^ J$r Q. .^r 'y $ *>«*. . ~ 1-3 -C 5 Q. J 5 fc o 5 o *-> g c *■*■ o bJ) 5 Eh H O < 3 i \ o fe £ ~* JP* M (3 CO ft hi s. *** 2 «5 Ot >■* -Q ^ ~£l ■a . 8, 9. This is Mr. C's ' account of the matter. It v/ill be proper to enquire what foundation there is for this fenfe, in the hiftory. And there we are told, that " Abram [for his name " was not now Abraham] when he had heard " that his brother hot was taken captive, he 11 armed, and led forth his trained, or difci- " plined fervants, three hundred and eighteen, <£ and purfued the victorious Ki?tgs unto Dan-, c * where he divided his forces by night, or " placed them in the moit advantagious form c< for engagement : then he fmote them, and " purfued them to Hobah, on the left fide " Damafcus. And he [Abram] brought hack rzV/? in his own family, but had now put on the character of a warrior, together with all the males of his family fit for arms, had fucceeded in his expedition, and was met by a prieft of that mofl high God, who had given him the victory ; mult this pried offer and give tithes of all to dbram f Of all what ? why, fays Mr. C. " of all the bread and wine, that " he had brought to refrefh Abram and his " Company." This cannot furely be the cafe ; for there would have been great impropriety in Abram's having a tenth \ as he was but one in five, fix, or more hundreds that wanted re- freihment. And, in truth, this decimation of Mr. C's is an abfurd thing, in his own ex- plication ; becaufe, " the other nine parts were " dift ributed, no doubt, fays he, among the reft M of the people to nourifh and refrefh them." So that, what was eat and drank by Abram's fervants, was properly given to Abram : and therefore, it is very abfurd to fuppofe, that when the hiftory fays, that he gave him tithe's of all, that this could mean, Melchizedek's giving Abram the tenth of the bread and wine, which he brought to refrefh him and his company withal ; fince, the whole, or the great ell part of this provifion would be ufed by Abram and that part of his family, his armed fervants, three hundred and eighteen ! It Truth and modern- del fm at variance. 1 1 it muO then be referred to Ahram y and On to his offering of a tenth to God, by Mdchize- M< 'chi* dek, in thankful acknowledgment of the victory zedek, he had given him. Indeed it mud be owned, that Mr. C. is not fin gular in the fcnle he has put upon the hiflory : for Mr. Pool, in his Synopjis Criticorum y takes notice, " tome wiil " have it that Melchizedek gave the tenths to " Abram. Qui dam volunt Melch. dedifje deci~ " mas Abrahamo." - And he adds, " S6 feme " of the jews. It a Hebrcei nonnulli" But there appears no foundation for the opinion in the hiftory. It could be no other tha< A- bram y who gave the moit high God the tenths of all. And we are not by any neee^nv ob- liged to confine the all to what had b .n taken by the Jive Kings from Abram\ Friends nd Allies, tho* I have fuppoied this j for, if we only allow, that the^w Kings had other fuh± fiance with th-_m, befides fuch fpoii they had taken from Abram 's Allies, we may apply the all to that plunder : tho' I think it no way im- proper to take in both. Which ev* r of thefe ways we understand it, nothing feems more plain, than that the tenths mufi be di -oil which the viclory had entitled Jhnr unto, and that constituted the eucharifiital-offering : which acknowledgment Abram, at i not MeL chizedefc, made to the moft high Cod, Thus, from every light, it can be placed in, the fenfe is obvious j and f: under' ood, Mr. C. would have had no occafion for his obfer- vation 12 I'ruth and modern- deifm at variance. On vation on the author to the Hebrews j ch. vii. Melchi-J. who fays, [referring to this bleffing of A- zedek. brani\ that without all contradiction, the less is bkjjed of the b e t t e r , or greater. No, fays Mr. C. "a beggar may blefs, that i7, &c. " who no doubt, and " fays he, were appointed for that purpofe by yacob. i choice, "Jofi. xxlv. 15. they appear not to have been lo far rivetted in their follies, but exprds repentance , /. e. fup- pohng this the ftate of the cafe. But, J am of opinion, [tho' for argument's fake, I have fuppofed the worif of them,] that thty, at this time, were not at r.il gone into Truth and modern -deifm at va?jance. 