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STUDIES 
 
 IN TH8 
 
 LIFE OF CHEIST. 
 
 A year's course of thirty-five lessons, provid- 
 ing A daily scheme for personal study. 
 
 ADAPTED ALSO TO CLASS-WORK. 
 
 THOMAS EDDY TAYLOR, 
 S. EARL TAYLOR, CHARLES HERBERT MORGAN. 
 
 CINCINNATI: JENNINGS & PYE. 
 NEW YORK: EATON & MAINS. 
 
COPYRIGHT 1901, 
 BY JENNINGS & PYE. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 T^HE authors desire to acknowledge their indebtedness 
 and to offer their thanks to all who have in any way 
 contributed to these Studies. We are under special obli- 
 gations for helpful criticisms and suggestions to Prof. 
 D. A. Hayes, of Garrett Biblical Institute; Prof. Chas. F. 
 Sitterly, of Drew Theological Seminary, and Prof. R. H. 
 Walker, of the Ohio Wesleyan University. We have, of 
 course, drawn on all available sources, and have been 
 especially helped by Stevens and Burton's "Harmony;" 
 "The Constructive Life of Christ, "by Burton and Mathews ; 
 " The Man Christ Jesus," by Robert E. Speer, and "Stud- 
 ies in the Life of Christ," by H. B. Sharman. 
 Chicago, September i, 1901. 
 
I 
 
INTRODUCTORY SUGGESTIONS. 
 
 TO BE BEAD CAREFULLY. 
 
 TN preparing these Studies an attempt has been made to ^j'^J^^^ 
 accomplish the following ends : studies. 
 
 To outline each period in the life of Christ so that one 
 may easily follow him from Nazareth to the Ascension. 
 
 To furnish a text-book which in itself covers in simple 
 narrative form the outline of the life of our Lord. 
 
 To make the Studies simple enough for those who are 
 not accustomed to studious methods, and at the same 
 time to furnish subjects for special investigation which 
 will provide a basis for more advanced Bible study. 
 
 To embody in the narrative portion extensive Scrip- 
 ture quotations, and after a general interest has been 
 awakened in the story, to send the reader to the Scriptures 
 themselves for verification through a constructive arrange- 
 ment of the Gospel material with suggestive directions for 
 daily reading. 
 
 To allow the student to prepare a Harmony (giving 
 full directions and references) so that he may see the 
 story develop in the four Gospels. 
 
 To provide a daily scheme for study, such as has made 
 the courses of the Student Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation a success from the beginning. 
 
 To insure accuracy by following the Scripture account 
 closely, and by consulting the best authorities. 
 
 To provide for the memorizing of portions of Scripture 
 and of the outline of the life of Christ. 
 
 To provide a text-book, the cost of which shall be 
 nominal. 
 
 The final aim is the mastery of the life of Christ and 
 of the contents of the four Gospels. Nothing in the 
 
 5 
 
Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Studies beyond the direct work with the Gospel material 
 is strictly required. All else is optional. 
 '"^"iNoT' ^ course of Bible study adapted to the needs of our 
 * great young people's organizations must necessarily be 
 very flexible in character. The young people's societies 
 are composed of young and old, of professional men and 
 women, of students, and of those who are just beginning 
 their intellectual preparation. All, however, are equally 
 concerned in the question of Bible study for personal, 
 spiritual growth. Realizing, then, that some will desire 
 to enter upon a more extensive study than others, con- 
 siderable work has been assigned which may, from its 
 very nature, be increased or diminished according to the 
 ability and desire of the student. The work of the fourth, 
 fifth, and sixth days can be extended almost indefinitely, 
 and yet the beginner will find many things of interest 
 which are well within his reach. The questions of the 
 fifth and sixth days will be especially helpful in class- 
 work, as the various members can bring in their in- 
 dependent findings and can verify in class the doubtful 
 questions. 
 
 But our most emphatic word, bearing in it the ac- 
 cordant verdict and uniform experience of all who are 
 making a vital study of the Scriptures, is that nothing 
 whatsoever should come between each student of the 
 course and the first reading and consideration of the 
 daily designated portion of the Bible text itself. This, 
 if we so far establish a standard, is our only requirement 
 of every one who takes this course of Studies. Always, 
 and first of all, read the assigned Gospel passage for the 
 day, and seek to get from it what God has therein for 
 your own heart and mind. Even in the few cases where 
 we assign a somewhat extended passage for continuous 
 reading, read at least some part of it as your first work 
 with the lesson for that day. The portion of the lesson 
 for the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth days' work, which 
 appears in smaller type, may be considered optional. 
 
Introductory Suggestions. 
 
 It is suggested that in personal study and in class- Map-drawing. 
 work home-made maps should be used. Let no one think 
 that this suggestion is for those only who are proficient 
 in map-drawing. It requires neither experience nor the 
 ability of an artist to draw good maps and charts. To 
 make the map-work most serviceable, a new one should 
 be drawn whenever it is suggested in the lessons. 
 
 First make an outline map similar to the one found '^**'' Personal 
 in the front of this book. This can easily and quickly 
 be done by drawing six squares east and west, and ten 
 squares north and south. Each side of these squares will 
 rej)resent about twenty miles. Now trace the outline 
 between the respective squares. 
 
 Next prepare half a dozen sheets of paper of the size 
 you desire the maps, which are to be inserted in the Har- 
 mony. These sheets should be on a scale of ten by six 
 inches. By dividing or multiplying these numbers one 
 may make the sheets of any desired size, but the relation 
 should be as six is to ten. 
 
 Draw the same number of lines in the same manner 
 on these pieces of paper, and draw the outline of Pales- 
 tine. Put in at first the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, 
 the Dead Sea, and Jerusalem. As occasion arises, draw 
 the boundaries, etc., tracing in red ink all journeys which 
 Jesus makes in the particular study. 
 
 Maps should be freely used in all class-work. These For Class 
 can be drawn on the blackboard; but since they will 
 be useful in review work, it is suggested that they be 
 drawn on large sheets of paper. Common printers' 
 paper is always available, and by the use of crayon, 
 which comes in assorted colors (black, red, and blue), 
 such maps can be easily provided. Five or ten sheets 
 of paper fastened together at the top by narrow strips 
 of wood will preserve all the maps for reference and 
 review work. Crayon can probably be procured of your 
 local bookseller or druggist. 
 
 study. 
 
8 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 *iviaking a This, when fairly tried, is one of the most interesting 
 the Gospels, features of the study of the life of Christ. First, secure 
 a notebook having good quality of paper, and bound as 
 well as you can afford. A ten-cent book will do, but 
 since you will value it highly when your work is finished, 
 procure a substantial book if possible. Second, purchase 
 two inexpensive copies of the Eevised Version of the New 
 Testament. The nonpareil 32mo No. Oil, from the Oxford 
 press, at ten cents, is the one recommended, as the col- 
 umn of print with the marginal numbers for the verses 
 is less than an inch and a half in width, so that four col- 
 umns will easily go on the page of an ordinary school 
 notebook. 
 
 The page of the blank book will need to be wide 
 enough to admit, side by side, four columns of the print 
 of the Testaments you use, or if this seems too wide a 
 page to be desirable, use a blank book of the right size 
 to put two columns of the Testament print on each of 
 the two opposite pages, and treat these as one page by 
 writing the titles of parts and studies across both pages. 
 In this case the left-hand page will hold the columns 
 giving the Gospel material from Matthew and Mark, and 
 the right-hand page those giving Luke and John. In 
 entering many of the discourses, and even other portions 
 which appear in only one Gospel, that particular section 
 can be arranged across the whole page with proper head- 
 ing, or marking, to show to which Gospel it belongs. 
 
 The Outline on pages 15 and 20 will give the frame- 
 work of the Harmony; and as you proceed through the 
 Studies each section of the Outline is to be transcribed 
 into the blank book containing your Harmony. Each 
 part and study, both properly numbered, and the Gospel 
 
 * By the term " a Harmony of the Gospels," we do not mean that 
 the Bible student is to attempt to harmonize or to bring into agreement 
 the Four Gospels. " It is simply an arrangement by which the corre- 
 sponding parts of different documents may be brought together before 
 the eye and compared." In other words, placing the similar portions 
 of the Gospels in parallel columns. 
 
 y^^ 
 
Introductory Suggestions. 
 
 references just as they stand in the Outline, should first 
 be put on the page, forming the headings for the main 
 divisions of your Harmony and Life of Christ. Then cut 
 out from the Testaments and place next to the above 
 headings the exact sections of the Gospels covered by the 
 references, each in its proper column. When there is 
 more than one section from the same Gospel under one 
 Study, paste the several sections in your Harmony in 
 their proper order, one below another; and never fail to 
 write above every section you paste into the Harmony the 
 designation of the Gospel, chapter or chapters, and verses 
 which follow. Do not get the impression, because of these 
 careful directions, that this work will prove difficult. It 
 only requires 124 separate sections to be cut from the 
 Testaments and pasted in the blank books to make the 
 complete Harmony, which will then include every verse 
 in the Four Gospels, with no verso repeated. 
 
