl Planters of the Gojpel among them : But by Succefs of ^ime, they became to be infeBed by their Neighbour Nations, •with the Poifon of the PelagUo Herefy. Celcftinc then Bijhep of Roraf, takes Occaji- fo fend unto the Britons, a learned Man called Palladius, to help the Orthodox Britons to convince the Herefy of Pelagius, thin fpreading itfelf amongfi them, which ivks done accordingly, . . Ewcn the ll> King of Scots, hearing hovs f/is Btitons, by the Help of Palladius, W repreffed Pelagianifme, being mofi defirous to purge the Church of his Kingdom alfo, where this Pelagian Error had crept in, Jends for Palladius, who, with fmall Difficulty, affiled the Orthodox to iifabufe thofe who had been carried away by Pelagianilme, and there- after in a very fhort "time, by fubtile Infmuations, gained fo far upon the well mean' ini Scots, that they confented to take new Governors of their Church, who were to have a Degree and Pre eminence above their Brethren, to wit, the Prelac b-fljops. Hither' to the Church of Scotland had bein governed by Monks and Priefls, without any fuch Djnnity or Pomp. I call their new Governors Prelat'bijhops, to di/lingtii/h them front thetr former Overfeers and Superintendents of the Culdees, who are fometimes by iVri- ters called Bijhops, as they were indeed ; hut they had no Pro-evtinence, or Rank of Dig' ntti above the refi ; neither were they of any diflinEl Order from the refi of their Bre- thren, That at this Stime by Palladms was brought into Scotland thofr ntw kind of Bifhops, it appears by the Relations of the Authort ftlhwing, thus. y PalU- Mr. Buchanans Preface. Palladius it thought to be the fir ft who made Bijhopt (that is, of this new Order) in Scotland * ; for till then the Churches were without Bifiofs, governed by Monks, with lefs Vanity truly and outward Pomp, but with greater Simplicity and Holinefs- Before him, jaith He(hor Botcej, Palladius wis the firit of all that did bear the holy Magiltracurc among the Scots, being made Bifliop by tlie great Pontif or Bi(bop ; for till then, by the Suffrage ot the People, the BiQiops were made of tlic Monks and Culdees. John Mair fpeaki thus *, Before Palladius, by Priefis and Monks, without B.lhops, the Scots were inftrudcd in the Faich. John L(.l\:y faith thii[i, Among us (Scots) the Bifhops were only defigned by the Suftrage of Monks. t, r , • John of Fordon, in his Scots Chronicle,, faith f, Before the m-coming of PMadi^ us. Che Scots had for Teachers ot the Faith, and Miniflers of the Sacraments, Presbyters only, or Monks, foUo.vint; the Rites or CuRoms of the primitive Church. Mark the latter Words ; for according to this Saying goes the Judgment of the kfl Divines, who write the I'rnth without any RefpeEi ; whofe Mind John Seneca declareth thus. In the fir a primitive Church the Office of Biihops and Pritfls was commo.. to the one and the other ; and both the Names were common, and th- OfEce common to one and the other: But in the kcond primitive Church, tlie Numcs and the Offices began to be diftinguifhed.- Baleus of the Briton Writers, Betore Palladius the Scots had their Bifhops and Minifters, according the Mmiftry of the facred Word, chofen by the Suffrage of the People, after the Cuftom of thofe of A/ia : But thofe Things did noc plea'e the Remans, who hated the Aftaticks. - „ „. Baroniu'. in his Annals faith tins. The Scots gat their fira Bifliop from Ce/f/?/nf Pontit Roman Pfofper in his Cronic. The Pontif Celefline fendeth unto the Scots Palladius to be . their B {hop. Item, Unto the Scots then believing in Chrift Palladius is ordamed by Pope Ce- lefiine, a^d fent thither the firft Bifhop. Beda, in the Hifiory of England, Palladius was fent fic.1 Bifhop unto the Scots^ by CeleRine., Pontif of the Rww^k Church. By thefe Authorities we fee, Ihat the Scots, before Palladius, had no Bijhops at all; or, at lerM. their Bi,hops were not of any diJiinSi Order from other Priefis and Culdees, by wfnm they were ordained, and of whom they were chofen, as we have touched be- jore; and fi they were not as thofe BiJJjcps have been with us in thefe latter Times. Next, let us obferve. That the Scots Bijhops, fiue Palladius, muft acknowledge them- fdves Clients of the Roman Antichrifl, feeing of hhn they have their Beginning and Dependence; although in Words yea, in fame Part of Duihine, they feem to difclaim him. ytt in many Parts they Jhew thtmjelves to be of his Family, namely in Govern- mint ; for they, with him. lord over the Inheritance of Chri/i, and, forfooth, take unto thmfdves the Natne oj Loids Spiritual, as if they were Lords of the Spirits of Men, contrary to God's Word, wherein we are taught, 7hat the Father and Maker of Spi- rits is the only Lord over them : Or, at leaft . Lords oj fpiritual Things, againfl the ex- pi-efs Words of the Apoflles, who acknowledge themfelves to be only Minifiers of the Spirit, and fpiritual Things, reputing it the great efl Honour in the World to be fo. And Fcier, who after he had flikd himfelf no more than Co presbyter with the reft of the Presbyters, he forbids them to lord over the Flock of Chrif}. Then, fince in the pri- mitive Church, the FunBion of Btjhop, and Pafler, and Presbyter, weie undifi/nguqhed, and any uie of the Na?»es indifferently denotea the Office, n mujl be confejfed, That the Change of Cover nihcnt -which h.nh entred into the Church, is not immediately from Chri/i andhis Apo files, neither by Precept nor Example, but contrary to Chrijl's M'lll and In- tention, tieclaied in his it'ord ; and according to the Inventions of Men, fervmg to the exorbit.vit Affetlions of Avarice, Ambition and Luji; to the Satisfafiion of which they d have * Bnchan. lib. 3. | Lib. 7. cap. 2S. ♦ Lib. ;. cap. 2. ;; Lib. 4. in Eugenio j. t Lib. ;. cap. 8. Mr. Buchanans Preface. ha've dimineeyed aver the Fkck of Chrift like Tyrants, devoured the SttbRance thereof, like rav. nwi^ IVdves , yed, what is worje they have not only been negligent and ctirelefs to diflitlnte t!nto (he People the l-Vordof God, but alfo with their Alight and Power have hiridred and Ji pt others to make known unto God's People the pure Light of his GuJ- pel tie vrainayy Mans of Salvntinn ; and confequeutly fo jar ai in them lieth, by thus fiarvif'g th m of this heavenly Food, feni them to Hell. Such were thefe fpiritual Lords, -who as they have encroached upon the fpiritual Lordjhip of Chrift Jefus over his Flock, and ulurped his Authority; yea. and cppofed it flatly, under the ISiame of fpiritual Authority and "JuriJdiBion : io have they boldly and cunningly invaded the Prerogative of civil Magishates by their Courts and Regalities within the Dotniniuns of Princes •where they live ; Tea in fundry Places they ufurp the full /Authority of Princes, and in others they flatly oppofe it. And all this hath been done, not only of old, by thofe who •were called Romifh Bijbops, but alfo in our Days by Bijhops ; who in Jome 'Things make a /hew, that they difclaim their Father the Poiiut Roman, whom in their Heart they love and refpeH, as their AEiions do witnefs. Although by PalUdius Prelacy was brought in the Church of Scotland, aitd by that Means the Government was changed; and thereafter immediately by Degrees other Al- terations crept into the Church: Yet thofe lirnts after Palladius, till the Jixth Age, I mean till Augultine the Monk, may he faid to be gulden Times, and pure, in regard, of the following Days, wherein Church men, without any Reftraint, abandoned thetnfelves to Ambition Avarice andLtifi, neghEling altogether their Funtiion ; for in thefe fourth and fifth Ages the) were many godly and learned Men, who zvere diligent in difcharg' mg the true Duty of a Pa/lor, as Co^ambs, Libthac, Echernan, &c. Then K. ito- gcrne, who by,Nickname was called Mongo, becaufe his Mafler Servian fpeaking unto him, iifed ordinary this Expreffton, Men ga^ which in corrupt French is as much to fay as Uy Boy. P.; Had I us having brought into the Church of Scox.\2ir\a Hierarchy, as we have faid, takes to his next Care to provide for the Maintenance of this new Degree and Order, which was obtained without great Difficulty both of Prince and People, tinder Pretext of Pie' ty. but with bad Succefs, as by the woful Experience of following Times we hilvi found ' Thefe new Bi/hop prelates having pretty well fettled their own Condition for Main' tenance which, although it did exceed much the Allowance of former Ages to Church- men, yet it was very moderate in regard of the following Times. Next, they obtained ereat Lands and Revenues from Prince and People, for other Presbyters and Miniflers^ 'who formerly had been very little burdenfome to the People ; for by their ownlndudry and Work of their Hands, did provide for themfelves Nectffaries for the mo ft Part ; by this Means the Prelates tie the otlr.r Presbyters and Miniflers to them, and fecondarily bring in, by little and little Idlenep and Slacknefs in difchargmg their Calling, from whence are rifen all the Evils we have feen ftnce in the Church After the beginning of the fifth Age to wk, 521 Tears, in this Ifl.ind began {the o/'inter m good Chear and Mirth, which was done forthwith, as it is given out, for Devotion to Chrift, although, that then true Devotion was verv little regarded; for as thefe Men did exceed the Romans timing this Feafl in Riot and Licenttoufnefs, fo they continued the Feafl double the Time that the Edinick Romans were wont to keep it ; for the Romans kept it only five Days, but thefe kept it ten Days with their new Devotion; yea, thoje of the richer tort, in Time folloiu- ing. have kept it fifteen D.iys. T'hus was the Beginning of the profhane Idlenejs and Riot c/ LhMlimas, now kept twelve Days with foolijb Excefs and Riot. As thefe Chtiilmas Keepers did mfhike the M'^ay of honouring Chrifi's Birth, by this Kind of Solem- Mr. Tuch^n.ms Preface. Sole'Tiiiity fb did they mi (take the Time of his Birth ; for the moft exa^ Chronologen till us that Chvift "Wiis lorn in Odtoher. and not in December. The tjcocs retain Jiill the old Name julsa, of this prepoHerotis holy Feafl; Jcr they call tt corruptly Jul, although they never kept it of old, not iting fii!>jtCl to the Romans. The French and Iraliaiis in this are nothing behind with us ; for brjide, that they fiare -with us in thefe '^auirnalu, Julia, or Chnltmas, they go beyond us in Riot and Foole' ries in their Bacchanalia, which they call Carnaval or Mardigras l>ejore Lent, -which m oldTifne- was kept to the Honour cf Bacchus. Btit the Corruptions that were brought in our Church jrom Rome, in the fourth and fijth A"^t. were nothing to what was brought m in the Jjxth and feventh Age, for then uas Relgwn turned upjide down, »nd fo changed into fuperftitious Ceremonies fli.d Idoatr) ai-thvrized by falje Miracles, that there was hardly left any Trace (f true h eli^ton among Men in thvfe Days Pailadius was the fit (I that acquainted us with Hi (Ti as we have fatd, and that brought in Prelacy atnongft us, a little after the Beginning of the fourth Ages which he and his Succejjbrs by Degrees brought unto a. great Htight, both m worldly Pcmp and Means (jor the Times) by the inconftderate Debonarty (j the Prime, and Simplicity of the People, but not without Sfiuggling and t\ e/if?a>ce by pivus and wife Alen, for many Tears. It was the H'ork of Church' men, let a foot by PjlliOitr fo till the fisth Age, that is, upon the Matter, two hun- dred Yeirs to raife themfelves to Power, and Authority, and Means, whereunto they came tnfnfibly, fo much the rather, becauje they were [paring for thefe Days to invent the main Doctrine of the true Religion The People and Magidrate feeing their Kelt' gtcn remaining in its Main, were without great Difficulty, drawn over to give U''ay unto the Grentnefs of tht Church men: But when thofe gallant Fellows had wrought their own Ends, they did Jhew plainly what was in their Hearts ; for then they de- clared tlh7nfelves to be Enemies both to God and to Man, by their vitious Lives, cow trary to the Laws of God and Man; their fglfe DoEhine, contrary to Gods U^ord; then tyrannical dominiering over the People, and withdrawing themfelves from due Obedience unto the lawjul Magiflrate, In a Word, by direBly oppofing God abufing Men to their utter Ruin of Soul and Body, and fetting up their own Inventions fvr the Laws of God and Men, they were a bringing this Height of Iniquity to pafs, about the Matter of two hundred Tears likewife, to i', the fixth and feventh Age, al- though the Wurkers of Iniquity did at Infl bring their mifchievous Defign to an EnJ^ by the Permifjion cf God irritated againfi Men for their Sins, who, not adhering un- to him. were abandoned fo, that they became a Prey tintt Satan and his Infiruments, to follow all Iniquity : Tet fuch was the Mercy of God towards Men in thofe mojl corrupt Times, that the Devil and his Inflrtiments went not fo clearly on with their wicked Bufnefs but they had nozv and then, from Time to Time Remoraes and Lets in it, by thofe whom God raifed up to bear tVitneJs to his Truth And in thofe Days fun- dry of the S<:<>ts Divines were very flout in the keeping of the *ncient Tenets and Rites, (which they bad received from their firfl A po files, Difciples to Saint John, accord' i.ig to the Church of the Eaft) witnefs the great Struggling they had about the keeping 0! Palche, Or Ealier-day ; jor till then the bcots had kept the Day of Pafche upott the fourteen Day of the Moon, whatfoever Day of the Week it fell out on; the Roma- n'.lis called thofe that kept fo this Day quarcadtCimani, and condemned them as Hereticks, and they kept the Day conflantly upon the next Sunday fdlowing, tmd not upon « working Day; at lafl the ^co b were conf.rained to yield in this, as in other Rites, unto Rtmi.. Culman, and divers other SconOi Men, did fo fioutly oppofe the Ro- man ifts tn the Point of t after-day, and in other Tenets, that they chojt it being gi' vtn to theii Choice, either to fulnut unto Rome, or to quit the Settlings they had in the North of England, rather to lofe their Benefices than to yield. So fiandinz fafl to the Cufloms of the Scois Church, wherein they had been torn and bred, they returned heme to 6co:land. * C 2 Ahotit Mr, Buchanans Preface. Abcut the End of the feventh Age, Men from Scotland given to Ambition and A- varice vjeut trtqumtly to Rome /or Preferment in the Chinch ; and fteingit hty much that 'fa} then the\ did their btfl to advance the Dejign of the Romilh tarty, where- in all the '^k''' of -amy Idly Men -was emplo)ed both in Rome, and Mmongthe Scots of that Party . m.my Men went to and fro. between Rome and Scotland, to bring the £co:s to a full Obedience unto Rome, anJ Conjormity , by Name there was OKe Boni- face fer/t fom R' mt to -.cOilanci, a main Agent for Rome in thife Affairs : but he was vpfifed openly by feveral of the >iCots Liuldtes, or Divines, namely, by Clemens and .S^miun who told him freely. That he, and thofe ot his Party, Itudied to brnig -'vJen o chc iubjtttion ot' the Pope, and Slavery of Rome, withdrawing them viim Ob-d\t.r,c^ to Chrifl ; and fo in plain I'erms they reproached to him, and to his AffiRunts 'T'hat they were Corrupters of Chr ill's DeBrine, cliablijhing a Sote- reignty i" the Ihjhop of Rome, as the only Succeffor oj theApofiles, excluding ether B.' flops; That they ufed and commanded clerical lonfure : "-That they forbad Priefls Mar- riage extolling Celibat , ^hat they caufed Prayers to be made for the dead, and erect- ed Images in the Churches ; ^o he flmt. That they had introduced in the Church ma- ny Tenets, Rites and Ceremonies, unknown to the ancient and pure Times, yea, contra- ry to them For the which, and the like, thefaiU L lemens, and thofe that were con- fiant to the Truth with him were excommunicated at Rome tis Hereticks, as you have in the third yolume of the COnCcls, although the true Reajons of their Excommunicati- on be not there Jet dvwn In the eighth Age the poor People were fo blindly injiaved, and intoxicat with the Cup of Romt that they thought it a truly holy Martyrdome to fuffer for the Interefi of Rome ; yet. although mofi Men had left God to worfiip the Beafl, in thofe Days Cod raifed up fundry great Lights in our Church, as Alcum, Rabanus Mautus his Difciple, Jotu) .xoi. and Claudiu.s Clemens. In this we flmll remark the cOnBant Gocdrtcfs of Cod towards his People who made his Light fhine infome Meafure through the greateft ai^d thtckefi Darknefs, by raifit.g up theje Men, who. did bear iFitnefs to the Truth both by H^ord and H^riting ; fo that God did not altogether leave off his People. The Bijhvp of Rome caujed to declare Alcuin (for his Book of the Eucha- tii'j many Tears after his Death an Heretick. So Rome perfccutes the Saints of God, tven after their Death In the nnth Age both Prince and People, by doleful Experience, did find the Idle- nefs Pride, Ambition Avarice, and Riot of Church men, occafioned by the Indulgence of Prince and People ; wherefore at Scone under Kmg ColittanMiie \the II. there was had a Convention of States for reforming the Diforders of the Church. In this Affem- bly it was ordained, That Church men Jhould re/ide upon their Ch irge, have no med- ling with Secular Affairs ; That they Jlsouhl inftruEi the People diligently, and be good Examples in their Coverfations ; That they Jhould not keep Hawks, Hounds, and Hor- fes, for their Pleafure ; 'that they Jhould carry no Weapons, nor be Pleaders of civil Caufes, but live contented with their own Provifions ; In cafe of failing in the Obfer- Vance of thefe Points, for the fir (I Time they were to pay a pecuniary Muld, or Fine ; for the fecond they were to be deprived from Officio emd Beneficio. Thus you fee, in thefe mofl blind and confufed Times, that refolute Princes and People did oppofe manijejlly the Pope's Omnipotency and high Soi'ereignty. In the latter Part of the fame Age King Gregory was mofi indulgent to Church-men; he was fn far from crubing and keeping them under, that he granted them many llmgs they had not had before. Then in a Convention of States holden at Forlane, it was ordained, That all Church-men Jhould h free of paying Taxes and hnpofl ; from keeping M^'atch, and going to Pi'^arfare: Item, Thiy Jhould be exempt from all temporal 'Judicature. Item, All Matrimonial Caufes were given over to the 'Judgment of Church men ; as aifo Tcfiaments, legative Anions, and all Things depending upon fimpk Faith and Promife : Likewfe the Right of ^itbes, with Liberty to make Laws, Canons and Conjlitut ions ; to try without the Af- fiflance o\ the temporal fudge, Hereticks, Blafphemers, perjured Per fons, Magicians, 3cc, Lallly, It ivas ordained, That all Kings following, at their Coronation, Jhould fwear to maintain Church men in thefe their Liberties and Privileges, In XI : Mr. 'Bucb.in.ms Preface. In ti.efe Da\t itved a learned Man. cdlhd John Scor, ftrnnmed .E igicna, lecauft hewn bum in the 7 own of Air; he puHijhd a Treniife, Dc corporc & faiiyuinc IJomiiH in (jcrjmnro, ■therein he jnamtamid tht Opinion and Doiirine of Btrttam, uhertby he iftuded highly the Sea of Rome. Ill the tenth Age Things grtw taorfe and tucrfe. The Church men did fa blind the Km? «.;oivianciiic the 111. that they perfwaded him to quit the l"« fi'^l^ "ot And that each one, or every one of them was anowtid externally, although they were all the Ahomted of the Lord. Next, you Jhall note. That the Oil wherewith Samuel anointed Saul and David (and fo the Oil wherewith other Kings were anointed) was not an Oil conff crated, as th.it wherewith the High priefi, &c. was anointed, but common Oil The Reafon of the Scripture phrafe, whereby all Princes are faid to be anointed, it this, Anointing in firfl and mofi ancient Times was a bigti of fetttng a part o^ a Man for the Office of a King. Hence, by Progrefs of Time, any Man that was fet afide bf God's Providence to execute the Office of a Kitig, whether he came theieunto by Sue- ceffim. or by Choice or by Conquefi, was called the Anomttd ot the Lot ci, becaufe ■ they had tie Thing figmfied ly God's Appointment, mwithfiandiig they wanted the Mg», 10 w; rtjt Ointmtnt vv^.'* ■! Furtht-r we fhall here ohferve. That ret only thofe >uhim G(d hath fit afide to le Kings, be called rhc Ar.omttd ot the Lord ; but aifo the People whom It hath fel afiJe or apart, for a peculiar End : So the Frrphet, fpe&kmg of the Pttple of llrael in Cod's Name ufeth this Exp, ejfion, Touch not mii.c Anojflud ; For thtir Sake I have reproved Kings, t MQr«i Mr. Buchanans Preface. Moreover note ^hnt as the People fet afide by God are [aid to be his Anointed, fo they are alfo called, A Royal Pritiihoou, Kinps and Prielts. Not that every one of the People is a King or a t'riei}, thefe being particular Callings, no more than they were anointed; but becaufe they are fet ajide by God as Priefis, to offer daily unto him the Sacrifice of Righteoufntfs, &C. /I nd as Kings -were anointed with Oil, to fig' nify their fetting afide for their peculiar Office , jo every one of us, being anointed in Baptifm by the Holy Spirit, is fet afide to do Jttfiice, &c. as a King, in our feveral Station. Ihus much have I, in few M'^ords, fpoken of Kings anointing, and how the People are (aid to be anointed, or to be Priefis and Kings, becaulc in the Beginning of the fijteenth Age fundry were condemneU as Hereticks, for faying, Tbac tviry Man is a Piieft in fome kind ; and that the anointing ot Kings is now needkfs, being an Inven- tion of .i?o»je, to fubjvfl: P'inces unto it. Some Tuars xfter the Beginning of the twelfth Age, King David, belide the Bifii' pricks formerly ereEled. did ereti the Bijhopnck. of Rof^. btichtn, Diinkil ^k^ Dum- blain This debonaire Prince was fo prufufe towards Church men, that he gave them a good Part of the ancient Patrimony of the Crown : So he and his Succefiors were ne- ceffitate to lay Taxes and Impofi upon the People more than formerly to the Harm ef the Common wealth- In tliis alfo he wronged the Church ; for the Clergy being rich and powerful, left their FunBion, and gave thtmfelves over to all Rivt and IdlenejSy -till Rii-hes made Chunh men la%.y- this DifiinBion in difcharg.ng the Duty of a Pa- (lor, or of the Souls per fe aat per almm. was unknown. I/Phile Riches did not fo abound in the Church, Church men kept more Confien.e in the di [charging of their Places. In this twelfth Age the Scors, although they had Bifhops ever fince Palladius, who for a long 'time did dfharge the Fun'cliun indtffef-eutly in every Place where they came to. And although they had of latter Times difitnguijhed the Limits of the BvundSt •wherein they were to execute their Calling by Diocffies , yet in that Age, I Jay, they were not come to that Height to have Primates, Metropolitans, and Arch bijhops. Habere- Hore their Neighbour, the Arch bijhop of Yf^rk, having gained the Confent of the Pope, teflirred himfelf very earnefily, by the Affifiance of his King, to have the bcotifh Bi- fhops acknowledge him for their Metropolitan whereunto the floute/i of the Scofifll Clergy would not confent, but they would depend immediately upon the Pope; and to this ■ '£ffeEi Legates were fent from Rome to bcorland, who being come hither, and feeing the Kefolution of iheScoofh Bifhops not to futmit to the Atch bijhop of YoA, and find' tng their own Benefit thereby, they did exempt and free the bcors Clergy from the Trouble of the Arch bifiiop of York. There was one Gilbert Bifiiop of Caichnefs, a great Strugglerfor thhBufinefs. About the latter End of this Age fundry Priefis were put from their Office, becaufe thy had takenOrders upon Sunday, In that Time there was a Synod in Pcrtii of Divines, fuch as they were, who decreed, Tliac Sunday (houlcl be kept holy from all ■ -Work, tfOTi Saturday ac Mid day, or Twelve of the Clock, till Monday WJorning. In the thirieenth Ag"- few Tears after the Beginning thereof, divers kinds of Monks ^tatne into Scotb' d. formerly unknown to the Land, as Dominicans, Francifcans, Jacobins, aud fundry other of that Sort of I.ocufis- In this Age thefe Vermine of Monks did fo multiply every where, that at a Council at Lyons it was decreed, Thac no more new Orders of Moiks £houJd be admitted or tOlcrattd. But bow the Decree hath keen kept, we fee in our Days. Next ,the Monks of feveral Kinds gave themfelves fo to begging, that the" People were much eaten tip by them and the Poor his Portion was withdrawn, which occafioned great Mur- mur among the Commons. Upon this there was a Decree made then, That only the Minoriac!>, Predicanis Ci mclncs and Hermiccs of Si. Augufiine, fliould have Libeity to beg; whence they are called, The four Mendicants , Les quatre Mendicants. "lowards Mr, Buchanans Preface. 7'owards the Ei.d of this tlmt<.emh Age fell out th.it g.etit Dejoiation &/ the State of Scodand, occ<^fiuned by the Controijerfy for the Suuefjtun of the Crown ittwixt HdlnA andl'toce, Bdliol king cvndra.ned by the States of btotland to break the Protmje he had made to Edward of EngL^ d. to fubjecl the Crown of Scotland unto him, for ju.:ging the Catife en his Side. After tniuh I'iouile and Mifery of ff'ar. the >tate of bcoiund rfcuw/ Roberf Biucc, ccme of the femtd Branch, for King, '.ecailtng *ll tlie Subjeiiion and Allegiance they had given to Balol, licaufe of his Vuworthimis to rtign; •who, btfide LJii^tnefs to tear Rule over a military People, had bafely cohdefcended to en- flave that Nation, to whom their Liberty hath been fo dear to this Day, that for tt^ and the Ptotty of true Religion, which both, bj God's Mercy they now enjoy, they have willingly iind chearfully undergone all Haz.ard 0} Life a:. d Mean', judging, TL:t if th-;y ju^end theje two Twins, Liberty and Religion, either to be infringed, or taken fiont them thty had mthihg left thtm whereby they might be, called Men. The HmmLalle Hijtoiy oj King Jamts the i. of Scotland yf«ffi thit Ptirpofe very well S.hel'flffage is this. King ]iimi:s the I. going into France, was taken bt the Lii- glfh, and kept Prifoner by them for many Years- In that Tm;e the King of England goes to FraFtt, o make M ar, and at his Arival there, he finds an Army of Sco^s ready to fight for the Alley of Scotland, the trer.cii Kmg againfi the tnyhflt Upon this the Ktig of Eng'and moves King James, whom he had taken along with him to write unto the cots, and to charge them. Upon their Allegiance, not to draw their Sword agamfl the Pa>ty where he their King was in Perfon. Thi Scocs aiifwered, That they we c icnt lino France to affiit their Allies agaiiift the common Enemy. As foe him who wrote unto them, fince he was a Pn'.oner, and not a free Man, thty nei- ther Owed him Allegiance, nor would thty give h'm any, fo long as he was iri .Piiloi; but if the were fet at Liberty, and were liiing among them, they would obcv h:m accirdmg the Laws of the Country, fince the Crown was fettled up- on ivn- by If Conltnt of the Srates, and fo they did ; for thefe Kingdoms were go- lerned in his Name, without any Cvmmunication with him, during the Time of his Im- p ifnment, which was very long; but when he wera home, he was received a;, d obeyed as K:>g From this, Princes may learn that although People did fub?mt thtmfelves to then Goverument, the Refigmition is not fo ju'l as to divefi thtmfelves of all Power in fitch a IT'ay , that the Prince may difpofe of them as he thinks right or wrong, he ordi- narily being mifltd and kept captive by thvfe that are about him, who, for the mofl Party have no Regard to publick Good, nor to the Credit and Efleem of him, to whom in Shtw thty projtjs themfelves fo addicted The People have cenjhmtly rejerved even tin' to themfelves by the Content of all Men, yea, of the greate/l Curt furafi^ts and Syco- phants of Princes, that the Prince cannot, nor ought not to eiflave or fubjeB the Peo- ple to ally foreign Power ; and where Princes, by P ufillanimity and ill Counfel have tffdyed or attempted [uch a Thing, they have fmarted for it ; witr.efs Baliol, who not only wfls excluded himfelf from the Crown, but alfo his Poftcrity ; and it was fettled upon the next Branch to wit, Robert Bruce, with his Defcendents. where it continues to this Day by God's Providence. Then, fince the People have referved this Power in them' felves to flop the Prime, to put them under any foreign Yoke or Slavery, is n poffihle that they have not referved a Power to right themfelves from domeflick and intejiine Slavery and Mifery, Slavery being ever one and the fame ? For what is it to w.- by whom 1 fuffer Evil of one and the favte Kind and Degree, whether it be by a Neigh- lour, or a Stranger, a Foreigner, or a Ccn citiz.en ? Tea, when I fuffer by^trn who fhould be my Friend, and fland {or the fame Freedom with me, my imfiering is the greater. lo, this Purpefe you have a memorable Pafja^e of William the Norman, -who, al- though he had invaded England -nith the Sword, and by it had defeated him who ,did oppofe him for the Cfoun, -jiith all his yidheients and Party, and in confequetice of this l^tilory had ctmmitted many Out rages ""Jiith a firot.g Hand ; yet the fame Willi- am could never uffure hmfelf nor his Pofttrity of the Allegiance of the Pscple, till he had fixorn folemnly (according to tfie Rite of the Times) for bimfelf and his, to gO' e 2 wrti Mr. Buchanans Preface. •vern according to the good and approved Laws of the Land, as the vefl of Kings before him had done. Then the County of Kent, in its own Name, and in the Name of the whole King- dom, declared, That neither Kent, nvr any other oj the Kingdom was conquered, but in a peaceable 11 ay did fub7nit to William the Norman, upon Condition and tilth Provtfo, That all their Liberties, and free Cujlomt in Ufe and Pra^ice. JJjuuld be kept. If this was not accompbjhed afterwards, it was Stllmefs of the People that fuffered them' felves to be abujed, and the Fault of mtjled PnnciSt that did not keep then Promifff •whereunto they were tied ; and fundry, for the Breach of this Promtfe, have had Occa- /ion to repent when it hath been tto late. We Jhall add one Example more, which is of Henry the VIII. who, anno 152 j,- the feVenteenth Tear of his Reign, by the Advice of his Council, put a Tax upon the People, which the People did not only refufe to pay, but h dared. That the Thing was unjufi and unlawful. Pttthal, wherever they met thoje whom the King had employed ior the gathering the Money, they ufed thttH fo kindly, that they did never ccme twice to one Place for the Payment of the Tax. The King feting this, he dfilaims the Im- portion of the lax, and fo the Nobles that cunveemd at London, by h:s Command for that Purpofe, and lays all the Fault upon ill Counfel, namely, upon Wolfey. This was Henry conjlrained to do, mtwitkfianding his Refolutemfs againfi all fo'eig» Enemy, chiefly the Pope "inith his ihaveliKgs. B) this Infiance Henry acknowledged his Power to he limited, and noWife arbitrary, againfi the Dochine if our new Court parafites. Now, if the People have this much Power in them, as to (land for their temporal Liberty, both againfl foreign and dome/tick Slavery, far more may they, and ought they to defend the (piritual Freedom, which Chris}, having purchafed with his Blood hath left them, as Members of his Church- But all this Defence of Liberty and Religion ought to be made fo, that it be without By ends Jmiflrous RefpeEls of Hatred, Malice, Ambition &c. The only Scope and main Drift being, to have God's Glory, in the Light cf his Gofpel^ fettled and maintained, the People at quiet, the Prince obeyed in God and for God, (<• e ,) according to the Law of God, Nature, Nations, and the Country, or Kingdom, fo far as poffible can be. This being lookt to carefully, there is no Gap tpened to Rebellion ; which is a fighting againfi God's Ordinance, and not the jufl and neccffayy oppojiiig of the Abufe and corrupting of the good Ordinance oj God. But here a Court-flave "00111 fay. If Things befo, there is no Abfolutenefs in Monarchs and Princes. To anfwtr this, we mu/l know what is to be meant by abfolute, or Abfolutenefs ; Vlhereof I find two main Significations. Ftrfi. Ablolute figwfieth perfeB, and Abfo- lutenels PerfeEiion: Hence we have in Lacm this Exprefjion, i:*erKaum efl omnibus, numeris abfolutum. And in our vulgar Language we fay. AThing is abfolutely good, •when it is perfeSlly good Next, Abioluiejignifieth free from 'tie or Bond; which in Greek is iyiihiKvixiun Now, fay J, if you take abfolute for perfetJ, that Prince or Ma- gi firate is mofi -abfolute that is mofi perfeEl, who governs mofi abfolutely, or mofl per- feBly- The A'folutenefs, or PerfeEiim of Government confjfls in its Conformity to the (erfeSi Rule, which is written tn the Law of God, printed in the Heart of Man, re- teived gene> ally of all wife People, and in PraiJice by all particular well-polifhed Com- mon wealths Next, I fay, if you take ahioluie for free from Tie or Bond, that no Prince nor Magi/irate is free; for every Magi (Irate or Prince, as well as the private Man, is bound to keep the Law of God, of Nature, &c. not only in particular Things, for his own (ingular Carriage, but alfo in publick Bufinejfes. for the Good and Society of Men. or of the People : For God hath given his Law, And Nature her Dili ate s to all, to the Obfervance of which all Men art tied. Tea, farther, they are not only hound in their feveral Conditions, and tied to the Performance thereof in their own Per- Jons hut alfo are bound to further it With all their Might, and take away all Things that may let and flop this Performance, or deter and withdraw Men from it. Read Lev. XX ly where every Man is commanded to rebuke his Neighbour, and flop him from finning. Read Deur. xvii. 19, 20. where the King is commanded to have coutinu- (illy the Copy of the Law before him for his Rule and Guide. IVhat is iu 1 6ani. viii. 10. Mr. Buchanans Preface. is what a King is likely to do, and not what he ought or fituld do. ffhis is clear ; fur tn the I'lace nownntned. in Dcuttronomy, the King is told -what hi ought to do; but thr.t he n U'd to do in Samuel, // contrary to the Otdmame oj God Loner the Placet, a/id jou uill eafily fte this ^)uih. Next, a Prince is faid to be abfoiute. that is not in any Kind lulaltern to another, and ulnfe SubjeHs aikncw/idge (under G(d) no other but hmi. Htnce )0U ?nay fee. That the fcip:fh Kings and I nnccs are not ab- Jolute: jor befJe the great Number of Ptvple wkhin their Limmions. -who are immedi- ate fuoin FaJJals to ihe lope, I mean, the :hrvellii:gs. '1 he I'nnce himfelf takes Oitth at his Reception, to uphold the over ruling Goveyi.n.int of the Pcpe, under the maiLed Name of spirituality; and the fmpk abufd Piince Jhall' have jir a Regard, to make up all, a little hoi) Oil to anoint him, and bear the Title of mi ft Chnfiian or Cat ho- iick Princes. Farther, J Jay. that the Prince who, although tn Jvme Things have cafl off the Tuke of this god upon Earth {for fo is the Pope now and then called) but keeps up a Part of his Tyranny m the Church of God over his People, wants and Ivjes f much of his Ahfolutenfjs, for this Tie upon him jrom a fuvereign Prince, the Pope But here the Pope [leii-eth the Height of his Cunning , jor he feeing that Princes are told friquently that they ate either abfollite or ought to be fuch, bethinks^imfelf to keep up his >uper eminency above Princes, as his Vaffals, and ytt make the Princes find an Abfolutenifs which he a^s by hn Em Jfaries and their inferior Infltumtnts jor their own p.ivate Ends uhom he m^ikes incu'cate tn the Ears of Princes that their Abfolutentjs cohftBeth tn doing with the Life. Liberty, and Fortunes of the People, as fiems good in their E)es, without any Regard to the Giod of human Society uhch is the ttue E,.d oj all Governmint, but Utth this Piovifo, That thofe who have Relation to him immediately, be exempted ; and thofe are not only his shavelings, who are openly obedient to his Commands and Orders. &c. but alfo thofe yea in Kingdoms where his Name is in a Kind rejeHed, who keep up his tyrannical Laws and Ordinances, as we have felt 0} late, namtly tn thefe Dominions wherein we live, to our wojul Experience ; for they ta up! old and en- creafe their Power, have lafl both Prince and Fe. pie into peat Troubles, inaking the Prince believe that without thim he hath no Being *> But to fkw thee that Ptinces may ttfe the People committed to their Charge hke Beaf/s, and yet neverihelefs are not abfolute cafi thy Eyes in the neighbour Count) les, tnly upon the Duke of Jjavoy. and the Duke of Hottncc, who although they be So- vereigns in a kind over the People and deal mofl hardly with them, takmg their Lives and Fortunes away at their P ha fare, yet they are mt acknowledged to be abfolute Pr in' ces ; for they are Vaffals of the Empire, and their chief Titles are to be Oncers there- of, fo the Duke of bivoy is qualified Vicur of the Einpire &c. // you confider the Prince, and People committed to his Charge, as having Relation one to another, I fay, they are both bound one to another by Duty ; the Printe fi,fl bound to rule and govern according to the Law of God, of Nature, of Nations and mu- nicipal Laws of the Country, and the People is bou„d to obey him accordingly; But if the Prince command any Thing againfi thefe, his Commands are not to be obeyed, God being only he to whofe Cojnmandj Obedience is fimply due, and to be given ; but to Men only Obedience with Limitation, and in external Things, according to the Laws Jo oft above named, at the leaf? not againfi them or oppiftte to them. The Chimera or rather Mlecif me in Reafon of paffive Obedience, is not to be thought on among rational Men it being the Invention of Court- paraCites a mere Nothiig, or i on tns ; for Obe- dience ccnffteth in Afiion, as all other Vtrtues do. and not in Suffering Farther, whofoever. for not obeying a wicked Cimmand of a Superiour, fiffeieth if he can flip it, or fkun it, is an Enemy to his own Being uherem he offends againfi Nature; jor you fee every natural Thing ft; iveth to cvnferve itjelf ugatrji what annoyeth n ; then he fins agair.fi tie Order of Cod, who in vain hath craamd us fo many lauful Aeant Jor the fiele)\ation of cut Being if we fuffer it to be difhoyed havitg Power tohep it. But then it u,// be demanded U hat is there no Abfoluttnefs in humane Authori- ty? I enfwer, imf/e Abfoluttnffs there is none under God ; for all humane Authority is limited by the Lain aforefaid, and exter.ds no fattLr than txternal lhit.gs;yet tmpamtvely humane Authority it fatd to be abfolute, when it it Jree Jrm any fatigti Mr. Buchanan s Preface. fuperiour Power- So when Henry the VIII. having cafl ry, for his Vices, be blame worthy to all PoRerity, ■ yet 1 muR fay, in all humane Appearance, that if the Prelate- btjhops, to whom he trtf fied the reforming of the Abufes of the Church, had been as forward as he was willing, there had been a better Reformation than was in his time ; witnefs this hflunce, i'lie People deiired Freedom co read the l^cripciire, the thmB.ftops reUifed this unto the People. Wherettpon the King ^as petitioned in Name of the People, the King grants their Petition ; the Bifhops hearing of the King's Grant thus limit it, not daring to deny it flatly. That all Gentlemen Ihould nave Libetty to read the Scripture, fince it was the King's Plealure ;■/;«? /or ethers, the Peymiffion was flopt ; asifTeO' men and Tradefmen had not as much Interefi in God's M^ or d, as Gentlemen. Tloen re- mark, all thofe that were put to Death for the ^tRtmony of the Truth in Hciny the VIII. his Days, were perfecuted by the Btjhops of the Time, although the Blame lieth upon the Prince; for albeit they had in Cnnphance to the King, renounced the lope bj Word of Mouth, yet m E§eii they kept up his Tyranny, by his DpElrme, (with Jmall Alteration changed) his Rites and Ceremonies Canons and Laws Prelacy or Hierarchy maintained . And feeing the King fo oppofite to the Pope they condtfctnded, that the King jhuuld bear the blafphemous Title of the Pope, Head ct the v.liurch, although with ReluEiancy ; and fo it froved; for, mtwnhflanding all the Statutes that were made' in favour of this Title taken from the Pope and attributed to the King the Bijhops, •with cunning ond fubtile Proceedings, kept a Foot the Power of the Pope ; and fo foon as they fnw the Occmfion of Qtieen Mary her Reign, they freely and eaUly brought all back again to Rome without Mask er Limitation : And ever fince their Succefjori although by the Com fe of Affairs ds «,/ Jacmy. ,« his Lamentations. Chap, .v- ver 20. wImhM.rds, t7ecZrntoi th Lents, and Septuagint. are to be uner flood of CfJd"s- %uitu the R b.ns have interpreted the U'ords of o:e of the hags of Juciah to Ir la's 0 Z.c.k.as, and hence feme of the later Espofuors bavee:.plainedt1>efi M' J That hdx and l.tcra.iy ihcy may be apphcd 10 one of the Kings o. 7»- ?J whrwcrcall F,gures of Chnft to come, buc prmc.pally ar.d mainly .he itrd V^e ro be underftood of Jdus thr.ft. by the Conknt of al; /b to attn- luethefe Words to any Prince earthly, cannot be without Offence 0 Crijl ■ for -.ho can be aid p>ope>ly Ji^ v:ell. to be ^he brcatJ. o. our Nol'nis, tut he uho ,„^,n, Tto us id hat is God. In like Manner the inconfiderate Minifiers of the Gofpel, \ l\ th Text of the eightieth Ffalm, uhich. by the Confeut of all is underfiood of ?/^^?/rt// W / Davfu as a Figure of Chrift to come call the King. Tnc Man of 1 "g r H.od; this in no-wife. --nhut Blalphmy, can be attributed unto an, trthjP-.L. for none is faid to be a Figure 0} Chufl .. U^vd andhis .^uccefjors Z^ h a particular Dilpeifation But ,f m,faiplm and miflahng of le^ts ./ i>crip. 7u ull do Buji.e}s fvce Mag:flrates are to be faid gods yot. may as.uell call tl^ tncTcod J the Rim:n EJp^rcr was of old by fome fo caljed^ nnd «m the Pope I hs Cou.t profiles; which M of God no Prince ■wdljuffer to be g.v.nunto hm: Xrly as I IS n \er g.eat Crime not to give due Refpe^ Keverence and Obedience Z\im whom God hath fet over us for our Good, according to his wife Ordn^ance, T\nthe other 5ide. n is a huge Sin to idolize the prince making him a g.d when he u u Tweak and nfirm Ln, .^ervant of God. Thisjecond Fault .s com^n.tted chiflyby the Sycophants and Para/ites uho have m other C^«-\«" .^^^^^f ./^t St and make Htnicn to none but to the King -^^^/^ ^^^f /^ tf/.cl' that they may catch fomewhat to fatisfy their imidinate Defiru. And the fi'Pj ^rn mmei namely by their prelatical Clergy wh> withdraw fnr,i the Pr.nce a g>eatpart :Z'Le, ilJn they ludy to ese.pt themfelves fnrn his Obedience and take fr^ hm any UpcBion ufon them namely, concerning the Difcharge of their Calling altho h^cX Ordinance it be a mam part of hn Office, to fee Cod ferved and worjh.pped, acco.dtig to his Will revealed m bis facred Word. ^ ,. ,„,i,,, ,A- W . have a little above Jeen low th^ by the Flattery of feme ^^^^^^^"^ f/ CuBcm IS brought into the Church, to give unto t\Prn.e^.^ot ""'y J^''^^^^* blafphem.vs litis „i ^he pubhk Prayer that is made by the Mimfler '» f^J^J^J f theChuuh: But Mlthough this be too g>eat an Lvil, and ''V''f'^'^%'^''''r"n^ the Flattery 0) feme Preachers hath not flayed here; jor they, according '<> f^'l'-^fj^^^^ havir.g adMhd rimfelves to any one whom they conceive maj help xUm "^^^^''^2; /»cA net in the ttuj^a where all Relation Jhould le laid cfde fuzcthat of ''J^''f'J cj God's Word, topubufh thmjelves, :,ea m thtir Prayers, to be VarUts to thts I^.an Mr Bncbanans Preface. or that Man ; and ivhat it worfe yet in the Prayer the} call tlmr MaRers and Lords •vertuous, pious and religious, when it is known to all that, for the mofl part, they have little Vei tue, lefs Piety, and no Religion at nil. To have pointed at theje Things Jhall (uffice for this Place If any Man will Be contentiotis for thtfe PraEiices, 1 anfuer him. that the well-reformed Churches have no fuch Cuffoms; for among the other Al/ufes,whereof they have been purged, by the Care and Diligence of the faithful Vine-dreffers, under God's Bleffingt they have 'een pruned of this rotten Bua of flavijh Flattery, as a Cerruption much oppojite and ctntrary to the Dignity and Power of the Gvjpel. But let us return, after this long Di- grejjlon , InthefeDays (that is in the thirteenth Age) lived Michael Scot, unowned for his Learning in Phjlck, Aft>ono?ny, &CC. He is remembred by Picus Mirandula, andCoint' Ijus Agnppa, very honourably- Alfo then lived Thomas Lermonch. commonly called. The Rychmer ; whofe PrediHions are extant to this Day : But no wife Man can make any Thing of them more than (f Mtrlin Arj Pro^he/ies, who lived long before him, although fundry have pleafed their Fanfies with idle Expojitions of thefe two Mens Dreams. lowards the End of this thirteenth Age. the good Roman PoiUit Boniface the VIII; making VJe of the heavy Moans and Complaints that feme of Scotland, namely, of the Sijhops and other Clergy-men. with their Clients, made againfi King Edwird of England, who then did cruelly affiiEl the Country, claims a Right unto the Crown o/" Scotland, as re- figned unto him by the States ; and upon this he writes an infulting Letter, and full of fLhreatntngs, unto Edward, that he was fo malapert as to do any Wrong to his l^affals and Subjelis i where he had none truly fave the Btjhops and ihavelings, with their Clients. U hether the Clergy did make this Offer of SuljeBion unto the Pope or whether he did fat fly invent this Lie, we cannot tell, but it is betutxt the Pope and hisjhaved Creatures ; fuch Mnfier, fuch Men. Let this teach us how the Popes are and have been, and will be ever confiantly, ready watching at all Occafions, to draw all Sthings to their Crofs. But this owning of the Scots by the Pope for his peculiar People, did not laft long; for in a very fiort 'Ti?ne thereafter notwithfJanding the great Ignorance of thefe Days the Scors fhew ed themfelves RefraEiariet to his holy Orders ; and he, in Revenge, did thunder the Fire- holts of his Excommunication againfi thefe rude Fellows, putting them to the Interditi, all to fmall Purpofe i for by thefe Bolts they were but very little dajhed. We have heard how that in former Times the Church of Scotland was ferved by Cul- decs and they ruled by their Presbyteries or Elders, having a Moderator or Prefect of themfelves and of their own chufing ; this was for many Tears- II hen Palladius brought jB Prtidcy, a mw holy Order, into the Church of Sqoz\ and, unknown to the preceeding ^ges it was with this Reflraint That Btjhops Jhould h chofen by the Culdees, and of them: But when Bijhops had once gtten certain Dioceffes and Limits alotted unto them, they fet up a new Presbytery of their own, or Council of Canons or Regulars, which they called Chapitrs, by whom they intended to be chofen in following T'lmes 7Ae Culdtes feeing this, did oppofe it with their main Strength, namely, under Kiig David, ivho did take up the Bufinefs thus, {being carried away by the Prelates) that fo many of the Culdees as would be Canons, jhould have Hand in the chufing of the Bijhops. But the Bifhops, to elude this Ordinance of the Prince, obtained a Mandate Jrom the Pope, Thac uoCuldee fliould be received in the Convent of Canons, but by the Content of the Prior, and molt Part of the Canons, By thefe Means the Culdees were kept out, and deprived of their Voice in chufing of the Bijhop. In the Time of the Troubles of Ba-: Jioi and Bruce, one William Cummg, PrefeEi of the Culdees, thinks it fit for to be- ftir himftlf to try what he could regain upon the Canons, and fo he oppifeth theEleflion by the Canons of one Wiluam Lambcrton t^he See of St. Andrews. The Bufinefs be- ing come to a great Height, by Appeal was drawn to Rome, where, after muchDebate p[0 tOima, Time and Moneys employed, the holy Father Boniface the VIII /ronounces Sentence in favour of his dear Clients the Canons ; and fo Lamberton is .fade BiJhop, and confecrated by the Pope Boniface. 'This FaSi turned (o to the Difgrace of the culdees, that after that Time we Vead no more of them ; fo the Name and Order iy little and little came to be quite euinguijied, about the Beginning of the thirteenth .^gi' 1} Mr. Buchanans Preface: In the Beginning of ike fourteenth j4ge, the Order cj the limpUrs uaj put dcixn -whe- ther jcr their jtijt Dewtrits^ or for private Enii and Hatred, ue have it to theliifto- lies of the/e Timer, fcfe Clement the V. ly his Bull did {^(Ijier tltm, the Bttll begin- nir.g tJus Quarquam cc jute non poffumuy/amen pro pltt.itudir.t poteflatis didtum ciL'ii tni rtprcb:mus. (7c- /Ijter vchich all Chrifiu.r, Princes did caiije them to le ap- prehindtd in their fevernl DcniinioKs, ntd put thtm jtim thur Efiotes ichich was then given toHcJpitallers eitd Knights of St. John, aftir they lad flccd nkout two hundred Tears, infiituttd ly Eildomn King of Jtrufaltm, jcr Defence of that City undlemph, and the fait conveying of all fuch as did travd thithtr : They ate a.'fo called Rtot'RfS, tecavfe their Gov.ns uere red. In this fourteenth ^ge did f.turtp the great fihvhfiuk Jo- hannes, called Scows, frctn this Nation and Vmls frcm the flace of their Birth , for he vcas lorn in the T'cun cf Duns in the Mers : he -was n great Opptfer of '1 homai cf ^quin hii DcHrine. His SeEiaries were called Scotifls; /;;/ Epitaph was thus : Scotia mc gennir, Arglia fufccpit, Gallia cdocuir, Germania tenet. In the Beginning of the fifteenth yige there was a great Schiffn in the Rom'fb Cltirch, Pope againfl Pcpe ; yea, fcmetimes there were three Pcpes at one Time fighting ir.e ag'iinfi mnothir, and excommunicating one another ; this Schifm lafled abcut thnty Tears and by the Council of Conltance Martin theV- was made Pipe and the uR defeated. There was «nf John Fogo, a Mot.k of Melros, who ;« Sccdand defended the EleElion of Mattinr hy the Council againfl Bencdid, alias Peter de Lune. During this fore-named Schifm. many (taking Occapcnof the Opennefs (f the 'Times) iregan boldly and freely to fpeak againfl the bad DcEJrine. Government af:d Lives cf the Church men, and that not only in private Difcourfe, but they alfo preached it publickly^ as John Wickiiffe mEngUnd, John Hus ^wJ Jerome cf Praput /w Bohemia, wlofpcke iefore the People \reeh of the Tyranny of the Government of the Clergy, the Corruption cf their DcSJrine, andl^ickednefs of their Lives. In thofe Da)s alfo there were fome in Scot- land, who feared not to make known to the People the T; nth of God, as namely James ReU by ««'y put upon our Princes by the Pope; the fov mer was their anointing by him, as we hare feen before. Here be pleafed with me to remark, That oj all the Bijhops of Scotland before the Re- formation, namely, fince they were made Lords of certain Places, and had particular Di' ocejjes, you cannot €nd one who had any Care of the true Charge of Paflor ; for their whole Study was to raife their Power, and to encreafe their Means for the upholding oj their. Power : And, to effeEiuate this more eajilj and fully, they kept both Prince and People in dark Ignorance of God's bFill and IPord. But becaufe they mufi Jeem to do fomewhat for the Name-fake of Bt[hups, they caufed to build iValls oj Temples and Chaples, fet up Ima- ges and Piiiures richly dre/fed, to content the Eyes, and brought into the Church Inflru* ments of Mufick, and artificial finging with great Skill, to content the Ear ; alfo they brought in fweet Perfume, and Incenfe for the Smell; fo the mofl fubtile Senfes were thus fatisfied. And, to make a Shew to keep under the Senfes which are moregroff, there mufi he fome Kind of Fa/ling enjoined to the People, audChafinefs to the Church men But how, and to what Purpofe thefe two laji have been kept, all Men know But kept or not, all if one. all thefe Qtdinaaces which the BiJIiops jet up for Religion, have been difcovered by God's Mercy, to be not only without IT^arr ant in God's Word, but plainly contrary to the fame. Of all the Bifliops o/ScoUand in Time oj Rejormaticn. there was only one or two who em- ir aced the "itruthyall the reft were either projtjjed Perfecuters of God's Children, and open Ene- mies of the "Truth or elfe they were given altogether fo to fastify their Bellies and Lusls, that they had no Care of Religion; witnejs Gcorgt: Crichton (intheNamt of all the ref?) Bijhop of DunkeJ, uho confeffed truly. That he had lived a long Time Bijhop, and never knew any Thing of the Old or New Teflament. Impiety, Ignorance, and MAckednefs came to fuch a Height among the Church men of all Ranks, Degrees and Profeffms, that God being, after fo long Patience, in a Manner vexed with them, did flir up the People to chafe them from the Service of his Houfe, and to put others in their Places, as you will fee in this following Hilary, whereunto I refer you. And Jfballclofe up this Difcourfe with one or two Pafjages, worthy to be known, whereby yi/ii may fee the Learning of the Church-doBors in thofe Days,andhow they did employ the Know- ledge they hadto abufe the poor People. The firfi Pagage is this ; 0«e Richard Marlball Prior of the Blacktriers at Newcallle in Englancf, preached in St. Andrews, That the Pater-nofi;er/joa/(i he faid to God only, and not to the Saints, "the Dolors of St. An- drews offended at it, made a Gray jrier, called Totis, preach againfl Marftal his Tenet; which he did thus, (taking his Text out of the Fijthof St. Matthew, Blefftd are the Poor in Spirit) Seeing we fay. Good Day, Father, to any old Man in the Street, we rnay call a Saint, Pater, who is older than any alive ; and feeing they are in Heaven, we may fay to any of them. Our Father wtiich art ni Heaven ; and feeing they are holy, we may fay to any «f thm, Hallowed by thy Name j and fines they are m the Kingdsm of Hegven, we ?nay fay Mr. 'Buchandns Preface. fay^ Thy Kingdom come ; and feeing their M til is God's iVill, -we may fay to any of them. Thy Will be done. But -when the Gray frier preaching, came to the jourth Petiti- on, Give us this Day our daily Bread, heims hijfed at, and f- was confirained not only to leave 0^ preaching, but alio to leave the City for ^Shame. Ytt among the Doctors then affembled, the Difpute continued ahut the Pater ; for fowe -would have it faid to God lor- mahtcr, and to the Saints matciialiftr ; others foGodf princrpjiircr, and to the Saints mi- nus principalirer; others primario to God, fccundario to the Saints , others vimld have it (aid to God taking it Oride, and to the Saints taking it late. Nutwithflandino all thefe DiflinElions, the DoHors could mt agree upon the Eufinefs. A Fellow called Tom, Servant to the Sub prior of St. Andrews, one Day perceiving his Ma/ler much troubled with fvme Bu/inefs, and as he conceived weighty, faid to him, Sir, what is the Matter of rhisyouc Trouble? ^he Ma/ier anfwered, ^'s cannot agree about the faying of the Pater. fThe Fillow replied. To whom fhould it be f^id, but to God only ? 7he Ma- fier anfwers again, What (Lai! we do then with the Saints? The Fellow duplies. Give them Ave's and Credo's enough, that may (uffice them, and too well too. If this was good Divinity, God knows. The fecond Paffage likewife is very well worth the knowing, and to this Purpofe very fit. which fell out about the fame Time with the former, that is, about the fir ft Beginning of the Reformation. A little before the Death of George Wi/chart there came home fromRome a Fellow charged with very many holy Re/iques,and new Things of great Virtue, as he gave out ; but the Things were not to be had, nor any Benefit by the Sight or touching of them, without Monies. Now upon a holy Day, in a Village near Had- dingtoun, this Romifli Pedler dtd (fen his Pack, to try if he could vent any of hit Wares among the Country People. Among ether Commodities the good Merchant did jhew unto the People there was a Bell of much Value, byreafvn of its great Vertue, which he gave out to be this, 7 hit if any two Parties had any Difference which could not be ether vet fe decided tut by Oath, the Truth of the Oath was to be made known by this Bell: For (faid he) when any one fweareth, laying his Hand on the Bell, if he fwear true, he fhail akec theOath fworn remove his Hand eafily from the Bell, without any Change to the Bel! • but if he thatfweareth having his Hand upon the Bell, fweareth falfly, his Hand will flick to the Bell, and the Bell will rive afunder. Now we muf} tell you, that already there was a Rift in the Bell, which this Romipete did affirm had happened by a falfe Oath of one that had fworn having hisHand upon the Bell- At this Tale the poor Jimple People •were aftonijhed, and fell in Admiration. But among them was one Farmer, who had fome Light of theTruth of God ; he drawing near the Homifb Merchant, dejired to have the Bell in his Hand, to fee it nearly. This Defire was granted unto him. Then he takes the Bell, and looks on it, expreffwg great Admiration at firft ; but immediately thereaf- ter he asked at the Romipete. If he would fufer him to fwtar in Prefence of the Company, having his Hand upon the j^ellf For he had Mind to take an Oath upon a weighty Bujtnefn The Man could not refufe him. Then faid the Farmer to the Company, Friends, before I fwear, you fee the Rift that is already ia the Bell, and how big it is, and that I have nothing upon my Fingers to make them flick to the Bell, li^ith this he liew- eth them his Hand open: Then, laying his Hand upon the Bell, he did fwear this. I fweac in the Prefence of the liifingGod, and before thefe good People, That the Pope of Rome is Antichtift, and that a!' the Rabble of his Clergy, Cardinals, Archbi- fhops, Biftops, Prielts, Monks, with the rtft of the Crew, are Locu/ts come from Hell, to delude the People, and to withdraw them from God : Moreover I promifc, they will return to Hell; Incontinent he lifted up his Hand from the Bell before them all, andfaid,Sze,¥rknds,thit I have lifted up my Hand freely Irom theBell,and look unto the Rift in the Bcll.it is one and the fame, without Change ; this l}iewetb,according to the Saying of this Merchant, That I have fworn Truth. Then this poor Fellow •went away, and never was more feen in Scotland, nor any other of his kind, who brought Reliques, or other like Toies from Rome. Many more of this kind might be alledged ; but let thefe fufficeto demonflrate the mijeraile Ignorance from which Gody m his Mercy, hath delivered us i to whom be Praife and G/ory for this and all other Benefits. With this 1 end the Preface, that you may come to the Hiftory itfelf. THE LIFE OF THE AUTHOR. HIS Country q/ Scotland, tho in many other Re- fpe^s inferior to federal other Countries^ jet hath in all Times been happy in producing to thi} World fome of the moji eminent Perfons in all TrofeJJions : The fixteenth Century in a Special Manner is remarkable upon this Jccount, for in that Period we (l^all find as confidcrabk a Num- ber of remarkable Scotfmen, as any Jge ever, brought forth : I am per/waded^ that none of Mr, KnoxV greatejl AdverCaries can deny^ that upon many Accounts he de- ferves to have his Memory tranfmittedto Pofierity : The great Revolu- tion in Matters of Religion, in zvhich he zvas fo remarkably inflrumen^ taU makes it ab/olutcly nece(}ary to mention him frequently^ when that Matter is treated of; and it will be evident from the Sequel of thix Difcourfe, that all the confiderable Perjons, who were convinced of the Necejjity of a Separation from the Church of Rome, at theTime it was madey had the higheji Efleem of Mr. Knox, and that no Protejiant of any Name wrote of him^ but in Terms of the greateji Re/peSf, during the Currency of the fixteenth Century : It is very truCy that he has not been Spared by fome virulent Topiflj Writers in that Time; but thefe are of Such a Sort, that they have very little Authority among the Men of Mgte of their own Trofeffion ; and I think that Jome late pro- («) Sefed li The Lite of the Author. fejftd Protejlant Writers add mry little Credit to their Writings ■> by copying after them. I intend in this Narrative to gim a fair and un- difguifed Account of the J5iions of Mr. Knox, and, mthout interpof- ing my Opinion-, leave the Reader to form his own Judgment of him, vjhichi I hopey will he much more agreeable to all impartial Perjonst than the Method of fome, who Jill all Jccoimts of this Kind, either mth Encomiums of, or Inveftives againft the Perfon they zvrite of; for Praife-worthy Jd:ions will always be valued by virtuous Perfon s-^where- as vicious and enormous Leeds, however artfully difguifed^ will ahvays appear at laft in their native Colours. Alt the Writers of Mr. Knox'/ Life agree, that he was born in Giffard, K^^r Haddingtoun,yome aflirm that he was born in the Tear 1505; and if he^ was 67 Tears of Age at his 'Death, anno 1572, as ^iJJjop Spotifwood affures us^ he was certainly horn in that Tear C^). His Trogenitors-,according to his own Account of them^ in his U'ftorV-, p. 306. zvere Followers of the Earls of Both we] : My Great-grandjfathcr and Father {^fays Mr. Knox fo the Earl of Bothwel) have lerved ^our Lordihip's Predeceflbrs, and fome of them have died under their Standards; and this is a <"art of the Obligation of our Scott fh Kind- nelsj Thife Words feem to import that Mr. Knox'j Predecefjors were in fome honourable Station under the Earls o/" Bothwel, at that Time the moji powerful Family in Eafl-Lothian. Mr. David Buchanan in ffis Account of Mr. KnoxV Life and Death, affirms. That- his Father teas a Brother''s Son of the Houje of Ranferlie, vjhich f ems not to he fo very confijient with Mr. Knox'j own Account of his Tredeceffors jufi noix) mentioned, who a^rms that his Great-grandfather had Jtrved the Earl of Bothwei'j- Predeceffors, which implies that he had taken up his Refidence in Eaft-Lothian. Perhaps this Great-grandfather was a Son of that ancient Family, which, from the Reign of King AhK&ndct II. had pojfeffed thefe Lands in the' Shire i?/' Renfrew, and were dijpon- ed by Uchter Knox o/" Renfarly to William firfi Earl of Dondonaid, anno 1665. And I am well informed., from very near Relations of that Family, that the Family of Renfarly claimed Mr. Knox as a i^adet of . it, and looked upon it as their Honour that he was defcended of it. Dr. M'Kenzie affirms, that Mr. Knox was taught his Grammar in the School of Haddingtoun, in Company with the Laird of Langnid- ' drie'j- Children^ after which he zvas lent to the Univerfity of St. An- drews, where he ftudied under Mr. John Mair, better known in the learned World by the Name o/" Joannes Major, and there he received the Degree of Mafler of Arts, when very young., having made very great Progrefs in his Studies in a fljort Space {b). Melchior Adanius adds (c), I'hat he taught the Scholafiick Theology, which he had learned from Major his Mafler with great Authority, and that in fome Things he was more happy than his Mafler. And Mr. Buchanan adds. That he was advanced to Churcli-Orders before the Time ufaally allowed by the Canons. But as the forecited Ad&mjis informs us, having begun carefully to read over the Writings of Auguftine and Hierom, he difcovered in them e ano- {a) See SpotifwooJ's Hift. Edit. 2. p. 2^7. (h'^ David Buthanah'* Life of Knox. (0 Mel- chior Adamusinvit. Theol. exter. pag. 137. Francfurti 1653. The Life of the Author. id another kind of Tbco/ogy.ciz. (a).That which was folid and fimplc. Hav- ing thcic'orc laid aiide the Subtilitics of the Schools, he embraced that SimpHcity which our Saviour and his holy Apoftles recommend to us, and foon found that the nice Diftintftions of Scotiis were cppofite to the i^enuine Do(5tnnc of the Law and the Gofpc] ; and that this verbofe Sophiftrv was unworthy of a Chriftian. U^biic he was entering iiponftich a Coitrfe of Study-, he zvas much enlightncd bj the Preaching ofThon-\i\sG\n\\\am a 'Black Friar of found judgment and hcalthfomc Dodfrine {b): Mr. Caldcrwood in his AfSS. Hi ft. informs us. That this Thomas Guilliavi was born near Flflonford in i'aft-Lothiaft, and was Provincial of the Order ot Black Friars in Scot- _ land, in the Year I5'43, when the Earl of y^/rraih^hen Governour of Scotland^ fiivourcd the Reformation, and the Eftates of Parliament made that famous Ad, allowing the reading of the Scripture in the vulgar Tongue, {zubich yiSl is printed i««S'/r Ralph Sadjcr'j Letters and Nego- tiations., Edinburgh 1720.) This Father GuiUiam and ^ohn Rough (uho afterwards fuftered Death in j^;7^/^;zr/ for the Protcllant Caufe) were pitched upon to be Preachers to the Governour: This la ft was 'Vehement and zealous.^ and the Provincial learned and found in his Dodrine, of a good 1) iterance., but without great Vehemency againfi Su- per ftition., as Mr. Knox obferoes in his Hifiory. And Mr. Calderwood adds. That Friar GuiUiam was the firft from whom Mr. Knox receiv- ed any Talfe of the Truth. Mr. George Wjfliart, fo much celebrated in the Hijiory of this Time, came from England next Tear 1544, ^^^t^ the CommiOioncrs fcnt jrom King Henry VII I. and from him, iz>e are told by Dr. M'Kcnzie, that Mr. Knox, being of an inquifitive Nature, learned the Proteftant Principles, with which he was fo pieafed, that he renounced the Romifj Religion, and became a zealous Protcffant; and it is verj probable, that Mr. Knox received a great Confirmation of ^ the T roteft ant Trinciples from this eminent Pcrfon. ty affiduous reading. ^ the Scriptures and Writings of thefe ancient and famous DoSfors of the Church, and alfo by familiar Converfation zvith Perfons who had diligently Jiudied theToints in Controver/j., betwixt the Protefiants and Papifts, Mr. Knox became fully fat is fed of the Truth of the Proteftant JDoSrine., and of the JErrors of the Church of Rome, and joined him- felf zvith the few Favourers of the Reformation in Scothnd, particularly with Mr. Wiftiart, who was well known to, and much efteemed by fe- veral Noblemen and Gentlemen, who then began to have Impnjfions of the Tricth. The Cruelties exercifed by Cardinal Beaton upon that not- able Perfon-, raifedfuch an Indignation in the Spirits of many Perfons of Diftin&ion againft him, as haftened hts tragical End.Miny 25). i^/^6: The Perfons concerned in the Cardinal's Death kept out the Caftle of St. kxi^xcwi for fome time., and fever al Favourers of the 'Reformation^ who had no Acceffion to that AWion, were obliged, merely for their own Scfetj, to betake them/elves to that Jirong Hold i among others John Rouj^h bcjorementioned went to them, and became their Minifter, ( the Earl of Arran the Governour, formerly his Tatron^ being now much mifled by the Abbot of Paifley his natural Brother , and at kafl giving (^ 2) IVaj, («).Melch. Ad. ubi fupra. C^) David Buchan. ubi fupr* iv The Life of the A u T H o R. Wqy to the Perfecution of the Proteftants ;) and when thofe in the Ccijile had made an Jgreement with the Governor upon certain /Articles recorded by our Hiftoriansy Mr. Rough preached in the Toivn of St, Andrews tiWEiS^ier 1547- Mr. Knox had fometime before this left St. Andrews, and zvns em- ployed by the Lairds o/Ormiftoun and Langnidry, to inftriid: and take the Charge of their Children : They were both Favourers of the Re- forntation; Mr. Knoiis ordinary, Refidence was at Langnidry, where he taught his Pupils the federal Parts of Learnings and was at much Pains to infiill in them the Principles of true Religion and Piety j The ^ij/jop of St. Andrews (a) being informed hozv Mr. Knox tvas imployed, did perfecute him with-fuch Se'verity, that he was frequently obliged to abfcond and fly from Place to Place : Being wearied with fuch frequent Dangers, he refbhed to retire to Germany, where the Reformation was gaining Ground^ knowing that in England, tho" the Tope's y^uthority was fuppreffed, yet the far greater Tart of his corrupt BoUlrine and Superjiitions were in full Vigour : This T>efign of his was 'very uneafie to the G^itlemen^ of whofe Children he had the Charge., zvho by their Importunity prevailed with him to go to St. Andrews about Eafter 1547, and for his own Safety and that of his Pupils to betake him/elf and them to the Ca^le, where they might be fecure from the Efforts of the Papifts-, and he be in a Condition with greater Jd-vantage to inftruB thefe young Gentlemen : In Purfiiance of this Refohmon-t he went thi- ther ivith Francis and George DouglafTes Sons to the Laird of Lang- nidry, and Alexander Cockburn eldefl Son to the Laird of Ormiftoun, {who fuffered fo much for entertaining Mr. George Wifliart in his Houfe^ and was fo zialous when we joyned with £ueen Elizabeth to ex» pel the 'French, anno 1559.) This Alexander Cockburn died very youngs of exceeding great Accomplijhments and Hopes, much honoured ^Bu- chanan, who wrote two noble Elogies upon his IJeath, one of which is in the fecond Book of his Epigrams-, and the other in his Book ofMif- cellanies. At St. Andrews, Mr. Knox, as himfelf informs us (b), began fo in- Jiru^ hisTupils after his acctiftomed Manner. Befides theirGrammar, and other humane Authors, he read unto them a Catechilm, an account whereof he caufcd them to give publickiy in the Parifli Church of St. jfindrews ; he read moreover unto them the Gofpel of J^ohn, proceed- ing where he left at his Departure from Langnidry, where before his Refidence was, and that Ledure he read in the Chapel within the Caftle at a certain Hour. They of the Place, but fpecially Mr. Hen- ry Balnaveis, and ^ohn Rough Preacher, perceiving the Manner of his Doflrine, began earneftly to travel with him, that he would take the Preaching-place upon him, but he utterly refufed, alledging, that he would not run where God had not called him, meaning that he would do nothing without a lawful Vocation, whereupon they privily among therafelves advifing, having with them in Counfel Sir 'David Lindfay of the Mount, (Lyon King at Arms, a Perfon of great Probity and of a good Meafure of Learning) they concluded, that they would give a Charge ia) Page 5). (i) Page itf?. The Life of the Author. Chars;e to the laid ^ohth and that publickly by the Mouth of the Preacher. And fo upon a certain Day, a Sermon had of the Election of Minilleri, what Power the Congregation (how Iniall foevcr it was, piilfing the Number of two or three) had above any Man, in whom they liippoied and elpied the Gifts of God to be, and how dangerous it Wits to refule and not to hear the Voice of fuch as dcfire to be in- ftructcd: Thcfe and other Heads (we fay) declared the faid ^ohn Kcugb Preacher, directed by his Words to the faid j^ohn Knox., fay- ing. Brother ye fiiall not be offended, albeit that I fpeak unto you, that which I have in Charge, even from all thcfc that are here prefcnt, which is this. In the Name of God, and of his Sonjefus Chrift, and in the Name of thefe that prcfently call you by my Mouth, I charge you that ye re.ufe not this holy Vocation ; but as ye tender the Glory of God, the Increafe of Chrift's Kingdom, the Edification of your Brs- thren, and the Comfort of me, whom ye anderfland well enough to be opprcffed by the Multitude of Labours, that ye take upon you the pubHck Office and Charge of Preaching, even as ye look to avoid God's heavy Difpieafare, and dcfire that he Ihould multiply his Graces with yon. And in the End he faid to thefe that were prefect, was not this your Charge to me, and do ye not approve this Vocation. They an- fvvercd it was, and we approve it. Whereat the faid Mr. ^ohn abaflied, burft forth in moft abundant Tears, and withdrew himfelf to his Cham- ber. His Countenance and Behaviour from that Day, till the Day he was compelled to prefent himfelf to the publick Place of Preaching, did fufficiently declare the Grief and Trouble of his Heart : For no Man (aw any Sign of Mirth of him, neither yet had he Pleafure to ac- company any Man many Days together. Tkefe is another Reqfon given by Mr. Knox for the Neceffitj of his preaching the Go/pel at this Time^ viz. 'John Annan Dean of St. Andre-ms^ commonly called Dean John-, a rotten Papilt, (as Mr. Knox calls him ) had long troubled yohn Rough in his preaching. Mr. Knox' had fortified the Doftrine of the Preachei' by his Pen, and had beaten the faid Dean John from all Defences, that he was compelled to fly to his Idft RefugCj that is, to the Authority of the Church, which Authori- ty, faid he, damned all Lutherans and Hereticks, and therefore he need- ed no further Difputation. John Knox anfwered, Before we hold our felves, or that ye can prove us fufficiently convict, we muft define that Church by the right Notes given to us in Grod's Scriptures of the true Church. We muft difcem the immaculate Spoufe of Jefus Chrif^ from the Mother of Confufion, Spiritual Babjlon-, left that impudently we em- brace a Harlot inflead of the chaft Spoufe j yea, to fpeak in plain Words, Jeft that we iubmit our felves to Sathan, thinking that we fubmit our felves toJefusCb rift: For as for your i?o«m» Church, as it is now corrupt- ed, and the Authority thereof, wherein ftands the Hope of your Vidory, I no more doubt, but that it is the Synagogue of Sathan, and the Head thereof, called the Pope, to be that Man of Sin, of whom the Apoftle fpeaketh, than that I doubt that Jefus Chrift futiered by the Procure- ment of the Vifible Church oi Jerujakvi ; yea, I offer my felf by Word or Writing to prove, the Roman Church this Day further degenerate fcom the Purity, which was in the Days of the Apoftles, than was the '■ ih) Church vi The Life of the Author. Church of the j^'-'^J"' ^^''O""' t'lc Ordinance given by Mofes^ when they confented to the innocent Death of Joins Chrifl:. Thefe Words were fpoken in open /Audience of the Parijli Church of St. Andrews, after the /aid 'Dean ]ohn had fpoken zvhat it plenfed him-, and had ref'fed to difpute. The People hearing the Offer cried with one Con- fent.y 'jce cannot all read your Writings-, hut we may all hear your Preach- ings :. Therefore zve require you in the Name of God, that you will let ■ ns ha've the Probation of that which you have affirmed ,- for if it he true, we havcheen miferahly deceived. Andfo the next Sunday zvas ap- pointed to the fnid John to exprefs his Mind in the publick preaching place-, for zvhich Lay the f aid John took his Text Dan. vii. 2j, — 28. from which Text he proved-, that the Pope was /intichriji, and that the Do&rine of the Roman Church zvas contrary to the Dotirine of Chrift and his Apofiles, gave the Notes hoth of the true Church and of the jfntichriflian Churchy &c. of which he gives a full Account in his Hif- tory., pag. 68. , Thii is the genuine ' Account of Mr. KnoxV Vocation to the Minifiry of the Gofpef againfl zvhich nothing can juftly he obje£ied in theCircum- ftances he and the Proteflants in Scotland were then in : Allfincere Lo- vers of the reformed Caufe do ozvn his Ordination to he good and valid, j^nd indeed it /would he to no Purpofe to enter into a Lifpute with fome late High-Church- Men in England, who hy their Principles not only nul- lify Mr. Knoxs Or Jination-,but that of all the Foreign Reformed Churches. ■ Their Opinions have been fufficiently refuted by very able Writers, neither is it my prefent Bujinefs ary further to infift upon that Matter. This bold and zealous Sermon of Mr- Knox made a great Noife, and - jfage and.Prpudnefii oj^ Stomach, /and the Marquk of IVinchefter the Treafarep by pounlel ^nd Wit ; Tlhr? was well enough obferved by the good ^rtj afi'i bpldiC/zpA?, being-now to preach '^t Court, wasrefolved t(i fpeak hi§f Mind,- and reprove theni, even to their Faces,- and for that Pui3)ore;: took hi»Text ia PjJiUttS x\u c^. He that eateth IBread ^pih mCi hath lift up hii Heelagainjime: This- Sermon he fpokc of afterwards in his faithful Admonition^ where hie was mentioni-ng how T^he, l^apifts with their ,C.raft wrought all the Mricbief in King Edzvard's Reign, being.fucha? bora Authority and Rule." Andwho^ I^pray (faid %e) ruled the Roft in tkje:Court Jill .this Time,' by= ftout Courage and fprpudnefs of Stpma.ch, biit Nbrthumherland ?v And who I pray you ruled ^^J "by ^CqwfeJ and^Wit ?: .[Shall I name the Man? { will write no mor6 Iplainly .npW»; than, itiy Tongue fpdke the lall Sermon that it pleafddGod -^hat I flipujdiniake,, before that innocent ahd mbft godly Krng'£'d.ward JVl. ap4 l?&{PKe the Qonnciy sitjf^e ftminj^r, and even to the Faces of ;^ch; :.uY't3;.l:a.l-.ij.iM/5fi; ^i: rrr;orb -■n . c ;•':;. i:,b. • ^.,,^y OcQ^fipO of the f(?refaid TeictjA'lie inadelhls Affirmation; That j^p^nr^ only 'tis fepn that the mcrftgipdly Princes had Officers aftd chief JCpu9fc|lQi;5,!<9^pft('uagiodiy conjuredr {Enemies to- God's true Religion, ^^d T^ajt^ilstP/tliieir Princes, and that their Wkkednefs and Ungodli- %pt$ ^R;;asJpeedily perceived and dpied out of the feld Princes and godly Men, but}.|pj>a;'|^i^^the ccafty Coburs could fo cloak their Malice ■j^gainft Gp4;^4^^is 'TfUtb, and their hollow Hearts towards their lov- jng:M4ftRriSi'l'^*^'^y- worldly. Wifdom and Pohcy, at length they ar /ait\ed to^ t^gh 'Prjjoijotions. And for Proof of this his Affirmation, h6 jceQ\tedi,'^q}iiS,9i\e^i^?j^, them $ To which bcAufwered, That either they fo a- 'jppi^ndejd, wJ!:h (Worldly iWifdom,Foreiight and Experience, touching the ^pv.ernrnejiti;pf ,a Cbmmon-wealth, that their Counfel appeared to be To neceltary, that the , Common-wealth could not lake them j and fo by th^,Colp«jr ^tp pr^ferve the Tranquilhty and Peace of the Realm, they ]\y;^re maintained' in Authority : Or eife they kept their Malice which j^jiey ,b^re to f^heir Matters and God's true ReHgion fo feeret in their J^reafls, that no Man cQuld efpie it, till by God's Permiffion theywait- jad fprfudi Qccafion and Opportunity, that they uttered their Mifchief ib plainly,, tj^at £\11 the World might perceive it. And it was moft cvt- ,4^nt by J(chitQphel and Shebna, for of Jchitophel it is written,! iC/w^J ^y. i6. That he was 'Da'vid's moft feeret Counfellor, and that becaufe ^jiis.Cpunfpl in t^ofe.Days was like the Oracle of God, and Shebna, ipfaia. xxiii. 36,, was unto good King J^zekias fometime Comptroller, ^iometime Secretary, and laft of all Trcafurer. To the which Offices \q had never been promoted uader fo godly &, Prince, if the Treafon X v.... ,. . and The Life of the Aii r h o r. I xi and Malice which hejUorc agairrft the King and againft Gcxi^s true Re- ligion had been manifeftJy known. -No, laid he, Shcbiia was a crafty ' Fox, and.dould Ihew fuch a fair Coiimenance tbthe King, that neither ^' he nor iiis Council conld efpy. his malicious Xreafon, but the PropheCt £Jaias. was commanded of God. to go to his Prclence, and to declare^ hi? traiterous Heart and miferaUe End. ' : . .•.. Were Ijavid (faid Mr. Knox) and £zekias^Wikccs of great and go^ ' ly Gifti and Experience, abufed by crafty Ccnnfcllors, and-diflcmbling Hypocrites, what wonder is it that a young and innocent King be de- ceived by crafty, covetous, wicked, and ungodly CounfeilorS, and dif- fcmbling Hypocrites. I am greatly afraid that -^chitophel be Counfel- Jor» that Judas bear the Purfe, and that Shebm bo Scribe,- Gomptrol- r ler and Treafurcr. — This he faid, and fom6what more Ke fp&ke that^ Day, not in a Corner) bat even before thofe,- whom his Gonfcienc«Vi judged worthy ot Accnfation. In his Admonition, he faid, ^that fince' that. Time they had declared themidves more- man ifcftly, namely un- der this Queen. He affirmed, that under that innocent King, peffildRfr > Papifts hod greatcft Authority : Oh who waJ Judged io be thfe Soul '^ and;L Lafl-willi'"- and pcrfedt Teftament, and never let .that o^jftinate" Woman ' come- to' ■ Authority, flie is an errant Papiff', {he will fobv^rt the true Rdigienf '^ and bring in Stranger^ to the Deftradion of -the Gohlthen-wealtiy?''^ AVhicW of the Council, I fay, "had tKefe or gtfeater Porfwa/iIriS dgainft ''- Mar}'y to whom now :hc crouchetb and kneeloth ? Shebmi' th^ Ties.'' ^ furer : And what intended fuch traiterous and diifemblmg kypQctftes-''i byall thefe find fuch like crafty Sfightsi and- counterfeit Conveyance? Dpubtlefs the Overthrow of Chrift's true Keligion, which then began' ^ to flourifli in I^ngland. Thws Mr. Knox wrote concerning his Sermon. - But notwithltanding the piercing Glances of !« upon fomp of tlic^ ■ great Men^ it was as near as I cap gocfs at tWs Timej-Tthat-tl^e CoiiiW cil fent to the Archbifhop oi.Canterhuyy to b'eftoW the Living of .^- IlaUozDs^Tpon Mr. Knox-: But when it was offered to him, he refufef!' it, not caring to be bound to ufe all. King .^^^^rd's' Book: And SMt-- fon, artd afterwards Sarjcrs (the Marry t) wdre collated to the faid'' Parifh. . . V i . .>. .., ,;j ■ /fpril 14.; T^5;^ KilOX^^i^s called before the Council, who'^deman^*' edofhim three Qiicftions, Why he refufed the Benefice provided foi: him in London? To which he aflfwered, That his Confcience 6vA witnefs that he might profit more in fome other Place than in Lon- rfo«, and therefore had no Pleafure to accept any Office there-; but he might have anfwercd, that he refufed it, hccmeip, and thereafter to Sect/and. It uill he proper to gife an j^cccunt of the Trouble that happened to Mr. Kncx Vihtle he teas at Frankfort, morefuUj than is aboie nor- rat id, becatje it is one of the Periods of his Life tihich has made a lery gnat Noife i end that he has been eery much blamed bj! feme Writers ipon the Jccctnt tj his Condt£l in this Matter. I Jl.all take J or n.y Toucher in the j^cccunt J am to give, a Treatife intitled, A briet Dilccurfe of the Troubles begun at Fratihfcrt in Germanj/ i554» tihich L^fcouife teas printed 1575.- y^ndjtcm this Paper tee mil fee that the Matter jiands thus^ tehich I chife rather to deliter in the Words cf the judicious Mr. Peircc, in /'/jVirdicaticn of theDifien- ters, cd. 2. p. 35, Cjc. than in mjr ctin. When the mcft grievcus Pcrfecmion raged in Fngland in the Reign of Queen Mary, agairfl the Prottftants, many ct them faved themfelves by flying abrcfd, and ccming into various Piotcflant Countries, they were every where kind- ly received of their Brethren; but in no Place were they more hap- pily fettled than ai Ficnlfcrt. The Senate gave them f. Church, but upon Ccrditicn thej fliould not vary trcm ih^ French Church, either in Rites cr in Dextrine, that fo no Oflence might be taken: tiere- npon, actcieJirg to the Ccrditicns of the Grcnt, they drew up d new Liturgy, more agrecaWe to thofe of the foreign Churches, leaving out all the triflirg Ceitmcnies that were in that of F^nglcrtd: They <:hoofe IAt. ^ohn Kncx for their Paflor, who was an eminent Diviiic^ fid, ~ ' id) i ^" ^- -- -- ^^ xvi Ihe Life of the Author. as we have fccn before, had been Ch:lplain to King Edv^ard^ and in goodEllcem in the Court for hisGir'r o^ preaching, and was fent onto the North as the King's Preacher, to fpread the Gofpcl among them. He had rcfnfcd to accept of a BUhoprick otibrcd him,- and Bifliop E./^- ley conid not but commend him as a M^n of much good Learning, at tke iamc Time he was blaming him for finding fo much Faulc i^% he did at Frankfort with the EngUjl< Liturgy \: The Englifi Con- gre^tion being thus fettled with a Paftor and a Liturgy, lived very quietly and happily, inviting their Brethren to come and partake ot tiieirHappinef : Bat Dodor Richctrd Co:x:, who fled with fome others out of Anglandi loon broke in upon their happy Settlement; for cjaickly after he came to Frankfort^ he wickedly overthrew all the good Order they had fettled among them : Not content with the kind JZntertaimnent he met with as a Gucft, and a Brother, come to fo- journ wiUi them, he fet up himfclf to rule them in an ambitious and tyrannical Manner; infilling upon it, thdt tlicir whole Service muft be ordered according to the EnglijJ.i Liturgy. One, if not the chief Kea- foii of his fo great Fondnefs for it, was, that he had himfelf had a Hand in compof ng it : But when the Man's fntereft was fmal], and he defpaired of carrying his Point by the Votes of the Congregation, be- caufe hisPropofal was'difagrecable to the greater Part of them, as well .as contrary to the Conditions upon which the Magiftrates had granted them a Church;' he attempted the compaffing his Dcfigns by the bafeffc Fraud and Treachery; and firfl; he and his Faftion anfwered aloud af* tcr the Minifter, contrary to the Church's Determination. 'Tis to be ^obferved, that whereas in the Englifli Liturgy the Minifler and the People divide the Prayers betwixt them, the one faying one Part, and the other the other, the EngliJJj Exiles had laid afide this Ufage in . their Liturgy, in Conformity to the D'vnch Church, wherein the Mi- niftcr's Voice only is heard in uttering the Prayers. When Doftor Cox was adraoniflied of thi<; by the Elders of the Congregation, he, with . the rel^ that came with him, made Anfwer^ That they would do as they had done in England, and that they would have the Face of an Eng" iifl} Church. The iiunday following one of his Company got up fud- denly into the Pu!pit, read the Litany, and Doftor Cox and his Com- pany anfwered aloud. Knox, as became a faithful Paftor, feverely re- proved thefc Diforders in his Sermon in the Afternoon. After much Contention the Senate of Frankfort interpofed their Authority, and Ivlr. yohn Glaiihcrg, by whofc Favour and Affiftance efpecially, the EngUJJo Exiles had obtained fuch Privileges, declared he would ihut up the Cliurch, unlefs the retornied Order of thfc Congregation was obferved. Dodor Cox being thus difappointed, has Recourfe to ano- ther Sort of Treachery, and, joining with the y^cctifer of the' Bre- thren^ charged JsIy.Kuox with HigliTreafon againft the Emperor. The Ground of this Charge was, That Mr. Kno'x preaching a Serhion (af- terward printed) m^England, when he was novvife fubjeiS: to the Em" peror, fliould fey ot him, that ho was no lefs an Enemy to Chi i It than ever was iVVrO)' which was moll; undoubtedly true; nor would ajiy re- .. formed t Strype's Life *^ G'-oJal, p. ip, ;o. The Life of the Author. XVJl formed Divine have fcruplcd fo aflcrt the fame: Peter -Martyr did not iiick to call him, Sever iffimam Lei virgam, God's moft fcvere Rod*. However, by this vil'anous Treachery Doaor Cox gained his Point; for Frankfort being an Imperial City, could not lafcly h\r- boiir a Pcrfon fo obnoxious to the Emperor: The Senate therefore tho' they abhorcd the bafe Treachery of the Accufers, yet were forced to order Mr. Knox to leave their City; and fo Cox's Fadion oot the whole Power into their own Hands; and thele new Tenants, havin^ ta- ken full PoflcfTion, turned their old Landlords out to range abou't in the wide World, to find new Quarters : Then did the Oxian Fatiion triumph in accomplifliing their Purpolbs by their crafty, but perfidious May t^th, and preached to a grecj:er Audience than ever he had done before ; in the Bijhop 0/ DunkeldV great Houfe-, he taught both before and after^ Noon for ten Lays to great Number s. At this Time the Earl of Glencairn prevailed with the Earl Mar- fhal, and his great Truftee Henry Drummond, to hear Mr. KnoxV Ser- mons. They were extreamly wellfatisfied with his DoSfrine, andpropof'. ed to him, that he might write to the ^ueen Regent an earnefi Letter^ to prevail with her, if pojible, to hear the Protjlimt LoSlrine. He complied The Life of the Author. xix complied with their Dtfire^ and wrote to beritt May 155-5. The Letter was ddiveredby the ^^rr/o/ GJcucairn, the 2iicen read it^ and gave it ro James Beaton Jrchbiffjop of Glafgow, wtih this Sarcafm upon it, Plcafc you my Lord to read a PalquiT. He printed it aftertvards at Geneva tcith additions and IFxplications^ Anno 155-8, and it is re- printed in the Folio and ^arto Editions of the Hifiory^ and at the End of this Edition. He has fome remarkable Threatnings in that Letter agamfi that 2^een and her Friends^ upon zvhich he makes this Remark in his Hi- ftorj\ p. 92. As to the Threatnings there, (c/sr. in this ^^^^(fr) pronounced againlt her own Perfon, and the moft principal of herFr-ends, let thefe very Flatterers fee, what hath failed of all that hath been written : And therefore it were expedient that her Daughter, now miichicvoufly Reign- ing, fhould look to what hath paffed before, left that in following the Coun- fels otthe wicked, (he end more miferably than her crafty Mother did. While M^"' Knox is thus occupied in Scotland, Letters inere fent to him from the Englifh Congregation at Geneva, charging him in th& Name of God to come to them for their Comfort. When Do^or Cox and his 'Party., bj the Methods aboce-mentioned^ bad got Mr. Knox expelled from Frankfort, fever al of that Congregation left Frankfort and caine to Geneva, where thej/oon obtained Liberty for meeting together for pub- lick Worjhip-, and recalled Mr. Knox, v:ho had been their Paflor at Frankfort, to exercife his Miniftry among them. Mr. Knox ferioupjy pondered this Invitationy and determined to return to that People who hadjhownfiich a great Regard for him. Before he left Scotland, he mfited all the Places in which he had preached., and exhorted the People to bejiab/e in their Profefjion-t and that by no Means they return again to the Abominations of Popery : He exhorted thetn to continue inftant in Prayer., in reading the holy Scriptures^ and to meet frequently together., until the Lordfhould bring greater Liberty to them, yimong others, he waited on the Earl of Ar^yk, zvho, together with the Laird of Glenurchy, earneftly defired him to continue m his Mative Country ; but he could by no Means be prevailed upon to lay afide hij Tur- fofe at that Time., but promifedy that if God bltffed thefe Jmall 'Begin- nings 1 and they continued fie df aft in Godlinefs, zvhenever they pleafd to command him., hejhouldobey them., but that he iiiufi fir ft fee that little Flock, which the Wickedne/s of Men had forced htm to part with. In the Month of July 1556, he left Scotland, went frfl to France^' end from thence to Geneva. He had no fooner turned his tack., than the Bifljops fummoned him to appear before them, and when he appeared not, they pajfed a Sentence of Lteath againfi him, but not being able to teach himfdf they caufed burn him inEffigie at theCrofs oj Edinburgh. jlgainji this unjufi Sentence, he formed, andfometime thereafter printed at Geneva, Anno 1558, his Appellation /ro;« the cruel and moft unjuft Sentence pronounced againfi him by the falfe Bijhops and Clergy of Scotland, with his Supplication and Exhortation to the Nobilitj\ Eftates and Commonality of the fame Realm. This Treatije is re- printed at the End of the Folio and j^uarto Editions of his Hi- Jiory, and at the End of this Edition In it he gives an /Account of his JDodfrine, complains heavily of the cruel Sentence pajfed againfi him by the Clergy, and appeals to a lawful General Council, fuch omination of the French, were the chief Motives which in- duced Mr. Knox to write and publifh this Piece j that Author adds* that in it he fJjews his Erudition, and Variety of reading more than in any other of his Treatifes. The Reader will form his own 'Judgment of it, and 1 Jloall not interpqfe mine. The Hook was much approcen by feveral of the exiled Bn^lm Proteftants, and by others as much dislik- ed. Mr. Strype informs us. That Mr. John Fox the Marty rologi ft had expofiulated with him about this Matter, and has preferred A/r.KnoxV Letter in Anfwer toMr. Fox, dated at Geneva, March 18. 1558- In this Letter he makes a modeji Apology' for his writing this Book, does not excife any vehement or raJJj Exprejfions he has ujed in it, but ftill affirms, that he is perfwadedofthe Truth of the Pofitions laid down in it. He defigncd to have written a fuhfequent Piece in Corjirmation of the firft Blaft, and this was to have been called the fccond Blaft, hut J^aeen Mary 0/ England dying foon after the frji Blaft was publfhtd, viz. ISovember 14. 1558, and he having agreatEfiecm o/^cf«EjizabcthV Xxii The Life of the Author. * ■ — — - Per/on, and entertaining great Hopes of fignal Jdmntages to the Pro- tejiant Caufefrom her Government^ ishom he looked upon as an Injiru- ment raifed np by the good Providence of God for the Good of his Peo- ple^ he ivent no further. Before this Event happened^ he piibliJJjed ait yidvertifement concerning this fecond Blafi at Geneva isfg, which is printed mth his Letter and Jppellation, and Mr. GilbieV Admonitiort to England and Scotland, to which I remit the Reader. In April isS9-> Mr. Knox determined to return to his native Comt' try-, and having a ftrong Defire in his Way to it to vifit thefe People in England, to whom he had formerly preached the Gqfpel, he applied to Sir William Cecil, his old Acquaintance., that he might procure Li- lerty for him to come through England. Mr. Strype informs us, that no Licence was granted, and that the Mejfenger he fent to negotiate that JJ^air was almoji taken into Cufiody. The Letter he wrote to Se- cretary Cecil upon that Head is to he found in Mr. BuchananV Editi- on of the Hijlory-t and in the MSS. from which this Edition' is print edy and therefore flmll forbear to give any Account of it. It is to be noticed^ that this Letter is not to be found in the Odavo Edition^ heing {as^ is prohakle) kept out to avoid giving Offence to £ueen Eliza- beth and Secretary Cecil j but notwithftanding of that Concejfion, that Edition was fuppreffed in England where it was printed : As we Jhall fee hereafter. In April i5'5P» there was printed at Strashmgh. an Anftver to Mr. Knox' J- Blaji-, written by John tinier an Exile, formerly Arch-deacon of Stow, and Treceptor to the renouiied Lady Jean Gray Laughter to the Luke 0/ Suffolk, and for a few Weeks ozvned by all King Edward'j- ,VI. Council as £iieen of i.nghnd. He was afterwards made Bifl^op of London by J^ueen Elizabeth. The indufirious Mr. Strype has zvritten Jjis Life, and in it gives lis an Account of this Performance. The Title cf it is. An Harborough for faithful and true Subjefts, againft the late blown Blaft, concerning the Government of Women, wherein are con- futed all fuch Reafons as a Stranger of late niade in that Behalf, with an Exhortation to Obedience. This Treatife is veryfcarce. I only faw it oncci but could not have Opportimity to perufe it ; and therefore cart form no judgment of it. In Mr. StrypeV Opinion it is a notable and full Anfwer to Mr. Knox. Mr. Knox arrived in Scotland, May r. i55P> ^J" appears from a Let- ter of his in Mr. WodrowV Hands, and was a very aSfive Inftrument in promoting the Reformation^ as appears from the Jecond Book of the Hifiory-, which contains a full Account of his Condu6i in Scothnd, and of the Progrefs of the Reformation, till the Trotefiants were oblig- ed to apply to England. For carrying on which Tranfa^iionx 2» July this Tear, he was pitched tipon to meet with Sir William Ce- cil at Stamford incognito, to converfe with him concerning the- State of Scotland. That great Statefnian had been applied to by thd Protcjtant Party in So.Q'CiQS'A, that he might interpofe dith^ueen Elizabeth /o give them AJfiHance againft the Opprefjion of the F tench. Mr. Knox totote a Letter to ^leen Elizabeth. incloTed in one to Sir William Cecii, . loth which are to be found in the Folio and Q^^tto' Editions of'thi Hifiory i but omiited'm the OCtdyo'i 'they are tdb'e feen in the Q^&xto Edit, Tiie Life of the Author. xxiii Edit, T. 230, 231 nt:(i 2^2. and in bis Edit. P. 2cp, 210, 211 -:•» The Letter to ^u^cn Elizabeth is ^^re^ ^^ Edinburgh, July 28. '1559^ as tve fid it in Mr. Buch.manV Quarto Edition; tut if the Jnfwcr gi-jen li)' Secret ciryCQC\\ be of a risjn Date, the other mitfl necefarily he of an earlier Dr.te ; perhaps Caldcrwood in his MSS. ITiftory comes nearer the Truth, ivhen he dates it July 14. 1559. But be that as it ivil/y Secretary Cecil ztrote an Anfvjer to Mr. Knox, dated at Oxford 2^th ^Z July 1559, -i'^hich is infert in the Q^Mio Edition^ P. 234. and in this Edit. P. xi2 and 213. From Secretary CccilV Letter, v:e fee that he expeSed to have fcen Mr. Knox at St:imford j hut his 'journey v:as retarded by the Vanger 0/ faffing by fZv French v:ho lay at Donbar. Jfterward he zvas fent to England in Company with Mr. Robert Hamilton Minifter of the Gof- pel to negotiate thefe great Jffairs betwixt the Proteftants in Scotland and Oucen Elizabeth : JVhen they came to Berwick they remained fome Bays v^ith Sir James Crofts Governor of it, and there they received Se- cretary CccilV yfnfwer to Mr. Knox abovementioned. Sir James Crofts undertook to manage their Bufinefs for them, and gave them his Ad- vice to return Home, which they did. Secretary Cecil fent a^fb an An- fwer to the Proteftant Nobility and Gentlemen concerning their Propo- falsto Qiieen Elizabeth, which was fo general that they were very near refolved to break off all communing upon that Subject, had not Mr.Knox interpofed with them, with fo much Earnejinefs that they allowed him once more to write to the Secretary, which he did. The Letter is to be feen in the Quarto Edition of the Hiftory, P. 234 and 235. and in this Edit. T. 213, 214 and 215. To this Letter there was very Coon an Jnfverfent, defirtng that fome Men of Credit might be fent from Scotland to meet with the Englifh at Berwick, and at the fame Time informing them that there was a Sum of Money ready to be delivered for carrying on the common Cauje, and afuring them, that if the Lords of the Congregation were zvilling to enter into a League with ^ueen Elizabeth upon honourable Conditions, they fjjould neither want Men nor Money from England. Upon this Anfxer Mr. Henry Balnaveis, a liUn of good Reputation in both Kingdoms, was fent to Berwick hy the Lords, who foon returned with a Sum of Money which defray- ed the publick Expcnce ^///November thereafter. In the fame Month o/July 15-59, Mr. Knox was choFen Minifier of Edinburgh ; hut being obliged to attend the Lords while' the Agreement mthEnghud was m Dependence, Mr. Willock was left in Edinburgh to officiate in his Room, The Efftd: of thefe Negotiations with England was. That an Army tvas fent down under the Command of the Duke of Norfolk, which was joined by ahnofi all the great Men in Scotland ; at laji a Peace was pro- cured and concluded by Commiffioner s from France,/;/ Name of our Queen andtheKingofVxznco Francis II. her Husband, and from Queen l!,Jizabeth 0/ England, in Conjunmon with the chief Nobility of Scot- land, which Tranfadiions are to be found in all our Ififlorians -, and par- tic\itarlytn,Mr.. KnoxV, who has carefully preferved feveral very im- fortm Papers relating to this great Affair. It would be to franfcribe (/O that xxiv The Life of the Author. that Hifiory to gi've any ./Account of^ thefe Matters., for zvhich Reafon I refer the Reader to it-, 'adhere he zc'ill have a full yfccount ofthetn. After this Tcace zvas concluded w July 1560, there tons Come Care taken by the Protejiant Miniflers., of zvhom Mr. Knox zvas the Chief, that the reformed LoRrine jl:>oiiid be preached through the Kingdom i for which Reafon they di'i>ided the whole Realm in twehe Parts, ani a(figned to each Minifter his particular DiJiriSf^ {for their whole Num- ber at that Time zvas only tzvehe) they compofed a Confefjion of Faiths afterzvards ratified by Tarliainent, and compiled the Jirji Book of Vif- cipline. By the Articles of Pacification a Parliament was allowed to meet in Auguft 1560, where there was prefent a very full Reprefentation of the Nation, as is evident from a Lift of the Members I found in the Cottonian Library., Caligula B. 9. Fol. 144. zvhich Lifi is mark- ed with Secretary CecilV Hand -, and of which I took a Copy from the Original. The Troteftants of all Ranks gave in a Petition to this Tarlia- ment, which is to be feen in this Hifiory, P. 237, 238, 239, which the Reader may confult. The Parliament., in AnCwer to this Petition^ required the Mlni- fters to draw up in plain [hort Heads, the Sum of the Lo&rine, zvhich they defired to have eftabliJJ:ed by the Civil Authority, as the publick Jbodlrine of this Church : This was chearfuUy gone into by them, and the doing of it committed to Mr. Knox, Mr. John Winram, Mr. Jolm Row, Mr. John Spotifwood, John Willock, and Mr. John Douglas Redor of the Vni'oerfity of St. Andrews, as we afe informed by Mr, Scot Minifier of Coupar, in a Manufcript Hifiory zvritten by him. In four Lays Time they fnifhed the Confeffion of Faith, and prefent- edit to the Parliament Auguft 17. This Confeffion is printed niKnoxx Hifiory, Ed. 8vo. p. 468 to 496. and in the A^ls of Parliament, and in this Edition from P. 239 ?o 253. It was approved by a vafi Majo- rity of the Members. A very fmall Nmnber voted again ft it, ffnd a Jew he fit at ed: It was fir Ji read over audibly in Face of Parliament, af- ter that. Time was allowed to make Objection i againji it ; next a Lay was fixed, when it zvas read over again, and the Minifters allowed to be prefent to anfwer the Obje^ions againft it ; but they were faved of that Trouble, for no Body propofed any. Thus, with very great Unanimity, the Proteftant Religion zuas efiabifjjed by Law. If it were a proper Tlace, I could add a great deal of very ufeful and inflru£iing Pajfages relating to this Matter. But this would require a juft Trea- tije by itfelf, and cannot come fo properly in here in Mr. KnoxV Life. This Parliament likewife made Jome other A&s in Favours of the proteftant Caufe ; one of them is againji the Mafs, and Abiife of the Sacraments, and another againft the Supremacy and Jurifdi£lion of the Pope, both which are in Mr. Knoxj Hifiory, P. 254 and 255* 7 he only Thing the Parliament waved to take Notice of in the Petition, was the Article concerning the Patrimony of the Church, and its Application to Minijiers, Schools, and the Toor ; the great Men having their owii] private Viewsi which appeared more plainly af- terwards. Tht ^—— '" < — ■IIW ■■ The Lite oi the A l t h o r. xxV The Parliament fent to France Sir ]a\r\c% Sandihinds LordSt.]o\\\\, and Knight of Rhodes, to apply to the King of France and our Oiictn his- Coufort, jor a Ratification of thefe ^5ls of Parliavuntt conform to the (olemn Promijcs made hy their Jmhajjadors^ in the Jprcement and ContraQ: made in July laft. Mr. Calderwood in his Maniifcript Hiftory obferves, 7 hat he came in a mojl unfcafonabJe Jun^ure of Time-, for the Houfe of Guife then ruled all in France, in a vay imperious Manner, and contrived the Ruin of all fuch as op- pofed their Meafures, either under Colour of Religion or of Treafoni and aimed at no Itfs than a general Lejrtt^ion of all Proteflattts -,. hut within a littk a Stop toas put to their Caricr as to Scotland, ly the Jttddtn Vcath e Remainder of this Tear i5<^^ i and I have no- thing^ The Life of the Author. xxvii thing tile m that Teriod to oJflr,tohich is not to he found in the Jccount of Matter T given there. In the: Tear i5<52, Mr. Knox was imployed in making up Differences letaixt the Earh o/Bothwell and Arran, which is injert in the Hiftory p. 3o5',&c, This is an Evidence how much he was regarded bj the mofi emi inent Perfons of the Kingdom, and how much Interefi he had with them. This fame Tear the £tieen being informed that her Uncles were like to recover their former Intereji at the Court of France, received the News voith great yoy. Mr. Knox being informed of her Behaviour-, and ap- prehending that the Power of the ^eetis Relations would produce dif- mal £J-e8s in Prejudice of the Reformed Intereji in theje Tarts, thought fit to preach itponP{&]. ii, lo, 1 1. Urom which Words, he taxed the Ig- norance, Vanity and Defpitc of Princes againft all Vertne, and againftall thofe in whom Hatred of Vice, and Lovcof Vertue appeared. The 2yeen being informed of his Words, fent Mr. Alexander Cockburn eUeft Son to the Laird o/Ormcflon with a Mejfage to Mr. Knox to bring him to the 2}}een. Mr. Cockburn having been formerly his Scholar, gave himjome Jccount of his jiccufation, and of his Accufers-, he very readily came to the 2ueen, and had a Conference with her, which is in the Hijlory, p. 309, 310, &c. This Tear Mr. Knox was appointed by the General Jffembly, Com* mijfioner to the Counties o/Ky)e and Galloway, and by his Injluence^ fc e Comptroller, to advertife him that they were in great Danger, and craved his Jffiftance, he zvith great Expedition came down and brought the Trovoft and "Baillies of Edin- . burgh along with him and many others ; it happened upon this Occafion, .?/;^f Patrick Cranfton went into the £ueens Chappel, and finding the Altar covered, and the Prieji ready to celebrate the Mafs, faid. The Queens Majefty is not here, how dare you then be fp malapert as o- penly to do againft the Law. The Report of this f>eing carried to the ^ueen, floe caufed fiumnon the faid Patrick Cranfton and Andrew Arm- ftrong to find Surety to under ly the Law for Forethought Fellony, having made violent Invafion into the £!ieens Palace -, Mr. .Knox being afraid thai Extremity might be tifed agahifi thefe two zealous Men, and being .authorized by tbe laft General jffenibly to give Advert if ement to the whole Body of Prottjiants in Spotiand, when any Danger ap- peared, wrote a. circular Letter-, which is inferted in his Ji'Jioryj page 336 and lyj, dated. at Edinburgh, Odober 8th i5^3> '-^^herein he defires them to conveen for the Support of thefe Men agaivji. the Time of their Appearance. Some Copies of this Letter of Mr, .Knox were intercepted and brought to the £ueen -, it was conejuded in her-Ca- binet Councih' /that it contained Treafon, and the Nobility were advertifed to be prefent at Mr. Knox'j- Tiyeih which zvas appointed a- gaifi/i The Life of the Author. xxix ^S^inji the middle of December : The Nobility convecned according to the ^iccns Jppointmenu and having heard Mr. Knox'x Defence, he wai abiohed by them. Of this remarkable Pajfagc Mr. Kno\ gives us a full /Account in his Jftflory, from P. J39 to 343. Tl^e General Jffembly of the Church alfo approved of Mr. Knox'r Cond'Mi tvith rejpe& to the abovementionsd Jjfair, he havins, been ath thorized by them to give yidvertijhment of any common Danger ; this gave great Offence to the Qjieen and Court. Another remarkable Pajjfage of Mr. KnoxV Life happened in the (tear iS^^. At the General Affembly, there was a jele6l Comnuttee ap- pointed by them to meet with Jeveral Perfons of Difiin&ion, who had Offices in the State, to confer together upon feveral controverted H^ads, the Chief of which was the fetting the 'Boundaries betwixt the Po-v:er of the fupreme Mttgifirate and the People. Mr. Knox and the rcjl of his 'Brethren efpoufed the Javie Principles which have been ozvned by the Supporters of the late happy Hevolution, the Courtiers wCre fo^ fcrewing up the Royal ^Prerogative to a great Pitch, the whole Conference is at full Length given in Mr. KnoxV flifiory, from Page 349 to ^66; hut they broke up without coming to o-y /Agreement; it is to no Pur- pofe to abridge the Account of this Matter giZ\H in the Hijiory , and therefore I refer the Reader to it. Mr. Knox fell into fome Trouble the next Tear is%i ^'pon this Oc- cafion: Henry Lord Dcrnly bein;^ married to the £ucen upon the 19. Day of July this Tear, was advijed by the Proteflants about the Court tO come to hear Mr. Knox preach, which they thought might contribute much to -procure the Good-will of the People, at their DJire he went tO Sermon upon Sunday Auguft 19. J//-. Knox took his Ti.xt in the xxvi. Ifa. 13. and 17 ver.from which Place he difcou.ftd of the Government of wicked T rimes, who for the Sins of the People are fent as Tyrants and Scourges to pla ue them-, and among other Things he f aid that Qcd fets in that Room (for the Offences and Ingratitude of the Pcopie) Boys and Women; there zetre alfo fome other Words uttered by him, svhich gave great Offence to the young King, e. g* That God juftly pu- nifhed Ahab and his Pojitrity, becaufe he would not take Order with that Harlot Jczabel. Mr. Knox was immediately commanded to appear before the Council i '}}e obeyed, and was accompanied by a good jSlumber of the mojl coufider- able Men of the Towm when he was called the Secret a ty declared t thai the Kings Majefiy was offended with fome Words fpohn in his Sermon, (efpecially fuch as are above rehearfcd) defiring him to abflain from Preaching for 15 or 20 'Days, and that Mr. Qxaigffjould fupply his Place. Mr. Knox anfwered, TToat he had fpoken nothing but according t6 Vis Text, and if the Church would command him either to f peak or ab- flain., he would obey, fo far as the Word of God would permit him. The TublifJjer of Mr. Knox s Hi/lory, Edit. J^uarto, P. /\i9. adds in the Margin, That in ahfwcting he faid more than he had preached, for he added, That as the King had for Pleafure of the Queen gone to Mafs, and dilhonoured the Lord God, fo fiiouid God in his Julfice, ih) make XXX The Life of the Author. make her an Inftrument of his Ruin ; and fo it fell out in a very (hort Time; but the Queen being incenfed with thefe Words fell out in Tears, and to pleafe her ^ohn Knox muft abfiain from Preaching for a Time. The General Jjfemhly-, which met in December i5<55, in their /^th Seffion-, appointed Mr. Knox to pen a confolatory Letter in their Name^ to encourage Minijiers, Exhorters and Readers to continue in their J/q- cation, which manj ivere under great Temptation to leave for want of Subftftence, and to exhort the Frojejfors of the Realm to /apply their Necejfitks. Mr. Knox was alfo appointed by this JJJembly to mftt, preach and plant the Kirks in the South till the next jjfembly, and to remain fo long as he could at this Work. The General Jjfembly, which con'veened at Edinburgh in December iS^6, upon Mr. KnoxV Veftrey allowed him, to go to England to vifit two of his Sons, who were educated in the Univerfity of Cambridge, and to do his other necejfary Jffairs in that Kingdom; he got very ample Tefiimonials from the JJJembly of his Life, DoSirine and Ufe- ftilnefs, and was by them recommended to all to whom he fiould come-, they limited his abode in England to the Meeting of the next General e^jfembljjune 25. This Jame General JJfembly being informed., that fome worthy and learned Divines in England were projecuted by the Bijhops, hecaife they refufed to ufe the Habits appointed by Law to be ufed by Church-men.^ caufed a Letter to be cvritten and lent by Mr. Knox, wherein they with great Earnejlnefs entreated that they might deal gently with fuch Mi- nifters as fcrupled concerning the Ule of thefe Veftments. This Letter is puUiJJjed by SiJIjop Spotfwood in his Hiftoryy and in the Hijiory of the Troubles at Francfort, as alfo by Mr. Strype in his Life of Archhi" Jljop Parker J it is likewije to be found in the Regijier of the General Jjfcmbly, fo that there is no Occafion for inferting it here:, the Letter. itfelffeems to have been penned by Mr. Knox, as is affirmed in the ^th Book of the Hijiory, where we ham alfo a Copy of the JJfembly s. Letter. In the Tear 15(57, July 29. Mr. Knox preached a Sermon at the CorO', nation of King James VI. of Scotland, and afterwards I. of Great Bri- tain. This Sermon is commended by Buchanan in his Hifioty, who no doubt heard it, and could well judge of the Beauties of fuch a Ter- formance j after this Sermon the Superintendents of Lothian, Angus* and Bijhop of Orkney fet the Crown on his Head, the Earl of Morton and Lord Hume took the Coronation Oath in his Name. This Tear is very remarkable, upon the Account of the great Turn of Jffairs in Scotland by the Demijjion of the Government by f^vteen Mary, and the conjlituting the Earl of Murray Regent, who held a Parliament, which began upon the 15. of December ^ this -was a itery numerous Convention of all the Efiates^ as appears from authentick Lijis of the Members of it^ which I havefeen. Mr. Knox preached a zealous Sermon at the opening of it -, in this Parliament the ConfeJ/ion of Faith before ratified anno 1560, wai of new confirmed, and mcnty 0^ thet JSfs made for Confirmation of the reformed Religion, In V The Life of the Author. xxxi In the Tear 1S69, Mr. Knox was in cxtream yfffli&ion upon account of th^ Murder of the Earl of Murray Regent, zvhich fell out Junuary 23. 1569; he apprehended that the Inter eft of Religion was expofd to the utmofi Danger by his Fall, and exprejjed himjcif with great Con- cern upon that Jccount both in puhjick and private. I have f'een a Form of Prayer compofed bj him upon this E-vent, tif.v'ch Mr. CaldcrwooJ has preferred, zchich Jhows his genuine Sentiments of this Matter. His deep Concern for this and f'everal other Things which he looked- upon as Pre/ages of great Calamity to the ProtefiantCaufe,are extream- ly well expreffed by Mr. Smcton in his Anfjoer to Mr. Archibald Ha- niiltonV Dialogue, Dc confufione CaJvinianx fcdx apud Scotos, p. 116. Poll multos & pene infinitos Jaborcs, quos vir Dei patienter & conftanter pro Dei gloria proriiOvenda, & evangelio Chrilti propagando pertulit, tradus paulatim cepit imbeciliori efle corporc, cum incredibilis tamen animi perfpicacia & folertia, non imminucretur ant langucfceret : Sed tjiiod mirum omnibus fait, fua quotidic caperet incrcmenta j ad labores acccfferunt multa alia, qua: fic pii viri pectus exulcc-arunt, at totus in mcditationibus, lachrymis Scfulpiriis marcefceret, nam anno Dom. 1569 O&avo cal. Februarii jacobus Stuardiis, frlicis mcmorix prorcx, orna- mcntum & lumen hujus nationis, quo nullus nnquam extitit aut religi- onis obfervantior, ant amantior a:qui, perditiffimi ncbnlonis ^acobi Ha- miltonii pioditione, qui fibi & toti fere illi genti exitium attulit, propter pcccata noftra, qux multa & magna fuerunt, e medio fublatus eft : Hie cuQi propter veram pietatem, & integritatem morum K'wxio imprimis char'is fuiflct, dici non potefl; quantum ad mortem illuftris viri indoluit: Vidit enim, quje anguftijc, qux turbx, quae mala in moefta, & multum 31m lugente rep. hoc facinus client conlecutura: Q.ux res fxpius in animum incurrens eum vehcmentcr aflfecit, vcrfavit, & torfit : Adde quod CO etiam tempore prxterquam quod late gralTabatur impietas, quam illc Temper fortiter oppugnabat, cxperunt etiam ii qui prius de re- ligione bene meriti videbantur, paulatim deficere, regiam audoritatem labetadare, nefariorum fcclcrum patrocinium fufcipere,adeoque & remp. ipfamquc religionem in fummum difcrimen adducere, quo quid acer- bius pio pedori obtingere potuit ? There is a remarkable Pajfage told by BifJjop Spotifwood in his Hi' Jlory, id Edit. pag. 2 34. upon the Occafion of the Murder of this Re- gent; and hecaufe it relates to Mr. Knox, Ifhall give it intire m the Bijhofs ozvn Words. There fell out the next Day after his Death, a Thing which I thought was not to be palled : He was killed en the Saturday, and died ( as I have faid ) a little before Midnight; The Word of his Death coming to £,dinburgh, Thomas Maitland, a younger Brother of Zethington (this is he whom'Buchanan makes his Collocutor in the Di- alogue de jure Regni ) knowing what Efteem yohn Knox made ot tho Regent, and loving none of the two, caufed a writing to be laid in the Pulpit where ^ohn Knox was that Day to preach, to this Senfe, and almoft in the fame Words, Take up the Man, whom you account- ed another God, and confider the End whereto his Ambition hath brought him. John Knox finding the Paper, and taking it to be a Me- {norial for reccHnmcnding feme lick Perfons in his Prayers, after he had {h 2) read xxxii The Life of the Author. read the fame, laid it by, nothing, as it feems, commoved therewith ; yet in the End of the Sermon tailing to regrate the Lofs that the^ Church and Commonwealth had received by the Death of the Regent, and (hewing how God did often, for the Sins of the People take away, good Rulers and Governors. I perceive, faid he, albeit this be an Ac- cident we fliould all take to Heart, there be fome that rejoice in this wicked Fad, making it the Subjefit of their Mirth, among whom there is one that hath caufed a writing to be caft in this Place, inlulting upon this, which is all good Mens Sorrow. This wicked Man, whofo- ever he be, fliall not go unpuniflied, and ihall die where none (hall be to lament him. The Gentleman was himfelf prefent at Sermon, and being come to the Lodging, asked his Sifter, who was alfo there, i£ (he did not think John Knox was raving to fpeak fo of the Man he knew not : But flie weeping faid. That (he was lorry he had not fol- lowed her Council^ for (he had diffwaded him from that doing; none of this Man's Denunciations, faid llie, are wont to prove idle, but have their own Effed. Shortly after the Troubles of the Country increafing, the Gentleman betook himfelf to travel, and paflfing into Jtaly^ died there, having no known Perfon to attend him : This I thought not unworthy of Record, being informed thereof by the Gentleman's Sifter, to whom thefc Speeches were uttered, and who was privy to the whole Purpofe, for an Advertifement to all Perfons not to make a light Account of the Threatnings of God's Servants. The Gentleman was otherwife a Youth of great Hopes, learned and cour- teous, but mifcarried with AfFeavid thought the MefTage hard, yet Mr. Kitox prcfling him, he went to the Caftle, and met firft with Sir Robert Mel- vil walking on the Wall, and told him what was his Errand, who, as he thought, was much moved with the Matter. Thereafter he com- muned with Grange the Captain, whom he thought alfo fomewhat mo- ved j the Captain went from him to Secretary Lethingtoun.yViV.h. whom after he had conferred a little, he returned to Mr. Lindlay., and faid/ Go tell Mr. Knox he is but a dr — ng Trophet. Mr. David returned to^ Mr. Knox, and reported how he had difcharged his Commiflion, and that it was not very well accepted of the Captain, atter he had confer- red with the Secretary. Well, lays Mr. Knoxj I have been earneft with my God anent thefe two Men ; for the one. Grange, I am forry that fo it (hould bcfal him, yet God affureth me, there is Mercy for his Soul : For the other I have no Warrant, that ever he fliall be well. Mr. David thought, that he fpoke hard, yet laid it up in his Mind, till Mr, Knox was at Reft with God, and found the Truth of that which he had fpoken, within a little after. Mr. Knox before his Sicknefs had commanded his Wife and his Ser- vant Richard BanantjnetthsLt when God fliould vifit him with Sicknefs, and he was not able to read himfelf, one of them fliould read to him, the xvii. Chapter of ^o^/z, a Chapter of the Epiftle to the £phefianSy and the liii. Chapter of Ifaiahy which was done: Few or no Hours of the Day pafTed, wherein fomewhat was not read, as he appointed ; fome- times Calvin's Sermons upon the ^'phefans were read in French. One Time when reading them, and they fuppofing him to be afleep, asked him if he heard? He anfwered, I hear, and I praifeGod, I underftand far better: Thefe Words he uttered again, about four Hours before he expired. The Earl of Morton, Lord Boyd, and the Laird of Drtmlanrig canm to vifit him, on JVednefday the 19. To the Earl Mr. Knox was heard to fay, JMy Lord, God hath given you many Bleflings, he hath given you Wifdom, Riches, many good and great Friends, and is now to prefer you to the Government of this Realm- in bis Name I charge yon, that you ufe thefe Bleflings right, and better in Time to come, than you have done in Time paftj in all your Adions feek firft the Glory of God, the Furtherance of the GofpeJ, the Maintenance of his Church, and the Miniftry ; and next be carefiil of the King, to procure his Good, and the Welfare of the Realm; if you do this, God fhall be with you, and honour you ; if otherwife you do it not, he Ihall deprive you of all thefe Benefits, and your End (hall be Shame and Ignominy. Thefe Words the Earl nine Years after, at the Time of his Execution, cab- led to Mind, faying he found them to be true, and Mr. KnoK there- in a Prophet. Next The Life of the A u t h o r. xxxix Next Lord's_ Diiy my Lord Lindfqy, and fcvcral other Gentlemen* came to vifit him : He exhorted them to continue in the Truth, and to have no Dcahng with that damnable Houfe of theCaftle of Edinburgh. The Lord Riah'-Jdh when he came to vifit him, faid. Sir, if there be' any Thing I am able to do for you, I pray you charge me with it. Mr. Kuox anfwercd, I am now beyond all the Pleafurc and Friendfliip of the World. The Earl of Glencairn vifitcd him often, and fo did ma- ny Barons and Gentlemen. A Gentlewoman fearing God, defired him to praifc God, for the Good he had been enabled to do, and be^an to Ipeak of his Ufcfulnefs. He anfwered, Tongue, Tongue, Lady,^FIcni of itfelf istoo proud, and ncedeth no Means to cfiecm itfelf,- he pro- tefted he did on/y claim the free Mercy of God in Chrift, and willed her never to pufF up the FJefti, which of itfelf was too proud, and rea- dy to do this, without any other Provocation. He exhorted her to Humility, and to caft away ff inking Pride,- and put her in Remem- brance of what a Woman had laid to her long ago, Lady, Lady The black Ox hath never trod upon your Foot. Upon the Lord's Day the 23, which was the firft Sabbath of the Faft, in the Time of the Afternoon's Sermon, none being prefent but fuch as waited on him, after Mr. Knox had lien a long Space very quiet, as they thought, he faid. If any be prefent, let them come, and fee the Work of God ; for he thought to have departed, as they judg- ed; and his Servant Richard Banantyne lent for John Johnjion ; Mr. iCnox broke out in thcfe Words, Thefe two laft Nights, I have been in Meditation, for the troubled Kirk of God, defpifed in the World, but precious in his Sight ; I have called to God for it, and commended it to Chrift her Head ; I have been fighting againft Satan, who is ever ready to affaulti I have fought againft fpiritual WickedncfTes, and have prevailed ; I have been in Heaven, where prcfently I am to be, and tafted of the heavenly Joys. Thereafter he faid the Lord's Prayer, and the Belief, with a Paraphrafe on every Petition and Article ,• when he was faying, Our Father which is in Heaoen^ he added, who can pronounce fo holy Words, (jc. Many came to vifit him after Sermon ,• ibme ptrcciving his Breath to be fhortned, asked if he had any Pain \ He anfwered, I have no more Pain, than he that is now in Heaven and am content to ly here fcven Years, if fo it fhall pleafe God. He faid often, Live in Chrift, and let never Flefli fear Death. When he was lying, as it was fuppofed faff alleep, he was at his Meditations, and would burft forth in thefe Speeches, or the like, Lord grant us the right and perfetl Hatred of Sin : Lord grant true Paffors to thy Kirk, that Purity of Dodrine may be retained : Lord reftore Peace again to this Common- wealth, with godly Rulers andMagiftratcs: Lord make an 3End of Troubles : Lord, I commend my Soul and Body into thy Hands. That Night, about nine of the Cloc^, Dr. Tre/ion came to him, and fisked how he did^ Mr. Knox anfwered, I have been tempted by Sa- tan, and when he perceived he could not prevail, he tempted me to tnrft, and rejoice in myfelf, and to boaft i but I repulfed him with this Sentence, (luld habes rquod non accepijii f {k 2) Upon xl TheLife of the Author. upon Monday November 24, he rofe about $> or 10 Hours, and yet was not able to ftand alone ; he put on his Hofe and Doublet, and fat in a Chair the Spate of half an Hour, and then went to his Bed a- gain J being asked by the Good-man of Kingzeandeugh^ if he had any Pain ? He anfwered. No great Pain, but fuch as I truft will put an End to this Battle: And faid to him, I muft leave the Care of my Wife and Children to you, to whom you muft be an Husband in my Room. In the Afternoon he caufed his Wife read to him, the xv. Chap, of the i Epiftle to the Corinthians i and when it was ended, he faid, Is not that a moft comfortable Chapter? Within a little, he faid, I commend my Soul, Spirit and Body, pointing up his three Fingers, into thy Hands, O Lord. About 5 of the CJo k, he faid to his Wife, Go read where I caft my firft Anchor -, and fo (he read the xvii. of ^ohn^ ahvl after that fome Sermons of Mr. Cahin upon the Ephefians. A- bout half an Hour to Ten, they went to the ordinary Prayer, which be- ing ended. Dr. frejion faid. Sir, heard ye the Prayer? Mr. Knox an- fw^ercd, I would to God ye and all Men heard as I heard j I praife God for that heavenly Sound. Then Robert Campbell o- Kingzean^, ckugh fat down before him on a Stoolj and incontinent he laid. Now it is come ; for he had given a long Sigh and Sob. Then faid Richard £atiantjne his Servant, Now Sir, the Time ye have long called to God for is come, to wit, an End of your Battles j and iteing all natu- ral Powers now fail, give us fome Sign, that ye remember upon the comfortable Promifes, which ye have often (hewed unto us. Mr. Knox hfted up his one Hand, and incontinent thereafter rendered his Spirit. On this Manner departed this Man of God, the Light and Comfort of our Kirk, a Mirrour of Godlinefs, a Pattern to Minifters, for the holy Life, Soundnels of Do(5lrine, and Boldnefs in reproving Vice. He had a mighty Spirit of Judgment and Wifdom ; that Tronble came never to the Kirk, after his Entry in publick Preachings but he forefaw the End thereof. Many Things he did foretel ( as hath been noticed in their Places) I add now that he foretold the Qiieen, that becaufe Ihe would not come and hear the Word, (he (hould be com- pelled to hear it, nill (he will (he^ and fo (he was at her Arraignment, And to her Husband the King he laid. Have ye, for the Pleafure of that Dame, caft the F/alm 'Book into the Fire ? The Lord (hall ftrike both Head and Tail. Beza calleth him the Apoftle of the^SVo/^j-j and com- prehendeth all his Praile in few Words, when he calleth him in his Ico- neSi the great Mr. Knox. This the yfccoimt the learned and indijirious Mr. David Calderwood gil>)f the faid Univerfitv. 7hat hg was admitted Fellow of St.]o\\v\s College there a2.March iS19' That he was made Mofier of Arts, by the fere faid UnJztiftty 1581. That he was one ef the Treachers emitted hy the Univerfity, An.' Doou 1583. ' (/) That xlii The Life of the Author. That he was made Vicar 0/ Cladon-magna, 17. May 15*87 (New- courtV Repcrtoiiam, Lond. Vol, 7d. P. 154J That he was made JBatchelor in Lwinityi by the forefaid Uni'Derfity of Cambridge i5'88. That he died 1591, and was buried in the Chapel of St. JohnV Col- lege in Cambridge. Theje Particulars^ concerning Mr. Knox'i two Sons, were copied from the Regijlers of tl.ic Univerfity of Cambridge, and of St. John's College there, bj my zvorthy Friend Mr. Baker above mentioned^ and figned by loim^ which I haoeJi'rU in my Cuftody for my Voucher. I never could hear of any other Sons of Mr. Knox. Mr. Knox mar- ried for his fecond Wife, Mris. Margaret Stewart 'Daughter to Andrew JLord Ochiltrie, a zealous Promoter of the Reformation ,• he had by her three Daughters, as appears from the Records of -the General Ajfem- bl)>, March iS73i ^-^o continued the Tenfion, which Mr. Knox had from the Kirk, to his Wife Margaret Stewart, and Mr. Knox'/ three Daughters by her, who are f aid to be unprovided, for the Tear 15J3 : The Penfion was 500 Merks Money, two Ch alders Wheats fix Ch al- ders ^ear, and four Chalders Oats. This Favour is granted upon Ac- count of the long and fruitful Travels made by Mr. Knox in the Kirk, and for the Education and Support of his Wife and Children. Whether he had any Daughters by his Jirfi Wife, I cannot certain- ly determine ; but it is probable he had, from what follows : For one of his 'Daughters was married to Mr. Robert Pont, Minifier of St. Cuth- bertV, andforfome Time a Lord of Seffion: It is not probable, that his Wife was of the fecond Marriage -, for no Doubt Mr. Pont was an old Man, before any of that Marriage could be of Age. Another of Mr. KnoxV Daughters was married to Mr. John Welffi; Minifier of the Gofpel at Air, and athird to Mr. James Fleming, Mini- fier of the Gofpel at Grandfather to the late Reverend Mr: Robert Fleming, Minifier at London, ^^0' Mr. Robeit's Father was of another Marriage. This is all I can gather, concerning Mr. KnoxV Pofierity : His Widow married, for her fecond Husband^ Sir Andrew Ker of Faudounfide. I come now to give an Account of his Writins^s, and of the Works he left behind him not publifJjed. His Works printed in the Time of his Life, are as follow. The fir ft Performance of his, which was printed was, A faithful Ad- monition, made by him to the true Profejfors of the Gofpel of Chrijf, within the Kingdom of England, 1554. It is reprinted both in the Fo- lio and 4to. Editions of his Hifiory 1 644. and at the End of this. 2. He wrote a Letter to Mary Queen Regent o/Scotland iss6,^nd there- after augmented it 1 5" 5 8. Of this I have given fome Account already ^ it is alfo printed in the Folio and 4to. Editions of his Hifiory, and alfo in this Edition. There is anZvo. Edition of it printed at Geneva, 1558. 3. That fame Tear 1558 was printed Geneva, The Appellation of ^ohn Knox, from the cruel and unjuft Sentence pronounced againft him, by the falfe Bifliops and Clergy of Scotland, zvith his Supplication and Exhortation to the Nobility, JEflates and Commonality of the fame Re- alm. With this is printed an Admonition to England and Scotland, to call / The Life of the Author. xliii call them to Repentance^ written by Anthony Gilby, and Mr. Knox'j Ad- certi/cmetit, concerning the Second Blaft of the Trumpet. Mr. KnoxV y^ppel- lation to the Nobility and Commonality of Scotland ;/ printed with the Hi- fiory 1644, in the Folio ^«^4to. Editionss andlikevcife in this Edition. That fame Tear was printed^ The Firft Blall of the Trumpet, a- gainft the monfiriious Regiment of fFomefty 8vo. 155-8. reprinted in this Edition. In the Tear 1559, hetorot ^/V brief Exhortation to England, for the /peed}' Embracing of Chrift'^ Go/pel, heretofore by the Tyranny of Ma- ry, hpprcff^d and baniJJjed j it is reprinted together with his Hifioryy Edinburgh, 4to. 1644. alfoin this Edition, In the Tear 1560 was printed at Geneva, Mr. KnoxV Anfwer to a great Number of blafphemous Cavillations, written by an Anabaptili, and Adverfary to God's eternal Fredefiination, by John Knox Mimjterof God's Word in Scotland. Mr. KnoxV next Performance may be reckoned. The Confcflion of Faith, ratified by the Parliament i5'6o, in the compofing of which Mr. Knox without Doubt had a principal Share. ' ' The firft Book of Difcipline a;n a 7 mixed with it. So f^ir our Author ; where we may notice he lives in the Times of thefe Tranfactions he gives an Account of, which is a Confiderati^n that llrikes againft the Author of the fundamental Cbar^' ter of Trcsbjterj: There is little farther in this Preface fwc the Au-^ thor's Apology for his naked Relation of Truth, and his Stile. Now as to the "Book itfclf, I fhaJI not trouble you with a!] the more minute Differences I liave marked, which might b: fomc Way ufcful for any that were to give the World an accurate Edition of KnoXy which I think fliall not be in Hafte. I only touch at thefe Variations that are more confiderable. P. 2. of 2). B. in the Articles of the Lollards, only that which is in Jtalick Chardftcr is in the Manufcript. P. 4. D. IB. you will notice, that the Reference to Fox\ Martyrolo- gy is in the Manufcript j and the Argument the Author of the funda- mental Charter., after Bifhop Spotifz^ood, brings from this Paffage, was that which ftruck me mofl of any he brought, till of late I have fal- Fep on the Edition of Fox in Latin Folio, Bafil 1559, 14. Years be- fore Mr. /O/ox's Death, where P. 121. at a confiderable Length is in- fertcd the Account of Patricius Hamiltonius Scotus^ which Knox might fee, and no doubt refers to. P. 34. ©.S. Line 18. from thefe Words, ^fary Daughter to Robert Bruce, to thefe Words, After that he /pake, &c. are added by ©. B. foi: enlightening the Story; and nine Lines below our Manulcripf wants the Story about the feigned Tcftament. P. 35, L. S. our Manufcript wants the favourable Charafter of King yapies V. fro,m Line 11. Tet to /peak the Truth to the £iieJfions of his Government, &c. P. 41. /). B. Line 33, &c. runs in our Manufcript, For by God's Word would not the Divorcement of his Father from Flizaheth Hume his firfl Wife, be found lawful, and lo would the laid Marriage be de- clared null, and he a Baftard. And the Differences and Additions are yet greater in the fame Page, Line 41. Firft becaufe he himfelr was born, to Page 42. Line 3. The Cardinal puts the Earl, i^c. And .D. B's marginal Note, which is not in our Manufcript, fecms either to reflcft oT\' Knox, or difcovcr a Sufpicion of the Story he has delivered himfelf. P. 55. Z). B. we have more Additions, the Words Line 21. From, wher5,^£3 Cardinal, to Line 24. or that bloody Wolf, dr. are not in ■ C'« 2) ©or - - - — ■ . , , - ^.p xlviii The Life of the Author. oar Manufcript. And Line 29. of the fame Page, all that 2). S. hath from the Cardinal, feeing it was forbidden, (^c. to Line 44. and to the Servant of Gk)d, ^c. is wanting in oar Manufcript. Hitherto the O. C. jumps with our Manulcript,- where I obferve it differ I fliall no- tice it. P. 57. Line 30. you fee Tj.B. refers to certain Records: But in the Manufcript it runs, The Manner of his Accufation, Procefs, and Affizes - following, as we have received the fame from the Book of Martyrs, which Word by Word we have here inferred, and that becaufe the faid Book is rare to be had ; by this Book of Martyrs I fuppofe Mr. fox muft be meaned; and it might have been another of Mr. Sages Arguments. P. 67. Z). B. from Line 23. And conferred a pretty while, to Page 68. to Line 12. The Cardinal treading, c^c. is wholly wanting in our Ma- nufcript. P. 69. from Line 22. The Trumpet founding, to Line 42. on the other Side, When the People beheld, C^c. is not in our Manufcript,- and fo we want the famous Prophefy by Mr. Wijhart about the Cardinal's Death. P. 70. there is fo mnch Difference beti\'ixt T). B. and the Manufcript, as makes me think Damd Buchanan has had fome other Copy, or al- tered too much, the Additions are fo many, and fo mixed, that with- out tranfcribing both you would not underftand them. There is not much confiderable in this Page for clearing any weighty Part of the Hiftory of thefe Times, and fo I pafs it. P. 86. Z). B> from Line 42, Then God will fure ftop, <^c. to Page 8p. Line 7. This Conclufion, cf r. is wanting in the Manufcript. P. 1 01. Z). S. at thefe Words Line 32. Failed of all he had written, the Manufcript adds a fevere Invedtive againft Queen Mary^ which it feems Buchanan thought too piquant,- and by the By, this is another Prefuroption the Book was written by Knox. The Words in the Ma- nufcript are, Jnd therefore it were expedients that her Daughter ^ now mijchie'vouly reigning^ jhould look to that which pajjed btfore, left that in follomng the Councils of the Wicked^ JJie end more miferabi)i than her crafty mother did. P. I -•6. L. B. The Story of taking down of the Frier's Houfe in Sii Johnfioun, is related wifh fome different Circumftances in the Manu- fcript, which being of little Confcquence, I fhall not take up your Time with them. P. 218. Z). B. Line 23. from as ^ohn Knox had fore-warned, to Page 222. Cecil's firft Letter is wanting in the O. C. But the Manu- fcript here agrees with Buchanan. P. 233. in the Title of the Contract at 'Berwick, you fee D. B. has it ^ames Duke of Chatcllarault-, and other of the Council and Nobili- ty, our Manufcript has it jfames Duke of Chatcllarault, Earl of yfr- ran. Lord Hamilton, fetond Perfon of the Realm of Scotland, and Heir apparent to the Crown, &c. and Line lalt of the fame Page, D. B. has it, Except the Realm of Scotland, and the laid Nobility, (^-c. whereas in the Manufcript 'tis, Shall except the faid Realm of Scotland, the faid Duke of Chattellerault being declared by ASt of Parliament in Sect' The Life of the A u t h o r. xlix Scotland, to be Heir apparent to the Crown thereof, and the faid No- bility, (^c. P. 25 1. (or 245) as it is mifplarcd, I). 2?. Line 9. our MSS. adds, God* for his great Mercy rid us from the reft of the Guiftan Blood*, Jmtn^ /fntcn ; for of the Tyranny of the Guiftan Blood in her that for our Unthanklulncfs now reigncth above us, we have had fufficient Experience, but of any Vertue that ever was efpied in King ^ames V. whofc Daughter (he is called ; to this Hour we have never a Spcdacle to appear J fo that you fee the Editor has not only pared, but added from Line 9 to 13. In the Proclamation, July 8. 1560, ©. B, ftilos Queen lilizabeth Q_iieen of England^ France and Ireland^ the MSS. wants France. P. 2?9- D. B. In the.Confcflion of Faith, our MSS. wants the mar- ginal Places of Scripture, which you fee are in Buchanan in great A- bundancc. P. 279. T>. B. at Line 3. thefe Words, Their Coitimiflion was to crave Afliftance, the MSS. adds, and to propound the Earl of Arran^ who then was in no fmall El!imation with us, to the Queen of Eng-' land in Marriage. P. 281. B. B. Line i. fome in France, Sec. to Line 10. the Death of this King is wanting in our MSS. In Place of this Paragraph, our MSS. hath what follows, The godly in France upon this fudden Death fet forth in Verfe an Admonition to Kings. j^d hujus tcmporis momrchasy protrepticon carmen Conjiliis chrijlimi opptignans (^ fraudihus ingetts Rcgum ilk terror Carol us, Ipfii ridiculus piieris, furiof'us dy cxcorft Totus repente corruit. Tuque Henrice malis dum confultorihtis utenf, Sitis piorum fanguinem^ Ipfe tuo, 'Viccrs inopina cade peremptus. Terrain imbuifli fanguine, Henrici, deinceps fe&ans vejligia patris, Fraucifcus infelixpuer, Clamantem chriftum furda dum negligit aiire, Aure putrefada corruit ; f^erfuti, fatui, Jurdi, fpedfacula reges H has not, and a great many mo leffer Differences in this fourth Book, than in the former three. After all there is Jittle wanting in ©. B. that tends to the clearing of the Story of thefe Times ; I only give you a Tafte of the Charaal tf them preferved by the faithful and learned Mr. Divid Calderwood in his large Hiftory. Ifhallgive the Titles of f>.ch of them as are in Mr. WodrowV Hands, i. There is a Volume in Folio in an old Hand fairly written^ it feems to have been copied by John Gray, vjho was Scribe to the General Affembly, for the Uje of Margaret Stc^vart Mr. KnoxV Wido >', for both their Names are written upon the Book. It remains, i. Treparations to Prayer drami by John Knox, it confifis of four Sheets, a. The fixth Pfalm of Divid godly exponded, it conft/ls of ten Sheets; it was written in the Tear i55'3, when ^ was leaving Eng- land J at the End of it is written at the very Point of my journey laji January iss'i, your Son with forrowful Heart ]. K. 3. TheEpifilefent to fever al Congregations in England, Ifiawand the Plaigs which fall fchortlie cum upon that Realm for refufing God's Wbrde and imbraffing Idolatrie John Knox. 4. To the faithful in London, Ncwcaftle and Berwick ; it has at the End upon my Departure from Deipe 1553, Whidder God knawit, tcc.ftgned Fohn Knox. Mr. Wodrow has alfo in his Po^ffion another Volume in Qaarfo, containing 5 1 8 Pages j upon the Title Tagc i ( written, The EpiftJcs of (0) iSlxi liv The Life of the Author. Mr. John Knox worthy to be read, (^c. And in another Hand are the following JVbrds^ This Book belonged fometime to Margaret Stewart Widow to Mr. Knoxy afterwards married to the Knight oi Fadounfide^ Sifter (he was to yames Earl of Arran, This Volume contains the following Treatifes. I. Mr. KnoxV ConfeJJion hefore the Bijhop 0/ Durham, April 4. 1550. a. His Declaration in a Sum concerning the Sacrament oj the Lord's Supper. 3. A Declaration what true Prayer is by John Knox ; it is diftinSl from the Treatifc in the other Volume^ and con/ijis of four Sheets, 4. The Expofition upon the 6th Ffalm, the fame with that in the other Volume. 5-. John Knox to the faithful in London, (jc. ibid. 6. KnoxV Admonition to the Profejfors in England ,• this is printed, 7. Certain Epiftles and Letters of the Servant of God, John Knox, fent from divers Places to his Friends and Familiars in ^efiis Chrifi. The fe JSpifiles are forty fix in Number^ written from the Tear 1553 to the Tear issi- Thus I have given an Account of all Mr. KnoxV Works-> whether in Print or Manufcript i fever al of which the diligent and learned iWr.Wo- drow, fo frequently mentioned^ refolves to publijh in his large ColkUions, concerning Mr. KnoxV Life. I fl3 all conclude this whole Narrative with the Chara^ers given of Joim by Waiters of great Note^ feveral of whom were his Contemporaries, The jirft fhall be from the learned and eloquent Mr. Thomas Smeton Principal of the College of Glafgow, who in an Account of Mr. KnoxV lafi Hours and Death-, fub joined to his Anfwer to Archibald. Hamilton 15 79, p. w^. gives this Account of him^ De quo ut vere & ingenue dicam, nefcio an unquam Deus magis pium aut majus ingenium in fragili & imbecillo corpufculo coUocavit : Ccrte fcio haud facile quen- quam inveniri poffe, in quo plura fpiritus fandti dona, in folidum 5'co^/- catiie eccleliiE gaudium illuxerint: Nemo in fubeundis animi & cor- poris laboribus minus fibi pepercitj nemo in concreditam iibi pro- vinciam intentior fuit : Nemo tamcn dum viverct odiis impioium ho- minum magis impetitus eft, & maledicorum calumniis laceratus: Quamvis ilii ca fuit animi magnitude, ut contra audentior iret : Nee fatis effe putarunt diaboli organa vivum profcindere, nifi mortuum eti- am indigne ]acerarent,CJ<^. And at the F'nd of this Treatife-,Mr. Sme- ton thus concludes his Character of him, Certe in illo redtam turn Vi- vendi tum raoricndi regulam, quamvis obloquantur prophani, DeUS nobis demonftravit. The next fliall be from the celebrated Be^a his great and intimate Friend in his Icones virorum do(5trina fimul & pietate illuftrium, print- ed 1580, where Mr. ^no^ gets the Jit Ji Place among thofe whomEeza. dejigns, Reftituti in Scotia chriflianifmi inftauratores precipui : And iie thus fpeaks of him, A quibus (Anglis foil.) ad Scotos tranfeuntibps primus occurrit magnus ille Joannes KnoxiuSy quem fi Scotormrh in vero Dei cultu inftaurando velut apoffolum quendani dixero, dixifle me quod res eft exiftimabo : And after giving a brief andfuccinSf Account of the moji remarkable Paffages of his Life^ he thus concludes, Exce- pit ^ »■■■ ■■ I — — ..^ . I» ■■■„ ■■■■,-■— ■ . ■ ■ _ — "-^ The Life of the Author. Iv pit hxc tcmpora tcmpcftas ilia horribiJis qux Knoxium inter cxtcrosGt'- ne^'am ufquc cxpulit, ubi aliq-uot annos una cum rcliquis Anglis exuli- bus maxima cum omnium virtutum Jaude vcrflitus, tandem confiJiis omnibus cum Joanne Cahino communicatis in patriam annoDom. 15- 5-9 reverfus ; incrcdibilc eft quanta divini plane fpiritus virtutp frctus, c- vangelium annunciarit^ ufquc adco vicilTim ipfiiis pictati ac dili"cnti3c favcntc numine, ut vcJut ipiius confpcftom ne idolis quidem ferentibus profligata idoloJatria, Don vcram tantum doctrinam, led etiam vcram, & ad divini verbi normam exadam difciplinam paflim turn verbis, turn reipfa ftatuerit: Ncquc voro fucrunt brevis alicujus temporis illi labo- rcs, Satana modis omnibus hoc opus impcdicntc fed tredecim totos 2inx\Q>s Edinhurgi i\.t\\\ota Chrifti fortiflimc dcpugnavit; donee corporis imbecillitate villus, anno Dom. 1572 v. idus Novembris, haud lecus quam dim 'Eradium /lugu/iinits-, ita Knoxiis Icgitimis ecclefix futfragiis libi, non in ulla gradus pfcud-cpifcopatus tyrannide, cui nicrito tuit inimiciflimus, led in evangelico minifterio una cum reliquis colle^is & presbyteris xquo prorfus jure adminiftrando, j^'oannem Lazvjoniim, fpcc- tatirtima: tum dodrinx, turn integritatis homincm fucccflorem dcfigna- tum, maxima cum gratulatione amplexus, ccclefix valediccret : Vita ad viccfimum quartum ii^(yic diem 'Decembris (a) domi in ledulo tarn pic 5^ fan^te produd^a, ut integerrima quinquaginta Septeui {b) anao- rum vita beatiffimo cxitu veluti coronata, mcrito ambigatur meliufvc vixcrir, an bcatius vitam finierit, fingukre quidem certe reliciilima; tum vi(x, tum mortis cxemplum cun6tis reliqucnt. 'The great Biographer Melchior Adamus in his vitx theologorum c\\.Qvorim makes 'Very honourable mention of Mr. Knox;/oA* thus he writes of him^ Joannem Knoxum Scotia protulit, inligne patrix fu.-e lu- men, qui in mediis & plufquam cimmeriis tencbris verbi divini lucer* ram fuis popularibus pixtulitj liibtilitate (in thcologia) abjcdta fimpli- citatem amplexus eft, quam ipfe falvator & fandli apoftoli nobis com- mcndant, fenfitquc jSco/Zc^j" argutias dodrinse legis atque evangelii ini- iriicas efle, & fophifticam iilam garrulam homini chriftiano indignam, caligine itaque omni difcufla Chriftum juftitiar folem & luccm in tenc- bris luccntem adgnovif, adoravit; edita £'dinburgi fidei confeflione clara. Fuit vir non minoris elocutionis, quam virtutis 6c elogiorum Dei pizeco conftans, atque fortis per omnem vitam. / maj add to thef'e Teftimonies above-mentioned that of Jacobus Ver- heiden in his Effigies Praeftantium theologorum qui Romanum Anti- chriftum prscipue oppugnarunt, printed Haga comitis 1602. He thus concludes the Jccount he gives of Mr. Knox, Quare hicnanquam Scotia lux, qui Chriftum mundi lucem in tarn denfis tcnebris prardicavit, me- ilto clt dicendus, iilam lucem fempcr Scoti quo confcrvarent, cenfuit ,vitae pietatem, modeftiam, humilitatem, cseterafque chriftianas virtutes ,co]endas, maximcquc excrcendas efle: Qua: tanquam optima lucis .illius nutrimenta, ecciefiaftica reqairit difciplina, quam & Scoti hodie • procurrante hoc Knoxo^ integram, illibatamque fervant: Qui quidam 'Knoxus Scotiam relinquens, ad lucem iilam Chriftum, quam anunciave- lat anno 1572. commigravit. ("^ THiiis'a miftake inSi;::/T, for he died upon the 24. of November, as is before nairated- ib) This is alfo an Error, for he lived to the 67th Year of his Age. Ivi The Life of the Author. Ijhall conclude with the Character tvhich the faithful and laborious Mr. Strype gi-ves oj Mr, Knox in his Life of JrchbtfJ.^op Parker. To thefe {mz. Mr. Haddon and Cavalerius who died 1571) I fubjoin the Death of a third Proteftant of great Fame in the Church of Scotland^ namely, ^ohn Knox Minifter of I^dinbiirgh, who died in Peace in JSlovember-t aged 6-j ; he Comforted himfelf in his laft Sicknefs by the holy Scriptures read to him, and particularly the xvii. Chapter of St. John^ and the xv. Chapter of the ift EpiftJe to the Cow??/?/^h J, which Chapters he ordered his Wife to read to him. He was the great In- ftrument of the Reformation of the Church of Scotland : But in the Days of King EdwardVl. he preached in England, firft at Berwick^ then at Neivcaftle, thence he came more Southward to London^ and at laft he was appointed one of the King's itinerary Preachers, and ia November 1552* had an Annuity of forty Pounds affigned him to be paid of the Augmentation quarterly, till he was promoted to fome Be- nefice: Being offered a Living in London he refufed it; but departing to the Parts of Buckinghamfhire^ there he preached God's Word, and upon King Edward's Death retired beyond the Sea, and came firft to Geneva^ where he remained at his private Study, until by Cahini Counfel he became fiift Preacher to the Englifh Exiles at Franchfort% who had fent for him, afterwards by reafon of his Refufal to ufe the EngUJh Book of Common Prayer, he departed with fome of the Com- pany to Genevat and there fbr a while Was Preacher to the Scots and Englijlj, ufing a new Book framed after the Order of Geneva, and al- lowed by Cahin : In Ma)/ 1559^ he returned to his own Country to forward the Reformation, where he lived to the Day of his Death ; but his violent Methods, and difloyal Behaviour towards the Qiieen of Scots is generally condemned. / have only this to remark upon Mr. Strype'j laji Words^ mthout entering into any Difpute upon that Matter^ that the tvhok Proteftant Clergy oj England had the fame Opinion of £ueen Mary of Scotland, which Mr. Knox and the tody of the Trotejiants in Scotland enter- tainedtjea Mr. Strype him/elf informs us, p. 35^ of this Life cf jirchbif^jop Parker, That the Archbifhop looked upon her as the choice Caufe of the Audacity of the Papifts, and wiflied Ihe were re- moved, tho' it were by Juflice : With the B.n^]i(h joined alfo all the foreign Proteftant Writers-, who lived at this Time, who were of the fame Sentiments zvith Mr. Knox as to this 2ueen ; fo that at leafi he tvas by no means fingular in them. I have difguifed no Part of his CondiiB, and every Body is at Liberty to judge of it as they fee Catife. Perhaps fome may find Reafon to think of him as all the Proteftants who were contemporary with him did, if others think Jit ftill to retain thefe bad Impreffions given of him by\ the Popijli Jf^riterSf his virulent Enemies^ which are repeated by fome projefTed ProteJiantSt I am afraid that all 1 could farther offer in order to remove themjhould have very little Succefs, for which Reafon I rather choofe to leave every Terfon to balance thts Matter impartially in their own Minds. Thus I have put an End to this SubjeB, hoping that any Thing I have^ advanced, Jhall give no juji Ground of Offence to the impartial Inquirers after Truth, which will at laft get the better of all Pifsuifc, and overcome ftll Oppofition made againfl it. THE THE PREFACE- To the Gentill Reidare, Graice and Teace from God the Father of our Lord fe- Jus Chri/l, with the ferpetuall Increfs of the Holy Spirit. ^ T is not unknowin (Chriftlane Readar) that the fame Cloude of Ignorance, that long hes darkned many Realmes under this accurfed Kingdome of that Romane Antichryft, had alfo fo over-coverit this pure Realme, that Idolatrie had bein man- teincd, the Bluid of Innocentis hathe bein fched, and Chrift Jefus his eternall Trueth hathe bein ab- horred, detefted and blafphemit. But that fame God that caufeth Lycht to fchine out of Darknes, in the Multitude of his Mercies, hathe of long Tyme oppinnit the Eyis of lume evin within this Realme, to fie the Vanitieof that whiche then wes uniVerfallie embraced for trew Rehgioun, and hes gcwin untothame Strenthe to oppone thamfelfes unto the fame. And now, into thefe our laft and maift corrupt Dayes, hes maid his Trueth fa to triumphe a- jnonges us, that in Defpyte of Sathane, Hypocrylie is dilclofed, and the trew worfhipping of God is manifeflcd to all the Inhabitantis of this Realme, quhois Eyis Sathane blindis not, eyther be thair filthie Luftis, or ellis be Ambitioun and unfaciabill Covetoufncfs, which mak thame'repnnge to the Power of God working by his Word. And bc- caus we ar not ignorant quhat divers Bruitis wer difperfed cf us the Pro- feflbrs The A u T H o R V Treface, feffors of Jefus Chryfte within this Realme in the Begining of oar Inter Toun*- peir) conteining Thingis done from the 58th Yeir of God till the Arrivell of the Queinis Majeftie furthe off France-^ withe the whiche the Col- leftor and Wrytter for that Tyme wes content, andn. (criptiounof Childrein, gif thai war of the Nobilitie j for the Earle of Cuf, fillisy whiche hR decei(rit jn France^ thane being bot tuelf or 1 3 Yeirs of Age, wes compellit to fub(cryve his Deithe, as him (elf didconfe(s. Immediatlie efter Dennar, the Fyre was j3repairit befoir the Aiild College^ and he led tq the Plaice of Executioun ; and yit Men fuppoifTit, that all was done bot to gif unto him a Terror, and to have cauffit him to have recantit, and have become recreant to tholTe blodie Bei(^is ; bot God, for his awin Glorie, for the Comfort of his Servant, and for Manifeftatioun of thair beiftly Tyrannie, had utherwayis de» creit : For he (b (trenthned his faythfull Witnes, that nether the l-uif pf Lyif, nor yit the Feir of that cruell Deithe culd move him a Jote to fwerVP from the Treuth once profe(rit. At the Plaice of Executioun, he gave to bi^ Servant, quha had bein Chalmer-cheild to him of a long Tyme, his Gowne, his Coit, Bonnet and fuche lyk Garmentis, faying, I'hefe will not profeit m th Fyre, thay will profeit thee ; efter this, of me thow (an receav? no Comoditiey expfpt the ExempiU of my Deithe, whiche I pray thee heir in Mynd : For albeit it b? bit' ter to the Flefche^ and feirfiill befoir Men, yit it is the Entrance unto (temdH liy>f% ^The Hijlorie of the Re/ormatioun whiche none fall pojfefs that denys Chr'ift Jefus hefoir this wickit GeKeratloun. The innocent Servand of God, being bound to the Staik in the Middis of fum Coillis fum Timber and uther Mattef apointed for the Fyre, a Trane of Powl- der was maid and fet one Fyre, quhilk gave to the bliflit Martyre of God a Giais (coarched f his left Hand, and that Syid oi his Faice, bot neyther kend- lit the Wood nor yit the CoiUis ; and fb remainit the appointed to Deathe in Torment, till that Men ran to the Caftell agane for mair Powder, and Firre Wood more abill to tak Fyre, whiche at laft being kindellit, with loude Voice he cryit, Lord Jefiis receave m\ Spirit: How lang fall Darkues overquelme this Realme ? And how lang wilt thow fuffer this 'Tirramiy of Men ? The Fyre was flowe thairfiir was his Torment the more: Bot moift of all was he greaved be certane wickit Men, among quhome Campbell the Black Freir ( of quhome we fpak befoir) was principall, quho continuallie cryit, Convert Heretyk, call upoun our Ladie, fay, Salve Regina, &C. To quhome he anfwerif, Depairt and troubill me not ye Mefftngers of Sathan. Bot quhill that the foirfaid Freir ftill roared one Thing, in grit Vehemencie, he faid unto him, Wicked Man^ thow knawis the contrarie, to me thou hes confefftt^ I appeil thee befoir the Tribiinall Salt of Chrift Jefiis. After whiche, and uther Words, which weill could not be underftaued nor marked, beyth for the Tumult and Vehemencie of the Fyre, the Witnes of Chrilt Jefus gat Viftorie, efter lang Sufferance, the lafl of February in the Yeir of God i 52/ Yeirs. Tiie faid Freir depairted this Lyif within few Dayis efter, in quhat Eftait we refer to the Manifeffatioun of the eeneral Day. Bot it was planelie knawin, that he deit in Glafgow in a Phre- nefie and as one difpaired. Now that all Men may underftand quhat was the fmgulare Eruditioun and godlie Rnawledge of the faid Mr. Patrick^ we have inferted this his litle pithie Wark, conteining his Affertiounis and De- terminatiounis concerning the Law, the Office of the fame, concerning Fayth, and the trew Fruitis thairof j firfl be the faid Mr. Patrick colledled in Latin, and efter tranflaited in Englifche. Of the Law. THe Law is a Doctrine that biddeth good, and forbiddeth Evill, as the Comandementis heir conteinit do fpecifie. '^e ten Comandementis. THow fall worfchip bot ane God. IL Thow fall mak the no Image tW worfchip it. III. Thow fall not fweir be his Name in vane. IV. Hold the Sabbothe Day holy. V. Honour thy Father and thy Mothen. VI. Thow fall not kill. VII. Thow fall not comitt Adulterie. VIIL Thow fall not fleill. IX. Thow fall beir no fals Witnes. X. Thow fall not defyre ought that belongeth to thy nychbour. He that lovethe God and his Nychbour, keipethe all the Comandementis of God. Love the Lord thy God with all thyne Hairt^ with all thy Saul, and with all thy Mynd. This is the firft and grit Comandement. The fecond is lyk unto this. Love thy Nychbour as thy felf. In thefe two Comandementis hang all the Law and the Prophetis. Be that lovethe God lovethe his Nychbour. Gif any Man fay, he lovis God, and yit hateth his Nychbour, he is a Lier : Be that lo- vethe not his Brother quhome he hath fein^ how can he love God quhome he haithe not feiii. t Sktumpled, MSS. The 8vP, and other printed Copies have Scmcbed. of Kdigtom tn the Realme of Scotland. few. He that loveihe his Nychbour as himfclf, keipeth the haill Comande. mentis of God. ^hatfoever that ye -xaU that Men JckU do lo/to yo-va^ eviv fo do ye unto thame ; for this is the Law and the Propheitis. He that lovit his Nych- bour filfillil the Law ; Ihow fall not comitt Adulterie^ Ihavo fall not kill^ 7e. And among uther Things he tauld fuch a mirrie Bourde : Thair was, laid he, a Prelate, or at leift a Prelattis Pere, a trew Servant to* the King ot Love, quho upoun a Nycht efter Supper, asked at his Gcntill-' men, be the Fa>th that thai aucht to the Ring of Love, that thai fbuld trew* lie declair how money findrie Women eny ane of thame have had, and how mony of thame war Mennis Wyifis. Ane anfwerit, he had lyne with fyve, and two of thame war marryed. The uther anfwerit, I have had levin, and thrj of thame are maryed. It cam at laft to my Lord himfelf, who macking verie nyce for a litill fpaice, gave in the end an plane ConfcfTioun, and laid, I am the youngeft Man, and yit have I had the round Defbun, and fevin of thame ar Mennis Wyiffis. Now, (aid the Freir, this God and Ring of Love to quhom our Prelattis makis Homage, is the Mail^er Devill of Hell, frome quhome fuche Fruittis do proceid. This Prelat was knawin be his proper T> kins to have bein Pryor Patrick Heplninie^ now Bifchop o( Murray, quho to rhis Diy hes continued in the ProfefTioun, that he anis maid to his God and Ring of Love. It was fbppofed notwithfhnding this Rynd of Preiching, that this Freir remainit Papifl in his Hairt, for the reft of the Freirs feiring to lois the Benediftiouns of the Bifchopis, to "jjit, thair Malt and thair Meill, and thair uther apointed Penfiouns, caulTit the Freir to flie to Ii/g/aiiJ, quhair for De- fence of the Paip and Papiftrie, he was imprifonit at Ring Haryis Comand j bot fo it pleifit God to oppin the Mouth of Bakames awin AlTe, to cry out a- gainis the vitious Lyifs of the Clergie of that Age. Schort efter this, new Con- fultatioun was takin that flim fbuld be burnit, for Men began verie liberallie to fpeik. A mirrie Gentilman namit Jobae LhtJefay, Familiar to EiCchope Jiinies Beatottn^ (landing by quhen Confultation was had, (aid, My Lore/, gif ye burnt any Man^ except ye follow my Counfuill, ye will utterlie diftroy your Jelfis ; gif ye will hurne thame, lat thame be burnit in how Sellaris, for the Reik of Mr. Pa- trick Hamitoun hes infeflit ah mony as it did hlaw upoun. This it pleifit God, that they (buld be tauntit in thair awin Faces. But heir foUowis the moift mirrie of all. Satidie Furrour, quho had bein imprifbned fevin Yeirs in the Tour of Liindone, Sir Jolme Dungwell, according x.o the Charitie ot Rirkmen, interteinit his Wyiff, and waiftit the poor Manis Subftance ; for the whiche Cau(s, at his returning, he fpak moir liberalie of Preiftis than thai could beir, and fo wes he delaittit to be accufed of Herefie, and call it to his Anfwer to St. Androifs. He lap up mirralie upoun the Scaffald, and carting a Gamound, faid, Quhair ar the reli of the Playeris ? Mr, Andrew Oliphante offendit thair- with feid, Zf fal be no Play to yowy Sir, befoir ye depart e ; and fo began -o reid Da his 1 6 The Hijtone of the Reformatioun Lib. I. his Acculatioun. The firft Artickle quhairof wes, 'J'hat he defpyttit the Mefs. His Anfwer was, / heir mo Meffis in eight Dayis^ then thre Bifchopis thair fitting fayis in a Teir. Accuftd (ecoundlie, J^or Contemptioun of the Sacramentis. The PreifiiSi (aid he, was the moift comoun Contemnars of Sacramentis^ and efpecialie of Matoimonie ; and that he witneflit be many thair pre(ent of the Preiftis, and namit the Menis Wyiffis with quhonie tiiey had medlit, efpeciahe Sir Johne Dimgweil!