73- into idolatn. The reasoning of the former On chapter, and of this, would lead one to think Jerking them no idolaters, Jojkua is only appre- the hen live, that this might hereafter become the Lord. cafe with them, upon their complete eftabliih- ment, when in a fbto of fulneis, of uninter- rupted peace, and tranquility., And the very aniwer of the people will naturally lead one to conclude, that they had not now become ido- lattrsj for they fay, GoP forbid that ive fl:ould forjake the Lord, toferve other gods ! Does, this look like the anfwer of a people conlcions, at the fame time, ,of their being idolaters ? Or, does it not rather exprefs the utmoft abhorrence eXpreiTed by them of ido- latry ? 1 ■ To this Mr, C. will reply, " that Jojhua fays, 11 ver. 23. Now therefore put away the fir ange cc gods that are among you , and incline your heart " unto the Lord God o/'Ifrael. And that hence tc it is piuin, that the Ifraelites retained and ve- tc nercted the idols their fathers had ferved." p. 92. I think that this is not plain : it. feems more plain, that many of the idols of the Canaanites might yet remain in the land undefiroyed j but lince. they had had experience, ocular de- monftration, that they were wain and idle things, whicii had Hood the Canaanites in no itead- but they had every where fallen before the arms of" Jjrxei; hence it is reafonable to conclude, 74 tfruth and modern-deifm at variance. On conclude, that they muft have the utmofl con- serving tempt of idols, at this feafon. Neverthelefs the fojhua, well knowing how vain men may be- Lord. come, efpecially in eafy, full, and profperous cir- cumifances ; he thus exhorts them, with great earneftnefs, to put them away, and dejlroy them, even all thofe idols, and to confider them, as of the fame nature and kind, with thofe of Terah the father of Nachor and of Abraham, who ferved other Gods, — and not the true God. jfo/h. xxiv. 2. It is farther evident, that this exhortation, has reference to their after- conducJ, and not to the character of their prefent difpofition, from Jofhua's writing their promiies and vows in a book, and erecting a memorial-pillar, fojh. xxiv. 27. which was to be a witnefs unto them : by their recollecting on what occafion it was erected, lefi at any time they floould deny their God. They were immediately to deftroy the idols of the Canaanites that were in the land. And fee to it, that in after-times, they did not become idolaters. It is fo far from being probable, that the Ifraelites had at this time gone into idolatry, or retained and venerated the idols of their fa- thers, whilil they made war with the Ca- naanites, that it was morally impojjiblc. The hiftorian has never faid it was their cafe : fo that for any thing Mr. C. has laid or can fay, from the hiflory, the fecond fenfe he has men- tioned of ferving the Lord, was juftly appli- cable to Ifrael during the whole time of jfofhua's Truth and modern- dcifm at variance. 75 Jo/hua's campaign, and even at the time of On his thus exhorting the people. ferving the His third fenfe of ferving the Lord we have Lord. p. 92. " Sometimes, fays he, it implies, the " executing vengeance, on thofe whom God " has appointed to deftruction, or, at leaft, " on thofe who were declared to be thus de- ft fined, by the men who afTumed the cha- > which furely was not quite lb proper. However, if this woman cannot be charged with lewdnefs, Mr. C. will charge her with treachery : and yet, from the hiftory, lhe did no otherwife than what became a wife and vir- tuous woman to do. Her full conviction ap- pears, Jo/Jj. ii. 9, 10, n. I know, fays Rahab to the men, I know that the Lord has given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land faint, or melt becaufe of you. For we have heard- how the Lord dried up the water of the Red- Sea jor y oil, when you came out of Egypt ; and what you did unto the two Kings of the Amorites that were on the other fide Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom ye utterly deftroyed i and as foon as we heard, our hearts did ?nclt, neither did, there remain any 'more courage in any man, becaufe of you : for the Lord your God, he is God in heaven above, and in earth beneath. This looks much like a pious confefiion. Allowing Rahab to have feen tilings in this light, what charge of treachery can lie againil her ? To have done otherwife, mull have ar- gued the utmoft ftupidity and folly, as well as impiety! and had fhe not been perfuaded of the truth of it, fhe would fcarce, have rifqued her own life, and that of all her family, as ftiQ did, by hiding the fpies. For the hazard fhe had run of their lives, is one ground and rcafon of Truth and modern-dcifm at variance. 