 After each section of the Harmony proper is made, 
 leave ample space for notes, answers to questions, etc., be- 
 fore entering the number and title of the next Part or Study. 
 The Bible Study Department will send, prepaid, the Ee- 
 vised New Testament Xo. 0200 for study for 25 cents, the 
 nonpareil 32mo No. Oil for 10 cents, or two copies of No. 
 Oil (for the Harmony) with one copy of the No. 0200 for 
 40 cents, or two copies No. Oil with one copy of the Re- 
 vised Bible No. 0750, burgeois 8vo, for $1.25 post-paid. 
 
 For many years the students of the colleges in all The Time for 
 
 , , ,n n 1 • £ ^y•■u^ Bible Study. 
 
 parts of the world have been pursuing courses oi Bible 
 study. They have tried all hours in the day, but it is 
 the concensus of opinion that the best hour in the day is 
 the morning hour, before breakfast, when the soul can 
 spend the first half hour of the day alone with God in 
 personal, devotional Bible study and prayer. 
 
 Mr. John R. Mott, after eleven years of experience what are the 
 with students in all parts of the world, wrote the follow- ^f Morning 
 ing: "Without dwelling at all upon the general helpful Bible study. 
 results which come from the devotional study of the Bible 
 
lo Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 and from communion with God, it should be emphasized 
 that at the very beginning of the day the soul is in its 
 most receptive state. The mind has been refreshed by 
 the rest of the night. It is also much less occupied than 
 it will be at any subsequent hour of the day. Moreover, 
 the outer conditions in the early morning are most favor- 
 able. The first hour is pre-eminently the still hour. 
 The noises of yesterday have receded, and the din of 
 the world of to-day has not yet broken in upon us. It is 
 easier to say, 'My soul, be thou silent unto God.' It is 
 easier to heed the command, ' Be still, and know that I 
 am God.' Furthermore, by having secret prayer and 
 Bible study for spiritual growth the very first thing, we 
 may make certain of them. By assigning these impor- 
 tant exercises to a later hour in the day we multiply the 
 chances of their being abridged, interrupted, or crowded 
 out entirely. In this connection we should heed the 
 words of McCheyne: 'I ought to spend the best hours 
 of every day in communion with God. It is my noblest 
 and most fruitful employment, and is not, therefore, to 
 be thrust into any corner.' The morning watch prepares 
 us for the day's conflict with the forces of evil within us 
 and around us. We do not wait until the enemy is upon 
 us before we gird on the armor and grasp the sword. We 
 fortify ourselves before any avenue is opened through 
 which Satan might assail us ; for example, before reading 
 the morning paper, before entering into conversation 
 with others, before turning our own thought-currents 
 upon the plans and work of the day. It is always wise 
 to gain a march upon the enemy. The keeping of the 
 morning watch is the secret of largest and most enduring 
 achievement in life and in service. Without doubt our 
 failure to prevail with man, and against evil in the world 
 during the day, is too often due to our more fundamental 
 failure to jDrevail witli God at the beginning of the day. 
 When Miss Havergal was asked to explain why the Church 
 does not accomplish more, she attributed it to the fact 
 
Introductory Suggestions. 1 1 
 
 that Christians are not spending the first hour of the day 
 alone with God. Let us never forget the vital truth ex- 
 pressed by Faber that 'the supernatural value of our 
 actions depends upon the degree of our union with God 
 at the time we do them.' Therefore, if our lives and 
 words and acts throughout the busy day are to possess 
 supernatural value, we must take the earliest opportunity 
 in the day to establish a vital and complete union with 
 God. Why delay the forming of this union a single 
 hour ? Why be satisfied with having man alone work a 
 part of the day if the energy of God may be manifested 
 all the hours of the day ?" 
 
 Xothing can take the place of private Bible study for Class Work. 
 personal spiritual growth, when the soul alone meets God 
 face to face, nor can anything take the place of united 
 study at stated periods, when each member of a class 
 adds his contribution to the lesson of the week, and when 
 the enthusiasm of united effort quickens the heart of the 
 student. 
 
 It is suggested, therefore, that whenever possible a 
 Bible-study class be organized. The organization may 
 be very simple and the class need not be large. Some 
 one (not necessarily the pastor) should be chosen leader. 
 The leader need not be an authority on Bible study, but 
 must be one who is willing to lead in hard work. Special 
 helps to leaders of Bible-study classes, and valuable sug- 
 gestions may be had free of charge by addressing the 
 Bible Study Department, 57 Washington Street, Chicago, 
 Illinois. 
 
 The Bible Study Department has been organized to Bible study 
 answer questions; to facilitate the ordering of supplies; •'apartment, 
 to prepare and send out helps to leaders. All correspond- 
 ence on Bible study should be addressed to the Bible 
 Study Department, 57 Washington Street, Chicago, 111. 
 
 It has been the purpose of the authors to provide Books of Ref* 
 Studies in the Life of Christ which should be comj^lete *•■*"«=«• 
 in themselves, requiring little or no outside help. In 
 
12 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 fact, the only book strictly needed for the course is a copy 
 of the Eevised New Testament, or Bible. The first at 25 
 cents, or the second at $1.25, are in the best form for 
 daily study. However, one or two good reference books 
 will greatly assist the student. 
 
 [Except the Hastings Bible Dictionary (which can be obtained only 
 from the publishers), all books referred to in this volume can be had of 
 Jennings & Pye, Cincinnati, Chicago, Kansas City; or, Eaton & Mains, 
 New York.] 
 
 Among these are: 
 
 An Oxford or an International Teachers' Bible, with 
 its extensive "Helps" at the end of the volume. Price, 
 $1.50 to $3.50. 
 
 One or more of the standard Lives of Christ. Eefer- 
 ences are constantly made in this volume to Stalker, 
 Andrews, Farrar, Edersheim, Geikie, Khees, and Sanday. 
 
 Stalker is the briefest, and in style is luminous and 
 classical. It seeks to give a general survey of the Life 
 of Christ. Price, 60 cents, post-paid. 
 
 Andrews is the most important English contribution 
 to the difficult problem of determining the chronological 
 sequence of the events of the Life of Christ, and also to 
 the harmonization of the varying accounts of the Four 
 Gospels. The book is largely taken up with these dis- 
 cussions. Price, $2.50, post-paid. 
 
 Farrar is an exceedingly entertaining series of word 
 pictures. It is at the same time the work of an acknowl- 
 edged scholar. Price, latest edition, $1.50, post-paid. 
 Cheap edition, 75 cents, post-paid. 
 
 Edersheim is very full, and is the richest of all Lives 
 of Christ in its references to Jewish habits of thought, 
 and Jewish manners and customs. Its type and printing 
 are especially good. Price, two volumes, $2, post-paid. 
 
 Geikie is written in a flowing and picturesque style, 
 and is very full in its treatment of New Testament times. 
 It is one of the most readable of all, but scholars are say- 
 ing that it is uncritical in its sifting of the facts. Price, 
 $1, post-paid. 
 
Introductory Suggestions. 13 
 
 Khees's Life of Jesus is one of the latest. It is brief, 
 compact, and clear, and on account of its excellent refer- 
 ences forms an excellent hand-book for the student who has 
 access to a large library. Price, $1.25 net. By mail,$1.35. 
 Sanday will be unaccessible to most of our readers, 
 owing to the fact that it is hid away in one of the four 
 volumes of the new Hastings Bible Dictionary, but we re- 
 fer to it as it is a very great monograph, especially for the 
 young person who is struggling with the problems of mod- 
 ern criticism of the Gospel records. It is remarkably can- 
 did in its admissions, and at the same time very reassuring. 
 A Bible Dictionary,— the greatest is, of course, that 
 of Hastings. Where there is a public library the officers 
 can usually be persuaded to purchase this Avork on appli- 
 cation of a class. (Four volumes; price, $24.) But it 
 will be too expensive for the average person, and will be, 
 in some of its articles, too technical. 
 After this we would mention : 
 
 The Illustrated Bible Treasury, by various British and 
 foreign authors. Price, $1.50, post-paid. 
 
 A Dictionary of the Bible, by J. D. Davis. Price, $2 
 net. By mail, S2.30. 
 
 It need not be added that a Commentary of the right 
 sort is very helpful. The list of these is so large that we 
 refer the student to the circular of the Bible Study De- 
 partment. 
 