^ quho had levin Yeirs togither abufit his awin Wyift, and confumed his Subftance. And fayis, Becaufe I complein of fick Injuries^ I am heir fiimond and accufftt^ as ane that is worthie to he burnit : For Godis Cawfs^ (aid he, will ye tak Wyiffis of your awin^ that I and uthefr quhais IVyiffis ye have abuiffit^ may, be revengit upoun yow. Than Bifchope Gawane Dunhar^ namit the auld Bilchope of Abirdein^ thinking to ju(^ifie himfelf betoir the pepiU, (aid, Carle, thow fait not know my Wyif. The (aid Alexander anfwer it. My Lord, ye ar to auld, hot •with the Graice of God, I fall drink with your Docker hefoir I depairt. And thairat was fmyling of the '-efl, and loude Lauchter of fum ; for the Bifchope had a D )chter marryit with Androvo Balfour in that fame Town. Thane the Bifchopis bad, Away with the Carh. Bot he anfwerit, Nay, I will not depairt this Hour, for I have more to fpeik againft the Vyces of Prei/iis, than lean exprefs this haill Day. And fb efter divers Purpofes, thei comandit him to burne his Bill ; and he demanding the Caufs, they faid, Becaufs ye have Ipokin thefe Artickles quhairof yow ar accufed. His Anfwer was. The mekill Devil heir thame away, that frji and lafi fpak thame. And fa he tuk the Bill, and chawing it, he efierward fpat it in Mr. Andrew Oliphantis Face. Saying, Now, burne it or drown it, whether ye will, ye fall heir no moir of me ; bot I muili have ftmquhat of everie ane of yow, to begin my Pack againe, quhilk a Preift and my IVyfe, a Preiftis Hure hes fpende. And fa every Prelat and riche Preifl, glaid to be quyte of his evill, gave him fumquhat, and fb depairtit he ; 'or he underftoode nothing of Religion. Bot fo feirfull it was to fpeik any thing againfl Preifts, that the leifl Worde fpokin againfl thame, yea albeit it war fpoken in a Mans Sleip, was judgit Herefie ; and that was praftifit upoun Rychard Carmihill, yit alyve in Fyte, who being young and a Singer in the Chapell Royall of Stirling, hapnit in his Sleip to fay. The Devill tak away the Preiftis, for thai ar a gredie Pack. He was thairfoir acculTit be Sir Johne Clappertoun T)Sm of the faid Chapell, was compellit thairfoir to burne his Bill. Bot God fchort efter rayflit up againft thame flronger Championnis. For Alexander Seytoun, a black Freir of gude Leirning and Effiniatioun, began to tax the corrupt Duftrine of the Papiftrie. For the Spaice of a whole Lent, he taucht the Comandimentis of God onelie, ever beatten in the Eiris of his Auditours, 'Jhat the Law of God had of many Yeirs not hein trewlie taucht ; for Mennis Traditiouns had obfcurit the Puritie of- it, Thefe wer his accuflomed Propofitiouns. Firfl, Chrifl Jefus is the End and PerfeHioun of the Law. 2d. Thair is no Sin quhair God's Layt is not violated. 3d. To fatisfye for Synnes, lyis not in Mannis Power, bot the Remifsiom thairof cumetfie he unfenyeit Repentance, and the Fayth apprehending God the Father mercy ~ full in Chryfi Jefus his Sone. Whill oftentymes he puttis Auditours in Mvnd of thefe and the lyk Heidis ; he maks no Mentioun of Purgatorie, Pardones, Pilgrimages, Prayers to Sanftis, nether of fuche Triffilles: The dum Df ftours, and the refl of that foirfworne Rabill, began to fufpedt him , and yit thei faid nothing publicklie till Lent was endit, and he pafTit to Dundie; and thane in his Abfence, hyred for that Purpois, opinlie condemned the hclie D ftrine, •whiche befoir hehaid taucht, whiche cuming to his Eiris, the faid Freir A- lexander ,iB. I. of Religiotinin Scotland. 17 hsander thane being in Dimdie, without Delay he returned to St. Andro'tfi^ cauffit immcdiatlie to jow the BcII, and to give Significatioun that he wald rreiche, as that he did indeid,in the wliiche Sermone he affirmed, and that more phnelie than at any uther Tyme, whatfoevcr he had taucht in all his Scr- mens befoir the hole Lent tyde preceiding. Adding, " That within Scotland *' thair war no trew Bilchoppis, gif that Bifchopis fouid be knawin be ficl; *' Noccsand Vertewis, as Sanft /'j/r// rcquycres in Bifchopis." This Dclaciouri flew with Winges to the Bifchopis Eirs, quho, but farder Delay, fend for the faid Frier Alexander^ quho began greavouflie to complain, and icharplie to ac- cufe that he had fo flanderouflie fpokin of the Dignitie of Bifchopis, as to (ay, ^ belt that thefe notable Men did nevir efter ( Mr. Johne Fyfe onlie excepted ) <;omfort this Cuntrey with thair bodelie Prefence ; yit maid he thame fruftifie in his Churche, and rayfid thame upe Lychtis out of Darknes, to the Prays ©f his awin Mercy, and to the juft Condemnatioun of thame that thane reul- lit IB. I. o/KcltgioHH in Scotland. m lit, towtt^ of the King, Counfaill andNobilitie, yea of the hole Pepill, quho furtl-rit fuchc notable Perfonagcs, without Crymes comitted, to be injulllie per- fecutit, and Co exyled j utheris ctter wer even lb entrcitit : Bot of thame wc fall fpeik in thair awin Place. No foner gat the Bifchopis Opcrtunitic ( whiche alwayis thay focht ) bot fa (one renewit they the Eattell againft Jeftis Chrift; for the foirfaid leprous Bifchopc, in the Yeir of God i;34 Yeirs caufit to be fumond Sir irilliam Kirk, Adawe jDnyis, Hemie Cannes, Johns Ste-juart Indwellaris of Leytlr, with divers utheris, luch as Mr. JVilliain Johnftoim Ad~ vocaf, M. HenJrie Hendcrfoni! Scoolma'illcr of Edinburgh, of quhom fum com- peirit in the Abbay Kirk of Hnlayrudboits, and fo abjured and publiftlie brunt thair Billis, utheris compeirit not, and thairfore wasexylled; but in Judgement producit two, to wit, David Stratoim a Gentillman, and Mr. Nonmme Go^jjrlaija a Man of rcfonabill Eruditioun, of quhome we man (chortlie fpeik. In Mai- fter NorHWWt- appeared Knowledg, albeit joyned with Waiknes; Bot in David Slraytomi could oneli^bc efpyed, for the firrt, Haitrent againil the Pryd and A- varicioufnefs of Preiftis; for the Caus of his Delatioun was, he had maid to himfelfa Fifche-bote to go to the Sie^ the 'Bifchopc of Murray, thane bein^ Pryor of St. Androis, and his Faftors urged him for the Teind thairof- His Anfwer was, Gif thai 'walld have I'eiud thairof, 'xhiche his Servandts -jjaiie m the Sie, it war hot Reaffoiiethui fould cumand receveit,quhair he gat the St ok- and (b as was conftantlie affirmed, he caufTit his Servandis cai^ the Tenth Fifche in the Sie agane. Proces of Curfing wes leid againft him, for not Payment of fuche Comandis, whiche when he contemned, he wes delaitit to anfwer for Herefie. It troublit him vehementlie ; and thairfoir he began to frequent the Cumpanie of fuche as war godlie; for befoir he had bein a Man verie ftub- burne, and one that diipyflit all reiding ^cheiflie of thofe Thingis that War god- lie) bot miracoulouflie as it ware, he appeirit to be changit; for he deiyttic in nothing bot in reiding ( albeit himfelf culd not reid ) and was ane vehe- ment Exhorter to all Men to Concord, to Quietnes, and to the Contempt of the Warld : He frequentit muche the Cumpanie of the Laird of Duti, quhom God, in thefe Dayis, had mervelouflie illuminated. Upoun a Day, as the Laird of Louriftowi, who yit levis, than being ane young Man, was reiding unto him upoun the New Teftament, in a certane quiet Plaice in the Feilds as God had apointit, he chancit to reid thefe Sentences of our Maifter Chrift Jefus ; He that denyis me befoir Men, or is a/chamit of me in the middis of this •wickit Generatioun, I -jciU deny him in the Prefence of my Father, and before his AngeUis. At whiche Wordis, he (uddanlie being as ane ravefchit, caft him- felf upoun his Kneis, and extending bothe Handis and Vifage conftantlie to the Heavin a reftbnabill Tyme, at lenthe he burft furth in thefe Wordis O Lord, I have bein wicked, and juftUe may thow abftra^ thy Graice frome w/^ ; But, Lord, for thy Mercies Saik, lat me nevir deny thee, nor thy "treuthis, for feir of peyih or corporal! Pains. The Ifchew declaired that his Prayer was not vain, tor quhen he with the foirfaid Mr. Normond wes producit in Jugemcnt in the Abbey of Halyrudehous, the King himfelf fall cled in reid) being pre. fent, grit Labours was maid, that the faid David Siratoun fould have recan. tit, and fould have brunt his Bill : But he evir ftanding at his Defence al' leging that he had not offendit, in the End was adjugit to the Fire, and than when he perfaved the Danger, askit Graice at the King, whiche he wald wij. linglie have grantit unto him ; the Bifchopis proudlie anfwerit, That the Kingis' Handis wer bound in thatCaice, and that he had no Graice to gif to fuche as ^ be 22 TheHiftorieoftheKeformatioun Lib. I. be thair Law wer condemned. And (b was he, with the (aid Mr. Normandy efter Dinner, upoun the 27. Day of Aiguji, the Yeir of God 1534 foirfaid, led to a Plaice befyid the Roode ofGrehifyld; and thair thai two war bayth hangit and brunt, according to the Mercy of the Papifticall Churche. To that (ame Diet wer fumondit, as befbir we have (aid, uthers of quhome fbme efcaipit in England^ and (b for that pre(ent efcaipit the Deith. This thair Tyrannic, notwithflanding, the Rnawledge of God did wondrouflie encres within this' Realme, pairtlie be reiding, pairtlie be brotherlie Conference, wh'che in thefe dangerous Dayis wes ufed to the Comfort of mony ; bot cheiflie be Marchantis and Marineris, who frequentting uther Cuntreys, hard the trew Doctrine aflfirmif, and the Vanitie of the Papifticall Religioun oppinlie rebui- kit : Among quhome war Dunctie and Leyth Principalis, againis quhom was maid ane verie ftrait Inquifitioun be David Beatoim crewell Cardinall. And divers wer compellit to abjure and burne thair Billis, (bme in St. Androh, and fbme at Ed'inhurghe. About the (ame Tyme Captane 'h)hm Borihmck was brunt in Figure, bot be Godis Providence efcaipit thair Furie. And this was done for a Speftacle, and Triumphe to Marie of Lorane, laitlie arryved fra France^ as Wyif to Ring Jrtw/f j the fy(t Ring of JVo^//'x ; "What Plagues (che brocht with hir, and how thai yit continew, (uche as are not blind may ma- nifeftlie fie. The Rage of the(e bloodie Beiftis proceidit (b far, that the Ringis Court efcaipit not the Danger ; for in it divers wer (u(pe6i:ed, and fum accufed. And yit evir ftill did fum Lycht burft furth in the middis of Dark- nes ; for the Treuthe of Chrift Jedis enterit evin in the Clofteris alfweill of Freirs as of Monks and Chanonis. Johne Lin a gray Freir, left his hypo- critical! Habite, and the Den of tho(e Murthereris, the gray Freiris. Ane blak Freir, callit Freir Kyllor^ fet furth the Hiftorie of Chriftis PafTioun in Forme of a Play, quhilk he bayth preiched and praftifed in Striveling oppinlie, the Ring himfelf being prefent upoun a Gud-Friday in the Morning, in the whilk all Thingis wer (b lyvelie exprefTit, that the veray fimple Pepill under- ftude and confefTit, That thePreiftis and abftinat Pharifeis perfwaidit the Pe- pill to refuis Jefus Chrift, and cauffii Pylat to condemne him ; (a did the Bif^ chopis, and Men callit religious, blind the Pepill, and perdiadit the Princes and Judges to perfecute fick as profefs Chrift Jelus his blelTit Evangel!. Tliis plain (peiking lb enflamit the Hairtis of all that buir the Beiftis Mark, that thai ceiffit not, till that the Freir Ay^^r, and with him Freir Baverage, Sh* Duncane Symefouney Robert Forreftar ane Gentilman, and Dean Thomas Forrat Channon regular and Vicar of Dolour^ ane Man of uprycht Lyif, who alto- gither wer cruellie murthered in an Fyre, upoun the Caftill-htU the laft of Fe- bruary the Yeir of God 1538. This Crueltie wes uflTit be the (aid Cardinell, the Chancellar, the Bifchope of Glafgow, and the inceftuous Bifchope of Dim- llane. Efter that this Crueltie wes ufTit in Edinburgh upoun the Caftell-hill, to the Effeft that the reft of the Bilchopis mycht (chaw thamefelves no les fer- vent to fuppres the Lycht of God, then he of St. Androis was, warapprehen- dit two of the Diocie ofGlafgow^ the ane namit Hieronymus Rujfell^ a Cordl- lier Freir, a young Man of a meik Nature, quick Spirit, and of gude Let- teris ; and ane ^(f;/ww;-«;/w, thairwar fund with him iSooo able Men. Upoun the Borders that waittit upoun the Inglifche Armie wer ten thoufand Men, with Eirle of Huiilhe, Loidis ^Eiskh,, Scyton and Home. Thefe wer juged Men anew to hafard Battell, albeit the urhcr war e- fteimed 40000. Quhill the King lyis at ri?A/,abyding upoun the Gunis, an4 upoun Adverteifment from the Armie; The Lords beginnes to remember how the King had bein lang abufiit by his Flatterers, and principallie be the Pen- fioneris of the Preiftis : It was anes concludir, that thai wald mak fume new Remembrance of Lauder Brig, to fie gif that wald, for a Sea/bun fum- quhat helpe the Eftait of thair Countrcy ; bot becaus the Lords could not af^rie among thame felfis, upoun tlie Perfones that delerved Punifchmcnt (for everie Man favoured his Freind ) the hole efchaiped : And the Purpois -ives opined unto the King, and by him to the Courteouris, quho efter that, till they came to Edinburgh^ ftude in no littill Feir; bot that was fuddandlie fbryef as we fall efter heir. Quhill Tyme is this protrafted, the higlifche Armie, for Scair- fitie of Viftualls ( as wes bruited ) reteitis thame over TwwV/ upoun the Nycht, and (a bcginis to fkaill, quhairof the King adverteifit, def^-ris the Lords and Barownes toafTit him, to follow thame in Ingland. Quhais Anfwer was with ane Confent, That to defend bis Peifoini and Realme, thay '•jcald hazcirJ Lyif and quhatjoever thay had; bot to invaid Ingland, neyther had thay Co juji Titill as thay defyred; nether y'lt coiddthay be then abUl to do ony Thing to the Hurl of Ingland, confidering that thay had lang befoir bein abfent from thair Houfes ihair Pro-v'rfwun ivas Jpent^ thair Hors -iveryed^ and that quhilk was gritteft of all the Tyme of the IVir did ntterlie reclame. This thair Anfwer (eamit to fatisfis the King, for he in Wordis prayfTit thair prudent Foirlycht and wyle CounlaiH. Bot the Mint maid tohisCourteours,and that bald Repulfe of hisDefj'ris gevii> to him in his awinFaice, Co woundit his proud Hairt ( for long had he rouno- as himfelf lift ) that he decreed a notable Revenge, quhilk no dout he had not failed to have executed, gif God be his awin Hand had not cuttit the Cordis of hislrapietie. He returns to £<^/Wv/r^^£', the Nobilitie, Barones, Gentilmcn and Comounis to thair awin Habitatiounes. And this was the fecound and thrid Dayis of November. Without longer Delay, at the Palice of HaJyrudhous was a new Counlaill conveinit, a Counlaill we mein of his Abuflers quhair- in war Accufatiounis laid againft the maift Parte of the Nobilitie; fum war Heretyckis, (urn Favourars of ///^Arw^, fum Freindisto the Douglis^ and fa could thair be none faythfuU to the King, in thair Opinioun. The Cardinell and the Preiftis caftis Faggotis in the Fyre, with all thair Force ; and finding the King hoUe adift to thair Devotioun, deliverit to him ane Scrolle, conteining the Names of fick as thay in thair Inquifitioun had convifl for Heretykes • for this was the Ordour of Juftice, quhilk thofe holie Fatheris keipt in damning of innocent Men. Quhofoever wald delait anie 6f Herefie, he was hard : No Re- fpeft nor C^onftderatioun had what Mynd the Delatours bair to the Perfoun de- lated ; quhofoever war producit for Witnefs wer admitted, how fufpicious and infame that evir thay war ; gif two or thre had proven anie Point, that by thair Law was haldin Herefie, that was ane Heretyck : Refted no moir bot a Day to be affixt to his Condemnation, and to the Executioun of thair corrupt Sentence. What Man could be innocent, quhair fick Judges wer Partie, the Warld may this Day confidder : Trew it is, by fals Judgment and fals Witnefs, have G a Inno. 28 The Ht/lorie of the Reformatwun Lib. L Innocentis be in opprefled from the Beginning. Bot this Fredome to (chad innocent Bloode gat nevir the Devill bot in the Kingdome of Antichryft, That the Innocent fould die, and nether know Accufator, nor y'lt the IVitneJs that teftifyit againfi him. Bot how fall the Antichrift be knawin, gif he (all not be contrarious to God the Father, and his Sone Chrift Jefus, in Law, Lyif and Doftrine ? But this we omit. The lame Scrolle had the Cardinell and Pre- lattis once prelentit to the Ring befoir that Tyme he returned fl-om the Na- vigatioun about the Yllis. Bot then it wes refuifTit, by the proudent and ftout Counfaill of the Laird of Grange, quha opinit cleirlie to the King the Pradeis of the Prelatis, and the Danger thairof mycht enfew, quhilk confiderit be the King ( for being out of his Paflioun he was tractable ) gave this An- (wer in the Palace of Halyrudhous, to the Cardinall and Prelattis, efter that thay had uttered thair Malice, and fchew quhat Proffeit mycht aryift to the Crown, gif he wald follow thair Counfaill : Pack yow JofrelUs, get ye to your Chair^es, and reform your awin Lyiffis, and be not Inftruments of Difcord, hetmx my Nohilitie and me \ or ellis I -vow to God, 1 fall reforme yow, not as the King of Denmark hy Imprifonment does, neyther yit as the King of Ingland baith by hang- ing and heiding : Bot I fall reforme yow be fchairp ^hingeris, gif evir I heir fuche Motioiin of yow agane. The Prelatis dafcht and aftonifchit with this Aniwer^ cealTed for a Seafoun to attempte anie farder, by Rigour againfi the Nobilitie ; bot now being mformed of all Proceidingis by thair Penfioners, Oliver Simlarey Rofs Laird of Cragie, and utheris, who war to thame fayfhfull in all Things ; they conclude to hazard once agane thair former Suit, quhilk was na fbner proponit, bot als fbne it was accepit, with na fmall Regrait maid be the Kingis awin Mouth, that he had fb long defpyifTit thair Counfaill: For, faid he, mw I ph'mlie fie your fVordis to be trow, the Nobilitie nether defyris my Honour nor Con- tinuance \ for thay ixald not ryid a Myill for my Plefour to follow my Enemies. Will ye thair fair find , me the Meanis, how that I may have Raid maid in Ing- land without thair Knawledge and Confent, that may be known to be my awin Raid; and I fall bind me to your Counfaill for evir. Thair concurrit togither A hah and his fals Propheitis, thair was Gratulatiounis and Clapping of Hands, thair was Promeifs of Diligence, Clofenefs, of Fidelitie, finallie Conclufioun was takin, that the Weft Border of Ingland, quhilk wes maift emptie of Men and Garinfching, fould be invaidit ; the Kingis awin Banner fbuld be thair. Oliver the grit Minioun fbuld be grit Lieutenent. Bot no Man fbuld beprivie ( except the Counfaill that was thair then prefent ) of the Interpryifs, till the verray Day and Executioun thairof The Bifchopis glaidlie tuke the Chairge of that Rade ; Letters war fent to fick as thai wald charge, to meit the King, Day and Plaice apointed. The Cardinall, with the Earle of Jrrane wsir direfted t6 go to Hadingtoun, to mak a Schew againft the Eift Border, quhen the uther war in Redines to invaid the M^eft : And this nether lacked Counfail, Pra6teife, Clofnes nor Diligence to fet forward that Interpryis ; and fb amonges thofe Confulters thair was na doubt of a guide Succes, and fa was the Scrolle thank- fuUie receavit be the King himfel^ and put in his awin Pocket, quhair it re- mained to the Day of his Deyth, and than was fundj in it wes conteinit mo than ane hundreth landit Men, befyidis utheris of meaner Degre, amongis quhome was the Lord Haumiltoun, then fecound Perfbun of .the Realme, delait- ed. Jt was bruited, that this Raid was devyifTit be the Lord Maxwell, but the Certantie thairof we have not. The Nycht befoir the Day apointed to the JEnterpryis, the King was fund at Lowmaban: To hiin cumis Cumpanyis from IB. I. of Rcligioun in Scothnd. 29 from all Quarters, as thai war apointed ; no Man knawing of ane uth'ei' ( for no general Proclamatioun part, but privie Letters J nether yit did the Mulri- tud know anie Thing of the Purpois, till efter Midnycht, quhill that the Trumpettis blew, and comandit all Men to marche fordward, and to follow the Ring fwho was conftantlie fuppoifed to be in the Hoft; j Guydcs war a, pointed to conduft thame toward IngfanJ, as bothe faythfullie and cloirche they did. Upouh the Point of Day, they aprochit to the Inemies Ground, ahd fo pafTit the Watter without anie grit Refiftance maid unto thame. The Forray gais fiirth, Fyre ryilTis, Heirfcheip rliycht have bein fein one everie Syid : The unprovydit Pepill war altogether amafed ; for brycht Day appeiring, thay (awe ane Armie of ten thousand Men, thair Comes and Houfes one everit Syid fend Flambes of Fyre unto the Hevins. To tham it was more than a Wonder that fuche a Multitude could have bein airemblit and convoyed no Knowledge thairof cuming to any of thair Wardancs: For SuppDrt thay luikit not, and fa at the firlt thay war utterlie difpaired. And yit began thay to af- femble togither, ten in one Company, twentie in ane uther ; and fo as the Fray proceidit, thair Troupis increfTit ; bot t6 no Number ( tor Carleill teirins: to have bein alTaultit, fuflferit no Man to efchew out of thair Yettis ) and fa the griteft Number, that evir apeirit or aprochit before the Difcomfiture part not thre or four hundreth Men ; and yit thay maid hate Skirmishing, as in thair awin Ground, in fick Feates thay ar maift expert : About ten Hours quhen Fyris war kendlir, and almaift llocknit one everie Syid, thoicht 0/rl ver Tyme to fchew his Glorie, and fo incontinent was difplayed the Kinsis Baner, Oliver upoun Speiris lift up upoun Menis Shoulders, and thair with Sound of Trumpet, was he proclamit Generall Lovetenent and all Men comandit to obey him, as the Kingis awin Perfouti under all heift Painis. Thair was prelent the Lord Maxwell "Warden, to quhom the Regiment of Thingis in Abfens of the King properlie aperteinit ; he hard and ftw all boc thoicht mair nor he fpaik. Thair was alfo prefent the Earles of Glencairne and Caffilles, with the Lord Fleming, and mony uther Lordis, Baronis and Gentilmen of Loiithiane, Fyje^ Angus and Merms. In this mein Tyme did the Skirmifching growe gritter than it was befoir; Schoutis were hard one everie Syid, (um Scottifch Men war ftrikin doun, fum not knowing the Ground layrit, and tint thair Hors. Sum hgUfche Hors of Purpois was lattin lous to provok gredie and improudent Men to proik at thame, as mony did bot fand na Advantage. Quhill fick Difbrdour ryiflit mair and mair in the Armie Men cryit in everie Fare, My Lord Loivetementy quhat 'will ye do? Chairge w-as gevin, that all Men fould lycht, and go to Array • for thay wald fecht it. Utheris cryit, Jgainis quho7ne wll ye fecht ? yon Men -jvill feck no uther wayis than ye fie thame do^ if ye "oiill ft and heir quhill the Morne. New Purpois was tain, that the Futemen ( thay had with thame certane Bandis of Futemen SouldeorsJ fbuld foftlie reteir towardis Scotland, and the Horfmen fculd tak thair Hors again, and fa follow in Ordour. Greit was the Noyis and Confii- fioun that was hard, quhill everie Man callit his awin Sloghorne: The Day •was neir (pent, and that was the Caus of the grittef^ Feir, The Lord Mcix- •well perceaving quhat wald be the End of fick Eeginningis, flude upoun his Fute with his Freindis, quha being admonifchit to tak his Hors, and pro. vyd for himfelf ; anfwerit. Nay, I •will rather alyd heir the Chance that it (all fleis God to fend me, than to ga Hame, andthun he hangit. And fa he remainit iipcun his FutCj and was tane, quhill the Multitud fled, and tuJc the gritter H Schamr. 30 \l he Htjtorie of the Re/ormatioun Lib. I. Schatne. The Enemies perceving the Difbrdour, Increffit in Curage : Befbir thay (choutit, bot than thay ftruke : They (chot Speiris, and daggit Arrowis quhair the Cumpaneis war thickeft: Sum Rencounteris wer maid, bot nathing availlit: The Souldiours caift fra thame thaire Pickis, Culveringis, and uther Weaponis fenfibill ; the Horfmen left thair Speiris; and fa without Jugement all Men fled: The Sey was filland, and fa the Watter maid gritStope. Bot the Feir was fick, (a that happie was he mycht get a Taker, Sick as paflit the Watter, and efchaippit the Danger, not Weill acquaintit with the Ground, fell into the Sollen MoCs ; the Entrie thairof was plefant aneuche, bot as they proceidit, all that tuk that Way outher tint thair Hors, or ellis thame felfis and Hors bayth. To be (chort, a gritter Feir and Difcomfitour without Caus has (eldome bein fein ; for it is faid, ^hat quhair the Men war not fuffident to tak the Hands of Prifoneris^ fome ran to Houfes and randertt thamefelfis to IVomen. Sfoute Oliver was tane without Straik, fleing full manfuUie, and (a was his Glorie (ftinking and foolifche Proudnes we Ibuld call it) fuddenlie turnit to Confufioun and Schame. In that Difcomfitour war tain the two Earles foir- laidis, the Lordis Fleiningy Somerwell, and mony uther Barrones and Gentilmenj befyidis the grit Multitud of Servands. Warldlie Men fay, That all this come bot be the Mifbrdour and Fourtoun, as thay terme it. Bot quhafbever has the leafl Spounk of the Rnawlege of God, may as evidentlie fie the Wark of his Hand in this Difcomfitour, as evirwas fein in ony of the Battellis left to us in Regifler be the Holy Gaifl, For quhat mair evident Declaratioun have we that God faucht aganis Benhadade King of Haram, quhen he was diC comfited at Samaria^ than that we have that God faucht with his awin Arm againft Scotland. In this former Difcomfitour, thair did twa hundreth and thrfcttie Perfbnis in the Skirmifche, with fevin thoufand following thame in that grit Battell, put to Flight the faid Benhadade with threttie Ringis in his Cumpanye : Bot heir thair is, in this fchamefull Difcomfitour of Scotland^ ver- rie few mae than thre hundreth Men, without any Knawlege of any Backe or Battell to follow, put to Flight ten thoufand Men, without anie Refiftence : Thair did everie Man rencounter his Marrow, till that the 230 flew fick as matchit thame ; bot heir without Slauchter the Multitude fled. Thair had thay of Samaria the Propheit of God to comfort, to inftruft, and to promeis Viftorie unto thame ; bot Ingland^ in that Perfute, had nothing bot as God fecreitlie wrocht be his Providence in thefe Men that knew nothing of his Working, nether yit of the Caufs thairof, mair than the Wall that fell upon the reft of Benhadadis Armie knew what it did. And thairfbir yet agane we fay, that fick as in that fuddane Dejeftioun beholdis not the Hand of God fechting aganis Pryde, for Fredome of his awin lytill Flock injuftlie perfecutir, dois willinglie and maliciouflie obfcure the Glorie of God. Bot the End thair- of is yit mair notable. The certane Knowlege of the Difcomfitour cuming to the Ringis Eiris ( quha waittit upoun Newis at Lochmahin ) he was (Iruckin with ane fuddane Feir and Aftonifchment, fa that fcairflie could he fpeik, or hald Purpois with any Man ; the Nycht confh-aynit him to remane quhair he was, and fa went to Bed ; bot rais without Reft or quiet Sleip. His conti- nuell Complaint was, Och ! fled Oliver } Is Oliver tane ? Och! fled Oliver? And thay Wordis in his Melancholic, and as it war caryit away in a Trance, repeatit he frome Tyme to Tyme to the Hour of his Deyth. Upoun the Morne, whiche was Sanft Katherinis Day, retumit he to Edinlnrgh^ and fa did the Cardinell from Haddintoun, Bot the ane beand efchamit of the uther, the Lib. I. of Religioun in Scotland. 31 the Brute of their Comunicatioun came not to publift Audience. The King maid Invcntoris of his Fois, of all his Jewells and uthcr Subftance : And thairefter efchamit to luik ony Man in the Fais, fecreitlie departit to Fyje^ and cuniing to the Hallyards was humainlie reflavit of the Ladie of 6V«;;gc,ane antient and godlic Matrene (the Laird at his cuming was ablent.) In his Cumpany was only with him JVilltam Kirkaldie^ now Laird of Grange^ and fiim uther that waytit upoun his Chalmer. The Ladie at Supper, perlaving him pen- five beganc to comfort him, and willed him to tak the Wark of God in gud Parte. My Porttoun of this PVarU^ (aid he, is Jchorte^ for I imll not be -xith you I / Dayis. His Servand repaired unto him aflcing, Quhair he wald have Provifion maid for his i «;//, quhilk than aprochit ? He anfwerit, with a dif. dainfijil Smyirk, / cannot tell, cbufe ye the Plaice ; but this I can tell you, or Vulle-Z)fl> ye will be Maifterkfs, and the Realme •without a King. Becaus of his Difplefur, no Man durft mak Contradiciioun unto him. Sa efter he had vifitit the Caftell of Carney, perteining to i\xe Erie of Craufiirde, quhair the (aid Erie'* Dochter was, ane of his Huiris, he returnit to Falkland, and tuk Bed. And albeit thair apearit unto him na Signs of Deyth, yit he conftantlie affirmit, Be- foir fick a Day I fal be deid. In this mein Tyme was the Quein, upoun the Point of hir Deliverie in Linlythgovj, quha was deliverit the aucht Day of De- cember, in the Yeirof God 1/42 Yeiris, of A/u/vf that then wes borne, and now dois rigne for a Plague to this Realme, as the Progres of hir haill Lyif had to this Day declars. The Certaintie that a Dochter was borne unto him^ cuming to his Eris, he turnit frome fick as fpak with him, and faid, Ihe Devill ga with it, it -will end as it begane ; ;/ come frome a fVoman, and it "jiill end in a Woman. Efter that he fpak not monyWordis that war (enfibill. Bot evir he harpit Upoun this auld Sang. Fy! fled Oliver? // Oliver tane? All is loft. In this mein Tyme, in his gritte(l Extremitie,cumis the Cardinall, ane apt Comforter for ane difpcrat Man. He cryis in his Eir, 'tak Ordottr, Sir, with the Realme. ^ho fall reulle. Sir, during the Minority of your Dochter ? Ye have hia-TJuin my Service, qnhat "will ye have done ? Sail thair jwt be four Regentis chofenf And fall not I be Principall of thame ? Quhatfoevir the King anfwerit, Documentis war tarie, that (a fould be as my Lord Cardinall thoucht expedient. As mony affirme, a deid Manis Hand was maid to fubfcryve ane Blank, that thay mycht wryte above it quhat pleifit thame belt. This finifched, the Cardinell poiftit to the Quein, laitlie deliverit, as (ayd is ; at the firft Sycht of the Cardinell fohe (aid. Welcome^ tny Lord, is not the King deid ? Quhat muiffit hir to conjeftour, divers Men ar of divers Jugments; mony quhifper that of auld his Parte wes in the Potte, and that the Sufpicioun thairof caufit him to be inhibit the Queinis Cumpanie : Howfoevir it was befoir, it is plane, that efter the Ringis t)eyth, and during the Cardinallis Lyif, quho(bevir gydit the Court, he gat his feaeit BefTmefs fped of that gracious Ladie, outher be Day or be Nychf. Howfoevir the Tydingis lykit hir, (che mendit with al(e grit Expeditioun of that Dochter as evir fche did befoir of ony Sone that evir Iche bairj the Tyme of hir Purificatioun was foner than the Leviticall Law apointis f. •Hie Nr'yfe of the Deyth of King James divulgat, quha departit this Lyif the i8. Day of December, the Yeir of God 1/42 foirfaid, the Hairtis of all Men began to be difcloifit. All Men lamentit that the Reahne wes left H 2 with- t Bht fche was na Jev/ep, and thairfoir in that offend it not. 2 2 l^he Hijlorieofthe Reformat ioun Lib. I. without a Maill to fucceid: Yit (urn rejoyfit that fick ane Enemie to Godis Treuth was tane away. He was callit of fum a gude pure Manis Ring j of utheris he was teirmit a Murtherer of the Nobilitie, and ane that had decreed thair haill Diftruftioun. Sum prayfit him for the reprefTing of Thifc and Opreffioun; utheris difprayfit him for the defoulling of Menis Wyifis and Virginis. And thus Men fpak ein as Menis Effeftiounis led thame, and yit nane fpak altogither be(ydis the Treuthe ; for a Pairt of all the fbir- laidis war fa manifeft, that as the Vertewis could not be denyit, fa could not the Vyces be ony Craft be cloickit. The Queftioun of Government was thruche this Realm univer(allie movit. The Cardinall proclamit the Ringis laft Will, and thairin was expreffit four Proteftors, or Regentis, of quhome himfelf was the Firft and Principal), and with him war joynit the Erilles of Huntolie^ Jrgyle and Murray ; this was done the Mononday at the Marcat Croice of Edinburgh: Bot the Mononday following tuk the haill Regentis RemifTioun for thair Ufurpatioun ; for by the ftout and wys Counfaill of the Laird of Grainge^ did the Earle of Jrrane, than (ecound Perfbun to the Crown caus aflembill the Nobilitie of the Realme, and requirit the Equitie of thair Jugementis in that his juft Sute to the Governement of the Re- alme during the Minority of hir to quhome he was to fucceid, failling of hir and of hir lauchfuU SuccefTors. His Freindis conveinit, the Nobilitie af^ femblit the Day of Decifioun was apointit. The Cardinall and his Fafti- oun oponit thame to the Governement of one Man, and efpecially to the Regiment of any callit Haum'dtoun : For quha knawts not, faid the Cardinall, that the Haumiltounis dr cruell Murtherers, Oprejfourii of Innocentis, proud^ avaritmiSy doubill and fals ; and finally, the Peftilence in this Comune-welth. Quhairunto the faid Erie anfwerit. Defraud me not of my Rycht, and call me quhat ye phis, ^hatfoevir my Freindis has bein, yit unto this Day hes no Man Caus to complain upoun me, neyther yit am I mindit to flatter any of my Freindis in thair evill Doing, bot be God's Grace fal be als forward to corre^ thair E- normities, as any within the Realme can reffonciblie require of me : And thair' fore yit again, my Lord, in God's Name I crave, that ye do me na IVrang^ mr defiaude me of my juft Titill, befoir ye have Experience of my Government. At thay Wordis were all that feirit God, and luifit Honeflie, fb muifir, that ■with ane Voce they cryit, That Petitioun is maift juft, and miles we do againft God Juftice and Equity, it can not be denyit. And fa, in Difpyte of the Car- dinal and his fubornit Faftioun, was he declairit Governouf, and with pub- 1161 Proclamatioun fb denuncit to the Pepill ; the Ringis Palice, Treafure, Jewells, Garmentis, Hors, and Plate war deliverit unto him by the Officiers that had the former Charge, and he honourit, feirit, and obeyit mair hair- tilie nor evir ony Ring was before him, fa lang as he abaid at God. The Caus of the grit Favour that was borne, was, That it was bruitit that he favourit God's Word. And becaus it was well knawin, that he was ane appointit to have bein perfecutit, as the Scroll found in the Ringis Pockit ef^ ter his Deyth did witnefs, thir twa Thingis, togidder with ane Opinioun that Men had of his Simplicitie, bowit the Harts of mony unto him at the Beginning, quha efter, with Dolour of Harts, was compellit to chaing thair Opiniounls : But heirof will efter be fpokin. The Varietie of Matteris that occurit we omit, fick as the Ordour tackin for keiping of the young Quein, of the Provifioun for the Mother, the hame calling of the Douglafs, and fick as apertein to ane univerfal Hiftorie of the Tymej for, a$ befoir we have (aid. L I B. I. of Rcligiouti in Scotland. 3 3 iaid, we mynd onlie to follow the Progrefs of the Religioun, and of the Matteris that can not be dineverit from the fame. The Govemour eftablilhit in Government, godlie Men rcpairit unto him, exhortit him to call to Mynd for quhat End God had exhaltit him, and of quhat Danger he had deliverit him, and quhat Expc6latioun all Men of Ho- neftie had of him. At thair inftant fuiting, mair than of his awin Motiuun was Thomas Guilliam, a black Freir, callit to be Preicheour; the Man was of folide Jugement, raflbnabill Letteris as for that Age, and of a prompt and Eud Utterance, his Do6lrinc was whdefome without a grit Vehemencie againis Superftitioun : Preichit al(b fumetymes Johnne Koucht^ quho effer, for the Veritie of Chrift Jefus, fufferit in Inglatd^ albeit not (b leirned, yit mair fimple and mair vehement aganis all Impietic. The Doctrine of thay twa provockit aganis thame, and aganis the Govemour alfo, the Hatret of all fick as rather favourit Darknes than Lycht, and thair awin Bellies mair thart God, the gray Freiris, and amongeft the Reft Freir Scot, quha befoir had gevin himfelf forthe for the gritteft Profeftbur of Chrift Jefus within Scot- Ian:/, and under that Cullour had dilcloifed, and Co indangered many. Thir Slaves of Sathan, we fay, roupit as they had bein Ravenis, yea, rather thay yellit and roarit as Devills in Hell, Herefie, Herefie, Guilliam atid Roughr ivill cary the Govemour unto the Devill. The Toun of Ediuhmgh, for the maift Parte, wes drowned in Superftitioun ; Ed-xarcl, Hope, young fVilliam Adumfoun, SihiHa Liudefay, Patrick L'mdefay, Francis Atkman, and in the Canoungat Johntie M^Kaw, and N'lniam Broun, with few utheris had the Bruit of Knaw- lege in thai Days. Ane IVilfoun, Servant to the Bifchope of DuukeU, quha nether knew the New Teftament nor the Auld, maid a difpyitfiil railling Ballat againft the Preicheours, and againft the Go\'ernour, for the quhilk he narrowly efchaipit hanging The Cardinall movit bayth Hevin and Hell to tru-« bill the Govemour, and to ftay the Preicheing ; but yit was the Battell ftout- lie fouchtin for a Seafbun; for he was tane and put firft in Dalkeyth, ettcr in Seatoun, but at lengthe be budis gevin to the faid Lord Setoun, and to the auld Laird of Leth'wgtoun, he was reftoirit to Sanft Audrois, frome whence he wroicht all Mifcheif, as we fall efter heir. The Parliament approchit, quhilk was befoir the Pafcle ; thair bygane Queflioun of the abolifching of certane tyrrannicall Aftis, maid befoir at De- votioun of the Prelattis, for mainteining of the Kingdome of Darknes, to wit, 'J'hal under Pane of Herefie no Man fouJd reid ony Part of the Scrip-- iures in the Inglifche 'foung, nouther yet ony Tracfate or Expofitioun of ony Plaice of Scripture. Sick Articles began to cum in Queftioun we fay, and Men began to inquire, gif it was not lawfull to Men that underftode no Latin, X6 ufs this Word of thair Salvatioun in the Toung they underftode, as it was for Latin Men to have it in Latin, Grecianis and Hehrems to have it ' in thair Toungis. It was anfwerit. That the Kirk firft had forbidden all Kynd of Toungis but thay thre. Bot Men demandit when that Inhibitioun wes gevin ? And quhat Counfaill had ordainit that, confidering, that in thfe Dayis of Cbryfoftome he complainif, that the Pepill ufit not the Pfalmis and uther holie Buikis in thair awin Toungis ? And gif ye will fay theyes war Greikis, and underftode the Gr«'^ Toung, we anfwer, that Chrift he hes comman- dit his Word to be preichit to all Natiounis : Now, gif it aucht to be preichit to all Natiounis, it mon be preichit in the Toung thay underftand. Now, if I it 34 ^'^^^ Hi/iorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. it be lawfull to preiche it in all Toungis, quhy fall it not be lawful! to reid it, and to heir it red in all Tungis ? to the End that the PepiU may try the Spirit'ts^ according to the Commandiment of the Apoftle. Beatin with thei(s and uther Reafounis, they denyit not bet it may be red in the vulgar Tung, provyding that the Tranflatioun war trew. It was demandit quhat could be reprehendit in it ? And quhen mekill feirching was maid, nothing could be found, but that Ln'if^ fay thay, was put in the Plaice of Cheritie. Quhen the Queftioun was askit, Quhat Defference was betwix the ane and the uther? And git they underftode theGm^ Term iyi-^^ They war dume. Reafonif- for the Partie of the Secularis, the Lord Ruthvetiy Father to him that prou- dently gave Counfaill to tak juft Punilchment upon that Knaif Z)flw>, for that he had abuifiit King Harie in ma Cai(es than ane, a flout and difcreit Man in the Caus of God, and Mr. Henrie Balnavlsy an auld Profeflbur ; for the Pairt of the Clergie, Hay^ Dean of Rejialrigj and certane auld Bofles with him. The Conclufioun was, The Comifiioneris of Burghis, and a Pairt of the Nobilitie, requirit of the Parliament, that it mycht be inaftit, That it Jliould he lefoun to everie Man to ufs the Bemfite of the 'Tranflatioun quhilk than they had of the Byhill and New Teftamenty togidder with the Benefite of uther Ireatifes conteining hailfome Doffrine^ unto fick Tyme as the Prelattis and Kirkmen fould give and jet furth unto thame ane Tranflatioun mair carrel. The Clergie thair- to lang repugnit. Bot in the End, convifted be Rea(bnis, and be Multitude of Votis in thair contrair, they alfb condifcendit j and fb by A61 of Parlia- ment, it was maid free to all Men and Wemen to reid the Scriptures in thair awin Toung, or in the Inglifche Toung j and fb was all Aftis maid in the contrair aboli(chit. This was na fmall Viftorie of Chrifl Je(us, fechting aganis the conjured E- nemies of his Veritie j hot fmall Comfort to fick as befoir war haldin in fick Bondage, that thay durft not have red the Lordis Prayer, the Ten Comande- mentis, nor Artickles of thair Fayth in the hgUfche Toung, bot they fould heif bein accufit of Herefie. Then mycht have bein fein the Bybill lying al- maift upoun everie Gentilmanis Tabill. The New Teftament wes borne a- bout in mony Menis Hands. We grant, that fum, alas, prophainit that bliC fit Worde, for fiime, perchance, that nevir had red ten Sentences in it, had it maift comoun in thair Hands j they wald chope their Familiaris in the Cheik with it, and (ay,"This has lyin hid under my Bed Feit thir ten Yeirs, others *' wald glorie, O ! how oft have I bein in Danger for this Buike ! How " fecreitlie have I ftellin away fra my Wyif at Midnycht to reid upoun it." And this was done we fay of mony to mak Court thairby : For all Men e- fleimit the Governour to be the maift fervent Proteftant that was in Europa. Albeit we (ay that mony abuifit that Libertie grantit of God miraculouflie, yit thairby did the Knawledge of God wondrouflie encrefs, and gave his Holie Spreit to (emple Men in grit Aboundance : Then wer fet furthWarkis in our awin Toung, befyidis thame that cum from Ingland^ that did difclois the Pryid, the Craft, the Tyrrannie, and the Abuifs of the Roman Antichryfi, The Fame of our Governour was fpread in divers Cuntreyis,and mony prayfit God for him. Ring Harie fent unto him his Ambafladour Mr. Saidler^ quha lay in Edinburgh a great Part of Somer j his Comiffioun and Negotiatioun was to contraft a perpetuall Amitie betwix Ingland and Scotland, The Occafiouti quhairof God had lb offerrit, that to mony Men it apeirit that from Hevin he IB. I. of Religiountn Scotland. 35 he had dedaired his gude Plefure in that Behalf For to King Harie, of Jane Somer, cfter the Deith ofQuein Katharine^ and of all utheris that mycht have maid his Mariage fufpeaed, wes gevin a Sonc, FJ-:vcir^ the Sext of bleflTir Memorie, elder fome Yeirs than our Maiftrcs, and uilTo us left a Quein as befoir we have hard. This wonderful! Providence of God caufTit Men of grit- teft Judgment to enter into Difputatioun with thamefelfis, Whither that with gude Confcience any Man mycht repugne to the Defyris of the King of A/?- lan^, confiddering that thairby all Occafioun of Weir mycht be cut of and grit Comoditie mycht infew to this Realme. The Offeris of King ' Hiine wer Co lairg, and his Demandis (b reflbnabill, that all that luifit Quietnes wes content thairwith. Thair wes fend frome the Parliament to King Harie in ComifTioun, S'lv James Leirmonthe, and Mr. Henry Balnaveis, quha lang re- maining in biglanJ^ fo travellit that all Thingis concerning the Marriage be- twixt EJixard the Sext and Marie Quein of Scottis wes agreit upoun except the Tyme of hir Deliverance to the Cuf^odie oC Engl'ifcbemen. Upoun the fi- nail Condufioun of the quhilk Heid, wer addit to the former ComifTionari-, tVilliam Erie of G/encan/e and S\t George Doi'gkts, to quhome was gevin ample ComifTioun and gud Inftaiftiounis. In ScolLmd remainit Mr. Sa/d/er. Ad- verteifmentis paft fa frequentlie betwix, yea the Handis of our Lordis Uar fa liberallie anoyntit, befydis uther Comodities promeifTit, and of fum reflavit • for divers Priflbners tane at Sohvie Mofs war fend hame Ranfbum fre, upoun Promeis of thair Fidelitie, quhilk, as it was keipir, the Ifchew will witnes. Bot in the end fb weill war all anis content (the Cardinal, the Quein and the Faftioun of France evir exceptit) that fblcmnitlie in the Abbay of Haly- rudhoiis, was the Contraft of Marriage made betwix the Perfbnis foirfaids to- gidder with all the Claufes and Conditiounnis requifite, for the faythfull Ob- ^rvatioun thairof, red in publift Audience, fubfcryvit, feallit, approvit and al- lowit of the Governour for his Pairt, Nobilitie, and Lordis for thair Partis • and that nathing (buld want that mycht fortifie the Matter, was Chriffis Bo-i. die facrat, as Papiftis term it, brockin betwix the faid Governour and Mr. Saidlar Ambafladour, and receavit of thame bayth, as a Signe and Taikin of the Unitie of thair Myndis, inviolablie to keip that Contraft in all Pointis as they luikit of Chrift Jefus to be favit, and efrer to be repute Men worthie of Credit befoir the Warld. The Papiftis rageit againft the Governour and a- gainft the Lordis that confentit, and abaid fuir at the Contraft foirfaid i And they made a brage to depois the Governour, and to confound all as efter foUowit. But upoun the returning of the faidis AmbafTadouris fromtf Liglandy Pacificatioun was maid for that Tyme, for be the Tugementis of aught Perfonis for atherPartie, 'to juge quhidder ony Thing was done for the (aid AmbafTadours, in the contracting of that Mariage, quhiJk to do they had not fufficient Power fra the Counfaill and Parliament it was found that all Thingis war done according to thair ComifTioun, and that (b they fould ftand. And fa war the Seillis of Ingland and Scotland in- terchangit. Maif^er James Fowlis, then Clerk of Regifter, receivit the Greit Seill oflnghnd: And Mr. Saidlar recavit the Grit Seall of Scotland. The Heidis of Contrail we pas by. Thir Thingis newlie ratefeit, the Merchantis maik Frack to faill, and to thair Traffique, quhilk be the Trouble of Weirs had fum Yeirs bein hinderit. Frome Edinhurgh wer frauchtit twelf SchipJs richelie laidin, according to the Wairis of Scotland : From utlier Tounis and Portis departit utheris, quhilk all arryvit upoun the Coafl of England to- « ^ ^ wards 3^ The Hiftorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. I. wards the South, to witj of Yermouth ; and without ony grit Neceflitie enterit not onlie within Roadis, but alfb within Poartis and Places of Comandement, and quhair that Schipis mycht be arreiftit. And becaus of the lait Contraft of Amitie, and gentill Interteinment that thay fand at the firft, thay maid no grit Expeditioun : But being, as thai fuppoifit, in Securitie, in Merinefs they ipendit the Tyme, abyding upoun the Wind. In this mein Tyme arryvit frome France to Scotland the Abbote of Paiflay, callit Baftard Brother to the Governour, quhome yit money efteimit Sone to the auld Bifchope of Dun- kelden^ callit Creyckomi^ and with him Mr. David Painter^ quha efter was ijiaid Bifchope of Rofs. The bruit of the Leirning of thay tway, and thair honeft Lyif, and of thaire Fervencie and Uprychtnes in Religioun wes fick,that grit Efperance thair was that thair Prefence fbuld have bein comfortable to the Kirk of God. For it was conftantlie affirmit of fum, that without Delay, the ane or the uther wald occupie the Pulpit, and trewlie preiche Jefus Chrili. Bot few Dayis difcloifed thair Hypocrifie. For quhat Terrouris, quhat Pro- meiffes, or quhat inchanting Boxes they brocht frome France, the comoun Pepill knew nor. Bot fchort efrer, it was fein that Freir Guilliame was inhi- bit to preiche, and fo departit to Ingland: Johime Rough to Kylle, a Recep- tacle of God's Servants of auld. The Men of Jugement, Counfaill and Godli- nes that had travellit to promot the Governour, and that gave him faythfuU Confaill in all doutfull Maters,war outher craftelie convoyit fra him,or ellis be Threatning to be hangit, war compellit to leif him. Of the ane Nomber was the Laird of Grainge foirfaid, Mr. Henrie Balnaveis, Mr. Thomas BeU lenden, and Sir David Lindefay of the Monte : Men, be quhais Labouris he was promotit to Honour, and be quhais Counfaill he fo ufit himfelf at the beginning, that the Obedience gevin unto him was nathing inferiour to that Obedience that ony King of Scotland of mony Yeirs had befoir him j yea in this it did furmount the comoun Obedience, that it proceidit of Luif) of thay Vertues that was fuppoifed to have bein in him. Of the Number of thame that war threatnit, was Mr. Michell Durhame, Mr. David Borthmck, David Forrefs, and David Bothuelh^ quha counfaillit him to have in his Cum- panie, Men feiring God, and not to fofter wickit Men in thair Iniquitie, al- beit thay war callit his Freindis, and war of his Surname : This Counfall underftand be the foirfaid Abbote, and be the Haumiltoimis, quha then re- paint to the Court, as Ravenis to the Carioun. In playne Wordis it was faid. My Lord GovernoHT nor his Freindis will nevir be at Bis nor ^ietnes^ till that a Duffoun ofthtr Knaives that abufe his Graice be hangit. Thir Wordis war fpo. kin in his awin Prefence, and in the Prefence of thame that had better defer- vit, than to have bein fo intraitit : The Speikar was allowit for his bauld and playne fpeikin. And fo the wickit Counfall deprehendit, honefi: and god- lie Men left the Court and him in the Handis of fick, as be thair wickit Counfaill, led him fa far fra God, that he falfefyit his Promeis, d^pt his Hands in the Bluid of the Sanctis of God, and brocht this Comoun '\yelthe to the uter Point of Ruyne ; and thir^war the firfl Fruitisof the Abbote ofPaif- lay his Godlines and Leirning : Bot heirefter we will heir majr. AH honefi, and godlie Men baHifchit from the Court, the Abbote and the Counfaill be- gynis to lay befoir the inconftant Governour, the Dangeris that mycht inlew, the Alteratioun and Chainge of Religioun ; the Power of the Ring of France^ the Comoditie that mycht cum to his Hous and to him, be retaining the an-' cient League with France, and the grit Danger that i}e iJfQci^t i^pjJft l?,i.i|iftli^ Lib. I. of Rcligioim tfi Scothnd. 37 gif in ony Jme he fufferit the Authoritie of the Paip to be violated, or calli: in dout within this Realme : Confiddcring that thairiipoun onhe ftude the Securitie of his Right to the Succenioun of the Crown ot this Realme : For be God's Word wald not the Divorcement of his Father fromc Eiirabcthe Hotline^ his firftWyif, be found laufull, and fa wald his fecound Mariage be jugit null, and he declaired Bartard. Cayphas fpak Frophecie, and yit wi^t not quhat he fpak : For at that Tyme thair was no Man that trewlie feirit God that myndit ony fick Thing, bot with thair haill Force wald have fortefyic that Tytill that God had gevin unto him, and wald nevir have callit in Que- ftioun Thingis done in Tyme of Darknes. Bot theis Heid we pas by till God declair his Word thairintill. Ane urher Prafteis was ufit : For the Cardinal] being fet at Libertie, as befoir we have hard, ceifTit not to traffick with ilk of the Multitude as he mycht draw to his Faftioun, or corrupt be ony Meanis to rais a Fartie agains the faid Governour, and againis fick as ftude faft at the Contract of Mariage and Peicc with Iiigland. And fo aflemblit at Lynlythgow the faid Cardinall, the Earlis Jrgyill, Hiiiitelie, and Bothiiell^ the Bifchopis and thair Bandis. And thairefter thay pafTit to Stirling^ and tuk with thamc bayth the Queinis Mother and the Dochter, and threatnit the Dcpfitioun of the faid Governour, as rnolw/ient to thair talie Mother the Kirky Co teirme thay that Harlot of Bdhiloie, Rome: the inconftant Man not througlie groundit upoun God, left in his awin Default, deftitute of all gude Conlaill, and haif- ing the Wickit evir blawing in his Eir, ^itb^^t will ye do? Ye 'will diftroy your felf and your Hous for evir. The unhappie Man, we (ay, beatin with thir Tentatiounis, randerit himielf to the Appetyitis of the Wickit; for he quiet- lie ftall away frome the Lordis that war with him than in the Pallice of Ha- lyrudhous, pzA to Stirling, fubje6tit himself to the Cardinall and to his Confaill refTavit Ablblutioun, renuncit the FrofefTioun of Chrift Jefus his holie Evangel! and violatit his Ayth that befoir he had maid, for Obiervatioun of the Con- traft and League maid with Ingland. At that Tyme was our Quein crounit and new Promeis maid to France. The Certaintie heirof cuming to Rino-i/^- rie, our Scoitn Schipis war ftayit, the Saillis tane fra the Rayes, and the Mer- chands and Marineris war comandit to fuir Cuftodie. New Comiflioun was fend to Maifter Saidlar, quha than ftill remainit in Scotland, to demand the Caus of that (uddane Alteratioun, and to travell be all Meanis pofTibill that the Governour mycht be callit back to his former godlie Purpois, and that he wald not do fo foolifchelie and inhoneftlie, yea, fo cruellie and unrrercyful- lie to the Realme of Scotland -^ that he wald not onlie lois the Comoditeis of- ferit, and that war partelie to be receavif, bot that alfb he wald expone it to the Haiarde of Fyre and Sworde, and uther Inconveniencies that mycht in- few the Weir that was to follow upoun the Violatioun of his Fayth. Bot no- thing could availl. The Devill keipit faft the Grip that he gat, yea all the Dayis of his Government : For the Cardinall gat his eldeft Sone in Pledge quhome he keipit in the Caftell of St. Androis, quhill the Day that God's Hand punifchit his Pryd. King Harie perceaving that all Hope of the Gover- nours Repentance was loift, callit back his Ambafladour, and that with feirfull Threatningis, as efter Edinhirghe felt: Denuncit War, maid our Schipis Pry. fis, Merchantis and Marineris lawful! Priflbneris, quhilk to the Burghis of .SV^'/Zflw^ was na fmall Heirfchip. Bot thairat did the Cardinell and Pari ftjs laucbe, and jeftinglie faid, ^the)? "xe fall conqueis Ingland the Merchantis fall he recompenfit. Tne Somer and the HaiTcft pad over without any porabill ^ Thing : 38 ^J he Hijtorie of the Rejormatioun Lib. I. Thmg : For the Cardinal! and the Abbote of Paiflay pairtit the Pray among thame • the abufit Governour bair the Name onelie. In the beginning of Winter came the Erie of Lennox to Scotland, fend fra France in hatrent of the Governour, quhome the King, be the Cardinallis Advyis, promeifTit to pro. nunce Baftard, and (b to mak the faid Erie Governour j the Cardinall farder did put the faid Erie in vane Hoip, that the Quein Dowager (buld marie him. He brocht with him fum Money, and mair he efter refavit at the Hands of Labrothe. But at lenthe, perceaving himfelf fruftrate of all Expefi-atioun that he had, outher be France, or yit be the Promeifs of the Cardinall, he concludit to leive France, and to feik the Favours of Ingland; and (a begane to draw a Faftioun againis the Governour ; and in Haitrent of the utheris Inconftancie, monie favourit him in the Beginning; for thair Aflembht at the ruill, in the Toun of Air, the Erles of Angus, Glencatrne, Caffiles, the Lords Maxwell, the Laird of Drumlangrig, the Sherif of Air, with all the Force that thay, and the Lords that remainit conftant at the Opinioun of /;?^. land, mycht mak ; and efter the Kuille they come to Leytk The Governour and Cardinall with thair Forces keipit Edinburgh; for they war flaklie perfewir. Men excuis the Erie of Lennox in that Behalf, and layd the Blame upoun fum that had na Will of Stewartis Regiment. Howfbever it was, fick ane A- pointment was maid, that the faid Erie of Lennox was difapointit of his Pur- pois, and narrowlie efcaipit ; and firfl gat him to Glafgow, and efter to Bumbar- tane. Sir George Douglas was deliverit to be keipit as Plege. The Erie his Brother was efter tane in the Lenterne, at the Siege of Glafgow. It was bruitit, that bayth the Brethren, and utheris with thame, had loift thair Heidis, if be the Providence of God the Inglijche Armie had not aryvit the fbner. Efter that the Cardinall had gottin the Governour haill addift to his Devotioun, and had obtainit his Intent above his Enemies, he began to praftis how that fick as he feirif, and thairfoir deidlie haitit, fbuld be let be the Earis ane againft another. For in that, thoicht the carnall Man, ftude his gritteft Securitie. The Lord Ruthvene he halted, be ReafToun of his Knowlege of Godis Word. The Lord Gray he feirit, becaufe at that Tyme he ufit the Cumpanie of fick as profefTit Godlines, and buir fhiall Favour to the Cardinall. Now this reflbnic the ward- lie wys Man, If I can put Inimitie betwix thir twa, I fal be rid of a grit Nomber of Unfreindis ; for the maift of the Cuntrey will outher affit the ane or the uther; and fa will they utherwayis be occupyit, than to -watcheformy Difplefour. He findis the Mein without lang Procefs : For he labourit with Johnne Chatirhous, a Man of flout Courage and mony Freindis, to accept the Proveftrie of St. Johneftoun, quhilk he purchaifTit unto him be Donatioun of the Governour, with Chairge to the faid Toun to obey him, as their lawfull Proveift. Quhairat not onlie the faid Lord Ruthvene, bot alfb the Toun, being offended, gave ane negative Anfwer, alleging, that fick Intruiffing of Men in Office was hurtfull to thair Privilege and Fredome; quhilk grantit unto thame frie Eleftioun of thair Provifl fra Yeir to Yeir, at a certane Tyme apointit, quhilk they could not, or wald not prevent. Heirat the faid Johnne offendit faid, That he wald occupy e that Office be Force, gif that thay wald not grant it unto him, he Benevolence'. And fb departit, and comunicated the Matter with the Lord Gray, with Nor- mand Leflie, and utheris his Freindis, quhome eafilie he perfwadit in that Per- f'-'-e, becaus he apeirit to have the Governour's Rycht, and had not onelie a Chairge unto the Toun, as faid is, but alfb he purchafTit Letteris to befeige it, and Lib. 1. of Kdigioun tn Scotland. 3^ and to tak it be ftrong Hand, if ony Refiftance war maid unto him : Sick Letters, we lay, maid mony to favour his Aftioun. The uther maid Defence, and fo tuik the Mailer ot Kulhvcn ( the Lord that eftcr dcpartit in hidcind ) the Menteinance of the Toun, haifing in his Ciimpanie the Laird of Moncreif\ and uther Freindis adjacent. The (aid /"'^w/^ maid frack for the perfuit ; and upoun the Magdalene Day, in the Morning amio i J43. approchit with hisForcis. The Lord Gray tuke upoun him the principall Chairge : It was appcintit, that Noriiioi>id Le/Iie with his Freindis fouid have cum by Schip, with Munitiouri and Ordinance, as thai war in Redines. Eot becaus the Tyid lervit not fa Tone as thay wald, the uther thinking himfelf of fufficient Force, for all that was in the Toun, enrerit in be the Brig, quhair thay fand no Refiftance, till that the fbirmeft Parte was enterit a pretty Spaice fra the F/fc/je- Yet ; and than the (aid Mailter of Ruthvcn with his Cumpanie, (loutlie rencounterit thamc, and (b raidelie rcpulfit the formed, that fick as war behind gave back : The Place of the Reryre was (b flrait, that Men that durft not fecht could not (lie at thair Plefure ; for the maid Pairc of my Lord Grayis Freindis was upoun the Brig; and (b the Slauchter was grit ; for their fell in the Edge of the Sword thre(core Men. The Cardinall had rather, that the Unhappe had (allin one the uther Pairt • boc howibevir it was, he thoicht, that fick Trubill was to hisComforte and Advantage. The Knowlege quhair- of came to the Eiris of the Pairtie that had receivir the Difcomfitour, and was unto thame no fmall Greif; for as mony enterit of thame in that Aftioun for his Plelbur, (a thoicht thay to have had his Fortiiicatioun and Alliance, quhairof finding thamelelfis fruftrate, thay bcgane to luik mair narrowlie to thamefelfis, and did not (b mekill attend upoun the Cardinallis Devotioun, as thay had woint to do befbir ; and fo was ane new Jeloufie engendrit amongis thame : For quholbevir wald not play to him the gude Vallet, wes reputed amongis his Enemies. The Cardinall drew the Govemour to D/wiZ/V j for he underrtude that the Earle of Rothejs and Mr. Henr'ie Bahiaveis war with the Lord Gray in the Caftell of H/iiitlie. The Governour fent and comandit the faidis Erille and Lord, with the foirlaid Mr. Her.rle^ to cum unto him to Dun- die^ and apointit the nixt Day at ten Hours befoir None, quhilk Hour they de- creit to keip ; and for that Purpois alTemblit thair Folkis at Balgawy, or thair- by. The Cardinall adverteifit of thair Number fthay war mo than thre hond- reth Men ) thoicht it not gude, that thay fould joyne with the Toun, for he feirit hisawin Elkit ; and (o he perlwaidit the Governour to pas furth of /)««- die before nyne Hours, and to tak the ftraycht Way to St. Johiieftouu ; quhilk perfavit be foirfaid Lordis, thay begane to feir that thay wald cum to perlew thame, and (a put thamelelfis in Ordour and Array, and marchit forward of Purpois to have bidden the uttermoft. But the craftie Fox foirfeing, that in fechting ftoode not his Securitie, ran to his lalt Refuge, that is, to manifeft Treafone; and (b Confultatioun was tane, how that the Force of the utheris jnycht be brokin: And at the fitft was fent the Laird of Grainge^ and the Proveifl of St. Aidrois, knawing nathing of Trea(bne, to ask quhy they mo- leftit my Lord Governour in his Jurney ? Quhairto they anfwerit. That they meint nathing lefs, for thay come at his Graicts Comandemeut^ to have keipit the Hour in Dundie apointit be hivi^ qubilk becaus they /aw prevent it j and knawing the Cardinall to be thair Unfreind^ they could mt hot Jufpe^ thair unprovydit cuming furth of the Toun-, and thair foir thay put thamefelfis in Ordour, not to ifivaid, hot to defend in cais thay war iirjaidit. This Anfwer reported, was fend to thame K 2 the 4.0 ^he Hijlorie of the Keformatioun Lib. I. the Bifchope of St. Androis^ the Abbote of Paiflay^ Mr. David Painter, the Lairds of Bacleuche and Coldinknowis, to defyre certane of the uther Cumpa- nie to talk with thame, quhilk they eafilie obtenit, for they fu(pe61:ed no Trea- fone. Efter lang Cortiunicatioun, it was demandit, gif that the Erie, and Lord and Mr. Henrie foirfaid, wald not be content to talk with the Governour, provyding, that the Cardinall and his Cumpanie war of the Ground ? They anfwerit That the Governour mycht comand thame in all Things lawfull ; hot thai lad no Will to he in the Cardinallis Mercie. Fair Promeift anew war maid for their Securitie ; than was the Cardinall and his Band comandit to departe ; as that he did according to the Purpois tane. The Governour remainit, and a Certane with him j to quhome come without Cumpanie the faid Erie, Lord and Mr. Henrie. After mony fair Wordis gevin unto thame all, to wit, That he wald have thame agreit with the Cardinall ; and that he wald have Mr. Henrie Balnaveis the fVarker and Inftrument thairof. He drew fordwards with him to- wardis St. Johnftoim, quhairto the Cardinall was riddin. They began to fuf- peft albeit it was too laite ; and thairfoir they defyrit to have returnit to thair Folkis for putting Ordour to thame. Bot it was anfwerit, Thay [odd fend hack fra the Toun ; bot they moft neidis go fordward with my Lord Governour. And fo partlie by Flatterie, and partlie be Force, they war compellit to obey • and how fone that evir they war within the Toun they war apprehendit, and upoun the Morne fent all thrie to the Blachies, quhair thay remainit Co long as it pleifit the Cardinallis gracelefs Graice, and that was till that the Band of Man- rent and of Service fet flim of thame at Libertie. And thus the Cardinall with his Crafte prevaillit one everie Syid j fa that the Scottis Proverb was trew of him, Sa lang runes the Fox as he Fute hes. Quhither it was at this his Jorney, or at ane uther, that that bludie Boucheour executit his Crueltie upoun the innocent Perfbnes in Sanft Johne^ ftoun we cannot affirm : Nouther yit ftudie we to be curious, bot rather we travell to exprels the Veritie, quhen fb evir it was done, than fcrupulouflie and exacllie to appoint the Tymes, quhilk yit we omitte not, quhen the Cer- taintie occuris. The Veritie of that cruell Faft is this. At San6i Paulis Day, befoir the firfl burning of Edinburghe, come to Sanft Johneftoun the Governour and Cardinall, and thair, upoun invyous Dilatioun, war a grit Number ofho- neft Men and Wemen, callit befoir the Cardinall, accuifit of Herefie; and al- beit thai could be convift of nothing, but onlie of Sufpicioun, that thay had ' eitten a Gus upoun Fryday, four Men war adjugit to be hangir, and a Wo- man to be drownit. Quhilk cruell and maift injufl Sentence was without Mercie put in Executioun. The Houfband was hangit, and the Wyf having a (bucking Babe upoun hir Breift, was drounit. O Lord., the Land is not yit turgit frame ftck beiftlie Crueltie, nouther hes thy ju/i Vengeance yit ftrickin all that •war crim'inall of thair Bloode. Bot the Day approchis quhen that the Punifch- ment of that Crueltie, and utheris, will evidentlie appeir. The Names of the Men that war hangit, was, James Hunter, Williame Lambe, JVilliame An- derfoun, James Kannalt Burgefs of St. Johnftoun. At that Tyme were bani- (chit Sir Henrie Elder, Johne Elder, Walter Piper, Laurance Pullar, with divers utheris, quhais Names come not to our Rnawlege. That fworne Enemie of Chrifl Tefus, and unto all in quhome ony Spunk of Rnawlege appeirit, had about that fame Tyme in Prifbun divers j amongis quhome was Johnne Roger, a Black Freir, godlie, leirnit, and ane that fruitfullie preichit Chrifl Jefus, to the Comfort of mony in Angus and Mearnisj quhome that bloodie Man had caufit ^4 L I B. L f^f Religiom in Scotland. 4 1 cauTit murther in the Ground of the Sey Tour of St. /ndrcis, and than cauf ed to caft him over the Craige, fparfing a fals Eruir, Thar the faid Johnie-^ feiking to flie, had brokin his awin Craige. This oeifcd not Sarhan be all Meinis to mantein his Kingdome of Darknes, and to fuppres the Lycht of Chril^is Evangell. Bot potent is he aganis quhome they faucht ; for quhan the Wickit war in grirteft Securitie, than begane God to (ihaw his Anger. For the thrid Day of May^ in the Yeir of God i ;44 Yeirs, without Knaw- ledge of any Man in Scotland^ we mein of fick as fbuld have had the Cair of the Realme, was fein a grit Navie of Schipis arryving towardis the Firthe. The Poiftis come to the Governour and Cardinall, quha bayth war in EJin- lurgte, quhat Multitude of Schippis war fein, and quhat Cours they fuik. This was upoun the Saiturday Befoir.none. Queftioun was had, Quhat fculd they mein? Sum laid. It is na doute bot thay are hgUfche Men, and we feir that thay (all land. The Cardinall fkrippit, and (aid. It is bot the Yfland flote, they ar come to mak us a Schow, and to put us in feir. I (all ludge the mein of "Weir in my Eye, that (all land in Scotland. Still futis the Cardinall at his Denner, (chawing as that thair had bein no Danger appeir- ing. Men convein to gafe upoun the Schippis, (bme to the Caftelhill^ (bme t" Craigis, and uther Plaices eminent. Bot thair was no Queflioun with quhat Force (al we refill, gifthat we be'invaidit. Some efter (ex Houris at Nycht, war arryvit, and had caftin Anker in the Raid of Leythe, ma than tvva Hundrethe Saillis. Schoirrlie thairetrer, the Admirall (chote a flote Bote quhilk fra Grantoun Craigis, till by Eift Leythe^ (bundit the Deip, and (a re- turnit to hir Schip. Heirofwer divers Opinionnis ; Men of Jugement foir- faw quhat it meint, bot naCredite was gevin to ony that wald (ay they niynd to land, and fa paft all Men to his Reft, as if thay Schippis had bein a Gaird for thair Defence. Upoun the Point of Day, upoun Sounday the (ourt Day of May^ addrelTit thay for landing, and ordourit then thair Schippis, (b that a Galay or twa layd thair Snoutis to the Craigis : The fmall Schipis, callit Pynachis, and heiche Horfmen, aprochit as neir as thay could. The grit Schipis difchairgit thair Souldeouris in the fmaller VelTellis, and than by Bot- tis (et upoun dry Land befoir ten Hours, Ten thoufand Men, as war judgir and mo. The Governour and Cardinall feeing than the Thing thay could not, or at leaft wald not belive afoir, efter that thay had maid a Brage to fecht, fled as faft as Horfe wald carie thame ; (a that efter, thay approchit not within Twentie Mylls of the Danger. The Erie of Angus, and Sir George Douglas war that Nycht fred of Waird, (they War in Blacknes) the (aid Sir George in Merrines, faid, / thank King Harie and my gentill Maifters of Ing- land. The/»5///f^f Armie betwix twelf and aneHour enterit inZf^z/j-jfand theTabillis couverit, and theDennaris preparit, fick abundance ofWyne and Vifluellis, by- fydis the uther Subftaunce, that the lyikRyches within the lyik Boundis war not to be found, nouther in Scotland nor Ingland. Upoun the Moncnday the fyift of May come to thame frome Beruick znd the Border, twa thoufand Horsmen, quha being fumquhat repoifit, the Armie upoun Wednefday marchit tcwardis the tToun of Edinhirgh., fpyllit and brunt the fame, and (a did thay the Palice of Halyrudhous, the Horsmen tuik the Hous of Craigmillar, and gat grit Spuillie thairin ; for it being the (lrangc(i Hous neir the Toun, uther than the Caftell of Edinburgh, all Men (bucht to lave thair Moveabillis thairin, bot the Stout- nes of the Laird gave it over without Schote of Hagbute, and for his Re- L waird 4.2 The Hijiorie of the Reformat iomi Lib. I. waird was caufit to marche upon his Feit to Londoiw. He is now Captane of Dunbar., and Proveift of Edinburghe. The hglifchemen (eing na Refiftance, hurlit be Force of Men Canonis up the Calfay to the Butter-trone, and above, and hafardit a Schote at the fore Entrie of the Caftell ; but that was to thair awin Faynis; for they lying without Trenche or Gabioun, war exponit to the Force of the haill Ordinance of the (aid Caftell, quhilk fchot^ and that not all in vaine, for the Quheill and Extrie of ane of the Inglis Canonis war brokin, and funi of thair Men flayne, and fa thay left with fmall Honour that Interpryis, takin rather of Rafchenes than of ony advyifit Counfaill. Quhen the maifl Pairt of the Day they had (ptilyeit and brunt, towardis the Nycht thay returnit to Leyth^ and upoun the Morne returnit to Edinhmgkey and executit the reft of God's Jugmentis for that Tyme ; and fa quhen they had confumed bayth the Tounis, thay laidit the Schipis with the Spulye theirof, and thay be Land returnit to Ber-wik^ ufand the Cuntrey tor the maift Parte at thair awin Plefur. This was an Pairt of the Punifchment quhilk God tuik upon the Realme for Infedelitie of the Governour, and for the Violati- oun of his folempnit Ayth, But this was not the End ; for the Realme was devydit into twa Factiounis, the ane favourit France., and the uther the League laitlie contraftit with Ingland^ the ane did in na Thingis throughlie credite the uther ; .fa that the Cuntrey was in extrem Calamitie: For to the Ingl'tf men war deliverit certain Strenthis, fick as Carla-ooverok, Lochmaben, and Longhame. The maift Parte of the Bordereris war confederat with Ingland. And albeit at firft, at Ancriim-muir in February in the Yeir of God 1 544, was Sir Kaj] Ewars, with mony uther Englifhmen flayne, and the Yeir efter war flim of the faids Strenthis recoverit j yit was it not without grit LofTe and Detriment of the Common-welthe : For in theMonethe ofjumi^in theYeir of God i;'4J, Monfteur de Lourg^ with Bandis of Men of War, come from France for a fur- ther Diftruftioun to Scotland j for upoun thair Brag was ane Armie raifit. For- wardis go thay towardis PVark, evin in the mids of the Harveft : The Car- dinallis Baner was that Day difplayit, and all his Fiallis war chargit td be under it. Mony befbir had promeifit, bot at the Point it was left fa bair, that with Schame it was fchotte up in the Pocke agane, and they efter a Schaw returnit with mair Schame to the Realme, nor Skayth to the Enemies. The blak Bulk of Haum'dtoun makis Mentioun of grit Vaffalage done at that Tyme be the Governour, and the Frenche Captane; but fick as with thair Eyne faw the haill Progrefs, knew that to be a Lie, and does repute it among the veniall Sinnes of that Race, quhilk is to fpeik the beji of thamefelfis thay can. That Winter following fa nurturit the Frenche Men, that they leirnit to eit, yea, to beg caikis, quhilk at their Entry they fcornit. Without jefting, thay war Co miferablie intreatit, that Few returnit to France agane with thair Lyves. The Cardinall than had almaift fortifeit the Caftell of St. Androis, quhilk he maid fa ftrong in his Opinioun, that he regardit nouther Ingland nor France. The Earle of Lennoxe, as faid is, difapointed of all Things ia Scotland, paft to Ingland, quhair he was reflavit of King Harie in Protefti- oun, quha ^zwe him to Wyif Ladie Margaret Douglas, of quhome was borne Harie, umquhille Husband to our Jefabell and Maiftrefs. Quhill the inconftant Governour was fumtyme dijedlef, and fumtyme rayfit up agane be the Abbot of Paiflay, quha befoir was callit chaifter nor ony Maiden, begane to fchaw himfelf : For efter he had tane be Craft the Caftell of IB. I. of Rcligiounin Scotland. 43 of Edtnhtrgh and Dtinhv; he alfo ruk PoflefTioun of his Enemies Wyf, the Ladye Stemious. ThtWoman is and hes bein famous, and is callitLady'C/^- toini ; hir Ladi/chip was haldin alwayis in Propertie. But how many Wyitis and Virginis hes he had fen, that in comoun the "Warld knawis, albeit not all, and his Baftard Byrdis beirs fum Witnes. Sick is the Exem'pilJ of Ho- lines that the Flock may receave of thai Papifticall Bifchopis. In the middis of all the Calamities that came upoun this Realme efter the Defeftioun of the Govemour from Chrift Jeftjs, come in Scotland that bliflit Martyre of God, Maifter George Wifchard, in Cumpanie of the Comifli. ouneri^ befoir mentionet, in the Yeir of God i ^44 ■ a Man of fick Graices as before him war nevir hard in this Realme, yea, and rare to be found yic in ony Man, notwithftanding this grit Lycht of God that fince his Days hes fchynit unto us. He was not onlie fingularelie leirnit, as well in godly Knaw- lege, as in all humane Science, but alfo he was fo cleirlie illuminated with the Spreit of the Prophecie, that he faw not onelie Thingis perteining to hinifelf, but alfo fick Thingis as fum Tounis, and the haill Realme efter- wards fand, quhilk he foirfpak, not in Secreir, but in Audience of mony as in thair awin Plaices fal be declairit. The Beginning of his Doctrine was into Muntrois^ thairfra he departed to Dimdie, quhair, with grit Admiratioun of all that hard him, he tacht the Epiftle to the Rof?nih?es, till that be Pro- curment of the Cardinall, Rchert Mill than ane of the principall Men In Din." die, and ane Man quhilk of auld had profeiTit Knawlege, and for the fame had fuiferit Troubill, gave, in the Quein and Governour's Name, Inhibitioun to the faid George, that he fould trubill thair Town na mair; for thay wald not fuffer it. And this was faid to him, being in the publift Plaice, quhilk hard, he muifit a littill Space, with his Eyne bent unto Hevin, and thairef^ ter luikit forrowfuUie to the Speiker, and to the Pepili • he faid God is PVit- nefs that I nevir tnyndit jour Trubill, but your Comfort, yea your Trubill is ntair dolour us unto me than it is unto yourfelfis : But I am affurit, that to refuis Godis Worde, and to chaifs fra you his MeJJinger, fall nock preferve jou fra Trubill, but it fall bring you into it ; for God fall fend unto you Mefjingeris quha •will not be ajfrayit of Horning, nor yit for Bamfchment. I have offered unto you the Worde of Salvation, and -juith the Hazard of my Lyif I have remainit among you. Now ye your felfis refuis me, and thairfoir man I leive my Innocence to he declairit be my God ; gif it lang profperis •with you, I am not led -withe the Speirit of Treuthe ; but and T'rubill unhnkit for apprehend you, acknawlege the Cans, and turn to God, for he is mercifull ; hut gif ye turn not at the fir ft he 'will vifite you -with Fire and Svjcrde. This Wordis pronuncir, he cam doun frome the preiching Place. In the Kirk prefent was the Lord Merchell and divers nobill Men, quha wald have had the faid Mr. George to have remainit, or ell is to have gane with thame in theCuntry, bot fornoRequeifl wald he outher tarie in the Toun, or one that Syid of T'ay ony langer, bot with poffibill Expeditioun paft to the Weft Land, quhair he begane to offer Godis Worde, quhilk was of mony glaidlie receavit, till that the Bifchope of Glafgow, Dunbar, be Jnftigatioun of the Cardinall, come with his Gad- deringis to the Town n^ Ah; to make Refiftance to the faid Mr. George, and did firfl occupie the Kirk ; the Erie of Glencairne being thairof adverteifir repairit widi his Freindis to the Toun with Diligence, and fa did divers Gentilmen of Kyill, (among quhome was the Laird of Locnoreis, a Man far different fra him that now levit anno 1566, in Maners and Religioun) of L 2 quhom* 4-4 The Hiflorie of the Reformatioun Lib. L quhome to this Day yit monyleive, and have declairit thamefelfis alwayis zealous and bald in the Caus of God, as efter will be harde. Quhen alt war affemblit, Conclufion was tane, that thay have the Kirk ; quhairto the laid Mr. George utterlie repugnit, faying, Lat Mm alanej his Sermon will not meikill hurt ; lat us go to the MercateCrofs. And ib thay did, quhair he maid Co notable a Sermone, that the verrie Enemies thamefelfis war confoundif. The Bifchope preichit to his Jackmen, and to fum auld Boifles of the Toun j the Soum 6f all his Sermone was, They fey we fould preiche, quhy not ? Bet- ter lait thryve, nor nevir ihryve: Had us Jiill for your Bifchope, and we fait provyde letter the nixt l^yme. This was the Beginning and End of the Bi- fchopis Sermone, quha with Haift depairtit the Toun, bot returnit not to fulfill his Promeis. The fiiid Mr. George remainit with the Gentilmen in Kyll, till that he gat fure Knawlege of the Eftait of Dundie. He preichit comounlie at the Kirk of Gafioun, and ufit muche in the Bar. He was requirit to cum to the Kirk of Mauchlene, as that he did ; but the Sheref of Air caufit man the Kirk, for the Prefervatioun of a Tabernacle that was verie beutiful to the Eye. The Perfonis that held the Kirk war George Caniphell oi Mingarfwode, that yet levit anno 1^66^ Mungo Campbell of Brounfyid^ George Reid in Dawdilling^ the Laird of Tempilland. Sum 2,ea- lous of the Parochin, amongis quhome was Hew Campbell of Kingyean'- cleuche^ offendit thay (buld be debarrit thair Paroche Kirk, concludit be Force to enter. Bot the faid Mr. George withdrew the (aid //fw, and faid unfo him, Brother^ Chrtft Jefus is als potent upoun the Feitdis as in thi Kirk ; and I finde that himfelf offer preichit in the Defert, at the Seyfyid^ and uther Places jugit prophane, than that he did in the Temple o/Jeru(alem. It is theWorde of Peice^ quhilk God fendis he me : The Bluid of no Man fall be fched this Day for the Preiching of it. And (a withdrawing the haill Pepill, he came to a Dyik in a Muir edge, upoun the Southweft Syid of Mauchlein^ upoun the quhilk he afcendit : The haill Multitude ftude and fat about him, God gave the Day plefante and hette, he continewit in preiching mair nor thre Hours : In that Sermond God wrocht fb wonderfullie with him, that ane of the maifl: wickit Men that was in that Cuntrey, namit Laurence Rankeit Laird of Scheill, was convertit. The Teiris rane fra his Eyne in fick Aboun- dance, that all Men wonderit ; his Converfioun was without Hypocrifie, for his Lyif and Converfatioun witncffit it in all Tymes to cum. Quhill this faythfuU Servant of God was this occupyit in Kyill, Word rais, that the Plague of Peftilence rais in Dundie, quhilk began four Dayis efter the faid Mr. George was inhibit Preiching, and was fa vehement, that it pafTit almaifl Credibilitie, to heir quhat Number departit everie four and twentie Hours. The Certaintie underflaud, the faid Mr. George tuk his Leive of Kyill, and that with the Re- grait of mony. But no Requeifte could mak him to rernane; his Reafbne was. They war now in Trubill, and they neid Comfort: Perchance this Hand of God will mak thame now to magnifie and reverence that Word, quhilk befoir, for the feir of Men, they fett at lycht Parte. Cuming unto Dundie, the Joy of the faythfull was exceiding greit. He delayit no Tyme, bot evin upoun the Morne gave Significatioun that he wald Preiche, And becaus the maifl Parte war outher feik, or ellis war in Cumpanie with thame that war feik, he choifit the Head of the Eift Forte of the Toun for his Preiching Place, and fa the haill jftude or fatt within, the fei-k and fufpe6tit without the Porte. The Text upoufi the quhilk his firft Sermone was maid, he tuik fra the Hundrethe and fevih Ffalme ; Lib. I. of Rcligioioi in Scotland. 4^ Pfalme ; the Sentence thairof. He fend hh JVorde and healed thame ; and thair- with joynit thir Wordis, It's mutter Herte nor FLiiJier, 0 Lordy hot thy IVnrde haillis ail. In the quhilk Sermone he maift comfbrtablic did intreat the Dig- nitie and Utilitie of God's Word, the Piinilchment that cumis for the Con- tempt of the fame"; the Promptitude of God's Mercy to fick as trewlic turne unto him ; yea, the grit Happinis of thame quhome God takis frnme this Miferie, evin in his awin gentill Vifitatioun, quhilk the Malice of Men can n uthcr eik nor pair. Be the quhilk Sermone he rayfit up the Hairtis of all that hard him, that ihay regairdit not Deyth, bot jugit thame mair happie that fbuld departe, than fick as (buld remane behind. Confiddering that thay knew not gif thay fould have fick a Comforter with thame at all Timis. He fpairit not to vifitte thame that laye in the verie Extremitie. He comfortic th.ime as that he mycht in fick a Multitude ; he caufit minifter all Thingis neceflarie to thame that micht u(e Meit and Drink, and in that Point was the Toun wondrous beneficial!, for the Puir was na mair negleftir than was the Riche. Quhill he was f^^ending his Lyif to comfort the afflifted, the Devill ceifit not to fteir up his awin Sone the Cardinal! again, quha corruptit, Be Money, a difperat Prcift, namit Sir Johnie IVicktoun, to (lay the (aid Mr.George quha luikit not in all Thingis (a circumfpecllie as warldlie Men wald have wi(chit. And upoun a Day the Sermone endit, and the Pepill departing no Man fufpe(5ling Danger, and thairfore not heiding the laid Mr. George the Preift that was corruptit ftude waitting at the Put of the Stepes, his Gown lous, and his Quhinger drawin into his Hand under his Gowne, the faid Mr George^ as that he was maift (chairp of Eye and Jugement, markit him and as he come neir, he (aid, My Friend qithat "wald ye do? And thairwith he clappit his Hand upoun the Preiftis Hand, quhairin the Quhinger was, quhich he tuk fra him. The Preifte abaifiit fell doun at his Feit, and opinlie con- feflit the Veritie as it was. The Noyis ryifing, and cuming to the Eires of the Seik, thay cryit. Deliver the Tratoitr to us, or ellis mce issill tak him be Force ; and fa thay thrift in at the Yet : Bot Mr. George tuk him in his Armes, and faid, ^ihojoevir trublis him fall truth me, for he has hurt me in no- thing, hot he hes done grit Comforte hayth to yow and me, to wit, he hes lattin us to underjiand, quhat --jue may feir, in Times to cum isoe '■jjill iicatche better : And {a he appeafit bayth the ae Pairt and the uther,and favit the Lyif of him that (bcht his. Quhan the Plague was fa ceifit, that almaift thair was nane feick, he tuk his Leive of thame, and (aid. That God had almaift put Bid to that Battel- he fand himfelf callit to ane uther; The Gentilmen of the fVeft had writtin unto him, That he foulde meit thame at Edinburghe; for they waJd require Difputa- tioun of the Bifchopis, and that he fotild be publilllie hard : Quhairto he wil- linglie agreit. Bot firft he palfit to Montrois, to falute the Kirk thair, quhair he remairi occupyit fum Tymes in preiching, bot maift Pairt in fecreit Me- ditatioun, in the quhilk he was fa ernift, that Nycht and Day he wald conti- new in it. Quhill he was (a occupyit with his God, the Cardinall drew a fe- creit Diaucht fir his Slauchter; he caufit wryt untb him ane Letter, as it had bein frnme his maift familiar Freind the Laird of Kinnyre, Lefyrirg him -with all poffhill Diligence to cum unto him, for he uas ftnicken "with a fuddane Seiknes. In the mein Tyme, had the Tratour provydii threfcoir Men, with Jackis and Speiris, to ly in Wait within a Mylle and a Half to the Tovn of Montrois for his Difpatche. The Letter cuming to his Hand, he maid Haift at the M fir ^o The Hijlorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. I. firft for the Boy had brocht a Hors; and (a with Cum honeft Men he paffit furth of the Toun, Bot fuddenelie he ftayit, and raufing a Space, returnit back • quhairat thay wondering, he faid, / will not go^ I am forhidd'm of God; I am affurit than is Treajon. Let [urn of you^ (aid he, go to yom Plaice^ and tell me quhcit thay find. Diligence maid, thay fand the Treafon as it was ; quhilk being (chawin, with Expedition to Mr. George, he anfwerit, / know that I fall end my Lyife in that bluid-thriftie Manis Handis ; hot it will not be of this Maner. The Tyme approching that he had apointit to meit the Gentilmen at Edinburghe, he tUk his Lejf at Montrois, and (air againis the Jugement of the Laird of Dunne he enterit on his Jorney, and fa returnit to Diindie. Bot remainit not, bot paffit to the Hous of a faythefull Brother, namit James Wat- fmn^ quha dwelt in Innergowrie, diftant from the faid Toun two Myillis ; and tKat Nycht, as Informatioun was gevin us by WilUame Spadone and Johie Watfoun, bayth Men of gude Credite, befoir Day he paffit fijrthe into a Yaird ; the (aid ^/7//a?«^ and 7^^^"^ followit privilie,and tukHeid quhathedid. Quhen he had gane upe and down into ane Alley a reffonabill Space, with money Siches and deipGrones,he plat doun upoun his Kneis,and fitting thairon hisGrones encreffit and frome his Kneis he fell upoun his Faice ; and than the Perfbnis foirnamit, hard Weiping, and as it war ane indigeft Sound, as it war of Pray- aris in the quhilk he continewit neir ane Hour, and efter begane to be quyet, and (a rais and come to his Bed. Thay that awaittit, preventit him, as thay had bein ignorant, till that he came in ; and then begane they to demand quhair he had bein ? Bot that Nycht he wald anfwer nathing. Upoun the Morne they urgit him agane j and quhill that he diffimulit, they (aid, Mr. George, le playne with «/, for we hard your Grones ; yea., we hard your Mourning., and faw you bayth upoun your Kneisy and upoun your Faice. With dejeftit Vilage, he (aid / had rather ye had bein in your Beds^ and it had bein mair profitable for you- for I was fkarce weill occupy it. Quhen they inftentlie urgit him to lat thame knw (iim Comfbrte ; He (aid, / will tell you that I ame affurit , that my Travel is neir ane End ; and thairfoir call to God with me, that now I Ihreink not, quhen the Battell waxis maift het. And quhill that thay weipit, and (aid, 'I'hat was fmall Comfort e unto thame. He anfwerit, God fall fende you Comfort, efter me. 'T'his Kealme fall be illuminated with the Lycht of Chriftis Evangell, als eleirlie as evir was any Realme, fen the Dayis of the Apojtles , the Hous of God fal he buildit into it, yea it fall not want ( quhatfoevir the Eiiemie imagine: in the contrair ) the verie Keape-Stane, mening, that it (buld be broucht to fvill Perfeftioun. Mouther, (aid he, fall this be lang to ; thair fall not mony fuffer efter me, till that the Glorie of God fall evidentUe appeir, and fall anis trimphe in Defpyte of Sathan. But allace ! gif the Pepill fall he J: efter unthankfull, thane feirfull and terribill jail the Plagues he that efter fall foU^ . Jow. And with thir Wordis he marchit fordwardis in his Jorney towardis Sq Johneftoun ; and (b to Fyfe, and than to Leyth, quhair arryvit, and heiring^ na AA/'ord of thame that apointit to meit him, to wit, the Erie of Caftllisy and the Gentilmen of Kyill and Cunynghame, keipit himlelf (ecreit a Day or tway. Bot beginning to waxe (brrowfull in Spreit, and being demandit of the Caus, of fick as was not in his Companie befoir, he (aid, ^ihat differ I from a deid Man, except that I eit and drink ? To this Tyme God hes uftt my La' lours to the Inftru^ionn of utheris, and to the difcloifing of Darbies ; and now I lurk, as a Man that war efchaimit, and durft not fchaw himfelf befoir Men. Be they and lyik Wordis, thay that hard him under(tude that his Defire was to preichej IB 1. of Rcilgionnin i)COtland. 5:1 preiche ; and tlinirfoir faid, Miiifi comfortable it war for us to heir you^ hot becain ■we hum the Danger^ qiiLiinn ye Jtaii^^ we dar not dejyre you. Bot dar ye and Jit her is heir, faid he, and than let wy Coa provy'de for we, as heft pleifis him. Fy- nallie, it was concludit, That the nixt Sonday he fould preiche in Leytb as that he did, and tuk the Text, The Farahill of the Sawer that went out to fava Serd Matrh. xiii. and this the fyftein Day bcfoir riii/l. The Sernione endit the Gentilmen ot Lanthiane, qiiha than war eirnelt Profellouris of Chriit Jt lis, thocht not expedient that he fould abyd in Leyth, bccaus that the Go- vernour and Cardinall war fchortlie to cum to Edinkirghe ; and thairfoir thay tuik him with thame, and kcipit him (limtymis in Brounftoun, fumtymis in Langnithrie, and fumtymis in Orniijhim; for they thre diligentlie way tit one him. The Sunday following, he preichit in the Kirk of Ii/i/ereji befydis M/,f filburgke, bayth befoir and at Eftemone, quhair thair was a grit Confluence of Pepill, amongis quhome was Sir George Douglas, quiio, efter the Sermone, (aid publicklie, / knaw that my Lord Go-jernour, and my Lord Cardinall fall heir that Ihave bein at this Preichwg ( for thay war than in Edinburghe. ) Say unto thame that I will avow it, and will not onelie mantein the DoHrin that I have hard but alfo the Perfone of the Teichar to the iittermoift of my Power. Quhilk Wordis gritlie rejoyflit the Pepill and Gentilmen than prefent. Ane Thing notable in that Sermone we can not paft by; amongis utheris come thair tway Gray Freiris, and ftanding in the Entrie of the Kirk dure they maid fum quhifpering to fick as come in, quhilk perceived, the Preiche- our faid to the Pepill that ftud neir thame, / hairtilie pray you to niakRonm to they twa Men, it may be that thay be come to leirne ; and unto thame he faid Cum neir, (for they ftud in the verrie Entrie of the Dure) for I affure yon ye fall heir the JVord of Veriiie, quhilk fall out her fill unto you this fame Day your Sahaticun or Condemnatioun \ and fa proceidit he in Doftrine, luppoifing that they wald have bein quiet: But quhen he perceavit thame ftill to truble the People that ftud neir thame, (for vehement was he againfi the fals wor- fchiping of God) he tournit unto thame the fecond Tyme, and, with ane awful Countenance, faid, 0 Serjeantis of Sathan, and Deceivers of the Saullis cf Men, will ye nouther heir Godis Treuthe, nor lujfer utheris to heir it ? JDe- parte, and tak this for your Portioun, God fall fchortlie confound and difclois your Hypocrifie within this Realme ; ye fall be abominabill unto Men, and your Places and Hahitatiounis fall be defolate. This Sentence he pronuncit with grit Vehemencie in the middis of the Sermone. And turning to the Pepii/ he faid, Tone wickit Men have provoikit the Spreit of God to Anger ; and Co he retumit to his Matter, and proceidit to the End. That Dayis Travell endir he come to Langnudrie, and the twa nixt Sondayis preichit in Tranent with the lik Grace, and lik Confluence of Pepill. In all his Sermonis, efter his Departure from Angus, he foirfpak the Shortnefs of the Tyme that he had to travell, and of his Deyth, the Day whereof^ he faid, aprochit neirer thart ony wald beleve. In the hinder End of thai Dayis that ar callif the Haliedayis of Tuill, pafl he (by the Confent of the Gentilmen^ to hadingtoun, quhair it was fun. pofit the gritcf^ Confluence of Pepill fhould be, bayth be Refoun of the Town and of the Cunrry adjacent. The firft Day Befornone the Audience war reflbnabill, and yit nothing in Ccmparifbun of that quhilk ifit to be in th?t Rirke: But the Eftemone, and the nixt Day following Befoirnone, the Auditours were (b fclender that mony wcnderit. The Caus was jugit to have M 2 bein ^2 ^Tbe Hijlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. bein that the Erie Bothell (quha in thay Boundis ufit to have grit Credite and Obedience) byProcurment of the Cardinall, had given Inhibitioun, afweill to the Toun as to the Cuntrey, that thay (buld not heir him nnder the Pane of his Difplefour. The firft Nycht he lay within the Toun with David Fo- refs, now callit General!, ane Man that lang hes profeffit the Treuth, and upoun quhome mony in that Tyme dependit. The fecound Nycht he lay in Lethlng- toun, the Laird quhairof was evir civill, albeit not perfwadit in Religioun. The Day following befoir the laid Mr. George paft to the Sermone, thair come to him ane Boy with ane Letter from the Weft Land, quhilk received and red, he callit for Johnne Knox, quha had awaitit upoun him cairfuUie frome the Tyme he came to Lawthiane ; with quhome he begane to enter in Purpois, That he wearyit of the Warld. The Caus of his Complaint was, the Gentilmen of the Wert had writtin unto him, that they could not keip Dyette at Edinburghe. The faid Johne Knox wonderit that he delyrit to keip ony Purpois befor Sermone, for that was nevir his accuftomeit Ule befoir, faid. Sir, the Tyme of Sermone aproch'ts, I will leive you for the prefent to your Medi- tatioun, and (a tuk he the Bill conteining the Purpois foirfaid, and left him. The laid Mr. George fpacit upe and down behind the hie Alter mair than half an Hour, his verie Countenance and Vifage dedarit the Grief and Alterati- oun of his Mind. At laft he paffit to the Pulpette, but the Auditour was fmall. He (buld have begune to have enterit the fecound Tabill of the Law, bot thairof in that Sermone he (pak verie little. He begune one this Ma- ner ; 0 Lord, how lang fall it be, that thy halie Word fall he defpyifit, and Men fall not regaird thair awin Sahatioun ? I have hard of thee, Hadingtoun, that in the wald have bein at ane vane Clerk Play twa or thre thou [and Pepilly and now to heir the Mejftnger of the Eternell God, of all the Toun or Parifche eannot he numberit ane hundreth Perfonis : Sair and feirful fall the Plagues be that fall en few this thy Contempt, with Fire and Sword fall thou be plaguit, yea, thou Hadingtoun in fpeciall, Strangeris fall pojffefs thee, and ye the prefent Inhabitants fall outher in Bondage ferve the Enemies, or ellis ye fall be chaiffit fra your Hahitatiouns ; and that hecaufe ye have not knawin, nor will not hiaw the Time of Godis tnercyfull Vifitatioun. In fick Vehemency and Threatning continewic that Servant of God neir an Hour and ane half, in the quhilk he declarit all the Plagues that enlewit, as planelie as efter our Eyne law thame perfbrmit. In the End he faid, / have foryet myfelf, and the Matter that I fould have intreitit of; but lat thir my laft IVordis, as concerning publiff Preich- ing, remane in your Myndis, till that God fend you now Comfort. Thairefter he made a (chort Paraphrafe upon the fecound Tabill, with an Exhortatioun to Patience, to the Feir of God, and to the Warkis of Mercie : And fb put an End, as it war, making his laft Teftament, as the Ifchew declarit, that the Spreit of Treuthe and trew Jugement war bayth in his Hairt and Mouthe ; for that fame Nycht was he apprehendit befoir Midnycht, in the Hous of Ormiftoun, by the Earl of Bothell, maid for Money Boucheour to the Car- dinall. The Maner of his talking was this : Departing frome the Toun of Hading- toun, he tuik his Gudnycht, as it war, for evir of all his Acquaintance, Spe- cially from Hew Douglas of Langnudrie. Johnne Knox preafing to have gane with the laid Mr. George, he faid. Nay, returne to your Bairnes, and God bits you, ane is fufficient for a Sacrifice. And he caufed a twa handit Sword, quhilk comonlie was caryit with the faid Mr. George, be tane fra the faid Knox, L 1 B. i. of Rclgioim in Scotland. 45 A'wx, quha ( albeit unwillinglie ) obeyit, and returnit with tiew Donglas of Ldngniidrte \ Mairter Gfo/,5^, having to accumpanie him the Lsird of Ormijiornty Johie Sandiehindy of CaUer younger, the Laird of Brouiijioun^ and utheris ^ vvith thajr Ser^■ands, part upoun thair Fute ( for it was a vehement Froft) to Ormil'toun. Efter Supper he held a comfortabill Furpois of the Deith of Godis chofin Children, and mirrclie faid, Me think that I dejyir ehneftlie to fleip ; and thairwith he (aid, We'* II fmg ane F/almey and ia he apointit the fyiftie ane Plalme, quhilk was put in Scottis Meitter, and began thus, Hwoe Mercie one me vow guide Lord^ efter thy greit Mercy. Quhilk being endit, he part to Chalmer, and foner nor his comoun Dyit was part to Bed, with thir Wordis, God grant quiet Reji. Betoir Midnycht the Place was befet about, that nana could efcaip to mak Adverteifment. The Erie Both'xell come and cryit for the Laird, and declairit the Furpois, and (aid, // was hut vane to mak him to hald his Hous ; for the Governoiir and the Cardinal!, with all thair Po-'juer, war cunwnd ; and indeid the Cardinall was al Elphingftoun not a Myill dirtant fi'om Ormil'toun: But and grf h ivald deliver the Man unto him, he wald promeis upoun his Honour, that he foitld be faif, and that it foidd pas the Power of the Cardinal to do him any Harme or Skayth. Allurir with thefe Wordis, and taking Counfaill with the (aid Mr. George (quha at thefirft Word faid, Oppin the Tetth; the bliffit Will cf ivy God he done ) they reilavit in the {aid Erie Both'jbell him(elf, with (um Gentillmen with him, tO quhome Mr. George faid, / prais my God, that fit honourabill a Man as ye, my Lord, receavis me this Nycht in the Prefens of thir Aobill Men : For now I am affnirit, that for your Honouris Saik, ye will fuffer J^'ofhing to be done unto me befyidis the Ordour of Law : I ame not ignorant that their Law is Nothing bat Corrupt loun, and a Cbick to jched the Bluid of the San^s. Bot yet I lefs feir to die opptnlie, than fecreitlie to be murtherit. The fiid Erie Eothwell ar.(^^•erlt, / fall not onelie preferve your Bodie from all Violence, that fall be purpofed againis you without Ordour of Law, bot alfo I promeis, heir in the P, efence of thir Gentilmen, that nouther jail the Governour nor Cardinall have their Will over you ; bot I fall retain you in my awin Handis, and in my awin Plaice, till that outher I fall mak you frie, or ellis reltore you in the fame Plaice quhair I reffcive you. The Lairds foirlaid (aid My Lord, gif ye will do as ye have fpokin, and as we think your Lordfchip will do, than do we heir promeis unto your Lordjchip, that not only we ourfelvis fall ferve you all the Dayis of our Lyif^ bot alfo we fall procure the haill Profejjouris within Lauthiane to do the fame. And upoun outher the Perfwafion -j- of this our Brother, or upoun his Deltverie unto our Handis agdne, we being reffonahlie adverteifit to reffave him, that we, in the Name and Behalf of our Freindis, fall deliver to your Lordfchip, or ony fufficient Man^ that fall deliver agane to us this Servand of God, our Band of Mamenty in Maner foirfaid. And this Promeis maid in the Prefens of God, and Handis ftraikit upoun bayth the Parties for Oblervatioun of the Promeis j the faid Mr. George was deliverit to the Handis of the faid Erie Bothvcell, quha immediat- lie departing with him, came to Elphingftoun quhair the Cardinal was, quha knawing that Calder younger, and Brounftotin war with the Laird of Ormi- ftoun, fend back with Expeditioun to apprehend thame ahb. The Noys of Horfmen being hard, the Servantis gave Adverteifment, that ma than was departit, or that was thair befoir was returnit : And quhill that thay difpuifj quhat fould be the Motive the Cardinalls Garifoun had feafit bayth the out- N Ward t Stv. Prefervatiguo. 5o The Hiftorie oj the Reformatioun Lib. I. ward and inward Cloift ; thay callit for the Laird, and for the Laird ofCal- der quho prefenting thamefelfis, demandit quhat thair Commiflioun was. To bring you twa, and the Laird of Brounftoun to my Lord Governoiir^ fay they. They war nathing content, as thay had no Caus j yit thay maid fair Counte- nance, and entreattit the Gentilmen to tak a Driiik^ and to hayt thair HorSy till that thay micht put thamefelfis in Redmes to ryd -with thame. In this mein Tyme, Brunftoun convoyit himfelf firft fecreitlie, and than be Speid of Fute to Ormiftoun Wode, and from that to Drundallane^ and fb efchaipit that Danger. The uther two war put in the Caflell of Edinburgh^ quhair the ane, to wit CaUer younger, remainit quhill his Band of Manrent to the Cardinall was the Meinis of his Deliverance ; and the uther, to wit Ormiftoun^ fred himfelf^ by leiping the Caflell Wall betwix ten Hours and ellevin befoir None j and (b breaking Waird, he e(chaipit Prifoun, quhilk he injufllie fufferit. The Servant of God Mr. George JVifcheart was caryit firft to Edinburgh^ thairefter brocht back, for the Faffiounis Saik, to the Houfe of Haillis agane, quhilk was the principall Plaice that thane the Erie of Bothwell had in Lauthiane. Bot as Gold and Wemen have corruptit all wardlie and flefchelie Men frome the Beginning, fb did thay him. For the Cardinall gave Gold and that lairgiie j and the Quein, with quhome the faid Erie was than in the Glonders, promeifit Favours in all his lawful! Suitis to Wemen, gif he wald deliver the faid Mr. George to be keipit in the Caflell of Edinlmrghe. He maid fum Refiftance at the firft, be RefToun of his Promeis : Bot ane effeminate Man cannot lang withftand the Allaultis of a gracious Quein ; and fa was the Servant of God tranfportit to Edinhurghe Caftell, quhair he remainit not manye Dayis ; for that bloodie Wolfe the Cardinall, evir thrifting the Blude of the Servant of God, fo travellit with the abuifit Governour, that he was content that God's Servant fould be deliverit to the Power of that Tirrane. And fo fmall In- verfloun being maid, Pylat obeyit the Petitioun of Cayaphasy and of his Fel- lows, and adjugit Chrift to be crucifyit. The Servant of God deliverit to the Hand of that proud and merciles Tiranne, Triumphe was maid be the Preiftis. The Godlie lamentit, and accuifit the FulifcheHes of the Governour : For be the retaininge of the faid Mr. George, he mycht have caufit Proteflants and Papiftis f rather proud Romaniftis ) to have fervite ; the ane to the End that the Lyif ofthairPreicheour mycht have bein favit; the uther for Feirthat he fbuld have fet him at Libertie agane, to the Confufioun of the Bifchopis. Bot quhair God is left ( as he had renuncit him plainlie befoir ) quhat can Counfaill or Jugement availl ? How the Servant of God was entreitit, and quhat he did frome the Day that he enterit within the Sea-tour of St, Androisy quhilk was in the End of Januarie in the Yeir of God i J46; unto the firft of Merche the fame Yeir, quhen he fufferit, we cannot tell, except we under- ftand he wraitt fumquhat being in Prefbun ; bot that was fupprefTit be the E- nemies. The Cardinall delayit na Tyme, bot caufit all Bifchopis, yea all the Clergie that had ony Preeminence, to be convocatit to St. yindrois agane the penult of Februfirie, that Confultatioun mycht be had in that Queflioun, quhilk in his Mynd wes na les refblvit, than Chriftis;Deyth was in the Mynd of Cay a- phas : Bot that the reft fould beir the lyik Burdein with him, he wald that thay fould befoir the Warld fubfcryve quhatfbevir he did. In that Day wes wrocht na lefs a Wonder, than was at the Accufatioun and Deyth of Chrift, quhan that Pylate and Herode, quha befoir war Enemies war maid Freindis, be confenting of thame bayth to Chriftis Condemnatioun, diflferis nathing, ex- cept L I B. I. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 5 1 cept that P\bte and Hero^e war Brethren, under thair Father the Dcvill, in the Elbit callit temporall, and thir twa, of quhome we ar to c;an^ to fpeik wer Brethren (Sonesto the lame Father the Devill J in the Eliait Ecclefiafticall. Gif we interlace Merrines with erneft Matters, pardone us gudc Reidare, for the Faft is fa notable that it defervis lang Memorie. The Cardinall wes knawin proude ; and Dunbar Archbifchopc of GLif^ow wcs knawin a glorius Fulle : And yit becaus fumtymes he was callic the Kingis Maifter, he was Chancellour of .^fo/Z./W. The Cardinall cumis evea the (ame Yeir, in the End of Harveft bcfoir to GLifgowe, upoun quhat Pur- pois we omitt. Bot quhill they remainit togither, the ane in the Toun, the urher in the Cartel 1 ; Queftioun ryifis for beiring of thair Crofs. The Cardi- nall allegit, be Reflbun of his CardinalKchip, and that he was Legatiis trains and Primate within Scotland, in the Kingdome of Antichrift, that he fbuld have the Preeminence, and that his Crofe ibuld not oneiic go bef(jir,bot that ahb it foud onelie be borne, quhairfbever he was. Gud Qtklton Glaikfton the foir- faid Archibifchope lacked na Reflbnis, as he thochf, for Manteinance of his Glorie. He -was ane Aichbilchope in his awin Diojie, and in his awm Cathedrall Sail and Kirk-, and thair fore aucht to gif Place to no Man: The Po-jucr of the Cardinall was bot beggit fra Rome, and aperteinit hot to hit awin Perfone, and not to his Bifchoprick ; for it mycht be that his Succeffour foiild not be Cardinall-, hot h's Dignitre was annexed with his Office, and aperteinit to all that evir foidd he B'fchnpis of Gla(gow Howfoevir thir Doutis war reflblvit be the Doclouris of Divinitie of bayth the Prelatis ; yet the Dccifioun was as ye fall heir. Cum- ing fijrth or ganging in ( all is ane ) at the Queir Dure of Glafgow Kirk, be- gane rtryving tor Stait betwix the twa Croce Beiraris ; /a that fra glouming rhay come to fchouldring, from (chouldring they went to Buffetis,and fra dry Blawis be Neiffis and Nevelling ; and than for Cherities faik, thay cryit, Difperfit dedit patiperibas, and aflayit quhilk of the Croces war fynefl Mettell, quhilk Staf was ftrongeft, and quhilk Bearar could belt defend his Maifteris Preeminence - and that thair fbuld be na Superioritie in that behalf^ to the Ground gangis bayth the Croces. And than begane na littill Fray ; bot yit a mirrie Game for Rocketis war rent, Tippetis war tome, Crounnis war knypfit, and fyd Gounis mycht have bein fein wantonelie wag fl'a the ae Wall to the uther : Mony of thame lackit Beirds, and that was the mair Pietie ; and thairfbir could not buckill uther be the Byrfs, as flim bauld Men wald have done. Bot fy on the Jack -men, they did not thair Dewtiej for had the ane Parte of thame rencounterir the uther, then had all gone rycht. Bot the Sandhiarie we fup- pois favit the Lyves of mony. How mirrilie that evir this be writtin, if was bitter Bourding to the Cardinall and his Court. It was more than Irregulari- tie, yea, it mycht weil have bein judgit Leifmajeftie to the Sone of Perditioun, the Faipes awin Perfbun ; and yit the uther in his Follie, als proud as ane Peacock, wald lat the Cardinall knaw that he was ane Bifchope, quhen the uther was but Beatoun, befoir he gat Mirbothe. This Inamitie was jugit mor- tal!, and without all Hope of Reconciliatioun. But the Bluide of the inno- cent Servand of God buryit in Oblivioun all that Braging and Boafl. For the Archbifchope of Glafgow was the firft unto quhome the Cardinall wrair, fignifying unto him quhat was done, and eimefHie craifiing of him, that he wald afTift with his Prefens and Counfaiil, how that fuch ane Enemie unto thair Eftait mycht be fupprefTit. And thairto was not the uther flaw, bot keipit Tyme apointir, fat nixt to the Cardinal!, voitit and fubfcryvit firft in N 2 the 52 The Hillorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. the Rank, and lay over the Eift Blockhous with the faid Cardinall, till the Martyir of God was conlumit withFyir. For this we man note, That as all they Beiltis confentit in Hairt to the Slauchter of that Innocent, (b did they approve it with thair Prelens, having the haill Ordinance of the Caftell of St. Androis bent towardis the Plaice of Executioun ( whiche was neir to the (aid Caftell ) reddie to have fchote, gif ony wald have maid Defence, or Refkew to Godis Servand. The Maner of his Acculatioun, Frocefs and Anfweris following, as we have receavit the fame from the Buik of the Martyris, whiche Word be Word we have heir infertit, and that becaus the faid Buik, for the grit Price thairof^ is rare to be had. Upon the laft of Februare wes fend to the Prefbun, quhair the Servand of God lay, the Dein of the Toun, be the Comandement of the Cardinall, and his wickit Counfaill, and thair flimondit the faid Mr. George, that he fbuld Upoun the Morn following appeir befoir the Juge, then and thair to gif ane Account of his feditious and hereticall Doftrine. To quhome the (aid Mr, George anfwerit, ^hat neidk^ (aid he, my Lord Cardinall to fumoiid me, to an- fwer for my Doffrine oppiniie befoir him, under quhais Power and Dominioun I ame thus ftraitlie bound in Tronis ? May not my Lord compell me to anfisoer to his extorted Power ? Or, belevit he, that I am unprovydit to render ane Accompt of my Doctrine ? To manifeft yourfelfis quhat Men ye ar, it is iioeill done, that ye keip your auld Ceremonies and Confiitutioun maid he Men. Upoun the nixt Morne, my Lord Cardinall caufit his Servantis to addres thamefelfis in thair maift warrelyck Array, with Jack, Rnapftall, Splent, Speir and Axe, more leiming to the Warre than for the Preiching of the trew Word of God. And quhen thes armit Champiounis, marching in warlyck Ordour, had convoyit the Bifchopjs into the Abbay Churche ; incontinentlie they fend for Mr. George^ who was convoyit unto the faid Churche, by the Captain of the Caftell, and the Number of ane hundreth Men, addrefTit in Maner foirfaid, lyk a Lambe led thay him to Sacrafice. As he enterit in the Abbey Churche Dure, thair was a puir Man lying vexit with grit Infirmities, asking of his Almous, to quhome he flang his Purs ; and quhan he came befoir the Cardinall, by and by the Suppryour of the Abbey, callit Dein Johnne Windrame, flood upe in the Pulpet, and maid an Sermone to all the Congrcgatioun thair than afTemblit, taking his Matter out of the xiii. Chapter ot Matth. quhois Sermone Wes de- vydit in four principall Parts. In the fird was a fchort and breif Declaratioun of the Evangelift. The fecond of the Interpretatioun of the gude Seid ; and becaus he callit the Worde of God the guid Seid, and Herefie the evill Seid, he declaired quhat Herefie was, and how it (buld be known ; he defyned it on this Maner, Herefie is ane fals Opinioun defendit with Pertinacitie, ckirlie re- pugning to the Word of God. The third VzxlQ of his Sermon was the Caus of Herefie within that Realme, and all uther Realmes. The Caus of Herefie, quod he, is the Ignorance of thame whiche have the Cuiris of Mens Saullis, to quhome it belangethe neceffarilie to have the trew Underftanding of the Word of God, that thay may be abill to winne agane the fals Do6i:ouris of Herefies, isohh the Sworde of the Spirit, whiche is the Word of God : And not onelie to winne agane, but alfb to overcum, as fayis the Apoftle Paull, A Bifchope moft be faultks, as it becumethe the Minifter of God, not ftulburne, not angrie, no Drunkard, no Fechtar, not gevin to fielthie Lucre, iut harberous, one that lovethe Gudms, fober myndit, rychteous, holie, tempnat, and fuche as cleavethe un- to the true Worde of Doiirine^ that he may he abill to exhort with wholfum Learn- Lib I. of Rcligwimm Scotland. 53 ing^ and to improve that -wbiche they fay agaitirt l/tm. The fotirtb Parte of hi? Sermone was, how Herefie fould be knawin. " Hcrcfie, quorh he, may be " knawin on this Maner, as the Gold-fmyth knowcthe the fyne Gold from the " imperfyit, by theTuiche-ftanc j fo lyikwys may we knaw Herefie by the un- " doutit Tuiche ftane, that is, the trew, fincer and undefylled Word of God " At the laft he addit, "That Heretyckis (buld bcputdouninthis prefentLyif- " to " the whiche Propofitioun the Go%\\ apeircthe to repugne, quhilk he entreitit « of, Lat thaine hthe grow unto the HarvelK The Harveft is the End of the " \Varld,nevirtheles he affirmit,that thay fould be put doun by the civil M-i^'. « ftrat, and Law." And quhan he endit his Sermone, incontinent thay cau^fit Mr. Ceorge to afcend in the Pulpit, thair to heir his Accufatioun and Artickies for richt againft him rtude up one of the fed Fleck, a Monfter, 'Johnne Lauder ladin full of Curfingis, Threatningis, Malediftiounis, and Wordis of devil- ifche Spyit and Malice, faying to the innocent Mr. George, Co niony cruell and abhominabill Words, and hitt him fa fpyitfullie with the Paipis Thunder that the ignorant Pepill dreidit lealt the Earthe thane wald have fwallowit'him upe quiA. Notwithflanding he ftud flill with grit Patience, heiring thair Sayineis not once moving nor changing his Countenance. When that this fed Sow had red throuche all his lying Meanacingis, his Face ryning doun with Sweit and froithing at the Mouthe lyk a Bair, he fpaf at Mr. George's Face f^yin"-* ^ihat anpxeris thou to thes Sayings, tho-j) Reuuigate, Tratour and fe'.rit thame in quhois Handis Gf^d deliverit him, and for thame he had 1 yed his NetMS fo lecreitlie, as that he maid a full compte, that thair Feit could ni^i efchaip, as we fall etter heir. And fumthing of his former Prafteis we man recompt. Efter the Pafhe he came to Eciinhurghe, to hald the Seinye, gs the Papiftis tearme thair unhappie Alfemblie of Baalis fchaven Sort. It was bruitit that fumthing was purpoifit againft him at that Tyme by the Erie o^ Angus and his Freindis, quhome he mortallie haitit, and quhois Deftrufti- ciin he fochr ; bot it failled, and Co retumit he to his Strenthe ; yea, to his God and onlieGimfbrt, alfweill in Haven as in Earthe ; and thair he remai- nit without all feir of Deyth, promeifing unto himfelf no les Plelur nor did the riche Man of quhome mentioun is maid by our Maifler in the Evangell ; for he did not onlie rejoyce and (ay. Eat and he glaid, wy Saull, for tbow hes grit Ryches layd up in Stoir for maiiie Dayis ; but alfo he faid, 'Tufche, a Feg for the Feid^and a Buttoun for the hr aging of all theHeretyikes and thair AJfiftance in Scotland : // not my Lord Governour myne ? Witnefs his eldeji Soiie thair Pledge at my Table. Ha've I not the ^uein at my a-yjin Devotioun ? He meinit of the Mother oCMarye that now mefchevouflie regnes .•* Is not France my Freind^and 1 Frewd to France ? ^,hat Danger fould I feir ? And thus in Vanitie the Cardinall delytit himfelf a litill befoir his Deathe. Bot yit he had devyfit to have cut of fuche as he thoicht mycht cummer him : For he had appoirtit the haill Gentilmen ot Fyiffe to have met him at Falkland the Mononday efter, that he was (layne upoun the Setter day. His treaflbnabill Purpois was rochc vrderftude, bot by his fecreit Counfaill, and it was this ; That Normond Leflie, Sh'ref^ r.f Fy'f, and appearand Air to his Father the Erie of Rothois ; the (aid Jcune Lefligy Fayther Brother to Normoundj the Lairdis of Grange j elder and Q 2 younger J 6^ 'The Hi/lor ie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. younger ; Sir James Learmonih of Darfie and Provoift of St. Androis ; and the faythfull Laird of Raythe, fould ether have bein Hayne, or ellis tane, and efter to have bein ufit at his Plefbur. This Interpryis was difcloifit efter his Slauchter parteHe be Letteris and Memoriallis found in his Chalmer, boc planehe affirmit by fuch as war of the Counfaill. Mony Furpoifes war devyi- fit how that wickit Man mycht have bein taikin away ; bot all faillir, till Fryday the 28th of Muit^ amo 1546, quhen the foirfaid Normond came at Nycht to St. Androis^ IVtlliam Kirkcaldie of Grainge youngar was in the Toun befoir awaytting upoun the Purpois. Laft came Johne Leflie foirlaid, who was moift fufpe^led : Quhat Conclufioun they tuik that Nicht it was not kniwin bot by the I(chew that followed. Bot airlie upoun the Settorday in the Morning, the 29th of Mail, war thay in flindrie Cumpanies in the Ab- bay Kirkyaird, not far diftant frome the Caftell : Firft, The Yettis being op- pin and the Draw-brig lattin down for receaving of Lyme and Stanis, and uther Thingis neceflarie for Building, for Babilon was almoft finifched. Firliy we fay aflayit William Kirkcaldie of Grange younger, and with him fex Per- fonis and getting Entres, held Purpois with the Porter, gif my Lord Cardi- nall was wakin ? ^A/ho anfwered, No: And fo it was indeid, for he had bein buffie at his Accomptis with Meftres Marioim Ogilhy that Nicht, who was efpyit to departe frome him by the privie Pofterne that Morning ; and thair- foir Ouietnes efter the Reullis of Phyfick, and a Morne Sleip was requifite for mv Lord. Quhille the faid William and the Porter talked, and his Ser- vandis maid thame to luik the Wark and the Warkmen, aproched Normond Leflie with his Cumpanie ; and becaus thay war no grit Number, thay eafilie eat Entres. Thay addres thame to the middis of the Clois, and immediatlie came Johne Leflie fumquhat rudelie, and foure Perlbnis with him : The Porter fearing, wald have drawn the Brig, bot the (aid Johne being enterit thairone,ftayit,and lap in : And quhill the Porter maid him for Defence, his Heid was brockin, the Keyis was taikin frome him, and he caftin in the Fowfie, and fo the Plaice was feiffit. The Warkmen, to the Number of mo than ane Hundreth, ran of the Wallis, and war without Hourt put furthe at the "Wickit Yet. The firft Thing that evir was done, fVilliame Kirkcaldie tuk the Gaird of the privie Pofterne, fearing that the Fox fould have efchaipit. Than go the reft to the Gentilmenis Chalmeris, and without Violence done to ony Man, thay put mo than fyifcie Perfonis to the Yet : The Number that interpryifit and did this, war but fextein Perfonis. The Cardinall wack- nit with the Schoutis, alkit frome his Window, Quhat meinit that Noyis ? It was anfwerit, That Normond Leflie had taikin his Caftell : Whiche under- ftaude, he ran 'to the Pofterne , bot perceaving the Paflage to be keipit with- out he returnit quicklie to his Chalmer, and tuk his two handit Sword, and garth Chalmerchyild caft Kiftis and uther Impediments to the Dure. In this mein Tyme came 'Johne Leflie unto it, and biddis oppin. The Cardinall aflc- ing, Who callis ? He anfwerit. My Name is Leflie. He redemands. Is that 'Normond? The uther fayis,Nay,My Name \s Johne. I will have Normond,fRyis the Cardinall, for he is my Freind. Content your felf with fuche as ar heir, fcr uther fall ye get nane. Thair war with the faid Johne, James Melvell, a Man familiarlie acquainted with the (aid Mr. George Wifcheart, and Petir Car- michell, a ftout Gentilman. In this mein Tyme, whyll they (orce at the Dure, the Cardinall hyddis a Box of Gold under Coills that war layd in a fecreit Corner. At lenth he alketh, Will ye fame my Lytf? The faid Johne ^tifvierA, I B. I. of Religioun in Scotland. 6'^ It may he that we will. Nay, fayis the Cardinall, Sweir uvto me by God'ts Womd'is, and I fall oppiii unto yow. Than anfwerit the laid Joi'n, It that was faid, is unfa id; and Co he cryif, Fire, Fire, for the Dure was verie ftark, and lo was brocht anc Chimhiy full of burning Coallis, quhilk pcrccavit, the Car- dinall or his Chalmer-chylde ( it is uncertain) oppinit the Dure, and the Car- dinall (at doun in a Chayrc, and cryit, / ame a Preift, I ame a Preift, ye -will tiot flay me. The Hiid Jobiie Le/lie, according to his former Vowis, ftraik him anis or twyis, and fo did the laid Fetir. Bot James Mehell, a Man of Na- ture moift gentill and moft modefl, perceaving thame bayth in Cholcre, with- drew thame, and laid, This JVark and fiigement of God, althocht it be fecreit yit aucht to be done mth grttter Gravitie. And preftnting unto him the Point of the Sword, faid, Repent the of tkyne former --joickit Lyif, but efpectallie of the fcbedding cf the Bluid of that notable Inftrimein of God, Mr. George Wileheart whide albeit the Flame of Fyre confumit befotr Mei/,yit cryis it, a Vengeaine upoun the, and ixe from God ar fent to revenge it. For heir befoir my God, I protell That nether the Hatrent of thy Perfone, the Love of thy Ryches, nor the Feir of ante Trouble thow (ould have done to me in particular, miiift, or movethe me to ftraik the ; bot onlie hecaus thaw hes bein, and remainis ane ohitinate Enemie to Chryiii Jefus and his holie Evangcll. And lb he ftraik him twyls or thryifs throw with a Stdge Sword : And (b he fell, nevir Word hard out of his Mouthe, bot / ame a Preift, I ame a Preift, fy, fy, all is gone. Whill they war thus occupyed with the Cardinal, the Fray ryiflis in the Toun ; the Proveift afll'mbles the Commonaltie, and cumis to the Fouieis Syde c. ying, ^ihat have ye done with my Lord Cardinall ? Where is my Lord Cardi- nall? have ye Jlaine my Lord Cardinall ? Let us fie my Lord Cardinall. Thay that war within anfwerit gentillye, The heft it war to yow to returne to your awin Houfes ; for the Man you call the Curdinall hes receaved his Reward mid in his awin Perfone will trouble the fVarld na mair. Bot then mor inragitlie they cryit, JVe fall nevir departe till that we fie him. And lb was he brocht to the Eirt Blokhoule Heid, and Ichawin deid over the Wall to the faythics Multitude, whiche wald not beleve befoir that it law. And fo they departit without requiem ^ternam, & requiefcat in pace, lung for his Saull. Now be- caus the "Wedder was hotte, for it was in Maii, as ye have hard, and his Funerallis culd not fuddantlie be prepaired, it was thocht beft ( to keip him frome ftinking) to give him grit Salt yneuche, a Cope of Leid, and a Nuck in the Bottome of the Sey-tour, a Plaice quhair mony of God's Children had bein imprifonit befoir, to await quhat Exequies his Brethren the Bilchopis wald prepair for him. Thefe Thingis we wrytte merrille, bot we would that the Reidar Ibuld obferve God's juft Judgmentis, and how that he can depre- hend the warldie Wyis in thair awin Wildome, mak thair Tabill to be a Snair to trappe thair awin Feit, and thair awin preluppoifit Strcnth to be thair awin Deftruftioun. Thele ar the Warkis of our God, wherby he wald ad- monifch the Tirrantis of this Earthe, that in the End he will be revengit 6f thair Cruehie, quhat Strenth lb evir they mak in the contrair. Bot fiiche is the Blindes of Man, as David fpeikes. That the Prfteritie dots evir follcw the Futefteppis of thair wickit Fathers, and principallie in thair Impiety : For how litill difFeris the Cruehie of that Baftard, that yit is callit Bifchope of Sanft Androis, frome the Crueltie of the former, we will efter heir. * The Deith of this foirlaid Tirrant was dolorous to the Preiftis, dolorous to the Governour, and moift dolorous to the Quein Dowagar: For in him R- perifched 66 The H.ftor'te of the Kejormatioun Lib. L peri(ched Faythfulnes to France^ and the Comfort to all Gentilwemen, and efpe* ciallie to wantoun Wedowis : His Deith muift be revengit. To the Court agane repaires the Erie of Jngus^ and his Brother Sir George. Labor is maid for the Abbacie of Abhirhrothe^ and a Grant was anis maid of the famyn, in Memorie quhairof George Douglas., Baftard Sone to the faid Erie is yit callit Poftulate. Bot it was mair proper ( think the Haumihoimis ) for the Governour's Kitcheing, nor for Rewaird to the Doughjjes ; and yit in Efperance thairof the (aid Erie and George his Brother wer the firft that votit, that the Caftell of San6V Androis fbuld be beleigit. The Bifchope, to declair the Zeall that he had to revenge the Deithe of him that was his Predeceflbur, ( and yit for his Wifche he wald not have had him leving agane ) ftill blew the Coalles. And firft, he caufTit fummond, then denunce accurfit, then laft, Rebells not onlie the firft Interpry(aris, bot all (ushe alfb as efter did ac- cumpanie thame : And laft of all, Siege was conduit, whiche begane in the. End of Jugu/i. For the 23. Day thairof departit the Souldeours frome Edm- hwh., and continewed neir to the End of Januar: At quhat Tyme, becausthey had na uther Hoip of winning it bot by Hunger, and thairof alfo they war dilpared for thai within had brockin throuche the eift Wall, and maid ana plaine Paflage by ane Iron Yer to the Sey, whiche gritlie relevit the Befeigif, and abafit the Befeigtrs ; for than thay (aw that they could not (fope thame of Viftuells unlefs that thay (buld be Maifters of the Sey, and that thay cleirlie underftude thay could not be ; for the IngUfche Schippis had once bein thair, and had biocht Wdhame Kirkaldte frome Londone., and with muche Difficultie ( becaus the (aid Yet was not thane prepaired ) and (um Lo(s of Men had renderit him to the Caftle agane, and haid taikin with thame to the Court of Jngland., Johne Leflie and Mr. Henrie Balmveisy for perfytting of all Con-< trads betwix thame and Ring Harie, quho promeiffit to taik thame in his Protefti'Jun, upoun Conditioun onlie, that thay fbuld keip the Governour's Sone, my Lord of Arrane., and ftand Freindis to the Contraft of Marriage, quhair- of before we have maid Mention. The(e Thingis cleirlie underftude, we lay, be the Governour and his Coun(aill, the Freiftis and (chaven Sorte, thay conclud to mak ane Appointment, to the End thar under Treuthe they micht ether get the Caftell bctray'd, or ellis fbme principall Men of the Cumpanie taikin at unawaires. In the whiche Heid was the Abbot of Diimefermeling Principall, and for that Purpois had the Laird Monquhahj, whiche was maift familiar with thame of the Caftell, labourit at Fute and Hand, and poceiddic fo in his Traflfick, that frome Entris upoun Day licht at his Plefur, he gat Licence to cum in upoun the Nicht quhenfbevir it pleafit him. Bot God had not apointed fo mony to be betrayed, albeit that he would that thay fould be punifched, and that juftlie, as heirefter we will heir. The Heidis of the coloured Appointment war. I. That thay fould keif the Caftell of SanH Androis, ay and quhill that the Gor vermur and Authoritie 0/ Scotland fould get unto thame ane fufficient Ahfolutioun from the Paip, Antichrift., of Rome, for the Slauchter of the Cardinall foirfaid. II. khat thay Jould deliver Pledges for Deliverie of thai Hous^ how fone th Abfoluuoun foirfaid was delivered unto thame. III. That thair Freindis, Familiares and Servands, and utheris to thame pertein. ing^ fould nevir be perfei/ned in the LaWy nor by the Law he the Author liie, for the Slauchter IB. I. of Rdigioun in Scotland. 67 Slaiichter foirfa'td. Bot that thay fould hruik ComoJiteis fp'tritnall ar temporally qiibatfoevir they poffejj'ed befoir the /aid SlauchteVj evin as gif it nevir bad be'tn comitted. IV. That thay of the Ciliell foidd keip the Erie of Arrane, fo Jang as thair Pledges war keipt. And fuche lyk Artickles libera! ancuche, for thay nevir myndit to kcip "Word of thame, as the Kchcw did declair. The Appointment maid, all the Godlie war glad; forfum Efpeiance thay had, that thairby God's Word fould fumquhat budde, as indeed Co it did. For Johne Rorjcgh (who (one efter the Cardinalls Slauchter entered within the Ca- ifteii, and had continewed with thame the wholle Siege ) began to preiche in St. Androis ; and albeit he was not the moift leirned, yit was his Doftrine without Corruptioun ; and thairfore weill lyked of the Pepill. At the Paiche efter, anno 1/47. come to the Caitell of St. Jndrois Johne Knox^ quho wearied of removing from Plaice to Plaice, be Reilbne of the Perftcutioun that came upoun him by this Bifchope of St. Androis^ was determined to have left Scot- land^ and to have vifited theSchooles of Germanie ( of Inglaiid {hzn he had no Plelbur, be Refl'one that the Popis Name being furprefted, his Laws and Corruptiounis remainit in full Vigor ) bot becaus he had the Cair of fum Gen- tilmenis Children, whome certane Yeirs he had nurifched in Godlines, thair Fathers (blicited him to go to St. Androis, that hisfelf micht have the Benefit of the Cal^ell, and thair Children the Benefite of his Doctrine ; and (b, we fay, come he the Tyme foir(aid to the faid Plaice, and having in his Cumpa- nie Franc! 5 Douglas of Langmidrie, George his Brother, and Alexander Cockknney then eldert Sone to the Laird of Ormiftouu, began to exercis thame efter his accuftomed Maner. Befyidis thair Gramar, and uther humane Authoris, he red unto thame ane Catechifrne, Accompt quhairof he cauHit thame gif pu- blicklie in the Paroche Kirk of St. Aidrois. He red mairover unto thame the Evangell of Johie, proceiding quhair he left at his departing frome Langnudrie, quhair befoir his Refidence was ; and that Leclure he red in the Chapell within the Caftell, at a certane Hour. They of the Plaice, bot elpe- ciallie Mr. Henry Balnaveis and Johne Roughe Preicheour, perceaving the Maner of his Doftrine, began earneftlie to travell with him, that he wald tak the preiching Place upoun him. Bot he utterlie refiiifit, alledging. That he wald not rin quhair God had not callit htm; meaning that he wald do nothing with- out a lawfull Vocation. Whereupoun they privelie amonges thamefeltes ad- vifing, having with thame in Cumpany Sir David Lindefay of the Mount^ they concludit, that thay wald give a Charge to the faid Johne, and that pu- blicklie be the Mouthe of thair Preicheour. And (b upoun a certane Day, a Sermone had of the EleiSioun of Minifleris, ' what Power the Corgregatioun, * how fmall that evir it was, pafTing the Number of two or three, had above * ony Man, in quhome thay flippoifed and efpyed the Giftis of God to be, and * how dangerous it was to refliis, and not to heir the Voice of fuche as de- * fyir to be inf^rufted.' Thefe and uther Heidi s, we fay, declaired ; the faid Johne Roughe Preicheour dircfted his "Words to the faid Johne Knox, fayir.g. Brother, ye fall not be ojfendit, albeit that I fpeik unto you, that ischiche I have hi Chairge, evin from all theis that ar heir prefent, uhiche is this. In the f^me of God, and of his Sone Jefui Chrifi, and in the "Name of theis that prejentlie tallis yow by my Mouthe, I charge yow, that ye refuis not this holie Vocatioun^ hot R 2 as ^8 The Hifiorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. as ye tender the Glorie of God^ the Increfce of Chriftis Kingdome, the Edifcatmin of your Brethren^ and the Comfort of me^ quhome ye iiuderftaiid weill aneuch to he opprejfed hy the Multitude of Labours ; that ye tak upoun yaw the public Office and Charge of Preaching^ evin as ye luik to avoydGodis hevie Difpleftr^ and defyre that he fall multiplie his Graices with yow. And in the End he (aid to theis that war prefenr, Was not this your Chairge unto me ? And do ye not approve this Vocation ? They anfwerif, It was, and we approve it. Quhairat the faid Johne abafhed, bruft furthe in maift aboundant Tearis, and withdrew himfelf to his Chalmer ; his Countenance and Behaviour from that Day, till the Day that he was compelled to prefent himfelf to the publid Plaice of Preich- ing, did fufficientlie declair the Greif and Trobill of his Hairt ; for no Man faw ony Signe of Mirthe of him, nether yit had he Plefour to accompany ony Man, monye Dayis togither. The Neceffitie that caufit him to enter in the publift Plaice, befydis the Vocatioi'.ii foirlaid, was Deane Johne Anan, a rottin Papift, had lang trublit Johne Roixhe in his Preiching : The (aid Johne Knox had fortified the Dodrine of the Freicheour by his Fen, and had beattin the faid Deane Johne trom all Defences, that he was compellit to flie to his laft Refuge, thr.t is, to the Authority of the Churche, Whiche Authority, {aid he, damnethe all Lutherahes and Heretyikes ; and thairfoir he neidit no farder Difputatioun. Johne Knox an- fwerit Befoir that we hald ourf elves, or that ye can prove us fufficientlie convi^, •we mu/i defyne the Churche, by the rycht Nottes gevin to us in God's Scriptures of the trew Churche. IVe muff decern the immaculate Spous of Jefus Chrift ^ frame the Mother of Confnfioun, fpirituall Babilone, leift that imprudentlie we embrace a Harlate injieid of the chaifte Spous. Yea, to fpeik it in playne Words ; leaji that we fubmitte ourjelves to Sathan, thinking that we fubmitte ourfelfs to Jefus Chrift : For, as for your Romane Kirk, as it is now corrupted, and the Authori' tie thairof, quhairon jiandis the Hope of your Viflorie, I no more dout, hot that it is the Synagoge of Sathane, and the Heid thaiof, callit theFa'ip, to he thatM.zn of Syn, of quhome the Apoftill fpeikis, than that I doutte, that Jefus Chrift fuf ferit by the Procurement of the vifible Churche of Jeru(alem. Tea, I offer myfelf by Word or Writte, to prove the Romane Churche this Day, farder degenerate frame the Puritie, whiche was in the Dayis of the Apoftles, then war the Churche of the Tewis from the Ordinance gevin be Moyfes, quhen they confentit to the in- nocent Deithe of Jefus Chrift. Theis Wordis war fpokin in oppin Audience in the Pariche Churche of St. Androis, efter that the (aid Deane John Anan had {pokin quhat it pleifit him, and had refuifit to difpute. The Pepill heiring the Offer, cryit with ane Content, We cannot all reid yonr JVryttingis, bat we may all heir your Preachingis : Thairfoir we requir you in the Name of God, that ye will lat us heir the Probatioun of that whiche ye have affirmit : For if it be trew we have bein miferablie deceavit. And (b the nixt Sonday was apointit: to the (aid Johne to exprefs his Mynd in the publift preicheing Plaice, whiche Day aprocheing, the (aid Johnne tuk the Text writtin in Daniell the vii. Chapter, beginning thus. And ane uther King fall rys efter thame, and fall be unlyik to the firft, and he fall fubdew thrie Kingis, and fall fpeik Wordis a- gainft the moift Heich, and fall confume the SanHis of the moift Heich, and think that he may change Tymes and Laws, and thay fall be gevin unto his Handis, imtill a Tyme, and Tymes, and dividing of Tymes. In the Beginning of the Sermone, he (chew the grit Love of God towards his Churche, quhome it pleifit to foirwarne of Dangers to come (a mony Yeirs befoir thay came to pas IB. 1. of K J gioim tfi Scothnd. 6^ pas. He brevelie intreartir the FPair of the ffralitis, qiihn then war in Bon- dage in BitluloN, for the moilt Pare ^ and maid a fchni t JDacours ot the four Impyrcs, the Babilouione^ the Petjiatfe, that of the Ceikii^ and the fourt (;f the Romanes, in the Del^rurtioun quhairof rais up that laft Bcilt, uhichc he affirmit to be the Roitwne Churche ; for to none uther Power that evir hes yit bein, do all the Notes that God hes fchawin to the Propheit apertein, ex- cept to it allone, and unto it th^y do lb properlie aperttin, that fuchc as ar not more than blind, may cleirlie fie thame. Bot befoir he began to oppin upe the Corruptioun of the Papdtrie, he defyncd the trew Kirk, fchew the rrew Notes ot it, wherupoun it was buildit, quhy it was the Pillar of Ve- ritie, and quhy it could not erre, to wit, Beuius it hard the Voice of the awin Paftor Jef'o' Chi ft, waU not heir a Stranger, nether yit i»aU be caryed about with everie Kynd of Do^riiie. Everie ane of thes Heids fufficicntlie declaired, he cnterit upoun the con- trair, and upoun the Nottes gevin in his Text, he fchew that the Spirit of God in the New Teftament gave to this King uther Names, to wit. The Man of Sin, the Aitichnfi, the fVhore of BaMon. He (chewit. That this Man of Sin, OT Antichryft, was not to be reftrayned to the Peribne of ony ane Man cnlie, no more than be the fourt Beift was to be underftude the Peribne of ony ane Emperour. Bot be fick Names the Spirit of God wald foirwarne his choifin of a Body and a Multitude, having an wicked Heid, quha (buld not onelie be fin full his felf, bot that allb fbuld be Occalioun of Sinne to ail that fbuld be fubjeft unto him (as Chrift Jefus is the Caus of Juftice to all the Members of his Bodie) and is callit the A}itichriji, that is to lay, ane contrair to Chrift, becaus that he is contrair unto him in Lyif, Dnchiue, Laisos^ and SubjeSiis. And thair begane he to difcipher the Lyifis of divers Faipes, and the Lyifes of the Schavelmgis for the molt Parte : Thair Do6i:rine and Lawis he planelie provir to repugne direftlie to the Lawis and Do6trine of God the Father, and of Chrift Jeliis his Sone. This he provit by conferring the Doftrine of Juflificatioun exprefTit in the Scriptures, whiche teiche that Man is jufiified be Fayth onVe; That the Bluid of Jef/is Chrift purgis us from ail our Stnis : And the Doftrine of the Papifts, whiche attributed Juflificatioun to the Warkis of the Law, yea, to the "Warkis ot Menis Inventioun, as Pilgra- mages, Pardonis, and uther fick Baggage. That the Papifticall Lawes re- pugnit to the Lawes of the Evangell, he provit by the Lawes maid of Ob- (ervatioun of Dayis, abfteining frome Meatis, and from Mariage, whiche Je- fus Chrift maid frie ; and the forbidding quhairof, Sanft Fauil callis the Do^rine of Devills. In handling the Notres of that Beift gevin in the Text, he willit Men to confidder giff thes Nottes {Thair fall ane aryis, inlyik unto the uther, having a Mont he fpeiking grit 'Thingis and blajphemous) could be ap. plyed to ony uther, bot to the Paip, and his Kingdome: For gif thefe, laid he, be not grit Words and blafphemous, the Succeffour of Petir, the Vicar of Chiift, The heid of the Kirk, moji bolie, moft hlifftt, that cannot erre 'y that may tnak rjcht a wrang, and wrang of rycht ; that of nothing may mak funiquhat ; and that had all Veritie in the Schryne of his Breift ; yea, that hes Fo-jjer of all, and none Power of him. Nay, nocht to lay. That he dois wrang, althoch he drain/ Ten thoufand MiUioun of SauUis with himfelf to Hell. Gif thes, faid he, and many uther abill to be fchawin in his awin Cannoun-Law, he not grit and blafphemous Words, and fick as nevir mortal! Men fpak befoir, let the Warld juge. And yit, faid he, is thair ane maift evident of all, to w/>, Johne in S hi9 70 The Hi/lor ie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. his Revelatioun (ayis. That the Merchandice of that Babilonhme Harlote, a- mongs uther 'Thlngis^ fall be the Bodeis and Saulles of Men. Now lat verie Pa- piftis thamefelves juge, Gif evir ony befoir thame, tuk upoun thame Power to relax the Paynes ot thame that war in Purgatorie, as they affirme to the Pepill that daylie they do, by the Merittis of thair Mes, and of thair uther TrifFellis. In the end, he fiid, Gif ony heir ^and thair war prefent Mr. Johie Mair, the Univerfitie, the Sup-pryor, and mony Channones, with film Freiris of baith the Ordours) tliat will /ay, Tiiat I have aleagit Scriptures, Doftor, or Hiftorie', utherwayes thane it is writtin, lat thame cum unto me with fuificient Witne(res, and be Confeirence I fall lat thame fie, not only the Onginall quhair my Tertimonies ar writtin, bot I (all prove, That the Wryttars men't as I have fpokin. OiFthis Sermone, whiche was the firft that evir Johime Knox maid in publid, was thair divers Bruittis : Sum faid^ utheris hued the Branches of Papiftrie, bot he ftraikerhe at the Rute, to de- ftroy the whoUe,, Utheris faid, Gif the Doftors, and Magiftri noftri^ defend not now the Pape and his Awthoritie, whiche in thair awin Prefence is fb manifettlie impugnit, The Devill have my Parte of h'm, and his Lawh hothe, Utheris faid, Mr^ George IVifcheart fpak nevir (b planelie, and yit he was brunt, evin fo will he be. In the End utheris faid. The Tirranie of the Cardinall maid not his Caus the better, nether yit the Suffering of Godis Servand maid his Caus the wors. And thairfoir we wald counfaill yow and thame to pro. vyde better Defences than Fyre and Sword ; for it may be that ellis ye fall be difapointed ; Men now have uther Eyis than thay had than. This Anfwer gave the Laird o{Nydre,z Man fervent and uprycht in Religioun. TheBaf^ard Bifchope, quho was not yit execrated, confecrated they call it, wrait to the Suppryor of St. Androis, quho (fede vacante') was Vicar General, That he wonderit that he fufferit fick Hereticall and Schifmaticall Doftrin to be taucht, and not to oppone himfelf to the fame, Upoun this rebuiSc, was a Conven- tioun of Gay Freiris and Black Feindis appointed, with the faid Sup-pryor Deane Johne Windrame in St. Leonards Yairds, quhairunto was firft callit Johne Roiighe, and certane Artickles red unto him. And thairefter was Johnne Knox callit for. The Caus of thair Conventioun, and quhy that thay war callit, is exponit. And the Artickles war red, whiche war thefe. I. No mortall Man can he the Head of the Chiirche. II. The Paipe is ane Antichryft, and fo is no Member of Chriftis mifiicall Bodie. III. Man may nether mak nor devys a Religioun that is acceptabill to God, lot Man is hound to ohferve and keip the Religioun that fra God is reffavit, mthout chopping or changing thairof. IV". The Sacramentis of the New Teftament, aucht to le miniftrate as they "war inftituted by Chrili Jefus, and praffifit be his Apofiles, nothing aucht to be addtt unto thame, nothing aucht to he diminifched frome thame. V. The Mes is abhominahill Idolatrie, Uajphemous to the Leyth of Chrift, and a Prophanatioun of the Lordis Supper. VI. Thair is no Purgatorie, in the whiche the Saullis of Men can nether le pyned or purged efter this Lyif. Bot Hevin reftis to the faythfull, and Hell to the^ reprobate and imfaythfull. VII. Praying for the deid is vane, and to the de'td is Idohtrie, ' VIII, ^hair IB. I. of Rcligioun tn Scotland. 7 1 VIII. Thair is no Bifchop'is^ except they preicke ev'in by thiimefehifj without oiiy Suhftitute. IX. The ^eindis by Godis Law do not aperttin of Neceffitie to the Ktikmett. The Strangenes, faid the Sup-pryor, of thefe Artickles whichc ar gatherit furth of your Do6lrine have movit us to call for yow, to heir your awkl Anfwers. Jobne Knox (aid, I for my Parte prais my God, tha' I fit- Co ho- horabill, and apearandlie fo mbdeft and quiet ane Auditour : Bot becaus it is lang fince that I have hard, that ye ar one that is not ignorant of the Treuthe, I man crave of yow in the Name of God, yea, and I appeill your Confcience befoir that (uppreame Juge, that gif ye think ony Artickle thair exprelTit, contrarious unto the Treuthe of God, That ye opponc your (elf plainlic unto it, and fuffer not the Pepill thairwith to be diflavit. Bot, and if in your Conlcience ye knaw the Doctrine to be trew, than will I crave your Fatrocinie thairto ; that by your Authoririe the Pepill may be movit the rather to beleve the Treuthe, quhairof mony doubtis, be refl;jne of our Yeuthe. The Sup pryour anfwerit, I cam not heir as a Juge, but onelie fa- miliarlie to talk, and thairfoir I will nether allowe nor yit condemne. Bot gif ye lift, I will relTbne. The 5up-pryiour. - ^hy may not the Kirk, faid he, for gude Cauifes devyis Ceremonies to decoir th6 SacramentiSy and tither Gods Service. Jchne Knox. Becaus the Kirk aucht to do nothing, hot in Fayth, and aucht not to go be* foiKf bot is bound to follow the Voice of the trew Pajiour. The Sup-pryour. tt is in Fayth that the Ceremonies ar comandit, and they have proper Significa' tioun to help our Fayth, as the Hardis in Baptifme fignifie the Roughna of the Law, and the Oyle the Softnes of Gods Mercie ; and lyikwyis everie ane of the _ Ceremonies hes a -godlie Significatioun \ and^ thairfoir they hothe proceid fiome Fayth, and ar done into Fayth. Johne Knox. It is nocht ynoughe that a Man invent a Ceremonie, and then g'f a Slg- niicatioun according to his Plelbur. For (b micht the Ceremonies of the Gentilles, and this Day the Ceremonies of Mahomet be manteined. B< t if ony Thing proceid frome Fajth, it moift have the Worde of G'd for the Aflurance. For ye ar not ignorant. That Fayth cumes by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God. Now gif ye will prove that your Ceremonies proceid frome Fayth, and do pleis God, ye muift prove that God in exprels Wordis has commandit thame. Or ellis fall ye nevir prove that thay proceid froine Fayth, nor yet that thay pleis God ; bot that thay ar Sin, and niverfitie fould preiche in the Paroche Kirk his Sonday about. The Supprior began, followit the Official!, callit «S]!)z?/^// (Sermones penned) to oflfend no Man, followed all the refl in thair Rankis : And fo Johne Knox fmelled out the Craft, and in his Sermones, whiche he maid upoun the Weak Dayis, he prayed IB. I. of Keligwun in Scotland. 75 prayed to God, That thay fould be als bufie in preiching, quhair thair fould be mair Mirter of it then thair was thair then, yii'uayh., (aid he, / prays God^ that Chilli Jejus is preached^ and iiotbiiig is /aid puhluliie againji the Doc- trine that ye have hard :, if tn my Abfens they fall [peak any Things -xhicb in wy Pre fence thay do not, I proteft^ that ye Jufpend your Judgment y till that it pleis God ye heir me againe. God (o ailifted his weak Souldeour, and Co blelFit his Labouris, that nor on- lie all thois of the Cartell, bot al(b a grit Number of the Toun openlic- pro- feflit, by Participatioun of the Lord's Table, in the fame Puritie that now it is miniftrate in the Kirks of Scotland^ with that fame Doftrine that he had tauchr unto thame. Amongis quhome was he that now ether reullis or ells mill rewUis Scotland^ to wit. Sir James Balfor^ (bmetimes callit Maifter Jamei^ the cheif and principall Proteltanr, that than was to be found in this Realme. This we wryte, becaus that we have hard, that the lame Mr. James alleges, that he was nevir ot this our Religioun; bot that he was brocht upe in Murtynes Opinioun of the Sacrament, and thairfor he cannot comunicatc with us. Bot his awin Confcience, and two hundrcth Witnefles befyidis know, that he lies, and that he was ane of the cheif ( if he had not bein eftcr Cuppis ) that wald have gevin his Lyif, gif Men micht credite his VVordiS, for Defence of the Doftrine, that the (aid Johne Knox taucht. Bot albeit that ihos that nevir war of us, ( as none of Monequhaimeis Sons have (chewed thame(elfis to be ) deporte frame us, it is no grit Wonder : For it is proper and natural), that the Children followe the Father ; and lat the Godlic beware of that Race and Progenie; for if in thame be eyther Feir of God, or Love of Vertew, farder than the prefent Comoditie perfwadis thame, Men of jLJge- ment ar deceaved. But to returne to our Hiftorie. The Preiftis andBiichopis inraged at all thele Proceidingis that war inSanft Androis, ran nowupoun the Governour, now upoun the Quein, now upcun the U'hoUe Counfaill ; and thair mychte have bein hardComplayntis andCryis,^/,/'^;/^ ar we doing ? Sail we fuffer this haill Realme to be infected with pernicious DoiHrine? Fy tipoun yoiv, and fy upoun us. The Quein and Mai(ier d" Ofell, quho then was a fecretis mulierum in the Court, comforted thame, and willit thame to be quiet ; for they (buld fie Remedie ere it war longe. And (b was provin in- ckid ; for upoun the penult of Junit apeirit in the ficht of the Cafiell of Sr. Androis twentie ane Frenche Gallayis, with a grit Armie, the lyik quhairof was nevir fein in that Firthe befoir. This treafbnabill Meane had the Go. vernour, the Bifchope, the Quein, and Monfieur cPOjell, under the Appoint- ment drawin. Bot to excufe thair Treflbne, eicht Dayis befoir, they hed prefented unto thame ane Abfblutioun, as fent from Rome, conteining, efter the Aggravatioun of the Cryme, this Claus, Remittimus irremijfibde, that is, \\e remit the Cryme that cannot be remitted ; whiche confident be the maift of the Company that was in the Caftell, Anfvver was gevin, 'That the Governour and Counfaill of the Realme, had promeifit unto thame ane Jufficient and affured Abfolution, which that appeired not to be ; and thairfoir culd they not deliver the Hous, Mouther thoucht they that ony reffonabdl Man wald require thame fo to dOy confidering that Prcmeis was not keipit unto thame. The next Day efter that the Galayis arryved, they fummoned the Hous, whiche being denyed, becaus they knew thame no Magif^ratis in Scotland; they prepaired for Siege. And firfi^ They began to afault by Sey, and fchot two Dayis : Bet thairof they nether gat Advantage nor Honour j for they dang doun the Sklaittis of Houles, T a bot 76^ The Hiflorie of the Re/ormatioun Lib. L bot nether flew Man, nor did Harme to ony Wall ; bot the Caftell handlit thame Co that Saiiila Barbara ( the Gunneris Goddeife ) helpit thame no- thins • for they loft mony of their Rowers, Men chayned in the Galayis, and fum Souldiouris bayth be Sey and Land ; and farder ane Galay that aproched neirar nor the reft, fo was doung with Cannoun, and uther Ordinance, that fche was flopped under Water, and (b almoift drowned, and (b had bein, war not that the reft gave hir Sucours in Time, and drew hir firft to the weft Sands, without the Schotte of the Caftell, and thairefter to Bundle^ quhair they re- mained till that the Governour, who was then at the Siege of Lange-ho'jpe, came unto thame, with the reft of the Frenche Faftioun. The Siege by Land was confirmed about the Caftell of St. Jiidrois^ the 28, Day of Julie. The Trenches war caft, Ordinance was planted upoun the Abbay Kirk, and upoun Sanft Sahator's College, and yit was the Stiple thairof burnt, which fo noyed the Caftell, that nether could they keip their Block-hous, the Sey-tour Heid, nor the weft Wall ; for in all thefe Places Men war flayne by grit Ordinance ; yea, they mountit the Ordinance fo heiche upoun the Abbay Kirk, that they micht difoover the Ground of the Clois in divers Places. Mairover within the Caftell wes the Peft and divers thairin dyed, whiche mair aifrayit fom that was ihair- in then did the externell Force without. Bot Johiie Knox was of ane uther Tugment : For he evir (ayd, 'ihat thair corrupte Lyif could not efcaip Pun'ijh- ment of God: And that wes his continuell Advertifment, fra the Tyme that he was callit to preiche. Quhen thay triumphed of thair Vidorie, the firft twentie Dayis they had mony profperous Chances, he lamented, and evir faid They fa'w nochte quhat he jaw. When they braggit of the Force and Thicknes of thair Wallis, he faid, They foiild be but Ege-fcheUis. When they vanted Ingland will refl}anc -^ quhair the principal Gentilmen, quho luckit for Fredome, were difperfed, and put in fundrie Prifonis ; the reft war left in the Gallayis, and there miferablie entreatit, atnongeft quhom the foirfaid Mr. James Balfour was, with his two Brethren Da'vU and Gilbert^ Men with- out God ; which we write, becaus we heir that the faid Mr. Jawes^ princi- pal! Miigyider now of Scotland^ denyis that he had aniy Thing to do with the Caftell of St. JiiJroi.i, or yet that evir he was in the Gallayis. Then was the Joy of the Papilts, bothe in Scotland and France^ even in full Perfeflion for this was thair Sang of Triunnphe. Preifi'is content yaw no--jv, Prteflis content yow now ; For Normond and his Cumpanie hes fillit the Gallayis fow. The Paip wrait his Lettcris to the King of France^ and (b did he to the Governour of Scoll.ind, thanking thame hairtlie for taiking Paines to revenge the Deithc of his kynd Creature the Cardinall of Scotland, defyrand them to continew in thair begun Severitie, that fuch Things after fbuld not be attempt- ed : And Co war all thofe that war deprchendit in the Cafltll, damned to ptrpeti'ell Prifone. And fo jugit the Ungodly that cftcr that in Scotland fouid Chrift Jefus nevir have triumphed. One Thing we can not pafs by • From Scotland was fent ane famous Clerk, (lauche not Reader) Mr. Johne HamHtone of Milburne, with Credite to the King of France, and unto the Car- dinall of Lorane, and yet had nether Frenche nor Latin, and fum fay his Scot- iifche Toung was not verie gude. The Soum of all his Negotiatioun was, that thois of the Calieil fbuld be fcharplie handlit j in whiche Sute he was hearcl with Favours, and was difpatched fra the Court of France with Letteris, and grit Credite, whiche that famous Clerk forget by the "Way ; for he pafling upe to the Craig of Dunilartane, befoir his Letteris were deliverit, he brack his Neck ; and fb God tuk away a proude ignorant Enemie. But now to our Hiftnrie. Thefe Thingis againf^ Promeis (bot Princes have no Fidilite farder than for thair awin Advantage) done at Rowane, the Galayis departed to Nances in Bartanzie, quhair upoun the Water of Lore they lay the haill Winter. In Scotland that Summer was nothing bot Myrthe ; for all gade with the Preiftis at thair awin Plefure. The Caftell of St. Jncirois was rafed to the Ground, the Blokhous thairof caft down, and the Wallis round about demo- lifched. Quhidder this was to fiilfill thair Law, whiche comandis Places quhair Cardinallis ar flain fb to be ufed ; or ellis for Feir that higland fbuld have takin it, as efter they did Brochtie Craig, we remitt it to the Juge- ment of fick as was of Counfaill. The fam Yeir in the Begining of September enterit into Scotland ane Ar- mie of Ten thoufand Men fi-ome Ingland by Land, and fum Schippis with Or- dinance came by Sey. The Governour and the Bifchope heirof adverteifir gatherit together the Forces o^ Scotland, and afTemblit at Edinburgh. The Pro' teftour oi Ingland, with the Erie of fVar-aick, and thair Armie, remained at Preftoioiy and about Pre/loiinpants ; for they had certane Offeris to be proponit U unto 78 The Hijlorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. I. unto the Nobilitie of Scotland, concerning the Promeis befbir maid by thame, unto the whiche King Harie befoir his Deithe gentillie required thame to ftand faft ; and if they (b wald do, of him nor of his Realme thay fbuld have no Trubill, bot the Heipe and the Comfbrte that he could mak thame in all Things lawful!. And heirupoun was there a Letter direft unto the Gover- n6ur and Counlaill, which cuming to the Handis of the Bifchope of St. Jn- dro'is, he thoucht it could not be for his Advantage, that it fbuld be divul- gate; and thairfoir by his Craft it was fupprefled. Upoun the Friday the Sevinth of September^ the Iiiglifche Armie marched towards Leyth^ and the Scottis Armie marched from Ed'mlmrgh to Inereske. The haill Scottis Armie was not afTemblit, and yet the flcirmifching begane, for nothing was concludit but Viftory without Straik, The Proteftour, the Erie of Warwick, the Lord 6rajy, and all the Inglifche Captanes, war playand at Dyce : No Men war ftouter nor the Preiflis and Chanones, with thair fhavin Crounis and black Jackes. The Erie of Warwick and the Lord Gray^ quha had the cheif Chairge of the Horsmen, perceaving the Hoft to be mo- lefled with the Scottis Pricheris, and knowing that the Multitude war ne- ther under Order nor Obedience, (for they war divided fra the great Army^ fent furth certane Troupes of Horfmen, and fbme of thare Borderaris, eyther to fetchf thame, or ellis to put thame out of thare Syght, fb that they mycht not annoy the Holi The Skarmifche grewe hot, and at lenth the Scottifhmen gave back, and fled without gane Turne. The Cheafe continewed far, bayth towards the Eafl: and towards the Weaftj in the whiche mony war flayne, and he that now is Lord Home was tane, whiche was the Occafion that the Caftell of Home was after randered to the hglifchemen. The Lofe of thefe Men neyther moved the Governour nor yit the Bifchope his Baflard Bro- ther, they (buld revenge the Mater weall anewch upoun the Morne ; for they war Hands anew, (no Word of God) the Eiiglifche Heretykis they had no Faces, they wald not abyd. Upon the Setterday the Armyis of both Sydis' paft to array. The Engltfcle Army talks the mydle Parte of iviw/j^i? Hill, having thare Ordinance planted befoir thame, and having thare Schippes and two Galayis broucht as neir the Land as Watter wald lerve. The Scottifche Army flood firft in ane reflonable Strenth and good Ordour, having betwix thame and the EngUfche Army the Watter of Esk (otherwyfe called MiiJJilburgh Watter.) But at lenth a Charge was gevin in the Governour's Behalf, with Sound of Trumpett, that all Men (buld marche forwarde, and go over the Watter. Some fay, that this was procured by the Abbote of Dmnfermelwge, and Mr. Hew Rig^ for Prefervatioun of Carbarry. Men of Jugment lyiked not the Jorney ; for they thoucht it no Wifdome to leave thair Strenth. But Comandment upoun Comandment, and Charge upoun Charge was gevin, whiche urged thame fb, that unwil- lingly they obeyed. The Erie of Angus hem^ in theVangard, had in his Cum- pany the Gentilmen of Fyfe^ Angus, Mernis, and the Wefl Land, with mony utheris that of Luif relbrted unto him, and efpeciallie thofe that war Profeit (burs of the Evangell; fijr they fupp6i(it that Ingland wald not have maid grit Purfliit of him. He pafl: firft throuche the Watter, and arrayed his Hoft di- reft befoir the Enemies. Followed the Erie of Hmtlie, with his Northland Men. Laft come the Duik, haifing in his Cumpany the Erie of Argyil/, with his awiu Freindis, and the Body of the Realme. The hglifchemen perceaving the Danger, and how that the Scottifchemen intendit to have tane theToppe of the Lib. I. of Rcljgioim in Scothnd. 7^ Hill, maid Haift to prevent rhcPerrell. The Lord Crjy was comandit to gif the Chai.'ge with his Men of Armes, which he did, albeit the Armie was verie unlyklie; lor the Erie of yliigns HoU flood even as aWall, and receaved the firft Afl'aulters upoun the Pointis of thair Speiris (whiche war longer than thofe of the Inglifcbewen ) Co rudclie, that fyiftie Hors and Men of the firl^ Rank lay deid at ones, without ony Hurt done to the Scotufche Arm)', except that the Speiris of the former two Ranks war brokin ; which Dilcomfiture receaved, the refl of the Horfmen fleade, yea, fum part beyond Faj'y'id Hill. The Lord Gray himfelf was hurt in the Mouthe, and plancly denycd to chairge aganc; for he (aid, // Is alyik to rime agahift am J J' all. The Galayis and the Schipis (and fb did the Ordinance planted upoun the mydle HillJ Ichotte terriblie • bot the Ordinance of the Galayis fchuitting longis the Scotth Army frayed thame grettumlie. And quhill that everie Man laubouris to draw from the Northe, from quhence the Danger appeired, they begin to reill, and with that war the/;4?/'y?