8§ of her plea, that their lives might be fpared On together with her own. ferving the " The deftruBion of 'Jericho is the fubjec"r. Lord. " of a declamation, p. 97. as if upon the foot 11 of a majacre." Yet before fnch liberties had been taken, it fhould have been proved, that the Jews, un- der the conduct of Jofiua, had not had fuf- ficient proof, of its being the judicial appoint- ment of God. and that it was fome way in- connftent with his moral character. That the innocent, or lefs nocent, fhould fall with the guilty, was quite confiftent with o- ther inftances of God's judicial proceedings with cities, ftates, and kingdoms. -But the permiffion or appointment is not chargeable with any injuftice j becaufe, this is not the la/i fate of exiftence into which men fhall come. A retribution will open and explain the whole pkn of providence; and reconcile the mod knotty and difficult appearances of it s Even fuch, which have no apparent reafon af- figned of them, but was not the cafe of the Canaanites dejiriiflion . However, nothing can efcape the lafli of Mr. C. " he rallies the folly of fending men *' to fpy the land, when God had engaged, by " promi/e y for their iuccefs." p. 95. Mr. C. as an anti-revelationiil, is become a very loofe writer ; and therefore fometimes dif- M ficult 86 Truth and ?nodern~deifm at variance. On ficult to be underftood : yet, if I underftand ferving him here, he has his eve to Mofes's fending the one man of every tribe, to fpy out the land, Lord. Numb. xiii. For he fays afterwards, that thefe J fpies went to Jericho ; that is, thofe who had been foolish ly Jhit out to Jpy the land. Mofes did it, no doubt, to fatisfy the people, by adding the teftimony of a witnefs from every tribe, to avouch the truth of what he had been inftructed to tell them concerning the land of Canaan. 4 The fpies all do agree in the fruit- 4 fulnefs of the country : ytt the majority of 4 them are intimidated, from the obfervations 4 they had made of the inhabitants. Upon 4 which the people murmur againft: Mofes y 4 and againft Aaron ; even the whole congre- 4 gation. So that hereupon God declares to 4 them by Mcfes i that they fhould wander in 4 the wWdevnefs forty years y even till the car- 4 caffes of all the grown perfons who had 4 murmured, fhould have fallen in the wil- 4 dernefs ; and not one of them mould enter 4 this promikd land, but jofiua and Caleb. 4 And thofe very men who brought the evil 4 report, actually and immediately died by the 4 plague before the Lord.' Numb. xiii. and xiv. chap. By what authority does Mr, C. charge with folly the fending of the fpies ? If we may rely on the hiftory, the only authentic memoir, it was wifely done ; and their murmuring gave occalion of fuch a teflimony to the promife be- in? tfrztth and modern-deifm at variance, Sy ing made by God, and to the divine million of On Mofes, that was well fuited to confirm ihctfjerying faith in them : and reconcile that people to the conduct under Jofiua, his fucceflbr, as became Lord, proper for them. Mr. C. has ov^ rooked this. He has not confidertd, that by reafon of the Ifraelites murmuring at the talk, affigned them, by that Lord, who had divided the Red-Sea for them, after the miracles wrought in Egypt , that there is the fpace of forty years appointed for their wandering, or their different journeyings in a barren- defart : all which time they were to be fed from the immediate hand of God by bread from heaven. That to convince Ifrael, that God had defigned them to be the executioners of his vengeance upon the idolatrous Canaanite na- tions, ten of the twelve fpies who brought the evil report about the land, immediately die by a plague. That all the murmurers at the appointment are threatened with death ; and fhall have their carcalTes fall in the wildernefs within the fpace of forty years j and fo be de- prived of any advantage from the promife of a good land for an inheritance. That the two fpies only, who had brought a. faithful and good report, and who were willing to have relied on the power of God, and to have put in execu- tion the appointment, {hall outlive the forty years, and have an actual pofTeffion in the good land. Mr. C. I fay, has not obferved how the accompli 'Jhment of thefe things gave full and undeniable evidence of its being a divine ap- M 2 paintment; 88 Truth and modern- deifm at variance. On pointment : and proved, that Mofes's commif- ferving lion