 For the study of the geography of Palestine, and the 
 journeys of Jesus, there is nothing better than the Man- 
 ual of Biblical Geography, by Rev. J. L. Hurlbut, D. D. 
 Price, $1.50 net. By mail, 11.71. 
 
 Many Young People's Societies now possess mission^ Re^e^ence"**'' 
 ary libraries. Would it not be an excellent idea to add Library. 
 to these missionary books a Bible Study Reference Li- 
 brary, which would be found invaluable to individuals 
 and classes pursuing this or similar courses of study ? A 
 circular suggesting a model Bible Study Reference Li- 
 brarv will be furnished free of charge upon application 
 
14 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 to the Bible Study Department, 57 Washington street, 
 Chicago. 
 Writing a Life Comparatively few students will care to attempt this 
 * task, but to those who are willing to take the time we 
 make the following suggestions: 
 
 In writing a Life of Christ the student should select 
 a definite audience and propose to himself a definite aim. 
 In a large class, all of whom undertook this part of the 
 work, the following were some of the dedications: "To 
 a young college student who honors Christ but does not 
 know him;" "To a skeptical friend;" "To an indif- 
 ferent friend;" "To an uneducated man;" " To a little 
 child;" "To my twelve-year-old brother." 
 
 The persistent holding before the mind of the person 
 an object for which you are writing, is exceedingly im- 
 portant. It will give a unifying principle to your work 
 and help you in deciding the difficult question as to what 
 you are to omit and what to elaborate. 
 
 Write a chapter at the end of each week, using the 
 material covered in the week's Study. It will not be nec- 
 essary for you to embody it all. Keep the person for 
 whom you are writing in mind. You are but following 
 the example of the evangelists if you omit whole sections 
 which do not seem to serve your immediate purpose. 
 
 Master the material and then sit down and write your 
 chapter as though you were writing a weekly letter to 
 your friend. You will soon be surprised at the good 
 work you are able to do. It is important to find an hour 
 for this work when you have as long time as possible at 
 one sitting, as it will probably take some time to get into 
 the writing mood. Much depends on the capacity to 
 ''hold on." 
 
I 
 
OUTLINE 
 
 OP 
 
 PARTS, STUDY TITLES, AND HARMONY 
 REFERENCES. 
 
 Introductions, . . . Luke i, 1-80; John i, 1-18. 
 Genealogies, . . . . Matt, i, 1-17; Luke iii, 23-38. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 THE THIRTY YEARS OF PRIVATE LIFE. 
 
 From the Birth of Jesus until the Public Appearance of 
 
 John the Baptist. 
 STUDY. 
 
 1. From Nazareth to Presentation in the Temple. 
 
 Matt, i, 18-25; Luke ii, 1-39. 
 
 2. From Presentation in the Temple to Baptism. 
 
 Matt, ii, 1-23; Luke ii, 40-52. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 OPENING EVENTS OF CHRIST'S MINISTRY. 
 
 From the Public Appearance of John the Baptist until the 
 
 Public Appearance of Jesus in Jerusalem. 
 STUDY. 
 
 3. Baptism to Exodus from the Wilderness. 
 
 Matt, iii, 1 — iv, 11; Mark i, 1--13; Luke 
 iii, 1-22; iv, 1-13; John i, 19-28. 
 
 4. Exodus from Wilderness to First Sojourn in Caper- 
 
 naum. 
 
 John i, 29— ii, 12. 
 15 
 
1 6 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 EARLY JUDEAN AND GALILEAN" MINISTRY. 
 
 From the Public Appearance of Jesus in Jerusalem until 
 
 the Choosing of the Twelve. 
 STUDY. 
 
 5. At Jerusalem — First Cleansing of Temple — Dis- 
 
 course with Nicodemus. 
 
 John ii, 13 — iii, 21. 
 
 6. Jerusalem to Capernaum — Jesus makes Disciples in 
 
 Judea — Discourses at Sychar and Nazareth. 
 Matt, iv, 12-17; Marki, 14, 15; Lukeiv, 14-31; 
 John iii, 22 — iv, 54. 
 
 7. Call of the Four to first Preaching Tour in Galilee. 
 
 Matt, iv, 18-22; viii, 14-17; viii, 2-4; Mark 
 i, 16-45; Luke v, 1-16; iv, 32-44. 
 
 8. At Capernaum — Paralytic Cured — Matthew Called. 
 
 Matt, ix, 2-17 ; Mark ii, 1-22 ; Luke v, 17-39. 
 
 9. Works of Mercy and Necessity on the Sabbath. 
 
 Matt, xii, 1-14; Mark ii, 23 — iii, 6; Luke vi, 
 1-11; John V, 1-47. 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 SECOND PERIOD OF GALILEAN MINISTRY. 
 
 From the Choosing of the Tivelve until the Withdrawal into 
 
 Northern Galilee. 
 STUDY. 
 
 10. Twelve Apostles Chosen — Sermon on the Mount. 
 
 Matt, iv, 23-25 ; xii, 15-21 ; v, vi, vii — viii, 1. 
 Mark iii, 7-19 ; Luke vi, 12-49. 
 
 11. Capernaum to Nain — John the Baptist's Last Mes- 
 
 Matt. viii,i5-13; xi, 2-19; Luke vii, 1-35. 
 
General Outline. 17 
 
 13. At Capernaum — Sinful Woman Forgiven — Scribes 
 and Pharisees Warned. 
 
 Matt, xii, 22-45; Mark iii, 20-30; Luke vii, 36 
 — viii, 3; xi, 14-36. 
 
 13. At Capernaum — True Kindred of Christ — Begin- 
 
 ning of Parables. 
 
 Matt, xii, 46 — xiii, 53; Mark iii, 31 — iv, 34; 
 Luke viii, 4-21. 
 
 14. Visit to Gergesa — Tempest Stilled — Demoniacs 
 
 Cured. 
 
 Matt, viii, 18, 23-34; Mark iv, 35— v, 20; Luke 
 viii, 22-39. 
 
 15. At Capernaum — Jairus' Daughter Eaised — Woman 
 
 and Three Men Healed. 
 
 Matt, ix, 1, 18-34; Mark v, 21-43; Luke viii, 
 40-56. 
 
 16. Visit to Nazareth and Southwestern Galilee — Mis- 
 
 sion of the Twelve — Death of John the Baptist. 
 Matt, xiii, 54-58; ix, 35— xi, 1; xiv, 1-12; 
 Mark vi, 1-29 ; Luke ix, 1-9. 
 
 17. Christ Feeds Five Thousand — Walks on the Water- 
 
 Discourses on Bread and Eating. 
 
 Matt, xiv, 13— XV, 20; Mark vi, 30— vii, 23; 
 Luke ix, 10-17; John vi, 1-71. 
 
 PART V. 
 
 THIED PERIOD OF GALILEAN MINISTRY. 
 
 From the Withdrawal into Northern Galilee until the 
 
 Final Departure for Jerusalem. 
 STUDY. 
 
 18. Withdrawal into Northern Galilee, and Return to 
 Decapolis. 
 
 Matt. XV, 21-31 ; Mark vii, 24-37. 
 
1 8 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 19. Four Thousand Fed — Growing Opposition — Peter's 
 
 Confession. 
 
 Matt. XV, 32 — ^xvi, 28; Mark viii, 1 — ix, 1; 
 Luke ix, 22-27. 
 
 20. Christ Transfigured — Cures Demoniac Boy — Again 
 
 Foretells His Death and Kesurrection. 
 
 Matt, xvii, 1-23; Mark ix, 2-32; Luke ix, 
 28-45. 
 
 21. Temple Tax Paid at Capernaum — Discourse on Hu- 
 
 mility and Forgiveness. 
 
 Matt, xvii, 24 — xviii, 35; Mark ix, 33-50; Luke 
 ix, 46-50. 
 
 22. At the Feast of Tabernacles — Discourses on Light 
 
 and Freedom. 
 
 John vii, 1 — viii, 59. 
 
 PART VI. 
 
 THE PEREAN MINISTRY. 
 
 From the Final Departure from Galilee until the Final 
 
 Arrival at Jerusalem. 
 STUDY. 
 
 23. From Final Departure from Galilee to Attendance 
 
 at Feast of Dedication. 
 
 Matt, xix, 1, 2; viii, 19-22; xi, 20-30; Mark 
 X, 1 ; Luke ix, 51 — x, 42 ; John ix, 1 — x,42. 
 
 24. Teachings, Parables, and Miracles in Perea. 
 
 Luke xi, 1-13 ; xi, 37— xvii, 10. 
 
 25. Lazarus Raised at Bethany — Withdrawal to Ephraim. 
 
 John xi, 1-54. 
 
 26. Teachings, Parables, and Miracles in Final Journey 
 
 to Jerusalem — Anointing at Bethany. 
 