/YFutemen merching fordward, albictllimof thair Horfinen war upoun the Flycht. The Erie of Angus Armie flood (till, luiking that ether rhe Erie of HuntUe^ or the Duke, f()uld have recountercd the nixt Battell • but they had decreed, that the Favourers of Inghmd, and the Heretyikis (as the Frciftis called thame^ and the Inglifchemen fbuld parte it betwix thame for that Day. The Fear ryfis, and at ane Infl;ant thay whiche befoir war Viciours, and war not yit aflaulted with ony Force, except with Ordinance, as (aid is, caff from thame thair Speirs and fledj Co that Godis Power was fb evidentlie lene, that in ane Moment, yea^ at ane inftant Tyme, bothe the Armeis war fie- ing. The Schoute came frome the Hill, from thefe that hoped no Viftorie upoun the Inglifch Parte; the Schoute ryfis, we (ay, Tbey flie^ they flie : But at the firft it could not be beleved, till at the laft it was clearlie (ene, that all had gevin Backis, and then began the cruell Slauchter, whiche was gritter by RefTone of the late Difpielbur of the Men of Armes. The Chafe and Slauchter lefted till neir Edinburgh upoun the ane Parte, and be-weft LaL keythe upoun the uther. The Number of the Slayne upoun the iScottes Syid, war nye Ten thoufand Men judged. The Erie of Binitlie wns taikin and caryit to London: Bot he relevit himfelf, being Suirtie for mony Ranfbmes, Honeftlie or Unhoneftlie, we knaw not, bot as the Bruit was, he u(ed Policie with Inglvid. In that fame Battel was (layne the Maifter of Er skin ^ deirlie belovit of the Quein : For quhome fche maid grit Lamentatioun, and bure his Deythe mony Dayis in Mynd. When the Certaintie of the Difcomfitour came, fche was in Ed'm- lurghe^ abydding upoun Tyddingis. Bot with Expeditioun fche poiftit that lame Nycht to Str'mling^ with Moiifieur D'Ofell^ who was als fleid as ane Fox quhen his Hoillis fmoiked. And thus did God tak the fecound Revenge upoun the perjured Govemour, withe fuche as afTiftit him to defend arc injuft Quar- rel! ; Albeit mony Innocents fell amongis the middes of the Wicked. The Inglifche Armie came to Leyth^ and thair takin Ordour with thair Prefoners and Spoyle, they returned with this Viftorie, whiche thay luikit not for, to Ingland. That Winter following war grit Hearfchippis maid upoun all the Borders of Scotland, Erochtie Craig was tane be the Inglifchnen, befeagit be the Governour, bot (till keipit; And at it was flayne Gauane, the befl of the Haumihonnis, and the Ordinance left. Quhairupoun the Inglifkmen incurag- ed, began to fortifie upoun the Hill above Brcdtie Hous, whiche was callit, The Fort o/Brochtie, and was very noy(bum to DundiCy whiche it bruht and U a layd 8o The Hi/lorie of the Reformatioun Lib. L layd wafte ; and To did it the maift Parte of Angus that was not aflured, and under Freindfchip with thame. That Lanetrane following was Hadingtoun fortify ed by the Inghfhmeti : The moft Parte of Laut hi ane, from Edinburgh Eift, was ether afllired or laid waift. Thus did God plague in every Quarter. Bot Men war Blind, and wald not, nor could not confidder the Caus. The Lairds Ormilioun and Btounftoun war ■ banifched, and efrer forfatted, and Co war all thois of the Caftell of St. An- drois. The fure Rnawledge of the Trubillis of Scotland cuming to FrancCy thair was prepaired ane ' Navye and Armie. The Navy was fuch as nevir was fein to cum fra France for the Supporte of Scotlande ; for befyidis the Gallayis, being than Twentie twa in Number, they had Thrie (coir grit Schipis, befydis Vittalleris. How (one lb evir they tuke the plaine Seyis, the Read Lyoun of Scotland wzs difplayed, and thay haldin as Rebellis unto France^ (^fuche Folic ie is no FalfJjoode in Princes) for gude Peice ftude betwix France and Ingland. And the King of France approved nothing that they did. The cheif Men to quhome the conducting of that Armie was comitted, war Monfieur Dandelote, Monfieur de Termes, and Peir de Strois. In thair Jorney they maid fum Heirlcheip upoun the Coift of Ingland, bot it was not greit. They arryved itl Scotland in May anno i 549. The Galayis did vifite the Forte of Brochtie, bot did no moir at that Time. Preparatiounis war maid for the Seige of Haddingtoun, bot it was another Thing that thay meint, as the If- chew declaired. The whole Bodie of the Realme alTemblit, the Form of a Parliament was fett to be haldin thair, to wit, in the Abbay of Haddingtoun. The principall Held was, the Mariage of the Princefs (by thame befoir con- tracted to King Edward) to the King of France, and of hir prelent Deliverie, be relTone of the Danger that (che ftude into,by the Invafioun of our auld Ene- mies of Ingland. Sum war corrupted with Buddis, dim decevit by flattering Promeifes, and fum for feir war compellit to content j for the Frenche Soul- dearis war the Officiaris of Armes in that Parliament, The Laird of Bal- cleuch a bludie Man, with mony Goddis Woundis, fwore, They that wald not confent Jottld do war. The Governour gat the Ducherie of Chattellarault, with the Ordour of the Cokle, with a full Difchairge of all IntromifTiounis with King 'James the Fyift his Treafure and Subftance quhatfbevir, with Poffefli- oun of the Caftell of Dumbartane, till that Ilchew fould be fein of the Queinis Body. With thos and utherConditiounis ftude he content to fell his Soverane furth of his awin Handis, whiche in the End will be his DeftruCtioun ; God thair- by punifching his former Wickitnes, gif fpedie Repentance prevent not Godis Tugmentis, whiche we hairtlie wifche. Huntelie, Argyill, and Angus war lyik- wys maid Knychtis of the Cockle ; and for that and uther gude Deidis refla- vit, thay fauld alfo thair Parte. Schortelie, none was found to refift that in- iuft Demand. And fo was fche fauld to go to France, to the End, that in hir Youth, fche fbuld drink of that Likur that fbuld remain with hir all hir Lyfe tyme for a Plague to this Realme, and for her finall Deftruftioun. And thairfoir, albeit that now a Fyre cumis out from hir, that confumis mony, lat no Man wonder, fche is Godis Hand, in his Difplefbur, punifching our former Ingratitude. Lat Men patientlie abyid, and turne unto thair God, and then fall he eyther deftroy that Hure in hir Whuredome, or ellis he fall put it in the Hairtis of a Multitude to tak the fame Vengeance upoun hir that hes bein tane ofjefahell and At halia, yea and of utheris of quhome prophane Hiftories mak mentioun,for gritter Abhominatioun was iifivir in the Nature of ony Wo- man Lib. I. of Rcligiotintn Scotland. 8 1 man than is in hir, quhairof we have but fein onlie the Buds, but we will cfter tairt of the ryip Frure of hir Impitie, if God cutte not hir Dayis fchorr. But to returnc to our Hiltorie. This Conclufioun takin, That our Quein, bot farder Delay, fould be deliveric to France, the Seige continewis, grit fchuitting, bot no aflaulting, and yit they had fair Occafioun offered unto thame ; For the higlifmen approcheing to the Toun, for the comforting of the befeigit, with Pouder, Vittuallis, and Men loiTit an Armie of fex thousand Men. Sir Robert Bo'juis was tane, and the* mairt Parte of the Borderers was eyther takin or flain. And fb mycht the Toun juftly have defpirit of ony farder Succouris to have bein luikit fijr. Bot yit it held gude ; for the Ibuc Courage and prudent Government of Sir Jamei rVolfmde Generall, quho (b encouraged the haill Captanes and Souldean^ that thay determined to die upoun the Walls. Bot trome theTyme that the Frenche- men had gottin the Bone, for the whiche the Do^^e barked, the Purfuite of the Toun was flaw. The Seige was rayfit, and (che was convoyed by the Weft Seyis to Frame, with four Galayis and (um Schipis. And Co the Cardinal of Lorane gat hir in his keiping ; a Morfell, I aflure yow, meit for his awirt Mouth. We omit mony Thingis that occurrit in this Tyme, as the fitting down of the Schipe, callit, The Cardinal!, the faireft Schippe in France betwix St. Colmes Inch and Craiimonci, without ony Occalioun, except Negligence for the Day was fair, and the Wedder calme, bot God wald Ichaw that the Coun- trey o( Scotland C2in beir naCardinalls. In this Tyme alio was thair ane Com- batte betwix the Galayis and the higVis Schippis. They fchotte franklie a quhille Ane Inglifche Schippe tuk Fyre, or ellis the Galayis had cumit fchort Home and, as it was, they fled without Mercie till that they war above St. Co/me* Inche, the Captanis left the Galayis, and tuk a Forte maid upoun the Inche for thair Defence ; bot the IngUfcke Schippis maid no Perfute, except that thay brunt the Cardinal!, quhair that fche lay, and fo the Galayis and the Galay- men did bothe efchaip. Ordour was takin, that nixt September, fum Galayis fould remain in Scot- land^ and that the reft fould retourne to France, as that thay did all, except one, that was takin by ane hgUfche Schip, (by ane Englifche Schip onlie we (ay ) as that thay war pafTing betwix Lover and Calyce. That Winter remainit Monfieur de Termes in Scotland, with the Bandis of Frenche Men ; they fortifyed Imerejk^ to ftay that the Inglifche Men fould not invaid Edinburgh and Leythe. Sum Skirmilches ther war betwix the one and the uther, bot no notable Thing done, excepte that the French Men had almoift taikin Haddingtoun ; the Occafioun quhairof was this. The French Men thinking thamfelfis more then Maifters in all Partis ot Scotland, and in Edinburgh principallie, thoucht they could do no Wrang to no Scotifch Man J for a certane French Man deliverit ane Culverang to George Tod Scottis Mari, to be ftockit, quho bringing it throw the Streit, ane vither French Man clamed it, and wald have reft it fra the (aid George ■ boc he refifted, alleging, that the Frenche Man did Wrang : And fa began Par- ties to aflemble, alfweill to the Scottifche Man as to the Frenche-, fo that two of the Frencle Men war ftruckin down, and the reft chaifled, from the Croce to the Nudryes Wyind Heid. The Prcjveift being upoun the Streit, ap- prehendit two of the Frenche Men, and was carying thame to the Tolbuyth : Bot frome Monfieur ^'£#^xLugeingand Clois, ifchit f\ixi\[Q Frenche Men, to* X the 82 The Hi/iorie of the Re/ormatioun Lib. I. the Number of thrie (coir Perfbnis, with drawin Swords, and refifted the (aid Froveift. Bot yit the Toun aiTembling repulfit thame, till that they came to the Neyther-bow, and thair Monfieur la Cbappell, with the haill Bandis of Frenche Men in Armes, rencunterit the Froveift, and violentlie repulfit him, ( for the Toun was without Weaponis for the maift Parte ) and maid Inva- fioun upoua all that they met. And firft in the Throte of the Bow war flayne, David Kirk and David Barbour ^ being at the Proveiftis Baclc, and thairefter was flayne the laid Froveift himfelf, being Laird of Steimous and Captane of the Caftell, James Haumiltoim his Sone, William Chapman a godlie Man, Mr. Walter Stewart^ IVilliam Pitrves, and a Woman named Elizabeth Stewart ; and thairefter taryit within the Toun by Force,frome fyve Hours, till efter fevin at Nycht and tlian retyred to thair Canongait, as to thair Receptacle and Re* fuge. The whole Toun, yea, the Governour and Nobilltie comoved at the Un- worthines of this bald Attempt, cravit Juftice upoun the Malefaftors, or ells they wald tak Juftice of the Haill. The Quein craftie ancuche, Monfieur dt Effie and Monfieur dVfell labourit for Pacificatioun, and did promeis,77'tz/ im~ lefs the Frenche Men by thamefelfis allone fuld do fuche ane Acf^ as niicht recom- tens the JVrang that they had done^that than thay foud not refiiisJ->ot that Juftice foitld he executed upoun thame to the Rigour. Theis fair Wordis pleifit our Fuillies, and lb war the Frenche Bands the nixt Nicht dire61ed to Hadingtoun^ to the whiche they approched a little etter Midnich, ^o fecreitlie, that they war ne- vir elpyed, till that the former war within the Ba(s Court, and the haill Cum- pany in the Churche Yaird, not twa Pair of Buttis Lenthis diftant from the Toun. The Inglifche Souldearis war all alleip, except the Watch, whiche was Iklender and yit the Schout ry'iks^ Bowes and Billis ! Bowis and Billis! whiche is a Significatioun of extreim Defence, to avoyd the prefent Danger in all Tounes of Ware. The affrayed aryifes, Weaponis that firft came to Hand (erve for the Neid : One amongeft mony came to the Eift Porte, quhair lay twa grit Peices of Ordinance, and quhair the Enemies war knawin to be,and cryis to his Fellowis that war at the Yet making Defence, Ware befoir. And fb fyres a grit Peice, and thairefter ane uther, whiche God Co conduced, that efter thame was no firder Perfuit maid ; for the Bulletis redoundit frome the Wall of the Frear Kirk, to the Wall of St. Catherenis Chapell, whiche flude direft foment it, and fra the Wall of the laid Chapell, to the Wall of the (aid Kirk agane Co oft, that thair fell moe then ane hundrethe of the Frenche Men, at thefe two Schottis onelie. They fohotte oft, but the Frenche Men reteired with Diligence, and returned to Edinburghe, without Harme done, except the Diftruftioun of fum drinking Beir, whiche lay in the (aids Chapell and Kirk: And this was Satisfaftioun more than aneughe for the Slaughter of the (aid Captane, and Froveift, and for the Slauchter of (iiche as war (lain with him. This was the Begginning of the Frenche Fruites. This Winter, in the Time of Chriftinmesy was the Caftle of Home recoverit frome the Inglijche Men, by the Negligence of the Captain named Dudelie, This Winter alio did the Laird ot Rathe moift innocentlie fufl^er,and efter was foirfalted, becaus that he wrait a Bill to his Sone "Johne Mehill, who then was in Ingland^ whiche was alleged to have bein found in the Hous of Ormi~ ftoun : But mony fufpe6led the Paukes and Craft of Kmiane Cokburne, now caHit Capetane Rw^yefl??^, to quhome the (aid Letter was deliveritj bot how(b- evi|: it was, they cruell Beiftis, the Bifchope of St. Androis and Abbote of Dumefermeling Lib. I. of Rcligiounin Scotland. 83 Dnniefcniidiiig, ceafir not, till'that the Heid of the faid Nobillman was Itricken frome himi tipeciallie becaus that he was knawin to be anc that unfeinyiedlie favoured the Treuthc of Godis Word, and was a grit Freind to thois that war in theCallill of St. Aiu^rois ; of quhois Deliverance, and of Goddis wondrous Working with thame during the Time of thair Bondage, we man now ipeik, Icift that in fupprefling lb notable a Work of God, we micht juaiic be accufit of Ingratitude. And fillip The Principallis being put in fundrie Houfcs, as befjir we have (aid, greit Lalouris war maid to mak thame havea gude Opinioun of the Mefs, hot cheiflie Travell was taikin upoun Nonuound Leflie, the Laird of Giaiigc, and the Laird of PitmUIie^ who war in the Caftili of Sheri/loiirghe that thay wald cum to the Mefs with the Captane, who anfwerit That the Captain had Comaiidmeiit to keip thair Bodies, tot he had lio Fo-^er to comand thair Co nf deuces. The Captane reply ed, 'Jhat he had Po-iijer to comand and to compell thame to go whair he geid. Thay anfwerit, That to go to ony lawfiill Plaice --Jiith him, they wald not refiiis j hot to do ony T'hing^ which -joas agaiiiji ihair Coi/fcience,they wa'dnot, neyther for him, nor yit for the King. The Cap- tane faid, IVill ye not go to the Mefs ? They anfwerit. No; ana gif ye wald compell lis, yit will we difpleis yow farder ; for we fall fo ufe oitrfeljis thair, that alt thof that ar prefent fall know, that we difpyte it. Thefe fame Anfwers and fum- quhar (chairper, William Kirkcaldie, Peter Carmichell, and fuche as war with thame in Mont Sanft Michell, gave to thair Captane : For they (aid They Kcild not onelie hear Mefs every Day, hot that they wold helpe to fay it provydin? that thay micht ftick the Preifiis, or ellts thay wald not. Mr. Henry Balnaveis who was in the Cartel! of Rowen, was maift (chairpelie aflaulted of all • for becaus he was jugit leirned ( as he was, and is indeid ) rhairfoir leirned'Men war appointit to travell with him, with \\ home he had mony Conflit^es. Bot God fo evir aflifled him, that thay departit confoundit, and he by the Power of Godis Spreit, remained conftant in the Treuth and Profefliioun of the lam, without ony wavering or deciyning to Idolatrie. In the Prefoun h» wrait a maift profitabill Treatife of Jii/iificationn, and of the JVarks and Con' lerfatioitn of a jiiftifyed Man ; but how it was fuppreflit we knaw not. Thefe that war in the Galayis war threatnit with Torments, gif thay wald not eif Reverence to the Mefs; for at certane Tymes the Mefs was faid in the Ga- layis, or ellis hard upoun the Schore in Prefence of the Forfaris bot they culd nevir mak the pureft of that Cumpany to giv Reverence to that IdoJle • yea when upoun the Sattirday, they fang thair Sahe Kegina, the haiil Scottis Men put on thair Capis, thair Hoodis, or fuche Thingis as thay had to cover thair Heidis ; and when that utheris war compellit to kifsa painted Brodde whiche they callit, Noftre Lame, they war not prealled efter ones ; for this was the Chance. Sone efter thair Arryvell at Nances, thair grit Salve was fung, and a glorious painted Ladie was brocht in to be kifrit,and amongefl utheris was pre- fented to one of the Scottis Men then chainyeid. He gentillie faid, Trnble tne not-, fuche ane Idolle is accirrfit; and thaiifoir I will not iitiche it. The Patrone, and the Arguefyn, with two Officiers, having the cheifChairge of all fuche Matters, faid, Thcw fall handle it. And fo they violentlie thruift it to his Faice, and pat it bctwix his Hands, who feing the Extremitie, tuke the Idolle, and advyf tlie luiking about, he caift it in the Rever, and faid, Lat cur Ladie now fave hirfelf; fche is lycht anetiche, lat hir kirne lo f%yme. Efter that was no icotiis Man urgit with that Idolatrie. X 3 Thefe 84 The Hiftorie of the Kejormatioun Lib. L Thefe ar Thingis that appeir to be of no gritte Importance, and yit gif we do rightlie confider, they exprefs the (am Obedience, that God requyred of his Pepill Ifraell^ quhen that thay fould be carryed to Babilon ; for he gave Chairge unto thame, that when thay (buld fie the Babylomanes worfthip their Gods of Gold, Silver, Mettell and Woode, that thay fould fay. The Gods that have not maid the He'mms and Eirthe Jail perifche from the Heivin, and out of the Eirthe : That Confeffioun gave that whole Number, during the Tyme of thair Bondage, in the which, wald God, they had continewed in thair Fre- dome; for then had not Maimer James Balfour bein Official], neyther yit borne a Kape, for Plefbur of the Bifchope. Bot to proceid, the faid Mr. James and Johne Knox being intill one Gallay, and being wondrous familiair with him, wald oft Tymes afk his Jugment, Gif he thoicht that evir they fould be deliver it? Whofe Anfwer was ever, fra the Day that thay enterit into the Gallayis, That God wald deliver thame frome that Bondage^ to his Glorie evin in this Lyif And laying betwix Dundie and Sanft Jndrois, the fecound Tyme that the Galayis arrived to Scotland^xhe faid JohmKnox being fb extremly feik, that few hoiped his Lyif; the faid Maifler James willit him, to luik to the Laud, and afhed him, if he knew it ? Who anfwerit, Tis, I knaw it weil-, for I fie the Steiple of that Plaice, quhair God firft oppinit niy Mouth in public to his Glorie, and I ame fullie perfxadit, how waik thut evir I now appeir, that I fall not depart this Lyif, till that my Toung fall glorifie his godlie Name in the fame Plaice. This reported the faid Mr. James, in Prefens of mony famous WitnefTes, mony Yeirs befoir that evir the faid johne fet his Fure in Scotland, this laft Tyme to preiche. William Kirkcaldie then of Grainge younger, Petir Carmichill, Robert and William Lejlies, quho war altogether in Mont St. Michell, wrait to the faid Johne, asking his Counfaill, Gif they micht with faif Confcience braik thair Pre- faun ? Whofe Anfwer Was, That gif without the Bluide of any fched, or fpilt by thame for thair Deliverance, they micht fet thamefelfis at Fredome, that they micht favelie tak it ; bot to fched ony Manis Bluid for thair Fredome, thairto he wald nevir confent. Adding farder, T'hat he was affurit that God wald deliver thame and the reft of that Cumpanie, evin in the Eyies of the Warld^ but not be fuche Meanis as we had luikit for, that was by the Force of Freindis, or by thair uther Labours. By fuche Means he affirmed they fould not be deliver- ed, but that God wald work fb in the Deliverance of thame, that the Prais thajrof fould redound to his Glory only ; he willed tharefbir that everie ane to tak the Occafioun that God has offered unto thame, provyding that they did nothing againft God's exprefs Comandement for the Deliverance of thame- felfis. He was the more earnefl in geving his Counfaill, becaus that the auld Laird of Grange and uthers repugned to thair Purpois, fearing leafl that the efchaping of the uthers fould be ane Occafioun of thair worle Intreatment : Whairunto the faid Johne anfwered, T'hat fuch Feir proceided not from Codis Spreite, but frome a blind Luif of the Self; and thair foir that no gude Purpois was to be flayed for Thingis that war in the Handis and Power of God. And added. That in one Inftant God had deliverit all that Cumpanie into the Handis of unfaythfull Men, but fo wald he not releve thame, but fum wald he deliver by one Meanes, and at one Time, and utheris muji abyid for a Seafone upoun his gude Plefour. This Counfall in the End was embraced upoun the Kingis Evin, quhen Frenchemen comounly ufe to drink liberaliie. The fbirfaid four Perfonis having the Heipe and Condufiing of a Boy of the Hous, band all ' " ' thofe Lib. I. of Rcligioim in Scotland. 85 thofe that war in the Caftcll, put thame in fundrie Houfes, loked the Dures upoun thame, tukc the Keyis from the Captane, and dcpairted without Harnie done to the Pcrfone of ony, or without tvviching of ony Thing that apper- teined to the King, the Captane, or the Hous. Create Searche was maid throw the haill Cuntrcy for thame ; but it waS God's gude Plefour fo to condui?l thame, that thay cfchapcd the Handis of the faythles, albeit it was with long Travel!, and great Pane, and Poverty fulbancd ; for the French Boy left thame, and tuk with the fmall FoCc that they had : And Co neyther having Money, nor the Knowlege of the Cuntry- and farder fearing Icaft the Boye fbuld delcryve thame, as that in very Deid he did, they tukPurpofe to devide thamefelfis, to change thair Garments, and to go in fundrie Partes ; the two Brethren Rohrt and IViU'unii Lcflies, (quho now ar become, the faid Robert efpeciallie. Enemies to Jedis Chrift and to all VertewJ came to Rowaue. JVilliam Kirkcaldte and Pci'ir CarmicheU in Beggaris Garment came to Coiiqiiet^ and by the Spaice of twelf or thretrein Weakes they travellit as pure Mariners frome Porte to Porte, till, at Jenthe, they gat ^neFreuche Schippe, and landed in theWefte, and from thence came xo IvglauJ^ where they mett befoir thame the faid JoI:i:e KnoXy who that fam Winter was delivered and Alexander Clerk in his Cumpany. The faid John was firrt appointed Preicheour to Berwick^ then to Newcaftell^ laft he was called to Londone^ and to the South Partes of England^ whair he remaned to theDeithe oC^mz^Ed-v^ard the Sext. When he left England^ thea part: he to Geneva^ and thair remaned at his privy Study, till that he was cal- led by the //ig///?/-d' Congregatioun that than was airembllt at Franfffiirde^ to be Preicheour to thame ; which Vocatioun he obeyed, albeit unwillinglie, at the Gomandemenc of that notable Servand of God /"/'W Cahine. At Franff- fiirde he remaned till that fun\ of the Leirned, whofe Names we fuppres, more gevin to unprofitable Ceremonies than to Sinceritie of Religioun, began to querell with the faid Johne ; and becaus they defpaired to prevaill befoir the Magiftrate thair, for the ef^ablifching of thair Corruptiounis, they accufed him of Treafbne comittcd againft the Emperour, and againfl thair Soveraigne Quein Maree^ that in his Admonitioun to Inglwd he called the ane litill in- feriour to Nero^ and the uther more cruell than Jefcihell. The Magiftrate per- ceaving thair Malice, and fearing that the faid Johne fould fall in the Handis of his Accufators, by one Meane or other gave Adverteifement fecreitlie to him to departe thair Cietie ; for they could not fave hini if he war requyr- cd by the Emperour, or by the Quein of Inland in' the Emperour's Name; and fb the faid Johne returned to Geneva^ from thence to Deape^ and thairefter to Scotland^ as we fhall efter hear. The Time and that Winter that the Gallayis remained \n Scotland, war de- livered Mr. James Balfour, his two Brethren David and Gilbert, Johne Auch'm- ieck, Johne SibhaU, Johne Gray, Will/am Guthrie and Stephin Bell. The Gentil- men that remained in Prefbunes war, by the Procurement of the Quein Dowa- ger to the Cardinal! of Lorayne, and to the King of France, fet at Libertie ill the Moneth of Jidii, anno i jjo, who fchortly thairefter wer called hame to Scotland, thair Peace proclamed, and they thamefelfis reftored to thair Lands, in Defpyte of thair Enemies ; and that was done in Haitrent of the Duke, becaus that then France had begun to thrift to have the Regiment of Scotland in thair awin Handis. Howfbevir it was, God made the H-^irts of thair Ene- mies to fett thame at Libertie and Fredome. Thare refted a Number of co- Y moun 8 6 The Hiflorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. moun Servants yit in the Galayis, who war all delivered vipoun the Contraft of Peace that was maid betwix France diwdi Ingland^ efter the taking of Bul- to>i ; and (o was the whole Cumpanie fet at Libertie, none perifching, no not before the Warld, except James Melvell^ who departed from the Miferie of this Lyif in the Cartel! of Birft in Bartaneyea. This we wryt to I at the Pofteritie to cum underftand how porentlie God wrocht, in preftrving and delivering of thofe that had but a fmall Knawlege of his Truthe, and for the Love of the {am hazarded all; that if eyther we now in our Dayis, having griter Lycht, or our Pofteritie that fall follow us, fall fie ane feirfull Difperfi- oun of fuch as oppone thamefelfis to Impietie, or tak upoun thame to pu- nifche the fame uthervvyis than Laws of Men will permitte; gif we, I lay, or they fall fie fuche left of Men, yea, as it war, defpyifit and punifched of God ; yet let us not condeme the Perfbnis that punifche Vyce, and that for juft Caus; nor yit difpair, but that the fame God that deje61:is for Caufis unknawin to us, will rais up agane the Perfbnis dejefted to his Glory and thair Comforte. And to lat the Warld underftand, in plain Termes, what we mein, that greit Abufar of this Comoun-welthe, that Pultroun, and vyle Knaif /)(2wV was juftlie punifched the Nynte of Meirche in the Yeir of God 156/, for abuifing of the Comoun-welthe, and for his uther ViUianie, whiche we lift not to ex- prefs, by the Counfaill and Handis of James Douglas Erie of Mortoiiii, Patrick Lord Lhidefay^ and the Lord Riiihve)?, with utheris AfTiftars in thair Cumpa- nie, who all, for thair juft Aft, and maift Worthe of all Prais, ar now un- worthilie left of thair Brethren, and futfer the Bitternefs of Banifchement and Exyll. But this is our Hope in the Mercies of our God, that this fam blind Generatioun, whether it will or not, fill be compelled to fee that he will have Refpeft to thame that are injuftlie perfewit ; that he will apardone thair former Offences; that he will refiore them to the Libertie of thair Cun- trey and Comoun-welthe agane, and that he will punifche, in Defpyte of Men, the Heid and the Taill that now truble the Juft, and mainteinis Impieties, The Heid is knawin ; the Taill hes twa Branches. The Temporal! Lordis that manteinis hir Abominatiounis, and her flattering Counfaillars, blafphe- mous Balfour^ now called Clerk of Regifter, Sinclair Dean of Rcftalrige and Bifchope of Bricbeu, blind of ane Eye in the Bodie, bot of bothe in the Saull, upoun quhome God efter fchortly tuke Vengeance, Le/Iie Preifiis Geit Abbot of Liiudoiris and Bifchope of Rois^ Swrmme Preftoime of CraigmiUar, a right Epicuriane, whofe End will be, or it be lang, according to thair Warkis. Bot now to returne to our Hiftory. HacJingtoim being keipit, and muche Heirfthipe done about in the Cuntrey, ('for what the Inghfchmeii deftroy£,d not, that was confumed by the Frenchmen^ God begynis to fecht for Scotland : For in the Toun he fent a Peft Co con- tagious, that with grit Difficulty could thay have thare Deid buryed. They war oft refrefched with new Men, bot all was in vane. Hunger and Peft within, and the Perfute of the Enemie with a Campe w/^wf lay about thame, and interceptit all Viftuellis, except when they wer brocht by ane Convoy frome Berwick, Co conftrayned thame that the Counfaill of lijgland was com- pellit in Spring Tyme, to call thare Forces frome that Plaice. And fb fpoi- lyeing and burning flim Parte of the Toun, they left it to be occupyit to fiKbe asfirft fbuld tak PoffefTioun, and thos war {he Frenchemen, with a meane Number of the ancient Inhabitants ; and fb did God perfbrme theWordis and Threatning of Maifter George Wifckart, who faid, Tbat for thair Contempt of God's Lib. I. of Rcligwim m Scotland. 87 Go.-ts Meffuigei-y they foiiU he -vifiteJ with S'xcrcfe^ and Fyic, -xitb Peftileme^ Starnger'u and Fa)i>mc; Whiche all they fande in fuchc Ptrfcctioun, that to this Day yit, that Toun has neyther recoverit the former Bewtie, nor yit Men of fuche Wifedom and Abihty, as tharlc did inhabit it. Hcircfter was Peicc contracted betvvix Fiance^ IngLiiid and Sioibi/d}, yea a (ever all Peice was contra6lit betwix Scotland and Flanders togithcr with all the Eajierlingis. So that Scotland had Peice with the Warld. Bot yit wald their Bilchopis mak War ac;ainft God : F'or how fone that evir they c,at ony Qil^ctnes, they apprehendit /Jdaiii fVullue (alias F^an) a fimple Man without o^ grit Leirning, bot ane that was zealous in Godlincs, and of ane uprycht Lyif. He, with his Wyt Beatrix Levii?g/ioii, frequented the Ciimpany of the 'Ladie OrmilfoiDi, tor Inftructioun of hir Children, during the Trublc of hir Hufband, who then was banilched. This Baftard, callit Bilchopc of San(5l Androisy tuk the (aid Adame furthe of the Plaice of JVjntoiui^ Men fuppoific that thay thocht to have npprehendit the Laird, and caryed him lo Ediiiho gbc^ quhair efrer certane Dayis he was prefentit to Jugment in the Kirk of the Back Theavis, alias Frearis, befoir the Duke, the Erie of Hnntlie^ and divers utheris bef)-dis. The Bilchopis and thair Rab;ll they began to accuis him {Mr. Job lie Lawder was AccufatourJ That he tuk upoiin him to preiche. He an- fvv^Ted, ' That he nevir judged himfelf worthie of (b excellent a Vocatioun, * and thairfore he nevir tuk upaun him to preiche ; bot he wald not deny, bot * fume tymes at the Table, and Turn tymes in fum uther privie Plaices he * wald reid and had red the Scriptures, and had ^evin fick Exhortation as * God had pieifit to gif to him, to fuche as pleifit to heir him.' ' Kn.^.iv, quoth * ane^ What have ye to do to meddle with the Scriptures ?' ' I think, [aid he, * it IS the Dewtie of everie Chriftiane, to feik the Will of his God, and the * Affurance of his S^lvatioun where it is to be found, and that is within hi$ ' Auld and New Teftament. ' ' What than, yl//Wi?//c'///Zw, fall we lei ve to the * Bilchopis and Kirkmcn to do, gif everie Man (all be ane Babler upoun the * BybiU.^' 'It beindetheyow, (aid he, to fpeikmoir reverentlie ofG:.d,and of * his blelTit Word : Gif the Juge war incorrupte, he wald punifche yow, for * your Blafphemie. Bot to your Quel^ioun, I an(v\er. That albeit that ye and * I, and uther fyve thoufand within this Realme, (culd reid the Byble, and * fpeik of it quhat God fould gif us to (peik, yit left we moir to the Bilchopis to * do nor ayther they will or yit can Weill do j for we leif to thame publictlie to * preiche the Evangell of Jelus Chrill, and to feid the Flocke whiche he harh * redeimed by his awin Bluid, and hes comandit the (ame to the Care of all ' trew Pal^ours. And quhen we leive this unto thame, me think, we leif * to thame ane heavic Burdein ; and that we do unto' thame no wronge, al- * thocht we feirche our awin Salvatioun quhair it is to be found, confidtring * that thay ar bot doum Dogges, and unfavorie Salt, that has altogither loift ' the Sealone.' The Biichopis heirat offended, (aid, ^dat Pratting is this ? Lut his Accufatioun be red. And then was begun, Fals Traitoiir, Heretyick j thow bapterfit thy aiuin Bairne; tho-isa [aid, Thair is no Piirgatorie ; Thow faid^ That to pray to ianHis, and for the deid, is Idolatrie, and a vane Siiperflitioun,Uc. What ftyis thow to thefe Thingis. He anfwerit, Gif I fould he hound to an- f-wer, I licald reqr.ir ane uprycht and indifferent Juge. The Erie of Huntelie diC- danefuUie ftid, Fcclifche Man, Will thcw defyre ane uther Juge nor my Lord Duke's Graice grit Gcvernour of Scotland, and my Lordis the Bifchopis, and the Clergie heit frefent. Quhairto he an(v,'erif, Ihe Bifchopis can be no Jvges to wf, Y 2 for 88 The Hijlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. for they ar opp'tn Enemies to me and to the Dolir'me that I profes. And as for my Lord DukyI can not tell gif he hes the Knaiiokge that fitld be in him that fuld juge and de- cerne het-mx Lies and the Treuthe^ the hventioim of Men and the trew worfchip- ing of God. I defyre Godis Word (and with that he producit the Bybill J to be Juge betwix the Bifchopis and me, and I ame content that ye all heir ; and gif hy this Buke I fall be convift to have taiicht, fpoken, or done, in Matteris of Reli- gioun, cny Thing that repugnis to Godis Will, I refuis not to die. But if I cannot be convi^ {as I ame ajfiired by Godis Word I fall not) than I in Godis Name de- fyre your A[ftftance, That malicious Men execute not iipoun me injufi Tirranie. The Erie of Huntelie (aid, ^hat a bawling Fulle is this ? Thow fall get none uther Juges then thoje that fit heir. Whairunto the faid Adam anfwered. The gude Will of God be done : Bot be ye ajfurit, my Lord^ With fick Mefour as ye met to utherii, with the fame Me fur e it fall be mefured to yow agane. I know that I fall diej bot be ye affured^ that my Blude fall be required of your Handis. Alexander Erie of Glencairne, yit allyve, faid to the Bifchope of Orknay, and utheris that fat neir him, Tak yow yon my Lordis of the Clergie, for heir I proteft, for my Pairt, that I confent not to his Deyth : And Co without Feir prepaired the faid Adame to anfwer. And firft to the bapteizing of his awin Child, he faid, It was and is uls lawfull to me, for lack of a trew Minijier, to tapis my awin Child, as that it was to Abrahame to Circumceis his Sone Kmaell and his Tamilie. And as for Purgatorie, praying to Sanffis, and for the Deid, I have oft red, laid he, bothe the Auld and New Teftamentis, bot I neyther could find mentioun, nor Affurance of thame ; and thairfoir I beleve thay ar bot meare Inventiounis of Men, devyfed joy Covetonfnes Saik. Weill, quoth the Bifchope, ye heir this, my Lords. Quhat fayis thow of the Mefs, fpeires the Erie of Huntlie? He anfwerit, / fay (my Lord) as my Maifier Jefus Chrili fayis, That vihiche is in gritteft Eliimatioun befoir Men^ is Abhominatioun hefoir God. Then all cryit out, Herefie, Herefie. And Co was the fimple Servand of God adjugit to the Fyre, whiche he patientlie fufleined that fame Day at Efternone upoun the Caftellhill. And Co began they agane to pollut the Land whiche God had laitlie plagued, for yit thair Iniquitie was not cum to Co full Rypnes, as ihat God wald that thay fbuld be manifefled to this whole Realme, as this Day they ar, to be Faggoris prepaired for the evirlafling Fyre, and to be Men quhome neyther Plagues may correfl:, nor the Lycht of Godis Word convert from thair Darknes and Impietie. The Peace, as faid is, contracted, the Quein Dowager pafl by Sie to France^ with Galayis that for that Purpois war prepared, and tuk with her divers of the Nobilitie of Scotland, to wit, the Erles Huntlie, Glencairne, Merfchell, CaffiUis, the Lords Maxwell, Fleming, Sir George Douglas, togither with all the Ring's Sones, and divers Barones, and Gentilmen of ecclefiafticall Eftair, the Bifchope of Galloway, and mony utheris, with Promeis, that they fbuld be richelie rewardit for thair gude Service. Quhat they reflavit we cannot fell, but few maid Rus at thair Returning. The Dowager had to pra6leis fiim- quhat with hir Brethrein the Duk oC Guys and theCardinell oC Lorayne, the Wecht whairof the Govemour efterward felt : For fchortlie efter hir return- ing, was the Governour depoifit of the Goverment, juftlie by God, bot maift injuftlie by Men, and fche maid Regent in the Yeir of God 1/^4. and a CroUn put upoun hir Heid, als feimlie a Sicht, gif Men had Eyes, as to put a Saidill Li B. I. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 8^ Saidill upoun the Back of ane unrewlie Cow ; and Co began fche to prac^eis Prafteifes upoun Praifleifes how F>\inie mycht be advanced, hir Frcindis maid ryche, and ichc brochr to immortall Glorie j for that was hir comoun Talk So t}.\it I may procure the JVellhe and Ho)iotir of jij Freiiidis^ and a glide Fame unto myfelf, I regaird not qiihat God do efter witb me. And in verie Deid, in deip Diflimulatioun, to bring hir awin Purpois to Eflfefl, fchc paflTit the ccmoun Sorte of Wemen, as we will efter heir. Bot yit God, to whofe Evangell fchc dcclaircd hirfelf Encmie, in the End fruftrat hir of all hir Devyifes. Thus did Lycht and Darknes ftryve within the Realme of Scotland ; the Darkncs evir befoir the Warld fupprefTing the Lycht, from the Deyth of that no«ble Servand of God, Mr. Patnk Haiimiltonn^ until! the Deyth of Edward the fext, that maill godlie and vcrtewous Ring, that had bein knawin to have runge in Ingland, or ellfquhair, thir mony Yeiris by paft, who departit the Miferies of this Lyif, the fext oC Jiilii, amo 1553. The Deyth of the Prince was lamcntit of all the Godlie within Europe, for the Graces gevin unto him of God, als wcill of Nature as of Eruditioun and Godlines paf fand the Mefure that accuftomablie ufic to be gcvin to uther Princes in 'fhair gritteft Perfe>Sioun, and yit exceidit he nocht iextein Yeiis of Age. Quhat Gravitie above Age } Quhat Wiidome paiTing all Underftanding or Expeclatioun of Men } And quhat Dexterity in anfwering, in all Thingis proponir, wer into that excellent Prince } the AmbalTadours ot all Cuntreys, yea, fum that war mortal Enemies unto him, and to his Realme, amongis quhome the Quein T>ow^z,tr oC Scotland was not the leirt, could and did teftifie; for the faid Quein Dowager, returning from France throw higland, comuned with him at lenthe, and gave Record quhen fche came to this Realme, That fche fand vmr fViJdome and folid Jugement in young King Edward, than fche wald have hiked for in ony the Princes that 'war then in Europe. His Liberalitie towardis the Godlie and Leirned, that war in utheris Realmes perfecuted, was fuche as Germanes, Frenche Men, Jtalianes, Scottis, Spanyeards, PoIlonianeSj Grecianis and Hehrrj;es borne, can yit gif fufficient Document. For how honour?blie war Martyne Luther, Petir Martyre, Johannes Alafco, Emmamiell Cual- ierusy and mony utheris, upoun his publift Stipendis, interteined, thair Pa- tentis can witnes, and thay thamefelves during thair Lyves wald nevir have denyit. Efter the Deyth of this maift verteus Prince, of quhome the godles People of Ingland, for the mairt Parte, was not worthie, Sathan intendir nothin"- les than the Licht of Jefus Chrift utterlie to have bein extinguifchcd within the haill He of Brittane. For efter him was rayfit up, in God's hotte Di/plefure that idolatrous Jefahell, mifchevous Marye of the Spaniartis Elude, a cruell Perfecutrix of Goddis Pepill, as the Actis of hir unhappie Rigne can fufficient- lie witnes. And into Scotland that fame Time, as we have hard, rang that craftie Prafteifer, Marie of Loraine, thane named Regent o{ Scotland, who bound to the Devotioun of hir two Brethrein the Duk of Guys and Cardi- nell of Lorahie, did onelie abydde the Opportunitie, to cut the Throtte of all thois, in quhome fche (ufpe<5led ony Knawlege of God to be, within the Realme of Scotland. And fo thoicht Sathan, that his Kingdome of Darknes ■was in Quietnes ?nd Reft, als weill in the one Realme as in the uther : Bot that provident Eye of the etemeli God, who continualiie watchis for Prefervatioun oC his Churche, did fo difpcne all thingis, that Sathan fchort efter land himfelf iar difapointed of his Condufioun tane : For in what cruell Z Ferfecu- ^O The Hiflorie of the Re/ormatioun Lib. I. Perfecutioun, u(ed be that Monftour, Marie of hglatiJ, wargodlie Men difperfit in divers Natiouns, of quhome it pleifit the Goodnes of God to fend fum un- to us, for our Comfort and Inftruftioun. And firft came a fimple Man, /r?7-w Ham Harlaw, whole Eruditioun, althocht it excellit nor, yit for his Zeal, and diligente Plainnes in Doctrine, is he to this Day worthie of Prays, and re- manes a fruitfull Member within the Churche of Scotland. Efter him cam that notabill Man 'John Willock, as one that had fum Comiflioiin to the Quein Regent, from the Dutches of Emden ; bot his principall Purpois was to aflay what God wald work by him in his native Cuntrey. Tiios two did fumtymes in feverall Cumpanies aflemble the Brethrein, who by thair Exhortatiounis began gritlie to be encuraged, and did fchew, that they had ane eirnert Third of Godlines. And laft came Johne Kiwx^ in the End of the Harveft, in the Yeir of God i Jj;. who firff being lodged in the Hous of that notable Man of God James Sym, began to exhorte fecreitlie in that (am Hous, wherunto repaired the Laird of Dun^ David Forrefs, and fum certane Perfonages of the Toun, amongis quhome was Elizahethe Adamfoun, than Spous to James Barroitn Burges of Ediukirghe, who, be Reflbne that fche had ane troublit Conlcience, delytted much in the Companie of the faid Jolme^ becaus that he, according to the Grace gevin unto him,oppinit mair fuUie the Fontaneisof Godis Mercies,then did comone Sorte of Teicheris, that fche had hard befoir ( for fche had hard nane except Freiris) and did with (uche Gredines drink thairof, that at hir Deyth fche did expres the Fruite of hir Heiring, to the grit Comfort of all thos that repaired to hir j for albeit that fche fufferit moifl grevous Torment in hir Bodie, yit out of hir Mouth was hard nothing bot prayflng of God, except that fumtymes fche wald lament the Trubillis of thois that war trublit by hir : Beand fumtimes demandit by hir Sifteris, ^ihat fche thocht of that Pane, whiche fche then ftjjerit in Bodie, in refpeH: of that quhairwith fche was fumtymes trublit in Spirit ? Sche anfwerit, A thoufand Teir of this 'Torment^ and ten lymes moir joynit unto it, is nocht to he compaired to the garter of ane Hour, that I fufferit in my Spirit. I thank my God, throuche Jefus Chrift, that hes deliverit me frame that moift fear full Pane, and isoelcum be this, evin fo lang as it fleifis his godlie Majeftie to exerceis me thairwith. A little befoir hir Depar- ture fche defyred hir Sifteris, and fum utheris that war befyid hir, to fing a Ffalme, and among utheris fche appointed the ciii. Plalme, begyning, My Saul! prats thow the Lord ahvayis, whiche endit, fche faid, At the teiching of this Pfalme, began my trublit Saul! fir/i effectuallie to tai/i of the Mercie of my God, whiche now to me is more fiveit and precious than all the Kingdomes of the Eirthe war gevin unto me, to poffefs thame a thoufand Teirs. The Preiftis urged hir with thair Ceremonies and Superflitionnis- to quhome fche an- fwerit, Departe frome me ye Servantis of Sathan ; for I have refuifed, and in your awin Pre fence do refiis all your Abhominatiounis \ that whiche ye call your Sacrament, and Chriftis Bodie, as ye have deceavit us to beleve in Tymes faft, is nothing bot ane IdoU, and hes nothing to do with the rych Inftitutioun of Jefus Chrifi; and thairfoir in God^s Name, I comand you not to t ruble me. They de- partit, alleging, I'hat fche ravit, andwifi not quh'at fche faid. And fche fchort thairefter fleipt in the Lord Jefus, to no finall Comforte of thois that faw hir blefht Departing. This we could notomitt of this worthie Woman, quho gave fo notable a ConfefTioun, befoir that the 'grit Licht of Godis Word did univerfaiie fchyne throuche this Realme. At I Lib. 1. 0/ Re IgioHH in Scothnd. 91 At the firfi cuming of the fiid Jobie Kno.x, he perfaving clivers quho had a Zeall to Godlines mak fmallScupill to go totheMeli, or to comunicat with the abuled Sacramentis in the papiiticall Maner, began alfweill in privey Confe- ' rence as in Doci^rine, to Ichaw the Impietie of the Mels, and how dangerous a Thing it'Vvas to omunicate in ony" Sortc with Idolatrie; quhairwith the Con- fcicnces of fome being afrayed, the Matter began to be agitat fra Man to Man, and Co was the faid Johue called to Supper by the Laird of D/m for that {am Furpofe, quhair war convened David Forefs, Mr. Rohrt Lockhart, Johns Willock^ and William Maitland of Letlvngtoun younger, a Man of Leirn- ing and of ichairpe Wit and RelToning. The Queftioun was proponed, and it was nnfwered by the Qiidjolne, That no'jjyis i( was hrMfifll to a Chrijtiai/e to prefeut himfelf to that UoU. Nothing was emitted that micht mak for the Tern- porilar, and yit was every Held io fully anfwered, and efpecially one quhair- unto they thoucht thair grit Defence ftude, to wit, That Paul at tke Comande' vwit of James, and of the Elders of Jerulalem, pa (fit to the Temple^ and feinged himfelf to pay his Vow -with nthers. This, we lay, and utheris wer (b fiillie anfwered, that JVilUam Maitland concluded, Hiying, / fie perfyitlie thai our Schiftts -xill ferve nath'ing befoir God, feing they Hand us in fa fmallSteid befoir Men. The Anfwer of Johne Knox to the Fa(5t of Paul!, and to the Comand- ment of '^i^ntes^ was. That Paidlis Fa^J had nothing to do with thatr going to the Mefsj for to pay I ''owes was fimtywes God's Comandment, and was nevir Idolatrie ; hut thair Mefs, from the Originall was and remainit odms Idolatrie j ihairfoir the Fa^ was moft unlyik. Secundarlie, faid he, / gritly doiit quhither ayther James Commandement or Paullis Obedience proceiait from the Holie Gholi, fVe hiaw thair Counfaill tendit to this, that Paull fould fchaw himfelf one that olferveth the virie fmall Pointis of the Law, to the End that he might purches to him the Favours of the Jews, who war offendit at him be Reffbne of the Bruittis that war fparfed, that he taucht Defe^ioitn fr am MoyCcs. Now quhill he obeyit thair Counfaill, he fell into the moft dejperate Danger that evir he fiifteined befoir^ quhairof it was evident, that God approvit not that Meane of Keconcihatioun, hot rather that he planehe declaired, that Evill fould ^not be done that Gude micht cum of it. Evill it was to Paull to confirm thofe olftinate Jews in thair Super- ftitioun by his Exampili ; wors it was to him to expone himfelf, and the DoSfrine whche befoir he had taucht, toSklander and Mockage: And thair foir, concluded the faid Johne, that the Faft of Paull, and the Sequell that thairof followit, appear- ed rayther to fecht againft thame that wald go to the Mes, than to gif unto thame ony Affuarance to follow his Exempill, unlefs that they wald that the lyk Trid-'le fould inftantlie apprehend thame that apprehendit him, for obeying wardlie wys Counfaill. Efter theft and lyik Reflbnings the Mes began to be abhorrit of fuche as befoir ufed it for the Faflioun, and avoyding of Slander, as then they termed it. Johne Knox at the Requeft of the Laird of Dun, followed him to his Place of Dun, quhair he remained a Moneth, daylie exerceifit in Dc6lrine, quhair. unto refbrtit the principall Men of that Cuntrey. Efter his returning, hi«Re- fidence was moft in Calder, quhair repaired unto him the Lord Erskin that now is the Erie of Argyll, then Lord of Lorn, and Lord James, then Pryour of St. Androis, and now Erie of Murray, quhair they hard and fb approvit his Doftrine, that they wilched it to have been publi6^. That fame Winter he taucht corrounlie in Umburghe ; and efter the Yull, be the Ccndtft of the Laird of Bar^ and Violert Campbell of Kingyeamkuche,, he came to Kyll, and Z 2 taucht Q2 The Hijlorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. I. taucht in the Bane, in the Hous of the Carnell in the K'wgyeancleuche, in the Town of y^/>, and in the Hous of ^VW/rie and Gargyrthe; and in (bme of thame miniftrate the Lord's Tabill. Befoir the Pafcb the Erie of Gkncairne fenc for him to his Plaice of Fynlaftoun, quhair, efcer Dj6trine, he alfo mi- niftrate the Lord's Tabill j quhairof, befjdis himfelf, wer Partakers his Ladie, two of his Sones, and certane of his Freindis : And fo returnit he to Colder, quhair divers from Edwburghe, and frome the Cuntrey about, convenit, alf- weill for the Doftrine, as tor the right Ufe of the Lord's Table, which be- toir they had nevir prafteifit. Frome thence he departed the fecund Tyme to the Laird of Dnn ; and teiching then in gritter Libbertie, the Gentilmen re- quirit that he fuld minifter the Table of the Lord Jefus lykewyis unto thame, quhairof war Partakers the moft parte of the Gentilmen of the Mernh, who (God be prayfit) to this Day do conftantlie remain in the fame Doflrine whiche then they profeffit, to wit, that thay refuflit all Societie with Idolatrie, and band thamefelfis to the uttermoft of thair Poweris to manetein the trew preiching of the Evangell of Jefus Chrirt, as God fould offer unto thame Preicheurs and Oportunitie. The Bruit heirof fparfed, (for the Freiris from all Quarters flocked to the Bifchopis) the laid Jobne Knox was fummond to compeir in the Kirk of the Blak Freiris in Edwbnrghe, the i ;th Day of Mail, whiche Day the faid Johne decreed to keip, and for that Purpois Johne Er/kin of Dim, with divers u- theris Gentlemen convenit to the Toun of Edmhurghe. Bot that Dyet held not. For quhidder that the Bifchopis perfeavit Informalitie in thair awin Froceidingis, or gif they feirit Danger to infew upoun thair Extremitie, ic is unknawin unto us. Bot the Saturday befoir the Day appointed, thay caifl thair awin Summondis, and the faid Johne, the fam Day of the Summondis, taucht in Edinburghe, in a gritter Audience than evir befoir he had done in that Toun. The Plaice was the Bifchope of Dimkelis his grit > Lugeing, quhair he continewit in Do6h-ine ten Dayis, bothe Befoir and Efternone. The Erie of Glencairne allurit the Erie of Merfchell, who with Harie Drum- mond his Counfaillour for that Tyme, hard ane Exhortatioun, bot it was u- poun the Nicht, who war fo weill contentit with it, that thay bothe wyllit the faid Johne to wrytte unto the Quein Regent fumquhat that mycht move hir to heir the Worde of God. He obeyit thair Def>'re, and wrait that whiche efter was Imprentit, and is callit. The Letter to the %ein Dowager ; which was deliverit unto hir awin Hands by the faid Alexander Erie of Glen- cairne : Which Letter, when fche had red, within a Day or two, fche deli- verit it to that proude Prelate Beatoim, Bifchope ofGlafgow, and faid in Mock- aee, Pleis yow my Lord to reid a Pafquill. Whiche Word is cumming to the Eiris of the faid 'Johne, war the Occafioun that to his Letter he maid his Ad- ditiounis, as yit may be fein. As concerning the Threatningis pronuncir a- eainft hir awin Perfbun, and the moift principall of hir Freinds, lat thair verie Flatterars fie quhat had faillit of all that he hes writtin ; and thairfbir it war expedient that hir Dochter,now mifchevouflie reigning, fould luik to that ■whiche hath pafTit befoir, leifl that in following the Counf^illis of theWickit, fche end moir miferablie than hir craftie Mother did. Whill Johne Knox was thus occupyed in Scotland, Letteris came unto him frome the Inglifche Kirk that was aflemblit in Geneva, whiche was feparated frome that fuperflitious and contentious Cumpanie that war at Franlifurd^ comanding him ja Goddis Name, as he thai was thair chofen Faftour, to re- , pais ,iB. I. of Rc'ltgiowiiu Scotland. ^3 pair unto thame for thair Comfortc. Upon the whiche the /aid Joh/e tuk his Leiv from us, almoilt in every Congregatioun quhair befoir be had preichr and exhorted us to Praycris, to reiding of the Scriptures, and mutuall Conferl rcnce, unto fuche T)me as God fuld gif unto us grittcr Libertic. And heir- upoun he fent befoir him to Deip, his Mother-in-law Elizahethe BovAs and his VJ yf Ahirjory, with na fmali Dolour to thair Hairtis, and to mony of us He hinilelfby Trocurement and Labours of Rchrt Campbell of KwgyeaiicUiuh remninit behind in Scotland^ and pafTit to the old Erie of ylrgyll^ who then was in theCaftell oi Campbell^ quhair he taucht ccrtanc Dayis. The Laird ok Glen- orqiihair, which yit Icvethe, being cnc of his Auditours, willit the faid Eric ofAgylle to retein him Ml; hot he purpoifit upoun his Jorney, wald not af that Time f^ay for no Requeif^, adding, That gif God fo bliffit iheis fmall Be- gitwirgis, that they cciit'weucd in Godlines, quhevfoei'ir they fleifit to command hm^ tl-ey fuld find him cbedieiit. Bot^ he (aid, That avis he miift midis vi/ile that litill Flocke -xhiche the fVickiines of Men had cowpellit him to leif. And fb in the Moneth of July he left this Realme, and pafl to France, and Co to Gcnei'a. Immediatiie efter, the Bifchopis fummondit him, and for None- compeirance brunt him in Eflfigie at the Croice of Edmkirghe^ in the Yeir of God lii/, fra the whiche injufl Sentence the faid Jchiie maid his Appella- tioun, and caufit to Frcnt the fame, and direfted it to the Nobilitic and Co- mounis withm Scotland, as yit may be red. In the Winter that the faid Joliie abaid m Scotland, appeirit a Comeir the Cours quhairof wes frome the Southe and South-'joeft, to the Northe and North, gift. It was fein in the Moncthes of November, December, and Januare • It was callit. The Fyrey Biiffome. Sone efter died Cbiftierne King oC Denmark - and "Warre rays betwix Scotland and hgland, for the ComifTionaris of bothe Rcalmes, who almaifl theSpaice of fexMoneths entreatit upoun theConditi- ouns of Peace, and wer upoun a neir Point of Ccndufioun, wer difapcinted. The Quei : Regent with hir Counfaill of the Frcnche Faftioun decreittcd warr at Ne-jubotiell, without geving ony Adverteifrnent to the ComifTionaris for the Parte of Scotland. Suche is the Fidcjitie of Princes, gydit byPrciftis whenfbevir they fcik thair awin AffetTtiounis to b« ferved. In the end of that nixt Harvefl was fein upoun the Borders of hi-y. land and Scotland a flrange Fyre, whiche defcendit from the Hevin and brunt divers Cornes in bothe the Realmes, bot maif^ in hgland. Thair was prefentit to the Quein Regent, by Robeit OrmiCtoun, a Calfe having two Heidis, whairat fche fcorppit, and faid. It -was bot a comom Tlnng. The "Warre began in the End of Harvcl^, as faid is, and Conclufloun was takin that Warke fuld be afleigeif. The Armie and Ordinance pafi fordward to Max.'mell Heiuhe. The Quein Regent remainit in the Caftell of Ho7rie, and thinking that all Thingis war in AfTurance, Monfieur DVfell, than Lieuten- nent for France, gave Chairge that the Cannones fould be tranffortit over, the "Waiter of T'-jxid, whiche was dene with Expeditioun, for the Frenche-men in fuche Faflis ar expert • tot the Nobilitie of Scotland nothing content with fuche Proceidingis, efter Confultatioun amcngis thamefelfis, paff to the Fa- vilioun of Mcnfitur dOfell, and in his awin Faice declaired, Tlat in no ivaytt •wald they imaid Ingland. And thairfoir ccmandit the Ordinance to be re- teirit : And that it was bot farder Delay. This put ane Affray in Monfieur dVfelh Breaches, and kendlit fuche a Fyre in the Quein Regent's Stomach, as was not weill flo|^ and Aula Te- stament, conforme to the Ordcur cf the Eiiik of Ccmoui- Prayeris. Ar.d gif the Cu- rates cfthe Parochinis be qualifeit, to caus thame to reid the famyn, and gif thay be hot, or ^.jf the) refuis, tlat the n.cft qualifeit in the Parcchin ufe and reid the fam. Seciindhe, // is tloicht necefarie^ ihat r(^iut.e. f)eichirg, cr.d hterpre- iatiauK of Scriptures be had and ujed pnvelie in quiet Bcufes, without greit Qon- •ventidirh of the Pefill tlairto, whill efterv:ard that God move the Prince, to grant publi^i Preiching he faythfull and trew Minifteris. C c Thefe %' I02 The Hiflorie of the Kejormatioun Lib. I. Thefe two Heidis concerning the Religioun,and fomeutheris concerning the Policie being concludit, the auld Erie of Argyll tuke the Manteinance of Johne Douglas, caufit him preiche publiftlie in his Hous, and reformed mony Thin^is according to his Counceill. The fam Boldnes tuk divers utheris, alfweUl within Tounis, as to Landwart, whiche did not a little Trubill the Bifchopis and Quein Regent : As by this Letter and Credite committed to Sir David Haimilton, fra the Bilchope of St. Andro'is to the faid Erie of Ar- gylkj may be cleirlie underftude. The Bifchoppis Letter to the auld Erie of Argylk. MY Lord, efter maifi hairtie Comendatwuns, this is to adverteis your Lord/chip we have dire^it this Beirar our Coufing towards your Lordfchip, in fick Be- fines and Effairs as comernis your Lordfchipis Honour, Pr of eit and grit Weill-, lyk as the faid Beirar will declair jfour Lordfhipe at mair lenthe. Praying your Lordfchip ep^uou/lie to advert thairto, and gif Attendance to us your Lordfchipis Freindis, that ay hes willit t^ Honour, Profeit, and utter Welthe of your Lord- fchips Hous, as of our awin ; and CrMte to the Beirar. And Jefu have your Lordfchip hi everlafting keiping. Of Edinburghe, the 2jth of Merche, anno. Sic fuhfcribitur. Tour Lordfchipis at all Power, Sanii Androis. FoUowis the Credite. Memorandum, To Sir David Haumiltoun, to my Lord Erie o? Argylk, in my Behalf^ and lat him fie and heir everie Artickle. Inprimis, HTO repeale the ancient Blude of his Hous, how long it hes ftude, hovt -* notable it hes bein,and fo mony nobillMen hesbein Erles,Lordis,Kmchtis ihairof: How long thay have runge *« thei Parts, evir trew and obedient lothe to God and the Prince, without ony Smote in thair Dayis in any inaner of Sort : And to remember how mony notable Men ar cumen of his Hous. Secundlie,7o fchew him the grit Ejfe^ioun I beir towardis him,hisBluid,Hous and, Freindis, and of the ardent Defyre I have of the perpetuall ftanding of it in Honour, and Fame, with all thame that are cum of it : ^hilk is my Parte, for many and divers Caufes, as ye fall fchaw. Thridlie, To fchaw, my Lord, how heavie and dijpleafwg a Thing it is unto me, now to heir. That he quho is and has bein fo noble a Man, fould be (educed and abufed, be the Flatterie of fick ane infaimed Perfone of the Law, and men- fworne Apoftate, quho under the Pretence that he gevis himfelf furth as a Preicheour of the Evangell and Veritie, under that Colour fettis fiirthe Schifmes and Divifi. ounis in the halie Kirk of God, with hereticall Propofitiounis, thinkand that under Ms Manet einance and Defence, to infeH this Cuntrey with Here fie, perfwading my find Lord, and utheris his Bairnis and Freindis, that all that be Jpeikis is Scrip- ture, and con forme thair to, albeit that mony of his Propofitiounis ar mony Teirs paji condemned by the gennall Comfaillis, and the haill EJiait of Chrifiiane People. Fourthlie, Lib. I. of J^cligiotmin Scotland. 103 Fourthlic, To fchaw to my Lord how perillons this is to his lordfchip av-i his Hoiis^ and Decay thtiiifj^ hi cais the Aiihoritie waU he fchahfc, ayxd wuU ufe hayth couforme to Chill and Cinon^ and alfo your awin Miinuipall Law of this Reahne. Fiftlie, I'o fchaw his Lordefchip how wae I wald he^ eyther to heir^ fie, or haw ot;y Difplefonr that micht cum to him, his Sone, or ony of his Hoits or Freindis and efpeciaUie in his awin Tyme and Dayis. yind alfo ho-w grit Di/plefioe I have ellis to heir ^reit and evill Bruit of him that foiild now in his Age, in a waiier waver frome his Fayth, and to he altered thairin quhen the Tyme is that he foul J he nioji fare and firme thairin. Sixtlie, To fchaw his Lordfchip that thair is Delatiom of that Man callit Dou- glas, or Grant, of fitndrie Jrtickles of Here fie quhilk lyts to my Change and Con- fcience to put Remedie to, or ellis all the pefiilentius Do^rane he fawis and ftck- lyk all that ar corrupted be his DoHrane, and all that he drawis fra our Fayth and Ch lift tane Religioun, will ly to my Chairge hefoir God : And I to be acculed lejoir God for overfeiiig of him, gif I put not Remedie thairto, and correfl him for fick Thingis he is delaited of And thair fair that my Lord confidder, and wey it Weill, how hichelie it lyis hayth to my Honour and Coiijcieiice: For if I thoill him, I will be accufed for all thame that /v corrupt is and infe^is in He^ refie. Heirfeir I pray, my Lord, in my maift hatrtie maner to tak this Mat*: ter in the heft Pairt for his awin Confcience, Honour, and IVeill of himfelf Ecus, Freindis, and Servandi : Aid ficklyik for my Parte, and for my Con fiend and Honour, That confiddering that thair ar divers Artickles of Here fie to he layd to him, that he is dilaited of, and that he is prefentlie in my Lords Citmpanie : That my Lord wald he fum honeft Way departe with this Man, and put him fra him avd fra his Sonis Cumpanie : For I wald be richt forte that ony being in ony of thair Cimpanies fould be callit for fickCaufes, or that ony of thame fould be bruit- ed to hald ony fick Men. And this I wald adverteis my Lord, and have his Lord- fchipis Anfwer and Rejolutioun, or ony Siimmondis pajfit one hiniy togither with my Lordis Anfwer. Item, Gif my Lord wald have a Man to inftruFl him trewlye in the Fayth, and preiche to him, I wald provyde a cunning Man to him, quhairfoir / fall anfwer for his trew Doclrane, and fall put my Saiill thairfoir, that he fall teiche nathing bot trewlie according to our Catholick Fayth. Of Edinburghe this la ft The Blind, Crooked, Bedralis,Widowis, Oiphelingis, and all utlier Pure, fa vilit be the Hand of God as may not Worke, To the Flockis of all Freiris within this Realme, we wi(che Reftitutioun of Wrangis bypaft, and Reformatioun in Tymes cuming, for Salvatioun. rE your felfis ar not ignorant^ and thocht ye wald be^ it is now (thankis to God) Weill hiaw'm to the haill WarUy be his maiji infallthill Word That the Benegnitie or Almes of all Ckriftiane Pepill perteinis to us allanerlie • quhilk ye^ being haill of Bodie^ Jiark^ fturdiey and ahiil to work^ quhat under Pretence of Po-vertie^ and nevirtheles poffeffing maift eafelte all Abundance^ quhat threw clockit and huidit Simplicitie, thoch your Proudnes is knawin, and quhat fenyeit Holiner •whiche now is dedaired Siiperliitioun and Idolatrie, hes thir mony Teirs expres a- gainft Godis JVord, and the Pra^eis of his holie Apoftles^ to our grit Torment aU iace! maifi falflie ftollen fra us. And als ye have be your fals Doctrine and wr eft- ing of Godis I'Vorde {leirtied of your Father Sathan) induced the haill Pepill hie and low, in fure Hope of Beleif, that to cloithe, fe'id, and nurifche yow is the lonelie maifi acceptabill Almes allowed befoir God ^ and to gif ane Pennie or ane Peice of Breid anis in the Oulk is yneuchc for us. Evin fo ye have perfwadit ihame to bigge to y(m grit Hofpitallis, and mantein yow thairin be thair Purs quhilk onlie perteinis now to m be all Lazy, as biggit and dottat to the Pure of whois Number ye ar not, nor can be repute, nether be the Law of God nor yit be iia uther Law proceiding of Nature, Refibne, or civill PoUicie. ^hairfoir feina our Number is fa grit, fa indigent, and fa hevilie oppre/ftt be your fals Meanis that nane takis Cair of our Miferrie : And that it is better for us to provide thir our impotent Members, quhilk God hes gevin us, to oppone to yow in plain Con- traverfie, than to fie yow heirefter, as ye have done afoir, fieill fra us our Lev~ ingis^ and our felfis in the mein Tyme to perifche and die for want of the fame. We have thoicht gude thairfoir, or we enter with y&w in Confix, to wairne yow in the Name of the grit God, be this publivl wrytting, affist one your ITettis quhair ye now dwell, that ye remove furthe of our faid HofpitaUis, betwix this and the Feili of Whitfunday next : Sua that we the onel'ie lawfull Proprietaris thair of may enter thairto, and efterward injoy the Comodities of the Kirke whiche ye Jiave heirunto wrangouflie haldin from us. Certifeing yow, and ye failye we will at the faid Terme, in haill Number, with the Helpe of God, and the Affiftance of his SanHis in Eirthe, (of whois reddie Supporte we dout not) enter and tak Pof. feffioun of our faid Patrimonie, and eje^ yow utterlie furthe of the fame. Lat him thairfoir that befoir hes ftollen, fteill no mair, but rather lat him worke with his Handis, that he may be helpefull to the Pure. Fra the haill Cities, Tounis and Villages of Scot- land, /^f firft Lay of Januare i;;8. The Bifchopis continewed in thair provincial! Cohfiill evin unto that Day that Johne Knox arryved in Scotland; and that they micht gif fum Schaw to the Pepill, that they myndit Reformatioun, they fparfed abroad a Rumour E e thairoi^ no The Hijlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. I. thairof, and fct furthe fumquhat in Prent, whiche of the Pepill was callir. The 'Tiva-pemiy Fayth. Among thair A6lis thair was muche ado for Capis, fchavin Crounis, Tippettis, lang Gownis, and fuch utlier Trifellis. I. Item. That nam fould in joy Office, or Benefice ecclefiaflicall, except a Frieft. II. Item, 'ihat na Kirk-man fould nourifche his awin Bairne in his awitt Cumpanie, hot that everie ane fould hald the Children of utheris. III. That none fould put his awin Sane in his awin Benefice. IV. '^hat gtf any war found in oppine Adulterie, for the firfi Fault he fould his the Third of his Benefice j for the fecund Cry me the Half, and for the third the haill Benefice. Bot heirfra apeillit the Bifchope of Murray, and uther Prelatis, faying, That they wald abyd at the Canoun Law. And fo they micht Weill aneuche do fo lant' as they remainit Interpretars, Difpenfatours, Makers and Difla- nullers of that Law. Bot lat the fame Law have the trew Interpretatioun, and iuft Executioun, and the Devill fall alTone be provin a trew and obedient Servand to God, as ony of that Sort fall be provin a Bifchope, or yit to have ony ]ui\. Authority within the Churche of Chrill Jefus. Bot we returne to our H»iioi-ie. The Perfecuti^un was decreeid, alfweill by the Quein Regent as by the Prelattis ; bot thair refled a Poynt, whiche the Quein Regent and France had not at that Tyme obteined, to wit. That the Crown matrimoniell Ibuld be eranted to Francis, Hufband to our Soverane, and fo fould France and Scotland be bot one Kingdome, the Subjefts of both Realmes to have equall Liberties, Scoitis Men in France, and Frenche Men in Scotland. The Glifter of the Pro- feit that was jugeit heirof to have infewit to Scottis Men, at the firft Sicht^ blindit mony Menis Eyis , bot a fmall Wind caufit that Mift fuddanelie to evanifche away ; for the grittefl Offices and Benefices within the Realms war apointed for Frenche Men. Monfieur Rubie keipt the Greit Seili. VieU viort was Controller ; Melrofs and Kelfo fould have bein a Commend to the puire Cardinall ofLorayne; theFredomes of Scottis Merchents wer reflraynedin Roiijane and they compellit to pay Toll and Taxatiounis, uthers then their an- cient Liberties did beir. To bring this Held to pas, to wit, to get the matri- moniell Crown, the Quein Regent left no Point of theCompafs unfaylled. With the Bifchopis and Preiflis fche prafteifed one this Maner. 2^6' may cleirlie fie, 'J'hat I cannot do quhat I wald within this Realme ; for thes Heretyikis, and Conjedderatis of Ingland ar fo bandit togither, that they ftoppe all <^iide Ordure ; bot will ye be fivorabill unto me in this Suit, of the matri- moniell Crown to be grantit to my Docker's Hufband, then fall ye fie how I fall handill thefe Heretyikis and Tratours or it be lang. And in verie deid, in thes hir Promeifes, fche meanit no Deceat in that Behalf Unto the Protef^antis, fche faid, lame not unmyndfull, how oft ye havefuitit me for Reformatioun in Religionn, and gladlie wald I confent thairwito; bot ye fie the Power and Craft of the Bifchop of San^ Androis, togither with the Power of the Duke^ and of the Kirk men, evir to be bent againft me in all my Proceidingis ; fo that I may do nothing, unles the full Authoritie of this Realme be devolved to the King of France, whiche cannot be bot by Donatioun of the Crown Matrimoniall, whiche Th'^ gif ye will bring to pas, then devife ye quhat ye pleis in Materis of Religi- Qun, and they fall be granted. With this Comifiioun and Credit, was Lord "garnet iIB. I. of Rdigioun in Scotland. m James^ then Fryour of St. Avdrois, direft to the Erie of Agyll^ with many utheris Promcifes then we lift to rehers. By ftche Diflimulatioun to thofe that war fimple and trow of Hairt, inflamed fchc thamc to be more fervent in hir Petitioun, then hirfelf appeared to be : And fo at the Parliament haldin at FJhihurghe in the Monethe of O^oler, the Yeir of God i/cS it was cleirlie voited, no Man reclaiming, except the Duke for his Interefs • and yit for it thare was no better Law produced, except that tharc was ane fb- lempnit Mefs appointed, for that Purpois in the Pontificall. This Heid ob- teinit, quhairat France and fche principally fchotte, quhat Fayth fche keipte un- to the Proteftantis, in this our fecound Buke fall be declairit ; in the Be-^inin"- quhairof, we man more amplie rehers fum Things, that in this' our firfl ar funS marily tuitched. The End of the firft Buke. ^. 115 mam *^fly '"^B?V5B^' "^6 W' /^ft).^^^ MM THE Secunde Booke OF THE H I S T O R I E O F Thingis done in SCOTLJNV, in the Refor- matioun of Religioun, begining in the Yeir of God 1558. UR Purpois was to have maid the begining of our Hiftorie, from the thingis that war done, from the Yeir of God 1558, till the Reformatioun of Religioun, whiche of Godis Mercie we anis pofleflit- and yit in Do6l;rine, and in the rycht Ufe of Adminiftratioun of Sacramentis, do poifefs. F f Bot ^W t^^^I^H m ^^ra ^'F^'Ti^mb-^ ^M ^n ^ )m^^^^ i^r^ ^|^|L.«^j^^g%> i.H l^^p^^^ m ^^m 114 Bot becaus divers of the godlie, as befoir is faid, earneftlie requirit, That fuche Per- fonis as God raifit upe in the middeft of Darknes, to oppone thamefellis to the fame, fould not be omitted, we obeyed thair Requiett, and have maid a fchorte Reherfall of all fuche Matteris as concerne Religioun, f rome the Deyth of that notable Servand of God, Mr. Tatril^Haumiltom, unto the foirfaid Yeir, quhen that it pleifed God to luke up- oun us more mercifullie then we deilerved, and to gif unto us gritter Baldnes, (albeit not without Hafard and Truble) and better Suc- ces in all our Interpryfes then we luikit for, as the trew Narratioun of this fecound Buke fall Witnes. The PREFACE quhairof fol- lowis. V PR^ 115 M^'^tl^ >^ ^^ ^ ^i^S ^S ll 1^ ^^ ^j(> e' ->''i b -^^^ V . - 1 ^ m ■f ■'--^ ■ " "^ fe' P R iE F A T I O. EAST that Sathan by our long Silence fall tak OccafioLin to blafphenie, and to fclan- der us the Protejiimtis of the Realme of Scotland^ as that our Fad: lendit rather to Seditioun and E.ebellioun, than to Re- formatioun of Alamrs, and Abufes in Re- Ugioun; We have thoicht expedient fotrewlie and brevelie as we can, to comitt to wryticing the Caufcs moving us,(us, we fay, ane ^rit Part of the Nobilitic and Barrones of the Realme) to tak the Sworde of juft Defence, againft thois that maift injuftlic feik cur Diflru(5lioun. And in this our Confeflioun we fall faythfuUie declair quhat moved us to put our Handis to the Reformatioun of Religioun; How we have proceiddit in the fame ; Quhat we have asked, and quhat prefentlie we require of the facreit Au- thoritie : to the end that our Caus beinge knawin, alf- weill our Emmies as our Brethrein in all Realmes, may underftand how falllie we ar accufed of Tumult and Re- bellion, and how injufllie we ar perfecuted by France^ and by thair Fadtioun : As alfo that our Bretherin naturall Scottifwen^ of quhatfoevir Religioun they be, may have Occafioun to eiaminate thamefelfis, Gif thajt, may with F f i faif ii<^ TKMFATIO, faif Confciencc oppone thamefclfis to us, who feik no- thing hot Chrift Jejus his glomus Evangell to be prekhed, his holy Sacramentis to be trewlie minifirate, Superftitiotm, n^-^rannie^ and Idolatrie to be fupprejjed in this Realme; And iinallie, The Libertie of this our native Cuntrey to re- mane frie from the Bondage and Ttrranie of Strangeris. , { Quhill that the Quein Kegent piacfteifed with the I^ie- latis, how that Chrift Jefus his blcflit Evangell micht uc- tcrlie be fuppreilit within Scotland, God fo bHftit the La- bours ot his waik Servants, that na fmall Parte of the .Bar- rones of this Reahiie began to abhore the Tyrranie of the Bilchopis : God did ib oppin thair Eyis by the Licht ol his Word, that thay could cleirlie difcernc betwix Idola- trie, and the tiew honouring of God : Yea, Men almojft univerfallie began to dout quhidder they micht (God not offendit) gif thair bodelie Pretence to the Mefs, or yit offer thair Childrein to the Papifticall Baptifme To the whiche doutcis quhen the maift godlie, and maift leirned in Europe had anlwered, bothe by VVorde and Writ, af- firming, TW nether of bothe vje micht do, without the ex- treim "JPerriiiis of our Saullis, we began to be more trou- blit : For then alfo began Men of Eftimatioun, and that bair Reulle amongeft us, to examinate thamefelfis concern- ins thair Dewtis, alfweill towardis Reformatioun of Reli- gioun, as toward the juft Defence of thair Brethrein maift cruellie perfecutted. And fo began divers Queftiounis to be moved, to wit, Gif that zvith faif Conference juch as zver Juges, Lordis, and Reul/aris of the Pepiii, micht jcr^e the upper Towers in mainteining of Iddatrte, in per fecut ting thair Bretherin, and in fupprefsing Chrifts Truth ? Or, ^luhidder they to quhome Cod tn jum Caife had c omit ted 'the Sworde of Juft ice, micht fuffer the Blude of thatr 'Bre- threin to be jched in thair Pre fens, without eny Declaratioun that fuche lirranie difpleifit thame ? By the plain Scrip- tures it was found. That a lyvelie Fayth required a plain Confejsioun when Chrijiis Treuth is opugned, ^hat not onelie ar they ^iltie that do evill, bot alfo they that ajjent to evill. And plain it is, That they alTent to cvill, who feing Ini- quitic m quitie oppinlie committed, by thair Silence feim to jufti- fie and allow whatfoevir is done. Thefe Thingis being rcCoh'ed, and fufficientlie proven by evident ScriptLiics of God, we began everie Man to luke more diligcntlie to his Salvatioun: For the Idola- trie and Tviranie of the Clergie, callic the Churchemen, was and is fo manifcft, that whofoevir doethc deny it, declairech himiclf ignorant ot God, and Enemic to Chrift Jcfus. We thairfoir with humbill ConfefTioun of our for- mer Offences, with fafting and Supplicatioun to God, be- gan to (eik fum Remedie in fo prcient a Danger. And firft it was concludit, l^hat the Brethren in e^verie ^oun at certane Tymes juld aljemhle togither, to Comotm'Prayarisy to E^erceis, imd reiddino of the Scriptures, till it fould pleis Cod toge,to reflbne with hir, and to crave (bum Performance of hir monifald Promeiles. To quhome (che anlwered, // became not Subjects to biirdein thair Princes with Pro- nteifes, furder then it pleifit thame to keip the fam. Bothe thei Nobillmen fayth- fullie and baldlie difchairgit thair Dewtie, and planelie foirwaimit hir of the Inconveniencis that war to follow j quhairwith (che fumquhat aftonyed, (aid, &che "wald avyis. In this mein Tyme did the Toun of Perth ^ callit Sanfl: Johnefiaun, imbrace the Treuthe, whiche did provoke hir to a new Furie ; in whiche (che willit the Lord Ruthven Proveil^ of that Toun, to (iippres all fuche Religioun thair. To the whiche when he an(wered,"That he culd mak thAir Bodyis to cum to " hir Graice, and to proftrate thamefelfis befoir hir, till that (che war fullie (a- •' tiate of thair Blude, bot to caus thame do againit thair Confcience, he culd *' not promeis." Sche in Furrie did anfwtx^T'hat he was to mallapairt^ to gif hir fuche Anfwens^ affirming, 'T'hat bothe he and they foiild repent it. Sche (blifted Mr, James Halybourtoun Proveift of Dundie, to apprehend Paull Meffen^ who feiring God, gave (ecreit Adverteifment to the Man to avoyd the Toun (or a Tyme. Sche (end furthe (uche as (che thoicht moift abill to perfwaid at Pafche, to caus Montrois, Dundie, Sanft Johneftoun, and uther (uch Plaices as had receaved the Evangell, to communicate with the Idoll of the Mes j bot they culd profeit nothing, the Hairtis of mony war bent to follow the Trewthe reveilled, and did abhorre Superftitioun and Idolatrie. Quhairat (che more hielie comoved, did fummond agane all the Freicheours to compeir at Strive^ Ting, the Tent Day o( Maii, the Yeir of God ij<9. Whiche underftude le us, we with all humbill Obedience (bcht the Meinis how (che micht be ap- peafif, and our Freicheours not moleftit: Bot quhen we culd nothing pre- vaill, it was concludit be the hoUe Brethrein, That the Gentilmen of everie Cuntrey (uld accumpanie thair Freicheours to the Day and Plaice appointed ; quhairto all Men war moft willing. And for that Purpois the Toun otDua- die, the Gentilmen of Angus znd Mearnis, paffit ford ward with thair Freiche- ours to Sancl Johne/ioun^ without Armour, as peiceable Men, mynding only J, to Lib. II. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 1 27 to gif ConfelTioun with thair Preicheours. And Icift that fuche a Multitude fuld have gevin Feir to the Qucin Regent, the Laird of /)/w, a zealous, pru- dent, and godlie Man, pafTit bcfoir to the Qucin, than being in Strheling, to declair to hir, That the Caus of thair Convocatioun was onelie to gif Confef- fioun with thair Preicheours, and to afTift thame in thair juft Defence. Sche underftanding the Fervencie of the Pepill, began to craft with him Co- lifting him to rtay the Multitude,and the Preicheours alf(), with Promeis that fchfe wald tak fum better Ordour. He, a Man maift gentill of Nature, and maift addiA to pleis hir in all Thingis not repugnand to God, wrait to thofe that then war affemblit at Sanft Johiiefiouv, to flay, and not to cum fordward fchawand quhat Promeis and Elpcrance he had of the Queinis Grace Favours. At the reiding of his Letteris, fum did fmell the Craft and Deceat, and per- fvvaidit to pas fordward, unto the Tyme a Difchairge of the former Sum- monds fould be had, alleaging that utherwyis thair Proces of Horning or Re- bellioun fould be execute againft the Preicheours : And (b Ibuld not onlie thay, bot alfb all fuche as did accumpanie thame, be involved in a Jyk Cryme. Utheris did reflbne, That the Queinis Promeis was not to be fijf pefled, nether yit the Laird of Dwiis Requeiit to be contempnit, and Co did the haill Multitude with thair Preicheours Itay. In this mein Tyme that the Preicheours war fummonded, to wit* the fe- cound oC Man 1^59. arryved Johne Knox from France^ who lugeing two Nichtis onlie in Ed'mhwgh^ heiring the Day appointed to his Brethrein, repair- ed to Dimdie, quhair he earneftlie required tliame, That he mnht be permitted to affiji his Brethrein^ and to ghe Coiifeffiotm of his Faylh mth thame : Whiche granted unto him, he departit unto Sanft Johieftoim with thame; quhair he began to exhort, according to the Grace of God grantit unto him. The Queia perceaving, that the Preicheours did not compeir, began to utter her Malice • and, notwithftanding ony Requeift maid in the contrair, gave Comandment td put thame to the Home, inhibiting all Men, under Pain of Rebellioun, to afTift comrurt, receave, or mantcin thame in onySorte; whiche Extremitie perceaved be the faid Laird of Z)/w, he prudenilie withdrew himfelf: For utherwayis by all Appeirance, he had not efchaipit Imprifonment ; for the Maifter of Max- vcell^ ane Man zebus and f^out in Godis Caus, as than appeirit, under the Clocke of ane uther frnaU Cryme, was that fame Day comitted to Waird becaus he did bauldlie affirme, ^hat^ to the uttermoft of his Power, he wald ajfili the Preicheours, and tie Congregatioun, mtiiuithfianding ony Sentence, whiche was injuftlie, or jould he fronttnced againft thame. The Laird of Dim cuming to St. Johneftoun exponed the Cais even as it was, and did conceill nothing of the Queinis Craft and Falfhoode. f "Whiche underflode, the Multitude was Co in- flamed, that nether culd the Exhortatioun of the Preicheours, nor the Comand- ment of the Magiftrate f^ay thame, from defiroying the Plaices of of Idola* trie. The Maner quhairof was this. The Preicheours had declaired afoir, how odious was Idolatrie in Godis Frefence ; quhat Ccmandment he had given for the Def^mftion of the Monuments thairof, quhat Idolatry, and quhat Ab- homination was in the Mefs. It chanceit, that the nixt Day, whiche was the iithofA7rt;?, efter, that the Preicheours wer exyllcd, that efter the Sern-.cne whiche was vehement againft Idolatrie, that a Preift in Conten-pr wald ec to the Mefs J and to declair his malapairte Prefumptioun, he wald oppin up I i 2 ane I Thair is m this Plqce, 'n the uther Copie, inferred the Summonds againft the Freirs, qul»ifc is in the End of the firft Bnke. 128 TbeHtlhrieoftheReformatioun Lib. II. ane dorious Tabernacle, whiche ftud upoun the hie Alter ; thair ftud befyid certain <^odlie Men, and arnongis utheris a young Boy, who cryed with a loud Voice 'This if intoUerahlc, that quhen God by his JVorde hath pkmelie damned Ida- litrie -we fall ft and and fie it ufed in Defpyte. The Preift hcirat ofFendit, gave the Child a grit Blowe ; who in Anger tuk up a Stone, and cafting at the Treifl did hit the Tabernacle, and brake down ane Image ; and immediatly the haill Multitude that war about caft Stanes, and put R-inds to the faid Ta- bernacle and to all uther Monuments of Idolatrie, whiche they difpatched, befoir the tenth Man in the Toun wer adverteifit, for the maift Parte war eane to Denner. Whiche noyffed abrode, the haill Multitude conveinit, not of the Gentilmen, nouther oi thame that war erneft Profeffours, bot of the ralcall Multitude, who finding nothing to do in that Churche, did rin without Deliberatioun to the Gray and Black Freiris ; and notwithftanding that they had within thame verray ftark Gairdis keipt for thair Defence, yit war thair Galttis incontinent bruftup. The firjt Invafioun was upoun the Idolatrie; and thare efter the comoun Pepill began to feik lum Spoyll. And in verray deid the Gray Frcirs was a Plaice weill providit, that unlels honeil: Men hadfein the fam we wald have feirit to report what Provifioun they had ; thair Scheitis, Blancattis Beddis and Covertours war fick, that no Erie in Scotland had the better • ♦ thair Naiprie was fyne ; thay war bot aucht Perfonis in Convent, and yit had aucht Punlcheonis of (alt Beif, fconfidder the Tyme of the Yeir the nth of Mail) Wyne, Beir and Aill, befyidis Stoir of Vic^uells ef feirin"" thairto. The lyk Aboundance was not in the Blak Freiris; and yit thair was moir than become Men profefling Povertie. The Spoylle was permit- ted to the Pure ; for Co had the Preicheours befoir threatned all Men, that for Covetoufnes faik none (buld put thair Hand to (uche a Reformatioun, that no honeft Man was enriched thairby the Valew of a Grotte. Thair Confcience fo moved thame,that thay (ufferit the(e Hipocreitis to tak away quhat thay could, of that whiche was in thair Plaices. The Pryour of Charterhoits wes per- mitted to tak with him, evin fo muche Gold and Silver, as he was weill able to carie. So war Menis Confoiences befoir beatten with the Worde, that thay had no Refoeft to thair awin particular Profeit, bot onelie to abolifche Idolatrie, the Places and Monumentis thairof, in whiche they war (o buflie and fo laborious, that within two Dayis thele thrie grit Places, Monuments of Idolatrie, to witt the Blak and Gray Freiris, and the Cbarterhous Monkis, a Building of a wondrous Coft and Greitnes, was fo deftroyed, that the Wallis onUe did re- mane, of all thefe grit Edificatiounes. Whiche reported to the Quein, fche was fo enraged, that fohe did vow Utierlie to deftroy SainH Johneftoun, Man^ Woman^ and Cbyld^ and to confume the fame hy Fyre^ and thairefter to fait it, in gigne of a terpetuall Defoktioun. We fo(pe6ling nothing foche Crueltie, bot thinking, that fuche Wordis michth efohaip hir in Choler, without Purpois determinat becaus fohe was a Woman let afyre by the Complaintis of thois Hypocreitis, who flockit unto hir, as Ravenis to a Carioun; we, we fay, fufoefting nothing fuche beiftlie Crueltie, returnit to our awin Houfos • leving in St. Johneftoim Johne Knox to inftruft, becaufe they war young and rude in in Chrift. Bot fohe fet on Fire, partelie be her awin Malice, partlie be hir Freinds in France, and not a littill by Brybes, quhilk fche and Monfiuer d' Ofell recevit from the Bifchopis and Preifts heir at Hame, did continew in hir Rage. And fit ft. Sche feat for all the Nobiiitie, to quhome fche complainir, Thut Lib. II. of Rcligiotm in Scotland. 125) ^at ixe tueinit nothing hot RebeUioiin : She did grevouflie aggrcagc the Dcftrufti- oun of x.\\c Chart erbous, becaus it was a Kingis Fundatioun, and tharc was the Tombe of King James the firli And be fuche iither Perfwafiounis, fche maid the maift Parte grant to perfew us. And than incontinent fcnt flie for hir Frenche Men; for that was, and evir hes bein hir Joy, to fie Scottu Men dip one with ane uttheris Bludc. No Man was at that Time more franck againit us, then was the Duke, led be the cruell Bcift, the Bifchope of Sanft Audron^ and be thois that yit abufe him, the Abbote of Kilwynwg and Mather Hanmilioiat of Mylhrne, two cheif Enemies to Chrilt Jcfus ; yea,and Enemies to the Duke, and to his haill Hous, bot in (a far as thereby they procure thair particular Profeir. Thefe and fuche uther peftilent Papifles ceafTit not to caft Faggotis in the Fyrc, continuallie crying, Fordward iipoim thefe Herety ikes; "we Jail ance red this Realnie of thanie. The Certaintie heirof cuming to our Knawledge, fum of us re- paired to the Toun again, about tiie 2 2d Day of A/j//, and thare did abyde, for the Comfort of our Brcthrein : Quhair, efter Invocatioun of the Name of God, we began to put the Toun and ourfelfis in fick Strength, as we thoicht micht beft Itand for our Defence. And becaus we wcr not utterlie difpaired of the Queinis Favour, we caufed forme a Letter to hir Grace as followis. To the Queinis Grace Regent, all humbill Obedience and Dcwtie premiled. f*^ heirtofoir, ivith Jeopard of our Lyves^ and yit willing Hairtis^ we hwve fer- ved the Aiuhoritie of Scotland, and your Giace^ now Regent in ihisRealme in Serijice to our Bodies dangerous and panejidl ; fo now, with inn It dolorous Myndis, we ar conftrayned, ly injuft Tyranie purpoifed againji uSj to declair unto your Grace^ That except this Crueltie be ftayed^ be your IVijdome^ we will be com- pellit to tak'the Sworde of juft Defence, againji all that fall perfew us for the Mat~ ier of Religioun, and for our Confcience faik, quhilk aucht not, nor may not be fubje^ to vwrtall Creatures, farder then by Godis JVord Man is abill to prove that he haihe Power to comand us. We fignifie more unto your Grace, Tl:at if he Rigour we be compellit to feik the extreim Defence, that we will not onlie notifie our Innocence, and Petitiones to the King 0/ France, to our Maiftres and to her HuJ- hand, hot alfo to the Princes and Counfaill of everie ChriCtiane Reahne, declining unto thame, that this cruell, injuft and maifi tirranicall Murder intendit againft us a- gainft Tounis and Multitudes, was, and is the onelie Cans of our Revolt from our accuftomed Obedience, quhilk, in Godts Prefence, we faythfullie promeis to our Save- rane Maijires, to hir Hufhand, and unto your Grace Regent j provyding, that our Conjciences may live in that Peice and Libertie, whiche Chriji Jefus hes purcheffit unto us be his Blude : And that we may have his IVorde trewlie preiched, and hdlie 6acramentis rychlie minifirat unto us ; without the quhilk we firmelie purpois nevir to he fuhjeit to-mortall Man : For better, we think, to expone our Bodeis to a thou, fand Deyths^ then to hazard our Saullis to perpetuell Condemn at iotm, he denying Chr'tft Jefus, and his manifeft Veritie, quhilk 'thing not onlie do thay that comitt opptn Idolatrie, hot alfo all fuche, as feing thair Brethrein injufilie pitrfued , for the Caus of Religioun, and having fufficient Means to comfort and affijt thame, do not the les withrraw from them thair detjull Support. We wald not your Grace fould he deceaved he the fals Perfuafiounts of thefe cruell Beiftis the Kirk Men, who affirme^ That jour Grace neidethe not gritlie to regaird the Lois of us, that profes Chrift Je- fus in IhisRealme J gif {as God forbid) ye gif Eir to thair peftilent Confail, and K k /* I Qo The Hi[loirie of the Refer matioun L i b. II. fo life againft us this Estremitie pretendit^ it is to he feired^ that nether ye, nor your Pojieritie, Jail at ony Tyme efter this, find that Obedience and faythfull Ser- vice within this Realme, quhilk at all lymes ye have found inns. JVe declair our Jugement frelie, as trew and faythfull Subjecls. God move your Grace's Hairt fa- vour aUie to interpriet our faithful Meaning. Farther adverteifing your Grace,ihat the felf fame Thing, togedder with all Ihingis we have done, or yit intend to do, we will tiotifie, be our Letters to the King of France. J/hng of yaw, in the Name of the eternellGod,ana asyourGrace tenders the Peice and ^detnes of this Realme, that ye in. vaid us not with Violence, till we receave Anfwer from our Mai/ires, hir Hu/hund, and from thair advyifit Counfaill thair. And thus we comitt your Grace to the Prote^ioun of the Omnipotent. From San^ ]Q\\r\t^oun, the 22d of Mail 1//9. Sic fubfcribitur, Tour Grace's obedient Subje^is in all T'hingis, not repugning to God, T^he faythfull Congregatioun of Jedis Chrirt in Scotland. In the fam Tennour, we wrait to Monfieur d' Ofell in Frenche, requiring of him, that be his Wifclome he would mitigate the Queinis Raige, and the Rage of the Preiftis ; utherwayis that Flambe, whiche tlien began to burne, wald fo kendill, that when fum Men wald, it could not be floknit. Adding farder That he declairit himfelf no faythfull Servand to his Mairter, the King of France, gif, for the Plefour ot the Preiftis, he wald perfecute us, and fo compell us to tak the Sword of juft Defence. In lyk Maner we wrait to Capitane Serra la Bourfe, and to all the uther Capitanes, and Frenche Souldeours*- in generall, admoniching thame, that thair Vocatioun was not to fecht againft us naturall Scottis Men ; nether yit that thay had any fick Comandement of thair Maifter. We befeikit thame thairfoir, not to provoke us to Inenmitie a- gainft thame, confiddering, that thay had fund us favorabill in thair maift extream Neceflities. We declaired farther unto thame,That gif they enterit in Ho- ftilitie and bludie Weir againft us, that the (am fbuld remain langer then thair and our Lyves, to wit, evin in all Fofterities to cum, Co lang as naturall Scotis Men fuld have Power to revenge luche Crueltie, and moft hdrribill Ingratitude. Thefe Letteris war cauffit be fpred abrode in grit Abundance, to the End, that fum mycht cum to the Knawledge of Men. The Quein Re- eentis Letter was laid upoun hirCulhoun in the Chapell Royall of .r?/y//«^,quhair (che accuftomed to fit at Mefs ; (che luked upoun it, and pat it in the Pockat of her Gown. Monfieur d' Ofell and the Captaines reflaved fhairis, delivered evin by thair awin Souldeours ( for fum amonges thame war Favourers of the Treuth ) who efter the reidding of thame, began to ryve thair awin Beardis ; for that was the modeft Behaviour of Monfieur d' Ofell, quhen the Treuthe was tauld unto him, (b that it repugned to his Fantafie. Thele our Letters war fupprefled to the uttermoift of thair Power, and yit they cam to the Knaw- lege of many. Bot the Rage of the Quein and Preiftis could not be flayed, bot fordward they move againft us, who then wer bot a verry few and meane Number of Gentilmen in San6l 'Johneftoun. We perceaving the Extremitie to approche, did wrytt to all Brethrein, to repair towardis us for our Releifj to the quhilk we fand all Men fo reddie bent, that Work of God was evident- lie L I B. II. of Kcligiotm in Scotland. 131 lie to be efpyed; and becaus we wald omitt no Diligence, to declair our In nocencie to all Men, we formit a Letter to thoisofthe Nobilitie (who then pcrfecuted us) as cfter foUuwis. To the Nobilitie of Scotland, the Congregatioun of Chrift Jefiis within the fam defyre the Spirit of rychteous Jugement. B' . Ecaus we ar not ignorant, that the Nobilitie of this Realme, who ^^ now perfecute us, imploying their whole Study and Force, to mantein the Kingdomc of Sathan, of Superftitioun and Idolatrie, ar yit not the les de- vydit in Opinioun ; We the Congregatioun of Chrift Jefus, be yow injuftlie perlecuted, have thoicht gude, in one Letter to wrytte unto yow feverallie. We fay, ye ar devydit in Opinioun ; for fum of yow think, that we, who have taikin upoun us this Interpryis, to remove Idolatrie and the Monumentis of the fam, to oreft the trew Preichinge of Chrift Jefus, in the Boundis co- mitted to our Chairges, ar Heretyikes, (editious Men, and Troubleris of this Comoun welrhe; and thairfbir, that no Punifchement is fufficient for us j and (b blindit with this Rage, and under Pretence to ferve the Authoritie, ye proclame Weir, and threattin Dcftruftioun without all Ordour of Law againft us. To yow weiay, that nether your blind Zeall, netheryetthe Cullour*of Autho- ritie fall excuis yow in God's Prefence, quho comandis vone to fujfer Beyth till that he he opinly coiiviut iufugement^ to have offendit againft God ^ and againft his Laiu •vortttin ; quhilk no mortal Creature is able to prove againft us ; For quhatfbe- vir we have done, the fime we have done at Godis Comandement^ who plain- he comandis Idolatrie, and all Monumentis of the (am, to be deftroyed and abolilched. Our earneft and lang Requeift hes bein, and yit is, that in opyn Aflemblie it may be diipufed, in Prefens of indifferent Auditors, Whither ihatthefe AbomwatiouueSy named by the peftilent Papiftis, Religioun, quhilk thay ly Fyre and Sword defend^ be the trew Religioun of Jefus Chrift or not ? Now this our humbill Requeift denyed unto us, our Lyves ar focht in a maift cruell Maner : And ye the Nobilitie, quhois Deutie is to defend Innocentis, and to brydill the Furie and Rage of wickit Men (wer it of Princes or Empriours) do notwithftanding follow their Appetytis, and arme your felfis againft us, your Brethrein and naturall Cuntreymen j yea, againft us that be innocent and juft, as concerning all fuche Crymes as be laid to our Chairges. If ye think, that we be criminall, becaus we difTent from your Opiniouns, confider we befeik yow, that the Propheitis under the Law, the Apoftles of Chrift Jefus efrer his Afcenfioun, his primitive Kirk, and holie Martyrs, did diftaflent from the haill Warld in thair Dayis ; and will ye deny, bot that thair Aftioun was juft, and that all thofe that perfecuted thame war Murtherars befoir God.'* May not the iyk be trew this Day ? Quhat Afllirance have ye this Day of your Religioun, quhilk the Warld had not that Day of thairs ? Ye have aMultitude that agree with yow, and fo had they ; ye have Antiquitie of Tyme, and that they laiked not ; ye have Confaillis, Lawis, and Men of Reputaticun that have e- ftablifched all Thingis, as ye fuppois : Bot none of all thele can mak any Re- ligioun acceptable befoir God, quhilk onlie dependis upoin his awin Wili, re- veiled to Man in his moft facred Word. Is it not then a W crer, that ye flcip in fo deidlie a Securitie, in the Matter of your awin Salvaticun, ccrfiderirg that God gevis unto yow (o manifeft Tokcnis, that ye snd ycur Leideris ar bothe dedyned frame God } For if the Tre jail he jugeit be the Fruit (as Chrifl K k a Jsfus 132 The Hi/lor ie of the Reform atioun Lib. II Jedis affirmed, that it miift be ) then of Neceffitie it is, that your Prelatis and the hail Rabill of your Clergie be evill Treis: For it Adulterie, Pryde, Am- betioun, Drunkennes, Covetoufhes, Inceft, Unthankfulnes, Opreflioun, Murther, Idolatrie and Blafphemie be evil Fruits, thair can none of that Generatioun, quhilk clame to thame felfis the Titill of Rirk-men,be juged gmle 'Treis ; for all thefe peftilent and wickit Fruitis do thay bring furthe in grit Abundance ; and if they be evill Treis ( as ye your felfis muifl: be compellit to confes they ar ) advyis prudentlie with quhat Confciences ye can maintein thame, to occupye the Roum and Plaice in the Lord's Vyneyaird. Do ye not cofidder, That in fb doing, ye labour to maintein the Servantis of Syn in thair filthie Corrup- tiouns ; and fo confequentlie ye labour, that the Devill may rigne, and l^ill abufe this Realme, by all Iniquitie and Tyrranie, and that Chrift Jefus and his blifTit Evangell be fuppreft and extinguifched. The Name and the Cloike of the Authoritie (quhilk ye pretend) will no- thing excuis yow in God's Prefence, bot rather fall ye beir doubill Con- demnatiouD ; for that ye burdien God, as that his gud Ordinances war the Caus of your Iniquitie. All Authoritie quhilk God hes eftablifched^ is gude and perfyte, and is to he obeyed of all Men, yea, under the Pane of Damnatioun : Bot do ye not confider, that thair is a grit Difference betwix the Authoritie which is Godis Ordinance, and the Perfonis of thois,quhilk ar placed in Authc ritie. The Authoritie and God's Ordinance can nevir do Wrang ; for it co- mands, That Vyce and wicked Men be punifched, and Verte-w and verteous and jii/i Men be mainteined : Bot the corrupt Perfonis, placed in this Authoritie, may offend, and maifl comonlie doethe contrarie to his Authoritie. Is then Corruptiounes of Perfones to be followed, be RefTone he is cled with the Name of Authoritie ? Or, fall thois that obey the wicked Comandment of thois that ar placed in Authoritie, be excuifed befoir God ? Not fb ; not fb : Bot the Plagues and Vengeance of God takin upoun Kingis, thair Servandis, and Subie6lis, do witnes to us the plain contrarie. Pharao was a King, and had his Authoritie of God, quho comandit his Subjeftis to murther, and tor- ment the Ifraelites, and at laft maift cruellie to perfecute thair Lyves, But was thair Obedience ( blind Rage it fbuld be callit ) excufabill befoir God ? The univerfall Plague did planeJie declair, that the wicked Comander and thofe that obeyed war alyk giltie befoir God. And if the Exemplill of Pharao fall be reiectit, becaus he was ane Ethnick, then let us confider the Fa6l of Saull; he was a Ring anoynted of God, appointed to rigne over his Pepill, he co- mandit to perfecute Z)aW, becaus, as he alleadgit, Z)(7wW was aTratour, ane Ufurper of the Crown, and lykwayis comandit Abimelech the hie Preifl and his Fellowis to be flain : Bot did God approve ony Part of this Obedience ? Evi- dent it is, that he did not. And think ye, that God will approve in yow that which he did damne in utheris ? Be not deceaved, with God thair is no fuch Particularities if ye obey the injufl Comandement of wicked Reulars,ye fall fuf fer God's Vengeance and juft Punifchment with thame : And thairfoir, as ye tender your awin Salvatioun, we mofl eirneftlie requir of yow Moderatioun, and that ye ftay your felfis, and the Furie of utheris from perfecuting of us, till our Caus be tryed in oppin and lawful Jugement. • And now, to yow that ar perfwaidit of the Juftice of our Caus, that fum- tymes have profelTed Chrifl Jefus with us, and that alfb have exhorted us to this Interpryis, and yit have left us in our extreme Neceffitie, or at leifl luik throw your Fingeris, in this our Truble, as that the Matter apperteinit not to yow j we b Lib. II. of Rdigiuunin Scotland. 133 We lay, Thar unles (all Feir and warldlie Relpeftis fet a(yid ) ye joyne with us your ltlfi'5,rhat as of God ye are repuredTratoris,fb (all ye be excomunicate from ourSotictic, and from all Participjtioun with us in the Adminirtratioun of the Sa- craments ; the Glorie of thisVi6torie,whiche God fall give to hisChurche,yea evin in the £yis of Men, fall not appcrtein to yow j bot the teirful Jugementis that appreliendit Ananias and his Wyt SaphiiLi, fall apprehend yow and your Polteri- tie. Ye may perchance contemne, and dclpyis the Excomunicatioun of the Kiik Cnow by God's michtie Power erefted among us ) as a Thing of na Force; bot yit dout we nothing, bot that our Kirk and the trewMiniltersof the fam, have the fim Power, quhilk our Mairter Chrirt Jefus grantit to his A- poftle<;, in thele Words, ^thofe Syiies ye j all forgive^ fall h forgevin ; and qiihots Synis ye ret em, fall be reteined; and that becaus they preiche, and we beleve the (am Doftrine, quhilk is conteined in his mo(l bledit Word : And thair- foir, except that ye will conteme Chrilt Je(us, nether can ye de(pyis our Threat- ning, nether yet rcHjis us calling for your jui^ Defence. Piy your fainting, and by abl^rac^ing of your Supporte, the Enemies ar incouraged, thinking, that they fall find na Refiflance ; in quhilk Point ( God willing ) they (all be deceived • for if [hay war ten tiiouf^nd, and we bot ane thoufand, they (all not murther the lei(^ of our Brethrein, brtt we (God alTiftingus) (all fir(^ comirt ourLyves in the Hands of God for thair Defence. Bot this (all aggavate your Damna- tioun, for ye declair yourlelfis both Traytors to the Treuth ance profeffed and Murtherers of us, and of your Brethrein, from quhome ye draw your debtfull and promei(ed Support, quhome (to Manis Jugement) your onlie Pre(ence micht preferve from this Danger; for our Enemies luik not to thePower of God but to the Force and Strenthc of Man. Quhen the Number is meane to re- flit thame, then rage thay, as bludie Wolfis ; bot a Partie equall or abill to re- fift thame in Appeirance, doethe brydill thair Furie. Examinate your awin Conlciences, and wey that Sentence of our Maifter Chrift Jefus, faying, ^uhofo- evir deryh me, or is afLimed of me hefoir Men, I fall deny him hefoir my Father. N\ w is the Day of his Battellsin this Realme, if ye deny us your Brethrein fuf/ering for his Name's faik, ye do alio deny him, as himfelf doeth witnefs in thefe Words, ^hatfoeijir ye did unto any of thois littill ones, that ye did unto me; and qn.batye did not to one of thefe littill ones, that ye did not unto me. Gif thcfj Sentences be trew, as concerning Meit, Drink, Clothing, and (uche Thingis as apcrteiii to the Bodie, (all thay not be lyikwayis trew in thois Things that appertein to the Frefervatioun of the Lyves of thoufandis, whois Elude is now (ochr, for protefling of Chrift Jefus ? And thus fchortlie leive we yow, who fumtymes hes profelTit Chrift Jefus with us, to the Examinarioun of your awin Confciences. And yit ances again, of yow, who blindit be Superfti- «ioun rerfpcute us, we require Moderatioun, till our Caus maybe tryed, quhilk gif ye vvii! not grant unto us for God's Caus, yit we delyre yow to have Re- rpect to thePrelervatioun of our comounCuntrey, whiche we cannot fbner betray an the Hands of Strangers, then that one of us deftroy and murther ane uther. Confidder our Petitiounes, and call for the Spirit of rychteous Jugement. Thefe our Letters being divulgate, fum Men began to reflbne, Quhidder of Confcience they micht invaid us or not, confidering that we offered dew Obedience to the Authoritie, requiring nothing bot the Libertie of Confcience, and our Rehgioun and Fafl to be tryed be the Word of God. Our Letteris came with convenient Expeditioun to the Handis of the Brethrein in Ciinntng- L 1 harrte 34 The Hiftorie of the Kejormatioim Lib. IL hame and Kylle^ who conveinit at the Rirk of Craigie^ qiihair efter (um con- trarious Reflbnis, Alexander Erie of GleKcairfie, in Zeale burft furthe in thois Wordis, Lat everie Man ferve his Confdeuce. I will, he Gods Gra'ice, fie my Bre- threin in San^ Johneftoun : Tea, alheit nevir a Man fuU accumpanie me, I will go, and gif it -war hot with ane Pick iipoun my Schiidder, for I had rather die with that Cumpanie than leve efter thame. Thefe Wordis Co incuraget the reft, that all decreid to go fordward, as that they did Co ftoutlie, that quhen the Lyoun Herald in Cote Armour,commandit all Men under the Pane of Treftbne to returne to thair Houfes by publift Sound of Trumpet in Glafgow, nevir Man obeyed that Chairge, bot all went fordward, as we will efter heir. Quhen it was cleirlie underftude that the Prelatis and thare Adhereutis, flip, prefling our Petitiounes as far as in thame lay, did kendill the Furie of all Men againft us, it was thocht expedient to wrytt unto thame llim Declara- tioun of our Myndis, whilk we did in this Forme followhig. 'To the Generatioun of Antichrifi, the peftilent Prelats, and thair Schavelingis within Scotland, the Congregatioun of Chrift Jefus within the fam fayethe. ^ I ^O the end that ye fall not be abuled, thinking to efchaip juft Punilch- ^ ment, etter that ye in your blind Furie have caufed the Blude of many be fched, this we notifie and declair unto yow. That if ye proceid in this your malicious Crueltie, ye fall be intreated fquhairfbevir ye fall be appre- hendit) as Murtherers and opin Enemies to God and Mankynd. And thair- foir betymes ceis fi-om this your bludie Rage : Remove firft from your (elfis,your Bandis of bludyMen of Weir,and reforme your felfis to a moir quiet Lyif,and thairafter mitigat ye the Authoritie whiche, without Cryme comitted upoun our Parte, ye have inflamed againft us ; or ellis be ye aflured. That with the fam Meafur that ye have mefiired againis us, and yit intendis to meafur to utheris, it fall be mefured unto yow j that is^ as ye by Tj7r- ranie intend not only to deftroy our Bodeis, bot alfb by the fam to hald our SauUis in Bondage of the Devi 11, fubjeft to Idolatrie, fo fall we with all our Force and Power, quhilk God fall grant unto us, execute juft Vengeance and Punifchment upoun yow ; yea, we fall begin that Xam Weir that God comandit the Ifraelites to execute againft the Canaanites, that is, Contraft of Peice fall nevir be maid, till ye defift frome your oppin Idolatrie and crueLl Ferfecutioun of Godis Childrein : And this we fignifie unto yow in the Name of the eternall God, and of his Sone Jelus Chrift, whofe Veritie we profes, and Evangell we will have preiched, and holie Sacramentis rychtlie mini- ftrate, fb lang as God will aftift us to gainftand your Idolatrie. Tak this for Adverteifment, and be not deceaved. Thefe our Requeiftis and Adverteifmentis notwithftanding, Monfieur iWfell and his Frenchemen, with the Preiftis and thair Bandis, merched ford- ward againft us to San61: Johneftoun, and approched within Ten Mylles to the Toun, then repaired the Bretherin from all Quarters for our Relief: The Gentilmen of Fyfe, Angus and Mernis, with the Toun of Dmdie, war thay that firft hafardit to refift the Enemie, and for that Purpois was chofin a Peice of Ground, a Myll or more diftant from the Toun. In this mein Tyme the 'hoxd.Kuth'ven, Proveift of the Toun ofSanft 'johneftoun, and a Man quhome monye judgit ftout and godlie in that A6lioun (as in verie deid he was evin Lm. II. of RchgiuHn in Scotland. 135 to his laft Brcarhe) left the Toun, and fiift dtpartit to his awin Plaice, and eitcr to th'- Quein ; quhois Dcfcfticun and Revolt was a grit difcurage to tht Hiirris of mcny : And 3 it did God Co comfort liis, that within the Spaice of Tweif Hours efttr, the Hairtis of all Men war erected agane. For thfle that war then afi'emllit did not fo much hope Vi6^oric be thair awin S:re!.the, as be the Power of him wliofe Vcntie tlicy profefled, and began ane to comfort ane uther till the haill Multitude wer erefled in a rcflbnabill Efperance. The Day efter that the Lord RtiiL-ven departit, quhiik was the :!4th of ALiii, came the Erie of yf;^(;v//, Lord Jiinies Pryour of Sanft Ancirois^ and the Lord Sempill, direfled from the Quein Regent to inquir the Caus of that Convocatioun of Liegis thair. To quhdme, quhen it was anfwcred, that it was onelie to refift that cruell Tyrranie devyifit againis that pure Toun, and the Inhabitantis of the (am. They asked, if we myndit not to h^ld that Toun againrt the Authcritie, and againrt the Quein Regent. To the quhiik Queftioun anfwerit the Lairdis ofZ)//;/ and Pettarro^Wnh. the Con- gregatioun oi' Angus and Meruis, the Maifler of Lii/i/efiiy, the Lairdis of Liw. d're, Babxairde^ and uther Barronis of Fyfe^ That if the Queinis Grace wald ftjffer thii Religioun thair begun to proceid, and not trubill thair Brethrein and Sifteris that had profeffit Chrift Jefus with thame, that the Toun, thay thamereifis, and quhat(bevir to thame perteined, fuld be at the Queinis Co- mandiment. Q'lhilk Anfwer underftude, the Erie qf Argyll and the Priour (who bayth war than Protclbntisj began to mu/e, and fjiid plainlie, That thay war far utherwayis informed by the Quein, to •wit^ That we ment 110 Re- ligioun^ hot a plain Rebellioun. To the quhiik quhen we had anfwerit fimplie, and as the Treuthe was, to ixit. That we conveinit for no uther Purpois, bot onlie to alTift our Brethrein, who then war moft injuftlie 'perfecuted ; and thairfoir we defyred fayihfuilie to reporte our Aniwer, and to be IntercefTours to the Quein Regent, That fuche Crueltie fuld not be ufit againfl us, confid- dering that we had offered, in our former Letters, alfweill to the Queinis Graice, as to the Nobilitie, cur Matter to be tryed in lawfull Jugemcnt. They promeifit Fidelitie in that Behalf, quhiik ahb they keipif. The Day efter, quhiik was the 2jth Day ofMaii, befoir that the faidis Lords departit, in the Morning Jobue Kuox defyrit to fpeik with the fam Lordis, quhiik grant- ed unto him, he was convoyit to thair Lugeing be the Laird of Balwaird. And thus he began. The Oratioun of Johne Knon to the Lordis. JUE frefent Truhlis^ HotrowahiU Lords, aucht to move the Hartis not onlie of the trew Servantis of God, bot alfo of all fuche as hear ony Favour to thair Cuntrey, and naturall Cuntreyinen, to defend within thamefelfis, and deiply to con- fider quhat fall be the End of this pretended Tyrrany. The Raige of Sathan feaketh the Deftru^ioun of all thefe that within this Realme profefs Chrift Jefus j ard they that inflame the ^leins Grdce, and yow the Nobills againji us, regarde not qnho prevadl, provyded that they 7nay abufe the IVarld, and ieve at thair Pie- four, as heirtofoir they have done. Tea, I fear, that fome feak nothing more than the Effuftoun of Scottis Blcode, to the End that your Pojfejfiounes may he the wore patent to utheris. Bot becaus that this is not the Principall quhiik I have to fpeak, omitting the Jam to be" confiddered by the Wifdome «/" thofe to quhome the Care of the Comon-welthe apperteinthe, LI 2 f, I 3^ The Hiftorie of the Reformatioun Lib. II. 1. I maili humU'te requyre of yow, my Lordis, it? my Name to fay to the ^eins Grace Regent^ that wf , quhome fche in hir hlynd Rage dolh perfecute^ ar Godts Sei- niantis^ faythfull and obedient Subjects to the Authoritie of this Reahne ; 'That that Religioiin qiihilk fche pretendeth to muinteyiie by Fire and S'xorde, is not the trew Religioun of Chrtft Jefus^ bot is expres contrarie to the fame ; a Superftitioiin de- vyfed be the Brane of Man, whiche 1 offer myfelf to prove againft all that with- in Scotland will mantene the contrarie, Libertie of Toung being granted unto mCy and Godis written Word being admitted for Juge. 1. I farder requyr your Honours, in my Name to fay to hir Grace, that as of be- foir I have written, fa now I fay, that this hir Interpryis fall not profperouflis fucceid in the End. And albeit for a Time fche truble the Sancts of God, for fche fechts not again/i Man only, but againft the Eternall God and his invin- cibill Veritie ; and tharefoir the End fall be hir Confufioun, unlefs betyme fche re- pent and defift. Thefe Things requyr I of yow, in the Name of the Eternall God, as from my Mouth, to fay unto hir Grace, adding, that I have bein, and I am a more afjured Fremd to hir Graice than they that ether flattering hir Graice, ar Ser- vandis of hir corrupt Ajfecliounis or dppetyites, or ellis tnflambe hir againft its, who feik nothing bot Godis Glory ~t0 be advanced^ Vice to be fuppreffed, and Veritie to be manteined in this pure Realme. They all thre did promeis to reporte his Words, fb far as they could, whiche efterwards we underftude they did ; yea the Lord Sempill himfelf, a Man fauld under Syn, Enemie to God, and to all Godlines, did male luche Reporte, that the Quein was fumquhat offendit,that ony Man (uld uls fuche Libertie in hir Fre- (ence. Sche ftill proceided in hir Malice ; for immediatlie thairefter fche lent hir Lyoun Herauld, with Lettres ftraitlie chairging all Men to avoyde the Toun, under the Pane of Treaflbne. Quhilk Letters, efter he had declai- rit to the cheif Men of the Congregatioun, he publi6tlie proclamed the fame, upoun Sonday,\he 27th of Maii. In this meinTyme came fure Rnawlege to the Quein,to the Duke,and to Monfieur <^0/>//,that the Erie ofGlencairne,the Lordis Uchiltrie and Boyd, the young Scheref of Air, the Lairdis of Cragie-walace, Sefnock, Carnell, Barr, Garthgirthe, and the haill Congregatioun of Kylle and Cuninghame, approched for our Relief; and in verie deid they came in fick Diligence, and fuche a Number, that as the Enemie had juft Caus to feir, fb have all they that profeflit Chrifl: Jefus Matter to prays God, for thair Fidelitie and floute Curage in that Neid ; for by thair Prefens, was the Tyrranie of the Enemie brydillit. Thair Diligence was fick, that albeit the Paflages be Strive- ling, and fex Mylles abone wer flopped ( for thair lay the Quein with hir Bands, and gart cutt the Brigis upoun the Watters of Forthe, Gudie and Teithe, abone Striveling) yit maid they fick Expeditiour^ throw Defert and Montane, that they prevented the Enemie, and approched within fex Myllis of our Campe, quhilk than lay without the Toun, awaitting upoun the Enemie, befoir that ony aflured Knawlege came to us of thair coming. Thair Number was of gud Compr, fyve and twentie hundreth Men, quhairof thair war 1200 Horfemen. The Quein underflanding bow the feid Erie and Lords, with thair Cumpanie, ap proched, caufit to befett all Wayis, that na Adverteifment fiild come to us, to the End, that we,difpaired of Supporte,micht condifcend to fick Apointment as fche required; and fent firft to requir, that fum difcreit Men of our Number wald cum and fpeik the Duke and Monfieur d' Ofell ( who then with thair Armie Lib. II. oj Religiotm in Scotland. 137 Armie lay ar Aticl:tirar ke, and the Bifchope. Bot Mai(kr Gawaue Haiimiltom, Gapper for the Bifchoprick of Sanci /f«^/o//, above all utheris was luifinglie embraced of the Quein j for he maid his folemn Vow, That he wald fecht, and that he (culd nevir returne till he had brocht thefe Traytouris to hir Graice, eyther quick or deid. And thus befoir Midnicht did they (end fordward thair Ordinance, thamefelfis did foll.)w be three Hours in the Morning The Lords heirof ad- verteifit, ans dark, quhilk helpit thairto. The Enemie (as befoir is faid) think- ing to have fund no Refiffance, efter that they had twyis or thryis praftei/ic with us, as that they wald retyir, merched fordward with grit Expeditioun, N n and Ii.2 The Hiflone of (he Reformatioun Lib. II. and approchit within a Mylle befoir that evir thair Horfmen ftayit, and yit they keipt betwix us and thame a grit Waiter for thair Strenthe. It appeired to us, that eyther they merched for Couper or Sancl Andro'is \ and thairfbir our Horfmen in thair Troupe, and a Parte of the Futemen merched fiimquhat alwayis befoir thame for faiftie of the Toun. The Lords,, with the Gentil- men of Fyif^ and (b mony oi Angus and Mernis as war prefent, keipit thame. (elfis clois in a Knot, neir to the Number of a Thoufand Speirs. The Touns of Diwdie and Sanft Andros war arrayed in ane uther Battell, quha came not to the Sicht of the Enemy, till that efrer twell Hours, thar the Mift began to evanifche, and then pafled fum of thair Horfmen to a Montane, from the Hicht quhairof they micht difterne our Number, quhilk perceaved by thame, thair Horfmen and Footemen flayed incontinent. Poftis ran to the Duke and Monfieur Dofell^ to declair our Number, and quhat Or- dour we keapedj and then war Mediatours fent to mak Apointment ; but they war nor luffered to approche neir the Lords, nether yit to the Vew of our Camp, whiche put thame to gritter Fear. Anfwer was given unto thame. That as we had ojfended no Man^ fo wald we feik Apointment of no Man : Bot if ony wald feik our Lyves^ {as we war informed they did) they fuld find us if they pie fed to make Diligence. This Anfwer receaved, war fent agane the Lord Lindefay, and Laird of Wachtoim^ quho earneftlie requeifted us to Concord, and that v^e wald not be the Occafioun that innocent Bloode fbuld be fched. We anfwered, 'That nether hact we ^larrell aganft ony Man^ nether yet foucht we anie Manis Elude ; onlte we wer convened for Defence of our awin Lyves, un- juftlie focht by itthers. We added farder, That if they culd find the Meane that •ae and our Brethrein micht be free from the Ttrranny devifed aganft usj that they fuld reffonahlie defire nothing quhilk fould be denyed for our Parte. This Anfwer receaved, the Duke and Monfieur d*Ojfelly having ComifTioun of the Quein Regent, requyred, that Affurance micht be takin for aucht Dayis, to the End that indifferent Men in the mean Tyme micht comone upoun fum finall Agreement of thofe Thingis quhilk then war in Contro- verfie. Heirto did we fuUie confent, albeit that in Number and Force we war far Superiouvs ; and for Teflificatioun heirof^ we fent unto thame our Hand-writtis, and we lykeways receaved thairs, with Promeis that within two or thre Dayis fum defcreit Men fuld be fent unto us to Sanft Andres^ with tarder Krtawlege of the Queinis Mynd. The Tenour of the AfTurance was this. The Affurance. JJ/E, James Duke of Chatterauk, Erie of Arrane, Lord Haumiltoun, &!:. '' and my Lord Dofell, Lieutennent for the King in thir Partis^ for ourfelfis^ A[fifteris and Purtakeris^ being prefently with us in Gmpanie^ be the Tenour heir- of promeis faythfully of Honour to my Lordis Archibald Erie of Argyll, and Tames Comendatour of the Priorie of SanSl Andros, to thair Affifleris and Par- tdkeriSy 'being prefentlie iloith thame in Cumpanie^ That we^ and our Cumpanie foit- faid., fall reteir incontinent to Falkland ; and fally with Diligence^ tranfport the Frenchemen and our uther Folkis now prefentlie with us j and that na Frenche- tiien, or uther Soldiours of ours, fall remane within the Boundis of Fyif, bot fa inony as befoir the rayfing of the laft Army lay in Dyfart, Kirkcaldie and King- horne, and the fame to ly in the fame Places cnlie, gif nine fall think gude. And this to hate Effect for the Space of aucht Dayis foliowivg the Dait heir of exclu- five j Lib. 11. of Keiigtouu in Scotland. 14.3; five ; ihat in the meane Tyme certatie Nobill Metij he the Acivtfe of the ^te'tnis Grace^ and rel't of the CoutifiiU^ may coirjene. to talk of fick Thingij^ as may maf: lude Ordour and ^uietties anwngis the ^nejnis Leiges. And Jarder^ tVe nor none of cur AjfifiereSy being prefent '■jijiih us, fall ttnaid^ trubill, or unquiet the faid Lordisy nor thair Affilteris, durifig the faid. Spaice. And this we kind ana okleis us, upoun our lautre Ftdelitie and Honour, to offerve and keip in every Point ahove-ooritten, hot Fraud or Gyll. In IVitnes quhairof we have fuhfcryyit thir Prefent s vnilh our Hands ^ at Gartabanks the \yh of Junii, ij^p. JAMES DUCRE. L. L. ENNEN J. And this receaved, we departed firft, becaus wc war thareto requifted by the Duke, and lb returned to Coiipar, lauding and prayfing God for his Mer- cie fchewed \ and tharetter everie Man departed to his dwelling Plaice. The Lordis, and a grit Parte of the Gentilmen palTed to Sanft Androis, quho thare abaid certane Dayis, ftill looking for thofe that war promifed to come from the Quein, for Appointment to be maid. But we perceaving hir Craft and Deceat (for under that AHiirance fche meinit nothing ells, but to convoy hir- (elt, hir Ordnance, hir Frenchemen over the Water of Forthe) tuk Confuitatioun for Deliverence of Sanft Johneftoun from thele ungodlie Soldiours, and how our Brethrein, exylled from thair awin Houles, might be reftoired agane. It was concluded, that the Brethrein of Fyif Angus, Meruis and Stratherne^ (buld convein at Sanft Johneftoun the 24th Day of Junii for that Purpofe ; and, in the mean Tyme, wer thefe Letteris written b)e the Erie of Argyll and Lord Jamesy to the Quein then Regent. Madame, JZFier the hartie Comendotiounes of Service, this fall he to fchaiio your Graice^ *^ That upoun the 1 yh Day of Junii we 'xar informed be thame ihat tmar Co~ mmers bet-wix my Lord Duke, Monfieur Dofell, and us, that 'Joe fould have fpo- kin irreverentlie of your Grace, -xhiche isje befeik your Grace, for the trew Ser- vice iiue have maid, and ar reddy to make at all Tymes to your Grace, ihat of your Goodnes you mil lat us hiaiiu the Sayeris thareof, and ijce fall do the Deity tie of trenfj Subje^is, to defend our awin Innocencie, as we tak God to witnes, of the gude Zeall and Love we heir towards you, to ferve you with trew Hartisy and dll that we have, alf-^eall Landis as Gudis, defying na uther Thing for our Service hot the Libertie of our Conjcience, to ferve the Lord our God as we will anfwer to him, quhilk your Grace aucht and fuld give to us frelie unrequyred. More- over, phis your Grace, ihat my Lord Duke, and the Nobill Men being 7»Striveling/or the 7yme, he your Grace's yfdvyfe, fotifted us to fas to the Congregatioun convened at the Toiin of Perthe, to comoun of Concord, quhair we did our exall JDili* gence, ana hrocht it to pas gs your Grace htawis ; and thare is one Point that ve plaint is not ohferved to us, quhilji is, that na isoldiour fuld remane iii the Toun *fter your Graces departing; and ftipfois it may h inferred, it was fpokin of Frerche Soldiours allanerlie, yit we tu}i it utherways, lyk as %e do yitj ihat Scot- tilmen, or cry uther Natiovn takand the King of Frarces ft ages, ar repute end iialden Frenche Soldiours: Tharefoir, fen we of gud Will ana Mynd hroucht that Mater to your Graces Contentment, it will pleis your Grace, of your Goodnes, to remove the Soldiours and thair Capanis, with uther is that home gottin Chair ge of N n a the 1 44 The Hi ft or ie of the Kejormatioun L i b, II. the Tom, that the fam may he guidh and reullit frelie, as it was hefoir be the Bailyeis and Comfaill, conforme to thair Infeftmentis gev'm to tbame be the ancient and moft excellent Kingis of this Realme^ to eleB and chufe thair Officiaris at Michelmas, and they to indure for the Spatce of an Teir, conforme to the auld Ryte and Confuetude of this Realme; quhilk being done be your Grace, we tniift, the better Succes fall follow thareupon to your Graces Contentment, as the Bearar will declar at mair Lenth to your Grace ; quhome God preferve. To S^nSiJohneftoun, with the Gentilmen befoir expreflir, did convene the Erie of Monteithe, the Laird of Glenurquhare, and divers 6thers quho befoir had not pre- fentit thamefelfis for Defence of thair Brethrein. Quhen the liaill Multitude was convened, a Trumpet was fent be the Lordis, comanding the Captanes and thair Bandis, to avoyde the Toun, and to leave it to the ancient Libertie and juft Inhabitantis of the fam : Alfo comanding the Laird of Kynfanis, inlett Proveft be the Quein, with the Captanes foirfaids, to caft up the Portis of the Toun, and mak the (am patent to all our Soveranes Leiges, to the Effecl that alfl Weill trew Religioun now anes begun tharein, may be mainteaned, and Ido- latrie utterly fupprefled ; as alfo that the faid Toun micht joyfe and bruick thair ancient Lawis and Liberties unopreffed by Men of War, according to thair auld Privileges granted to thame be the ancient Princes of the Realme, and according to the Provifioun conteaned in the Contraft of Mariage maid be the Nobility and Parliament of this Realme, with the Ring of Francey beirand, That nane of our auld Lawis nor Liberteis fould be altered. Ad- ding thareto, Gif they foolifchlie refifted, and tharein happened to comit Murther, that they (buld be entreated as Murtherers. To the quhilk they anfwered proudlie, 'J'hat they wald heap and defend that 'Toun, according to thair Promeis maid to the ^uein Regent. This Answer receaved, Preparatioun was maid for the Siege and Aflaulf. For amonges all it was concludit, that the Toun fould be fet at Libertie, to quhat Danger foevir thair Bodies fould be exponed. Quhill Preparatioun was in making, came the Erie of Huntlie, the Lord Erfkin, and Maifter Johne Ban- natyn Juftice Clerk, requiring, that the Purfuitofthe Toun fould be delayed. To (peik thame war apointit the Erie of Argylle, Lord James, and Lord Ruth- ven, quho perceaving nothing in thame bot a Drift of Time, without ony At furance that the former Wrangis fould be redrefled, gave unto tbame fohorte and plain Anfweres, That thay wald not delay thair Purpois ane Hour: -And thair/oir willit thame to certifie the Captanes in the Toun, that if by Pryd and Folifchnes, they wald keip the Toun, and in fo doing flay ony of thair Brethrein, that thay everie ane fould die as Murther aris. The Erie of Huntlie difpleifit at this Anfwer departit, as hichelie offendit, that he could not dres fuche ane A- pointment, as fould have contentit the Quein and the Preiftis. Efter thair departing, the Toun was agane fomondit : Bot the Captanes, foppofing that na fuddane Perfiiit fould be maid, and luiking for Relief to have bein ftnt from the Quein, abode in thair former Opinioun : And fo upoun Saturday, the ajth of 7««"> at ten Hours at Nicht, comandit the Lord Kuthven, quha befeigit the PVe/i Quarter, to fchute the firft Voley, quhilk being done, the Toun of Dmdie did the lyk, quhois Ordinance lay upoun the Ei/i Side of the Brig. The L I B. II. of Rcligioim in Scotland. 1 45 The Captanes and Souldiours within the Toun pcrceaving, that they war unabill lang to refift, required AlTurance, till tvvclf Hours upoun the Morne promifing, Tbat if or that Hour thare came m Relet f unto thame fra the 'Suew Regent, that they waU ranker the Toun, prcv'tding, that they Jould he fufferedio de- fart the Toun -xlth Eiifenyeis difplayit. We thriving the Bludc of no Man and feiking onelie the Libertie of our Brethrein, condefcendit to thair Dcfyris al- beit we micht have executed againft thame Jugement without Mcrcie for'that they had refuifit our former Favours, and had flane ane of our Brethrein and had hurt two in thair Afliftance ; and yit we fufferit thame freelie to departe without ony farther Moleftatioun. The Toun being deliverit from thair Thraldome, upoun Sonday the 26th of Jtnui, Thankis war gevin to God, for his grit Benefitis receaved and Confultatioun was taikin, quhat was farder to be done. In this mein Tyme, four zealous Men, confidering how obftinate, proude and defpytfull the Bifchope of A/rt/Tflj' had bein befoir, how he had threatnit the Toun be his Soul- diours and Freindis, quho lay in the Abay of Scone, thocht gud that fum Or- dour fould be taikin with him, and with that Plaice, quhilk Jay neir to the Toun End. The Lordis wrote unto him ( for he lay in the faid Abbay quhilk was within two Myllis to Sanft Johneftoun ) That miles he waldcum and a0 thdwe, they nether '■joald Jpa'tr nor fave his plaice. He anfwercd by his ■'VJnn\n^,That he ixiald cmn,aud do as thay thocht expedient; that hcjuald affiji ihame -with his Force, and ijuald voit with thame againft the reft of the Ciergie in Parlia went. Bot becaus his An(v\er was flow in cuming, the Toun of Dundie partclv ofFendit tor the Slauchter of thair Man, and fpeciaily beiring no gude Favour to the faidBifchope, for that he was and is cheif Enemie to Chrirt Jefijs, and that by his Counfaill allone was JVdher Mylle our Brother put to Deyth, they mer- ched fordward To (tay thame was firft fent the Proveift of Limdie, and his Bro- ther Alexander Halyhourtoiin Captain, quha litill prevaillit, was fent unto thame Johns Knox, bot befoir his cuming they war enterit to the pulling doun of the I- dollis and Dortour. And albeit the faid Mr. James Halybourtoun, Alexander his Brother, and the faid Johne did quhat in thame lay to have flayed the Furie of the Multitude ; yit war thay not abill to put Ordour univerfallie : And thairfor they fent for the Lordis, Erie of Argyll and Lord James, quho* cuming with all Diligence, labored to have faved the Plaice, and the Kirk. Bot becaus the Multitude had found, burj'ed in the Kirk, a grit Number of Jdollis hid, of Purpois to have preferved thame to a better Day (as the Papiffis fpak) the Touns of Dundie and Sanft Johneftoun could not be fatisfied, till thit the haill Reparatioun and Ornamentis of the Kirk ( as they fearmit it ) wer deflroyed And yit did the Lords fo travell, that they favit the Bifchopis Palaice, with theChurche and Plaice for thatNicht: For the two Lordis did not departe till thay brocht with thame the hail Number of thefe that maifl focht the Bifchopis Difplefbur. The Bifchope gritlie ofFendit that ony Thing (buld have bein interpryfit, in Reformatioun of his Plaice, afkit of the Lords his Band and Hand-wricting, quhilk not two Hours befoir he had fent unto thame, quhilk deliverit to his MelTinger Adam Broun, Adverteifment was gevin, that gif onw farder Difplefbur chanced unto him, that he fbuld not blame thame. The Bifchopis Servandis that lame Nicht began to fortifie the Plaice again ' and began to do Violence to fum that war carying away fuch Baggage as they culd cum be. The Bifchopis Girnell was keipt the firft Nicht be the Lauboris of Johne Knoxy quho by Exhortatioun removed fuche, as wald vioJentlie have O ° maid I ±6 The Hifiorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. II. maid Irruptioun. That fam Nicht departit from San6l Jokneftoun the Erie of /Irgylle, and Lord James, as after fall be declaired . The Morrow following lum of the Pure, in Hoip of Spoille, and fum of Dimdie, to confidder quhat was done, paflit up to the faid Abbay of Scone ; quhairat the Bifchopis Ser- vands offendit, began to threattin and fpeik proudelie : And, as it was con- ftantlie affirmir, ane of Bifchopis Sones ftoggit throuch with a Rapper one of Dundie, for becaus he was luiking in at the Girnell Dure. The Brute heir- of noyfit abroade, the Toun of Dund'ie was more inraged than befoir, quho putting thamefelfis in Armor, fent Word to the Inhabitants of San(5l Johne- Jioun, I'iiat utiles they fiild fupporte thamey to avenge that Injurie, that they fuld nev'ir efter that Day, concurre with thame in ony Aclioun. The Multitude eafelie inflamed, gave the AUarm : And fb was that Abbay and Plaice apointed to Sackage ; in doing quhairof they tuk no lang DeUberatioun, bot comitred the holle to the Merciment of Fyre, quhairat no fmall Number of us war offendit, that patientlie we could not fpeik till ony that war of Dnndie or Sanft Johne- ftoun. A pure agit Matrone, feing the Flame of Fyre pas up lb michtelie, and perceaving that monie war thairat offendit, in plane and fbber Maner of fpeiking, laid, Now I fie and underftand, that Godis Jiigementis ar jiift, and that no Man is ahill to fave qiihare he -mil pimifche. Sen my Remembrance, this Plaice hes hein nothing ellis hot a Den of Hunnongeris. It is incredibill to beleve, how jnony fV^fis has bein adulter at, and Virgins deflourit be the filthie Beiftis, which e have hein foflered in this Den ; bot efpeciallie be that wikit Man, quho is callit the Bifchope. Gif all Men knew alfmekill as I, they wald prais God, and no Man wald be ojfendit. This Woman dwelt in the Toun, neir unto the Abbay, at quhois Wordis war many pacifeit ; affirming with hir that it was Godis juft Jugementis. And afluredlie gif the Labours or Travellis ' of ony Man could have favit that Plaice, it had not bein at that Tyme deftroyed ; for Men of grit Eftimatioun labourit with all Diligence for the Saiftie of it. Quhill thir Thingis war done at Sanft Johneftoun, the Quein feiring quhat Ibuld follow, determined to fend certane Bandis of Frenche Souldiours to Stir- I'mg, of Purpois to floppe the Paflage to us, that then wer upoun the northe Syid of Forthe, quhilk underftude, the Erie of Argyll and Lord James departit fecreitlie upoun the Nicht, and with grit Expeditioun preventing the Frenche Souldiours, they tuke the Toun C befoir quhois cuming the rafcall Multitude put Hands in the TheifSs, I fuld fay Freiris Plaices, and utterlie deftroyed themj quhairat the Quein and hir Faftion, not a litill affrayed, with all Deligence departit from Edinburghe to Dunbar. And fo we with reafbnable Diligence merched Tbrdward to Edinburghe, for Reformatioun to be maid thair, quhair we arryved the 29th of 'Junii. The Proveifl: for that Tyme, the Lord Seytoun, (a Man without God, without Honeflie, and oftentymes without Reflbn) had be- foir gritlie trublit and moleftit theBrethrein ; for he had taikin upoun him the Pro- teflioun and Defence of the Black and Gray Freirs ; for that Purpois did not one- He ly himfelf in the one everie Nicht, bot alfb conf^raynit the moft honeft in the Toun towatche thefe Monf^ures, to thair grit Greif and Trubill. But he heirirgof our fuddante cuming, abandoned his Chairge, and left the Spoill io the Pure, quho had maid Havock of all (iiche Thingis, as wer moveabill in thefe Places, befoir our cuming, and had left nothing but bair Wallis, yea not fo muche as Duire or Window, quhairthrow we wer the les troublir in putting Ordour in luche Plaices. Efter Lib. II. ofRcligioim in Scotland. 147 Efter that certane Days we had deliberated quhat was to be done, and that Ordoiir was taikin for fupprLfTing of all Monumenris of Idolatrie within that Toun, and the Places nixt adjacent, Dcterminatioun was takin, to fend fum McflTingers to the Quein than Regent, for fche had bruited (as hir accufttrn- ed Maner was, and yit hirDochteris is, evir to forge Lies ) that we (bucht no- thing hot hir Lyif, and a plainRevolrment from the lawfull Obedience dew to our Sovcrane hir Authoriiic, as by the Tcnour of thefe Lettcris may be fein. FR A X c I s and Mary, /v the Gra'tce ofGod^ King and ^:onderfullie affftit us in our gritteft Langeris: He les firickinFeir in the Hair ft s of our Enemies, quhen they fuppofed thamefelfis mofl Q q affurei 1^4 T^^^^ Htftorie of the Reformatioun Lib. II. ajTured of Vifforie: Our Cafe is not yit fo defperate, that we mid to grant to ^hingts unreffotuihill and iingodlie j qiihilk if we do^ it is to be feirity that Thingis fail not fo projperouflie fucceidy as they have done heirtofcir. Quhen all Thingis wer comonit and agreit upoun be myd Perfonis, the Duke and the Erie of Hnntelie, quho that Day wer againft us, de(yrit to fpeik the Erles Jrgyll and Glenmirney the Lord James, and utheris oi our Par- tie, quho obeying thair Requeift, met thame at the ^larrell Hoillis betwix Leyth and Ldinhurghe, quho in Conclufioun promeift to our Lordis, " That if " the Quein brak to us any ane Jote of the Appointment then maid, that " they Ibuld declair thamefelvis plain Enemies to hir, and Freindis to us. " Alfmuche promeifit the Duke to do, in cais that (che wald not remove hir Frenche Men at ane reflbnabill Day j for the Oppreflioun quhilk they did was manifeft to all Men. This Apointment maid,andfubfcryvit by theDuke, Mon- fieur d'Ofelly and the Erie of Huntelie, the sjth Day of Julii, we returnit to the Toun of Edinhurghe, quhair we remainit till the nixt Day at None ; quhen efter Sermone, Denner, and Proclamatioun maid at the Mercat Groce, in Forme as followis, we departit. The Forme of the Proclamatioun. fOR alfmuche as it hath pkifit God, that Apsintment is maid hetwix the ^aeiit Regent and us the Lordis and haill Proteftantis of this Realme, we have thochtgud to fignifie untoyow the cheif Heidi s of the fam, qiihilke be thefe. Firrt 'J'hat no Member of the Congregatioun fall be tritbled in Life, Landsy Guds or Poffeftounis he the ^ein, or be hir Authoritie, nor be ony uther Juftice within this Realmey for ony Thing done in this laite Lmovatiomiy till that a Par- liament hath defydit Things that be in Contraverfie. 5ji. Secoundlie, TT'^f Idolatrie fall not be ereSled, quhair it is now at this Day fup- peffed. Thirdlie, That the Preicheours and Miriifteris fall not he troubled in the Mini- ftratiouHy quhatr they ar alreadie eftablifched, neyther yit flopped to preide quhair- foevir they fall happin to travell within this Reahne. Fortlie, That na Bands of Men of IVeir fall he laid in Garifonis within fhe Toun of Edinburghe. '.^'»v•^) " Thefe cheif Heidis of Apointment,concernIng the Libertie ot Religlouo, " and Confervatioun of our Brethrein, we thocht gude to notifie unto yow,by *' this our Proclamatioun,that in cais Wrang or Injurie be done, be ony of the « contrair Faftioun, to ony Member of our Bodie, Complaint may be maid " to us, to quhome we promeis, as we will anfwer to God, our faythfuU Sup- « porte to the uttermoft of our Powers. " At this Proclamatioun maid with Sound of Trumpet, war oflfendit all the i*apiftis : For firfly They allegit, it was done in Contempt of the Authoritie. Secundliey That we had proclamed mair than was conteined in the Apointment. And lafty That we, in our Proclamatioun, had maid no Mentioun of ony Thing promeifit unto thame. To fijche Murmuirs we anfwerif, That no juft Authoritie culd think it felf contemned, becaus that the Treuthe was by us maid manifeft unto all, quho utherwayis micht have pretendit Ignorance. Se- cundliey That we had proclamed nothing, quhilk was not finallie afjgreit upoun in Word and Promeifes betwix us and thois with quhome the Apointment was maid \ Lib. II. of Rcligioimm Scotland. 155 maid, quhatfoevir thair Scrybis had cftcr wiittin, quho in verie deid had al- tered, bothe in Wordis and Sentences, our Artickles as they war firft conceaved. And yit gif thair awin Wryttingis war diligcntlie examined the felf fame Thing fall be found in Subftance. And M, To prcclamc ony Thing in thair Favours, wc thocht it nor neceflarie, knawing, that in that behalf they thame- (elfis wald be diligent yneuche. And in this we wer not deceaved ; for with- in fyftein Dayis efter, thair was not a Schaveling in Scotland^ to quhom Teynd or ony uther Rent perteined, bot he had that Artickle of the Apointment be Hairt, 'That the Ktrkmen Joidd he aiip-jiered of Teyiidis^ Rentif^ and all uther Devo- teis^ and that no Man foiild truhle nor niolelt thame. We departit from Edinhurghe, the 26th of J/dif, came firft to Linlythgo-jv and efter to Strhi/mg, quhair efter Confultatioun, the Band of Defence, and Mentenance of Religioun, and for mutuell Defence everie ane of uther was fubfcryvit of all that war thair prefent. The Tenour of the Band was this. JJ/E forfe'tng the Craft and Slycht of our Adverfaries^ tending all Maner of '' IVayes to circumvene its^ and he privie Meanis intendis to afjaill every ane of ui parti cularlle^ be fair Hechtis and Promeifes^ tharethrow to feparate ane of us from ane uther ^ to our utter Ruin andDifiru'Iioun : For Remedy tbareof 'xe faytb- fully and treulie binde us, in the Prefens of God, and as ime tender the Mantenance of trew Religioun, That nane of us fall in Tymes aiming pas to the ^teinis Grace Douager, to talk or comoun "with hir for ony Letter or Meffage feat by hir unto us, or yit to be fent -without Confent of the reft, and comoun Confultatioun thare- apoun. And hffw fone that ether Meffage or Writ fill cum fa hir to us, with utter Diligence -we fall notifie the fam ane unto ane uther, fae that nothing fall pro. ceid herrin -without comoun Confent of us all. At Stirling the firft Day of An- This Band fubfcryvit, and we forfcing that the Quein and Bifchopis ment nothing but Deceat, thocht gude to fcik Ayde and Support of all ChrifHane 'Princes againft hir and hir Tyrrany, in cais we fould be mair fcharplie per- fewed ; and becaus thzt Ingland was of the fame Religioun, and lay nixt unto us, it was juged expedient firft to prove thame, quhilk we did by ane or twa ^eflengeris, as hareafter in the awin Place more amplie (all be declared. Efter we had abiddin certane Dayes in Stirling, the Erie of Argyll departed tp 'Glafcovj ; and becaus he was to depart to his awin Cuntrey, (with quhome alfb paft Lord James') to pacific (um Trubill quhilk be the Craft of the Quein was rayfit in his Abfens, he requyred the Erie of Glencairne, Lord Boyd, Xord Uchiltrie, and utheris of Kyll, to meit tharc for fum Ordour to be takin, that the Brethrein lould not be opprefTit, whiche with ane Confent they did, and appointed the Tenth of September for the nixt Conventioun at Stirling. Quhilles thefe Thingis war in doing at Glafgo-w, Litteris and ane Servant cam fra the Erie of Arrane to the Duke his Father, fignifeing unto him, that by the Providence of God, he had efchaiped the Frenche Kingis Handis, quho moft treffonablie and moft cruellie had focht his Lyif, or at leift to have comir- ted him to perpetuell Priflbun : For the fame Tyme the faid FrencheKin^, fe- ing he culd not have the Erie himfclf, gart put his younger Brother (a Baime Q q 2 of 1^6 The Hi/lorie of the Re/ormatioim Lib. II, of fuche Age as culd not offendj in ftrair Preffon, quhair he yk remanes, to mt in the Moneth of O^oher^ the Yeir of God i;;9; quhilk Thingis war done by the Craft and Policie of the Quein Dowager, quhat Tynie the Duke and his Freyndis war moft frack to fet fordward hir Caus. Thefe Letteris re- ceaved and the Eftait of his two Sones knawin, of quhome the ane was efchaiped, and' the uther cafl: in vyle PreflToun, the Duke def)'red comuning with the Erie of Argyll^ quho, partlie againft the Will of lum that luifit him, raid to the Duke from Gl.ifgow to Haumiltoim, quhair abyding all Nichf, he declair- ed his Tugement to the Duke, and to his Freyndis, efpeciallie to Mr. Qiwaiie Haiimdtoun. The Duke requyred him and the Lord James to wryte thair freyndlie and comfortable Letters to his Sone, quhilk they both moft wil- linglie did, and efter addreffit thame to thair Jorney ; but the veray Day of thair depirting cam ane Butonecoiirt from the Quein Regent, with Letters, as was alleged, from the King and Quein of France to Lord James^ quhilk he delivered with a bragging Cuntenance, and mony threatning "Wordis. The Tenour of his Letters was this. Le ROY. MY Coiifingi I have bene gritlie aflonifcled^ having under jiude the TriiUes that ar happenned in thefe Partis ; and yit do mor mervell, that ye of quhome I had an holle Confidence^ and alfo hes this Honour to be fa neir the ^leinis Grace my Wyif and had receaved of umquhille the Kingis Grace my Father, hir Grace and me fuche Graces and Favours, that ye fould be fo forgetful! as to mak your felf the Heid, and one of the principall Beginnaris and Nurifcharis of the 'Tu- multis and Seditiounis that are fein thare, the quhilk becaus it is fo firange as it is and fyne againft theProfeffioun that ye at allTymes have maid, I cannot gudly leleve it. And it be fo, I cannot think, bot ye have bein intyfed and led thairto, le ftm Perfonis that have feduced, and caufit yow commit fick ane Fault, as I am a/Jiiirit ye repent of alreddie, quhilk will be a grit Plefour to me, to the Effe5t that I micht lois ane Parte of the Occafioun I have to be mifcontent with yow, as I ■■will yow to under ft and I am, feing ye have fa far deceaved the Efperance I had of yow^ and your AffeLJioun towardis God, and the Weill of our Service, unto the quhilk ye kna-w ye ar alfmekill and mair obleift, than ony uther of the- Lordis thair. for this Cans defyrand, that the Matteris may be duetifulUe amended, and kna-wattd •what ye may t hair until I ; I thocht gude one this Maner to wryte unto yow, and pray yow to tak Heid to returne to the gude Way, from quhilk ye have declynit, and caus me knaw the fam by Effects, that ye have ane uther Intentioun then this quhilk the Foleis bypaft makis me now to beleive ; doing all that evir ye can, to reduce all Thingis to thair fir ft Eftait, and put the fam to the rycht and gude Obedience, that ye kna-w to be dew unto God and unto me. Utherwayis ye may be weill affurit, I will put to my Hand^ and that in gude erneft, that yow and all they that hes done, and dois as ye do^ fall feill throw thair awin Fait, that quhilk they have defervit and merited, e' vin as I have gevin Whairge to this Gentilman, prefent Beirer, to mak yow knaw mair larglie of my Parte: For quhilk Caus^ I pray yow credite him as ye wald do myfelf. Prayand God, my Coufingy to have yow in his holie and worthie Protec- tioun. Writtin at Parifche, the 17th Julii 1//9. The Lib II. of R J g'oun tfi Scotland. 157 The fam Meflinger brrcht aI(o Letters frcm the Qi cin our Soveranc, more fthairpc ard threatning it en the former; for hir Conclufioun Was, Vcus en fenteias hi fomliure a J. mais. This Crcdite was, that th( Kirp wald fpend the Croun of France, or that he wcr not tcvengit upoun (Ick l(ditioi;s Perlbnis ; that he wald nevir have fulpedit fuch liK.bcdience and (iich Deftftioun trcm his awin Siltcr in him. To the quhilk the faid Lord James anfwerif, firft by, "Word and (yn by Writing, as tollowes. SIR, TLMY Dewtie remeynhed. four Majefties Letter^ from Paris the lytk 0/ Julii *^* la/i, I rejjiived, proporthig in EJje^, Ihat your Majeftie fould mervell thai / heing forget jdl of the Graces and Favours fchawin me, be the King, of blijfit Me- morie, your Majefties Father, and the ^iicinis Grace my Soverane, fould declare myfelf Ueid, and ane of the principal! Begtneres of the allegit Tiimultis and Seditiounis in thir Partis, deceasing tharehy your Majifttes Expeclatioun at all Tymes had of me^ ixitb Afjurame, that if I did not declare ly contiarie Effeclis my Repentance, /, •with the Rett that had put, or yit puttis Eana to that IVark, fould reffave the Reixaird that we had deferred and merited. Sir, it gredvis me heavelie that the Cryme of Ingratitude fculd he laid to my Chairge he your Heines, and the rather that 7 perceave the fam to have froceided of finijter Informatioun of thame, quhois Parte it was not fo to have reported, if trerx Service hygane had lein regairded. And as tuitching the Repentance, and Declaratioun of the fam he certane EffeHis, that your Majeftie dejyris I fcha'x, my Confcience perfwadis me in thir Proceidings to have done nothing againji God, nor the dewtiefull Obedience towardis your Heines, and the ^einis Grace my Soverane, utherwayis it (ould have hein to repent, and alfo amended according to your Majefties Ejis and Jpoliles, hes reproved hefoir tf.\tme. Helias did perfovalUe reprove Ahab aud Jcfabell of Liolatrie, of Avarice^ of Marther and ficldyk : Efais the Prrpheit callit the Magiftrates of Jerufalcm, /;/ his Tyme Cnwpaniounis to Thrjis, Princes 0/ Sodom, Bryhakers, and Murtkeraris- he com- plainit that thair Silver -was turnit unto Dros^ that thair IVyne zcas mingled with fVater, and that Juftice was bocht and (auld. Jercmias faid. That the Bones of King Jehoiakim jould widder with the Sone. Chrift Jefus callit Herode a Fox and Paull callit the hie Preiti ane painted JVall, aud prayed unto God that he fould firaik him, hecaus againft Juftice he caufit him to le fmittin. Now if the lyk or gritter Corruptiouuis be in the fVarld this Day, quha dar interpryis to put Sylence to the Spirit of God, quhilk mil not be fubjeil to the Appelytis of "juicked Pi in'- ces. We have befoir (aid, that the tent Day of September was apointit for a Con- ventioun to be haldin at Stirling, to the quhilk repairit the maift Parte of the Lordis of the Congregatioun, At that (am Tyme arryvit the Erie of Aran quho,efter that he had faluted his Father,came, with the Erie of Argyll and Lord James, to Stirling to the (aid Conventioun, in the quhilk divers godlie Men complainit upoun the Tyrranie ufit againd thair Brethrein, and cfpecillie that ma FrencheMen war brocht in, to oppres thair Cuntrey. Eftcr the Con(uI- tatioun of certane Dayis, the principall Lordis, with my Lord of Arane and the Erie of Argyll, pafl to Haumiltoun, for Confulcatioun to be taikin with my Lord Duikis Grace. And in this mein Tyme came the fuir Word that the Frenche Men wer begun to fortifie Leyth, quhilk Thing, as it did more evidentlie didover the Queinis Craft, (b did it deiplie greve Hairts of the haill Nobilitie thair, quha with an Confent aggreed to wryt to the Quein in Forme as foUowis, At //atf;«/7/o«K the 1 9th Day of September 1//9. 'fleis your GracCy 11/^ ar crediblie informed, that your Armie of Frenche Men fould inftantlie be- '^f gin to plant in Leyth, to fortifie the fam, of Mynd to expell the ancient In. hahitantis thatrof, our Brethrein of the Congregatwun, quhairof we mervell not a htle, that your Grace fould fa manifeftlie hrek the Apointment maid at Lyeth, ^w/ ony Provocatioim maid be us and our Brethrein : And feing the fam is done without ony Miner of Confent of the Nobilitie and Counfaill of this Realme ue efteim the fam not onelie Opreffwun of our puir Brethrein, Inuwellers of ihe faid Toun, bot alfo lerie prejudicial to the Comoun-welthe, and plain contrarie to our ancient Lawis and Liberties : Heirfoir defyris your Grace, to caus the famyn Work iaterpryfit, tobe ftayit; and not to attemp fo rafchelie and mampeftlie againis your Grace's Prcmeis, againis the Cemoun-walthe, the ancient Lawis and Liberties thair- of ( quhilk Thingis befyid the Clone of God ar moft deir and tender unto us and onlie our Pretence ) utherwayis, affuiring your Grace we wrll complain to the* haill Nobilitie and Comonaltte of this Realme, and maift erneftlie feik for Redres thairof. And thus recomending our humbill Service unto your Hienefs, your Anfwer maift erneftlie we defy re, quhom we comit to the eternell Proteilioun of God. At Hau- miltoun, Lay andYeir foirfaid^ be your Grace's humbill and obedient Servitors &c U " This j-jQ The Hi/iorie of the Refcrmatioun Lib IL This Letter was (ubfcryvit with the Hands of my Lord Duke, the Erles of Arrane Arg'fU^ Glenca'trne and Menteithe, by the Lordis Ruthveii^ Uchlltrie^ Boyd, and by divers utheris Barronis and Gentilmen. To rhis Requeift fche wald not anfwer by Writ, bot, with a Letter of Credite, fche fent Sir Robert Carnegie, and Mr. Dav'tA Borthwick, two, quhome aniongis monie utheris, fche abufit, and by quhome fche corruptit the Hairts of the fempill ; they travell t w irh the Duk to bring him agane to the Queinis Faftioun. La Broche and the Bifchope of Amians war (chortlie befoir arryved, and, as it was bruitted, war direciit as Ambafladours, bot thay keipt clois thair haill ComiflTioun : They onlie maid larg Promes to thame that wald be thairis, and leive the Congregatioun. The Quein did greavouflie complain, that we had Intelligence with Ingland. The Conclufioun of thair ComifTioun was to follft my Lord Duik, to put all in the Queinis Will, and than wald fche be gracious ynouche. It was an- fwerit, Th.it no honeft Men durfi comitt thamefelfis to the Mercie of fuche Cut. throatlis, as fche had about hir, quhome grf Jche wald remove, and joyne to hir a Counfiill of natural! Scottis Men, permitting the Rehgioun to have frie Pajfage^ than fould vane in Scotland be mair ■willing tojerve hir Grace, then fuld the Lordis and Brethrein of the Congregatioun he. At the fam Tyme, the Duikis Grace and the Lordis wrote to my Lord Erfkin Captain of the Caftell of Edinburghe, in Forme as foUowis. A Letter to the Lord Erfkine. -J My Lord and Coufwg, £Fter our hairtie Comendattoun, this prefent is to adverteis yow, that we at credibillie informed, the Army of Frenche Men con/iantlie in this Realme, lot ony Advys of the Counfaill or Nobilitie, ar fortifeand, or elje fchortUe intends to fortifie the loan of Leyth, and expell the ancient Inhabitants thairof; quhaitby they proclame to all that will oppin their Earis to heir, or Eyis to fie, quhat is thair Pretence : And feing the Faythfulnes of our Anticefjours, and fpeciallie of your Fa- ther, cf honorabill Memorie,was farecommendit and experimented to the Eiiaitis and Counfaill of this Realme, throuch Affe^wun they perceaved in him towardis tj^e Comom-wehhe thairof, that they doiitit not to gif m his Keiping the Key ( as f war) of the Counfaill, the Juftice, and Pollicie of this Realme, the Cafteliis of Edinburghe and Stirling ; we cannot hot heleve ye will rather augment the honora- hill Favour of your Hous, be fteidfaft Favour and Lautie to your Comoun-welthe, then throuch the fitbtill Perjuafioun of fum ( quhilk cairis not quhat efter fall cum of yow and your Hous, at the prefent wald abuis yow, to the Performance of thair wickit Interpryis and Pretends againis our Comoun welt he ) utteilie dejiroy the fam: And heirfoir, feing we have writ tin to the ^einis Grace, to defift fra that Interpryis, utherwayis that we will complain, to the Nobilitie and Comounalitie of the Realme, and feik Redres thairof; we lyikwayis befeik yow, as our tender Freind Brother, and a Member of the fam Comoun-welthe with us, that ye one tui Wayis mell nor affent to that ungodlie Interpryis againis the Comoun-welthe; and lyk- way is, that ye wald fave your Bodie, and the Jewellis of this Contrey, comitt it to yow and your Prediceffours, Lautie and Ftdelitie towardis your native Cuntrey, and Comoun-welthe, if ye think to be reput heir efter ane ef the fame, and wald rather he Brother to us nor to Strangers j For we gather be the EffeSl'is the Se- V cre'its L I B. II. of Religioim in Scotland. I 7 1 creits of Menis Hairts, uthtrwayis niifcearckcahll unto us. Thu vie wryte not that we ar in dout of yo-'ju, hot rather to wartte yow of the Danger^ in cats ye thoill jourfelf to he imkantit -with fair Promeifes and craft le Counfuilleris. For lat m Man fatter him f elf; we defyre all may knatu^ that thocht ye war our Father {fen God hes opimt our Eyis to fie his JVill ) behe*Enemie to the Comoun welthe quhilk m-jo is a(Jailyeit, and -jie with it, and all trew Memberis thairof^ he fall be krta'Join ( and as he is indeid ) Enemie to us, to our Lyves, cur Houfes, Babis Heritages, and qnhatforStr is containit --mhin the fam. For as the Schip perifch- ing, quhat can be fatf that is within it ? So the Comoimwelth hein^ belravit quhat particular Member can live in ^fietnes ? And thair/oir, in fo far as the faidis Caliellis ar comittittoyourCredite,we defyre yow tojchaw your Faythjulnes and Stoutnes, as ye tender us, and quhatfoevir aperteinis to us ; and feing we ar afurit, ye will be afl'ailyeit bothe with Craft and Force • as now be warning we help yam againis the fir ft, fo againft the lafi ye fall not mis, in allpofibill Haiji, to have our Afjiftance ; onely fchaw yourfelf the Man. Save your Ferfone by fVifdome firemhen yourfelf againis Force, and the Almychtie God affit yow in bothe the ane and the uther, and oppin your Eyis, under ft andnig, to fie and perceave the Craft of Sathan and his Suppoiftis. At Haumiltoun, //^e igtb of September i/jp. Be your Brethrein, the Duke, &c. The Duke and Lordis underftanding, that the Fortificatioun of Leythe pro- ceidethe, apointit rhair haill Forces to convein at Stirling the ijth Day of October, that from thence they micht merche fordward to Edinburghe, for Re- dres of the grit Enormities, quhilk the Frenche Men did to the haill Cuntrey quhilk be thame was opprefiit, that the Lyf of all honelt Men was bitter un- to him. In this mein Tyme, the Lordis direft thair Letters to divers Partis of the Cuntrey, makand mentioun quhat Danger did hing over all Men, if tlie Frenche Men fuld be futfered to plant in this Cuntrey at thair Flefour. They maid Mentioun farder, how humillie they had focht the Quein Regent, that {che wald fend away to France hir Frenche Men, quha war a Burding unpro- fitable and greavous to thair Comoun-welthe : And how that fche notwith- ftanding did dayly augment hir Number, bringing Wyfis and Bairnis, a Deck- ratioun of a plain Conqueift, &c. The Quein then Regent perceaving, that hir Craft began to be efpyed, by all Meanis pofTibill travellit to blind the Pepill. And firft, fche fent fiirth hir peftilent Poiflis foirnamed, in all Partes of the Countrey, to perfuaid all Men, that fche offerit all Thingis reflbnabill to the Congregatioun • and that thay re- fuifing all Refbun, pretendit no Religioun, bot a plain Revolt from the Au- thority. She temptit everie Man in particular, allwerll thois that war of the Conp'/egatioun, as thofe that war Newtrallis. Sche aflaultit everie Man, as fche tholcht maifl eafelie he micht have bein overcum. To the Lord Ruthjen^ fche fent the Jufiice Clerk and his Wyif, quha was Dochter to the Wyt of the faid Lord. Quhat was thair ComifTioun and Credit isna farder knawin, tli"'n the faid Lord hes confefTit, quhilk is, that lairge Promeifes of Profeit V .r oFi^rir, gif that he wald leive the Congregatioun, and be the Q'lein's. T.-' Lord '^ames Prior of Sar\ft Androis was fent Mr. Johns Spent of Condie, with a Letter and Credit, as foUowis. ♦'"'^ U u ^ The 172 TJoe Hi/I or ie of the Re/crmatioun Lib IP, The Memoriall to Mr. Johne Spins of Condie^ the 30th Day oi September,- rE full fay, That the feints Grace^s Favour ^ whiche is tomirdis you, movis hir to this, &c. ' That fche 'well kmwis, that the Occafioun of your Depart ur frame hir was the Favour of the JVord and of the Religioun, with the quhilk, albeit that fche was ojjend~ ed yit knawing your Hairt, and the Hairtf of the uther Lords firmlie fixed thareupoun, fche will bear with you in that Behalf, and at your awin Sichts fche will fet jordward that Caus at hir Power, as may Hand with Gods Word, the comoun PolUde of this Realme, and the Princes Honour. Note, gude Reader, quhat Venome lurked heir ; for plane it is, that the Pollicie quhilk fche pre- tendethe, and the Princes Honour, will nevir fuffer Chrilt Jefus to rlgne in this Realme. 'To fay, T'hat the Occafioun of the affemUing of thefe Men of Weir, and forti- fying of Leyth, is. That it was gevin hir to iinderftand be fum about hir, that it is not the Advancement of the Word and Religioun quhilk is focht at this 7yme hot rather a Pretence to overthrow, or alter the Anthorily 0'^ your Sifter, of the quhilk fche heleves ftill that ye ar not participant; and confidering the Tender- ties that is betwix you and your Sifter, fche truftis moir in you in that Behalf than in ony leving. Bur befoir the Erie of Arrane arryved, and that the Duck departed from hir Faclioun, fche ceafed not continuallie to cry, that the Pry- our focht to mak himfelf King, and fa not only to depryve his Sifter to mak himfelf King, hot alfo to defraud the Lordis Duckis Grace and his Houfe j bot forfeing an Storme, fche begane to feik ane new Wynd. Sche farder willed to offer the away fending of the Men of Weir, if the fot' mer Sujpicioun culd be removed. Sche lamented the Trulle that appeired to f-olm low if ^l^^ Mater fould lang ftand in Debait. Sche promeifit hir faythfull Labours for Reconcil'atioun, and required the fam of him, requyring farther Fa^th, Fa- vour, and Kyndnes towardis his Sifter, and to adverteis for his Parte quhat he defyred, with Promeis, that he micht obtein quhat he pleifis to defire, &c. To this Letter and Credite the faid Lord James anfwered as followes. uxs Pleis yourGrace^ ';* /Have receaved your Heines Wrytting, and have hard the Credite of the Bearer; and finding the Befines of fuche Importance, that dangerous it war to give haftilie Anfwer ; and alfo your Petttiounis ar fuche, that with my Honour I can not an- fwer thame privatelie by myfelf, I have thocht gude to delay the fame till that t may have the Jugement of the haill Counfaill: For this Poynt I will not conceill from your Grace, that amongis us thare is is ane folempnyt Ayth, 1 hat nane of ut fall traffiquewith your Grace fecretlie ; nether yit that any of us fall mak an A'fres for hmfeif parftcularlie ; quhilk Oath, for my Parte, I purpois to keip inviolate J un- to the Bid : But quhen the reft of the Nobillmen fall convene, I fall hi've nothing that lyis in my Power undone, that may mak for the ^aetnef of this pme Re- alme, provydm^ that the Glorie of Chrift Jefus he not hindered be our Concord. And if your Grace fall be found fo trallahill, as now ye offer, / dout not to ob4 tein or the reft of my Brethrein fuche Favours towardis your Service as your Grace [all have juft Occafioun to ftand content: For God I tak to recorde, that in this A^ioun IB II. of Rcl'igiounin Scotland. 