was from the true God. -Had he duly the confidered thefe things, he would not have fo Lord, boldly ventured, in the manner he afterward does, [a; I ihall take notice] to have charged that generation of Jews, which did put the decree in execution, with murder, and inhu- man barbarity : tho' it mould happen to be fuch a fenle of Jcrving the Lord, as is confined to the execution of his vengeance. And moreover, when it is added, that the forty years miraculous prefervation of this vail number of people in the wildernefs, proved to be a flay of the execution of the fentence de- nounced againft the Canaanites, or an oppor- tunity given them of learning and concluding, that the God of Jfrael was the only true God, the adventure of fuch an opprobrious charge will be more perilous. Pray tell,— — what folly does hence appear in Mofes's fending the fpies ? Mr. C. feems in that 95th page to intend the fame men fent out by Mo/es, and after- wards by Jojhua : but I mail take no advan- tage of this blunder, more than to obferve, that it is of a piece with his other obfer- vations. Mr. C. will have it, that Jo/hua's manage- ment of the fiege of Ai, and his defeat in the jirfl attack, p. 98, 99. was a notable inflance of the fallacy of the pretence of being under (Qod's direction. For, fays Mr. C. " this de- " feat Truth and modern-deifm at variance. 89 c< feat put Jq/hua into the utmoft confufion at On " firji, till he had recovered himfelf, and thro' ferving " his great penetration and fagacity he had the " found out an expedient to revive the courage Lord. :d thus and thus have I done ', Jolh. vii. 20. He owns great guilt, tho' Mr. C. treats what he had done, and the charge of crime ludicroufly. Nay, he had hid in the earth, in the midft of his tent, the thing he coveted, becaufe he knew it to be accurfed, ver. 21. every token, every mark of guilt, and capital offence does appear ! Yet, with Mr. C. Achan is innocent, and his punimment unjuji. At the fame time, this V/riter pretends to have all his enquiries about Achan wholly directed by the h if lory. But furely, no man can be a more partial and unrighteous commentator than he. The hiftory of the tenth chapter of Jc/hua % like wife gives him offence, " becaufe of the i: hailftones diicomfitting the armies of the " five Kings of the Amoritcs" p.. 102. But who can help it ? it is not to be won- der'd at, that a man, who allows of no par- N ticular g4 Truth and modern* dcifm at variance. On ticular' providence, fhould diflike any account ferving of wonderful interpofals. And he thinks, the c that the flopping of the diurnal motion of Lord. c the earth, was quite needlefs; fince the fame thing might have been effected by that other - miracle, namely, the hailftones.' I readily grant, that the fame thing might have been effected in both cafes, by the miracle of large hail. But pray why may there not be variety in the miraculous, as well as in the ordinary appearances of providence ? Does not the Deity appear more adorable, when men are more influenced and imprefled by fuch variety f If miraculous interpolations had been always in one unvaried form ; the epithet would not have belong'd to them. Nay, in the nature of things, it mould feem that a train of mi- racles muff be varied, and uncommon appear- ances. Mr. C. that he may avoid the force of mi- racles, afks this queition, " What ajfurance 1 ave we, that any miraculous power, was rciied by, or among the Ijraehtes, to countenance this commffTion ? If it fhould be fid, that the credit of thole miracles is fujjiciently fupported by the hiftory, in which they c*re recorded : Anlwer, then I fear cur arguments mufr end in a circular dance-, the credit or the hiilories is fup- ported by the miracles, and the credit of the miracles is fupported by the hiftorics" , 119, 120. He yratb and modern-deijm at •variance k 05 He well law, that if the miracles were ere- On dible^ the tef.imony was full for the divinity ferbtng of the com mi (lion : and therefore he would the fee the/e afide. But under* f.vour, Mr. C. is Lord. obliged upon his own rule of argument, ':o admit as fully the truth of miracles^ as the truth of the fact of dcftro;>ing the Canaanites : i. e. if the Hifiory, that only authentic memoir ± be his guide, as he fays it fliall be. And therefore his whole argument, is a vain, idle parade ; that is to lay, if he rejects the authen- tic teftimony of the commiffion b.ing from God, in order, that he may vilify and