 Matt, xix, 3 — XX, 34; xxvi, 6-13; Mark x, 2-52; 
 xiv, 3-9; Luke xvii, 11 — xix, 28; John xi, 55 — 
 xii, 11. 
 
General Outline. 19 
 
 PART VII. 
 
 THE PASSION WEEK. 
 From the Final Arrival at Jerusalem until the Resur- 
 rection. 
 STUDY. 
 
 27. Sunday. — A Day of Triumph. 
 
 Matt, xxi, 1-11; Mark xi, 1-11; Luke xix, 
 29-44; Johnxii, 12-19. 
 
 28. Monday. — A Day of Authority. 
 
 Matt, xxi, 12-19; Mark xi, 12-19; Luke xix, 
 45-48. 
 
 29. Tuesday.— A Day of Conflict. 
 
 Matt, xxi, 20 — xxv, 46; Mark xi, 20 — xiii, 37; 
 Luke XX, 1 — xxi, 38; John xii, 20-50. 
 
 30. Wednesday. — A Day of Eetirement. 
 
 Matt, xxvi, 1-5, 14-16; Mark xiv, 1, 2, 10, 11; 
 Luke xxii, 1-6. 
 
 31. Thursday. — The Last Day with the Disciples. 
 
 Matt, xxvi, 17-46; Mark xiv, 12-42; Luke 
 xxii, 7-46 ; John xiii, 1 — xviii, 1. 
 
 32. Friday.— The Day of Suffering. 
 
 Matt, xxvi, 47 — xxvii, 61 ; Mark xiv, 43 — xv, 
 47; Luke xxii, 47 — xxiii, 56; John xviii, 2 — 
 xix, 42. 
 
 33. Saturday.— The Day in the Tomb. 
 
 Matt, xxvii, 62-66. 
 
 PART Vlli. 
 
 THE FOETY DAYS. 
 
 From the Resiwrection until the Ascension. 
 
 STUDY. 
 
 34. Sunday Morning. — The Eesurrection. 
 
 Matt, xxviii, 1-8; Mark xvi, 1-8; Luke xxiv, 
 1-12 ; John xx, 1-10. 
 
20 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 35. Appearances — Final Commission — Ascension. 
 
 Matt, xxviii, 9-20 ; Mark xvi, 9-20 ; Luke xxiv, 
 13-53; John xx, 11 — xxi, 25; Acts i, 1-9; 
 1 Cor. XV, 5-8. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 In the references, "Hast. Bib. Diet." means the Dic- 
 tionary of the Bible by James Hastings. 
 
 " Bib. Diet." with the word Hastings omitted, means 
 any good Bible dictionary. 
 
 "Hist. Geo. H. L." stands for the Historical Geog- 
 raphy of the Holy Land, by George Adam Smith. 
 
 "Edersheim I," and " Geikie I," mean Edersheim or 
 Geikie, Volume I. Eeferences, therefore, are to the two- 
 volume books. 
 
PART I. 
 THE THIETY YEAES OF PRIVATE LIFE. 
 
 FIRST 'WEEK. 
 
 FROM NAZARETH TO PRESENTATION IN 
 THE TEMPLE. 
 
 STUDY I.— First Day. 
 
 Augustus Caesar was on the throne of the Roman i°""*J\^?' 
 
 o Tribal City. 
 
 Empire. He was at the zenith of his power. All na- 
 tions and kingdoms were submissive to his sway. It 
 was Rome's golden age. Proud of his scepter, nothing 
 delighted Augustus so much as to number his subjects 
 and to gather his revenues. We are not surprised, then, 
 to read in St. Luke's Gospel that the Emperor had 
 issued an edict, "that all the world should be enrolled," 
 which means that a census was ordered, which should 
 serve as a basis for future taxation.* Among the Jews 
 this census was to be taken, not at the place where 
 the people resided, but in the city or town of their 
 original tribe. For this reason many persons took long 
 journeys from their homes to their tribal city. Of this 
 number the Gospel narrative portrays especially two lowly 
 
 * Edershelm 1, 182; Hagt. Bib. Diet. II, 645, 646. 
 21 
 
22 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 individujils — Josej)h, a carpenter of the city of Nazareth, 
 and Mary, his espoused wife. It was to the royal town 
 of Bethlehem, the home of their great ancestors, Boaz, 
 Ruth, and David, that they must travel. The distance 
 was about eighty miles, the road rugged and difficult, 
 and yet not altogether without interest. They probably 
 passed through Jezreel, once Ahab's capital, just east of 
 which Saul perished, and through the Valley of Baca, of 
 which the Psalmist sung. As they approached the city 
 of their fathers, they would pause at the spot sacred to 
 Jewish memory, the place where Jacob's first love, Eachael, 
 died, and was buried. Whether they had met with any 
 delay, other than that arising from the condition of Mary, 
 we know not, but, at last reaching Bethlehem, they found 
 the town filled with people, and all favorable quarters 
 occupied. With no comfortable room available in the 
 home of a friend or in an inn, they turned to the inn- 
 yard or court, which was half kitchen, half stable, and 
 there these weary travelers lodged. 
 jeausBorn. Probably that very night, Mary "brought forth her 
 firstborn son," and, because no conveniences were at 
 hand, he was "wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in 
 a manger." 
 
 The first announcement of Christ's birth was made 
 to simple and devout shepherds, who were guarding, on 
 the neighboring hillsides, flocks perhaps destined for 
 sacrificial services. To them an angel appeared, saying; 
 "There is born to you this day in the city of David 
 a Savior, which is Christ the Lord. And this is the 
 sign unto you ; Ye shall find a babe wrapped in swaddling 
 clothes, and lying in a manger. And suddenly there 
 
The Thirty Years of Private Life. 23 
 
 was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host 
 praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest, 
 and on earth peace among men in whom he is well 
 pleased." 
 
 If by supernatural means Messiah's birth was thus Kll^wlTto ^ 
 made known to humble peasants, we can believe that Shepherds 
 
 and IMagl. 
 
 God might also disclose the coming advent to the Magi — 
 devout men from the east, teachers of religion and 
 science* — and that they should already have started on 
 their long journey to his cradle. 
 
 On the eighth day the babe was circumcised, and the 3^,"^ p'J^^'^n" 
 name Jesus was given him according to angelic direction, tation. 
 From Bethlehem, when the days of the mother's purifica- 
 tion were ended, Joseph and Mary went to Jerusalem, to 
 present the child unto God in the temple, and offer two 
 turtle doves, the appointed sacrifice of the poor. 
 
 We have need of patience after we have studied 
 the Word of God, that we may inherit its treasures. 
 
 STUDY I.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Luke ii, 1-39, and write in the Harmony the 
 names for Christ found therein. (Reserve the first pages 
 of the note-book in which to enter the beginning of the 
 Harmony proper, according to the directions given below 
 at the close of the Third Day.) 
 
 STUDY I.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, i, 18-25. See that Matthew makes prom- 
 inent the experiences of Joseph; Luke, those of Mary. 
 
 * Meyer on Matthew 11, 1 ; Bib. Diet., art. " Magi." 
 
24 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 
 Harmony. 
 
 Draw a simple outline map of Palestine ; locate thereon 
 Nazareth, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem, and mark the course of 
 the infant Christ from Bethlehem to Jerusalem. (See direc- 
 tions for " Map Drawing," page 7.) 
 
 Begin making Harmony by entering in the blank book the 
 main title. Harmony of the Gospels and Life of Christ, followed 
 by Introductions, Luke i, 1-80; John i, 1-18; Genealogies, Matt. 
 i, 1-17; Luke iii, 23-38. Part I.— The Thirty Years of Private 
 Life. — From the Birth of Jesus Until the Public Appearance of 
 John the Baptist. Study I. — From Nazareth to Presentation 
 in the Temple, Matt, i, 18-25 ; Luke ii, 1-39. (See directions for 
 " Making a Harmony," pp. 8 and 9.) 
 
 STUDY I.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead continuously, that is, at one reading, Luke i, 
 1-80, and note especially the lyric beauty and delicate 
 reserve of this, the longest chapter in the Hew Testa- 
 ment. 
 
 General References. 
 
 For further and very full information bearing on this early 
 period of Christ's life, consult Edersheim, Vol. I, pp. 133-159, 
 180-201 ; Geikie, Vol. I, pp. 78-128; Stalker, pp. 11-15; Andrews, 
 pp. 1-93 ; Farrar, pp. 1-12 ; Ehees, pp. 58-63. 
 
 STUDY I.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Luke i, 1-4, which, in Luke's introductory 
 chapter, forms the preface of his Gospel, and then write 
 in the Harmony, in your own language, the reasons he 
 gives for writing this Gospel. 
 