173 Afitoim I have nethc foJ:t, nor yit Jeiks ony'Tthi^ els than Gods Glorre lo wcres^ and the Libertie of tbis pure Readme to be maiitened. Furder, I have fchimm to your Meffviger quk.it Thwgts have miUyked me w your Proceidiiigs^ evin from fuch a Hatrt as I ixaU •wifcbe to God you and all Men fuld knaijj. Aid this viith ban- tie Comendatioun of Seriice to your Crace^ I hairtilie comit your Hemes to the E- ternall Proteilioun of the Omnipotent. Ac Sanft Androis, the firft of October. Sic (ubfcribitur, Tour Graces moft humbill and obedient Serviture, JAMES STEWART. This Anfwer receaved, fche raged as Hypocrifie uferh quhen it is pricked ; and perceaving that fche culd not work quhat fche wald at the Handis of Men particularhe, fche fet furthe a Prcclamatioun univeriallie to be prodamed, in the Tenour as followes. FOrfamekill as it is underftude to the Queinis Grace, That the Duck of Chatteilierault hes laitlie direftcd his Miflives in all Partes of this Re- gime, making Mentioun, that rhe Frenchemen laitly arryved with thair Wyfis and Bairnes, ar begune to plant in Leytb^ to the Ruyne of the Comoun-welth, quhilk he and his Partaikers will not pas over with patient behalding, defyr- ing to knaw quhat will be every Mans Parte ; and that the Fortificatioun of Leytb is a Purpofe devyfit in France^ and that tharefor Monfieur de hi Brocbe^ and the Bifchope of Amianis ar cum into this Cuntrey ; ane Thing Co vane and untrew, that the contrarie thareof is notour to all Men of fre Jugement : Thare- for hir Grace willing, that the Occafioun quhareby hir Grace was moved Co to do, be maid patent, and quhat hes bene hir Proceidings fen the Appoint- ment laft maid in the Linkis befyd Leytb^ to the Effect that the Treuthe of all Thingis may be maid manifeft, every Man may underftand how injuflly that will be to (uppres the Libertie of this Realme, is layd to hir Charge, hesthochc expedient to mak this Diicourfe following. Firft.^ Althoucht efter the faid Apointment, divers of the faid Congregati- oun, and that not of the meaneft Sort, had violentlie contravened the Points thareof, and had maid fundrie Occafiouns of new Cummer, the famyn was in a Parte winked at and over-luiked, in hope that they with Tyme wald re- member thair Dewtie, and abftein fra fick evill Behaviours, quhilk Converfi- oun hir Grace evir focht, rather than ony Punifchement, with fick Cair and Solicitude be all Means, quhill in the mean Tyme nothing was provyded for hir awin Securitie ; bot at laft be thair frequent Medages to and fra higland, thair Intelligence was then perfaved : Yit hir Grace truftis the Quene of htg' land (lat thame fiek as they pleis) will do the Office of a Chriftiane Princes in Tyme of ane fworne Peace, throw quhilk Force was to hir Grace, feand Co grit Deteftioun of grit Perfonages, to have Recourfe to the Law of Nature; and lyk as ane fmall Bird being pefewed, will provyd fum Neft, Co hir Grace culd do les in cais of Perfuit, than to provyd fum fure Retreate for hirfelf and hir Cumpanie ; and to that Effeft chufit the Toun oC Leytb ^ as Place convenient tharefor, becaus it was firft hir deareft Dochters Property, and no uther Per- (bne culd claim Tytle or Entres thareto ; and alfo becaus ane Tyme befor it had X X bene 174 ^'■^^■'^ Hi/lor ie of the Reformat iotm Lib. II. r - -- ■ — - - — - - ■ ■ ■ ^ bene fortified. About the fam Tyme that we (eiking Support cf'ngland was maid mnnifeft, arryved the Erie of Arrane^ and adjoyned himfelf to the Congregati- oun upoun farder Promeis than the pretended Quarrell of Religioun, that was to be (et up by thame in Authoritie, and ia to pervert the haill Obedience. And as fum of the Congregatioun at that Tyme had put to thair Handis, and takin the Caftell of Brockie, and put furthe the Reipars thareof: Immediatly came from the (aid Duck to hir Grace, unluiked for, a Wrytting, befyde mnny uther Thingis, complainand of the Fortificatioun of the ftids Toun of Leyth in Hurt of the auld Inhabitants thareof, Brethrein to the faid Congrega- tioun quhareof he then profeflit himfelf ane Member j and albeit that the Beirer of the faid Wrytting was ane unmeit Meflinger, in ane Matter of fick Consequence, yit hir Grace directed to him two Perfones of gude Credite and Reputatioun with Anfwer, offerand, if he wald caus Amendes be maid for that whiche was comiited aganft the Lawis of the Realme, to do farder than culd be craved of RelToun, and to that Effefi to draw fum Conference, quhilk for hke of him and his Collegis, tuck no End : Not the les they continewallie fenfyne continews in thair Doingis, ufurping the Authoritie, comanding and chairging fre Borrowis to chois Provefts, and Officiars of thair naming, and to affift tha'me fn the Porpofe they wald be at ; and that they will not fuffer Pro- vifioun to be brocht for Suftentatioun of hir Graces Hous. And grit Parte fa planelie hes fet afyde all Reverence and Humanitie, quhareby evary Man may knaw, that it is no Matter of Religioun, but ane plane ufurping of the Autho- rities and na dout bot fimple Men, of gude Zeill in Tyme bygane, tharewith fahelie hes bene delTaved ; bot as to theQueins Gravies Parte,God quha knaws the Secrettis of all Hairts,weill kenis,and the Warld fall fie by Experience, that the Fortificatioun of Leyrh was devyfTit for na uther Purpofe bot for Recoors to hir Heines and hir Cumpanie, in cafe they war perfewed : Quharefbr, all gude Suhje6tis,that have the Feir of God in thair Hairts,will not fufFer thamefelfis bfe fick vane Perfwafiouns to be led away from thair dew Obedience, bor will afTifl in Defence of thair Soveranes Quarrell, aganft all fick as will perfew the fam wrangouflie: Tharefor hir Grace ordains the Officiars of Armes to pas to the Mercat-croces of all Held Borrowes of this Realme, and thare be oppen Pro- chmatioun, to comand and charge all and fundrie the Lieges thareof, that time of thame tak upoun Hand to put thamefelfis in Armes, nor tak Parte with: tM^^ faid Duck or his AfTiftaris, under the Pain of Treflbun. Thefe Letters being divulgate, the Hairts of mony war ftirred ; for they juged the Narratioun of the Quein Regent to have bene trew ; uthefis underflude the fame to be utterlie fals. Bur becaus the Lordis defyred all Men juge in thair Caus, they fet out this Declaratioun fubfequent, &:. The DECLARATIOUN of the Lordis again s the former ProclafnOtUufi^ WE ar compellit unwillinglie to anfwer the greavous Accufatiounis moft unjuf^lie laid to our Chairgis by the Quein Regent and hJf perverfl Counfaill,^ quha ceis not be all Craft and Malice to mak ts «xiius to tvt deifefl Brethrein, naturall Scottifmen^ as that we preteridit na uther Thing bot fhe Subverfioun aiid Overthraw of all juft Authoritie, qtfhen God knawis that we thoicht nothing bot that fuche Authoritie, as God approved be his Word, be eilablifched, hoiwurit and obeyii among u$, Trew it is that we ' -- have Lib. II. of Re ligiotm m Scothnd. 175 have complainir (and continewallie mulft complain, nil God fend Redres)' that our comoun Cunrrey is opprefTit with Strangcaris, that this inbrineinc of Souldioursjwith thair Wyfis and Childrein,and planting of Men ot Weir in our frie Tounis, appeircd to us a reddic Way toConqueiftj and we moft earne- ftlie require all inJiffcrenr Perfonis to judge betwix us and the Quein Regent in this Cais, to v.it^ quhiddcr our Complaint be juft or not ? For, for quhat uther Purpois ibid Iche this multiplie Strangers upon us, bot onelie' in relpeft ot Conqueift : Quhilk is a Thing not of lait devyfit by hir and hir avari- tious Hous. We ar not ignorant, that fex Yeirs ago, the Queliioun was de- mandit of a Man of honeft Rcputatioun, quhat Number ofMen was abill to dantoun ScothvtJ, and bring it to the full Obedience of France? Sche alleeit That to fay that the Fortificatioun of Leyth was a Purpois devyfit in France and that for that Purpois was Monfieur de la Broch, and the Bifchope of yfl nmins fent to this Cuntrey, is a Thing^ fo vain and untrew, that the contrarie thairof is notour to all Men of frie Jugement. Bot evident it is, quhatfo- evir fche aliedgis, That fince thair Arrjvall, Leythe was begun to' be forti. feit. Sche allegis, That fche feing the Defeftioun of grit Perfona«-es was compellit to have Recours to the Law of Nature, and, lyk ane fn^all' Bird perfewed, to provyde for fum fuir Retreat to hirfelf and hir Cumpanie Bot quhy dois fche not anfwer for what Purpois did fche bring in hir newBand^s of Men of Weir? Was thair ony Defeaioun efpyit befoir thair Arryvall ? Was not the Congregatioun under Apointment with hir ? Quhilk quhatfoevir fche allegit, fche is not abill to prove that we had contraveinit in ony cheif Point befoir that hir new Throit-cutteris arryvit, yea, befoir that they began to for! tiiie Leytl;, a Plaice, faid fche, moft convenient for hir Purpois, as in verie Deid it is, for the relTaving of Strangers at hir Plefour: For if fche had fejred the Perfuit of hir Body, fche had the Inch, Ditnbar, Blahies, Fortis and Strenthis alreddie made, yea but thefe culd not ferve hir Turne lb weiJi as Letthe, becaus it was hir Dochters Propertie, and none uther culd have Tytiil to It, and be cats it had bene fortyfied oft befoir. That all Men may khaw the juf^ Tytiil hir Dochter and fche had to the Toun of Leyth we fall in few Words declayre the Treuthe. It is not unknawin to the m'oft Part of this Realme, that thare hes bene ane auld Hatrent and Contentioun be- ^^i^ru"*'"'^^ ^"^ ^'^'^' '■> ^'"^"'■ ■■ , J '' ' • without Conient of the Nobility and Eftaitis of the Realme, as now fche and bir crafty Counfaill do in defpyit and hie Contempt of us the lav^^full Heirs arid borne Counfaillers of this Realme. ,3 ,, ij^^,, How far we have focht Supporte of Inglanct, or of ony uther Prince,) and how juft Caus we had, and have lb to do, we fall fchortely mak manifeft unto the Warld, to the Prays of God's holie Name, and to the Confufioun of all thos that flander us tor fo doing : For this we feir not to confes, that as in this our Interpryis againft the Devill, Idolatry, and the Mantein- ance of the (amyn, we cheifly and onely feik God's Glorie to be notyfeit un- to Men, Sine to be puniiched, and Vertew to be manteined : So quhare Power faillethe of our felfis we will feik it, quharefoevir God (all oifer the" fame, and yit in (0 doing, we ar afTured, nether to offend God, nether yit to do ony Thing repugnand to our Dewties. We hairtly prays God quho movet the Hiirt of the Erie of Arane to joyne himfelf with us his perfecuted Bre- threin. Bot how malicious a Lie it is, that we have promeifed to fet him up in Authority, the Ifchew fall declair. God we tak to Recorde, that no fuche Thing hes to this Day entered in our Hairts, neyther yit he«, he the faidErle, neyther ony to him aperteining moved to us ony fick Matter, quhilk, if they fould do, yit ar we not fa Iclender of Jugement, that inconfidderatly we wald promeis that, quhilk efter we micht repent ; we fpeik and wryte to the Prayis of God's Glory, the leifl of us knawis better quhat Obedience is dew unto a lawfuU Authority, then fche or hir Counfaill doethe prafteis the Office of fuche as worthely may fit upoun the Sait of Juflice, for we offer and we performe all Obedience quhilk God had comandit, for we neyther deny Tolle, Tribute, Honour, nor Feir to hir and hir Officers; we onely brydill hir blind Rage, in the quhilk fche wald ereft and mantein Idolatrie, and wald murther our Brethrein quho refuis the fame. Bot fche doethe utterly abuis the Authority eflablifched be God, fche prophanes the Throne of his Majef^y in Earthe, making the Sait of Juftice, quhilk aught be the Sanftuary and Refuge of all godly and verteus Perfbnis injuftly afflifted, to be a Den and Receptacle to Thevis, Murthereris, Idolateris, Whormungers, Adulter- eris, and of Blafphemeris of God, and all Godlines. This is more then evi- dent quhat Men they ar, and lang have bene, quhome fche be hir Power manteanis and defendis ; and alfb what hes bein our Converfatioun, fiuce it hes pleifed God to call us to his Rnawlege, quhome now in hir Furie fche cruelly perfecutis. We deny not the taking of the Hous of Brockie^ and the the Caus being confidderat, we think that no naturall Scottifman will be of- fended at our Faft. Quhen the afTured Rnawlege come to us that the For- tificatioun of Leyth was begun, every Man begun to inquire, quhat Danger micht infew to the reft of the Realme, if the Frenche fiild plant in divers Partis, and quhat wer the Places that micht niofl noy us. In Condufioun it was found. That the taikin of the faid Hous be Frenchemetiy fiild be Diftruc- tioun to Dnndte^ and hurtfull to Sanft Johneftoun, and to the haill Cuntrey ; and tharefoir it was thocht expedient to prevent the Danger, as that we did, for Prefervatioun of our Brethrein and comoun Cuntrey. It is not unknawn quhat Enemies thofe two Tounis have, and how glaidly wald fum have all gude Order and Policy overthrawn in thame. The Conjefturis that the Frenche war of Mynd fchortly to have taken the fame Place, wer not obfcure: Bot quhatibevir they pretended we cannot repent, that we, as faid is, have prevented the Danger i and wald to God that our Power had bene in the fame Man« Lib. 11. of Riligiotm in Scothnd. 177 Manner to have foirdoifed thare Entres to the Toun of Leyth : For quhat Truhill this puir Realme fall indure before that thay Murtherers and injuft Pofieflburs be removed from the fame, the Ifchew will declair. Gif thir Accufatiounis ag;ainft my Lord Duckis Grace, and that we refuifed Confe- rence, be trewlie and fimplie fpokin, we will not refuis the Jugement of thefe verie Men, quhom fche allegit to be of fo honeft Reputatioun. They knaw that the Duckis Grace did anfwer, That if the Realme micht be fct at Libertie, from the Bondage of thele Men of Weir, quhilk prefentlie did op- prefs it, and was fo feirfull to him, and to his Brethrein, that they war com- pellit to abfent thamefelfis from the Places quhare fche and they maid Refi- dence, that he and all the Congregatioun fuld cum and gif all detfuil Obe- dience to our Soverane hir Dochter, and to hir Grace, as Regent for the Tyme : Bot to enter in Conference fo lang as fche kepit above him and his Brethrein, that feirhjl fcurge of cruell Strangearis, he thocht no wyfs Man ivald counftill him. And this Anfwer we approve, adding farther, That fche can tnak us no Prome'ts^ quhilk fche can keip^ nor wf can credite^ fo lang as fche is forced ixith the French emen, and reullit with be the Counfaill 0/ France. fVe at not ignorant that Princes think it gude Pollicie to betray thair Subjects by hr eking of Promei-f be thay nevir fo folempnitlie maid. "We have not forgottin quhat Counfaill fche and Monfleur ct Ofell gave to the Duke, againf^ thofe that flew the Cardinall, and keipt the Caftell of Sanft Androis^ and it was this, That quhat Fromeis they lif^ to require fuld be maid unto theme bot how fbne the Caftell was randered, and Thinges brocht to fuch Pas as was expedient, that he fould chope the Heides from every one of thame. To the quhilk, quhen the Duke anfwerit, 'That he wald nevir confent to fo treffonabill ane AH^ bot if he promeifit Fidelitie^he wald faythfulliekeip it. MelTieur d' 0- fell faid in Mockage to the Quein in Frenche, That is a gude fimple Nature fcot I knaw no uther Prince that wald fb do. Gif this was his Jugement in fa imall a Matter, quhat have we to fufpeft in this our Causj for now the Que- ftioun is not of the Slauchter of ane Cardinall, bot of the jufl abolifching of all that Tyrranie, quhilk that Romane Antichrifl hes ufurped above us, of the SupprefTing of Idolatry, and of the Reformatioun of the haill Religioun, by that Venning of Schavelingis utterly corrupted. Now if the Slauchter of a Cardinall be a Sine irremtffable^ as they thamefelfis affirme j and if Fayth aucht not to be I 'ot with Heretykes, as thair awin Law fpeks, quhat Fro- meis can fche, that is reulled by the Counfaill and Comandment of a Cardi- nall, mak to us, that can be fure } Quhair fche accufis us, that we ufurpe the Authority to comand, and chairge frie Burghis to chufe Proveifl and Oifi. cieris Of our nameing, &c. we will that the haill Burghis o{ Scotland tefty. fie in that Cais, quhider that we have ufTit ony Kynd Of Violence, bot loving- lie exhortit fick as afkit Supporte, to chufe fuche in Office, as had the Feir of God befoir thair Eyis, lovit Equity and Juflice, and wer not noted with A- irarice and Brybing. Bot Wonder it is, with quhat Faice fche can accuis us of that quhairot we ar innocent, and fche fb opinly criminall, that the haill Realme knawis hir Iniquitie. In that Cais hes fche not compelled the Tdun of Edinhurghey to retein a Man to be thair Proveift mofl unworthie of ony Regi. ment, in a weill reulled Comoun-welthe ? Hes fche not infbrced thsme tp tak Bailyes of hir Apointment, and fum of thame fb meit for their Office in this trublefum Tyme, as a Souter is to f^e»r a Schip in a f!ormie Day ? Sche complainiSjThat we will not fufifer Provifioun to be maid for hirHous. In verie V y deid 178 The Htjlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. IL deid we repent unfaynedlie, that befoir this we tuk not better Ordour, that thefe Murthereris and Opprefuris, quhom fche pretends to nureifh ( for our Dif- ftruftioun ) had not bein difapointed of that grit Provifioun of Victuellis, quhilk fche and they have gatherit, to the grit Hurt of the haill Cuntrey. Bot as God fall afljft us in Tymes cuming, we fall do Deligence fumquhat to fru- ftrate their devilifche Purpois. Quhat bothe fche and we pretendis, we dout not bot God ( quha cannot {uffer the Abuis of his awin Name lang to be un- punifched ) fall one Day declare ; and unto him we feir not to comitt our Caus nether yit feir we in this prefent to (ay, that againft us fche makis a moft malicious Ley, quhare fche fays, That it is no Religioun that we go about, but a plain Ufurpatioun of the Authority. God forbid that fuche Impietie fould enter in our Hairts, that we fuld mak his holie Religioun a Cloik and Cover* tour of our Iniquitie. From the Beginning of this Contraverfie, it is evidentlie knawn quhat have bene our Requeil^es, quhilk if the reft of the Nobility and Comunaltie of Scotland will caus to be performed unto us, gif then in us appears ony Sygneof Rebellioun, lat us be reputed and punifched asTraytours. But quhill Strangearsar brocht in to fuppres us, our Comoun-welrhe and Polte- rites • quhill Idolatry is manteined, and Chrift Jefus his trew Religioun de- fpyfed ; quhille idill Bellies and bludie Tyrrantes, the Bifchopis, ar manteined, and Chrifl's trew Meflingers perfecuted; quhill finally, Vertew is condempned and Vice extolled ; quhill that we, a grit Parte of the Nobility and Comunal- tie of this Realme, ar mcft unjuftly perfecuted ; quhat godly Man fill be offen- ded that we fall feek Reformatioun of thefe Enormiteis ; yea, even be Force of Armes, feing it is utherwayes denyed unto us ? We are affured, that ne- ther God, neither Nature, nether ony jufi: Law forbides us.. God hesmaid us Counfellors by Birth of this Realme, Nature byndes us to love our awia Cuntrey, and jufl Law comands to fupport our Brethren injuftly perfecuted ; yea, the Aythe that we have maid, to be trew to this Comoun-welthe, com- pelles us to hazard quhatfbever God hes geven us, befoir that we fie the mi- ferable Ruyne of the fame. Gif ony think, that it is not Religioun, quhilk we now feik ; we anfwer, that it is nothing ellis, bot the Zeall of the trew Religioun, quhilk moves us to this Interpryfe: For as the Enemies do crafte- lie forefie, that Idolatry cannot be univerfally manteined, unles that we be utterly fupprefled ; fb do we confidder, that the trew Religioun ( the Purity quhairof we onely require^ cannot univerfally be erefted, unlefs Strangears be removed, and this pure Realme purged of thefe Peftilences, quhilk before hathe infefted it : And tharefore, in the Name of the Eternell God, and of his Sone Jefus Chrift, quhas Caus we fufteane, we requyre all our Brethren, naturall Scottis Men, prudently to confidder our Requef^es, and with Juge- ment to decerne betwix us and the Queen Regent and her Faftioun, and not to fuffer thamefelves to be abufit by hir Crafteand Deceate, that ether they fall lift thair Weapones againft us thair Brethren, quho feik nothing bot God's Glory, ether yit that they abftraft from us thairjuft and debtfull Support,feing that we ha- fard our Ly ves for the Prefervatioun of thame and us, and of Poflerity to cum, affuring fick as fall declare thamefelves Favourares of hir Fa^/Trt;/c, the Lord Jiiiiie\thti Mailier of Max-xell^ with the mailt Parte of the Horfmen, tuk Purpois to purfew the (aid Erie Botb'joelly gif they micht appehend him in Creicbtouu or Moikame^ quhitherto (as they war infjrmed ) he had rereired him(elt etter his trelTonible Fat^e, we call his Faft trellbnable, becaus that thre Days be- foir he had fent his fpeciall Servant, Mr. Michuil Balfour^ to us to EJmbuigh^ to purches of the Lords of theCounfaill Licence, to cum and fpeik us; quhiik we granted, efter that he had promeifir, that irt this mein Tyme he iLid nether hurt us, nor yit ony to us aperteining, till that he lould wryte his An- fwer agane, quhidder that he wald joyne with us or not. He gave us f.rder to underfland. That he wald difchairge himlelf of the Quein, and tha refter wald afTiftus: And yit in this mein time, hecruellie and triytorouflie hurt and fp'jylled thcNobilman foirfaid. Albeit that the Departure and Counlaill of the Erie oi Anane and Lord Juiines^ with thair Cumpanie tbirfaid, was very ilid- daneand lecreif, yit was the Erie of Both-well^ then being in Creichtom^ ad- verteifit ; and Co efcaiped with the Money, quhiik he tuik with himleif, as the Captane of his Hous, Jolme Somervell (quhiik was taiken without ony iang Ferfuite ) confelTit nd affirmed: Becaus the Nobilmen that fouchf Re- dres, fbcht rather his Saifty and Reconciliation, than Ditlruftioun and Hatred,, they comited his Hous to the Cuftodie of a Captane, to wit, Captane Fuilcfs^- to quhom, and to all the Souldiours chare Idft, was gevin a Icharpe Comand- ment, that all Thingis found within the laid Hous of Creickoun ( quh Ik war put in Inventorie in the Prefens of the Lordis ) Ibuld be keipit, till that the (aid Erie fould gif Anfwer, quhither he wald mak Rettitutioun or not ; Tyme of Adverteifement was grantit unto him the haill Day liibfequent, till the go- ing down of the Sone. In Abtence of the taidis Lordis and Horfmen ( we mein the fame Diy that thay departed, quhiik was the laf^ of OHoher ) the Proveift and Toun of Dundte^ togither with fum Souldiours, paft forth of the Toun of Edinburgh^ and caryit with thame fum grit Ordinance to fchute at Leyth. .The Diik's Grace, the Erie o^ Glen cat me ^ and the reft of the Nobilmen wer gone to the Preicheing, quhare they continewed till neir twell Hours. The Frencbe being adverteifit by ane named Cterk (quha efter was apprehended) that our Horfmen war abfent, and that the haill Cumpany war at Denner, ilcheit, and with grit Expeditioun cam to the Place, quhare our Ordinance was laid. The Toun of Dundie with a few urhers refilled a quhylf, afweill with thair Ordinance as Haqubuttis; but being left of our ungodly and febell Souldiours, quha fled without Straik offered or gevin, they wer com- pelled to gif back, and Co to Live the Ordinance to the Enemies, quho did fiir* ther purfew the Fugitives, to icit, to the Middis of the Cauon;iait^ and to the Fute of Leyth Wynd. Thair Cruelty then began to difcover the (elf; for the decreiped, the aged. Women and Children fand no gritter Faveur ia thair Fury, than did the i^roog Men, quha maid Refifiance. £ b b ll I^o The Htftorie of the Reformatioun Lib- II. It was very apeirand, thar amongis outfelfis thare was Turn TrelToun ; tor quhen, upoun the firft Allarme, all Men maid Haift for Relief of thair Bre- thren, quhom in very deid We micht have faved, or at leift we micht have laved the Ordinance, and have keipt the Canongait from Danger ; for we war aneis marched fordwards with bauld Curage ; hot than, we fay, was a Schout rayfit among ourfelfis ( God will dilclois the Traytours one Day ) aflfirming, ^hat the haill Frenche Cnmpanie war enterit in at Leyth-wynd, ttpoim our Backs. Quhat Clamour and Difbrdour did than fudanely aryis, we lift not to expres, with Mulriplecatioun of Words. The Horfiinen, and fum of thofe that lould have put Ordour to utheris, overode thair pure Brethrein, at the Entres of the Netherhow. The Cry of Difcomfitour arais in the Toun, the Wickit and Malignant blafphemed ; the Febill famongis quhom the Juftice Clerk, Sir Jobne Bjlenrkii was) fled Without Mercie. With grit Difficulty could they be keipic in at the JVefi-port. Mr. Gawane Haumdtoim Abbote of Kiliioymng cryit with a loud Voice, Drink now as ye have browne. The frenche perceaving, be the Clamour of our Fray, foIIowed,as la d is, to the Myddis of the Canongait, to no grit Number, bot a 20 or 30 of thair Infantis/^er^/fj- ; for in that mein Tyme, the reft reteirit thamelelfis with our Ordinarace. The Erie Argyll zrvi his Men war the firft that flopped the flying of our Men, and compelled the Port to be opined, eftei- that it was fchute. Bot in very deid. Lord Robert Stewarty Abbot of HalyruSous, was the firft that ifched out ; efter him followed mo- ny upoun the Backes of the Frenche. At laft cum my Lord Duke, and than was no Man moir frank, than Mr. Gawane HaumJltoim feirlaid. The Frenche brunt a Baikhous, and tuk fbme Spoille from the Pure of the Canongah: They flew a drunken Fapift Freift, named Sir Thomas Sklahter, ane aged Man, a "Woman i:,eving Sucke and hir Child ; and of Souldiours to the Number of ten. Certane war tane, amongis quhom Captane Mowat was ane, and Mr. Charles Geddas^ Servitour to the Mafter of Maxwell. The Captane of the Caftill that Day (chote a Schotat the /vY/^r/J^f, declaring thame thareby Freindes tous,and Enemies to thame, bot he fuddanely repentit of weill-doing. The Quein glaid of Viftory fat upoun the Rampart to falute and welcome hir vifturious Souldiours ; ane brocht a Kirtill, ane uther ane Petticoat, a third a Pot or Pan; and of Envy more than womanly Lauchter, fche afkit, ^tharr hucht ye your PFair ? le penfe que vous Paves achete fans argent ? This was the grit and mo- therly Cair whilk fche tuik for the Trubill of the pure Subjeftes of thisRealme. The Erie Bothwell, lifted up in his awn Conceate, be RefToun of this our Repuls and Difcomfitour, utterly refuifit ony Reftitutioun ; and Co within two Days efter was his Hous fpoylled, in quhilk was nothing of ohy grit Im- portance, his Evidents and certane Clothing excepted. From that Day back, the Curage ot mony was deje61ed ; with grit Difficulty culd Men be retaned within the Toun ; yea, fum of the gritteft Eftimatioun determined with thamefelfis to leive the Interpryis ; mony fled away fecreitly, and fhofe that did abyde fa very few excepted) appeired deftitute of Counfaill and Man- beid. The Maifter of Maxwell., a Man ftout and witty, foirfeing the Danger, moft gravely defyred, ether to tak fuche Ordour, that they micht remain to the Terrour of the Enemy, or cllis that they fould reteir thamefelfis, with thair Or- dinances, and Baners difplayed in Ordour ; bot the Witris of Men being daflied, na Counlaill could prevaill. Thus we continewed from //Wwy^^ry, the laft of Ocfober^ till Mononday, the fifth of November ; never two or thrie abyd- jng firm in one OpinioUh the Sp.lce of twenty four Hours. The pefti'lent Wittes L I B. 1 i . of Rcligioim in Scotland. 1 5? j of the Queinis Tra^eilours did then excrcis thamefelfis ( God fall recompencc thair malicious Craft in thair awn Bolomc, wc dout not) tor they had taufit two godly and fordward young Men, the Lairds of Feimberft and Ceffurde qi:ho ones had glaidly joyned rhameftltis with us, to withdraw thamefelfis and thair Friendis : The lame they did to the Erie of Mortnim^ nuha pro- meifit to be ours, but did never planely joyne. They intyllt the Caprane of the Calkll, todcny usSupporte, in Cais we wer perftwed. And finally, the Counfaill of fum was no Jcs peliiferous aganft us, then was the Counfaill of A~ cbilofell as^^ali David, and his ditcomforred Souldiours. Raiide)., O Lord to the Ji' liked according to thair Malice. Upoun Momnday, the fyft of Novemher^ did the Frenche ilche out of Leyth bctymcs, for keiping of the Viclucliis, quhilk fuid have cum to us; webein^-- truuled amongis ourtelfis, and fas laid is) devyded in Opinioiin, wer nether circumfpect, quhen they did ifche, nether yit did we follow with fick Expedt- tioun, as had bein meate for Men that wald have focht our Advantage ; our Souldiours culd be Icairfly dung out of the Toun. The Erie ot'^lrnure Lord Juiitej, and certane with thame, maid Haift ; mony honell Man than followed, and maid fuche Diligence, that they caufit the Freiuhe once to retyre fumqiihat affraycdly. The rell that war in Leyth^ pcrceaving the Danger of thait Fellows, ifched out for thair Succours. The Erie of Arrjiie, and " Lord James foirfaid, being more fordward nor proudent and circumfpeft, did com- pell the Capfanes,as is alleged, to bring thair Men fo neir,that eyther they muft neids have hafirded Battell with the haill Frencke Men (and that under the Mer- cie of thair Cannones alfbj or ellis they mull ncidis retyre in a very narrow Comer : For our Men wer approched neir to Reftalrig. The one Parte of the F/fw/'f Men wer upoun the North towards the Sey,theuther Part marched from Leyth to Edinbiirghe -^ and yit they marched fua, that we could have fochten ■with nether Cumpanies, befoirthey fould have joyned. We tuk Purpois thare- toir, to retyre towards the Toun, and that with Expeditioun, left that the for- mer Cumpany of the Frenche (buld eyther have invaded the Toun, befoir that we could have cunied to the Refkcw thareof, or ellis have cutted us off from the Entres of the Ahh^y of Kilynidl-oiiSy as appeirandly they had done, gif the Laird of Graiuge and Alexander ^ibyt/aw^ with a few Horfmen, had not ftaycd bothe thair Horfmen and Futemen. The Cumpany that was nixt us perceaving, that we rcteired with Speid, lent forth thair Skirmifcharis, to the Number of thrie or four hundreth, quho tuk us at ane Diladvantage; befoir us having the Myre of Rejialrig betwixt us and thame ; fo that one no Ways we could chairge thame; and we wer indofed be the Park-dyke, fo that in no Ways culd we avoyd thair Schote : Thair Horfmen followed upoun our Taills, and flew divers, our Horfmen overraid our Futemen ; and fo be Reflbun of the Narrownes of the Place, thare was no Refiftance maid. The Erie of ^z-- raue and Lord "James., in grit Danger, lichted among the Futemen, exhrrting thame to have fum Refpe6l to Ordour, and to the Saifty of thair Brethren, whomc, be thair flying, they exponit to Murther, and fo wer criminall of thair Deithe. Captane Alexander Halyhiotoun., a Man that feired God, taryed with certane of his Souldiours behind,and maid Refifiancc, till that he was firft fchote, and then taiken. Bot being knawn, thefe cruell Murtherers woundic him in divers Partis to the Deyth ; and yit, as it war be the Power of God, he was brocht in to the Toun, quhare in few, bor yit maift plain Words, he gave Confeflioun of his Fayth, teftifeing, 'Jkat be douted nothing of God's B b b 2. Murctty 1^2 The Hi/hrie of the Re format kun Lib. 1 1. Mercie^ fur chafed to him he the Elude of Chrift Jefiis^ nether yit that he repented^ that it pleijit God to mak him ixjorthie to fched Fa Ehide^ and [fend his Lyif in the Defence of fo glide a Cam. And thus with Djlour of mony, he ended his Dolour within two Hours efcer the Defate, and did enter, we dout not, in that blifTit Imortality, quhilk abydes all that beleve in Chriit Jefus trewly. Thare was (lain to the Number of 24 or 30 Men, the maift Pare pure. Thare war taiken the Laird of Pitmillie^ the Laird of Fairnie younger, the Malier of Buchan, George Lowell of Ditiidie, and fum utheris of lower Eftaif. Johne Dum- lare Lieutennent to Captane Mowat. Captane David Murray had his Hors flain, and himfelf fchote in the Leg. Few Day is befoir our firft Defate, quhilk was upoun Mhallow-evin, JVil, Ham Maitland of LethiKgtoun younger, Secretair to the Quein, perceaving him- felt not onelie to be (ufpefted, as one that favourit our Parte, bot alio to itand in Danger of his Lyif, gif he (buld remane among fo ungodlie a Cumpanye j tor quhenfbevir Matteris come in Queftioun, he fpairit not to fpeik his Con' (cience, quhilk Libertie of Toung and Gravetie of Jugement the Fremhe did liichelie difdane: Quhilk perceaved be him, he convoyed himfelf away in a Morning, and randerit himfelf to Mr. Kirkcaldie hz'nd of Grange^ quho com- ing to us, did exhort us to Conftancie, afTuring us, that in the Quein thair was nothing bot Craft and Deceait j he travellit exceidinglie to have reteined the Lordis togither, and maift prudentlie layed betoir thair Eyis the Danger that micht enfew thair departing of the Toun, bot Feir and Dolour had fb (eafit the Hairtis of all that they culd admit no Confblatioun, The Erie of Arane und hord James offered to abyid, gifony refTonabill Cumpanye wald abyde with thame ; bot Men did fo fleiii away, that the Wit of Men culd not flay thame, yea, fum of the gritteft determined plainlie that they wald not abyid. The Captain of the Caflell, then Lord Er/kin, wald promeis un^ to us no Favours, bot (aid, He mufl neidis declair himfelf Freind to thois that wer abill to fupporte and defend him. Quhilk Anfwer gevin to the Lord James his Sifter Sone, difcouragit thois that befoir had determined to have biddin the uttermofi, rather than to have abandoned the Toun, fo that the Caftell wald have ftude thair Freind : Bot the contrair declaired, everie Man tuk Purpois for himfelf. The Complaints of the Brethrein within the Toun of Edinburgh was lamentabill and fore : The Wickit than began to fpew out the Vennonie quhilk befoir lurked in thair cankerit Hairtis : The godlie, alfweill thois that wer departit, as the Inhabitantis of the Toun, war fo troubled, that fum of thame wold have preferrit Deyth to Lyif at Godis Pie- four. For avoyding of Danger, it was concludit, That they fuld departe at Midnicht. The Duik maid Provifioun for his Ordinance, and caufit it to be fent befoir, bot the refl was left to the Cair of the Captane of the Cafiell, quha receivit it, alfweill that quhilk perteinit to "Lord James^zs that of Dundie. The defpytfull Toungis of the Wickit raylled upoun us, calling us Traytors and Heretyikis; everie ane provoked uther to cafi Stones at us : One cryit, allace that I micht fie ; an uther, Fy geve Advertei(rnent to the Frenchemen, that thay may cum, and we fall help to cut the Throts of thir Hereryikis. And this, as the Sword of Dolour pafTit throw our Hairts, fo war the Cogitatiounis and former Determinatiounis of mony Hairtis then reveillit : For we wald nevir have belevit that our naturall Countreymen and Wemen could have wifchit our Diltruftioun fo unmercifullie, and have fo rejoyced in our Ad- veffitie, (God move thair Hairts to Repentance) for elhs we feir that he. quhois Lib. II. of Rcligiotm in Scotland. 1513 quhois Caus we iuftein, fall lat thame feill the "Wccht of rhe Yock of cruell Str..ngcars, in quhois Handis they wilchit us to have luin betrayit. We ftuyed not till we come to Strrjcliiig^ quhi!k we did the Dny cfter that we dtpai tit from E^'nibiirgh^ for it was concludit, that thair Confultatioun (buid be taikin, quhat was the nixt Remedie in Co difpcrat a Matter. The nixt IFediiefiiy, quhilk was the 7th of November, Jobne Knox prcichic (Joint JVtllock was departit to Ingland, as befoir he had apointed) and intreat- td the 4th, ;th, 6th, 7th and SthVerficles of the Ixxx Pfalme, quhair Z)jW in the Perlbne of the afflicfted Pcpill of God, fpeiks thus. 4. O thaw the EterneU, the God of Hoi/Us, how lang fall thorji he angr'ie againji the Prayer of thy People. 5. Thow bes fed us •with the Breid of 'tear u and hesgeviii tous Tearis to drink in great Meafitre. 6. Thow kes maid us a Stryif vnto our Nychhurs, and our Enemies laugh us to Scorne among thamefelfis. 7. 0 God of Hoiftis turne us agane, mak thy Face to fchyne, and 'xe fall he faved. 8. Ihow hes brocht a Vine out of Egypte, tbo--M bes caft out the Hea* then and planted it. This Pfalme had the (aid Johne begun in Edinburgh, as it war foirfcing our Calamiteis, quhilk in verie Deid he did not obfcurelie fjieik, bot plainlie did admonifche us, that he was afiured of Trubles fuddanely to cum ■ and tharefoir exhortit all Men to Prayers. He intreated the thre firft Verfcs in Edinburgh, to theComfort ofmony. He declared the Argument of the Pfalme affirming for his Jugement, That it was made be David himfelf, quho in the Spriet of Prophecy foirlaw the miferabill Eflait of God's Pepill, efpecially efter that the Ten Trybis war devydif, and departit from the Obedience of Juda ; For it was not ffaid he J without Caus, that Jofephe, Ephraim, Benjamin and Manaffes war efpecially named, and not Juda, to O/'/Vjbecaus thay cam firft to Calamity, and war tranflated from thare awen Heritance, quhill that Juda, yit poffefTit the Kingdome. He confeflit that juftly thay war punifched for Ido- latry comitted ; bot he affirmed,That amongs thame thare continually remained flim trew Worfchippers of God, for quhos Comfort war the Propheittis fend alfweill to call thame to Repentance, as to affurc thame of Deliverance, and of the Promeis of God to be performed unto thame. He de\7dit the Pfalme in thre Partis, to wit. In a Prayer. 2. In the Grund quhareupoun thare Prayer was foundir. 3. And in the lamcntabill Complaints, and the Vow quhilk they maik to God, Thare Prayer was, That God fould convert and turne thame, that he fould mak his Face to fchyne upoun thame, and that he fould reftoir tham to thair former D'gmtic. The Groundis and Foundatiounis of thare Prayer was, 1. That God himfelf had beaime Pal^our and Governour unto thame. 2. That he had taikin the Proteftioun of thame in his awin Hand. 3. That he had chofin his Habitatioun amongs thante. 4. That he had delivered thame from Bondage and Thraldomc. ;, That he had multiplyit and blifTit thame with mony notable Benediftiounis. Upoun thofe two Parts he gave thefe Nottes, Firft, That the Felicity of God's Pepill may not be meafured be ony ex- temall Apeirance ; for oftentymes it is. That the fame Pepill, to quhome God becumes not onelie Creatour, bot alfo Paftour and Proteftour, is more C c c feve 194 The Hiftorie of the RejormatioHn Lib. IL feverely intreated, than thos Nations quhare very Ignorance and Contempt of God rigneth. SeciinSe That God nevir made his Acquaintance and League with 6ny Pepill be his Word, bot thare he had fum of his Eleft, quho albeit they fuC ferit for a Tyme in the myds of the Wicked, yet in the end they fand Com- fort and felt in verie Experience, that Gods Promeifes ar not vane. 1'hridlie That the(e Prayers war dyted unto the Pepill be the Holy Ghoftj before they came to the uttermoft of the Trubill, to aflure thame that God, be quhos Spreit the Prayer was dyted, wald not contempt the fame in the middes of thare Calamities. The thrid Parte, conteining the lamentable Complaint, he entreated in Strml'mg^ in Prefens of my Lord Duck, and of the haill Counfail. In Expofitioun. quhareof, he declared quharefore God futfered (umtymes his chofen Flock to be exponit to Mockage, to Dangers, and to apeiring Di- ftruclioun to wit. That they may feill the Vehemency of God's Indignatioun ; that they may knaw how litill Strenth is in thameftlfis ; that they may leve a Teftimony to the Generatiouns following, alfweill of the Malice of the Devill agans God's Pepill, as of the marvelous Works of God in preferving his litell Flock by far uther Means than Man can efpy. In explayning thefe Words, How laiig, 0 Lord, will thow be augrie againft the Prayer of thy People ; he declared how dolorous and fearful! it was to fecht againff that Tentatioun, that God turned away his Face from our Prayers, for that was nothing ellis than to comprehend and conceave God to be armed to our Deflruffioun ; quhilk Tentatioun no Flefche can abyde nor overcum, unles the mychty Spirit of God interpone the felf fuddanely. The Exampill he gave, The Impatience of Saull, quhen God wald not bear his Prayers. The Difference betwix the Eleft and Reprobate in thatTen- tatioun,he plainely declaret to be,that the Ele6f fufteaned be the fecret Power of God's Spirit, did ftill call upounGod, albeit he appearet to contemne thare Prayers : Quhilk (faid he) is the Sacrafice maift acceptabill to God, and is in a maner evin to fecht with God, and to overcum him, as Jacob did in wraftelling with his Angell. Bot the Reprobate ffaid he^ being denyed of thare Requef^es at God's Hand, do eyther ceas to pray and altogether con- temne God, quha ftraitly comands us to call upoun him in the Day of cur Adverfity, or ells they feke at the Devill, that quhilk they cannot obtean of God. In the fecund Parte, he declaret how hard it was to this corrupt Nature of ours not to rejoyce and put Confidence in the Self, quhen God gevis Vi- ftory • and tharefore how neceflary it was that Man be Affliftioun fbuld be brocht to the Rnawlege of his awn Infirmity, leaft that puft up with vane Confidence, he mak ane Idoll of his awin Strenthe, as did Ring Nehuchadnefar. He did greavely difput upoun the Nature of the blind Warld, quhilk in all Ages hes infblently rejoylTit quhen God did cheftin his awn Children, quhos Glory and Honour, becaus the Reprobate can nevir fie, tharefore they defpife thame and the wondrous Work of God in thame. And yet,faid he,the Joye and Reioyfing of the Warld, is bot mere Sorrow, becaus the End of it tends to iuddane Def^ruftioun, as the ryotous banqutting of Baltafchar decleareth ; ap- plying thefe Heids to the Tyme and Perfons (he faidj if none of God's Chil- dren Lib. II. of Rcligiom in Scotland. i^^ dren had fuflfered before us the fame Injureis that prefcntly we fLiftcane, thes our Trubles wald appear intollerabill ; fuche is our tender Delicacy, and Self love of our awn Flelche. That thefe Things quhiik we lichtly pas over in uthers, we can gritly complayne of, if they tuitchc ourfelfis. I dout not bot thatfum of us haveoftennar nor anes red this Pfalme,as alfb we have hard and red the Travells and Trubells of our Forefathers. Bot quhiik of us, ey- iher in hearing or reading thare Dolours and Tcntatiouns did (a dcfcend into ourfelfis that we felt the Bitternes of thare PalTiouns ? I think none. And tharefore hes God brocht us to (urn Experience in our awn Ferfbns. Bot yit hecaus the Matter may appeir obfcour, unles it be more properly applyed, I cannot bot of Confcience u(s fuche Flainnes, as God fall grant un- to me. Our Faces ar this Day confounded, our Enemies triumphe, our Hairts have quhaiked for Feir, and yit they remain opprefTit with Sorrow and Schame. Bot quhat fall we think to be the very Caus, that God hes thus dejeflcd us ? Gif I fould fay. Our Synes and former Unthankfulnes to God, I fpeik the Treuthe ; bot yit I fpeik more generally then NecefTity requires : For quhen the Synes of Men arrebuikedin generall, feldom it is that Man defcendes in- to himfelf, accufing and damning in himfelf that quhiik moft difpleifefhe Godj bot rather he douts that to be a Caus, quhiik befbir God is na Caus indeid. As for Example, The Ifraelittes^ fechring aganes the Trybe of Benjamin^ wer twyfe dilcomfited, with the Lofe of fourty thoufand Men. They lamented and bewaillit bothe firit and lafl: ; bot we find not that they came tn the Knawlege of thair Offence and Syne, quhiik was the Caus that they fell in the Edge of the Sword ; bot rather they douted that to be the Caus of thair Misfbr" toun,quhilk God had comanded : For they afked. Sail we go and fed: t any moir againft our Brethrein the Sones of Benjamine ? Be quhiik Queflioun it is evi- dent that they fuppoifed, that the Caus of thair Overthraw and Difcomfitours ■was, becaus they had lifted the Sworde againfl thair Brethrein and naturall Cuntreymen ; and yit the exprefs Command of God, that was given unto thame, did deliver thame from all Cryme in that Cais. And yit no dout bot that thare was flim Caus in the Ifraelltes^ that God gave thame fb over in the Hands of thefe wickit Men, againft quhome he (ent thame, be his awn ex- pres Comandment to execute his Jugementis. Suche as do weill mark the Hiftory, and the Eftait of that Pepill, may eafily fie the Caus, quhy God was offended. All the haill Pepill had declyned from God, Idolatry was mantein- ed by a comoun Content of the Multitude, and, as the Text fayethe, Everte Man did that quhdk appeired glide in bis aix;in Eyis. In this mein Tyme, the Levite complained of the Villany that was done to himfelf, and unto his Wyfe, quhiik oppretTed be the Benjaminites of Gihabe, dyed under thair filthy Luflisj quhiik horribill Faft inflamed the Hairtis of the haill Pepill, to tak Vengeance upoun that Abhominatioun, and tharein they offended not ; bot in this they failled, that they go to execute Jugement againfl the Wicked, without ony Repentance or Remors of Confcience, for thair awn former Offences, and Defeftioun from God. And farder, becaus thay war a grit Multitude, and the uther far inferiour to thame, thay trufted in thair awn Srrenthe, and thocht thamefelfis abill yneuche to do thair Purpois, without ony Invocatioun of the Name of God : Bot efter that thay had twyce provin the Vanity of thair awin Strenthe, they faffed and prayed, and being humblit befoir God, they recea- ired a more favourabill Anfwer, ane alTuired Promeis of the Viftory. The lyk may be amongis us, albeit that fuddanely we do not efpy it; And to the C c c 2 End, iq6 The Hi/hrie of the Reformatioun Lib. II. End that every Man may the better examin himfelf, I will devide our haill Cumpany in two Sortes of Men, the one ar thofe that from the Beginning of this Truble have (ufteined the comoun Danger with thair Brethrein, the uther be thofe, quhilk be laitly joyned to our Fellowfchip. In the one and the u- ther 1 feir, juft Caus fall be found, that God fuld thus have humillit us. And albeit that this appeir ftrange at the firft heiring, yit gif every Man fall ex- amyn himfelf, and fpeik as that his Confcience dyttis unto him, I dout nor, bot he fall fubfcryve my Sentence. Lat us begin at our felfis, quha langeft have continewed in this Battell. Quhen we war a few Number in Compari- foun of our Enemies, quhen we had nother Erie nor Lord ( a few excepted ^ to comfort us, we called upoun God, and tpke him for our Proteftour, De- fence and onely Refuge. Amongft us was hard no braging of Multitude, of our Strenthe, nor Pollicy j we did onely fob to God, to have Reipaft to the Equity of our Caus, and to the cruell Perfute of the tyrranefuU ' Enemy. Bot fmce that our Number hes bein multiplyed, and cheifly fince my Lord Dukis Grace with his Freindes have bein joyned with us, thare was nothing hard, bot This Lord will hi lug thefe many himdreth Speirs j this Man hes the Credtte to perhoaid the Ciintry ; gif this Erie he ours, iia Man in fick a Boundis will irubell us. And this the beft of us all, that befoir felt God's potent Hand to our Defence, hath of late Dayis ^mFlefche to he our Airme. Eot quhairin yit had my Lord Dukis Grace and his Freides olfendit ? It may be that, as we have tru- jflit in thame, fo thay have put to muche Confidence in thair awn Strenthe. Bot granting it be not fo ; I fie a Caus maift juft, quhy the Duke and his Freinds fuld thus be confounded, amongis the reft of thair Brethrein, I have not yit forgotten quhat was the Dolour and Anguifche of my awn Heairt, quhen at Sanft Johneftoun, Couper-Mure and Edinhurghe-Craigis, thefe cruell Murtherars, that now hes put us to this Difhonour, threatnit our prefent Diftruftioun; my Lord Dukes Grace and his Freindes, at all thefe thre Journeyis, was to thame a grit Comforte, and unto us a grit Diicurage ; for his Name and Au- thority did more affray and aftonifche us, then did the Force of the uther ; yea, without his AfTiftance, they never could have compelled us to apoint with the Quein, upoun fo unequall Conditiouns. I am uncertane, if my Lord's Grace hes unfaynedly repentit of that his AfTiftance to thefe Murtherars injuft- ly perfewing us ; yea, I am uncertane, if he hes repented of that innocent Elude of Chrift's blifruMartyres,quhilk was fched in his Default. Bot let it be that fo he hes done, as I heir he that has confeffit his Fault befoir the Lordis and Bre- threin of the Congregatioun ; yit I am affuredjthat nether he, nor yit his Freindes, did feill befoir this Tyme the Anguifohe and Greif of Hairt, quhilk we felt, quhen, in thair blind Furie, they perfewed us : And tharefoir God hath juftly permitted bothe thame and us, to fall in this feirfuU Confijfioun at ones. Us, for that we put our Truift and Confidence in Man ; and thame, becaus they fould feill in thar awn Hairts, how bitter was the Cuppe quhilk thay maid uthers drink befoir thame. Reftis that bothe they and we turne to the Eternell our God f quho beitis down to Deyth, to the Intent that he may rays up again, to leive the Remembrance of his wondrous Deliverance, to the Prays of his awn Name) quhilk if we do unfaynedly, I no more dout, bot that this our Dolour, Con- fufioun and Feir fall be turned into Joy, Honour and Bauldnes, than that I dout, that God gave Victory to the Ifraelites over the Benjaminites, efter that twys with Ignominy they war repulfed and dung back ; yea, quhatfoever fall becumof us, and of our mortal! Carcafes, I dout not bot that this Caus (in Defpyte Lib. II. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 1^7 Defpyte of Sathan ; fall prcvaill in this Realme of Scotland. For, as it is the eterncU Treuthe of the Eternell Gcd, fo (kil it ancs frcvaill, houijcvtr for a Tyme it is impugned. It may be, that God fall plague fum, for that they de- lyte not in the Treuthe, albeit for warldly Refpcftis, they feim to favour it • yea,God may tak fum of his deireft Childrein away befoir that thirEys fie p;rit- ter Trubles ; bot nether fall the one nor the uther, fo hinder this AiJiioun bot in the End it fall triumphe. ' This Sermon endif, in the quhilk he did vehementlie exhort all Men to Amendment of Lyif, to Prayeris, and to the Warks ofCheritie. The Myndis of Men began wonderfully to be erefted: And immediatly efter Denner the Lordis pafTit to Counfaill, unto the quhilk the faid Jobne Kmx was callit* to mak Invocatioun of the Name of God (for uther Preichers wer nane with us at that Tyme ) in the End it was concludit, that fViUiam Mahhvid foir- (aid fbuld pas to Londone^ to expone our Stair and Conditioun to the Quein and Counceill, and that the Nobilmen fbuld departe to thair Quiet to the 1 6th Day of December, quhilk Tj me was apointif to the next Conventioun in Stir- lingy as in this our third Buik following fall be moir aniplie declaired. Luke tipoun us^ 0 Lore/, in the Multitude of thy Mercies^ for •we ar brocht evin to the Deip of the Dungeouu. The End of the Secund Buik. Ddd THE Lib. III. of Kcligiom in Scotland. 19^ ^^^^. ii^4l':i:_:^. •» THE T H R I D B U I K OF THE Progres of trew Religioun o. WITHIN The Realme of SCOTLJND. FTER this our dolorous Departure trom Edinburgh^ the Fury and the Rage of the Fienche incrclTit : for then durft nether Man nor Woman that profefTit Chrilt Jefus within that Toun be fein. The Houles of the maift honeft Men war gevin be the Quene to the Frenchmen for a Fart of thare Reward. The Erie Botfr^ell by Sound of Trumpet proclaymed the Erie of Jn/in Tray* tour, with uther defpytfuU Words, quhilk all was done for the Plefour, and be the Suggeftioun of the Quene Regent, quho then thocht the Battell was wone without farder Reii- ftance. Greit prafteifing fche maid for obteining the Caftcll of Edhihtrghe. The French maid thare Faggots with uther Preparatiouns to aflTault the faid Caftell, ether be Force or ells be Treff)un: Bot God wrocht Co potentlie with the Captane, the Lord Er/Jtine, at that Tyme, that nether the Quene by Flattery, nor the French by Treiloun prevayllit. Adverteifment with all Deligence part to the Duke ofGuife^ quho then was King ot France (as con- cerning Power to comand) requyring him then to mnk Epeditioun, if he (lefyrit the full Conqueift of Scot/and; quho delayit no Tyme, boc with a D d d s otvv 200 The Hiftorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. III. new Armie Cent away his Brother Marquis d'Mufe, and his Cumpanie the Maritickisy promeifing that he himfelf fuld follow. Bot the rychteous God, quho in Mercy lukethe upoun the Affliftioun of thofe that unfaynedlie fob unto him, faucht for us by his awin outftretchit Arme : For upoun ane Nicht upoun the Coaft of Holland war drowned of thame auchtein Enfenyeis, (b that oneiie reftit the Schip, in the quhilk war the two Principalis foirfaids, with tliare Ladyis, quho violentlie drevin back agane to Deip^ were compel- lit to confes, That God faucht for the Defence of Scothnd. From Ingland returned Robert Melvin, quho paft in Cumpany to London with the Secretary, a litell befoir Chrijimefs^ and brocht unto us certane Artickles to be anfwered, as be the Contraft that efter was maid, more planely fall appeir. Quhareupoun the Nobility conveined at Striveling^ and re- turned Anfwer with Deligence. Quhareof the Frenche adverteifit, they mer- chit to- LinlythgoWy quho fpullyeit the Duk's Hous, and v/aifted his Lands of Khi' neilly and thairetter came to Sterling, quhare they remained certane Days. (Tlie Duke, the Erles of Jrgylle and Glencairne, with thair Freinds, paft to Glafgow, the Erie of Arrane and Lord James paft to Sanft Androis \ for Chairge was gevin to the haill Nobility, Proteftanis, to keip thair awn Bodies, till that God fbuld fend thame farder Support. ) The Frenche ruk Furpfe firft to aflault Fyfe; for at it was thair grit Indignatioun. Thair Furpois was to have taiken, and fortetfeit the Toun and Abbay, with the Caftell of Sanft Aidrois 5 and fb they came to Culros, efter to Dumfermling, and then to Bnmtilandj quhare they be- gan to fort ; bot defifted tharefra, and merched to Kinghorney upoun the Occa- fiounas follows. Quhen certane Knawlege came to the Erie of Arrane and to Lord James, that the Frenche wer departed from Strivelmg, they departed alfb from Sanft Andro'iSy and began to alTemble thair Forces at Couper, and fent thair Mea of Weir to Kinghorne, unto quhome thare refbrted divers of the Coaft-fide, of iVlynd to refift rather at the Beginning, than quhen they had deftroyed a Parte of thair Tounis. Bot the Lords had gevin ane expres Comandment, that they fould hafard nothing, quhill that they thamfelves wer prefent. And for that Furpois was fend unto thame the Lord Ri'thven^ a Man of grit Ex- perience, and inferiour to few in Stoutnes. In his Cumpany was the Erie of Sutherland, Cent from the Erie of Huntelie, as was alleaged, tocomforte the iords in thair Afiliftiounis. But utheris quhifpered. That his princ'pall Com- mifTioun was unto the Queue Regent. Howfbever it was, he was hurt ia the Arme, by the Schote of ane Hakquebute ; for the Men of Weir, and the rafi call Multitude, perceaving certane Bottis of Frenche Men landing, quhilk came fi-om Leyth, purpoifit to flop thair Landing ; and fo, not confiddering the E- nemies that approched from Bruntiland, unadvyfedly they rafchit down to Petticur (fb is that Bey betwex Kinghorne called) and at the Seycoaft began the Skirmifching; bot never tuk Heid to the Enemy that approchit by Land, till that the Horfmen chairged thame upoun thair Backes, and the haill Bandes came direilily upoun thair Faces ; and fb they war compelled to give Backes with the Lofs onely of fex or fevin of thare Men, and with the talking of fum, amongs quhome war two that profefTit Chrift Jefus, one namet Paul! Lambert, a Dutcheman, and a Frenche Boy, fervent in Religioun, and clein of Lyif, quhom in defpyte they hangit over the Stipell oC Kinghorne. Thow fall revenge, O Lord, in thy appointit Tyme. The Caus that in fb grit a Panger thare was fb fmall a Lois, nixt unto the mercifull Providence of- God, was Lib. III. of KcUgtcun in Scotland. 261 was the (liddane cuming of the Lord Ruthveit; for evin as our Men had ge- vin back, he and his Cumpany came to the Held of the Bray, and did not onelic ftay the French Futemen, hot alio dm of ours brack upoun thare Horlmcn, and lb repulfit thame, that they did no tarder Hurt to our Fute- men. In that Rencounter was the Erie of Siiiheylancl /bir(aid fchote in the Armc, and was caryit back to Couper. The Fieucbe tuk Kwghnic, quhare they lay and waiftit the Cuntrey about, alfweill Papirtis as Protcftanris; yea, cvin thois that war confeddcrat with thame, fick as SeyfeiU^ Ealnuito^ Bal- z-eiie, JVeims, and uther Enemies to Gcd and Traytours to thare Cuntrey ; of thame, we fay, they (pairit not the Scheip, the Oxin, the Ky, the Horfes, and (urn (ay that (um of thare Wyfes and Dochters gat Favours of the Freucle Souldiours. And fo did God recompence the Papiftis in thare awin Bolbmis ; for befydis the defoulling of thare Houfes,- as fiid is, two of thame refTavit moir Dammage, then did all the Gentilmen that profefTit the Evangell withia Fyif^ the Laird of Grange onelie exceptit, quhois Hous of the Gra'wge the French overthrew by Gune-powdcr. The Qucne Regent, proude of this Viftorie, burft furth in hir blafphemous Raylling,and (aid, ^ihair vo'x is Johne Knox his God? My God is now ftraiig- er than bis, yea ez'iii inFy'if. Sche poiftit to hir Freindis in France News that Thoufandis of the Heretyikis war (]ain, and the relt war fled, and thare- foir requirit that funi Nobiliman of hir Freindis wald cum and tak the Glorie of that Viftorie. Upoun that Intbrmatioun was, the Martykis with two Schipis, and (iim Captancs and Hors direftit to cum to Scotland^ but litill to thare awin Advantage, as we (all efter heir. The Lordis of the Congregatioun offendit at the Fulifchnes of the rafcall Multitude, callit to thamefelfis the Men of "Weir, and remainit certaneDayis at Couper, unto quhome repairit Johie Knox, and in our gritte(t Difperatioun preicheit unto us a mairt comfortable Sermone : His Text was, Th Danger VI qiihilk ihe Difciples of Jejus Urrift fiude qiiken they 'xar in the middis of the ^ey, and 'Jefus was upoun the Montane. His Exhortatioun was. That we fibuld not faint, bot that we (buld (till row agains thefe contrarius Blaftis, till that Jeftis Chrift (buld cum ; for, (aid he, I ame as a(ruredlie perfwaidit that God (all deliver us from the extrem Tnjbill,as that I ame alfurit, that this is the E- vangell Of Je(usChri(i,quhilk I preiche unto ycu this Day. The fourt IVatche is fiot yit ctimit, abyde a litill, the Bote (all be (avif, and Peter, quhilk hes left the Bote, fall not drown. I ameafibiif, Albeit I cannot affirme yow be Re(^ foun of this prefent Rage, Gcd grant that ye may acknawlege his Hand, efter that your Eyis have fein his Deliverance. In that Sermone he comfortit mony ; and yit he offendit the Erie of Jr~ ram; tbr in his Difcours upoun the raani(a!d Afiaultis that the Kirk of Gcd had (ultened, he brccht for Exemple the Multitude of Strangears that per- fewit Jehofaphate elter that he had reformit Religioun. He intreatit the Feir of the Pepill, yea, and of the King himfelf at the firft. Bot efter he affirmir, That Jehojaphat was flout, and to declair his Curage in his Gcd, he comfbrtit his Pepill and his Souldiours ; he came furth in the middis of thame, he fpak lovinglie unto thame. He keipit not himfelf ((aid he) incloifit in his Cliaf- mer, bot frcquentit the Multitude, and rejoyfTit thame with his Pre(ence, and godlie Cbmforte. Thefe and the lyk Sentences tuk the laid Erie to be fpokin in Reproche of him, becaus he keipit himfelf moir clois and folitarlie than mony Men wald have wifchit. E e e Efter 202 The Hiftorie of the Re/ormatioun Efter thir Thingis, Decerminatioun was tane, that the Erie of Ara^^ and Lord James^ with the Men of Weir, and fum Cumpanie of Horfmen (buld go to Dyfart^ and thare lay to wait upoun the Freiuhe, that thay di- ftroyit not the Sey-coaft, as thay intendit utterlie to have done. The (aid Erie, and Lord James did as they war apointit, albeit thare Cumpanie was verie fmall; and yit they did fo valiantlie, that it paffit all Credibilitie ; for 21 Days they lay in thare Clay this; thare Buttis nevir came of: They had fkirmafching almaift everie Day, yea, fum Days from Morne to Evin. The Frenche war four thouland Souldiours, belydis thare Favouraris and Faftioun in the Cuntrey. The Lordis wer nevir togither joc Horfemen, with a hun- drethe Souldiours, and yit they held the Frenche fb bedie, that for everie Hors they flew to the Congregatioun, they loft four Frenche Souldiours. William Kirkcaldie of Grange^ the Day efter that his Hous was caftin doun, fent his Defyance to Monfieur d'Ofell, and unto the reft, declairing that unto that Hour had he ufTit the Frenche favourablie, he had favit thare Lyvis, quhen that he micht have fufferit thare Throts to have bein cute ; bot fting they had ufTit him with that Rigour, lat thame not luik for the lyk Favours in Tymes to cume. And unto Monfieur d'Ofell^ he faid. He knew that he isoald not get him in the Skirmifcheing^ hecam he hiew he was hot ane Coward : Bot it micht he that he [odd quite him a Comoiin ather in Scotland or ellis in France. The faid William Kirkcaldie, and the Maifter of Lindefay, efchaipit monie Dangeris. The Maifter had his Hors flane under him, the faid William was almoift betrayit in his Hous at Hallyairdis. Bot yit they nevir ceifTit, bot Nicht and Day they waittit upoun the Frenche : They laid thamefelfis in a fecreit Plaice with fum Gentilmen befoir the Day to wait upoun the Frenche^ who uffit comonlie to ifche in Cumpanies to feik thare Fray : And fb come furth one Captane Batu with his hundreth, and began to fpoill j quhome the faid Maifter (now Lord Lindefay^ and the faid William fufferit, without De- claratioun of thamefelvis, or of thare Cumpanie, till that they had thame more than a Mylle from Kinghorne, and then began the Horfmen to brek ; quhilk perceavit, the Frenche altogither drew to a Plaice callit Glemis Hous, and maid for Debait ; fum tuk the Hous, and uthers defendit the Clois and Yaird : The Hafard appeirit verie unlicklie, for our Men had nothing bot Speiris, and war compellit to licht upoun thare Feit : The uther waf with- in Dykis, and everie Man had a Culvering j the Schoie was feirfull to mdnie, and divers war hurt, amongis quhome war Robert Haumiltoun, and David Kirk* caldie. Brother to the faid Laird, quho both war fuppoifit to have bein flain. The faid Laird perceaving Men to faint, and begyne to recoule, faid, //, lat us nevir leive efter this Day, that we fall recoule for Frenche Skyhaldis. And fb the Maifter of Lindefay and he burft in at the Yett, and fb uthers followit. The Maifter ftruk with his Speir at la Batu, and glanfing upoun his Harneis, for Fiercenes flamberit almoft upoun his Kneis j bot recovering fuddanelie, feftnit his Speir, and buir the Captane bakward, quho becaus he wald not be taikin, was flain, and fyftie of his Cumpanie with him. They that war in- to the Hous, with fum utheris, war favit, and fent to Dandie to be keipit. This Mifchance to the Frenchemen, maid thame to be moir circumfpeft in foraying abroade in the Cuntrey, and fb the puir Creatures gat fum Relief: To furneis the Frenche with Vi6tuellis was apointit Captane Cullan, with two Schipis, quho travellit betwix the South fchoir and Kinghorne for that Pur- pois: For his Wages he fpulyeit Kinghorne^ Kirkcaldie^ and fa mekiU oiDyfert as Lib. III. of Rcligioun tn Scotland. 203 as he micht. For Remcdie quhairof, war apointit two Schipis from Ditndu" AnHieitj S.iihif, a ftoutc Man and fervent in the Cans of Religioun, was the principall. This fame Tyme arryvit the Martykis, quho without Delay landit iiimrclf, his Cofferis, and the principall Gcntilmen that war with him atLeyth !^.vi!:g the refUn the Schipis till better Oportunitie. Bot the laid Atidre^jj and his Cumpanion flriking Saill, and making as they wald Anker hard bclyid thame, burdit thame bothc, and caryit thame to Dutidie. In thame war got- ten dim Hors, and mekill Harncis, u ith fum uther TriflTellis, bot of Money we hard not. Heirat the Freuche oftcndit, avowit the Diftriiftioun of Sanft jindrois and Diindie^ and lb upoun ane Monovday in the Morning, the 23d of Janitare, they merchit from Dyfert, and paflit the Water of Leviii^ evir keip- ing the Sey-coaft, by Reflbun of thare Schipis and Vic^uells, as laid is. A- bout twell Hours they efpyit Schipis, Cquhilk war lein that Morning by us that war upoun the Land, bot war not knawin) Moni'ieuv d'Ofell affirmit thame to be Fremhe Schipis, and lb the Souldiours Triumpheif, Ichot thare Voley lor Salutatioun, and merched fbrdward unto Kiiicraig^ feiring no Rcfi- ftance. Bot fchort efter the higVtfche Shipis met with Captane CuUen^ and /eafit him and his Schipis, quhilk maid thame a litill to muis. Bot fuddanely came Mr. Alexauder IVodde^ quho had bene upoun the Admirall, and alTured Monfieur d'Ofelljlhat they war lugli/lbeiiieir, and that they war the Foir-rydaris of a "-ritter Number that followed, quho wer lent for Support of the Congregatioun. Thare micht have bene lein the Ryving of a Baird, and micht have bene hard fick Defpyte, as cruell Men ufs to fpcw furthe, quhen God bryddilles thair Fury. Wearines and the Nicht conftrayned thame to ludge thare; they Help- ed fcarfly, becaus thair Schipis war taiken, in the quhilkis wer thair Vicluells and Ordinance, quhilk they intended to have placed in Sanft Jvdrois. They thamefelfis durft not ftray abroad to leik, and the Laird of JVehnis Cariage quhilk lykways was cuming with FurneilTing unto thame, was ftayit • and tharefoir bytymis in theMorning they reteired towardisA'/«^>?'or77f,and maid more Expeditioun in one Day in returning, than they did in two in merching ford- ward. The Storme, quhilk had continewed neir the Space of a Monethe, brak in the very Tyme of thair reteiring; quhairby mony thocht thay fould have bein ftayed, till that reflbnabill Cumpany mycht have bene alTemblcd to have fochten thame ; and for that Purpois did JViUhim Kirkcaldie cutte the Brig of luUibodye. Bot the Freuche^ expert yneuche in fick Fac^is, tuk doun a Ruffe of a Paroche Kirk, and maid a Brig over the laid Water, called Dovane 5 and lb they efchaiped, and came to Stirling, and thairefter to Leythe : Yet in thair Re- turne they loft divers, among quhome thare was one quhois miferable End we man rehers. As the Freiube fpullyed the Cuntrey in thair returning, ane Captane orSouldiour, we cannot tell, bot he had a reidClocke and agiltMur- riow, enterit upoun a pure Woman, that dwelt in the ^ihy^fyd, and began to fpoille. The pureWoman offerit unto him fick Breid,as fche had rcdy prcpair- ed, bot he, in na Wayis tharewith content, wald have the Meill and a litill lalt Beif, quhilk the pure Woman had to fuftein hir awn Lyif, and the Lyves of hir pure Childrein \ nouiher could Teirs nor pitifull Words mitigate the merciles Man, bot he wald have quhatlbevir he micht cary. The pure Wo- aran perceaving him fo bent, ar.d that he ftcupit down in hir Tub, for the talking fbrth of fick Stuffe as was within it, firft coupit up his Heilles, fo that his Held went down : And thairefter, quhidder be hirfelf, or if ony uthef E e e a Cumpanie 204 ^/-'^ Hiftorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. Cumpanie came to helpe hir, bot thare he endit his unhapie Lyif ; God fo puneifching his cruil Hairt, quho culd not fpair a miferable Woman in that Extremity. Lat all feck Soiildiours recave fick Reward ( 0 Lord) feing thatthovt art the Revenger of the oppreffit. And now becaus, that from this Tyme fordward, frequent Mentioun will be maid of the comfortable Supporte, that we in our gritteft Extremity recea- ved, be God's Providence from our Nychbours of Inghwd; we think it ex- pedient fimply to declair, by quhat Inftrumentis that Matter was firfi: moved, and by quhat Meanis it came to pafs, that the Quein and Counfaill uf lug- land fchew thamefelf is fo favourable unto us. As Jobie Kiios had foirwairnit us, by his Letteris from Geneva^ of all Dan- geris that he foirlaw, to infew our Interpryis ; fo quhen he came to Deip^ mynd- fuU of the fame, and revolving with himfelf what Remedie God wald pleis to offer,he tuk the Bauldnes to wryte to Sir WilUam Cuill Secretary oflng- had, withe quhom the laid Jobne had bein befoir familiarlie acquaintit, intend- ing thairby to renew Acquaintance, and fo to oppin farther of his Mynd. The Tenour of hisfirft Letter followis. The Spirit of Jugement ^ tVifdome and Sanftificatiouu, I ivifche unto yaw by Jefm Chrift. AS I have no Pleafour with long wryting to troubill yow (Rycht Ho- norabill) whole Mynd I knaw to be occupied with mailt grave Mat- teris, la mynd I not gritlie to labour by long Preface to conciliat your Fa- vours, whiche I llippois I have alreddie (howfoevir Rumours brute the con- trarie) as it becumeth ane Member of Chriftis Bodie to have of ane uther. The Contentis tharetore of thefe my Prefents fall be abfolved in two Points. In the former, I purpois to difchairge in breve Words my Confcience to- wardis yow : And in the uther, ftmquhat muift I fpeik, in my awin De- fence, and in Defence of that pure Flock of lare aflfembled in the maift god- lie reformed Churche and Citie of the World, Geneva. To yow. Sir, I lay, that as from God ye have receavit Lyif, Wiiciome, Honours, and this pre- fent Eftait in the whiche now yow ftand, fo aucht yow wholie to imploy the fame to the Advancement of his Glorie, who onelie is the Auftor of Life, the Fontane of Wifdome, and who moft afluredlie doth and will honour and glorifie thame, that with fimple Hairtis do glorifie hime J which allace in Tymes paft yow have not done, bot being overcum with comoun Iniquitie, yow have followit the Warld in the Way of Perditioun : For to the fupprefling of Chrifts trew Evangell, to the ere61:ing of Idolatrie, and to the fchedding of the Elude of Godis maift deir Childrein, have yow bySilence confentit and fubforyvit. This your maift horribillDefeftioun frome the Treuthe knawin, and once profefht, hathe God to this Day mercifuUie fpair- ed. Yet to Manis Jugement he hathe utterlie forgottin and pardonit the lame: He hathe not intreated yow as he hathe done uthers (of lyk Knaw- lege) whome in his Anger (but yit moifl: juftlie according to thare Deferfis^ he did fohortelie ftricke efter thare Defeftioun. Bot yow, giltie in the lame Offences, hathe he foflerit and prefervit, as it war in his awin Bofome, dur- ing the Tyme of that moft miferable Thraldome of that profefTit Enemie of God, mi(chevousM^z/7f; And now hathe he fet yow at fuche Libertie, as the Furie of Gods Enemies cannot hurt yow, except that wiliinglie againft his IB. III. of Kcligictin in Scotland. 205 h"s honour yew tak Flefour to confpire -with thame. As the Benefitc vlhiche >ow have rcccavit is grit, To moft Gods Juftice require of yow a thankhiU Hairt ; for leing that his Mcrcie hathe fpairit yow, being Tratour to his Majtftie ; leing farther, that amongs your Enemies he hathe pre- fervit yow; and laft, feing, that yow, worthie of Hell, he hathe promotit vow to Honours, and Dignitic, of yow murt he require (becaufe he is juft) ft Repentance for your former Defeftioun, ane Hairt myndfull of his mercifull Providence, and a Will fo reddy to advance his Glorie, that evi- dentlie it may appeir, that in vane yow have not receavcd thefc Graces of God • to Performance quhareof, of NecefTitie it is, that carnall Wifdome and warldly Follicie ( to whiche bothe yow ar bruitted to muche in- clvned) geve Place to Gods fimple and naiked Treuthe : Very Love com- pelUs me to fay, That excepte the Spirit of God purge your Hairt from that Venncme, whiche your Eyis have fein to have bene Dcftruaioun to uthers, that ^f w fall not long efchaip the Rtwarde of Difltmblers. Call to mynd vshat jcwhard proclamcd, in the Chapell of Sanft Jatiies^ when this W^rOi ot the firfl Plalme was intreated, Not fn, O Wicked, vot fo, hot as the Luft ^huh tie JJ'ynd toffelh, 8cc. And confidder, that now yow travell in the fame Way whiche then they did cccupie ; plantiy to fpeik now ar yow in that Eftait and Creditc, in the whiche yow fall eyther comforte the forrowfull and afiliflit tor Rychteoufnes Saik, or ellis yow fall mokft and repbgne the Spirit of God fpeiking in his MefTingers. The Comforters of the afHiaed for Godlines, have Promife of Comfort in thare gritttft NecefTitics ; bot the Troiblars of Gods Servants (how contemned that evir they ap.peir before the Warld') ar tbrearned to leive thare Nrmes in Execratioun to the Pof^e- rities following. The Exemples of the anc and the uthcr ar not onelie evi- dent in Scriptures, bet alio have bene lately manifefted in Ingland. And this is the Conclufioun of that, whiche to yourfelf, I fay ; except that in the CaLS of Chrifts Fvangell, ye be found fimple, finceir, fervent, and unfayned, yow fall taift of rhe fame Coupe, which politick Heids have drunken in be- fore yow. J r r The uther Point concerning myfelf, and that pure Flock now delperflr, and as I heir fay, rudelie intreated, is this. By divers MefTingers I have requeflit fuche Privileges as Tinkh comonlie do grant to Men of everie Na- tio'jn, to -wit. That Frcdcme fould be grantit unto me peaceablie to travell throuche InJauJ, to the end that with grittcr Expcditioun I micht repare to. wards my awn Cuntrey, quhilk now begins to thrill for Chrifls Treuthe. ThisRequeft I ihocht fo reflonabill, that almoft I had entered in theRealme, •without Licence demanded ; and yet I underflude that it hath bene fo re- jeaed, that the Soliflars tharcof did hardlie efchape Imprifbnment, and funi of that pure Flccke I heir to be fo extremelie handled, that thos that moft cruellie have fched the Blood of Gods mofl dear Children finds this Day a- mongs yow greater Favors then they do. Allace, this appearethe muche to re- pugne to Chrifliane Cherity ; for whatfoever have bene my Offence, this I feir not to affirme in thare Caus, that if any whiche have fuffered Exylle in thefe maift dolorous Days of Ferftcutioun, deferve Prays and Ccmendatjoun, for Peace, Concorde, fober and quiet Leving, it is they. And as for me, how criminall that ever I be in Gods Prelens, for the Multitude of my Sinnes •, yet before his Juftice-fate I have a Teflimony of a clere Confcience, that fince my firft Acquantance with hgJandj willingly I never offended Per- F f f Com 20 6 The Hiftorie of the Kejormatioun Lib. III. foun within it, fexcepte in oppin Cliayre, to reprove that whiche God con- demnethe, can be juged Offence^ But I have, fay yow, wrirtin a treflbn- able Buke againft the Regiment and Impyre of Women. If that be my Of. fence, tlie pure Flocke is innocent (except fuche as this Day do fafteft cry Treflbun) For Sir (in Gods Prefens I wryte) withe none in that Cumpanie did I confult before the finifching of the fame. And tliarefore in Chrifts Name I requyre, tliat the Blame may ly upoun me allone. The wrytting of that Buke will I not deny ; but to prove it treflbnabil!, I think it fall be hard j For Sir No more do I dout of theTreuth of my principall Propofitioun, then that I doubt that this was the Voice of God, whiche firft did pronunce this Penalty againft Wemen, In Dolour fall thow hear thy Children. It is bruited, * That my Buke is, or fall be written againft. Gif fo be, Sir, I greatly feir. That Flatterers (all rather hurt than helpe the Matter which they wald feim to mantein : for except my Errour be planely fchawin and confuted be bet- ter Authority than by fuche Lawis as from Year to Year may and do change, I dar not promeis Sylence in fb weachtie a Bufinefs; leaft that in fo doing, I fall appear to betray the Verity, quhilk is not fubjeft to the MutabiHty of the Tyme. And if any think me ether Enemy to the Perfbun, or yet to the Re^^iment of hir, quhom God hathe now promotir, they ar utterlie de- ceaved of me, for the miraculous Work of God, comforting his afflifted by ane infirme Vefchell, I do acknawlege, and the Power of his mofi potent Hand (rayfing up quhome beft pleafith his Mercy, to foppres fuche as fight aeainft his Glory) I will obey, albeit that bothe Nature, and Gods maift perfect Ordinance repugne to fliche Regiment. More planely fo fpeak, gif Quene Elizabeth (all confes, that the extraordinary Difpenfatioun of Gods grit Mercy, maketh that lawfuU unto hir,whiche both Nature and Gods Law do deny unto all Wemen ; then fall none in higland be more willing to mantean hir law- full Authority then I fall be: Bot if (Gods wondrous Worke fet afyidj fche ground (as God forbid) the Juftnes of hir Titil! upoun Coniuetude, Laws or Ordinances of Men: Then I ame alTured, that as fuche foolifche Prefump- tioun doethe heichelie offend Gods fupream Majeftyj fb do I greitly feare, that hir Ingratitude fall not lang want Punifchment. And this in the Name of the eternell God, and of his Sone Jefus Chrift (before quhom bothe yow and I fall ftand to mak Account of all Counfaill we geve) I requyre yow to fignifie unto hir Grace in my Name ; adding, That onelie Humilitie and De- ieftioun of hirfelf before God, fall be the Firmity and Stability of hirThrdne, quhilk I knaw fall be aftaltit mo Ways then one. If this ye concelle from hir Grace, I will mak it patent to the Warld that this far I have communi- cat with yow,haveing alfb farder to fpeik,if my weak Jugement may be hard. Allace Sir, is my Offence falthocht in that Tyme, and in that Matter, I had writtin ten Buikes) fb heynous, that I cannot have Licence by Preacheing of Chrift Jefus, to refrefche thefe thrifty Saulls, which long have lacked the Water "of Lyfe. No Man will I prefently accus, but I greatly feir, that the Leprous have no Plefour to behald fair Faces m the cleir Glas. Lat no Man be aifrayed, that I requir to frequent the Court, eyther yet of ony Continew- ance to remane in Ingland; bot onely thrifts, in pafTing throuche to my awn native Cuntrey, to communicat with yow, and fiim uthers, fuche Things as willingly I lift not to comit to Paper, neyther yet to the Credite and KnaW* lege of many. And then in the North Parts to offer Gods Favours, to fuche ^sl fuppois do murne for thare Defel^ioun. And this, 1 truft, lall be no ies Lib. III. of Rcligioun i?i Scotland. 207 !es profitable to hir Grace, and to all Godly within higlaii^^ then it fall be pleifing to me in the Flefche. This is thcthrid Tjmc, that I have begged licence to vifit the hungryrrd thrifty among yow, whiche if now bedenyed, as befoir Gtd, 1 have a Te- ftimony, that fb muche I fcik not myfelf, as the Advancement of Chnft's £• vangell, and the Comfort of fuche, as whome I knc w allliL^cd ; (b fall the Godly underfland, that hglavd^ in refuifing me, refuileth a Freind, hew fmail that ever the Power be. The michty Spirit of the Lord Jefus mcve yotr Hairt deiply, to confidcr your Devvty unto Gcd, and the Eliait of thaiRealmc in whiche by his Apointmcnt ye now fen'c. From De'ip the lo. of Aprili iJi9. Yours to command in Godiines. JOHNE KNOX. To this Letter was no Anfvvcr maid ; for (chort thairefrer the faid 'Jolne Knos maid fordward to ScotLvid be Sey, quhair he landed the thrid of Mciii • and had fick Succes as in the fecund Bulk is declairtd. The laid Jolme being in Snnft Aidrois^ efter Coiiper-nune, entered in deip Dilcours with the Laird of G.-.ihge; the Dangeris war evident, hot the Support was not eafe to be ft in, Efter mony Wordis Jobiie Knox burfted fui th as follows. //' Irgland waUi foirfte their awn Comodii'te, yea, if they iiuald confidcr the Duvgei s, qnhainn they thamefelfis ft and, they "xald not fiffer us to perifche in this ^larrell ', for France hes decreit noles the Conqiieis oj Tngland then 0/ Scotland. Efttr long Refloning, it was concluded betwix thame two, that Support fcjuld be cr?v(d of Ingland : And for that Purpois the faid Laird of Grat.ge fi ft wrait to Sir Harie Percie, and efter raid frcme Edinlwghe and fp^.k with him, tc quhrm he maid fo plane Demonflratioun of the Danger appuring to Ingland, ri -f he tuk upoun him to wryit to Secretary Cecill, quho with Expedituin returned Aniwer back agane, geving him to underfbnd, that our Inrerpryis altogither miflyked not theCounfeill, albeit they defj'red farder Refblutioun of the prin- cipall Lordis. Quhilk Thing underftude, it was concluded to wry te unto him plainly our haill Purpois. The Tenour of our Letter was this. The firft Letter to Sir Williame Cicill frctii the Lordis of the Congregaitoim. I"' HE Contentis of a Letter direfled by yow, Richt Worfchipfrll, to Sir Earie Percie, was notified unto us, by Maifler Kirkcaldie ot'Grance^ this Sonday the 25th of JnUi, by the whiche we perceave, that the faid Grange, of Zeall and faythfull Hairt, whiche he beirethe to the Firtherarce of this our grit and ( befoir the Warld ) dangerous Interpryis, hes travelled with yow, as with ane unfayned Favourer of Chrifi's trew Religioin, ar.d of the Liberty of our Cuntry, for Knawlege of your Myndes towards us, in cafe we be aflalted be ony forane Invaf:oun, or gritter Fewer then we be weill abill to refifi Your ccmfortable Anfwer to this Queftioun we have crrf-dered, to our Joy and Ccmforte, as alfb your Mcticuns, and qvhat ye dtm:.rd ; to vvit, Qohat we, the Protefisnts within rlis Realme, do purpois ?. To w?at End we meane to dirtft our Afliouns? How we will,and how we fall be jbill to accomplifche the fame ? Quhat Dcubts we have of anie adverfarie Pother ? F ff 2 And 2o8 The Hijlorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. III. And finaUie, in cais Support fuld be fent from yow, quhat Maner ane Amity micht en few betwix thefe two Realmes Qt;. ? To the whiche in breve we an- fwer That our haill and onely purpois ( as knaweth God ) is to advance the Glory of Chrift Jefus, the trew Preiching of his holie Evangell, w^ithin this Realme ; to remove Superftitioun, and all Sort of externall Idolatry j to bry- diU the Fury fto our Power ) of thefe that cruelly heirtofoir have (ched the Elude of our Brethrein ; and to our uttermoft to mantein the Liberty of this our Cuntrey, from the Tyrrany and Thraldome of Strangears, as God (all affift us. How we be abill to accomplifche thefe Premifes, is to us unknawin ; onely our Hope is gude that he that hath begun this gude Work in us, and hath by his Power to this Hour confounded the Faces of our Adverfaries, will per- forme the fame to his Glory, whiche cheifly we feik in this our Interpryis : Be- caus we fuppois, that nether our prefent Danger, nether yit the warlyik Prepa- ratioun, whiche France makethe againft us, be hid from yow nor the Counfaill, we omit that Parte. As twitching the Affurance of a perpetuall Amity to ftand betwix thefe two Realmes; as no erthely Thing of us is more defyred, (b crave we of God to mak us the Inftruments, by whiche this unnaturall De- bait whiche long hathe continewed betwix us, may once be compofed, to the Prayfe of God's Name, and to the Comfort of the Faythfull in both Realmes. And if your Wifdomes can foirfie and advyfe the Meanis and AfTurances, how the fame may be brocht to pafs, perfwaid yourfelfis, not onely of our Con- fents and Affiftance, bot alfo of our Conftancy, as Men may promeis, to our Lyves End ; yea, and farder of a Chairge and Comandment, by us to be left to our Pofterit}', that the Amity betwix us, in God contracted and begun, may be by thame keiped inviolat for ever. As for the revolting from y6w to france^ whiche yow feim to feir and fufpefl, at thair PlefTour ; we utterly adhore that Infidelity ; for now doeth the Voice of God continewally found in our Earis, That fuche as prophane the terrlbill and feirfull Name of our Gody fall not efchape Vengeance. Our Confederacy, Amity and League (all not be lyik the Pa«ftiouns maid be warldly Men, for warldly Profeit j bot as we require it for God's Caus, fo will we incall his Name for the Obfervatioun of the fame. Moreover, if we fbuld laik any Thing to temporall Comodity, yit fould we never have Occafioun to return to thame ; for we now feill and perceave the Weight of thair Yock, and intendis, be the Grace of God, to cut away fuche Inflruments, as be quhome befoir this Realme was abufed. Trew it is, that as yit we have maid no Mentioun of ony Change in Authority, nether yit ar we mynded to do ony fuche Thing, till extreme NecelTity compell us thareto. Bot feing it is more then evident, that France and the Quein Regent heir, withhir Freirts, pretend nothing bot the fupprefTmg of Chrifi's Evangell, the Ruyne of us, and the Subverfioun of this pure Realme ; comitting our Innocency to God, and to the Jugement of all godly and naturell Men, we ar determinat to feik the nixt Remedy, in whiche we hairrly defyre your Counfaill and AflTi- fiance. And this far we have interpryfit, to mak yow participant of our Pur- pois ; becaus in the faid Letter, yow required of the faid Mr, Khkcaldie fum farther Affurance then his awn Word or Wrytting, whiche we dout not bot ye fall fchortely receave from mo than from us. We dar no haiftely mak the haill Afl'embly, nether of Lords, nether of Barrones, privy in this Cais, for Dangeris that may enfew, by Pollicy and Craft of the Adverfaries ; your Wifdomes, we dout not, will comnunicat thefe onely, with fuche as yow knaw Favourers of fuche ane godly Conjunftioun. It fould muche helpe in our Lib. 111. of Rci:gwiin in ScOXX^LWd. 209 ourOpinioun, if the Preicheoiirs bothe in Perfwafioun and publift Prayeris ("as ours do heir) wald commend the lam unto the Pepill. And thus, efter our humbill Comendatioun to the Quein's Majefty, quhois Rigne we ddyre to be profperous and lang, to the Glory of God, and Comtorteof his Chuiche we hairtly comit yovv to the Proteftioun of the Omnipotent. * Trom Edinburgh^ the 17. of Julii if;g. With this our Letter, Joh/e Knox wrote two, ane to the (aid Secretary and ane uther to the Queinis Majefty hirfeU; in Tenour as efter follows. * Johne Knox l:is fecund Letter to Mr. CicilJ, for Deliverance of ane uther to tht ^tein of Ingland. With my humbill Comendation, pleis yow Sir, to deliver this uther Letter incloifed to the Quein's Grace. It contineth in few and in fimple words my ConfelTioun, quhat I think of hir Authority, how it is juft, and quhaC may mak it odious in God's Prefens. I heir that thare is a Confutatioun feC furth in Print, againft The firft Blaft. God grant, that the Wryttar have' no more focht the Favours of this prelent Eftait, no les the Glory of God and the ftabili Comodity of this Cuntrey, then did he, quho interpryfit in that BM., to utter his Confcience. Quhen I (all hzye Tyme Cwhiche now is fumquhat precious unto me) to perufe that Work, I will communicat my Tugement with yow. The Tyme is now. Sir, that all that eyther thrift Chrift Jelus to rigne in this Ylle,or yit the Hairts of the Inhabitantis of the fame, to be joyned togither in Love unfayned, aucht rather to ftudy, how the fame micht be brocht to pas, than vanely to travell for the Manteinance of that, quhareof al- ready we have fein the Danger, and felt the Smart. If the moft Parte of "Women be wicked, and fuche as willingly we wald not (buld rigne over us : And if the maift Godly, and fuche as have rare Graces be yit mortal] we ought to tak Heid, leift in eftablifcheing one judged Godly and pro(itabIe to hir Cuntrey, we mak ane Entres and Titill to many, of quhome not onely fall the Truthe be impugned, bot alfb fall the Cuntrey be brocht in Bondage. God give yow, and uther Favourers of your Cuntrey, Eyes to foirfie and* Wifdome to avoyd the Dangeris appeiring. By divers Letteris, I have required Licence to have vifite the northe Fartis of hgiand^bot as yit I have receaved no favourabill Anfwer. The lone- er. Sir, that it be delayed, the les Comfort fall the Faythful! thare receave the weaker fall the Quein's Grace be. If I war not to hir Grace ane un- fayned Freind, I wald not inftantly beg (uche Liberty, whiche to me I knaw fall neyther be prc(itable, nor pleiling in the Flefche. The Eftait of Thingis heir comoun, I dout not ye knaw : Sum Things I have (as oft I have writtin) quhilk gladly I wald communicate, whiche I mynd not to ccmic to Paper and Ink ; find thairfoir the Means,that I may (peik with (liche one as yow will credite in all Thingis. lie Grace of the Lord Jefus reft with yow. I hairtly befeche yow, to have my Service humbly commended to the Quein's Grace j adding, That quhofoever makethe me odious to hir G/ace,(eik- 2 I o "The Hijlorie of the Rcformatioun Lib. III. ethe (limquhat befyids the Glory of God, and hir Graces Profperity j and thare- foir cannot be aflured and unfayned Freindis. From, ^c. The Letter fent be the (aide Johne^ to the Quein's Majefty of Iiighndy be- ing incloifcd in the foirlaid Mr. Cicillis Letter. To the Verteoiis and Godly Elizabethe, by the Grace of God^ ^tein of Ingland, ^c. Tohne Knox defyretbe the perpetiiall Comforts of the Holie Spirit. AS your Graces Dilplefbur againft me, moft injuftly conceaved, hes bein^ and is to my wretched Hairt a Burden greavous, and almolt intolle- rable • fb is the Teftifnony of a cleir Confcience to me a Stay and Uphald, that in Difperatioun I fink not, how vehement that ever the Tentatiounis ap- peir : For, in God's Prefens, my Confcience beirethe me Record, that mali- cioufly, nor of Purpois, I never offended your Grace, nor your Realme : And tharefoir howfbevir I be juged of Man, I am affured to be abfblved of him, who onely knaweth the Secretis of Hairtis. I cannot deny the Wrytting of a Buik againff the ufurped Authority, and injuff Regiment of Women ; nether yit am I mynded to retreit, or call back ony principall Point, or Propofuioun of the fame, till Treuthe and Verity do farther appeir. Hot quhy that either your Graice, or yit Ony fuche as unfaynedlye favour the Liberty of Ingland, be offended at the Author of fuche a Worke, I can perceave no juft Occafioun. For firft., My Buik tuitched not your Graices Perfbne in fpeciall, neytlier yit is it preiudiciall to any Liberty of the Realme, gif the Tyme of my Writting be inditferently confidered. How culd I be Enemy to your Graices Perfbne, for Deliverance quhareof I did more fludy, and interpryfe farther then ony of thois that now accuis me ? And, as concerning your Regiment, how could, or can I invy that ? whiche mofl I have thrifted, and for the whiche ( as Oblivioun will futfer ) I render Thankis unfaynedly unto God, that is, 'T'hat it hith pletfit htm of his eterneUGi4dnes.,to emit your Heade (^whiche fumtymes was in Danger^ to the Manifeftatidimof his Glorie^andExtirpatiom of Idolatry. And as for my Offence, whiche I have comitted againft Ingland^ eyther in wrytting that or ony urher Worke, I will not refuis, that moderat and indifferent Mea iuge and defcerne betwix me and thois that accuis me, to wit., quhither of the Parties do moft Hurt to the Liberty of higland. I that afiirme, That no Wo- man may he exalted over ony Reahne, to mak the Libert'te of the fame thrall to ct Jtrange^ proud and cruell Natioim ; or, they that aprove quhatfoevir pleifes Princes for the Tyme- If I wer alfweill difpoifed to accufe, as fum of thame CtQ thair awn Schame) have declaired thamefelfis ; I nothing douf, bot that in few Wordis I fall lat reflbnabill Men underftand, that fome that this Day lawely crouche to your Grace,and labour to mak me odious in your Eyes, did, in your Adverfitie, nether fchaw thamefelfis faythfull Freindis to Grace,nether yit fb loving and cairfull over thair awn native Cuntrey, as they wald be c- fteimed. Bot omitting the Accufatioun of otheris, for my awn Purgatioun, and your Graices Satisfa6lioun, I fay, That nothing contained in my Buik, is nor can be prejudicial! to your Graces juft Regiment, provyding that yow be not fund ingrate unto God, ingrate yow fall be proven, in the Prefence of his Throne f howfbevir that Flatterars juftifie your Faftioun) if yow transfer the Glory of that Honour, whiche ye now ftand in, to any urher Thing, then to the Difpenfaiioun of his Mercy, whiche onely makethe that lawful! to your Graice, Lib. III. of Kdigtoim in Scotland. 211 Graicc, whiche Nature and Law dcnyethe to all Women. Nether wald I, that your Grace lould feir, that this your Htmiliatioun befoir Gcd Ichculd in ony Cais infirme or waikin your Graces juft and lawfuii Authority befoir Men. Nay, Madame, fuchc imfayned Confeflioun ot God's Btnefites receaved fall be the Eftablilchtment ofthe Irme, not onely to yourftlf, hot al(b to your Seid and Pofterity: Where contrarywyfe, a proud Conccate and Elevatioun of yourfelf, fall be the Occafioun, that your Rigne fall be unftabill, troublefum and fchorte. God is Witneft, that unfaynedly I both love and reverence your Grace • yea, I pray, that your Rigne may be long, profperous and quiet, and that for the Quietnes, which ChnfVs Membcris, befoir perfecuted, have receaved under yow. Bot if I fbuld flatter your Grace, I wer no Freind, hot a deceavable Tra- tour ; and rharefore of Confcience I ame compelled to fay. That nether the Confent of People, the Proces of Tyme, nor Multitude of Men, can efkblifche a Law whiche God fall approve j bot quhatfbevir he approvethe by his eter- nell Word, that fall be approved, and quhatfbevir he condamneth, fall be con- damned, thoch all Mtn in Earthe wald hafard the Juf^ificatioun of the fame. And tharefore, Madame, the onely W^ay to refein and keip thefe Benefites of God, aboundandly of iait Days poured now upoun yow and upoun your Re- alme, is unfaynedly to rander unto God, to his Mercie, and undelerved Grace, the wholl Glory of this your Exaltatioun : Forget your Birthe and Ty- till whiche thearupoun doth hing ; and confidder deiply. How for feir of your Lyfe yow did declyne from God, and bow to Idolatry. Let it not appeir ane fmall Offence in your Eyis, that yow have dcclynit from Chrift Jefus, in the Day of his Battell. Nether yet wald I that ye fbuld erteim that Mercie to be vulgare and comoun whiche yow have receaved, to mt, that God hath covered your former Offence, hathe preferved yow when yow war moft un- thankfull ; and in the end, hes exaltit and rayfit yow up, not onely from the Dull, bot alfb from the Ports of Deyth, to rulle above his People, for the Comfort of his Kirk. It apperteinethe to yow tharefore, to ground the Tu- ftice of your Authority, not upoun that Law, whiche from Yeir to Yeir doethe change, bot upoun the efemell Providence of him, who, contrair to Nature and without your delcrving, harhe this exaltit your Heid. If thus in Gods Pretence ye humbill your felf, as in my Hairt I glorifie God for that refl grantit to his sfTlifted Fleck within hgJavd^ under yow a waik Inftrument - (o will I withToung and Pen jurtifie your Authoritie and Regiment as the Holie Ghofl hathe juflificd the fame in Dehra^ that blefCt Mother in Ifrael. Bot gif the Premifes (as God forbid) neglectit yow fall begin to brag of your Birthe, and to build your Aufloritie and Regiment upoun your awn Law (flatter yow who fo liitj your Felicitie fail be fchorte. Interprete my rude "Words in the beff Parte, as writtin be him, who is no Enemie to your Grace. By divers Letters I have requirit Licence to vifite your Realme, n6t to feik myfelf, nether yet my awn Eas or Commoditie ; whiche geve ye nrw refuis arri deny, I nruft remit my Caus to Gcd, adding this for CcrclLfioun that ccmounly it is fein, That juche as refuis the Cov.r.jaUl of the faythfidl (ap- feir It i.tvir fo Jclrairpe) ar ccwfellit to jollcfw the Deceate of Flatteieris to thair aiiin Perditiom, The michty Spirit of the Lord Jefus move 3ciir H?irt to underftand quhat is faid, gif unto yow the Difcretioun of Spirits, and fo reull yew in all your A6tiouns and Interpryfis, that in yew God msy he g'rrifeir his Rirk edifeir, and yow your felf, as a lively Member of the fame, may be G S s 2 an 212 The Hijhrie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. an Example of Vertue and godly Lyfe to all uthers. So be it. O^ Edinhmgti the 28. Day oijid'n IJ59. Thir Letters war direflit to Alesdnder ^ihythw^ a Man that oft fees hia- xardit himfelf, and all that he had, for the Caus of God, and for his Freinds bein"' in Danger for the fame Caus. Within a Day or twa efter the Depar- ture of the laid Alexander^ thare come a Letter fra Sir Harie Perde to Johne Knox requyring him to mete him at Anwick the thrid of Augitft^ for fuche Affairs as he wald not write nor yet comunicat with ony, bot with the faid Jolme himfelf Quhill he was preparing himfelf for his Jurney ffor Secretary Cicill apointed to have met him at Stamfourd) the Frenchemen came furioufly *|t|| forthe ofDmithar, of Purpois to have fuppryfit the Lords being in Ed'inhurghe, as ia the fecund Buik before is declared, quhilk f^ayit the Jorney of the faid Johney till that God had delivered the Innocents from that grit Danger, and then was he, having in his Cumpany, Mr. Robert HaimUtoun Minifter of the Evangell of Tefus Chrifl, direfted fi-om the Lords, with full ComifTioun and Inftrucliouns to expone thare haill Cais and Eflait quharein they ftude. Thair Paflage v/as from Pettinweim by Sey ; they arryvit at HoUe-iland^ and being adverteifit that Sir Hark Percie was abfent from the Northe ; they addreltit thamefelfis to Sir "James Croftis^ then Captane of Berwick, and Wardane of the Eifi-merches of higknd. They fchew unto him thair Credite and Com- miffioun • he receaved thame gently, and comfortit thame with his faythfull Counfaill whilk was, That thay fbuld travell no farther, nouther yet fbuld *hey be fein in publi6l, and that for divers Confideratiouns. Firft, The Quene Regent had hir Efpyellis in higland. Secmdlie, The Quene and the Counfaill that favourit our Aclioun, wald that all Things fbuld be fecrete fa lang as they micht. And laft, (faid hej I think it not expedient, that in fick Ra- retie of Freicheours, ye twa be ony lang Tyme abfent from the Lords. And tharefbre (faid he) ye fall do befl to comit to wrytting your haill Mynd and Credite, and I f^U promeis to yow upoun my Honour, to have Anfwer at yow, and at the Lords agane, before that ye yourfelfis can be at Londom. And quhare that your Letters cannot expres all Things fb fullie, as your Pfe- (ence culd, I fall fupplie the fame, not onelie be my Fen, bot alfb be my awn Frefens, to fick as will informe the Confaill fufficiently of all Things. The faid Johne and Mr. Kohert followit his Counfaill (for it was faythfull and proceidit of Love at that Tyme ;) they taryed with him verie fecreitly within the Caf^ell of Berwu-k two Days. In quhilk Tyme returnit Alexander ^ihyt- law foirfaid, with Anfwer to the Lords,and to Maifter A/zox TheTennour of quhilk Letter was this. Maijier Cicillis Letter to Johne Kndx. Maifter Knox, I' \jOn e(i mafculus neque fcemina, bmnes emm iut ait Patilus) unum fumm i» ■/V Chri/tH Jefu: Benedi^us vir qui confidit in Domino, & erit Dominus fi- ducia ejus. I have receavit your Letters, at the fame T>me that I thocht to have fein yourfelf about Stampfourd. Quhat is now hitherto the Caus of of your let, I knaw not. I forbeir to difcend to the Bottome of Things, untill I may confer with fuche one as yow are. And tharefor gif your Chance >^ ■^^— ■ ■ I ■■ I IB. III. of Rcl>gioii?i i?i Scothnd. 213 Chance fall be hcircftcr to cum hither. I wifche yovv furnifchcd with goode Crcdite, and Fower, to mak goode Rc(()Iurioun. Althocht my Anfwer to the Lords of the Congrcgatioun be liimquhar obfcure, yet upoun farther Undcrrtanding yow fall find the Mater plain. I ncid to wifche yow no more Prudence then Gods Grace, quhareof God fend yow plentic. And Co 1 end. From Oxford the 2S. Sic fubfcribitur, Youris as a Member of the ftmeBodie in Chrirt, M. CICILL. Albeit the faid Johie receavlt this Letter at Berwick^ yet wald he anfwer rathing till that he had fpkin the Lords quhonie he fand at Strhiling, and unto quhome he deiiverit the Anfwer fcnt from the Counftill of Bigland (for Alexander .^id'ytkvj tuk Seiknes betwix Ber'u:'ick and Ed'mburghe^ and was IB. III. of Kcliglcnn in Scotland. 2 1 5 Adverteifment come firft to Gld/lioiv by the Means of the Maifter of Maxiv:'U. Quhilk red and confiddcrit be the J.ords, Conchifioun was tane that they Could meic at Carkit/y zpd that was the I'locurement of the faid Maimer ofMivxell for his Eas. Heirupoun war Letters direclit fra the Lords I3 ing in Gl a fgowj to Lord Jiimefj requiring him with all poflibill Expeditioun to repair towards thame, for the Purpois foirfaid. Quhilks Letters red and advyfit iipoun, Con^i- mandment was gcvin to Johie Kiios to mak the Anfwer. For Co it was apoint- ed at the Divifioun of the faid Lords, that he CoxAd Anfwer for the Parte of thame that war in Fyif; and Mr. Hein'te Bjlnaias for the Parte of thame tliat abaid at GUfgo-jo. The laid "Jolne Knox anfwerit as followes. I0 the Lord Duik's Gra'uey and tie Lordis at Glafgow* EFter humill Commcndntioun of my Service: Albeit I have writtin ofter nor anes to Mr. Henrie B.iliiaz'cis^ quhat Things heve miflykit me in your flaw Proceidings, afweill in fupporting your Brcthrein, quha mony Days have lufteined extreim Dangers in thefe Parts, as in making Provifioun how the Enemy mycht have bene anoyit, quho lay in few Numbers, neir to your Quarters in Strhiling. And in making lykwys Provifioun, how the Expefta- tioun ofyourFreinds fwho lang have awairit one your Anfwer) mycht have bene (atisfeif. Albeit, I (ay, that of thefe Things I have befoir complainit, yet, of very Conscience, I ame compellit to fignifie unto your Honours, that unlfis ot thir and uther Inormities I fall efpy llim Redres, I ame afllircd, that the End fall be fick, as godly Men fall miirne, that a gude Caus fall perifche for lacke of Wifdome and Deligence. In my lafl: Letters to Mr. Henrie Bahiaveis, I declairit, That your elpeciall Frcinds in/;2j/d«^ wonderir, that na gritter Expeditioun is maid, the Wechte of the Matter being confid. derit. If the Fait be in my Lord Ducke and his Freinds, I wrate al(b, that the gritteft Lois wa!d be his and tliares in the End. And now I cannot ceis,bothe to wonder and lament, that your haill Counfaill was Co deflitute of Wifdome and Difcreatioun, as to charge this pure Man, the Pryour, to cum to yow to Glafgo'-j)^ and thairefter to go to Carle'dl^ for fick Atiaires as ar to be intreated. Was thare nane amongs yow that did foirfie quhat Inconve- niences mycht infew his Abfence from thir Partis? I ceis to fpeik of the Dangers in the Enemy. Your Freinds iiave lyne in the Firthe now fyfcein Days bypal^ (quhat was thair formar Travel! is not unknawn) they have ne- vir recevit Comforte of ony Man (him onely exceptitj mair tlian thay had lyne upoun the Coafl of thair Mortall Enemy. Do ye not confiddcr, that fick a Cumpany fall neid Comfort and Provificun from Tyme to Tyme ? Re- move him, and quho abydethc that cairfully will travell in that or in ony uther wechty Matters in thir Parts ? Did ye not farder ccnfidder. That he had begun to medle with the Gcntilmen, q-ho had declairit thamefelfis Un- freinds heirtofore ; and alio that Ordour \va!d have bene tane with fick as hes bene ncutrell ; now be Refibun of his Abfence, the one fall efchape without Admonitioun, and the other fall be at thair former Liberty. I ame afTured, that the Enemie fill not flip, nether in that, nor in uther Affaires, to under- mynd yow and your haill Caus, and fpecially to hurt this Parte of the Cun- treye, to revenge thair former Folly. If narie of thir formar Caufcs lould have moved yow to have confiddcrit, that fick a Jorney, at fick Tyme, was not meit for him, ncyther yet for thame that muft accumpany him: Yet H h h s dii: 2l6 The Hijiorie of the Rejormatkun Lib. III. difcrete Men wald have confidderir, that the Men that have lyne in thajr Tackis, and travellit thair Horfes continewally the Space of a Monethe, re- quirit fum langer reft, bayth to thamefelfis, hot efpecially to thair Horfes, before they had bene chargit to fick a Jorney, then yet thay have had. The Pryour may for Satisfa6tioun of your unreflbnabill Mynds, interpryis the Pur- pois ; bot I ame allured, he fall not he abill to have fex honeft Men in all Fyif to accumpany him ; and how that outher ftands with your Honours, or with his Saifcy, juge ye your felfis. Bot yet wonder it is, that ye did not confidder, to quhat Fane and Fafchery (all ye put your Freinds of Inghnd, efpecially the Duck o{ Northfolk and his Counfail!, quhome ye fall caus to travell the maift wearifoum and tafcheous Gait that is in ail Liglaud. In my Opinioun, quho(bevir gave yow that Counfaill, outher wantit rycht Jugement: in Things to be done, or ells had over mekill refpeft to his awn Eafe, and overfmall Regard to the Travell and Danger of thair Brethrein. A comoun Gaus requiris a comoun Concurrence, and that every Man beir his Bur- thein proportionably. Bot proudent and indifferent Men efpy the contrary in this Caus, efpecially of lait Days ; for the waikeft ar moft greavoufly chargit, and thay to quhome the Matter maift belangs, and to quhome juft- ly gritteft Burdein is dew, ar exeimit in a maner, bayth fra Travell and Ex- f enles. To fpeik the Matter plainly, wys Men wonder quhat my Lord Duckes Freinds do meane, that they ar fa flake and backward in this Caus. In uther Acliouns they have bene juged ftout and ford ward, and in this, quhilk is the gritteft that evir he or they had in hand, they apeir deftitute bayth of Grace and Curage, I ame not ignorant that thay that ar maift in- ■wart of his Counfaill, ar Enemies to God, and tharefore cannot bot be Ene- mies to his Caus. But wonder it is, That he and his uther Freinds fbuld not confidder, that the Tinfell of this godly Interprys, fall be the ruitting out of thame and thair Poftericy fra this Realme. Confiddering, my Lords, that by God's Providence ye ar joynit with the Duckes Grace in this comoun Caus, admonifche him planely of the Danger to cum ; will him to beware ' of the Counfaill of thame that ar planely infeftit withe Superftitioun, with Pryde, and with the Vennome of particular Profeit : Quhilk gif he do not at your Admonitioun, he fall fmarte before he be ware. And gif ye ceis to put him in mynd of his Dewty, it may be that for your Silence ye fall drink film Portioun of the Plague with him. Tak my plane fpeiking, as proceid- ing from him that is not your Enemie, being alfo uncertane, quhen I fall have Occafioun to wryte heirefter. God the Father of our Lord Jefiis Chrift afTift yow with the Spirit of Wifciome and Fortitude,that to his Glory, and to your Lordfhips and our comoun Comforte, ye may performe that Thing quhilk godly anes was begun. Amen. From St. Andro'ts the 6th of Sic fubfcribitur, Februare in haift i^;9. Your Graces to comand in Godlincs. JOHNE KNOX. Upoun the Receat of this Letter, and Confultatioun had thairupoun, new Conclufioun was tane, to wit, That they wald vifite the faid Duke of Norff:>- folk at Bermcky quhare he was. Thus far have we degrefTit from the Styll ©f Lib. III. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 217 of the Hiftory, to lar the Pofterity that fall follow undedbnd, by quhat Inrtru- merits God vvrocht ihe Familiarity and Freindfchip that cfttr we find in In"' land. Now we return to our former Hiltory. The Pairtis of Fyfe^ fet at Fredome from the Bondage of thofl- bluidy Wormes, folemnc Thankis wer gevin in San(3 Androis unto God for his mychty Deliverance. Schort efter the Erie of Anane., and Lord James an. prchended the Lairds of Weimis^ SeifeiU^ Balgorte^ Bur'ie^ and utheris that adiftit the Freuche ; hot they war fet fchortely at Fredome, upoun fick Condi- tiounis as they myndit nevir to keip, for fick Men have nouther Fayth nor Honeftie. Mr. James Balfour^ quho was the gritteft Practeifer, ^nd had drawin the Band of the Balfours efchaipit. The Inglis Schipis dayly multipleir till that thay war abill to keip the haill Firthc, quhareat the Fievche and Quene Regent enraged, began to execute thair Tyrrany upoun the Parts of Lauthiane that lay neir to EJmburgh. Let Mr. Bavid Bortlmick W'ifnes quhat Favours his Wyfe and Place ot /^W///oh« fand of the Freuche^ for all the Service that he had made to the Quene Regent. In the midds of Februare wer direfted to higlaiid^ from the Duiks Grace and the Congregatioun, the Lord James, the Lord Ruthveri, the Maifter of J'i'!ax-jjell, the Maifter of Lmdefay, Mr. Henne Balnaveis, and the Laird of Phtano^ quho, with thair honeft Cumpanies and Comiflioun, departit by Sey all, except the Maifter of j*l/(7x-af//, to Beiwifk; quhare thare met thame the Duke ot'Norilrfolk, Lieuetenent to the Quenes Majef^y of hghnd, and with him a grit Cump;:ny of the Gentilmen of the Northe, with (um al/b of the Scuthe, haveing full Power to contract with the Nobility of Scotland as that they did, upon fick Conditiouns as in the lame Contract ar Ipecifeit. And becaus we have hard the malicious Tounges of wicked Men mak fals Report of that our Faft, we have faythfully and trewly infertit in this our Hiftory the faid Central, alfweill that quhilk was maid at Leythe, during the Seige as that qihilk firft was maid at Berwick, that the Membry thareof may abyde to our Pofterity,to the End that they may judge with Indiflrerency,quhidder that we have done ony Thing prejudiciall to our Comoun-wealthe, or yit contra- rious unto that detfullObedience,quhilk'trew Subjefts aucht to thairSuperiours quhais Authority aucht to defend and manteine the Liberty and Fredome of the Realmes comitted to thair Charge, and not to opprefs and betray the fame to Strangears. The Tenour of our Contract follows. 'The Contra^ maid at Berwick. yjMES, Duck of Chattellaranh, Erie of Arave, Lord HaumUtoim, fecund J Perfoun of the Realme of Scotland, and apeirand Air to the Crown, the Counfaill, Nobility, and principall Efiaites of the fame ; to all and fundry to quhais Knawlege thir Prefents fall cum, Greiting. We have weiil confid- derit, and be fully 'perfwaidit, in quhat Danger, Defolatioun and Mifery the lang Inemity with the Kingdome of higland hes brocht our Cuntrey heirto. tore: How welthie and flurifching it fall becum, if thefe two Kin^domes as they be joyned in one Hand, by Creatioun of the World, fo may be knit in one conflant and afTured Freindfchip. Thefe Confidderatiouns groundit upoun a maift infallibill Treuthe, aucht no les to have moved our Progeni- tours and Foirfathers then us. Bot the prefent Dangeris hanging over our I i » Heids, 2 1 8 The Hiftorie of the Re/ormatioun L i b. III!; Heids by the injuft dealling of thois, of quhome we have always beft de- (ervit,' hes caufic us to wey thame moir erneftly then they did. The Mif- behaviour of the frenche Minifters heir hes of lait Yeirs bene (a grit ; the Oppreflioun and Cruelty of the Souldiours, the Tyrrany and Ambitioun of thair Superiours and ReulSrs, (b greavous to the Pepill ; the violent Sub- verfioun of our Liberty, and Conqueis of the Land, quhareat they have by moft crafty and fubtill Means continewally preaflir, fb intoUerabill to us all, that at laft, quhen we culd not obtein the Redres be humbill Sutes, and er- ncft Supplicatiouns prefentit to the Quene Dowager^ quho bothe for Dewties Saik and Place fche did occupy, aucht to have bene maift cairfull of our Eftaif • we have bene by very Necefiity conftrayned, not onely to aday our awn Forces, bot alfb to implore the Quenes Majefties of Eyigland'?, Ayd and Support, quhilk hir Majeftie hes maift gentillie granted, upoun certane Cove- nantes fpecified in ane Treaty paft at Berwick^ betwix the Duck of North- folkis his gude Grace Lieuetenent for hir Majefty one that ane Parte, and certane our Comiflionars one that other Parte. Quhareof the Tenour follows. At Berwick the twentie (evin Day oiFebruare, the Yeir ofour Lord God One thoufand fyve hunder fyftie and nyne Yeirs ; It is apointed, and finallie con- traced, betwix the nobill and michtie Prince, Thomas Duke of No)thfo% Erie Merfirhell of England^ and Lieutenent to the Quenes moft excellent Maje- fty of the fnid Realme in the Northe, in the Name and Behalf of hir Hienes one the ane Parte, and the Richt Honorabill Lord James Stewart (now Erie of Murray) Patr'tck Lord Ruthven^ Sir Johne Max^iaeH of Teregles Knycht, WtU liam Mahland oC Letbingloun younger, Johne fVifchart oiiPittarrow, and Mr. Uenrie Balnaveis of Halhil/f in Name and Behalf of ane NobiU and Michtie Prince James, Duck ofChattellerauh, fecund Perfbne of the Realme of Scot' landy and the remanent Lords of his Parte, joyned with him in this Caus, for the Menteinance and Defence of the ancient Rychts and Liberties of thair Cuntrey one the uther Parte, in Forme as heirefter followis: That is to fay. That the Quenes Majefty haveand fufficiently underftude, alfweill by Infor- matioun fent from the Nobility of Scotland^ as by the Proceidings of the Frenche, that they intend to conqueir the Realme of Scotland, fupprefs the Liberty thareof, and unite the fame unto the Crown of France perpetually, contrair to the Laws of the fame Realme, and the Paftis, Othis, and Promi- fes of France. And being thareto maift humilly and earneftly required by the faid Nobility ; for, and in the Name of the haill Realme, fall accepte the faid Realme of Scotland, the faid Duck of Chattellerault being declared by A61 of Parliament in Scotland to be Heire appeirand to the Crown thare- of, and the Nobility and Subjects thareof^ info hir Majefties Protectioun and Manteinance, onely for Prefervatioun of the fame in thair auld Fredomes and Liberteis, and from Conqueift, during the Tyme that the Mariage fall continew betwix the Quene of Scottis and the Frenche King, and one Yeir efter : And for expelling out of the famyn Realme of fuch as prefently and appeirandly goethe about to prafteis the faid Conqueift, hir Majefty fall with all fpeid fend into Scotland a convenient Ayd of Men of Warre oh Horfe and Fute, to joyne with the Power of Scottifmen, with ArtaiIzery,Munitioun, and all uther Inftruments of Warre meit for thePurpois, alfweill by Sey as by Land,and not onely to expell the prefent Power of Frenche within that Realme oppreiTing the fame, bot alfo to ftof)e, als ftr as conveniently may be, all gritter Lib. III. of Re/igioim in Scotland. 21^ gritter Forces of Fretuhe to enter tharein, for the lyk Purpois; and fall con- tinew hir Majefties Ayd to the (aid Realme, Nobility, and Subje(?Js of the fame, unto the Tyme the Frembe (being Enemies to the (aid Realme ) be utterly expellit thence ; and fall nevir tranfaft, compone, nor agrie with the French, nor conclude any League with thame, except the Scottis and the Freth-be (all be agreit, that the Realme of Scotland may be left in ane dew Fredome by the Frenches nor fall leave the Manteinancc of the faid Nobility and Subjefts, quhareby they micht fall as ane Fraye into thair Enemies Hands, as lang as they fall acknawlege thair Soverane Lady and Quenc, and fall indevour thamefelfis to mantene the Liberty of thair Cuntrey, and the E- ftait of the Crown of Scotland. And if in cais any Forts or Strenths within the Realme be wone out of the Hands of the Frencbt at this prefent or at any Time heirefter by hir Majefties Ayd, the fame fall be immediatly demo- hfched by the Scott'tfmen, or delivered to the faid Duck and his Party foir(aid at thair Optioun and Ghois ; nether fall the Power of England fortifie withiii the Ground of ScotLwd, being out of the Bounds of England, but by the Ad- vyis of the faid Duck, Nobility, and Eftaits of Scotland. For the quhilk Caufes, and in refpeft of hir Majefties moft gentill Clemency, and liberall Support, the faid Duck, and all the Nobility, alfweill fick as be now joyned as fuche as fall heirefrer joyne with him, for Defence of the Liberty of that Realme, fall to the uttermoft of thair Power, ayd and fupport hir Majefties A my againft the Frenche and thair Partakers, with Horfmen and Futcmen and with Viftuellis, by Land and by Sey, and with all maner of uther Ayde* to the beft of thair Power, and fb fall continew dureing the Tyme that hir Majefties Army fall remane in Scotland, Item, They fall be Enemies to all fuche Scottifmen and Frenche, as fall itl onywayes fchaw thamefelfis Enemies to the Realme of England, for the ayd- ing and fupporting the fiid Duke and Nobilitie, to the Deliverie of the Re- alme of Scotland Irom Conqueft. Item, They fall nevir afTent nor permit, that the Realme of Scotland fall be conquered, or knit to the Croun of Frame, than it is at this prefent uther- wife onely Marriage of the Quein thair Soverane to the Frenche King, and by iheLawis and Liberties of the Realme, as it aucht to be. Item, In cafe the Frenchmen fall at ony Tyme hareafter invaid, or caus be invaided the Realme of England, they fall furneis the Number of two hun- drethe Horfmen, and ane rhoufand Futemen, at the leift, or fuch Parte of ey- ther of thame, at the Choice of the Queins Majeflie of England ; and fall conduft the fam to pas from the Bordears of Scotland nixt England, upoun hir Majefties Chairges, to ony Parte upoun the Realme of England, for the De- fence of the fam. And in cafe the Invafloun be upoun the Northe Partes of England, on the Northe Parte of the Water of 7yne, towardes Scotland^ or againft Berwick, on the Northe Syde of the Water of Timeed, they fall con- vene and gather thair haill Forces upoun thair awn Chairges, and fall joyne ■with the Enghjcbe Power, and fall continew in gude and erneft Purfuit of the Quarrell of England, dureing the Spaice of threttie Dayis, or fo muche longer as they war accuflomed to remane in the Fields for the Defence of Scotland, at the Ccmandment of thair Soveranes, at ony Tyme bypaft. And alio the Erie of ulrgyll. Lord Juftice of Scotland, being prefently joyned with the faid Duke, fall employ his Force and gude Will, quhare he fall be re- quyred be the Queins Majeftie to reduce the Northe Partes of Ireland lo the I i i 2 per- 220 The Ht/iorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. pertyte Obedience of England^ conforme to ane mutuall and reciproque Con- tra6l to be maid betwix hir Majefties Lieutenant, or Depute of Ireland be- ine for the Tyme, and the faid Erie; quharein fall be conteined quhat he fall do for his Parte, and quhat the faid Lieutenent, or Depute, fall do for his Support, in cafe he fall have to do with James Mackoiiell^ or ony uthers of the Ifles of Scotland^ or Realme of Ireland: For Performance and fure IjeJping quhareof, they lall for thair Parte enter to the forfaid Duke of Northforlk the Pledges prelently named by him, befor the Entrie of hir Ma- iefties Army within Scotland, to remane in England for the Space of (ex Monthes and to be exchanged upoun Deliverance of new Hoftages, of lyke or als gude Conditiouns as the former; or being the lawfuU Sones, Brethrein, or Aires of ony ot the Erles, or Barrones of Parliament, that have, or hareaf ter iall Ichaw thamefelfis and perfift oppin Enemies to the Frenche in this Quarrell, and fb furth from fex Monthes to fex Monthes, or four Monthes to four Monthes, as fall beft pleis the Parte of Scotland. And the Tyme of the Continewance of the Hoflages fall be dureing the Marriage of the Queia of Scottis to the Frenche King, and one Yeir efter the DifTolutioun of the fam Marriage, untill farder Ordour may be had betwix both the Realmes for Peace and Concord. And furthermore the faid Duke, and all the Nobilitie, being Erles and Barrones of the Parliament, joyned with him, ^11 fubfcryve and (eill thefe Artickles and Countes, within the Spaice of twentie or thertie Days at the mtermofl, nixt following tlie Day of the Delivery of the (aids Hoflages ; and fall alfo procure and perfwade all uthers of the Nobility that fall joyne thamefelfis hareafter with the faid Duke, for the Caufes above fpecified, lyk- wayes to fubfcryve and feill thefe Artickles, at ony Tyme efter the Spaice of twentie Days efter thair Conjunftioun, upoun Requifitioun maid be thame one the Party of the Queins Majel^ie of Ingland. And finally the faid Duke, and Nobility joyned with him, certainly per- ceaving, that the Queins Majeftie of Ingland is thareunto moved onely upoun Refpeft of princely Honour and Nichbourhood, for the Defence of the Fre- dome of Scotland from Conqueff, and not of ony uther finiffer Intent, do by thefe Prefentis teftifie and declair, That they, nor ony of thame, m^ane by this Compte to withdraw ony dew Obedience to thair Soverane Lady the Quene, nor in ony lefull Thing to withrtand the Frenche King hir Husband and Hede, rhat dureing the Marriage (all not tend to the Subverfioun, and Oppreffioun of the juft and ancient Liberties of the faid Kingdome of Scot- land ; for Prefervatioun quhareof, bothe for thair Soveranes Honour, and for the Continewance of the Kingdome in ancient Eftait, they acknawlege thamefelfis bound to fpend thair Gudes, Landes and Lyves. And for Per- formance of this prefent Contraft for the Parte of Ingland, the Queins Ma- ieftie (all confirme the fam, and all Claufes tharein conteined, by hir Letters Patentis, under the grit Seill of Ingland, to be delivered to the Nobility of Scotland, upoun the Entres of the Pledges afoirfaid within the Ground of Ingland. In Witnes quhareof, the (aid Duke's Grace of Northfolk has (ub- fcryved thir Pre(entis, and thareunto hes affixed his Seill, the Day, Yeir, and Place foirlaid. Quhilk Contraft we find hone(t, refTonabell, and that our faids CommifTiouners tharein hes confiderately refpedted to the Comoun- welthe of this Realme, of us and our Pofteritie ; and tharefor do ratifie, allow, confirme, and approve the fame, with all Claufes and Artickles thare. in Lib. III. of licligioMn iti Scotland. 221 in conteined, by thif Prcdntis. In Witnes harcof, to the (ame (ubfcryved with our Hands, our Scills of Amies, in lyke Cafes accuftnmed, ar append- ed. At the Camp foirancnt Leyi/.'y the tent Day of M.iii, ij6o Yeirs. Fol- low The Subfcriptiounes. Tiie Duke of Chanttelkrault^ Lord of San(5l Johtie^ Erie of y/r/vw, Lord J^^w of Abevbiothoke^ Erie of Huntlie,^ Lord BoyJ^ Erie of Glemarm, Lord Somuieyjeil^ Erie of Mortouu^ Lord OJ:iltne^ Erie of Rothefs, Lord Rohert Ste-xait^ 1017. Erie of MoHuteill:, Alexauder Gorcioi Erie of y/;;5^//, dvjjne HamihoHu of Kilujiiwhig^ Lord Ogilvie. "James Sie-jaart of Sanft Cotnws-inche^ Lord Bortb'tcky Abot of Kinlofs^ Lord 7<"W''^ Stewart, Abot of Culrofs. The InjiruH'tounes gevin^ fuhjcryved to the faid Commijjfioners that 'xeiit to Ber- wick, ar thir as followiis. I. ^ ND for the firft, If it fall be asked of yow be the faid Duke of J^\ NortL'folks Grace, and uthers the Queins Majcfti-s apointed Comif' fioncrs, If our Pledges be inReadinels? Ye (all anfwer. That they ar, ard in Sanft /Lidrois the 24th of this Inftant, and (all be reddy to diliver in Hn- ftages for Security of our Promele, and Parte of Contract j they oflering and making Securitie for thair Parte be the Queins Majeflies Sublcripnouri, ant grit Seill, and delivering the (am unto yow : Provyding that they chuie and mak thair EIe(5lioun of the Pledges as is convenient. 2. Secuudlie^ If the (aids ComilTioners fall demand of yow. What Inter, pryfe the Army of luglaiid fall tak upoun Hand at thair firfl coming? Ye fall anfwer, In gcncrall the Expulfioun of the Frencbe Soldiours furth of this Realme ; and firll and in Ipcciall furth of the Toun of Leyth^ (eing thair grit Fortes ar tharc. 3. Item, If it fall be asked of yow, At quhat Place our Freindes and R-e- threne of Ingland fall meit, and at quhat Day, quhat Number, and qiihar Nobillmen in Cumpany ? Ye fall refer all thefe Things to thair Eleftioun and Choife. 4. //««, If it bcis demanded of yow. How the Army fall be furn.'fched with Vic^ualls, and elpecially the Horfmen ? Ye fall anfwer, That with thair Advyfs ane fufficient Ordour fall be tane tharein. 5. hem. If it be requyred. How the Munitioun fall be carried, and Oxen furnifched to that Efleft ? Ye fall anfwer, As we have gevin in ComilTioua to Lethiiigtcun, quhilk we ratifie. 6. Item, If it fall be asked, Qulia (?ill be Lieutenent to the Army of ,51-?/- l.wd ? Ye (all anfwer. My Lord Dukes Grace. 7. Item, If it fall be inquyred, Quhat Number our haill Army extends to? Yc fall anfwer, They will (God willing^ be five thouliind Men. K. k k X, Itemy 222 The Hi ft or ie of the Kcjormatiotm Lib. III. 8. Item^ If it fijH be requyred, Quhat Maner of Way Leyth fall be aflak- ed ? Ye lail defire all Preparatiouns to be in Redines, and the Advyfs to be tane efter the placeing of Armies, and V'iew of the Strenthe fchortly. 9. Item, If it fall be asked if the Caftell of Edhihirghe, gif they will ftand Freinds or not ? Ye fall declair our Diligence maid, and to be maid fchort- Jy hareinto j but for the prefent to afTure thame of nothing. 10. Item, If it be asked, In cafe the Caftell be unfreind, quharc the Ar- my fall be placed ? Ye fall anfwer, For the firft, in Muffillmrghe and 7ra- »^«?, and thefe Partis, till the Batterie, and all the Preparaflouns be in Redines. 11. hem. In caife it beis inquyred of all Ey-lyars, and in Ipeciall of my Lord of Hautlie in the Northe } Ye fill anfwer in generall, ane gude Hope is had of the moft Parte thareof ; and twitching my Lord HmitUe in fpeciall ye flill fchaw how he has fent Wryttings to my Lord of Jrram, with ane Servand of Credit, to afTure him of his AfTiftance. And for that Caus hes de- fyred Letters of Sufpenfioun of the Quein Dowagears ComifTioun, to be fent to him, to be ufit by him in thefe Parris; and uther Letters to arreft theCler- gie Rentis and Hyres both in thefe Partes, with Froclamatiouns to caus all , Men to be in Redines to pas ford wards, for mantening of Religioun, and Expulfioun of Strangears. My Lord has wrytten to him, that he may cum to him in proper Perfbne, quhareof the Anfwer is not returned yit. 12. Item, If it fall be asked the Place and Maner of Metting of our Folkd, or of us and thame, in caie Stirling be keipt ? We refer the Anfwer hareof to your Difcretioun. 13. Item, If it fall be asked, That thair layed Money fall have Paflage for thair Viveris ? Ye fall reflbn the Comoditie and Incomoditie thareof with the Counfaill. 14. ftem. If it fall be asked. What Pioners fall be had ? Ye fall anfwer, Thair Number being exprefTed, and Mony in Redines to pay thame, they fall have Sufficiencie. 1 5. Item, If they defyre, that we declair our Caufe unto the Princes of y//- mame^ and the King of £)e}7mark, defyring thair Afli fiance ? Ye fall anfwer. That we think the tam gude, and fall fpedilie tak Ordour tharewith. 16. Item, If it fall be asked of you to confirme for us, and in our Name, the Things pafl and granted be our formar ComifTioner, the young Laird ofZ-^. th'ingtoun? Ye fall in. all Pointis for us, and m our Name, confirme the fam, lb far as it fall mait eyther for the Weill and Conjunftioun of the twa Re- almes, or this prefent Caus, or yit for the Securitie of our Parte, for the fulfilling of the famyn : And alfb ye fall accept thair Ofieris tending to the fam Fyne, and fick Securitie on that Parte, as ye may purches, and efpecially fick as we haretofir expremite. Gevin at Glafgow, the tent of February 15J9. Item, We give and grantis yow full Power to augment, or diminifche thir faids Heids and Artickles, as ye think the Weill of the Caus fall reqnyre, in all Pointis. Sic fubfcribitur, Johm of Montehhe^ Alexander Gordon^ Andrew 6f Kothefs^ Archibald Argylle, R. Boyde, Glencarne, William Murray of 'Tullyhardinj Uchiltrie, Johns Erskine of Dunj James Haliburtoim. Jamei Hamiltoun^ Schoit 1 Lib. III. cf licligictiu w Scotland. 223 Scliort efrer this Contract war our Fledges dclyvcrcd ro Mr. fr/i/ter Ad- miral of tiie Navy that came ro Scotland^ a Man of grit Honefty (b ['?.(■ as evir \vc culd dpie of him, quho war favclie convoyed to A'curj/h/i- and fo the Biglifch Army by Land began to aflemble towards the Borders • quhareof the Frembe and Qucnc Regent affured, they began to dcflroy quhac they culd in the Touns and Cuntrey about ; for the hailf Victualls they carry- cd to Leytb^ the Mylnes they brake, the Schep, Oxen and Ky, yea, and the Hors of puir Labourers, they maid all to fervp thair Tyrrany. And ^nnl/y They left nothing, quhilk the very Enemy culd have dc^yfir, exxept that they demolifched not Gentelmens Hou.es, and brunt not the Toun oC La'nj- hurgbe, in quhilk Point God brydelled thair Furie, to lat his Aftliclcd under- fiand that he tuke Care of thame. Befor the coming of the Land Army, rhe Frcncbe part to Glafgo-j) and de- ftroyed the Cuntry thareabout. Quhat Tyrrany the Mariyckis lifit' upoun a puir Scotlis Soldiour it is feirfull to hear, and yit his Faft may not be omit- ted. Silver wald they give nane fo the puir Men, and ^o war they flaw to departe of the Toun ; for albeit the Drum ffraike, the Enfenyne culd nor be gottin. Thare vvar a puir Craftilman, quho bocht for his Viftualls a gray Loafe, and was eiting a Morfel of it, and was putting the reft of it in his Bofome. The Tyrrane came to him, and with the puirCatives awin Ouhin- ger firit ftrack him on the Breilt, and efter caft it at him, and fo the^ puir Man fkkkering and falling, the merciles Tyrrane ran him throw with his Raper, and thareafter commanded him to be hanged over the Stair. Lordihcrjj wilt yit luiky and recompence feck Tyrnviie, ho'm contemptible fo evir the Per- [one "xas. The fecund of Jpiill, the Yeir of God i;5o Yelrs, the Army be Land en- tered in Scotland^ the conducting quharof wes comitted to the Lord Gray quha had in his Cump?.ny the Lord .Slv///^, S\r James Crnafts, Sir Hjrie Percie Sir FrancirLake^ with mony uther Captanes and Genrilmen, haveing Chair^e* fum of Futemen, and fum of Horfmen. The Army by Land wer^cfteimed to ten thoufand Men. The Quene Regent paf^ to the Caftell of Edinburgh^ and fum urhers of hir Factioun. At Preftoun met thame the Dukes Grace, the Erie of Af^ll, (Huntlie came not till the Siege was confirmed) Lord James, the Eries of G/encarne and Monteiibe, Lords Katbven, Boydc^Ucbihrn\ with all the Froteftantis Gentelmen of the Weft, Fyje, Angus and Mernis ; fo that for k\s Days the Army was great. Efter the Deliberatioun of two Days h"d at Ennercsk, the haill Camp merched tordvvard with Ordnance, and all Freparatiouns neceftary for the Seige, and came to Reftahig. Upoun the Palme Sonday Evin, the Frencbe hrd thamefelfis in Battell Array upoun the Links without Leytl^ and had fent furth thair Skirmifchears, quho begining befoir ten Hour-;, continewed Ikir- mifcheing till efter four H-Jurs at Efternone, quhen then was gevin upoun thame^ a Chairge by fum Horfmen of Scotland, and fum of England-, bot be- caus the principal Captane of the Horftien of England was net prefent, the haill Troupes durft not chairge, and fo was not the Overthrow and Slauchter of the Frencbe fo grit as it ones appeired to have bene; for rhe grit Battell was ones at the Trotre : Bot quhen they pcrceaved, that the grit Force of Horf- men ftude ftill, and charged nor, they returned and gave fum Refcoue to K k k 2 lY'Zlt 224 ^f^^ Hijlor le of t he Reformatioun Lib. III. thair Fellowis that fled ; and fo thare fell onely in that Defeic about thrc hundreth Frenchmen. God wald nor give the Viftorie fo fuddenlie, leift that Man fuld gloria in his awn Srrenthe. The fi-nall Viftory that was gottin pur bothe the Ingl'tfcb and the Scotth in over grit Securitie, as the Ifchew declair- ed. The Vrenche enclofit within the Toun, the IngUjcke Army began to plant: thair Pavilliounes betwix Lcyth and Kejialrig ; the Ordnance of the Toun, and efpecially that quhilk lay upoun Sanft Antoms Sieiple, did thame grit Anoy- ance ; againft which Place was bent aucht Cannones, quhilk fchot fo ccnti- newally, and fo juft, that within few Days that Steiple was condemned, and all the Ordnance that was one it difmounted, whiche maid the Eiigl/fche more negligent than it became gude Men of Weir to have bene; for per- ceaving that the Frenche m^id no Purfuit without thair Wallis, they tuke ane Opinioun, that they wald nevir ifche more, and that maid fum of the Cap- tanes for Paftyme to go upe to the Toun of Edinburghe ; the Soldiours, for thair Eas, layd thair Armour befyde thame, and, as Men without Danger, fell to the Dyce and Cairtis : and fo upoun the Pafcbe Monday^ at the very- Hour of Nyne, the Frenche ilchewed bothe upoun Hers and Fute^ and with grit Violence entered within the Englifche Trenches, flew and pur to flicht all that war tharein. The Watche wes negligentlie keapr, and fo was the Succours flaw, and lang in cuming ; for the Frenche, befor that ony Refi(l tance was maid unto thame, aproched near to the grit Ordnance. But then the Horfmen trouped togither, and the Futemen gat thamefelfis in An-ay, and fo repulfit the Frenche back agane to the Toun. But the Slauchter wes grit ; dim (ays it double exceided that whiche the Frenche receaved the firft Day. And this was the Frute of thair Security and ours, whiche efrer wes remeided ; for the Englifche Men moft wyfely confiddering thamefelfis not abell to foige the Toun round about, devyfit to mak Mountis at divers Quarters of the Toun, in the whiche they and thair Ordnance lay in als gude Strenthe as they did within the Toun. The comoun Soldiours keapt the Trenches, and had the faid Montis for thair Savegarde and Refuge, in cafe of ony gritter Purfote than they wer abell to fuftean. The Patience, and ftout Courage of the Englifchmen, bot principally of the Horfmen, is wor- thie of all Prays : For quhare wes it evir hard, that aucht thousand (they ne- vir exceided that Number that lay in CampeJ fold befeage four thoufand ot the moft defperat Throt-cutters that war to be found in Europe, and lay fo near unto thame in dayly flcirmifching the Space ot tlvre Monthes and more. The Horfoien Nicht and Day keapt watche, and did fo valiently behave thamefolfis, that the Frenche gat no Advanrage from that Day back to the Day of the Aflault, quhareof we fall Ichortly hear. In this meane Tyme was this other Band maid of all the Nobilitie, Barrones, and Gentilmen profeC fing Chrift Jefos in Scotland, and of divers uthers that joyned with u.<;, for expelling of the Frenche Army, amongs quhcme the Erie of HuntUe was Principal]. The Band follows. I'he hift Band at Leyth. AT Edinburghe, the 27th Day o? Apr ill, in the Ycir of God I;i5d Yeirs, we, whofo Names ar under-witten, have promitted and oblifched our- felfis faythfully, in the Prefons of God, and be thir Preicntis promitts. That tye ahogither in generall, . and every ane of us in fpeciall by- himfelf, with Lib. III. of RcligiGim w Scotland. 225 with our Bodic;, Gude?, Freinds, and all that we may do, fall ft-t fordward the Reformatioun of Religioun, according to Gods Word, and procure, by all Meanes poflftble, that the Trurhe of Gods Word may have fre Paflagc with- in this Realme, with 'dew Adminiftratioun of the Sacraments, and all Things depending upoun the laid Word. And ficklye, dcipiy weying with ourfeifis the Mifbehaviour of the French Minifteris hare, the untojlerabill OpprclTioun comitted be the Frenchemen of Weir upoun the puir Subjet^is of this Reilme by Mantenance of the Quein Dowager, under Colour and Pretence of Au- thority, the Tyrrany of thair Captanes and Leaders, and manifcft Dan^^cr of Conqueft in whiche the Cuntrey prefently ftands, be RcHbun of divers Forti- ficatiouns upoun the Sea-coaft, and uther Novelties of lait attempted be thame - Promitt that we fall, every one with uther, afweill as alrogither, with the Quein of England's Armie, prefently cum in for our Deliveraiice, effeftually concurre, joyn togither, taking and hald plain Parte for Expullloun of the faids Strangears, Oppreffours of our Liberty, furth of this Realme, and Re- coverie oi our ancient Liberties and Fredomes, to the End that in Tyme cuming we may, under the Obedience of the King and Quein our Soveranes be onely riJIled be the Lawis and Cuftomes of the Cuntry, and borne Men of the Land 3 and that nevir one of us fall have privy Intelligence by Wryt- ting, MefTage, or Comunicatioun with ony of our faids Enemies, or Adver- faries in this Caus, but by the Advyfe of the reft fat leift of fyvej of the Counlaill, Attour yet, we fill tender the comoun Caus as if it war the Caus of every ane of us in particular ; andthat the Cau(es of every ane of us now joynt to^-i- ther, being honeft and lawfull, fall be all our Caufes in generall ; and he that is Enemy to the Caufes foirlaids, fall be Enemy to us all, in la far that quhatfbevir Perfone will planely refift thir our godly Interpryifes, and wi'll not concure, as ane gude and trew Member of this Comoun. welthe, we fall forti- fie the Authority of the Counfiill, to reduce thame to thair Dewty. Lykas wc fall fortifie the Authority forelaid of the Counfaill, in all Things tending to the Furtherance of the f^id Caufes. And if any particular Debait Quar- rell or Contraverfie fall aryis, for quhatfbevir Caufes bygane, prefcnt or to cum, betwix ony of us ( as God forbid ) in that Cais, we fall fubmit ourfeifis and our faids Quef^iounes, to the Decifloun of the Counfaill, or to Arbitral tours to be maid be thame, Qi: Provyding alwayis, that this be not prcjudi- ciall to ordinar Jurifdi(5tioun of Juges; bot that Men may perfcw thair Ac- tiounes by Ordour of Law civilly or criminally, as they pleis. This Contraft and Band came not onely to the Earis, bot alfb to the Sicht ol the Quein Ebwager, quhairat fche ftormit not a litill, and faid, e, in the Yeir of God ij;8 Yeirs. And be the (am Law, they which have contravened the Lawis of this Realme (all be eximed, and fre of all Paynes conteined tharein, ficklyk as if it had nevir bene contravenad; provyding that the Priviledges of the faid Law be not extended to thame whiche the Eftaits of the Realme (all " think unworthie thareof Item, It is agreed and concluded, That in the (aid Conventioun, or Parlia- ment, the Eftaits of the Realme, as Ufe is, and of the Maner is requyred, fall' be called ; in the whiche all they that have ufit to convein, and be pre- fent, may cum without all Fear or Force done, or to be done 10 thame be ony Per(bne, (Iia that the (aids (all obleis thame, that quhare in Tyme cum- ing ony Seditioun, or Conventioun of Men of Weir (all hapen to be, with- out the Comand of the Counlaill, being of the Number of twelf, the Re- alme and Cuntrey (all repute the Cau(ers thareof^ and thame that conveins, as Rebellis, and (all pur(ew thame as ficklyk, tliat they may be punilched by the Lawis of the Realme, (b that the King and Quein (all not be com- pelled in Tymes cuming to (end ony Men of Weir, or Strangears in thir Fartes, for obteining of dew Obedience of thair Subjeftis. Item, They olfered to concord and aggree,That thare (all be a generall Peace and Reconciliation among all Lords and Subjeds of this Realme ; Co that they that ar called of the Congregatioun, and they whiche ar not of the fam, (all put no Reproche to uthers of the Things whiche arc done fra the laid (ex Day of Mercbe i J^S. Item, They offered, concorded, and affirmed, That the King and Quein fall not per(ew, revenge, nor mak ony Perfecution of the Things that have bene done, nor yit (all they (u(fer the (am to be done be thair Subjecls, Frenche- men, bot (all have all Things in Oblivioun, as if the (am had nevir bene done. And ficklyk, the Lords of this Realme of Scotland (all do in all BufinelTes betwix thame and the Frencbemen in thir Partes. And if, by finiiler Infbrma^ tioun, or ony uther Occafioun, thair Majefties have conceaved an evill Opini- oun againft thair Subje6ts, they (all utterlie forget and change the (am ; nor they (all not depryve ony of thame, nor devyde ony of thame, or of thair Sub- jefts, of the Offices, Benefices, or Eftaits whiche they have bruiked in the faid Realme befor, be Reflbun of ony Things they have medled with, fra the ftid kxT>2iy of Merche IJ58. And farder, (all mak na Occafioun ofDepri- vatioun, or depofjng of thame by ony uther Cullour without Caus, bot rather they Lib. III. of Religtotm in Scotland. 233 they fall cfteim and create thame in T} mc cuming as gude and obedient Sub- je6^s, provyding that the faids Lords and uthers Subjet^ls, one thair Parte, mak to thair Majcrtics haill Obedience, licklyk as uther naturall and faythfull Sub- jects aucht to thair Soveranes. //£■/«, It is concorded and aggrced, That it fall be lefum to nane of the Lords of the Kobility of Scotland^ or ony uthers, to mak Convocatioun of Men of Weir, bot in the ordinary Caufcs approved be the Lawis and Con- IVs-etude of the Realme ; and that nane of thame fall caus ony Men of Weir, Strangcars, to cum in thir Partes, and mekell lefs fall attenipte to do ony Thing againrt the King and Quein, or againft the Authority of the Counfaiil, and uther Magiftrates of the Realme ; and they whiche have prefented the faid Petitioun, fall be oblifched thareunto. And in cafe ony of thame, or uthers, find Occafioun to invaid, or tak Armour aganft ony Man, as he pre- tends, efter that he have comunicate the Matter with the Counfaiil of the Re- alme, he fall prefent his Complaint to thair Majefteis ; and generally they fall obleis thame, under the faids Paynes, to do the Things whiche perteins to gude and faythfuU Subjefts, for the Quictncs and Tranquillitie of the Realme, and Richts of thair Soveranes. //; Scotland. 237 SfiQ^^nJrois^ CoUit/fJhvn; :ind Sarnfl Marie ///?, thcSuppriour of Sanft y^Wm/, and divers urhers quhomc ue oblcrved nut. At the lame Tyme of Pariiament, Johie Knox publictly taucht the rropher Haggeui\ the Doctrine was proper for the Tyme. In Applicatioun quhareof hp was lo fpeciaH, and (b vehement, that fum, having gritter Refpeft to the ^'arld then to God's Glory, feilling thamefelfis pricked, laid in Mockage, IVe nun now forget ourfelfis^ ami heir the Burrow, to Ntild the tlom of God. God be mercifull to the Speiker; for we feir, that he (all have Experience, that the Building of his awn Hous (the Hous of God being dcfpyfit) fill not belo pro. rperous, and of fick Firmity, as we dcfyreit wer. And albeit fum mocked, yit uthers wer godly moved, quho did alfembill thamefelfis togither to con- fult quhat Things wer to be proponed to that prefent Parliament ; and efter De- liberatioun was this fubfequent Supplicatioun offerit. The Baronisy Gevtillmen, Biirzeffes, and utheris trew Suljeclis of tl-is Reahne, ft of effing the Lord Jepis within the fdme, *To the Nohilitie atid Staitis of Parliament prefentUe apemhied within the faid Re- alme, defyre Graice, Mercie and Peiee, from God the Father of our Lord Jefus Cbrijij with the Incres of his HoUe Spirit^ &c, PLeas your Honours to reduce to Remembrance, how divers and flindry Tymes, we (with fum of yourfelves) moft humilly fuitted at the Feet of the late Quene Regent, Fredome and Liberty of Confcience, with a zpd\y Reformatioun of Abules, quhilk, be the Malice of Sathan and Negligence of IVJen, ar croppen in, in the Religioiin of God, and ar menteined be fick as tak upoun thame the Name of Clergy. And albeit that our godly and maift relVonable Suit wes then dilclaynefully rejected, quhareof no fmall Trubles have enfewed, as your Honours well knaw, yet feing that the fime Neceflity yet remanelhe that then moved us ; and mareover, that God of his Mercy hes now put into your Hands to tak fick Ordour, as God thareby may be glori- fied, this Comoun-welthe quieted, and the Policy thareof eftabli/ched We cannot ceas to crave of your Honours the Redres of fick Enormities, zs ma- nifeftly ar, and of lang Tyme have bene, comitted by the Place-halders of the Miniftry, and uthers of the Clergy within thisRealme. And fir ft ^ Seing that God of his great Mercy, by the Licht of his Word, hes manifefted to no fmall Nummer of this Rcalm.e, that the Doctrine of rheRomave Kirk, receav- ed by the (aid Clergy, and menteined throw thair Tyrany by Fyre and Sword, conteinerh in itfelf mony peftiferous Errours,"quhi]k cannot bot bring Damnatioun to the Saulls of fick as tharewith (all be infefted; fie as ar the Doctrine of Tranfubliantiatioun ; of the Adoratioun ot Chrids Body, undcf the Forme of Bread, as they tearme it ; of the Merits of Warks, and Jul^i- ficatioun that they allege cumeth thareby ; together with the Doctrine of the Papilticall Indulgences, Purgatory, Pilgrimage, and praying to Sanfts depart- ed ; quhilk all eyther repugne to the plane Scriptures, or ells have no Ground of the Doftrine of our Malter Jefus Chri(i, his Prophets, nor Apoftles. Firfty We humilly tharetore crave of your Honours, That fick Dv)ftrine and Idolatry as by God's Word ar bothe condemned, (b may thev be abolifch- ed be Aft of this prcient Parliament, and Puni(chmcnt apointed tor the Tranf- grelTburs. O o • Secioidlie^ 238 The Hijlorie of the Keformatiomi L i b. HI. Secimdlie, Seing that the Sacraments of Jefus Chrift ar moft fchamefully abufeJ and prophaned by that Romane Harlot and hir fworne Vaflalls ; and alfb becaus that the trew Difciplin of the ancient Kirk is utterly now amongs us and that Se<5t extinguifched : (For quho within the Realme ar more cor- rupt in Lyfe and Maners, than ar they that ar called the Clergy, living in Huredome, Adultery, defloring Virgins, corrupting Matrones, and doing all Abhominatioun, without fear of Punifchment j) We humilly tharefore defyre your Honours td find Remedy againft the one and the other. Thridlie^ Becaus that Man of Sin moft falfly doeth clame ro himfelf the Tittles of, 'Jhe Vkare of Chrift^ The Succeffour of Peter, The Heid of the Kirk^ That he cannot eire, That all Power is granted unto him^ &c. by the quhiJk ufurped Authority, he takes upoun him the Diftributioun and PofFeflioun of the haill Patrimony of the K'yrk, quhareby the trew Minifters of the Worde of G >d lang Tyme hes bene altogether neglected, the godly Learning ded pyfed, the Schuilles not provyded, and the Pure not onely defrauded of thare Portioun, bot alio moft tyrranoufly opprefled : We lykways hereof defyre Remedy. And leaft that your Honours fbuld dout in ony of the former Premifes, we oiTer our felves evidently to prove. That in all the Rabill of the Clergy thair is not ane lawfiill Minifter, if God's Word, the Praftes of the Apoftles, the Sincerity of the primitive Kyrk, and thare awn ancient Laws, fall juge of lawfull Eleftioun. We farder offer our felfis to prove thame all Theves and Murtherers, yea, Rebells and Tratours to the lawflill Authority of Empe- roufs. Rings and Princes, and tharefore unworthy to be fuffered in ony re- formed Comoun-wealth. How malicioufly they have murthered our Bre- thren, f )r no uther Caus, bot for that they have offered unto us the Licht of God's Word, your Honours cannot be ignorant j and in quhat Hafard thair Tyrrany hes brocht this haill Realme, the Ages efter will confidder. If ye luke in thame for any uther Frute in Tymes to cum, then ye have fene ia thame quhome we accufe, we ar afTured ye fall be deceaved. Now hes God, beyond all Expeftatioun of Man, made yourfelves, quho fumtymes wer Sup- plyantes with us for Refbrmatioun, Juges, as it war, in the Caufe of God : At leaft, he hes fo fubdewed your Enemies unto yow, that by Violence they ar not able to fupprefs the Verity, as haretofbr they have done. We tharefore, in the Bowells of Jefus Chrift, crave of your Honours, that eyther they may be compelled to anfwer to our former Accufatiouns, and unto ficfc uther Things as we juftly have to lay to thare Charges,or ells that Call AfTeftioun layd afyde) ye pronunce thame fick by Cenfement of this Parliament, and caus thame to be fb reputed, as by us moft juftly they ar accufed : Efpecial- ly, that they may be decerned unworthy of Honour, Authority, Charge, or Cure within the Kirk of God ; and Co from hencefurth never to joy Vote in Parliament, Quhilk if ye do not, then, in the Fear of God, and by the AfTurance of his Word, we fbrewarne yow, that as ye leave a greavous Yock and a Burden intollerabell upoun the Kyrk of God within this Realme, Co fall they be Thornes in your Eyes, and Pricks in your Sydes, quhome efter, quhen ye wald, ye fall have no Power to remove. God the Father of our Lord jefus Chrift give yow upricht Hearts, feking his Glory, and trew Un- derftanding, quhat this Day he quho hes delivered yow from Bondage both Spirituell and Temporall, cravethe of 3-0 w by his Servantes: And your Anfwer maift humilly we require. This I B. III. of Rcligictr,] in Scotland. 23^ This our Supplicatioiin being red in Audience of the haill Aflcmbly di- vers Men wer of divers Jugemenrcs ; for as li.m tharc war chat uprichily (a- voiired the Cans ofGod, fo war tharc maney that fir warldly Rcfpects abhor- rtd a perfyrc Rcformatioun, (for how mony within Siotlaid that have the Name of Ncbility, ar nor injurt Pofrcflburs of the Patrimony of the Kirk) and yet wer the Barroncs and Minifters called, and Comandmcnt geven unto thame, to draw in plane and fevcrall Heads, the (bum of that Doctrine quhjlk they wald mantene, and wald defyrc that prefcnt Parliament to elbblifchc as liollbme, rrew, and onely ncceflary to be beleved and receaved within that Rc?lme Ouhilk they willingly accepted, and within four Days prefent- e.-l this Conteflioun as it follow ethc, without Altcratioun of any ane Sen- tence. 57'if ConfelTioun of Fayth profejfed and heleveJ hy the Proteftantis nsoithin the Re. (lime 0/ Scotland, publifched by tlame in Parliament, and hy the EJiaitis thaie- of ratifeit and -aprovit , as holefome and found T)o^Tiine, grounded iipoim the in- fallilull ^reutbe of Godis Word. Rfarhei xxiv. And this glaid Tydingu of the Kingdome fall be preicljed throw the haiil IVorldj for a Witnes unto ail Natiounis, and then fall the End cum. The P R E F AC E. The Eftaites of iSro/Z^W, with the Inhabitants of the fame, pro fcfli ng Ch rift Jeftis his holy Evangell, to thair naturall Cuntreymen, and unto all uther Reaimes and Natiouns, profelTing the fame Lord Jefus with thame, wifcli Grace, Mercy and Peice from God the Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift with the Spirit of rychteous Jugemenr, for Salutatioun. T Ang have we thrifted {^ear Brethrein) to have notified unto the IVarld the *- Soum of that DoSIrine quhilk -jue profes, and for the quhilk we have fafterned Infamy and Danger. Bot fick bes bene the Rage of Sathan againft us., and againii Chrift Jefus his eterndl Verity laitly borne among us, that to this Day na I'yme bes bene granted unto us, to cleir our Confciences, as maift gladlie isie wald have done : For how we have bene tojfed a haill Yeir bypaft, the maift Parte of Europe (as we fuppois) dois underftand. Bot feing that of the tnfinite Gudenes of our God {qiiho never fufferethe his afflilied utterly to he confounded) above Expe^ation, we have obteined fum Re It and Liberty, we culd not bot fet furth this breve and plane Confeffioun of fick Do^rine as is proponed unto us, and as we beleve and proft's, partely for Satis faclioun of our Brethren, quhos Hairts we dout not have bene and yet ar wounded by the defpytjuU raylling of fick as yet have not learned to f pel k well: And partely for ftoppwg of the Mouths of impudent Blafphemers, quho lauldlie condemne that quhtlk they have nouther hard nor underjiiide : Not that we pge that the canckerit Malice of fick is abill to be cured by this fimple Con. feffwun ; No, we knaw that the fweit Savour of the Evangell is and fill be Deyth to the Sones oj Perditioun. Bot we have cheif refpeil to our watk and infir me Bre- threin, to quhome we wald comunicat the Bottome of our Hairts, kaft that they be trubkd and caryed away be Diver fitie of Rumours quhilk Sathan fparfetb con. O o o s trair • 240 ^/^^ Hi/lone of the Reformatioun Lib. III. trair us, 10 the defaceuig of this our godlie Interpryis ; protefi'wg, 'fhat if any Man will note in this our Confeffioun any Ar tickle or Sentence repugning to Gods HoM Word, that it imald pleis him, of his Gentilnes, and for Chriftiam Cheriteis Saik, to admonifche ui of the fame in Writte, and we of our Honours and Fidelitie do promeis unto him Satisfaciioun fra the Mouthe of God, that is, fra his Holie Scrip- tures, or ells Reformatioun of that quhilk he fall prove to he amifs. For God we iak to Record in our Confciences, That froyn our Hairts -jue ahbore all Se^is of Herefie, and all Teichers of erroneous De^rine ; and that with all Humilitie we embrace the Puritie ofChrifts Evangell, quhilk is the onelie Fude of our Saiills ; and iharefore fo precious unto us, that we ar determined to fuffer the Extremkiv of warldlie Danger, rather than that we will fiijjer our felvis to be defrauded of the fame; for heirof we ar maift certanely perfwaidit. That quhofoever denys Chrift Tefus, or is archamed of him, in Prefence of Men, fall be denyed befor the Father, and befor his holy Angells ; and thairfoir be the Affiflance of the michtie Spirit of the fame Lord Jefus^ we firmelie purpois to ahyde to the End in the Confeffioun of this our Fayth. I. Of GOD. WE confefe and acknawledge ane oiiely God, to quhome onely we moft cleave, quhome onely we moft worfchip, and in quhome onely we put our Truft, quho is eternall, infinite, unmeafurabill, incomprehenfibill, om- nipotent, invifibill, ane in Subftance, and yit diftinft in thre Perfones, the Father, the Sone, and the Holie Ghoft ; Be quhom we confefe and beleve all Things in Heaven and in Earth, alfweill vifibill as invifibill, to have bene created, to be reteined in thair Being, and to be rulled and guided be his unfcrutabill Providence, to fick End as his Eternall Wifdome, Gudnes and Tuftice, hes apointed thame, to the Manifeftatioun of his awn Glorie, 11. Of the Creatioun of Mm. We confefe and acknawledge this our God to have created Man, {to wit, our firft Father Jdame) of quhome alfo God formed the Woman to his awn Image and Similitude, to quhome he gave Wifdome, Lordfchip, Ju- ftice, fre Will and clear Knawledge of himfelf ; fo that in the haill Nature of Man thare culd be noted no Imperfeftioun ; frome quhilk Honour and Fertectioun Man and Woman bothe fell ; the Woman be deceaved by the Serpent, and Man obeying the Voice of the Woman, bothe confpyring aganft the Soverane Majeftie of God, quho in expres Words had befoir threatned Deyth, if they prefumit to eit of the forbidden Tree. Ill, Of Originall Sinne. » By quhilk TranfgrelTioun, comounlie called Originall Sinne, was the Image of God utterlie defaced in Man, and he and his Pof^eritie of Nature became Enemies to God, Slaves to Sathan, and Servants to Sine, in fa mekell that Deyth everlafling hes had, and fall have Power and Dominioun over all that hes not bene, ar not, or fall not be regeneraf from above, quhilk Regenera- oun is wrocht be the Power of the Holie Ghofl, working in the Heartis ef the Eleft of God, ane affured Fayth in the Promifes of God, revelled to us Lib. HI. of Religtoim in Scotland. 241 >■• • -^ ■ iL^. L-. • — ^ • — — . . US. in his Word;, by quhilk Fayth they aprchcnd Jefus Chrirt, with tho Graces and Benefices promific in him. IV. Of the Revehit'ioim of the Piome'is. For this wc conflantlic belcve, That God, efttr the feirfull and horribill Dcltftioun of Man from his Obedience, did fcik Adame agane, c?Il upoun him, rtbiiik his Sine, convie^ him for his Sine, and in the End maid unto him a moft joyful! Promeis, to wit^ that the Seyci of the IVoman fall- breiti- (injjii the Serpent is Heia; that is, f mid dehoy the IForkis of the Devi/l- quhilk Promeis as it was repeiicd and maid more deir from Tyme to T\me, fo was it embraced with Joy, and mort conflantly reteined of all the F?)thfull from Jdame to Noah^ from Noah to yllvaham, from Mrakim to Diivid, and fo furth to the Incarnatioun of Jjfus ChrifJ, quho all (wemein the fajthfiill Fatheris under the Law) did fie the joyfull Dayis of Chrift Te* fijs, and did rejoycc. V. 7he Coiitinewance, Increafe, and Prefervatmm of the Kirk. We moft conftantly beleve. That God prefcrvir, inftruciir, multipleif, ho- nourit, decorit, and frome Death callit to Lyf his Kirk in all Ages, fra A- diime, till the coming of Chrirt Jefus in theFlclche: Yor Ahaham he callic frome his Fathers Cuntrey, him he inftruftit, his Seid he mult.pleir, the fame he marvelloufly prefervif, and more marvelloufly deliverit frome the Bondage oi Pharaoh; to thame he gave his Laws, Conftirutiouns and Ceremonies- Them he pofledic in the Land of Canaan; to them after Juges, and ef{cr SaJ he gave David to be Ring ; to quhome he made Promeis, That of the Frute ef his Lnyns foidd one fit for ever itpoim his regall Sete. To this fame People frome Tyme to Tyme he fcnt Prophets to reduce thame to the right Way- of their God, frome the wh che oftentymes they declyned by Idolatry. And albeit for thair f^uborne Contemp of Juftice, he was compellit to give thame. into the Hinds of thair Enemies, as before was threatnit be the Mouthe of Monies : Inlcjmuche that the haill City was deftroyed, the Tcmpel brunc with Fyre, and the hole Land left defolat the fpace of feventy Yeirs • yet of Mercy did he reduce thame agane to Jerufalem, quhere the City and Temple were re-edifyed, and thay, againfl all Temptatiouns and AfTaults of Sathane did abyde till the Meffias came, acC(rJing to the Promeis. '. VL Of the Incarnatioun of Chrift Jefus. When the Fulnes of Tyme came, God fent his Sonc, his eternall Wifl aome, the Subf^ance of his awn Glory, into this Warld, quho tuk the Nature ofManhod, of the Subftance of a Woman, to wit, ofaVirgine, and that by the Operatioun of the Holy Ghoft ; and fo was borne,The jull Seid of Davni ;■ The Angel of the great Counfaill of God ; The very MefTias promil^d, quhom we acknawlcge, and confes ; Emanuell, veray God and veray Man, two per- fea Natures united and joyned in one Pcrf?