CC 115 .B8 H6 
 Howard Crosby Butler 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2019 with funding from 
 Princeton Theological Seminary Library 
 
 https://archive.org/details/howardcrosbybutlOOunse 
 
HOWARD 
 
 CROSBY 
 
 BUTLER 
 
♦ 
 
HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER 
 
 1872-1922 
 
 PRINCETON 
 
 MCMXXIII 
 
COPYRIGHT 1923 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 THE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON U. S. A. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 TO H. C. B., I 
 
 C. IV. Kennedy 
 
 THE MASTER, 2 
 
 Tom English 
 
 HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER, 3 
 
 V. L. Collins 
 
 THE MEMORIAL SERVICE 43 
 
 PRESIDENT HIBBEN 4/ 
 
 PROFESSOR OSBORN 51 
 
 PROFESSOR MARQUAND 55 
 
 DR. ROBINSON 59 
 
 DR. HOGARTH 63 
 
 DR. VAN DYKE 65 
 
 CAPTAIN o’cONNOR 67 
 
 DEAN WEST 69 
 
 BISHOP MATTHEWS 75 
 
 IN PROCTER HALL, 77 
 
 S. L. Wright , Jr. 
 
 MINUTE OF THE ORIENTAL CLUB 78 
 
 MESSAGE OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE IMPERIAL 
 OTTOMAN MUSEUM 83 
 
 LINES IN MEMORY OF HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER, 84 
 
 Edward Steese 
 
 RESOLUTION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL 
 
 INSTITUTE OF AMERICA 86 
 
 HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER-A BIBLIOGRAPHY, 87 
 
 H. S. Leach 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - ■ ■ ■ —- 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 —— 
 
HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER 
 
To H. C. B. 
 
 CHARLES W. KENNEDY 
 
 Of thee, whom honor drew 
 As moon the sea, 
 
 What words have we that knew 
 For elegy? 
 
 Lover of truth, thou art 
 Where all is true; 
 
 The whole that of the part 
 Death doth renew. 
 
 Lover of beauty thou, 
 
 Beyond all art 
 
 Made one with beauty now, 
 
 And beauty’s heart. 
 
 Lover of chivalry 
 And gentleness, 
 
 Gently death deal with thee, 
 And slow time bless. 
 
 C 1 3 
 
THE MASTER 
 
 TOM ENGLISH 
 
 ‘‘I go to wake the dead.” The master spoke, 
 
 And striking in the desert with his spade, 
 
 He turned the clay dead ages had o’erlaid 
 Upon the graves of empires, whence awoke 
 The city of great Croesus’ golden folk,— 
 Streets, squares, and temples wondrously 
 displayed 
 
 To eyes of men and heaven’s high parade, 
 Which timeless, changeless, views time’s 
 changing stroke. 
 
 This was our master, who has journeyed hence, 
 Beyond the frontiers of earth’s desert day, 
 
 On some dim que£t he never may reveal. 
 
 How far the way, the night how murky-dense, 
 It matters not; his Master’s word of sway 
 Will bid him wake at la£l to endless weal. 
 
 [ 2 ] 
 
HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER 
 
 VARNUM LANSING COLLINS 
 
 H OWARD BUTLER was born at Croton 
 Falls, New York, on March 7,1872, the son 
 of Edward Marchant and Helen Belden (Cros¬ 
 by) Butler. Receiving his early education from 
 private tutors and at Lyons Collegiate Insti¬ 
 tute, New York City—his mother taught him 
 his Latin,—he entered the Berkeley School in 
 October 1888 to prepare for sophomore Stand¬ 
 ing at Princeton. Letters of his, written to his 
 parents before he was ten years old, promised 
 traits and gifts that were to mark his matur¬ 
 ity. They reveal charmingly his more than 
 boyish anxiety for the welfare of his farm 
 animals, his chickens, turkeys and sheep, and 
 “tough little ducks;” a love of flowers and 
 hills and the open air is very apparent; trees 
 arching a country lane Stir his delight; he 
 wonders with evident concern how nearly the 
 new farmhouse at home is approaching com¬ 
 pletion; and he observes that there are “lots 
 of churches” in the town he is visiting, “some¬ 
 thing that they did not have at Coney Island” 
 where he had spent one afternoon. MoSt sig¬ 
 nificant of all, in view of his subsequent career, 
 was his childhood habit of collecting news- 
 
 [ 3 3 
 
paper clippings describing the arrivals and 
 sailings of ocean steamships, and, as he grew 
 older, clippings of travel and archaeological 
 discovery. It was as if, even in those early 
 years, he were already dreaming and plan¬ 
 ning. 
 
 AgainSt this background of life in the open 
 amid growing things, and of interests as varied 
 as they were keen, sobered by the brooding 
 fascination of an elder world that beckoned 
 to him from beyond the sea, he had grown in¬ 
 to a quiet lad of already unmistakable per¬ 
 sonality. One of his Berkeley School contem¬ 
 poraries, two or three forms below him, has 
 written this recollection: 
 
 There were certain characteristics about How¬ 
 ard Butler that never loSt their impression. As a 
 younger boy in school, I remember he was al¬ 
 ways the courteous, thoughtful gentleman, and 
 although we naturally met but seldom, he always 
 responded with a greeting, the personal and yet 
 perfectly appropriate spirit of which I can never 
 forget. Perhaps I met him a dozen times in my 
 life and never under any except every day cir¬ 
 cumstances, and yet my impression of him to¬ 
 day is more vivid than of any one else of so pass¬ 
 ing an acquaintance. I feel sure he muSt have im¬ 
 pressed many in this mysterious way; and yet it 
 is not Strange if one realizes the true Strength of 
 his personality and the unusual gentleness of his 
 address. 
 
 [ 4 3 
 
In September 1889 he entered the Class of 
 1892 at Princeton as a Sophomore, rooming in 
 his firift year at No. 33 North Edwards Hall. 
 During his laSt two years as an undergraduate 
 he occupied No. 7 Reunion Hall. At a time 
 when campus life was ruder than now and the 
 life of a Sophomore in particular was that of 
 an Ishmael against whom every hand was 
 lifted, his refinement of manner, dress, and 
 speech singled him out immediately and de¬ 
 ceived his classmates as to the strength of will 
 and unhesitant courage that lay beneath his 
 calm exterior, much as his mediocre standing 
 during his Sophomore and Junior years gave 
 but slight indication of his latent powers. 
 Careless campus assessment, prone to judge 
 at fir£t by externals, is the explanation of the 
 nickname “Mabel” that was swiftly given 
 him; but campus judgment usually comes out 
 right at la£t, and it was not long before 
 Howard Butler won prominence in the affec¬ 
 tion and respedf of the Class. 
 
 His choices of £tudy lay in History, the lan¬ 
 guages, and Ancient and Modern Art; and in 
 Art and the languages he ultimately held 
 high rank. He already knew his Classics and 
 English Literature. Later he learned to speak 
 French and Italian fluently, and Arabic, Tur¬ 
 kish and Modern Greek sufficiently well to 
 dispense with interpreters if necessary, al- 
 
 C 5 3 
 
though he was never a serious student of lan¬ 
 guages. A well-known professor at Princeton 
 dill cherishes the photograph of a class in 
 Dante, whose members for their la£t recita¬ 
 tion disguised themselves as ruffians of the 
 Mafia, and none in the group looks blood- 
 thirCtier than Butler. He accepted initiation 
 into the American Whig Society but, one 
 imagines, only because every undergraduate 
 at Princeton in the eighteen-nineties was ex¬ 
 pected to belong to one or the other of her 
 ancient twin literary societies; his tables were 
 too individual and delicate to permit him to 
 be an aCtive Hall member; by nature he was 
 neither a debater nor an orator, but rather a 
 reader and a dream-builder. 
 
 During his Junior year he helped to organize 
 an eating-club called “The Inn” which later 
 became “Tiger Inn,” and for which he de¬ 
 signed eventually the clubhouse on ProspeCt 
 Avenue. The year following his graduation he 
 was also one of a group of congenial spirits 
 (among whom were Jesse Lynch Williams and 
 Booth Tarkington) who Ctyled themselves 
 “The Coffee House” with the avowed inten¬ 
 tion of reading together classic English plays, 
 but who aClually found themselves given over 
 to discussing everything in general and thus 
 each week settling the affairs of the universe. 
 “My recollections of the ‘Coffee House/ ” 
 
 [ 6 3 
 
however, writes one of its members, “are 
 among the mo£t precious of my college course, 
 and I derived no little benefit from those 
 gatherings and from the gentle and at all times 
 thoughtful and intelligent criticism of But¬ 
 ler.” Tarkington, then a Senior with a pen 
 gifted in more ways than one, saved to pos¬ 
 terity the name of this coterie by doing for 
 the college annual a charming little drawing, 
 in eighteenth century manner, of the “Coffee 
 House” in session, its members frankly en¬ 
 gaged in anything but serious reading. 
 
 Howard Butler’s most important contri¬ 
 bution to extra-curricular life at Princeton 
 was the prominent share he had during his 
 Senior year in reviving the University Dra¬ 
 matic Association, playing the part of Bianca 
 in John Kendrick Bangs’ “Katherine,” and 
 in the next Spring taking the character of 
 Portia in “The Hon. Julius Caesar” by Po£t 
 Wheeler and Tarkington. This was the play 
 that may be said to have determined the 
 transformation of the moribund Dramatic 
 Association into the rollicking Triangle Club, 
 of which Butler remained until his death a 
 far-seeing director. It will not be thought, of 
 course, that the Triangle Club even in its 
 mo£t inspired moments represented the range 
 of his view of the place Drama should occupy 
 in a liberal education. He had not learned his 
 
 C 7 ] 
 
Shakespeare by heart for nothing, nor was it 
 in vain that throughout his life Shakespeare’s 
 plays were his favorite reading—next to the 
 Bible, which he read daily. On the contrary, 
 he was convinced that a time would come 
 when Drama as an Art would be officially 
 recognized and treated seriously at Princeton, 
 and he died ju£t as his expectation was be¬ 
 coming a reality. 
 
 One feature of the two productions men¬ 
 tioned was a novelty at Princeton of thirty 
 years ago; they were musical comedies, the 
 scores being written by a classmate of Butler. 
 The latter’s appreciation of music was genuine 
 and not merely a social veneer; his crushing 
 rebuke delivered one night at the Metropoli¬ 
 tan Opera House (where he was an annual 
 subscriber) to an individual who undertook 
 to hum the score with the singer on the 3tage 
 was the resentment of a keen lover of music 
 whose ta&e and knowledge were inherited. 
 This trait was noticeable in him as an under¬ 
 graduate. The classmate-composer alluded to 
 makes comment on this facSt: 
 
 His personal charm, his love of the beautiful 
 and the poetry in life, his love of music were all 
 by-produ6ts of a character independent of asso¬ 
 ciation or environment. It was at the point of 
 music that our lives mod intimately touched. 
 My memory now turns to long winter evenings 
 
 t 8 ] 
 
when Butler would drop into my room in North 
 Dod, with a request for ‘something good.’ As I 
 played he would sit and dream—of what, who 
 knows?—until the end. His love of fine music 
 was pidtorial and he often expressed his visuali¬ 
 zations after some selection that especially ap¬ 
 pealed. They were always the expressions of a 
 poet. At these times he impressed me as a being 
 superior to his surroundings, a man apart, un¬ 
 touched by environment. In fact, he always gave 
 me that sensation even when we were indulging 
 in the frivolity of a Triangle Club burlesque. I 
 have seen him but seldom in these later years 
 but each time he appeared finer. Purity of thought 
 and a6tion was always his, and the intervening 
 years seemed merely to polish and refine the 
 strong character that I had always known. 
 
 II 
 
 In June 1892 he was graduated with the de¬ 
 gree of Bachelor of Arts, being awarded a Fel¬ 
 lowship in Art and Archaeology. The Senior 
 Class Nassau Herald had recorded him as 
 expecting to enter the profession of law—a 
 more grotesque choice he could not have 
 made; but the ensuing year of graduate 6tudy 
 at Princeton was spent under the immeasure- 
 able inspiration of Professor Allan Marquand, 
 at whose home “Guernsey Hall” he resided, 
 and that year decided irrevocably the course 
 his life should follow. Considering his inher- 
 
 C 9 1 
 
itance of love for the Fine Arts and the 
 Humanities, love of music and good books, 
 love of living things and the calm beauty of 
 Nature, his decision to devote himself to 
 Architecture, and particularly to Ancient 
 Architecture, is not difficult to explain. View¬ 
 ing Architecture as an art rather than as a tech¬ 
 nical science, and reading in its monuments 
 and history an expression of the lives of men 
 since the days of mankind’s mo£t primitive 
 shelters, he found in it the mo£t elemental 
 and oldest of human appeals; and his was 
 the type of mind in which the human appeal 
 invariably found response. It was not filial 
 devotion alone that took him regularly back 
 throughout his life to the little family circle 
 Still living in his boyhood home, to advise and 
 superintend, or to carry out—if need be with 
 his own hands—the planting of the garden, 
 the setting out of shrubbery, or the making of 
 those little changes and renovations that ex¬ 
 press one’s love for a place where one’s roots 
 go deep. Beautifully devoted as he was to 
 that small household, these occupations were 
 also expressions of himself, outcroppings of a 
 dominant strain, satisfactions of personal 
 needs. 
 
 At Commencement in June 1893 he received 
 the degree of Master of Arts on examina¬ 
 tion. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy v/as 
 
 [ 10 3 
 
now open to him, but he was too eager to 
 get ahead with independent research of his 
 own to give the time to acquiring any addi¬ 
 tional degrees. Accordingly that autumn he 
 enrolled himself under Professor Ware’s guid¬ 
 ance in the School of Architecture at Colum¬ 
 bia University, applying himself to the techni¬ 
 cal side of the architect’s profession. In i8 95 
 he was called back to Princeton as Lecturer 
 on Architecture, remaining the two academic 
 years of 1895-1896 and 1896-1897. At the Ses- 
 quicentennial Celebration of the founding of 
 Princeton, held in 1896, he designed a beauti¬ 
 ful Memorial Arch on Nassau Street, some¬ 
 what following the lines of the Arch of Trajan 
 at Beneventum. Another of his creations at 
 Princeton was the memorial tablet that hung 
 in Marquand Chapel commemorating the he¬ 
 roic death of two Princeton missionaries in the 
 Boxer Rebellion. Appointed for the year 1897- 
 1898 University Fellow in Archaeology at the 
 American School of Classical Studies in Rome, 
 he spent the year abroad. 
 
 As far back as his Junior year at college he 
 had been deeply interested in Count Melchior 
 de Vogue’s well-known record of his tour 
 through Central Syria in 1861-62, the pub¬ 
 lished report and plates of which had remain¬ 
 ed the principal if not the only source of infor¬ 
 mation regarding Pagan and Christian Archi- 
 
 C 11 3 
 
tedlure in that region. Correspondence with 
 the older scholar began an acquaintance which 
 visits to Paris ripened into warm friendship, so 
 that when Mr. Butler at length proposed to 
 extend and complete de Vogue’s explorations, 
 he not only received mo£t cordial encourage¬ 
 ment but was given the note-books and maps 
 of the earlier journey. It may be added here 
 that he remained on the mo£t intimate terms 
 with M. de Vogue and eventually found him¬ 
 self one of the few Americans—or was he not 
 the only one?—invited to contribute to the 
 “Florilegium” presented to the Count on his 
 eightieth birthday. 
 
 Thus began what has been called his queSt 
 among the ghoSt cities of the Syrian Wilder¬ 
 ness and at the buried metropolis of Sardis, 
 a que£t which has been one of the modern 
 romances, as an editorial in The New York 
 Times happily phrased it, “where he put the 
 Recoverer by the side of the Discoverer in 
 the field of scientific adventure.” 
 