 Topics For Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-work. 
 
 1. The far-reaching effects of Christ's coming in the flesh. 
 John i, 14; Luke ii, 34, 35; John i, 51; vi, 51; xvii, 1-8. 
 
The Thirty Years of Private Life. 25 
 
 2. Roman Taxation. See Bib. Diet., art. "Taxes;" Mat- 
 thews' New Testament Times, p. 140; Edersheim, Vol. I, 515; 
 Geikie, I, 279-283; Rhees, sec. 5. 
 
 3. Manner of travel in the time of Christ. 
 
 4. Ancient Rolls and Books. See Oxford Bible Helps ; Bib. 
 Diet. 
 
 STUDY I.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John i, 1-18, which introductory passage is 
 called the prologue of John's Gospel, and write in the 
 Harmony what Christ is called therein. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What countries did Rome govern? See Bib. Diet., 
 " Rome ; " Oxford Bible ; Geikie, I, chap. iii. 
 
 2. What was the significance of the Jewish betrothal? See 
 Bib. Diet., " Marriage ; " Edersheim, I, 149, 354. 
 
 3. What was meant by the presentation of a Jewish child 
 in the temple? See Edersheim, I, 193, 194; Farrar, 10; Geikie, 
 I, 130, 131. 
 
 4. What sum of money would redeem such a child ? See 
 Edersheim, I, 193, 194. 
 
 5. Why did Joseph and Mary offer a pair of turtle doves ? 
 What other sacriflee could they have offered? See Edersheim, 
 I, 196. 
 
 6. Give a few facts about (a) Bethlehem, (b) Jerusalem. 
 See Bib. Diet. 
 
 7. Who were the Magi ? Andrews, 93f. ; Edersheim, I, 
 202-208; Farrar, chap. iii. 
 
 STUDY I.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John i, 12, 13. 
 
 Review what you have learned about Christ during 
 week. 
 
26 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 " He was in the world, . . . and the world knew 
 him not." 
 
 "He came unto his own and they that were his own 
 received him not." 
 
 Have I failed to recognize Christ; or, having recog- 
 nized him, do I fail to acknowledge that he has a rightful 
 claim to my whole life ? 
 
 Read Rom. xiii, 11-14. 
 
PART I.— SECOND WEEK. 
 
 FROM PRESENTATION IN THE TEMPLE 
 TO BAPTISM. 
 
 STUDY II.— First Day. 
 
 nn in tliA t.Anrnlp it. la HiTnnnaprl 
 
 Bethlehem. 
 
 After the presentation in the temple, it is supposed ''^*'"'"*o 
 
 that Joseph and Mary returned, with the infant Jesus, 
 to Bethlehem. Luke ii, 39, evidently omits the events 
 intervening between the presentation and the final res- 
 idence at Nazareth, which are now related. 
 
 The wise men, arriving at Jerusalem, inquired of ^agi Arrive at 
 , , . -rr Jerusalem. 
 
 Herod, "Where is he that is born King of the Jews? 
 
 for we saw his star in the east, and are come to worship 
 him." These words were most startling, and the king 
 "was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him." "King of 
 the Jews! King of the Jews!" he said to himself, "Am 
 I not King of the Jews ? Am I not appointed by Ctesar 
 Augustus, to be King of the Jews?" Moved by appre 
 hension and jealousy, he hastily called together the chief 
 priests and scribes, that he might inquire where this 
 King was to be born. They replied, " In Bethlehem of 
 Judea." Then he called the wise men, and inquired 
 carefully as to their report concerning the star. Forth- 
 with he sent them to Bethlehem, and charged them that 
 when they should find the child, they were to return, 
 and let him know, saying, " I too wish to worship him." 
 
 The wise men now continued on their way, "and lo, 
 27 
 
28 
 
 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Flight into 
 Egypt. 
 
 Herod Impa- 
 tient. 
 
 Find and wor- the star, "which they saw in the east, went before them, 
 till it came and stood over where the young child was." 
 Finding the babe, they worshiped him, and presented 
 him with gold and sweet spices. Then, "being warned 
 of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, 
 they departed into their own country another way." 
 
 At the same time God said to Joseph, "Arise and 
 take the young child and his mother, and flee into 
 Egypt." This entailed a journey of more than three 
 hundred miles, to the land which, for many years, was 
 the home of Joseph, Moses, and Aaron. 
 
 While Joseph and Mary were journeying, Herod was 
 growing impatient because the wise men had not re- 
 turned to tell him about the child. When he became 
 persuaded that they would not return, and that his plans 
 were frustrated, he decreed the death of every male child 
 in Bethlehem under two years of age. As the King's 
 soldiers passed from house to house, gathering up the 
 infant children, a wail went up from many homes, and 
 there was "weeping and great mourning." How could 
 Herod be so cruel ? This was not his first act of slaugh- 
 ter. Three of his own children suffered death at his 
 hands, and had not God smitten him, all would have 
 been murdered. 
 
 Within a few months of the Savior's birth, Herod 
 died, and Archelaus, the most tyrannical and self-willed 
 of his sons, reigned in his stead. God now called Joseph 
 and Mary out of Egypt. But where should they go, and 
 in what place should they reside ? They seem to have 
 started back to Bethlehem, which they would probably 
 have made their home; but as they journeyed, they 
 learned that Archelaus was not less to be dreaded than 
 
 Herod Dies. 
 
 Return from 
 Egypt. 
 
The Thirty Years of Private Life. 29 
 
 his father, and, being warned of God in a dream, tliey 
 turned aside and went to Nazareth. 
 
 Concerning the childhood of Jesus, little is known. Childhood of 
 
 Jesus. 
 
 Luke says, "The child grew, and waxed strong, filled 
 with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him." 
 
 One important event is mentioned, his visit to Jeru- ''lem'^t A^e^ ' 
 salem at the age of twelve, or more accurately in his of Twelve. 
 thirteenth year. This was a most important event in 
 a Jewish boy's life.* He was no longer to be regarded as 
 a boy, but as a man. He must now begin to learn a 
 trade. He could now for the first time have a part in 
 the temple service, and was responsible for his attendance 
 at the Feasts. After the festivities of Jesus' first Pass- 
 over had been concluded, the families collected in com- 
 panies for the homeward journey. The men usually 
 walked together, as did also the women, often in great 
 numbers. Going northward toward Galilee with their 
 company, Joseph and Mary had traveled a day's journey, 
 when they found that their son Jesus was missing. The 
 mother thought that he was with the father, and the 
 father supposed him to be with the mother or with other 
 relatives, and now to their astonishment they learned 
 that the child was still in the city. Retracing their 
 steps, they found the lad in the temple with the doctors 
 or teachers, "both hearing them and asking them ques- 
 tions;" and when his mother said unto him, "Son, why 
 hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and 
 I sought thee sorrowing," he replied, ""Wist ye not that 
 I must be in my Father's house ?" 
 
 Jesus returned to Nazareth, obedient and loyal to tlie Return to 
 
 Nazareth. 
 
 home life, and "advanced in wisdom and stature, and in 
 * Farrar, 85. 
 
30 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 favor with God and man." It is supposed that he learned 
 and worked at the carpenter's trade, and that, during the 
 years before his baptism, Joseph died, and he assumed 
 the support of the family.* 
 
 "Twenty-five minutes spent in a workmanlike 
 attempt to master the Scriptural facts of a lesson, 
 will often prepare for a greater emotional uplift in 
 the last five minutes than could have come to you 
 if you had spent all the time in saying, * Now let us 
 be devotional.' "—Prof. W. W. White. 
 
 STUDY II.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Matt, ii, 1-23, and write in the Harmony the 
 phrases which show that Matthew presents the kingly 
 side of Christ's life. 
 
 STUDY II.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Luke ii, 40-52, and note the many words which 
 show that Luke gives the homelike, human side of 
 Christ's life. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on map the course of the parents and Jesus from 
 Jerusalem to Bethlehem, Egypt, Nazareth, and to Jerusalem 
 and return. 
 
 Harmony— Study II. From Presentation in the Temple to 
 Baptism. Matt, ii, 1-23; Luke ii, 40-52. 
 
 ♦Andrews, 120. 
 
The Thirty Years of Private Life. 31 
 
 STUDY II.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, ii, 1-23; Luke ii, 40-52. Some have 
 thought that the first has more in view Israel, the second 
 the human race. See if you can discover, in the passages 
 read, any reasons for this supposition. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, pp. 202-254; Geikie I, pp. 129-329; Stalker, 
 pp. 15-26; Andrews, pp. 93-111; Farrar, pp. 12-55; Rhees, sec. 
 63-70. 
 
 STUDY n.- Fifth Day. 
 