>n. By whiche our Confe/Iioun, we dampne the damnable and peftilent Herefies of Arnus, Martion, EutJ- chesy Nelioriiis, and fuch uthers, as eyther deny the Ecernity of his Godhead ..''pp.. or 24-2 ^Tbe Hi ft or ie of the Rcformatioun Lib- TTI. or the Verity oi his humane Nature, or confound thame, or yet divide tliame. VII. ^hy it helmit th Mediatour to he veraj (tod and veray Man. We acknawlege and confes, That this moft wondrous Conjun(5^ioijn be- twix the Godhead and Manhood in Chrift Jefus, did procfde frome the erer- nall and immutable Decree of God, quhence alio our Salvatioun fpnngcthe and dependethe. VIII. Ehahun. For that famyn etcrnall God, and Father, quho of mere Mercy ele^ed us in Chrift Jelus his Sonne, befor the Fundatioun of the "Warld was laid, ap- pointed him to he our Heid, our Brother, our Paftour, and grit Biichv->pe of our Saulls : Hot becaus that the Enmitie betwix the Juftice of God and our Sinnes, was fuche, that no Flefche by itfelf^ could, or might have attained unto God, it behoved that the Sonne of God fould defcend unto us, and tak liimfelfe a Body of our Body, Flefche of our Flefche, and Bones of our Bones, and (b becam the perfeyte Mediatour betwix God and Man ; giving Power to (b mony as beleve in him, to be the Sonnes of God, as he himfelfe dothe witnes. / ^ai up to my Father and your Father^ to my God and unto your God : By whiche moft holy Fraternity, quhatfbever we have loft in Jdame, i& reftorit to us agane. And for this Caus ar we not afrayd to call God our Father, not fameikell in that he hes created us fquhilk we have comoua with the Reprobate^ as for that he hes gevin to us his onely Sone to be our Brother, and gevin unto us Grace to embraice him for our onely Mediatour, as befor is (aid. It behovit farther the Meffias and Redemar to be veray God and veray Man, becaus he was to underly the Punifchment dew for ourTranf- grefTiouns, and to prefent himfelfe in the Prefens of his Fathers Jugemenr, as in our Perfbne, to differ for our TranfgrefTioun and Inobedience, by Deyth to overcum him that was Author of Dej th. Bot becaus the only Godhead culd not fufFer Deyth, neyther culd the onely Manhod overcum the fame ; he joyned bothe togither in one Perfoun, that the Imbecilitie of the one (c)uld fuffer and be fubjeft to Deyfh fquhilk we had defervit) and the infinite and jnvincibill Power of the other, to wit, of the Godhead, fbuld triumphe, and purchas unto us Lyfe, Libertie, and perpetual! Viftorie. And Co we confes, and moft undoubtedlie beleve. IX. Chrift s Deyth ^ Paffioun^ Burial^ &c. That our Lord Jefus Chrift offerit himfelfe a voluntarie Sacryfice unto his Father for us; that he fufferit Contradiftioun ofSinneris ; that he was wound- ed and plagued for our Tranfgreffiouns ; that he being the cleane and inno. cente Lambe of God, was dampne in the Prefens of ane earthlie Juge ; that we micht be abfblved befoir the Tribunall Seit of our God : That he fufFerit not onelie the cruell Deyth of the CrofTe (whiche was accurfit by the Sentence of God) bot alfo, that he fufferit for a Seafone the Wrathe of his Father, which Sinneris had defervit. Bot yit we avov.'e. That he re- mainit the onely wellbelovit and bleflic Sonne of his Father, even in the mideft I Lib. hi. of Rcligiomi ifi Scot\-:ind. 24.3 midert ot his Anguilclie and Tormcnr, whichc he fulTcrit in Rodye and Soule to mak the full Saristaftioun for the Sinnes of his People. Efrer the quhiJk' we confelfe and avowe, that thare remancs no urher Sacrifice for Sinnes • whiche if any affirmc, we nothing dout to avow, that thay ar Blafphemaris agninft Chrilts Dyth, and the everlafting Purgatioun and Satistaftioun pur- chafiii unto us by the (amyn. X. Refurrenioun. "Wc undoubtedly belevc, That infomuch as it was impofTibiil that the Dolours ot Deyth (o\i\d reteine in Bondage the Authour of Lyfc, that our Lord JefuK Chrift crucified, deid, and buryed, quho defccndit into Hell, did rx^c agane for our Juftificatioun, and deftroying him quho was Authour of Deyth, brought Lyfe agane to us that wer fubjeft to Oeyrh, and to the Bondage of the fame : We knaw that his Refurreftioun was confirmit by the Teftimonie of his veray Enemies. By the Refurref^ioun of the deid, quhofe Sepulchres did open, and thay did aryfe and appcirit to mony with- in the Citie o( Jenifakme. It was al(b confirmit by the Tcliimonie of An<^els and by the Sences and Jugcments of his Apofties and uthers, quho had Cun- veriatioun, and did eat and drink with him efter his Refurrectioun. XI. Afcenfwun. "We nothing dout, bot that the felf.(ame Body, quhilk was born of the Vir- gine, was crucified, deid and burryed, and quhilk did rays agane, did afcend into the Heven, for the Accomplefchement of all Thingis: Quhare, in our Names, and for our Comfort, he hathe resumed aU Power in Heven and Eirthe ; Quhare he fntethe at the Richt Hand of the Father, inaugurate in his King- dome, Advocat, and onely Mediatour for us • quhilk Glory, Honour, and Prerogative, he alone amongis the Brethrein fall poflefles, till that all his £-• nemeis be maid his Pure ftuill, as that we undoutedly beleve they fall be in the finall Jugement, to the Executioun quhnreof, we certanely beleve, that the (am our Lord Jefus (all vifibly and apparently returne, as that he was (ein a(cende. And than we firmely beleve, that the Tyme of Refrelching and Reftitutioun of all Things (all cum,infimikell that thos that from the Begin- ning have futfered Violence, Injury and Wrong, for RIghteoufnes Sake, fail inlieryte that blefled Immortality promeifed from the Beginning. Bot connary- wayis the (^uborne, creuell, inobedient Oppreflburs, filchy Perfones, Adulrerars, and all Sortes of unfaythtijll Men, fall be cafle into the Di^ngeoun of utter Darknes, quhare thair Worme fall net dye, nether yit thair Fyre be exrin- guifched : The Remembrance of the quhilk Day, and of the Jugement to be ex- ecuted in the (am, is not onely to us a Br}dell,quharebyour carnall Liif^is are re- ftrained, brt alfo fuche inefiimabell Comfort, that nerher may the Threatning of vvarldly Princes, nether yit the Feir of temporall Deith and pre'.ent Danger move us to renunce and forcfaikthat bledit Society, quhilk we -rhe Members have with our Heid and onely Mediatour Chrirt Jefus, quhome we confes and 3' vowe to be the MeJuis promeifit,the onelyHcid ot the Chu.-che, our jult Lawgevir, our onely HiePrcille, Advocat and Mediatcnir. In quhilk Honouris and Offices, if a Manor AngcU prefume to intrude thamefelfisvve utterly detaift and abho-re thame, as blafphemous to our fuverelgne and fupreim Govcrnour Chrift Je'us.- P p P 2 XII. -^^^ \ «l Iff .ll 244 The Hijlorie of the Refcrmatioun Lib III II Will XII. FaythmtheHoUe Ghoft, THis our Fayth, and the Aflurance of the (am, proceides not frome Flelche ) and Blude, that is to fay, from na natural! Poweris within us : hot is the In-!»i fpiratioun of the Holy Ghoft, quhome wc conf^s God equall with the Father, and with the Sone, quho fanftifyeth us, and bringethe us in all Verity, by his awn Uperatioun, without quhome we (ould reraane for ever Enemyes to God, and ignorant of his Sone Chrift Jefus. For of Nature we ar (b deid, fb pervers and blind, that' neather can we feill, quhen we ar pricked, fie the Lycht quhen it (chynes, nor afTent to the Will of God quhen it isreveilied, onely the Spreit^ of the Lord JefuS quickneth that whiche is deid, removethe the Darknes from- our Myndis, and boweth our ftubborne Heartis to the Obedience of his blef- fit Will : And fb as we confes, that God the Father created us, quhen we war not, as his Sone our Lord Jelus redeamed us, quhen we wer Entmies tc^/ him : So al(b we confes, that the Holy Ghoft does fanftifie and regenerat usf without all Refpecl to any Merite proceiding from us, be it befoir, or be ic cfter our Regeneratioun. To fpeik this one Thing yit in mire plane Wordis, as we willingly (poyle ourfelfis of all Honour and Glory of our awin Creati- oun and Redemptioun ; (b do we alfb of our Regeneratioun and Sanftifica- tioun : For of ourfelves we ar not fufficient to think ane gude Thocht j bot he quho hes begune the gude Wark in us, is bnely he that contineweth us in the lam, to the Praife and Glory of his undeserved Graice. XIII. ^e Caus of gu'td JVarhis. So that the Caus of guid Warkis, we confes to be, not our Frie-will, bot the Spreit of the Lord Jefus, quho dwelling in our Heartis be trew Fayth^ bringis furth fick guide Warkis, as God hathe prepared for us, to walk into : For this we moft baldly affirme, that Bkfphemy it is to fay, that Chrift Jefus abydis in the Hart of fick, as in quhome thare is na Spreit of Sanclifictioun : And tharefoir we feir not to affirme, that Murtheraris, Oppreflburis, cuell Ferfecutaris, Adulteraris, Whoremongaris, fylthy Perfbnes, Idolateris, Droun- kardis, Theavis and all "Workaris of Iniquity, have neather trew Fayth, nea^ ther ony Portioun of the Spreit of Sanflificatioun, whiche proceidethe fra the Lord Jefus, fa lang as they obftinatly continew in thair Wickednes. For how fbne that evirthe Spreit of the Lord Jefus (whiche Godis eleft Childrein receave by trew Fayth) takis PofTefTioun in the Hairt of ony Man, fb fbne dois he rege- nerat and renew the fam Man ; fo that he begynes to hait that, whiche be- foir he luffit, and begynes to luif that whiche befoir he hated ; and frome thence comis that continewall Battel!, quhilk is betwix the Flefche and the -Spreit in Godis Cnildrein, whylle the Flefche and natural! Man ( according to thair awn Corruptioun ) luftis for Thingis pleifing and deleftabell to the ftlf, grudges in Adverfity, is lyfted up in Profperity, and at every Moment is prone and ready to offend the Majefty of God. Bot the Spreit of God, whiche geveth WitnclTing till our Spreit, that we ar the Sonesof God, makis us to refift the .Devill, to abhorre fylthy Pleifbures, togrone in God's Prefens, for Deliverance from this Bondage of Corruptioun ; and finally, to triumphe over Syne, that it reigne not in our mortall Bodyes. This Battell hes not the carnallMen,being deftitut of Godis Spreit, bot do follow and obey Sync with Greadjnes, and with- . . out Lib. III. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 24^ out Repentance, even as the Devil and thair corrupt Luftis do prick thame. Boc the Sones of God fas befoir is faid ) does fecht againrt Sync, do Ivhb and miirne, quhen thay perceave thamclclfis tempted to Iniquity; and git' they fall, they ryle aganc with Earned, and iinfcancd Repentance. And thefc Thingis thay do not, be thair awn Power, bot the Power of the Lord Je- fus (. without quhome they war abill to do nothing ) warkethe in thame al! that is guid, XIV. ^(hiU IVarhs ar reputed gnici hefoir God. We confes and acknawlege, that God hcs gevin to Man his holy Law, in "whiche not onely ar forbiddin all fick Warkis, whichc difj^lcis and offend his godlie Majefty ; bot ahb ar comanded all fick as pleis him, and as he hath pro- meifed to rewarde. And thele Workis be of two Sortes, the one ar done to the Honour of God, the uther to the Profeit of our Nychtbours : And bothe have the reveilled Will of God, for thair Affurance. To have one God, to worfchipe and honour him, to call upoun him in all ourTrubefls, to rcverer.ce his holy Name, to hear his Worde, to beleve the fam, tocomunicat with his holy Sacramentis, ar the Warks of the firfl Table. To honour Father, Mo- ther, Princes, Reullaris and fupperiour Poweris, to love thame, to fupp^rte thame, yea, to obey thair Charges ( not repugning to the Comandement of God ) to fave the Lyves of Innocentis, to repres Tyranny, to defend the Op- prefTit, to keip our Bodys cleane and holy, to lyve in Sobriety and Temperance, to deall juftly with all Men, bothe in Worde and Deid ; and finally, to re- pres all Appetite of our Nychtbouris Hurte, ar the guid Warks of the fe- cound Table, whiche ar moft pleafing and acceptabell unto God, as thefe Warks that ar comanded by himfclf. The contrary quhareof is Syne mofl odious whiche alwayis difpleifcs him and provockis him to Anger ; as, not to call upoun him allone, quhen we have Nead ; not till hear his Word with Reve- rence, to contempne and defpyfe it ; to have or to worfchipe Idolles, to man^t teane and defend Idolatrie; lychtly to efteame the reverent Name of God ; to prophane, abufe, or contempne the Sacramentis of Chrifl Jefus ; to difobey or refilt ony that God hes placed in Authority (whill they pas nor over the Boundes of thair Office ) to murther, to confent thareto, to bear Hatrenf, or fuffer innocent Bluid to be fched, gif we may ganefland it ; and finally, the tranfgrefTing ony uther Comandment in the firft or fecound Table, we confes and affirme to be Syne, by the whiche God's hoteDifpleifour iskendilled againft the proude and unthankfull Warld : So that guid Warkis we affirme to be thefe onely that ar done in Fayth at Godis Comandment, quho in his Law^ hes exprefTcd quhat be the Thingis that pleafe him. And evill Warks we afl firme, not onely thefe that ar exprefPedly done againfl God's Comandment ; but thefe alfb that, in Materis of Religioun and wcwfchipping of God, have na Affurance, bot the Inventioun and Opinioun of Man, whiche God from the Beginning hes ever rcjefted, as by the Prophete Efaiah^ and by our Maifler Chrift Jefus, we ar taucht in thefe Wordis, In 'jane do they -jtorfchtpe me, ic'icbing thi Do^r'me be'wg Preceiptis of Men. Q q-^q ^t 24-6 The Hillorie of the Keformatioim Lib, J 1 1. XV. The Perfe^'witn of the .Law, and ImperfecTwun of Man. The Law of God, we confes and acknawlege, moftjuft, moft equall, moft holy, and moft perfite, comanding thois Thingis, whiche being wrocht in Fer- feftioun, war abell to geve Lyfe, and to bring Man to eternall Felicity. Bot our Nature is (b corrupted, Co weak and imperfite, that we ar never abell to fulfill the Warkes of the Law in Ferfeftioun ; yea, gtf we fay we have na Syne (even efter we ar rcgenerat ) we deceave omfelfis^aud the Verity of God is not into ui And tharefoir, it behoved us to apprehend Chrift Je(us,with his Juftice,and Satisfaftioun, quho is the End and Accomplefchement of the Law, to all that beleve, by quhome we ar fett at this Liberty, that the Curfs and Maledicli- oun of the Law fall not upoun us, albeit we fulfill not the (am in all Fointis. For God the Father, behalding us. in the Body of his Sone Chrift Jefus, ac- cepteth our imperfite Obedience, as it war perfite, and covereth our "Warks whiche ar defyled with mony Spottis, with the Juftice of his Sone. We do not meane, that we ar /et fb at Liberty, that we aw no Obedience to the Law f for that befoir we have planely confeffit J bot this we aflSrme, that na Man in Eirth (Chrift Jefus onely excepted) hath gevin, geveth, or fall geve in Wark, that Obedience to the Law, quhilk the Law requyrethe \ bot quhen we have done all Thingis, we muft fall doun, and unfeanedly confes, That we ar mprofeitable Servants : And tharefoir, quhofbevir boaft thameftlves of the Merirtis of thair awn Warks, or put thair Truft in the Warks of Supereroga- tibun, thay boaft thamefelfis of that whiche is not, and put thair Truft irx' damnabell Idolatry. i XVL Of the Khh ,. As we beleve in ane God, Father, Sone, and Holy Ghoft, fb do we moft earneftly beleave, that from the Beginning thare hes bein, now is, and to the End of the Warld fall be a Churche, that is to fay, a Cumpany and Multi- tude of Men chofen of God, quho rychtly worfchipe and embrace him, by trew Fayth in Chrift Jefus, quho is the onely Heid of the fam Kirk, whiche: alfb is the Body and Spous of Chrift Jefus ; whiche Kirk is Catholik, that is,; Univerfall, becaus it conte'ancs the Eleft of all Aiges, all Realmes, Natiouns and Tounges, be they of the Jewis^ or be they of the Gentiles^ quho have Co- munioun and Society with God the Father, and with his Sone Chrift Jefus, throch the Sanftificatioun of his Holy Spreit ; and tharefoir it is called Co- munioun, not of prophane Perfbnes, bot of Sanftis, quho far Citiezens of the hevinly Jenifakmy have the Fruitioun of the moft ineftimabell Benefitis, to wit, of ane God,ane Lord jefus, ane Fayth,and of ane Baptifme, without the quhilk Kirk, thare is neather Lyfe, nor eternall Felicity: And tharefoir we utterly abhore that Blafphemy of thois that affirme, that Men that live according to Equity and Juftice, fall be faved, what Religioun fbevir they have profefTit. For as without Chrift Jefus thare is neather Lyfe nor Salvatioun ; Co fafl thare nane be participant thareofj bot fick as the Father hes gevin unto his Sone Chrift Jefus, and thofe in Tyme cum to him, avow his Doftrine, and beleve into him (we comprehend the Childrein with tlif faythfull Parents) This Kirk is invifible, knawn onely to God, quho allone knaweth it, quhome he hes chofin, and comprehends alfweall ( as faid is ) the Eleft that be depairted Ccomounly I Lib. 111. of Re ligiotw in Scothnd. 247 f comounly called the Kirk Triiimpliant ) as thole that yit Icve, and fcicht a- gainft Syne and Sathan as fill Icvc hcarcfcer, XVII. Th' Inuiiortalilie of the Saiillis. ■ The Elea dcpartit arc in Peace, arid reft from thair Labors ; not thar fhey fleip, and cum to a ccrtane Oblivioun (as fum fantaftick Heids dp af. firmej bot that they ar delivcrit frome all Feir, all Torment, and all Temp- tatioun, to whiche we and all Gods Elcft ar fubjefl in this Lyfe ; and tharefore do beir the Name of the Kyrk militant. As contrary alvvaycs the Reprobate and Unfaythfull dcpartit, have Anguilche, Torment and Payne, that cannot be expreffit. So that neyther ar the one nor the uther in fuche Slcip, that they feell not Joye or Torment, as the Parabell of Chrift Jefus in the fixreenthe o^: Luke, his Words to the Thefe, and thefe Wordis o{ the Soulls crying iindar the Altare, 0 Lord,tlon that art rychteous and juft, how lang fall thou not revenge our Blttid iipoun thame that dwell upoiin the Erthe, dothc plain, lie teftifie. XVIII. Of the Notes by the ixih'iche the true Kyrke is d-ferned from the filfe, and quho fall le Jiige of the Doilr'me. Becaus that Sathane frome the begining hathe laboured to deck his pc- ftilent Synagogue with the Title of the Kyrke of God, and hathe inflaymit the Heartisof cruell Murthereris to perfecute, truble and molefi: the true Kyrk and Memberis thareof, as Cayn did Ahll, Ifm.iell, Ifaac, Efau, Jacobe, and the hoUe Prierthode of the Je-xes, Jefus Chrilt himfelfe, and his Aportle^ after him j It is a Thing moft requifite, that the true Kyrk be difcernifc frome the filthie Synagogue, by clear and perfyte Nottcs, left we being de- ceivit, receive and embrace to our awn Condcmnarioun the nne for the uther. TheNottis, Signes, and aOurit Tokens quhareby the Immaculate Spoufe of Chrift Jefus is knawne from the hprribill Harlote the Kyrk malig- nante, we affirme, are neyther Antiquity, Titill ufurpit, lineall Defcenr, Place appointit, nor Multitude of Men approving ane Errour ; for Cayn in Age and Titill was preferit to Abell and Sethe. ^ Jeriifikme had Prerogative above all Places of the Erthe, quhere alfo war the Preifts lineally defcendit frome Aaron, and gritter Multitude foliowit the Scribes, Pharifies, and Freifts, then unfaynedly belcvit and approvit Chrift Jefus and his Doftrine ; and yet (as we fuppos) no Man of holle Jugement will grant that any ot the forenamit war the Kyrk of God. The Nottis tharefore of the true Kyrk of God.,w,e beleve,confefle, and avovve, to be firft. The trew Preiching of the Worde of God ; into the whiche God hath revealit himfelfe to us,as the Writ- ings of the Prophetis and Apoftles doe declare. Secimdlie, The right Admi- niftratioun of the Sacramcntis of Chrift Jefus, whiche man be annexed to the Worde and Promeis of God, to feill and confirme the fame in our Heartis. Ldtly, Ecclefiafticall Difcipiine uprightly miniftrcd, as Gods Worde prefcrj- bit, quhareby Vice is repreffit, and Vertew nurifched. Quharefoever then thefe formar Nottis ar fene, and of any Tyme continew (be the Numer ne- ver fa few above twa or thriej thair, bot all dout, is the trew Kyrk of Chrift, who according to his Promeis is in the mideft of thame ; not of that oniverfcll (of whiche \vc have Tsefoir fpokenj bot particular, fuche as was ■ ' ' Q q q 2 in ■- ■— — '■ ■ — ' ' ■ 24-S ^rhe Hi/ione of the Reformat iowi Lib. IIL in Coriirthiis, Gulatia^ Ephefiis, and urher Plaices in whiche the Miniftrie was playnted by Paul!, and were of himfelfe trew named tlieKyrks of God. And fuche Ryrks we the Inhabiiantis ot the Realme of iSiothmd^ Profcflburs of Chrift Jefus, confes us to have in our Cities, Townes, and Places reformed : For the Doftrine taught in our Ryrks is conteined in the writtin Worde ot God tow'it^ in the Bookes of the New and Old Teftamentis j in thofe Buiks we mene, whiche of ancient have bene reputed Canonical!, in the whiche we affirme that all Things neceffary to be bcleved for the Salvatioun of Man- kind is fufficiently expfeffit. The Interpretaticun quhareof,' we confes, ney- ther aperteinethe unto any private nor publicke Perfon ; neyther yet to any Kyrk for any Preheminence or Prerogative perlbnall or local!, whiche ( ne ha,the above another, bot aperteinethe to the Spirit of God, by the whiche al- fo the Scripture was writtin. When Contraverfy then hapneth for the right Underftanding of any Place or Sentence of Scripture, or the Reformatioun of any Abufe within the Ryrk of God, we ought not famekill to look what Men befoir us have faid or done, as unto that whiche the Holy Ghoft u- niformly fpeikethe within the Body of the Scriptures, and unto that whiche Chrift Jefus himfelfe did, and commandit to be done. For this is a Thing univerfally grantit, That the Spirit ot God, whiche is the Spirit of Unitie, is in nothing contrarious to himfelfe. If then the Interpretatioun,Determinatioun, or Sentence of any Doftours, Kyrk or Counfaill, repugne to the plain Worde of God, writtin in any uther Place of Scripture, it is a Thing moft certain that thair's is not the true Underftanding and Meaning of the Holy Ghoft ; (uppofing that Counfaills, Realmes, and Natiouns have approvit and receivit the fame. For we dare not receive and admit any Interpretatioun, whiche directly repugnethe to any principall Point of our Faith, to any uther plain . Text of Scripture, or yet to the Rule of Cheritie. XIX. 'J'he Amhorhk of Scripture. As we beleve and confefle the Scriptures of God fufficient to inftruft, and mak the Man of God perfeit, fb do we affirme and avowe the Authoritie of the fam to be of God, and neyther to depend on Men nor Angels : We affirme tharefore, That fuche as allege the Scriptures to have no Authority, bot that which is received from the Kyrk, to be blafphemous againft God, and injurious to the true Kirk, whiche alwayes heareth and obeyethe the Voyce of her awn Spoufe and Fal^our, bot takethe not upoun her to be Mi- ftrefle over the fam. XX. Of the Generall Counfaills^ of thuir Po^er^ Authoritie^ and Caus of ihair Conventieum. As we not rafchly dampne that whiche godly Men alTemblit togither in Generall Counfaills, lawfully gatherit, have approvit unto us : So with- out juft Examinatioun dare we not receive quhatfbevir is obrrufit unto Men, under the Name of General! Counfaills ; for plain it is, that 3S they were Men, fo have fbme of thame manifeftly errit, and that in Matters of grit Weight and Importance. So far then as the Counfaill provethe the Deter- minatioun and Comandment that it givethe by the plain Worde of God, Co far do we reverence and imbrace the iam. Bot if Men, under the Name of a Coun- Lib. III. of Rcligionn in Scothnd, 24^ ^r.7. '' ■ — . a-Gpunfaill pretend to forge unto us new Artickles of our Faith, or to mak Conltitutiouns repugning to the Worde of God, then utterly w'c man rcfuis the fam, as the Doctrine of Devills, whiche dravvcthc our Soulls frome the •Voyce of our onely God, to follow the Doarines and Conflitutiouns of Men. The Caus then quhy Gcnerall Counlailis convenit, was ncyther to mak any perpetuall Law (which God befoir had not maid) neyther yet to forge new Artickles of our Beleif, neyther to give the Worde of God Authority, much lefle to mak that to be his Worde, or yit the true Inferpretatioun of the (am, whiche was not befoir by his holly Will expreflit in his Worde. Bot the caus of Counfaills (we mean of fick as merited the Name of Counlailjs) was partly for Contutatioun ot Heryfies, and for giving publike Con/eflioun of thair Faith to the Polkrities following, quhilk bothe they did by the Au. thority of Gods writtin Worde, and not by any Opinioun or Prerogative that they culd not err, by reafon of thair Generall Allembly. And this we juge to have bein the cheif caus ofGenerall Counlaills. The uther was for gude Policie and Ordour to be conftitut and oblervit in the Kyrk, in whiche (as in the Hous of God) it becumethe all Things to be done decently, and in Ordour: Not that wc think that ane Policie, and ane Ordour in Ceremonies can be appointit for all Ages, Tymes, and Places ; for as Ceremonies f fuche as Men have devyfitj arc bot temporall, fo may and ought they to be changit quhen they rather forter Superftitioun, tlien that thay edify the Kyrk uflnij the fame. • XXI. Of the Sacrament'iT. As the Fathers under the Law, belydes the Veritie of the Sacryfices had two cheif Sacramentis, to wit, Circumfioun and the PafTeover, the Defpifers and Contemnaris quhareof war not reputit for God's People: So we acknaw- lege and confefTe, That we now, in Tyme of the Evangell, have two Sa- cramentis onely, inflitutit by the Lord Jefus, and commandit to be uCit by all thos that will be reputit Memberis of his Body, to wit, Baptifme and the Supper, or Table of the Lord Jefus, callir, 7'k Comtnmiioim of Im Body and Blood. And thefe Sacramentis (as well of the Old as of the New Te- ftament) were inftitutit of God, not onely to make a viflble Difference be" rwixt his People, and thos that war without his League ; bot alfo to exer- cife the Fayth of his Children ; and by Participatioun of the fam Sacramentis to feill in thair Heartis the Ailurance of his Promeis, and of that mof^ bleffed Conjunftioun, Union, and Society, whiche the Elec^ have with thair Heid Chrift Jefus. And thus we uterly dampne the Vanity of thos, that aifirme Sacramentis to be nothing els bot nakit and bare Signes. No, we afTuredly beleve, That by Baptifme we ar ingraftit into Jefus Chrift, to be maid Par. takeris of his Juftice, by the whiche ourSinnes ar coverit and remittit. And alfo, That in the Supper, rightly ufir, Chrift Jefus is Co joyned with us that he becumeth the very Nurifchment and Foode of our Saullis. Not tha't we imagine any Tranfubf^antiatioun ofBreidinto Chrifts naturall Body, and of Wine into his naturall Blood, (as the Papifis have pernicioufly taught and damnably beleved j but this Unioun and Communioun whiche we have' with the Body and Blood of Chrift Jefus in the right Ufe of the Sacrsmentis is wrought by Operatioun of the Holy Gh^ft, quho by trcw Fayth carrieth us above all Thingis that ar vifibel, carnall, and earthly, and makethe us to I^ «• f feid 250 ^The Hiftorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. - ^ - ' - - - . ., feid upoun the Body and Blood of: Chrift Jefus, whiche was once broken, and fched for us, whiche now is in the Heaven, and appeirethe in the Pre- {ens of his Father for us. And yet notwithftanding the far Diftance of Place, whiche is betwixt his Body now glorifiet in the Heaven, and us now mortall in the Erthe ; Yit we moft affuredly belcve, That the Bread that we breake is the Communioun of Chrifts Body, and the Cupe whiche we bleffe, is the Communioun of his Blood. So that we confefle and undoubt- edly beleve, That the faythlull, in the right Ufe of the Lords Table, fo do eat the Body, and drink the Blood of the Lord Jefus, that he remainethe in thame, and thay in him : Yea, that thay ar (b mad Flefche of his Flefche, and Bones of his Bones, that as the eternall Godhead hathe gevin to the Flelche of Chrift Jefus fwhiche of the owne Conditioun and Nature was mortall and corruptible) Lyfe and Immortality ; fb dothe Chrift Jelus Flefch and Blood eaten and drunken by us, give to us the fam Prerogatives ; quhilfc albeit we confefTe, ar neyther gevin unto us at that onely Tyme, neyther yic by the proper Power and Vertue of the Sacraments onely ; yet we a5 firme. That the faythfuU in the right Ufe of the Lords Table hath fuche Con- junftioun with Chrift Jefus, as the naturall Man cannot comprehend: Yea, and farder we affirme, That albeit the faythfull oppreffit by Negligence, and manly Infirmitie, doeth not profit (b muche as thay wald at the veray inftant Aclioun of the Supper, yit (all it efter bring forthe Fruite, as lively Seid' Ibwen in gude Grund ; for the Holie Spirit whiche can never be dividir from- the right Inftitutioun of the Lord Jeflis, will not fruftrat the faythfull, of the Frute of that myfticall A6lioun. Bot all this we fay cumeth by trew Fayth, whiche apprehendeth Chrift Jefus, who onely maketh his Sacramentis efFeiSuall unto us 3 and tharefbre, quhofbever flandereth us, as that we affirm- ic or belevit Sacramentis to be onely nakit and bare Signes, do Injury untcr us and fpeak againft a manifeft Treuth. Bot this liberally and frankly we- muft confefTe, That we mak a Diftinftioun betwix Chrift Jefus in his natu- rall Subftance, and betwix the Elementis in the Sacramentall Signes. So that we will neyther worfchip the Signes, in place of that whiche is fignifiet by them, neyther yit do we defpile and interpret thame as unprofitable and vane, bot do ufe thame with all Reverence, examining our felves diligently befoir that fb we doe, becaus we ar affurit by the Mouth of the Apoflle, 'That fuche as eat of that Bread, and drink of that Cup un'morth'tly^ ar guilty of the Body and Blood of the Lord Jefus. XXn. Of the right Admmftrat'ioun of the Sacramentis. That Sacramentis be rightly miniftred, we juge two Things requifite: The ane, that thay be miniftred be lawfuU Minifters, quhom we affirme to be onely they that ar appointit to the Preaching of the Worde, or unto quhofe Mouthes God hathe put fum Sermone of Exhortatioun, they being Men lawfullie chufin thereto by fum Kyrk. The uther, That they be miniftred in fuche Elementis, and in fuche Sorte as God hathe appointit. Els we affirme, That they ceas to be right Sacramentis of Chrift Jefiis. And tharefore it is, that we flie the Society with the Papifticall Kyrk, in Participatioun of thair Sacramentis; jirfty Becaus thair Minifters ar no Minifters of Jefus Chrifl (yea, whiche is more horribill) they futfer Women, quhome the Holy Ghoft will not fuffer to teach in the Congregatioun, to baptife. And fecundlf^ Be- caus Lib. III. of Rcligtoun in Scotland. 251 caus they have Co adulterate, lx)thc the one Sacrament and the uther, with thair awn Inventiounis, that no Part of Chrifts Actioun abydeth in the ori- ginall Purity, for Oyle, Salte, Spittle, and fuche lyke in Baptifme, are hot Mens Inventiouns; Adoratioun, Vcncratioun, bearing throw Streetes and Townes, and keiping of Breid in Boxes, ar Prophanatioun of Chrifts Sacra- ments, and no life of the fame: For Chrift Jefus faid, Tiik and cat, &c. Do ye this in Remembrance of me. By whichc Words and Charge he fanftified Bread and "Wine to be the Sacrament of his Body and Blood j to the end, that one fould be eaten, and that aH (c)uld drink of the uther, and not that they fould be kept to be worfchipit and honourit as God, as the blind Pa- pifts have done heretofoir, quho alfo have comlttit Sacrilege, ftealing fromo the People one Part of the Sacrament, to wit. The biefTit Cupe. Mairover, that the Sacramcntis be rightly ufit, it is requirit, That the End and Caus quhy the Sacramentis wer inftitutir, be underftudc and oblervir, as well of the Minifter as the Receivers: For if the Opinioun be changit in the Receiver, the right Ufe ceifeth : Whiche is moft evident by the Rejeftioun of the Sa- orifices (as alio if the Teacher teach fals Doctrin) whiche war odious and abominabill unto God (albeit thay war his awn Ordinances^ becaus that wicked Men ufit thame to another End then God hathe ordayned. The (am affirme we of the Sacramentis in the Papifticall Kyrk, in whiche we affirme the hole A6lioun of the Lord Jelus to be adulterate, as well in the externall Forme, as in the End and Opinioun. Quhat Chrift Jefus did, and commandit to be done, is evident by the thrie Evangel ifts, quho fpeak of the Sacrament and by St. Panll. Quhat the Preift doeth at his Altar, we neid not to rehears. The End and Caus of Chrifts Inftitutioun, and quhy the (elf-ftm fould be ufit, is expreflit in thefe Words, Do ye this in Remembrance of me. As oft as ye fall eat of this Bread^ and drink of this Cupe, ye fall (hew forth (that is, ex- toll, preach, and magnify^ the Lords Death till he cum. Bot to quhat end, and in quhat Opinioun the Preifts {ay thair Maflles, lat the Words of the (am, thair awn Doftours and Writings witnelTe, to wit, That thay as Mediatours betwixt Chrift and his Kyrk, do offer unto God the Father, a Sacryfice pro. pitiatory for the Sinnes of the quick and the dead, Whiche Doftrine, as blafphemous to Chrift Jefiis, and making DerOgatioun to the Sufficiency of his onely Sacrifice once offerit for Purgatioun of all thos that (all be (ancUfied, we utterly abhorre, deteft, and renounce. XXIII. To qiihome Sacramentis apperteane. We confes and acknawlege, that Baptifme appertaeneth alfweall to the In- fantis of the Faythfull, as unto thois that be of Age and Difcretioun : And to we dampne the Errour of Anabaptiftes, quho deny Baptifrne to apperteane to Childrein, befoir that they have Fayth and Underftanding. Bot the Sup- par of the Lord, we confes to apperteane only to fick as have bein of the ttoufhold of Fayth, cane try and examyn thamefelfis, afweill in thair Fayth, 33 in thair Dewty towardis thair Nychbours. Suche as eat at that holy Table without Fayth, or being at Difcentioun and Divificun with thair Erethrein, do eat unworthely: And tharefoirit is, that in cur Kirkis our Minifters talks publift and particulare Examinatioun of the Knawlege and Converfatioun of iiche, as ar to be admitted to the Table of she Lord Jefus* R r r 3 XXIV 2<2 The Htjlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. XXIV. Of the Civille Magiftrat. "We confes and acknawlege Empyres, Ringdomes, Dominiouns and Cities, to be diftinfted and ordaned by God, the Powers and ^Authorities in the (am fbe it ofEmperours in thair Impyris, of Kingis in thair Realmes, Dukis and Princes in thair Dominiouns, or of utheris Magiftrates in frie Cities ) to be God's holy Ordinance, ordeaned for Manifeftatioun of his awn Glorie, and for the fmgulare Profeit and Comodity of Mankynd. So that quhofbever Eoes about to taik away, or to confound the holy Stait of Civile Policies, now lans eftablilched, we affirme the fam Men not onely to be Enemies to Man- kynd, bot alfo wickedly to feycht againft God's expreffed Will. We farther confes and acknawlege, that fick Perfones as ar placed in Authority, ar to be loved honoured, feared, and holdin in moft reverent Eftimatioun ; becaus they ar the Lieutennentis of God, in whofe SefTioun God himfelf doeth fit and iuge ( yea, evin the Juges and Princes thamefelfis^ to quhome by God is gevin the Sword, to the Prayfe and Defence of guid Men, and to revenge and punifche all open Malefadours. To Ringis, moreover Princes, Reullaris and Magiftratis, we affirme, that cheifly and maift principally the Reformatioun and Purgation of Religioun apperteanes ; (b that not onely they arappoynt- ed for civile Policey, bot alfb for Mantenance of the trew Religioun, and for fuppreffing of Idolatry and Superftitioun quhatfomever, as in David^ Jofa- phat Ezekias, Jofias^ and uthers hychlie comended for thair Zeal in the Caus may be efpyed. And tharefoir we confes and avow, that fick as refift the {upreame Powaris (doing that Thing whiche apperteanes to his Charge) do refift God's Ordinance, and tharefoir cannot be giltles. And farther we affirm. That quhofbever deny unto thame thair Ayd, Counfeill and Comforte, whill the Princes and Reullaris vigilantly travaill in the executing of thair Office, that the fam Men deny thair Help, Supporte and Counfaill to God, quho by the Presence of his Lieutennent craveth it of thame. XXV. The Gift is frelie gevin to the Kirk. Albeit that the Word of God trewly preached, the Sacramentis richtly mi- nif^red, and Difcipline executed according to the Word of God, be the cer- tane and infallible Signes of the trew Rirk ; yit do we not fb meane, that e- very particular Perfone joyned with fick ane Cumpany, be ane eleft Member of Chrift Jefus ; for we acknawlege and confes, that Darnell, Cockle and Chaff may be fawn, grow, and in grit Abundance lye in the Middis of the "Wheat ; that is, the Reprobat may be joyned in the Society of the Eleft, and may externally ufe with thame the Benefites of the Word and Sacramentis. Bot fick being bot temporall Profeflburs in Mouth, bot ncit in Heart, do fall back, and continew not to the End : And tharefoir have they na Fruit of Chriftis Deyth, Refurreftioun nor AfTentioun. Bot fick as with Heart unfean- cdly beleve, and with Mouthe baldly confes the Lord Jefus fas befoir we have faid ) fall moft afTuredly refave thefeGiftis ; Ftrft^ In this Lyfe, Remiffioun of Synnes, and that by Fayth onely in Chrift's Bluid, infbmekill, that albeit Syne remane and continually abyde in thois our mortall Bodies, yit it is not im- puted unto us, bot is remitted and covered with Chrift's Juftice. Secundlie, In the generall Jugement thare fall be gevin to every Man and Woman Refur- reftioun Lib. hi. ofReligioun /« Scotland. 253 re(Sioun of the Flefche. For the Sey (all gevc hir Deid, the Eirthe thois that tharein be incloifed : Yea, the Etcinall our God fall rtretche out his Hand u- poun the Duft, and the Deyd fall aryfe incorruptible, and that in the Subltancc of the lam Flefche that every A'lan now bearis, to receavc according to thair Warks, Glory or Punifchcraent ; for fick as now delytc in Vanity, Creuityc, Filthynes, Superftitioiin or Idolatiy, fall be adjuged to the Fyre incxtin- euifchable, in the whiche they fall be tormented for ever, alfweill in thair awn F>odyes, as in thair Saullis, whiche now they give to fervc the Deviil in all Abominatioun. Bot fick as contincw in weill doing to the End, baldly profelfing the Lord Jefus, to whois glorified Body all his Eleft fall be lyke, quhen he fall appeir agane to Jugement, and fall rander up the Kingdome to God his Father, quho then (all be, and ever fall remane All in all Thingis, God blelTit for ever. To quhome, with the Sone, and with the Holy Gho(^, be all Honour and Glory, now and ever. Amen. Atyfe^O Lord^ and let thy Enemies he confounded; let thame flye fiome tirjf Pre fence that hah thy godly Name : Give thy Servandis Strenthe to fpeik thy Word in Eildnes^ and let all Natiouns atteane to thy trew Knawlege. Thir Actis and Artickles war red in Face of Parliament, and rati(ied be the thre Ellaits of this Reahiic, at Edinburgh the 17th Day of July, the Yeir of God I J 60 Yeirs. This our Confe(rioun wes publi6lly red,(ir(t in Audience oftheLordis of the Artickles, and efter in Audience of the haill Parliament, quhare wer prefent, not on(>ly fick as profeflfit Chrift Jelus, bot alio a grit Number of the Adver- saries of our Religioun, fick as the foirnamcd Bi(chopis, and fum uthers of the temporall El^ait, quho wer comandit in God's Name, to objeft, if they could, ony Thing againft that Doftrine. Sum of our Mini(iers wer pre(ent, (land- ing upoun thair Feit, redy to have anfwerif, in cais ony wald have defendit the Papiflry, and impugnat our Affirmatives : But quhill that no Objcftioun was maid, thare was a Day appointed to voitting in that and uther Heidis. Our ConfefTioun was red every Artickle by itfelf over agane, as they war writ- tin in Ordour, and the Voites of every Man war required according. Of the temporall Eftait oncly voiced in the contrair, the Erie of Athoill, the Lords Somervell and Borth^juick ; and yit for thair diflafenting they produced no bet- ter Refibun, bot, fVe'-jcill hleve as our Forefatheris hlevit. TheBi(chopis ( pa- pil^icall we meane) fpak nothing. The re(t of the haill thrie Eftaites, by thair publicl Voites, affirmed theDocfrine- and mony the rather bccaus that the Bifchopis wald, nor durft (ay nothing in the contrary; for this was the Voic of the Erie of Merfchell. It is lang fen I have had fame Favour unto the Truethe^ and fen I had a Sufpicioun of the papifticall Religioun • lot I prays Gody this Day hes fully refolved me^ in the ane and in the ulher : ^or feing that my Lords Bifchopis^ quho for thair Leirmng can, and for that Zeall they fould heir to the Verity^ wald (^as I Juppois ) gayiefay ony Thing that directly repugnis to the Verity of God. Seing, I fay, my Lordts Bifchopis heir prefent fpeiks nothing in the contrair of the Do^rine proponed, I cannot bot hald it to he the verie Treuthe of God^andthe contrair to be deceaveable Do^rine : And iharefoiry in fo far as in vie lyethe, I approve the ane and damne the uther. And do farther afk of God, that not onely /, bot alfo all my Pofierity, may injoye the Comfort of the DoHrinej that this Day our Earis have hard. And yit moir, t S f f man 254 ^^^^ Hiflorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. man voit^ as it wer be Way of Proteftatioim^ that if ony Perfoiws Ecclefiafttcall fall efter this oppone thamefelfisy to this our Confe^ioun, that thay have no Plaice nor Credit e^ confiddering that thay haveing lang Jdvyifement, and full Knawlege of this our ConfeJ/iouHy none is now fund in lawfully free and quyet Parliament to op- pone thamfel/isy to that quhilk we profes : And tharefoir^ gif ony of this Genera, tioun pretend to do it efter this^ I protefi he he repute rather ane that lovethe his awn Commodities and the Glorie of the Warld^ then the Treuthe of God^ and the Salvatioun of Menis Saullis. Efter the voiting, and Ratificatioun of this our ConfefTioun, by the haill Bo- die of the Parliament, tliare war alfb pronuncit two Actis, the ane againft the Mefs, and the Abuis of the Sacramentis, and the uther againft the Supre- macy of the Paip. The Tenour quhareof followis. The Aft againft the Mefs. IN the Parliament haldin at Edinburgh, the tent- Day of Julii, the Yeir of ^ God I J 60 Teirs, the fa id Parliament being continewed to the fir ft of Auguft nixt thairefter following, with Continewatioun of Days^ iipoun the 2^1 h Day of the faid Monet h of Auguft, the thre Eft aits then being prefent : The quhilk Day^ jor famekill as /llmiihty God^ by his maift trew and hlejftt JVord^ hes declaired the Re~^ •verence and Honour that fould be gevin to him, and, by his Sone Jefus Chrifi, hes declaired the trew Ufe of the Sacramentis^ willing the fam to be uffit according to his Will and Word ; by the quhilk it is notorious and perfytlie knawn^ that the Sacra- mentis of Baptifme and of the Bodie and Elude of Jefus Chrift^ hes hein in all Tymes bygane corrupted by the Papifticall Kirk, and by thair Minifteris ; and pre- fentlie^ notwithfianding the Reformatioun alreddie maid according to God's Word^ yit not the les thare is fum of the fam Papes Kirk, that ftubbburnelie perfeveris in thair wicked Idolatrie, fayand Mejs, and bdpttifing conforme to the Paipes Kirk, prophaning tharethrow the Sacramentis foirfaidj in quiet andin fecreit Places y regairdand tharethrow nouther Cod nor his Word. 'Tharefoir it is ftatute and ordeined in this prefent Parliament, that no Maner of Per fane or Perfones, at ony Tyme cuming, adminiftrate ony of the Sacramentis fecreitUe^ or ony uther Maner of Way, bot they that ar admitted,and have Power to that Effe^ ; nor fay Mefs, nor yit heir Mefs, nor be prefent thareat, under the Pane of Conficatioun of all thair Guids, and punifching of thair Bodies, at the Difcretioun of the Magi- Jirates, within quhais JurifdiHioun fick Perfones happins to be apprehended, for the firft Fait : Banifching of the Rettlme, for the fecund Fait : And juftefeing to the Deid, for the third Fait. And ordainis all Shereffis, Stewartis, Bailyeis and thair Deputes, Proveifts and Bailyeis of Burrows, and uther Juges quhatfumevir within this Reahne, to tak diligent Sute and Inquifitioun within thair Boundis,quhair ony fick ufurped Miniltrie is ufed, Mefs faying, or thay that beis prefent at the do- ing thareof, ratifeand and approveand the famyn, and to tak, and apprehend thame, to the Effe^ that the Paints above writtin may be execute upoun thame. Extraftum de libro parliamenti, per me Jacobum Machll de Rankellour Nether, clericum rotulorum. Sic (iibfcribitur, «: JACOBUS M 'GILL. Thfi Lib. III. of Ki'ligioun in Scotland. 255 The Aft for abolilching the Jurifcliftioun of the Paip. IN the Parliament haU'in at Edinburghe, the tent Day of ]\i\\\^ the Yeir of God •• 1/60 I'ears^ and tl-airefter contnievued to the fir ft Day 0/ Auguft v'lxt than- efter folUmng^ wth Conthie-xatioim of Dayis^ upoun the tvient'ie four Day of the faid Monethe of Auguft, the thre E/iaitif then being prefent, uiiderftauding that the Jurifdiclioim and Aiiihorilie of the Bifchope of Rome, called the Paip, iifit in this Reabne in Tynies bypaft, hes bein very burtjome and prejudiciall to our Soverane's Au' thoritie, and Comouniveill of this Realme : Tharefore hes ftatute and ordainit^ That the Bifchope of Rome have noJurifdiBioun nor Authoritie in this Realme in Tymes cuming, and that nane of our faidis Soveranes SubjeSlis fute or defyre, in any lyme theireftcr, Titill or Richt, by the faid Bifchope of Rome, or his Seft^ to any Thing •within this Realme, under the Panis of E:irzme, that is to fay, Profcriptioun^ Banifchmeut, and never to bruik Honour, Office nor Dignitie •within this Realme : And the Contravetneris heirof to be callit befoir the Juftice or his Deputis, orbefoirthe Lordis of the Seffion, and puneiCt tharefoir conforme to the Laixiis of this Realme ; and the Furneijfaris of thame -with Fynance of Money, and Purchefferis of thair Tittils of Kick, or Manteiners or Defenderis of thame, fall tncure the famyn Paines : And that no Bifchope, nor uther Prelate of this Realme, ufe any Jurif- dinioun in Tymes cuming, be the faid Bifchope of Komo's Authoritie, under the Paines foir faid. Extraftum de libro parliament], per me, Sec. Et fiibfcribitur ut (upra. Thir and uther Thingis ordourly done, in lawful! and frie Parliament, we direftit to France, to our Soveranes, Sir James Sandilandis Lord of Sanft Johne^ with the Aftis of the faid Parliament, that by thame they micht be ratefeit, according to the Promeis of thair Hienes ComifTioneris to us, as by the Con- traft of Peice moft evidently may appeir. Bot how the faid Lord of Sanft Johne wes intreated we lift not to rehers ; bot alwayis no Ratificatioun brocht he unto us. Bot that v^^ittle regairded, or yit do regaird ; for all that we did was rather to fchaw our debtfull Obedience, then to begge of thame ony Strenthe to our Religioun, quhilk from God hes full Power, and neidethe not the Suffrage of Man, bot in fa far as Man hes Neid to beleve it, if that evir he fall have Participatioun of the Lyif everlafting. Bot fumquhat man we an- fwer to fick, as fince have quhifperit, that it was bot a pretendit Parliament, and privy Conventioun, and no lawfijll Parliament. Thair Reffonis ar, the King and Quein war in France, thare was nouther Scepture, Sworde nor Crown borne, &c. and fum principall Lordis wer abfent. We anfwer. That we rather wifh the Papifiis to be quite, then to cuiroufly to travellunto that Heid; for it may be, that quhill they think to hurt us, they tak the Quein and hir Authoritie a grit Blaw, and yit amend thamefelfis nothing. For in quhais Defalt, we pray yow, was the Quein abfent from this Realme ? We think they will not be fo fchameles, as that they will blame the Proteftantis thareof Hir Perfbne was abfent, and that to no fmall Greif of our Hairtis. Bot wer not the Eflaitis of the Realme afTerh- bled in hir Name? Yea, had thay not hir full Power and ComilTioun, yea, the ComifTioun and Comandement of hir Heid the King of France, to S f f 2 convocaC 2^6 The Hifiorie of the Kejormatioun Lib. III. convocat that Parliament, and to do all Things that may be done in lawfull Parliament even as if our Soveranes had bene thare in proper Perfbnes ? If they will limitate the Power of the Princes, to the Places onely quhare thair bode- ly Prefens is, it will be thocht ftrange ; for (b, (all Kingis not onely be com- pelled to cont-ent thame with ane Realme, bot alfo with ane City : For the bodely Prefens of Rings can no more be in divers Cities at ane Inftant, then that they can be in divers Realmes. Hitherto we have- underftude, that quharefoever the Counfaillours of the King, with his Power and Comiffioun, ar affembled, to do ony Thing at his Comandement, that thare is the King's fufficient Prefens and Authority, quharefoever his awn Body be leving at Fre- dome and Liberty ; quhilk if the Papiftes do deny,we will find Fault with thame, and with the Princes that they have abuifed, quhilk mair will annoy thame, than onyThing that we canloife,by the Infufficiency of that Parliament: Quhilk rot the lels we ar bauld to affirme, to have bene more lawfull and more free, than ony Parliament they ar able to produce this hunderethe Yeirs befoir ir, or yit ony that hes infewed fince it was ; for in it the Votes of Men wer free, and gevin of Confcience ; in uthers they wer bocht, or gevin at the Devoti- Dun of the Prince. All Things in it concluded ar able to abyde the Tryell, and not be confumed at the Prove of the Fyre ; of uthers the Godly may jufl- !y call in Dout Things determined. To the Sworde and Sceper, nor yit the Abfence of fum Lords, wc anfwer Nothin'^: For our Adverfaries knaw weill aneuche, that the ane is rather a Pompe and glorious vane Ceremony, than a fubftantiall Point of NecefTity, required to a lawfull Parliament : And the Abfence of fiim prejuges not the Powers of thame that ar prefent, provyding that dew Adverteifement be maid unto thame. Bot now we returne to our Hiftory. The Parliament difTolved, Confultatioun was had, how the Kirk micht be eftablifched in a gude and godly Policy, quhilk by the Papiftes was alto- o-ither defaced. ComifTioun and Chairge was gevin to Maifter jfohnc PVin- ram Sub-prior of Sanft Aildrois^ Mr. Johne Spottificode, Mr. Johne Douglas Rectour of Sanft Andro'is^ Mr. Johne Row and Johne Knox to draw in a Volume the Policy and Difcipline of the Kirk, alfweill as they had done the Doftrine, quhilk they did, and prefented it to the Nobility, quho did perufe it mony Days. Sum approved, and willit the fam to have bein (kt furth as a Law ; uthers perceaving thair carnall Liberty and warldly Commo- dity fumquhat to be impaired thareby, grudged, in fa mekill that the Name of the Bulk of Difcipline became odious unto thame. Every Thing that re- pugned to thair corrupt Affeftiouns, was tearmed in thair Mockage, Devoit Imwinatiounis. The Caus we have befoir declaired ; fum wer licentious, fum had credily grippit the Pofleffiouns of the Kirk, and uthers thocht they wald not lack thair Parte of Chrifl's Cote ; yea,and that befoir that ever he was hang- ed as by the Preicheours they wer oft rebuiked. The cheif grit Man that had profefTit Chrifl Jefus, and refuifed to fubfcryve the Bulk of Difcipline, was the Lord ErPiin. And no Wonder, for befyids that he hes a very Jefahell to his Wyfe, if the Pure, the Scullis, and the Miniftry of the Kirk had thair awn his Kitcheing wald want twa Partes and mair, of that ^quhilk he now injuf^ly poffeffes. AfTuredly fum of us have wondered, how Men that pro- fefs Godlines could, of fa lang Continewance, heir the Threatnings of God a- gainft Thevis, and againft thair Houfes, and knawing thamefelfis |ilty of fick Things, Lib. III. of Rcllgioim in Scotland. 257 Thing;s, as wer opinly rcbuikcd, and that they never had Remors ofConfcicnce nether yit intended to reltoir ony Thing of that, quhilk lang riiey had ftollin' and rett, Thare war nane within the Realme more unmercifull to the puir Minilleris thane war they that had the gritteft Rentes of the Kirkes. Bot in that we have perceaved the auld Proverbe to be trew ; Noi/jii/jr can fuffice a Wretchc ; and again, 'the the Bellie Lis na Ear'ts. Yit the fam Buik of UiC- cipUne was fubfcryved, by a grit Parte of the Nobility ; to wit, the Duikes Grace, the Erie of y^/r^w, the Eries of Argyll, Glericainie, Merfchell, Meuteithe Mortoitii, Rothoiff, Lord yams, now Erie of Murray, Lord Tefter, Boyd U- chiltrie, Maiiter of Max-joell, thairefter Lord Herife, Lord Lvidejay elder 'and the Maifter now Lord; Barones, Drumlanrig, Lochinvar, Garlijs, Barganie Mr. AlesarJer Gordowi Bifchope of Gallo-joay, Alexander Campbell Dean of Mur- ray, with a grit Number mo, fubfcryved and approved the faid Buik of DiC cipline, in the Tolbuythe of Edhihurghe, the 27th Day of Jamiare i;6o Yeirs by thair Approbatioun in thefc Words. * rWE quhilk have fubfcryved thir Prefentis, have'wg a^vyfit with the Artkkks '* he'irin fpecifeit, and ar is above wentionat, from the Beginning of this Buik think the fain gude, and conforme to God's Word in all Pointis, conforme to the Notes and Additiowies thareto eiked ; and promittis to fett the fam fordward at the uttermoft of our Powers, provyding that the Bifchopcs, Ahbotes, Pryors and n- tier Prelates and beneficed Men, qiihilks ellis have joyned thamefelfis to us hruik the Revenems of thair Benefices during thair Lyfetymes, they fujieining and uph aid- ing the Minftry and Mimfteris, as is heirin fpecifcit, for preaching of the Word and mniftrating of the Sacrament is. ' * Quhat be the Contents of the haiU Buik, and how that this Promeis was illuded from Tyme to Tyme, we will efter heir. Schort efter the faid Parliamant war fend from the Counfaill AmbafTadours to Ingland, the ErIes of Mortoun and Glencairne, togither with William Maitland of Lethingtoun younger. The cheif Point of thair Comiffioun was erneftly to crave the conftant AfTiftance of the Quenes Majefty of Ingland, againft all fb- rane Invafioun, and to propone the Erie of Arrane (quho then was in no Imali Ef^imatioun with us) to the Quene of Ingland in Marriage. That fame Tyme was the Caftell of Sempill befieged and tane, becaus the Lord rhareof difobeyed the Laws and Ordinances of the Counfaill in mony Things, and efpecic.lly in that, that he wald mantein the Idolatry of the Mefs and alfo that he befec the Way to the Erie of Arrane, with a grit gathering' as he was ryding with his accuffomed Cumpany. The Papifts wer proude* for they luiked for a new Army from France at the next Spring, and thareof was thair no fmall Apeirance, if God had not utherways provydit. For France utterly refufed the Confirmatioun of the Peice contra^ed at Leyth, and wald ratifie no Parte of our Parliament, and demifTit the Lord of St. Johne, without ony refolute Anfwer, began to gader new Bands of Throt-cutters, and to mak grit Preparatiouns for Schipis. They farther fend before thame certane Prafteifers, (amongs quhom the Lord Seytoun quho had departit with the Frenche out of Ley the was one) to rais up new Trubles within this Realme. And all this come partelie of the Malice of the Hous ofGuyfe, quho had al vowit to revenge the Difplefbur of thair Sifter both upoun England and Scot- land, and partely be the Inftigatioun of proude ^^/ww, falily cailit Bifchope T t t 'of 2^8 ^The Hi ft or ie of the Reformatioun Lib- of Glafgowy of Diiric, Abbote of Biimfenueling, Sadies Seytoim^ and Mr. Johne Swdair Deane of Reji'alng, with fick uthers of the French Faftioun, quho had openly fpoken that they had refufit all Portioun of Scotland, unlefi that it war under the Government of a Frencheman. Recompeuce tbame (O Lord) as thow knaisois maift expedient for thy awn Glory, and for the perpetitall Schame of all Tratours to thair Comonn-welthe. The certane Knawlege oi all thefe Things came to our Ears, quhareat mony wer afrayde, for divers fufpeftit that England wald not be (b fordw^art in Tymes to cum, confiddering that thair former Expenfes wer fb great. The principall Comfort remainit with the Preicheours, for they aifured us in Gods Name that God (buld performe in all Perfeftioun that work in our Hands, the beginning quhareof he had Co michtelie manteined, beaus it was not dures, bot his awn. And tharefore exhortit us, That we fbuld con- ftantly procede to reforme all Abufles, and to plant the Miniftry of the Kyrk, as by Gods Word we micht juftifie it, and then comitt the Succefs of all to our God, in quhos Power the Difpofitioun of Ringdomes ftands. And fo we began to do, for Troubles appeiring, maid us geve Eare to the Admo- nitiouns of Gods Servands. And quhill that we had icarcely begun agane to imploir the Helpe of our God,and to fchaw fiam Signes of our Obedience to his Meffingers and holy Word, Lo the potent Hand of our God from above fent unto us a wonderfull and moft joyfull Deliverance : For unhappy Fran- cis Hufband to our Soverane, fuddaneiy perifchit oi a rotten Eare. Bot be- caus the Deyth of that Chyld was not onely the Caus of Joy to us in Scotland^ bot alfo by it war the faythfuU in France delivered, as it wer, from the pre- fent Deyth ; We think expedient to intreate the fame fumquhat more lairgly. Thefe cruell and conjured Enemies of God and of all Godlines, the Duck ofGuyfe, the Cardinall of Lorane, and thair Faftioun, quho then at thair awn Appetites played the Tyrantes in France, had determined the Deflrudiioun of all that profefTit the trew Knawlege of Jefus Chrift within that Realme. Quhat Tyrrany laitly befoir they had ufTit at jimhoys, the Hif^ory of Frame doeth Witnes : Now in Orleance in the Monethe of November, conveint the King unhappy Francis, the Quene our Soverane, and the Quene Mother, the Duck of Guyfe, with all his Faftioun, the King of Navar^'^nd the Prince his Brother. So that great was the Confluence of the Nobility, bot gritter was the AC^ fembly of the Murtheraris (for thair was not ane Hangman in all France quhilk was not thare.) The Prefbnes wer full of the trew Servands of God : The King of Navar, and the Prince his Brother wer conftitute Prefbners. The ScherefF of Orleance, a Man feiring God, was taken, and fo wer mony uthers of the Town. Breifly thair was nane that profefTit God or Godlines ,within that Toun, that luiked not for the Extremity, for the Walls and Yets wer Nicht and Day keaped with the Garifbnes of the Guyfianes, miferabill Men war daylie brocht in to fiifFer Jugement, bot nane was fuffered to departe fiJrtb, bot at the Devotioun of the Tyrrantes. And fb they proceded till the tent or twelft of December, quhen that they thocht Tyme to put thair bludy Counfaill in Executioun, and for that Purpois Conclufioun was tane. That the King fould departe of the Toun, and ly a£ a certane Place ; quhilk was done to this Intent, That thair fbuld be no Sute made to the King for Saifty of any Mans Lyfe, quhom they thocht worthy of Lib. III. of Rcligiomj in Scotland. 2^^ of Deyth. And I"o was the Kings Rous in Orkame broken upe his EcU Coft"ers, andTapyftry fend away, his awn Buittes pur one, and he firrine at the Mcfs, immediately thareftcr to have departed, and fo tlinir Tyrrany fo have begun. Quhen all Things (we fay) wer into this Redincs to fched the Elude of Innocents, the Eterncll, our God, qnh evir -watchs for the Prefcrvatia.'- cf h'ts awn, began to work, and fudouncly did put his awn Work in Executioun for as the Hiid King fit at Mers,he was fuddanely ftrickin with ane Apoibme' in that dcafe Ear that never wald heir the Treuthe of God. And fo was he caried to a voyde Hous, layed upoun a Pallayes of a Bed, unto fick Tvme as a Cannaby was fet upe unto him, quhare he lay till the'i; Day of Decern her 1560 Years, quhen his Glory penlihed, and the Pryde of his ftubburne Hairt evanifched m Smoke j and fo was the Snair broken, the Tyrrants dif apointed of thair Cruelty ; they that war apoynted to Deyth, war rayfcd as' it war, out ot thair Graves ; and we, quho by our Fulifchnes had maid our- felves Slaves to Strangears, wer reftored agane lo Frcdome and Liberty of a free Real me. O that 'we -me bad Hairts deipJy 1o confuUer quhat ar thy -juoiidrous JVorls 0 Lord, that i^e micht prays them the mids of this maift ohftwate and wkked'Ce- tieratioun, and leave the MemormJl of the fame to our Poflerrtie, qnhilk a/lace •we feir fall foryet thefe thy we/innaMl Benefit es. The godly in France upoun this fuddane Deyth fet furth thefe in Verfes, an Admonitioun to Kind's. Ad hujus temporis monarchas protrepticon carmen. r^Onfiliis chiftum oppugnans, & fraitctibiis ingens ^^ regum ilk terror Carolus : Ipfis r'tdiculus piieris, fur'iofus, & excors^ totus repente corrnit. ^uqiie Henrice malis dum confultoribus uteris fit is piorum fanguinem : Ipfe tiio vecors, inopina, c^de peremtus terra inibuifti fangnine. Henrici deinceps, fecfaus veftigia patris FrancifcHs tnfalix ptter Clamantem Chriftum furda dim negUgit aure aure putrefa^a corrnit. Verfuti, fatui, furdi, h^c fpecfacula, reges^ vos fapere vel mori jubent. The meanying quhairof is that foHowis^ KYnge Charles that Tyrane terrible Withftanding Chrift with Wirt and Craft, As mocking Stock moft miferablc, Endit at anes ragine and daft. Then Henrie through evil! Cumpnny, Thrifting the Blood of godlie Men, With his awin Blood fched fuddantlie, Was raaid to wait the End ye ken. T t t 2 Leift 260 The Ht/iorie of the Refer matioun Lib. III. Leift Frances that unhappie Child His Fathers Footfteps following plane, Tq Chrift crying, deafe Ears did yeild, Ane rotten Eare then was his baine. O craftie deif and foolifch Kyngs, Thefe feirfuU Jugements gone befoir you Biddeth you be wyfer in your Reignes, Or fchamefull Death will fbne devour you. The Deyth of this Ring maid great Alteratioun in France^ England and Scotland. France was erefted in fbme Efperance, that the Tyranny of the Gujfianes fould no langer rigne above thame, becaus that God a| unwares had brokin the Staf quhareupoun they leaned ; bot allace, they t&«- deceaved : For the Simplicity of (um was (b abufed, that againft the Laws of the Re- alme, to the Quene Mother was comitted the Regiment, quhilk lifted up alfl well the Duck of Giiyfe^ as the cruell Cardinall, for a Seafbun, The Quene o{ England^ and the Councell, remitted our AmbafTadours with Anfwer, That fche wald not marie haftely, and tharefor willit the Councell of Scotland^ and the Erie of Arrane foirfaid, not to depend upoun anie Hoipe thareof Quhat Motives Iche had, we omitt. ThePryde of the Fapifts oi Scotland ht^zn to be abated, and fum that e- ver had (chawen thamefelfis Enemies unto us, began to think, and playnely to (peak (amongs quhome the auld Sheref of Air was anej that they per- ceavit God to fecht for us. The Erie of Arrane himfelf did more patiently abyde the Repuls of the Quene of England^ becaus that he was not altogither without Hope, that the Quene of Scotland buir (um Favour unto him : And (b he wrote unto her, and fend for Credite a Ring, quhilk the (aid Quene our Soverane knew well yneuche. The Letter and Ring wer both prefented to the Quene, and of her receaved. Anfwer was returned to the faid Erie, ef- ter the quhilk he made no farther Ferfute in that Matter : And yet not the lefs, he bare it heavely in Heart, and mor heavely theft mony wald have wilched. The Certainty of the Deyth fbrefaid wes Hgnified unto us both by Sey and Land. By Sey receaved Johne Knox fquho then had grit Intelligence both with the Kyrk, and fumofthe Court of France) Letters, That the Ring was mortally feik, and could not well efchape the Deyth. Quhilks Letters receaved that fame Day at Efternone, he pafl: to the Duckes Grace, to his awn Ludgeings at the Ryrk of ffz7^,with quhome he fand the Lord Jatnes in Confe- rence togither : fThe Erie of Arram was in Jedburgh) to quhome he opened fick News as he had receaved, and willet thame to be of gude Com forte ; for, faid he, the Advertifare hes never yet abufit me: (It was the fam Gentil- man that gave us firft Rnawlege of the Slauchter of Harie the Ring of France) and (chew unto thame the Letter, bot wald not expres the Mans Name. Quhill they war refToning in divers Purpoifes ; and he upoun the ane Parte comfdrt- ing thame, and thay upoun the uther Parte comforting him, (for he was in no fmall Hevines, be redbun of the late Deyth of his dear Bed-felloW Marie Boixiis ;) quhill, we (ay, they thre wer familiarly communing togither, thare cam a Meffinger from the Lord Gray furth of Berwick^ with Letters, afTuring him of the Deyth of the King of France. Quhilk divulgat and noy(ed abrode. Lib. III. of Rcligioim in Scotland. 26 1 a generall Conventioun of the haill Nobility was apointcd to be halden at E- dmbiirgh the fyCt Day of Jiinmre following, in the quhilk the Buik of Difci- pline was pcrufcd newly over agane, for Cum pretended Ignorance, be rellbn they had not hard it. . In that AfTembly was Mr. Alexander Anderfoun Subprincipall of Ahirdene a Man mor fubtell and crafty than outher learned or godly, called, quho refuf- ed to difpute of his Faythe, abufTing a Place of Tertnllijue to doke his Igno- rance. It was anf\vercd unto him, That Tertiillijnc fbuld not prejudge the Authority of the Haly Ghoft, quho by the Mouthe of Peter comands us to give ReiToun of our Fayth to every one that requires the fam of us. It was farder anfwered. That we nouther required him nor yet ony Mart to difpute in any Foynt concerning our Fayth, quhilk was grounded upoun Gods Word and fully exprefled within his Holy Scriptures, for all that we beleved with- out Contraverfie. Bot we required of him, as of the rell of thePapifts that they wald futfer thair Doftrinc, Conftitutiouns, and Ceremonies to cum to Tryell ; and principally, that the Mefs, and the Opinioun thareof^ be thame taucht unto the Pepill, micht be layde to the Square-rewll of Gods Worde and unto the richt Inftitutioun of Jcfus Chrift, that thay micht underftand quhidder that thair Prcicheours offended or not, in that, that they affirmed The Aclioun oftheMefsto be expreditly repugning unto the laft Supper of the Lord Jcfus ; the Sayer of ir to comitt horribill Blafphemy, in ufurping up. oun him the Office of Chrift ; the Hearers to comit damnabill Idolatry and the Opinioun of it conceaved to be Derogatioun, and as it war difTanullinf^ ot ChriftsDeyth. Quhill the faid Mr. A/e.\\v:der denyGd, that the Preift tuk'up. oun him Chrifts Office, to offer for Sin, as it was alledged, a Mes Buik was produced, and in the begyning of the Canone wer thefe Words red, Siifiipg fanclu trinitas hanc ohlatioiiem, qmm ego indigmis peccaior^ offero i'lhi iivo Deo & vero^ pro peccatis uie'ts^ pro peccaits totiits ecclefu vhorum & mortiwritm &c. Now faid the Reffoner, if to offer for the Sines of the haill Kirk, was' not the Office of Chrift Jefus, yea that Office that to him onely micht, and may apertein, let the Scripture judge. And if a vylle Knave, quhome ye call the Preift, proudly takes the fame upoun him, let your awn Buke Witnes. The laid Mr. Alexander anfwered. Chrift offered the Propitiatory, and that nane culd do bot he; bot we offer the Remembrance. Quhareunto it was anfwer- ed. We thunk God that ye have denyed a Sacrifice propitiatory to be in the Mefs ; and yet we offer to prove, that in mo than ane hundreth Places of your papifticall Doftours, this Propofitioun is affirmed. The Mes is a Sacrifice propitiatory. Bot to the fecund Parte, Quhare ye allege that ye offer Chrift in Remembrance ; we ask firft, Unto quhome ye do offer him } Next, by quhat Authority ar ye affured of well-doing ? In God the Father thare faills no Oblivioun : And if ye will yet fchift and fay, that ye offer it not, as if God wer forgetfull, bot as willing to apply Chrifts Merittes unto his Kirk ; We demand of you, quhat Power and Comandment have ye fo for to do ? We knaw that our Mafter Chrift Jefus comanded his Apoftells to do that quhilk he did in Remembrance of him. Bot plane it is, that Chrift tuk Breid^ gave Thanks^ brak Bred, and gave it to his Difciples, faying, Tak ye, eit ye, this is my Body quhilk was brokin for you ; do this in Remembrance of me, &c. Here we find a Comandment, to tak, to eit, to tak and to drink ; but to offer Chrifts Body eyther for Remembrance or Applicatioun, we find not : And tharefore we fay, To tak upoun you ane Office quhilk is not geven unto you U u u is 262 The Hillorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. is injuft Ufurpatioun, and no lawful! Power. The faid Mr. Alexander being more then aftonifched, wald have fchiftit ; bot then the Lords willit him to anfwer dire6^1y. Quhereto he anfwered, That he was better fein in Philofb- phy, then in Theology. Then was commanded Mr, Jolme Leflie (quho then was Ferlbne ot Une^ and now Lord Abbote of Lendores^ and efter maid Bifchope of Ros) to anfwer to the former Arguments ; and he with Gravity began to anfwer, // our Mafter have nothing to fay to it^ I have nothing ; for 1 htaw nothing hot the Canone Law : And the gritteft Kejfoun that ever I culd find thare is, Nolumus &: Volumus j and yet we underliand that now he is the onely Patrone of the Mefs. Bot it is no mervell^ for he underftude that he is a Preilts Gett and thare fore we fould not wonder, albeit that the aitld Trewane Fers he trew, Fatrem fequitur Cua. proles. The Nobility hearing that neyther the ane nor the uther wald anfwer direftly, faid, fVe have bene miferably deceaved heir- tofor-y for if the Mefs may not obtean Ketnijfmm of Sines to the quick and the dead, quharefore war all the Abbacies fo richly dotit with our Temporal! Lands ? Thus much we thocht good to infert here, becaus that fum Papifts are not afchamed now to affirme. That they with thair Reafbnes could never be heard, bot that all that we did, we did it by mere Force ; quhen that the quhoUe Realme knowes. That we ever requyred thame to fpeak thair Juge- ments freely, not onely promifing unto thame Proteftioun and Defence, bot alfo that we fould fubfcryve with thame, if they be Gods Scriptures culd con- fute us, and by the lame Word eftablifche thair Aflertiouns. Bot quho can corre^ the Leifwgs of fick as in all I'hingis fchaw thamefelfis the Sones of the Fa- ther of all Lies. Preferve us, 0 Lord, from that pervers and malicious Genera- tioun. Amen. At this fame Aflembly was the Lord James apointed to go to France to the Quene our Soverane, and a Parliament was apointed to begin the 20. of Matt next following ; for at that Tyme was the Returne of the faid Lord James luiked for. And fo was that Conventioun diffolved, without ony uther Thing of Importance concluded. The faid Lord James prepared himfelf for his Jor- ney ; (for albeit he faft in the publifl Effairs, he fufteined the Charges and his own Expenfes ; and yet thair never pafl fra this Realme in the Cumpany of ane Man fo many, and fa honefl throuche England to France;) befor he de- parted, he was foirwarned, alfweill of the Danger of France, zs of the Quenes Craft Cnot that we then fufpefted her Nature, bot that we underftude the Malice of her Freinds; ) he was planely premeifit. That it ever he condefcend. ed that fche fould have Mes publiftly or privately within the Realme of Scot- land, that then betrayed he the Caus of God, and exponit the Religioun even to the uttermoft Danger that he culd do. That fche fuld have Mes publictly, he affirmed that he fiild never confent : Bot to have it fecreitly in her Chal- mer, Quha culd flope her. The Danger was fchawin ; and fo he departed. The Eleftioun of the Superintendents heirefter follows in this Maner. L I B. III. of Rcligicun in Scotland. 26^ The Forme and Ordour of the UeR'toun of tie Siiperniteiidents^ qtihilk may ferje aJfo 111 Eleflionn of all iitbcr Min'iftcrs. Jt Edinburghe the gtl; of Meiche I j6o I'ciris, Johne Knox hii/^ Miuifter. flrlt^ was maid a Sermonc, in the qiihilk thirHeids war intreatcd. FnJ}^ Tiie Ncccnity of Minifters and Superintendents. i. The Crymcs and Vyccs that micht unaGle thame. 3. The Vertucs required in thame. And lafty Quhiddcr fick as by publift Confent of the Kyrk wer callit to f:ck Office, micht retuis the fame. The Sermone finifched, it was declared be the ftme Minifter, Maker thare- of, that the Lords of Secrete Coiincell had gevin Charge and Power of the Kirks of Laidbiane, to chufe Mr. Jolme Spottifwode Superintendent j and that fufficient Warning was made be publifl Edift to the Kirks of Ediiibmgbe^ Lm. Jytbgow, StrheUiig^ Tranent, Hadingtonn znd Dunbar-^ as alfb to Earles, Lords, Barones, Gentilmen, and uthers, having, or quho micht dame to have Voite in EleiSifiun, to be prefent that Day, at that fame Hour. And tharefore In- quifitioun was made, Quho wer prefent, and quho wer abfent. Efter was called the faid Mr. Johie, quho anfwering the Minifier, demanded, Gifony Man knew ony Cryme or Offence to the laid Mr. Jobne, that mycht unabiil him to be called to that Office ? And this he demanded ihryis. Secmdhe^ Quel^ioun was moved to the haill Multitude, if thair was ony uthcr quhome they wald put in Eleftioun with the faid Mr. Jobue. The Pepill werafked. If they wald have the faid Mr. Jobne Superintendent } If they wald Honour and obey him as Chrifl's Minifter, and comfort and afTifl him in every Thing perteining to his Charge ? They anflv'erif. We mil; and -we do fromeis unto b'tm fick Obedience^ as hecumethe the Scbeip to give unto thair Paftoury fa lang as he remains fajthfull in his Office. The Anflvers of the Pepill, and thair Confents receaved, thir Quefliouns wer proponit unto him that was to be eleiSed. ^leftioun. Seing that ye heir the Thrift and Defyre of this People ; do ye not thrnk yourfelf bund in Confcience befoir God to fupport thame, that fo earneftly call for your Comfort, and for the Fruit of your Labours ? Anfweir. If ante TJ/mg is;er in me aliU to fatisfie thair Defyir^ I acknawUge myfelf bound to obey God calling by thame. ^leftioun. Do ye feik to be promoted to this Office and Charge, for ony refpeft of warldly Comoditie, Riches or Glory? Anfweir. God kna'wes the contrarie. ^(eftioun. Beleve ye not that the Doarine of the Propheits and Apoflles, conteined in the Bulks of the Auld and New Teftaments, is the onely trew and mofl abfolute Foundatioun of the univerfall Kirk of Chrift Jefus, infamekiU that in the fame Scriptures ar conteined all Things neceflary to be beleved for the Salvatioun of Mankind } U u u 3 Anfwer / »>■■.. ■■ ... — ■ ■ — — J- — ■' ■ " — " ■ . ■ ■■—■ ^M.. ■ ^ 264. The Hiftorie of the Re/ormatiomi Lib. III. Anfweir. / 'uerely h(leve the fame, and do abhorre and utterly refuis all Do^rine alleged wecelfiXry to Sahatioun, that is not exprejfedly conteined in the fame. ^eftioun. Is not Chrift Jefus Man of Man, according to the Fle(che, to ivit. The Sone of David, the Seid ofJbrahame, conceaved by the Holy Gaift, borne of the Virgin Marie his Mother, the onely Heid and Mediatouf of his Kirk ? Anfweir. He is and without him thair is nouther Sahatioun to Man, nor Lyfe to An- sell. ^eftioim. Is not the fame Lord Jefus, onely trew God, the eternell Sone of the e- ternell Father, in quhome all that (all be (aved wer elefted befbir the Fun- datioun of the World was layd ? Anfweir. / confes md achmndege him in the Unitie of his Godheid, to he God ahove all Thingis hkffit for evir. ^leftioun. Sail not they quhome God in his eternell Councell hes ele<5tit, be callit to the Rnawlege of his Sone, our Lord Jefiis, and fall not they, quho of Purpois ar elefted in this Lyfe, be juftified ; and is not Juftificatioun and fre RemifTioun of Sines obtained in this Lyfe by free Grace ? Sail not this Glo- rie of the Sones of God follow in the generallRefurrqdioun, quhen the Sone of God fall apeir in his glorious Majefly ? Anfweir. / ackna-wlege this to he the Doiirine of the Apoftksy and the moji fingular Com- fort of God's Childrein. ^eftioun. Will ye not contein yourfelfin all Doftrine within the Boundes of this Foundatioun ? Will ye not (tudy to promote the C^m, alfweiU by your Lyfe, as by your Do6lrine ? Will ye not, according to .the Graces and Utterance that God fall grant unto yow, profes, inflruf'ie and mantene the Purity of the Doftrine, conteined in the facred Word of God ? And, to the uttermofl of your Power, will ye not ganefland, and convince the Gaynfayers and Teichers of Mens Invent iouns ? Anfweir. That I do promeis in the Prefeitce of God, and of his Congregatioun heir affemlled. ^eftiomi. Knaw ye not, that the Excellency of this Office, to the quhilk God hes called yow, requires that your Converfatioun and Behaviour be fick, as that ye may be irreprehenfible j yea, even in the Eyis of the Ungodly ? Anfweir, lunfaynedly acknawlege, and humilly defyre the Kirk of God, to pray with me^ that my Lyfe he not fcandalous to the glorious Evangell of Jefus Chriji. ^ejiioun. Becaus ye ar a Man compafTed with Infirmities, will ye not charitably and with Lawlines of Spirit, receave Admonitioun of your Brethrein ? And if ye fall happin to flyid, or offend in ony Point, will ye not be fubjeft to the Difcipline of the Kirk, as the reft of your Brethrein ? The Lib. III. * of Rcligiotm in Scotland. 2^5 The Anfwer of the Superintendent, or Minifter to be eleftcd. / acknawlege myfelf to be a Man^ fuhjell to Infirmity, and ane that hes Ne'id of Correfliom and Admomtioun ; and tharefoir I maift uillingly fuhmit and fuhjeH my felf to the kailfium D'lfciphn of tke Kirk ; yea, to the Difcipline of the fam Kirk by the qubilk I ame ttow called to this Office and Chairge -^ and heir in God's Pre] ens and yoitriSj do promeis Obedience to all Admonitiones, fecretly or publickly gevin ■ unto the qiihilk, if I be found inobedient, I confes myfelf moft worthie to be ejeSled hot onely from this Honour, bot alfo frome the Society of the Faythfull^ in cais of my Stubburnnes : For the Vocatioun of God, to heir Chairge within his Kirk, niak- eihe not Men Tyrantes, nor Lordis^ bot apojntethe tbame Servandis, IVatchemen and Paftoris o'f the Flock. This ended, Queftioun man be aiked agane of the Multitude. ^leftioun. iRequire ye ony farther of this your Superintendent ? If no Man anfwer lat the Minifter proceid. Will ye not acknawlege this your Brother, for the Minifter of Chrift Je(us ? Will ye not reverence the Word of God that proceids fra his Mouthe? Will ye not receave of him the Sermone of Ex- hortatioun with Patience, not refuifing the haiKbme Medicine of your Saulls althocht it be bitter and unpleifmg to the Flefche ? Will ye not finally, man- tene and coniforte him in his Miniflry, againft all fick as wickitly wald rebell againf^ God, and his holy Ordinance ? The Peple anfwereth. We willy as we will anfwer to the Lord Jefus, quho hes conmandit bis Mini- fieris to be bad in Reverence, as his AmbaffcidourSy and as Men that cairfulh *soatthe for tie Salvationn of our Saullis. Let the Nobility alfo be urged with this. Ye have hard the Dewty and ProfeOioun of this your Brother, by your Confentis apointit fo this Charge ; as al(b the Dewty and Obedience, quhilk God requirethe of us towards him heir in his Miniflry : Bot becaus that ney- ther of bothe ar abill to performe ony Thing without the efpeciall Grace of our God in Chrift Jefus, quho hes promeifed, to be with us prefent, even to the Confumatioun of the fVarld ; withunfeyned Hairtis, lat us crave of him his Be- nediftioun and AlTiftance in this Work begun, to his Glory, and for the Com- fort of his Kirk. '7%e Prayer. OLord, to quhome all Power is gevin in Hearin and in Eirfhe, tho\t that art the Eternell Sone of the Eternell Father, quho hes not onely Co luifit thy Kirk, that for the Redemptioun and Purgatioun of the fam, thow hes humilled thyfelf to the Deyth of the Croce ; and thareupoun hes fched thy moft innocent Bluid, to prepair to thyfelf a Spous without Spote ; bot alfo to retein this thy moft excellent Benefite in Memory, hes apointed in thy Kirk, Teichears, Paftures, andApoftles, to inftruft, comfort and admonifche the fam : Luk upoun us mercifully, O Lord, thow that onely art King, Teicher and Hie Preift to thy awn Flock ; and fend unto this our Brother, quhome in thy Name we have chairged V/ith the cheif Cair of thy Kirk, within the Boundis of Lauthiane, fick Portioun of thy Holy Spreif, as thareby he may r)chtly de- Vyde thy Word to the Inftuftioun of thy Flocke, and to the Confutatioun of pernitious Erroures, and damnable Supcrftitiones. Give unto him, gude Lord X X z aMouthf 266 The Hiftorie of the Reformatioun Lib. III. a Mouthe and Wifdome, quhareby the Enemeis of thy Truthe may be con- founded, the Wolfis expellit, and driven from thy Fauld, thy Scheip may be fed in the wholfum Paftures of thy moft holy Word, the Blind and Ignorant may be illuminated with thy trcwKnawlege ; Finally, That the Dregisof Su- perftitioun and Idolatry, quhilk yit reftis within this Realme, being purged and removed, we may all, not onely have Occafioun to glorifie the our onely Lo/d and Saviour, bot al(b dayly to grow in Godlines and Obedience of thy moft holy Willjto the Diftruftioun of the Body of Synne, and to the Reftitutioun of that Image, to the quhilk we wer anes created, and to the quhilk, efr ter our Fall and Defeftioun, we ar renewed, by Participatioun of thy Holy Spirit, quhilk by trew Fayth in the, we do profes, as the bliffit of thy Father, of quhome the perpetuall Incres of thy Graces, we crave, as by the our Lord and Ring, and onely Bifchope, we ar taucht to pray, faying, Our Father that art in Hevin, &c. The Prayer ended, the reft of the Minifters, if ony be, and Elders of that Kirk prefent, in Signe of thair Confents, fall tak the Elected be the Hand, and then the cheif Minifter fall gif the Benediftioun, as follows. God, the Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift, quho hes comanded his Evangell to be preiched, to the Comfort of his Ele61:, and hes called the to the Office of a Watcheman over his Peple, multiply his Graces with the, illuminat the with his holy Spirit, comforte and ftrenthen the in all Vertewe, governe and guyde thy Miniflry, to the Prayis of his holy Name, to the Propogatioun of Chrift's Kingdome, to the Comforte of his Kirk; and finally, to the plaiti Difchairge and Affurance of thy awn Confcience in the Day of the Lord Jelus ; to quhom, with the Father, and the Holy Ghoift, be all Honour, Prays and Glory, now and ever. So be it. I'he laji Exhortatioun to the Ele^ecl. TAke Held to thy felfj and unto the Flock comitted to thy Chairge^; feid the fame cairfully, not as it wer of Compulfioun, bot of Very Love, quhilk thow beareft to the Lord Jefus. Walk in Simplicity and Pure- nes of L>fe, as it becumethe the trew Servand and Ambafladour of the Lord Jefus. Ufurpe not Dominioun, nor tyrranicall Impyre over thy Brethrein : Be not difcuraged in Adverflty, bot lay befoir thyfelf the Exemple of Pro- pheits, Apoftles, and of the Lord Jefiis, quho in thair Miniftry fufteaned Con- tradiftioun, Contempt, Perfecutioun and Deyth. Feir not to rebuik the Warld of Sine, Juftice, and Jugement. If ony Thing flicceid profperoufly in thy Vo- catioun, be not puft upe with Pryde ; nether yit flatter thy felf, as that the gude Succes proceided from thy Vertew, Induftry or Cair : Bot let ever that Sen- tence of the Apoftle remane in thy Hairt j ^hat hes thow, quhilk thcvo hes mt receavit ? If thow hes receavit^ quhy glorieft thow? Comfort the A flflifted, (upport the Puir, and exhort utheris to fiipport thame. Be not fblift for Things of this Lyfe, bot be fervent in Prayer to God, for Increfs of his Holy Spif if. And finally, behave thyfelf in this holy Vocatioun, with flck Sobriety, as God may be glorified in thy Miniftry: And fb fall thow fchortly obtein the ¥1610- ry, and fall receave the Crown promeifed, quhen the Lord Jefus fall apeir in his Glory, quhois Omnipotent Spirit aflift the, and us unto the End. Jmen. Then fine the 23. Pfalme, The Lib. III. of Rcligwim i?i Scotland. 261 Ike Oy.-lciir of the ElecJiouii of Eldens and Deaconis in the privie Kirk of Edin- burghc /" i/:e hegynnig, qiihen as yet thair was no pitHut Jf'ace of a Kirk^ nor opyn AfjemhlieSy hot Jecreit and privie Convent iounis in Houfes^ or in the Feildis. BEfoif that thare wes ony pubII6l Face of a frew Religioun within this Reah-ne,it pleifcd God of his grit Mercie,to illuminat the Hairts ofmony privat Perfbnes, lb that they did perceave and underfiand the Abudcs that wer in the Papii^icall Kirk, and thareupoun withdrew thamefl-lfis from Parti- cipatioun of thare Idolatrie. And becaus the Spirit of God will never fuffer his awne to be idle and voyde of all Religioun, Men began to exercife thamefelfis in reading of the Scriptures fecreitly within thair awne Hcufes ; and Varietie of Perlbnes culd not be keipt in gud Obedience and honeft Fame, without Overfiers, Elders and Decones : And Co begane that frnall Flocke to put thamefelfis in fick Ordour, as if Chrift Jefus had planely tri- umphed in the middes of tharae, by the Power of his Evangell. And ihay did eleft (um to occupie the (upreame Place of Exhortatioun and Reading, (bm to be Elderis and Heiperis unto thame, for the Ovcrfight of the Flocke: And (bm to be Deacones for the CoUeciioun of Almes to be diftributed to the Poore of thair awn Bodie. Of this fmall begyning is that Order, quhilk now God of his grit Mercie lies gevin unto us publiftlie within this Realme. Of the principalis of thame that wer knowne to be Men of gude Converfa- tioun and honeft Fame in the privy Kirk, wer chofen Elders and Deacones to reuU with the Minifter in the publike Kirk : Quhilk Burdene thay pati- ently (ufteaned a Yeir and mair. And then becaus they culd not (without neglefting of thair awen private Houfes) langer wait upoun the publici Charge j they defyred that they micht be releavcd, and that uthers micht be bur- deined in thair Roume: Quhilk was thocht aPetitioun refTonabill of the haill Kirk. And tharefore it was granted unto thame, that thay fbuld nominate and gif upe in Eleftioun fick Perfbnages as thay in thair Confciences thocht maift apte and abill to ferve in that Charge ; provyding that they (buld nominate double ma Perfonis then war fufficient to ferte in that Charge, to the end that the haill Congregatioun micht have thair free Vote in thair Eleftioun. And this Ordour hes bene ever obferved fen that Tyme in the Kirk of Edin- hurghe, that is, that the auld SefTioun befor thair Departure nominat 24 in Eleftioun for Elders, ofquhom 12 ar to be chofcn, and 32 for Deacounes, ofquhome 16 ar to be elefted ; quhilk Perfones ar public^ly proclaimed in the Audience of the haill Kirk, upoun a Sonday Befoir-none, efter Sermonej with Admonitioun to the Kirk, that if ony Man knaw ony notorious Cryme or Caus, that micht unabill ony ofthefe Perfones to enter in fick Vocatioun, that they fould notifie the fame unto the SefTioun the next Thwfday : Or if ony knaw any Perfones mair abill for that Charge, rhey fould notifie the fame unto the SefTioun, to the end that na Man cyther prefent or abfcnt (being ane of the Kirkj fuld complayne that he was fpoyled of his Liberty in Elcfti- oun. The Sonday following Befoirnone, in the end of the Sermohe, the hole Communicants ar comandit to be prefent Efteroone, to gif thair VoiteS as they will anfwer befoir God, to fick as they efteme moft abill to beir the Charge of the Kirk with the Minifters. The Votes of all being receaved, the SctoIcs of ail ar delyvered to any of the Minifters, quho keips the fame X X X a fecreit 2(^8 The Hijlorie of the Kejormntiomi Lib. IIL fecreit fra the Sicht of all Men rill the next I'hurfday ; and then in^he Seffioun he produces thame that the Voites may be counted, quhare the monieft Voites without refpe6l of Perfbnes, have the firft Place in the Elderfchip, and (b pro- ceiding till the Numer of 1 2 be compleit ; Co that if a puir Man exceid the riche Man in Voites, he preceids him in Place ; and it is caHed the firft, fe- cund and thrid Elder, even as the Voites anfweretjie. And this fame is ob- ferved in the Eleftioun of Deaconis. The Fryday efter that Jugement is tane, quhat Perfones ar elefted for El- ders and Decones to (erve for that Yeir ; the Minifter efter liis Sermone reids the fame Names publit^Iy, and gives Comandment openly, that fick Perfones be prefent the next Sonday at Sermone Befoirnone, in the Place to be apoint- ed for thame to accept that Charge, that God by Plurality of Votes had layd uponn thame. Quho being conveined, the Minifter efter Sermone reids the Names publiclly, the Abfents (if ony be) ar noted, and thes quho ar prefenc ar admonilched to qonfider the Dignity of that Vocatioun, quhareunto God hes called thame : The Dewty that they aucht to the Pepill : The Danger that lyes upoun thame, if they be found negligent in thair Vocatioun, And finally. The Dewty of the People towards the Perlbns elefted. Quhilk being done, this Prayer is red, ^he Prayer in the EWioun of the ^deris. OErernell and everlafting God, Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift, quho of thy infinite Gudenes and Mercy, hes chofin to thy (elf a Kirk of the loft Seid of Adame^ quhilk thow hes ever reulled by the Infpiratioun of thy Holie Spirit ; and yet not the left, hes always uflit the Miniftry of Men, alfwell in preiching of thy Word, and Adminiftratioun of thy Sacraments, as in gyding of thy Flock, and provyding for the Puir within the fame, as in the Law, Propheits, and in thy glorious Evangell we hare Witnefles : Quhilk Ordour (O Lord) thow of thy Mercie hes now reftoired unto us a- gane, efter that the publift Face of the Kirk hes bene deformed by the Ty- ' rany of that Romane Antichrift. Grant unto us, O hevinly Father, Hairts thankful I for the Benefites quhilks we have receaved, and give unto thefe our Brethrein, elefted linto thir Charges within thy Kirk, fick Abundance of thy Holie Spirit, that they may be found vigilant and faythflill in that Vocatioun, quhareunto thow of thy Merey hes callit thame. And albeit, O Lord, thefe fmall Begynings ar contemned of the proude World, yet, O Lord, do thow for thy awn Mercies Sake, bles the fame in fick forte that thy godlie Name may be glorified, Superftitioun and Idolatry may be ruited out, and Vertue may be planted, not onely in this Generatioun, bot alfb in the Pofterity to cum. Amen. Grant us this mercifull Father, for Chrift Jefus thy Sones Saik, in quhos Name we call unto thee, as he hes taucht us, faying. Our Father, &c. And fb efter theReherlall of theBeleif, efter the quhilk fall be fung this For. tioun of the 103 Pfalme, ver. 19. The Hevens hich ar, andfb forth to the End of that f falme. Efter the quhilk fall this fchort Admonitioun be gevin to the elefted. Magnifie God, quho hes of his Mercy callit yow to ruill within his Kirk: Be thankfull in your Vocatioun: Schaw yourfelfis Zealous to pro- mote Verity, feir not the Faces of the Wicked, bot rebuik thair Wickit- nss; Tin ITI r\f H piiirin tJV$ 4^f ^/^«-vfrl>».. J J^ NEAV BOOIv, OF C^.¥C'j^cviL Vir.-iciTr ^^s ^M^i'itE Yiuo'tt* ox A Sl-njECT VITALLY INTERESTING TO EVERY AMERICAN CITIZEN. ENTITI.KI), POP[Rl THE P0[ Of TH[ CHORCfl ir n I; THE REPUBLIC. DY REV. JOSEPH S. VAN DYKE, A. M. lumsTKATiB) wtTM sypEBioR iwaRA.vi&ias. The position, efforts, and expressed purposes of Political Romanism in our country have awalvcned an interest wlildi earnestly calls for an array of the facts hearing ui>oii Popery's relation to Christianity and to Civil Liberty. No thoughtful observer of )>ass- intr events, no lover of the pure (iosiiel, no friend of our free institutions can fail to dis- cern its deadly hostility to all the American Cliristian Iiolds dear. It is with this stu- pendous system of error, which is now laboriously endeavorin"; to bind upon this nation tlie fetters of despotism, that this work successfully does battle. Able, comprehensive, and scholarly, written in a fresh, clear, energetic, and elegant style, it meets the demand of the day. It deals with living (luestions, i)resents a fearful compendium of startling facts, and a series of arguments which must force conviction upon tlic mind of every imbiassed reader. Tlie Author's long familiarity with the subject, his extensive correspondence with those in itositions to ascertain the spirit nf tlie Romish Cluucii, and his preparation of ninnerous articles on the subject for the secular and religious press, are a suflicient guaranty that the subjects which occupy his pen are treated in an able and interesting manner. Some idea of the varied character of tlie work may be obtained frc ■ """■"' " '" ""' ""' brief summary of the topics discussed : jhephcrd." Aiiogan, Mich. y ITTfiJ T> I T> I f^V T*Tk T^T^ j'rf'fr.ot besitato to commend any of his As a political power; as the foe of the Church and of Repul *«♦• ^f^y^"' ^•'"^s'' ^"'°°' ''*■ as a peri)etuation of tliat meaningless formulism whicli 1 and we Bpeak for the work a wide- enemy of true ("liristi;inity ; as Paganism under a new name \mwearied antagonist of the true Churcli and of liberty, ci vil:r«t Pre«. Cbnrch, EHingham, in. national. ■ vVil«iV.» w f »v ..Ml. 4 i^unn rium^ quniiiE jnormity was ofmony Yeirs'left and ^ ^ dam* 2^8 The Hiflorie of the Keformatioun Lib. IIL fecrek fra the Sicht of all Men rill the next T'hurfday ; and then in^he Seflioun he produces thame that the Voites may be counted, quhare the monieft Voites without refpeiS of Perfbnes, have the firft Place in the Elderfchip, and Co pro- ceiding till the Numer of 1 2 be compleit ; fo that if a puir Man exceid the riche Man in Voites, he preceids him in Place ; and it is caHed the firft, fe- cund and thrid Elder, even as the Voites anfweretJie. And this fame is ob- ferved in the Ele.ftioun of Deaconis. The Fryday efter that Jugement is tane, quhat Perfones ar elefted for El- ders and Decones to ferve for that Yeir ; the Minifter efter >iis Sermone reids the fame Names publi6lly, and gives Comandment openly, that fick Perfones be prefent the next Sonday at Sermone Befoirnone, in the Place to be apoint- ed for thame to accept that Charge, that God by Plurality of Votes had layd uponn thame. Quho being conveined, the Minifter efter Sermone reids the Names publiclly, the Abfents (if ony be) ar noted, and thes quho ar prefenc ar admonifched to confider the Dignity of that Vocatioun, quhareunto God hes called thame : The Dewty that they aucht to the Pepill : The Danger that lyes upoun thame, if they be found negligent in thair Vocatioun. And finally. The Dewty of the People towards the Perfbns elefted. Quhilk being done, this Prayer is red. , 'the Prayer in the EWtoun of the hUerhi OErernell and everlafting God, Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift, quho of thy infinite Gudenes and Mercy, hes chofin to thy felf a Kirk of the loft Seid of Jdame, quhilk thow hes ever reulled by the Infpiratioun of thy Holie Spirit ; and yet not the lefs, hes always ufiit the Miniftry of Men, alfwell in preiching of thy Word, and Adminiftratioun of thy Sacraments, as in gyding of thy Flock, and provyding for the Puir within the fame, as in the Law, Propheits, and in thy glorious Evangel] we hare Witnefles : Quhilk Ordour (O Lord) thow of thy Mercie hes now reftoired unto us a- gane, efter that the publift Face of the Kirk hes bene deformed by the Ty- ' rany of that Romane Antichrift. Grant unto us, O hevinly Father, Hairts thankfull for the Benefites quhilks we have receaved, and give unto thefe our Brethrein, ele6led linto thir Charges within thy Kirk, fick Abundance of Ay Holie Spirit, that they may be found vigilant and faythfull in that Vocatioun, quhareunto thow of thy Merey hes callit thame. And albeit, O Lord, thefe fmall Begynings ar contemned of the proude World, yet, O Lord, do thow for thy awn Mercies Sake, bles the fame in fick forte that thy godlie Name may be glorified, Superftitioun and Idolatry may be ruited out, and Vertue may be planted, not onely in this Generatioun, bot alfb in the Pofterity to cum. Amen. Grant us this merciful! Father, for Chrift Jefus thy Sones Saik, in quhos Name we call unto thee, as he hes taucht us, faying, Our Fathery 8cc. And fb efter theReherfall of theBeleif, efter the quhilk fall be fung this For. tioun of the 103 Pfalme, ver. 19. The Hevens hich ar, andfb forth to the End of thatffalme. Efter the quhilk fall this fchort Admonitioun be gevin to the elected. Magnifie God, quho hes of his Mercy callit yow to ruiU within his Kirk: Be thankfull in your Vocatioun: Schaw yourfelfis Zealous to pro- mote Verity, feir not the Faces of the Wicked, bot rebuik thair Wickit- nss; T .„ TTT ^f D./:~:. '0 AGENTS. l.aiul i.s tlcstini'il tiiassutno TOPEliY nOSTlLi: TO (•7/7;/;"u^i--*'an..stly.lisn,s.si.m' an eaijiT ilcsire for iiinif consrx)iTi0 3srs = TliP \vor!c contains about ."oo i)a'^('s, printed from new dectvotnie-platcs, from large, dear, Ix-autiful type, on sood wliite paper, made to order. It also contains 16 appro- priate full-page illustrations, by tlie best engravers of I'hiladeli)liia and New York, from six-eial designs by the celebrated artist, A. L. Rawson, of Xew York city. It will l)e furnished to subseril)ers, bomid in FINE INGLISH CLOTH, AT THE LOW PRICE OF - - - - - $2.00 PEOPLE'S PUBLISHING CO., Publishers. 513 Arch St., 139 Sace St., 69 Monroe St., 503 N. Sixth St.. 274 Main St.. Philadelphia, Pa. Cincinnati, 0. Chicago, III. St. Louis, Mo. Springfield, Mass. y. B. — Per»on* wishing a copy nf tlte work will pleate write to the Puhli»l,er», and they will hare an Ayenl call on them. It j« told only through our Agents, and not to the book-ilores, hence booksellers cannot lionestly get them. Eev. ALEX\NDE3 T. McGILL, D. D., Professor in the Theological Seminary, Princeton, Nov.* Jersey, says : "I most earnestly emnmcnd it as an pffort of gre.nt merit, in the diligence and skilful array nf the facts which arc of ?uch fearful moment to the Church and to the country at this hour. This book will do great good in awakening the apathy, and engaging a more earnest inquiry among Protestant people respecting the insidious, busy, and baleful advances of this anti-Clirislian power." Eev. W. KENEY GEEEN , D. D., Professor of Hebrew in the Theological Seminary, Princeton, How Jersey, says : " It hear^ the cvi«lenec of careful preparation, and is vigorously written, and in a style adapted to secure readers and carry conviction. The second part particularly, which deals with important, practical, and living issues, will be sure to attract attention. Upon these points the position is manly, outspoken, and decided." I As EVINCED ill the desiK)tism now streniiouslv defended ; iiesses. both on the platlurm Infallibility .Ingma ; in the disgusting and heaven-insulting '^'^^"lUs notTw..rk'\nNfu^^^^^ ' the frauds nnbliishiiigly palmed uimiii the credidoiis ; in the ,t „f practical, living, vital * veneration of the faithful ; in tlie lying wonders, denoniina citizen, and shamelessly recounted in recent publications: and in 'I'ntly. much laborand time 1 •" .1 i-i . bringnig the book williin nierraiicy and immutability. *" * '"ntion of agents, il ■ liOJIAXfSM THE FOE OF LTHEfrixr Andilie Unchanged and unchangeable, the same in spirit in this enlightened nineteenth century as in the world's niidnig'ut. Koine's noonday of glory ; opposed to civil lilierty. to reli- gions lilK-rty, to a free press, to the edue.ition of the masses, to our Public School .Sy.s- tein, to the sei>aration of t'hurcli and State, to freedom of conscience, to the free distri- bution of t!ie l>ible, to liberty of opinion and free discussion ; in short, to every safegii;ud of )) Max, of the C'ul'kcii, axu of llEruiiLicAxisji. .-v»w wtr «cirea up ro maK a Kohn mtd, quhilk Inormity was of mony Yeirs Mi and 2^8 The Hijlorie of the Kejormatiotm Lib. IIL fecreit fra the Sicht of all Men rill the next I'hurfday ; and then in^fhe Seflioun he produces thame that the Voltes may be counted, quhare the monieft Voites without refpeft of Perfones, have the firft Place in the Elder/chip, and (b pro- ceiding till the Numer of 1 2 be compleit j (b that if a puir iVlan exceid the riche Man in Voites, he preceids him in Place ; and it is caHed the firft, fe- cund and thrid Elder, even as the Voites anfweretjje. And this fame is ob- ferved in the Eleftioun of Deaconis. The fryday efter that Jugement is tane, quhat Perfones ar elefted for El- ders and Decones to ferve for that Yeir ; the Minifter efter his Sermone reids the fame Names publi6lly, and gives Comandment openly, that fick Perfones be prefent the next Sonday at Sermone Befoirnone, in the Place to be apoint- ed for thame to accept that Charge, that God by Plurality of Votes had layd uponn thame. Quho being conveined, the Minifter efter Sermone reids the Names publictly, the Abfents (if ony be) ar noted, and thes quho ar prefenc ar admonifched to confider the Dignity of that Vocatioun, quhareunto God hes called thame : The Dewty that they aucht to the Pepill : The Danger that lyes upoun thame, if they be found negligent in thair Vocatioun. And finally. The Dewty of the People towards the Perlbns elected. Quhilk being done, this Prayer is red. , ^he Prayer m the Ele^'ioun of the Klder'tSi OErernell and everlafting God, Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift, quho of thy infinite Gudenes and Mercy, hes chofin to thy (elf a Kirk of the loft Seid of Jdame^ quhilk thow hes ever reulled by the Infpiratioun of thy Holie Spirit ; and yet not the lefs, hes always uflit the Miniftry of Men, alfwell in preiching of thy Word, and Adminiftratioun of thy Sacraments, as in gyding of thy Flock, and provyding for the Puir within the fame, as in the Law, Propheits, and in thy glorious Evangel! we hare Witnefles : Quhilk Ordour (O Lord) thow of thy Mercie hes now reftoired unto us a- gane, efter that the publift Face of the Kirk hes bene deformed by the Ty- ' rany of that Romane Antichrift. Grant unto us, O hevinly Father, Hairts thankfull for the Benefites quhilks we have receaved, and give unto thefe our Brethrein, elefted linto thir Charges within thy Kirk, fick Abundance of ihy Holie Spirit, that they may be found vigilant and faythftill in that Vocatioun, quhareunto thow of thy Merey hes callit thame. And albeit, O Lord, thefe fmall Begynings ar contemned of the proude World, yet, O Lord, do thow for thy awn Mercies Sake, bles the fame in fick forte that thy godlie Name may be glorified, Superftitioun and Idolatry may be ruited out, and Vertue may be planted, not onely in this Generatioun, bot alfo in the Pofterity to cum. Amen. Grant us this mercifuU Father, for Chrift Jefos thy Sones Saik, in quhos Name we call unto thee, as he hes taucht us, faying. Our Father y &c. And fo efter theReherfall of theBeleif, efter the quhilk fall be fung this For. tioun of the 1 03 Pfalme, ver. 1 9. The Hevens hich ar, and fo forth to the End of that f falme. Efter the quhilk fall this fchort Admonitioun be gevin to the elefted. Magnifie God, quho hes of his Mercy callit yow to mill within his Rirk: Be thankfull in your Vocatioun: Schaw yourfelfis Zealous to pro- mote Verity, feir not the Faces of the Wicked, bot rebuik thair Wickit- IB. HI. of Kcll7inun in Sr-nt1onrl T hsTv brrn iTUIy ?»nrpri^«l tlint. nmid the i»n;^o»'*inR dutios of an important pastoral clmrp*, Mr. Van Pyk<' Im-" lie*-!! bio to pri']«ri- MM-\l«-(Hltvl •fill Clionni;;)! a ilimMttuiiun of the sulct. IIu Iihk ctTliiiitly (Ioiu* a vhIukIiIc tx-rvicc in col- fctiOfC «n>l pmkpntin^, iii a {Mtpuhir anery in our conulry is not ftilly RppnN?iat¥4l. The prcM and the pulpit of the past gonc-rution — when the actual evil was far less than it is now — wf>ri' ^r niorti outrptJcen on the suhjt-Tt than thoy nre at the pn-sent day. I beli^vo tills is due not to (he fact that the evil i? ditninishinK, hut iM-caUiw; thi* Icadem of puMic ojunion are rohiriant to excite the enmity and op|K)4itiou of a {Kiwur that hjis bi-come *o forniidahle. Snrrounded as we iire by the followcry of "The Man of Sin.' it re and nuihoritii-s which can n -t Ik- gaiusaid, and which must carry conviction to every unpr- • judiceIy circuLatcnL lis reading must be productive of good to our country and to the Church of God. REV. JOSEPH G. SYMMES, Pastor First Church, Cranberry, N. J. I have examined Popery, «lc^ »nd find it eminently readable, abounding with ficts strongly stated and well arranged . REV. J. W. CHAMBERS, D.D., Pastor Reformed Church, New York City. I have been very mnch interested in " Popery the Foe of the Church and the Republic." It fills a niche which is occupied by no other work with which I am acquainted. I consider it a useful work, well calmlated to inform the public as to the true character of Popery. The pajwr is excellent, the type so clear and beautififl that the book almost reada ftselt The binding is all tliat con bv dtf^ired. REV. J. A. BLAUVELT, Pastor Presbyterian Church, German Valley, X. J. Mr. Van Dyke is an earnest foe (o the whole system of the Papacy, and give* his reasons therefor in this book. His special object in the book is to show that Popery is still the same that it was in the days of it-* gre."it power, the enemy of liberty in Church and State. He does this by an array of facts, and by the quotation of frank avowals made by higli Catholic anihorities, which ought to be convincing. Mr. Vim Dyke de-ils with Popery in its modyrn aspect, and with the events of its pn??"nt history, and therefore his book is fresh and intereatiug. The style is direct and vigorous — the style of a man iatcat upon his work. THE PRESBYTERIAN, Philadelphia, Pa. Eminently able and timely. It will go like fire, and I hope will be a part of the "brightness of that coming" which will destroy the "^man of sin." REV. M. C. SCTPDEN, D.D., New York City. It is another snccessfnl eflfort to keep the minds of Americans, and especially of all Protestants, awake as to the real genius and constant aims of their common foe. REV. U. JUDD, Rector "Good Shepherd," Allegan, Mich. I have such a bi^h estimate of the anthor as a thinker and scholar that I do not hesitate to commend any of his productions and ask for them the consideration of all thoughtful persons. EEV. W. a CATTELL, D.D., Preet. Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Tlie array of ficls is startling. The style is vigorous, elevating and ennobling, and we speak for the work a wide- spread circulation and a useful mission. REV. G. A. POLLOCK, Pastor First Pres. Church, Effingham, III. '9 ir »• Q t > r — ) i"""« -I'juuiuiy was ormony Yeirs left and ^ y y dam* 2<^8 The Hiftorie of the Kejormatiomi Lib. IIL fecreit fra the Sicht of all Men rill the next '7%urf Jay ; and then in^he Seflioun he produces thame that the Voltes may be counted, quhare the monieft Voltes without refJ3e6l of Perfones, have the firft Place in the Elderfchip, and Co pro- ceiding till the Numer of 1 2 be complelt j fo that if a puir Man exceid the riche Man in Voltes, he preceids him in Place ; and it is caHed the firft, fe- cund and thrid Elder, even as the Voites anfwerethe. And this fame is ob- ferved in the Eleftioun of Deaconis. The Fryday efter that Jugement is tane, quhat Perfones ar elected for El- ders and Decones to ferve for that Yeir ; the Minifter efter his Sermone reids the fame Names publiJlly, and gives Comandment openly, that fick Perfones be prefent the next Sonday at Sermone Befoirnone, in the Place to be apoint- ed for thame to accept that Charge, that God by Plurality of Votes had layd uponn thame. Quho being conveined, the Minifter efter Sermone reids the Names publiclly, the Abfents (if ony be) ar noted, and thes quho ar prefent ar admonifched to confider the Dignity of that Vocatioun, quhareunto God hes called thame : The Dewty that they aucht to the Pepill : The Danger that lyes upoun thame, if they be found negligent in thair Vocatioun. And finally. The Dewty of the People towards the Perfons elected. Quhilk being done, this Prayer is red, , 'j'k Prayer in the Ele^ioun of the hlderiSi OErernell and everlafting God, Father of our Lord Jefus Chrift, quho of thy infinite Gudenes and Mercy, hes chofin to thy felf a Kirk of the loft Seid oi Adame^ quhilk thow hes ever reuUed by the Infpiratioun of thy Holie Spirit ; and yet not the lefs, hes always ufTit the Miniflry of Men, alfwell in preiching of thy Word, and Adminiftratioun of thy Sacraments, as in gyding of thy Flock, and provyding for the Puir within the fame, as in the Law, Propheits, and in thy glorious Evangel! we hare Witnefles : Quhilk Ordour (O Lord) thow of thy Mercie hes now reftoired unto us a- gane, efter that the publift Face of the Kirk hes bene deformed by the Ty- ' rany of that Romane Antichrift. Grant unto us, O hevinly Father, Hairts thankfull for the Benefites quhilks we have receaved, and give unto thefe our Brethrein, elefted unto thir Charges within thy Kirk, fick Abundance of ifcy Holie Spirit, that they may be found vigilant and faythfull in that Vocatioun, quhareunto thow of thy Merey hes callit thame. And albeit, O Lord, thefe (rnall Begynings ar contemned of the proude World, yet, O Lord, do thow for thy awn Mercies Sake, bles the fame in fick forte that thy godlie Name may be glorified, Superftitioun and Idolatry may be ruited out, and Vertue may be planted, not onely in this Generatioun, bot alio in the Pofterity to cum. Amen. Grant us this mercifuU Father, for Chrift Jefus thy Sones Saik, in quhos Name we call unto thee, as he hes taucht us, faying, Our Father ^ &c. And fb efter theReherfall of theBeleif, efter the quhilk fall be fung this For. tioun of the 1 03 Pfalme, ver. 1 9. The Hevens hich ar, and fb forth to the End of that Pfalme. Efter the quhilk fall this fchort Admonitioun be gevin to the elefted. Magnifie God, quho hes of his Mercy callit yow to ruiU within his Kirk: Be thankfull in your Vocatioun: Schaw yourfelfis Zealous to pro- mote Verity, feir noc the Faces of the Wicked, bot rebuik thair Wickit- nss: INDUCEMENTS IT OFFERS TO AGENTS. The siiWjfi't is now pivssiiii; itsi'lT uiimi tlie atlfulinii of all, and i.s dcstiiu'il to assume pvcM jjrcatiT iiii|milaiR-f. Tlit- press, Imlli sfi'iilar and icli^ious, is lanifstly disciissinjj; it. tlicivln awakening' a widf-s|in'ail inttifst, and iniicUuinf,' an eaf{<-r dcsiie l'u;,'hly aroused ; and, i-ons«'ipiently. much labor and lime will Im- .siived to the .Vijcnt. His work will mainly consist in bringing tlie book within the riMcli of the reading nia.s,ses. Inlike many books issuing from the press, and soliciting the attention of agents, it will make its own market, being the only work of the kind of recent date. And the title is itself a lirst-rniation, such as he needs ; to the Christian ministry it is a nuich-needed resunit- of facts, and an exceedingly convenient epitome of doctrines ; to the true i.atriol it id in- valuable. It is cheajt ; within the reach of all. It is written in a transiiarent, vigorous, racy style, and is handsomely illustrated. Tni;ii]MS TO A.aE:N"Ts. Supposing you are ready to engage in the l)Msiness, we now give you our tenn.'s to Agents, which you will regard as strictly conlidential, and not reveal tliem to any one. Price, in Fine English Cloth: To Subscribers, $2.00 i to Agents, $1.20; Agenta' Commission, 80 cts-pero-py. In addition to these very liberal terms, we will olTer you still further iudnceincnts if ynn jmsh the business with imiper energy ; and, in connection with this book, we w;!l also give you an agency for our Hiblcs, by wliicli youcnn make friin iy'^O to .'<-(l i;ermf)ntii e\l la. without any additional expense. Full instruct ions will be sent with voiir oiitlit. Consists of A CanniMing Bnnk, which is used alone by most Agents, as it is cfiivenicn : to carry, and exactly represents the size of tlie book. "(|uality of paper, the style of bind- ing ^the back on the inside of front cover denoting the thickness), the Tilki jnae, Prr- face, Table of Contents, list and sanii les of the Illustrations, the size of page ai.d'type, with pages from , and take it back and return your money at any time within a month if you are not i^leasc d w ith it. The Sample Copy will be sent at Agent's price only to those who take an Agency. The Canvassing-Book, inivate instructions, teaching you how to proceed succes.sfully in the business; blank reports, cards for subscribers, circulars, etc., will be sent you by mail (i)ostage paid), on receipt of SI. I'K'ase write at once, and .state what experience you have had in the business, on what bnoks, and with what success ; nho irhen; ynn saw Ike notice that induced you to send for this CiroiUir. Name .several to^vnships in the order of your choice, and if unoccupied, a few will be assigned you to commence with, and your lilld enlarged as .soon as you may want it. If you have not had experience, we will .send full instructions with your ou'tlit, so that your success will lie sure, and you can commence a jiaying business at once. By reading the U^'tv\Y'Ux:>ni Pctitiouhes] ~ '■"' Z z 2 And 272 ^The Htftorie of the Reformat ioim Lib. Ill' and M'm'ifteris JbuU be planted quhare nane wer ; that Pimifchment fould be a- poiKted for fick as difoheyed or coiitemnit the Super'wtendentis in thair Fmi^ionij. Thridly, That Punilchment may be apointed for the Abuifers of the Sacrament'tSy and for the Conienmer'ts of the fame. Fourtly, 'That no Letters of Seffwun be gevin to anfwer er pay to ony Perfont thair Tei'ndis, without fpeciall Provifiouti^ that the Parochineris retein fa mekill in thair awn Handis^ as is apointed for the Miniftrie; and that all fiik as ar ellis geviii^ be called in, and dtfchairged j and lykewayis that Sherifis gif Preceiptis to that Ejfe^. Fifciy, T'hat neyther the Lordis of Sefftonn^ nor ony iither Judges, proceid iipoim fick Preceptis or fVarraningis, paft at the Inftance of thame that of late have ob- teined Fewis of Vicarages, and Parfones Mances, and Kirk-yairds \ and that fex Aikeris ( // ft mekill thare be) of the Gleib be alwayis referved to the Minifter^ according to the Jpointment of the Biiik of Difcipline ; and that every Minifter may have Letterii thareupoun. Sextly, That no Letteris of Seffioun, nor ony utheris^ tak Place, quhiU the Sti- . pends conteined in the Butk of DtfcipUn, for Suftentatioitn of the Minitteris, be firft confignat in the Hands, at the kift of the Principall of the Parochineris. Se^•enrIy, That Punifchment be apointed againft fick as pitrchefs^ bringis Homffj or executis within this Keahne^ the Paipis Bullis, T'he Tenour of the SuppTtcatioun -was this. PLeis your Honours, and the WifHome of fick as ar prefently conveined with yow in Counfail], to underftand, that be mony Argumentis we perceave, quhat the peftilent Generatioun of that Romane Antichrift within this Realme pretendis, to wit, That they wald of new ere6t thair Idolatry, tak upoun thame to impyre above our Confcience ; and fo tO comand us, the trew Subje6^es of this Reahne, and fick as God of his Mercy hes ( under our Sove- rane) fubjecled unto us, in all Things to obey thair Apetires. Honefty cra- veth, and Confcience movethe us, to mak the very Secreits of our Hairts pa^: tent to your Honours in that Behalf, quhilk is this, That befoir that evir ihefsf Tyr antes and dum Dogis impyre above us, and above fick as God hes fuhjen.ed.^ unto us, that we, the Barones and Gentilmen profeffing Chrili Jefus withtn. thfs Realme, have fullie determined to hazard Lyfes, and quhat foever we have r^^^ ceavedof our God in temporallThingis. We, maiil humely tharefoir, befeikyour Honours, That fick Ordourmay be taiken, that we have not Occafioun to tak agane the Sword of juii Defence into our Handis, quhilk we have willingly • ( efcer that God hes gevin Viftory, bothe to your Honours and us ) refigned , over into your Hands ; to the End, that God's Evangell may be publiftly, within this Realme, preiched ; the trew Preicheours thareof reffbnably fuftein- edj^ Idolatry fuppreffed, and the Comitteris thareof punifthed, according the tlie,.]Lawes of God and Man. In doing quhareofj your Honours fall find us, notlonely obedient unto yow, in all Things lavvfull, bot alio redy at all Tymes to. being under Ordour and Obedience, fick as wald rebell. againft your juft Authority, quhilk, in Ablence of our Soverane, we acknawlege to be in your Hands, befeiking your Honours, with upricht Jugement and - IndifFerency, to luik upoun thefe our few Artickles, and, by thefe our Brethrein, to fignifie un- to us fick Anfwer agane, as may declair your Honours worthy of that Plaice, • quhareunto God Cefter fum Dangers fufteined) in his Mercy hath called yow. And Lib. III. of Rcligiotm ifi Scothnd. 273 Uv'^n>re«''vw^^ I^^O^ta^^r^^ ;'^<^W1;.4^n^<5^ <^^r>VW> "^fec- Viwn^<.c^ "fe ?TU Of/y-^vv>i. ^ '/(. &'i^-i/CL ^ tec. ^^^'^ r v«v« 2 94 T^^^ Ht/lorie of the RefoTmatioun Lib. IV. For the Punifchment of the Thin and of Reafe, quhilk had encreffed upoun the Borders and in the South, from the Quenes Arryvall, was the Lord fcimn apointed Lieutenent ; lum fufpeded that (uch Honour and Charge pro- ceidir from the fame Harte and Counlall that SauU miid David C^L^idnQ againrt x\iQ Pf]irtftines ; hot God aflifted and bowed the Hairts of Men, baith to fear and obey him ; yea, the Lord Bothwell himfelf at that Tyme affifted hipi, (bot he had Remiflioun tor Liddifdaill\) (charpe Executioun was in Jedburgh^ for Twenty aucht of ane Clan and uthers wer hanged at that Juftice-courr, Brvbes Buddes, nor Sollicitatioun, (aved not the Giltie, it he mycht be apprehendit ; and thairfore God profpered him in that his Integrity : Tliat fame Tyme the (aid hord James ^ack to the Lord Gray o( England at Kelfo^ for eude Rule to be kept upoun both the Borders, and agreed in all Things. Before his returning, the Quene upoun a Nycht tuke ane Fray in her Bed as it Horfemen had bene in the Clofe, and if as the Palace had bene in- cloied about ; quhither it proceidit from her awn womanly Fantafie, or if Men pat her in Fear of it, for Difpletbiir of the Erie of Arrane^ and for uther Furpotes, as for the erecting of the Gaird, we know not ; bot the Fear was lb gritt, that the Toun was called* to the Watch ; Lord Robert of Halynidehous, and Jhoiie of Coldinghame keapit the Watch by Courfe j Skouts wer fent forth, and Centrelles, under the Pane of Deyth, wer comandit to keap thair Stationes. And yit they feared quhare thare was no Occafioun of Fear neyther yit culd ever any Appearance or Sufpicioun of fick Things be tryed. Schort efter the returning of the Lord James^ there cam from the Quene of England, Sir Peter Mewtes, with Comiffioun to requyre the Ratificatioun of the Peace mz'id at Leytb. Her Anfwer was, even fick as we have hard be- foir that fche behoved to advyfe, and then fche fould fend Anfwer. In Prefence of hir Counf^ll fche keapit hirfelf very grave (for under the dule Weid fche culd play the Hypocryte in fiiU Perfeftioun ;) bot how tone that ever her Frenrb Fillokes, Fidlars, and uthers of that Band, gat the Hous a- lone, thair mycht be fene ikipping not veray comelie for honefl Wemen ; her comune Talk was in Secrete, that fche faw nothing in Scotland, bot Gra* vity, quhilk repugned altogidder to hir Nature, for fche was brochi up in Joyeufetie ; fo termed fche hir dancing, and uther Things thairto belanging. The Generall AfTembly of the Kirk approched, baldin in December efter the Quenes Arryvall, in the quhilk began the Rewlars of the Court to draw thamefelfis apart from the Society of thair Brethren, and began to fturr and grudge, That any Thing (buld be confulted upoun, without thair Advyles. Mr. Jbone JVode, quho befoir had fchawin himfelf very fervent in the Caufe of God, and forward in geving of his Counfell in all douttull Maters, plane- ly refufed ever to afTift the AfTembly agane, quhareof many did wonder j The Courteours drew unto thamefelfis fum of the Lords, and wald not con* vene with thair Brethren, as befoir they wer accuf^omed, bot keapit thame- felfis in the Abbey ; The principall Comiffiouners of the Kirk, the Superin- tendents, and fum Miniflers, pafl unto thame, quhare they wer convened in the Abbotes Lodging within /ffl/j>'r«/ Scotland. 303 To the ^(eiies MiijeCtie, and hir fecrete and grit Coiwfall^ hir Graces fuyth full and obedient Subje^fi^ the Frofeffours of Chrift Jejus^ his holie Evangill^ 'joifch the Spirit of rychteous Jiigement. THe Feare of God conccaved of his holie Word, the naturall and un- feaned Love we beare unto your Grace, the Dewtie quhilk we aw unto the Quyetnes of our Cuntrey, and the tcrribill Threatninc;s quhilk our G' d pronunces againfl every Rcalme and Cicry, in the quhilk horribill Crynies ar comitted oppinly, and then be the Comitters obftinatly defended, compell us, a grit Pairt of your Subjefts, humhe to crave of your Grace, up- rycht and trew Jugement againft fick Perfbnes as have done, quhat in thame ly, to kendle God's Wrath againit this hole Rcalme. The Impiety be thame comitted is fo heynous, and Co horribill, that as it is a Faft moft vyie and rare to be hard of within this Rcalme, and principally within the Rowells of this Ciety j fo fbuid we think ourfelvcs gilcy in the fame, if negligently, or yit for warldly Fear, we pas it over with Silence ; and thairfore your Grace may not think that we require any Thing (quhill that we crave oppin Mnlefaftours condingly to be punifched) bot that quhilk God hes comandit us to crave, and alio hes comandit your Grace to give to every ane of your Subjeds ; for be this Link God hes knitt togidder the Prince and the Peple, that as he comands Honour, Fear and Obedience to be gevin to the Powers ellablifched be him ; (o doeth he in expreflc Words comand and declare quhat the Prince aweth unto the Subjefts, to w/7, that as he is the Miniller of God, bearing the Sword for Vengance to be rakin on Evilldoers, and for the De- fence of peacible and quyet Men ; fo aucht he to draw the fame without Partiality, fo oft as in God's Name he is requyred thairto. Seing Co it is, JMadame, that this Cryme, fo recently comitted, and that in the Eyes of your hole Realme now prefently aflembled, is (b heynous (for quho heirto- fore hes hard within the Bowells of jB^/W'Wij/', Yettes and Dures under Si- lence of Nicht bruft up, Houfes ryped, and that with Hoffility, feaking a Woman, as apneareth, to opprelfe hir) feing, we fay, that this Cryme is fo heynous, that all godly Men fear not only Goddis fore Difplefour to fall up- oun you and your hole Realme, bot alfo that fick Liberty breads Contempt, and in the end Seditioun, if Remedie in Tyme be not provydif, quhilk in our Jugement is impoffibill, if levere Punifchment be not executed for the Cryme comitted. Thairfore we maift humlie befeich your Grace, that all Affef^ioun fett afyde, you declare yourfelf fb uprycht in this Cafe, that )e may give evident Demonfiratioun to all your Subje^s, that the Fear ofGod, joyn- ed with the Love of comoun Tranquility, hes principal! Seat and Dominioun in your Graces Hart. This farther, Madame, of Confcience we fpeik, that as your Grace in God's Name does crave of us Obedience ( quhilk to rander in all Things lawful I, we ax moft willing) fb in the fam Name do we, the hole ProfefTours of Chryfl's Evangell, within this your Graces Realme, crave of yow, and ot your Counfaill, fcharp Punifchment of this Cryme, and for Per- formance thareof, that without all Delay, the principal! Af^ours of this mofl heynous Cryme, and the Perfewars of this pretendit Villany, may be called befoir the cheif Juftice of this Realme to fuffer ane Affyfe, and to be punifch- ed according to the Lawes of the fame. Your Graces Anfwer maift humbly we befeich. G g g g 2 Thi« 304 The Hi/iorie of the Reformatioun Lib. IV. This Supplicatioun was prefented by divers Gentilmen. The Flatterars of the Court at the firft ftormed, and adced, ^iho durft avow it ? To quhom the Maifter, now Lord Lindefay^ anfwered, A thoujand Gentilmen •within Edin- burfth. Uthers wer efchamed to oppone thamefelfis thareto in public^; bot they fubordned the Quene to give a gentil Anfwer unto fick Tyme, as the Conventioun was diflblved. And lo fthe did ; for fche lacks no Cfaft, both to clocke and mantene Impiety, and Horedom in fpeciall. Sche alledged, Ihat lir Uncle was a Stranger^ and that he had a young Cumpany ; lot fche fuU put fick Ordour unto him^ and unto all uthers^ that heirefter they fuld have no Occa- fioun to complene. And (b deludit fche the juft Petitioun of hir Subjects : " And no "Wonder, for how (all (che punifch in uthers that Vice, quhilk in France is free without Punifchment ? And quhilk Kings andCardinalls ufe moft comonly, as the Mafk and Dauncing of Orleance can witnes ; qiiharein Virgines and Menis Wyfes wer maid als comone to Km^Harie and Charles^ the Cardinalls, and to thair Court and Pages, as comone Harlots of the Bordell ar unto thair Companiouns. The Maner was thus : At the Entry of King Harie of France intheTounof Or/e^«rf,the MatroneSjVirgines and Menis Wyfis wer Co- mandit to prefent thamefelfis in the Kingis Palace at Night to dance : And they obeyed • for comonly the Frenche Natioun is not hard to be intreated to Vani- ty. Efter Fidling and Flinging, and quhen theCardinall of Lorane had efpy- ed his Pray, he ^id to the King, Sire le primiere eft vofire, et fault que je foy le fecond: That is, jiudy that Amitie may increfs, all former Offences being foryett. The Freinds one eyther Pairty embraced uther; and the two Erles departed to ane Windo, and talked by thamefelfis familiarly ane reflbnable Space. And thairefter the firte Botbwell Lib. IV. of Rcligioun in Scotland. 307 ^o^fa;?// departed for that Nycht,and iipoun the nixtDay in the Morning return- ed, with (ome ot his honcit Freinds, and came to the Scrmone withthe Eric forfaid, quhareat mony rcjoyled. Bot God had an uthcr Work to worke, tlien the Eyes of Men could efpy. The Thunfday next they dynit togidder ; and thairefter the faid Erie BalrxtUy and Mr. Qrjjnt Hatimiltotm^ raid to my Lord Dukes Grace, quho then was in Kmnall, Quhat Comunicstioun was bctwix thamc, it is not cer'- tanely knawin ; bor by the Report quhilk the (aid Erie of Anmie maid to the Quene<5 Grace,and unto the Erie of M/trray,by his Wrytings ; for upoun the Fri<:^i}y the tort Day eftcr thair Reconciliatioun,the Sermon being endit,the faid Erie nt'Arr^nf cam to the Hoiis of the faid Jo/.w Kiwx^ and brocht with him Mr. Richard Strang^ and Mr. J/exaur/er Guthre^ to quhom he had oppined the Greif of his Mynde befoir that Johns Knox was called ; for he was ocCupy- ed, as comonely he ufit to be eftcr his Sermone, in directing of Wrytings : Quhilk endit, the faid Erie called the thre togider, and faid, I am trefon- ably betrayed, and with thcfe Words began to weip. Jobie Ktios dcmandir, my Lord, quho hath betrayed you ? A Judas or uthcr, faid he, bot I know it is bot my Lyf that is focht ; I regard it not. The uther faid, my Lord, I underihnd n^t fuch dark maner of fpeiking ; if I fill give you any Anfwer ye mon fpeik more plane. Weill, faid he, I tak you thre to Witnes That I oppin this unto you, and I will wryt it unto the Quene : Ane Aft of Treafoun is layed to my Charge. The Erie Both-well hes fcnawin to me iif Counfaill, that he fall tak the Quene and put hir in my Hands in the Caftle of Duttil-artatie ; and that he fall flay the Erie of Murray, Leth'mgtoun, and u- thers that now mifgyde her, and fo fall I and he reull all. Bot I know this is devyfed to accufe me of Treafoun ; for I know that he will informe the Quene of it: But I tak you to witnes, That I oppin it heir to yow : And I will pas incontinent, and wryt to the Quenes Mijeflie, and unto my Brother the Erie of Murray. Johne Knox dcmandit, Did ye confcnt, my Lord, to any Pairt of that Treafoun .? He anfwered. Nay. Then, (aid he, in my Juge- ment, his Words, albeit they wer fpokin, can never be Treafoun to you - for the Performance of the Fafl depends upoun your Will, quhareunto ye fay ye have difTaffented ; and fb fall that Purpois evanifch and die by the Self unles that ye waikin it ; for it is not to be fuppofed, That he will accuis you of that quhilk he himfelf hes devyfed, and quhareunto ye wald not ccnfenr. O, faid he, ye underf^and not quhat Craft is ufit againft me : It is Trea- foun to conceale Treafoun. My Lord, faid he, Trealbn mon import Confenc and Determinatioun, of the quhilks I hear upoun neyther of your Pairts : And thairfore, my Lord, in my Jugement, it fall be mor fure, and more honourabill to you, to depend updn your awn Innocency, and to abyde the injufl Accufatioun of ane uther (\f any follow thairon, as I think thair fall not) then ye to accufe, efpecially efter Co lait Reconciliarioun, and have non uther Witnefs bot your awin Affirmatioun. I know, faid he, that he will offer the Combatt unto me, bot that wald not be fuffcred in France: Bot I will do that quhilk I have purpofed. And fo he departed, and tuk with him to his Luging the faids Alexander Guthre., and Mr. Richard Strang^ from quhence was dyted and written ane Letter to the Quenes Maje- ftie, according to the former Purpois. Quhilk Letter was directed with all Diligence unt© hir Majeftie, quho then was in Falkland. The Erie himfelf raid efter to Kimieill to his Father the Dukes Grace ; how he wes entreated, H h h h 2 Yfe 308 The Hillorie of the Keformatioun Lib. IV, we have bot the comone Brute. Bot from thence he wrott a Letter with his awn Hand in Cyphers to the Erie of Murray^ complayning upoun his ri- gorous Handling and Treatment by his awn Father and by his Freinds. And ' affirmed farther, That he feared his Lyfe, in cafe that he gat not fuddane Re- (kevv. Bot thareupoun he remaned nor, bot brak the Chalmer quharein he was putt, and with grit Fane paft to Stnveling, and from thence he was con- voyed to the Hall-yardes, quhare he was kept till that the Erie of Murray cam unto him, and convoyed him to the Quene, then being in FalkIaiid^'0U to reach us, not fJ mekie how we (aH fpeilc, hot rather quhat we (aH do, qubcn our Minifters ar ftricken, our Superintendents dKobeyed, and a plane Rcbtllioun decreed a- gainrt all gudc Ordour. Complene (aid I^tN»xioun. Quhom to ? laid the u- ther. To the Quenis Majefty, ftid the uther. How lang (all we do Co ? quoth the hole. Till that ye get Remedy, faid the Juffice Clerk : Give me thair Names and I (all give you Letters. If the Scheip, faid one, fall complene to the Wolf, that the Wolfcs and Qiihelps have devoure.l thair Lambs, the Com- pieiner may ftand in Danger, bot the Oi^endar, we fear, fall have Liberty to hunt efttr his Pray. Sick Comparifones, (aid Lethhigtom^ ar very unfavory : For I am afliired, that the Quene will ncythcr ere(5^, nor yet manteyne Papif^- ry. Let your Afl'urance, faid ane uther, (erve yourfelf, bot it cannot aflijre us: For hir manifdt Proceidingis Ipeakethe the contrary. Efcer fick taunting Re(bning on both the Sydes, the Multitude concluded, that the Supplicatioun, as it was Conce-;ved, fuld be prefented, unles that the Secretary wald forme one more agreable to the prefent NecefTiry. He promi(ed to keip the Subftance of ours, b:n he wald ufe uther Terms, and afk Things in a mair gentill Maner. The fir(^ Wrytar anlwered, That he ferved the Kirk at thair Comandemcnt, and was contented, that in his Diftament fuld Men u(e the Liberty that be(^ pleaf ed thame, provyded that he wer not compelled to (libfcryve to the Flattery of fick, PS -^orc rrgairdtd the Perfones of Men and Women, then the fimplg Treuth oi Ciod. And (b was this former Supplicatioun gevin to be reform- r.l, as Lethiifgtouti's Wi(dome thocht beft. And in very deid he framed it (b, that quhen it was delyvered, by the Superintendents of Louthan and Fyfe^ and quhen that fche had red fomequhat of it, fche (aid. Heir ar motiy fair ff'ortfSj I camtvttell quhat the Hairts ar. And (o for our painted Oratory, we wer ttrmed the nixt Name to Flatterars and Diflembbrs. Bot for that Seflioun the Kirk receaved none uther An(l\'er. Schort efter the Conventioun of the Kirk, chanfed that unhappy Per(ute, quhilk Johne Gordouii Laird of Finlatar maid upoun the Lord Ogihie, quho was evill hurt, and almo(! yit abydes mutilat. The Occafioun was, for certane Lands and Rychts, quhilk auld Finlatar had refigned to the (aid Lord, quhilk he was perfewing, and was in Appearance to obrene his Purpo(e : Quhareat the (aid Johne and his Servands wer offended ; and tharefore m?id the (aid Perfute, upoun a Setterday at Nycht, betwix nyne and ten. The Frcinds of the (aid Lord wer eyther not with him, or els not willing to fight that Nycht, for they tuke Straiks, bot gave few that left Marks. The faid Johne-wzs tane, and put in the Tolbuyth, quhare he remained certane Days, and then brack his Ward, fomejudged, at his Father's Comandementi for he was making Preparatioun for the Quenis cuming to the North, as we will efter heir. The Intervew and Meting of the two Quenis, delayed till the nixt Veir, our Soverane tuke Purpofe to vifrt the North, and departed from Stirling in the Monthe of Aiigitft. Quhithef thare was ony fecret FafHoun and Confederacy betwix the Pa- pi(^ ifl the South, and the Erie of Hutttlie and his Papiftes in the North ; or, to ^>eik more pbnely, betwix tire Quene hirfelf and Huntlie^ we cannot K k k k 2 certanely ^i6 The Hihrie of the Reformattoun Lib. IV. certanely affirme : Bot the Sufpiciouns war wonderous vehement, that thare was no gude Will borne to the Erie of Murray^ nor yic to fick as depended upoun him at that Tyme- The Hyftorie we fall faythfully declare, and Co leave the Judgment frie to the Readars. That Johne Gordoun brak his Warde, we have already hard ; quho immediat- ly thairefrer, repaired to his Father George, then Erie of Himtlu ; and under- ftanding the Qaenis cuming, maid grit Provifioun in Mrahogie^ and in uther Partes, as it wer to reflave the Quene. At Abirde'm the Quein and Court remaned certane Days, to deliberac upoun the Effaires of the Cunfrey j quhare fome began to fmell, that the Erie of Himtlie was under gathering, as heirefter fall be declaired. Quhill Things wer (b working in the North, the Erie Botlmell bruck his Waird, and cam furth of the Caltle of Edinburgh, the iSth of Angnl}. Some fay, He brack the Scancheours of the Windo ; uthers quhi(perit. That he gat eafie PalTage by the Yettis. One Thing is certane, to wit, the Quene was lytle offended at his efcaipping. Thare pafled with him a Servand of theCap- tanes, named James Porterfeild. The laid Erie Ichewit himfelf nor veray af- frayed, for his comone Refidence was in Loutheane. The Bilchop of San6t Atidroh, and Abbot of Crofragwell kepit fecret Conventioun that lam Tyme in Pdjlay, to quhom reforted dyverfe Papiftesj yea, the faid Bilchop Ipak the Duke, unto quhom alio cam the Lord Gordoun from the Erie of Huntlie, re- quyring him, 'To put to his Hands in the South, as he fould do in the North ; and fo it jould not be Rnox'i Crying nor Pieiching that Juld Jiay that Parpofe. The Bi(chop,be he never fo clofs, cuid not altogidder hyde hisMynde,bot at his awa Tible, laid, The ^leue hes gone into the North belyk to feik Difobedience: Sche may perchance find the Thing fche feiks. It was conftantly affirmed, That the Erie of Both-ixell and the laid Lord Gordoun fpak togidder ; bot of thair Pur- pole we hard no Mentioun. That (am Yeir, and at that inftant Tyme, wer appoynted Commiffiounars by the Generall Aflembly to Carrick and Cwminghxme, Mr. George Hey, quho with grit Frute preached the Space of a Month in the Kirks of Carrick. To Kyle and to the Pairts of Galloway, was appoynted 'Johne Knox, quho, befyd the Doftrine of the l:,vangell fchawin to the comoun Peple,, forewarned Ibme of the Nobility and Barounes of the Dangers that he feared, and that wer appearing fchortly to follow ; and exhorted thame to put thamelelfis in fick Ordour, as that they mycht be able to ferve the Authority, and yit not to fufFer the Enemies of God's Treuth to have the upper Hand. Quhareupoun a grit Pairt Of the Barouns and Gentilmen of Kyle, Cunninghame and Carrick^ profefiing the trew Doftrine of the Evangell, aflembled at Air ; and efter Ex- hortatioun maid, and Conference had, fubfcryved this Band, The Tenour quhairof follows. 117 E, quhais Names ar under written, do promeis, in the Pre fence of God, and in ''^ Pre fence of his Son our Lord Jefus Chrift, That we, and every one of us, fall and will manteyne and affiji the Preaching of his holly Evangell, now of his mere Mercy, offered unto this Realme : And alfo will manteyne the Minifters of the fam againft all Per] ones. Power and Authority, that will oppone the I elf to the Dolirine proponed, and by us receaved. And further, with the fame Solemnity, we protejt and promife, that every ane of us fall affift uthers ; yea, and the hole Bodie of the Protejiants within this Realme, in all lawfull and juft A^iounSj againft all Per- fonet: Lib. IV. of Rcligiomi in Scotland. 317 ./ones : So that quboforjer jdll bnrt^ nio/e/i or iruhle oiiy of our Body Jail be re- .fated Enemy to tbebole, except that the Ojfendare -xill be content to fubmiit bim- Jelf to tbe Judgement of tbe A'irk, no-ju eftuHifcbed among It us. And tbts we do as we defyre to he accepted and favoured of the Lord Jefus, and reaccompted wor- thie of Credite and Homltie in tbe Pre fence of ll:e Godlie. A tbe Bomgb of Aire tbe ferd Day September, tbe lea- of Cod 1^62. Sulfcryved be all tbi'r with tba'tr Hands y as follows. Mr. Micbaell jrallace Provoft of Air James Lockhart IVtiliam Montgomery Johne Crawfnrd of tVolftoun . Johne Mure in IVole Hew fVallace of Carnell James Cbalmer of Gathgirth Hew Montgomery of Hefheilkead Johne FuUartoun of Dreghorne Sir f William Cunninghame with my Hand, Skledoun Fargu/hill Maifter of Boyd Jobnn Lockhart of Barr JVilUam Cunningbame of Capringtoun yor. Robert Ker of Carjlaud Robert Crawfurd David Crawfurd IVilliam Cunningbame Charles Campbell Barges of Air James Dalrymple of Stayre Mimgo Mure James Reid James Kjnnedie Burges oi^ Air George Lockhart Burges there Robert Schaw Burges there Johne Dunbar of Blantyre Robert Cbalmer of Mart item Robert Huntar of Huntar/ioun Robert Rankin Arcl'ibald Boyle Alexander Nylhet James Lockhart jniliam Stewart of Halrig Heiior Dunbar of Clou/tang James Campbell of Houthley Adam Cathcart of Bardarot George Reid of Cbapelbous Hew IVallace of the Meanfurd "With mony uther Gentih-nen Glencairne R. Boyd R. Failfurd Mattlrw Campbell of Lowdon Knicht Allane Lord Catbrart Johne Cunnighame of Capringtoun Cunninghameheid Uchiltrie George Craufurd of Lefnoreifs Johne Mure of Rowallane Hew Cunningbame ofJVatterftoun Robert Cunningbame Akynbarvye Myddiltoun • * Johne IV alia ce of Cragie Johne Boyd of NarCtoun Robert Campbell of Kmgzeancleucb Gilbert Bales 'Thomas Cathcarte with my Hand, Allane Cathcart of Clawance Adam Reydof Bar/kying Johne Cathcart of Gtbifyard Johne Reid with my Hand Johne Robert Boyd of Pemont JVilliam Campbell of Horfcleuch William Cathcart Brother to the Lord Cathcart Johne Mackqufidaill George Corry of Kelwood William Kenny die of 'fernganoth Johne Kenny die of Kirkmichaell Thomas Mackalexander of Corfeclais Robert Campbell of Crctydow Andro Neven of Monkredden William Cathcart David Crawfurd o{ the Kers Johne Kenny die of 'Ternganothe Patrick Kennydie of Daljaroch Allane Cathcart of Carltoun. of Worth and BurgelTes. L 1 I 1 Thefe 8 The Hi/icrie of the Reformatioun Lib. IV. Thefe Things done at Air^ the faid Jhone pafled to Nethifdaill and Gallo, •may quharc in Conference with the Malkr of Maxzxjell, a Man of grit Jug- ment and Experience, he communicat with him fick Things as he feared ; quho by his Motioun wrot to the Erie Botlmell^ to behave himfelf as becam a faythfuU Subjeft, and to kepe gude Quyetnes in the Partes committed to his Charge, and fo wald his Cryme of brecking the Ward be mor eafily par- doned. Jhoiie Knox wrot unto the Dukes Grace, and earneftly exhorted him, nevther to give Ear to the Biichope his Baftard Brother, nor yit to the Per- fuafions of the Erie of Huntlie ; for if he did, he afliired him, that he and his H'^ufs fould cum to a fuddan Ruyne. By fick Means wer the South Partes Iceapt in a reflbnabill Quyetnes during the Tyme that theTrubles war in brew- ing in the North; and yit the Bifchope, and the Abbot ot Crofraguell, did quhat in thame lay to have rayfed fbme Truble: For befydes the fearfiiU Brutes that they fparfed abrode, Ibmetymes that the Quene was takin, fome- tyme that the Erie of Murray and all his Band war flaine, and fometyme that the Quene had gevin hirfelf unto the Erie of Huntlie. Belydes fick Brutes, the Bifchope, to breck the Cuntry of Keyill, quhare Quietnes then was grit- teft rayfed the Crawfurds againft the Relds^ for the Payment of the Bilchops Fafch Fynes ; bot that was flayed by the Labours of indifferent Men, quho favoured Peace. The Abbot of Crofraguell requyred Difputatioun of Jhone Knox, for man- teyning of the Meft, quhilk was granted unto him, and quhilk held in May- loll three Dayes. The Abbot had the Advantage that he requyred, to mty he tuke upon him to prove, that Melchhedeck offered Bread and Wine unto God, quhilk was the Ground that the Meft was builded upoun to be a Sacrifice, Sc. Bot in the Travell of thre Dayis thare culd no Profe be produced for MeU chhedecks Oblatioun, as in the fam Difputatioun (quhilk is to be had in Print) cleirlie may appear. The Papifts conltantlie luked for a Wolter, and thare- for they wald mak fbm Brag of RefToning. The Abbot farther presented him- felf to the Pulpitt, bot the Voce of Mr. George Hay fo efFrayed him, that ef- ter once he weryed of that Exercife. ^ After that the Quene was fomquhat (atisfied with Hunting, and uther Pall tyme, fche cam to Ahirdene, qubair the Erie of Huntlie met hir and his La- die, with no fmall Trayne, remained in Court, was flipofed to have the grif- teft Credit, departed with the Quene to Buquhane, met hir agane at Rothe- may, luking that fche fould have paffed with him to Strathbogie ; bot in the Torney certane Word cam to hir, that Jhone Gordonn had brokin Promis, in not re-entring in Ward ; for his Father, the Erie, had promifed that he fuld enter agane within theCaftel o{ Strheling^znd thare abyde the Queues Plefour : Bot quhither, with his Father's Rnawledge and Confent, or without the lame, we knaw not, bot he refuifed to enter, quhilk fo of^tended the Quene, that fche wald not go to Strathhogie, bot palTed throw Straithyla to Innernefs, quhair the Caftel thareof was denycd unto hir. The Captane was commanded to keap it and luiked for Releif ; for fo had Jhone Gordoun promiled: Bot being thareof fruftrat, the Caftel was randred, and the Captane, named Gordoun, was executed ; the reft wer damned, and the Hands of fome bund, boc efoaiped. This was the Beginning of farther Truble ; for the Earl of Huntlie thereat offended, began to alfembill his Folks, and Ipaired not to Ipeik that he wald be revenged. Bot alvvayis his Wyfe bair fair Countenance to the Quene j and * it L I B. 1 V. of Rclt^ioim w Scotland. 3 1 9 it is verclie (upofed, that no uther Harme than the Qiicne hirfclf culd cafilie have ftand content with, was ment unto hir awn Per(bnc. Bot the hole Ma- lice lay upoun the Erie of Murray^ Secretarie Lethingtoim, and upoun the Laird cf Pel alio; yit the Quenc began to be eftraycd, and by Proclamatioun caufed wairn Sitrieiirg, Fyfe, Jngns, Meruis and StriUbarne^ charge all fubftantiall Men to be in Ahrdein the fyft Day of OJloher, thare to remane the Space of twen- ty D.ayis. In hir returning from IimcDiefs fche requyred the Cartel of Fmla- tiir, qihilk was likways denyed, and fo was Aihitidoun^ quhilk mor enflamed the Quene. The Erie of Huutlie was charged to caus deliver the faids Houf. (es under the Pane of TreiTon. To fchaw fome Obedience, he caufed the Keyis of boch to be prelented by his Servand Mr. 'Jhomas Keir ; bot befcr had the Quene lent young Captane Stewart (Son to Captane James ^ quho to this Day hes nether bene ftout, hapie, nor trewj with fexfcoir of Soldeors, to ly about the faid Place of FiiiLitar ; they lodged in Cnlnney not far dirtant from the (aid Place. Upoun a Nicht Jioue Cordone cam with a Cumpany of Hord men, toke the Captane, flew certane of the Soldeors, and difarmed the refl. This Faft done (as the Quene alledgedj under Traift, Co inflammed hir, that all Hope of Reconciliatioun was part ; and Co the faid Erie of Huntlie was charged, under Pain of putting of him to the Home, to prefent himfelf and the faid Jhone befor the Quene and Counfaill within fix Dayis, quhilk Charge he di (obeyed, and Co was denunced Rebell. Quither it was Law or not we dif^ pute little thareuntill, bot it was a Preparative to uthers, that efter wer ferv- ed with the (am Meafbr : He was fbcht at his Place oC Strathbogiey but efcaip- ed. The Evill increffed j for the Erie afTembled his Folks out of all Partes of the NortI:; he marched fordwards toward Aberdetie^ and upoun the Twenty fecand Day of O^lober^ the Yeir of God 1/62, cam to the Loch oC Skew. His Armie was judged to be fevin or aucht hundredth Men. The Quenes Ar- mie, both in Number and Manheid, far furmounted his, and yit he tuke no Feir ; for he was allured of the moft Part of thame that wer with the Quene as the Ifchew did witnes. Within the Toun they flode in grit Feir • and tharefor it was concludit, that thay wald affayl the uttermof^ upon the Feilds. The Foihffes, Heyes, and Leflies tuke the Vangaird, and promifed to ficht the faid Erie without ony uther Help. They pafled forth of the Toun befor ten • Hours; they pat thamefelfis in Array, but they approched not to the Enemie till that the Erie of Murray and his Cumpany wer cum to the Feilds and that was efter Tw'o at Efter-none ; for he was apoynted with his Cumpany onlie to have behaldin the Battell. Bot all Things turned utherwayes than the moft Part of Men fupofed. The Erie of Himtlie was the Nichr before determined to have retyred himfelf and his Cumpany : Bot that Morning he culd not be wakened befor it was ten Hours, and quhen he was upon Fute his Spirits failed him, be Reflbn of his Corpolencie, fo that richtly a long Tyme he culd do nothing. Some of his Friends, feiring the Danger, left him. Quhen that he luked upon both the Cumpanies he laid. This grit Cum-. pavy that approchetb near eft unto iis^ vM do us no Barnie, thy are our Friends • t ' only fear yonder [mail Cutnpanie that ftands upoun the Hill-fyde, yon ar our Fne- mies ; lot -xe ar ynevj for thawe, if God be iiith us. And quhen he had thus fpokin, he fell upon his Knees, and maid his Prayer in this Forme. 0 Lord I have bene a Bhde-thirfty Man^ and be tny means hes mekk innocent Blude bene fpilt ; hut "juill tho^ju give me ViHory this Day, and I fall ferve the all the Days cf my Lyfe. Note and obfer\'e, gude Reader, he confefled that he had bene L 1 1 1 3 a Elude. 320 The Biflorie of the Reformatioun Lib. iV, a Biime-th'.rlty Man^ and that he had bene the Caufe of the fchedding of m.kle iimvceiit Blude^ hot yit wald he have had Viftory ; and quhat was that els hot to have had Power to have fched more, and then wald he have fatif fied God for altogidder ? Quhairin is exprefled the Nature of Hypocrites, quhilk nether feir nor love God farther than prefent Danger or Profire fuad- eth. But to our Hiltory. The Leflies^ Heyes, and Forhefes efpying the Erie of Murray and his to be lichtcd upon thair Fete, maid fbrdward againft the Erie of Huntlie and his, quho rtude in Coi rochie Bunie, (fome call it Furahank) bot or they approched neir by the Space of the Schott of ane Arrow, they caftfrom thame thair Spearis and long Weapons, and fled diredtly in the Faces of the Erie of Murray and his Cumpany. The Danger efpyed, the Laird of Petarro (a Man both ftouc and of a reddy Witt) with the Maifter, now Lord Ltndejay^ and Tutor of Pitcurr^ (aid, Lett us caft down Speares to the foremoft^ dnd kit thame mt cum- in among its ; for thare is no Doiit hot this flying is hy 'Treafoun: And fo they did j fo that they that fled keapit thamefelfis apart from the few Number that war marching upon Fute in Ordour. The Erie of Huntlie (eing the Vane- gaird flee, (aid unto his Cumpany, Our Freindis ar honeft Men^ they have keapit Promife ; let us now rancounter the refi ; and (b he and his, as (ure of Viftory, marched fordward. The Secretary in few Words maid a vehement Ori(bun, and willed eve* ry Man to call upon his God, to remember his Dewty, and not to feir the Multitude ; and in the End cbncludit thus, 0 Lord, thow that rewles the He- •vin and Earth, lake upon thy Servands, qiihofe Elude this Day is moft injulily fochty and to Maniijugment is fauld and betrayed. Our Refuge is now unto thee, and our Hope is in thee. Judge thow, O Lord, this Day betwixt us and the Erie of Huntlie, and the reft of our Enemies j if ever we have injuftly focht his or thatr De/iru^iouM and Elude, let us fall in the Edge of the Sword. And, 0 Lordy if thou knoweft our Innocencie, mantein thou and preferve us for thy gritt Mercies Sake. Schorr after the fpeiking of the(e and the lyik Words the former Ranks joyn.- ed ; for Huntlies Cumpany maid giittHaiftj they were repulfed be the Mail^er of Lindefay, and the Cumpanies of Fyfe and Jngus : Some of thame that fled returned, and followed the Erie of Murray, but gave na Straikes till that Hunthes Cumpany gave back. In the Front thare war flain about eighteen or twenty four Men, and in the flying thare fell neir ane hundredth ; thare was takin ane hundredth, and the rell war fpaired. The Erie himfelfwas takin alive, his twa Sonis, Jhone for(aid, and Adame Gordon, wer takin with him. The Erie Lmmediatly after his taiking depairted thisLyif, without ony Wound, or yit Appeirance of ony Straik, quhairof Death mycht have en- fewed ; and (b, becaus it was lait, he was cait over athort a Pair of Creilles, and fo was caried to Aberdene, and was layd in the Tolboyth thareof, that the Refpons quhilk his Wyifs Witches had gevin mycht be fulfilled, quha all alfirmed, (as the moft Pairt (ay) that that fame Nycht (buld '.he be in the Tolboyth of Aberdene, without ony Wound upon his Body, buhen his La- dy gat Knawledge theirof, (che blaimit hir principall Witch, called Jouet; bot fche ftoutly defendit hir(elf, (as the Devill can evir doj and affirmed, that fche gave a trew Anfwer, albeit (che fpack not all the Treuth ; for (che knew that he (buld be thare dead : Bot that culd not profit my Lady, fche was angry and (brry for a Sea(bun. Bot the Devill, the Mefs, and Witches have IB. IV. oj Rcligiotm in Scotland. 321 I I have als gritt Credit of hir this Day, the 12th of JkuH i;66, as they had Hv'm Yeirs ago. The Erie of Murray ftnd Meirac;,e unto the Quenc, of the marvelous Vic- rorie ; and humclie prayed hir to (chaw that Obedience to God, as publicftly to convene with thame, to give Thanks unto God for his notable Delyvcr- ance. Sche gloumed both at the Meflinger, and at the Requcift, and fcarfe- lie waid give a gude Word, or biyth Countenance to any that fche knew earnelt Favorars of tlic Erie of Murray, quhole Profperitie was, and yit is a very Vennome to hir boldcncd Hart, againlt him for his Godlines and uprichc Plainnes. Of many Days fche bare no better Countenance ; quhareby it mycht have bene evidently cfpyed,That fche rcjoyced not gritlie of theSucces of that Mater ; and albeit fche caiidd execute Jobic Gordoun^ and dyvcrfs uthers, yet it was the Deftrut^ioun of urhcrs that fche fjcht. Upoun the Morrow efter the Difcomfiture, the Ladie Forbefs, a Woman both wyfe, and fearing God, cam amongft many uthers to vifit the Corpg of the faid Erie ; and feing him ly upoun the cold Stones, having onlie up- oun him a Dowblet ofCanves, a pair ot .Scot lis gray Hoifs, and covered with anc Arafs-wark; Sche faid, %dmt Stahiiitie fall we juge to be in this tVorU? Tbuir lyeth be ibat Tifterday in the Morning was baldin the wyfeft, the ricbeft^ and a Man of gritteft Power that was within Scotland. And in very deid fcho lied not ; for in Man's Opinioun, under a Prince, thair was not fick a ane thir thre hundreth Yeirs in this Realme produced: Bot Felicity and worldly Wifdom fo blinded him, that in the End he perifched in thame, as fall all thofe that defpyfe God, and trufi in thamefelves. Jobne Gordoun, at his Death, confefled many horribill Things, devyfed be his Father, by his Brother, and by himlelf. Thair war Letters fund in the Erles Pockat, that difclofed the Treafoun of the Erie of Sutherland, and of dyverfs uthers. Mr. Tlomas Keir, quho before was the hole Counfaillor to the Erie foirfaid, dilclofed quhatfbever he underitode mycht hurt the Gordouns and thair Freinds, and fb was the Treafcun planely difclofed; quhilk was. That the Erie of Murray, with certane uthers, fuld have bene murthcred in Slrahogie ; the Quene fuld have bene tane, and kept at the Devotioun of the faid Erie of Huntlie. Theft Things, we fay, reveiled, the Quene left the North, and cam to Dundee, St. Johnefioan, Striveling, and then to Edinhurgh^ The Erie of /////////Vs Body was caryed about in a Bote, and layed without Buryal in the Abbey of lialyrudebous, till the D.ay of his Foirfaulcure, as efter fall be declared. The Duke apprehendit the Lord Gordoun his Sone in lav, tccaus that the (^uene had flraitlie comandit him (b to do, if he repaired vvirii- in his Bounds, Before he delivered him, the Erie of Murray laboured at the. (^uenes Hand for the Savery of his Lyfe, quhilk hardly was granted ; and fo \Vas he delyvered within xhe Ctl^qW of Edmktrgb, the 28. Day of Novemhre 1562, quhare he remaned till the 8th ofFebruare; quhen he was put to ane AfTyfe, acculed and convid of Tiea(bun ; bot was reltored agme, firlt, to the Cabell foirfaid, and thairefter was tranfported to Dunihar, quharc he rcmainiK Prifoner till the Moneth of J/iguft^ in the Yeir of God Ij6j Yeirs, as we will efter hear. ", In this mean Tyme the Trubles war hott in France, and the Intelligence and outward Familiariiv betwix the two Quencs was grit ; Lelhingtoun wms 4ire(rt with large Comiffioun, Loth to the Quene of England, and to the Gi:y- fiatjff. - '^ M m m m The 32 2 T/;c Htllorie of the Reformat tcun L i b. IV. The Mariage of our Quene was in all Mens Mouths ; {ome wald have SpaiHy ibme the Emperors Brother, fbme Lord Robert Dudliey Ibme Duke lienemourt, and fome unhappiely gefled at the Lord Dernlie. Quhat Lethlngtouns Credit was, we know not ; bot (chert efter thair be- gan meklc to be talked of the Erie of Levenox^ and of his Sone the Lord DcrneUe. It was (aid that Leik'mgtoun (pack the Lady Margaret Douglas^ and that Robert Melvil receaved ane Hors to the Secretaries Ufe fra the Erie of Le- •venox or from his Wyfe. Howfbever it was, Mr. Fowlare Servand to the faid Erie, cam with Letters to the Quenes Grace, by the quhilks, Licence was permitted to the Erie of Levenox to cum to Scotland, to travell in his lawful! Bufinefs. That fame Day that the (aid Licence was granted, the Se- cretary (aid. This Day I have takin the deadly Hatrent of all the Hainiltoimes within Scotlmd, and have done unto thame no Ie(s Dilplefbr, then if I had cutted thair Throttis, The Erie Bolhmll, quho befoir had brckin Waird, fearing Apprehenfioun, prepared to pas to France ; bot by Storme of Wether was driven into England, quhere he was (tayed, and was offered to have bene rendred by the Quene of England : Bot our Quenes Anfwer was, ^lat he was no Rebelly and thatrfore fche requeifled that he Jitld have Uhertie to pafs quhair he pleafed. And thairto Lethingtoun helped not a lyttle, for he travelled to have Freinds in every Fa6lioun of the Court. And (b obteyned the (aid Erie Licence to pa(s to Frame. . '^^' The "Winter efter the Death of the Erie of Huntlie, the Court remained for the maift Fart at Edinburgh. The Prccheours wer wonderous vehement in Reprehenfioun of all maner of Vice, quhilk then began to abound j and fpecialie Avarice, OppreiTioun of the Pure, Excede, ryatous Cheir, Banquet- ting, imoderat Dauncing, and Huredome, that thairof en(ewes. Quhareat the Courteours began to ftorme, and to pyke Quarrells againft the Precheors, alleging that all thair Preiching was turned to Railling ; quhareunto one of thame gave Anfwer as follcweth. It cumes to our Eares that we ar called Raillers, quhareof albeit we wonder, yet we ar not elchamed, feing that the moft worthy Servands of God that befoir us have travelled in this Vocatioun, have Co bene ftyled : Bot unto you do I lay, That that (ame God, quho from the Begining hes puni(ched the Contempt of his Word, and hes poured furth his Vengeance upoun fick proud Mockars, fall not fpair you ; yea, he fall not fpair you befoir the Eyes of this (ame wicked Generatioun, for the Flefour quhareof ye defpyfe all holelbme Admonitioun, Have ye not (ene ane gritter then any of you fitting quhare prefently ye (itt, pyck his Nailles, and pull down his Bonnatt over his Eyes, quhen Idolatrie, Witchcraft, Mur- ther, OpprefTioun, and fick Vices, wer rebuiked ? Was not his comone Talk, quhen the Knaves have rallied thair fill, then will they hald thair Peace ? Have ye not hard it affirmed to his awn Face, that God (buld revenge that his Blalphemy, evin in the Eyes of fick as wer Witne(res to his Iniquitie ? Then was the Erie of Huntlie acculed by you, as the Maintener of IdoIa< try, and the only Hinderar of all gude Ordour ; him hes God punilched, e- vin according to the Threatnings that his and your Eares hard, and by your Hands hes God executed his Jugements : Bot quhat Amendement in any cais can be efpyed in you ? Idolatry was never in gritter re(t, Vertew and vertewous Men wer never in more Contempt j Vycc was never more bauld, nor Icfs feared Punilchment. And yit quho guvdes the Quene and Court ? * Quh» Lib. IV. of iiLr%/6f/;/ /■;; Scotland. 323 Quho bot the Proteftants. O horribill Slandcrars of God, and of liis holy K- vangell ! Better it wer unto you, planely to renuncc Chrilt Jcfus, then thus to expone his blefTed Evanc^cll to Mockage. If God punifch not you. That this fame Age (all behold and fee 5our Punifchmenr, the Spirit of rychtecus Jugcmcnt guydcs me not. This Vehemency provoked the Hatred, not only of the Courtcours bot alio of dyverls uthers againft the Speaker, quhilk was Jobie Knox ; lor lick as be in Credit, never lack Flatterars. 