 It is not necessary to tell here the 6tory of 
 that que£t in detail; it may be read far more 
 convincingly in the Reports that have been 
 published, and in the estimate of Mr. Butler’s 
 professional work that is to appear in the 
 American Journal of Archaeology. But for the 
 present purpose it is in point to quote two 
 sentences from his statement of its origination 
 
 [ 12 ] 
 
as he expressed it in an article published in the 
 Century Magazine of June 1903, containing a 
 curious resurgence and vindication of his 
 youthful wondering habit. 
 
 In reading M. de Vogue’s book one wonders 
 what there may be beyond and on each side of 
 his route; for he says that there were many great 
 ruins to be seen in the distance which could not 
 be reached for lack of time. And it was from won¬ 
 dering what might be beyond, that an American 
 archaeological expedition was organized in 1899 
 to extend M. de Vogue’s work and verify his 
 drawings by the camera. 
 
 This was Butler’s firSl expedition into the 
 Syrian Desert and was made possible by the 
 generous patronage of a group of friends. Its 
 purpose was clearly explained in the preface 
 to his volume on “Architecture and Other 
 Arts” in Part II of the “Publications of an 
 American Archaeological Expedition to Syria, 
 1899-1900,” where he says: 
 
 It was the plan of this American expedition, 
 so far as the £tudy of architecture was concerned, 
 fir£t to visit all the sites reached by M. de Vogue, 
 to verify the measurements of monuments al¬ 
 ready published and to take photographs of all 
 such monuments; second, to £tudy the unpub¬ 
 lished monuments at the same sites for publica¬ 
 tion; and third, to extend the search for ruins in¬ 
 to unexplored territory and to determine, as far 
 
 C 13 ] 
 
as possible, the geographical limits of the region 
 that produced the particular styles of architec¬ 
 ture known to exiCl in this seCtion. 
 
 This plan was quite thoroughly carried out 
 in Northern Central Syria: 
 
 All the sites visited by de Vogue were reached, 
 published and unpublished monuments were mea¬ 
 sured and photographed, and search in unex¬ 
 plored territory was rewarded by the discovery 
 of many sites with important architectural re¬ 
 mains. Several unpublished monuments were 
 found in places known to explorers and a strik¬ 
 ingly large number of buildings was found with 
 dated inscriptions from the firCt century b.c. to 
 the beginning of the seventh century a.d. 
 
 The result was that the expedition was able 
 not only to corroborate the general conclusions 
 of de Vogue but also to correCl them in many 
 instances, while adding largely to his epi- 
 graphical results and to scientific knowledge 
 of the architecture and vanished life of the 
 region. 
 
 But the Syrian Desert had not absorbed all 
 of Howard Butler’s attention. He had the 
 gift of being able to work easily, to pick up a 
 task where he had left it, and to carry it on 
 without any loss of momentum. Interrup¬ 
 tions never seemed to check him. And so, amid 
 his multitudinous and harassing duties as 
 diredor of the Syrian expeditions, two acci- 
 
 C 14 3 
 
dental summer visits to Scotland had been 
 utilized in studying the ruins of Scottish ab¬ 
 beys, partly from purely architectural motives 
 and partly also for the pleasure of recreating 
 their historic and romantic Ctory. The mate¬ 
 rials thus gathered became his volume, pub¬ 
 lished in 1900, on “Scotland's Ruined Abbeys,” 
 of which the London Spectator remarked that 
 the author had struck “a happy medium be¬ 
 tween Dry-as-DuCt and the late Mr.Ruskin,” 
 and for which the illustrations were his own 
 pen-and-ink sketches. Successive visits to 
 Greece and particularly a Stay at Athens, when 
 as a student in the American School at Rome 
 hehad enjoyed the hospitality of the American 
 School at Athens, gave him the material of his 
 popular volume “The Story of Athens” pub¬ 
 lished in 1902, a volume which inevitably 
 suffers of course from the impossibility of com¬ 
 pressing the history of the City of the Violet 
 Crown into five hundred pages. The sole pur¬ 
 pose of the book was to give a simple unpre¬ 
 tentious sketch of the life and art of Athens 
 from its beginning to the present, as recorded 
 in ancient literature and in the monuments 
 that time has spared. In this volume Mr. 
 Butler’s line drawings of Athenian monuments 
 are often quite remarkable. His talent with 
 pen and ink as well as his skill as a technical 
 draughtsman is plentifully shown in the illus- 
 
 C 15 3 
 
trations of his books and in the plates of the 
 Reports of his expeditions. 
 
 In 1901 he was re-appointed Lecturer on 
 Architecture at Princeton and held this 
 position during the academic years 1901-1902 
 to 1904-1905 inclusive, being then promoted 
 to a professorship of Art and Archaeology. He 
 retained this title until the end of the year 
 1918-1919 when the name of his chair was 
 changed to that of History of Architecture. 
 
 Four years after the return in 1900 of the 
 American Archaeological Expedition to Syria, 
 he organized a second, under the auspices of 
 Princeton University. This expedition had 
 a somewhat different aim from that of its 
 predecessor; it purposed to 3 tudy important 
 sites and groups of less important sites more 
 in detail and to extend research into new 
 fields only in a few clearly defined localities. 
 And in the Spring of 1909 he headed a third 
 expedition to Syria to complete the work be¬ 
 gun four years earlier but interrupted by bad 
 weather conditions and a shortage of food. 
 Although brief in duration this expedition 
 proved to be exceptionally successful. The 
 materials collected were chiefly epigraphical 
 and of very great importance. Several vol¬ 
 umes of reports containing the results of 
 these expeditions have been published, re¬ 
 ports in which other Princeton scholars also 
 
 [ 16 ] 
 
have their important part, forming a monu¬ 
 ment of American scholarship in the field of 
 Christian Archaeology; his own share in the 
 series will be indicated by the Bibliography 
 printed later in these pages. But it is well to 
 remember that it was his vision, his energy 
 and persuasiveness, his directing skill—or if 
 one prefers to sum it up in the word his former 
 students moSt frequently use in speaking of 
 him—his insistent and unflagging enthusiasm 
 that made these scholarly volumes possible. 
 
 Ill 
 
 A warm sympathizer with the plan of a resi¬ 
 dential graduate college which had been dis¬ 
 cussed in Princeton councils since 1896, he ac¬ 
 cepted in 1905 the po£t of Master in Residence 
 at “Merwick,” the Graduate House opened 
 as an experiment on the lines of the proposed 
 college. He remained in office when the ex¬ 
 periment became a permanent success and the 
 Graduate College itself was dedicated in 1913, 
 and he was Master until his death. It was at 
 this po£t that the influence of his personality 
 was greatest. To anyone who observed him 
 only casually and was unfamiliar with the 
 character of “the Master,” as he was called,he 
 seemed to be living his own existence oblivious 
 to the fret of petty details, going to his ledlure 
 appointments on the campus and returning 
 
 C 17 ] 
 
immediately to his tower rooms at the Gradu¬ 
 ate College to pursue his own avocation. Un¬ 
 questionably, he refused to allow himself to 
 be held down by minor administrative rules 
 (such for example as reporting names of ab¬ 
 sentees from classes) although admittedly such 
 rules are indispensable to the proper discipline 
 of American undergraduates; he served on no 
 committees of the Faculty unless they had to 
 do with his own department (frequent ab¬ 
 sences from Princeton would have made his 
 usefulness at be£t only intermittent); never¬ 
 theless, himself an enormous worker, he was 
 capable of infinite pains, unsparing of himself 
 in the field of his larger responsibilities and 
 opportunity, and unceasing in his real interest 
 in the men about him. To criticize him as ob¬ 
 livious, aloof, or cold, would be a judgment 
 than which it is difficult to find one more er¬ 
 roneous. 
 
 The unpublished annals of “Merwick” con¬ 
 tain valuable testimony to his methods: 
 
 Many a time have difficulties disappeared un¬ 
 der his calm and sane attention. His advice, wise 
 and kindly, was sparingly given. To teach us to 
 solve our own problems, to sdand upon our own 
 feet, was his aim. And much as we profited by a 
 word fitly spoken, I think we learned an even 
 more valuable lesson from his example. He was 
 never hurried and never abrupt. He seemed to 
 
 C 18 3 
 
create an atmosphere of scholarly leisure; yet 
 what a worker! He lectured twelve hours a week; 
 he corrected personally and painstakingly a mass 
 of notebooks; he superintended the whole run¬ 
 ning of the house. Beside his formal duties, he 
 was drawing plates and ceaselessly working on 
 the publications springing from his archaeologi¬ 
 cal researches. Not only was he publishing the 
 results of paSt work but he was finding funds and 
 making preparations of every sort for coming 
 trips to the Near EaSt. In addition to a scholarly 
 mind, he possessed great organizing ability and a 
 surprising power of doing two things at once. Often 
 have I seen him taking part in a general conver¬ 
 sation while the architectural plate grew in 
 beauty and complexity beneath his calmly mov¬ 
 ing fingers. He seemed to turn his attention en¬ 
 tirely and instantly from one subject to another. 
 
 At the Graduate College, his duties required 
 constant daily exercise of executive ability 
 on a larger scale in the material administra¬ 
 tion of the building, tact and firmness in the 
 organization and general guidance of the 
 domestic life of the place, and a Still wider 
 range of sympathies in the personal advice and 
 help he was always ready to give. ‘'I shall 
 never forget,” says a foreign Student who re¬ 
 sided at the College at two separate periods, 
 “I shall never forget how, in spite of the vaSt 
 amount of work he did, he never was too busy 
 to help any of his Students, or fellow-workers, 
 
 [ 19 ] 
 
as he always regarded us.” Seeming to have 
 but few intimate friends, he was on the other 
 hand a constant and genuine friend not only 
 to successive groups of students, graduate 
 and undergraduate, in his own department, but 
 to all who during the paSt decade have been 
 residents of the Graduate College. His doors 
 were open in the evening to any who sought 
 his counsel or merely dropped in for a chat. 
 This genuine unobtrusive friendliness was 
 not limited to the scholars in the community 
 on the hill; the Greek serving-men there 
 loved him; he personally supervised the edu¬ 
 cation of one or two promising boys from 
 Greece; frequently he was to be seen pausing 
 on Nassau Street in Princeton to chat with 
 townspeople on a footing of familiarity that 
 one associates with a wayside village on the 
 New York-Albany PoStroad; undergraduates, 
 juSt beginning to find themselves, discovered 
 in him an adviser to whom they could bring 
 their questions without reserve. 
 
 One of his former students speaks of his ex¬ 
 ceptional quality of sensitive understanding 
 of the Student’s point of view, the grasp he had 
 of each individual’s attitude of mind; he al¬ 
 ways evinced a ready sympathy for their dif¬ 
 ficulties, and would gradually set forth their 
 path by feeling out their own logic for them, 
 tempering it all with what his conscience and 
 
 [ 20 ] 
 
his experience told him was the truth. Few 
 realized until afterwards, if ever, what his 
 service had really been. 
 
 As his courses grew in popularity,” continues 
 this writer, “more and more men took them with 
 the expedition that they would prove less exad- 
 ing than others. Such men began by being amused 
 at his humour, then became intereded by his 
 pidures of by-gone times, and ended by being 
 enthralled by his personality, and converts to a 
 love of the Fine Arts. Whatever may have been 
 their fird impression his dudents came unfail¬ 
 ingly to admire his scholarship and to realize 
 that in him a love of the Fine Arts was without 
 any suspicion of ‘pose/ The adonishing success 
 he had as a teacher, the keen and enduring ap¬ 
 preciation he evoked for the beauties of archi- 
 tedure, were due as much to the unaffeded gen¬ 
 uineness of his own personality, as to the enthu¬ 
 siasm he himself possessed and which he inspired 
 in others. 
 
 It is true, as another of his dudents has 
 written with regard to Mr. Butler’s qualities 
 as a teacher, that he was no taskmader; no 
 one who loved him can be so blind as not to 
 have seen that he was lenient. 
 
 He did not seem to exped his dudents to do 
 long readings, to write voluminous reports, or to 
 clear up the field of each topic with religious 
 completeness. The exading research of scholar¬ 
 ship he had probably found irksome himself and 
 
 [ 21 n 
 
so did not require it of his students. His own broad 
 and detailed knowledge of architecture had been 
 gathered from the very monuments, and his mem¬ 
 ory was such that he could revive with photo¬ 
 graphic accuracy almost every architectural ele¬ 
 ment that he had ever seen or touched. Hence 
 his own mind served him as a firSt-hand refer¬ 
 ence library and he was not insistent upon the 
 importance of second-hand reference work in the 
 bibliography of architecture. Always and especial¬ 
 ly he was a Student of men, and his interest in 
 architecture was in its human actuality rather 
 than in its unhuman science. So that he probably 
 found books of pedantic scholarship dull and life¬ 
 less save as they threw some light upon the real 
 problems of excavation and restoration; and in 
 these he was boyishly enthusiastic and scrupu¬ 
 lously exaCt. 
 
 But when one comes to the things he gave, 
 both to those who Studied under him and to 
 those who juSl came to be with him, analysis is 
 baffling. While he never seemed to insist that 
 men should work, and at times seemed to con¬ 
 nive with them in scholastic indulgence, he fired 
 everyone about him with an enthusiasm for archi¬ 
 tecture. And enthusiasm is the firSt Step towards 
 work. The way this power of his to kindle a 
 flame of vital interest aCted upon so many and 
 such different types of men Still passes our un¬ 
 derstanding. It was magic. Perhaps it was not 
 architecture at all but his own superb enthusiasm 
 that swept away all barriers, save those of love 
 and respeCt, between him and his young friends 
 
 C 22 ] 
 
and simply made men interested in what he en¬ 
 joyed. This however can not be the secret, as he 
 was ever more interested in the individual than 
 in anything of his own. That interest in others 
 was the power which drew men to him, made 
 them unburden themselves and seek his advice. 
 It was simply that young men came to love him 
 with a devotion which made them want what he 
 wanted. Certainly his power of putting the Stu¬ 
 dent at his ease, freeing his mind of self-con¬ 
 scious inhibitions, had something to do with his 
 power of awaking an interest in architecture. It 
 was Strange how he could help men to discover 
 their own minds.” 
 
 “Another faCtor that worked upon his Stu¬ 
 dents was the clarity of both his memory and 
 his power of description. From the Storehouse of 
 his experience he could rebuild pictures in words, 
 add graphic particulars to the slightest detail, 
 and make his subjeCt a fascinating game. I think 
 we all came at one time or another to look upon 
 him as an ideal; many went so far as to affeCt his 
 calm and manner; all of us dreamed of Storing 
 our minds with the vaSt amount of material that 
 seemed to flow so freely from his.” 
 
 Readers of these pages will have caught the 
 recurring reference to Howard Butler’s man¬ 
 ner; it is found even in the recollection of him 
 as a boy. It was as much a part of his elusive 
 character as his immaculateness amid the dust 
 and heat of excavation labor, or his insistence, 
 
 [ 23 d 
 
when in the field, on having afternoon tea 
 served as regularly as if he were in a well- 
 appointed club instead of a tent in the Syrian 
 Desert. It was not that he demanded luxury 
 —far from it, for he had not been so brought 
 up and moreover he carried responsibilities 
 that forbade luxurious self-indulgence. It was 
 rather that his philosophy of life insisted that 
 the surest method of overcoming discomfort 
 and the vexatious was to ignore them good- 
 naturedly, certainly to minimize them, render 
 them unimportant, and meanwhile to make 
 all that one might of the little graces and ame¬ 
 liorations of existence. This was the secret of 
 his imperturbability. And his outward conces¬ 
 sions to personal well-being never hindered 
 him in his tasks; his field-notes and diaries 
 were always up to date, his manuscript always 
 the firSt to be ready for the printer. He carried 
 with him wherever he might be an atmos¬ 
 phere of serenity and graciousness, not an ex¬ 
 ternal finish, superficial and assumed, or ac¬ 
 quired through years of polite living; but, to 
 continue these words of one who knew him 
 long and well, “an inner poise, a free and love¬ 
 ly attitude of spirit toward all outward things, 
 so that at once life became simpler, finer, and 
 living itself a fine art.” His presence in a room 
 seemed immediately to lift its tone; never was 
 he rough-voiced, never bitter nor petty, never 
 
 E 24 3 
 
in ugly mood, never even bearing himself with 
 depressing carriage, but creating always a 
 buoyant sense of tine beauty in life. 
 