 Read the first and last verses of the genealogies, 
 Matt, i, 1, 17; Luke iii, 23, 38, noting that Matthew 
 goes back to Abraham, Luke to God; and ask how this 
 bears on the aim of the two writers. 
 
 Topics For Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The influence of Jesus in home life. Luke ii, 40-62; 
 John ii, 1, 2 ; Mai-k x, 7-16 ; Luke x, 38-42 ; John xix, 25-27. 
 
 2. Status of a Jewish boy after his twelfth year. Farrar, 35. 
 
 3. Education of a Jewish boy. What schools were there? 
 Andrews, llOf. ; Farrar, 47; Geikie I, pp. 67, 171-173; Rhees, 
 sec. 65. 
 
 STUDY n.— Sixth Day. 
 
 What verse means most to you in the second chapter 
 of Matthew or Luke ? Write it in the Harmony 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Name the Herods mentioned in the New Testament, and 
 give an account of Herod the Great. Oxford Bible ; Edersheim 
 I, pp. 123-129, 261 ; Rhees, sees. 2 and 3. 
 
32 
 
 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 2. Locate the prophecy as to the place where Jesus was to 
 be born. 
 
 8. Write an outline of what you can learn of Nazareth as 
 the home of Jesus for thirty years. Andrews, 104 ; Hist. Geo. 
 H. L., 432; Edersheim I, 144. 
 
 4. Are there any recorded miracles of Jesus before his pub- 
 lic ministry ? 
 
 5. What wei'e the current ideas of the Messiah? Which of 
 these was the popular idea? Edersheim I, 78-80; 163-165; 
 Geikie I, 79-83; Matthews' New Testament Times, 159-169; 
 Muirhead's Times of Christ, 112-150; Bib. Diet., " Messiah." 
 
 STUDY II.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, ii, 10, 11. 
 
 From all that you have learned, try to picture the 
 life of Christ from childhood to manhood. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "Wist ye not that I must be in my Father's house?" 
 Am I so absorbed in my Father's work that I am always 
 to be found in the right place ? Is my first and most anx- 
 ious thouglit concerning the extension of his kingdom? 
 
 Read Matt, vi, 33. 
 
PART II. 
 OPENINa EVENTS OF CHEIST'S MINISTRY. 
 
 THIRD WEEK. 
 
 BAPTISM TO EXODUS FEOM THE 
 WILDERNESS. 
 
 STUDY III.— First Day. 
 
 A stranger who at , this time might happen to be in Ministry ot 
 Jerusalem, or in the general region of Judea and the Baptist, 
 Jordan, would have noticed a stir and movement among 
 the people. And had he asked, "Where do they go?" 
 he would have been told that the multitude — men, wo- 
 men, and children; the poor and the rich; publicans and 
 soldiers; Pharisees and Sadducees, were drawn forth to 
 hear a strange new prophet, whose name was John, a 
 man somewhat resembling Elijah, long since dead. In- 
 stead of fine linen and gorgeous robes he wore a garment 
 of harsh, rough camel's hair, and about his loins was a 
 goatskin girdle. He had grown to manhood "in the 
 deserts," probably the rocky, sparsely-inhabited country 
 west of the Dead Sea, and had fed on locusts and wild 
 honey. Moreover, although a priest by birth, he did not 
 go to the temple or synagogue to proclaim his message, 
 but began preaching in the " wilderness" region where 
 he had lived, and at the fords of the Jordan. His doc- 
 trine was also new and strange. And while the Jewish 
 ritual required numerous washings and purifications, 
 John the Baptist did not follow it, but introduced a new 
 symbol, that of water baptism.* This unusual rite, and 
 the man's burning words, seem to have aroused the whole 
 
 *Gelkle, Vol. I, pp. 874, 388. 
 3 33 
 
34 
 
 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 populace. So startling was it that a new prophet should 
 appear after centuries of silence, and should break away 
 from the traditions of the synagogue and insist that all 
 must repent and be baptized, that it awakened among 
 the common people the deepest curiosity, and among 
 the religious leaders the most serious alarm. It was to 
 hear such a prophet that the multitudes flocked to the 
 Jordan. 
 Jesus Bap- Q^g (j^y while John was declaring, "There cometh 
 ' after me he that is mightier than I, the latchet of whose 
 shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose," the 
 young man from Nazareth presented himself for baptism. 
 John would have hindered him, saying: "I have need 
 to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me ?" But 
 Jesus answering, said unto him: " Suffer it now: for 
 thus it becometh us to fulfill all righteousness." Having 
 baptized him, John saw the heavens open and the Spirit, 
 in the form of a dove, descend and abide upon him, and 
 he heard a voice saying: "This is my beloved Son, in 
 whom I am well pleased." We do not know how long 
 Jesus remained about the Jordan listening to the preach- 
 ing of John, but doubtless as he heard John speak of 
 the approach of the kingdom of God, his heart burned 
 within him and he felt that his life-work was about to 
 begin. 
 Led Into the From his baptism, probably at Bethabara or Bethany, 
 
 John's third station on the upper Jordan, in southeastern 
 Galilee,* or across the river in Perea, Jesus was led by 
 the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. 
 We can conceive that during these forty days the mind of 
 Jesus was so engaged with the emotions and ideas which 
 crowded on him that he forgot even to eat;f for we read, 
 " He did eat nothing in those days, and when they were 
 completed He hungered," The Gospels record only the 
 threefold temptation, J which probably belongs to the last 
 
 ♦Luke ill, 21; John 1, 28, R. A'., and Edersheim I, 278-300; II, 126, 127. 
 + Stalker, 45. J Hastings, Vol. II, p. 612. 
 
opening Events of Christ*s Ministry. 35 
 
 days of our Lord's seclusion, and represents the culmi- 
 nation of Satan's assaults. 
 
 The first temptation came at the end of this prolonged •^••'st Tempta- 
 period of fasting, when Jesus was exceedingly hungry, 
 and the adversary suggested, " If thou art the Son of 
 God, command that these stones become bread." How 
 unnecessary that you suffer thus, when by a simple com- 
 mand your physical need could be met ! Christ's mirac- 
 ulous powers were not for private use, but for the glory 
 of God, and he answered: " Man shall not live by bread 
 alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the 
 mouth of God." 
 
 The second temptation was, that Christ should pre- Second 
 sume foolishly on the ability of his Father to preserve his *""* ^ **"" 
 life in an act which should astound all beholders by its 
 sublime daring. The arch tempter appears to stand with 
 him on some overhanging pinnacle of the temple, saying: 
 "If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is 
 written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee : 
 and on their hands they shall bear thee up." But Jesus 
 would not make requisition of Divine power to subserve 
 spiritual pride and personal honor, and replied, "Thou 
 shalt not tempt the Lord thy God." 
 
 The third temptation was to universal temporal do- Third Temp>- 
 minion. The desert seems to have become, as it were, a '^"*'"' 
 great plain. Out of it arose a high mountain from which 
 Jesus viewed " all the kingdoms of the world, and the 
 glory of them." Such dominion had been the dream of 
 Alexander and of Caesar. Shall Christ accept the chal- 
 lenge and become master of Palestine and ultimately 
 monarch of the world, as the Jews wished him to be, by 
 methods of earthly force and policy ? "What appeal could 
 be harder to resist ? But Satan spreads his subtlest snare 
 in vain. Jesus will not yield to groveling ambition. He 
 came to "save his people from their sins," and he repels 
 the third and last assault with the decisive answer, "Get 
 thee hence, Satan; for it is written. Thou shalt worship 
 
36 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. Then 
 the devil leaveth him ; and behold, angels came and min- 
 istered unto him." 
 
 "To go beneath the surface" would be a good 
 resolution for this w^eek. Fe\v parts of the Scrip- 
 ture better repay independent thought than the por- 
 tion assigned. 
 
 STUDY III.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Mark i, 1-18, and note the directness with which 
 this Gospel strikes into the current of action. It is 
 thought to have been written specially for the Eomans.* 
 
 Find and write in the Harmony the place in Malachi 
 and Isaiah from which Mark here makes his only quota- 
 tion from the Old Testament. Observe that he mentions 
 only one prophet, though he quotes from two. 
 
 STUDY III.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Luke iii, 1-18. Note that Luke quotes Isaiah 
 far enough to include the statement that "all flesh shall 
 see the salvation of God," and that he speaks of publicans 
 and soldiers coming to John, while Matthew speaks of 
 Pharisees and Sadducees. Consider carefully the differ- 
 ence of language to the publicans and soldiers as recorded 
 by Luke, and to the Pharisees and Sadducees as recorded 
 in Matthew iii, 7-12. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Trace the course of Jesus from Nazareth to Bethabara or 
 Bethany, supposing this place was in southeastern Galilee. 
 The term "wilderness" applied to that part of the depressed 
 valley of the Jordan. 
 