7"/w;- Brethen of tie Court wer ineje- renilte handled. Quhat was that, bot to rayfe the Harts of the Pepic againft thame ; they did quhat they mycht. Sick fpeiking wald caufs thame do les. And this was the Fruce that the Precheors gathered of thair juft Reprchen- fiouns. The General! AlTcmbly of the Kirk haldin the 2;th ofDeremhr 1/62, ap- proched. In the quhilk, grit Complaints wer maid, that Kirks lacked Mi- niftcrs ; That Minilters lacked thair Stipends ; That wicked Men wer per- mitted to be Scule-maifters, and lb to infeft the Youth: Amongs quhom one Mr. Rcherl Cnmin Scule-maifter in Abirhothock^ was complained upoun be the Lnird of Dun, and Sentence pronunced againft him. It was farther complained, That Idolatrie was erefted in dyverls Pairts of this Rcalme ; For RedrelTe quhareof, fomc thocht beft, that new Supplicatioun fould be prefented to the Quenes Grace ; uthers demandit, quhat Anfwer was receav- ed of the former. The Superintendent oi Lontbeane confefTit the Delyverancc of it ; bot, faid he, I receaved no Anfwer. It was anfwerit fol- the Part of the Quene, (for hir Supports wer evir thare) that it was well knowin to the hole Realme, quhat Trubles had occurred lince the laft Aflenrbly ; and thairfore, that they fould not wonder, albeit the Quene had not anfwered, bot betwix that and the Parliament, quhilk was appointit to be m May, they douted not bot that fick Ordour Ibuld be takin, as all Men Ibuld have Occafi. oun to rtand content. This latisfyed for that Tyme the hole Adembly. And this was the Praftifc of the Quene, and of hir CounlailJ, with fair Words to dryve Tyme, as befbir we have (aid. The AiTembiy notwithftanding proceidit foreward in eftablilching of lick Ordour, as quhareby Vyce mycht be punilched, and Vertew mycht be main- teyned ; and becaus that thair was a gritt Slander ryfen upoun Paul Meffane^oi' quhom mentioun is maid in the Seconde Buke of this Hiftorie, Comifiioun and Cliarge was gevin to Jo/jiie Knox Minifter of Edinhurgh, and unto ccrrane of the Eldars of the Kirk o^ Edinburgh, to pas to theToun o^ Jedburgh, quhair the laid Sclander was rayfed, and to be found thair, the thrid oi" Jamur nixr, for the Tryall to be tane in the Sclander raifed, and to heir the Articles and Complaint of the faid Paull : And efter the Tryall, to report the Treiith to the SelTioun of the Kirk o{ Edinburgh ; to quhom with the Afllftance of the Superintendent of Loulheane, ComifTioun was gevin to decerne thairunrill. The Tryall and Examinarioun of that Cryme was difficill, the Slander was univerfall in that Toun and Cuntrey ; the Servand Woman of the laid Paull had betwix Termes left his Houfs, fche had borne a Chyldc, no Father to it culd fche find, bot alleged hirfelf to have bene opprefTed lait in ane Evening; the faid Paull conftantly affirmed himfelf innocent, and wald have gevin his publift Purgatioun ; bot becaufs his Accufators had takin upoun thame to prove thair Accufatioun that was denyed ; many WitnefTcs wer produced, of M ra m m 2 quhom 324 The Hiftorie of the Kejormatioim Lib. IV. quhom fome deponed (b cleirly, that the Comifliouners fufpefled that they had bene fuborned, and thairfore they requyred to have Infpeftioun of the Places, quhare (bme faid they faw, and fome faid they hard thame in the very A61 of Iniquity^ The Sight and Confideratioun of the Place augmented gntly the Sufpicioufi'" bot one Thing was moft fufpicious of all uthers, for the Wyfe of the faid Paiill^ ane ancient Matrone, was abfent from him the Space of eicht or nyne Weikes in Dundee j quhilk Tyme (or at leaft a gritc Fairt thairof ) the fufpefted, and he lay nychtly in one Houfs without uther Cumpany then a Child of leven or eicht Yeirs of A^^. The Juges, not- withftanding theie Slufpiciouns, having a gude Opinioun of the Honeiiy and Godlines of the Man, travelled quhat they culd fConfcience not hurt) to purge him of the Sclander : Bot God, quho wald not that fick Vilanie fould be clocked and conceiled within his Kirk, utherwayes had decreed, for he brocht the Brother of the gilty Woman to the Toun, having noMynd of fick Maters, quho being produced be the Accufators, as one that was privy to the Fa6l, and knew the Verity with all Circumftances ; this Witnes, we (ay, quhilk culd not be fufpe6t, being produced, maid the Mater fo plane and cleir, that all Sufpicioun was removed j for he it was that convoyed the Womaa away, he it was that caufed the Child to be baptiled, alleging it to be his awin ; he it was that caryed frequent Meflages betwene thame, and frbm Paull caryed Money and Claythes dyverfs Tymes. How fone that ever the (aid Paxil faw that Man produced, as Witnes, he withdrew himfelf and left the Toun, by that Meane planely tacking upoun him the Cryme 5 and (b the Comiflionars with full Informatioun returned to Edinburgh^ and notified the Faft unto the Kirk, quho caufed publicly fummond the faid Paull to hear the Sentence pronunced j quho not compering in the End, for his odious Cryme and Contumacy, was publidly excomunicated, and was depryved of all Funftioun within the Kirk of Scotland, and Co left he the Realme. For two Caufes we infert this horribill Fact, and the Ordour keapit in the Punifchment of the fame ; former to forewarne fick as travell in that Voca- tiounj that according to the Admonitioun of the Apoflle, Sick as ft and, tack head left they fall. No Man in the begining of the Evangell, was juged more fervent and more uprycht ; and yit we have hard how far Sathane hes prevailed againft him. God grant that we may heir of his Repentance. Ney- ther yit aucht his Fall any Thing to prejuge the Authority of the Doftrine quhilk he taught, for. the Doftrine of God hath Authority of no Creature, bot hes the AfTurance of God himfelf, how weak or imperfefl: that ever the Inf^rumenfs be by quhom it pleafes God to publifch the fame. The Treafone of Judas, the Adultery of David, and the Abnegatioun of Peter did dero- gate nothing to the Glory of Chrifts Evangell, nor yit to the Doftrine quhilk before they had taucht ; bot declared the one to be a Reprobat, and the u- ther to be Infi;ruments in quhom Mercy mufl: neids furmount Jugement. The uther Caufe is. That the Warld may fee quhat Difference thair is betwix Lycht and Darknes, betwix the Uprychtnes of the Kirk of God, and the Cor- ruptioun that regnis in the Synagoge of Sathan, the Papifticall Rable ; for how many of that Sort have bene, and ftill remane oppinly knawin Hure- mongers, Adulterars, Violaters of Virgines, yea, and comittaris of fick Ab- hominatiouns as we will not name ; and yit ar they caUed and permitted to be Bifchops, Archebifchopes, Cardinalls and Paipes thamefelves: For quhat Sinnes can unable the fworne Servands of Symoniey and of his Father the De- vil! } Lib. IV. of Rcligtoun tn Scotland. 317 Till ? For brag quhat they lift ofChrift, ot'Fetcr^ and of PjhH^ their Lyves and Converlatiouns bear Witncs to quhome they belong. Bot we rcturne to our Hiltory of Things done in Court, Amongs the Menions of the Court, thSre was one named Moiifieur Chile- kty a Fiemhe Man, that at that Tyme palled all uthers in Credit with the Quenc; in dancing of the Pnrpofe (lb terme they that Dauncc, in the quhilk Man and Woman talketh fecretly ; wife Men wuld judge fick Faffiouns more lyk the Bordell, then to the Cumlines of honcft Women. ) In this Daunce, the Quenc chofed €L\ittelet and Chattckt tuk the Quene, for he had the bell Drels. All this Winter Chattelet was (b familiare in the Quenis Cabinet, air and lait, that fcarfely culd ony of the Nobility have Accels unto hir. The Quene wald ly upoun ChattcLil''s Shoulder, and (bmetymc privily wald fteall a Kifs of his Neck : And all this was honeft yneuch j for it was the gentil En- treatment of a Stranger. Bot the Familiarity was fo grit, that upoun a Nycht, he privilly did convoy him(elf under the Quenis Bed ; bot being efpyed, he was comanded away. Bot the Brute aryfing, the Quene called the Erie ot Murray, and burfting furth in a womanly Ari"e6lioun, charged him, 'that a! he loied hir^ he fuld (lay Chattelet, and let him never jpeik a Word. The uther at the firft maid Promife fo to do ; bot efter calling to Mynd the Judgements of God pronunced againft the Schcders of innocent Elude, and alio that none fbuld die, without ihe Teftimony of two or three WitncfTe?, returned, and fell upoun his Knees befbir the Quene, and faid, Madam^ I be- feik your Grace^ cans not uie tak the Bhide of this Man upoun me j your Grace hes entreated him fo familiarly befoir, that ye have offeiidit all your Nobility^ attd nviv if he fall be fecretly flain^ at your awn Comandement, quhat fall the IVarld ■ jud^e of it ? I fall bring him to the Prefence of Jufiicey and let him fiiQer he LiKv, according to his Deferving. (9, (aid the Quene, ye will never let him fpeii'? I Jail do, faid he, Madam, quhat in me lyetb to five your Honour. Pure Chattelet was brocht back from Kmghorne to Sanft Androis, cxaminat, ; ut to ane AfTyfe, and (b beheadit the izA. o? Februar 1^61. He begged Li- cene to wryt to France the Caus of his Deith, quhilk, faid he, in his Toung was. Pour eft re trouve en lieu trcpe fufpe^ ; that is, Becaus I was fund in a Place to much fufpe^. At the*Place of Executioun, quhen he faw, that thare was no Remedy bot Deith, he maid a godly Confeflloun, and granted, Thar his declyning from the Trueth of God, and following ot Vanity and Impiety, was juftlyrecompenfed upoun him. Bot in the End he concludir, luiking un- to the Hevins, with thefe Words, O cruelle Dame ! that is, cruell Mai/ires-l Quhat that Complaint imported, Lovers may divine. And lb receaved Chat' ielet theRewaird of his Dauncingj for he lacked his Head, that his Toung fbuld not utter the Secrets of our Quein. Delyver us, 0 Lord, from the Rage of fick fnordinat Rewlars. The Yeir of God i/<53, thare was ane univerfall Dearth m all Scotland; bot in the Northland, quhare theHarveft befoir the Quein had travellit, thare was ane extreme Famine, in the quhilk many died in that Cuntrey. The Dearth was grit over all ; bot the Famine was principally thare. The Bow of Quheit gave fix Pundis, the Bow of Beir fix Merks and ane Half, the Bow of Meill four Merks, the Bow of Aits fifty Schillings ; ane Ox to draw in the Pleuch 20 Merks, a Wodder 30 Schillings. And fb all Things apper- taining to the Suftentatioun of Man, in tripil and more exceidit thair accufto- N n n n med 32^ The Hi/hrie of the Reformat iom Lib. IV. med Pryces- And fo did God, according to the Threatning of his Law, pu- nifch the Idolatry of our wicked Quene, and our Ingratitude, that fuffered hir to def3'le the Land with that Abominatioun agane, that God fo potently had purged, by the Power of this Word. For the ryatous Feafting, and exceffive Banquetting, ufed in Court and Countrey, quharefoever that wicked Woman repaired, provocked God to ftryk the Stafe of Bread, and to give his Maie- diftioun upoun the Frutes of the Earth. Bnt O allace ! quho looked or yit iuikes to the very Caus of all Calamities. Leth'mgtoim was abfent, as befoir we have hard, in the Quenis Effaires. The Papifts at that Pafch, anno IJ63. in dyvers Pairtsof the Realme, had erefted that Idole the Mc(s. Amongft quhom the Bifchope of Sanft Androis^ the Prior of ^ihithorne^ with dyvers uthers of thair Fa6tioun, wald avow it. Befj'des the firft Froclamatioun, thare had Letters paft in the contrare, with Certificatioun of Death to the Contraveiner. The Brethren univerfally ofFendit, and efpying that the Quene, by hir Fro- clamatioun, did bot mock thame, determined to put to thair awn Hands, and to punifche for Example of uthers : And Co fome Preiftes in the tVeft- land wer apprehended. Intimatioun maid unto uthers, as unto the Abbot of Croceragnelly the Parfone of Sanquhair^ and fick, that they fbuld neyther complene to Quein nor Counfaill, bot fould execute the Punifchment, that God hes appoynted to Idolaters in his Law, by fick Meanes as they mychr, quhairever they (buld be apprehendit. The Quene ftormed at fick Fredom of fpeiking, but {che culd not amend it ; for the Spirit of God, of Boldnes and of Wifdome, had not then left the mod Fairt of fick as God had maid Inftruments in the Beginning : They wer of one Mynd to mantein the Truths of God, and to fuppres Idolatry ; Particularities had not devyded thame : And thairfoir culd not the Devill, working in the Quein and in Papifts, do then quhat they wald : And thair- foir fche began to invent a new Craft. Sche fend for Jhone Knox to cum un- to hir, quhair fche lay at Lochlevin. Sche travelled with him erneftly two Hours befoir hir Supper, that he wald be the Inftrument to perfwaid the Feplc, and principallie the Gentilmen of the Weft^ not to put Handis to pu- nifch ony Man for the ufing of thamefelfis in thair Religioun as pleifed thame. The uther perceaving hir Craft,willed hir Grace to punifchMalefaftors according to the Lawis, and he durft promis Quyitnefs upon the Pairt of all thame that profeffed the Lord Jefus within Scotland. But if hir Majefty thocht to delude the Lawis, he faid, he feired that fome wald the Papifts|underftand, that with- out Punifchment they fbuld not be differed ib manifeftly to offend God's Ma- jefty. Will ye, quoth fche, allow, that they fall tak my Sword in thair Handis ? The Sword of Juftice, quoth he, Madam, is God's, and is gevin to Princes and Rewlars for ane End, quhilk, if they tranfgres, fpairing the Wicked and opprefTing the Innocents, they that in the Feir of God execute Tugment, quhair God has commandit, offendis not God, althoch Kings do it not ; nyther yit fyne they that brydillis Kings to ftryick innocent Men in thair Rage. The Examples ar evident ; for Samuel feired not to flay Agcig, the fatt and delicat King of y^malek, quhom King to your awn Salvatioun, and not to abufe the Lenity and Long-fuffering of God : For it is a feirfull Treafur, that ye heap upoun your awn Head, quhill that he calleth yow to Repentance, and yow obrtinatly concinew in your awn Impiety ; for Impiety it is, that ye abftraft your Com-- ton and Cumpany, from your lawfull Wyfe. I wryt nothing in Defence of hir Millvliavior toward your Lordfchip in any fort. But I (ay. If ye be not able to convift hir of Adultery comitted fince yourlaft Rcconfiliatioun, quhilk was in my Frefencc, that ye can never be excufed before God, of this frem- mit and rtrange Entreatment of your Wyfe. And if by yow fick Impiety be comitted, as is bruted, then befor God and unto your awn Conlcience, I lay That every Moment of that filthy Pleafur, (all turne to yow in a Year's Difl pleafur ; yea,it fill be the Occafioun andCaus of everlaftingDamnatioun, unles fpedily ye repent. And repent ye cannot, except that ye dcfift from tiiat Im- piety. Call to Mynd, my Lord, 7hat the Ser-oand huvxhig the JVill of his Lord and doing the contrary fall be plagued with many Plagues. Sinne, my Lord is fwete in drinking, bot indigefling more bitter then the Galle. The Eternall move your Hairt carncftly to confider, how fearfuU a Thing it is ever to have God to be ane Enemy. In the End, I moft hartly pray your Lcrdfchip, not to be abfent from Edinburgh^ the 19th of this Inftant, for fick Caufes, as I will not wryt. This mekle onely I forewarne your Lordfchip, that it will not be profitable for the comone Quyetnes of this Realme, that the Papiffs bra"-, and that Juftice be mocked that Day. And thus I ceafe farther to truble' your* Lordlchip, quhom God afTift. In haifl from Glafgo-iCy the 7th Miit ij6}. Your Lordfchip's to comand in Godlines. Sic fubfmbitur, JOHNE KNOX. This Bill was not weill accepted of the faid Erie ; and yit did he utter no Pairt of his Difpleafor in publick, bot contrarly fchewit himfelf molHamiliar with the faid Johne. He kepit the Dyet, and fatt in Judgement himfelf, quhare the Bifchope, and the reft of the Papiftes wer accufed, as efrer fol- lows. The Summonds wer directed againft the Mef^mongers with Expeditioun, and in the ftraiteft Forme. The Day was appoynted, the 19th of //•, a Day only befoir the Parliament. Of the Paipes Rnychtes compeired,the Bifchope of Sa?f^ Androis., the Pry or of i^uhit borne, the Parfone of Sanqithare, JVUl'iam H.jwmltonn of Cxmtle'ith, 'Johne Gordonn of Barfliwgh^ with uthers dyvers. The Proteltants convened hole, to crave for Juftice. The Quene afked Counfaill of The Bifchope of Rof<, and of the auld Laird of Lethhigionn ( tor the younger was abfent, and lo the Proteftants had the fewar Unf?einds ) quho affirnied, l^hat fche uiitfi fie hir Lnzvs kept, or els fche vjJd git no Obedience. And la was O o o o Preparatiourt 330 ^/^^ Hiftorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. IV. Preparatioun maid for thajr Aocufatioun. The Bifchope and his Band of the exempted Sort, maid it nyce to enter befoir the Erie of JrgjU^ quho fat in Tudeement ; hot at laft he was compellit to enter within the Bar. A mirry Man C quho now fleipes in the Lord ) Robert Norwell, inftead of the Bif- chop's Croce, bure before him a Steal! Hammer ; quhareat^ the Bilchope and his Band was not a lytle oifended, becaus the Bilchopis Privileges wer not then current in Scotland ( quhilk Day God grant ourPofterity may fie of longer Continewance, then we poflefTed it. ) The Bifchope and- his Fellows, efter mekle ado, and long Drift of Tyme, cam in the Quenis Will, and wer co- mitted to Waird, ibme to one Place, and fbme to ane uther. The Lady Erfkine (a mete Morfell for the Devil's Mouth J gat the Bifchope for hir Pairt. All this was done of a moft deap Craft, to abufe the Simplicity of the Proteltants, that they fbuld not preafe the Quene, with any uther Thing concerning Maters of Religioun. At that Parliament, quhilk began within two Dayes thairefter, fche obtein- ed of the Proteflants quh^tfoeiyer fche defyred. For this was the Reflbun of mony. We fit quhat the ^ene lies done^ the lyke of this -was never hard of within this Realme ; we will hear with the ^eney we dout not hot all fall be weill. U - therswer of a contrary Judgement, and forfpak Things, as efter they cam to pas, to wit, that nothing was ment bot Deceit ; and that the Quene, how fone that ever the Parliament wer paft, fuld fet the Papifts at Fredome : And tharefoir willed the Nobility not to be abufed, Bot becaus mony had thair private Co- modity to be handledat that Parliament, the comone Caus was the les regairded- The Erie of Himilie, quhofe Corps had lyen unburyed till that Tyme, it was brocht to the Towlbuyth : He was accufed,his Armes rent off j himfelf the Erie of Southerland, and elevin Earones and Lairds, being Gbr^oa?? to Surname, \ver that Day forefalted. The Lady Himtlie craftilly protefted, and aiked the Support of a }Am of Law. In that Parliament wer ref^orit the Laird ofGraiigp in Fyfe, Mr. Henrie jSalmveis, Johue Leflie and Akxarjder Whytlaw. Sick ftinkingPrydeof Women, as was fene at that Parliament, was never fene befoir in Scotland. Three fundry Days, the Quene raid to the Towlbuyth. The firft Day fche maid a painted Oratioun ; and thare mycht have bene hard amongft hir Flatterars, wx Dian of the Reformatioun Lib. IV. mult they brocht with thamefelves, and peaceable Men luiking to the Papifts, and forbidding thame to tranlgel's the Laws. Trew it is, a zealous Brother, named Patrick Cranftomi^ paft into the Chapell, and finding the Altar covered, and the Plreift reddy to go to tnat Abhominatioun, faid, The ^lenh Majeftie is not hetr^ how dar thow then be jo nialapairt, as opinlie to do againft the Laws ? No farther was done or faid. And yitthe Brute heirof was ported to the Quene, with fick Informatioun as the Fapilies culd givej quhilk tand lick. Credit, as thair Hairts could have wiiched for ; quhilk was fo heynous- a Cryme in hir Eies, that Satistaftioun for that Syne was th^re none wirhouf Blude : And tharefoir without Delay wer fummoned Juaro Armijiatig and Patrick Cranftouny to find Surty to underly the Law, for forethoucht Felony, Hamefuckin, vio- lent Invafioun of the Quenis Palace, and for Spoliatioun of the fame. Thir Letters divulgat, and the Extremity feared, Brethren, the few that wer within the Toun, confulted upoun the nixt Remedy ; and in the End concluded, that Johne Knox^ to quhom the Charge was gevin t3 mak Adver- tifemencs, quhenlbever Dangers fuld appear, fuld wrytt to tl e brethren i? all Quarters, geving Informatioun as the Mater l^ude, and requyring thair AiTu ftance, quhilk he did, in Tenour as heir foUowis. The SUPERSCRIPTIOUN. ^hairfoevir two or thre ar gathred togidder in my Naine^ thare am I in fhe Middes oj thame. IT is not unknawn unto yow, deir Brethren, quhat Coitifbrt and Tranquil- lity God gave unto us, in Tymes moft dangerous, by our Chriftiane A(^ lembleis, and godly Conferences, als oft as ony Danger appeared to ony Mem- ber or Members of our Body. And that how that fince we have negleft- ed, or at leaft not frequented our Conventiouns and Aflembleis, the Adverfa^ ries of Chrifl Jefus his holy Evangell, have interpryfed, and bauldened thame- felfis publiftly and fecretly, to do mony Things odious in God's Prefence, and maift hurtfull to the Liberty of the trew Religioun, now of God's grit Fa- vour granted unto us. The holy Sacraments ar abufed by prophane Papifls ; Mefles have bene, and yit ar, opinly iaid and manteined : The Blude of fbme of our deareft Minifters hath bene fched, without Fear of Punifchmenr, or Correftioun craved be us. And now laft ar two of our dear Brethren, Pa- trick Craunftoun and Andro Armiftraug fiimmoned to underly the Law, in the Tolbuyth of Edinburgh, the 24th of this inftant O^ober ; For forethocht Felouie^ pretended Murther, and for invading of the ^lenis Majefties Palace of Halie- rudehous, with mdawfidl Convocatioun, &c. This terrible Summon ds is direft againft our Brethren, becaus that they, with two or thre mo, pafiTed to the Abbey upoun Sonday, the i jth of Augufiy to behald and note quhat Perfbnes repaired to the Mefs. And that becaus upoun the Sonday befbir, the Quenis Grace being abfent, thare rcfbrted to that Idole a rafcall Multitude, having opin- ly the leaft devilifch Ceremony ( yea, even the Conjuring of thair accurfed Wa- ter ) that ever they had in the Tyme of gritteft Blindnes. Becaus, I fa}', our faid Brethren paft, and that in maift quyet Maner, fo note fick Abufars, thir fearfull Sumonds ar directed againft thame, to mak no dout a Preparatioun upon a few, that a Dore may be oppinned to execut Cruelty upon a gritter Mul- titude. And it Co it come to pafe, God no dout hes juftlie recompenced our for- mer Lib. IV. of Rcligiouu w Scotland. 337 mer Negligence and Ingratitude, toward him and liis Benefites rcceavcd ia our awn Bolbmcs. God gave to us a mort notable Vit^ory,of his and our Ene- mies : He brak thairStrenth, confounded thair Counfaills, lie Cct us at Fre- dome, and purgit this Realme, for the maift Pairt, of oppin Idolatry; to the End, that we, ever myndfiill of Co wondcrtull a Delyverance, fuld have keipit this Realme dene, from fick vyic Fikhincs, and damnable Idolatry. Bot we alace ! preferring the Plefurc of Fledh and Blude, to the Plelbur and Comande- ment of our God, have fuftcred that Idole, the Mefs, publicly to be erc^icd agane: And tharefoir, juftly fulferis he us to fill in that Danger, that toluke to ane Idolater, going to his Idolatry, (all be repute a Cryme, little inferiour to Treafoun. God grant that we fall not further. And now I, quhom God hes of his Mercy maid one amonfl mony, to travail in fetting fordward of his trew Religioun within this Realme, feing the fame in Danger of Ruyne, can- not bot of Confcience crave ofyow, my Brethren, of all Eftatis, that havepro- felTed the Treuth,your Prefence,Comfort and AfTif^ance, at the laid Day in the Toun of Edinbiirghe^ even as that ye tender the Advancement of God's Glo- ry, the Safety of your Brethren, and your awn AfTurance, togidder with the Prefervatioun of the Kirk in thir appearing Dangers. It may be, perchance that Perfvvafiouns be maid in the contrary, and that ye may be informed that eyther your Aflcmbly is not neceffar, or els that it will offend the up. pir Powers; bot my gude Hope is, that nether Flattery nor Fear fall mak you fo far to declyne fra Chrifl Jelus, as that againfl your publift Promife and fblerane Band, ye will leave your Brethren in fa jufl a Caus; and albeit thair wer no grit Danger, yet cannot our Aflemblie be unprofitable, {ov many Things require Confultatioun, quhilks cannot be had, unles the wyfelt and godliefl convene. And thus douting nothing of the AfTifiance of our God if that we uniformcly feik his Glory, I ceas farther to truble you, comit- ting you hartlie to the Proteflioun of the Eternell. Fra Edinburgh the %tb JOHNE KNOX. of Oftober i^^y The Brethren advertifed be this Bill, prepared thamefclves, fa many as war thocht expedient for every Toun and Province, to keip the Day appoynt- ed; bot be the Meanes of fals Brethren, the Letter cam to the Handis of the Quene, and the Maner was this. It was red in the Toun ot yiir, quhair was prefent Roh,t Ctimngl:ame, flyled Minilier of Failfurd, quho then was hal- dinane ernefl Profeffor of the Evangcll,quho (be quhat Meanes we know nnt) gat the (aid Letter, and fend it with his Takin to Mr. Henry Shu/uir^ then Pre- fident of the Sait and College of Juftice, and ftyled Bifchope of Kofs, ane per- fyte Hypocrite, and ane conjured Enemy to Chrift Jefus, quhom God efter. ftraik according to his Defcrvings. The faid Mr. Henry being Enemy to alf that unfainedly profefs the Lord Jefus, bot cheifly to Johe Knox, for the Li- berty of hisToung ; for he had affirmed, as ever Hill he does affirme, that a Bifchope that receaves Profire and fcids not the Flock, even be his awrt Laboures, is both a Theif and aMunhcrar: The faid Mr. Henry, we fay, thinking himfelf happy, that had fund lb gud Occnfioun to truble him, quhofe Lyfe he hated, polled the laid Letter with his Counlaill to the Quene, quho then lay \n StrrMing. The Letter being red, it vsas concludit be the Coun- fail of the Cabinet, that is, be the molt fecrete Secrete Counlaill, that it Q q q q im. 938 The Hi/lorie of the Reformatioim Lib. IV* imported Treafoun. Quhereof the Quene was not a lytile rejoyced ; for fche thocht anis to be revengit of that hir grit Enemy. It was concludit, that the Nobility fould be writtin for, that the Condemnatioun fould have the grit- ter Ajuthoritie. The Day was appointed about the middes of December^ quhilk was keapt of the hole Counfaill, and of dyvers iithers, (Ick as the Maifter of Ma swell, the auld Laird of Lethhigtom, and the (aid Prefident. In the mean Tyme the Erie of Murray returned from the North, to quhom the Secretare Lethhigtoun opened the Marer as beft pleif^-d him. The Mairter of Maxwell ettcr maid Lord Herris, gave unto the faid 'Johne as it had bene a Difcharge oi the Familiarity (quhilk before was grit berwix thame) unles that he wald fptisfie the Quene at hir awn Sight. The Anfwer of Jobne Knox was. That he knew no Offence done by him to the Qiienes Majefty, and thairfore he wift not quhat Satisfaftioun to mak. No Offence, faid hej Have ye not written Letters, defyrins; the Brethren from all Parts to con- vene to Andrew Arm'tlirang and Patrick Crunjionrs Day ? That I grant, (aid the uther ; bot tharein I acknowlege no Offence done be me. No Offence, faid he, to convocat the Quenes Lieges ? Not for fo ji:ft a Caus, (aid the uther, for gritter Things wer reput no Otfencie within thir two Yeirs. The Tyme, faid he, is now uther ; for then our Soverane was abfent, and now fche is prefent. It is nether the Abfence nor the Prefence of the Quene, faid he, that reuies my Confcience, bot God planely fpeking in his Word ; quhat was iawfull to me the iaft Yeir, is yit lawfull, becaus my God is un- changeable. Weall, faid he, Maifter, I have gevin you my Counfaill, do as ye lift, bot I think ye fall repent it if ye bow not unto the Quene. I und^^rftand not, (aid the Maifter, quhat ye meane ; I never maid my felf ane adverfare Party unto the Quenes Majefty, except in the Head of Re- ligioun, and thairuntill I think ye will not defyre me to bow. Weall, (aid he, yc ar wyfe yneuch ; bot ye will not find that Men will bear with you in Times to cum, as they have done in Tymes bypaft. If God ftand my Freind, (aid the uther, as I am alTured he of his Mercy will, fo lon^ as I depend upoun his Promife, and prefer his Glory to my Lyfe and worldly Profile, I lytle regaird how Men behave thamefelves towards me, nether yit know I quhareuntill any Man hes bene with me in TymeS paft, unles it be, that of my Mouth they have hard the Word of God, quhilk in Tymes to cum, if they refuis, my Hart will be perfeit, and for a Seafbne will lament ; bot the Incomodity will be thair awn. And efter thir Words (quhareunto the Larde of LorZ'zOTflr was Witnes) they departed j bot unto this Day, the 17th December ij/i, they never met in fick Familia- rity as they had before, &c. The Brute of the Accufatioun of Jobne Knox being devulgat, Mr. Johie Spenfs of Condie Advocat, a Man of gentill Nature, and ane that profeded the Do6lrine of the Evangell, cam, as it wer, in (ecrete to Jobne Knox to enquyre the caus of that grit Brute ; to quhom the faid Jobm was plane in all Things, and fchew unto him the Dowbill of the Letter ; quhilk hard and confidered, he (aid, I thank my Gad, I cam to you with ane (earfull and forowfuU Hart, fearing that ye had done fick ane Cryme as Lawes mycht have punifched, quhilk wald have bene no fmall Truble to the Hart of all fick as have receavit the Word of Lyfe quhilk ye have preached , bot I de- part gritly rejoyced, alfweili becaus I perceave your awn Comfort, even in * the Lib. IV. of Rciigwun in'^COXXOinA. 33^ ■ ■ ■ - ■ ■* — ■ ■ the middcs of your Trublcs, as that I cicirly underftand, thar ye have com- mirccd no fick Cryme as ye ar burdeined withi ye will be accufedjlaid hc,bot God will afTilt you. And lb he departed. The Erie of Murray and the Secretary fend for the fiid Joint to the Cltrk ol Regilk-rs Hous, and bep,an to lament that he had Co hiely otfendit the Quenes Majefty, the quhilk they feared fuld cum to ane grit Inconvenience to himfelf, if he wcr not wyRly forelene ^ they (chew quhat Paines and Tra- veil they had takin to mitigat hir Anger, bot they culd find nathing bet Ex- tremity, iinles that he himfelf wald conLffe his Oifence, and put him in hir Graces Will. To quhilk Heades the faid Jobne anfwered, as followes. I prays my God, throuch Chriit Jcfus, {aid he, I have learned not to cry Conjuratioun and Trealoun at every Thing that the godles Multitude does condemne, nether yit to fear the Things that they fear ; I have the Tefti- mony of a gude Confcience, that I have gevin no Occafioun to the Quenes Majefty to be otfended with me, for I have done nothing bot my Dewty, and Co quhatfoever fall thareof cniew, my gude Hope is, that my God will give me Patience to bear it ; bot to confclFe ane Otfenfc quhare my Confcience witnefleth thare is none, far be it fra me. How can it be defendit, faid Leihhigtoun ; have ye not maid Convocatioun of the Quenes Leiges? If I have not, (aid he, a juft Defence for my Fa6>, let me (mart for it. Let us hear, faid they, your Defences : For we wald be glad that ye mycht be fund innocent. Na, faid the uther, for I am in- formed, that by dyvers, and evin by you my Lord Secretary, that I am al-. ready condemned, and my Caus prejuged : Tharefore I mycht be reputed a Foole, if I wald mak you privy to my Defences. At thofe Words they {earn- ed both otfended ; and fb the Secretary departed, bot the faid Erie remained ftill, and wald have enterit in farther Difcurfe of the Eftait of the Court with the faid Jolme. Quho anfwered, my Lord, I underliand more then I wald of the Eflfaires of the Court, and tharefore it is not neidfull that your Lordfchip truble me with the recounting thareof. If ye ftand in gude Cais I am content ; and if ye do not, as I feir ye do not alredy, or els ye fall not do or it be lang, blame not me : Ye have the Counfaillors quhom ye have chofen, my wake Jugement both they and ye defpyfed : I can do nothing bot behald the End, quhilk I pray God be uther then my trublcd Hairt feireth. Within four Dayes the faid Johiie was called bef()re the Quene and Ccun- faill, betwix fex and fevin Hours at Nycht ; the Seafbun of the Year was the middes of He.ember ; the Brute ryflng in the Toun, that Jobne Knox was fent for be the Quene. The Brethren of the Toun followed in fick Number, that the inner Clofe was full, and all the Staires, evin to the Chalmer Dore quhare the Quene and Counfaill latt, quho had bene reafbning among thame- lelvcs before, bot had not fully fatisfyed the Secretaries Mynd. And Q-) was the Quene retyred to hir Cabinet,and the Lords wcr talking ilk one with ano- ther, as Occafioun fervcd. Bot upoun the Entry oi'Johne Kiios they wer com- mandit to tak thair Places, and fo they did, fitting as Counfaillors one againft another. The Duke, according to his Dignity, began the one Sydc, upoun the uther Syde fatt the Erie of £/-^)'/t', and conlequently followed the Erie of Murray, the Erie of Glemairue, the Erie Mcrcbell, the Lord Rittbven, the co- rn une OfRciars, /V/.nry then Comptroller, the Juftice Clerk, Mr. "Jobne Spei/s Q q q q - of 340 The Hiftorie of the Reformat torn Lib. IV. of CoW/> Advocatr, and dyvers uthers ftude by ; removit from the Table fat auld Leth'mgtouH Father to the Secretary, Mr. Hemy Sinclair the Bifchop of Roff, and Mr. James Mackgill Clerk ofRegifter. Things thus put in Ordour the Queue cam forth, and with no litle worldly Pompe wa§ placed in the Chair, having twa faythfull Supports, the Maifter of Max-mli upoun the one Tor, and Secretare Lethingtoun upoun the other Tor of the Chair, quhareupoun they waytit diligently, all the Tyme of that Ac- cufatioun, fumetyme the one occupying hir Ear, fumtyme the uther : Hir Pompe lackit one principall Point, to wit, womanly Gravity • for quhen fche faw Jo/me Knox ftanding at the uther End of the Tabill bairheidit ; Iche firft fmylit, and efter gave a gaulf Lauchter ; quhareat quhen hir Place^ hoes gave thair Plaiidite, affirming with lyke Countenance. This is ane gude Beginning, fche faid j bot wat ye quhareat I lauch? Youne Man gart me gritt, and grat nevir a Teir himfelf, I will fie if I can caus him gritt. At that Word the Secretary quhifperit hir in the Ear, and fche him agane, and with that gave him ane Letter ; efter the Infpeftioun thare- of he directed his Viflage and Speich to Jhne Knox in this Maner. The Quenes Majefty is informed, that ye have travellit to rayfe a Tumult of hir Subjects aganft hir, and for Certificatioun thareof, thare is prefentit to hir your awin Letter, fublcryvit in your Name ; yit becaus hir Grace will do no- thing without ane gude Advyfement, (che hes conveined yow befbr this Pairc of the Nobility, that they may witnes betwix yow and hir. Let him ac- knawlege, faid fthe, his awin Hand-wryte, and then fall we judge of the Contents of the Letter. And (b was the Letter presented from Hand to Hand, to Johne Knox^ quho, taking Infpeftioun of if, faid, I gladly acknawlege this to be my Hand-wryt : And alfo I remember, that I dytit a Letter in the Month of O^oher, giving Significatioun to the Brethren in dyvers Quarters of fick Things as difplefit me. And that gude Opinioun have I of the Fidelity of the Scrybes that willingly they wald not adulterat myOriginall, albeit I left dyvers Blanks fubfcryved with thame, and fo I acknowlcge both the Hand- wrytt and the Dytment. Ye have done more, faid Lethingtoun^ than I wald have done. Charity, faid the uther, is not fufpicious. Weall, weall, faid the Quene, read your awin Letter, and then anfwer to fick Things as fall be de- manded of you. I fall do the beft I can, faid the uther 3 and fb with loud Voce he began to read as befor is exprefled. Efter that the Letter was red to the End, it wasprefented agane toMx. Jhone Spence^ for the Quene commandit him to accufe,as he efter did, bot very gentily. Efter, we fay, that the Letter was red, the Quene behalding the hole Tabill, laid, Hard ye evir, my Lords, ane mor defpytfull and trefTonable Letter. Quhilk that no Man gave Anfwer, Lethingtoun addrefTit himfelf to Jhone Knox, and faid, Maiftir Knox, ar ye not fbry from your Hart, and do ye not repent that fick a Letter has pafTit your Pen, and from you is cum to the Rnawlege of uthers ? Jlmie Knox anfwered. My Lord Secretary, befoir I repent I rauft be taucht of my Offence. Offence, (aid Lethingtoun, if thare wer no more bot the Convocatioun of the Quenes Leiges, the Offence cannot be denyit- Re- member yourd^If, my Lord, laid the uther, thare is a Difference betwix ane law- tul^Convocatioun and ane unlawfull. If I have been gilty in this, I offended oft fince I cam lafl in Scotland: For quhat Convocatioun of the Brethren hes evir bene to this Hour unto the which my Pen ferved not } And befoir this no Man layd it to my Charge as a Cryme. Then was then, (aid Lethingtoun, and L I B. IV. of Rcligioun in Scotland. and now is now; we have no Node of fick Convocatiouns as fumtynics \vc have had. Jhne K>iox anfwercd, The Time that hes bene is evin now be- tuir my Eyis; for I fie the pure Flnck in no Ics Danger than it hes bcin at ony Tyme before, except that the Devill hes gottin a Viforne upoh'his Face. Refoir he cam in with his awin Face, difcovered by oppin Tyrrany, feikine the Deftruftioun of all that hes refufit Idolatry ; and then, I think, ye will confcs the Brethren lawfully aircmbicd thamt-felfis for Defence of thair Lives. And now the Devill cummes under the Clock of Jultice, to do that quhilk God wald not futfer him to do by Strenrh. Quhat is this, faid the Quene ? Me think ye triffle with him. Quho gave him Authority to mak Convocati- oun of my Leiges ? Is not that Treffon ? No, Madam, faid the Lord Rni/j. veil; for he maks Convocatioun of the Feple to heir Prayer and Sermond al- molt dayly, and quhat ever your Grace or uthers will think tharcof, we think it no Tredbn. Hald your Peace, faid the Qucnc, and let him mak Anfwer for himfelf. I began. Madam, faid Jl/oi/e Kiios, to rellbun with the Secreta- ry, (quhom I tak to be a better Dialectician thati your Grace is) that all Con- vocatious ar no unlawfull ; and now my Lord Rutlrjeu hes gevin the Inltance tquhilk if your Grace will deny,I fall addre!s me for the Proof I will fay norhin''' (aid the Quene, aganit your Religion, nor aganft your convening to your Ser- monds : Bot quhat Authority have you to convocat my Subjects quhen ye will, without my Comandment. I have no Plelbur, faid Jhoiie Knox^ to de- clyne fra the tbrmer Purpois; and yit. Madam, to fatisfie your Graces two <^ueftioun<;, I anfwer, That at my Will I rievir convcinit four Perf^un? in ^i ■ lujid^ bot at the Ordour which the Brethren hes appoynted. I have gevin dv'.ers Advertyifments, and gritt Multitudes have afTemblit thareupouri. And it youi Grace c. mplane, that this hes bene done without your Graces Com- mandment, I ar.lwer fa hes all that God hes blefTit within this Realme from the Beeinnmg of this Aftioun : And tharefoir. Madam, I muft be convirtit be a jui^ Law, that I have done aganft the Devvty of God's Meflingcr in wryting of this Letter, before I can eyther be fory, oi- yit repent for the doing of it, as my Loid Secretary wald perfwaid me ; for quhat I have done, I have done at the Comandment of the generall Kirk of this Realme : And tharefoir, I think, I have done no Wrong. Ye (all not efcape fa, faid the Quene. Is' it not Treifoun, my Lords, to accufe a Prince of Cruelty ? I think thare be Afts of Parliament aganft fick Quhifperers : That was grantit of mony. Bot quhareuntill, faid JI:o)ie Kiwx^ can I be accufed. Reid this Pairt of your a\vin Bill, faid the Quene, quhilk began, Thir fenfnll Sunmovdes ts direct againCt tbame {to uit^ the Brethren foirfaid) to tmik, no dout, a Preparatyve on a /«w, that a Dure may may be oppined till execute Cruelty upon a grittir Multitude. Lo* faid the Quene, quhat fay ye to that ? Quhill mony doutit quhat the faid Jhone fould anfwer, he faid unto the Quene, Is it lawful! for me, Madam, te anfwer for myfelf ? Or fall I be dampned befbir I be hard ? Say quhat yd on, faid fche; for I think ye have yneuch ado. I will firft then defyre fhts of your Grace, Madam, and of this moft honourabill Audience, Quhidder 7f your Grace knawis not, that the obftinat Papifts ar dcidly Enemies to all Tick as profes the Evangell of Jefus Chrift, and that they moft erneftly de- fyre the Exterminatioun of thame, and of the trew Doctrine that is taucht %vithin this Realme ? The Quene held hir Peace : Bot all the Lords, with comon Voce, faid, God forbid that eyther the Lyves of the Faythfu!l,'or yit the ftaying of the Doarin, ftude in the Power of tke Fapifts : For juft Ex- R r r r peri- 342 The Hijlorte of the Reformatioun Lib. IV. perience hes taucht us quhat Cruelty lyes in thair Hairts. I man proceed then, iaid Johne Kuox^ feing that I perceave all will grant, that it wer a barbarous Cruelty to deliroy fick a Multitude as profes the Evangel! of Chrift within this Realme,*quhilk ofter than once or twyle they have temptit to do be Force, as Things done of laitDays do teftifie, wherof they be God and be his Providence being difappoynted, have invented mor crafty and dangerous Pradtifes, to wit, to make the Prince Pairty under Colour of Law; and fo quhat they culd not do be oppin Force they fall perform be craftie Deceit : For quha thinks, my Lords, that the infatiabill Cruelty of the Papifts (within this Realme I meanj {all end in the murthering of thefe two Brethren now injuftly (ummoned, and mor unjuf^ly to be accufed. I think no Man of Jugment can fo cfteme, bot rather the direft contrary, that is, that by this few Number they intend to prepair a Way to their bludy Enterpryfe aganft the hole: And tharefoir. Madam, cafl up quhen ye lift the Afts of your Parliament. I have offended nothing aganft thame ; for I accufe not in my Letter your Grace, nor yit your Nature of Cruelty: Bot I affirme yit agane, that the peffilent Papifis, whp have enflamed your Grace without Caus aganfl thefe pure Men at this pre- fent ar the Sons of the [Devill ; and tharefoir mon obey the Defyres of thair Father, quho hes bene a Leir and a Manflayer from the Beginning. . Ye for- cer yourfelf, faid one, ye are not now in the Pulpitt. I am in the Place, faid the uther, quhair I am demanded of Confcience to fpeik the Treuth ; and tharefoir the Treuth I fpeik, impugne it quhofb liff. And heirunto I add. Madam that honeft, gentill, and meik Natures be Appearance, be wicked and corrupt Counfellours may be fubverted, and altered to the direft contra- ry. Exemple we have of Nero, quhom in the Beginning of his Impyre we find having fbm naturall Schamej bot efter his Flatterars had encouraged liim in all Impiety, alledging, that nothing was eyther unhoneff, or yit un- lawful! in his Perfbnage, quho was Emperour above uthers; quhen he had drunkin of this Cup, I fay to quhat Enormities he fell, the Hiflories beirs witnes. And now. Madam, to fpeik planely, Fapif^s, and conjured Enemies to Tefiis Chrifl, have your Graces Ear patent at all Tymes. I aflure your Grace they are dangerous Counfellers, and that your Mother fand. As this was faid, Lethingtoun fmirklit, and fjiack fecretlie to the Quene in hir Ear, what it was the Tabill hard not, Bot immediatly fche adreffit hir Vifage and Speich to Johie KnoXy and faid, Weall, ye fpeik fair ineuch heir before my Lords ; bot the lafl: Time that I fpack withe you fecretly, ye caufir me weip mony Salt-Tears, and faid to me flubbornly, ye fett not by my greittingj Madam, faid the uther, becaufe now the fecond Time your Grace hes bur- denit me with that Cryme, I muft anfwer, left, for my Sylince, I fbuld be 'haldin gilty. If your Grace be ryplie remembred, the Laird of Dun, yit le- ving, can teftifie the Trurth, quha was prefent at that Tyme wherof your Gra(;;e complains. Your Grace accufit me, that I had irreverently handled you in the Pulpit ; that I denyed. Ye faid, Quhat a do had I to fpeik of your Marriage ? Quhat was I, that I fould medle with fick Maters ? I anfwered. As twitching Nature, I was a Worm of this Earth, and yit a Subje6l of this Comop-w?elth. Bot as twitching the OfBce quhareuntill it had pleifed God to place me, I was ane Watchman, both over the Realme, and over the Kirk of God gaddered within the fame ; by RefTon quhareof I was bound in Confci- ence to blaw the Trumpet publicly, fo oft as e¥ir I faw ony Upfall or appa- rand Danger, eyther of the ane or the uther. Bot (a it was, that a cgrtane Brute. aiSr< Lib. IV. of Kcligwun tn Scotland. o-^ affirmir, that Traffique of Mariage Was betwixt your Grace and the Spjuifch Allya i quhareunto I fiid, that gif your Nobility and States did agree onlcs both )ou and jour Husband fould be (b (iraytly bund, that nythcr ofynu'micht hurt this Comon-vvelth, nor yit the pure Kirk of God within the fam that in that Cafe I wald pronunce, that the Confenters wtr Traytors to this Co- monwelth, and Enemies to God and to his Treuth planted with the fame' At thefe Words I grant your Grace ftormit, and burfit furth into an unrcf " fonabill weiping. Quhat Mitigatioun the Laird of Dim wald have maid I fupofe your Grace has not forgottin. Eot quhill that nothing was abill'to flay your weiping, I was compelht to fay, I tak God to record, that I nevir tuke PIcflbur to He ony Creture weip, yea, not my Children quhen my awin Hands had bett thame, much ies can I rejoyce to fie your Grace mak fick Re greit ; bot feing I have oflTered your Grace no fuche Occafioun, I man rather fuffer your Grace to tak your awin Pleflour, or that I dar conceill the Treuth and fo betray both the Kirk of God and my Comonvvelrh. Thefe wcr the moft extreme Words that I fpack that Day. Efter that the Secretary had fe creitly conferrit with the Quene, he faid, Maifter Knox ye may return to your Houfe for this Nicht. I thank God and tl:e Quenes Alajefty faid the uther. And, Madam, I pray God to purge your Hart fra Papiftri'e and to preferve you from theCounfaill of Flatrerarsi for how pleafant that they appear to your Eirs, and corrupt Affeftions for the Tyme, Experience hes tauchr us in quhat Perplexity they have brocht famous Princes. Lethmgtom and the Mai- fter of Max'xell wer that Nicht the two Stoupes of hir Chair. Johne Knox being depairted, the Tabill of the Lords, and uthers that war • prefcnt, wer demanded every Man be his Vote, \{Jokm Knox had not of^en- dit the Quenes Majef^y ? The Lords voted uniformlie they culd find no Of fence. The Quene was pafl to hir Cabinet. The Flatterers of the Court and Lethwgtom principaUy ragit. The Quene was brocht agane, and placed Its hir Chair, and they comanded to vote ovir agane, quhilk Thing hichly oftendit the haill Nobility; and they began to fpeick in oppin Audience, ^uhat fall the Land of Lethingtoun have Po-ijoer to com role us? Or fall the P>7fence\f a Womau cans ns io ofjend God, and to condemn an Innocent aganft our Confctences for Pleffoure of ony Creture? And fo the haill Nobility ablulvit Johne Kms agane, and praifitGod for his Modefty, and for his plane and fenfible Anfwers Yit before the End one Thing is to be notted, to avV, that among fa monv Flaceboes, we mein the Flatterers of the Court, thare was not one that plane !y durfl condemne the pure Man that was accufit, the fame God rcwiin/thair Toungs that fum Tyme rewlit the Toung of Balaam, quhen gladly he wald have curfit Gods Peple. This perceaved, the Quene began to upbraid Maif^er Henry Smclare then Bifchop o{ Rofs, and faid, heiring his Vote to agree with the reft, Trubill not the Bairne, I pray you trubill him not; for he is newly wakened out of his Sleip. Quhy fould not the auld Fool follow theFotef^eps of them that hes pafllt befoir him } The Bifchop anfwerit caldly. Your Grace may confider, that it is nyther Affeaioun to the Man, nor yit Love to his ProfefTioun, that movit me to abfolve him, bot the fimpill Treuth that plan \y appears in his Defence, draws me efter ir, albeit that uthers wald con' demne him and it. This being faid, the Lords and haill Affeflours araife and departit. That Nicht was nyther dancing nor fiddeling in the Court • for iVladam was difappoynted of hir Purpofc, quhilk was to have had Mm Knox u hir Will be Vot§ of hir Nobility. ^ f J^ ^ 5 Jhone $44- ^^-^^ Htftoric of the Reformat ioim Lib. IV; yiwne Knox abfolved be the Votes of the grlttell Fairt of the Nobility from the Crime intended aganft him, evin in the PrefenS of the Qucne, fche ragir, and the Placeboes of the Court ftorinit ; and Co began new Affaults to be maid at the Hands ot the faid Jhue, to confes ane Offence, and to put him in the Quenes Will, and thay fold promeis that his gritteft Punifchment fould be to go within the CafJel of Ediiibiirghe^ and immediatly to returne to his awin Houfe. He anfwerit, God forbid that my ConfelTioun fbuld condemne thofe Nobillmen that of thair Confcience, and with Difplefure of the Quene, have abiblvit me. And farther I am affured, ye will not in erneft defire me to confes an Offence, nnles that tharewith ye wald defyre me to ceis fra preiching : For how can I exhort uthers to Peace and Chriftein Quyetnes if I contes myfelf ane Authour and Mover of Seditioun. The Generall Aflembly of the Kirk approched, quhilk began the 2jth Day of December 1^63. Bot the juft Petitiouns of the Minilkrs, and Commiffion- nars of the Kirks, Wer defpyfed at the firft, arid that vvith thcfe Words, Js Miniliers will not follow our Coimfeh, fo will we fujjer Mmfttrs to labour for thamejelfis, and fie quhat Speid they cum. And quhen the hole AfTemble faid. If the ^lene will not provyde for cur Minifters^ we man ; for loth third And twa Pairts ar rigoroufy tahn from ns, dnd from cur ^enents. If uthers, faid one, will follow my Counfell, the Garde and the Papilts fall complane us long as vur Minifters have dene. At thefe Words the former Scharpnes was coloured, and the Speiker aHegit, that he meant not of all Minifters, bot of fijch to tjuhom the Quene was no Debtour ;, for quhat third reflavit fche of Burrows? Chri;iopher Goodman anfwerit, My Lord Secretary, if ye can fchaw me quhaC juft Tytle eyther the Quene ha to the Third,or the Papifts bot to the twa Part, then I think I fould refolve you quhidder fche wer Debitor to Miniflers with- in Burghes vv nut. Bet thareto he reffavit this Check for Anfiver, Ne fit pe- regrinus curiofiis in aliena repiiblica. That is. Let not a Stranger be curious in a firange Comon-welth. The Man of God anfwerit. Albeit in your Policy I be a Stranger, yit fb am I not in the Church of God ; and tharefore theCair thareof perteins no les to me 'm Scotland than if I wer in the myddeft of England. M jny wonderit at the Sylence of Jhone Knox; for in all thefe quick Reflbn- ings he oppined not his Mouth : The Caus whareof he himfelf exprefTit in thefe "Words. Richt honourabill and beloved Brethren, I have travellit fince mylaftAr- ryvall within this Realme, in ane upricht Confcience before my God, feiking nothing mor, as he is my Witnefs, than the Advancement of his Glory, and the Stability of his Church within this Realme ; and yit of lait Days I have bene accufed as a feditious Man, and as ane that ufurps unto myfelf Power that becumes me not. Trew it is, I have gevin Advertyfements to the Bre- thren in dyvers Quarters, of the Extremity intended aganfl certane Faythfull, for luiking to a Preift going to Mefs, and for obferving of thofe that tranf^ grefTit juft Laws ; bot that thareuntill I have ufurped farther Power than is gevin unto me, till that be you I be damned I utterly deny : For I fay that be you (that is, by the Charge of the Generall AfTembly) I have als jufl Power to advertyfe the Brethren from Tyme to Tyme of Dangers appeiring, as that I have to preich the Word of God in the Pulpit of Edinburgh ; for be you •was I appoynted to the one and to the uther : And tharefor, in the Name of God, I crave your Jugment. The Danger that appeired to me in my Accu- fatioun was not fo feirfull as the Words that cam to my Ears wer dolorous to my Hart ; for thefe Words wer planly fpokin, and that by fome Prote- ftan ts, IB. IV. of Riligwiai ifi Scotland. 545 ftants, ^ikit can the Riip do ma'ir tlan fend faith his Letters^ ,nid rrqit/re tbame to be obeyed? Let mc have your Ju^mciirs tliarefiiit- quliidder chat I have ufurped ony Power ro myfclf, or if 1 have bot obeyed yOfr Comanil- mcnt. The Flatterers of the Court, amanp; quhnm Sir "^ohne Ealki,.icii Jurtice Clerk was then not the lealt, bc-7,an to (torme, and (Iiid, fill we be oinju-I- lit to juftifie the ra(ch Doings of Men. My Lord, faid Jobiie Knos^ ye fill fpcik your Plefure for the prefent, of you I crave nothing, bot if the Churclie that is heir prelent, do not ether ablblvc me, or ellis condemne me, never fdl I in publift nor in private, as ane publict Minilk-r, open my MoUth in D •'(^rine nor in Redbning. Efter lang Contentioun the faid 7''^'"'^ being removed, the hole Kirk find that a Charge was gcvin unto him, to advertife the Brethren in all Ouarters als oft as ever Danger apperit ; and thairfore avowit that Faft not to be his only, bot to be the Fa6i of thame all. Thuirat wer the Queues Claw-backes more enraged then ever thay wer, for fum of thame had promilcd to the Quene to get the iaid Johm convi(5t, bothc by the Councell, and by the Churchej and being fruftrat of bothe, fche and thay thdcht thanifelvcs not a lytle difapoynted. In the verray Tyme of the Generall Afltmbly thair cummis to publi(5l Knawlege, a haynous Murther comittcd in the Court, yea not far from the Queues awn Lapp ; for ane Frenche Woman that fervit in the Queues Chaf- jner had playit the Hure with the Quenes awn Hypothecary ; the Woman conce?ved and bair a Child, quhome with comune Confent the Father and the Mother murtherit ; yit wer the Cryes of a new borne Chyld hard, fenrche was made, the Chyld and Mother wer bothe deprehended, and fb wer borhe the ^Lan and the Woman damned to be hanged upoun the publict Streit of Edinburgh. The Puni(chment was notabill becaus the Cryme was heynous. Bot yit w^as not the Court purged of Hurcs and Huredome, which was the Fontane of fuch Enormities, for i: was vveill knawn, that Schame hailtit Mariage betwix Jobne Sempill called the Danfer, and Marie Lningfto-ni lur- named the Lultic. Quhat Brute the Maries and the reft of the Dawnfers of the Court had, the Ballats of that Age did Witnes, which we for Modeftits fake oraiit ; bot this was the comune Complaynt of all godly and wyfe Men, that if thay thocht that Cuche a Court fuld long continew^ and if they liiikic for none uther L>fe to cum, they wald have wifchit rhair Si)nes and Daucii- ters rather to have bene brocht up with Fidlars and Daunlars, and to have bein cxercifit in flinging upoun a Flure, and in the reft that tlinirof fol- lowes, then to have bene nurifched in the Cumpany of the godly, and exef- cifed in Vertcw, quhilk in that Court was hated, and Filthines not onWa menteined, bot alfo rewarded; Witnes the Lordlchip of /fbirccme, the Ba- ' rony ofAhennouiie, and dyvers uthers perteyning to the Patrimony of the Crov.'n gevin in Inheritance to Scoupperis, Daunler"?, and Dalliars with Dames. This was the begining of the Regiment of A'/jrie Quene of Sio:!/^ and thir wer the Frufies that fche brocht furrli o( Frrnue. Lord Lie thorxi up- oim our Miferies, and delyver i:s pane the '£yrany of that H.irc, for thy aivn Afef^ cies Sake. God frome Kevin, and upoun the Face of the Erthe gave Declar.-tioun that lie was offended at the Iniquity that was comittcd even within this Re- almei for upoun the ::c. Day ofTannare thair fell Wet in great Abunda.'ice^ S f f f " quhilk 34^ The Hillorie of the KcjcrmatioHn Lib. IV. quhilk in the falling freifit fo vehement!y,thac the Erthe was bot ane Schott of Icej the Foules baith great and fmall trealir, and micht not flie, many deif, and fum wer takin and layed befyde the Fyre, that thair Fethers micht re- Ibive ; and in that fam Moneth the See ftude ftill, as was cleirly obferved, and nether ebbit nor flowit the Space of lAe Hours. In the Moneth of Fe- briiare, the fiftein and eightein Days thairof, wer (ein in the Firmament Bat- tels arrayit, Speires, and uther "Weapons, and as it had bene the joynmg of two Armies : Thir Things wer not only obftrvit, bot alfo fpokin and con- ftantly affirmit be Men of Jugement and Credite. Bot the Quene and our Court maid merry ; thare was banquetting upoun banquetting ; the Quene wald banquett all the Lords ; and that was done upoun Policy to remove the Sufpicioun of hir Difplefbur againft thame, becaus that they wald not at hir Devotioun dampne Jo/me Knox. To remove, we {ay, that Jelowfie, (che maid the Banquett to the hole Lords, quhareat fche wald have the Duck a- mongft the reft. It behuifit thame to banquet hir agane ; and Co did ban- quetting continew till Faftronevin and efter. Bot the pure Minifters wer mocked and reputed as Monfters ; the Gaird, and the Effaires of the Kitching wer (b gripping, that the Minifters Stipends could not be had ; and yit at the Aflembly precedent, (blemned Promeis was maid in the Quenes Name, by the Mouth of the Secretary Lethmgtom?^ in the Audience of many of the No- bility, and of the hole Aflembly, quho affirmit that he had Comandement of hir Highnes, to promeis unto thame full Contentatioun to all the Minifters within the Realme of Things bygane, and of fuche Ordour to be keiped in all Tymes to cum, that the hole Bodye of the Proteftants fbuld have Occafiouti to ftand content ; the Erie of Murray affirmit the fame, with mony uther fair Promifes gevin by writt, by Lethingtoim himfelf ; as in the Regifter of the A6ls done in the Generall AfTembly may be fene ; bot how that or yit any uther Thing promiied by hir or in hir Name, unto the Kirk of God, was ob» fervit, the Warld can witnes. The Minifters perceaving all Things tend to ruyne, difchairgit thair Con- fcience in publift and in private ; bot they receivit for thair Laboures Indig- natioun and Hatrent ; and among uthers, that worthy Servand of God Mr. Johne Craig, fpeiking againi^ the manifeft Corruptioun that then without Schame or Feir declairit the felf, (aid, Sumtymes wer Hypocrytes knawia be thair difguyfed Habites, and we had Men to be Munks, and Wemen to be Nunnes ; bot now all Things ar Co changed, that we cannot difcerne the lirle from the Abbott, nor the Nun from fick as wald be haldin Nobillwemin ; Co that we have gottin a new Ordour of Munkis and Nunnis • but, faid he, feing ye efcheme not of that injuft Profite, wald to God that thairwith ye had the CowU of the Nun, the Vaill, yea, and the Taill joyned withall, thai: fo ye micht appeir in your awn Colours. This Liberty did fo provoke the Choler of Lethingtom, that in open Audience he gave him unto the Devill, if that ever efter that Day he fuld regarde quhat became of the Minifters, bot he (buld do quhat he could, that his Compainyeouns fould have a Skair with him : And let thame bark and blaw, faid he, als loude as they lift. And fo that was the fecund Tyme that he had gevin his Defyance to the Servands of God. And heirupone rayfe Quhifpering and Complaynts, all be the Flatterars of the Court, compleyning that Men wer not cheritably handled. Micht not Synnt'<5 be reproved in generall, albeit that Men wer not fo fpecially taxed, that all the Warld mycht knaw of quhom the Freichar fpak ? Quhare* unto Lib. IV. oj Rcligicim in Scotland. 34.7 unto was this Anfwere maid, let Men cfchame publiclly to oiTend, and the Minilk'rs lail aNkne from Specialities ; but Co lone; as Proteftanfs ar not e- (chimed mnnifelily to do againft the Evangell of Jefus Chrirt, fo long can- not the Minilters of God cea(s to cry, that God will be revenged upoun fuche Abulars of his Holy "Word. And thus had the Servands of God a dowbill Battcll, fechting upoun tne one Syde againlt the Idolatry and the relt of the Abhominatiouns mcnrcvned be the Quene; and upoun the uthcr Parte, againft the Unthanktulnes of lijche as fumtymes wald have bene efteamed the cheit Pillaris of the Churche with- in the Real me. The Threatnings of the Preachars wcr feirfiill, hot the Court thocht the felf in fuciie Security, that it culd not milcary. The Quene eftcr the ban. quetting keipit a Dyet be the Dire(5^ioun of Monficur la Ufurie Frenche Man, quho had bene acquainted with hir Malady befoir, being hir Phyfician : And thairefter fchc for her fecund Tyme maid hir ProgrelTe to the Northe, and comanJit to Warde in the Caftell of Edhilnirgh, the Erie of Cithiefs, for a Miirther comitted by his Servands upoun the Erie oC Marchellis Men ; he obey- it, hot he was fuddanely releived ; for fuche BKide-thrillie Men, and Papilks, fuche as he, ar bell Subjects to our Queue. Thy Kin^-ioim cum, O Lord^ for in this Realme is nolh'ing {among fvch as foiiU pnmfch Vjce and mehteyne . Vertew) hot Abbominjtioun ahnuding ■vc'itbout Bryddl. The Flatterars of theCourt did dayly enrage ngainft the pure Preichars; hap- pieft was he rhat could invent the moft bitter Taunts and di(daynfull Mockings of the Minifters. And at lenth thay began to jeft at the Terme IdoUtile. Affirming, Thn Men •ujifi mi quhat: they fpal\ qithen they callit the Mejs Idola- iiie : Yea, fiim proceidit farther, shd feirit not at open Tables to affirme,' Tlat they '■jjald fuRene the Argitment^that the Mefs ixias no Idolatrie. Thefe Things cuming to the Eares of the Preichars, they wer proclamed in the pul lift Pul- pit of Edinburgh, with this Complaynt, direft by the Speikar to his God. 0 Lord, how long fall the JVicktt pre-vaill againft the Jult ? Hojj long fall thou fuf- fer ihyfelf and thy blifjed Ev^ngell to be defpyfed of Men, of Men, ixe fay, that boaft tbamejelfis Defendars of thy Treuth ; for of thy manifeft and knaixn E- vemies -we cowplein not ; but of fuche, as linto quhome, thou hes reveillit thy Lycht : For now it comes unto our Earer, that Men, not Papilts, ive fay, hot cheif Frote- ftants •vaUl defend the Mefs to he no Idolatrie. If fo "xer, 0 Lord, miferahly hai;e I hein deceaved, and miferablie, 0 Lord, have I deceaiied thy Pepel \ qubdk tho'Xy 0 Lord, knazvis I have ever more ahhorrit lh:n a thowfand Deiths. Bot, (aicl he, turning his Face toward the Place quhare fuche Men, as fo had afflrmir, fat ; If I be not abill to prove the Mefs to he the mcft ahkominahill Idolatrie that e- ver uas ufed fince the Beginning of the PVarld, I offer my felf to fuff'er the Punifch- merit appoynted he God to a jals Teachar ; and it appeirii to me, (aid the Preach- ar, that the Affirmar fould he fubjelled to the fame La'X : For it is the Treuih of God that ye perjecute and hlafpeme : And it is the Inventiouns of the Devill, that ohftinatly againft his IVord ye manteyn. ^uhareat, alleit no-ixj ye flirt and ye flea; as thoch all that "xer fpokin -xer lot JVind, yit am I ah affured, as lam affured that my God liveth, that fum that heir this your Deje^toun and Rayl- ing againft the Treuth, and Servands of God, Jail fee a Parte of God's Judge- ments poured furth upoun this Realme { and principally upoun yow thai f aft eft cleif to the Favour of the Court ) for the Ahhom'uiaUoum that ar he yow mentenyed. Al- beit that fuche Vehemency provokicTeares of fum, yit thofe Men that knew S f f f 2 thamefelfr* 3-4-8 The Hijlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. IV. thamefelfis gilty, in a moking Maner faid, We tmfl recant^ and hum our Bill, for the Preichhars ar aiigne. The Generall Affembly holden in 7«>m i564approchit, unto the whiche a grit Parte of the Nobility, of thofe that ar called Proteftants, conveinit: Sum for Afliftance of tbeMinifters, and (um to accufe thame, as we will efter heir. A iytle befoir the(e Trubles, whiche Sathan rayfit in the Body ofthe Churche, began one Davie, ane Italian, to grow grit in the Court. The Quene ufit him for Secretary, in Things that aperteinit to hir (ecrete Effairs, in France or ehquhare. Grit Men maid Court unto him, and thair Sutes wer the bet- ter hard \ bot of his Beginning and Progres, we delay now farther to (peik, becsus that his End will requyre theDefcriptioun ofthe hole, and referris it un- to li che, as God (all rayfe up to do the fame. The firrt Day of the Generall Aflembly the Courteours, nor the Lords that dependit upoun the Court, prefentit not thamefelfis in Seffioun with thair Breth- ren ; quhareat mony wonderit. Ane auncient and honourabill Man, the Laird ot Lond'ie, faid, Nay, I wonder not of thair frefent ylbfence; bot I laonder that at our laji Ajjemhly, they drew thamfelfis apart e, and joynit not with us, bot drew frome us fum of our Miniliers, and willit thame to conclude fuche Things^ as wer never proponed in the public Affembly, quhilk apperis to me to he a Thing very prejudiciall to the Lihertie of the Churche : And tharefoir my Judgement is, that they fall be informed of this Offence, quhilk the hole Brethren have conceavit of thair former Fault; humbly requiring thame, that if thay be Brethren, that ihay will affift thair Brethren, with thair ¥re fence and Counfaill, for we had ne- ver gritter Neid. And if they be myndit to fall back from us, it wer hetttr we hiew it now then efterwards. Thareto agreit the hole Aflembly, and gave ComifTioun to certane Brethren, to fignifie the Mynds of the Affembly to the Lords, whiche was done the fame Day Efternone. The Courteours at firtt feamit not a Iytle offended, that they fbuld be as it v.'er fufpefted of Defeclioun : Yit nevertheles upoun the Morrow, they joynit to the Affem- bly, and came unto it. Bot they drew agane thamefelfis, lyk as thay did befoir, a pairt, and enterit in the inner Counfail-hous, They wer the Dukes Grace, the Erles Argyll, Murray, Mortoun, Glencarne, Mdrchell, Rothefs, the Maifler of Maxwell, Secretary Lethingtoun, the Juftice Clerk, the Clerk of Regifler, and Comptroller the Laird of Petarro. Efter a Iytle Confultatioun, they direfi a MefTinger, Maifter George Hay, then called the Minifler of the Court, requyring the Superintendents, and fum of the learned Minifters, to confer with thame. The Affembly anfwerit. That they conveinit to deliberat upoun the comoun Effaires of the Kirk ; and that tharefoir they could not lake thair Superintendents, and cheif Minifters, who(e Judgements wer lb neceflary, that without thame the reft fbuld fitt, as it wer idill: And tharefoir willit thame fas of befoir) that if thay acknaw- Icgit thamfelfis Members of the Kirk, that thay wald joyn with thair Brethren, and propone in publift fuch Things as thay pleifit ; and lb thay fbuld have the Afliftance of the hole in all Things, that micht f^and with God's Comande- ,ment. Bot to fend from thamefelfis a Portioun of thair Cumpsny, thay un- derftude, that thareof Hurt and Sclander mycht aryle, rather then ony Profite or Comfort unto the Kirk : For they feirit, that all Men fould not ftand con- tent with the Conclufioun, where the Conference and Refibuns wer but hard of a few. This Lib. IV. ofRcligioim ///Scotland. 34^ This Anfwer was not gcvin without Caus ; for no fmall Travell was maid, to have drawn in fum Minilkrs to the Faflioun of the Courteours, and to have fuftcnit thair Arguments and Opiniouns. Bot quhen it was perccaved be the maift politick amongrt thame, that they could not prcvaill be tlut Mean, ihay proponit the Mater in uthcr Termes, purging thamefllfis, firft that they never ment to feparat thamcfcjtis trom the Society of thair Brethren ; bot btcaus they had certane Heids to confer with certane Minilk-rs • tharefoir for avoyding of Confufioun, they thocht it more expedient to have the Confe- rence befoir a few, rather than in the pubhft Audience. Bot the Aflembley did ftill reply, That fecrete Conference wald thay not admit, in thele Heids that (buld be concludit be general] Vote. The Lords promifir, That no Con- clufioun iould be takin, neyther yit Vote requyred, till that both the Propofi- tiouns and the RelTouns (buld be hard, and confiddered of the hole Body. And upoun that Conditioun wer direft unto thame, with cxprefled Charge, lo con- clude nothing, without the Knawledge and Advyfe of the AflTembley, the Laird of Dun Superintendent of Aiigus^ the Superintendents of Lowthiatie and Fy/>, Maifler Johne Rouv, Maifler Jobne Craig, JVilUam ClryfJifone, Mniftcr Dwjid Lhtdefay, Minifters, with the Reftor of Sanft Aiidrois, and Maiiter George Hay, i)\Q Superintendent ofGIaJgo-jv. Maifter Jobne JVillock was Modcratour and Johie Knox waited upoun the Scrybe. And fb thay wer appoynted to lit with the Brethren. And that becaus the principal] Complaynt concemit lolne KnoXy he was al(b called for. Secretary Lethingtoim began the Harrang, which contened thefe Heads. ///-//, How much we wer addetted unto God, be quhofe Providence we had Li- berty of Religioun under the Quenes Majefty, albeit that fche was not per- (waded in the fam. Secuvdarily, How necelliry a Thing it was that the Quenes Majef^y, be all gude Offices (fo fpack he) of the Part of the Church, and of the Minifters principally, Ibuld be retained in that confiant Opinion, that they unfenyitly favoured hir Advancement, and procurred hir Subjects to have a gude Opinioun of hir. And, laft. How dangerous a Thing it was, that Minifters fuld be notit ane to difagre from ane uther, in Form of Prayer for hir Majefty, or in Doctrin concerning Obedience to hir Authority. And in thefe two laft Heads, laid he, we defyre you all to be circumfpc-ct ; bot efpecially we moft crave of you our Brother "Jolw Knos, to moderate your- felf alfweill in Form of Prayer for the Quenes Majefty, as in Doiftrin that ye propone concerning hir Eftate and Obedience: Nyther fall ye take thiSj faid he, as fpokin to your Reproch, quia mens inlerdiim in corpore piiLhro, but becaus that uthers, by your Exemple, may imitat the like Liberty, albeit not with the fam Modefty and Forficht; and quhat Opinioun that may ingendcr in the Peples Heids wyfe Men do forfle, ©■. The faid Jolnie prepared him for Anfwer as follows. Gif fuch as feir God have Occaifioun to prays him that becaus Idolatry is mantyned, the Servands of God dtfpy. led, wicked Men placed agane in Honour and Authority, Mailter Henry Sin- dare was a fchort Tyme before maid Prefident, quho before durit not have fittin in Jugment ; And finaly, laid he, if we aucht to prays God be- caus that Vyce and Impiety overflows this hole Realme without Punifchmenr, then have we Occafioun to rcjoyce and to prays God: Bot if thefe and the Jyke ufe to provock God's Vengeance againft Rcalmes and Natiouns, then, in my Jugment, the Godly within Scotland aucht to lament and murne, end {'o to prevent God's Jugments, left that he, fynding all in a lyke Security, ftr^kg T t t .r ' i n 3^0 The Hiftorie of the Rejormatwun Lib. I V^. in his bote Indignatioun, beginning perchance at fuch as think they ofiend not. That is a Held, faid Lethiugtoim^ quhareinto ye and I never agreed; for how ar ye abill to prove, that evir God ftrack or plagued ony Natioun or Pepel for the Iniquity of thair Prince, if tliey thameielfis lived godly? I lucked,faid he, my Lord, to have had Audience, till I had abfoived the uther two Pairts ; bot feeing it plefis your Lordlchip to cut me off before the myddefl, I will anfwer to your Queffioun. The Scripture of God fchawis to me, that Jenifalem and Juda wer punifched for the Sin of Manaffes ; and if ye will alledge, that they wer punifched becaus they wer wicked, and offended with their Ring, and not becaus the Ring was wicked; I anfwer. That albeit that the Spirit of God maks for me, faying in expres Words, For the Sinus of Ma- nalTes yet I will not be fo obftinat as to lay the hole Sin, and the Plagues that thareof followed, upoun the Ring, and utterly abiblve the Peple ; bot I will grant with you, that the hole Peple offended with the Ring. Eot how and in quhat FafTioun I feir that ye and I fall not agree. I dout bot the hole Multitude accompanied him in all the Abominatiouns which he did , for I- dolatry and a fals Religioun hes evir bene, is, and will be plefant to the moft Pairt of Men. Bot to affirm that all Juda comitted really the Acfs of his Impiety, is bot to affirm, that which nether has Certainty, nor yit Ap- pearance of Treuth : For quho can think it to be pofTibiU, that all thofe of Jenifalem fould fo fchortly turne to externall Idolatry, confiddering the nota- bill Reformatioun laitly before had in the Days of Ezekias : Bot yit fays the Text Manaijes maid Jiida and the Inhabitants of Jerujalem to err. Trew it is for the one Part, as I have faid, willingly followed him in his Idolatry, and the uther, be RefToun of his Authority, fuffered to defyle Jerujalem^ and the Temple of God with all Abhominatiouns, and fo wer they all criminal! of his Sinn, the one by Aft and Deed, the uther by Suffering and Permiffioun. Evin as haill ScotUnd is this Day gilty of the Quenes Idolatry, and ye, my Lords . efpecially above all uthers. Weall, (kid Lethii/gtoimy that is the ch.ef Held quharein we nevir agreed; bot of that we fall fpeik heirefter. Quhat will ye fay as twitching the moving of the Peple to have a L,ude Opinmun of the Quenes Majefty, and as concerning Obedience to be gevin to hir Au- thority, as alfo of the Form of the Prayer which comonly ye ufe ? &c. My Lord, faid he, more erneftly to move the Peple, or yit utherwyfe to pray than heirtofor I have done, a gude Confcience will not fuffer me ; for he quho knaws the Secreets of Harts, knaws that privatlyand publiclly I have called unto God for hir Converfioun, and have willed the Pepel to do the fam fchawing thame the dangerous Eflate wherin not only fche hirfelf fhnds, bot alfo of the hole Realme, be RefToun of hir indurat Blindnefs, &c. That is it, faid Lethit/gton^ wherin we find gritteft Fault. Your Extremity aganft hir Mefs in particular pafTes Meafure. Ye call hir a Slave to Sathan ; ye affirm, that God's Vengeance hangs over the Realme, be RefToun of hir Ir niquity. And quhat is this els, bot to rails up the Harts of the Pepel aganft hir Majel^y, and aganft thame that ferve hir? Then thare was hard ane Acclamatioun of the reft of the Flatterars, that fuch Extremity culd not pro- iite. The Maifter of Maxwell faid in plane Words, If I wer in the Quenes Majeftys Place, I wald not fiiffer fuch Things as I heir. If the Words of Preichers, faid Johne Knox, fall alwys be reft to the worfl Part, then it will be hard to fpeik ony Thing fb circumfpectly (provyded that the Treuth be fpokin) quhilk fall not efcape the Cenfure of the Calumniator. The mofl vehe* Lib. iV. of licltgiomi in Scotland. 35 f vehcmenr, nnd as ye fpeik, cxceffive Maner of rnycr, that I ufe in publicl is tlus. O Lord, ij thy gi.Je Picjouie h^ purge the Ihiit of the i^iei/es Majelh from the yeuome oj h'oialry^ and deliver ku from the Bondage and T'hmUome of Saibiin^ into the uhich jde hes bene hioitt up^ and )it rauams for the Lake of tie-'ju Doi^riH ; and let hir fie^ ly the liinniitratioitn of ihj Hol)e Spiiii^ that thaie is no Mean to pieis the hut Jef/u Chrift thy only Sone^ and that Jefus Chrifi can not he junde hot m ihj holy fl'ord^ nor yit refavit hot as it prefcryhes^ ixkich is to renitme our avuin ff'iis^ and preconcea-jed Opiniouns, and •xorfchrp the as thou comands \ that in jo oonig (che may a'icyde that eternal/ Danmaiioitn which ahyds all chfliruitc and impenitent unto the End-^ and that this pare Realme way alfo efcape that Plague and I'engeance which ine^iitahly follows Idolatry ^ menteyned aganft thy nioiiileft fl ord, and the open Licht tharerf. This, laid he, is the Form of my cc mi.ne Prayer, as yourfelfis can wicnes. Now qiihat is wor- thy Repiehenfioun in it I wald heir, (Sf. Thave ar ihre Things, faid Lethingtom^ that never lyked me. And the firft is. Ye pray for the Qucnes Majcliy with ane G-nditicun, faying, lllu- minat hir Hart gif thy glide Pleffour he; quharby it may appear, that ye dout of hir Converfoun. Quhare have ye Exemple of fuch Prayer? Quharc- foever the Excmples ar, faid the uther, I am afTurcd of the Rewl, which is this, G-f lie fall ask ony Thing according to his U'lll^ he wll heir us. And our Ma Her Chnlt Jtlus comandcd us to pray unto our Father, 7hy Hid he done, Bot, laid Lethingtoun, quharever fynd ye ony of the Prophets fb to have pray- ed? It fufficerh me, faid the uther, my Lord, that the Mafler and Teacher both of Prophets and Aprftles hes racht mc lb to pray. Eot in fo doino- faid be, yt put a Dout in the Pcpels Heid of hir Convcrficun. Not I, my Lord feid the uther, bot hir awn obftinat Rebellioun caufis mo than me dout of hir Conveifioun. Quharin, faid he, rebelis Iche aganfl God ? In all theActi- ouns of hir Lyf, laid the uther j bot in thir two Hcids efpecially. Former That fche will not hear the prieching of the blefTed Evangell of Jefus Chrifi. And /ecimdarily^ThsLt fche manteyns that Idoll the Mefs. Sche thinks not that Rebellioun, faid Lethingtonn, bor gude Rel gioin. So thocht they, laid the uther, that fLmr}mcs offered their Children unto A.'olcch^ and yit the Spirit of God affirms, that they offered //ww unto De-iiilj^aiid not unto God And this Day the T'ltrks think thamelelfis to have a better Religioun than the Papifls have- and yir, I think, ye will excufe nether of thame both fiom comirin^ Rebel- lioun aganli God : Nerher yit juflly can ye do the Qucne, onles that ye will mak God to be partial!. Bot yit, faid Lethwgtonn^ quhy pray ye not for hir without moving ony Dout ? Becaus, faid the uther, I have learned to pray in Fayih; now Fayth, je knaw, defends upon the Word of Gcd, and fo it is that the Word teaches me, that Prayers profit the Sonns and Dochters of Cod's Eleftioun, of quhilk Number quhidder fche be ane or not, I have iufl Caus to dout ; and tharefore I pray God il'uminat hir Hart grf his gude Fief- four he. Bot yit, faid Lelhingioun, ye can produce the Extmple cf rone that ib hes prayed before you. Thareto I have alredy anfwercd, laid fohne Knox. Bot yit, fi)r farther Declaratioun, I will demand ane Queflioun, which is this* Quidder gif ye thirk that the Apoftles prayed thamelelfis as they ccmanded uthers to pr?y ? Quho douts of that, faid the hole Cumpany that wer pre- fent ? Weall then, laid Johne Knox., I am affured ih:M Peter faid thefe Words to Symon / higus., Repent tharefore of this thy fVickednes, and pray to God thai ij it be poffibtU the Ihocht of thyneHart may he forgevin thee. Hare we may clear- T t t t_2 j« The Hiftorie of the Reformatioun L i b. IV. ly fie, that Peter joyns a Conditioun with his Comandment, that Symon (lild repent and pray, to w/V, if it wer poffible that his Sin micht be forgiven j for he was not ignorant that fome Syns wer unto the Death, and fb without all Hope of Repentance or Remifiioun. And think ye not, my Lord Secre- tary, laid he, hot the fam Dout may twitch my Hart as twitching the Quenes Converfioun, that then twitched the Hart of the Apoftle ? I wald never, faid Lethwgtoim^ hear you or ony uther call that in dout. Eot your Will, fiid the uther, is no A durance to my Confcience. And, to fpeik frely, my Lord, I wonder if ye yourfelf dout not of the Quenes Converfioun j for mor evident Sygns of Induratioun have appeared, and ftill do appear in hir, than Peter utwardly could have efpyed in Symon Magus : For albeit fumtymes he was ane Socerer, yit joyned he with the 'Apoftles, beleeved and was baptyzed ; and albeit that the Venom of Avarice remaned in his Hart, and that he wald have bocht the Holy Ghoft, yit quhen he hard the fearful! Threatnings of God pronunced aganft him, he trembled, defyred the Affiftance of the Prayers of the Apoftles, and fo humbled himfelf, fo far as the Jugment of Men culd pears, lyk as a trew Penitent, and yit we fie that Peter douts ot his Converfioun. Quhy then may not all the Godly juftly dout of the Conver- fioun of the Quene, quha has ufit Idoltatry, quhilk is no les odious in the Sycht of God than is the uther, and ftill continues in the (am, yea, that de- fpyfis all Threatnings, and refufis all godly Admonitiouns ? Quhy fay ye that Iche refufis Admonitioun, faid Lethingtoun ? Sche will gladly hear ony Man. Bot quhat Obedience to God, faid the uther, or to his Word, enfews of all that is fpoken unto hir? Or quhen fall fche be fene to give hir Prefens to the publift Preaching ? I think never, faid Lethingtoun, fo long as fche is thus entreted. And fb long, faid the uther, ye and all uthers mon be content that I pray fb as that I may be afTured to be hard of my God, that is, that his gudeWill may be done, eyther in making hir comfortabel to his Church, or if that he has appoynted hir to be a Scourge unto the fam, that we may have Patience, and fche may be brydled. "' Weall, faid Lethingtoun, lat us cum to the fecund Head. Quhare fynd ye that the Scripture calls ony the bond Slaves of Sathan ? Or that the Pro- phets of God fpeak fb irreverently of Rings and Princes? The Scripture, faid Johne Knox, fays, that ly Nature we ar all the Sonns of IVrath. Our Ma- tter Chrift Jefus affirms, that fuch as do fmn ar Servants to Sinn, and that it is the only Sonn of God that fets Men at Fredom. Now quhat Difference IS thare betwixt the Sons of Wrath, the Servands of Sin, and the Slaves to the Devill, I underftand not, except I be taught. And if the Scharpnes of the Term offend you, I have not invented that Phrafe of fpeaking, bot have learned it out of God's Scriptures ; for thefe Words I find fpoken unto Paull, Behold I fend the unto the Gentiles, to oppin thair Eyes, that they may turne fra Darknes to Licht, and fra the Power of Sathan unto God. Mark thir Words, my Lord, and ftur not at the fpeaking of the Holy Ghoft. And the fame Apoftle, wryting to his Scoller 'fimotheus, fays, Inftru^ with Meiknes ihofe that ar contrary mynded, if that God at ony Tyme will give thame Repentance^ that they may know the 'Treuth, and that they may cum to Amendement out of the Snair of the Devil, quhilk ar takin of him at his TVill. If your Lord- (chip do rychtly confidder thefe Sentences, ye fall not only find my Words to be the Words of the Holy Ghoft, bot alfe the Condirioun which I ufe to add, to have the Affurance of God's Scriptures. Bot they fpeak nothing * aganfl IB. IV. oj Rcligictiu in Scotland. 353 acanrt Kings in fpcciall, faid Lethiii^tomi^ and yit your continuall cryine is the Qucncs Idolatry, the Quenes Mcls will provock God's Vengeance. In the former Sentences, laid the urher, I hear not Kings and Qucnes excepted bot all Unfaythfiill ar pronunced to (land in one Rank, and to be in Bon- dage to one Tyrrnnt the Devil). Bot belyk, my Lord, laid he, ye little re- gard the Ertate wherin they Ibnd, qiihen ye wald have thame lo Mattered that the Danger thareof Ibuld nether be knawn, nor yit declared to tlie pure Pepel. Quhare will ye find, laid Lct}:iiigtoitit^ that ony of the Prophets did To entret Kings and Qiienes, Rcvvlars or Magiltrates ? In mo Places than one laid, the iiiher. A-I.\ih was a King, and 7^/i//v// was a Qiiene, and )it quhat the Prophet Elms laid to the one and to the uther, I fupole ye be not igno- rant. That was not cryed out before the Pepel, (aid Lethhigtoun^ to make thame odious unto thair Subje6is. That EUds laid. Dogs fall lyck the Elude of Achab, faid Johne Knox, and eat the Flefch of Jefabell, the Scripture allures me : Bot that it was quhifppered in their awn Ear, or in a Corner, I read nor. Bot the plane contrary appears to me, which is, that both the Pepel and the Court underftude wcall eneuch quhat the Prophet had pronouncit ; for 16 wit- nelTit Jehu, efter that God's Vengeance had Ibickcn Jefubell. They wer lin- gular Motions of the Spirit of God, laid Letbingtouii, and apperten nothing to this our Age. Then hes the Scripture far deceaved me, laid the uther •' for Sanc^ Paiill teaches me, that qiibatfoe-ver is '■Mitten within the holy Scriptures the fjin Things ar written for our Inftruflion. And my Mailter fays that every learned and wyfe Scrybe brings furth of his Trefure both Things old and Things new. And the Prophet Jeremy affirmes, that every Realnie, and eve- ry City that lykwyfc offendeth, as then did jerufakm, fould lykwyfs be pu- nilched. Quhy then that the Facts of the ancient Prophets, and the fearful! Jugments of God executed before us upon the Difbbedient appertean not un- to this our Age, I nether fie, nnr yit can undcrftand. Eor now, to put End to this Heid, my Lord, faid he, the Prophets of God have not fpared to rebuke wicked Kings, als well in thair Face as before the Pepel and Subjecls. He. lifias feared not to lay to King Jekoraniy ^that have I to do with thee ? Get thee to the Prophets of thy Father, and to the Prophets of thy Mother ■ for as the Lord God of Ho/Is lives, in quhofe Sicht I ftand, if it were not that I re- gard the Prefens of Jehofophat King of Judah, I wald not hike towards thee, nor fee thee. Plane it is, that the Prophet was a Subjcft in the Kingdom of Ifrael, and yit how lytell Reverence he gives to the King we hear. Jeremy the Prophet was comanded to cry to the King and to the Queue, and to lay, Behave yourfeJfis lowly, execute Jufiice and Jngment, or els your Car cafes fall be ealhn to ibe Heat of the Day, and unto the Froli of the Nicht. Unto Cononias Salt'.tm and Zedekias he fpeaks in fpccial, and fchawis unto thame in his pu- bli(S Sermons thair miferable Ends • and tharefbre ye aucht not to think it itrange, my Lords, faid he, albeit that the Servands of God tax the Vices of Kings and Qncnes, even alfwell as of uther Otienders, and that bccaus thair Synns ar mor noyfuni to the Comon-wchh tlian ar the Synns of infe- rior Pcr(bns. The moll Part of this Reffoning Secretary Lethingtoun leaned on the Mai- fler of Max-yjcirs P.reafl, quho faid I am almoft wery, I wald that fum uther wald relloun in the chief Head which is not twitched. Then the Erie of Morten Chancel lour ccmanded Mafter George Hay to refTon n^TiniX Johne Knox, in the Head of the Obedience dew unto Magil^rafcs, quho U u u u began 354- ^^^^ Hiflorie of the Reformat loun Lib. IV. besan fo to do. Unto quhom John Knox faid, Brother that ye (all re(li)n in my contrary I am weall content, becaus I know you both a Man of Lern- in"- and Modefty ; bot that ye (all oppon yourfelf in the Treuth quhareof I fupofs your awin Confcience is no les perfwaded than is myne, I can not weall approve ; for I wald be forry that I and ye fould be reputed to reffi n as twa ScoUers of Pytha^oras^ to fchaw the Quicknes of our Ingyne, as it wer to reflbn on both Parts. I do proteft here before God, that quhatfbever I fuftene, I do the fame of Confcience 5 yea, I dar no mor fufkne a Propo- fitioun knawn to myfelf untrew, than that I dar teach fals Do6lrine in the publicl Place : And tharefore. Brother, if Confcience move you to oppon your felf to that Do6lrin which ye have hard of my Mouth in that Matter, do it boldly it fall never offend me, Bot that ye fall be found to oppon yourfelf unto me, ye being perfwaded in the fam Treuth, I fay yit agane it pleifls me not ; for tharein may be gritter Inconveniency than eyther ye or I do confidder for the prefent. The faid Maifter George anfwered. That I wald oppone myfelf unto you, as willing to impugne or confute that Head of Dodbine, whiche not on- ly ye bot mony uthers, yea, and I myfelf have affirmed, far be it from me • for fb fbuld I be found contrarious to myfelf: For my Lord Secretary knaws my Judgement in that Head. Marye, faid the Secretary, ye ar the weall worfl of the twa ; for I remember yit our reflbuning quhen the Quene was in Carrick. Weall, faid Johne Knox, feing. Brother, that God has made you ane to occupy the Chairj.of Verity, quharein I am afTured we agre in all principall Heads of Doftrine, Jat it never be faid that we difagree in Difputatioun. Johne Knox was moved thus to fpeak, becaus he underflude more of the Craft than the uther did. Weill, faid Lethingtoun, I am fumquhat better provyded in this lafl Head, then I was in the other two. Mr. KnoXy faid he, yifterday we hard your Jugement upoun the 1 3th to the Romanes ; we hard the Mynd of the Apoftle well opyned ; we hard the Caufes quhy God hes efiablifchit Powers upoun the Erthe ; we hard the NecefTitie that Mankynd hes of the fame ; and we hard the Dewty of Magirtrates fufficiently declared ; but in two Things I was offended, and I think fum mo of my Lords that then wer pre- fent : The one was, ye made Difference betwix the Ordinance of God, and the Perfones that wer placed in Authority : And ye affirmit, That Men micht refift the Perfones, and yit not offend God's Ordinance. This is the ane, the uther ye had na Tyme to explane j but this me thocht ye meant, Thar Subjects wer not bound to obey thair Princes, if they comandit unfeyfuli Things, bot that thay micht refift thair Princes, and wer not ever bound "^o fuffer. In very Deid, faid the uther, ye have baith richtly markit my Words, and underfiude my Mynd; for of the fame Jugement have I long bene, and fo yit I rcmane. How will ye prove your Divifioun and Diffe- rence, faid Lethingtoiin^ and that the Perfbne placed in Authority, may be re- fifted, and God's Ordinance not tranfgreffed, feing that the Apoflle fayis, He that refifts the Po-wers, refifts the Ordinance of God ? My Lord, faid he, the plane Words of the Apoflle makes the Difference, and the Fafts of mony approved be God, prove my affirmative. Firfl the x'^poftle affirnies, That the Powers ar ordeyned of God, for the Prefervatioun of quyet and peacibill Men, and for the Ptmifchment of Malefaftors ; quhareof it is plane. That the Ordinance of God and tht Power gevin unto Man, is one Tiling, and * the Lib. IV. of Rc'ngionn in ^HOtVind. 355 the Pcrlbne cltd with the Tower f,r with the Authority, is atic uthcr ; for God's Ordinance is the rrelervatioiin of Mankynd, the runilchmcnt of Vice, and the nienicyning ofVertew, quhilk is m itlLIf holy, juit, conftant, lia- bill and perpetual! ; hot Men cled with the Authoritic, ar comonely pro- phane and injuft, yea they ar mutabill and tranfirory, and fubjeft to Corrup- tioun, as God tlireatned tlianie be his Prophet Du-ji^, ^^iy'ng> ^ ^' of the Reformat ioun Lib. IV, it is lawful!, for a Chriftian to be a Magiftrate, Quhilk Opinioun I no les abhore then ye, or ony uther that levis do. The uther Ipeik of Chriftians Subieft unto Tyrants and Infidelis, Co difperfed that they have no uther Force, bot onely to fob to God for Delyverance. That fuche indeid fould hafarde ony further then thefe godly Men willis thame, I could not haiftily be of Counfaill. Bot my Argument hes ane uther Ground j for I Ipeik of ane . Peple alTembled togidder in one Body of a Comon-welthe, unto quhom God hes gevin fufficicnt Force, not only to refift, bot alfo to fupprelFe all Kinde of open Idolatry : And (iiche a Peple, yit again I affirme, ar bound to keip thair Land clein and unpolluted. And that this my Divifioun fall not appeir ftrange unto yow, ye fall underftand, that God requyred one Thing ofjlra^ lame and of his Seid, quhen he and they wer Filgrames and Strangers in Egypt and Canaan^ and ane uther Thing requyrit he of thame, quhen thay wer delyvered from the Bondage of Egypt ^ and the PofTefTioun of the Land oC Cam naan granted unto thame. At the firll, and during all Tyme of thair Bondage, God cravit no more, bot that Abrahame fbuld not defyle himfelf with Idola- try neyther was he, nor yit his Pofterity comanded to deflroy the Idoles that wer in Canaan or in Egypt, Bot quhen God gave unto thame the Poflef^ fioun of the Land, he gave unto thame this ftrayt Comandement, Beimart Ihatthow mak Confederacy or League mth the Inhabitants of this Landj geve not ihy Sones unto thair Dochters^ nor yit geve thy Dockers to thair Sones. But thus fall ye do unto thame, cut d7gtom, unles we have lyke Comandnient and Affurance. I grant, (aid the uther, if the Example repugne to the Law, as if ane avericious and deceit- full Man wald borrow Gold, Silver, Rayment, or ony uther Neceflaries, from their Nichboiirs, and withhald the (am, alledging, that fo they micht do and not offend God, becaus the Ifraelites at thair departing from Egypt did (b to the Egyptians. The Example ferved to no Purpofe unles that they culd produce the lyk Caus and the lyke Comandment that the Ifraelites had, and that becaus thair Facl repugnit to this Comandment of God, TJiou fall not fieill. Bot quhare the Exampil agrees with the Law, and is as it wer the Executioun of Gods Jugments exprefled in the (am, I (ay that the Exemple approved of God ftands to us in Place of a Comandment : For as God in his Nature is conftant and imutabill, (b cann he not damne in the Ages fub(e- quent that which he has approvit in his Servands before us. Bot in his Ser- vands before us he be his awn Comandment has approvit, that Subjeftis have not only de(lroyit thair Rings for Idolatry, bot al(b has ruitit out thair hole Po- (lerity, (b that none of thair Race was left efter to impyre above the Pepel of God. Quhat(bever they did, (aid Lethingtotin^ was done at Gods Comand- mcnt. That fortifies my Argument, faid the uther ; for God be his Comand- ment has approvit, that Subjefts punifch thair Kings for Idolatry and Wick- ednes be thame comitted. We have not the lyk Comandment, (aid Lething- torn. That I deny, (aid the uther ; for the Comandment, that the Idolatar fall die the Death, is perpetual!, as ye your(eIfhave grantit ; ye doubit on- ly quho fbuld be the Executours againft the King, and I faid the Pepel of God, and have (ufficiently proven, as I think, that God has raifed up the Pepel, and be his Prophet has anoynted a King to tak Vengeance upone the King and his Po(terity, quhilk FaftGod fen that Tyme hes never retraced; and thare- for to me it remanes for a con(!ant and clear Comandment to all Pepel pro. fefTingGod, and having the Power to puni(ch Vyce, quhat they aucht to do in the lyk Ca(e. If the Pepel had interpryfit any Thing ag?nft Gods Comandment, ■we micht have doutit quidder they had done weall or evill j bot feing thae God did bring the Executioun of his Law agane in Praftice, efter it was cum in Oblivioun and Contempt, quhat refTonabill Man can dout now of God's Will, links that he will dout of all Things which God renewis not unto us be Miracles, as it wer from Age to Age. Bot I am affured, that the Anfwer of Abraham unto the rich Man, quho being in Hell defyred that Lazarus, or fbmc of the Dead, (buld be (ent unto his Brethren and Freindis, to forwarne thame of hii. incredibill Pane and Torment, and that they fould behave thame* lelfis (b that they (buld not cum in that Place of Torment; the An(wer, I (ay, s;evin unto him, fall confound all fuch as crave farther Approbatioun of Gods Will than is alredy exprefTed within his holy Scripture : For Abraham faid, 7bey kave Mofes ai;A the Prophets, quhome if they mil not beleeve, nether •voill they beleeve albeit that ony of the Deid fuld ryfe agane. Even Co (ay I, my Lord, that fuch as will not be taucht what they aucht to do, be the Com- mandement of God anes gevin, and anes put in Pra6tife, will not beleeve nor obey, albeit that God (buld (end Angels from Heaven to inftruft that DoiSrin. Ye have produced bot one Example, faid Lethin^tom. One (uffi- ceth, Lib. IV. of Rcligioim in Scotland. 3^f ceth, (aid the uther ; bo: ycr^ God be pralcd, w c lak not uthers J fur the hole Pcpcl cunlpyred aganft Amafiab King of Jt'^^t^ efter that he had turned away from the Lord, followed him to Lachefs^ and flew him, and tuk Opah and anoyntcd him King in rtead of his Father. The Pepe! had not altogid- der forgottin the League and Covenant which was maid betwix thair Kings and thame, at the Inauguratioun of Joas\-\i^ Father, to wit, that tie King ah\i the Pe^d Jouli h the Fepel of the Lord, and then fould they be his faytlifull Subjcfis; from the which Covenant, quhen that firft the Father, and efter the Son dedyncd, they vver both punifchcd to the Death, Joas be his avvh Ser- vanti and Amafiab be the hole Pepel. I dout, faid Lethhrgtoun, quhether they did weall or not. It fall be free for you, (aid the uther, to dout as you pleis ; bot quhare I fynd Exccutioun according to Gods Law, and God him- self not to accufc the Doars, I dar hot dout of the Equity of thair Caus; And farther it appears to me, that God gave fufficient Approbatioun and Al- lowance of thair Fa^^ ; for he blefTit thame with Victory, Peace and Profpe- rity the Space cf fifty two Years efter. Bet Frofperity, (aid Lethingtom, does not always prove, that God approves the Fa(5ts of Men. Yis, (aid the other quhen the Fafts of Men agre with the Law of God, and ar rewarded accord- ing to Gods awn Promile expreffit in his Law ; I (ay, that the Profperity fuc- ceding the Faft is a moft infallible Aflurance, that God has approved that Faft. Now' (o it is, that God hes promifit in his Law, that quhen his Pepel (all exterminat and deflroy fuch as declyn from him, that he will bles thame and multiply thame, as he hes promifit unto thair Fathers. Bot (b it is that Anhifus turnit fra God ; for Co the Text does witnes ; and plane it is the Pepel flew thair King ; and lyk plane it is, that God blefTir thame: Tharefore J'it agane conclude I, that God approvit thair Fat^ in (b far as it was done according to Gods Comandment, was blefTit according to hisPromis. Weaif faid Letkingtoun, I think not the Ground Co fure, as I durft build my Con(cience thareupoun. I pray God, (aid the uther, that your Cbnfcience have no war Ground than this is, quhen(berer ye fall begin that lyk Wark which God irl your awn Eyes hes alredy bleflit. And now, ray Lord, (aid he, I have boc ane Example to produce, and then I will put ane End to my refTonin"' becaus I wery langer to ftand. {Comandment was geviri that he fould fit dov'n ; hot he refufit, and faid, Melancholioiis Rejfouns zvald have finn Mirtfj intermixed.) My hl\ Exemple, (aid he, my Lords is this. Ujias the Ki»ig, not content of his Royall Eftate, malepartly tuk upon him to enter within the Temple of the Lord, to burn Incenfe upon the Altar of Incen(e, and Aiariat the Prieft -juent in efter him, and with him f our f core Prieft s of the Lord, valiant Men, and they •withftude Uzias the King, and faid untd him. It apperteneth not unto Uzias to hum Inrence unto the Lord, hot to the Priefis, the SoMs of Aaron, that ar confe- crated to offer Licence ; go furth of the SaiuJuary, for thou his tranfgrefit^ and you fall have no Honour from the Lord God. Heirof, my Lords, I conclude that Subjefls not only may, bot al(b aucht to with(^and and refid their Princes, quhenfoever they do ony Thing that exprefly repugnes to God his Law, or holy Ordinance. They that withftude the King, (aid Lethingtoun, were not fimpell Subje%, bot were the Priefis of the Lord, and Figures of Chryft, and fick Priefts have we none this Day, to withftand Kings gif they do wrang. That the hie Prieft was the Figure of Chryft, faid the uther, I grant ; bot that he wai toot a Subjeft that I deny ^ for I am afTured, that he in his Priefihood had Y y y y n^ q62 The Hiflorie of the Re/ormatioun Lib. IV. no Prerogative above thofe that pafTit before him. Now Co it is,that yfarow was {ubieft unto MofeSy and callit him his Lor J. Samiuil being both Prophet and Trieft, fubjefts himfelf to ^^jw//, efter he was inaugurat of the Pepil. Zadock bowed before Jbavid^ and Abiathar was depofed from the Priefthood by Solomon^ quhilk all confefTing thamefelfis Subjects to the Kings, albeit that tharewith they ceifit not to be the Figures of Chrift. And quhareas ye (ay, that we have no fuch Fri«fts this Day, I micht anfwer, that nether have we fuch Rings this Day as then wer anoyntcd at Gods Comandment,. and fat upoun the Seat of David, and wer no les the Figures of Chrift Jeiiis in thair juft Admini- ftratioun, than wer the Friefts in thair appoynted Office. And fuch Kings I am affured we have not now more than we have fuch Priefts : For Jefus Chrift being anoynted in our Nature, of God his Father, both King, Prieft and Prophet, hes put End to all fuch external] Unction: And yit I think ye will not fay, that God has now deminifcht his Graces fi-om thofe quhom he appoynts Ambafladours betwixt him and his Pepel, than that he does from llings and Princes: And tharefore, quhy that the Servants of Jefus Chrift may not als juftly withftand Rings and Princes, that this Day no lels offend Gods Majefty than Uzias did, I fee not, unles that ye will fay, that we, in the Brichtnes of the Evangel], ar not fb ftraytly bound to regard God's Glory, nor yit his Comandment, as wer the Fathers quho lived under the darlc Scha- dows of the Law. Weall, faid Lethhigtoiin^ I will dipp no farther in that Head. Bot how refiftit thePriefts the Ring? They only fpak unto him with- out ony farther Violence intendit. That they withftude him, faid the uther, the Text affures me ; bot that they did no Thing bot fpak, I cannot under- ftand ; for the plane Text affirms the contrary, to ivit, that they caufit him baftily to depart from the Sanctuary, yea, that he was compellit to depart ; quhilk IVIaner of fpeiking I am afllired, in the Hebrew Toung imports uther Thing than exhorting, or comanding be Word. They did that, faid Lethingm jouMy efter that he was efpyed leprous. They withftude him before, faid the uther; bot yit thair laft Fa6t confirms my Propofition fo evidently, that fiicli as wald oppone thamefelfis unto it, muft nedes oppone tliame unto God ; for my Aftertioun is, That Rings have no Priviledge mor than hes the Pepe] to offend Gods Majefty ; and if that fb they do, that they ar no mor exempted fjotn the Punifchment of the Law, than is ony other Subje(31;; yea, and that Subjects may not only lawfully opone thamefelfis to thair Rings, quhenfoever they do ony Thing that exprefly repugnes Gods Comandment, bot alio that they may execute Jugment upoun thame according to Gods Law ; fo that if the King be a IMurtherer, Adulterar, or Idolatar, he fbuld flifFer according to God's Law, not as a King bot as ane Offendar, and that the Pepel may put God's Law in Executioun, this Hiftory cleirly proveth : For how fbne that the Le- profie was efpyed in his Foirhead, he was not only compellit to depart ouc of the Sanftuary, bot alfb he was removit from all publift Society, and Ad- miniftratioun of the Kingdome, and was compellit to dwell in a Houfe apart, even as the Law comandit, and gat no gritter Prerogative in that Cafe than ony uther of the Pepel fbuld have done ; and this was executed by the Pepel ; for it is na dout bet mo wer Witnes of his Leprofie than the Priefts alone. Bot we find none oppone thamefelfis to the Sentence of God pronunced in his Law aganft the Leprous : And tharefore, yit agane fay I, that the Pepel aucht to execut God's Lav; even aganft thair Princes, quhen that thair Opyn Cryms be Gods Law defervit Death, bot efpecially quhen they ar fick as may infefl Lib. IV. of Kcligiotm in Scotland. 3 63 infca the reft of the Multitude. And now, (aid he, my Lords, I will reflbn no langcr ; for I have fpokcn mor than I intcndu. And yit, faid Lethingtoim^ I cannot tell quhat can be concludit. Albeit ye cannot, faid the uther, yir I am afliired quhat I have proven, to -xit^ 1. 'Jlat Suhjecls have ddyvered am Innocent fra the Hands of tbair King and thireiintill ojjendit not God. ' 2. That Sub]e,ls have refufit to ft ink Innocents quhcn a King comnnindit, and in fo doing denyit no jujt Obedience. 3. That jvche as ft ruck at the Cowandment of the King were reputed Mart herars. 4. That God has not only^ of a Subject maid a King, hot alfo has armit Suh- jecls aganft thair naturall Kwgs^ and contandit thame to take Vengeance upoun tbame according to his Law. 5. Jnd, laft, That God's Pepel hes executed God's Law aganft thair King hav- ing no farther Regard to him in that Behalf than if that he bad bene the moft fvnple Subject within the Realme. And thairfore, albeit ye will not underftand quhat (buld be concluded, yit I am not afTured, That not only may God's Peple, bot alfo, that they ar bound to do the fame, quhare the lyke Crimes ar comitted, and quhen he gevis unto thame the lyke Power, Weill, (aid Lethingiowt, I think ye fall not have many learnit Men of your Opinioun. My Lord, faid the uther the Treuth ceifis not to be the Treuth, how(bcver it be, that JMen either mil'knaw it, or yit gainftand it. And yit, (aid he, I lake not the Confent of God's Servands on that Heid. And with that he prcfentit the Secretary the Apology of Madgehurgh ; and willit him to reid the Names of the Mini- fters, quho had fubfcryvit the Defence of the Town to be a moft juft De- fence ; and thairwith add it. That to refift a Tyrant, is not to refift God nor yit his Ordinance. Quhilk quhen he had red, he fcrippit and (aid. Homines dfcuri. The uther anfwerit, Dei tameii fervi. And (b Lethingtotm aro(e and feid, My Lords, ye have hard the RefTons upoun borhe Parties j it becumis you now to dccyde, and to put ane Ordour to Preichars, that they be uniforme in Doftrine. May we, think ye, tak the Quenes Mes frome hir } Quhill that fum began to geve their Votes, ffor fum wer appoynted, as it wer Lea- dars to the reft) Johne Knox faid, my Lords, I fuppofe that ye will not do contrary to your Lord(chips Promeis maid to the hole AlTembley, quhilk was That nothing fould be voted in Secrete, till that firft all Maters fuld be de- bated in publick, and that then the Votes of the hole AfTembley fould put End to the Controverfie. Now have I fuftenit the Argument onely, and have rather fchawin my Confcience in moft fimple Maner, then that I have infiftit upcun the Force and Vehemence of onye one Argument : And thair^ fore I for my Parte utterlye dilfent from all voting, till that the hole Aflem- bly have hard the Propofitiouns, and the Reafons of bothe Parties ; for I un- faynedly acknawlege, that manye in that Cumpanye ar more abill to fuftene the Argument than I am. Think ye it reafonabill, faid Lethingtoun, That fick a Multitude as is now conveined, fould Reffone and Vote in thefe Heids and Maters that concern the Quenes Majefties awn Perfone and Effaircs. I think, faid the other, that quhatfbever fould bind the Multitude, the Multi- tude fould heir, cnles that they have refignit thair Power unto thair Com- ir.ifTioners, quhilk rh^y have not done, fa far as I underftand; for niy Lord Juftice Clerk hard thame with ane Vote fay. That in nowayis culd thay con. lent that any Thing fould either heir be voted or concludit. I cannot telJ y y y y a iaid 3^4 '^^■'^ Hi/iorte of the Reformatioim Lib. IV. (aid Lethingtoun^ if my Lords that be heir prefent, and that moft bear the Burdenes of luche Maters, fould ht bound to thair Will. Quhat fay ye, (aid he my Lords, will ye -vote in this Mater, or will ye not vote ? Efter lang Reafbning, dim that wer maid for the Purpofe, (aid, Quhy may not the Lords vote, and then (chaw unto the Kirk quhatfoever is done. That apperis unto me, faid Johne Knox^ not onely ane backward Ordour, bot alio a Tyranny u- lurped upoun the Kirk : Bot for rne, do as ye lift, (aid he, for as I reafbri' (olvote; yit protefting as before, that I difTent frome all voting, till that the hole AlTembly underftand alfweill the Queftiouns as the Reafouns. Well^ faid Lethingtom, that cannot be done now, for the Tyme is (pent j and thairfore, my Lord Chancellour, (aid he, afk ye the Votes, and tak eve^-y ane of the Mini(^ers and ane of us. And (b was the Re clor of Sanci: Androis comanded firft to (peik his Con(cience: Quho faid, I refer it to the Super- intendent of Fyfey for I thinke vve ar bothe of one Jugement ; and yit, faid he, if ye will that I (peik firft, my Confcience is, that if the Quene oppone hi.r(elf to our Religioun, quhilk is the only trew Religioun, that in that ca(e the Nobility and States of this Realme, that have profeffit the trew Doctrine, may juftly oppone thamefelves unto hir : Bot as concerning hir awn Mef<;, I knaw it is Idolatry, bot I am not yit refolved, quhither that by Violence we may tak it from hir or not. The Superintendent of Fyfe (aid. That fame is my Confcience : And fo affirmit (um of the Nobility. Bot others voted frankly, That as the Mefs was Abhominatioun, (b was it ju(t aiid rycht that it fuld be reprefTed , and that in Co doing, Men did no more wrong to the Quenes Majeftie, then thay that (buld be Force tak from hir ane poyfbnit Cupe, quhen (che wer going to drink it. At laft Mr. Johie Craige^ fellow Minifter with Joh/ie Knox in the Churche of Edmhurgh^ 'U'as requyred to geve his Jugement and Vote ; quho (aid, 1 will gladely fcliaw unto your Honours quhat I underftand j bot I gritly dowte, quhither my Rnawlege and Conlci- ence (all fatisfie you, feing that ye hard (b many Rea(bns, and ar (b lytl6 moved with thame: Bot yit I (all not conceill fra you my Jugement, ad- hering firft to the Proteftatioun of my Brother, to ixit^ That our Voting pre- iuge not the Liberty of the Generall AfTembly. I vvas, (aid he, in the Uni- vexfny of Bowma, in the Yeir of God 1562, quhare, in the Place of thfe Black-Freiris of the (ame Town, I faw in the Tyme of thair Generall Al^ fembley this Conclufioun (et forth j this fame I hard reafonit^ determined and concludit. CONCLUSIO. PR'mnpes omms iarfi fiipremi, quam mferiores, pojjimt S dehent reformar'j^ vel depon't per eos, per quos eligmtur^ confirmantur vel admittuntur ad cfficium ; quoties a fide prteftita fubditis^ per jurAmentmny deficiunt. ^uoniam relatio jit-- ramenti fubditorum & prmipitm mutua eft, & utrinque aequo jure fervanda S re- formanda, juxta legem ^ condittonem juramenti, ah utraque parte fa^'t. That is. All RewlarSy be thay Supreme or be they Inferiour^ may and aucht to he reform' ed or depofed be thofe, be quhome thay ar chofeii, confirmed or admitted to thair ^Office, ah oft as thay break thair Prmneis maid be Othe to thair Subjects y he- caus that the Prince is no lefs bound to the Subjects, than ar the Subje^s to thair Princes, and thairfore aucht it to be keiped and reformed equally^ according to the Law and Conditioun of the Othe that is maid of either Partie. ~ This Lib. IV. of licligioim in Si:ot\and. 3^5 Tliis Conclufinun, my Lor(I<:, I hard flinenit and CDncludir, as I have faid, in a mort notabill Auditour, The Sudcnar was a Icarnit Man, Maimer 7/. TRufiy Freind, We greet you ixeill. We ar grci-ved indeid, he the evtll BraHf fpread ar.iongfi our Lieges, as that we fould have mole/ted ony Man in the ufing tf hs Religioun andConfcience freely, aThing i- on. Afluring you that you have heretofoir gude Experience of our Cle- mency, and under our Wings enjoyed in Peace the Poftcdion of your Gudes, and lived at Liberty ot your Confcience, (b may you be in full AlTurance of the like hereafter, and have us alwayes your gude and loving Princes to Co many as fall continue your felves in due Obedience, and do the Office of fayth- full and naturall Subjects. Given under tur Signet at Saint Andro'u^ the Tenth of De- cember^ and of our Reignes the firft and twenty thrie Yeirs 1/6/. Now the Lords deflred, next the eflablifching of Religioun, that the Quenis Majefty, in all the Affairs of the Realme and Common-wealth, fould ufe the Counfaill and Advice of the Nobility, and ancient Bluid ot the fame; quhare- as in the mean Tyme, the Counfaill of Z)i707^ and //aw^ro the Italians, with E e e e e fcvkir 58^ The Hi/iorte of the Reformatioun Lib. V. -fSi < a Fowhr 5/f/7/>7? to be paid immediatly, and to have the Superiority of Leiih in Pledge to %ffit, upoun Conditioun of Redemptioun. And befides the faid Sume of icoo Mark Sterling, they payd icco L. Sterling. For the pelting at Dumfreis at the Day appointed, for electing the Officers, the Quene fent in a Ticket, fuch as fche would have thame chufe for Proveft, Bayllifl^s and Counfaill, quhare- of thare was a Number of Papifts, the reft not worthy. Of the Number given in by the Quene, they named fuch as fould rule for that Yeir ; not- withftanding without free Eleftioun, the Laird of Craigmiller remained Pro- Teft, quho fchewed himfelf moft willing to fet fordward Religioun, to punifdi Vice, and to mantein the Comoun-wealth. All this Tyme the Minifters cryedout againft the Mefs, andfick Idolatry, for it was more advanced by the Quene then befoir. The firft Day of OHoher met in Edmhitrgh the Superintendant of Lcrjctbian^ ■with all the Minifters under his Charg, according to thair ordinary Cuftome j for every Superintendant uled to convene the hole Miniftry And thare it •was complained on, that they could get no Payment of thair Stipends, not only about the City, bot thorow the hole Rcalme. Tharefoir efter rtfTouning and Confukatioun takin, they framed a Supplicatioun dirt6^ed to the King and Quene, and immediatly prefented the fame to thair Majefties, by Mr. Jolne SpotiJ- wood' Superintendant oC Ltmthidn, and Mx. Da-jid Lindejay Minifter ofLeitl:. It contained in Effe^, That fbrafmuch as it had pleifed the King and Quenis Majefties ( with Advice of the Privy CounfaiU^ to grant unto the Minifters E e e e e a ijf o38 The Hiflorie cf the Kejcrmatioun Lib. Vi ofche Word thnir Stipends to be takin of the Thirds of the Benefices, which Srioends ar now detained from the faid Minifters, by Reflbun of the Troubles and changing of the Comptrouller, quhareby they ar not able to lyve : And tharefoir moft humilly craved the King and Quenis Majefties to cans thame to be payed. Thair Anfwer was, That they wald caus Ordour to be takin thare- in to thair Contentment. Soon efter the Lord Gordoim came to Edinburgh^ and left the moft Part of his Feple at StvTmg with his Carriage. The Ring and Quene, for Hope of his good Service to be done, reftored him to his Father's Place, the Erledom of Huntley^ the Lands and Heritage thareof. O^ober the 8th the King and Qiiene marched furth of Edinhurgh towards Dumfreis ; and as they pafled from the Palace of Hallyrudehous^ all Men wer warned with jack and Spear. The firft Nycht they came to Stirling^ and the nixt to Crawford j the Day efter the Lairds of Drunlaiirick and Lochinvar met the Quene, albeit they had been with the Lords familiar enoiich. The Lords perceaving, that all Hope of Reconciliation was paft, they rode to Ediiam^ quhare they remained till the Quene came to Dumfreis, and then they paft to Carlyle. Now the Maifter of Maxwell, quho had entertained the Lords familiarly, and fubfcryved with them, and had fpoken as hichly againft thair Enemies as ony of thamefelves, and had receaved large Money by that Means, to wit, looo L- to raife a Band or Troup of Horfemen ; and that the lame Day the King and Quene came to Lmnfreis. The third Day efter thair cuming he came to thame convoyed by the Erie ofBothwell, with divers uther Noblemen. At length the Erles of Jt bole and Hunt ley wer Sureties for him, and all Things paft remitted, upoun Conditioun that he fbuld be a faythfuU and obedient Sub, left hereafter. The fame Day they maid Mufters, the nixt Day the Army was difperfed, being about 1 8000 Men ; the King and Quene paft to Locbmaben^ quhere the Maifter of Maxwell gave a Banquet, and then forthwith marched to Iwedale, fo to Piblis, and then to Edinburgh. The beft and cheif Part of the Nobility of this Reame, quho alfb wer the principall Inftruments of the Reformacioun of Religioun, and tharefoir wer called the Lords of the Congregatioun, in Manner above rehearfed, wer ba- nifched and chafed into England; they wer courteoufiy receaved and intertain- ed by the Erie of Bedford Lieutenant, upoun the Borders of England. Soon efter the Erie of Murray took Port towards London, leiving the reft of the Lords at Newcaftle. Every Man fuppofed, that the Erie of Murray fbuld have bein gracioufly receaved of the Quene of England, and that he fbuld have got- ten Support according to his Heart's Defire; bot far beyond his Expeftatioun, he could get no Audience of the Quene of England. Bot by Means of the Frenche Ambaftadour, called Monfiour de Four, his trew Freind, he obtained Audience. The Quene, with a fair Countenance, demanded, How he, being a Rebell to h'lr Sifter of Scotland, durfl tak the Boldnes upoun him to come within hir Realme ? Thefe and the likeWords got he, inftead of the gude and courteous Entertainment expefted. Finally, Efter private Difcourfe, the AmbafTadour being abfenf, fche refufed to give the Lords any Support, denying plainly, that ever fche had promifed ony fick Thing, as to fupport thame, faying, Mje never meanit ony fick Thing in that Way; albeit hir griteft Familiars knew the contrary. In the End, the Erie of Murray faid to hir, Madame, whatfo- cvir Thing your Majefty meant in your Hairt, we ar thareof ignorant ; bot thus r,n:ch m knaw affuredlyj that we had lately faythfuU Promifes of Jyd and Support, hy Lib. V. of Rcligioioi VI Scothnd, 385^ hy your Amhalticiour^ an J Fam'tliar Servafsts, tn your Name: A)id furtlc)., 'ue lave your awn Hand^vrytitig^ lot^/irmin^^ the [aid Fromtfey. And etrerward he tuk his Leave, and came northward Irom London^ towards Nirjucalile. Etter the Erie of Murray his Departure from the Court, the Quene (ent thame fbme Ayd, and wryt unto the Quene of Scotland in thair Favours: Whether Iche had promifed it in private to the Erie of Murray^ or whether fche repented hir of the harfh Receptioun of the Erie of Murray. At this T3 me David Rmo Italian began to be hicher exalted, infbmuch as thare was no Matter or Thing of Importance done without his Advice. And during thisTyme, the Faythfull within this Realme wer in grit Feir, looking for nothing hot grit Trouble and Perfecutioun to be (chortly. Yit Supplicati- ouns and IntercelTiouns wer maid thorowout all the Congregatiouns, especial- ly for fuch as wer aflflifted and banifchcd, that it vvald pleis God to give chame Patience, Comfort and Conlhncy; and this efpecially was done at £■- dtnburgh, quher Jobne Knox ufed to call thame that wer banifched, T'he befi Part of the Nobdily, chief Members of the Congregatioun : Quhareof the Cour- tiers being advertifed, they tuk Occafioun to revyle and bewray his Sayings, al- Jeadging, he prayed for the Rebells, and defired the Peple to pray for thame lykeways. The Laird of Lethingtoun chcif Secretary, in prefence of the King iind Quenis Majef^ies and Counfaill, confeflcd that he hard the Sermons, and laid, ihare -was nothing at that Tyme fpoken by the Minijier^ quhareat ony Man med to be offended. And further, declared plainly, That by the Scripture it -was Jaw full to pray for all Men. In the End of November, the Lords, with thair Complices, wer fummoned to appeir the fourth Day of February, for Treafbun, and Leafe-majefly : Bot iri the mean Tyme, fick of the Nobility as had profelTed the Evangell of Chrifl, and had communicate with the Brethren at the Lord's Table, wer ever longer the more fufpefted by the Quene, quho began to declare hirfelf in the Months of November and December, to be Maintainer of the Papifts ; for at hir Piei^re, the Eries of Lenox, Athole and Caffiels, with divers uthers^ without ony Diffimu- latioun knawn,went to theMefs openly in hir Chapell ; yit neverthelcs, the Erles of Huntley and Bothwell went not to the Mefs, albeit they wer in grit Favour with the Quene, As for the King, he part his Tyme in Hunting and Hawk- ing, and fuch uther Pleifures as wer agreeable to his Appetite, having in his Cumpany Gentilmen willing to fatisfie his Will and Affeftiouns. About this Tyme, in the Beginning of as the Court reitiained at E- dinburgh, the banilched Lords, by all Means pofTible, by Wrytings and thair Freinds, maid Suit and Means to the Ring and Quenis Majeflies, to be re- ceaved into Favour. At this Tyme the Abbot of Kyhxinning came from NewcaHk to Edinburgh^ and efter he had gotten Audience of the Ring and Quene, with grit Difficul- ty he got Pardon for the Duke, and his Freinds and Servands, upoun this Con* dirioun, that he fould pafTe into France, which he did fbon efter. The 2 fih. of December, convened in Edtnburgh the^CommifTiouners of the Churches within this Realme, for the Generall AflTembly. Thare afTifted to thame the Erles of Mortotot and Marre, the Lord Lindefay and Secretarjf Lethingtoun, with fbme Barones and Gentilmen. The principall Things that wer agreed and concluded wer, That forafmuch as the Mefs, with fick Idola- tr}', and papifticall Ceremonies, wer f^ill manteined, exprefly againft the Afl of Parliament and the Procbimatiouns maid at the Quenis Arrirall 3 And that F f f f f the 3^0 The Htliorte of the Reformatioun Lib- V. the Quene had promeifed, that fche wald hear Conference and Difputatioun ; that the Church tharefoir offered to prove by the Word of God, that the Doc- trine preiched within this Realme was according to the Scriptures ; and that the Mtfs, with all the papifticall Doftrine, was hot the Inventioun of Men, and meer Idolatry. Secundly, That by RelToun of the Change of the Comptrouller, quho had put in new Colleftors, forbidding thame to deliver any Thing to the Miniftry., and by thois Means the Miniftry was lyke to decay and faill, contrary to the; Ordinance maid in the Yeir of God ij62. in Favour and Support cit the Miniftry. During this Tyme, as the Papifts flocked to Edinburgh fbir making Court, Ibme of thame that had been Friers, as black Abercrotmny and Roger, prefented Supplicatioun to the Quenis Majefty, defiring in Effeft, That they mycht be permitted to preich, whiche was eafily granted. The Noyf'b was further, that they offered Dilputatioun. For as the Court flood, thejr Ihocht they had a grit Advantage already, by Reffbun they knew the King xo be of thair Religioun, as weill as the Quene, with fbme Fart of the Nobili.- ty, quho, with the King, efter declared thamefelves openly ; and efpecially th e Quene was governed by the Eries of Lenox and Atbok ; bot in Matters maiii weichty^ and of griteft Importance, by David Rhio the Italian afoir mentioned!, quho went under the Name of the Frenche Secretary ; by whole Means, a'fl grave Matters, of quhat Weicht fbever, muft pas j providing always, that hiis Hands wer anoynted. In the mean Tyme he was a manifeft Enemy to the Evangell; and tharefoir a griter Enemy to the banifched Lords. And at this Tyme, the principall Lords that waited at Court wer divided in Opiniouns^ for the Erie of Mor/oawChancellour, with the Erie of Marre, and Secretary L^- thingtouuy wer on the one Fart j and the Erles of Himtley and Eotlnull on thie utherPart: So that a certane Drynes was amongft thame; nevertheles, bjjr Means of the Erie of Athole, thay wer reconciled. Now as thare was Prep? i- ratiounmaid by the Papifts for Chriftmefs, the Quene being then at Mefs, the King came publiftly, and bare Cumpany ; and the Freirs preiched the Days following, always ufing ana uther Style then they had done fevin Yeirs befoir, during quhilk Tyme they had not preiched publiftly. They wer fo little cfteern - ad, that they continewed not lang in preiching. At the fame Tyme, convened in Edinburgh the Generall Afiembly of thi? Minifters, and CommifTiouners of the Kirkis reformed within this Realme; Thare alTifted thame of the Nobility, the Erles of Mortoim and Marre, th e Lord Ltndefay, and Secretary Lethingtoim, with uthers. The cheif Thing? that wer concluded in this Afiembly, wer, that for the avoyding of the Plague^ and Scourges of God, which appeired to come upoun the Peple for thair Siris atKJ Ingratitude, thare fould be proclamed be the Minifters a publift Faft, ifo be univerfally obferved thorowout all the reformed Kirkis ; quhilk Manner of Fafting was foon efter devyfed by Johne Knox, at the Comand of the Church, and put in Print, quharefoir neids not here to be recyted in this Place. W hat followed upoun the faid Faft fall be plainly, God willing, declared. The fecund Thing that was ordained in this Afiembly, was concerr iiHg ^ the Minifters, quho, for Want of Payment of thair Stipends, wer lyke t( j pe- rifch, or elfe to Icive thair Miniftry : Quharefoir it was found nece ITary, ihat Supplicatioun fould be maid to the King and Quenis Majef^ies ; arid fof the fame Purpofe, a certane Number of the maift able Men wer elei'iled to go to thair Maiefties afoirfaid, to lament and bemone thair Cafe ; quhi'ik Fer- :,- *» ' fons IB. V. of Rc I igiom in Scotland. 391 fnns had CcmmilTioiin to propofl- fomc utlier Thin{:;s, rtS (all be declared. The Names of thanie that pit trom the Church to the Ring and Quenis Ma. ieflies, wer, Mr. Jo/.'ne Spoli/'vjoo..'^, Superintendent of Lovbthtan^ Johne fVin- ramf. Superintendent of Fyfe^ Mr. Jo/:i;e Ro-ji, Minifter of Ferib^ Mr. David Lwdefjjy MmKter of Leytl.\ quho eafily obtained Audience of the King and Quenis Majcfties. And efter tha.r Reverence done, Mr. Jokue Rojj, in Name ot the reft, opened the Matter, lamenting and bewailing the miferable State of the poor Minifters, quho by publict Command had been rellbunably (atif- ficd thrie Yeirs or more, be Virtue of the Aft maid with Advice of the Ho- nourable Privy Counftill, for the taking up of the Thirds of the Benefices, quhilk was elpecially maid in thair Favours: Nevertheles the Laird of 7///;- barJitij new Comprrouller would anfwer thame nothing : Quharefore they be(oucht thair Majcfties for Relief Secimdiy, Scing that m all Supplicatiouns maid to the King and Quenis Majeftics by the ChurcJi at all Tymes, they de« fired maift carneftly, that all Idolatry and Superftitioun, and efpeCially the Meft, fbuld be rooted out and abolifched quyte out of this Realmc : And that in the laft Generall Allembly of the Church, by thair Commillioners, they had moft earneftly dcfired the fame. And that thair Anfwer was then, That they knew no Impediment in the Mels ; tliarefbir the Aflembly defired, that it micht pleafe thair HichneflTes to hear Difputatioun, to the End that luch as now pretended to preich in the Chappell Royall, and mantein fuch Errours; the Trewth being tryed by Difputatioun, that they micht be knawn to be A* bufers, fubmitting thame(elves always to the Word of God wrytten in the Scriptures. To this it was anfwered by the Quene, 'Jhat fche -acts always mind- ed^ that the Mhuften foidd be fayed than Stipends ; and if thare was ony Fault tbitre'triy the fame came hy fame of thair awn Sort^ meaning the Comptroller Pit- iarowj quho had the Handling of the Thirds. Always^ by the Advice of hir Coutifaillj fche fould cans fick Or dour to he taiken tharein^ that none f odd have Oc- cafioun to couiphin. As to the fecund^ Sche wald not jeopard hir Religioun upoun fick as -wer thare prefent ; f»r fche knew 'Weill enouch^ that the Prot eft ants wer more learned. The Minifters and CommifTioncrs of the Kirks pcrceaving nothing but De- lay, and Dryving of Tyme, in the old Manner, went Home every one to their awn Kirkis, vvayting upoun the guid Providence of God, continually making Supplicatioun unto Almichty God, that it would pleife him of his Mercy to remove the apparent Plague. And in the mean Tyme the Quene was bu- fied with Banqueting about with fbme of the Lords of the Seflion of Edin. hurgh^ and efter with all Men of Law, having continually in hir Company David Rizio^ quho (at at Table near to hirfelf, fometymes more privatly then became a Man of his Conditioun ; (or his over-grit Familiarity was already fufpefted : And it was thocht, That by his Adgice alone the Quenis Shai^nes and Extremity towards the Lords was manteined. In the End of "January aftved ane Ambafladourfrom France, named Mon- ■fieur RamhulUt, having with him about fourty Horfe in Trayn, quho came thorow England. He brocht with him the Ordour of the Cockle from the King of France, to the King, quho receaved the fame at the Mefs, in the Chap- pell of the Palace of Halyrudhous. Thare adifted the Erles of Lenox, Athole, and Eglintoun, with diverfvJ (ick uther Papifts, as wald pleis the Quene, quho thric Days efter cau(ed the Herauld to convene in Coun(ain, and reflbuned ouhat Armes (^nild be givea to the Ring. Some thocht he fbuld have the F f f f f 2 Armes 292 The Hill or ie of the Keformatioun Lib. V. Armes o^ Scotland: Some uthers faid, feing ir was not concluded in Parlia- ment, that he ibuld have the Grown Matrimonial!, he could have Armes, hot only as Duke of Rotk/ay, Erie of Rop, &!:. The Quene bade give him only his Dew ; quhareby it was perceaved hir Love waxed cold towards him. Finally, His Armes wer left blank ; and the Quene caufed put hir awn Name befoir hir Hufband's in all Wrytes j and thairefter 'chc caufed to leave out his Name holely. And becaus formerly he had figned every Thing of ony Mo- ment, fche caufed to m .k aSeall lyke the Ring's, and gave it xoLavrdRizJo^quho maid Ufe of it by the Quene's Commande, alledging, that the Ring, being ^t hisFaftyme, could not always be prefent. About the lame Tyme, the Erie of Glencairne came from Bevwick to his awn Guntrey. Soon efter, theErle of Both-well was married unto the Erie of Bioitley his Sifter. The Quene defired, that the Marriage micht be maid in the Chappell at the MeCs ; quhilk the Erie Bothwell wald in nowife grant. Upoun Sunday the third Day of March began the Facing at Edinburgh. The (event Day of March the Quene came from the Palace of£Ia!yrudhous to the Toun, in wondrous gorgious Apparel!, albeit the Number of Lords and Train was not very grit. In the mean Tyme the Ring, accumpanied with (even or aucht Horfe, went to Leyth^ to pafs his Tyme thare, for he was not lyke to get the Crown Matrimoniall. la the Tolbuth was devifit and namit the Heids of the Artickles that wer drawn againft the baniflied Lords ; upon the Morrow and Saturday fol- lowing, there was grit Reasoning concerning the Attainder. Some ailedged. That the Summons was not well libelled or drefled ; uthers thocht the Mat- ter of Treafbun was not fufficiently proved ; and indeed they wer ftill feiking Proof, for there was no uther Way bot the Quene wald have thame all attaint- ed, albeit the Time was very fchort. The 12th Day oi March fould have bein the Day, which was the Tuefday following. Now the Mater was flayed by a marvellous Tragedy, for by the Lords (upoun the Saturday before, which was the ninth of March^ about Supper- time) Daii'td Ri-uo the Italian^ named the French Secretary, was flain in the Gallery below Stairs fthe Ring flaying in the Roum with the Quene, told her, that the Defigne was onely to tak Ordour with that Villain) efter that he had bein taken violently from the Quene's Prefence, quho requefted moft erneftly for the faving of his Lyfe ; which Act was done by the Erie of Mor- row, the Lord Ruthven^ the Lord Lmdfay, the Mafter o( Ruthven, 'wixYi divers uther Gentlemen. They firft purpofed to have hangit him, and had provid- ed Cords for the (am Purpois ; bot the grit hafte which they had, moved thame to difpatch him with Whingers or Daggers, quherewith they gave him thrie and fifty Strokes. They feni away and put forth all fuch Perfons ,as they fiifpeftit. The Erles Bothwell and Huntley hearing the Noife and Glamour, cam (ud- danely to the Clofe, intending to have made Work, if they had had a Party ftrong> yneuch ; bot the Erie Morton commandit thame to pafle to thair ChambeFj or elfe they fould do worfe : At the which Words they retired .immediately, and fb paft forth at a back Window, they two alone, and with grit Fear cam forth of the Towne to Edmiftouny on Foot, and from thence to Crichtoun. This David Rizio was Co foolifh, that not onely he had drawpe unto him the managing of all Affaires, the Ring fct afyde, bot alfo his Equipage and Train Lib. V. of Rc'ligiotoj i?i Scothnd. 393 Train did furpafle the Kings ; and at the Parliament that \Vas to be, he wa^ ord.uned to be Chancellour ; which made the Lords confjiire againl! him. They made a Bond to Itand to the Religioun and Liberties of the Cuntrcy, and to fiee thame(elfis ot the Slavery of the Villain Davi^ Riz'to: The Kin» and his Father fublcribcd to the Bond, for they diirrt not truft the King's Word without his Signet. There was a Frenr/: Prieft (called Johi Damol) wild advifit Dav'tci R'lZt'o to rnak his Fortune, and be gone, for the Scoti would not fliffer him Ion*'. His Anfwer was, That the Scots would bragg bot not fight ; then he advifed .him to beware of the Fiaftard. To this he anfwercd, That the Baftard fould never live in S:o>lan:i in his Time, (he meant the Erie Murray) but it happened that one George Doixiglas Baftard Son to the Erie oi" Angus gave hirfi the firll: Stroke. The Quenc when fche heard he was deidj left weiping, and declared Iclie would Itudy Revenge, which fche did. Immediatly it was noifed in the Town of Efmlmrgb, that there wa^ Mur- ther committed within the King's Palace, qaherefore the Provoft caufed to ring the common Bell, or, Soni/er k tokjain, (as the French fpcaks) and ftraightvvay palt to the Palace, having about four or five hundred Men in warlike Manner ; and as they ftude in the utter Court, the King called to the Provort, comanding him to pafTe, Home wirh his Cumpany, faying, The Quene and he wer merry. Bot the Provoft defired to heir the Qutne fpeak herfelf^ Quhereunto it was anfwered by the King, Provoft, know you not: that I am King ? I comand you to palTe Home to your Houfes • and imme- diately they retired. The next Day (which was the fecund Sunday of our Faft in Edhihurgh') there was a Proclamatioun made in the King's Name, fubfcribed with his Hand, That all Bifchops, Abbots, and uther Papifts fould avoid and depart the Tovvne j which Proclamatioun was indeid oblerved, for they had a I'lLi . in their Hoje. Tiiere wer Letters (ent forth in the Kings Name, and fubfcribed with his Hand, to the Provoft and Bailiffs of EciinNirgh, the Bailiffs ot Leith and Camiongate^ commanding thame to be ready in Armour to aflifl the King and his Company, and likewilc other private Writings direfted to divers Lords and Gentillmen, to come with all Expeditioun. In the mean Time the Quene being above Meafure enraged, offended and trubled, as the Ilfue of the Mater declared, fomeiime railing iipbun the King, and fometime crying out at the "Windows, defirit her Servants to fet her at Liberty, for fche was hichly offendit and troublit. This fame icth of March the Erie of Murray, with the reft of the Lords and Nobillmen that were with him, having receivit the King's Letter, ffbr after the Bond, above named, was fubfcribed, the King wrote unto the ba- niflied Lords, to returne into thair Countrey, being one of the Artickles of the laid Bond) cam at Nicht to the Abbey, being alfb convoyed by the Lord Hiimey and a grit Company of fhe Borderers, to the Number of looo* Horfes. And firft, Efter he had prefented himfelf to the King, the Quene was in- formit of his fuddane coming, and tharefore fent unto hinj, commanding him to cume to her; and he obeying, went to her, who with a fingular Gravity received him, efter that he had maid his Purgatioun, and declared the over.grit Affeftioun which he bore continually to her Majefly, The Erfes . of Athokj Cathnes and Siiiherhind departed out of the Town, with the Bif^ G 5 g g g chopsj 3^4 ^^'^ Hijlorie of the Reformatioun Lib. V. chops upoun the Mimday, the thrid Day 6fter the Slauchter of David Rizio. The Erles of Lpwox, Murray, Morton, and Rothes, Lords Riitbven, Lindfay, Boyd, and Uchiltrie, fitting in Counfaill, defirit the Quene, That forafmuch as the Thing which was done could not be undone, that fche would ffor a- voiding of gritterlnconveniencies) forget the fame, and tak it as gud Ser- vice feing thare wer (b many Nobillmen reftored. The Quene diflembling her Difpleifiire and Indignatioun, gave gud Words, neverthelefle fche^ defired. That all Perfons armed or otherwife (being within the Palace at that Time) fould remove, leaving the Palace void of all, faving only her domeftick Ser- vants. The Lords being perfwaded by the uxorious King, and the facile Erie o^ Murray, condefcended to her Defire, who finally the next Morning, two Hours before Day, paft to Seato}7, and then to Dumbar, having in hir Cumpany the fimple King, who was allured by hir fugared Words ; from Dumhar immediately wer fent Purfuivants with Letters thorowout the Coun- trey ; and efpecially Letters to the Nobillmen and Barons, comanding thame to come to Dimhar, to affift the King and Quene within five Dayes : In the mean Time the Lords. being informed of the luddane Departure, they wer aftonifched, and knew not what wer beft for thame to do : Bot becaufe it was the. felf-fame Day fto wit, the 1 2th Day o^ March) that they wer fum- moned unto; tharefore havinggude Opportunity, they paft to the Tolbuith, which was richly hung with Tapiftry,and adorned fbot not for them) and fet thamefelfis, making Proteftatiouns, the Erie of C/fwarwf, and (ume uthers, be- ing prefent. The Erie of^rgyle, quho was written for by the King, came to Lhilithgow, and being informed of the Mater, he remained there. Efter this maner above fpecified, to wit, by the Death of David Rizio, the Nobillmen wer relieved of thair Trouble, and reftorit to thair Places and Rooms : And likewife the Church reformed, and all that profelled the E- vangell within this Realme, efter Fafting and Prayer, was delivered and freed from the apparent Dangers which wer lik to have fallen upoun thame ; for if the Parliament had taken EfFeft, and proceeded, it was thocht by all Men of the beft Judgment, that the true Proteftant Religioun fould have been •wrackt, and Popery erefted ; and for the fame Purpois, thare wer certane wooden Altars maid, to the Number of twelve, found ready in the Chappell of the Palace of Halyrudehousj which fould have bene ere6led in Saint Gyles's Church. The Erles Bothwell and Hartley being informed of the Ring and Quenes fuddane Departure forth of Edinburgh, cam to Dumbar, quhere they wer mofl gracioufly received by the Quenes Majefty ; who confulting with thame and the Maifler of Maxwell, togither with Parfon O-win, and Parfon Flipie, chief Counfaillors, quhat was beft t6 be done, and how fche fould be revenged up- oun the Murtherers. At firft they did intend to go forward, and leaving no maner of Cruelty unpraftifed, putting to Death all filch as wer fufpeftit. This was the Opinioun ot fuch as would obey thair Quene's Rage and Fury for thair own Advantage; Bot in the End they concludit, That fche fould come to Edinburgh with all the Force and Power fche could mak, and thare proceed to Juftice : And for the fam Purpois, fche caufit to fummon, by o- pen Proclamatioun, all Perfons of Defence, and all Nobillmen and Gentill- men, to cume to her in Dumbar incontinent. In the mean Time, the Gap. tanes laboured by all Means to tak up and enroll Men and Women, The Erles of Mcrton^ Murray, Glemarne^ Rothefe, with the reft that wer in EdtK- hurgh^ Lib. V. of Re ligiotm m Scotland. 3^5; hiirgl'j being informed of theQuene's Fury and Anger townrds the Comitterij ot the Slauchtcr, and perccaving they wcr not able to mak any Party, thocht it beft to give Place to her Fury for a Time, for they wcr divided in Opini- ouns, and finally, departed out oi Edivburgh, h^omh Sunday the 17th Day of March^ every one a fevcrall "Way; for theQuene's Majefty was now bene only againft the Slayers of David KrJo ; and to [he Purpois fche micht be the better revenged upoun them, (che intended to give Pardoun to all fuch as be- toir had bene attainted, for whatfbever Crime. The 1 Sth Day of Mj;v/', the King and Quene came to Edinlurgh, having in thair Company Horfe and Foot, to the Numer of Scco Men; quharcof there wer four Companies of Footmen of War. The Town of Ediuhurgh went out to meet thame for fear of War. And finally, coming within the Town, in mofl avvfull maner, they caufit to place thair Men of War within the Town, and likewile certane Field-pieces againft thair Lodging, which was in the middle of the Town, over againft the Salt Trone : Now a litle before the Quenes Entrance into the Town, all that knew of hir cruell Pre- tence and Hatred towards thame, fled here and thare ; and amongft others Maifter "^anies Macg'dl the Clerk Regifter, the Juftice Clerk, and the common Clerk of the Town : The chief Secretary Lethington was gone before ; like- wile Johne Knox part Weft to Kyle: The Men of War likewifc kept the Ports or Gates. Within five Days after thair Entry, thare was a Proclamati- oun maid at the Market-croiTe, for the Purgatioun of the King frcm the a- fbrelaid Slauchter ; which made all underftanding Men laugh at the Paflages of Things, fince the Ring not only had gevin his Confcnt, bor al/b had fub- (cribed the Bond afore named ; and the BufinefTe was done in his Name, and for his Honour, if he had had Wifdom to know it. Efter this Proclamati- oun, the Ring loft his Credit among all Men, and fo his Freinds, by this his Inconftancy and WeaknefTe. And in the mean time the Men of War comitted grit Outrages in break- ing up Doors, thrufting thamfelfis into every Houfe: And albeit the Num- ber of thame wer not grit, yet the whole Town was too little for thame. Soon after, the Ring and Quene paft to the Caftell, and caufit to warn all fuch as had abfented thamefelfis, by open Prodamatioun, to appear before thair Majefties and the Privy Counfeill within fix Days, under Pain of Rebel- lioun ; which Pra6lice was devifed in the Erie of Huntley's Cafe, before the Battell of Corrichy : And becaus thay appeared not, they wer denounced Re- bells, and put to the Home, and immediatly thereafter, thair Efcheats given or taken up by the Treafurer. There was a ccrtare Number of the Tcwnf^ men charged to enter thamefelfis Prifcners in the Tolbuith, and with thame wer put in certane Gentillmen : Quhare, efter they had remaned eight Days, they wer convoyed down to the Palace by the Men of War, and then kept by thame eight Days more : And of that Ni mber was Thrr.as Sect SherifPdeputc of Saint Jo^f^wf/^"") quho was condemned to Death, ard execur- ed cruelly, to wit, hanged and quartered, for keipirg the Qutre in Prifcn, as was alledged, ahhcch it was by the King's Ccmmard. And t*o Men like- wife wer condemned to Death, and carried liktwife to the Ladder-fret; hot the Erie Boih-jcell prefentit the Quene's Ring to the Prcvcft, whieh then was Juftice, for Safety of thair Life. The Ncmes cf thcfe two wcr Jclre Mdraj 'Merchant, and William Harkw Sadler. Aboi-t the fjrre Time, rotwith- flanding all this hurhturly, iheMinifleis cf tV.e Chvrch, zrd Ficftf^crs of G g g g g « R§ qq6 The Htftorie of the Reformatioun Lib. V. Religioun ceafit not 5 for the People, they convened to publike Prayer^ and Preaching with Boldnefle ; yea, a grit Number of Nobillmen aflifted like- wife. The Erie Bothvjell had now, of ail Men, gritteft AccefTe and Fami- liarity with the Quene, lo tliat nothing of any grit Importance was done without him ; for he icliewed Favour to (uch as liked him ; and amongft uthers, to the Lairds ofOrmiJion, Hawton, and CaUer, quho war fb recon- ciled unto him, that by hisTavour they wer relieved of grit Trouble. The Erles of Argyk and Murray, at the Quenis Commande, part to ArgyJe^ quhere efter they had remained about a Month, they wer lent for by the Quene • and coming to Edinburgh, they wer receaved by the Quene into the Caftell and banquetted, the Erles of Huntley and BothweU being prefenr. At this Tyme the Ring grew to be contemned and difefteimed, ib that fcarce- ly ony Honour was done to him, and his Father lykewife. Khoxxi Efther the King paft to .SVir/w^jquher he was fhriven, efter the Papift Manner, And in the mean Tyme, at the Palace of Halyrudhous, in the Chap- pell, thare reforted a grit Number to the Mefs, albeit the Quene remained ftill in the Caftell, with hir Priefts of the Chapell Royall, quher they ufed Ceremo- nies efter the Popifeh Manner. At the {ameTyme, depairted this Lyfe Maifter Johne Sinclair Bifchope of Rolje and Dean of Lejierrig, of quhom hath bene oft Mentioun, Prefident of the Colledge of Juftice, called the Seffioun ; quho ahb (ucceeded in the (aid Office and Dignity, efter the Deceafe of his Brother Maifter Jolme Sinclair, Bifchope of Rojfe, Dean of Glafgovo, quho departed this Lyfe at Paris, about a Yeir befoir. They wer both learned in the Laws, and given to maintain thePopifth Religioun ; and tharefoir grit Enemies to the Proteftants. A lit- tell befoir dyed Mr. Abraham C/}rickoun,quhoh2Ld been Prefident lykewife novv in thair Rooms. The Quene placed fick as (che pleifed, and had done hir Service ( always very unfit. ) The Patrimony ot the Kirk, Bifchopricks, Abbyes, and (lich uther Benefices, wer difpofed by the Quene to Courtiers, Dancers and Flat- terars. The Erie of Both-well, quhom the Quelle preferred above all uthers, efter the Deceafe of Lavid Rizto, had for his Part MelroJJe, Hadingtoun and J mongft other talking, Madame, I rejoyce very gritly at this Time, feeing your Majefty hath here to ferve you fb many Nobillmen, efpecially twelve Erles, quhareof two only afTift at this Baptifme to the Superftitioun of Popery. At the which faying the Quene kept good Countenance. Soon efter they ban- quetted in the (aid grit Hall, quhare they wanted no Prodigality. During the Time of the Erie of Bedford''^ remaining at Stirling, the Lords for the moft Part waited upoun him, and conveyed him every Day to the Sermon, and efter to ba.iquetting. The Lib. V. of Rcligioufi m Scothnd. 4.01 The K-ing remaned in Stirling all that Tyme (ncvir teing prcftnt) kept his Chcimber : His Father hearing how he uas bltd, writ to him to re- pair unto him ; quho loon ckcr went ^without GudnichtJ toward Gliif^nb to his Father ; he was hardly aMilc out of StitiiH^^ whtn the Foyfcn (wllich had been given him) wrocht ib upoun him, that he had very great Pain and Dolour in every Fart of his Body. At length, being arrived at Giafgm the Bhllers brake out, of a blcwilh Colour, fo the rh3ficians prclLntly knew the Dileafe to come by Poyfoun ; he was brought fb low that nothing hot Death was expected j yet the Strength of his Youth at laft did furmount the Foyloi;]. During the Time of this Triumph the Quenc was moft liberall in all Things that wer demanded of hir ; amongft other Things, fche fubfcribcd a Writing for the Maateinance of the Minifters in a reafonable Proportioun which was to be taken up of the Thrids of Benefices: Which Writing be- ing purchafed by the Bifchop of Galloway, was presented at the Generall Af- fembly of the Church at Edinburgh, the a/th Day of Decewhr i;66, where were conveened the Superintendents and other Minifters in reafonable Number hot very few Comminioners. The firfl Mater that was thare propofed, was concerning the faid Writing lately obtained j and the mod Fart of the Mini- fters being demanded their Opiniouns in the Mater, efter Advice, and pafTing a little afide, they anfwered very gravely. That it was thair Duty to preach to the Peple the Word of God truly and fincercly, and to crave of the Audi- tors the Things that were neceflary for thair Suftentatioun, as of Duty the Pafiour micht juftly crave of thair Flock ; and further it became thame not to have any Care. NeverthelefTe the Aflenibly taking in Confideratioun that the (aid Gifts granted by the Quenes Majefty, was not to be refufed - they ordained, That certane faithfull Men of every Shire fbuld meet and do thair utmolt Dilligence for gathering and receiving the faid Come and Money and likewile appointed the Superintendent of LovjtJ:iane, and Mr. Jo/me Rcw to wait upon the Bifchop of Galloway, and concurre and afiift him for fur- ther Expeditioun in the Court, that the faid Gift micht Ipe difpatched throch the Scales. In the fame AfTembly there was prefented a Remonftrance by Writ by fum Gentillmen of Kyle, conteining in Effe6}-, That in afmuch as the Tythes ought to be given only to the Minifters and Schooles of the Word, and for Man- teinance of the Poor, that therefore the Affembly would Stature and Ordain, That all the ProfefTors of the Evangeil fould keip the fame in thair own Hands to the Etfefts aforeftid, and no Way permit the Papifls to meddle tharewith. This Writing tuke no Effect at that Time, for thare was none elfe bot the Gentillmen of Kyle of that Opinioun. It was ftatuted in the faid AfTembl)', That fuch publike Fornicators, and fcandalous Livers as would not confefTe . thair Offences, nor come to declare thair Repentance, fould be declared by the Minifter to be out of the Church, and not of the Body thareof, and thair Names to be declared pubhkely upoun the Sunday. Efter this Affembly, the Bifchop of Gallo-xay (with the Superintendent of Lowthiaii and Mr. JolneRoijo) pafTing to Stirling, obtained thair Demands in an ample maner at the Quenes Majefties Hand, according to thair Defire ; and likewife they obtained for e- very Borough, a Guift or Donatioun of the Altarages, Annuals, and Obites, which before were given to the Fapifis, now to be difpofed for the Mainte- nance of the Minifters and Schooles within the Boroughs, and the reft to the ^ i i i i Po©r 402 The Hiftorie of the Reformat ioun Lib. V. poor or Hofpital. Notwithftanding the domeftick Troubles that the Church of God in Scotland fuffered in the Time of thefe Hurliburlies "v^ithin the King- dom yet they wer not unmindfull of the Affli6tioun ot Jacol? every where upoun the Face of the Earth j namely, they had befoir thair Eyes the State and Conditioun of the Church of God in England^ witnefle this Letter from the Generall Affembly to the Reulars of the Church of God in England. The Super'mtendents^ •with other Mlmften and Comm'iffioywrs of the Church of God in the Kingdome of ScQthnd, to their Brethren the Btfchops and Paltours of God's Church in England, iniho profeffe with us in Scotland the Treuth of Jefus Chrift. BY Word and Letters it is come to bur Knowledge (Reverent Brethren, Paftors of God's Word in the Church of England) that divers of our Brethren fof quhom fbme be of the moft learned in England) are deprived from all Ecclefiaftical Funftioun, namely, are forbidden to preach, and Co by you ar flopped to promote the Kingdom of God, becaus they have a Scruple of Confcience to ufe at the Command of Authority fuch Garments as Idola- ters in Time of gritteft Darkneffe, did ufe in thair Superftitious and Idola- trous Service ; which Report cannot bot be very grievous to our Hearts, con- fiddering the Sentence of the Apoftle, If ye bite and devour one another^ take heed ye be not confumed one of another. We intend not at this prefent to en- ter into the Queftioun, which we hear is agitated and handled with griter Vehemency by eyther Party, then well liketh us, to wit. Whether fuch Ap- parell be accounted amongfl Things indiflferent, or not ; quherefbre (throch the Bowells of Jeftis Chrift_) we crave that Chriflian Charity may fb farre prevaill with you, quho ar the Paftours and Guides of Chrif^'s Flock in Eng- land, that ye do one to another as ye defire others to do to you. You can- not be ignorant quhat TendernelTe is in a fcrupulous Confcience, and all that have Knowledge are not alyke perfwaded ; the Confciences of fbme of you ftirres not, with th'^' wearing of fuch Things, on the other Side many Thou- lands (both godly and learnedj are otherwile perfwaded, quhofe Confciences are continually flrucken with thefe Sentences, ^hat hath Chrift to doe with Belial? ^ih at Fellow f chip is thare betwixt Light and Darkneffe ? If Surplice, Corner-Cap and Tippet have bene the Badges of Idolaters in the very Aft of thair Idolatry, quhat hath the Preachers of Chriftian Liberty, and the Re- bukers of Superftitioun with the Dregs of that Rotnifh Beafl ? Yea, quhat is he that ought not to fear, eyther to take in his Hdnd, or on his Forehead the Prints and Mark of that odious Beaft : The Brethren that refufe fuch unprofit- able Apparell do neyther condemne nor molefl you quho ufe fuch Trifles. On the other Side, if ye that ufe thefe Things, will do the lyke to your Bre- thren, we dout not bot tharein you fall pleife God, and comfort the Hearts of many, which ar wounded to fee Extremity ufed againft thefe godly Bre- thren : Humane Arguments or colloured Rhetoricke, we ufe none to per» fwade you, onely in Charity we defire you to mind the Sentence of Peter, Feed the Flock of Chrili which is comitted to your Charge, caring for it, not by Conftraint, bot willingly ; not being as Lords of God's Heritage, bot being Examples to the Flock. We further defire you to meditate upoun that Sentence of Paul, Give no Offence neither to Jewes, nor Gentiles, nor to the Church of God'y in quhat Conditioun you and we both travell, at leaft are bound to travell for i -■ ■ ■ — "■ ■ " ™^"^^— — — — — .__^ Li B. V. of Rcligiotoj in Scotland. ^03 for the promorinc; of Chrift's Kingdom, you arc not ignorant ; therefore wi* arc the more bold to exhort you to deall more wilcly, then to trouble the godly tor fuch Vanities, for all Things which feem lawful!, cdifie not • if Authority urge you farther then your Confcicnces can bear, I pray you re- member, that the Minilkrs of the Church arc called the Light of the World and Salt of the Earth; all civill Authority hath not always the Light of God (hining befoir thair Eyes^ in Statutes and Commands, for thair Aff'eftiouns favour too much of the Earth and worldly Wifdome : Tharefore we tell you. That ye ought to oppofe yourfelfis boldly, not onely to all Power that dare extoll itfelf againft God, hot alio againlt all fuch as dare burden the Confciences of the faithfull, farther then God chargeth thame in his own "Word. But we hojlfe you will excufe our Freedom in th«t we have entred in Rcafoning farther then we intended in the bcgining. Now agane we re* turn to our former Requclt, which is, That the Brethren among you quho refute the Ronulh Rags, may find of you quho ufe and urge thame fuch Fa- vour as our Head and Mafter commandeth each one of his Members to fhew to another, which we look to receive of yourCourtcfie, not only becaufe you will not offend God in troubling your Brethren for fuch vain Trifles bot al- fo becaus you will not retufe the erncft Rcqueft of us your Brethren and Fellovv-Minifters, in whom althoch thare appear no worldly Fompe ; yet we are alTured you will efteem us as God's Servants, travelling to fet forth his Glory againrt the Roman Antichrift. The Days are evill, Iniquity aboundeth and Charity (alas) waxeth cold, quherefere we ought to walk diligently for the Hour is uncertain quhen the Lord fall come, befoir quhom we muft all give an account of our Adminiftratioun. In Conclufioun, yet once morfe ■we defire you to be favourable one to another. Lord Jefus rule your Hairts in his Fear unto the End, and give to you and us Vif^ory over that conjured Enemy of true Rcligioun, {the Pope) quhofe wounded Head Sathan by all Means ftrives to Cure agane j bot to Deftruftioun (all he go, and all his Manteiners, by the Power of our Lord Jefus, to quhofe michty Prote^tioun we commit you. From our Gencrall Alfembly, December 27. ij66. At the fame Tyme the Bifchop of Sanft Jndrois, by Means of the Erie of Botb-viell, procured a "Wryting from the Quenis Majef^y, to be obeyed with- in the Dioceffe of his Jurifdiftion, in all fuch Caufcs as befoir in Tyme of Popery wer ufedinthe Confiftory ; and tharefoir todifcharge the new Com- mifTioners : And for the fame Purpofe came to Edinburgh in January^ having a Cumpany of one hutidred Horfes or more, intending to tak PoffefTioun, ac cording to his Gift lately obtained. The Provefl being advertifed thareof, by the Erie of Murray^ they fent to the Bifchop thrie or four of the CounfailJ, defiring him to defift from the faid Matter, for Fear of Trouble and Seditioun* that micht rife thareupoun ; quherby he was perfwaded to defift at that Tyme. Soon efter, the Queue came to Edinburgh, quhare fche remained a few Pays. In the Month of January fche was informed, that the King was re- covered of the Poyfoun given him at Stirling ; and tharefoir fche pafl to Glafgo^jj to vifite him, and thare tarried with him fix Days, ufing him won- derfully kindly, with mony gracious and gude Words ; and lykewife his Fa- ther the Erie of Lenos ; infomuch that all Men marvelled quhareunto it fould turn, confidering the grit Contempt and Drynes that had been befoir fo long togidder : The Quene, notwithftanding all the Contempt that was given him,- I i i i i 2 witK 404 The Hi/iorie of the Kcprmatioim Lib. V. with a knawn Defign to take away his Lyfe, y.it, by hir fweet Words, gains fb far upoun the uxorious Hul"band, and his facile Father, that he went in Coraparry with hir to Edhihtrgb^ quhare fche had caufed to lodge him at the Church of FieU, in a Lodging laitly bocht by Maifter James Balfour ClerJc Ref'ifter, trewly very unmeit for a King. The Quene reforted often to vific him and lay in the Hous two Nychts by hirn ( althouch hir Lodgings was in the Palace of H^jlyrudhoiis. ) Every Man marvelled at this Reconciliatioun and fudden Change. The nynth of pebrmry the Ring was murthered, and the Hous quhare he lay burned with Fowder.- About twelve of the Clock in the Nycht; his Body was caftfurthin a Yard without ,the Town-wall adjoyning clofs by. There was a Serysnt lykewife murdered befide him, quho had been alio in the Chamber with him. ThePeple ran to^Dehold this fpeflacle, and wondring thareat, fbme judged one Thing, fome another. .. 'Schortly thereafter, Bothtiering Forces, ?nd ftirring himfelf to get the young Prince in his Hands, that he micht mur- der the Child, as he had murdered the Father. This wicked Man the Nobles of the Land refblved to withftand, and deliver the Quene our of hrs Bondage ; quharefore they did charge all Lieges within the Kingdom that could come to them, to be in Readinefl'e at three Hours Warning to afTifi thame, the Nobles, for the freeing of the Quene fi cm Captivit)', and bring- ing the faid Erie Bothvoell to a legall Tiiall, and condigne Punifchmenf for the aforel'aid Murder and other Crimes. All fuch that would rot fyde with the Lords wer by this Pmclamation comandit to depart from Edinburgh with- in four Hours, under the Pain of being accounted Enemies, £?