 “With this went the stronger quality of justice, 
 the quality of seeing with another’s eyes; instinc¬ 
 tively one felt that no personal consideration, no 
 narrow outlook, hampered his justness. He went 
 Straight to the heart of any trouble, eliminating 
 unessentials and illuminating the point so simply 
 that doubts vanished and decision became easy. 
 I believe this quality came both from his sympa¬ 
 thetic understanding of people and his clear think¬ 
 ing. His mind worked like a fine machine, precise, 
 accurate.” 
 
 Of his rare physical courage plenty of evi¬ 
 dence is to be found in his Eastern experiences; 
 his gentleness was not the gentleness of timid¬ 
 ity but that of self-reliant strength that knows 
 not fear. One quotation from his unpublished 
 narrative of an encounter with the Bedawin 
 during the Princeton Expedition of 1909, will 
 suffice as an illustration: 
 
 “ . . . We had scarcely time to realize where we 
 were before a band of twenty spearmen, well 
 mounted, Started in our direction at full gallop 
 with the unmistakable war-cry of the Bedawin. 
 These had scarcely left the tents when a second 
 band, armed with rifles, dashed after their fel¬ 
 lows. I realized at once the danger of our posi¬ 
 tion. My four companions were in Syria for the 
 firSt time, their experience with Arabs was hard- 
 
 C 25 3 
 
ly a week old, they knew not a word of Arabic. 
 There was no time to think, no chance to ex¬ 
 plain. Leaving them grouped about our drago¬ 
 man, I rode direblly toward the advancing horse¬ 
 men coming on at full speed with spears set. I 
 yelled at the top of my voice: ‘Your guests are 
 unarmed!’ waving my arms to show that I was 
 unarmed, as I always was among the Arabs. To 
 my astonishment the appeal seemed to make no 
 impression; the Arabs continued their charge, 
 and for a moment I began to lose faith in Arab 
 cuStom. But juSt as their spears seemed to reach 
 my horse’s nose, the band parted and in a second 
 one group had surrounded me while the other 
 made a ring around my party. Then pandemo¬ 
 nium was let loose. They dismounted, holding faSt 
 our horses, though not a hand was laid upon one 
 of us foreigners. They pulled the soldier [a guard] 
 from his horse, took his rifle, and began to Strip 
 his cartridges from him. In the Babel of sound I 
 could make out ‘Who are you ? What are you do¬ 
 ing here?’ Then as the shouts and excitement in¬ 
 creased and our situation seemed at its worSt, I 
 saw a tall spare figure all in white mounted on a 
 beautiful Arab horse, easily cantering up toward 
 us, his mantle floating out behind him.” 
 
 The newcomer was the great Shekh of the 
 Anizeh and explanations proved that the ex¬ 
 plorers had been mistaken for hostile raiders. 
 
 Thorough acquaintance with the EaStern 
 mind and with the etiquette of the Desert, 
 exquisite tadl and unerring judgment, to- 
 
 [ 26 ] 
 
gether with those other qualities of heart and 
 spirit that gave him his hold on men of his 
 own race, placed Mr. Butler on immediate 
 good terms with Arab, Druse, Greek or Turk. 
 In a delightful series of unpublished‘‘Sketches 
 of the Druses,” he describes how Hassan, the 
 Shekh of Tarba, became convinced that he 
 mu St send his two young sons to America to 
 be educated under Mr. Butler’s care; how he 
 was called father and brother by warlike chiefs 
 because he had used his good offices with the 
 Governor of Damascus on their behalf; and 
 how he was formally desired to request the 
 Sultan, Abdul Hamid, to appoint him gover¬ 
 nor of the Druses. 
 
 But if he made this impression on half-wild 
 dwellers of the wilderness, he was no less 
 genuinely admired and trusted in the highest 
 circles of the Ottoman Empire. The simple 
 Druses were amazed to learn that he had 
 talked face to face with the Sultan and had 
 even smoked a cigarette with His Imperial 
 Majesty. One of his warmest and moSt in¬ 
 fluential friends in the EaSt was Halil Edhem 
 Bey, the distinguished Director of the Imperi¬ 
 al Ottoman Museum at Constantinople, and 
 the formal message which the latter sent, on 
 Mr. Butler’s death, to the President of Prince¬ 
 ton University, made no attempt to hide the 
 note of personal loss. This even more plainly 
 
 [ 2 7 ] 
 
permeates a private letter written by him to 
 one of Butler’s colleagues, by whose permis¬ 
 sion it is quoted: 
 
 Rentre ici apres un long sejour en Suisse a 
 cause de ma sante, quelle ne fut ma douleur 
 d’apprendre le deces inattendu de Mons. Butler. 
 J’ai dejafait parvenir, par l’entremise de Mons. 
 I’amiral Bristol, 1’expression de ma profonde con- 
 doleance a l’Universite de Princeton. Permettez- 
 moi de vous dire aussi combien j’ai ete afflige de 
 cette perte immense et irreparable aussi bien pour 
 la science que pour ses amis. Depuis de longues 
 annees que j’avais le bonheur d’etre en relations 
 avec lui, j’ai pu toujours conSlater sa droiture et 
 son caraSlere fin et delicieux. Ma triStesse s’eSl 
 augmentee de ce fait qu’il avait dit en quittant 
 Constantinople qu’il irait me voir en Suisse. Et 
 je l’attendais longuement, helas, en vain. Mon¬ 
 sieur Butler s’eSt erige lui-meme un monument 
 par ses importantes publications et par les fouilles 
 de Sardes. J’aime a esperer que ces travaux 
 seront repris par des collaborateurs diStingues 
 comme vous. 
 
 Je vous serais bien reconnaissant, si vous vou- 
 driez bien presenter a l’honorable famille de 
 notre regrette ami mes plus profonds sentiments 
 de sympathie. 
 
 IV 
 
 Mr. Butler’s Slay in America, after the laSt 
 Princeton expedition to Syria came home, was 
 deSlined to be short, for his moSl ambitious 
 
 C 28 ] 
 
dream was now shaping itself—the miracle 
 which was to transform a barley-field into the 
 site of a splendid building and to recover the 
 art and life and romance of an ancient royal 
 city in Asia Minor. This was the excavation of 
 Sardis. The antiquity of the site, its impor¬ 
 tance in history, and its geographical position 
 made it appear almost certain that Sardis 
 held the key to many different historical and 
 archaeological problems. These words of his 
 own express the purpose controlling his for¬ 
 mation of the American Society for the Ex¬ 
 cavation of Sardis. Backed by the generous 
 support of the Society and the cordial co-op¬ 
 eration of the Turkish authorities,—it was at 
 the suggestion of Hamdi Bey, then Director 
 of the Imperial Ottoman Museum, that he 
 had applied for permission to excavate Sardis 
 —he assembled his Staff, bought his equip¬ 
 ment, hired his laborers, and in March 1910 
 began adtual work at the ancient Lydian capi¬ 
 tal. 
 
 At the close of his firSt campaign at this 
 spot, his archaeological work, which had long 
 since attracted attention, now received dis¬ 
 tinguished recognition. In the Autumn of 1910 
 he was awarded the Lucy Wharton Drexel 
 Medal “for his researches in Syria and his pub¬ 
 lications thereon, and for his recent excava¬ 
 tions at Sardes.” So runs the language of the 
 
 C 29 ] 
 
award which, it may be recalled is made “for 
 the beSt archaeological excavation, or for the 
 beSt publication based on archaeological ex¬ 
 cavation, by an English speaking scholar with¬ 
 in the previous five years.” 
 
 The promise of the firSt campaign at Sardis 
 was brilliantly fulfilled. Writing in Scribner s 
 Magazine in 1914, after four campaigns but 
 only eighteen months of adtual working-time, 
 he summed up in these words the progress 
 made: 
 
 “A sloping barley-field, with two columns and 
 a heap of fallen column-drums clustering about 
 them, has been converted into a vaSt pit over 
 six hundred feet long and four hundred feet wide, 
 twelve feet deep at one end and fifty feet deep at 
 the other, with four lines of railway on either side 
 running on four different levels and spreading out 
 towards the weSt, over the great flat brown dump 
 which now almoSt fills the broad river-bed at this 
 point. In the midSt of the excavation Stands the 
 Temple, its every outline at the far end marked 
 out by marble foundations againSt the brown 
 earth, its middle sedtion outlined by walls Stand¬ 
 ing at a height of six feet or more, and its eaSt 
 end rising majestically in highly finished walls fif¬ 
 teen to twenty feet high, and thirteen huge col¬ 
 umns Still preserving twenty-five to thirty feet of 
 their original height, in addition to the two origi¬ 
 nal columns which tower almoSt sixty feet above 
 the platform.” 
 
 C 30 ] 
 
Such was Still the general appearance of the 
 excavation when he re-visited it in the Spring 
 of 1922. The introductory volume of the long 
 series planned to cover the variety of materi¬ 
 als brought back to light came from Mr. But¬ 
 ler’s pen and was published in the Summer of 
 1922. Even to the layman in archaeology it is 
 a fascinating narrative, full of human sym¬ 
 pathy and dramatic detail. Happily, Mr. But¬ 
 ler’s second volume on Sardis, that on the 
 great Temple of Artemis, is ready to appear. 
 Architecturally, the Temple is thus far the 
 chief single result of the excavation; but the 
 little buried Christian church unearthed in 
 1912—successor of “the Church in Sardis” of 
 which St. John wrote—grips one’s imagina¬ 
 tion perhaps more than the glorious struc¬ 
 ture overshadowing it. The moSt important 
 discovery from a scientific point of view, in 
 addition to the large collection of Lydian 
 texts, is obviously that of the Lydian-Arama- 
 ic bilingual key, dating from the fourth or 
 fifth century before Christ and making pos¬ 
 sible the initial Steps toward deciphering the 
 “new old” Lydian language. As for the other 
 finds—the many tombs and inscriptions, the 
 pottery, the vessels of bronze and silver, ala¬ 
 baster and glass, the jewelry of gold and 
 precious Stones, the necklaces and rings and 
 other personal ornaments—they connote the 
 
 C 31 3 
 
joys, the loves and aspirations, and also the 
 tragedies, of human beings more than twenty 
 centuries ago. But the work at Sardis was 
 stopped by the European War and during the 
 eight years that followed 1914 the director 
 devoted himself to duties closer at home. 
 
 V 
 
 In April 1916 the Princeton Architectural As¬ 
 sociation was organized by a group of thirty- 
 eight Princeton graduates, chiefly architects, 
 who were all formerly students in the Depart¬ 
 ment of Art and Archaeology and who with 
 but two exceptions had received their prelimi¬ 
 nary training under Mr. Butler. In view of the 
 great increase of undergraduate interest in the 
 Study of architecture, this Association memo¬ 
 rialized the Board of Trustees of Princeton 
 University on the feasibility of establishing a 
 school of Architecture at Princeton, not as an 
 outgrowth of an engineering or technical de¬ 
 partment, as was the case with moSt of the ex¬ 
 isting American schools of architecture, but 
 as a development out of the Department of 
 Art and Archaeology. Already the instruction 
 in the Department was saving for three to five 
 men annually one to two years in the profes¬ 
 sional schools. Mr. Butler was asked by the 
 Board to draw up a Statement of the feasibility 
 
 C 32 ] 
 
of such a development. His conclusions were 
 set forth in a carefully prepared report pre¬ 
 sented to the Board in October 1916. The pro¬ 
 posal of such a school at Princeton was not new; 
 fifteen years earlier it had been discussed, and 
 after consultation with several distinguished 
 American architects, notably the late Charles 
 F. McKim, Mr. Butler had drawn up a State¬ 
 ment of the plan he had in mind of teaching 
 architecture rather as a Fine Art than solely 
 as a technical profession. “This means,” said 
 he, “that Students in architecture shall, in 
 their undergraduate days, be members of the 
 Department of Art and shall Study the his¬ 
 tory and appreciation of sculpture and paint¬ 
 ing as well as the purely architectural sub¬ 
 jects,” and the undergraduate course was to 
 be followed by at leaSt two years of graduate 
 Study. Mr. Butler took the opportunity at 
 this time to set forth a Still broader concep¬ 
 tion—the future development of a College of 
 Fine Arts at Princeton, a group of schools in 
 which not only Architecture but Sculpture 
 and Painting might be taught, all to be based 
 on the humanistic liberal Studies as their es¬ 
 sential background and foundation. 
 
 A special committee was appointed to con¬ 
 sider his primary recommendation as to a 
 School of Architecture, and in 1917 a site was 
 designated and part of the necessary funds 
 
 [ 33 3 
 
for additional equipment and Staff was pro¬ 
 cured. Progress was delayed on account of 
 the war; but in 1920 the School was at length 
 organized with Mr. Butler as Director, the 
 Staff increased, and the plans for an addition 
 to the Museum of Historic Art being approved, 
 in 1921 the erection of McCormick Hall, de¬ 
 signed particularly for the new School and 
 owing its material existence principally to 
 the generosity of the McCormick family, was 
 begun. Its endowment was the gift of the 
 Class of 1895 Princeton University. The 
 building was occupied in the Autumn of 1922. 
 
 During the European War Mr. Butler’s 
 first-hand knowledge of the EaSt enabled him 
 to render service both to the British War 
 Office and to the United States’ “Commission 
 of Inquiry.” In the “Inquiry’s” preparation of 
 material for the Peace Conference, work upon 
 Turkish problems was centered at Princeton, 
 and here his familiaritv with conditions in the 
 
 J 
 
 Turkish Empire and especially his intimate 
 knowledge of the Arab sector were of great 
 assistance. Those with whom he worked have 
 commented upon his admirable political judg¬ 
 ment and on the fine quality of kindliness and 
 understanding that marked his convi(ffions. 
 The help he gave to the British War Office is 
 beSt described in his own words in an article 
 which appeared in the June 1922 number of 
 
 C 34 3 
 
the News Letter of the Princeton Engineering 
 Association. It was evident, he says, that 
 the fascicules published up to 1914 by the 
 American and Princeton Expeditions to Syria 
 had not contained all the maps contemplated 
 by the expeditions. 
 
 “Early in the war,” he continues, “a letter 
 came to me from a Professor in Oxford [D. C. 
 Hogarth] who was well acquainted with our work 
 in Syria, asking if I were too neutral in thought 
 to supply the British War Office with notes and 
 tracings of the maps of Syria which we had not 
 yet published. My reply brought a formal re¬ 
 quest from the War Office for the use of this ma¬ 
 terial. I had already begun to prepare tracings of 
 some of the maps drawn by Edward R. Stoever, 
 who had been making maps for our publications 
 from F. A. Norris’s notes [both Princeton en¬ 
 gineers], and in addition to draw other maps 
 from the great mass of surveyor’s notes made by 
 both Garrett [also a Princeton engineer] and Nor¬ 
 ris, which had never been reduced to drawings. 
 To the ordinary surveys and route maps I added 
 from my own notes and those of the others all 
 sorts of information about the country, the 
 tribes, the wells, the fertile places, the ancient 
 roads, etc. In a few weeks the maps were finished 
 and shipped to Egypt, and I learned later, from 
 the General Staff, that our maps were the only 
 ones that General Allenby had, for several sec¬ 
 tions of the journey made by his troops on the 
 ea£t of Jordan.” 
 
 C 35 3 
 
Mr. Butler belonged to several learned so¬ 
 cieties—the Archaeological Institute ofAmer- 
 ica, the American Institute of Architects, the 
 Architectural League, the American Oriental 
 Society, the Society for the Promotion of Hel¬ 
 lenic Studies, the Society for the Promotion 
 of Roman Studies, the Oriental Club of Phila¬ 
 delphia, the American Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences; and he was a Trustee of the Amer¬ 
 ican Schools of Oriental Research. He was 
 particularly active in the Archaeological In¬ 
 stitute. He had been president of the New 
 Jersey Society of the Institute and a member 
 of the Council, besides being placed on several 
 committees. At the meetingofthe Institute in 
 December 1920 he was appointed chairman of 
 the committee to reorganize the American 
 Journal of Archaeology, and a year later was 
 appointed one of three members of the Insti¬ 
 tute to form a Research Commission (its mem¬ 
 bership was later increased to seven) to pre¬ 
 pare a general plan for all projects of explora¬ 
 tion, excavation, and publication in all fields 
 of archaeology, to be undertaken by America; 
 and he was unanimously elected chairman of 
 the Commission. The Institute spread upon its 
 minutes of December 1922 the tribute to his 
 memory quoted on a later page. Similar ac¬ 
 tion was taken by the Oriental Club of Phila¬ 
 delphia. 
 