 Harmony. — Part II. Opening Events of Christ's Ministry. 
 — From the Public Appearance of John the Baptist until the 
 Public Appearance of Jesus in Jerusalem. Study III. — Baptism 
 
 *Farrar, The Messages of the Books, p. 18; but Saltnond In Hast- 
 ings' Dictionary would say, " Written at Rome for Gentile readers." 
 
Opening Events of Christ's Ministry. 37 
 
 to Exodus from the Wilderness. Matt, iii, 1 — iv, 11; Mark i, 
 1-13; Luke iii, 1-22; iv, 1-13; John i, 19-28. 
 
 STUDY III.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, iii, 13-17; Luke iii, 21, 22, and mark 
 what Jesus did at his baptism, as related by Luke, and 
 what followed. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim 1,255-307; Geikie I, 330-426; Stalker, 38-47; 
 Andrews, 137-155 ; Farrar, 55-74 ; Rhees, sees. 85-96. 
 
 STUDY III.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, iv, 1-11. Note the weapon with which 
 Jesus repelled temptation. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The character of Jesus' temptations. Matt, iv, 1-3, 11; 
 Mark i, 13; Luke iv, 1-3, 5, 13; Heb. ii, 18; iv, 15; John xiv, 30. 
 
 2. The Jordan Eiver and its valley, including the Sea of 
 Galilee and the Dead Sea. Oxford Bible ; Bib. Diet. ; Hist. 
 Geo. H. L., 4G5; Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, 351. 
 
 3. Jewish sects — such as Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes. 
 Oxford Bible ; Edersheim I, 310-334 ; Geikie II, 223-228 ; Rhees, 
 sees. 8-13. 
 
 4. "Write out your conclusions concerning the character of 
 Jesus' temptations. Heb. ii, 18; iv, 15; Stalker, 45; Edersheim 
 I, 295-307; Geikie I, 438-450; Farrar, 63-74; Rhees, sees. 91-94; 
 Godet on Luke iv. 
 
 5. What similar temptations meet the Christian worker of 
 to-day ? 
 
 STUDY Ill.-Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Luke iv, 1-13, and dwell on the added knowl- 
 edge given in first verse, respecting Jesus' relation to the 
 Holy Spirit. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. How long did John the Baptist preach? 
 
 "Why did Jesus present himself for baptism? "What does 
 
38 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 he mean by fulfilling all righteousness? Edersheim I, 279-280; 
 Ehees, sec. 87; Hast. Bib. Diet., "Jesus Christ;" II, 611. 
 
 3. Is it probable that Jesus and John had met before? 
 
 4. Collect the sayings of John about Jesus and observe the 
 unselfish spirit of John. Bible Concordance, under "John." 
 See also "The Last of the Prophets," by Eev. John Feather. 
 
 STUDY in.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Luke iii, 16. Consider deeply your need 
 of the three essentials of power revealed in Christ's life 
 by the Bible reading for the past three days. (Review 
 the references for the fourth, fifth, and sixth days.) 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And Jesus was led by the Spirit in the wilderness 
 during forty days, being tempted of the devil." "Then 
 the devil leaveth him; and behold, angels ministered 
 unto him." 
 
 Why pray, "Lead us not into temptation?" Why 
 was Jesus led by the Spirit into the place of special 
 temptation ? Does God ever lead one into temptation ? 
 Is it not true that certain temptations are a divinely- 
 appointed trial, and that for such temptations we have 
 the promise that God will not suffer us to b*e tempted 
 above that we are able? We do not seek these tempta- 
 tions, but when they come we pray, "Deliver us from 
 evil." 
 
 There are other temptations into which we may vol- 
 untarily and willfully go, and for these temptations there 
 is no promise. At such times, " Let no man say when he 
 is tempted, I am tempted of God ; . . . but each man is 
 tempted when he is drawn away by his own lust, and en- 
 ticed." 
 
 How may I resist temptation? Read Eph. vi, 10-18; 
 James iv, 7 ; 1 Cor. x, 13. 
 
PART II —FOURTH "WTEEK. 
 
 EXODUS FROM THE AVILDERNESS TO FIRST 
 SOJOURN IN CAPERNAUM. 
 
 STUDY IV.— First Day. 
 
 The forty days' temptation having ended in glorious Second visit 
 
 T 1 1 i> ^ c-i • • T ^ T-KT i'° Bethabara. 
 
 Victory, Jesus was led of the Spirit back toward Nazareth, 
 passing through Bethabara. The forty days of seclusion 
 had an important influence upon John the Baptist as 
 well as upon Jesus. Many times he must have thought 
 of the demonstration at the baptism of Jesus, of the 
 opening of the heavens, of the Spirit descending, of the 
 voice speaking, of the sudden disappearance and long- 
 continued absence of him whom he had declared to be 
 the Christ. But now Jesus appeared again at Bethabara. 
 John the Baptist seeing him, said: " Behold the Lamb of 
 God, which taketh away the sin of the world ! This is he 
 of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is become 
 before me: for he was before me." And John bare wit- 
 ness, saying: "I have beheld the Spirit descending as 
 a dove out of heaven; and it abode upon him. And 
 I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with 
 water, he said unto me, Upon whomsoever thou shalt 
 see the Spirit descending, and abiding upon him, the 
 same is he that baptizeth with the Holy Spirit. And 
 I have seen, and have. borne witness that this is the Son 
 of God." 
 
 The next day John repeated his testimony, concerning 
 39 
 
40 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 First Disci- Christ as the Lamb of God, in the presence of some of 
 
 pies Drawn to ^ 
 
 Christ, his own attendants. Among those who heard John's 
 declaration, two were immediately drawn to be the dis- 
 ciples of Jesus. One was Andrew, a fisherman from 
 Bethsaida, on the Lake of Galilee; the other was prob- 
 ably John the evangelist, a native of the same town. 
 Just what happened on this Sabbath at Bethabara, none 
 can tell. Jesus seems to have remained for the day, 
 possibly teaching or preaching. One thing seems cer- 
 tain; these first two disciples were not idle. Andrew 
 was searching diligently for his own brother, Simon 
 Peter, and brought him to Jesus, saying, "We have 
 found the Messiah." When Jesus looked upon Simon, he 
 saw in him that of which a true disciple could be made, 
 and said, " Thou art Simon, the son of John: thou shalt 
 be called Cephas (which is by interpretation, Peter)." 
 The next day Jesus, with these three disciples, proceeded 
 to Galilee. On the way, their mission work was con- 
 tinued, and another disciple, who was a fellow-townsman 
 of Andrew and Peter, was added to their number. His 
 name was Philip. It was to him that Jesus first ad- 
 dressed the words, "Follow me." While we know little 
 of Philip's life, we shall always be thankful that he fol- 
 lowed Jesus; for he too became a missionary, and " find- 
 eth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, 
 of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, 
 Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph." Nazareth! Naz- 
 areth! Can it be that the Messiah is to come from 
 among the despised Galileans, and especially from a town 
 so near to Cana ' as Nazareth ? Nathanael may have so 
 thought, and he asked, " Can any good thing come out 
 of Nazareth?" Philip said unto him, "Come and see." 
 
Opening Events of Christ's Ministry. 41 
 
 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and said unto him, 
 "Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile!" 
 This salutation was a great surprise to Nathanael, and he 
 asked, "Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered 
 and said unto him. Before Philip called thee, when thou 
 wast under the fig-tree, I saw thee. Nathanael answered 
 him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God." 
 
 Jesus, by this time, had five charter members of the First visit to 
 
 Cana. 
 
 Christian Church, with wliom he returned into Galilee, 
 and made ready to begin his public ministry. Jesus 
 and his disciples doubtless expected to go to I^azareth, 
 but whether they reached there or not, the record does 
 not show. If so, he found his mother and family absent 
 in Cana, a neighboring village, about four miles away, 
 attending a wedding. Because of the personal super- 
 vision given by Mary, it has been thought that the mar- 
 riage was at the house of a relative or near friend of 
 Jesus, and that, as soon as it was learned that Jesus was 
 in the vicinity, an invitation was extended to him and to 
 his disciples. Of one thing we are certain, he honored 
 the occasion, not only by his presence, but also by per- 
 forming his first recorded miracle, the turning of water 
 into wine. "This beginning of his signs did Jesus in 
 Cana of Galilee, and manifested his glory; and his dis- 
 ciples believed on him." 
 
 The brief record is next made in John's Gospel, that. Sojourn at 
 "After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his 
 mother, and his brethren, and his disciples: and there 
 they abode not many days." 
 
 Signalize this morning's work by a thorough mem- 
 orizing of the outline facts of the -week's lesson. 
 