con- demn a facl^ unjuftly, arbitrarily bereav'd of its legal defence. Such treatment, in a court of judicature, Mr. C. would think no language poignant enough to reproach ! He goes on inveighing againft the destruc- tion of the Canaanites as a mod: inhuman^ fiocki?2g carnage ! but he does not attend at all to the inhuman character and carnage of thefe idolaters, when they fell on the rear of Iirae/j and of whom the fpies faid, that they cat one another. See Numb. xiii. 32. a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof. — Cani- bals. — So, I chufe to underftand the words,, And if we look over their mofl hateful cha- racter, one can fcarce fuppoie or imagine any thing too favage, too bafe, too vile for them to practife. I do not underftand this to be any part of the falfe report which the fpies delivered j but reckon that conufted in reprefenting the enor- N 2 mous g6 Truth and mcdem-deifm at variance. On mousfze, and incredible flrength, and fere eiiejs fervi?ig of the whole inhabitants ! Such fort of re- the ports concerning the Highlanders, Mr. C. may Lord, remember, did greatly intimidate the minds of South-Britons : tho' it was no more than an artihee of men, of either daftardly, or of poi- Jbifd i infefted fpirits, who could meditate the banijhment of Liberty from thefe Kingdoms! It was much owing to the artful fpread, of their being quite an unequal match for E?iglif:men i that they made ib undiilurb'd a march into the heart of England. But the report of the yew-fpies concerning the Canaanites as being Canibals, I think very confiftent with their real character, or, with the truth of the cafe : for this account, tho' deliver'd by the timid or evil-minded fpies, is no where contradicted. Commentators indeed underftand the phrafe, a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof ; to intend, their deftroying one another by civil wars. But this, I prefume, is an improper fenfe, when put in the mouths of thefe fpies : fince what they faid was to di [courage and not to encourage : which this latter fenfe muft greatly contradict. But the character of men- eaters would convey a moft flocking, favage idea of the inhabitants. There is no analogy, where Mr. C. fays there is one, viz. " between the Ifraelites thus ferv- <{ ing the Lord, by executing his ve??geance upon *' an irreclaimable, abandoned people. And " yohn xvi. 2. The time comet h y that whofo- 11 ever Truth and modern-deifm at variance. gy " ever killeth you will think that he doth God On " fervice ; tho' killing men is the fubject of ferving "both." p. 108. In the one cafe, they had the fnlleft tefti- mony that could poffiblybe given, of its being the will of God, by an apparatus of miracles. In the other, men have no teftimony at all ; but ftand condemned by every law both of God, and of civil fociety that is humanized. In the one cafe, idolatry and enormous vice is the reafon of the appointment ; in the o- ther, religion, human liberty, a love of truth, and a firm attachment to it, is the reafon of the killing. In the one, the very execu- tioners of divine vengeance, are threatened w r ith equal deftruBion, and an utter extirpation, if they copy after the example and cuftoms of thefe irreligious and wicked nations they de- firoy. In the other cafe, they who kill, are threatned, in the revelation, with everlaft- ing deftruction for the doing fo : forafmuch as the killing of another, merely becaufe of reli- gious fentiment, fuppofeth, no eternal life abiding in him who killeth. Thelate rebellion, " fuppofed to have fuc- -conftitution, they were obliged to treat with JriendJJjip, and admit among them every Jlrangcr, that would embrace the true religion, or own and worfhip the one fupr erne God. And the very cafe of the Gibeonites is fully in evidence : for tho' they uled deception to fave their lives, yet the great plea they offer to pre- vail for a league with Ijrael, is, the reverence they had of the name of the Lord God of lirael, foJJj. ix. 9. And this league they had made with J/rael, was all the reafon which the five Kings had to make war upon Gibcon. Farther, — It is very probable that great numbers of the Canaanites, who were porTeiled of feme huma- nity, fled to Egypt, and made up thofe cclo?iies that fettled there under the Pastor-Kings. Dr. Winder, in his hijlory of know- ledge, I think, has made it very probable, " that thefe invaders of Egypt, were Canaa- " nites, who fled from before jq/Jjua about " the middle of his conquefts. They had en- if couragement Truth and modern- deifm at variance. 