 C 36 3 
 
VI 
 
 Careful inquiry during the Winter of 1921 
 had indicated that operations at Sardis might 
 be resumed, and early in the Spring of 1922 
 members of the excavation Staff went out to 
 take up the work, Mr. Butler himself arriv¬ 
 ing in the middle of May. His Class of 1892 
 at Princeton had been assuming paternal, if 
 jocular, oversight of his work in the EaSt, and 
 for several years he had been required to 
 report at Class reunions and dinners on the 
 progress of his labor—to what end was he 
 directing excavations, men asked, save to the 
 greater glory of the Class ? These demands he 
 used to meet with constant good humor, fully 
 entering into their spirit; and, illustrating his 
 talks with photographs and other material, 
 never failed to capture his audience. Obedient 
 to the familiar call he wrote on May 22, from 
 Sardis, a characteristically modeSt letter for 
 the Class, to be read at the Thirtieth Reunion 
 in June. From this letter the passages that 
 follow are taken: 
 
 “You can’t imagine my sensations on revisit¬ 
 ing the old dig after eight years’ absence. The 
 hole in the ground with the Temple in the middle 
 of it has changed little, except that the raw earth 
 is now grass-grown, paSture for sheep and goats. 
 MoSt of the important objects in the excavation 
 were untouched. But our house which was a com- 
 
 1 37 ] 
 
plete wreck is dill only a faint semblance of its 
 former self. Our big dining-room has a huge tent 
 fly where the roof used to be, and we use ladders 
 instead of flairs; for Kemal and his men had gut¬ 
 ted the house of every dick of wood. Neverthe¬ 
 less we are quite comfortable, and our native 
 cook is a chef of no mean order. The wine too is 
 of very excellent quality, so that I find life very 
 much more cheerful than in the arid deserts of 
 the U. S. A.—and this country has a reputation 
 for being a desert! 
 
 “Mod of the work this year has been and will 
 be devoted to getting things into shape again, 
 securing the excavation from further filling up 
 and protecting what is left . . . Little excavation 
 has been carried on this season; but one small dig 
 yielded a little pot containing thirty gold daters 
 of Croesus, all in perfeCt condition. 
 
 “Yesterday being Sunday and there being no 
 chapel, we took a long walk darting out at 6 a.m. 
 and getting back at 6 p.m. We had shots at three 
 wild boars—one of them as large as a small cow 
 —but missed them all. The weather is wonder¬ 
 fully fine; today has been almod too cool, and I 
 am sitting inside by a hot lamp wearing a sweater 
 and a thick coat. I think I shall spend about 
 three weeks more on this job and then take a lit¬ 
 tle jaunt in Greece and Italy. 
 
 “If you receive this in time perhaps you will 
 read or show parts of it to the Class during the 
 Reunion. In any event I hope you will tell the 
 fellows how deeply I regret being away from 
 Princeton at this time. Those of them who have 
 
 [ 38 3 
 
families will perhaps be able to imagine how they 
 would feel if they had not seen one of their chil¬ 
 dren in eight years. Syria and Sardis are my two 
 children. The opportunity came to see Sardis and 
 I could not resist even if I had to miss our great 
 gathering in Princeton. Give my love to all the 
 Class and to all friends in the Burgh. I shall 
 drink the toaSt on the appointed day.” 
 
 He left Sardis for the “little jaunt” as he had 
 planned, going by way of Smyrna and Con¬ 
 stantinople, where he wrote a letter to his 
 mother on her birthday, and after revisiting 
 Athens finally with two of his colleagues ar¬ 
 rived at Taormina in July. Here on the3iSthe 
 was taken with some form of inteStinal fever 
 which left him greatly weakened. Seven days 
 later he was able to travel, and the party 
 motored across the island to Palermo, Mr. 
 Butler glad to be again en route, and intend¬ 
 ing to boat to Naples, where they arrived on 
 the 9th of AuguSl. He left on the 10th for 
 Paris to keep an engagement with his pub¬ 
 lisher. During his illness he adted with his 
 cuStomary cheerfulness, minimizing discom¬ 
 forts, and repeating that he was not ill but 
 merely weak. He reached Paris much exhaust¬ 
 ed on Friday evening, the nth, and was 
 taken to a hotel. His friends in Paris did not 
 know of his arrival. Saturday he reSted, but 
 insisted that reservations be engaged on the 
 
 C 39 1 
 
boat-train for London the next afternoon, ex¬ 
 pelling to sail for home from England on the 
 19th. His condition becoming visibly worse 
 even to the strangers among whom he found 
 himself, he was carried to the American Hos¬ 
 pital at Neuilly on Sunday afternoon, August 
 13. He died that evening. 1 His body was 
 brought back to America and was buried at 
 Croton Falls on September 6, from the little 
 Presbyterian church which he had designed. 
 The old minister who conducted the service 
 of his burial was the one who had baptized 
 him as a child. 
 
 There is something profoundly touching in 
 his joy at seeing Sardis again after eight 
 years—and then to die so tragically. He had 
 been granted more indeed than a glimpse of 
 his promised land and had probably formed 
 a rather definite estimate of the secrets it £till 
 has to reveal. His published work and un¬ 
 published manuscripts on the archaeology of 
 the Syrian Desert and his two great volumes 
 on distant Sardis and her Temple will remain 
 his witness to a wondering that was richly 
 answered; but the completion not only of this 
 que£l but also of his mo£l cherished dream of 
 some day excavating at Palmyra will be left 
 to others. On a Christian tomb in Northern 
 
 *It was my sad duty to identify his body the next day, 
 August 14, 1922,—V. L. C. 
 
 [ 40 ] 
 
Syria, discovered by his fir& expedition, is a 
 Greek inscription cut some fourteen centuries 
 ago, whose phrases might have been propheti¬ 
 cally his own: “I sojourned well; I journeyed 
 well; and well I lie at re£t. Pray for me.” 1 
 
 Publications of an American Archaeological Expedition to 
 Syria, 1899-1900. Part III, Greek and Latin Inscriptions, 
 edited by W. K. Prentice, No. 265. €7 T7]dr]iJi7]a a K aXcbs, 
 rj\0a kcl\cqs, nai Kiixe /caXws. Eu^t/t cuvTreprjfjLOV. 
 
 1 41 3 
 

 
 IfM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE MEMORIAL SERVICE 
 
 O N the afternoon ofOctober 1 1, at the Grad¬ 
 uate College, in the noble Procter Hall 
 where his Latin Grace before Meat had become 
 traditional, and amid surroundings moSt per¬ 
 vaded by his spirit and influence, a Service 
 was held in his memory. On the dais under 
 the great Memorial Window were President 
 
 y 
 
 Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, President 
 of the American Museum of Natural History 
 and lately Acting Chairman of the American 
 Society for the Excavation of Sardis, Dr. Ed¬ 
 ward Robinson, Director of the Metropolitan 
 Museum of Art, Dr. Henry van Dyke, Mur¬ 
 ray Professor of English Literature in Prince¬ 
 ton University, the Right Reverend Paul 
 Matthews, Bishop of New Jersey, the Rev¬ 
 erend William Leroy Mudge of the Class of 
 1892, Colonel William Cooper Procter, Trus¬ 
 tee of Princeton University and Chairman of 
 the Trustees’ Committee on the Graduate 
 School, Ex-Minister John W. Garrett (an inti¬ 
 mate friend and college-mate of Mr. Butler), 
 Mr. Thomas Hastings, President of the So¬ 
 ciety of Beaux Arts Architects and member 
 of the Advisory Board of Architects in the 
 
 [ 43 3 
 
Princeton School of Architecture, Professor 
 Allan Marquand, Chairman of the Depart¬ 
 ment of Art and Archaeology, Princeton Uni¬ 
 versity, Captain Robert B. O’Connor, the 
 firSt graduate of the School of Architecture, 
 and Professor Andrew F. WeSt, Dean of the 
 Graduate School. The High Table was decora¬ 
 ted with chrysanthemums and autumn leaves, 
 and a great log was blazing in the huge re¬ 
 cessed fireplace. The flowers, the play of the 
 firelight, the brilliant academic costumes, and 
 the glory of the Window struck a note rather 
 of triumph than of sadness. The Programme 
 contained a reproduction of the laSt photo¬ 
 graph of Mr. Butler (used also as the frontis¬ 
 piece of this book) and under the portrait 
 were these sentences: “Sardis, wealthiest city 
 in Asia after Babylon” (from Xenophon’s Cyro- 
 pedia)) “What think you of royal Sardis, home 
 of Croesus? And what of Smyrna?” (from Hor¬ 
 ace’s Epifiles), and laSt of all the words of St. 
 John the Divine: “And unto the angel of the 
 church in Sardis write: They shall walk with 
 me in white; for they are worthy. And unto 
 the angel of the church in Smyrna write: Be 
 thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee 
 a crown of life.” 
 
 After the Organ Prelude—the Air from 
 Bach’s “Suite in D”—played by Dr. Alexan¬ 
 der Russell on the Organ and Mr. Francis W. 
 
 C 44 3 
 
Roudebush on the violin, the Reverend Mr. 
 Mudge read the Scripture Lesson from the 
 twelfth and thirteenth chapters of the Fir£t 
 Epistle to the Corinthians, and then offered 
 this Prayer: 
 
 “Eternal God, ever living, life giving, we give 
 Thee thanks for the pure and noble life of 
 our dearly loved friend who has gone from 
 us to abide in fulness of joy forevermore. 
 We pray that his gifts and graces may 
 dwell as an influence in this place to make 
 us better men, more worthy of our high 
 calling. 
 
 “And as we linger yet a moment to speak with 
 our Father, hear us, not in weak words of 
 our own choosing, but in the words of 
 eternal peace taught by our Elder Brother, 
 our adorable Lord and Saviour: 
 
 “ ‘Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowed be 
 Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will 
 be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give 
 us this day our daily bread. And forgive 
 us our trespasses as we forgive those that 
 trespass against us. And lead us not into 
 tempation; but deliver us from evil. For 
 Thine is the kingdom, the power, and the 
 glory, for ever and ever. Amen.’ ” 
 
 c 45: 
 

 
 ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
President Hibben then spoke: 
 
 PRESIDENT HIBBEN 
 
 W E meet today obeying an instinctive im¬ 
 pulse common to all mankind—to honor 
 their beloved dead. We come with mingled 
 feelings of grief and yet of pride, bearing our 
 tributes of praise and affection for one who 
 has left us for a far country, whom even in our 
 thoughts we may not follow and whom we 
 cannot recall to his wonted place and labors 
 in the Princeton which he devotedly loved 
 and served. There are others, who will follow 
 me this afternoon, who will speak of Howard 
 Butler as the scholar and the explorer, and 
 of his life and influence here as hrSt Master 
 in Residence of our Graduate College. It is 
 fitting that I should dwell for a few moments 
 upon his great value to the University as a 
 teacher. 
 
 It does not always happen that one whose 
 daily thoughts are running in the fields of 
 observation and research should at the same 
 time be willing and able to give himself un¬ 
 reservedly to the duties of teaching. Howard 
 Butler, however, was able to combine happily 
 the two functions of the scholar and of the 
 teacher. He had a genius for teaching. In all 
 his achievements in this sphere of his adtivi- 
 
 £ 47 3 
 
ties he gave an illustration of the truth that 
 teaching is one of the Fine Arts. He gave him¬ 
 self with his whole soul and spirit to the 
 Students, sparing neither time nor energy in 
 his zealous efforts to impart to them the 
 secrets of knowledge and inspiring them with 
 interest and enthusiasm for their work. He 
 awakened their minds, quickened their in¬ 
 tellectual curiosity and imparted to them a 
 love of truth, so that life for them took on a 
 new meaning. Through his example and in¬ 
 fluence they forgot the passing of time and 
 even all fatigue in their Studies. His was a 
 marvelous achievement, the very triumph of 
 teaching. Like the great maSters of old, who 
 looked upon the faces of their pupils and 
 founded the schools of the Academy and the 
 Lyceum, so Professor Butler conceived the 
 idea of a school which should have a perma¬ 
 nent name and place in our academic life. A 
 small group of Students pursuing the Study 
 of architecture under Professor Butler marked 
 the beginning of the realization of his pur¬ 
 pose. There soon followed the organization 
 of the School of Architecture, with Professor 
 Butler as its firSt Director. The enterprise 
 developed rapidly until one and a half years 
 ago the new McCormick Hall was begun and 
 will soon be finished as the permanent home 
 of the School. 
 
 C 48 ] 
 
The founder and director of this great en¬ 
 terprise has fallen in the mid£t of his labors 
 and at the moment of the full fruition of 
 his hope and expectations. The master mind 
 has been withdrawn from its activities; the 
 voice of counsel and of inspiration has been 
 Stilled. And yet if I could express his wish to¬ 
 day, I am sure that he would have me say to 
 those whose lives have been informed by his 
 spirit and fashioned after his likeness that 
 they must carry on this work so auspiciously 
 begun, with unflagging zeal in the spirit of 
 his desire and in his name. As your master and 
 leader, one who wrapped himself wholly in 
 his work, devoting his great gifts and labors 
 fir£t of all to the upbuilding of the strength 
 and beauty of our Princeton life, he would 
 urge upon you to seek, with the enthusiasm 
 of his spirit and with a purpose made sacred 
 by his death, the realization of that end 
 toward which he had directed the course of 
 his life and of which, I believe, in his la£t 
 hours he was not unmindful. 
 
 [ 49 ] 
 
Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn followed 
 President Hibben , speaking of Mr. Butler as 
 the Explorer. 
 
 PROFESSOR OSBORN 
 
 I N the Divine Comedy,Dante speaks ofUlys- 
 ses, of exploration of the we&ern seas and 
 lands, of braving dangers, of overcoming ob¬ 
 stacles, of offering home, family, friends, life 
 itself, in the queSt of the great unknown, its 
 wonders, its beauties, its riches. 
 
 “O brothers!” I began, “who to the weSt 
 Through perils without number now have reach’d; 
 To this the short remaining watch, that yet 
 Our senses have to wake, refuse not proof 
 Of the unpeopled world, following the track 
 Of Phoebus. Call to mind from whence ye sprang: 
 Ye were not form’d to live the lives of brutes, 
 
 But virtue to pursue and knowledge high.” 1 
 
 For two thousand years our ancestors, thus 
 inspired, were facing the setting sun, until the 
 whole earth had been encircled by explorers. 
 
 Then, only a brief hundred years ago, the 
 indomitable human spirit turned eastward, 
 toward the rising sun, the Orient, toward the 
 buried treasures and paSt beauties of the very 
 
 1 Dante Alighieri, Inferno xxvi, 11 . 112-120. Translated by 
 the Rev. H. F. Cary, a.m. 
 
 C P ] 
 
peoples and civilizations which had been press¬ 
 ing westward from the dawn of history. 
 
 Led by Layard, Schliemann, Evans, and a 
 hoSt of others, and chiefly inspired by de 
 Vogue, Howard Crosby Butler became a cru¬ 
 sader in this eastward tide of exploration. 
 
 As a follower in his youthful Princeton days, 
 and in the broad and deep discipline of his 
 graduate years, he prepared himself. 
 
 A short seven years after graduation, name¬ 
 ly in the year 1899, we find die deserts 
 
 of North Central Syria in full command. No 
 longer a follower, but a leader, imaginative, 
 determined, successful, soon becoming dis¬ 
 tinguished. No one of us who knew the gentle 
 and almost too gentlemanly student of art 
 and the classics under Marquand and Froth- 
 ingham would have divined his latent powers 
 to command Orientals, whether Arabs, Be¬ 
 douins, or Turks. Suaviter in modo, fortiter in 
 re , he was firSt: trusted, then almost idolized 
 by his workmen. 
 