•. Notwithftanding this Proclamatioun, the Peple did not joyn unto theft Xoids as was expected, for fundry of the Nobles wer Adverfaries to the Eu- R. k k k k a fineffe, 4.08 The Ht/ione of the Reformat ioun L i b. V. finefle other flood as Neuters ; and withallj thofe that wer convened toge- ther wer not well provided of Armes and Munitioun for Exploits of "Warre ; (b that they wer even thinking to diflblve and leave off thair Enterprize till another Time, and had abfolutely done Co ; hot God had ordained other waves, as the Event did fhew (if the Quene and Botlmell could have had Patience to ftay at Dimhar for three or four Days without any ftirrej hoc the Quene and Bothooell having gathered together about four or five thou 'and Men trufting in thair Force f the Quene being puft up by Flatterers) fet forth and marched towards Lehb. Being come forward as farr as Gla'tdf. mure fche caufit publike Proclamatioun againft the aforefaid Lords, calling thame a Number of Confpirators, and that fche now difcerned thair inward Malice againft her and her Hufband, the Duke of Orkney (for fo now they called Bothwell:) After they had endeavoured to apprehend her and her Hus- band at Brothwtcky and had made a feditious Proclamatioun, under Pretence of (eeking the Revenge of the Ring her late Hufband ; and to free her from Captivity, giving out, that the Duke her Hufband had a mind to invaid the Prince her Sonne ; all which was falfe, for the Duke her Hufband had ufed all Means to clear himfelf, both by a legall Way, and by the Offer of a Corn- bate to any that did accufe him, as they knew well yneuch. As "touching hir Captivity, fche was in none, bot was in Company with her Hufband) un- to quhom fche was publikely married in the View of the "Warld, and mony of the Nobles had given thair Confent unto this her Mariage. As for the Prince her Sonne, it was bot a fpecious Pretence to the Treafbn and Rebellu oun againft hir thair natural] Soveraign, and her Pofterity, ^fhich they in- tended to overthrow ; quherefore fche declared herfelf necefTitated to take! Arms hoping that all her faithfull Subjefts would adhere unto her, and that thofe quho wer already aflembled with her, would with good Hearts and Hands ftand to her Defence ; and for the Recompence of thair Valour thay fould have the Lands and Goods of thefe unnaturall Rebells. Efter this Pro- clamatioun the Army went on, and the Quene that Nicht came to SeatoH^ quhere fche lay. About Midnicht the Lords of Ed'mlurgh wer advertifed of the Quenes Ap- proach, prefently they took Arms,- and at the Sun-rifing they wer at MuJJeU lurgh^ quhere they refrefched thamefelfis with Meat and Reft. The Qufenes Camp was not yet ftirring. About Mid-day the Scouts that the Lords had fent out, brocht Word that the Enemy was marching towards thame ; pre- fently they put thamefelfis in two Battalias, the firft was conducted by the Erie Mortoufi, and the Lord Huwe ; the fecond by the Erles Jthole^ QeHcarne, the Lords Ltadefay, Ruthven, Sempk and Saucharmdr^ with the Lairds Drum' latirick, TuUibardin, Cesford^ and Grange^ with, divers uthers, thair Number was almoft as grit as the Quenes, thair Men better, being many of thame expert Men, that I fay nothing of the Caufe. The Quene had gained a Hill^ called Carbarry, which the Lords ("by Reafbn of the SteepnefTe of the Afcent) could not well come at ; quherefore they wheeled about to get a more con. venient Place to go to the Hill, quhei'e the Enemy was, and to have the Sunne behind thame in the Time of the Fight. At the firft the Quene fee- ing their thus going about, did imagine thay wer fleeing away to Dalketh, bot quhen fche faw thame come direftly towards her, fche found herfelf de- ceived. The « Lib. V. of i?t'//^/6v.';/ />; Scotland. 409 ThcT/tw/' Ambafladour feeing thame ready to fight, ftiived to take up the Bufmellc, anjl having fpokcn with the Qucnc, went to the Lords, telling thame, that the Quene was ditpofed ft) Peace, and ro forgive and pardon this Inlurrcctioun ; quheieh-Te it was very fit to fpare Blood, to agree in a peace- able Way. The Erie of Morion (in the Name of all the rtlt) ahfutrtd, That tney had taken up Armes, not againrt the C^iene, hot againll the niur- therer of the King; quhom if (che would deliver to be punifchcd, or at Icnft put from her Company, Iche fould find a Continuatioun of dutifull Obcdiehce by thame, and all other good Subjects ; otherwile no Peace : Rcfidc^ wa ar not to afk Pardoun for any Olience done by us. The Ambafliidour lecing thair Relolutioun to Ihnd ro the Right of thair Caufc, witlxircw, and W(.nt to E.iiid'iir'1.'. While ihe French Ambafladour was thus labouring for Accommodatioun, BorL-uell came out of the Camp f which was in the Trench that the EngUfcb- meu \\2id left at thair lall being in thefe Placts, as wc have laid in the ' former Book ) well mounted, with a Defie to any that would fight with him. J'.nnes Murrq^, Brother to the Laird of Tidlih.vdiu^ quho bt fore had accepted of BotlrjueiS Challenge, quhen he maid the Rodomontade at Ed'tn- hnrgJ.\ immediately eftcr. the Ring's Death ; bof then Jar,v:5 Murijy did not mak known his Name. Bot!yxeU VGi'nkd to fight Wnh James Murray, alledg- ing he was not his Equall. Upoun this the elder Brother JViU'unn Murray^ Laird ofTu/l'hrdin^ anlwered. That he would fight with him, as being his Better in Ertite, and in Anriquity of Houfe many Degrees above him ; yet Boll-well rt:Cu(hd him, (aying, That he was not a Peer of the Ringdome, as he was ; (hen fundry Lords would have gone to fight with Bo'Jyjjc:! , bot the Lord L'nidfiiy namely, quho faid to the rel^ of the Lord? and Gcntillmen, Thac he would talc it as a fingular Favour of thame, and a'^ a Recompencc of his Service done to the State, if they would fut^er him to fight with the Eragga. d'H-i'\ Bothwell feaing that thare was no more Subterfuge nor Excuie, under- hand maid the Quene to firbid him. Efter this Challenge and Anlwers, Bnil.Kvell^ Complices and Followers wer very emeft to fight, bot others that had come only for theQuene's fnke,, became little cold, faying. That Botlrxtll would do well to fight himf.lf, and fpare the Blood of divers Gentillmen that: wer there. Some counfelled to delay the Battell till the Hamiltoiis came, quhom they did expeft. All this the Quene heard with Anger ; and riding up and down, burft out in Tears, and laid. They wer all Cowards and Tray- tors that would not. fight. Immediately efter, thus vapouring, the Quene perceaving fundry to leave her, fche advifed Bcnlrxcll to look, unto himfelf^ for fche laid to him, Sche would render herfelf unto the Nobillmenc Upoun this fche fent f.^r James KirkaUie o( Grange, with quhom ^he kept Difcourfe for a while, till that fche was afllired that Botbix-ell was out of Danger. Then fche went to the Lords, quhom fche did entertain with many f:,ir Words, telling thame. That it was neither Fear, nor want of Hope of ^'ictory, that maid her come unto thame, bot a mere Defire to fpare Ichedding of inno- cent Blood : Withall fche promifed to be ruled and advifed by thame. With this Iche was received with all refpert. Bot fhortly efter, declaring that Iche would go to the Hamiltons^ with Promife to return, they reftraincd her Liberty, and brccht her along with thame to Edinhngh at Nicht : Sche was very flow in marching, looking to be re'cued by the Hamiltons ; bot in vain : Sche lay that Nicht in the Provoft's Houfe, The next Day, the L 1 1 1 1 Lord* 41 o The Hijlorie of the Kcformatioun Lib. V. Lords Cent the Quene to the Caftle that is within an Ifle of Lochlev'm. Sir James Balfour feeing the Quene comitted, and Both-well confequently defeated, he capitulated with the Lords for the Dehvery of the CalHe. Boilmell find- ing himfelf thus in Diforder, fent a Servant to Sir James Balfour, to fave a little Silver Cabinet, which the Quene had given him. Sir James Balfour de- livers the Cabinet to the Mefien er, and under-hand giveth Advice of it to the Lords. In this Cabinet had Bothwell kept the Letters of Privacy he had from the Quene: Thus he kept her Letters to be an Aw bend U(Oun her, in ca(e her Affeftioun fbuld change. By the taking of this Cabinet, many Particulars betwix the Quene and Both-well wer clearly dilcovered. Thefe Letters wer after printed : They wer in Frenche ; with (bme Sonnets of hir own makmg. Few D.iys after the Committment of the Quene, the Erie of Gkncarue with his Domefticks, went to the Chappell of Halyriidehoiis, quhere he brake down the Altars and the Images: Which Fa6i:, as it did content the Zealous Proteliants, fo it did hichly ofTend the popiQily aflcvfted. The Nobles, quho had Co proceeded againfl Bothwell, and dealt Co with the Quene, hearing that the Hamiltons had a grit Number of Men, and had drawn the Eries of A' ■'•yle and Hiuitley to their Side, fent to Hamilton, defiring thofe that wer thare to iovn with thame, for the RedrefTe of the Diforders of Church and State : Bot the Hamiltons thinking now they had a fair Occafioun fallen un- to chame to have all agane in their Hands, and to difpofe of all according to their own Mind, did refufe Audience to the Meflage fent by the Lords. Upon this, the Lords moved the General! Aflembly then met in hdhihitrgh^ in the Moneth of June, to write to the Lords that either wer actually declar- ed for the Hamiltons, or wer Neuters: And Co feverall Letters wer direfted to the Eries of Argyle, Huntley, Cathnes, Rolhefe, Crawford, and Menteth j to the Lords Boyd, Drummond, Grame, Cat he art. Teller, Fleming, Levinjtoun, Sea- ton Glammis, Uchiltrie, Gray, Olyphant, Methven, Innermeth and Somervile j as alfo to divers uther Men of Note. Befydes the Lerters of the AlTembly, Com* miffiouners wer fen: from the AiTembly to the Lords above named ; to wit, Johne Knox, Johne Do-wglas, Johne Row, and Johne O aig, quho had Inftru6ti- ouns conform to the Tenor of the Letters, to defire tiiefe Lords and others, to come to Edinburgh, and joyn with the Lords there, for the fettling of God's true Worfchip in the Church, and Policy reformed according to God's Word, a Manteinance for the Minifters, and Support for the Poor : Bot neyther the Commiffionars nor the Letters did prevail with thefe Men j they excufed, that they could not repair to Edinburgh with Freedom, quhere there was fo many armed Men, and a Garifon fo Itrong : Bot for the Church- affairs, they would not be anywayes wanting, to do what lay in thame. The Lords at Edinburgh feeing this, joyneth abfolutely with the Aflembly (which had bene prorogated to the 20. of July, upoun the Occafioun of thefe Letters and Commiffioners aforefaid) and promifeth to make gude all the Artickles they thought fit to refblve upoun in the AlTembly : Bot how they performed their Promifes, God knows always. The Artickles they a- gresd upoun wer thefe. 1. ^hat I B. V. _ oj Rcligiotm in Scotland. ^n I. "THut the A^s of Parlidment hoUen at Edinbur2,h, the l^th of Auguft "■ J J 60. t'xitchiiig Religioitti^ and abolifcbiiig the Fa 1 pis Authoiity^foiiU have the Force of a public Law ; and confequently this Pailiametit defended as « lavifull Parliament J and confirmed by the fit ft Parliament that Joiild be kept nixt. II. That the Thirds of the lythes, or ony moir reffoiinable Proportioiin of Be^ nefices, foiild be allowed towards the Maintenance of the Minijliy ; and that thare fouid be *a charitable Courfe taken concerning the Exa^ing of the Tythes of the pure Labourers. III. That none fouJd be receaved in the Univerfitigs, Colledge<^ or Schools, for In/ir^Jlioiin of the Touthy bot efter dew Tryally both of Capacity and Pio- bity. IV. That all Crymes and Offences againjl God^ fould be pmifched according to God's IVordj and that thare fouU be a Law maid thareaiienty at the firii Pailia- ment to be holden. V. As for the horrible Murder of the late Kingy Hufband to the ^lene, -which •was fo haynoiisbefotr Goi and Man, all trew Profeffours^ in whatfoever Rank or Gondii lowiy did promrfe to ftrivey that all Per [ones foJd bi\hroiicht to condign Panifch- ment, qnho ar found guilty of the fame Cryme. VI. They ail promeijed to proteii the young Prince againft all Fio/ence, lefi he ■ fouU be nv.rtkeredy as his Father was y and that the Prtncefnuldbecomm-tted to the Cue of four wile andgoaly Men, that by a gnde Educatiouny he micht be fit- ted ;0r tl.at hi ch Calling he was to execute one Day. VII. /'!'? Noblesy Barones, and uthers, doth promife to beat down and abo- lilche Poperyy IdoLitry and Super.'iitioun, with ony 1 bi'!g that may contribute unio it. As alfo to fet upy and further the trew fVof-fchip oj God., bis Government the Churchy 'and all that may concerne the Purity of Religioun and L\fe ; and for this to convene and take Arms, if Need require. VI II. That all Princes and Kings hair efter in this Realme, befoir tbai'r Co- ronatiomiy fall take Oath to maintain the trew Religioun now projeffed in the Kirk of Scotland, and fupprejfe all Things contrary to it, and that ar not agreeing with it. To thefe Articles fubfclbed the Erles of Mortoun, Clencairne, and Marrf the Lords /i:7Wf, Rithven, Sanchar, Lindefiy, Grabamey Inermeth and I 'chiltriey with mony uther Barones, befides the Commiflioners of the Burroughs. This being agreed upoun, the Aflembly diflblved. Thairelttr the Lords Lindefay and Ruthven wer fent to Lochlevin to the Quene, to prefent unro hir ' two Wrytes ; the one contained a Renounciatioun of the Crown and Royall Dignity, in Favours of the Prince hir Son; with a CommifTioun to invert him into the Kingdome, according to the Manner accuftomrd : "Which, - efter fome Relu6tancy with Tears, fche fubfcribed, by the Advice of the Erie of AthoUy quho had fent to hir, and of Secretary Lethingtoun., quho had Cent to hir Robert Melvtll for that Purpofe: So thnre was a Procuratioun given to the Lords Undefay and Ruthveny by the Quene, to give up and refign the Rule ot the Realme, in Prefence of the States. The fecond Wryte was, to ordain the Erie of Murray Regent, during the Prince's Minority, if he Would accept the Charge : And in cafe he retufed, jhe L 1 111 3 Duke 412 The Hijlorie of the Reformatwun L i b. V. Duke Chattellaranlt, the Eries of Lenox, Jrgyle, Atkok, Mortoiiyiy Qei2cain:e and Man fould govern conjoyntly. Thefe Wrytes vv'er publifched the 29th of July i$6j. at the Merkat-Crofs (5f Edinhmgh ; then at SthTwg was the Prince crowned King, quhare 'Johne ifwjc'iiiaid Jthe Sermon. The Erie Mortoiin, and the Lord Hume, took the Oath for the Ring, that he fould conftantly lyvc in the Profeffioun of the trew Religioun, and maintain it; and that he fould govern the Kingdom according to the Law thareof, and do Juftice equally to all. In the Beginning of yf<;gz//, the Erie M/z/rrt;- being fent for, Cometh Home. In all Hafte he vifitts the Quene at Locbkum, ftrives to draw the Lords that had taken Part with the HamUtoum, or wer Neuters, to joyn with thofe that had bound thamefelfis to ftand for the Ring's Authority : He was very earneft ■with divers, by Reffoun of their old Friendfchip, but to little Purpofe. The Gcthof y^«g«/?, hereceaved the Regency, efter mature and ripe Deliberatioun, at the Defire ot the Quene, and Lords that wer for the King, and fo was pu- bli6lly proclaimed Regent, and Obedience fchewed unto hnn, by all that flood for the young Ring. The End of the Hiftory of the Church of Scotland, till the Yeir 15^7. and Month of Augufl. 413 The Copie of A L E T T R E Deliuered To the Ladie Marie, Regent O F SCOTLAND, FROM JOHN JK:NqX Minifter ofGoddes Worde, in the Yeare of our Lord 1556, and nowc augmented, and cx- planed by the Author, in the Yearc ot our Lord 1558. To the excellent Ladie Marie Dowagier Regent of Scotland. H E caufe mouing me, right honorable, to prerent this my li;pplica- ' tion vnto your grace, enlarged and in fome places exptaned ' (which being in the realme of ScotUvd'm the mone b of Maia ' I 556.1 caufed tobe prefented to your grace) is the incredible rage ' of fiich as beare the title of Bifhoppes, who againft all iuftice and ' equitie, have pronounced againft me a moft cruell fentence, • condemning my bodie to fire, my foule to damnation, and all doctrine taught • by me to be falfe, deceauable,and hereticall. If this iniury did lende loxne aJone, M m m 01 m haiuing 414 ^^ ^^^^ Regent of Scotland. * Iiauing the teftiinonie of agoodconfcience, withfilence I could pafle the raater, ' being aflured, that liich as they curfe and expell their fynagoges for fuch caufes, * fhall God blefTe, and Chrift lefus receiue, in his eternall focietie. But conlider- ' ing that this their blafphemi . is vomited furth againft the eternall truthe of Chriftes ' Euangile, ( wherof it hath pleafed the greate mercie of God to make me a mini- ' Iter ^ I can not ceafe to notifie, afwell to your grace, as unto them, that fo litle I * am aftVayed oi their tyrannicall and furmifed fentence,that in place of the plflure ' ( if God impede not my purpofe) they (hall haue the bodie to juftifie that ' dodlrine, which they ( members of Satan ) blafphemouflie do condemne. Adver- * tifing your grace in ihe mean time, that from them, their fentence, and tyrannic, * and from all that lift mainteine them in the fame, I do appeale toalauliill and * generall Counfell ; befechinge your grace to take in good part, that 1 call you for ' witnefle, that I have required the libertie of the tonge, and my caufe to be hard * before your grace, and the bodie of that Realme, before that any fuch procefle * was laid againfl me. As this my lettre directed to your grace doth teftifie.'! Ihe Begimtifig of the Lettre. ^ HE eternal] providence of the fame God, who hath appointed hischo- ^ D ITT 10 N, HEreof ye can not be ignorant. For befTdes thefe, whom ye heare from time to time, moft cruelly to be murthered in Prawce, Italie^ Spayn^ Flanders^ and now of late yeares befides you in £M^/aw, oi Mofes, of tUe Prophets, of Chrift lefus, and of his Apoftles, and yet the original worlde pe- riftied by .i^ater, Sodome and Gutnorra by fier, delcending from heauen, I'harao and his adherentes in the Read Sea -, The citie of lerufalem, the hole narion of the lewei by punilhmentesand plag'ies, notwithftandinge that the hole multitudcryed.T/jMM Tiewe doBrine^ thu is Urtjie, and tendeth to fedition. Our petition is, that our dottnne may be tryed by the playn word of God, that libertie be granted to vs, to vtter and declare our myndes, at large in euerie article and poyni, which now are in con- trouerfie, which if yedenie, geuing e^re to Chriftes ennemies (whocontemne his doftrine for herelie) ye fhall drink the cup of Goddes vengeance with them. But now to the former lettre. z i:t r R s. * T Doubte not, but the rumors which hauecommen to your graces eares of me * \ haue bene fuch, that if all reportes were true, I were vnworthie to liue in the * earth, and wonder it is that the voices of the multitude ihuld no fohaue inflamed * your graces hart with iufte hatred of fuch a one as I am aceuftd to be, that all ac- * cefle to pitie Ihuld haue bene Ihut up. 1 am traduced as an heretike, accufed as ' a falfe teacher and feducer of the people, befidcs other opprobries, which (afhrm- * ed by men of worldiie honour and eflimation) may eafelie kyndle ihe wrath of * mcgiftrates, where innocencie isnot knowen. Butbleffedbe God the father of * onr Lord lefus Chrift, who by the dewe of his heauenlie grace, hath fo quenched ' the fier of difpleafure as yet in your graces hart (which of late dayes I haue vn- * derftaude) that Satan is fruftrat of his interprife and purpole. Whiche is to my * hart no fraall comfort. Not fomuch (God is witnefte} for any benefit that I can ' receiue in this miferable life by proteftion of any earthlie creature (for the cuppe * which it behoueth me to drynke, is appinted by the wifdome of hym whofe * counfels are not changeable,) as that I am for that benefit, which I am affured * your grace fhall receue, if that ye continue in lyke moderation and clemencie * towardes others, that moft vniuftlie are, and fliall be accufed, as that your grace * hath began towardes me and my moft defperate caufe. That is, if that by ' godlie wifdome ye fhall ftudie to bridle the furie and rage of them, who for the * maintenanceof their worldiie pompe, regarde nothingethe cruel murthering of * fimple innocentes : then fhall he, who doth pronounce mercie to appertein to ' the mercifull, and promifeth that a cuppe of cold water geuen for his name's ' fake fhall not lacke reward, firft caufs your happie gouernement to pe praifed ia ' this prefent age, aqd in poflerities to come, and laft recoropenfe your godlie ! paynes To the Regent of Scotland. 4.17 * paynesaiid ftudiewith that ioye and glorie, which the eye hath not feen nor yet can entre iaio the hart of raortall creature. ADDITION. JF Chrifles words were efteemed true, that of euerie ydle word ao accotnpt (hall 1 j^^ jT l'"^ ^^^^ nothing is fo fecretlie done, which fhall not come to know- ledge and light, I fuppofe that the tongues of men fliuld be better bridled then impudently to fpeak theirplejfure in matters vnknowen. For albeit that the true teare ot God Ihuld not moue them to fpeake truths, yet wold I thinke(if any fparke of humanitie remained) that worldlie Ihame ihuld impede them to lie. W hen rta- foning* was before your grace what man it was that preached in Aire, and diuers men were in diuers opynion, fome affirming that it was an Er^lijhman, and feme fuppofiiig the contrerie, A prelat not of the leafl pride, faide, Nay, no EnghHi- *» felfe. Againft God it is, that for the commandement of any prince, be he ne- uer fo potent, men (hall commit idolatrie, embrace a religion which God hath not approued by his word, or confirme by their filence wicked and blafphemous lawes, made againft the honour of his maieftie. Men, I fay, that fo do, geue no true obe- dience, but as they are apoftates from God, fo are they traitors to their princet. whom by flatterie they confirme in rebelling againft God. Onlie they which to the death refill fuch wicked lawes and decrees, are acceptable to God, and faithful! to their princes. As were the three children in the prefence of Nabuchadmxor^ and Daniel in thedayes of Darius (the Perjian Emperor) whofe conftant and free confeP fioH as it glorified God, fo did it notifie afwell to thofe tyrannes, as to all ages following the greate blafphemie, which in their rage and furie they committed a- gainft God, from the which (by all appearance) neither of both fo fodeinlie Ihuld haue bene called, if the three children hade bowed amonge the reft, and Dattielhad not declared the confeflion of his faith. Which was, with wyndoes open to praye towardes lerufalem^ manifeftlie tberbie declaring, that he did not content to the blafphemoufe lawe, and decree, which was eftablifhed by the king and his counfell. Experience hath taught vs what furmifes and blafphemies the aduerfaries of Ghrift lefiis, of his eternall veritie, do inuent and deuife againft fuch, as beginne to detefte their impietie. They are acculed to be authors of fedition, raifersof tumults, vi- olatours of common orders, &c. I anfwer with the prophet Jfaie .• That all is not reputed before God fedition and coniuration, which the foolifh multitude fo eftemeth, neither yet is euerie tumult and breatch of publike order contrarip to Goddes commandement. For Chrift lefus himfelfe, cqmining to ryue the fpoile from the ftrong armed, who before did kepe his houfe in quietnes, is not comraen to fend peace but a fworde, and to make a man difaflent from his father, (S'c. Hi^ Prophetes before him, ahd Apoftles after him, feared not to breake publike or- ders, eftablilhed againft God, and in fo doing, to moue, as it were, the one half of peoples, nations, and cities againft the other. And y^t I truft that none, ex- cept the biered feruant of Satan, will accufe Chrift of fedition, nor his Apoftle* of the troub ing of common-welthes. True it is, that the moft holfome medicine, moft troubleth for a time the bodie repleniihed with wicked and corrupted hu- mours, butthecaufe herof isTcnowen to be, not in the medicine, but in the bodie fubieft'to maladie; euen lb the true word of God, when it entreth to fight where Satan hath borne dominion, (as he ftill doth in the hole ,papiftrie) cannot but ap- peare to be occafion of greate trouble. But Madame, more profitable it is, that the p ettilent humours be e:tpelled withe paine, then that they be noriflied to the de- ftrudion of the bodie. The papifticall religion is a motrtal peftilence, which ftall affuredlie bring to death eternally the bodies and foules, from 'the which, it is oiot purged in this life. And therefore take hede betimes. God calleth vpop you, be- ware thatyelhut no vp your eares. ludge not the mater after the vilitie df my bodie, wiiomGod lath appointed embalTadour, and mfeflager vnto you, but witti reuerence To the Regent of Scotland. 41^ leuercnce and teareconfider himi whofe mefTage I beare. I conrw to you in t e name ot the eternall God, audofChrift Icfus his fonne, to whom the father hath committed all power, whom he hath eflabliihed fouerein ludge ouer all fitfh, be- fore whof- throne ye muftmake accomptes, with what reuerence ye heare {ud^ as he fendeib. It Ihali not eicufe you to fay or think, that ye doubt, wlicther I be fcnt of God or no. I crie vnto you that the religion, which the princes and blind- «d papilies mainteine with fier and fvvorde, is not the religion of Chritl. That your proude prelates ar« none of Chriltes bilhoppes, I admonilh you that Chriftea flocke is opprelfed by them, and therefoie I rcquier, and that yet againe in the name of the Lord lefus, that with indifterencie 1 may be hard to preache, to reafon, and to difpute in thai cauie, whiche if ye denie, ye declare your fclfe to beare DorcHe- rence to Ctirifl, noi loue to his true religion. LE T r R I^. ' W^^ ^^ thtnke paraduenture, that the care of religion is not committed to * D Magiflrates, but to the bilhoppes and eftat ecclefiafticdll, as they ternie it. < But deceiue oot your fdfe. For th. negligence of bilhoppes ftiall no \efre be ret * le^uiredof ibehandes of Magiftretes, then Ijiall the opprpflion of faife iudgesu * For they iniuftlie promote, fofter and mainteine the one and the other. Ihe falle * »nd corrupt iudg; do fpoile the goodes, and opprefle the bodies of the fimple, but * the proude prelates do kinges niaimein tomurther the foules, for the which th^ * blood of Chrift lefus was ftied. And that they do, either by wit.. holding from? * thera the true word of life, or elles by caufing teache vnto them a peftilent * dottrine, fuch as now is taught in the papifticall thurrfaes. I know that ye won- * der how that thereligion, which is vniuerfklie receiued, can be fo damnable and * corrupted. But if your grace fhall conlider that euer from the beginning, the roul- ' titude hath declined from God (yea, even in the people, to whom he Ip'akeby his * Lawe and Prophetes) if ye Ihali confider the complaint of the HolieGhoft, com- * plaining that nations, people, princes, and kinges of the«arth haue raged, made ^ Gonfpiracies, and holden counfels againft the Lord, and againfl his anointed ^ Chrilt lefcis .• Further, if ye fhall confider the queftion, which lefus himfelf doth ' moue in thefe wordes, when the Jon of man JliaU come, Jball he finde faitb in the eartbf, ^ And lalt, if your grace fhall gonlider the manifefl contempt of God and of all * his holie preceptes, which this day reigne without punifhment vpon the face of * the hole earth : Fox as Hojeas complaineth, there is no veritie, there is no mer- * cie, there is no truthe this day among men, hut lies, periurie, and oppreflion ^ ouerflow all, and blood touchelh blood, that is, euerie iniquitie is ioyned to ai\- < other. Yf depeJie, 1 fay, your grace fhall contemplate the vniueriall corrupti- ^ on, that thisdey reigneth in all efiates, then Ihall your grace ceafe to wonder, ? that many are caUsd and fewe cbofen. And }*e thai! beginne to tremble and feare, * to foUowe the multitude to perdition- The vniuerfall defeflion, whenoiix.Paule * did prophecie, iseafietobe efpied, afwell in religion as in maners. The cor- f ruption of life is euident, and religion is not iudged, nor meafured by theplaine * word of God, but by cuftome, confuetude, will, confent, and determinations ^ of men. But fhall he who hath pronounced all cogitations ofmanns hart to be * va ine at all times, accept the counfeU and confents of men for a religion pleaf- f ing and acceptable before him ? Let not your grace be deceiued. God cannot ^ lie, God cannot denie himfelfe. He hath witnelTed from the begynning, that no i religion pleafethhim, except that, which he by his owne word hath commanded * and eflablifhed. The veritie itfelfe pronounceth this fentence .- In vaine do they •* worfhippe me, teaching dodrines the preceptes of men. And alfo all plantation, f whiche my heauenlie father hath not planted, fhall be roted owt. Before the * romming of his welbeloued fbnne in flefhe, feuerelie he punifhed all fuch, as ' durfl interprife to alter or chaunge his ceremonies and flaiutes, as in laule, yafws^ ' Nadab Abiv^ is to be redd . And will he now, after that he hath opened his { counfell to the worlde by his onlie fonne, whom he commandeth to be heard, N n n n n 2 • aa«i 420 To the Regent of Scotland. • and after that by his Holie Spirit, fpeaking in his Apoftles, he hath eftablifhed ' the religion, in which he will his true worlhippers abide to the end; will he now, • I fay, admitte inennes iniientions in the mater of religion which he reputed for • damnable idolatrie ? Yf man and angels wold affirme that he will, or may do it, • his own veritie ftiall conuicte them of a lie. For this fentence he pronounceihi • Not that which femeth good in thy eyes, Ihalt thou do to the Lord thy God, • but that which the Lord thy God hath commanded thee, that do thou .• Adde • nothinge vnto it, dirainilhe nothing from it. Which, fealing vp his newe Tef- « lament, he repeteth in thefe wordes ; That which ye haue, holde till I come, Cc. • And therefore yet againe, it repenteth me not to fay, that in this point, whiche • is chefe and principall, your grace muft diflaflent from the multitude of Rulers, « 01 eiles ye can poflefle no portion with Chrift lefus in his kingdom andglorie. J D B II 10 N. -rrNow by what craft Satan laboreth continuallie to kepe the world -in blindnes, JV I added thefe two former pointes, to witt, that ye Ihuld not thinke yout ielte free from the reformation of religion, becaufe ye haue bilhoppes within yout Realme, neither yet that ye Ihuld iudge, that religion moft perfedt, which the multitude by wrong cuftome hath embraced. In thefe two pointes doth Satan bufilie trauaile. Firft that no ciuil Magiftrat prefume to take cognition in the caufe of religion : for that muft be deferred to the determinations of the church. Secondarilie, that impollible it is, that that religion (huld be falfe, which fo long time fo many counfels, and fo greate a multitude of men, fo diuers nations and realmes haue allowed, authorifed and confirmed. What is the dutie of Magiftrates, and what power the people hath in fuch cafes granted by God, my purpofe is to write in a feuerall lettre to the nobilitie and eftates of the Realme $ and therfore to avoyde tedioufnefs andrepitition of one thing, 1 now fuperfede. And as touching the lecond, ifyerightlie confiderthe teftimonies of Scriptures, which I haue be- fore adduced, I truft ye Ihall find that obiedtion fufficientlie anfwered. For if the opinion of the multitude oght alwayes to be preferred, then did God iniurie to the originall world. For they were all of one minde, to witt, coniured againft God (except Noah and his familie) And if antiquitie of time fliall be confidered in fuch cafes, then ftiall not onlie the idolatrie of Gentiles^ but alfo the falfe religion of Jlfafeowet be preferred to the pa piftrie For both the one and the other, is more auncient then is the papifticall religion ; yea, Mabomet had eftabliftied his Alcoran^ before any pope in Rome was crowned with a triple crowne. But as touching an- tiquitie, I am content with Tertulliait to fay, Let that be the moft pure and perfeil religion^ which jJ)all be proved moft auncient. For this is a chefe point, wherin 1 will ieyne with all the papiftes in the earth .- that their religion (fuch as it is this day) is not of fuch antiquitie, as is that, which we contend to be the true and onlie religion acceptable before God, neither yet that their church is the Catholike- church, but that it is of late dayes in refpeft of Chriftes inftitution, crept in and deuifed by man, and iherfore am bold to affirme it odious and abominable. For this is our chefe propofition that in the religion of God, onlie ought his owne word to be confidered. That no authoritie of man nor angell oght in that cafe to be refpefted. And as for their counfels, when the mater ftiall come to triall, it fliall be eafelie feen, for whom the moft godlie, and moft auncient counfels flialJ moltplainlie fpeake. I will proue by a counfel that of more authoritie is the fentence of one man (founded vpon the fimple truth of God) then is .the determina- tion of the hole counfel without the affurance of Goddes worde. _But that all their determinations which we impugne, are not onlie mainteined without any afliir- ance of Scriptures, but alfo are eftabliftied againft the truth of the fame: Yea, and for the moft part againft the decrees of the former counfels, I ofier my felfe euident- lie to proue. But nowe Ihortlie to the reft of the former lettre. LEIIRB To the Kcgim of 6cocund. 4.21 7. E r r R i:. • AN orator, and GodJes m-fEiger alfo, iuftlie might rccjiiier of you nowe (by ' Goddts hand promoted to high dfgnitie) a motheilie piiiu vpon your fub- • iedes •• a iuftice inflexible to hJM?i the Romain Emperour replenilhed with flatterers, faid. Of their matters it majbe efpied, that more they worjhippe the Jceptre avd the purple then God-, Signifying that they litle regarded, whether the Emperour was godlie or vngodlie, fo that they might reteine themfelves in fauour with him. Albeit that thcfe were Ethnikes, and nether hade knowledge of God, as we pretend, nether had geuen fb playn a confellion to declare themfelves enneinies to all iniqui- tie (as we haue done by baptifme, and by our hole profeflion of Chriftianitie ) yet do their wordes damne no fmall nomber of vs, and cheflie of fuch as be con- uerfant with princes. For who in thefe miferables dayes iudgethhimfelfe to haue offended, albeit he praife, alowe, and mainteine what foeuer the princes and vp- pet powers deuife ; yea althogh it be to opprefle, and to fpoyle the poore, to pull from them their tkittnes, and, as the Prophet fayeth, to break their bones, and to ait them in pieces, as pJJ) for the caldron or pot. Yet I fay, That the princes fhall not lacke iudges to crie, It is right, it is for the common-welth, for dcfenfe of the realme, andeafe of the fubiedes. So that the eftat of times is eucn now fuch, as when the prophet complained, faying, The princes aske^ and the iudge is redie to geue, Tiothis owve but the life and bhod.ofthe poore. Howe loon a greate man hath fpokert the corruption of his minde, he hath his flatterers redy to applaude, and confirme what foeuer he fpeaketh. And let the princes be of what religion they i)leafe, that is all one to the moft part of men, fo that with abnegation of God, of his honour, and religion, they may retein the friendfliippe of the court. Rut alas howe mi(e- cable be princes that fo are abufed, and how contagious a pcftilence be fuch flat- terers to common-weUhss, empires, and realmes, God hach declared euen frome the 0 o 0 o o beginning ^22 ^0 the Kcgent of Scotland. beeinninge, to pa)Mit owt the tnifchief, which from them procedeth to fuch as geue eare vnto them, f he auncient writers compare them to harlottes, to rauens, and to more rauenous beaftes, and not without caufe. For as harlottes can neuer abide, that their loaers Ihud returr.e to repentance and fobernes of minde, fo cannot flat- terers fuftein, that fuch as they deceiue Ihall come to right iudgement. And as ra- uens pyke ovjt the eyes of dead carions, and as rauenous beaftes deuoure the fame, fo do flattsrers ( being more cruel ) pyke at the eyes of liuipg men, and blynding the eyes of their vnderftandingand iudgement, do expone them to be deuoured in bodie and foule to Satan. This we haue by profane writers onlie, but the Holy Spirit taught vs this infallible truth, That where iniquitie reigneth in a common- welth and none is found boldlie and openlie to reprehend the fame, that there (hall fodein vengeance and diftrudion followe. For thus is it writen, and pronounced by the prophet Hzechiel^ Shalt thouwt hdge the citie of blood, which hath made idols ^ whofe rulers fied blood to the vtter vioftoj their power ? they have defpijed my holie things^ they haue deuifed iniquitie, and haue perfourmed the fame. The coniuration of Fropheta hath gathered vp the riches, and what Joeuer is precious within the fame. The priejles vio- lentli» haue tome and rent my lawe. The people of the land hath wrought deceitfullie. They haue oppreffed tbepoore, and haue done violence to the Jirangier vithuut iudgement, and I hauefught oj them a man to reparethe hedge, and to Jlande in thegappe before me, but J haue founde none. Therefore haue 1 poured Jurth my wrath vpon them, and in the fer of viy hote difpleafure 1 haue confumed them. Aduert Madame, for thefe are not the wordes of mortall man, but of the etemall God, and were not fpoken againft leru- falem onlie, but againft euerie realme and nation, that fo off^endeth. I'he finnes that here be named, are idolatrie in all, avarice and ciueltie in the princes and ru- lers coniuracion of the prophetes to defend the wicked, deceit, fraude, and vio- lence in the common people ^ and finallie, An uniuerfall filence of all man, none being founde to reprehend thefe enormities. Wolde to God, that I might with fafe- tieof confcience excufe you, your counfel, and the idolaters of that realme, from any of thefe crimes afore named. The idolatrie which is committed, ismoreeui- dent then that it can be denyed ; the auarice and crueltie, afwell of your felfe, as of fuch as be in authoritie, may be known by the fadles. For fame carieth the voicei of the poore ( oppreffed by intolerable taxes) not only to vs here, inaftrangecoun- trie, but I am affured, to the eares oftheGodof hoftes. The confpiracie and con- iuration of your falfe prophetes is knowen to the world, and yet is none founde fo faithfuU to God, nor mercifull to your grace, that freely will and dare admonilh you, to repent before that God rife nymfelf in iudgment. When I name repentance, I meane no outward fhewe of holines, which commonlie is founde in hypocrites, but I meane a true converfion to the Lord God from your hole hart, with a damn- ing all fuperftion and idolatrie. In which ye haue bene norilhed, which with your . prefence ye haue decored, and to your power mainteined and defended. Onles, I fay, that this poyfon be purged from your hart, ( be your outward life neuer fo glittering before the tfforld ) yet in the prefence of God, it is but abominable. Yea ' further, 1 fay, That where this venome of the ferpent ( idolatrie I mean ) lurketh in the hart, it is impolTible, but that at one time or other, it (hall produce peftilent fruites, albeit paraduenture not openly before men, yet before God no lefle odious, then thefaftes of murtherers, publicanes and harlottes-, and therefore in mj' for- mer lettre, I faid, That fuperfluous it was to requir reformation of maners, where the religion is corrupted. Which yet again I repete, to the end that your grace more depely may weye the mater. But now to the reft of the fame njy former lettre. LETTRE. J Am not ignorant how dangerous a thing it appeareth to the natural man, to in- * nouate any thing in maters of religion, and partly I confider, that your ' grace's power is not fo free, as a publick reformation perchance wold requier. But ' if your grace fhall confider the danger and damnation perpetual, which ineuita- * hU hangeth vpon all mainteiners of a falfe reljgion, then ihall the greateft, dan- * ger eafeiy dcuour and fwallow vp ih. linaller. Yf your grace Ihall conlider, thac ethef To the Rgm of Scotland. 403 eiher ye mult ferue God to life euerlalling. or elles feme tlie world to dea:h and damnation ; tlim albeit that man and ai;gell OiulJ difTiade you, ye will all dignity perifhing with himfelf. For albeit the vfurped abufe, or rather tyranny of feme realmes, hate permitted women to fuccede to the honour of their fathers, yet muft their glory be tranf- ferred to the houfe of aflranger. And fo I fay, That with himfelf was buried his name, fucttflon and royall dignity ; and in this, if ye efpy nor the arger and bote difplealure of Grd (threatning you and the rtit of ycur pcfterity with the fame plage ) ye are more obftinate, then I wold wifli you to be. I wold ye fhuld pori- derand confider depely with yourfelf, that Grd vfcth rot to purifh rcaln.es ard rations, with fuch rare plages without great caufe; nether vfeth le to rcltore foho- nours ard glorj' the houfe. which he begirneth once to deiedt, till repentance of the former crimes be found. Ye may parchjnce doubt what crimes fhuld haue bene in your hulband, you, or the realme, for the which God Ihuld fo greuoufly haue pu- ..;.. O 0 0 0 0 2 niiljtd 424 To the Regent of Scotland. nifhed you. I anfwer, The maintenance and defence of moft hoirible idolatrj'-, with rhe (bedding of the blood of the fainres of God, who laboured to notifie and rebuke the fame. This I fay, (other iniquities omitted ) is fuch a crime beture the eyes of his maiefty, that for the fame he hath poured furth his extreme vengeance vpon kings, and vpon their pofterity, depriuing them from honours and dignity for euer : As by the hJftorie5 of the bokes of thekinges is moft enident. To lero- boam it is faid, Becaafe I haiie exalted the from the niiddej} of the people, and haile made' the prince ouer my penpli Krdei, I haue rent the khido?n from the hoiife of David for' idoUtrk dfo, and h.uiegiiten it z'wto the ; but thou ha[I not bene as Dauid my feruante^ See. But thou ha/i done wickedly aboue all that haue gone before the. For thou huH madd to the other goddes, and 7}tolte7i images to provoke me, and ha[i cafl me behynd thy backe. Therefore Jl)alll bring affii'ciion vpon the houfe of lerohodim, and I fiall de/lroytohioboant all that piffeth againfl the wall (fignifying therby the male children ) and fiallcajf furth the pojleritie o/Ieroboam, as dung is cajl furth till it be confumed. This fentence' was not only executed againft this idolater, but alfo againft the reft of idolaters in' thatrealme, as they fucceded one after another : For to Baafa, whom God vfed a^ inftrument to root owt the fede of leroboam, it is faid, Becaufe thou haji walked in the Tpay o/Ieroboam, and haft cavjed my people Ifrael fyn, that thoujbuldeji provoke mi in their fynnes : Therefore fiall I cut down the pojleritie of Baafa, and the pofteritie of bit houfe ahdfiall make thy houfeas the houfe of lerohoam. He that Jball die to Kaafa ik the citie hym Jball dogges eat, and he that shall die in the field, hym shall thefowles deuouri. Of the fame cup, and for the fame caufe, drank Ela and Acbab, yea and the po- fterity of lehu, following the footfteppes of their forefathers. By thefe examples you may euidently efpie, that idolatry is the caufe why God deftroyeth the pofte- rity of princes. Not only of thofe that firft invent abominations, but alfo ©f fuch as follow and defend the fame. Conlider, Madam, That God hath begonne very fharply with you, taking from you, as it were togither, two children and a husband. He hath begonne, 1 fay, to declare hymfelf angrie, beware that ye pro- voke not the eyes of his maiefty. It will not be the hawty lokes of the proud, the ftrength of your frendes, nor multitude of men, that can iuftifie your caufe in his prefence. Yf ye prefume to rebell againft hym, ( and againft hym ye rebell, yf ye deny my moft humble requeft, which I make in his name ; and it is this : With the hafard of myne own life, I offer to proue, that religion which now ye main* tein, to be falfe, deceiuabie and abomination before God: And that I fhall do by mofl evident teftimonies of his blelTed, holie and infallible word.) If this, 1 fay, ye denie, ( rebelling againft God ) the fauour of your frendes ftiall litle auail youj when he fhall declare himfelf ennemy to you, and to your pofieritie: Which, aflure your ftlf, he fhall fhortly do, if ye beginne to difplay the baner of your malice a- gainft him. Let not the profperitie of others, be they princes, queues, kinges, or emperours, bolden )'ou to contemne God and his louing admonition. They fhall drinke the cup of his wrath, euery one in their rank, as he hath appointed them. No realme in thefe quarters ( except it that next lieth to you } hath he fo manifeftly ftri( ken with his terrible rod, as he hath done you and your realme : And there- fore it becometh you firft to ftowp, except that ye will haue the threatnings, pro- nounced by Ijaie the prophet, ratified vpon you ; to wit,That yourfodeine deftruBion be as the rotten wall, and your breaking as the breaking of a potsherd, which is broken without pitie ; fo that no portion of it can be found able ether to caryfyer or water. Wher- bie the prophete doth fignifie, that the proud contemners of God, and of his admo- nitions, fhall fo perilhefrom all honours, that they fhall haue nothing worthieof memoriall behinde them in the earth. Yea, if they do leaue any thing, as it fhall fee vnprofitable, fo (hall it be in execration and hatred to the ele£l pf God. And therefore thus procedeth my former lettre. L^TT RE, HOwe dangerous that ever it fhall appeare to the flefhe, fo obey God, and fs ' make warre againft the deuilJ, the prince of darknes, pride and fuperfli-. ' tion ; yet if your grace looke to haue your felf and fede to continue in honoiilc worldlie To the Rigcm of Scotland. 425 -r* ■ - ■■■■■■ ' worldlie and euerlafling, fiibieft your lelf by times vnder the hand of him, that is * omnipotent, tmbratc his wili,delpife no: his Teftamenr, reinfe not hisgraas ot- * frcd. When he calleth vpon you, vviihdravve not youre are. Be not led away with * the vain opinion that your church cannot erre. Be ye moft afluredlie periuaded, ' that fo i-AXXQ as in life ye fc them degenerate from ChriUes true Apoft les, fo in re- * ligion are they further corrupted. Lay the bokeoi God before \our eyes, and kc ' it be judge to that which I fay. W hich if ye with fear and reuerence obey, as did ' I'ps the admonitions of the prophetefle, then Ihall he ( by whom kivget do reigve) * crowne your battel! with double benedittion, and reward you with wifdome, ' riches, glorie, honour, and long life in this your regiment temporal), and with lite ' euerlaftiiig, when the King of all kinges ( whofe men^bres now do crie for your * helpe) the Lord lefus Ihall appear to iudgement, accompanied with his Argelle?, ' before whom ye (hall niake accoinpte of your preftnt regiment, when the jH/iid * and difobedient (hall crie, Mour.u'mei fall vpon vi and hyde vs from the fice of tbs ' Lord. But then it fliall be to late, becuafe they contemned his voice, when he io- * uinglycalhd. * God the Father of our Lord lefus Chrift, by the power of his Holie Spirit, * moue your hart fo to confider, and accept the thinges that be faid, that they be * not a teftimonie of your jufl condemnation, in that great day ot the Lord lefus, ' to whofe omnipotent Spirit I vnieignedlie commit your grace. JT> T> I r 10 N. V ' Yhen Lrewie the prophet, at the commandement of God, had writen the fer- mons, threatnings and plagues, which he had Ipoken againft Ifrael and Iit- da, and had commanded them to bereddeby Bjriich his fcribe, becaufe himfelf was eicommunicared, and forbidden to entre into the temple^ by the prouidence of God, it came to paffe, that Micheas the lonne of Gjot(j/w, hearing the fnid lermons, pjflf-d to the kinges houfe, and did communicate the marer with the reft of the princes, who alfo after they had redde the fame volume of Ieremie\ preachinges, did not concele the truth from king hhoiakim^ who then did reign in leruj'alem. But the pioude and defperate prince, commanding the boke to be redde in his prefence, before he hard three or four leaues of the fame, did cut it and calt it into the fier, notwirhftanding that fome of the princes ( I thinke not all ) made requeft in the contrarie. But the prophet was charged by God to write again, and to fay to le- hoiakim the king, Thusjaieth the Lord, Thou haft burnt this boke., faynig^ Why hajl then writen in it accordivg to this fenteitce ? Jjjuredlie the king of Babylon shall covie, avd shall deftroye this land, and sha I make it voide oj y,: en and bcaftes. Thercfcre thus Jaieth the Lord oj lehoiakim the king, there shall not be one left alive to Jit in the feat "/Dauid. Their carcafes shall be cail to the heate of the day, and to the frojl of the vight ( wherbie the prophet did fignifie themofi: vile contempt, a.id moft cruel! torment) and I ihall vijit the iniquetie (f himjelfe, of his fede and Jervants., and I shall brivg upon them, and vpouthe itihabiters of leiuia.\em, and vpon all luda, all the calamities vhich Ihaitefpoken , againft them. Albeit they wold not heare. 'I his is not writen, Madame, for thai time onlie, but to afTure vs, that the like punifliment abideth the like contemners, of what eftate, condition, or degree that euer they be. I did write vnto you before, fiauing teftiir.onie of a good confcienre, that I did it in the fcaie of my Gcd. and by the motion of his Holie Spirit (for the requefi: of faithful! I reihren, in ihirges lawful! and perteining ts Goddes glorie, I cannet but iudge to be the voice ot the KolieGholt) but how yedidacrepte the fame my forftier writing, 1 do not o'her- wife then byconiefluresundeiftand } whether ye did reade it to the end or rot, lam vncerteine: One thing I know, that ye did delyuer it to one of your prelates, fay- ing. My lord, XFillye reade a Vafquill? As charitie perfuadeth me to interpret thinges (doubtfully fpoken) in the beft fence, fo ni}' dutie to God (w)io bath command- ed me to flatter no prince in the earth) compelleth ire to fay, tliat if no more ye efieme the admonition of God, nor thecardinalles dothe fcffirg of pa(quilles,that then he Ihall Ihortly fend you melTagers, with whcme ye fhall not be able on that maner to ielt. If my perfon be confldered, I grant my threatninges are no more P p p p p to 426" To the Regent of Scotland. to be feared, then be the merie fportes, whiche fearfull men do father vpon Tufquil- his in Rome. Kut Madame, if ye Ihall depelie confider, that liod vfech men (yea and moft comraonlie ihofe that be of loweft degree, and moft abiedt before the world) to be his meflagers and ambalTadours, not only to notifie his will to the fimple people, bat alfo to rebuke the moft proude tyrannes and potent princes j then will ye not iudge the liquour, by the outward apparance and nature of the veflell. For ye are not ignorant, that the molt noble wine is inclofed within the tunne made of fraill wood, and that t;ie precious oyntement is often kept within the pot made of claye. Yf further ye ihall confider, that God will do nothing touching the punilh- ment of realmes and nations, which he will not revele to his feruantes the pro- phetes, whofe tonges he will compell to fpeake, fometimes contrarie to the appe- tites and defires oi their ownhartes ; and whofe wordes he will performe, be they neuer fo vnapparant to the iudgement of men. Yf thefe ye do depelie wey, then will ye leare the thing, whiche prefentlie is not feen. Eliu was but a man, as St. lamet doth witnefTe, like to his brethren :, and yet at his praier was Acbab the idola- ter, and all Ifraell with him, punilhed three yeares and iix monethes, God Ihutting vp the heauen, that nether rayne nor dewe fell vpon the earth the fpace afore- writen. And in the end, God fo wroght by hym, that Baaks prieftes were firft coniounded, and after iuftlie punished- And albeit that lefabel foght his blood, and by othe had determined his death 5 yet, as she was frultratof her intent, fo could she not kepe her owne bones from the dogges ; which- punishment, the pro- phete (God fo ruling his tonge) had before appointed to that wicked woman. Al- beit Madame, that the melTagers of God are no: fend this day with vifible miracles ; becaule they teache none other do£l;rine, then that which is confirmed with miracles, frome the beginning of the world ^ yet will not he ( who hath promifed to take charge ouer his poore and litle flocke, to the end) fufFer the contempt of their em- balTade, efcape punishment and vengeance. For the Truth it lelfe hath faid. He that hearetb you, heareth ?««, avd he that contemnetb you, contemveth me. I did not Ijieake vnto you, Madame, by my former lettre, nether yet do I now, as Pafquillns doth to the Pope, and his carnall cardinalles, in the behalf of fuch as dare not vt- ter their names ; but I come in the name of Chrift lefus, affirming, that the reli- gion, which ye maintein, is damnable idolatrie •, the which I ofFre my felfe to proue, by the moft euident teftimonies of Goddes fcriptures. And in this quarrell 1 pre- fent my felfe againft all the papiftes within the realme, defiring none other ar- more, hut Goddes hoi ieworde, and the libertie of my tonge. God moue your hart to vnderftand my petition, to knowe the truth, and unfeignedlie to follow the lame. uiMEN. Revel. I OH. Chap. xxi. lam the BegiJtmvg ani theEvde. I will gene to him that u a thirjl, of the well of the water of life Jrelie. He that overcommeth Jball inherit all thivges^ and I will be his God, and he foall be myfonne. But the fearfull and vnbelie- Jiitig, and the abominable, and murderers, and whooremongers, atidforcerers. and idola- ter, and all lyars f}all haue their part in the lake, whiche knmetb with fer ajidbrimjione, which is the feconde death, THE 427 THE APPELLATION O F lOHN I^NOXE, FROM The cruell and moft iniuft fontence pronounced againft him by the falfe bifhoppes and clergie of Scotland, with his fuppUcation and exhortation to the nobilitie, eftates and commonaltie of the fame realme. To theNbBiLiTiE and Estates of SCOTLAND, loHN Knoxe wiJJjeth grace-, mercie, and peace from God the father of our Lord lefiis Chrifi., vnth the fpirit of righteous iiidgenient. T is not only the loue of life temporall (right honourable) nei- ther yet the fear of corporall death, that moueth me at this prefent to expone rnto you the iniuries done againft me, and to craueof you, as of lawful powers by God appointed, re- drefle of the lame, but partly it proceedeth from that reuerence whiche everie man oweth to Godds eternal trueth, and partly from a loue which I beare to your faluation, and to the falua- tion of my bretliiJn, abufed in that realme, by fuch, as have no fear of God before their eyes. It hath pleafed God of his infinite mercie, not onlie fo to illuminate the eyes of my minde, and fo to tuche my dull hart, that P p p p p 2 dearly 428 The Appdlatton 0/ John Knox. clearly I fe, and by his grace vnfeanedly beleue, that there is Jio other name geven to men voider the heauen, in which Jaluation covjijleth, faue the vame of lefus ahne. Who by th.n Jacrijice which he did once offer vpoH the crnjfe^ hath fanBified for ever thoje that JI)M enherite the kingdom promifedi Dut alio it hath pleafed him of his fu- peraboundant grace, to make and apjiointe me moft wretched of many thoufandes a witnes, minifter and preacher of the fame dochine : the fomme whereof I did not fpare to comma')icate with my brethren b^ng with them in the realme oi' 'cotland, in the yeare i j )'6, becaufe I know my felfe to be a iteward, and that accompfs of the talent coaiinitted to ray charge,fliall be required by him who will admit no vain excufe which leirfall men pretend- I did therefore (as God did minifterj during tue tyme I was conuerfant with them (God is record and witntfle) triiely and fyncere- ly, according to the gift granted vnto me, deuide the worde of faluation, teach- inge all men to hate Syn, whiche before God was and is fo odious, that none other facrifice coulde fatisfie his iuftice, except the death of his onlie fonne, and to mag- nifie the greate mercies of our heaueolie Father, who did not fpare the fubflanGe of his own glorie, but did giue hym to the world to fufFer the ignominious and ciuell death of the croffe, by that meanes to reconcile his chofen children to hymfelfe : teaching further what is the duetie of fuch as do beleue themfelues purged by fuch a price from their former filthines. To wit, that they are bound to w.ilke in the new «ei of life, fyhtiftg againfl thi lufies ofthepshe^ and Jluifinge at all tytnes to glorifie God byjuchgood moorkes as he hath prepared his children to walke in. In dodrine I did further affirme, fo taught by my matter Chrifi: lefus, that who- foeiier denieth hym, yea, or is asham:d of hym, before this wicked generation-, hym shall Chrifi lejiis denie, and of hym shall he be ashamed, when he shall appear in his maiejlie. And therefore I feared not to affirms, that ol neceifitieit is, that fuche as hope for life euerlafting, auoiie all fuperftition, vaine religion and idolatrie -, Vaine religi- gion and idolatrie I call whatfbeuer is done in Godes feruice or honour without the exprelfe commaundement of his oun worde. This do&rine did I beleue to be fo conformable to Goddes holie fcriptures, that I thoght no creatui:e could haue been fo impudent as to hauc denied any point or ar- ticle of the fame. Yet neuerthek^ffe, me, as an heretike, and this doctrine as heri- ticall, haue your fals bifhoppes and vngodlie clergie damned, pronouncing againft me a fentence of death, in teftification whereof, they have burned a piSlure. From which fals and cruell fentence, and from all iudgement of that wicked geiie- rationl make it knowen to your honours that I appeal to a laufull and general counlil, to fuche I mean, as the moft auncicnt lawes and canones do approue to be holden^ by fuche, as whofe manifeft impietie is not to be reformed in the fame, moft humbly requiring of your hononrs, that, as God hath appointed you princes in that peopJe, and by reafon therof, requireth of your handes, the defence of inno- centes troubled in your dominion, in the meane tyme, and till the controuerfies, that this day be in religion be laufully decided, ye receaue me and fuche others; as moft vniuftlie by thofe cruell beaftes are perfecuted, in your defence and pro- teftion. ^ Your honours are not ignorant, that it is not I alone, who doth fuftaiii this caufe againft the peftilent generation of PapiPces, but that the moft part of Germa* fiie, the counttie o^Heltietia, the kinge of Dcnm.irle, the nobilitie of Polonia, togi- ther with many other Cities and Churches reformed, appeall from the tyrannie of that Antichrift, and moft earneftly do call for a laufull and general council, where- in may all controuerfies in religion be decided by the auSloritie of Goddes moft la- cred worde. And vnto this fame, as faid is, do I apeal yet once againe, requiring of your honours, to hold my fimple and playn appellation of no leffe value nor effedt, then if it had bene made with greater circumixance, folemnities, and ceremo- nie, and that ye receaue me calinge vnto you, as to the powers of God ordained, in your protection and defence againft the rage of tyrantes, not to mentaine me in any iniquite, errour, or fals opinion, but to let me haue fuch eqnitie, as God by his worde, auncient lawes, and determinations of moft godlie councils, grant to men accufed or infamed. The '£hc Jpdiation of lohii Knoxe. /s^o^ The word of God will that no in.in (hall die, except he b? found criminnll and worchie o\ dcith tor oiTence committed, of the whiche, he mull be inanifeltly (on- uided by two or three wirne/res. Ancient lavvcs do permitt iuH: defences to fir h as be acufedCbe their crimes ncuer fo horrible) and godlie counlilles will that ne- ther Bylhopp nor Perfon ecclefiafticall whatfoeiier, accrfed of any crime (hall fit in iudgement, coiifultation, orcoun/il, where thecaufc of fuch men, as do accufi; them is to be tried. Thefe chinges require I of your honours to be granted vnto me : to wit, That the doctrine which our aduerfariescondem for herefie may be tried by the fimple aiidplayn word ot God, that iu(t det-jnfes be admitted tovs that fuftain thebattaile againft this peitilent generation of Antic hrift, and that they be remoued from iudge- ment in cur caule, feinge that our accufation is not intended againft any one parti- cular perlon, but againll that hole kingdcme, which we doubt not to prone to bcapower vfvrptdagainll: God, againit hiscommuundement, and againll the or- denanceofChriit ledis eilablilhed in his Church by his chefe Apoltles: Yea, we doubt not to proue the kingdome of the Pope to be the kingdome and power ot An- tichrift. And therefore my Lordes, I cannot ceafe in the name of Chriil lefiis to require of you, that the matter may come in examination; anJ that ye the eftafes of the realnie, by your authoritie, compellfuchas will be called biihoppes, not only to defilt from their cruell murthering of fuch as do ftudie to promote Goddes glo- rie in detetliiig and difclofing the damnable impietie of that man of fyn the ^o- mam Antech.uJi, but alio that ye coinpell them to anfwer to fxhi crimes as (hall belaid to their charge for not righteouily inltructing the flock committed to their cares. But here I know two thinges fnal be doubted. The former : whether that my appellation islawfull and to be admitted, feing that I am damned as an heritike.- and fecondarelie, whether your honours be bound to defend fuch as call for 3'our fup- port in that cafe, fcing that your biihoppes (who in matters of religion, riaime all audoritie to appertaine to them) haue by their fentence allredy condemned me. The one and the other I nothing doubt moft clerely to proue. Fyrft, that my ap- pellation is moft lawful and iuft.- and fecondarely that your honours cannot refufe to defend me thus, calling for your aid, but that in fa doing, ye declare your felues rebellious to God, mentainers of murtherersand fhedders of innocent bipod. How iuft caufe I haue by the ciuile law (as tor their canon it is accurfed of God) to appeale from their vniuft fentence my purpofe is not to make long difcourfe. Oalie I will touche the poyntes which all men conefefle to be juft caufes of appella- tion. F)rft^ Laufhlly could I not be fummoned by them, being for that tyme ab- fent from their iurifdidtion, charged with the preaching of Chriftes Euangill, in 3 free citie not fubied to their tyrannie. Secondarilie To me was no intimation made of their fummondes, but fo fecrefe was their furmifeJ malice, that the copie of the fummondes being required vi'as denyed. Thirdlje, To the realme oi Scotland could I haue had no free nor fure accefle, be- ing before exiled from the fame by their vniuft tyrannie. And hjilie^ To me they nether could, nor can be competent and indifferent iu-iges; for that, before any fummondes were raifed againft me, I had accufed them by my lettres publiihed to the queue dowagier, and had intended againft them all crimes, ofFring my felf with hafard of life to proue the fame j for the which the}' are not onlie vnworthie of ecclefiafticall authoritie, but alfo of any fufFerance within a commune-welthe profef^ fing Chrift. This my accafation preceding their fummondes, neither by the law of God, neither yet by the law of man, can they be to me conipetent iudges, till place be granted vnto me openlieto proue my accufation intended againft them, and they compelled to make anfwer as criminalls. For I ivill plainelie proue, that not only biihoppes, but alfo Popes haue bene remoued from all authoritie and pro- nouncing of iudt^ement, till they haue purged themfelues of accufationslayd againft them. Yea further I will proue, that biihoppes and Popes moft iuftly haue bene depriued, fiom all honours and adminifttation, for fmaller crunes then I haue to charge the hole rable of your biihoppes. Q, q g 9 g But 430 The Appellation o/Johil Knoxe. But becaiifethis is not my chefe grounde, I will ftand content for this prefent ro Ihew, that lawfiiU it is to Goddes Prophetes, and to preachers of Chriii lelus to np- peall from the fentenceand iudgementof the vifiblechurche, to theknolledge oftHe temporall Magiftrate, who by Goddes law is bound to hear their caufes, and to de- fend them from tyrannie. The Prophete leremie was commanded by God, to ftand in the courte of the houfe of the Lord, and to preach this fermon in eife£t, That krufalem iliould be deftroyed, and be exponed in opprobrie to all nations of the earth \ and that alfo that famous temple of God Ihould be made defolatc like vnto Sylo^ becaufe the preeftes, the Pro- phetes, and the people did not walk in the law, which God had propofed vnto them, neither wdd they obey the voyces of the Prophetes, whome God fent to call them 10 repentance. For this fermon was Iremie apprehended, and a fentence of death was pronounced againft hym, and that by thepreeftes, by the Prophetes, and by the people, which thinges being bruted in the eares of the Princes of hda, they paffed vp from the kinges houfe, to the temple of the Lord, and fat down in iudgement, for further knowledge of the caufe. But the preeftes and Prophetes continued in theyrecruell fentence, which before they had pron?)unced, faying, Thn manu worthieof the death -^ for he hath prophefed again/} this citie, as your eares have heard. But leremie lb moued by the Holie Ghoft, began his defence againft that their tyrannous fentence, in thefe wordy. The Lori (laieth he) hath fent me toprophejie againjl this hovfe, and agaivjl this citie, all the wordes vrhich you ham hard, hiow therefore viake good your wayes, and hear the voyce of the Lord your God, and then Jhall he repent of the etiiH, trhiche he hath fpoken agiinfi you. As jor me behold I atn in your handes ( fb doth he fpeak to the Prin- ces) do to me as you think good and righteous. Neuertheles know you this mcjl afuredly, that if ye miirther orjlay me, ye JI)M make your felnes^ this citie,and the inhabitants of the farm criminally andguiltie ofinnoceyit blood. For of a trueth the Lord bath fent me tofpeakin your eares all thofe wordes. Then the princes and the people (faieth the texe) faid, this man is not worthh of death, for he hath fpoken to vs in the name oj the Lord our God. And fo af- ter fomme contention was the Prophete deliuered from that danger. This faft and hiftorie man ifeftlieproueth whatfoeuer before I haue affirmed, to wit, that it ia laufuU for the feruantes of God to call for the help of the ciuile magiftrate againft the fentence of death if it be vniuft, by whome foeuer it be pronounced, and alfb the ciuile fword hath power to repreffe the furie of the preefts, and to abfolue whoin thei haue condemned. For the Prophete of God was damned by thofe who then only in earthe wereknowen to be the vifible churche, to wit, preeftes and prophetes who ihen were in Iernjale?n, the facceffoms of Jar on, to whome was geuen a charge to fpeake to the people in the name of God, and a precept geuen to th: people to heare the lawe from their mouthes, to the which if any (hould be rebellious or difobedient, he ftiould die the death without mercie. Thefe men I fay thus audorifed by God, firft did eicommunicat Ierimie,{ot that he didpreache otherwife then did the com- mune fort of prophetes in lenfalem, and laft apprehended him, as you haue hard, pronouncing againft him this fentence afore written, from the which nevertheles the prophete appealed, that is, fought help and defence againft the fame, and that moft earneftly did he craue of the princes. For albeit he faieth, / am in your handes, do with me as ye think righteous, he doth not contemne nor negleft his life, as thoghe he regarded not what ihould become of hym, but in thofe his wordes moft vehementlie did he admonifhe the princes and rulers of the people, geuing them to vnderftand what God fliould require of them. As he fhould fay. You princes of Jniit, and rulers of the people, to whom appertaineth indifferentlie to ludge betwixt partie and partie, to iuftifie the iuft man, and to condemne the male- faOiour, you haue hard a fentence of death pronounced againft me by thofe, whole iippes oght to fpeak no decept, becaufe they are fanftified and appointed by God ftymfelfe to fpeake his law and to pronounce iudgement with equitie, but as they haue left the lining God, and haue taught the people to follow vanitie, fo are they bee mmed mortall enemies to all God's true feruantes, of whom I am one, rebuk- ing their in iquitie, apoftacie, and defeflion from God, which is the onlie caufe they feke The JpelLition of lohn Knoxe. 431 feke my life. But a thing moft contrarie to all cquitie, law and iuflice it is that I a man font ot Gud to call them, this people, and yen agaiiie to the true fcMiice ct God, iVom the which jou are all declined, ll.jU lutter the dej;h, b'jcaiife that my enemies do fo pronounce fentence. I Hand in jour prefence, vvhcmc God hath made princes, your power is aboue their tyrannic, before yon do I eipone nu caufe I am in your handes, and cannot reiilt to fuffer what ye think iull. But left that my lenitie and patience Ihould either make you negligent in the defence ot me in my iuft caufe, appealing to your iudgement, either yet encourage my encnjies in feakinge my blood, this one thinge 1 dar not coufile. That it you muither me (which thing ye do if ye defend me not) ye make not only my enemies gyltie of my blood, but alio your felues, and thislioiecitie. By thcle vvordes I fay, it is euidenr thattheprophete ofGod being damned to death, by the preeftcs and by the pro- phetes of the vifible churche, did feke aid, fupport and defence at the princes and temporall magiftrates, threatnyng his blood to be rtquiied of tl\eyre handes, if they be theyre auctoritie did not defend hym from the furie of his ennemies : alledging alfo iull: ca.:fetiof his appellation, and why heoght to haue bene defended: to wit, that he was fent of God to rebuke their vices and defecl^ion from God : That he taught no dodrine which God before had not pronourced in his Law .That he de- lired tlieyre conuerfion to God, continuallie calling vpon them to walk in the wayes u'hich God had approued, and therefore doth he boldlie craue of the princes, as of Goddes lieutenantes to he defended from the blynd rage and tyrrarie of il:e preefts, rotwithftandingthat they claimed to themfelues andtoritie to iudge in all matters of religion. And the fame did he what tyme he was caft in prylon, and thereaf- ter was brought to the prefence of king Z? did rot ap- peall, becaus he onely declared the wronge done vnto him, and did but craue de- fence, accoidmg to his innocence ; let the fame man underftand, that none other- wife do I appeale from that fals and cruell fentence, which your Kiflioppes haue pronounced againfi: me. Neither yet can there be any other iufl caufe of appel- lation but innocencie hurt, or fufpefted to be hurt, whether it he by ignorar.ce of a iudge, . r by malice and corruption oi thofe, who under the title of iullire, do ei- ercife tyrannic. If 1 were a thefe, murtherer, Llafphemer, open adulterer, or any offender, whom God's worde commaundeth to fuffer for a crime committed, my appellation were vaine, and to be reieifed : But I being innocent, yea the doftrine which your Bifhoppes haue condemned in me, being God's etcrnail veriiie, haue no lefTe libertie to craue your defence againfi that crueltie, then had t!ie Prophet leremii to feke the ayde of the Princes and King of hii. But this fliall more plainly appear in the fa£le of Sainft Vaule^ who after that he was ap;-reherded in lerufAcm, did fyrfl claime to the libertie of Romayiie citizenes, for auoiding torment, what tyme that the captayn would haiie eiamined hym by queflicns: Thereafter in thecouncile where no rightiousiucgement was to be hoped lor, he af- firmed that he was a Pharifie, and that he was accufed of ihe refnrrtftion of the dead; and laff, in the prefence of f>^/(5, he appealed, from all knowledge and iudgement of the Preeftes at lerujalem, to the tmperour: Of which laff point, be- caufe it doth chefelie appertaine to this my caufe, I will foitiwhat fpeak. ^fter that PjuU had diuerfe tymes bene accufcd, as in the JSa of the apcftlfs \% manifefl; at the lafl, the chefe Preeftes and th yre fa£lion came to Cefarea, with FeJIui the prefident, who prefented to them Pavle in iudgement, whon.e they accnf- Q. Cj q q q 2 ed 432 The Appellation o/loho Knoxe. ed of horrible crimes -, which neuertheles they could not proue, the Apoftle de- fending. That he had not cffeaded, 7ieitber agaivjl the law, neither agaivj} the itrnph^ wither yet agaivjl the Emperoiir. But Fejius wiliivg' to gratijia the lewes, faidto Paiile^ If^ilt thou go tip to lerufukm^ a7id there be judged of thcj'e thzvgs in my prejtiice ? But Patile faid, IJIcuid at the iajlice (eat of the Emperour, rebere it behoveth me to be judged. I haue dove no iniurie to the letpes, as thou better huiVr-eH. 2f I haue done any thing iniuJUy^ or yet coinmitted crime reorthieoj death., I refiife vot to die. But if there be not tmig oj thefe thiiiges true^ }»hereof they acmje me., vo ir.an may giue me to them : J appeal! to Cefar. It may ap', eav at the firli fight, That Paule did great iniuiie to Fejfus the Judge, and to the hole order of the preefthcde, who did hope greater equitie in acruell ty- rant, then iiiali that feflion and learned conipanie. Which thinge no doubt Fejlus did vnderftand, pronouncing thefe wordes, HaH thou appealed to Cefar ? Tbuu Jhalt go to Cefar. As he would fay, I, as a man willing to vnderfland the truth, before i pronounce fentence, haue required of thee to go to Lrufalem, where the learned of thyne owne nation may hear thy caufe, and decerne in the fame. The contro- uerfie ftandeth in matters of religion : Thou art accufed, as an apollat from the law, as a violator of the temple, and tranfgre/Tor of the traditions of theyre laihers, in- which matters I am ignorant j and therefore deflre information by thofe that be learned in the fame religion, wherof the queftion is. And yet docft thou refufe io man}' godly fathers to hear thy caule, and doeft appeale to the tmperour, pre- ferring hym to all our judgements, of no purpose belike, but to delay time. Tiius, I fay, it mycht haue appeared, That Pauls did not only iniurie to the iudge and to tire preeftes, but alfo that his caufe was greatly to be fufpeded ; partly lor that he did refufe the iudgement of thofe that had nioft knowledge (as all mtn fuppof ed) of God's will and religion; and partly becaule he appealed to the Eniperour, who then was at Rome far abfent from Icrufakm, a vnmi alfo ignorant of God, and ennemie to all vertue. But the Apoftle conlidering the nature of bisennemies, and what thinges they had intended againfl hym, euen from the fyrft day that he began freelie to freak in the name of Chrifl, did not fear to appeale from them, and from the iudge that would haue gratified them. They had profefTed themfeluts plain ennemies to Chrifi: lefus, and to his blefTed euangill, and had fcght the death of Paiile., 3^ea, euen by fadlions and treafonable conipiracie .- And therefore by no meanes would he admit them either fudges in his caufe, either auditours of the fame, as Fejlw required : But grounding himfelf e vpon ftrong reafons, to wit, that he had not offended the leves^ neither yet the law, but that he was innocent i and therefore that no iudge oght to giue hym in the handes of his ennemies: Ground- ing, I fay, his appellation vpon thefe reafons, he neither regarded the difpleafure of Tejlui^ neither yet the brute of the ignorant multitude; but boldely did appeal, ■from all cognition of them, to the iudgement of the Emperour, as faid is. By thefe two exemples, I doubt not but your honours do vnderftand, that lawful! it is to the feruantes of God opprefled by tyrannie, to felce remedie againll the fame, be it by appellation from their fentence, or by imploring the helpe of ciuile Magiffrates. For what God hath approued in leremle and Paul, he can condemne in none that likewife be entreated. I might alledge fome hiltories of the primitiue Church, fer- uing to the fame purpofe ; as of J??ibrofe and Jthajiafius, of whom the one would not be judged but at Milan., where that his doflrine was heard of all his Church, and receaued and approued by many : And the other would in no wife geue place to thofe counciles, where he knew that men c(;i!fi>ired againft the trueth of God, Ihould fit in iudgement and confultatione. But bccaufe the Scriptures of God are my only foundation and affurance, in all matters of weight and importance, I haue thoght the two former teftimonies fufficient, afwell to proue my appellation reafon- able and iufl-, as to declare to your honours, that with fafe confcience ye cannot refufe to admit the fame. Yf any thinke it arrogancie, or foolifhnes in me, to com- pare my felfe with leremie and Paule, let the fame man vnderftand, that as God is immutable, fo is the verity of his glorious Euangill of equall dignity, whenfbeuer it is impugned, be the membres fufFering neuer fo weak. What I think touching mine owne perfon, God fhall reueale when the fecrets of aU hartes fhall be diicloi: edi Tic JpclLition oflohn Knoxe. 433 edi aiidfuvh as witt> whoin I luuc bene conuerfjnt, can partly vi'itnellc, what ar- logaixii.- criiride they efpie in me.. But touching tlie dochii.c andoufe, which thjt adulterous and pelliJent generation of Antiduilts icru.mts (who will be cal- led Hilhc'ppes amongit yoii; haue condemned in me, I neithLT fjar nor Ihame to confifle and auow, before man and angell, to be theeternall truethof the eternail God. And in that cafe, I dout not to compare my felf with any membre, in whom the trueth haih bene impugned fince the begynnyng. For as it was the true\h, which IcTcmk did preach in thefe wordes, Tbe Pr^-tjlesh.iu£KLt kuoifenme (pieth the Lord) but the pajlors hjue trjiterovjly di- clhied ar.d fjUat hck Jrom me. The Prophetes h.ni>: pophejied in Baal, and baue gons after tbnfe tb'ntgs, whicb camot hdpe. Jly people bam lejt the foimtaitie vj liuing waters and hjtie digged to tbemfeua pits^ which can cuntaiue no water. As it was a trueth that the paltors and watchmen, in the daies oflfaie, were be* comed domme d"gs, blynd, ignorant, proud and auaricious. And finally as it was a trueth, that the Princes and Preeftes were murtherers of Chrilt lefus, and cruell perfLcutors of iiis Apoltles; So likewyfe it is a trueth (and that molt intallible) that thofe that haue condemned me ( the hole rable of the papifticall clergie ) haue cleclyned from the true faith, haue geuen eare to deceauable fpirits, and to doc trine of deuills, are thefterres fallen from the heau;n to the earth, are fouptviines without water-, and finally areennemies to Chrill lefus, deniers of his vertue, and horrible blafphemours of hisdeath and pafTion. And further, as ihat vifible Churcbe had no crime, whereof iuftly they could accufe either the i-roj-hetes, either the A- pofllcs, except theyr doctrine only: So haue not fuch asfekemy blood, other crime to lay to my charge, escept that 1 affirm, as alvvais I offer to proue, that the religion, which now is maintained by fier and fword, is no le/Ie contrarious to the true reli- gion taught and eft ablilhed by the Apoftles, then is darknes to light, or theDeuill to God: And alfo that fuch as now-doclairae the title and name of the Churchc ar no more the elect fpoufe of Chrift lefus, then was the Synagoge of the leves the true Church of God, what fyme it crucified Chrift leliis, damned his doctrine and perfecuted his Apoltles. And therefore feing that my battail is againit the proude and cruell hypocrites of this age, as that battaill of thofe molt excellent inftru- menres was againft the fals prophetes, and malignant Churche of theyr ages : Nei- ther ought any man think it ftrange, that I compare my felf with them, wifh whome 1 fuftaine a common caufe ; neither ought you, my Lordes, iudge your felues le{{e addetted and bound to me, calling for your fupport, then did the Princes of tuca think themfelues bounde to leremie, whome for ihattyme they deliuered, not- withftanding the ft ntence of death pronounced againft him by the viflble Church. And thus much for the right of my appellation, which in the bowelles of Chrift ie- flis, I riquier you honours not to elleme, as a thing fuperfluous and vaine ; but that ye admit it, and alfo accept me in your protection and defence, that by you allured I may haue acceffe to my natiue countrie, which I neuer offended ^ to the end, that freely and openly in the prefence of the hole realme, I may geue my confeflion of all fuch pointes, as this day be incontrouerfle ; and alio that you, by yourautho- rftie which ye haue of God, compel] fuch, as of long tyme haue biyndcd and de- ceaued both your felues and the people, to anfwer to luch thinges, as Ihall be laide to theire charge. But left that fomme dout remayne, that I require more of you, then youof confcience ar bound to grauut, in few wordes, I hope to proue ray pe- tition to be fuch, as without God's heauy difpleafure ye cannot deny. My peti- tion is, That ye, whome God hath apointed heades in your commune- welth, with fingle eye do ftudie to promote the glorie of God, to prouide that your fubieQes be rightly inftrucled in his true religion ; that they be defended from all oppreflion and tyrranie; that true teachers may be maintained, and fuch as blynde and de- ceaue the people, togyther alfo with all idle bellies, which do robbe and opprefle the flock, may be remoued and punifhed as God's Law prefcribeth. And to the performance of euery one of thefe, do your offices and names, the honours and benefited, which ye receue, the Law of God vniuerfally geuen to all men, and the examples of moftegodlie Princes, bynde and oblifti yon. R r r r r My \ 434 ^^^^ ylppellation o) lohn Knpxe. My purpofe is not greatly to labour to proue, that your hole ftudie oght to be to promote the glorie oi God; neither yet will 1 ftudie to alledge all reaibns, that iuftly may be broght to proue, that ye are not exalted to reigne aboue your bre- thren as men without care and folitude. For thele be principals fb graf'ied in na- ture, that very Echnicks haue contefied the fame. For feing that God only hath placed you in his chaire, hath appointed you to be his lieutenants, and by his ownfe feall hath marked you to be Magiltrats, and to rule aboue your brethren, to whom nature neuertheles hath made you lyke in all points ( for in conception, biith, lite, and death ye differ nothing from the commune fort of men, but God only, as faid is, hath promoted you, and of his efpecial fauour hath geuen vnto you this prero- gatiue to be called gods; } How horrible ingratitude were it then, that you Ihould be founde vnfaithful to hym, that thus hath honored youf* And turther what a monfter were it, that you Ihould beproued vnmerciful to them, aboue whom ye are appointed to reigne, as fathers aboue theyr children ? Becaufe, I fay, that very Ethnicks haue graunted, that the cheefe and fyrft care of princes, and of fuch as be appointed to rule aboue others, oght to be to promote the glorie and honour of theyr goddes, and to maintaine that religion, which they fuppofed to haue bene true. And that theyr fecond care was to maintaine and defend the fubieds com- mitted to theyr charge, in all equitie and iuftice. I will not labour to Ihew vntd you, what oght to be your ftudie in maintainyng God's true honour; left that in fo doing I fhould feme to make you leffe careful oner God's true religion, then were the Ethnickes ouer their idolatrie. But becaufe other petitions may appere more hard and difficile to be graunted, I purpofe brefely, but yet freely, to fpeak what God by his worde doth allure me to be true. To wit, Firft^ That in confciencd you are bounde to punyfh malefadtors, and to defende innocents, imploring youf helpe. SecoTtdarely^ That God requireth of you to prouide, that your fubieits be lightly inftruded in his tnie religion; and that the fame by you be reformed, when- foeuer abuf^s do crepe in, by malice of Satan, and negligence of men. And lajle^ That ye are bounde to remoue from honour, and to punifti with death ( if the crime fo require ) fuch as deceaue the people, or defraude them of that focde of theyr foules, I mean Gods liuely worde. The fyrft and fecondeare mofleplayne hy the wordes of S. Paule, thus fpeaking of lawfnll powers. Let eiieryfoule ({^'leth he) fubmit hymJelfev7ito the hygber powers : For there is m power but of God. The powers that be, are ordained of God. Ifhojoeuer therefore refift- eth power., rejifteth the ordiJiance of God ; and they that refifi pall receaue to themfehes damnation. For rulers ar not to be feared of thofe that do jrell, but of thofe that do euill. Wilt thou then be mthout fear of the power ? do that which is good, and fojfialt thou be praifed of the fame. For he is the minijler of God for thfwelth. But if thou do that which is euill, fear. For he bear eth not the Jworde fornogbt: For he is the minijler of Cod to take vengance on them that do euill. As the Apoftle in thefe wordes moftftraytly commaundeth obedience to be geueri to lawful! powers, pronouncing God's wrathe and vengance againft fuch, as fhall re- Hfl the ordonaunce of God ; fo dotbe he afligne to the powers theyr cfhces, which be to take vengeance vpon euil doers, tomentaine the well doers, and fo tominiftre and rule in theyr office, that the fubie£les by them may haue a benefite,and be praif^ ed in well doing. Now if you be powers ordeined by God ( and that I hope all men will graunte) then by the plaine wordes of the Apoftle is the fworde geuen vn'' to you by God, for the maintenance of innocent, and for the punj-fhement of malefaftors. But I and my brethren with me accufed, do offre not only to proue our felues innocents in all thinges laid to our charge, but alfo we offre moft euident- ly to proue your Bifhoppes to be the verie peftilence, who haue infedcd all chriftia- nity. And therefore by the plaine dodrine of the Apoftle, you are bounde to maintaine vs, and topunyfli the other, being euidently conuift and proued crimi- nall. Moreouer, the former words of the Apoftle do teach, how far hie powers be bounde to theyr fubetles : to wit, that becaufe they are Gods miniflers by hym ordained for the profitt and vtilitv o"^ others, mofte diligently oght they to intend vpon the fame. For that caufe affigneth the Holy Ghoft commaunding fubiefles to obey, and to pay tribute : faing^ For this doy«u pay tributt and tole. 4, That ^ / 'jLiJt Jpcilattuii of lohii Knoxe. 4 :55 . That is becaufe they ire Gods minifters, bt-aring the fworde for your vtilitie, ^*'llerofit is plaint, that there is no honour v.'itliout a charge annexed. And rhis one: point 1 wilh your wifdomes dipely tocon/ider, that God hath n.:t pi. iced vou abone your brethren to reigne as tyrantes u-ithour refpcdl ot iheyr profitt ai;d com- moditie. Ye heare the Holy Ghoft witntfTe the contrarj', arhrrn\ing, that all Jaw l^u 11 powers be Godsminifkrs ordened for the welih, profit and lalintion of the (ubie£tes, and not tor theyr deftruction. Could ft be fa id (I belich you) t'^'ar Magiitrates, inclofing theyr fubiedls in a litie without all vifluaiis, or geuing vnio thein no other vicluales, but fuch as were poiHrned, did rule fur the profit ot theyr fubietttsi* I trufl that none would be fo loolilhe, as to afliunc, but that ra- ther euerie difcrefe perfbn would boldly arfinre, iliat fiich as fo did, uere tyrantes vnwonhie of all regiment. Yfwe will not dtny that whithe Clirift lefusaflirni- eth to beatrueth infallible; fo wit, That the foule is greater and more pret:ous then is the bode: Then ihall we eafely efpye, how vnworthie of authc;ricie be thofe, tliJt this day debarre theyr fubiecles from the hearing of God's wdrde, and by fier a'ld fworde compell them, to fetd vpon the very poifon ot their foules, the damnable doftrine of Antichrift. And therefore in this point, I fjy, I tannot ceafe to admonilh yourhonours, diligently totake heedeouet your charge, whici) i^ greater then the moft parte of men fuppofe. It is not ynoiigh that yon abflaine Iroui violeute wrong andopprellion, whiih vngodlie inen excicifeagainlt their fuL- iectes \ but ye are further bounde, to wit, that ye rule aboue them for theyr welth • which ye cannot do, it that ye either by negligence, nor prouiding true pallors, or yet by your maintainanceof fuch as be rauening woiues, fiiffer their foiiles to flenie and perillTe, for lack of the true foode, which is Chriftes Euangill fy ncerely preach- ed. It will not eicufe you in hisprefence, who will require accompte of euerie ta- lent committed to your charge, to fay, that ye fuppofed that the charge of the foulcs had bene committed to your Bylhoppcs. No, no, my Lordcs, fn ye cannot efcare God's iudgement. For if your Byihoppe5 be proued to be tio Bylhoppes, but decea- vable theues and rauenyng wolues (\'/hicli I offer my felte to proue by God's word bylaw, and councils, yeaby theiudgemenl of all the godly learned from the pri- maiiue Church to this day) then fhall your permillion and defence of them be re- puted before Go j, a participation with theyr thefte and miirther. For thus accued the Prophete Iftk the Princes of hriifdem. Thy prf«cr?T, fa ieth he, areapoJfjtJts j that is obfiinat refufers of God, and they ar compnuiovs of tbeves. This greuous accnfation was laid againft them, albeit that they ruled in that citie which fometyme was called holy, where then were the temple, rites and or- dinances of God : becaufe that not onlie they were wirked themff lues, but chefely becaufe they maintained wiked men theyr Prcefics and fals prophetes in honours and aiiQorifie. If they did not eft ape this acufation of the Holy Ghofl in that age, lookeye neither to efcape theacculation nor the iudgeinent which is pronoun- ced againfl the maintainers of wicked men: to wit, that the one and the othcf (hall drink thecuppe of Gods wrathe and vengance togither. And kit ye Ihould deceaue yotir felues, efteming your Bylhoppes to be vertuous and goilie, this do I affirme and offer my felfe to proue the fame, that more wicked men, then be the hole rabble ot your clergie, were neuer from the begynning vniuerfally Icnowen in any age, yea Sodome and Gomnrra may be iuftified in ihsyre refpe£K For they permitted iufl Lot, to dwell amongeft them without any violence done to his body, which that peftilent generation of your (hanenfort doth nor, but mofle cruelly perfecute by fier and fwordethe true membres of Chriffcs bodie for no other caufe, bat for the true feruice and honoring of God. And therefore I fear not to afKrme that, which God thall one day iuflifie, that by your offices ye be bound, not only to reprefTe theyr tyranny, but alfo to punifh (hem, as theuesand murthe- reis, as idolators and blafphemers of God, and in their roumes ye are bounde to place true preachers ot Chrilt's Euangile, forthelnftrntfion, comfort and faluation of your fubiecles, aboue whome els shall neuer the Holy Ghofl a? knot lege, that you ril]e in iuftice for their profit. Yf yee prefend to poffefle the kingdome with Chrift lefus, ye may not take example neither by the iguonnt multitude of Princes, neither by the vngodly and cruell rulers of the earth, of whome fomme pafle thtyre R r r r r 2 tyme ±26 Toe Appellation of lohn Knoxe. tymeinfloutb, infolencie and ryote without refpeft had to Goddes honour, or to the faluation o'f theyre brethren .• and other mofte cruelly opprefle with proude N'mrode fuch as be fubiecl to them- But your pittern and example muft be the pradife of thofe, whom God hath approued by the teftimony ot his word, as after Ihall be declared. , , r n • v r j r Of the premifTes it IS emdent, that to lawfuU powers is geuen the Iword tor pu- nylhement of inalefadors, for maintenance of innocents, and for the profit and vtility of thyr fubiefts. Now let usconlider, whether the reformation of religion, fallen in decay, and punylhement of talfe teachers, do appertain to the ciuil magi- ftrate and nobility ot any realm. I am not ignorant that 'Satan of old tyme for mentainance of his darknes," hath obtained ot the blynd world two chefe points. Former he hath perfuaded to princes, rulers, and magiftrates, that the feeding of Chriftes.flock appertaineth nothing to theyr charge, but that it is reieQed vpon the Byfhoppes,'^ar.deftateeccleriafticall: And fecondarely, that the reformation of re- ligion be 'it neuer fo corrupt, and the puniihment of Hich, as be fworn fonldiersin theyr kingdom, are exempted from all ciuil power, and are referued to themfelues and to theyr own cognition. But that no offender can iuftly be exempted from pu- nyfhement, and that the ordering and reformation of religion, with the inftru£lion of fubieds,' doth efpecially appertain to the ciuil Magiflrate, ihall Goddes perfe£l ordenance' his plain worde, and the fades and examples of thofe that of God are highly praifed, moft euidently declare. When God did eftabliih his law, ftatutes and ceremonies m the middeft oxlfrael^ he did not exempt the matters of religion from the power of Mofes^ but as he gaue him charge over the ciuil polity, fo he put in his month and in his band .• That is, he fyrft reuealed to him, and thereafter commaunded to put in practife whatfoeuer v^as to be taught or done in matters of religion. Nothing did God reueal particu- larly to Aaron, but altogither was he commaunded to depend from the mouth of Mojes : Yea nothing was he permitted to do to hymfelt or to his children either in his or theyr inauguration and fandtification to thepreefthode, but all was com- mitted to the care of Mofes, and iheretore were thefe wordes fo frequently repeted to Jllofes, Thou Jljalt fepjrate Aaron anih'n fonnet from the middefl of the people o/"Ifrae], that they may execute the office of the preejlhoie, thou foalt make viiso them garments ^thoujlialt amwyvte them, thou shalt wash them, than shalt f II theyr havdes with thefacrifice. And fo furth of every rite and ceremony, that was to be done vnto them, efpe- ciall commaundement was geuen vnto JUofes, that he (hould do it. Now if Jaro7t and his fonnes were fo fubiedt to Mofes, that they did nothing but at his commaun- dement, whodar be fo bold as to afhrme, that the ciuil Magiftrate hath nothing to do in matters of religion. For feing that then God did fo ftray tly require, that euen thofe, who did beare the figure of Chrift, fhould receaue from the ciuil power as it were theyre fanftification and entrance to theyr office, and feing alfo that A/o- y^i was fo far preferred to ^jiKOJf, that the one commaunded and the other did obey, who dar efteme that the ciuil power is now becomed fo prophane in Gods eyes, that it is fequeftrated from all intermilTion with the matters of religion. The Holy Ghoft in diners places dedareth the contrary. For one of the chefe precepts commaund- ed to the king, when that he fhould be placed in his throne, was to write the ex- ample of the boke of the Lordes law, that it fhould be with hym, that he might read in it all the days of his life, that he might learn to fear the Lord his God, and to kepe all the wordes of his law, and his ftatutes to do thefn- This precept re- quireth not only, that the king fhould hymfelfe fear God, kepe his law and Itatutes, but that alfo he as the chefe ruler, fhould prouide that Goddes true religion fliould be kept inuiolated of the people and flock, which by God was committed to his charge. And this did not only Dauii and Solomon perfedly vnderftand, but alfo fomme godly kinges in luda, after the apoltacy and idolatry, that infefted Ifrael by the meanesof lerob^am, did pra^Hfe theyr vnderftanding. and execute theyr pow- er in fomme notable reformations. For jfa and lojapbat kinges in luda, fynding the religion altogither corrup% did apply theyr hearts (faieth the Holy Ghofi:) to ferue the Lord, and to walk in his waies j and thereafter doth writnes, that Jfa re- moued Tie /IpclLnion of lohn Knoxe. 437 moutd from honours his mother, foir.me fay grand :i:oi her, fcecaufe she had com- mitted and laboured to meutainc horrible idolitrie. And /o/JpAjt d'd not only refufe ftrange Goddes hymfilfe, but alfo diftroying thethele u)cr.i:nierits of iaola- trie, did fcud furth the Laiita to inftrud the people, wl:creot it is playne that the one and the other did vnderftand fuch reformatiLUs, to appertaine to theyr dutits. But the factes of txcchtjs, andof lojtjs, do moreclerely proue the power and dueiy of checiuil Magiftrate in the reformation of religion. Kefore the reign of tzah'us, Ij corrupt was the religion that the dores of the houfc of the Lord were Ihut vpp, the lampes were citinguilhed, no facrifice vi-as orderly made, but in tl;e firft yearo of his reigne, tlie firll monethof the fime, did the king open the dores of the :emple, bring in the Preertes and Leuices, and anembling them togiiher did fpcak \no them as folloelh. Hejr vie o ye Leitites and be fjiiHiJiid 7ion\ and fwdijic alfo the Houfe cfthe Lord God ofyourfjthtrs, arJ carie furth Jiom thejjiiciuarie alljihbyjhs (he meaneth all monuments and vefTtUes of idolatiit")yi rrur/i/Z/ifM buue iTavJgnjjed ar.d hjui comir.hted vickedvei in the eya of the etej 7iall cm Gd^ ihcy hjue I ft bym ayid haue turned theyr jjcet from the tabernacle of the Lord, an,i tbcrejcreh the vrath of the Lord commed vpon ludj and l-rufalem. Behold our fathcn bjucfalltn by the jn> rde^ ow Jiuincs daugbtcTi and wives are led in captiuitie, but now baue Ipwpufcd in viy he^it to ii:ake a couenjtite with the Lord God of Ifrael, that he may turn: the wr th of his fur ie from us. And tbcrefre my fonnes (he fwetely exhorteth) be not faint, for the Lcrd bath chojen you to JIavd in his prefence and to/erue hym. ^uch as be not more then blynd clertly may perceaue that the king doth aknoUedge that it appertained lo his charge to reforme the religion, to appcinte the L-uites to theyr charges, and to admonifii them of theyr deutie and office, which thing he more euidently dedareth writing his lettres to all Ifrael, to Ephraim and JlanSjf'cs, and fent the fame by the handes of meffrngers hauing this tenour. Tonfoiwes of Ijrael return to the Lcrd God of Abraham, IJaac and Ifrael, and he P^aU return to the rejidue that rcfletb from tbc handes of AlTur. Be net as ycur Jatbeis and as your brethren were, who haue tranfartJfeJ agaivjl the Lcrd God of tbeyr fathers, who hatb made them dejolate as you fee. Holde not your heart therefore but giue yuor bande vnto the Lord, return into his fanUuarie , J'cruehym, and be shall shtw mercie vnto you, to yoiirfonnes, and daughters that be in bondage, jor he is pitifull and eafe to be entrejted. Thus far did Ezechias by lettres and meflingers prouoke the people, declined from God, to repentance, not only in luda, where he reigned laufull king, but alfo in Ifrael, fubieft then to another kiog. And albeit that by fome wicked men his mellingers were mocked, yet as they lacked not theyr inft piinilhment (for within fixe yeares after Sa)naria wasdelhoyed and Ifrael led caprine by Salmanuzar) fo did not the zealous king Ezechias, defiit to profecute his duetie in reficring the religion to God's perfetk ordenance remouing all abominations. The fame is to be red of loftas, who did not only reftore the religion, bat did further diflroy all monumentes of idolatry, which of long tyme had remained. For it is written of him, that after that the boke of the law was found, and that he had asked counfil at the propheteflTe Hulda, he fente and gathered all the elders of luda and lerujahm, and ftanding in the temple of the Lord, he madeacouenant, that all the jieople from the great to the Imall Ihould walk after the Lord, fhould obferue his law, flatutes and teftimonies with all theyr heart, and ail iheyr foiile, and that they should ratifie and confirmewhatfoeuer was written in the boke of God. He fur- ther commaunded Helkiasihe hie preeft, and the preelfes of the inferiour order, that they should carry furth of the teihpleof the Lord all the vefTels that were made to Baal, whiih he burnt, and did carie theire ponder to Betbcl. He did further diftroy all monuments of idolatry, yea, euen. thofe that had remained from the dayes of Solo, mon. He dd burn them, ftampe them to powder, whereof one part he fcattered in the broke Kidrcn, and the other vpon the fepu'crrs and graues of the idolaters, whpfe bones he did turn vpon the altars, wlert befrre the made facrifice not cnly in hda^ lut alfo in Bethel, where Icrcbcam had frtdttd his idolatry .- yea he further preceded, ard did kyll the preefles of the hie places, who u ere idolaiers, and had deceaued the people .• he did kyll them. I fay, and did Luin iheyr bones vpon S f f f f theyr 438 The Appellation 0) lohn Knoxe. theyr own altars, and fo returned to lerufalem. This reformation made 7o/tK, and for tbe fame obtained this teftimony ot" the Huly Ghoft, that mither before hym^ nei- ther after hym was there any fvche king, who retm?ied to God with hii hole foiile, ani with ah hisftiengthe, according to all the law of Mofes. Ot which hiltories it is euident that the reformation of religion in all points, to- gither with the punifhment of falfe teachers, doth appertaine to the power of the ci- iiile Magiftrate. For what God required of them, his iuftice muft require of others hauing the like charge and auftority : what he did approue in them, he cannot but approue in all others, who with like zeale and fyncerity do interprife to purge the Lordes temple and fandluary. What God required of them, it is before declared, to wit. That nioft diligently they (hould obferue his law, ftatutes and ceremonies. And how acceptable were theyr fa£les to God, doth he himfelfe witnelTe. For to Ibmme he gaue moft notable viQiories without the hande of man, and in theyr moft defperate aaungers did declare his efpeciall fauours towerdes them by fignes fuper- naturall : to other he fo eftablifhed the kingdome, that theyr ennemies were com- pelled to floupe vnder their feete. And the names of all he hath regiflred not only in theboke of life, but alfo in the blelTed remembrance of all poftenties fence theyt dales, which alfo Ihall continue till the commyng of the Lord lefus, who Ihall re- waide with thecrowne of immortality, not only them, but alfo fuch, as vnfained- ly fludy to do the will, and to promote the glory of his heauenly father, in the themiddeft of this corrupted generation. In confideration whereof ought you, my Lordes, all delay let apart, to prouide for the reformation of religion in your do- minion's and boundes, which now is fo corrupt, that no part of Chrifis inlHtution remaineth in the original purity, and therefore of neceility it is, that fpedely ye prouide for reformatione, or els ye declare your felues, not only voyde of loue to- werdes your fubiedes, but alfo to Hue without care of your owne faluation, yea, without all feare and true reuerence of God. Two thinges perchance may moue you to eflemethefe hiftories before briuely tuched to appertaine nothing to you. Fyrft becaufe ye are no lewes but Gentiles: and fecondarely, becaufe you are no kinges, but nobles in your realm. But be not deceaued, for neither of both can excufe you in Goddes prefence from doing your duetie, for it is a thing more then certein, that whatfoeuer God required of the ciuile Magiftrate in IJrael and ludacon- cernyng the obferuation of true religion during the tyme of the law, the fame doth he require of lawful! Magiftrates, profeifing Chrilt lefus in the tyme of the Gofpell, as the Holy Ghofl: hath taught vs by the mouth of Dauid, faying, Pfal. 2. Be learnedyou that iiidge the earth, kyjfe the fomie, lejl that the Lord waxt argrie, ani that yee periJJ) Jrom the way. This admonition did not extend to the ivdges vnder the law only, but doth alfo include all fuch as be prompted to honours in the tyme of ti e Gofpell, when Chrift lefus doth reign and feight in his fpirituall kyngdome, whofe ennemies in that pfalm be fyrft moft Jharply taxed, theyr fury exprefled, and vanity mocked : and then are kings and iudges, who think themfelues free from all law and obedience, commaunded to repent theyr former blynd rage, and iudges are charged to be learn- ed j and laft are all commaunded to ferue the eternall in feare, to reioyce before hym in tremblyng, to kyfle the fonne, that is, togeue vnto hym inoft humble o- bedience, whereof it is euident that the rulers, magiftrates and iudges now in Chriftes kingdome are no lefTe bound to obedience vnto God, then were thofe vnder the law. And how is it poflible that any fhall be obedient, who difpife_ his religi- on, in which ft 'ndeth the chefe glorie, that man can geve to God, and is a feruice, which God efpecially requireth of kings and rulers ? Which thing St. Avgvjline plain- ly did note, writing to one Fonifacius a man of war, according to the fame argu- ment and purpofe, which I labour to perfuade your honours. For after that he hath in that his epiftle declared the difference betwixt the herelie of the DonatiJIs and Jriaijs, and hath fomewhat fpoken of theyr cruelty, he fheweth the way how theyr furie ihonld and oght to be reprefTed, and that it is lawfull for the iniuftly aflflided to fupport and defence at godly Magiftrates. For thus he writeth, ei- ther miijl the veritie be kept clofe^ Or eh mvjl theyr aiieltie befufieaned. But 'Xhe Apeilatim of lohn Knoxe. 43^ But if the verity (hould be concealed, not only fhonld none be faued nor delyvcr- ed by fuch fllence, but alfolhoiilde many be loft through theyr decept. But if by preachii.g of the verity theyr fury ihould be prouoked more to rage, and by that meanc!) yet fomme were delyuered, and made ftronge, yet Ihould feare hinder many weaklings to folowe the verity, iftheyr rage be not ftayed. Inthefefyrlt wordes Augvjiine Iheweth three reafons, why the affli£ted Church in thofe daits called for the help of the Emperour and of the godly Magiflrates, againit the fury ot the per- fecuters. The firft, Tite veritic rnvjl befpoken or ells mankind Jhjll perhh hi errovr. The fecond, the verity being plainly fpoken, prouoketh the aduerfaries to rage. And becaufe that feme did alledge that rather we oght to fuffer all injury, then to fcke fupport by man, he addeth the third rcafon, to wit, that many weak ones be not able to fuffer perfecution and death for the truthes fake, to whome not the lefTe re- fpedt oght to be had, that they miy be won from errour, and fo be brought to greater itrength. O that the rulers of this age fhould ponder and wey the reafons of this godly writer, and prouid the remedy, whiih he requyreth in thefe wordes following. Now vhitt theCbiircb vas ihiis affiiffed^ yfc") thhik^ that rather they shcvld have Juf- tayved allcaUmitie, then that the belpe of God should haue bene asked by chrijii&n Empe- rours, be doth vot veil aduert, that ofjiich negligence vo good comptes or reafon could be geuen. For where fucb, as would that vo ivjt larves should be made againjt theyr impietie alledge that the Jp; files fight vojiich thitiges of the kinges of the earth, they do net con. Jider that then the tyme was other then it is now, and that all thinges are done in theyr owne tyme. If'hat Emperour then believed in Chrift, that should Jerue hym in making lawes fur godlines againft impietie? Jfbill yet that Jaying of the prophet was complete, why hath nations raged, and people haue imagined vanity ? the kinges of the earth haue ftaiid vp, and princes haue conuented together againfl: the Lord, and againft his annoynted, Thut which is after Jaid in the fame pfalme, was not yet comme to pajfe. And now vnderftand, O you kinges, be learned you that iudge the earth, lerue tha Lord in fear, andreioyce to hym with tremlinge. How do kings Jerue the Lord in fear ? but in punUhing and by a godlie feueritie forbidding thoje thinges which are done againjt the commavndement of the Lord, For otherwife doth he ferve in fo far as he is man^ otherwife in fo far as he is king. Info far as he is man, hejerueth hym by liuiug faithfully, but becaufe he is alfo king, beferueth eftablishivg lawes, that commaund the thinges that be ivft, and that with a convenient rigour forbyd thinges contrarie. As Ezechi- as jerved, iiftroying the groucs, the temples of idols, and the places, which were buyld- ed againft Goddes cov.maundement. So ferucd alfo lofias doi7ig the fame : fo jerued the king oj iii'mmits' compelling the hole citie to mitigate the herd : fo ferued Darius giuing in thepowev of Daniel the idol to be broken, and his enemies to be caft to the lions : fo ferued Nabuchadnezer, Z^)! a terrible law, forbidding all that were in his realme to blafphcme God. Herein therefore do kinges feruc the Lord, in fo Jar as they are kinges when they do thoJe things toferue him, which none except kings be able to do. He further ■procedetb and conchdeth, that as, when wicked kings do reign, itnpietie cannot be bridled by lawes, but rather is tyrannie exercifed vnderthe title of the fame, fojsita thing with- out all reafon, that kinges prof efing the knoledge and honour of G'-d, should not regardnor care, who did defend., nor who did oppvgne the Church of God in theyr dominions. By thefe wordes of this auncient and godly writer, your Honours may perceiue what I require of >ou, to wit, to repreffe the tyranny of your bylho^pes, and to defend the innocents profeiiing the trueth. He did require of the emperour and kings of his daies profeffing Chrift, and manifeftly concludeth, that they cannot ferue Chrift, except that fo they do. Lex not your bylhoppes think that Augujline Ipeaketh for them, becaufe he nameth the Church. Let them read and vnderftand that Auguftin (writeth for that Church, which profeffeth the trueth, and doth fuffer perfecution for the defence of the fame, which your byfhoppes do not, but rather with the Donatiftes and Arrians, do cruelly perfecute all fuch, as boldly fpeak Chriftes eternall veritie to manifcft theyr impie:y and abomination. But thus much we haue of .-^Hgn/iiw-f, that it apperfaineth to the obedience and feruice, which kinges owe to God, as well now in the tyme of the Gofpell, as before vnder the law, to defende the afflicted for matters of religion, and to repreiTe the furie of the S i f f f 2 perfecuters 430 The Appellation of lohll Knoxe. perfecuters, by the rigour and feuerity of godly lawes. For which caufe, no doubt, doth Efaie the prophete fay, that hvgesJJmdd be iwnrif/ies to the Church cj God, that theyfiould abbaje their heades, and louhigh embrace the children of God. And thus I fay your Honours rmy euidently fee, that the fame obedience doth God require of rulers and princes in the tyme of the Gofpell, that he required in the tyme of the law. Yf you do think, that the reformation of religion, and defence of the afflifled, doth not appertaine to you, becaufe you are no kings, but nobils and eftates of a realme j in two things you are deceaued. Former, In that you do not aduert, that Dauid requireth afwell, that the princes and iudges of the earth be learned, and that they feme and fear God, as that he requireth, that the kings repent. Yf you therefore be iudges and princes, as no man can deny you to be, then by the playn words of Dauid, you are charged to be learned, to ferue and feat God, which ye cannot do, if you defpife the reformation of his religion. And thys is your fyrft errour. The fecond is, That ye neither know your dutie, which ye owe to God, neither yet your authoritie, which of hym ye haue receaued; yf ye for pleafure or fear of any earthly man, defpife God's true religion, and contemneyour brethren, that in his name call for your fupport. Your dutie is to hear the voyce of the eter- nall your God, and vnfainedly to ftudie to follow his preceptes ; who, as is before faid, of efpeciall mercie hath promoted you to honours and dignitie. His chefe and principall precept is, That with reuerence ye receaue and embrace his only beloued fonne lefus -, that ye promote, to the vttermoft of your powers, his true religion; and that ye defend your brethren and fubiedes, whome he hath put vnder your charge and care. Now if your king be a man ignorant of God, ennemie to his true religion, blinded by fuperftition, and a perlecuter of Chrifles membres ; fhall ye be excufed, if with filence ye paffe ouer his iniquitie ? Be not deceaued, my Lordes, ye are placed in authoritie for an other purpofe, then to flatter your king in his folie and blind rage ; to wit, that as with your bodies, ftrengfh, riches, and wifdome, ye are bound to affift and defend him in all things, which by your aduice he (hall take in hand, for God s glorie, and for the preleruatlon of his com- mune-welth and fubiecles ; fo by your grauities, counfil and admonition, ye are bound to corred and reprelfe whatfoeuer ye know him to attempt, eiprefly repug- ning to God's word, honour and glorie, or what ye fhall efpie him to do, be it by ignorance, or be it by malice, againft his fubie£tes great or fmall. Of which laft part of yeur obedience, yf ye defraud your king, ye commit agaiafthimno lefle treafon, then yf ye did extrad from him your due and promifed fupport, what time by his ennemies iniuftly he werpurfued. But this part of their dutie, I fear, do a fmall number of the nobilitie of this age rightly confider -, neither yet will they vnderftand, that for that purpofe hath God promoted them. For now the commune fong of all men is. We muft obey our kinges be they good, or be they bad •, for God hath fo commaunded. But horrible (hall the vengeance be, that (hall be powred fiirth vpon fuch blafphemers of God his holie name and ordinaunce. For it is no lefTe blafphemie to fay. That God hath commaunded kinges to be obeyed, when they commaund impietie, then to fay, that God by his precept is audout and mentainer of all iniquitie. True it is, God hath commaunded kinges to beo- beyed, but like true it is, that in things, which they commit againft his glorie, or when cruelly without caufe they rage againft their brethren, the members of Chriftes body, he hath commaunded no obedence, but rather he hath approued, yea and greatly rewarded fuch, as haue opponed themfelues to their vngodlie commaunde- mentps and blind rage, as in the examples of the three children, of Daniel and Ab- demelech, it is euident. The three children wold nether bowe nor ftoupe before the golden image at the commaundement of the great king Nebtichadevazar, Daniel did openly pray,his windoes being open,againft the eftablifhed law of Darius and of his connfil ; And Abdemelech feared not to enter in before the prefence oiZedechias, and boldlie to defend the caufe and innocentie of leremie the prophet, whome the king and his counfil had condemned to dethe. Euery one of thefe fades fhould this day be iudged foolifhe by fuch, as will not underftand what confefEon God doth requii?e of his children, when his veiitie is oppugned, or his gloiie called in doubt. Suche men, The Apellatwn of lohn Knoxe. ^.4.1 men, I fay, as prefer man to God, and thinges prefcnt to the heauenlie inheritannce IhoulJ haue iiidgcd euerie one of thefe fades ftiibburn inobcdience, foolifheprefumn- tion and fingularitie, orelles bold controlliiigeof the king and his' wife counlil. Hut how acceptable in God's prefence was this refiltanceto the vngodlie romn;anndemenf es and determinations of theyr king, the end did witncs. For the three children were deliiiered from the fbrnace of iyer, and Dwitl from the den of lions, to the con- fufion of their ennemies, to the better inftruflion of the ignorant kinges and to the perpetual! comfort of Goddes afflifted children. And Abdimekch, in the day of theLordes vifitation, when the king and his coiinfil did drink the bitter cup of Codes vengeance, did fynde his life tor a praye, and did not fall in the edge ot the fword, when manie thoufandes did perilhe. And this was fignified vnto him by the prophet himfelf, at the commaundement of God, before that Icrufakm was de- ftroyed. Ihe promefle and caufe were recited vnto him in thefe wordes, In-ill bring my vordes vpon this citie vnto eaill, and not vnto good : but mofl ajfuredly IfiaU ddiuer thee, becauj'e thou haft trujiedin me, faieth the Lord. The truit and hope, which Ab- demehxh hid in God, made him bold tooppone himfelf, being but one,' to the king and his hole counfill,vyho had condemned to death the Prophet, whom h'is confcience didacknolledge to be innocent. For this did hefpeak in the prefence of the king fit- ting in the port o^Bemamin. My Lord the kinge, lateth Abdemelech^fhefe men do wickedly in all thinges, that they haue done to lerejnie the prophet. Aduert and take hede my Lordes that the men,who had condemned the Prophet,were the king, his princes and counfilj' and yet did one man accufe them all ofiniquitie, and did boldly fpeak in the defend of him, of whofe innocentie he wasperfuaded. And the f;une,I fay,is the deutie ofeiie- xy man in his vocation,but chefely of thenobilitie,whichis ioyned with their kinges tobrideland reprefle their loiie and blind rage. Which thing if the nobilitie do not* neither yet labour to do,as they are traitoursto their kinges ^fo do they prouoke the' wrath of God againft themfelu s,and againft the realme, in which they abufetheau- ftority which they haue receaued of God, to mentaine vertue and to repielle vice. For hereot I would your Honours were moft certainly perfuaded, that God will nei- ther excufe nobilitie nor people, but the nobilitie lead of all, that obey and follow their kinges in manifeft iniquitie ^ but with the fame vengeance will Godpunifhthe Prince, i-eople and nobilitie confpiring togither againft him and his holie ordinances • as in the punifhment taken vpon PAarao, Ifrael, I«ia and Babylon h euidently to be' fene. For Pharao was not drowned alone, but his caprayns, charetes and great ar- mie drank the fame cup with him. The kinges of Ijrael and luda were not punilh- ed without (ompany ; but with them were murthered the counfillers, their Princes imprifoned, and their people led captiue. And why ? becaufe none was found fo faithful to God, thathedurft interprife torefift nor againftand the manifeft impie- tie of their Princes. And therefore was God's wrath powered furih vpon the one and the other. But the more ample difcource of this argument, 1 deffer to better op- portunitie : Only at this time,I thoght expedient to admonifti you,that before God it Ihall not excufe you to ailed ge, We are no kinges, and therefore neither can we re- forme religion, nor yet defend luch asbeperfecuted. Confider, my Lordts, thatye are powers ordained by God (asbefor. is declared) and therefore doth the reforma- tion of religion, and the defence of fuch, asiniuftly are opprefTed, appertaine to your charge and care, which thing fhall the law of God, vniueifally geiun to be kept of all men, moft euidently declare ; which is my laft and moft aftured reafon, why, I fay, ye oght toremoue from honours, and to punifh with death fuch, as God hath condemned by his own mouth. After that Mofes had declared what was true reli- gion,towit,to honour God as he commaunded,a For feiiip that God had delyuered the hole bodie from bondage, and to the hole multitude had geucn his law, and to the twelue tribes had he alfo diftributed the inheritance of the luod of Canaan, th.it. no familie could complaine, that it was negleQed. U'as not the hole and euerie membre addetted to confelTe and acknolledge the benefitesof God> yea h^d it not bene the part of euery man to haue ftudied to kepe the poflTtllion, which he had receaued? which thing God did plainely pronounce they Ihould not do, except that in their heartes they did fanitifie the Lord God, that they embia(ed,and inuio- lably kept his religion eltablilhed. And finally, Except that they did cut our ini- quitie from amongeft them, declaring themfelues earnell ennemies to thofe ajjomi- nations, • hich God declared himfelf fo vehemenJy to hate, that fyrft he com- maunded the hole inhabitants of that countree to be deftroyed, and all monuments of their idolatrie to be broken dounj and thereafter he alfo Itreatly commaundeth, that a citie declining to idolatrie Ihould fall in the edge of the fworde, and that the hole fpoile of the fame Ihould be burned, no portion of it refetued. To the carnall man this may appear a rigorous and feuere iudgemenr, yea it may rather feme to be pronounced in a rage, then in wifdome. For what citie was euer yer, in which, tomannes iudgement, were not to be found manic innocent perfons, as infants, children, and (omme fimple and ignorant foules, who neither did nor could confent to fuch impietie? And yet we fynd no exception, but all are appoint- ed to the cruell death. And as concerning the citie, and the fpoile of the fame, mannes reafon cannot think, but that it might haue bene better beftowed, then to beconfumed with fier, and fo to profit no man. But in fuch cafes, will God that all creatures ftoupe, couer their faces, and defift from reafoning, when commaunde- ment is geuen to execute his iudgement. Albeit I could adduce diuerfecaufes of fuch feueritie, yet will I fearch none other then the Holie Ghoft hath affigned. Fyrft^ That all Ifrael hearing the iudgement, fliould fear to commit the like abomination. And fecondarely. That the Lord might turne from the turie of his anger, might be moued towerds the people with inward affedion, be mercifull vnto them, and mul- tiplie them, according to his othe made vnto their fi'hers. Which reafons, as they are fufficient in Codes children, to correQ the murmuring of the grudging iielhe j fo oght they to prouoke euery man, as before I haue faid, to declare himfelfe enne- mie to that, which fo highly prouoketh the wrath of God againft the hole people. For where Jlofes faieth, Let the citie be burned, and let no part of the fpoile cleaue to thy band, that the Lord may return from the furie of his wrath. Sec. He plainely doth fignifie, that by the defeQion and idolatrie of a few, Codes wrath iskj'ndled againft the hole, which isneuer quenched till fuch punifhement be taken vpon the offenders; that whatfoeuer (erued them in their idolatrie, be broght to de(lru6lion j becaufe that it is execrable and accurfed before God : And therefore he will not, that it be referued for any vfe of his people. I am not ignorant, that this law was not put in execution, as God commaunded. But what did thereof infue and follow, hiftories declare; to wit, plage after plage, till Jfrael and luda were led in captiuitie, as the bckes of kings do witnefle. The conflderation where- of maketh me more bold to affirm. That it is the duetie of euery man, that lift to efcape the plage and punifhement of God, to declare himfelfe ennemie to idolatrie, not only in heart, hating the fame, but alfo in external geflure, declaring that he lamenteth, yf he can do no more, for fuch abominations. Which thing was fhewed T t t t t 2 to The Appellation of lohn Knoxe. to the prophete£zsc/;fe7, what tyme he haue him to ynderftand,why he would deftroy hda. with ^KdffZ; and that he would remoue his gloriefrom the temple and place that he had chofen, and fo powr furth his wrath and indignation vpon the citle, that was full of blood and apoftafie, which became fo inpudent,that it durft behold to fay, thi Lord hath left the earth, andfeeth not. At this tyme, I fay,the Lord reuealed in viflon to his prophete, who they were, that fhould fynd fauour in that miferable deftru£tlon j to wit, thofe that did mourn and lament for all the abominations done in the citie in whofe foreheades God did commaund to print and feal Tau^ to the end that the dettroyer, who was commaunded to ftryke the reft without mercie, Ihouldnot hurt them, in whom that ligne was found. Of thefe premifTes, I fup- pofe it be enident, that the punifhment of idolatrie doth not appertaineto kinges only, but alfo to the hole people, yea to euery membre of the fame, according to his poffibilitie. For that is a thing moft allured, that no man can mourn, lament and bewaile for thofe thinges, which he will not remoue to the vtternioft of his power, yf this be required of the hole people, and of euery man in his vocation, what (hall be required of you, my Lordes, whom God hath raifed vp to be Princes and rulers aboue your brethren, whofe handes he hath armed, with the fword of his iuftice ? yea whom he hath appointed to be as bridels, to reprelTe the rage and infolencie of your kinges, when foeuer they pretend manifeftly to tranfgreffe Gode^ blefled ordi- nance!' Yf any think that this my affirmation, tuching the punilhement of idola- ters be contrarie to the praStife of the Apoftles, who fynding the Gentiles in ido- latrie did call them to repentance, requiring no fuch punifhment j let the fame man vnderftand, that the Gentiles, before the preaching of Chrift, liued, as the Apoftle fpeaketh, without Goi in the world, drowned in idolatrie, according to the blindnes and ignorance, in which then they were holden, as a prophane nation, whom God had neuer openly auowed to be his people, had neuer receaued in his houlhold, nei- ther geuen vnto them lawes to be kept in religion nor politic : And therefore did not his Holie Ghoft, callirig them to repentance, require of them anie corporall pu- niihment, according to the rigour of the law, vnto the which they were neuer fub- iefls, as they that were flrangers from the commune-welth of l[rael. But if any think, that after that the Gentiles were called from thjir vaineconuerfation, and by embracing Chrift lefus were receaued in the nombre of Abraham's children, and fo made one people with the lewes beleuing ; yf any think, I fay, that then they were not bound to the fame ob dience, which God required of his people Ifrael, what tyme he confirmed his leage and couenante with them ^ the fame man appeareth to make Chrift inferiour to Mofes, and contrarious to the law of his heauenly father^ For if the contempt or rranfgrefrionof-(^/''yiHaw was worthieof death, what should we iudge the contempt of Chriftes ordinance to be f" (I mean after they be once re- ceaued. ) And if Chrift be not commed to difTolue, but to fulfill the law of his hea- uenly Father :, shall the libertie of his goipel be an occafion, that the efpeciall glorie of his Father be troden vnder foote, and regarded of no man ? God forbid. The efpecial glorie of God is, that fuch as profefTe them to be his people, should harken to his voice ; and amongeft all the voices of God reuealed to the worlde, tuching punishement of vices, is none more euident, neither more feuere, then is thaC which is pronounced againft idolatrie, the teachers and mentainers of the fame. And therefore I fear not to affirm. That the Gentiles ( I mean euery citie, realme, prouince, or nation amongeft the Gentiles, embrafTng Chrift lefus and his true re- ligion ) be bound to the fame leage and couenant, that God made with his people Ifrael, what tyme he promifed to root owt the nations before them, in thefe wordes. Beware that thou make anie couenante with the iiihabitantes of the land, to the which thou commeH, lejle perchance that this cotnme in ruin, that fi, be deJlruSion to the : But thou fialt deftroy their altars, break their idols, ajid cut doime their groves. Fear no flrange goddes, worship theyrniot, neither yet make you facrifces to them. But the Lord, rvho in hisgre.n power, and owjlr etched arme hath broght you owt of the land of Egypt, shall you fear^ hym shall you honour, hym fhall you worflAp, to hymf/jallyou make facrifice, his Uatutes^ iiidgements, laves and commandements you shall kepe and obferue. This is the couenante^ iphigh I haue made with yoiijaietb the Eternall ; forget h not^ mt^er yet fear ye other goddes: The JpelLition of lohn Knoxe. 44.5 goJJes : ButfeJT yo» thiLoriyour God, aiid be ihall ddiuer youjiom the hands cj allytiir cniiem'tcs. To this faire law, I fay, and coucrante are ihe Gmfihs no Icfle bcur.de, then fomtyme ivere the/tnvj, whtnfceuer God doth illiminaie ihe eytsotany n:iilti»ude, prouince, people or citie, and j-uttcth the fworde in their own hai.d lo remcue fuch ejiormiries from am 'nseft fhim, as before God they know to he abominable. Then 1 fay, are tiiey no Jc.le bound to purge theyr dominions, cities and countries frcm i- dolatrie, then wer the Ifradites, what tynie thay receaued the j r /TtlLon cA' the land of Caiijjjt. And moreoner I (ay, it any go about to ertdl and fet i;p idrlatrie or to teadi deteiElion from God, alter that the veritie hath bene receaued and approncd that theii not only the MagiUrates, to whom the fword is committed, bur alio the people are bound by that oth, which they haue made to God, to reucnge to the vttermoft of their power the injurie done againlt his Maieftie. In vniuerfil dcteflions, and in n general reuolr, fuch as was in Ijrael after Icrr.kwn, there is a diuerfeconllde- ration. For then becanfe the hole people weretogither confpiredauainit Gi d, there could none be found, that would execute ihepuniil.menr, wliicIiGod hadcomniaiin- deJ, till God railed vp Aii/, whom he had apoinred lor that purpole. And the fame is to be conlidered in all other general dettclicns, fuch as this day be in the papiftry, where all arc blinded, and ail are declined from God and that of long continuance, f^ that no ordinary iuftice can be executed, tut the punilhment mtilt be referued to God and vnto fuch means, as he Ihall ajioint. But I do (peak of fuch anoinbre, as after they haue receaued Goddes per K ft religion, do boldly pro- fefTe the fame, notwithftanding that fome or the molt part jal back: (as of late dates was in EvgJavd) vnto fuch a nombre, I fay, it is Jijufull to punilh the ido- latours with death, if by anie means God glue them the power. For fo did hjiia and ffrjel determin to hai'.e done againft the children of Rnkn^ G^d and Mavaf:s fox their fufpeftcd apoltalie and detection from God. And the hole tribes did in uery deid execute that Iharp judgment againit the tribe of Eeviamin for a leHe of- fence then tor idola.rie. And the fame ought to be done whcrfbcuer Chrift lefus and hisEuangill is fo receaued in any realm, prouince or cifie, that the Magift rates and people haue foletnnly auowed and promiled to defend the fame, as vndtr king Edward oi late days was done in i:w^/a>;^. In fuch places, I fay, it is not only lawful to punilh to the death fuch as labour to fubuert the true religion but the magiftrates and people are bound fo to do, onles thev wil piouoke the 'wrath of God againft themfelues. And therfore 1 fear not to afKrm, that it had bene the duty of the nobilitie, iudges, rulers, and people ot Evglavd not only to haue refift- ed and againftanded J/ar/tf that /^/i^d, whom they call their queue, but alfo to haue punilhed her to the death with all the fort of her idolafroi^s preftes, together with all fuch, as fhould haue allifted her, what tynie that Ihe and they openly began to fuprelTeChriftisEuangil, to lliedd the blood of the fn'ncts of God, and to eredthat moft diuellifli idolatrie, the papiitical abominations, and his vfurped ty- rannie, which ones tnoft juftly by commune oth was banilhtd from ffat realme. But becaus I cannot at this prefent difcufle this argument, as it apperteiiieth, 1 am' compelled to omitt it to better opportunitie, and fo returning to your honours, I fay, that if ye conftfTe your felues baptifed in the I ord lefus, of necejfitie ye muft confelTe, that the care of his religion doth aperiain to your charge. And if ye know that inyourhandis God hath put the fword for the caufes atoue exprefled then can ye not denie, but that the punifhment of obftinate and malepert idolat- ours (fuch as all your bilhopes be) doth apertain to your cflice, yf after adinoniti- on they continew obftinat I : m not ignorant, what be the vain defenfes of your proud prelates. They claim firft a prerogatiue and priuikdge, that they are exemp- ted, and that by confent ot Councils and Empeiours from all iiirild dtion ot the temporaltie. And Jecovdarely, when they are conuidcd of iraniftft impieties, a- bufes, and enormities afwell in their maners as in religion, reithes fear nor fh'ame they to affirm, that thinges fo long ei^ablifhed cannot fuddanly be reformed, al- thcgh they be corrupted, but with prccffle cf fyn e they prcmifTe to take order. But in few wordes I anfwer, that no priuilege graunted againfl the ordenance and flatutesof God is to be obferued, althrgh all councils and n:en in the earth fane U u u u u apoint 44- <^ The Apfellation o/Iohn Knoxe. apointed the fame. Bat againft Goddes ordenance it is, that idolatours, murther- ours, fals teachers, and blafphemers Ihall be exempted from punilhment, as before is declared, and therefore in vain it is, that they claym for priuilege, when that God fayeth, The murtherer ilialt thou riue from my altar, that he may die the death. And as to the order and reformation, which they promifTe, ti.at is to be loked or hoped for, when Satan, whofe children and flaues they are, can change his nature. This anfwer I doubt not Ihall fuffice the fober and godlie reader. But yet to the end that they may further fee their own confufion, and that your honours may better vnderftand, what ye oght to do in fo manifeft a corruption and defeftion from God, I aske of themfelues, what afliirance they haue for this their immunitie, exemption or priuiledge? who is the auftour of it ? and what frute it hath produced? And/r/t, I fay that of God they haue no affurance, nei- ther yet can he be proued to be auStour of anie fuch priuiledge. But the contrarie is eafie to be feen. For God in eftablilliing his orders in Ifrael did fo fubiedl Aaron (in hispriefthode being the figure of Chrift) to jlfq/ei, that he feared not to call him in iudgment, and to conftrain him to giue accomptes of his wicked dede in confenting to idolatrie, as the hiftorie doth plainly witneiTe. For thus it is writ- ten Then Mofes toke the calf which they had made, avd burned it with fier, and did, grind it to powder, and fcatterivg it in the water, gaue it to drink to the children of I- frael, declaring hereby the vanitie of their idol and the abomination of the fame: And thereafter Mofes faid to Aaron, Vhat hath this people done to the, that thou shouldeft bring vpon itfo great a fyn ? Thus I fay, doth Mofes call and accufe Aaron of the deftruflion of the hole peo- ple, and yet he perfe£lly vnderftode, that God had apointed him to be the high preift, that he fhould bear vpon his fhoulders and vpon his breaft the names of the 12. tribes of //r«/, for whome he was appointed to make facrifire, praiers, and fiipplications. He knew his dignitie was fo great, that only he might entre within the moft holie place: but neither could his office nor dignitie exempt him from iudgment, when he had offended. Yf any obieSt, Aaron at that tyme was not a- nointed, and therefore was he fubiedt to Mofes •, I haue anfwered, that Mofes being taught by the mouth of God, did perfedtly vnderftand to what dignitie Aaron was apointed, and yet he feared not to call him in iudgment, and to compell him to make anfwer for his wicked faft. But if this anfvver doth not fuffice, yet Ihall the Holie Ghoft witnefTe further in the mater. Salomon remoued from honour Abiathar being the high preift, and commannded him to ceafe from all function, and to Hue as a priuate man* Now if the undion did exempt the preift from iurifdi£lion of the ciuile Magiftrate, Salomon did offend and iniured Abiathar ; for he was anoynt- ed, and had caried the ark before Dauid., but God doth not reproue the fad oif^ti- lomon,, neither yet doth Abiathar claime anie prerogatiue by the reafon of his office, but rather doth the Holie Ghoft approue the faQ oiSalotnon, fayinge, Salomon eieB- edfiirth Abiathar, that hefiould not be the preefi of the Lord, that the word of the Lord might be perfurmed, which hejpale vpon the houfe of Eli. And Abiathar did think that he obtained great fauour, in that he did efcape the prefent death, which by his confpiracie he had deferued. Yf anie yet reafon, that Abiathar was no otherwife fubie£t to the iudgment of the king, but as he was ap- pointed to be the executor of that fentence, which God before had pronounced ; as I will not greatly deny that reafon, fo require I that euerie man confider, that the fame God, who pronounced fentence againft Bli and his houfe, hath pronounced al- fo that idolaters, hooremonsers, murtherers, and blafphemers, fhall neither haue portion in the kingdome of God, neither oght to be permitted to bear anie rule iri his church and congregation. Now if the vn£lion and office faued not Abiathar^ becaufe that Godd s fentence muft nedes be perfurmed, can anie priuiledge graunted by man be a burkler to malefadours, that they ffiall not be fubieft to the punifh- mentes pronounced by Gnd? I think no man will be fo foolilhe as fo to affirm ; for a thing more then euident it is, that the hole preifthode in the tyme of the law was bound to giue obedience to the ciuile powers ; and if anie membre of the fame was founde criminal, the fame was fubied to the punifhment of the fworde, which God had put in the hand of the Magiftrate. And this ordenance of his father did not ^£he Apella.ion of lohn Knoxe. 44.7 I not Chrilldifannl, but ra'.?ier did confirme the fame, cominaunding tribute to b* "aycd i'or hymfelfe and for Piter ., who perfeflly kno.ving tlie myud of his mai' :er, thus writeth in his epiftle. Submit yur felucs to all mjver of ordetiavce of man, Chs eicepteth fuch as be esprdFely repugnyng to Goddes coiiiinaundment) for the Lot des Jake' whether it he to Ling, as to the che/e head, or vttto rulers, at v»to them that are ftnt by bytn for puvifment of eviU doers, avd for the prjije of tbsm that dj veil. The fame doth the apoftle fiintRiw/s moft plainely commaund in thefc wordes Let euerie foule befubjccl to the fuperiour powers. Which places make euident, That neither Chrift, neither his apoftles.hath geuen any afTurance of this iminunitie and priuiledge which men of church (as they wil be termed) do this day claime. Yea it was a thing viiknowen to the primitiue churche many yeares after the daies of the apoflles; For Chryfojlome, who feriied in the churche at Conjlmtinople foure hundreth years after Chriftes afcenfion, and after that corruption wac greatlic increafed, doth yet thus write vpon the forfayd wordes of the apoftle, This precept^ faieth he, doth yot appertjine to fuch i^s be caUed feculars ovlie^ but even to thofe that be preeftees avd religious men : And after he ad- derh. Whether thou be apnftle, euangelijt^ prophete, or wbofoeuer thou be, thou canjt not be exev:ptcd frcm this fubieHiov. Hereof it is playn that Chryfojtome did not vnderftand that God had eiemprcd any perfon from obedience and fubiedion of the ciuile power, neither yet that he was audour of fuch eiemption and priuiledge, as papiftes do this day claime. And the fame was the Judgment and vniforme doctrine of the primatiue churche many yeares after Chrifte Your honours do wonder, I doubt not, from what fontaine then did this theyr immunitie, as they terme it, and fingular priuilege fpring j I fliall Ihortly tuch that, which is euident in their own law and hiftories. When the byfhopes cf Rome, the verie antichrifts had partly by fraud, and partly by violence vTurped the fuperioritie of fome places in Italie^ and moll iniuftly had ijjoiled the Emperours of their rentes and poflellions, and had aifo murthered foni of the' r officers, as hiftories do witneffe, then began Pope after Pope to pradtife and deuife, how they fliould be exempted from iudgment of Princes and from the equi- tie of lawes, and in this poynt they were mofl vigilant, till at length iniquitie did fo preuaile in theyr handes, according as DjwV/ had before prophefied of them, that this fentence was jironounced, Neither by the emperour, veither by the clergie, neither yet by the people fluU the iudge be iudged. God will, faieth Symmachus, that the caujes oj others be determined by men, but without all quellion he bath referued the Byshr.p of this feat, vnderftanding Rome, to bis own iudgment. And hereof diuerfe popes, and expofitours of their lawes would feme to geue reafons. For faieth .'igatbo. All the preceptes of the apoUolik feat are ajfured, as by the voice of God himfelf. The aQour of the glofe vpon their canon afSrmeth, that if all the world Ihould pronounce fentence againft the pope, yet fhould his fentence preuaile. For, faieth he, the Pope hath a heauenlie will, and therefore he miy chauvge the nature of thivges, he may apply thefubRance of one thing to another, and of nothing he may makefomewbat, and that fentence', which was nothing (that is) hy his inyvd jals and inivUe, he may make fomewhat that is true and iuH. For, faieth he in aU thinges that pleafe bym his will k for reafon ; r.nthcr is there any man that may ajke of hym, Jf'hy doeU thou fo? For he may difpens aboue the law, and ofiniuHice he may make iuHice ; for be hath the fulnes of all power. And manie other moll blafphemous fentences did they pronounce euery one af- ter other, which for fhortnes fake I omitr, till at the end they obtained this moft horrible decrie; that, albeit in life and conuerfation they were fo wicked, and deteftable, that no only they condemned themfelues, but that alfo they drew to bell and perdition manie thoufandes with them, yet that none fhould prefume to re])rehend or rebuke them. This being eftablifhed for tlie head (albeit not with- out fomme contradiction, for fomme emperours did require due obedience of them, as Goddes word commaunded, and auncient Byfhopes had geuen before to Emperours, and to their lawes, but Satan fo preuailed in his fuete beloie the blind U u u u u 2 world, 44^ - T^^^^ AppelUtton of lohn Knoxe. world, that the former fentences were confirmed, which power being graunted to the head) then began prouifion to be made for the reft of the nienibres in all realines and contries, where the)'- made relidence. The fuite whereof we fee to be this, that none of that peftiient generation (I mean the vermine of thePapifti- cal order) will be fnbieft ro anie ciuile Magiftrate, how enormous th^t euer his crime be, but will be referued to their own ordenarie, as they terme it. And what frutes haue hereof enfiied, be the world neuer fo blynd, it cannot but witnelTe. For how their head that Romans Ancichrift hath bene occupied euer fince the grant- ing of fuch priuiledges, hiftories do witnefle, and of late the moft part of Europa fubiefl: to the plage of God, to fier and fworde, by his procurement hath felt, and this day doth fele: The pride, ambition, enuie, excefle, fraude, fpoile, oppreffi- on, murther, filthie life and inceft, that is vfed and mentained amongeft that rab- ble of preeftes, freers, monkes, thannons, bj^lhopes and cardinalles, cannot be ex- prefTed. I fear not to affirme, neither doubt I to proue, that the papifticall church is further degenerate from the puretie of Chriftes doflrine, from the footefteppes ot the Apoftles, and from the maners of the primatiue Church, then was the Church of the lewes from Goddes holy Itatutes, what time it did crucifie Chrift lefus the only Mellias, and moft cruelly perfecnte his Apoftles : And yet will our papiftes claime theyr priuiledges and auncient liberties, which if you graunt vnto them, my Lords, ye Ihall afluredly drink the cup of Goddes vengeance with them, and ftiall be reputed before his prefence, compagnions of theues, and mentainers of mur- therers, as is before declared ; for theyr immunitie and priuiledge, wherof fo great- ly they bolt, is nothinp; els, but as if theues, murtherers or briggandes fhould con- fpire amongeft themfelues, that they would neuer anfwer in iudgement before anie laufuU Magiftrate, to the end that their theft and murther fhould not be puniihedj euen fuch, 1 fay, is their wicked priuiledge, which neither they haue of God the father, neither of Chrift lefus, who hatfi reuealed his father's will to the world, nei- ther yet of the Apoltles nor primatiue Churche, as before is declared : But it is a thinge confpired amongeft thernfelues, to the end that their iniquitie, deteftable life and tyrannie fhall neither be reprelTed nor reformed. And if they objed, that godlieEmperours did graunt and confirme the fame. 1 anfwer, that the godlines of no man is or can be of fufficient auftoritie to iuftifie a foolilhe and vngodlie fad, fuch I mean, as God hath not alowed by his worde -, for Jbraham was a godlie man, but the deniall of his wife was fuch a fa£l, as no godlie man oght to imitate: The fame might Ilhew of Dji/f J, Ezechias, and lojtas, vnto whom I think no man of iudgment will prefer anie emperour fence Chrift, in holines and wifdome, and yet are not all theyr fa6tes, no euen fuch as they appeared to haue done for good caufes, to be approued nor followed. And therefore, I fay, as errour and igno- rance remayn allwaies with the moft perfedl man in this life, lb muft their workes be examined by another rule, then by their own holines, if they ihall be approued. But if this anfwer doth not fuffice, then will 1 anfwer more lhortly,that no godlie emperour fence Chriftes afcenfion hath graunted anie fuch priuiledge to anie fuch Churche or Perfon, as they (the hole generation of Papiftes) be at tliis day. I am not ignorant, that fome emperours of a certaine zeal, and for fome confiderations graunted liberties to the true Church, afflitted for theyr mentainance againft ty- rants •, but what ferueth this for the defence of their tyrannie ? Yf the law muft be vnderftanded according to the mynd of the lawgeuer, then muft they fyrft proue themfelues Chriftes true and afflicted Churche, before they can claim; anie priui- ledge to appertain to them, for only to that Churche were the priuiledges granted i . it will not be their glorious titles, neither yet the long pofTefTion of the name, that can preuaile in this fo weighty a caufe ; for all thofe had the Church of lerufalem^ which did crucifie Chrift, and did condemn his doflrine. We offer to proue by theyr frutes and tyrannie, by the prophets, and playn Icriptures of God, what tries and generation they be, to witt, vnfrutefull and rotten, apt for nothing, but to be cutt and caft in hell tier; yea, that they are the very kingdom of Antichrift, of whom we are commaunded to beware. And therefore, my Lordes, to return to you, fein^ that God hath armed your handes with the fworde of iuftice, feing that his law moft ftreatly commaundeth idolaters and fals Prophets to be punifhed with death. The Jpellation of lohn Knoxe. 44.9 deathi and that you be placed aboue your fubieQs to reign as fathers oner theyr children i and further, feing that not only i, but with me manic thoufand famous, godlic and learned perfons, accufe your Bylhopes and the hole rabble ot the Pjpi- Iticall clergie, of idolatrie, of munher and of blafpheniie againit God conimititd; It appertaineth to your honours to be vigilant and careful! in lb weighty a matter ? The queftion is not of earthly fubftance, but of the glorie of God, and of the fal- uation of your felues, and of your brethren lubied to your charge, in which if you, after this plain admonition, be negligent, there refteth no excufe by reafon of igno- rance j for in the name of God 1 require of you, that the caufe of religion may be tried in your prefence by the playne and flmple word ol God ; that your Eyfliopcs be compelled to defift from theyr tyrannie, that they be compelled to make an- fwer for the negleding of their office, for the fubftance of the poor, which vnjuft- ly they vfurpe, and prodigally they do fpcnd ; but principally for the fals acd de- ceauable doctrine which is taught and defended by theyr fals prophets, fiatteiing freers, and other fuch venomous locuftes .• Which thing if with lingle eyes ye do (preferring G ddes glorie and the faluation of your brethren to all worldli rom- mcditie) then Ihall the fame God, who fblemnly doth pronounce to honour thofe that do honour hym, powr his benediftions plentifully vpon yen, he fhall be your buckler, I roredion and captayne, and fhall repreffe by his ftrength and wifd me, whacfoeuer Satan by his fuppoftes fhall imagine againft you. I am net ignorant that great troubles fhall enfue your enterprife -, for Satan will not be expelled from the poflefhon of his vfurj ed kingdome without refiftance : But if you, as is faid, preferring Goddes glorie to your own Hues, vn eanedly feke and ftudie to obey lis blelTed will, then fhall your deliuerance be fuch, as euidently it fliall be known, that the angels of the eternall do watche, make warr and feght for thofe that vn- feynedly fear the Lord. But if you refule this my moll reafonable and iuft peti- tion, what defence that euer you appear to haue before men, then fhall God (whom in me you contemned refufe you , he fhall poure furthe contempt vpon you, ar.d vpon your polferitie after you ; the fpirit of boldnes and wifdome fliall be taken from you, your ennemies fhali reign, and you fhall die in bondage ; yea, God shall cutt doune the vnfrutefull trees, when they do appeare mcfl beautifully to florish, and shall fo burn the roote, that after of you shall neither twigge ror branch againe fpring to glorie. Hereof I nede not to adduce vnto you examples from the former ages, and auncient hiftories .- For ycur brethren the nobilitie of EvglaTtd are a mirrour and glafTe, in the which ye may beholde Goddes iuft punish- ment ; for as they haue refufed him and his Euangil, which onse in n^cuth they did profefTe, fo hath he refufed them, and hath taken from them the fpirit of wif- dome, boldenes, and of counfil j they fee and fele theyr owne miferie, and yet they haue no grace to auoid it. They hate the bondage of flrangers, the pride of prtefles, and the monfirilerous empire of a wicked woman, and yet are they com- pelled to bowe their reckes to the yock of the deuill, to obey whatfoetier the proud Spaniards and wicked lefabel lift to ccmmaund, and finallie, to fiand like flaues with capp in hand till the feruants of Satan the shauen fort call them to counlil .• This frute do they reapeand gather of their former rebellion and vnfaithfulnes towards Gcd ; they are left confufed in their owne counfils^ be, whcm in his men;bres for the pleafuie of a wicked woman they haue exiled, perficuted ar.d blafpbtmed, doth now laugh them to fkorn, fuffereth them to he pyntd in bondage of n oft wic- ked n.en, and finally, shall adiudge them to the fier euerlaltirg, except that fpede- ]y and openly they repent theyr horrible treafon, which acairft Gcd, Egair.Il his ionne Chrift lefus, and againft the libertie of their owne natiue iealn~ie they haue committed. The fame plages shall fal! upcn you, be you afTured, if je refufe the defence of his feiuantes that call for your fupj ort. My w oids are sharp, hut confi- der, my Lcrds, that they are not trine, but that they are the threatnyrgesof the omnipotent, who afTuredly vill perfuime the voices of his Prophefes, hew thateuei carnall men defpife his admonitiors. The fworde of Goddes wrath is alredie draun, which of necelTitiemuft redes Ifryke, when grace cffred is obftinatly refufed. Ycu taue bene Icrg in bondage of the Deuil, blyndnes, errour and idolatrie pieuailirg againft the llmple tiueth of God in that your realme, in which Gcd hath made ycu X z z z z princes A^o The AffclUmn o/lohn Knoxe. princes and rulers : But now doth God of his great mercic call you to repentance, before he j^ower furth the vttermoft of his vengeance : He crieth to your eares, that your religion is nothing but idolatrie ; hs accufeth you of the blood of his fainfts which ha.h bene shed by your permiflion, afliftance and powers : For the tyrannic of thofe raging beaftes should haue no force, if by your ftrength they were not mentained. Of thofe horrible crimes doth now God accufe you, not of purpofe to condemne you,but mercifully to abfolue and pardon you,as fometyme he did thole, whom Beter accufed to haue killed the fonne of God ; fo that ye be not of mind, nor purpofe to iultifie your former iniquitie. Iniquitie I call not only the crimes and ofFenfes, which haue bene and yet re- maine in your maners and liues, but that alfo which appeareth before men moft holie, with haffard of my life [ ofFre to proue abomination before God ; that is, your hole religion to be fo corrupt and vaine, that no true feruante of God can communicate with it, becaufe that in fo doing he Ihould manifeltly denie Chrift lefus and his eternal veritie. I know that your Bylhopes, accompanied with the fwarme of the Papiftical vermine, fhal crie, A damned beretik oght vot to be hard. But remembre my Lords, what in the beginning I haue protelted, vpon which ground I continually ftand, to witt, that 1 am no heretike nor deceauable teacher, but the feruante of Chriil lefus, a preacher of his infallible veritie, innocent in all that they can lay to my charge concerning my doflrine, and that therefore by them, being ennemies to Chrift, lam iniuftly damned: From which ciuell fen- tence 1 haue appealed and do appeal, as before mention is made j in the mean tyme moft humbly requiring your honours to take me in your proteftion, to be auditours of my iufV defenfes, graunting vnto me the fame libertie which Jcbab, a wicked ki g, and Ifrael at that tyme a blynded people, granted to Helias in the like cafe j that is, that your Bylhopes, and the hole rabble of your clergie may be called before you and before that people whome they haue deceiued, ihat I be not condemned by multitude, by cuftome, by audoritie or law deuifed by man, but that God hymfelfe may be iudge, betwixt me and my aduerfaries. Let God, 1 fay, fpeak by his law, by his prophetes, by Chrift lefus, or by his Apoftles, and fo let hym pronounce, what religion he approueth, and then be my ennemies neuer fo many, and appeare they neuer fo fironge and fo learned, no more do I feare vic- torie, then did Helias, being but one man againft the multitude of Baales preefles^ And if they think to haue aduantage by theyr councils and dodiours, this I further offer to admit the one and the other, as witnelles in all matters debareable, three thinges (which iuftly cannot be denied) being granted vnto me. FirH, That the moft auncient councils nigheft to the primitiue Church, in which the learned and godly fathers did examine all matters by Goddes worde, may be holden of mofl auctority. Secondarely^ That no determination of councils nor man, be admitted againft the plain verity of Goddes word, nor againft the determination of thofe four chefe councils,whofe auftoritie hath bene and is holden by them equal with the auQority of the foure Euangeliftes. And UU, That to no doflour be geuen greater audoritie, then Avgnjline requireth to be geuen to his wri tinges : to wit, if he plainly proue not his affirmation by Goddes infallible worde, that then his fen- tence be reiefted and imputed to the errour of a man. Thefe thinges graunted and admitted, 1 ITiall no more refufe the teftimonies of councils and dodlours then fhall my aduerfaries. But and if they will iuftifie thofe councils, which mentaine theyr pride and vfurped auftoritie, and will reied thofe, which plainly haue condemed all fuch tyranny, negligence and wicked life, as bylhoppes now do vfe : and if further they will fnatch a doubtfull fentence of a dodour, and refufe his mynde, when he fpeaketh plainly, then will I fay, that all man is a Iyer, that credit oght not to be giuen to an vnconftant witnes, and that no councils oght to preuaile, nor be admitted againft the fentence, which God hath pronounced. And thus, my Lordes, in kw wordes to conclude,! haue offred vnto you a rriall of mine innocen- cie: I heue declared vnto you, what God requireth of you, being placed aboue his people, as rulers and princes : I haueofFred vnto you, and to the inhabitants of the realme, the veritie of Chrift lefus, and with the hafard of my life, I prefently of- fer to proue the religion, which amongeft you is mentained by fier and fworde, f o be t'% 'ihc Apcllation of lohii Knoxe. 