99 " couragemcnt from the weak fate the Egyp- On Age 14. line 20. dele fmce. p. 19. 1. 1. dele comma. p. 29. 1. 21. for plains, r. complains, p. 66. 1. 7. r. fotf from. p. 74. 1. 8. dele comma after &W. p. 92. 1. ult. for when, r. with. p. 93. 1. 1. dele zvben. p. 96. 1. penult, for a period, put a colon, p. 98. 1. 7. r. //;«f /'» io3 Letter to a Friend, Containing felcdt remarks upon the Rev. Dr. Ifaac Watts\ treatife, entitled, the glory of Chriji^ as God-man. iC^Y.SoS- To Mr. - Dear Sir, T your requeft, I have read over and remarked upon Dr. Watts 1 * Glory of Chrift, &c. and now pre- fent you and the public with my obfervations. Pref. p. 6. He defcribes " our Saviour fC as a complex perfon, God and man united, " fo as to make up one complex agent, one " intellectual compound being, God joined £C with man, fo as to become one common " principle of action and paffion. jfokn xiv. " 10. the God, and the man are one." — — Could the Doctor defend this, his fcheme might ftand well enough. But it appears to be abfolutely impoffible from the nature of the pure, uncompound, immutable, infinite Spirit, that he mould be fo united : and the O 2 difference J 04 A Letter to a Friend. difference between created, and increated, muft eternally remain between the God, and the man. One intellectual being cannot become a compound of intellectuals : or God, and man can never fo unite as to become one intellectual compound being. God is eternally impaffible, as unchangeable -, and cannot therefore undergo any union with another being, that would make him one common principle of aBion and pajjion. Ibid. " The child Jefus, on this account, is called, the mighty God. Efay ix. 6. And God's own blood, is mention'd, A5ls xx. 28. And the intimate and prefent union allows him to fay, John x. 38. and ver. 30. I a?n in the father, and the father in me, &c," The union cannot be perfonal, as is here fuppofed, but moral. It is of the fame nature and kind with that which fubfifts between his difciples, and him, and his father. But if it implied one common principle of aBion and paf- fon, the perfect nature of God mult be changed. If not changed, then the Saviour could undergo no real fuffciing, nor be capable of any real reward. For fays the Doctor, p. 92. " the Godhead is incapable of any rewards, " nor can a God be rewarded at all."- — The God and the man could have no fuch union, becaufe the will of the Saviour, was fubject to the will of afuperior. This will gives him law, on which account he calls him his holy and righteous Father. And the God rewarded the obedience A Letter to a Friend. 105 obedience of the man. The union then could not imply one com??ion principle of action and paffion. Page 48. " The Godhead is generally al- " lowed to be one and the fame in all the " three perfons." The Doctor does not allow it in his ufeful and important queftions, &c. for, p. 162. he has laid, that we are not exprefly, plainly, and par- ticularly informed, whether the Spirit be a really diftinct principle or power of God; or has a proper diftinct perfonality of him- felf : fo neither are we required to worjhip him, in any text of the Bible that I can find." Here, the perfonality of the fpirit is not found at all. And yet the Godhead of the three Perfons is now afTerted ! But if the Godhead of the Spirit is one and the fame with the Godhead of the Father, worfoip is due. Yet, it can be one and the fame, in none but one and the fame. i. e. If Godhead means abfolute, infinite perfection. And this fenfe of Godhead can belong to none but the Father. See p. 48. " The Father always " maintains the character of the invifible " God." Bat the Son never once claims this cha- racter ; hence the Godhead, or what is im- plied in the character of the invifible God, can- not be one and the fame, in the Father and in the Son. The Godhead dwelling bodily in io6 A Letter to a Friend. in the Son, left them as different as an habi- tation and an inhabitant are. And becaufe the Godhead is faid to dwell bodily in the Son, but never is faid fo to dwell in the Spirit ; the Godhead is not one and the fame in all the three Perfons. Nay, there are not three Per- fonalities with which it can be fo much as re- Jide?2t 3 in the above fenfe of the Doctor. Page 62. " There is an infinite diftance " between the great God, and a mere crea- " ture, even the mofr, excellent creature, and