 It was the sterling integrity, as well as the 
 consummate skill, of the work in Syria (1899- 
 1909) which led to the highest distinction 
 ever offered to an American and Christian ex¬ 
 plorer by a Mohammedan government, name¬ 
 ly, the unsolicited invitation to enter and take 
 command of the excavation of Sardis. The 
 Turks knew they could truSt Butler; they 
 
 C 52 3 
 
knew that he was absolutely honorable. The 
 difficulties of Sardis exploration had seemed 
 insurmountable to others; the great period of 
 civilization and culture of Asia Minor, ju£t 
 older than the Syrian and extending back to 
 the Lydian and beyond, was buried fathoms 
 deep. These deeply buried ruins were to be 
 entered under his brilliant leadership between 
 1910 and 1922. His was the secret of self-for¬ 
 getfulness in a great cause. Butler never spoke 
 to us of himself, always of the workmen, of the 
 colleagues, of the students, of the mo£t be¬ 
 loved Alma Mater. He was driven on, not by 
 ambition, but by love—love of his fellow men, 
 love of his profession, love of beauty and 
 truth. 
 
 His own genial and idealistic view of life 
 is reflected in the characters and personalities 
 which he brought to life, and now that he has 
 taken his place among the noble shades of the 
 long period of6ooB.c. to a.d. 600, the artisans, 
 the architects, the poets, the merchants, the 
 rulers, the governors, even the shade of the 
 supreme ruler, Croesus, will be grateful to him. 
 We hear them murmuring, “We have been 
 charged with a mere love of gain and of the 
 gold of PaCtolus. You have shown the world 
 that we loved beauty, that we kept our cove¬ 
 nants, that we honored our deities. ” Still more 
 will the shades of ancient Syria, and the shades 
 
 C 53 ] 
 
of honorable men and women of the early 
 Christian Church, from its very beginnings 
 beneath the shadows of the ruined pillars of 
 Sardis to the glorious temples of Syria, honor 
 and welcome him. 
 
 The span of Butler’s life as an Explorer was 
 only twenty-two years; his name and his in¬ 
 fluence will endure as many centuries. So in 
 our bereavement we are consoled by his im¬ 
 mortality. 
 
 “ ... That which we are, we are: 
 
 One equal temper of heroic hearts, 
 
 Made weak by time and fate, but Strong in will 
 
 To Strive, to seek, to find and not to yield.” 1 
 
 l Alfred Tennyson. Ulysses. Last four lines. 
 
 c 54 :i 
 
Professor Allan Marquand , in behalj of the 
 Faculty of the University , read the following 
 Minute adopted by that body: 
 
 PROFESSOR MARQUAND 
 
 T HE Faculty of Princeton University 
 places on its record this Minute concern¬ 
 ing the death of Professor Howard Crosby 
 Butler: 
 
 He started on what proved to be a very emi¬ 
 nent career, relying solely on his own slender 
 means, his native abilities and the fine home 
 training given by his honored parents. It is the 
 tale of a gifted American boy overcoming dis¬ 
 heartening difficulties by quiet effort and win¬ 
 ning his way to well-earned international re¬ 
 nown. 
 
 As an investigator in archaeology he form¬ 
 ed and led three expeditions into the Syrian 
 Desert and two expeditions for excavating an¬ 
 cient Sardis. His tad: and personal bravery 
 in dealing with turbulent conditions among 
 wild tribes and the many piduresque experi¬ 
 ences he encountered invented his expeditions 
 with the charm of romance. The discoveries 
 made under his diredion, already published 
 or to be published, have disclosed and inter¬ 
 preted for the modern world long-lod treas¬ 
 ures of knowledge regarding the successive 
 
 C 55 3 
 
Lydian, Greek, Syrian and Roman civiliza¬ 
 tions. It was a fitting tribute to his leadership 
 that he was unanimously chosen a year ago 
 by the Archaeological Institute of America to 
 be the Chairman of its newly created Re¬ 
 search Commission which is to draft a plan 
 for all enterprises of exploration, excavation 
 and publication to be undertaken by the 
 archaeologists of America for a generation 
 to come. 
 
 As a Professor of the History of Architec¬ 
 ture he was unique in our land. More than 
 an able technician or professional expert, he 
 Stood almoSt alone in transcending his sub¬ 
 ject and in revealing it againSt its broad and 
 deep historic background both as complete in 
 itself and as an organic part of human achieve¬ 
 ment. 
 
 As a teacher he had a subtle inStindt for 
 divining and evoking the latent powers of 
 those he taught. His calmly patient counsels, 
 freely given and gladly taken, wakened his 
 Students individually and in groups to efforts 
 they had formerly thought impossible, and 
 finally created a living force Strong enough to 
 found our School of Architecture to carry out 
 the high purposes he had aroused in them. 
 
 As MaSter in Residence at “Merwick” and 
 then in the Graduate College he gave the laSt 
 seventeen years of his life to moulding inti- 
 
 [ 56 3 
 
mately the minds and hearts of those who 
 dwelt with him there. His scholarly tone, his 
 poise of character, his spirituality, and his 
 personal grace exerted a pure and deep in¬ 
 fluence on succeeding generations of students. 
 Those who were privileged to live in close 
 daily comradeship with him in the Graduate 
 College beSt know how ready and sympa¬ 
 thetic was his interest, how penetrating and 
 stimulating his advice in all the problems 
 wherein men sought his guidance. He had 
 a genius for friendship, irresistibly drawing 
 young men about him and touching all by the 
 love of beauty, devotion to things of the 
 mind, and scorn of the trivial and base, which 
 in him united to form a shining pattern of 
 true learning and gentle living. 
 
 [ 57 3 
 

 
 Sil i.. mi . m. . . ail 
 
Dr. Edward Robinson was the next speaker: 
 
 DR. ROBINSON 
 
 W HEN he was in his ninety-third year, 
 John Bigelow told me that,looking back 
 upon his long life, he could not recall a single 
 instance of a death in his circle of family and 
 friends in which he was not convinced that 
 the person, however young, had died at the 
 beSt time for his or her own welfare and happi¬ 
 ness, no matter how great the grief of those 
 that were left, or how cruel they may have 
 thought the blow. 
 
 This attitude betokens a perfection of faith 
 which is not always easy to attain, yet if 
 we look into our own experience we may be 
 astonished to find how often it is justified, 
 whether by knowledge had at the time or 
 gained afterwards. How is it with the friend 
 whom we are gathered here to commemorate 
 today? It is hard to believe now that we shall 
 have this consolation in his case, but may we 
 not hope that time will bring it? Are there not 
 already some indications which point that 
 way? 
 
 He was, to be sure, cut down in the flower 
 of his manhood, when we might have looked 
 forward to many years of useful and valuable 
 work to come, yet already he had accomplished 
 
 [ 59 3 
 
more than falls to the lot of many a man of 
 equal ambition in a much longer span of life. 
 In his chosen field of archaeological research 
 he had the privilege of knowing that he had 
 materially advanced the world’s knowledge. 
 His life was one of happy achievement. With a 
 baffling serenity he made his way through the 
 difficulties of enlisting support for his projects 
 as he did later through the unknown Syrian 
 desert and the mass of earth which buried 
 Sardis. Beneath that gentleness of voice and 
 manner which was so endearing yet so highly 
 deceptive to those who did not really know 
 him, were a will of £teel and an indomitable 
 disposition which made him oblivious of all 
 obstacles, however serious they appeared to 
 his advisers, and he vanquished them. 
 
 What would have been the effedl on such a 
 temperament if he could have known of the 
 disaster that was so soon to follow his la£t 
 visit to the scene of his highest hopes? 
 
 Fortunately for him and for us his work at 
 Sardis was neither lo£t nor waited. By a co¬ 
 incidence which seems like an a6t of Provi¬ 
 dence his book on the subje6t left the press 
 ju£t as his death was approaching; and in the 
 new wing of the Metropolitan Museum, now 
 about to be completed, it is our hope that 
 some of the treasures of art brought to light 
 through his excavations may be permanently 
 
 C 60 ] 
 
installed in a separate room, to be known as 
 the “Sardis Gallery.” Such a gallery mu£t in¬ 
 evitably become, as we intend that it shall, 
 an enduring monument to him. 
 
 C 61 ] 
 
— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
President Hibben then read this letter from Dr. 
 David G. Hogarth , Keeper of the Ashmolean 
 Museum , University of Oxford: 
 
 DR. HOGARTH 
 
 I SHOULD lay with equal pleasure and sor¬ 
 row such a wreath as I may on Butler’s 
 grave. He was one of the moCI single-minded, 
 thorough going and courageous explorers that 
 I have known. His suavity in modo hardly 
 prepared one for the very Clout heart that 
 was in him and for the self-discipline to which 
 he could subjedt himself. I remember the 
 shock of surprise with which I heard in Aleppo 
 in 1908 how, on one occasion when he found 
 his messengers nervous of riding up from the 
 country eaCt of Hamah to fetch the cash nec¬ 
 essary for his party, he excused them and 
 rode up himself with (I think) a single at¬ 
 tendant and returned through a disturbed 
 and brigand-infected district with more than 
 enough money on his person to have attracted 
 all the thieves of Syria. He never required 
 anyone to do what he would not do himself, 
 and spared himself less than others. 
 
 Both the work he organized and did in 
 Syria and the publication of it are wholly 
 creditable to him and to American scholar¬ 
 ship. He was thorough to the verge of meticu- 
 
 C 63 3 
 
lousness; his faults, if any, being ever on the 
 right side! For his initiation, organization, 
 and conduft of the Sardis excavation all the 
 learned world is in his debt. So far as it has 
 gone, it is a model excavation, and the be£t of 
 all memorials to him would be its continu¬ 
 ance and completion on the lines that he laid 
 down. But it will be difficult to find again in 
 one man his combination of determination, 
 diplomacy and driving power—and all three 
 will be tested to the full before so great a 
 work is carried through. That one should re¬ 
 quire so much from his successor is, perhaps, 
 the measure of the tribute due to Butler. 
 
 Of his friendship to myself and his sym¬ 
 pathy with us which he lo£t no time in de¬ 
 claring seven years ago, I need not speak. He 
 placed his intimate knowledge of remote 
 parts of Syria at our service, but we were long 
 in penetrating to the points he had reached 
 and mapped. Had he lived, public recognition 
 of his services to his generation and to science 
 would not have been long in forthcoming 
 from this side. As it is we can only think of 
 what might have been. 
 
 C 64 3 
 
Dr. Henry van Dyke , whose close friendship 
 Mr. Butler treasured , read these lines: 
 
 DR. VAN DYKE 
 
 HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER: EXPLORER AND TEACHER 
 Passed Onward, August 13, 1922 
 
 Who hath entered into the peace of wisdom; 
 
 And to whom hath the gladness of understanding 
 been revealed ? 
 
 A man whose eyes were cleared by love and 
 sorrow, 
 
 And whose feet forsook not the path of duty; 
 
 A man who travelled the world as one going a 
 journey, 
 
 Yet daily he found and shared good cheer by the 
 way. 
 
 To him it was given to serve both truth and 
 beauty, 
 
 And in his flesh he was obedient to the Spirit: 
 
 Therefore the passing forms of time did not 
 deceive him, 
 
 For his heart was fixed, trusting in the Eternal. 
 
 To him the ages paSt were a book of wondrous 
 knowledge, 
 
 And he applied himself diligently to learn their 
 secrets: 
 
 In the duSl of buried cities he discovered treasure, 
 
 And from graven atones, long forgotten, he read 
 the ^tory of man. 
 
 [ ] 
 
The desert and the solitary place had no terror 
 for him, 
 
 Among the children of wild tribes he was welcome 
 and beloved; 
 
 For he was a good captain, following his Master, 
 
 And the greatness of his learning made him kind 
 to men. 
 
 Gentle was his speech, yet clear as crystal; 
 
 The lightness of his touch was a sign of strength. 
 
 In the companies of the young he was a wise and 
 pleasant comrade, 
 
 And to the councils of the elders he brought a 
 friendly joy; 
 
 For his way was not after the manners of the 
 heathen, 
 
 But his presence spoke of honor and good will. 
 
 In a far city he came to the end of his journey, 
 
 Alone but not afraid, for his Dearest Friend was 
 near. 
 
 So he entered the valley of the shadow without 
 trembling, 
 
 And when the dark gate opened it was a door of 
 gold. 
 
 Verily the work of his hands is established, 
 
 And the beauty of the Lord is upon it. 
 
 By the towers of Princeton we shall see him no 
 more, 
 
 But in a city that hath foundations 
 
 Whose builder and maker is God. 
 
 C 66 3 
 
The next speaker was Captain Robert O’Connor, 
 who delivered a memorial on behalj of present 
 and former Undents of the Graduate College: 
 
 CAPTAIN O’CONNOR 
 
 I N the death of Howard Crosby Butler the 
 students in the Graduate College have suf¬ 
 fered a loss which we have come to feel with 
 increasing poignancy as time passes. An in¬ 
 spiring scholar, who made us realize the 
 beauty andjoy of learning, as well as its value, 
 who never ceased to hold up before us all by 
 his own example and friendly counsel the 
 standard of absolute intellectual integrity; a 
 sure and forceful director, who showed us 
 that confident repose and suavity of manner 
 are true signs of certainty of purpose, he 
 Stood among us an example of learning, pro¬ 
 found yet not narrow, a world authority in 
 his own field, with interest in all. Yet it was 
 to our friend that in our mot anxious mo¬ 
 ments we carried our troubles, scholastic, so¬ 
 cial or personal, sure of his unerring under¬ 
 standing of his human nature, of his ready 
 sympathy, of advice judicious, unselfish, and 
 complete. Possessed of a fund of humour, he 
 was always ready to add to its Store and his 
 hearers were richer from his experience. To 
 share his friendship was a privilege we all cov- 
 
 [ 67 3 
 
eted and prized. His death has robbed us of 
 our priceless possession. No longer do we climb 
 the Staircase to the Master’s rooms. The friend¬ 
 ly light in the tower which seemed to burn for 
 us, is gone out. 
 
 The Memorial was signed by a Representative 
 Committee consisting of: 
 
 A. M. FRIEND, HARALD INGHOLT, CHARLES P. 
 JOHNSON, S. LAWRENCE LEVENGOOD, ROBERT B. 
 O CONNOR, W. FREDERICK STOHLMAN, LOUIS A. 
 TURNER, S.L. WRIGHT, JR., AND JOHN A. WYETH. 
 
 [ 68 ] 
 
Presenting the lad speaker President Hibben 
 said: 
 
 “In our family group in Princeton the one 
 who £tood nearest to Howard Butler, who en¬ 
 joyed the mo£t intimate relations with him 
 not only here in the Graduate College but in 
 the days of the beginnings of this great enter¬ 
 prise and merit, is Dean We£t, and our service 
 this afternoon will be concluded by him.” 
 
 DEAN WEST 
 
 I T is nine years within one day since this 
 household of knowledge was dedicated 
 publicly, with ceremonies of dignity and 
 beauty, to the glory of God and the advance¬ 
 ment of knowledge. Autumn feelings in any 
 year after a golden Summer are apt to be 
 tinged with some hues of sadness, and even 
 more is this the case today when we think of 
 the high spirit and purpose with which Pro¬ 
 fessor Butler nine years ago entered upon the 
 life of this Graduate College. His presence, 
 his memory, his spirit pervade it, and I tru^l 
 will pervade it forever; for to him in large 
 part is due the controlling impulse which 
 guides its life. 
 
 The theory that the workman is greater 
 than his work, that it is a greater thing to be 
 
 [ 69 3 
 
a man than it is to be a scholar and greater 
 than all to be both a man and a scholar;— 
 that was his high thought, the great example 
 of his life and of all that he was and did. 
 