4.51 be fals, damnable and diabolical!. Which thinges if ye refufe, defending tyrantes in their tyrannie then dare not I flatter, but as it was commaunded to tzecbid boldly to procljim, fo muft I rrie to you, that you (hall perilhe in your iniquitie, that the Lord lefus fhall refufe fo inanie of you, as malicioufly withHand hiseter- nall veriti«, and in the day of his apparition, when all flefli Ihall appear before hym, that he fhall repell you from his compagnie, and fhall connnaund you to the fier, whiche neuer ihall be quenched, and then neither Ihall the multitude be able to refill nei.her yet the councils of man be able to preuaile againlt that fen- tence, which he ihall pronounce. God the father of our Lord lefus ^ Cbrifi, by the pover of his Holie Spirit fo rule and dif- pofe your hearts, that with Jimplicitie ye may covjider the thirges that be offered, avd that ye may take fuch order .n the fame, as God in you may be glorified, avd Chri/tes flock by you may be edified and comforted, totbepraife and glorie of our Lord lefus Cbriji, vbofe omnipotent fpirit rule your hearts in his true fear to the end. Amen. To his beloued Brethren the Commonality of SCOTLANV, loHN Knoxe wiJJjcth gracd mercie^ and peace^ zvith the fpirit of • righteous iitdgement. Vhat I haue required of the Qiiene Regent, eftates and nobilite, as of the chife heades (for this prefenr) of the realme, I cannot ceafe to require of you dearlie beloued brethren, which be the communaliry and body of the fame; To wit, that it, (not- withftanding that fals and cruel fentence, which your difgifed bylhoppes haue pronounced againft me) would pleafeyou to be fo fauourable vnto me, as to be indifferent auditours of my iuft purgation. Which to do, if God earnefHy moue your heartes, as I nothing doubt,but that your mterprife Ihall redoundeto the praife of his holy name, fo am I afTured, that ye and your poflerity fhall by that meanes receauemou lingular comfort, edification and profit. For when ye Ihall heare the matter de- bated, ye fhall eafily perceiue and vnderftand, vpon what grounde and foun- dation is builded that religion, which amongelt you is this day defended by fier and fword. As for my own confcience, I am nioft afl'uredly perfuaded, that what- foeuer is vfed in the papiflical Churche, is altogether repugning to Chriftes blef- fed ordinance, and is nothing but mortal venom, of which whofoeuer drinketh, I am afTaredly perfuaded, that therewith he drinketh deafh and damnation, except by true conuerfion vnto God, he be purged from the fame. But becaufe that long Clence of Goddtsworde hath begotten ignorance almoft in al f rtes of men, and ignorance, ioyned with long cuftome, hath confirmed fuperflition in the heartes of many ; I therefore in the name of the Lord lefus defire audience, as well of you the communality, my brethren, as of the eftates and nobility of the realme, that in publike preaching I may haue place amongeft you at large to vtter my mind in all matters of controuerfie this day in religion. And further I defire, that ye concurring with your nobility would compell your bifhoppes and clergy to ceafe their tyranny, and alfo that, for the better afTurance and inflruftion of your con- fcience, ye would compell your faid bifhoppes and fals teachers to anfwer by the fcriptures of God to fuch obieftions and crimes, as fhall be laid againft their vaine religion, fals do£lrine, wicked life, and fclanderous conuerfation. Here I know, that it fhall be obieded, that I require of you a thing moft vnreafonable; To wit, that ye Ihould call your religion in doubt, which haih bene approued and eftablifli- X z z z I 2 ed ^52 The Jppellation of iohnKnoxQ. ed by fo long continuance, and by the confent of fo many men before you. But I fhortly anfwer, that neither is the long procefle of tyme, neither yet the multi- tude of men a fuflficient approbation, which God will allow for our religion. For as fomme of the molt auncient writers do witnefle, neither can long procefle of tyme iuftifie an errour, neither can the multitude of fuch, as folow it, chauug the nature of the fame. But if it was an errour in the begynning, fo is it in the end, and the longer that it be fblowed, and the mo that doe receaue it, it is the more peftilent, and more to be avoided. For if antiquity or multitude of men could iu- ftifie any religion, then was the idolatry of the Gentiles, and now is the abomina- tion of the Juikes good religion. For antiquity approued the one, and a multitude hath receaued and doth defende the other. But otherwife to anfwer, godly men may wonder, trorn what fbntaine fuch a fentence doth flow, that no man oght to try his faith and religion by Goddes worde, but that he fately may beleue and fol- low euery thing, which antiquity and a multitude haue approued. The Ipirit of God doth otherwife teach u.. For the wifdome or God, Chrift lefus himfelfe re- mitted his aduerfaries to Mofes, and the fcriptures, to trie by them, whether his doflrine was of God or not. The Apofliles Paiile and Peter commaunde men to trie the religion, which they profefle, by Goddes plaine fcriptures, and do praife men for fo doing. St. M« Itraytly commaundeth, That we beleue not every Ipirit^ but willtth Hs to trie the fpirits, whether they be of God or not. Now leyng that thefe euident teflcimonies of the Holy Ghofl: will us to try ourfaithand religion by the plaine worde of God, wonder it is, that the papiftes will not be content, that theyr religion and do8:rine comme vnder the triall of the fame. If this fentence of Ghrift be true (as it is moft true, feing it fpringeth from the veritie it felf) whofo euil doeth, hateth the light, neither will he comme to the light, left that his euill workes be tnanifefted and rebuked ; then do our paj^iftes by their own fentence condemn theta- felves and theyr religion. For in fo far as they refufe examination and trial, they declare, that they know fomme fault, which the light will vtter : which is a caule of theyr feare, and why they claime to that priuiledge, that no man difpute of theyr religion. The veritie and trueth, being of the nature of fyne purified gold, doth not fear the trial of the fornace, but the ftuble and chaf of mannesinuentions (fuch as theyr religion) may not abide the flame of the fier. True it is, that Ma- hornet pronounced this fentence, that no man fliould in paine of death difpute or reafon of the grounde of his religion. Which law to this day by the art of Satan is yet obferued amongeft the Tiirkes, to theyr mortal blindnes and horrible blafphe- myng of Chrift lefus, and of his true religion. And from Mahomet for rather from Satan father of all lies) hath the Pope and his rabble learned this former lelTon, to wit, that theyr religion (hould not be difputed vpon, butwliat the fathers haue be- lieued, that ought and muft the children approue. And in fo diuifing Satan lacked not his forefight. For no one thing hath more eftablifhed the kingdome of that iJowawe Antichrifl, then this moft wicked decrie. To wit, that no man was per- mitted to reafon of his power, or to call his lawes in doubt. This thing is mofl afTured, that whenfoeuer the papifticali religion fhall comme to examination, it flial be founde to haue no other grounde, then hath the religion of Mahomet, To wit, mannes inuention, deuife and dreame ouerfliadowed with fomme colour of Goddes worde. And therefore brethren, feing that the religion is, as the ftomake tothebodie, which, if it be corrupted, doth infedt the hole membres, it is necef^ fare that the fame be examined -, and if it be founde replenilhed with peftilent hu- mours, (1 mean with the fantafies of men) then of necelFity it is, that thofe be purged, els fhall your bodies and foiiles perilhe for euer. For of this I would ye were moft certainly perfuaded, that a corrupt religion defileth the hole life of man, appear it neuer fo holy. Neither would I that ye fhould efteme the reformation and care of religion lefe to appertaine to you, becaufe ye are no kinges, rulers, iudges, nobils, nor in au£lority. Beloued brethren, ye are Goddes creatures, cre- tited and formed to his own image and fimilitude, for whofe redemption was fhed the moft precious blood of the only beloued fbnne of God, to whome he hath com- maunded his Ghofpell and glad tidinges to be preached,and for whome he hath prepared the heauenlie inheritance, fo that ye will not obftinately refufe, and dif- daioefuUjr lohn Knoxe to the Commvnahie. 4.53 daiiiefully contemne the meanes, which he hath appointed to obtaine the Cjtne •, to wit, his blefled Euangile, which now he oftexeth vr.to jou, to the end that ye may be faucd. For the Golpfli and glad tidingesoft e kingdoine truly preached, is tho power ot God to the fa In at ion of entry belieuer, wl.ich lo credit and rcceaue you the (ommoiiality are no lefleadJebtted, then be your rulers and princes. For albe- it God hath put and ordened diftinftion and difterence betwiit the king and the fub- ie£les, betwiit the rulers ar.d the commune people in the regiment and adniiniftia- tion of ciuil policies, yet in the hopeot the life tocomme, he huth maueall equal!. For as in Chrift lefus h&Iew hath no greater prerogatiue, then hath the GnniJe^ the man, then hath the woman, the learned then the vnlearned, the lord, then the feruanre, but all are one in him, fo is there but one way and meanes to attaine to the participation of liis benefitesand fpiritual graces, which is a liuely faith work- ing by charity. And therefore 1 fay, that it doih no leile appertaine to ynu, bdou- ed brethren, to be afTured that your faith and religion be grounded and elfabliflied vpon the true and vndoubted worde ot God, then to your princes, or rulers. For as your bodies cannot efcape corporal death, if with your princes ye eater drink deadlie poifon (althoughe it be by ignorance or negligence) fo Call ye not efcape the death euerlafting, if with them ye profeffe a corrupt religion. Yea, except in heart ye beleue, and with mouth ye conitlle the Lord Icfus, to be the onlie faviour of the world (which ye cannot do, except ye embrace hist uaugile offered) yecannot efcape death and damnation. For as theiuit liueth fy his own faith, lo doth the vnfaithfull periihe by his infidclifie. Ar.d as true fa'th is ergendred, norifh- ed, and mentained in the heartes of Goddes elect by Cihrilleshuangile trulie preach- ed, fo is iifidelit}' and vnbelete loitered by concealing and reprefling the farre- And thus if ye loke lor the life euerlafting, ye muft trie if ye ftand in faith, and if ye would be allured of a true and liuely faith, ye muft nedes have Chiift lefus truely preached vnto you. And ihis is the caule (dear brethren) that fooft I repeat, and fo coiiilantly I affirm, that to you it doth no lelle appertaine, then to your kinge or princes, to prouide that Chrilt lefus be truely preached amcngeftycu, feing that without his true knoUedge can neither of you both attaine to faluation. And this is the poynr, wherein, 1 fay, all men is equal. That as ali be defceniei from Adam, by vboje fyv avd ivobedievce did death ertct into the world, Jo it behoued all, thatjliall obtaine life, to be ingrafted in one. that is, iv the Lord lejiis, who beivg the iufl ferwant^ doth by bis knoUedge iijtife many : to wit, allthat wjcantdly beleue in hym. Of this equalitie, and that God requireth no lefs of the fubit£f, be he neuer fo poore, then of the prince and rube men in matters of religion, he hath giren an euident declaration in the law of Mofes. For when the tabernacle was buyldcd, er- refted, and fet in order, God did prouide, how it, ard the things ap peiiainirg td the fame, fhouldbe fultained, fo that they Ihould rot fall in decay. And this prouifion (albeit heauen and eatth obey his enipite) would he net take frcm thefe- crete and hid treafures, which ly difperfed in the vaines of the earthe, neither yet would he take it from the riche and potent of his people, but le did crn n~aund, that every man of the fonnesof7/rae/(were he rich, or were he poore} that cameirl compt from twenty yeares and vpward, Ihould yearely pay half a ficle for an oblati- on to the Lord in the remembrance of their redemption, and frr an expiation or clenfing of their foules, which money God commaunded fhculd be btfowed vpon the ornamcntesand neceflaries of the tabernacle of ftHimony. He furtlfrmore added a precept, that the riche fhculd giiie no more for that vfe, and in that be- half, then fhculd the poor, neither yet that the poor fliCuld gii:e any lefle theii Ihould the rich in that confideration. This law to manres re^ftn ard irdgen'ent may appear \erie vnreaff nab!e. For frrrme rich iren might hate get'er a thou- fand fickle.'; with lefTe hurt of his fubftance, then fcnme peer nan ir fht hare payed the half fickle. And yet God m^keth all equal, ard will that thecrefhall pay no more then the other, neither yet tl e peer any lefs then the rich. This law I fay n:ay aj pear very urequall. 1 ut if the caufe, which Grd addeih, be cbferued, we shall fynde in the fame the great irercy and ineftitnable wifdcm ot Gcd to ap- pear, which caufe is eipielTed in thtfe wordes, y y y y y TbU John Knoxe to the Commvnaltie. Tbii momy receamdfrom the children ofljrael thou JJ)alt gene in the feruice of the ta- berracle, that it may be to the cbildreji ofljraelfor a remembrance before the Lord, that be may be merciful to your fouler. This caufe, 1 fay, doth euidently declare, that as the hole multitude was de- liuered f)oin ihe bondage of iS^^pt by the mightie power of God alone, fo was euery membra of the fame without refpeO: of perfons, fanftified by his grace, the riche in that behalf nothing preferred to the pooreft. For by no merit, nor wor- thynes of man was he moucd to chofe, and to eltablilhe his habitation and dwel- ling amongeft them. Bur their felicity, prerogatiue and honour, which they had aboue all other nations, proceded only from the fountaine of his eternal gcodnes, who loued them freely, as that he freely had chofen them to be his preeftly kingdom and hoiie people from all nations of the earth. Thus to honour them, that he would dwell in the middelt of them, he neither was moued (1 fay) by the wifdome of the wife, by the riches of the potent, neither yet by the vertue and holynefs of any eftate amongeft them, but of mere goodnes did he loue them, and with his pre- fence did he honour that hole people, and therefore to paynt owt the fame his commune loue to the hole multitude, and to cut of occafions of contention, and doubtes of confcience, he would receaue no more . from the rich, then from the poore for the maintenance of that his tabernacle, by the which was reprefented his prefence, and habitati n amongeft them. Yf the riche had bene preferred to the poore, then as the one fhould haue been puffed vp with pride, as that he had bene more acceptable to God by reafon of his greater gift, fo Ihould the confcience of the other haue bene troubled and wounded, thinking that his pouertie was an impediment, that he could not ftand in fo perfedt fauour with God, as did the other, becaufe he was not able to giue fo much, as did the rich, to the mentenance of his tabernacle. But he, who of mercy (asfaid is) did chofe his habitation a- mongefl: them, and alfo that beft knoweth, what lieth within man, did prouide the remedie for the one, and for the other, making them equal in that behalfe, who in other thinges were molt vnequal. Yf the poore fhould haue founde hymfelf greued, by realbn of that taie, and that afmuch was impofed vpon hym, as vpon the riche, yet had he no fmall caufe of ioy, that God himfelfe would pleafe to com- pare hym, and to make hym equal in the mentenance of his tabernacle to the moft riche and potent in Ijrael. Yf this equalitie was commaunded by God for mente- nance of that tranfitorie tabernacle, which was but a fhadoe of a better to comme,. is not the fame required of vs, who now hath the ueritie, which is Chrift lefus ? who being clad with our nature is made hnmamiel, that is, God with vs. WT?ofe natural bodie^ albeit it be receaved in the heavens^ where he mvfl abyde tiB ali be complete^ that is forefpoken by the prophetes ; yet hath he promifed to be prefent with vs to the end oj the world. And for that purpofe, and for the more afTurance of his promiffe, he hath erefted amongeft vs here in earthe the fignes of his own prefence with vs, his fpiritual ta- bernacle, the true preaching of his worde, and right adminiftration of his facra- inentes. To the mentenance whereof is no leffe bounde the fubieft, then the prince, the poore, then the riche. For as the price, which was geuen for mannes redemp- tion, is one-, fo requireth God of all, that fhall be partakers of the bcnefites of the lame, a like duetie, which is a plaine confeffion, that by Chrift lefus alone we haue leceaued, what foeuer was loft in Jdam. Of the prince doth God require, that he lefufe hymfelf, and that he folow Chrilt lefus ; of the fubieft he requireth the fame. Of the kinges and iudges it is required, that they kifle the fonne, that is, giue ho- nour, fubieciion and obedience to hym. And from fuch reuerence doth not God ex- empt the fubie£t, iha*^ fhall be faued. And this is that equalitie, which is betwixt the kinges and the fubiedes, the moft riche or noble, and betwixt the pooreft, and men of loweft eftate •, to wit, that as the one is oblilhed to beleue in heart, and with mouth to confeffe the Lord lefus, to be the only fauiour of the world, Co alfb is the other. Neither is there any of Goddes children (who hafh attained to the yeares of difcretion ) fo poore, but that he hath thus much to beftow vpon the or- namentes, and maintenance of their fpiritual tabernacle, when necefCtie requireth; neither yet is there anie fo riche, of whofe hande God requireth anie more. For al- beit John Knoxe to the Omimv uhie. 455 beit that Dauid gathered great fubftance, for the buylding of the temple; that SjIo' won with earnelt diligence, and incredible eipenfes cnfted and finilhed the fame; that Execbhs and lojias purged the religion, whiih before was corrupted ^ yet to them was God no further dettour in that refped, then he was to the moll iiniplc of the faithtull poftentie of faithfull Abrahim. For iheyr diligence, zeal and workes, gaue rather teltimony and confelLon before mtn, what honour they did bear to God, what loue to his worde, and reuerence to his religion, then that any worke proceading from them did cither eftabliihe, or yet encreale Goddes fauoure towardes them, who freely did loue them, in Chrift his fonne, before the foundation of the world was laied. So that thefe forenamed by theyr notable workes gaue teftimonie of theyr vnfained faith, and the fame doth the pooreft, that unlean dly and openly proftfFeth Chrift lefus, that doth embrafe his glad tydinges offreJ, that doth abhorrt fuperftition and flie from idolatry. The pooreft, 1 fay, and moft fimple, that this day in earth in the daies of this cruel perfecution, fermely btleu- eth in Chirft, and boldly doth confeffe hym before this wicked generation, is no lefle acceptable before God, neither is iudged in his prefence to haue dore any Icfle in promoting Chrift his caufe, then is the king, that by the fworde and power, which he hath receaued of God, wrootethowt idolatry, and fo aduanceth Chriifes glorie. Kut to return to our former purpofe, it is no lefle required, I fay, of the fubietle to beleue in Chrift, and to profefTe his true religion, then of the prince and king. And therefore I af&rme, that in Goddes prefence it Ihall not excufe you to allcdge, that ye were no chefe rulers, and therefore that the care and reformation of religion did not appertaine vnto you. Ye dear brethren (as before is faid) are the creatures of God, created to his own image and fimilitude, to wbome it is commaunded to heat the voyce of your heaiienly father, to embrafe his fbnne Chrift lefus, to flie from all dodtrine and re- ligion, which he hath not approued by his own will reuealed to vs in his molt blef- fed worde To which preceptes and charges, if ye be founde inobedient, ye (hall petilh in your iniquitie, as rebelles and fiubborn feruantes, that haue no pleafure to obey the good will ot their foueraigne lord, who moft louingly doth (.all for vcur obedience- And therefore, brethren, in this behalf it is your pait to be careful! and diligent. For the queftion is not of thinges temporal!, which althoghe they be endauugered, yet by diligence and procefTe of tyme, may alter be red rcfTed. but it is of the damnation of your bodies and foules, and of theloffe of the life euerlafting^ which once loft can neuer be recouered. And therefore, I fay, that it behoueth you to be caretul and diligent in this fb weghtie a matter, left that ye, contemn- yng this occafion, which God now ofFereth, fynd not the like, althogI;e that after with grony Dg and fobbes, ye languyflie for the fame. And that ye be not ignorant of what occafion 1 mean, in few words I thai) exprelTe it. Not only I, but with mealfodiuers ether godly and learned men do offer vnto you our labours, faithfully to inftruQ you in the waies of the eternal our God, and in the fyncerity of Chriftes Euangil, which this day by the ptftilent generation of Antichrift (I mean by the pope, and by his moft vngcdly clergy) are almoft liyd from the eies of men. "W'e offer toieopard our lines for the fahiationof your foule?, and by manifeft fcriptures to proue that religion, which amongeft you is mtntained by fier and fworde, tobevaine, fals and diabolical. We require nothing of you, but that paciently ye will heare our doftrine, which is not oures, but is the doc- trine of faluation reuealed to the world by the onlie fon of God ; and that ye will examine our reafons, by the which we offer to proue the papiftical religion to be abominable before God. And laft we require, that by your power the tyrannic of thefe cruel beaftes, (I mean of preefts and freers) mey be brideled till we haie vt- tered our mindes in all matters this day debateable in religion. Yf thefe thinges in the fear of God ye graunt to me, and vnto others, that vnfeanedly for your fal- uation, and for Goddes glorie require the fame, I am afTured, that of God yefhall be blefled, whatfbeuer Satan fhall deuife againft you. But and if ye contemne or f efufe God, who thus louingly offereth vnto you faluation and life, ye Ihall nei- ther efcape plages temporall, whichefhortly (hal apprehend you, neither yet the toiment prepared for the deuil, and for his angels, except by fpedie repentance ye Y y y y y 2 retnrne 456 lohn Knoxe to the Cjfn^hvnaltie. returne to the Lord, whome now ye refufe, if that 3'e refufe the melTingers of his but yet I think ye doubt, what ye oght, and may do in this fo weghtie a mat- ter. In few wordes I will declare my Confcience in the one and in the other. Ye oght to prefer the glorie of God, the promoting of Chrift his Euangil, and the fal- uationof your foules to all thinges, that be in earth: and ye, althogh ye be but fubjedes, may lawfully require of your fuperiors, be it of your king, be it of your lordes, rulers and powers, that they provide for you true preachers, and that they expel fucli.as under the names of paflours deuoure and deftroy the flock, not feeding the fame as Chrift lefus hath commaunded. And if in this point your fuperiour be negligent, or yet pretend to maintaine tyrantes in their tyrannie, moft juftly ye may provide true teachers for yourfelves, be it in your cities, townes or villages: them ye may maintaine and defend againfl all, that ihall perfecute them, and by that means Ihall labour to defraud you of that mott comfortable food of your foules, Chriftes Euangil truely preached. Ye may moreouer withold the frutes, and p'rofetts, which your fals Byfhoppes and clergy moft unjultly receive of you, vnto fuch ryrae as they be compelled faithfully to do theyr charge and duties, which is to preach unto you Chrifl: lefus truly, ryghtly to minifier his facraments according to his own inftitutioa, and fo to watche tor the faluation of your foules, as is commaunded by Chrift lefus hymfelf,and by his apoftles Paul and Peter. Yf God Iball move your heartes in his true fear to. begynne to praQife thefe things, and to demand and crave the fame of your fuperiors, which moft lawfully ye may do, then I doubt not, but of his great mercy, and free Grace he fhall illuminate the eyes of your myndes that his undoubted veritie fhal be a lantern to your feete to guyde and lead you in all the wayes, which his godlie wifdome doth approue. He Ihall make your enemies tremble before your faces, he Ihall eftablilh his blefled Euangil amongeft you to the faluation and perpetual comfort of your felues, and of yourPofterity after you. But and if ("as God forbyd) the loue of frendes, the fear of your Princes, and the wifdome of the world draw you back from God, and his fonne Chrift lefus, be ye certainly perfuaded, that ye Ihall drink the cupp of his vengeance, fo many I mean as ihall contemue and dilpife this louing calling of your heavenlie father. It wil not excufe you (dear Brethren) in the prefence of God, neither yet will it auaile you in the day of his vifitation, to fay. We were but fimple fubje£ls, we could not redrefs the faults and crimes of our rulers, By- fhoppes, and clergie t we called for reformatioun, and wifhed for the fame, but Lords brethren were Bylhoppes, theyr fonnes were abbottes, and the frendes of f reatmen had the pofteflion of the Churche, and fo were we compelled to giue obe- dience to all, that they demaunded. Thefe vain excufes, I fay, will nothing auaile you in the prefence of God, who requireth no lefs of the fubiedes, than of the rulers, that they decline from euil, and that they do good, that they abftaine from idolatrie, fuperftition, blafphemie, mutther and other fuch horrible crimes, which his law forbiddeth, and yet nottheles are openly committed and malicioufly cefend- ed in that miferable realme. And if ye thmk that ye are innocent becaufe ye are not the chefe auftors of fuch iniquitie, ye are utterly deceaued. For God doth not only punifli the chefe offenders, but with them doth he damne the confenters to iniquitie .• and all are judged to confent, that knowing impietie committed give no teftimonie, that the fame difpleafeth them. To fpeak this matter more playne, as your princes and rulers are criminal with your Byfhoppes of all idolatrie com- mitted, and of all the innocent blood, that is ihed for the the teftimonie of Chriftes truerh, and that becaufe they maintaine them in theyr tyranne, fo are you (1 mean fo many of you, as giue no playn confelfion to the contrarie) criminal and giltie with your princes and rulers of the fame crimes, becaus ye affift and main- taine your princes in their blinde rage, and giue no declaration, that their tyrannie difpeafeth ) ou. This do6lrine I know is ftrange to the blind world, but the ve- ritie of it hath been declared in all notable panilhments from the beginning. When the original world perilhed by water, when Sodom and Gomorrah were con- fumed by fier, and finally when lenifalem was horribly deftroyed, doth any man think, that all were alike wicked before the world? Evident it is^ that they were not, if they Ihall be iudged according to theyr external fa£les. For fomme were yonge. lohn Knoxe to the Commvualtie, ^57 yonge, and could not be oprrcfTours, neither yet could defile themfelues wiih vn- niitural and bealtlie lultes: fomme were piiikiland gentle ot nature, and did not thritt tor the blooi ot Chrift, nor ot" his Apolties. But du any efcape the pLiges and ve:igeance, which did apprehend the multitude > Let the firiptures wit- iiciie and the hiUories be confidered, which plainlie do teftihe, that by the waters ail tielhe in earth at that time did perilh, (Ao.ii and his familie relerued) that r.one ellapcd in Suiom and in the other cities adiacent, except Lot and his two thughters. And euident it is, that in that famous cisie Lruplcm in that lalt and horrible deftniciion ot the fame none efcaped goddes vengeance, except lb mjny as belore were difpirltd. And what is the caufe ot this feueritie, feeing that all were rot a like ofienders ? Let tleih ceafe to difputewiih God, and let all man by thefe examples learne betimes to tiie and auoid the focictie andcompaignie ot the ct the proude contemners of God, if that they lilt net to be partakers of their plages. The caufe is euident: if we can be lubie£t without grudging to goddes iiidements, which in themfelues are moft holie and iufl. For in the original world none was founde, that either did refifl tyranuie and oppreifion, that vniuer- lailie was vfed, either yet that earneltly reprehended the fame. In Scdom was none found that did agniniland that furious and bealilie multitude, that didcom- paife about and befige thehoufe of Lot. Non would beleue Lot, that the citie fhould Ledeltroyed. And finally in lerufdlem was none found, that ffudied to repiefs the tyrannic of the Preelies, who were coniured againlt Chrift and his Luangil, but all fainted, (1 except euer fucb, as gaue witnefs with their blood, or their trying, that fuch impietie difpleafed themj all kept filence, by the which all approued iniquitie, and ioyned hands with the tyrantes, and fo were all arrayed ar^d fef, as ithad'bene, in one battayle againft the omnipotent, and againfthis fonne Chrifl Itfus. For whofoener gathereth not with Chrilt in the day of his harueft, is iudg- ed to fcatte-. And therefore of one vengeance temporal were they all partakers. Which Thing as before I have touched, ought to moue you to the depe confidera- tion of your duties in theie laft and moft perilous times. The iniquitie of your Bi- Ihoppes is more thanmanifeft : their filthy lines inted the aier, the innocent blood, W'hiih they fhed, crieth vengeance in the ears of our God: the idolatrie and abo- min:uion, whi;h openly they commit, and without punilhment maintaine, doth corrupt a'i;d d.-file the hole land ; and none amongelt you doth vnfainedly ftudie for any redrefli of fuch enormities. Wil God in this behalf hold you as innocentes ? Be not Je(eaved dear Brethren. God hath punished not only the proud tyrantes, filthie peifons, and ciuel murtherers, but aifo fuch, as with them did draw the yoke of iniquitie, was it by flattering their offences, obeying their iniuft eoin- uiaundmentes, or in winking at their manifelt iniquitie. All fuch, I fay, hath God once punishrd with the chete offenders. Be ye afTured, f reihret], that as he is immutable of nature, fo will he not pardon in you that, which fo ftuerely he hatfi punished in others, and now tlie lefTe, becaufe he hath plainly admonished you of thedaurgers to come, and hath offred you his mercie before he poure furth his wrath and di'piealnre upcn the inobedient. God the father of our Lord lefus Chrift, who is'tather of glorie, and God of all confolation, geue you the fpirit of wifdom, and open \\\xo vou the knolledge of him lelf by the meanes of his dear fonne, by the which ve may attain to the efj erance and hope, that after the trubles o'f this trar.litor'ious lite ye may be partakers of the riclies of that glorious Inheritance, which is prepared for fuch, as retufu them felves, and feght under the banner of Chrilt lefiis in the day of this hi« butaile ; that in depe confideration of the fame ye may learn topreft;rthe inuifible and eternal icys to the vaine pleafures, that are prefent. God further graunt you his l.oiie fpirit, righteoufly to confider, what 1 in his name haue required of your nrli'.itie, and of you the fubicds, and motie you all togitlier fo to anfwer, that my i)eii'.ion be not a ftlunionie of yniir iuft condemnation, when the Lord Jefus shall appear to revenge the blood of his laincls, and the contempt of his moft holie worde. Amen. Sle.ip vot htfy.i, for verg'.aMe is prepared agaivft .ill ir.obeimt. Flie from F.JPylon, if yewillnotbepjTtAertofherphges. Be witnelTe to mv Afpellation. Grace be with vou. Frrm Ctnaia the 14. of iu- ft 1558. Tour Brother to comnuvd in G=diincjs, I 0 H ^ K A 0 X E. Z z z z z An 458 cl^£^#'3^3§JJ(©:^ili.-"Ji.(l^.S^^(2^5it^^(3^(5p(l)^ A N ADMONITION T O England and Scotland to call them to repen- tance, written by Antom Gi.hj. Hereas many liane written many profitable admonitions to you waine, (O Hvglavd and Scotland^ both makingeons Hand moft ha,)- pie, if you could know your own happincs) ioinme againfl: the regi- ment of women, wherewith ye are bothe plwged, fonnne aginft vn- jnlauful obedience, and the admitting of ftrangers to be yourkinges, fomme declaring the vile nature of the Spatuai ds.^ vvhnme tbou O Eyjg- Ja«d, to thy deftrudtion mainteinefl, fomme the prjde of the Frenchmen^ whonie thou, O Scotland, to thy ruine leceauefl: •• and aiany bundrethes with jtnne, wjth tonge, with worde, with writing, with ieopavdie and loife of larides, gf^oHs, and lyues, haue admonilhed you bothe twaine of that cankred poyfon of papiftrie, that ye fofter and pamper to your own perdition, and vtter deftriiftion of foiiles and bodies, of your feluesand yovrs for now and euer. I thoght it my duetie (feeing your deflru(3ion to mans iudgement to draw fo neare) how much or little fb euer they haue prenailed, yet once againe to admonilhe you both, to giue tefiimonie to that trueth, which my breihren haue written, and efperially to ftirre your hearts to repentance, or at the leafl: to cffre my felfe a witnelTe againft you ; for the iu- ftice of God and his righteous iudgementes, which doubtles (if your heartsbe hard- ned) againfr you both are at hand to be vttered. Thus by our writings, whome it pleafeth God to Ityrre vp of your nations, all men, that now line, and that fhall come after vs, fhall haue caufe alfo to praife the mercie of God, that fo oft admonifli- eth before hedo Itryke, ai d to confider his iufi: punifhment, when he fhall poure forth his vengeance. Glue eare therefore betimes, O Biitame (for of that name both reioyfeth) whiles the Lord calleth, eihorteth, and admoniiheth, that is the accept- able tyme, when he will be founde. Yf ye refufe the tyme off red ye cannot haue it afterward thogh wi h teares(as did Ejau) ye do feme to feke it. Yet once again in Goddes bthalfe, I do oft're you the uery meanes, which if God of his mercits graunte yon grace to fohnv, I doubt nothing but that of al 3:our tnncmies fpedely ye fliall be deliuered. Ye reioyce at this word, I am fure, if ye haue ani hope of the perfourmance. Then barken to the matter, which I do write vnto yon, not furthofmennes dreames nor fables, nor fur?h of prophane hiflnries, painted with mannes wifdome, vaine eloqiunce, or fubtile veafons, but ftuih of the infallible trueth of Goddes worde, and by fuch plaine demonflerations, as Ihall be able tncon- uince euery one of yourowne coufciences, be he neuer fo obftinate. i will aske no further Antboni Gi'hy tO E?g!.i} id and Scoiliud. 4.5^ further judges. Is not rliis Goddcs ciirfe and threatninge, amongefl: manj othe pronounced againft fhe finfiill land and difobtdient people > Tbjt Jir ingm JliouU d-:iwure the frvtc tj thy land that the Jlr.ivgcr fmild cJyme abnuc tbs, and th'.u Jlwuld comvie domie avd be his ivfcTiour ; he JiuU be the hcjd and thou the UiU. The Lord JbjU bring vpon the a people jarr of^ vboje tongue thou canjfe not vnd^r- ftjjtd^ thyjfron^ wales mbcrein thou tru/ted, fh^iU be dfjlru'ied, fee. And doih not hj'aie xecken thisalfoas the eitreuiity ol all plages tor the wickednes of the people to haue women raifvd vp to rule over you > But what faieth the lame prophete in the be- gyiin/ng of his prophe/ie for a remedy againft thefe and all other euilles' Jour bJTides are full of blood, (faieth he) O you princes of Sodom, and ynu people of Gomorrba, bat wajhe you, make you cleanc, take away your wicked thoghts furth of my Jigbt. Ccafe to do euil^ learn to do well, jeke iudgemcnt, help the opprcffed, &c then will J turn my band to the, and trie owt all thy dirjfe^ and take away thy tyime, and I will re- fore thy iudges as afore tyme^ andcoiiytjiloiirs, as of old And ^lofes fjid before in the place alledged. That if thou wilt heare the voice of the Lorde thy God, and do his com- mjv.vdcments, thou fijlt be biffed in the tegonne to chaftice, without fomme token of repentance? Confider how the Lord hath intreared /^'rat'.' and /nia his cvi'ne people : how oft they trefpafed, and how he gsne them ouer into rhe hand of their ennemies. But whenfoeuer they re- pented ar(d turned againe to God vnfearecilie, he fent them iudgesand deliuerers, tinges and fiiiiours. This way then oi repentance and vnfeaned turning to God by otedience, is tl t onlie way before Cod accepted and alowed. Therefore was Ar>ji fent to the old world to bring I'lis doQrine of repentance, and all the old piopheces, as Elias, Ulifeui, EfaiaSy / rc;;;ijj and Mahchias^ and he, who excelled Z 2 2 z z 2 all /<- /\.6o Antboni Gilhy to Engt.md and Scotland, all the propbetes, lohn Baptift. Anie of whofe ftiles, and sharpe rebukes of fvnners if I should now vfe,it would be thcght full ftrange and haidely would be fuffered : yet were anie of their lefTons, wherebie they called to repentance, mofi- mete lor our tyme and age, and nothings difjgreinge from this my prefent purpofe. For the fame fpirit Hill ftriueth againfl: the malice oFour tyir.es, ihoghe in diuerfe inftm- mentes and fundrie fortes and fashions, ^oah pronounceth, thit within an hund- reth and twentie yeares all fleshe should be deRiojed. V\ e haue many Noh.ies, that fo crieth in our rymes, yet no man repenteth. All the tyme, that Noah was iMe- paring for the ark to auoide Goddes vengeance, the muliifude derided this hole prophete, as the multitude ot you two realmes doth at this day deride all them, that by obedience to Goddes worde, feke the meanes appoinitd to auold Goddes iudgementes. Then the people would not repent, but as they should liue for euer, they maried, they banketed, theybuilded, they planted, deriding Gods mefTenger. Do not you the like? I appeale to your own conlciences. You marie, but not in God, but to betray your countriis, you banket and builde with the blood of the poore. The Lords callcth to J.iJIivg Cfiieth the propnete Efne) to mortifie themfelues, and to kill their luiies, but they kill jhepe ajiii buUockes^ leranie crieth lor feares aid la- mentation, they laugheand mock. JiUhchie crieth to the people of his tyme, Turn vnto 7ne avd I will tiirne to you, fajeth the Lorde of hojies^ and they proudly anfwer, wherevr JI)aU we returve? Are ye not fuche ? Do not ye aske wherem fhall we returne, when ye will not know yourfinnes? when yetannotconlelTe, noracknoUedgej^our faultes, thoghe ye go a hooringe in euerie ttreer, towne and village with your idols ? thoghe th blood of the opprclfed crie euerie where againfi; you for vengeance ? So that feyng no token of repentance 1 can not crie vnto you with lohi Bajjtijt^ 0 ye ge7ieratimi of vipers who hath taught you to fie from the wrath to ccmme ? 0 that 1 might fee fo good tokens, that ye would fear goddes wrath and vengeance. But this mult 1 fay to you both to your confnfion, and Ihame, that ye are fuch vipers and ferpentes, vntil I fee better tokei.s. You do what ye can to deftroy your pa- rentes, you cart: ot God your heavenlie father, ye will not fear hym calli? g you to repentance, you deftroy and banilhe your fpiritual fathers, which once had begotten you as fpiritual children by tlie wotde of tiueth, yow confumeyou countree, which hath geuen you corporal life, you flinge with tongues and rayles all, that would draw you from your wickednes. Finally, Man, woman, and childe, are either venem- ed with your poyfons or ftingged with your tayles. In you are fulfilled the wordes ofDauid, Their throteis anopeiij'epulchre, w.th their tctniges they haue deceiued, thepoy- Jovofafpis is vvder their lippes, their vimithes are full of curfe avdbitterves, their jete are fwift to Jl)cdd blood, deftruBion avd wrctchednes are in their miyes, avd the way of peace they haue not htowen, tbefeare vfG.>d is not before there eyes, &c. 1 do know your tendre earcs, you can not be grated with fuch fharpe fentences of condemnation, that thus prick you to the hearts: howbeit thus it behoveth, that ye be taught to iudge your felues, that in the end ye be not danmed with the wick- ed world. But I will wound yon no more with the words of the propheces, with the fayinges of Dauid, or of this holy faintt of God lohn the Baptift, but with our fa- viour Chrilt's two moft fwete parables of she two fonnes, and of the tilnien, to whom he fet his vineyard, 1 will labour to fet before your eyes your rebellion, hypocrifle, and crueltie, if fo I can bring any of you to repentance. Our fauiour Chrift putteth furththis parable, A certain itian had two foTwes, avd he came to the firjl, and faid Jcmne go ar.d work to day in my vineyard. If ho avjwercd, 1 will not, but ajterward reperted and tpent. Then cameheto thefecond, and f aid lihewife^ avd he avjwered, I will Jir, but went vot. Wherein a wonderful comfort firft is to be confidered, how the Lord our God ma- ker of heaven and earth doth humble him felfe not only to be called a man, a husband- man, ahouiliolder, and fuch like, but he abafcth himfeli of mercie to vsvile earth and aslhes, that his fonne becometh man to make mankind glorious in his fight, to make all thnfe that do not refufe his grace nfFred,of thellaves of Satan, his fonnes by adoption. You are his fonnes, you areihis vineyard, yosi areas dear unto him, as the apple of his eye, as Mnjes fpeaketh, if you can beleue itj he fweareth thafr-you ihall Anthoni Gilhy to Erig^^nd and Scotland. ^6 I be his inherit ince, andhe wiil be yours, if ye will onlie receiue his grace and btltiid him, when he f-veareth, will ye call his triicth into doubt > his glori^e into ^hame hv your ir.is!;elefe ^ Better it were, that all irealures should perish, heaven, man jnil angels, then that God should not have credit, or that his glorie in the leall icfe should be cJiminisht-d. He hath called yen by his worde now many a time to wot Jce in his vinc"ird, I aske what you have anfwered, your confcience can wifntfle and all the world feeth it. fc'omme of you have ("aid plaine like rebellious chil.'ren, ihnr ye would not doit, that ye would not work in your fathers vineyard. Slial! I ap- plie this part to Scotlavd > 1 may right well do it, and alfo foa great parte mfirgLviJ. But Scoilivd indede calltd moll plainlie and evidentlie through the mercies of God both by their own faifhfuU countrie men, and alfo by earneft trauail ot our hvglijh nation ro come to the Lords vineyard in the tyme of king Edward, hath to the do- mage of both continually refufed,as the confcience of many this day beareth witncfTe. That time, as ye know, thevineyarde in Evgltvdhy the ciiildren ofG holde the labours of your brethren, but he reguireth, that ye put your handes alfb to your labours, that ye trauail continually to pluck vpp all vnprofitable wedes, albeit in fo doing the thornes prick you to the hard bones: that ye affift your bre- thren in their labours, thoghe it be with the ieopardie of your lifes, the loHe of your fubftance, and difpleafure of the hole earthe* Except that thus ye be minded to labour, the Lord of the vineyardewil not acknolledge you for his faithful feruantes. And becaufe this matter is of weight and great importance, I will fpeake fomewhafe more plainliefor your inftru£i:ion. It is bruted (to the greate comfort of all godlie that heare it) that fomme of you (deare brethren of Scotland) do defire Chrift lefus to be faithfuUie preached amongeft you, which thing if from the heart you defire and with godlie wifdome and ftowt courrage folow your purpofe and enterprife, ye fliall be blefled of the Lord foreuer. But in the beginning yemuft beware that ye folow not the example of your brethren of England^ in whofe handes albeit the work of the Lord appeared to profper for a time, yet becaufe the eye was not fingle, we fee to our grief the ouerthrow of the fame. They began to plante Chrift lefus in the heartes of the people, and to banilh that Romijl) Antichrift, they did driue owt the filtbie fwine from their dennes and holes (I mean the monkes and other fuch papifticall ver- min from their cloifters and abbaies). This was a good beginning, but alas in the one and the other there was great faulte. For the banislhing of that Romijl) Antichrifl was rather by the feare of the lawes pronounced againft him by ades of parliament, then by the livelie preaching of Chrift lefus, and by the difcovering of his abomina- tions. And the fuppreiHon of the abbaies did rather fmell of auarice, then of true religion. Thofe venemous locuftes, which before were holden within their cloifters, were then fent abrode to deftroie all good and grene herbes. For fuperftitious freers, ignorant monks, and idle abots, were made archbifhoppes, biflioppes, perfons, vi- cars, and fuch asoght to fede the foules of men : who thus fet at libeitie did continu- ally Anthony Gilhy tO England and Scotland. 4.^^ ally wroot up theLord's vineyard. And one craftyGardcner, whofe name wrjs Stephen, hauing woli lik conditions, did maintain many a vvolfe, did Cow wicked feed in the garden, and cherilhed manie weedes to deface the vineyard. And his maid Marie who after was his maftres, new married to Philip, wanting no wil to wickednes when (he was at the weakeft nor ftomake to do euiil, when the gat the maftrie, did che- rilhe manie weedes. Thole two I fay hauefo broken the hedges of the feme vine- yarde, (God fo puniihing the finnes of thofe, that oght to haue made better proui- ilon for the fame) that the husbandmen are hanged vp, the diggars, drefTours and Planters are baniflied, prifoned and burned. Such hauocke is made, that al wilde eaftes haue power to pollute the fanctuarie of the Lorde. O heauens beholde her crueltie, o earthe cry for vengeance, o fea«, and deferte mountains, witnefles of her wickednes, breake fnrtne againll this monfter oiEngUni. But whether do I runne by the bitternes of mie grete ? I mufl needes leaue the o Scotland, after that I haue ad- uertifed the of this, that thoufolow not the example, as I haue faid, oC England -.hut in the bowels ot Chrift lefus I exhorte the, that if tnoupretendeft any reformation in religion, which is the chefe labour of the vineyard, that thou do it at thefirft with a fiugle eye, and all fimplicitie, that from yeare to yeare thou be not compelled to change, as was England^ but let thy reformation be full and plaine, according to goddes holie will and worde without addition. Let all the plantes, which thy hea- uenlie father hath not planted, be rooted owt at once. Jet not avarice blind the, nei- ther yet worldlie wifdom difcourage thy heart, let none beare the name of a teacher, that is knowen to be a fufterer of fupeiflition, or anie kind of wickednes. And thou fo doing (halt moue God of his greate mercie to fend unto the faithfull worke men in abundance, to bleflethe worke, that thou pretended in the vineyard, and to preferue the to the glorie of his own name, and to thy everlafting romtorte.' Thus moft thou Scotland repent thy fornaer inobedience, if that thou wilt be approued of the Lord. And now do I return to the (O England) I do liken the to ihe feconde fonne in the parable which anfwered his father with flattering wordes, faying, Ig» father, but yet he went not at all. For fence the time, that 1 had any remem- brance, our heauenlie father of his great mercies hath not ceafed to call the in to his vineyard, and to thefe late daies thou halt faid alwayes, that thou weldeft en> ter and be obedient. In the time of king Henrie the eght, when hy Tyndale, Frith, Bylany, and other his faithfull femantes God called England to drefle his vineyard many promifed full faire, whome I could name. But what frute folowed > No- thing but bitter grapes, yea breeres and brambles, the wormewood of auarice, the gall of crueltie, the poifon of filthie fornication, flowing from head to foote, the contempt of God and open defenfe of the Cake Idol by open proclamation to be red in the Churches in the ftead of Goddes fcriptures. Tnus was there no reformation, but a deformation in the tyme of that tyrant and lecherous monfter. The bore I grante was bufie wrooting and digging in the earth, and all his pigges that folow «1 him. But they foght only for the pleafant frutes, that they winded with their longe fnowtes. And for their own bellies fake they wrooted vp many wteds, but they turned the grounde fo, mingling good and badd togither, fwete'and fowre, medicine and poyfon, they made, I fay, fuch confufion of religion and lawes, that no good thing could grow, but by great miracle, vnder fuch Gardners. And no Bieruail, if it be rightHe confidered : For this bore raged againft God, againft Deuill, againft Chrift and lagainft Antichrilt, as the fome that he call owt againft Lvtber, the racing furth of the name of the Pope, and yet alowing his laws, and bis murther of manie chriltian fouldiours, and of many papiftes, do clearlie and euidentlie teftifie vnto vs. Efpeciallie the burning of Barnes, leromie, and Garrat^ three faithful preachers of the trueth, and hanging the fame day for maintainance of the Pope, Powel, Abel, and Petherftme, doth clearlie paint his beaftlines, that he cared for no maner of religion. This monftrous bore for al this mull nedes be cal- led the head of theChurhe in paine of treafon, difplacing Chrift our onlic head, who oght alone to haue th's title. Wherfore in this pointe (0 England) ye were no better then the Romisbe Antichrift, who by the fame title makcth himfelfe 4 God, fitteth in mennes confciences, bannisheth the worde of God, as did your king BtKrie^ whome ye fo magnifie. For in his beft time nothing was hard, but the A a a a a a 2 Idogi 4^4 Antbo'm Giihy tO Engl dad '^indi Scothnd. Icinss booke, and the kings proctdings, the kinges horaelies in the Churcbes,'where Goddes word should onely haue bene preached. So made yon j'our king a God, be- , leain<» noihing but that he alowed. But how he died, I will rot uiiretor shame. I wilfnot name how he turned to his vomet- I will not write your other wicked- nes of thofe times, your murthers without meafure, adulteries and incefies of your kinee, his lordes, and coHWfiunes. Ir grtueth me to write thofe euils of my coun- trie,laue onlie that I mufl: nedes declare, what frutes were founde in the vineyard after you promifed to worke therein, to moue you to repentance, ar:d to iuftifie ^ Godds iudgements, how greuoufly fo cuer he shall plage you hereafter, VS hereior I defire vou to call to remembrance your beft fta;e vnder king Edward^ when all men with generall confent promifed to worke in the vineyard, and ye shall haue caufe I doiibte not to lament your wickednes, that fo contemned the voice of God for your owne luftes, for your crueltie, for your couetoufnes, that the name of God was by your vanities euill fpoken of in other nations. I will name no parti- culare thinges, becaus I reuerenre thofe times, faue onlie the killing of both the kinges vncles, and the prifonnement'of Hoper for popishe garments. God graunt ^roti all repentant heartes, for no order nor flate did any part of his duetie in thofe dayes. But to fpeak of the bfefl, whereof ye vfe to boaft, your re- ligion was but zn'BvgliP) matyns, patched furthe of the popes portelTe, many things were in your great booke fuperfticious and foolifhe, all were driuen to a prefcripte feruice lyke the papifles, that they Ihould think theyr dueties difcharged, if the nombre were faid of pfalmes and chapters. Finally, There could no dilcipline be broght into the Churche, nor corredion of maners. I will touche no further abufes, yet willing and deliering you to confider them in your heartes, that knowing your ne^'ligence ye may bring furth frutes of repentance. For this I admoniflie you (O ye people of EngUnd.) wherefoeuer you be fcattered or placed, that onles ye do right fpedely repent of your former negligence, it is not the Spanyardes only, that ye haue to feare, asroddes of Goddes wrath, but all other nations, France^ Turkie,iir\d Denmarke, yea all creatures (hall be ^rmed againft you for the contempt of thofe tymes, when your heauenlie father fo mercifullie called you. To what contempt was Goddes worde and the admonition of his prophetes comme in all eftates, before God did flryke, fomme men are not ignorant. The preachers themfelues for the mofl: part could fynd no fault in religion, but that the Churche was poore and lacked liuing. Trueth it is, that the abbay landes and other fuch reuenues, as a- fore appertained to the papifiicall Churche, were moft wickedly and vngodly fpent, but yet many thinges would haue bene reformed, before that the kitching had bene better prouided for to our prelates in Eiigland. It was mofle euident, that many of you vnder the cloke of religion ferued your own bellies : Somme were fo bufie to heap benefice vpon benefice, fome to labour in parlament for purchefing of lands, that the tyme was linall, which could be found for the reformation of abufes, and very litle, which was fpent vpon the feeding of your fiockes. 1 nede not nowr, to examine particular crimes of preachers. Only I fay, that the Ghofpell was fo A lightly eftemed, that the moft part of men thoght rather that God Ihould bow and obey to their appetites, then that they fhould be fubieft to his holie commaunde- ments. For the communes did continew in malice and rebellion, in craft and fub- tiltie notwithlfanding all lawes that could be deuifed for reformation of abufes. The merchants had their own foules to fell for gaines, the gentlemen were become Nmnrods and Gyants-, and the nobilitie and counfile would fufFer no rebukes of Gods mefTengers, thogh their offenfes were neuer fb manifefl. Let thofe, that preached in the court, the lent before kingEdmard deceafed, fpeak their confcience, and accnfe me, if I lie, yea let a writing; writren by that miferable man, then duk of Northimhe.rhnd to mafter Harlow for that time Byfhope of Harford^ be broght to lighte, and it Ihall teftifie, that he afhamed not to fay, that the libertie of the preachers tonge-i would caufe the counfile and nobilitie to' ryfe vppe againfl them: For they could not fuffer fo to be infreated. The/ie were the frutes e\xt . in the tyme of haruelf a litle be^re the winter came. And of the tyme oi AJjrie what fhouid 1 write ? En^hvd is now fo miferable, that no i enne i an paynf n It ( ea- le'th to be in the nomber of children, becaufe it openly delpiteth Gud the father It hach Anthony Gtlby tO EngLvjc^ and Scotland. ,4.^5 bath raft ot the trueth knowen and confifTed, and foloweth lies and errours which once it derefted. It biiyldedi the buj-Jding, which it once deltroycd: It' raifcth vp the idi Is, which once were there confounded: It murthrjeth the faindes it inainteineth fiaah prophetes by thecommaundement of lej'abel. Such are ti e cull hufbandfs, that now haiinte ihe vineyaid, Co that this is true, that our Sauiour Chrilt faieth, The Lord hymfdfe bjth pbiited a [aire vhieyari^ he hedged it round about^ and buylded a tnvre^ ^c. and when the tyme of tbe/mte drew jure, he fetit hitferujnte) to the tilmen Dreceyue the jrutes thereof, but they caught his Jeruatites^ they bett one^ they killed avotber^ avdjioned others. Jgaine he Jent other feruants mo,' avd they feruei them likewije. What nede any eipofition to applie this vnXo Rrghrtd ? All is fulfilled that is fpoken in that parable, onles they do viaite for the fonne hymfelfe, for to' coinme, that they may handle hym lykewife, as tliey haae done his feruantes. But all is one, faieth our Sauiour Chrift, /7)jf, vhicb ye do to one of thefe litle or.s, the fame ys do to me, be it good or bad. Jf'hydorJ} thou pcrfecute me, faieih Chrifl: to Saul, when he was, as he now is, at the right hand of God his father in the heauens, Therfor they perfecute, they banifhe, they burne Chrifi the fonne of God in his membres. The ludgement therefore now remainah, whi: h the wicked then gaue againft thein- Iclues, That the Lord of the vineyard will cruelly dejiroy thofe euill perfojts, and will let furtb bis vineyard vnti other hujbandes. And the confirmatioH of the fame by the fentence of the chefe iudge, that the k'lngdume oj God full be taken jromfuch, and geuen to a people, that f)aU brivge jurtb the frvtei thereof. The which iudgemenf is begonne xnEnglande, and fhortly alas will be fully exe- cu cd and fii;ilh>^d ivithout right fpedie repentance. Somine hope is in Scotland^ which hath not lliewed furih any nuhcruekie,and hath nor contemned the knowen trtatures: Bin Ivke wanton children haue contemnjcd the commaundement of theyr father, paitely of frailtie, partly of ignorance. But England the feruante tlwt knew the will of his Lord and maifter which was once lightened with molt clere bcaines, which hath tafled of the Iwetenes of the worde of God, and of the ioyes ot the worlde to comme, whicli hath abiured Antichrilt, and all idolatrie, which hath ooafted to profefTe Chnft with greate boldnes before all the worlde, mull be beaten with many ftripes, it cannot be auoided. But to be ihorte (his only remaineth for bothe thefe nations, that they repent and returne into the vineyard with the fyrfl fonne. For neither fhall ignorance excule any la.i i or na'ion, as is playn in the fyrlt to the Rcmnies, neither can any people be reccyued without the frufes of repentanre, as Lbn Bjptiji proilaimeth. The frutes ot repentance I call not only to know your fynnes, and to lament thfm, but to amend your lines, and to make ftreght the Lordes pathes by refifting Sdian and fynne, and obeying God in doing the workes of righteoufnes, and eiecu- ti"fiGi.d(ics precepts and iiidgementes. fo longe amongeft you contemned. For euen nw is the axe put to the roote of the tree, fo that euerie tree, that bringeth not furtb gnode frtite, f.\itl be hrven downe, ard cajl ivtn thefier. The Lord hath vnw bis fanne in bii b-tiide, avd .till purge his f re, and gather the tpljeats into bis garner, but will burne the cbjfe with vniiuivtbable fer. Rtpcnt therefore, whiles ye haue ty.me, before ye be fanned, hewen downe and fiered When I do b hold both your two realmes, I fee the fanne, I fee the axe. hut this I am iiier is the begynningof your mine, that ye do mary with ftrangers, aiidgiue your power to forraine nations, fuch as feare not God, but are open idola- ters, blafpbemers, perfecurers of the faincts of God, that careth neither for heauen nor hell, God norl)eiiill, fo that they may Wynne landes, townes and countries. G 'd Ihall hew you downe by them therefore, as he hath done other nations by like incanes an.l caufes, and they ihall fanne you furthe of your own huikes and homes, to make you vajaboundes and beggars, and after pofleiTe your landes and goods, as G'xl threatned by Mofes, as wus before alledgcd. Trufi: not to thy flrengthe af- tes, wher- bie ye haue deferued vengeance, and labour in the vineyard with all mekenes, that ye may receaue mercie and grace .• Ceafe from j'our cruehie againft Chriftes mem- bres, and learne to fufFer for Chriftes fake, if ye will be true chrifiians: Banifh all idolatrie and popifhe fuperftition from amongeft you, els can ye haue no parte in Chriftes kingdome, no more then Chrift can he partaker with Antichrift. Pray to the Lord of holies and armies to giue you the courrage ftrengrhe, and mean^ The Lord esarme is not Ihortened now, no more then of olJe. Be ftronge there- fore in the Lord for the defence of the trueth, thogh all the worlde rife againft itt. Now when the batlaile is fierce againft the liuinge God for dead idols, (euen for the vile wafer cake, themoft vaine idol that euer was) againft theGhofpel of Chrift for the inuentions of Antichrift, agtinft Chriftes m.embres forPopiIhe ceremonies, can Anlhoni Gilby tO Er.^lM and ScOihnd. 4^7 can any of you, that wjl be compted Gods children, ftyll halt of bothe handes' It ihat cake baked in yron conges, not able to abide a blaft of winde, be the eter- nal God, folow It: But if he only be God, that hath created the heauens, abhorre fuche vile idols, that have no force to fjue theinfelues : it Chriftes Ghofpel and doctrine be futficient to faluation, and by receauiiig of it ye ate railed Qiriltians, away with all Antichriftes inuentions broght into your Romijh Churches : If you hope to haue any pane with Chiilt, cheriihe his membres and maiiitaine them a- e«n(t their ennemies the Papides, and the bifhoppe of Rome the verie Antichrifte. What ftrengthe, what force, what power, what counfil lb euer ye haue of God, bende all to this ende and purpofe, as ye will make anfwere to your heauenly king lor the talent receaued. if you haue no regarde of thofe principal pointes, which onlie or rhiefiie ihould be before your eyes, go to with your forraine maxiages, joyne Frame to ScotLmd, and Spjyne to hughnd, if it be pollible, yet Ihall ye all be confounded. The Lord fhall plage you one with another, vntill you be confumed, your it:ength, wherein ye truft, ihall be fhaken to naught, your courragelhal be cowardife, your wifdotn (hall be folie, and the Lord of holtes by your mine and deftru£tion will berenowntd and praifed, and his iult iudgements throughowt the earth Ihal be honoured and feared. Whereof the cootrari^ if you wjll maintaiqe Gods frueth in theearthe, he will receaueyou as his children into the heauens^ if you confelTe hisChrilte before this wicked generation, Cbrift (hall confefTe you be- fore his father in the heauens, in the prefeme of his angels. But if yon perfifte ftubburnlie to banifhe Goddes worde, and his fonne Chrill in his membres furth of your earthlie kingdomes, how can ye loke for anie parte in his heauenlie kingdom? Muchemore if ye continue to munher his melRngers, what cau ye loke for amon^ft your felues, but that ye ihoulde digge one in anothers bellie to be your own mur- therers > So that if ye wil ftil remaine after all thefe admonitions in your murthers and idolatries, be fuer, that in this worlde ye iTiall haue enoghe of your idolatries, «nd you flial be filled with blooddie murthers, and in the end ye fhall be iudged vitbnut the gJtes of the heiietilie lerufalem amotif^eP' the dogges, cnchaunters^ booremo»gert avd murtberers^ and idolatert, with all thofe that loueth lies. But be, that ouercommetb all theje, (lull inherit allthinges. and I will be his God, faietb the Lord, and- he Jljall bemyjonve. ITbareas the fearefiill in Gods CJvfe, the vnbeleuing, the abominable^ the murtbrrers^ h"mrmo«gers, fonerers and idolaters, fjall baue thjeir parte in the lake, that tutveih BTith fitr and brynifove. Lo here is the choife of life and deathe, of miferie and welthe offred vnto yoji by Gi)ds mercies, and the ineanes how yow may winne Goddes fauour opened,wber- bie nnelie ye may preuaile againft your ennemies. God graunte you heartes to an- fwer as the people did to IJiia offering the like choyfe. God for by d {fay they) that ve ihoulde forfake God, we willferue ths Lorde our God and obey bis voice, for he is owr God. c And we your banifhed brethren by the power of God to prouoke you forward, will thus pronounce with /{/i/ J, That we and our families vill feme the Lorde God^ thoghe all nations rwme to idols^ thoghe all people dfi perfecute vs. tt'^e knowe that Saian hathe but a shorre time to rage, and that Chrifte our capcaine right fpedeljr will crowne his fouldiours, to whome, as he is the eternal God with hi« father, be qil honour and glorie fgr euer and euer. So be it. B b I b b b I THE 4^8 THE FIRST LAST OF THE TRUMP E T AGAINSTTHE Monftrous Regiment of Women. The PREFACE. T^tf Kingdom appertaineth to our GOT), 0 N D E R it is, that among]} fo ma7iy prfgnavt wites, as the ije oj Great Britainny hath produced, jo manygcdly avdzsalous Preachers as England did fometime JtowiJI), and amovgjl fo mavy learned, aftd men of grave jvdgmt vt as at this day by Ifabel are exiled^ nojie is found fojlout of courage, fo faith- full to God, nor loving to their native country, that they dam admoniJI) the inhabitants of that ijle,_ how abominable before, God is the empireorruleofa wicked rvoman^yea of atraitroufe^ and haflard, and what a people or nation left deflitute of a lawfull head may do, by the authority of God's word, in ekS- ing and appointing common rulers and magiUrates. That ijle (alace) for the contempt and horrible abiife of Gods mercies offered, and for the fiamefull revolting to Sathanjrom Cbriji Jefus, and from his Gofpcl'wice profeffeJ, doth jvHly merit to be left in the hands of their own eomifel, a.vd fo to come to conjii/in, and bondage of fir angers. But yet I fear that this univerfal negligence (ffuch as were fomstimes ejleemcd Watch men, ff}aU ra- ther aggravate our fo-vier ingratitude^ than excvfe this our univtrjal ungodly f knee iv fo weighty a matter, tf'e fee our country fct fitrih for a. prey to forrane n.niuns^ xft bear the blood of our brethren the members of Chrijl Jefus, mojf cruelly to be (lied^ and the monffrous empire of a cruel woman (thefecrit couvjsl of God excpted) we know to be the only occafon if all thefe miferies ; And yet with jilence rre p.-i[fe the tif/ie as thoup,h the natter appertained nothing to us. But the contrary examples of the avciettt prophets move tne to doubt of this fa:l. for \\x3it\ did univerfally decline from God by imbracing ido- /jfrv aW(^«' Jeroboam, inwbichthsy coniinued even tothe De/IiuSion of their Common- wealthy The P R E F A C E. 4^51 vealtb, (a) ^vd Juda v:tb Jeriifalem did follow th: vile fuperflition and ofiev inquiiy of Samaria •• I't thcPropbits of Gd ■' ' " t to .tdtih.vij/; ihc cvc ard the ether ^ yea even af- ter Gcdbad f'jttrca forth hiiPl.i^^vc .-ri; /rr Jciciny {h)did nrite to the( jjtiva in Kabylon,.inJ didconcS their tr) un. pliirAy ivJIrndirgtheTn trho didrpnJin ir.tb^it idol%: trcvs Nati'jv. Ezekiel (i)/ra»j theniidp tif bis Bretbttt hif.vitt (>/:to the ignorant and blind world j tinlejs that tJ our own covdemn^ition, vre lifl to vrape vp and bide the talent committtd to cvr charge. I am ajfured^ that God hath revealed to font: in this cur age, tuat it is mure than i7 tionjler in v.itiire, that a woman Jf)all reign atid have empire above man. And yvt wiih lit all, there is fiich Jilence., as if God therewith were ^thiK ojfendeS. :Jbe ftatural mm, meviy to God , fkall jind I know many cmfes:^ why no fuik) d: Sriue ougbtto bepiibiilh^d. Firtt, For that it may Jeem to tend tofeelithv. Pe cor.dly. It (l)jlU>e davgerous^ nut only to the writer or publijher, but aljn to (dl fxtch as f)all reader favcvr the fame. Thirdly, It jhalt wt amend the chief r fenders.^ partly becavfe iff lall never ccme to their ear s^ part- ly becaufe they will not be admonifjsd infuch cafes. I anfwer, if ayiy cf thefe be a fuficievt Reafoft, that truth lnvv:n fi.ili be coKceakd, then were the ancient prophets of God very fools, whop) uvided net better for their own quietnefs, then to h.iztrd their lines farrebuh- ing of vices, and fr the opening ofjuch crimes as vere not known to the world, a:id Chrijl jfjfiis did ir.jury to his Apofiles, commanding them to pr:ach repentanrc and reiniflion of iins in his name, tmevery realm and nation ; and Paul did not underjfand his own li- berty, when be cried, (e ) vvo to me,if I preach not the evangil. IJfear,Ifaj^ cfper- fecution. flander, or any injonvenicncy before named, might have cxcuj'ed, and dffcbarged thefcrvants of God, from plainly rebuking thefnsofthe world, jiiji caufe h^d every onecf them to have ceafed from their (ffice •, for fuddenly their doSrine was accvfed by terms of fedirion, ofv.tw leaning, and of rrealon. (i ) Fcrfeciiticn and vthemcnt trouble did fljortly come vpon the projejfors with the preachers ; kings, princes and worldly rulers, did covfpire agaivf God, and bis anointed Cbrifljefus. But did any of thefe wove the pro- pbetiond ap'Jlles to faint in their vocation ? No, but by the refflance v^hich the Devil made by bisj.ppcfts, were they the more inflamed, topvblifh the trvth revealed w to thin, .- and to witnefs with their blood, that grievous condemnation ar.d Gcd's heavy vengeance /buuld follow the proud contempt cf graces r^ered. The fidelity, bold courage avd conftanc^ oftbofe that are paffed before us, ought to provoke us to follow their foot fteps, uvlefs we look for another kingdom, than Chrijl hath promifed tofuch as pnfevcre in the profeffion of his name to the end. If ar.y think that the empire of v-cviev is net if Juch inportance that for thefvppTeffmg of the fame, any man is bound to hazard bis life. I arjirer, that tbfupprefs it is in the hand of God alone ; but to utter the impiety avd abomination there- of, I fay, it is iv the band of every true mefferger cfGcd, to whom the truth is revealed in that behalf God^s mejfergers much preach repentance and admorif) the (ffevdtrs of their (fences ; but neither cj both can be done, except the covfcier.ce if the (ffenders he ac- cufed ar.d co%vi8fdo} tranfgreffion. And therefore, I fay, that c/ nee eflity it is. that this mcn/lrifercvs empire of women (which among all enormities this day abounding is mrfl de- teftahhemd dannable) be openly revealed and plainly declared to the world, tothe crd that fomeinay repent and befaved. Now tofuch as think that it will be long bejcre juch Do- Srine come to thefe ears of the (ffenders -, I anfwer.^ that the verity of God is of that Nature C c c c c c thai C to the counfel and empire of their wives, were unworthy of all public'k cffice. What difference shall we put (faith ^ri/Fct/e (a) in the fuond of his Politicks) whether wo- men bear authorit3%or husbands that obey the empire cf their wive?, be appointed to be magiftrates ? For the injnfiice, confufion and difcrder which doth follow the one, muft needs follow the other. The fame author luifher Teafci:eth, that the policie or regiment of the Lacedemonians (who ctheiwife amerigft the GTtcicvs were moft eicellent) was not worthy to be reputed nor atcci'nttd amorgft the number of common- wealths well governed, becaufe the n.agiffraTcs and rulers cf the f me, were too much given to pleafe and obey their wives. What would this writer I pray you have laid to that realm er nation, where a wcman fitrcth crrwned in parliair:tnt among the midit of n:en. O fearful ard terrible are thy jrdgements, O Lord, which hath thus abafed man for his iniquity, li JriJIc tie ard ethers illu- minafed only by the light of nature, did fee and prcrcunre caufes fuflficient why wcmen ought not tobear rule or authority,! am fure if they were living this day, to fee a woman fitting in judgement or riding frcm parliament in the midft of men, having the royal crown upon her head, the fword ard fcepter bcrn before her, in fign that adminlflration of juftice was in her power, they would le foafio- nished with fuch a fight, that they would judge the world to be transformed into Jmazoves, (b) and that fi:ch a metamorphofis ard charge li-as made of all the men of that country, as poets do faire was made of all ctmpanicrs of Vhjfa, or at leaflj that albeit the outward form of men remains, jet should they jtt'ge that their hearts were charged from thewifdcm, undeifiar.ding acd courage of men to the foolish fondnefs and cowardice of wcmen ; yea, they further should proncur.r e that where women reign and be in authority, their vanity m.uft needs be preferred Cccccc2 to {a) z Tot. AriJlXl) jimaz^nes were moriflrous vcmen, that cculd riCt bide the fegirr.ent of aen, and theiefoie killed theii husbands. Head Jvfi'we, Anfi, z hoi. Lib. ^o.derrgulu juris. 47 2 The firjl blall of ibe Trumpet , to virtue, ambition and pride to temperance and modefly, and finally that avarice the mother of all mifchief mule needs there devour equity and juftice. But let us hear what others have feen and decreed in this matter. In the Rules of the law thus it is written, ' women are removed from all ci- , " vil and publick office, fo that they neither may be judges, reiihtr iray cccu- " py the place oi" the magiftrare ; neither yet may be fpeakers for others''. Ihe fame is repeated in the third and llxteenth books of the Digefes, (c) there among certain Perfons which are forbidden, ve pro aliis ])oftukT.t, that is, that they be no fpeakers nor advocates for others, women are forbidden, and ihis caufe is added, that they do not againft shamefaftnefs intermeddle themfelves with the caufes of others; neither yet that they prefume toufe the offices tue to men. The Jaw in the fame phice doth further declare, that a natural shamefafinefs ought to be in woman kind, which moft certainly she lofeth whenfoever she taketh upon her the office and eliate of man, as m Calplmnua (ij was evidently declared, for she having licence to fpeak before the fenate, at length becomes fo impudent and importune, that by her bablirg she troubled the whole aflembly, and fo give occafion that this law waseftablished. In tljefiift book oi theDigeJIes, (e) the condition of the woman is pronounced in many cafes to be worfe than of the man. As in jurifdic- tion ffiith'the Law), in receiving of cure and tuition, in adoption, in publick accu- fation, in delation, in all popular a£tion, and in motherly power, which fhe hath not upon her own fons. The law further will not permit, that a woman give any thing to her husband, becaufe it is againft the nature of her kind, be- ing the inferior member,' to prefume to give any thing to her head. The law doth moreover pionounce v^/oman kind to be moft avaricious-, which is a vice intolerable in thofe that iould rule or minifter juftice. And Arijloth^ (f) as before is touched, doth plainly afh'rm, that whenfoever women bear dominion, there muft needs the people be difordsred, livir.g and abounding in all intemperance, given to pride, excefs and vanity ; and in end, that they muft needs come to confuffon and ruine. Would to God the examples were not lb maaifeli to the further declaration of the imperfeftions, natural weaknefs, and in- ordinate appetites of women. I might adduce hiflories, (g) proving feme women to have died for fudden joy ; fome lor unpatience have murdered themfelves, foine to have burned with fuch inordinate iuft, that for the quenching of the fame, they have betrayed to ftrangers their country and city ; and to have been fo defirous of dominion, (h) that for obtaining thereof, they have murthered the children of their own fons, yea fome have killed with cruelty their own husbands and children. But to me it is fufficient (becaufe this part of nature is not my moft fure foundation) to have proved that men illuminated only by the light of nature, have feen and de- termined, that it is a thing moft oppugnant to nature, that woman rule and go- vern over man, for thefe that v/ill not permit a woir.an to have power over her own fons, will far lefs permit her to have rule over a realm. And thefe that will not fufferhertofpeak in defence of thofe that be accufed, nor admit her accufation in- tended againlf man, far lefs would fulfer her to fit in judgment, crowned with the royal crown, ufurping the authority in the midft of men. (7) But now to the fecond part of Nature, in which 1 include the rex'ealed will and perfed ordinance of God-, againft this part of nature,! fay it doth manifeftly repugne, thatany woman shall raigne or bear dominion overman. For God firft by order.of the creation, and after by the curfe and in iltdi^ilion pronounced againft the woman by reafon, of her rebellion hath declared the contrarie. Firjl, I fay, the woman in her greatelt perfeflion was made to ferve and obey man, not to rule and command him. Man is not of the woman (faith P^ihO but thi! woman vf the man. (h) And man was not created, for the wo^nan, but the woman for the man : For this caufe ought the woman to have a power upon bead; this is a coverture infignof fubjeftion. But af^ tet {c)LiL ■^. \6. Bigejlorum adfenatus ceaful. Vellelattum. Lih. 3 de fojtiilatiove, "Tit, i. \d) Cal^ihiirma. (0 De fiatu homititim. Tit. S. By the civil law power is taken from women o- Ter their own Children, D/>. Lih. 24. de donaticne inter ^ v mm &° fcem. Lib. 1. Dig. de hgilus et fejjittuscon. Tit. 3. (/) 'Politic. 2. Great imperfeSions of women, (g) Romilda the wife of Gi- fulpJus betrayed to C/icanus the Dukedom oi Friu/il in Italy. Jane Queen of Naplei hanged iier Husband, Athalia deftrojed all the feed royal, i Kings, ii. (h) hrfie, Anton. IfaLell. (/).The Jefs ihirgs are denied to wcmen, theiefoie the greater cannot be granted. U') 1 Cor. xi. 8, 5, 10. ylgunjl the nion/lrons Ixegiment of iVomen. ^-j ^ ter her fill and rebellion againft God there was put upon her a new neceflify, and Ihe v\'js iiiiie Tubjed to inai) by tlie irrevocable lenience of God, iirono;iri(td in thefe v/ords, i^l) I n-Hl grejtly multiply thy Jvrroiv and concfptio}!^ vhh Iuttov JIult thou b{.ir thy children, and thy wilijbjll b: Jubj.h to thy man : And he Jl)all hive dominion over thee. From the lunner part of this malediction, neither art, nobility, poli- cie, nor Jaw made by man can deliver womankind. For whofoevcr attaineth to that honour to be a mother, proveth by experience the efieft and ftrength of God's word. Bur, alace, ignorance of God, ambition and tyranny have Ituaied to abo- lilh and deftroy the lecund part of God's punilhment; for women are li'ted up to be heads over reahr.es, and to rule above men at their pleafure and appetites; But horrible is the vengeance, which is prepared lor the promoters, and for the per- fons prnmotedj except they fpecdily repent, for they ihall be deje£ted from the glory ui the foiis of God to the flavery of the Devil, and to the torment that is prejiared lor all fuch, as do exalt themfelves againft God. Againft God can be nothing more manifeft, than that a woman Ihould be exalted to raigne above man: For the contrary fentance hath God pronounced in thefe words, Thy will Jljall bejitb- je5 to thy husband, and he fi.dl bear dominion ever thee. Thus did God, not only m ike Adam lord and governor over tve's body \ but even over her appetites and will, and thereby dejeited all women from empire and dominion above man : So that no woman can ever prefume to raigne, but the lame flie muft needs do in de- fpite oiGod, and in contempt of his punilhment and malediftion. I am not ig- norant, that the moft part of men underftand this part of malediction to be meant of the fubjedion of wife to her hulband, and of the dominion which he beareth a- bove her; but the Holy Ghoft taketh from all women all kind of fuperiority and power over man, fpeaking by the mouth of St. Paul, as follows, I Jufer not a wo- man to teach, neither yet to ufurpe authority above man (m). Here he nameth women in general excepting none: And in the firft epiftle to the Cnhnhiam chap. xiv. the apollle permitteth that all perfons may prophecy one afcer another that all may learn, and all may be comforted -, and leaft the plurality of tpeakers fhould have bred con fuflon, he addeth, Thejpirit oj the prophets are fubje& to tbs prophets-, as if he ftiould fay, God Ihall always raife up fome to whom the verity Ihall be revealed, and to fuch you shall give place, albeit they fit in the loweft place. And thus theapoftle would have prophecying an eiercife to be free to the whole church that every one should communicate with the congregation what God had revealed to them, providing it were done orderly. But from this general privi- lege he fecludeth all women, faying,(«) Let women keepfiknce in the congregation : And why I pray you ? Was it becaufe he thought no women to have any knowledge ? No, he giveth another, faying, Letherbejubjeilas thi bv faith. In the words is firfi to be noted, that the apoftle calleth the former fentance pronounced againlt women a Law, that is, the im.mutable decree of God, who by his own voice hath fubjefted her to one member of the congregation, that is, to her hufband. Where- upon the Holy Ghoft concludeth. That she may never rule, nor bear empire above 7t^ man, for she that is made fubjedt to one, may never be preferred to many. And • that be the Holy Ghoft is manifeftly exprelTed in thefe words, I fufer not a woman to vfurp authority above man. So both by God's law and the interpretation of the Holy Ghoft, women is utterly forbidden to occupy the place of God in the offi- ces forefaid, which he has alligned to man, whom he hath appointed to be his lieutenent on earth. The apoftle taketh power from all women to Ipeak in the alTembly .• (o) Ergo, he permitteth no woman to rule above man. The former part of the argument is evident, and fo the conclulion doth of neceflity follow j for he that taketh from woman the leaft part of authority, will not permit unto her that which is greateft : But greater it is (p) to raigne above realms and na- tioTjs, to publish and make laws, to appoint judges and minifters, than to Ipeak in the congregation. Woman's judgment, fentance, or opinion propofed in the congre- gation may be judged by all, may be correfted by the learned, and reformed by the godly. But woman being promoted in foveraine authority, her laws muft be obey- D d d d d d ed, XO Gen. iii. i5. 0") » Tim. ii. (») i Cor. xiv. C") A ftrong argument, (p) Note, 474 ^hefrft Blaft of the Trumpet, ed, her opinion followed, and her tj'ranny maintained, fuppofe it be exprelly againft God and the profit of the common-wealth. And therefore yet again 1 rej-eat, that a woman promoted to fit in the feat of God, that is, to teach, to judge, or to raigne above the man is a nionfture in nature, contumely to God, a.d a thing moft repugnant to his will and ordinance. That you may underftand this my judgment to be no new interpretation of God's fcriptures, I will recite the mindes of fome anci- ent writers in the fame matter. TertuSian (p) in his book oilf^oman's apparel, after he hath Ihewed many caufes why gorgeous apparell is abominable and odious in a wo- man, he addeth thefe words, ipeaking, as it were, to every woman by name, " Doih thow not know (faith he) that thow art Eva? Thefentenceof Godliveth, " and is effedluall againft thy kind ; and in this world, of necelfity jt is that the pu- " nifhment alfolive •, thou art the port and gate of the Devill, thou art the lirft " tranfgreflbr of God's law; thow didft perfuade and eallly deceive him, whom the " Devill durft not aflault ; for thy merit (that is for thy death) it behoved the Son " of God to fuffer death. And doth it yet abide in thy mind to deck thee above " thy skin coats ?" By thefe and many other grave fentences, and quick interro- gations did this godly writer labour to bring every woman in contemplation of her- felf that ftie might avoid and abhor whatfoever thing might pufFher up with pride, or that might be an occafion that Ihould forget the fentence, which God hath pro- nounced againft the whole race and daughters ot Eva ; and what 1 pray you is more able to caufe woman forget her own condition, then if {he he lifted up in authority above man ? It is a thing very difficile to man (be he never fo conftant) promoted to honours not to be tickled fomewhat with pride, for the wind of vain glory doth ea- iily carry up the dry duft of the earth. But as for woman, it is no more poiTible that Ihe being fet aloft in authority above man fhall relift rhe motions of pride than it is poffible to the weak reed or to the turning weather-cock not to bow or turne at the vehemency of the unconftant wind .' And therefore the fame writer exprefsly forbiddeth all women to intermeddle with the office of man, for rhus he writeth in his book,(5)^ei;irgi«i/'af w/a«^ij,"It is not permitted to a woman to fpeak in the con- " gregation, neither to teach, neither to baptize, heither to vindicate to herfelf any " office of man." The fame hefpeaketh yet more plainly in the preface of hisfixth book againft ^ii»'«o« (r), when he recounting certaine monftrous things, which were to be feen at the fea called Eux'mum, amongft the' reft he reciteth, there is a great monfter in nature, that women in thofe parts were not tamed nor embofed by con- fideration of their own fex and kind, but that all fhame laid apatt, they made ei- ' penfes upon wapons and learned the fates of war, having more pleafure to fight than to marrie, and be lubjeft to man. Thus TertuUian^ who taketh from woman all office appertaining to man, would never fuffer her to reigne above man ^ and he that judged it a monfter in nature, that a woman Ihould exercife wapons, would judge it, no doubt, to be a monfter of monfters, that a woman fhould be exalted a- bove a whole realme and nation. Of the fame mind is Origen and divers others whofe fentences I omit to avoid prolixity. Aiigujlhu in his 22. book againft Favjim (/),prov- eth that a woman ought to do fervice to her husband as unto God,affirming, that in no- thing hathwoman equal power with man,eicept that neither have power of their own bo- dies^hy which he would plainly include that woman ought never to pretend nor thirft for that power and authority which is due to man. And in another place he affirraeth, (tj that woman ought to be reprefled and bridled betimes if ftieafpires to any domini- on ; alledging that dangerous it is to fuffer her to proceed altho' it be in tem| oral and corporal things, and thereto he addeth thefe wordsj "Godfeeth not for a time, nei- " iher is there any new thing in his fight, and knowledge," meaning thereby that what God hath feen in one woman (as concerning dominion and having of autho- rity) the fame he feeth in all ; and what he haih forbidden to one, the fame hath he forbidden to all, and this moft evidently ; ye^ in another place hewrifeth, moving this queftibn, "How can woman be the image of God, feeing she is fubjefl: to man, *' and hath neither authority to teach, to be witnefs, nor to judge, much lefs to rule '" or bear empire? "Woman (faith Aiigvjllne) compared to other cireatures is the I- '"■' ^ " 'w^^e rp) TertuUidn. de habita muUeri^. (q) Ttrtul. I'.b. 8. de virg- veUndis. (r) In preem. 6 lib. tmtra Marc ton. (f) Aug^ lib, 22. tonira Fauftinum, cap. 31. (t) De trinitaie lib, 12. c4p. 7. Jgj.inlt the monjtrous Kcgintnt of IVomcn. 475 " mage ofGcd,(u){ot she bearcth dominion over them j but compared to man,5he may " not be calltil the Imjge cj Gud, lor biw burcth i.ot rule nor loidship o\ tr nvav *' but Ought to obey him, &c. And how woman ought to obey him he fpeaketh (x) yet more clearly in thefe words, ''The won.un shall be fubjedt unto man as unto " Chriit, t>c." ^uhAtiguft'nie agreeth in every point St. Ambiufe, who thus writeth 0) in h'lsHcxAmeron^ '•Adam was deceived by iiv-i, and not Eva by Adjm^ and thcre- '■ iv.re juft it is, that woman receive and acknowledge him for governor whom the *' cabled to fin, leaft again she Aide by womanly facility and writing upon the e- piitld to tbt Libejiar.i^ chap. v. he faith, (z) "Let women be fubjeS to their own bus- " bauds as unto the Lord, for the man is head to the woman, i^c,' As ihc con- gregation is fubjed to Chriit, even fo ought women to be to their husbands in all things. He proceedcth further faying, "Women are commanded to be fnbjedt to mm " hy the law ot nature, becaufe that man is the Beginner of the woman: For as* " Ghrift is the head of the church, fo is man oi the woman ; from Chrift tl:e " church took beginning, and therefore it isfubject unto him, even fo did woman take " beginning trom man that she should be fubj<.6l." If any man think that ali thefs former fentences be fpoken only of the fubjedion of tlie married woman lo her hus- band i as before 1 have proved the contrary by the plain words and realbning of St. Faul, folhall I Ihortly do the fame by other teftimonies oi the forefaid writers. The fame Ambrife j) writing upon the fecond chapter oi the firfl epilile to Timothy, afier he hath fpoken much of the fimple arraymentofwomen,headdeth thefe words,''Wo- *' man ought not only to have fimple rayment, but all authority is to be denied un- " to her.- For ihe muft be infubjettion to man (of whom fhe huh taken herorig'nal) " as well in habite as in fervice.'' And after a kw words he faith, "Becaufe death tainethto man : Yea plain it is, that all women are commanded to ferve, to be in humility and fubjec'tion, which thing the fam- writer fpeaketh yet more plainly in thefe words (^), "Jt is not permitted to women tof) tak,but to be in filence as the law " faith. What faith the law ? Unto thy husband shall thy converfion be, and he *' shall bear dominion over thee.'" "This is af^ ecial law (laith Ambrofe) whofe fen- " tence leaft it should be.violated, infirmed, cr made weak, women arecomma; ded " to be in iilence." Here he includeth all \\omen, and yet he proceedeth further in the fame place, faying, "It is a shame for them to prefume to fpeak of the law, " in the houfe of the Lord, who hath commanded them to be fubjeil to their men." Butmoft plainly fj^eaketh he, writing upon the ivi. chapter of the epiftle to the Ro- mans, upon thefe words Salute Rufusajid hit mother. "For this, faith Ambrofe did the " apollle place Rujm before his mother, for the election of the adminiftration of " the grace of God (c).'' In the which a woman hath no place by the adminiftration of God's grace is underftood, not only the preaching of the word and adminiftration of the Sacraments, by which God's Grace is frefcnted and ordinarily diftributed toman, but alfo the adminiftration of civil juftice, by the which virtue ought to be maintained and vices puniflied, the Eiecution whereof no lefs is denied to woman than is the preaching of the evangel, or adminiltiation of the facraments, as here- after shall moft plainly appear. Chryfojlome among the Greclm writers of no fmall aredite, fpeaking in rebuke of men, who in his days were become infe- rior to fome women in wit and godlinefs, hath thefe word s(i) -, ''For this caufe " was woman put under thy power (he fpeaketh to man in general) and " thou was pronounced Lord over her, that she should obey thee, and that " the head fhould not follow the feet." But often we fee, that he who in bis order ought to be the head, dsth not keep the order of the feet (that is doth nor rule the feet), and that Ihe that is in place of the feet is conftitufe to be head. He fpeaketh the words, as it were in admiration that man was become fo bru- D d d d d d 2 tish, (,u) InJlueft. Vit. Tifl. Quefl. 4'. ix) Lib de Contincntia Cap. 4. (y') Ambrcf. in Hexae. meron, lib. vcap. 7. (^) Mem fufer Epbtf. chap. <,. («J Ambrof. luper cap. 2. i Tin-* (i>Am- bror. in i Ep. ad Cor. cap. 14, Gen. 3. (() K»/«i is by at. Paa/ faluted before his Moiber. (d) Cbrjfft.Uimil, I-}, in Gen, ^q6 7 he firjl blajl of the Trumpet, tish, that he did notconfider it to be a Thing moft monftrous, that women should be preferred to men in any thing, whom God hath fubjetled to mm in all things. He proceedeth faying, ' Neverthelefs it is the part of the man, wiih diligent care * to repell the woman, that giveth him wicked counfel, and woman which gave * that peftilent counfel unto man, ought at all times to have the puniihraenr, which ' was given to Eva, founding in her ears. ' And in another place he bringerh in God fpeaking to the woman in this forr. (a) ' Becaufe thou left him, of whofe ' nature thou was participant, and from whom thou was formed, and has had plea- ' fure to have familiarity with that wicked beaft, and would take his counfell ; ' therefore I fiibjed thee to man, and I appoint him to be thy Lord; and becaufe ' thou couldeft not bear rule, learn well to be ruled.' Why they ihould not bear rule, he declareth in other places, (b) faying, ' Womankind is imprudent and * fbft (or flexible) imprudent, becaufe flie cannot confider with wiidora and rea- * fbn the things which flie heareth and feeth, and foft, becaufe fne is eafily bow- * ed.' I know Chryfofiome bringeth in thefe words, to declare the caufe why falfe prophets do commonly deceive women, becaufe they are eafily perfuaded to any opinion, efpecially if it beagainll G.d; and becaufe they lack prudence and right reafon to judge the things that be fpoken, they who are appointed to govern others, ought to be conftant, ftable, prudent in doing every thing with difcretion and rea- fon, which virtues women cannot have in equality with men ; for that he doth witnefs in another place, (c) faying, ' Women have in themfelves a tickling ani » ftudy of vain- glory, and that they may have common with men ; they are fud- * denly moved to anger, and that they have alfo in common with fome men : But * virtues in which they excell, they have not common with man ; Therefore the * Apoftlehas removed them from the office of teaching, which is an evidtnt proof * that in virtue they far differ from man.' This writer further proceedeth % and after he hath in many words lamented the effeminate manners of men, he finally concludeth, ' That notwithftanding that men be degenerate, yet may not womeil * ufurpe any authority above them.' And in end he addeth thefe words, * Thefe things do I not Ipeak to extoll women, but to the confufion and (hame of * ourfelves, and to admonifh us to take again the dominion, that is meet andcon- * venient for us; not only that power, which is according to the excellency of dig-" * nity, but that which is according to providence, and according to help and virtue, * for then is the body in beft proportion, when it hath the beft governour .• But * women can never be the beft governour, becaufe in the nature of all women lurk- * eth fuch vices, as in good governours are not tolerable.' Which the fame wri" ter expreffetb in thefe words. ' (, He is no lefs to be mocked ( fayeth he ) than if a king fhould depofe himfelf of his diadem or crown, and royal eftate,and cloach himfelf in thehabite of a Have. What I pray now Ihould this godly father have faid, if he had feen the crown, fcepter and fword, which are the enfigns of the royal dignity, given to a woman curfed of God, and all the men of a realme to fall down before her ? I am aflured he fhould have judged not only foolifh, but alfo enraged and flaves to Jjatan, manifeftly fighting againft God and his appointed order. The more I confider the fubverlion of God's order, which he hath placed generally in all things, the more 1 do wonder at the blind- nefs of man, who doth not confider himfelf in this cafe fo degenerate, that the bruite beafts are to be preferred unto him in this behalf: For nature hath in all bealts printed a certain mark of dominion in the male, and a certain fubjeftion ia the female, which they keep unviolate : For no man ever faw the lion make obe- dience or Roup before the lionefs; neither yet can it be proved, that the hind taketh the condufting of the herd amongft the harts. And yet alace, man, who by the mouth of God hath dominion appointed to him over woman, doth not only, to his own fhame, floop under the obedience of woman, but alfo, in difpite of God and his appointed order, rejoyceth and maintaineth that monftruous authority, as a thing lawful and juft. The infolent joys, the bonefires and banquettings, which were in London and elfewhere in England, when that curfed Jefabel was proclaimed queen, did wirnefs to my heart, that men were become more than enraged ; for elfe how could they have fo rejoiced at their own confufion and certain deftruftion ? For what man was there of fo bafe judgment ( fuppofing that he had any light of =God ) who did not fee the ereding of that monfter to be the overthrow of true leligion, and the afTured deftruftion of England, and of the ancient liberties there- • of? And yet neverthelefs all men fo triumph, as if God had delivered them from all calamities. If any man think thefe my words Iharp or vehement, let him con- fider, that the offence is more hainous than could be exprefTed by words. God, fos his great mercy's fake, illuminate the eyes of men, that they may preceive into what miferable bondage they be brought into, by the monftriferous impire of wo- men. The fecond glafs, which God hath fet before man's eyes, wherein he may behold the order, which pleafes his wifdom concerning authority and dominion, , is the common-welth, to which it hath pleafed his majefly to give laws, ftatutes, ; rites and ceremonies, not only concerning religion, but alfo touching the policie and regiment of the fame. And againft that order it doth manifeftly repugn, that any woman fhall occupy the throne of God, that is, the royal feat, which he by his word hath appointed to nian -, as in giving the law to Ifrael, concerning theelefli- on of a king is evident .• For thus it is written, (a) If thou fiah fay^ I will fet a king over me, like as all the natio7is that are about we, thou fialt make thee a king, whom theLord thy God jljall choofe^ one from among thy brethren Jliah ^tboii appoint king over tbee^ thou majft not fet a Granger over thee, that is not wy 'brother. Here ezprefly is a man appointed to be cbofen king, and a man native, h ■ («) Dent. xvu. i4) iy« Jgainjl the monllrousKcgimcnt of iVomcn. 47^ native anioiij^lt themftheSi by which preiepl is all women and all firangers fecluded. Wbac may be objeded for the parr or eledion of a ftranger, (hall be, God willing, aiifwered in the blaft of the lecond truni; et ; for this prelenf, I fay, that t e eletlirg of a woman to that honour, is not only to invert the order which God hath elhblished, but alfo to defile and j^ollute (fo far as in man lyeth) the throne and fedt of God, which he hath fanftificd and appointed for man only, as his minilter and lieutenant on earth. If any think that the furefaid law did bind the Jevi only, let the fame man confider thiit the election of a king, and appoint- ing of judges, did nsither appertain to the ceremonial law, neither yet was it meet judi' ial, but that it did flow from the moral law, as an ordinance having a refpedl to the confervation of both tables ; for the office of the magif^rate ought to have the hrll and chief refpeft to God's glory, commanded and contained in the for- mer table, as is evident by that which God enjoined byjojliuj when he wa? ad- mitted governour over his people in thefe words ; (a) iboujluh divide the ivbeii- toftce to this people, tbe vbicb Ijjpjre to tbeir fathers to give tbim ; ovly be tboujlrong and very ccurageous, tbat thou mayjf obferve to do all tbe law whiih Mojn my Jervart commanded tbee: Turn not from it to tbe right hand nor to tbe left, tbat tbon mayjl projper rrbitberfoever tbou goeU. Let not tbe book of the bar depart from thy mouthy but meditate therein day and night, that tbou mayfi obferve to do according to iiU that it tritten therein. For then Jlutl thy vays profper, and thou jl)alt hive goodfuccefs. Sec. And the fame precept giveth God by the mouth of Jlofes to kings after they be e- ledcd in thefe words; (b) Ji'benbefialljit in the throne, or J eat of his kingdome, be {ball write to bimfdf a copie oj this laip in a book, and tbat fl}aU be with him, tbat he viay read in it aU tbe days of bis life, that be may learn to fear tbe Lord his God, and to keep aU tbe words of this lam, and all thefe ftatutes that he may do them, &c. Be thefe two places it is evident, that principally it appertaineth to the king or chief ma- giflrate to know God's will, to be inftrufted in his law and ftatutes, and to pro* moe his glory, with his whole heart and ftudy, v/hith be the chief points of the firfl table. No man dcnieth, but that the fwofd is committed to the magiftrate, to the end, that he fhould punifh vice and maintain vertue. He ought not only to punifh adultery, theft, murder, but alfo fuch vices as openly impunge God's glory, as idolatry, blafphemy, and manitefl herefie taught and obffinately main- tained, as the hiftories and notable adls of Ezekiat, Jebnfophat, zodjcfas do plain- ly teach us, whnfe care was not only to glorifie God in their own fife, hut alfo to bring their fubjtffs to the true woifhip of God 5 and therefore they deltroyed all monuments of idolatry, punifhed to death the teachers thereof, and removed from office and honours fuch as were maintainers of the fame, whereby, 1 fuppofe, it is evident, that the office of the king, or fupreme magiftrate, hath refptdl to the law moral, and to the confervation of both tables Now if the law moral be the conftant and unchangeable will of God, to the which-the Gentilek no lefs bound than was the Jew ; and if God willeth.that among xheGentiles the minifters and execu- ters of the law be now appointed, as fometimes they were amongft the Jews-, fur- ther, if the execution of juftice be no lefs requifite in the policie of the Gentilet, then ever it was amongft the Jews, what man can be fo foblilTi to fuppofe or believe that God will now admit thefe perfons to fit in judgment, or to rtigne over men in the common- wealth of the Gentiles, whom he by his exprefs word and ordinance did before debar and fecludc from the fame > And that wcmen were fecluded from tbe royal feat ( befides the places before recited of the eledtion of a king, and befides the places of theNewTeftament which bemoft evident) ihe order and eleftion which was keeped in 3^« And it fliould be anfwered. That lawful it is to man not only to have fb many f, . ves at once, but alfo to many two fifters, and to enjoy them both living at once, becaufe David, Jacob and Salomon fervants of God had the fame. I truft no man would ju- ftifie the vanity of this reaf m : Or if the queftion were demanded, if a chriftian with good confcience may defraud, or fieal, or deceive, and anfwer were made that X fo (a) Objeflion i. Judg. iv. Para!. 34. [b) Examples againft law have o* flrength wosi he qaellion is of law. Jgiln/l the mon/lrous Regiment oflVomen. ^8 I fo he might by the example ol ihtljraelites, who, at God's commandment, deceiv- ed the hgyptians, and Ipoiled them ot their garments, gold and filver. 1 think likewifc this reaTon Ihould be mocked. And what greater torce, 1 pray you, hath the former argument ? Debora did rule in Ijrael, and HuUj fpake prophecy in Ju- iab : trgo. It is Jawf ul lor women to raigne above realms, or to teach in the prefence ot men. The confequence is v.iin, and of none effect, for of particular examples we may eftablilh no common law, but are always bound to the law writ- ten, and to the commandment exprelTed in the fame. But the law written and pronounied by God torbiddeth no lefs that any woman raign over man, than it forbiddeih man to take plurality ot wives, to marry two filters living at once, to Jleal, to robb, tomunher, to lye. It any of thefe haih been tranfgrelfed, and yet (jod hath not imputed the fame j it maketh not the like tadt lawlul to us, for God being free, may, for fuch caufes as be approved by his unfLTutable wifdom, difpenfe with the rigour of his own law, and may ufe his creatures at his pleafure. Bur the fame power is not permitted unto man, whom he hath made fubjett to his law, and not to the examples of fathers. I think this fufficient to realbnable and moderate fpirits. But to repreft the raging of womens midnefs, 1 will defcend fomewhat deeper in the matter, and not fear to affirm, that as we find a contrary ipirit in all thofe moft wicked women, that this day he exalted into this tyrranous authority to the fpirit that was in thefe godly matrons, fo I fear nor to affirm, that their eoadition is unlike, and their end ihall be divcrfe(j^. In thefe matrons we find that the fpirit of mercy, truth and juflice, and humility did raign, and that under them God did ihew mercy to his people, delivering them from the tyranny of Itrangers, and from the venome ot idolatry, but in thefe of cue ages, we find cruelty, falfhood, pride, ccvetoufnefs, deceit, oppreffion, the Ipirit oi J-jJ'jbel and. Athalia, and under them fimple people opprelfed, true reli- g on extinguilhed, and the blood of Chrift's members molt cruelly Ihed; and finally, the titles and liberties of ancient realms taken from the juft poiTefTors, and given and betrayed into the hands of llrangers.. But to profecutemy purpofe, let luch as de- fend thefe monikers in their tyrranny prove /ry?, That their fovereigne maiflrefTe be like to Deborah in godlinefs and piety, andjecoyidly. That the fame fucceffe doth fol- low their tyrranny, which d.d follow the extraordinary regiment of that godly ma- tron, which although they were able to do (as they never ihall be, let them blow till thev burll) yet ihall her example profit them nothing at all. For they are never able to prove that Deborah, or any other godly matron (having the commendation of the Holy Ghofl within theScri/turesJ hath ufurped authority above any nation by rta- fon of their birth and blood, neither yet did they claim it by right or inheritance, but God by his fingular priviledge, favour and grace exeini>ted Deborah from the com- mon malediSion given in that behalf to woman, and againfl nature he mjde het prudent in counfcl, ftrong in couragi., happie in regiment, and a blefled mother, and a deliverer of his people. The which he did partly to advance the power of his majefiy in giving falvation and deliverance, by the means of the uioft weak veffels, and partly to confound all men of that age, becaufe they had /or the mofl part de- clined from his obedience j but what maketh this for Mary and her march Fhilip ^ One thing I would ask fuch as depend upon the example of Deborah, whether fhe was a widow or wife when (he judged Ifrael, and when G^J gave under her that no- table viftory to his people > If they anfwer the wa?:! widow, I would lay againfl them the teitimony of the Holy Ghoft, witnc/Ting that the was the wife of lapi- ioth (b) : And if they will alledge that fhe might fo be called, notwnhf^anding lh»t her Husba: d was dead. I urge them further, that they are not able to prove it to be my common phrafe and manner of fpeech in fcriptures, that a woman fhall be called the wife of a dead man, except there be fome Note added, whereby it may be kr\own that Ver husband is departed, as is witnefs of Ama (c). But in the place of the Judges there u no note added, that her husband fhould be dead, but rather the contrary is exprefled (i); For the text faith. In that time a woman ■named Deborah If any think that it was her husband, the text proveth the contrary, for it affirmeth that Barak of the tribe of Nephtali was app -inted to that OiSce. If Earak had been her husband, to wh.'.t purpofe ihould the Holy Ghoft fo diligently have noted the tribe, and another name than was before exprcTed? yea, to what purpofe Ihould it be noted, that the fent and called him ? Thus 1 doubt not but every reafonable man doth conlider, that this Barak was not her husband, and that her judgment or povernment in IJrael was no ufurped power, as our queens unjuftly this day pofTefs, but that it was the fpirit of prophelie that relied upon her, what time the multitude ot the people had wrought wickedly in the eyes of the Lord, by Which fpirit Ihe did rebuke the idolatry and iniquity of the people, exhort them to repentance, anu in the end bring them this comfort,that God Ihould deliver them from the bondage and thraldome of their enemies. And this fhe might do, notwithftandirg that another did occupy the place ofthefuprennemagiftrate (if any was in rhofe days m IJrael) for fo I find did Htildah, the wife of Sallum, in the days of LJias kin^of Jiidab, (a) fpeak prophecy, and comfort the king; and yet he refigned to her neither the fceptet nor thefword. That this our interpretation, how that Deborah did judge in w"' el, were the true meaning of the Holy Ghoff, the pondering of the hiftory Ihall manifeftly prove • When fhe fendeth for Barak fhe faith rot to him ; I being thy Princefs, thy fovereign lady and queen, command thee upon thine alledgeance, and undei pain of treafon, to go and gaiheran Army ; but Ihe fpeaketh as one that had a fpecial revelation from God, which was neither known to Barak nor to the People, faying, hatb not the Lord God of Ifrael commanded thee. Sicklike when fhe had delivered to him the whole counfel of God, appointing unto him the number of his foldiers, the tribes out of which they fhould be gathered, the place of the battle, and had affured him of the viftory in God's name which fhe could not have done without a fpecial revelation from heaven, he fainted, and openly lefufed to enter into journe}', except the prophetefs would accompany him. Bui: what did fheufe againfl him any external power, did fhe threaten him with re- bellion and death ? No, no; but for affurance of his faint hearr, being content to go with hitrij fhe pronounceth, that the glory fhould not be his in that journey^ but that the lord fhould fell Sifera into the hand of a woman. Hereby it is evi- dent, that Deborah did all by his fpiritual fword the word of God, and not by any ufurped temporal regiment nor authority ouer Ifrael, as our queens do this day claim. In Ifrael, I fuppofe, at that time, there was no lawful magiflrate, by reafon of their great affliftion, for fo witnefTeth the hiffory, fayingj and £ hud be- ing dead, the Lord fold Ifrael into the hand ofyabin king of Canaan:, and he by Sijera his captain affli£led Ifrael greatly the fpace of twenty years: And Deborah herfelf in her fongof thankfgiving confefTetb, that before fhe did arife as a mother in IJ- rael, and in the days of Jael, there was nothing but confufion and trouble. If any ftick to the term alledging the Holy Ghoft faith , that fie judged Ifrael ; let them underlland, that neither doth the Hebrew word, neither yet the Latitie, always fig- nifie civil judgment, or the execution of the temporal fword, but moft commonly is taken in the fenfe whkli vve have before expreft; for of Chrifl it is faid, he 'fiall judge many nations, and thai hefliall pronounce judgement to the Gentiles; and yet it is evident that he was no miniftei of the temporal fword. God commandeth fudah zxidjerufalem to judge between him and his Vineyard, and yet he appoint- ed not all them to he civil magiftrates. To Exekid (b) it is faid, ^alt thott not judge them Jon of man} And ahet,tboiifoM'ofmanJ/jah thou not judge} Jljall tiou not judge, I fay, the city of blood} and alfo, behold I fjall judge betwixt bcjfl (ttd teaff. And fuch places in great numbers are to be found through out the whole fcripfures. And yet I truft no man will be fo foolilh as to think, that any o^the prophets were appointed by God to be politick judges, or to punifti the /ins of men by corporal punilhment. No the manner of their judgement is expiefled in thefe words, (c) Dedare ia) a Reg. 22. (J) Eztk, 20. tt, 54. (c) Szek. 22. "■ -,-■--■- Jgaiiijl the mon/lrons Regiment of ll'^onicn. 48 3 Dtcljrc to tht-m alltbeir abomitijt'wns ; ayid thuu fj.ilt Jay to them, thus jaith the Lord Cod a city jJicddivg blood in the midU oj her, that her time may approach^ and rrbich bath made iduU agaitiJI herjilf, that f}e might be polluted , th,u hajt tratifgreJU't-d in the blood that thou has Jlied, and art polluted in the idols vh ch thou has made. I'hus 1 fay do God's prophets judge, pronouiKing the fentence ot God againft mal« fatlors. And fo I doubr not but Deborah judged at that time, whtn IJrael had declined from God, rebuking their deteftion, and exhoriing them to repentance without ufiirpatiou of any civil authority : And if the people gave to her for a time any reverence or honour, as her godlincfs and happy counfel did well delerve, yet it Was no fu( h empire as our monfters claim ; tor which of hei fons or m artft kinf- men left ihe ruler and judge in IJrael after her ? The Goly Glioft expreflcth no fui h thing : wherefore it is evident, that by her example God offerefh no ocofion to effablilh any regiment of women above men, realms and nations, (c) But it is not lawful (fjy fome) that women have their right and inheritanie, likeas the daugh- ters of Zalphead were commanded by the mouth of Mofes (d) to have their portion of ground in their tribe > 1 ajijiver. It is both lawful and equitable, that women pol^ fefs their inheritance. But 1 add therewith, that to bear rule and authority over men, tan never be right nor inheiitance to a woman : for that can never be juft inheritance to any perfon, whiihGod by his word has plainly denied unto them; But to all women Goo hath denied authority above man, as moft nianiftftly is be- fore declared .* Therefore to her it can never be inheritance. The portion of Zal- pheid s Daiigiiter's was not to reign over any one tribe, nor yet over any one man within Ijnell, but only that they might have a portion of ground amongf} th^men of their tri le, leaft that the name of their father fhotild be abolilhed. And this was granted to them without any refped had ro any civil regiment. And what inakeih this, I pray you, for«theeftablilhing this monffrous empire of women ? Al- ' thoi'gh women may fucreed to the pofTeUion, lublianre, patrimony or inhetitance of iheir fathers, yet they may not fucceed in their father's offices, leaft of all to that office, the executor whertof doth occupy the place and thr ne of Grd. One thing there is vet to be obferved in the law made concernirg the inheritance of daughters ofZalphead to wit, (e) that it was forbidden to them to marry without their own tribe, le^ttfuch portion as fell to their lot fhould be transferred from one tribe to another, and fo (hould the tribe of MaTiaJfes be defrauded and fpniled of their juft inheritance by their occafion. Wonder it is that the patrons ot ouB ladies did not confider this law before they ccunfelled the blind yrintes and un- worthy nobles of their country to betray the liberties thereof, into the hards of firangers. Efigland for fatisfying the inordinate a] peti'es of that cruel monfter .#/jrv(unworthy by reafon of her bloody tyranny of the name of a woman) betrayed (alace) to the proud Jjpa»iia»-(i: And iScot/jK^, by the ralh madnefs of foollfh go- vernors, and by the pradticeof a crafty dame, refigned likewife under the title of marriage into the power of France. Doth luch tranflations of realm* pleafe Gods juf- tice ? or is the poflellion by fuch means lawful in God's fight ' Afluredly no, for if God would not permit that the inheritance, commodity and ulual fence, which may be gathered of the portion of ground limited and alligned to one tribe of the children of Ifrael Ihould pafs to another, by the marriage of any daughter, not- withftanding that they were all one people, fpeaking r^re tongue, delcended of one father, profefTors of one God and one religion. Will he fufFer that the laws, liberties, commodities, and fruits of whole realms be given into the power and diltribution of others by reafon of marriage, efpecially in the powers of fuch as, befides that of a f^rar,ge tongue, of ftrange names, and laws, but alfo ignorant of God, enemies to his trwh, denyers of Chrift jefus, perfecuters of his true members, and haters of all veriue. The Spaniards, tot very defpite which they do bear ag-.ainft Chrifl Jefus, whom then fore- fathers didcrucifie (for Jetres they are, as hiftories do witnefs, and themfelves confefs) do this day make plain war agairft all true pro- fefTors of his holy gofpel. And theFrench king and his petlilent prelates, by the flamiflg fires, whicn lick up the innocent blood of Chrift's members, and by cruel Ffffff:8 tdiStS Co a Objeftion. id) Numb. a?. W Numb. ?tf. 484 ^^^^ fi^ft ^^^fi of [be Trumpet, / edifts do notifie and proclaim how blindly and outrageoufly they fight againft the verity of God. And yet to thefe two cruel tyrants, France and Spain, is the right and pofTeflion of ErgUiti and Scotlani appointed. But juft and lawful Ihall that pofleffion never be till God do change the ftatute of his former law, which he will not do for the pleafure of man ^ for he hath not created the earth to fatisfie the am- bition of two or three tyrants, but for the univerfal feed of Adam, md hath ap- pointed and defyned the bounds of their habitation, afligning to diverfe nations, diverfe countries, as he himfelf confefleth, fpeaking to Ijrael in thefe words j (a) Tou fiall pafs by the bounds and limits of your brethren^ the fonnes Ejau, who dwell in mount Seir. They Jhalljear you ; buttah diligent heed that youjliow not yoiirfelvcs cruel agaivj} them^ for I will give you no part of their land, no not thebredthof a foot -, for mount Seir I have given to Efau to be pojfejfed. And the fame doth he witnefs of the fons of Lot, to whom he had given Aire to be poflelTed. And Mofes plainly af- firmeth, tb) That when the Almighty did diftribute and divide polTeliions to the Gentiles, and when he did dilperfe and fcatter the fons ot men, that then he did appoint the limits and bounds of the people, for the number ol the fons ot IJraet^ whereof it is plain, that God hath not expoled the earth in prey to tyrants, making all things lawful, which by violence and murther they may pofTefs -, but that he hath appointed to every feveral nation a feveral poflelfion, willing them to ftand content (as nature did teach an tthnik to affirm) (c) with that i^ortion, which by lot and jull means they had enjoyed. For what caufe God permitteth this his dis- tribution to be troubled, and realms and ancient nations to be pofltfTed of ftran- gers? I delay at thetimetointreat. liutcome to a thirdo^yeffioK. ( Or for his friend and true fuhj.tl > Or Ihould he not rather without Icntence condemn the head with the niembeis? And if he ihould do lb, who were able to accufe him of rigour, much lefs" to con- demn his fentence of injullice > And dare we deny the fame power to (jod in the like cafe > For that woman raigneth above man, Ihe hath obtained it by treafou and confpiracy ; hoiv can it be then, that ihe bemg guilty and criminal of treafoti againft God committed, can appoint any officer plealing in his fight Mt is i n- pollible. \\'hercfore let men that receive of women authuiity, honour or office be moft furely perlLiaded, that in fo maintaining that ufurped Power, they declare themfehes HnemicS to God. If any think that becaufe the realm and eflates theie- of have given their confentsunfoa woman, and haveeftablilhed her and her autho- rity, that therefore it is lawful and acceptable to God, let the fame idcr remem- ber what I have faid before, to wit, that man cannot approve the doing nor con- fent of any multitude, concluding any thing againfl his word and ordinance And therefore they muft have a more alTured defence againft God's wrath elfe they Ihall not be able to ftand in the prefence of the confliming fire. That is they mult acknowledge that the regiment of a woman is a thing molt odious in the prefence of God ; they muft refule to be her officers, becaufe Ihe is a traitourefs and rebel againft God ^ and finally they muft ftudy to reprefs her inordinate pride and tyranny to the urtermoft of their powers. The fame is the duty of the nobility and eltates by whofe blindnefs a woman is promoted. Firjl in fb far as they have molt hainoufly oftended againft God, placing in authoriry Vuch as God by his word hath removed from the fame : Unfainedly they ought to call for Mer- cy, and being admonilhed of their error and damnable fa(ft, in fign and token of true repentance, with common con ent they ought to retreat that which unadvifed- ly and by ignorance they have pronounced, and without further delay to remove from authority all fuch perfons as by ufurpation, violence, or tyrannic do pof- fefs the fame. For fo did Ifrael and Judab after they had revolted from David. and Judab alone in the days oi Jthalia. (aj For after that Ihe by murthering her fonne's children had the empire over the land, and had moft unhaplie raiened in Judab fix Years, Jebojada the High-prieft called together the captains and chief rulers of the people, and fhewing to them the king s fonne Joas did bind them hv an oath to depofe that wicked woman, and to promote the king to his royal fear which they faithfully did, killing at his command not only that cruel and mif- chievous woman, but alfo the people did deftroy the temple of Ba;l break his altars and images, and kill Matban Baal's High-prieft before his altars.' The fame is the duty as well of the eftates as of the people that have been blinded- Firfl: they ought to remove from honour and authority that monfter in nature. So call I a woman cled in the habite of a man, yea a woman againft nature raigning a- bove man. Secondly, If any perfon prefume to defend that impietie, they oueht not to fear firft to pronounce, and thereafter to execute againft them' the fentence of death. If any be affraid to violate the oath of obedience which they have made to fuch monfters, let them moft afTuredly be perfuaded, that as the beein- ning of their oaths proceeding from ignorance was finne, fo is the obftinate nut- pofe to keep the fame nothing but plain rebellion againft God. But of this mat- ter in the Jecord Blafl, God willing, we fhall fpeak more at large. Now to nutaii end to the FirJl Blajf • Let all men take heed what quarrel and caufe from hence- forth they do defend. If God raifeup any noble heart to vindicate the liberty of his country, and to fupprefs the monftrous empire of woirien ; let all fuch as fliall prefume to defend them in the fame moft certainly know that in fo doing G g g S g g the/ (a) Reg. n. {i) Judlc. lo. 4-86 '7 he firjl hlajl of the Trumpet, &C. they lift tbeir hands againft God, and that one day they {hall find his power to fight againft their foolilhnefs. Let not Chiift's faithful Souldiers be utterly difcouraged ; neither let the tyrants rejoice, albeit for a time they triumph. For the caufe why he fuffereth his foldiers to fall in battle (as by holy fcrip ure may be gathered) is fometimes to bear down the pride of flefh, fometime to punilh the offences of his own childeen, and to bring them to unfained Acknowledge of the fame. You know the caufe of the IJraelites, who did fight againft Benjamin was moft juft, for it was to punish that moft horrible abomination of thefe fonnes of Belial abii/ing the Levitt^ wife, whom the Bevjamites did defend, and they had God's precept to alTure them of well doing, for he not only commanded them to fight, but alfo appointed jfudab to be their leader and captain. But becaufe at the firft they trufted in their muhit ude, power and ftrength, therefore they fell twile in Battel againft thefe moft wicked adulterers. Yet after they had weep- ed before the Lord, after they had fatted and made facrifice in fign of their unfained repentance, they fo prevailed againft that proud tribe of Benjamijt, that after twenty five thoufand ftrong men of war were killed in battle, they deftroy- ed man, woman, child and beaft as well in the fields as in the cities, which all were burned with fire : So that of that whole tribe remained only fix hundred men, who fled to the wildernefs, where they remained four months, and fo were faved. The fame God who did execute this grievous punishment, even by the Hands of thofe whom he fuffered twice to be ouercome in battel, doth this day retain his power and juftice. But curfed Jezsbel of England, with the peftilent and de- teftable generation of papiftes, make no little bragge and boaft that they have triumph'd not only againft w^tt but alfb againft all fuch as have enterprized any thing againft them or their proceedings .- But let her and them confider that yet they have not prevailed againft God. His throne is more high than the length of their horns can be able to reach. Let them further confider, that in the beginning ofthis their bloody raigne, the harveft of their iniquitie was not come to full matu- rity and ripenefs ; No, it was fo green (fo fecretlmean, fo covered, and fo hid with hypocrifie) that fome (even of the fervants of God) thought it not impolTible that woulfes might be changed into lambs, and alfo that the viper might remove her na- tural venom- But God who doth reveal in his time appointed the fecrets of hearts, and that will have his judgments iuftified, even by the very wicked, hath now given open teftimony of her and their beaftly cruelty. So that now, not only the blood of Father Latimer, difcreet and learned Ridley, innocent Lady jfane Dudley, and many other fuch as fire hath confumed, and the fword of tyrrany moft unjuftly hath flain, doth call for vengeance in the ear of the Lord of hofls, but alfo the fobbes and tears of the poor oppreffed, the groanings of the Lord's watchmen, yea and every earthly creature abufed by their tyrranie, do continually cry and call for hafty execution of the fame. I fear not to fay, that the day of vengeance, which Ihall apprehend that horrible monfter Jefabel of Englaud, and fuch as maintaine her monftrous cruelty, is already appointed in the counfel of the eternall : And I verily believe, that it is fo near, that ftie fhall not raigne fo long in tyrranie as hitherto ihe has done, when Godfhall declare himfelf to be her enemie, and fhall pour forth contempt upon her according to her cruelty. Her empire and raigne is a wall without foundation ; Imeaa the fame of the authority of all women : It hath been underpropped this blind time bygane, with the foolilhnefs of people ; and with the wicked laws of ignorant and tyrranous princes. But thefire of God's word is already laid to thef^ rotten proppes (I mean the pope's law with the reft) and prefently they burn, albeit we efpie no* the Flame. When they are confumed (as fliortly they will he, for Ifubble and dry timber cannot long endure the fire) that rotten wall, the ufurped and unjuft empire of women, fhall fall by itfelf in defpite of lall men to the deftruftion of fo many as fhall labour to with hold it. And therefore let all men be advertifed, for the trum* pet hath once blown. JOHN Contents of the jccond B'.a.l. 4^-7 lOHlSl KNOXE to the Reader. BEcaufe many are offended at the firft blaft of the trompett, in which I affirme, that to promotte a woman to bear rule, or empire aboiie any rcalnic natioii or title, is repugnant to nature, contumlie to Gcd, ard a thing moft ccntrarioufe to his reuealed and approued ordenance: and becaufe alfo, that fomme hath promiftd (as i undeiftand) a confutation of the fame, I haue delayed the ftcord blaft, till luch t) me as their reafons appere, by the which 1 either may be reforin- ed in opinion, or cIs Ihall haue further occafion more fin;ply and plainly to vttcr my iudgement. Yet in the meane tyme for the diftharge of my ccnfcience, and for auoyding fufpition, which might be ingendrtd by realon of my filence, I could not ceafe to notitie thefe fubfequent propolitions, which by God's grace I purnofe to entreat in tlie fecond blaft promifed. 1. It is not birth onely nor propinquity of blood, that maketh a king lawfully to reigne aboue a peopk piofeliing Chrifte lefus, and his eternal veritie, tut in his eledion muft the ordenance, which God hath eltablifhed, in the eledtion of inferiour iudges be obferued. 2. No manifeft idolater nor notorious trangreflbr of God's I olie preceptes cght to be promoted to any publique rtgiment, honour or dignity in any realme. pro- uince or citie, that hath lubitfttd thtmfeli to Chr;fie Itliis aiid to his bJtfled Euangii. 3. Neither can othe nor promefie bynd any fuch people to obey and maintein tyrantes againft God and ogainft his trueth knowen. 4. But if either ralliely they have promoted any mariifcft wicked perfcrne, or yet ignorantly haue thofen ftichc a one, as after dedaieth hiniJelf vnwor- thie of regiment aboue the people of God (and fuche he all idolaters ard cruel perfecuters) moft iultly may the famemeri depofe and punilh him, that vnaduy fedly before tbey did Dominate, appoint and elefte. Matth vi. If the eye be Jingle^ the wbole body jhall be clere. A LETTER of Jchn Knoxs to the People of Edinhnrght firft primed ac Stirling by Robert Lekprc'uik, amo 1571. To hU lovmg brethren wlKme (joi oites gloriouflj gatbered in tbe cburcb o/" Edinburgh a?id mw or dijperfedjor tryall of our faith ^ &c. THe troublis of rhe juft fall fchortlie come to an end, to the glorie of God,and to their eternall comfort. Belovtd brethren in the Lord Jefus, pertakers now of bis afflidion^s, if the inhabilitie of bodie wold fuffer, I wold wtyte a long letter: But being in that ef^ait, that I may noc wryte with my own hand two lynes, I muft abyde the good leafure of Gcd, and defvre you to have me eicufed, that I have not fooner vilitedyow ii»to this your dolerous perfecution. ^ hen I call lomynd the fearefull threateningis of God, that have bene oftentimes thoun- dered CyUt into your cares and doeth confidder thefe prefent dayes, in the middeft of my dolour, 1 prais my God, thatSathan hath not gotten the full vicloricas he pretended. For this reparation whiche now is made to-the greif of many terfes, is yet a feuere do(um,ent, that the word of God, bath not lolt the whole ftrergtb in yow ; Eut that God wojking thereby .hath pulled yow fijrth from the micdeft of the wickit, jeaft that ye fhould be with them condampiicd, who now mofte ma- nifeftlie rebellctb, boibe againit God and man. Gggggga • Of 4.S8 hhn Knoxes Letter, &"€. Of one thing I muft put you in mynd, and I pray God that ye may fiutefuUy remember it : That the worde of God preached be the mouth of man, is not a vane found and wordes fpoken without a purpois •, but is the fommoning of God him- felf, forewarning men before the judgement come. Ye have hard it planelie fpo- ken, that we wolde till jEgypt agane, in difpyte of leremie and all admonitiones : Whiche threatninge for that tyme, was not onlie mocked, but alfo boldlie fpoken againft. But whether this day declaireth the truer h of that and other threatninges, let the verray blind worlde judge. For what can be to returne to JS^>p^ if to joyne handes with idolaters be not ? Yea, to eredt an authority (be God juftlie dampned) without ordour, bothe againft God and man ? Suche men when they were fpoken unto, and were planely admonilhed of their appearing defection, could not abyde to be called pronde contempners of God ; who now fpareth not, at everie moment to blafpheme God, and be their wicked workes planlie to deny, that there is a God that maketh difference betwix vice and vertew. Rejoyce therefore, and praife Goddes mercyes, who hath called yow from the company of fuch : And continew conftant into that, that God of his mercy hath wroght into yow, to wit, a feare to remain in the fadion of the wicked ; whiche feare, I pray God may dayly increafe into your hartes, I knowe the affaultes that ye fhall fuffer, are fore and hard to be gaineftanded ; and therefore be yow fervent in prayer that ye repent not, that God hath chofen yow to fuffer afRiftion with his fon lefus Chrift. Hard it is (I fay) toganeftand fiefhe and blood, and what- foeuer is mofte precious into this lyfe onlie, in hoip of that kingdome promifed. And jet onlie they, that contineweth to the end, fhall fland in affurance before the Lord lefus, into that general day, when vertew fhall relTave a jufl rewarde, and vice ( with the workers of impietie) fhall fufler wraith and vengeance with- out end. Be not ye fclandered at the multitude of them that have joyned hands with im- piety. For if they had bene of us ( as fand lohne faieth) they had remained with us. But now this their defection doeth planelie declare, that when they were with us, they were but as corrupted humores within the body, which behoved to be expel- . led furthe, before the body could convalefce and come to perfection agane. La- ment their fall, but follow not their trade. Forhowfoever they profper into their attemptar, the end thereof fhall be their deftrudion temporall and eterhall, onles fpedie repentance prevene Goddes judgmentes ; which to wilhe is godly, but to be- lieve is foolifhprefumption, as oftymes ye have hard Luke not for fynall vidorie, before that the ftrength and pryde of fleshe be beat- en down; nether be ye dilcouraged, albeit that iniquitie profper before the world. For the tyme of their felicitie, which troubleth you for the prefent, shall be 'short. Joyne not with them therefore, as ye will avoyde plagues prefent and con- demnation eternall. Be faithful! and loving one to another. Let bitternefs and fufpicion be farre out of your hartes .• And let everie one watche for the preferva- tion of another, without grudgeing or murmuring ; being allured, that as God hath appointed you to fuffer afflidion for righteoufhefs fake, fo hath he appointed yow to pofTes an kingdome ; wherein nether Sathan, fin nor deith shall have power to moleft yow. Rejoyce in the Lord, that he hath compted yow worthie to fuffer for his names fake. Pray for me, brethren, that I may feght my battell laughfullie, to the end. The Lord lefus preferve yow now andevet.Jmm. Of Sarndi Avdrojs the lythof Julii 1571. Tour Brother to power inChrifl lefus^ lOHNE KNOX. If I might wryte, I wolde exhort yow, to remember, that by meaty tribulations vc muft enter in the kivgdome of heaven. A GLOSSARY, or Explanation of old Scots Words in this Edition. A Back, to hold or keep lack. Abed, abode. Aboiie, aixrve Abyid, abide. Adder, Engage, oblige. Adjunand, adjoining. AdToutrie, adultery. Affoir, Afore, before. AB>lytye, yigility. Aithis. Oatbs. Alane, alone. Aid, old. Alwife, although. Als, as, aljb. Allanerlie, Jo/^/y, only. Amangis, among ft. Amboflide. Embqffy. An, if. Ane, one, a. Anent, touching, concerning. Aneuche, enough. Anis, once. Appeiris, appears. Appreve, apprufe, apprtme. Apuntit, appointed. Arbiter, Arbitrator. Art and ^m. Aider and Abetter. Afs, as. Afliftaris, Affifters. Aitour, rufr. beyond, moreover. Auld, old. Aught, ought. Auncetours, Anceftors. Avoutrie, Adulterie. Avoyis, Advice. Awaitmd, waiting. Auwin, own. Ay, always, evermore. Aggresge, aggravate., B Banded, joyned together, com- bined. Bairnis, Children, Baldnefs, Boldnefs. Bannis, Bans. Baith, both. Beand, being, Begouth, began. Begynand, beginning. Beiris, bears. Belyiffit, believed. Belyye, Jpeedi/y, in a little time. Bcfeik, befeecb. Bcfinefs, Bt^mefSi Befyde, near hand, by, vntb. Bin, been. Bing, Heap. Bipart, bypaft. Birfit, bruijed, prejfed, Birft, burft, broke. Blawin, blown. Bleare, blear-eyed. Blodde, Blood. Bordouris, Borders, Bot, but. Coft, bought. Cold, Could. Collationat, collated, examined lyord by ff'ord. Comraendatar, Commendator, who enjoys the Rents of an Abbay, or other Benefice. Commoun, common. Companzounis, Companions. Compeir, appear. Compromitt, commit, intrujt. Bou\detieth,cheriJheth,en9uragetb. Confaif, conceive, Bow, an arched Gate. Boyth, both. Boytts, Boats, Braid, Bread. Brake, Imprefjion, Breach. Bran, Brain. Brethir, Brother, Brethren. Bruit, Report, Blame. Bleid, broad. Buds, Bribes. Buikis, Books. Buirt, Box. But, witlxiut. Byding, flaying, waiting. Byes. Bias. Bylle. Bill. Byrunne, bypaft, bygone. Brunt, burnt. Bragg, btqft. Cair, Care. Cais, Cafe. Canwes, Canvas, coarfe Linen. Carvit, carved. Cafllt, fet afide. Caldnefs, Coldnefs. Cautioner. Surety, Cayr, Care. Ceis, Ceafe. Ceiflit, ceafed. Certes, truly, of a truth. Challendg, challenge. Chalmer-child, Fillet de chambre. Delaie, Delay. Confentis, confents. Conlignit, configned, fafely de- pofited. Confteir, conftruft. Contraryes, Oppofers, Contra- differs. Contynew, continue. Convenit, convenid. convened, met together. Convinced, convicted. Conweytt, convey'd. Conzie hoiife, the coining, or Alint houfe. Conzied. coined/ Corfe, Corps. Coup, Cup. Co\i{\f,mi\ceJiindred.Relations: Crailit. crazed, broken in Healtbi Comin, coming. Cunning, skilful, knowing. Cure, Care. Cummer, Trouble, D Donetilly,j?nf/y, difcreetly, hand- fomely. Deathis, Deaths. Debtful, due. Decernii. adjudged, decreed, Decreytt, Decree. Decydit, decided. Deid. Death, Deids, Deeds or doings. Chefie, chufe. Cheinzies, Chains, Cheilit, cbufed. Chyding, chiding. Clouths. Cfoaihs. Clengeit, cleared, acquitted, cleanfed. ■ Clere, clear. Cleything, Cloathing. Cloifs, Court, narrow Lane, In- clofure. Cloii, clofe. Delaytit, delatit, accufed, fum- moned. Demanit, ill ufed. Demanyt, demanded. Dempftare, the Officer wboprif nounces Sentence of a crimi- nal Judge againft Criminals, Depeches, Dijpatches. Depedie, difpatch. cut qffl Deponar, Deponenj, Depoled, laid down, Defyres, Defires, SebifU The GLOSSART. Debtful, indebted. Debtfully, duly. Dettis, Debts. Dewoted, devoted. Din, Koife. Ding, defeat, overcome. Difagwifed, difguifed. Dimyred, defired. Difpech, difpatch. Difpone, difpofe. , D'fl'ait, Deceit. Difiealed, died, deceafed. Difling, Deftgn. Difpite, Grudge. Difpytis, disputes, difputeth. Ditement, Dittay, IndiSlmenU Dochter, Daughter. Domage, Damage. Dome, domme, dumb. Dome, Doom. Double, Copy. Doung, beat, beat down, Dounthring, pull down. Doutis, Doubts. Doutit, doubted. Dradde, Dread. Drawin, drawn. Dreddouris,- Pears, 'Terrors. Drefs, manage. Dreflit, addrejfed. Duiris, Duris, Doors. Dyke, J'Tall, Feme. Slap of the Dyke, Breach of the Wall. Dame, condemn. Earft, eirft, ere now, before. Effauld, honelf. CfFayres, affairs. Effeftuous, effedual. EfFeiris, Concerns. Effrayit, afraid. Effray, Confujion, Fear. EfRir, after. Egal, equal. Eik, add. An Eik, an .Addition. Eikand, adding. \, *■• , ElUs, ells, already, alfo. Eird, Herd, Earth. Eirdly, earthly. Embaffade, Embajfage. Emonge.emongs, among,amongji Empeach, impeach, accufe. op- pofe, hinder, difiurb. Ennye, any. Entres, Intereft. Entris, Entry. Ergh, fcroupulous, Ungring. Er. before. Efchaipe, efcape. -' Efchewit, avoided. '■ ' Effembly, ^Jfembly. ■ Efpies, Jpies. Efpyrance, Hope or Expeilation. Eftatis, Ejiates. Eftimett, ejleemed. Eweft, tirwards, neareft. Evinly, fair, honeft, equal. Excepted, accepted, Exerce, exercife. Exonerit, cleared, acquitted. Expojie, expofe, explain. Expremit, exprymit, expreffed, mentioned. F Fader, Father. Pais, Foes. Fand, found. Fardor, further. Fafhous, troublefome. FaWche, trouble, veX' Faut, Fault. Fawlty, faulty. Feads, Fieds, Feuds, Feat, Fete, neat, politt, aciom- plijl^ed, handfome. Fecht, ficht, fght. Feir, Fere, Fear. Feiris, Fears. Feld, Field, felt. Fending, Maintenance. Fenze, feign. Femm, feigned, dijfembled. Ferd, feird. fourth. Feft, faft. Forder, promote, further, fet forward. Foreanent, over-againft. Foige'it, forged. Forfamekill, for as much. Forfaitb, truly, indeed, verily. Fortilles, Fortrefs. Forzet, forget. Fourfum, fome four. Frontars, Frontiers. Fulifche, fooliji. Fuillis, Fools. Fullit, filled. Furt, forth. Fute, Foot. Fulit, guilty. Ga, go. Gait, Gate, Street, a Way. Gangand, went. Gangand againft, complaining of, eppq/ing. Gangis, goes, or leads to. Garnyfhed, adorned, garrifined. Gart, made, compelled. Gate, got. Geft, gef, gave, GiS,if, Gevin, gives. Gin, if. Girn, grin. Girt, guard. Glifter. hijlre. Gloming, dark, frowning, Gloque, dijfemble. Gluftis, Gloves. Gracis, Graces. Graith, Wares, Fkrniture. Grandfchir, Great Grandfather, Greitnefs, Grandeur^ Greitomlie, greatly. Gryte, great. Guid, good. Gudle, conveniently. Guitchir, Grandfather. H Habilitie, Ability, Capacity. Hable, able, qualified. Half, have. iHail, hel, whole. %' Hailfome, wbolefbme. Haillely, wholly. Haifte, hajie. Haiftyft, made hajte. . Halt, haitrent. Hatred. Haldin, held, detained. ff- Hame, Home. Hard, heard. Harle, drag, draw, Hayd, had. Hear, hair. Heddis, heads. Heichar, higher. Heid, head. Heid-burrows, head-htlrrot^hf i^t Gives his eldeft Son Pledge to Cardinal Beaton, ibid. . Governor, depofed 1554, 88 eldeft Son to the Duke of Chattlerault, arrives from FraKff, where he was in Danger • of his Life, but his younger Brother, a Child, detained in olofs Prifon, 156 propofed by the Parliament of Scotland 1 560 in Marriage to Queen Elizabeth, zsf . makes Suit to Queen Mary of Scotland for Marriage, but is refufed by her, 260 his Proteftation againft the Aft of Privy-council, 25th Auguft 1561, 28 J , is in great Trouble of Mind, and pretends to difcover a reafonable Conlpiracy againft the Queen contrived by the Earl of Bothwel, 307 is ill ufed by Captain James Stewart of Cardonel his Keeper, 308 Articles on which the Lollards oiKyle were accufed, z concluded by the Proteftants oi Scotland for the promoting RefornWttOB, «oi ot Reformation agreed oji by the Fopilh Clergy, »^o Ar< li J N D E X. Articles agreed on by the BiOiop ofP'allance andMonficur/JflnrfamCommifHoners ftornfrajir^ and the Nobility and People of iVo//rtnUrhng 26th J^y'^^; . '^^ Of the proteftant Nobility to promote Religion, from which they took the Name ot the Lords of the Congreganon. £rfi«6«rsb 3d Z)frm*er, 1557. p,n,,a,n, Reii By the Gentlemen of Kyle. Cuningbam and Carick m favours of the Proteftant ReU. ^£;ttSrpt'l^'rJ-J....V.hisHand. after he was dead, to a blank Pa^r. a. bove which was fupermduccd a pretended Teftament. , r j u u j ■.^.„ ,r. Impifoned in /J^ftWffc, at'terwards zi Seyton. getshimfelf releafed by Buds given to the Lord Seytoun and Laird of Letbington. . r Makes Differences betwixt Lord Jiutbven and Lord Gray, concemmg the utnce 01 Provoft of St. Jobtiftoun, . „, r lo Perfecutes a great many in the Toun of Perth, for pretended Herely, Pu5j four Men and a Woman to Death, on Sufpicion of their having eaten a Goofe on -iTcaufes murther>&n Roger a Black Frier, a godly learned Man, one who preached Chrift, to the Comfort of many in Angus and Mearns, at St ^'j^'^'"'. . . . j^ ■ . - __ His Death, May 29th .546. faired with great Salt, put m a Cope, and laid in a Nuick ^^ iS/ir^t^^ir'lIiibafladour from Queen Elizabeth, to the Prince's Baptifm. 400 |:S\Sttf?S- "^sl^ Cutbbert Ramfay. Door.in Q^eft of AUM Craik ^^^ — A ximulT^To' M out bet^vixt him and the Hamiltouns, feeks to be reconcUed with the Earl of Arran. by the Means o( John ^Knox, which is brought about. 306 Makes his Efcape out of Edinburgh Caftle, |^^ Obtains Liberty to go to France, ^gg — SadrSie^m^To'the Earl of Murray, futnmoned .0 anfwer the Courfe of the Law. ^^^ ad Ma) >J6 J. for his Crimes, Sttib' 3«7 3« 33 40 ibid 1 N T> E X. Bot}mel (Earl of) appears not before the Jufticiary Court, to anfwer for his Crimes, at the In- ftance of the Earl of Murray, retires to France, the Queen favours him, 37-2 Arrives from France, and is gracioufly received, and made Lieutenant in the Weft and middle Marches, 386 Is married to the Earl of Hitnt/y's Sifter, 3^2 Goes to the Queen at Dunbar, ^g^ ■ Is moft in Favour with the Queen, and procures favour to the "Lwit oi Ormijiourtr Hat- ' ton and C alder, 3g6 ■^ Procures Favour for fome of thofe, who were acceflbry to Rizio's, Slaughter, never joins with the Lords of the Congregation, tho' he outwardly profelTed to be a Froieftant, and never frequented the Proteftant Sermons, jgg Is ill wounded by the Thieves in Nithfdale, and is in Danger of his Life, Tifited by the Queen in hisSicknefs, jgg Caufes the Body of the flab King to be Carried to the next Houfe, is chief Contriver of King Henry's Murther, , ^^^ Calls together feveral Lords, and procures their Confent to his Marriage with the Queen, meets with her, according to Agreement betwixt them, in the Road from Stirling to Edin- burgh, carries her to Dunbar, as it were by Force, tho' it was done by her good Liking ; the Nobility offer to refcue her, but ihe refufes their Afliftance ; obtains his Pardon from her, and a Divorce from his Lady, 405 Caafes the Queen write to the Nobility to come to her, a Bond is tendred to them, to ob- lige themfelves to defend the Qiieen and Bothwel ; feveral of them fubfcribed it, 406 Raifes Men with a Defign to feize the Prince, but is prevented, ^07 Sends to Sir James Balfour for a Silver Cabinet, who difcovers to the Lords, that Both- " -mel hjj fent for it ; they feize it, and find in it the Letters and Love Sonnets betwixt the Queen and Bothwel, 41a Bowes (Alary) Spoufe to Mr. ^kox dies. 1560. 260 Eriance (Count) semes AmbaflTadour from the King of France, to the Prince's Baptifm, 400 Buchanan (Mr. George) imprifoned for his Religion, makes, his Elcape, 24 C. Calf with two Heads prefented to the Queen Regent. 9j CaJJils (Earl of) Earl Rothejs, Lord Fleming, and Bifhop of Orknay all died in France, M^edttd to' have been poifoned at the Marriage of Queen Mary witli the Dauphin of France, ' 96 -^— marries the Lord Glammis's Sifter, and by iier Ferfuafion becomes Proteftant. and carries on the Reformatipn in Carrick, , 399 Caithnejs {Earl) imprifoned for a Murder committed by his Servants upon the Earl of Mar- fbal's Men, but foon releafed, 347 Carvat (Sir James Prieji) imprifoned for faying Mafs, is tied by the Mob to the Crofs of Edin- burgh, and pelted with Eafter Eggs ; is accufed before the Jufticiary, and fet upon the Piiiory. 370 Cecil {Sir T-F^illiam) his Anfwer to John Knox's Letter, Oxford zSfhJuly, i559» 212 Cbattlerault {Duke of) his Purgations from the Afperfions caft on him, 181 obliged by the Privy Council, iSih- ^J>ril 1562, to deliver up the Caftle of Dumbarton to the Queen, 308 Cbatellet privily conveys himfelf under the Queen's Bed, brought to St. Andrews, put to an Af- fize, and beheaded, ssd February 1562, 325 Churches of Geneva, Bern and Baftl, Qc. fend the Confeffion of their Faith to the Church of Scotland, which is approven by them. ... ^bid. Charter-houfe oi Perth deftroyed, ' „,, /v« ^^* Clergy {Popifh) pretend to difpute with the Protefiants. which the Proteftants accept on reafonable . Conditions, but refufed by the Papifts, 121 Confeftion of Faith by Mr. Pfl/rirt i/rt;;;///o;2, 6 — 14 Congregation of Proteftants their Addrefs to the Queen Regent complaining of the Hardihips (he ■ had put them under, -zid May 1559, 130 their Declaratation in tlieir own Defence, 131 their Declaration to the Popilli Prelates, &c, 1 34 — — affifted aiPerth by the Gentlemen of Fife, Angus and Mearns and Town of Dundee, ibid. '- meet in great Numbers in Coupar Muir, make a Ceflation of Arms with the Queen for eight Days, E a: Congrejaiion (Lords oQ vindicate themfelves from the Calutnny of debafing the Publick Coin, and of carrying of!' Money from the Mint, 1 5 j their Agreement with the Queen Regent, 24th July 15/9, 1 jj Thefe Articles proclaimed, 154 Depart from Edinburgh 26th July 1559, come to Lithgow, and from thence to Stirling, where they enter into a Band for Maintenance of Religion jnd mutual Defence, 155 their Anfwer to the Queens Proclamation 28th ^ugujl 1559, 163 -Another Anhver to the faid Proclamation 167 Their Convention at JTrirZ/Vg, 10th September 1559, 169 Their Letter to the Queen Regent, upon her beginning to fortify Leith, 19th Septemher 1 J 59. »*»'; to FrflMC^, 1560, -234, Aniballador his Demand, 269 his Demand retufed by the Council, 273 Fyfi (Jobit) a learned Man, forced to flee to Germany for his Religion, no G. Gatb^irtb ("Laird of) his bold Difcourfe to the Queen Regent, 94 Gilbie (^■intiony) his Admonition to England md Scotland, 458 St. Giles Lnage drowned and burned, 92 pulled down, and Head and Heels dadded againft the Calfay, 96 Glaf^ox the Scrolls of i CBiftiop of) his Controverfy with Cardinal Beaton anent Precedency agreed upon the Occalion of Mr. If''ijheart's\it2,ih, 51 Glencaim {^iexr. EarlJ his Poem againft the Friers, 2.5 together with the Gentlemen of the Weft come fealbnably to the Relief of the Town o( Perth, with csco Men, 136 breaks down the Altars and Images m the Chapel of Halyrudehoiife after the Queen's Imprifonm«nt in Locblevin, 4 ' o Gordon (Jobn) purfues the Lord Ogilvy, is taken and imprifoned, but makes his Efcape, 3 1 j reflored to his Eftate and Honours, 379 Grange (Laird of ) by his wife Counfel brings about the elefting of the Earl of Arran to be Governor of the Kingdom during the Mmority of Queen Alary, 33 he and others efcape from Mount St. Micbel in France, 84 -1 fends a Challenge to Monfieur d'Ofcll, whom he upbraids with Cowardice, defeats Captain la Batu, kills l^n and feveral of his Men. 202 Gray (Lord) is commanded by the Duke of Norfolk to continue the Siege of Leitb, 227 Cuije (Duke of) contrives the Ruin of the Proteftants in France, 25S flain, 334 H. Hamilton (Mr. Patrick) Abbot of Fearne accufed of and burnt for pretended Herefy, Anno «527, 4— «45 Hamilton (Sir James) appears to King James V. after his Death, and feems to cut off both his Arms, and immediately thereafter both the Kings Sons died, 24 Hadinrige Raid, 26 Haddingtoun fonified by the Engfijhmen, Preparations made for a Seige of Haddingtoun by French Soldiers, 80 infeaed with the Peftilence and Famine, whereby Mr. ff^Jheart's Prophecy was ful- filld, 68 Harlaw {William) and Jofcre rfnihck, two Proteflant Preachers come to Scotland, isis, 90 preach piiblickly in Edinburgh, and John Douglas in Leith, and Paul Mefane in Dundee, 94 Hamiltons refufe to join with the Lords who had entred into a Bond for Rei-enge of King Hen- ry's Murder' and Prefervation of the young Prince, 4'0 Hamilton (Gavin) (lain by the Englijh, 7a fi^nry VIIL King of England abolifties the Authority of the Pope of Rome in Etigland, and fuppreiTes Monafteries, 20 defires on Interview with King James V. at York, which was agreed to by the faid , King James, but induced to break his Promife by Cardinal Beaton and others of his ' Faftion, 26 Hinry King of Scotland and Queen Mary fend an Order to the Town-Council of Edinburgh 10 depofe Archibald Douglas tht-ir Provoft and receive the Laird of Craig-miUer, which they obeyed. 38 « - — r- travels with the Qgeen from Edinburgh to LitbgoTD. and thence to Stirling and Gla/gow, ibid. leave GUi/gim. are met by ao Army at the Bridge of Calder, which confufted of near J 5CO0 Men, go direftly to Edinburgh, are informed that the Lords were in Edinburgh, conunand CdfXiitt Alefcavder Are/kine to fire the Ordnance of the Caflle of Edinburgh againft the Lords, 3*2 goto ^r/r/i/i?. and from thence iopye, tax the Burrows in great Sums, raife 600 Horfe, order to hang two Men who had taken Wages from the Lords, 383 are attended by the Geatlemen of Fife 10 Si. Andrews, who are commanded to fubfcribe INDEX, Pag a Band to'defend the King and Queen, S^. Caufe take the Laird of Liindie Prifoner, a Man of 80 Years, imprifon Thomas Scot and the Laird of Behakd, feize the Houfes of the Earls of Murray, Rotbes and others, charge the Earls of Glencairn, ^rgyle, Qfc. to prefent them- selves at St. Andrews, before the King and Queen wKhin fix Days, and they not appearing were denounced Rebels, fine the Town of Dundee in 2000 Merks for affifting the Lords, come to Edinburgh, Matter of Maxwel writes to them, and makes Offers in names of the Lords, emit a Proclamation againft the Lords loth December 1565, 38^ « .feek to borrow L. 1000 Sterling from the Inhabitants of EdinbHrgh, which they refufe, but at lafi conftrained to pay it, 387 go to Dumfries in Purluit of the Lords, 38S disband their Army conliflingof 18000 Men, are reconciled with the Mafler of Maxivef, return to Edinburgh, ibid. ■ go openly to Mafs on Oiriftmas 1556 and hear the Friers preach, 390 Henry (King) emits a Proclamation vindicating himfelf from the Slaughter of iZjzw, for which he is much contemned. 395 goes to the Caftle of Edinburgh with the Queen, and orders all fuch as were concerned in the Slaughter of Rizio to appear before the Privy Council, puts 'Thomas Scot SheriiPDe- pute of Perth to death very cruelly for his alledged Acceflion to that Slaughter, condemn two Burgeffes of Edinburgh for Ditto, but are pardoned at the Ladder Foot by the Earl of Both- wel's Interceffion, ibid. is contemned of all Men, wants fuch Things as are neceflary for his Station, writes to the Pope, the Kings of Spain and France, complains that Popery is not again erefted in Scot- land, and lays the Blame thereof on the Queen, who gets a Copy of thefe Letters, which in- creafes her Hatred againft him, 399 ill ufed at Stirling at the Time of the Solemnity of his Son's Baptifm, gets Poifon, goes to Glajgow, where the Signs of it appeared, is brought near to his Death, but by the Strength of his Youth recovers, 40 r is allured by the Queen to come to Edinburgh, where he is murdered, 9th February 1 s&^7 404 his Charafter,' ^ ibid. Home (Caftel of) recover'd from the Englijh 1 549, 82 Huntly {Earl) is offended at the Execution of the Captain of Invernefs, convocates his Friends, is denounced Rebel, fights the Queen's Army at Corrichie-biirn, is defeat and taken with his two Sons John and Adam Gordons, the Earl immediately dies, and his Son John Gordon executed, who difcovers at his Death feveral treafonable Praftices, Lord Gordon is imprilbned in the CsAel of Edinburgh, November 28th 1^62, conviift of Treafon 8th February and kept in Prifon till ^«^M^ 1^65, 31S I. James V. King of Scotland affembles his Forces at Fala, where they refuft to invade England. ; gets a Scrol from Cardinal Beaton of fuch as he efteem«d Hereticks, and was prevailed by him to concur in that Perfection, makes an unfuccefsful Expedition igsinHEngland at Solov^Mofs, 28 gets News of the bad Succefs at Lochmaben, falls into a deep mcianchol}-, and foon aC leT liits, December 1%. 1542, 3' James Lord Prior of St. Andrews, afterwards Earl of Murray, his Anfwcr to the Letter of FrancisW. and Queen M<2ry, dated it. Dumbarton leth Auguft I5i9> >j7 hisAnfwef to the Queen Regent's Letter 30th September ijjg, dated at St. Andrews, ift October 1559, '72 returns from France, having efcaped a great many Dangers there ; brings Letters from the Queen, entreating her Subjefts to preferve the Peace till (he come home, 273 — goes to the North, and executes the Orders of the Privy Council, with refpeft to the de- ftroying of the Monuments ef Idolatry, 274 — appointed the Queen's Lieutenant in the South, where he fuppreffes Theft, 294. — made Excl of Murray, Feb. 1561-2, marries Lady ^^/z^j- Aa.'A Daughter to the Earl of Marijhall, 302 — - makes a Raid to Hawick, apprehends 50 Thieves, feveral of them were executed, 311 — is much difpleafed with Bothwell's Return from France, 368 — Articles prefented by him to the Queen in Favours of the Proteftant Religion, 372 writes to the chief of the Proteltants concerning the Cenvention at St. Johnfton, defiring them to fend Men of Learning to that Meeting, 373 with the reft of the banifhed Lords arrives m Scotland, loii March 1565-6, at^King Henry's Defire, 393 James Prince of Scotland, and afterwards King James VI. of Scotland and L of G. Britain, born in the Caftle of Edinburgh, 1 9th June 1 566, 397 — — Baptized in the Great Hall of Stirling Caftle by the Biihop of St, Andrew's, after the Popilh Manner, i-jth Deer. 1566, 400 I N 'D E X. Page. James Princeof Scotland Crowned Kins a' Stirling, where JohtiKnox preached the Coronation Sermon, and theEarl of A/or/ow and Lord Hume took the Coronation Oath in Name of ihe young Kin-. 41a Images ftolen away in all Parts of jlie Country ; St. Gite firft drowned in the Korth Locb and after barnt, q^ Inquiiition againft the Inhabitants oi Dundee and Leitb by Cardinal Bea'.on, anno 1534, 2s K. Keilor a Black-fiier fets fortli the Hiftory of ChniVs Pafllon in fucli lively manner, tJut the common People applied the Part tliat Pilate and the JeT.tiJh Pritfts acted to the Manage- ment of the PopilbPriefts at that Time, and for wiiich C.uie he was burnt in the Cajl.'ehill of Edint'.iT^b, aswasaifo Friar hexeri/i^e. Sir Luncan Simjon Fried, Rolert Forrejier Gentle- man, D(.an Thomas t'orret Canon regular and vicar, . 22 Kilniinniiig {Wkacy) thrown down by Order of the Privy-council, •* 27+ Knox Qobn) comes to St. yindreivs in 1547, is folicitate b)^ feveral zealous Proteflants to enter into the Office of the Miniftry, to whofe Deftres at laft he yields, engages in a Con- troverfv conccrnmg the Popilh Tenets with Dean John Annan, refutes the Popilh Doftrincs, is oppoled by Hamilton Bifhop of St. Andrevjs, is called before a Convention of Cray and Black-friars, and acculed of feveral Articles ; his Conference between him and John It'liiram Sub-prior of St. Andrews iniil-TUr Arbiuide, C7 - — fent to the Gallies with Mr. James Balfour, where he \v2s all Winter, 84 made his Efcape with tf'llliam and Robert Lefties in Beggars Garments ; came to Eng- land, preached at Berwick, then at Neivcajlle, then at London, and the South Parts of Eng- land, where he remained till the Death of Ediiuard VI. 85 • left England, paft to Geneva, called to be Preacher at Frankfort, where he remained till accufed of Trcafon by the Engitjh Refugees, returned to Geneva, thence to liiepe, 86 Returns to iVof/a«^ in the End of the Year 1553, preaches in Edinburgh fecretly in Jamex Sym's Houfe, where Letbington, Laird of Dun.^c. Men of Learning, attended him, goes to Dun at the Laird's Defire, afterwards refidcs at Calder, where repaired unto him, Argyle, Lord James afterwards Earl oi Murray ; came to Kyle and taught in Air, and adminiflred the Sacrament at the Earl of Glencairris Deiire, came Tylajion, where he alfo adminiftred the Sacrament ; returned to Calder, from thence departed to Dun, where moft Part of the Gentlemen of the Mearns communicated with him, gr fummoned before the Biftiops 1 5th May, but Diet not held, wrote a Letter to the Queen Dovaager, 52 called to Geneva, took leave of his Congregation and of the Earl of Argyle, and lb left Scotland in July, burnt in Bffigie for Non-compearance, made his Appellation to tlie Nobility and Commonalty of .yro/tow^, and caufed print the fame, 93 -— Letter to the Proteftant Nobility oi Scotland, dated at Diepe, i^ihPSlober 1557, 98 — arrives from France 2d May 1559, defires to alRH his Brethren at their Trial, and to give aConteffion of his Faith with them. 127 — his Oration to the Lords of the Congregation at St. JobnJIon. 135 preaches at Fertb, June 1559, oppofed by the Bilhop of St. Andrews, preaches in St. Andrev)S, June 1 oth 15 59, j ^q his Letter to the Queen Regent dated at Edinburgh 26th Oaober i j 59. 179 • his Sermon, 19 j liis Letter to Sir TFilliam Cecil 10th April isso> •C>4 his fecond Letter to Sir TFilliam Cecil. 209 his Letter to Queen Elizabeth iSih July 1559, 210 his Anfwer to Sir William Cecil's writing, 213 his Letter to my Lord Duke and the Lords at Glajgovc, St. Andrews 6th February 1559, 515 preaches againft Idolatry, 287 iiis Converfation with the Queen, a88 his Opinion of the Queen, - 292 preaches a Sermon which gives Offence to the Queen, 308 called before her on that account, and has a Conference with her, 309 appointed by the General Aflembly Commiffioner loKyle and Galloway, and Mr. George Hay to Carrick and Cuningbame, 316 r goes to Kitbfdale and Galloway, confers with the Mafter of Maxviel, writes to the Duke of Chattleraitlt, dilputes with the Abbot of Corfragytel, 3 1 S • — his Conlerence with the Queen, 326 - his Letter to the Earl oi Argyle, dated Glafgcm^ih May 1563. 328 - Differences roiit him and the Earl oi Murray, Hs firee Sermon before the Nobility in the Parliament 1563, for which he is accufed to the Queen, a Conterence 'twin her and him, 331 KnoH I N D B X. 'Page inox (John) his Letter convocating the Brethren in all Parts to afllfl in the Trial of ^ndreiv ^rmjfrong and Patrick Cranfton, •^36 which is intercepted and put in the Hands of the Queen, ;37 accufed of Trealbn, brought before the Council and acquitted, 338 relu'es to make any ContefTion of a Crime, •^,44 is approven by the General Allembly for writing forfaid Letter, ibid. \asStrmonhtioxel\m% Henn Steviart oi Scotland, who was fo difpleafed, that he re- ^ fufed his Dinner ; commanded to come to the Council, defired to abflain from preaclmit; lor 13 or eo Days, refufes 3S1 prays publickly for the Nobility that were banilTied in 1565, and is approven by Secre- '•*■ tary Lethhigton, . ' .389" Letter to the Queen Regent of Scotland, 4 j -< his Appellation from the Eiihops to the Nobility and Z&.iizsoi Scotland, 407 his Appellation to the Commonalty, 451 his Firft Blaft of the Trumpet, 468 Contents of the fecond Blafl, 487 Letter to his Brethren at EdinburFh, ilj//_ Jiyle, zealous Letteri from the Proteftants there, and other Places of the Weft, to their Bre- thren of Edinburgh, Dundee, Fyfe, and ^ngiis and Mearns, againft Idolatry, 369 Kylwinning (Abbot of) obtains Pardon from King Hen^y and Queen Mary for the Duke of Chattlerault and bis Friends and Servants, upon Condition that, he ihould go to France, 389 r. Leith (Indwellers) accufed of Ilerefy, ann, 1534, viz. Sn TFllliam Kirk Prieft, Adam Daes, Henry Cairns, John Stewart, together with IMr. ffilliam Jubnjion Advocate, and Mr. Hen- ry Henderjbn Schoolmafler of Edinburgh, 2 1 • befeiged, a Mutiny among the Befeig'ers, who were in great Want of Money to carry on the feige, fend the Laird of Ormiftoitn fecretly to Berviick, to prevail «'ith Sir Ralph Sadler and Sir James Crofts to fuppjy them ; their Purpofe difcovered to the Queen, who prevails with the Earl ofBotlrj-e/ to intercept the faid Laird of Crmijioun in his Return, who furprizes him and wounds, and r6bs him of the Sum of 4000 Crowns of the Sun, fent from Etigland for their Supply, i SS Zrennox (Earl) arrives from France, is put in Hopes to be made Governor, and that the Qu^en Dowager (hould marry him, is fruftrate of his Expeftations he had from France and Cirdinal ■ Beaton, deferts the French Faftion, and feeks the Favour of England ; makes a Party a- .gainft the Earl of Arran Governor, is difappointed of his Delign, and narrowly efcapes, 5S" goes to England, received under the Proteftion of King Henry VIII. who gave him to '' Wife Lady Margaret Douglas his Nice, Mother to Henry Lord Darnley, Husband to Queen Mary of Scotland, 42 — and his Lady committed to the Tower of London, (or trafficking with Papirt.';, 511 eadea\ours to prevail with Queen Mary's Courtiers, to prtjmote his Son Lord Dantley's Marriage with the Queen, 324. obtains Liberty to r-eturn to Scotland, by the Means of Secretary T.ethi-igtnn, (bid. ' Qomtshickio Scotland al'ter a long Exile, is gracioully received by the Qiecn, 3O7 ~ — applies to the Queen for. the Trial of the Earl Bothive/, for his Son tlie King's Munher, who appoints a Day for his Trial, who is tried, the Names of his Inqueft or Adrze, is acquitted by them topleafe t)ie Queen, notwithftanding the manifeft Evidences of his Guilt, 405 LeJJy (John) Brother to the Earl of Rothes, threatens to revenge the Death of Mr. If^ijloeart, againft CixAmTX Beaton, comes to St. Andrevjs, 28th May 1546, joins with Norman Lejly his Nephew, eldeft Son to the E.x\ of Rothes, mAlFilliam Kiriialdy younger of Grange, who leize the Cartle of St. Andrevjs, and Hay the Cardinal, 6^ jteJlyC Gorman) and Laird of G)-rt;7_§;f, imprifoned in the Caftleof iT/.vY/.ri;;;;^ in France, WW,- am Kii'kaldy, Petei- Carmichel in St. Michel, Mr. Hen y Balnaves m Rowen, •■•.•v;' ih' ■ g j :• LeJly (John) Parlbn of Une, afterwards Abbot of Lindnres and Billiop Rofs, declines to mifwcr the Arguments againrt the Mafs, before the Conrention of the Nobiliiv, 1 5