 I cannot truSt myself to speak intimately 
 of all his associations with the Graduate Col¬ 
 lege; for never have I known such unaffected 
 grief of the deepest sort on the part of students 
 for any teacher; and this is the tribute of trib¬ 
 utes. His collected works are not only his pub¬ 
 lications on the Syrian Desert and the an¬ 
 cient royal city of Sardis, but this group of 
 devoted students who cherish and enshrine 
 his memory. He was a wonderful man in many 
 ways. As a teacher he had a sort of divination 
 which enabled him to perceive almost in an 
 inCtant the beCt in any man’s mind and to 
 quicken it to a degree the student himself had 
 believed almost impossible. He raised the ef¬ 
 forts of many from the mediocre and com¬ 
 monplace levels to the highest peak of achieve¬ 
 ment. He literally saved men. I do not know 
 how he did it, but it was the art of divination, 
 the art of the miner who deteCls gold, the art 
 of the lover which intuitively finds the objeCt 
 of affeCtion. 
 
 As a professor of architecture he was a mas¬ 
 ter in architecture. Other men have been mas¬ 
 ters in architecture, great masters in that 
 Study,-—but he was more. He transcended 
 
 C 70 ] 
 
his subject. He was much larger than his sub- 
 je6t. He saw it emerge from the vaSt histori¬ 
 cal background as a part of human knowl¬ 
 edge and Stand clearly in its place in the 
 panorama of civilized achievement. 
 
 As an explorer he had an inborn ability to 
 read the Oriental mind. He had candor com¬ 
 bined with subtle skill, and though sensitive, 
 he was always calm. He did not know what 
 fear was. It was not mere confidence with him. 
 It was unconsciousness of fear. Difficulties 
 never discouraged him. There was a fine, Steel¬ 
 like endurance beneath that gentle, friendly 
 exterior which deceived many persons at fir£t 
 sight and which enabled him to deal with sure 
 skill with the desert tribes, which took him to 
 cure the wounded chieftain, which ventured 
 safely on daring excursions, which took him 
 without weapons to quell disturbances among 
 Turks, Armenians, and Greeks. It was a won¬ 
 derful power. He knew the Eastern mind, and 
 how he knew it is beyond me to say. It was a 
 gift of genius. If we were to ask for a motto 
 for his life, I think the saying of an old Italian 
 scholar would be moSt fitting. It was: “I go to 
 wake the dead.” Professor Butler did wake the 
 dead,—dead impulses in Students to newness 
 of life, dead cities of the Orient rising again 
 under his magical touch. It was the life in¬ 
 spiring, the life arousing, the life elevating. It 
 
 [ 7i ] 
 
was more; it was a gentle self-effacing influence. 
 And with it all no thought of reference to him¬ 
 self; never a word of praise for himself, always 
 praising others. He was one of those men, per¬ 
 haps too rare, who are ever Strict with them¬ 
 selves and ever charitable toward others. It 
 was the secret of his life. He was thoughtful 
 and practical, resolute and taCtful, delicate 
 and Strong, a marvelous combination of seem¬ 
 ingly contradictory things. And above all, he 
 “wore the white flower of a blameless life.” 
 
 Of his life here at Princeton I cannot say 
 much now except to recall the winter eve¬ 
 nings when he would steal over from the tower 
 to the house nearby and we would sit by the 
 bright fire and talk over the events of the 
 day here or of his days in Sardis, or in the 
 rocky Syrian Desert, or in the borders of 
 Arabia. Story after Story he painted, roman¬ 
 tic, pictorial, alluring,—so that you wanted to 
 leave everything else and follow him to the 
 end of the world and waken the dead civili¬ 
 zations to a new life. 
 
 And although he has gone, instead of a note 
 of sadness there is a note of comfort. He lived 
 a life of faith. He was a Christian man. And as 
 I muse on his life, ended here, I can think of 
 nothing in all classical literature which so close¬ 
 ly approaches the Christian spirit and so truly 
 images our pureSt hopes about him as the 
 
 C 72 3 
 
lovely line of Theocritus about the child asleep 
 in the cradle: “Ble£t be your slumber; more 
 ble& your waking in the morning.” 
 
 C 73 3 
 
'These versesfrom the Hymn “For all the Saints,” 
 were sung: 
 
 For all the saints who from their labors re£t, 
 
 Who Thee by faith before the world confessed, 
 Thy name, O Jesus, be forever ble^t. Alleluia! 
 
 Thou wa^fc their rock, their fortress, and their 
 might; 
 
 Thou, Lord, their Captain, in the well-fought 
 fight; 
 
 Thou, in the darkness drear, their one true Light. 
 
 Alleluia! 
 
 O may Thy soldiers, faithful, true and bold, 
 
 Fight as the saints who nobly fought of old, 
 
 And win with them the vigor’s crown of gold. 
 
 Alleluia! 
 
 The golden evening brightens in the we£t; 
 
 Soon, soon to faithful warriors cometh re^t; 
 
 Sweet is the calm of Paradise the ble£t. Alleluia! 
 
 But lo, there breaks a yet more glorious day; 
 
 The saints triumphant rise in bright array; 
 
 The King of Glory passes on his way. Alleluia! 
 
 From earth’s wide bounds, from ocean’s farthest 
 coa£t, 
 
 Through gates of pearl streams in the countless 
 ho£t, 
 
 Singing to Father, Son, and Holy Gho£L Alleluia! 
 
 Amen. 
 
 [ 74 3 
 
The Scriptural Benediction from the third chap¬ 
 ter of the EpiCtle to the Ephesians was pro¬ 
 nounced by Bishop Matthews: 
 
 BISHOP MATTHEWS 
 
 A LMIGHTY GOD, the Father ofourLord 
 Jesus Christ, of whom the whole family in 
 heaven and earth is named, grant you, accord¬ 
 ing to the riches of His glory, to be strengthen¬ 
 ed with might by His Spirit in the inner man; 
 that Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith; 
 that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, 
 may be able to comprehend with all saints 
 what is the breadth, and length, and depth, and 
 height; and to know the love of Christ, which 
 passeth knowledge, that ye may be filled with 
 all the fullness of God. Now unto Him that is 
 able to do exceeding abundantly above all that 
 we ask or think, according to the power that 
 worketh in us,untoHimbegloryin the church 
 by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world 
 without end. Amen. 
 
 [ 75 3 
 
T HE Organ PoStlude,Bach’s“Blessed Sav¬ 
 ior, We Attend,” which with the Prelude 
 was especially loved by Mr. Butler, was played 
 by Dr. Russell, the audience remaining stand¬ 
 ing. The Academic Procession then filed out. 
 
 The ushers at the Service were resident mem¬ 
 bers of the Graduate College who had been 
 particularly intimate with Professor Butler: 
 Messrs. Paul M. Cuncannon, Bateman Ed¬ 
 wards, Thomas H. English, Albert M. Friend, 
 Howard S. Leach, S. Lawrence Levengood, 
 E. Ritzema Perry, Richard Stillwell, W. Fred¬ 
 erick Stohlman, Louis A. Turner, and John A. 
 Wyeth. 
 
 C 76 3 
 
IN PROCTER HALL 
 
 AFTER THE SERVICE IN MEMORY OF HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER 
 SYDNEY L. WRIGHT JR. 
 
 Honor the dead! Can any word of ours 
 Add honor to his life ? The organ sang, 
 
 The bow passed gently over thrilling chords, 
 
 And scholars robed in honors earned, arose 
 To speak from hearts whose wisdom taught the 
 depth of loss. 
 
 Calmness and Strength! Learning and 
 Gentleness! 
 
 The life he led, Another taught before, 
 
 Who greets him now; while we, who mourn his 
 loss, 
 
 Have joy that we have felt the calm repose 
 That speaks a steadfast purpose and well ordered 
 mind. 
 
 Catching a gleam of beauty from the sun, 
 
 The pictured panes, resplendent, showed the 
 Christ 
 
 Amidst disciple lights, the Arts and Sciences, 
 Whose glowing figures seemed a solemn pledge: 
 “We, whom he truly served will, keep his 
 memory bright.” 
 
 And growing brilliance clothed the Hall with 
 gentle light. 
 
 [ 77 ] 
 
MINUTE OF THE ORIENTAL CLUB 
 OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Adopted November 9, 1922 
 
 Just three months ago Howard Crosby But¬ 
 ler, member of this club, arrived in Paris on his 
 way home from Sardis, alone, and weak with 
 malarial fever. Two days later he was removed 
 from his hotel to the American hospital at Neuil- 
 ly, where he died of heart disease on the 13th of 
 August. By his death, at fifty, in the prime of his 
 career, this Club has loSt a valued member, 
 Princeton University a remarkably able teacher, 
 lecturer, and scholar, and American architecture 
 and American archaeology one of their mod con¬ 
 structive contributors. 
 
 The record of Mr. Butler’s life is a record of 
 consistent, and often brilliant, achievement. He 
 was born at Croton Falls, WeStcheSfer County, 
 New York, on the 7th of March, 1872. After 
 preparation at Lyon’s Collegiate Institute and 
 the Berkeley School in the city of New York, he 
 entered the sophomore class at Princeton, where 
 he graduated in 1892 with the degree of A.B. 
 His graduate Study included work at Princeton 
 University, where he received his A.M. degree 
 and was university fellow in archaeology; at the 
 School of Architecture in Columbia University, 
 where he was greatly influenced by Professor 
 Ware; at the American School of Classical Studies 
 
 [ 78 3 
 
in Rome, where he held a fellowship; and at the 
 American School of Classical Studies in Athens. 
 
 Upon his return from Greece Mr. Butler was 
 appointed lecturer on architecture in Princeton 
 University; in 1905 he became professor of art 
 and archaeology; in 1919 his title was changed to 
 that of professor of the history of architecture; in 
 1920 he was made director of the School of Archi¬ 
 tecture, for the organization of which he was 
 largely responsible. He was a member of the 
 Archaeological Institute of America, American 
 Institute of Architects, Architectural Ueague, 
 American Oriental Society, Society for the Pro¬ 
 motion of Hellenic Studies, Society for the Pro¬ 
 motion of Roman Studies, American Geograph¬ 
 ical Society, American Academy of Arts and 
 Sciences, and the Oriental Club of Philadelphia. 
 He was particularly aCtive in the Archaeological 
 Institute, which he has served as president of the 
 New Jersey Society, as a member of the Council, 
 and on various committees. In 1921 he was 
 chosen as chairman of the Research Commission 
 to coordinate the activities of the Institute in the 
 work of exploration and excavation for many 
 years to come. In 1910 he was awarded the Drexel 
 Gold Medal for his archaeological achievements. 
 
 But Mr. Butler’s career was not spent entirely 
 within academic walls. His life was rich and full, 
 and included travel, exploration, and even ad¬ 
 venture. His interest in Syrian archaeology had 
 early been aroused by the writings of his friend, 
 Comte Melchior de Vogue, and in 1899-1900 Mr. 
 Butler organized the American Archaeological 
 
 n 79 ] 
 
Expedition to Syria, which added extensively to 
 the material gathered by the earlier explorer. In 
 1904-1905 and 1909 he returned to Syria as 
 director of the Princeton Expeditions. The re¬ 
 sults of all these expeditions are contained, for 
 the modi part, in the Publications of the Ameri¬ 
 can Archaeological Expedition to Syria, to which 
 Mr. Butler contributed part ii, ‘Architecture and 
 Other Arts,’ in the Publications of the Princeton 
 Expeditions to Syria, to which he contributed 
 division ii, ‘Architecture;’ and in numerous re¬ 
 ports read before the Archaeological Institute 
 and published in the American Journal of Arch¬ 
 aeology. 
 
 The successful organization and direction of 
 these expeditions required many and various 
 qualities. Mr. Butler raised the funds, selected his 
 associates, led them in person, and made his own 
 photographs, drawings and cadis. Those who 
 have accompanied him to the Eadl have been 
 much impressed by his skill in handling men and 
 by his personal courage. Professor Allan Mar- 
 quand tells of his braving the Bedouins of the 
 Syrian desert unsupported by the guards that 
 are usually considered necessary, and of an up¬ 
 rising among the natives at Sardis, when all the 
 others ran to their quarters for guns or pidlols 
 and Mr. Butler, unassidled and armed only with 
 a bamboo cane, quelled the insurrection. 
 
 In 1910 Mr. Butler organized the American 
 Society for the Excavation of Sardis, and he has 
 directed the excavations that have so far been 
 made. The war put a dlop to the work between 
 
 [ 80 ] 
 
1914 an d 1922, but it was renewed laSt spring. 
 The publication of the results of these excava¬ 
 tions will fill seventeen volumes and cover archi¬ 
 tecture, sculpture, inscriptions, pottery, coins, 
 jewelry, etc. Mr. Butler’s firSt volume, giving an 
 account, under the title ‘Sardis,’ of the excava¬ 
 tions between 1910 and 1914, has recently ap¬ 
 peared, being vol. i, part i (1922) of the Publica¬ 
 tions of the American Society for the Excavation 
 of Sardis. And the second volume, on the Temple 
 of Artemis, is, fortunately, in the stage of paged 
 
 In addition to those mentioned, the publica¬ 
 tions of Mr. Butler include two semi-popular 
 works, ‘Scotland’s Ruined Abbeys’ (1900) and 
 the ‘Story of Athens’ (1902), both illustrated 
 with his own sketches. He has contributed fre¬ 
 quent articles and reports to the American Jour¬ 
 nal of Archaeology, Revue Archeologique, Amer¬ 
 ican Architect, Architecture and Building, and 
 many other j ournals. 
 
 Mr. Butler was a man of inherited refinement 
 and of profoundly wide culture, well poised and 
 reserved, but always courteous, amiable, and 
 sympathetic. He will be mot missed at Prince¬ 
 ton, where his personality was beSt known. He 
 touched so many phases of university life. As 
 Master in Residence at the Graduate College he 
 was the guide and inspiration of advanced stu¬ 
 dents in all branches of humanistic study. As a 
 faculty adviser he was the helpful friend of many 
 undergraduates. He organized almoSt single- 
 handed the new School of Architecture, and se- 
 
 [ 81 ] 
 
cured the funds for the fine building that is to 
 house it. He taught with brilliant success large 
 classes of students. His papers and addresses 
 were a constant stimulus to the intellectual life 
 of the institution. 
 
 On the 2iSt of October a service in memory of 
 Mr. Butler was held in Procter Hall of the Prince¬ 
 ton Graduate College. Tributes were read by 
 President John Grier Hibben, Professor Henry 
 Fairfield Osborn, Dr. Edward Robinson, Profes¬ 
 sor Allan Marquand, Dr. David G. Hogarth, 
 Professor Henry van Dyke, and Dean Andrew F. 
 VYeSt. These tributes will shortly be published in 
 book form, together with a memoir and a com¬ 
 plete bibliography of Mr. Butler’s writings. Dr. 
 Robinson has announced that a room in the Met¬ 
 ropolitan Museum will be set aside, to be known 
 as the Sardis room, in which some of Mr. Butler’s 
 discoveries will be placed, thus establishing a per¬ 
 petual monument to his memory. 
 
 C 82 ] 
 
MESSAGE OF HALIL EDHEM BEY 
 
 DIRECTOR OF THE IMPERIAL OTTOMAN 
 
 MUSEUM 
 
 UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSION 
 American Embassy Constantinople 
 
 November io, 1922. 
 
 President John Grier Hibben, 
 
 Princeton University, 
 
 Princeton, New Jersey. 
 
 Sir: 
 
 The Director of the Imperial Museum at Con¬ 
 stantinople, Halil Edhem Bey, has asked me to 
 convey to you, and through you to Princeton 
 University, his very deep sympathy at the loss 
 which has been sustained in the death of Profes¬ 
 sor H. C. Butler. Halil Bey adds that not only is 
 this an irreparable loss from the point of view of 
 the science to which Professor Butler made so 
 many and such important contributions, but for 
 those who knew him and were associated with 
 him there is also a profound sense of personal 
 sorrow. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 Mark L. Bristol 
 
 UNITED STATES HIGH COMMISSIONER 
 REAR-ADMIRAL UNITED STATES NAVY 
 
 C 83 3 
 
 1 
 
LINES IN MEMORY OF 
 HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER 
 
 EDWARD STEESE 
 
 We shall not hear his voice, nor touch his hand, 
 See wisdom face to face, nor quiet mirth 
 Shall share with him, nor music, nor things 
 planned 
 
 Enjoy as if fulfilled. There is a dearth 
 Come to our lives, who knew him. He is dead. 
 We cannot tell of him as should be told, 
 
 Nor reproduce his spirit. He is dead. 
 
 Sorrow our hearts doth hold. 
 
 Friends . . . those who knew him, all, 
 
 Lower the simple pall, 
 
 And bow the head. 
 
 He would not have us mourn, but gently miss 
 His kindliness, and if his soul has shone 
 To light our hearts with courage of the dawn, 
 He would have gladly smiled. But now that too 
 has gone. 
 
 One hope of understanding, less; 
 
 One ray of simple gentleness; 
 
 One guiding hand with genius in its touch 
 Has passed. 
 
 [ 84 3 
 
This man was such 
 In spirit that he gave, 
 
 Nor would he bend to save 
 Himself for others. 
 
 Modest his name, but great 
 The love we bore him. Rather would he be known 
 As friend than as the master. 
 
 Now abate 
 
 Your grief awhile, for this sweet life has sown 
 In our remembering hearts a constancy 
 Of hope and wisdom, and an eager breath 
 That shall not fail. Pay the earth’s obsequies. 
 
 His soul borne in our hearts shall not know death. 
 
 [ 85 ] 
 
RESOLUTION OF THE 
 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE 
 OF AMERICA 
 
 Adopted December 27, 1922 
 
 RESOLVED: that the Archaeological Institute 
 of America hereby records its profound sorrow at 
 the untimely death of Professor Howard Crosby 
 Butler of Princeton University, Chairman of the 
 recently created Research Commission of the In¬ 
 stitute. 
 
 His organizing power, continuous energy, in¬ 
 trepid courage and quick insight were combined 
 with a rare personal attractiveness and marked 
 him as a born leader. During the laSt twenty 
 years the successive expeditions planned and con¬ 
 ducted by him for exploration in the Syrian Des¬ 
 ert and for the excavation of Ancient Sardis have 
 greatly extended and enriched modern knowledge 
 of older civilizations in the Near EaSt, and with 
 his exceptional achievements as a Stimulating 
 teacher and authoritative writer give him a place 
 among the foremoSt archaeologies of our time. 
 
 [ 86 ] 
 
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 
 HOWARD CROSBY BUTLER 
 
 HOWARD SEAYOY LEACH 
 
 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS 
 
 Scotland’s ruined abbeys. New York, The Mac¬ 
 millan Company, 1899. xx, 287 p. 
 
 A Mosaic pavement and inscription from the 
 bath at Serdjilla (Central Syria). Paris, Le- 
 roux, 1901, 8 p. (reprinted from Revue Arche - 
 ologique , Series 3, v. 39. p. 62-68). 
 
 The ^tory of Athens; a record of the life and art 
 of the city of the violet crown read in its ruins 
 and in the lives of great Athenians. New York, 
 The Century Co., 1902. ix, 532 p. 
 
 Architecture and other arts. (Publications of an 
 American Archaeological Expedition to Syria 
 in 1899-1900, Part 11.) New York, The Cen- 
 tury Co., T903. xxv, 433 p. 
 
 Catalogue of ca£ls made by the American Archae¬ 
 ological Expedition to Syria in 1899-1900.5p. 
 
 Catalogue of photographs taken by an American 
 Archaeological Expedition to Syria in 1899- 
 1900. 17 p. 
 
 Catalogue of photographs taken by the Prince¬ 
 ton Archaeological Expedition to Syria, n.d. 
 
 33 P- 
 
 C 87 ] 
 
Explorations at Si c (Princeton Expedition to 
 Syria) . . . with EnnoLittmann. Paris, Leroux, 
 1905. up. (reprinted from Revue Archeologi- 
 que , series 4, v. 5, 1905. p. 404-412.) 
 
 TheTychaionatls-Sanamen and the plan of early 
 churches in Syria. Paris, Leroux, 1906. up. 
 (reprinted from Revue Archeologique , series 4, 
 v. 8,1906. p.413-423.) 
 
 Ancient architecture in Syria. Leyden, E. J. 
 Brill, 1907. (Publications of the Princeton 
 University Archaeological Expedition to Syria 
 in 1904-1905 and 1909. Division 11.) 
 
 The Temple of Dushara, at Si c in the Hauran. 
 In Florilegium; ou Recueil de travaux d*erudi¬ 
 tion dedies a Monsieur le marquis Melchior de 
 Vogue a Foccasion du quatre-vingtieme anni- 
 versaire de sa naissance 18 Otdobre 1909. Paris. 
 Imprimerie Nationale. 1909. p. 79-91. 
 
 Statement of the requirements necessary to the 
 development of a School of Architecture in 
 Princeton University. October 2,1916. [Prince¬ 
 ton University Press, 1916], 13 p. Resume in 
 The Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 16, October 
 28, 1916. p. 1, 4. 
 
 Sardis: The excavations, 1910-1914 (Publications 
 of the American Society for the Excavation of 
 Sardis, v. 1, pt. 1), Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1922. 
 xi, 213 p. 
 
 Architecture, Part 1. The Temple of Artemis 
 (Publications of the American Society for the 
 Excavation of Sardis) v. 2, pt. 1. In press. 
 
 C 88 3 
 
Co-editor: Princeton University Bulletin, v. 14- 
 15, 1902-1904. 
 
 Editor: American Archaeological Expedition to 
 Syria in 1899-1900. Publications. New York, 
 The Century Co., 1903-1914, pts. 1-4, 6 (pt. 
 5 not published). 
 
 Editor: Princeton University Archaeological Ex¬ 
 pedition to Syria in 1904-5 and 1909. Publi¬ 
 cations. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1907-1922. 
 
 Division II. Architecture. 
 
 Section A. Southern Syria. 
 
 Pt. 1. Ammonitis. 
 
 2. Southern Hauran. 
 
 3. Umm idj-Djimal. 
 
 4. Bosra. 
 
 5. Djebel Hauran and Hauran Plain. 
 
 6. Si c . 
 
 7. Ledja. 
 
 Section B. Northern Syria. 
 
 Pt. 1. The c Ala and Kasr Ibn Wardan. 
 
 2. Anderin-Kerratin- Ma c rata. 
 
 3. Djebel Riha. 
 
 4. Djebel Barisha. 
 
 5. Djebel Halakah. 
 
 6. Djebel Sim c an. 
 
 Division III. Greek and Latin inscriptions. 
 Section A. Southern Syria. 
 
 Pts. 1-7 (with titles the same as 
 Division II). 
 
Northern Syria. 
 
 Pts. 1-6 (with titles the same as 
 Division II). 
 
 Division IV. Semitic Inscriptions. 
 
 Sebtion A. Nabataean inscriptions. 
 
 [Division I and other volumes in Division IV 
 not yet published.] 
 
 Editor: American Society for the Excavation of 
 Sardis. Publications. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 
 1916-1922. v. 1, pt. 1; v. 2, pt. 1; v. 6, pt. i; 
 v. 9, pt. 1. 
 
 Contributing Editor: Art and Archaeology , 1916- 
 1922. 
 
 L 9 ° ] 
 
ARTICLES 
 
 Some old newspaper clippings. The Nassau Liter¬ 
 ary Magazine , v. 46, 1891. p. 498-502. 
 
 Historic architecture in Normandie. Architecture 
 and Building , August 31, 1895. P* 99 _i O!; 
 September 7, 1895. P- III_II 5- 
 
 Some of Scotland’s ruined Abbeys. Architecture 
 and Building , October 5, 1895. P* 164—166; 
 October 19, 1895. P* 1 85—189; November 16, 
 1 895* P- 2 33 -2 35 j January 1, 1898. p. 3-6; 
 April 2, 1898. p. 115—117; April 16, 1898. p. 
 132-133; November 19, 1898. p. 163-16^. (To 
 be continued but none found). 
 
 “The series of college histories of art; ed. by J. C. 
 Van Dyke:” [review.] Princeton College Bul¬ 
 letin, , v. 8, 1896, p. 103-105. 
 
 Report of an American Archaeological Expedi¬ 
 tion in Syria 1899-1900. American Journal of 
 Archaeology , Second series , v. 4, 1900. p. 415- 
 440. 
 
 A mosaic pavement and inscription from the 
 bath at Serdjilla (Central Syria). Revue Arche- 
 ologique , Series 3, v. 39, 1901. p. 62-68. 
 Abstract in: American Journal of Archaeology , 
 Second series , v. 6,1902. p. 62. 
 
 The Roman aqueducts as monuments of archi¬ 
 tecture. American Journal of Archaeology. 
 Second series , v. 5, 1901. p. 175-199. 
 
 Sculpture in Northern Central Syria; a brief de¬ 
 scription of a number of monuments found by 
 the American Archaeological Expedition to 
 
 C 91 3 
 
Syria in 1899-1900. Princeton University Bul¬ 
 letin , v. 13, 1902. p. 33-40. 
 
 Also in: Scientific American Supplement , v. 
 54, 1902. p.22244-22246. 
 
 AbStrad in: American Journal of Archaeology , 
 Second series , v. 5, 1901. p. 5-6. 
 
 Five unpublished churches of the find quarter of 
 the fifth century in Northern Central Syria. 
 American Journal of Archaeology , Second se¬ 
 ries , v. 7, 1903. p. 98-99. [AbStrad.] 
 
 General meeting of the archaeologists in Prince¬ 
 ton. Princeton University Bulletin , v. 14, 1903. 
 P- 37 - 41 - 
 
 A land of deserted cities. Century Magazine , v. 66, 
 1903. p. 217-227. 
 
 Pen and ink drawing representing a part of a 
 wall of the ruined Abbey of Dundrinnon in 
 Scotland; illustration used in “The Proposed 
 Graduate College of Princeton University.” 
 Princeton, 1903. 
 
 Adventures and important discoveries of the 
 Princeton Expedition to Syria; [letters from 
 Mr. Butler]. Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 5? 
 
 I 9 ° 5 * P- 3 OI_ 3 ° 5 * 
 
 Preliminary report of the Princeton University 
 Expedition to Syria. American Journal of 
 Archaeology , Second series , v. 9, 1905. p. 389— 
 400. 
 
 Princeton: a typical American university town 
 and its beautiful architedure. Indoors and 
 
 C 92 3 
 
Out; a monthly magazine , v. I, 1905. p. 103- 
 120. 
 
 The Princeton Expedition to Syria; [interview.] 
 Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 6, 1905. p. 85- 
 87,107-109. 
 
 Explorations at Si c (Princeton Expedition to 
 Syria) . . . with Enno Littmann. Revue Ar- 
 cheologique , Series, 4, v. 5, 1905. P- 404-412. 
 Abstract in: American Journal of Archaeology , 
 Second series , v. 9,1905. p. 343. 
 
 The Tychaion at Is-Sanamen and the plan of 
 early Churches in Syria. Revue Archeologique , 
 Series 4, v. 8, 1906. p. 413-423. 
 
 Abstract in: American Journal of Archaeology , 
 Second series , v. 10, 1906. p. 80-81. 
 
 The Dome in the architecture of Syria; [abstract.] 
 American Journal of Archaeology , Second se¬ 
 ries , v. 11,1907^.58-59. 
 
 tion to Syria. American Philosophical Society. 
 Proceedings, v. 46, 1907. p. 182-186. Reprint¬ 
 ed, 1907. 
 
 Professor Butler returns. [Interview reporting 
 upon the 1909 Princeton Archaeological Ex¬ 
 pedition to Syria.] Phe P)aily Princetonian , v. 
 34, extra, June 12, 1909. p. 7. 
 
 The Roman fortresses in the provinces of Syria 
 and Arabia; [abstract.] American Journal of 
 Archaeology,Second Series 14,1910.p.75-76. 
 
 The excavation of Sardis; [letter.] Princeton 
 Alumni Weekly , v. 10,1910. p. 498. 
 
 C 93 3 
 
Letter describing work at Sardis, May 14, 1910. 
 The Daily Princetonian , v. 35, extra, June 14, 
 1910. p. 4. 
 
 American excavations at Sardis. American Jour¬ 
 nal of Archaeology , Second series , v. 14. p. 401- 
 
 13; v. J 5 > P- 445 - 5 8 ; v - l6 > P- 4 6 5 - 79 ; v - ! 7 > 
 
 p. 471-8; v. 18, p. 425-37. 1910-14. 
 
 Letter to Dr. C. W. Kennedy about Sardis. 
 Princetoyi Alumni Weekly , v. 11, 1911. p. 360- 
 
 3 61 - 
 
 Also in: Daily Princetonian , v. 36, no. 14, 
 
 March 14,1911. p. 1. 
 
 Lydian inscriptions from Sardis (with Albert 
 Thumb). American Journal of Archaeology , 
 Second series , v. 15, ipu.p. 149-160. 
 
 An archaeological discovery of firCt importance. 
 Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 13, 1912. p. 11- 
 
 T 5 - 
 
 (Reprinted from the York Evening Pott). 
 
 Important discovery; key to Lydian language 
 found; [interview.] The Daily Princetonian , 
 v. 37, no. 38, September 27,1912, p. 1. 
 
 Correction to A. J. A. xvi, 1912. p. 477. A?neri- 
 can Journal of Archaeology , Second series , v. 
 17,1913. p.266. 
 
 Sardis; [interview.] Daily Princetonian , v. 
 37, no. 91, October 10, 1914. p. 3. 
 
 Sardis and the American excavations. Scribner s 
 Magazine, v. 55, 1914. p. 343-357. 
 
 Bringing a dead city to life. The Youth’s Com¬ 
 panion, April 22,1915. 
 
 C 94 3 
 
Art makes the world a finer place to live in. The 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 50, December 
 9,1916. p. 1,3. 
 
 DiCtinCt ages mark Ctyle of Princeton architec¬ 
 ture; [interview.] The Daily Princetonian , v. 
 38, no. 349, January 20, 1916. p. 1,4. 
 
 University will have architectural school; [inter¬ 
 view.] The Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 66, 
 January 12, 1917. p. 1, 4. 
 
 Architectural school in Department of Art. The 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 39, no. 68, January 15, 
 1917. p. 1,4. 
 
 Among the Druses, “Cousins of the English,” on 
 the borders of old Arabia. Scribner s Maga¬ 
 zine ■, v. 63, 1918. p. 571-579- 
 
 Plea to save antiquities; a report of an address 
 before the Archaeological Institute. The New 
 York Sun y January 3, 1919. 
 
 War greatly increases architectural interest. The 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 40, no. 29. February 
 x 4 , I 9 J 9 - P- U 4 - 
 
 Plans for new Architectural School; [interview.] 
 The Daily Princetonian , v. 40, no. 88, May 6, 
 1919. p.1-2. 
 
 Architectural school opened; [interview.] The 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 40, no. 136, October 
 16, 1919. p. 1-2. 
 
 Foreword to “Princeton sketches by Maitland 
 Belknap and Edwin Avery Park.” [Privately 
 printed.] CI919. 2 p. 
 
 Editor: Art and Archaeology; an illustrated month- 
 
 [ 95 : 
 
ly magazine , v. 9, no. 4, April, 1920. [Special 
 number edited by H. C. B.] 
 
 Desert Syria, the land of a loSt civilization. The 
 Geographical Review , v. 9, 1920. p. 77-108. 
 
 Hellenistic cities of Asia Minor; an editorial pref¬ 
 ace. Art and Archaeology ,v-9,1920,p. 155-156. 
 
 Letter defending the Triangle Show of 1920. The 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 41, no. 149. December 
 17, 1920. p. 3-4. 
 
 Miletus, Priene and Sardis. Art and Archaeology , 
 v. 9,1920. p. 171-86. 
 
 The School of Architecture; [editorial.] The Daily 
 Princetonian , v. 41, no. 78, June 5, 1920. p. 2. 
 
 Good conditions in Smyrna; a letter, June 14, 
 1921. New York Times, June 19,11,2:6. 1921. 
 
 Investigations atAssos; conducted by the Archae¬ 
 ological Institute of America. Art and Archae- 
 ology^v. 12,1921. p. 17-26. 
 
 McCormick Hall and the School of Architecture. 
 Princeton Alumni JVeekly ,v.22,1921 .p.99-102. 
 
 In Memoriam: Walter LeSter Ward. Yearbook of 
 the Princeton Architectural Association , 1921. 
 p. 15-17. 
 
 Preface. Yearbook of the Princeton Architectural 
 Association , 1921. p. 1-2. 
 
 Report of the progress of the School of Archi¬ 
 tecture of Princeton University. Yearbook of 
 the Princeton Architectural Association , 1921. 
 p. 6-14. 
 
 Conditions controlling excavation work in Sardis 
 
 [ 96 3 
 
outlined. Yhe Daily Princetonian , v. 42, no. 
 165. January 16,1922. p. 3. 
 
 Our museums’ big chance; new opportunity for 
 leadership in excavations for classic art ob¬ 
 jects; [interview.] New York Yimes , February 
 26, vii, 14:1. 1922. 
 
 The resumption of excavations at Sardis. Prince¬ 
 ton Alumni Weekly , v. 22,1922. p. 632. 
 
 Maps made in Syria by Princeton men and used 
 in the British campaign against the Turks. 
 News-Letter of the Princeton Engineering Asso- 
 ciation , v. 2,1922. p. 106-108. 
 
 A journey in Ledja. National Geographic Maga¬ 
 zine (To appear). 
 
 Nabatean temple plans and the plan of Syrian 
 churches. Essays on Eastern art dedicated to 
 Josef Strzygowski hy his friends and pupils on 
 the occasion of his 60th birthday (To appear). 
 
 Elevated columns at Sardis and the sculptured 
 pedestals from Ephesus. Anatolian Studies pre¬ 
 sented to Sir William Ramsay. Manchester , 
 Manchester University Press. (To appear). 
 
 [ 97 ] 
 
PROFESSOR BUTLER AND HIS WORK 
 
 Mr. Butler and his archaeological work. Annual 
 report of the President of Princeton University 
 (Woodrow Wilson), 1905. p. 3. 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler; autobiographical sketch. 
 In “Princeton Class of Ninety-Two.” N. Y. 
 
 I 9 ° 7 * P- 53 - 57 - 
 
 Archaeological expedition. Phe Daily Princeton- 
 ian , v. 33, no. 170, February 15, 1909. p. 1. 
 
 Jalabert, L. Deux missions archeologiques ameri- 
 caines en Syrie. Melanges de lafaculte orientale 
 Beyrouth {Syrie) Tome 111, Fasc. 11. p. 713— 
 752. 1909. 
 
 Important discoveries in Sardis. Princeton Alum¬ 
 ni Weekly n. p.58-59. 1910. 
 
 Large excavations made by Princeton men. Phe 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 35, no. 79. September 
 26,1910. p. 1. 
 
 Excavations at Sardis. Phe Daily Princetonian , 
 v. 35, no. 141, December 13,1910. p. 1. 
 
 Archaeology [Mr. Butler and Sardis.] New Inter¬ 
 national Yearbook , 1910. p. 50; 1911, p. 64; 
 
 I9 1 2 5 p.44; i 9 i 3,p.5 i -52; 1 9 l 4,p. 4 8;i9i5,p.42. 
 
 Chase, George H., Archaeology in 1909. Phe Clas¬ 
 sical Journal , v. 6, p. 65. 1910-11; Archaeol¬ 
 ogy in 1910, ibid. v. 7, p. 62-64; Archaeology 
 in 1911, ibid. v. 8 , p.99-101,1912-13; Archae¬ 
 ology in 1912, ibid. v. 9, p. 54-55. 1913-14; 
 Archaeology in 1913, ibid. v. 10, p. 100-101. 
 
 I 9 I 4 “ I 5 - 
 
 n 98: 
 
Butler expedition will sail for Eadt Wednesday. 
 
 'Phe Daily Princetonian, v. 35, no. 150, Janu¬ 
 ary 9,1911. p. 1. 
 
 Lucy Wharton Drexel medal conferred. The Daily 
 Princetonian, v. 36, no. 1. February 27, 1911. 
 
 P-3- 
 
 Robinson, David M., Report of a ledture upon 
 archaeological work in Asia Minor. Phe Daily 
 Princetonian, v. 36, no. 60, May 12, 1911. p.i. 
 
 Tracy, C. C., Sardis uncovered. Missionary Her¬ 
 ald, v.107, p.361-362. 1911. 
 
 Sardis Excavations; [interview.] PheDaily Prince¬ 
 tonian, v. 36, no. 152. December 19, 1911. p. 
 1-2. 
 
 Excavations at Sardis. Phe Daily Princetonian, v. 
 36, no. 159, January 11,1912. p. 3. 
 
 Third season at Sardis; [editorial.] Princeton 
 Alumni Weekly, v. 12, 1912. p. 218. 
 
 The Sardis Expedition. Annual report of the Pres¬ 
 ident of Princeton University (John Grier Hib- 
 ben) 1912, p.37-38; 1913^.47-48. 
 
 Princeton man to Sardis. New York Pimes. Janu¬ 
 ary 19, v. 18:4, 1 9 I 3- 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler. Phe New International 
 Encyclopaedia, v. 4, 1914. p. 219. 
 
 The Sardis Expedition (from the President’s annu¬ 
 al report for 1913). Princeton AlumniWeekly, 
 v. 14, I 9 t 4 - P- 3 2 7 - 
 
 Sardis. International Standard Bible Encyclopae¬ 
 dia, v. 4, 1915. p.2692. 
 
 C 99 3 
 
 / 
 
The School of Architecture. Annual report of the 
 President of Princeton University (John Grier 
 Hibben) 1916, p. 8-10. 
 
 Denial from Professor Butler; Princeton archae¬ 
 ologist is not to search for wealth of Croe¬ 
 sus. New York Yimes, January 2, 6:8. 1917. 
 
 The American and Princeton Archaeological Ex¬ 
 peditions to Syria. In Camden M. Cobern, 
 “The New Archaeological Discoveries,” 3d 
 edition. New York (Funk & Wagnalls), 1918. 
 p. 442, etc. 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler, American Educator. Yhe 
 Encyclopedia Americana , v. 5, 1918. p. 79. 
 
 Excavations at Sardis, Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 nica (New Volumes), xxx, 1922. p. 182. 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler. Who's Who in America , 
 v. 12,1922-23. 
 
 Seeks to excavate old Lydian Capital. New York 
 Yimes , May 7,11,2:3. 1922. 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler. In “The Class of 1892 
 Princeton University After Thirty Years.” 
 Princeton, 1922. p. 34-37. 
 
 Gold coins minted by Croesus found in ruins of 
 Sardis; [interview with Dr. T. Leslie Shear.] 
 New York Yimes , June 14,1 :i. 1922. 
 
 Find oldest gold coins. Boflon Evening Yran- 
 script, June 15,1922. p. 12. 
 
 Johnston, Alva. The potted gold of Croesus. New 
 York Yimes , June 25,111, 17:1. 1922. 
 
 [ 100 3 
 
Marquand, Allan. Howard Crosby Butler. March 
 7, 1872—August 13,1922. Bulletin of the Arch¬ 
 aeological Institute of America, v. 13, p. 154- 
 156. 1922. 
 
 Notice of death of Professor Butler. New York 
 Herald (Paris edition), August 16, 1922. 
 
 Notice of death of Professor Butler, New York 
 Yimes, August 16, 1922. p. 9:3. 
 
 A tribute to Professor Butler. Yhe Yimes (Lon¬ 
 don), August 19,1922. p. 5. 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler. Princeton Packet , Au¬ 
 gust 19, 1922. 
 
 Short account of Burial. New York Yimes s Sep¬ 
 tember 7, 1922. p. 1715- 
 
 Death of Professor Butler. Yhe Daily Princeton- 
 ian , v. 43, no. 90, September 27, 1922. p. 1,7. 
 
 Professor Butler; [editorial.] Yhe Daily Prince- 
 tonian , v. 43, no. 90, September 27, 1922. p. 2. 
 
 We£t, Andrew Fleming. Tribute to Mr. Butler. 
 Yhe Daily Princetonian , v. 43, no. 90, Septem¬ 
 ber 27, 1922. p. 1,7. 
 
 Professor H. C. Butler, ’92, dies suddenly. News¬ 
 letter of the Princeton Engineering Association , 
 v. 3, no. 1, September, 1922. p. 14. 
 
 Services held to-day in memory of Butler. Yhe 
 Daily Princetonian , v. 43, no. 111, October 21, 
 1922. p. 1,4. 
 
 Butler’s life eulogized at memorial ceremonies. 
 Yhe Daily Princetonian , v. 43, no. 112, Octo¬ 
 ber 23,1922. p. 1, 6. 
 
 [ 101 ] 
 
[The memorial service; editorial]. Princeton Alum¬ 
 ni Weekly , v. 23, p. 78, October 25, 1922. 
 
 Kennedy, Charles W. To H. C. B. Princeton 
 Alumni Weekly , v. 23, p. 98,1922. 
 
 Wedt, Andrew Fleming. In Memoriam: Howard 
 Crosby Butler; Dean West’s tribute at the 
 memorial service in Prodter Hall. Princeton 
 Alumni Weekly , v. 23, p. 98,1922. 
 
 Steese, Edward. Lines in memory of Howard 
 Crosby Butler. Phe Nassau Literary Maga¬ 
 zine , v. 78, p. 74. 1922. 
 
 Excavations at Sardis. Phe Scientific American , 
 v. 128, p. 27. 1922. 
 
 Shear, Theodore Leslie. Sixth preliminary report 
 on the American Excavations at Sardis. Amer¬ 
 ican Journal of Archaeology , v. 26, p. 389— 
 409. 1922. 
 
 Necrology—Howard Crosby Butler. American 
 Journal of Archaeology, Second series , v. 26, p. 
 339-340. 19 22 - 
 
 Hibben, John Grier. Opening address, September 
 26, 1922. Princeton Alumni Weekly , v. 23, p. 
 8-9, Odlober 4,1922. 
 
 In Memoriam: Howard Crosby Butler. Bulletin 
 of the American Schools of Oriental Research , 
 no. 7, p. 4-5, Odlober, 1922. 
 
 The coins of Croesus; [editorial.] New York 
 Pimes , November 6, 1922. p. 14. 
 
 In Memoriam: Howard Crosby Butler. Art and 
 Archaeology , v. 15, p. 46. 1923. 
 
 n 102 1 
 
Resolution of the Faculty adopted October 16, 
 1922. Annual report of the President of Prince¬ 
 ton University (John Grier Hibben), Decem¬ 
 ber. 1922, p.18-19. 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler. Biographical notice pre¬ 
 fixed to his volume on the Temple of Artemis. 
 (Publications of the American Society for the 
 Excavation of Sardis, v. 2, pt. 1.) {In press.) 
 
 Howard Crosby Butler, 1872-1922. Princeton, 
 N. J. Princeton University Press , 1923. 93 p. 
 
 Rich Sardis relics at Metropolitan reveal Lydian 
 life. New York Times , March 2, 1923. p. 1,3. 
 
 Leach, Howard Seavoy. A selebl bibliography of 
 the published writings of Howard Crosby 
 Butler {American Journal of Archaeology ) 
 
 (To appear.) 
 
 c 103 ] 
 
SELECTED REVIEWS 
 
 Scotland's ruined Abbeys. N. Y. Macmillan, 1899. 
 'The Nation , v. 69, 1899. p. 434; The Athen¬ 
 aeum , v. 1, 1900. p. 214-215; The American 
 Historical Review (by A. D. F. Hamlin), v. 5, 
 1900. p. 610-611; The Bolton Herald , Novem¬ 
 ber 4, 1899; The New York Tribune , Decem¬ 
 ber 2, 1899; The Scotsman , December 7, 1899; 
 The Churchman , December 9, 1899; The New 
 York Evening Poll, December 12, 1899; ^he 
 Morning Poll (by J. G. M’Pherson) December 
 27, 1899; The Glasgow Herald , December 28, 
 1899; The Pall Mall Gazette ^ January 26,1900; 
 The Stirling Observer , February 7, 1900; The 
 Manchester Guardian , February 10, 1900; The 
 Guardian , February 28, 1900; The Saturday 
 Review , April 14, 1900. 
 
 American archaeological expedition to Syria in 
 1899-1900. Publications. (Architecture and 
 other arts); American Journal of Archaeology , 
 n. s. v. 8, 1904. p. 301; The Nation , v. 78, 1904 
 p. 396; Byzantiniscbe Zeitscbrift (by J. Strzy- 
 gowski), v. 14, 1905. p. 298-300; The Classi¬ 
 cal Review (by R. P. Spiers), v. 19, 1905. p. 
 85-87; Revue Biblique (by H. Vincent), n. s. 
 v. 2, 1905. p. 112-114; Berliner Pbilologiscbe 
 Wocbenscbrift (by A. Furtwangler), 1906. p. 
 692-693; Wocbenscbrift fur Klassiscbe Pbil- 
 ologie (by M. Sobernheim), Jahrg. 25, 1908. 
 p. 481-485; American Journal of Philology 
 (by D. M. Robinson), v. 30, 1909. p. 199-207. 
 
 Z 104 3 
 
The ^tory of Athens. N. Y. The Century Com¬ 
 pany, 1902; The Dial (by G. M. R. Twose), 
 v. 35, 1903. p. 91; The Nation , v. 76, 1903. p. 
 79; The Independent , v. 55, 1903. p. 795-796. 
 
 Princeton University Archaeological Expedition 
 to Syria in 1904-05 an d 1909. Publications. 
 Variously reviewed as parts appeared as fol¬ 
 lows: Byzantinische Zeitschrift (by J. S.), v. 18, 
 
 1909. p. 278-280; Revue Biblique (by Hughes 
 Vincent, O. P.), n. s. v. 5, p. 592-596; Revue 
 Biblique (by Hughes Vincent, O.P.), n. s. v. 7, 
 
 1910. p. 285-288; Revue Biblique (by Hughes 
 Vincent, O.P.), n. s. v. 9, 1912. p. 296-299; 
 Byzantinische Zeitschrift (by J. S.), v. 20, 
 
 1911. p. 597; Byzantinische Zeitschrift (by J. 
 S.) v. 21, 1912. p. 342-343; Wochenschriftfur 
 Klassische Philologie , Jahrg. 29, 1912. p. 112- 
 117; The Classical Review (by W. H. D. 
 Rouse), v. 26, 1912. p. 171-172; Revue Bib¬ 
 lique (by F. M. Abel), n. s. v. 11, 1914. p. 597 “ 
 600; The Classical Review (by W. H. D. 
 Rouse), v. 28, 1914. p. 165-166; Wochen¬ 
 schrift fur Klassische Bhilologie , Jahrg. 31, 
 
 1914. p. 673-676; Homiletic Review , v. 69, 
 
 1915. p. 343-344; Homiletic Review , v. 72, 
 
 1916. p. 54; Palestine Exploration Fund; 
 Quarterly Statement (by J. D. C.), January, 
 1916. p. 44-46; Homiletic Review (by G. W. 
 G.), v. 84,1922. p. 220-221. 
 
 C >°5 1 
 
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 Architectural studies in Sicily and Southern Italy. 
 Early Churches in Syria. 
 
 Land of a Lo£t Civilization. 
 
 Pa£t Accomplishments and Future Possibilities 
 of Archaeology in the Turkish Empire. 
 
 Plea for the Protection of American Educational 
 and Scientific Enterprises in the Ottoman 
 Empire. 
 
 Report on the Proposals for an Independent Arab 
 State or States. 
 
 The Internationalization of the Historic Monu¬ 
 ments of Nearer Asia. (Paper read at the 
 Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of 
 America, December, 1918.) 
 
 Two new Syrian Maps. 
 
 Windows and doorways. 
 
 C 106 ] 
 


 
 
 
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