42 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY IV.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead John i, 19-28, in which we may see John the 
 Baptist tempted by the deputation on the same day that 
 Jesus was tempted by the devil. We find this was 
 Thursday, by counting back from the marriage-day 
 (John ii, 1-11), which, for a maiden, by uniform custom, 
 was Wednesday.* 
 
 STUDY IV.— Third Day. 
 
 Read John i, 29-34. "On the morrow," namely, 
 Friday, John bears this first testimony to "the Lamb of 
 God." 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the course of Christ from Bethabara to 
 Oana and Capernaum, and then to Jerusalem by the route east 
 of the Jordan. 
 
 Harmony. — Study IV. Exodus from Wilderness to First 
 Sojourn in Capernaum. John i, 29 — ii, 12. 
 
 STUDY IV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead John i, 35-42. "Again on the morrow," 
 namely, Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. The other "one 
 of the two that heard John speak," verse forty, was 
 doubtless John the apostle, the writer of this Gospel. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 308-364; Geikie I, 427-466; Stalker, 50-52; 
 Andrews, 155-165; Farrar, 75-98; Ehees, sees. 97-105. 
 
 STUDY IV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead John i, 43-51. "On the morrow," namely, 
 Sunday. Dwell on the record of "personal evangelism" 
 given yesterday and to-day. 
 
 * Edersheim, Vol. I, pp. 339, 845. 
 
Opening Events of Christ's Ministry. 43 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The attractiveness of Jesus' personality. Luke ii, 52; 
 John i, 35-49; Mark v, 18; x, 13; Luke x, 39; John xii, 19-21; 
 Luke xxiv, 28-32. 
 
 2. Where did Nathanael live, and how far was it from Naz- 
 ai-eth? John ii, 1, 2. 
 
 3. Jewish wedding. How did a Judean and a Galilean wed- 
 ding differ? Oxford Bible ; Bib. Diet., " Marriage ;" Edersheim 
 I, 354, 355 ; Geikie I, 472-474. 
 
 4. The two sites for Cana and Capernaum. Bib. Diet. ; 
 Andrews, 163, 224; Edersheim I, 355,356; 365,366; Geikie I, 
 471-485. 
 
 STUDY IV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John ii, 1-12, '^The third day" from Sun- 
 day, namely, Wednesday. This is the first of seven 
 *' signs" or miracles given in the first twelve chapters of 
 John, revealing Christ's "glory," and related to the 
 ever-present claim of his Deity. Go beneath all the sur- 
 face incidents and feel the sense of his Divine power 
 working amid normal, joyous life. What does it teach us ? 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What language or languages did Jesus probably speak? 
 Edersheim I, 10, 130, 253 top. 
 
 2. Why did Jesus give Peter a new name? Rhees, sec. 19, 
 and the commentaries. 
 
 3. Explain Nathanael's sudden change of attitude toward 
 Jesus. Farrar, chap. 10. 
 
 4. Was the promise about the angels intended to be taken 
 literally, and was it fulfilled in Nathanael's life? 
 
 5. Briefly portray the provinces and people of Judea and 
 Galilee. Bible Diet.; Hist. Geo. H. L., 259-320, 413-435j 
 Stalker, 67 ; Farrar, 92-98. 
 
44 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY IV.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John i, 45, 46. 
 
 Write in Harmony a full list of the titles applied to 
 Christ in the Gospel section for the "week, and see if you 
 can give from memory all the "Opening Events of 
 Christ's Ministry." 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 *'One of the two that heard John speak, and followed 
 him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. He findeth 
 first his own brother, Simon, and saith unto him, We 
 have found the Messiah." 
 
 Since becoming a Christian, have I ever led any one 
 to Christ? Have I ever spoken of him to my relatives 
 or my friends and acquaintances? What keeps us from 
 doing what was the natural thing with Andrew? Read 
 James v, 20. 
 
PAET III. 
 
 EARLY JUDEAN AND GALILEAN 
 MINISTEY. 
 
 FIFTH "WEEK. 
 
 AT JERUSALEM— FIEST CLEANSING OF TEM- 
 PLE—DISCOURSE WITH NICODEMUS. 
 
 STUDY v.— First Day. 
 
 The Jews' passover being nigh at hand, Jesus has now christ At- 
 come to Jerusalem. It was early spring, in the month p^^^over. 
 of April, A. D. 27.* A month before the feast the bridges 
 and roads had been repaired, and the sepulchers had been 
 whitened to prevent accidental pollution to the traveler. 
 As the day of the feast approached, great multitudes be- 
 gan to move in the direction of the Holy City. Jews 
 from all nations were going up to sacrifice and to pay 
 their temple tax. Josephus says that A. D. 65 there 
 were three million Jews at the feast, f and that at the pass- 
 over in the reign of Nero there were two million seven 
 hundred thousand present, and that two hundred and 
 fifty-six thousand five hundred lambs were slain. "All 
 the sects of Judea, all the tribes of Israel, all the nation- 
 
 * Andrews, p. 169. + Hastings, Vol. Ill, p. 691. 
 45 
 
46 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 alities of the earth, were present. The Syrian Jew was 
 there; the Jew from Egypt; Jews from the Rhine — in 
 short, Jews from all East countries, and all West coun- 
 tries, and all the islands of the sea, were present." With 
 this vast company Jesus went up to Jerusalem to cele- 
 brate the first passover since his baptism. It was a mo- 
 mentous occasion. Should Jesus begin his public min- 
 istry, suddenly appearing in the temple, declaring, "The 
 kingdom of heaven is at hand?" Many abuses had 
 crept into the Jewish Church ; should he now begin the 
 work of reformation? Much heresy was being taught; 
 should he clarify their doctrines ? 
 
 Cieaasesthe The first thing Jesus did was to cleanse the temple. 
 Temple. ^ ^ 
 
 In the outer court, the court of the Gentiles, Jesus no- 
 ticed great confusion. Herdsmen were there with oxen 
 and sheep, which they sold for sacrificial services. Sellers 
 of pigeons stood ready to supply doves to poor women 
 coming for purification. Those who sold were shouting 
 the merits of animals and birds. Doves were cooing, 
 sheep were bleating, cattle were lowing, and the people 
 were wasting many words in buying and selling. 
 
 At the feast it was also customary for the people to 
 pay their temple tax, and make a free-will offering for 
 the house of the Lord. Coming from all provinces and 
 all nations, they brought the coin of their own realm. 
 That Palestinian Jews, as well as those from abroad, 
 might obtain the exact half-shekel of the sanctuary, 
 which the officials would expect as the temple tax, ex- 
 change was necessary. For this purpose stalls were 
 opened a month before the feast at Jerusalem, and even 
 in every country town.* There was no need that the traf- 
 
 *Geikle, Vol. I, p. 471 ; Edersheim, Vol. I, p. 867. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 47 
 
 fickers and the money-changers should invade the temple 
 courts. Not only had they done so, but gross abuses had 
 arisen, and extortion was freely practiced. For this 
 reason the money-makers and the people, who were sus- 
 picious of fraud, spent much time in arguing, disputing, 
 quarreling, and bargaining. Such traffic Christ looked 
 upon as a terrible desecration, and such practices as none 
 other than robbery. Jesus, therefore, " made a scourge 
 of cords, and cast all out of the temple, both the sheep 
 and the oxen ; and he poured out the changers' money, 
 and overthrew their tables ; and to them that sold doves 
 he said, Take these things hence ; make not my Father's 
 house a house of merchandise." 
 
 The cleansing of the temple created such a sensation Many Believe. 
 that multitudes gathered about Jesus, unto whom he 
 spoke and before whom he performed certain unrecorded 
 miracles, and " Many believed on his name, beholding his 
 signs which he did." Among those upon whom convic- Discourse 
 tion settled was one Nicodemus, a Pharisee, and a mem- „ *s. '^'*'°**^" 
 ber of the Jerusalem Sanhedrin, who came to Jesus by 
 night to learn the way of life. To him Jesus delivered 
 the wonderful discourse in John iii, 1-21, on the new 
 birth. 
 
 Here is an opportunity for word-picturing. Half 
 the significance of the Nicodemus incident is depend- 
 ent upon a vivid realization of the circumstances. 
 
 STUDY v.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead John ii, 13-22. Fix some of the special features 
 of John's Gospel. It was written about A. D. 100,* per- 
 
 *Godet on John, Vol. I, p. 167; Moflfatt, The Historical New Tes- 
 tament (1901), pp. 495, 496. 
 
48 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 haps twenty years after the latest of the Synoptic (what 
 does "Synoptic" mean?) Gospels, and largely presents 
 material not found in them. It shows Jesus attending 
 the Feasts at Jerusalem, and so gives his ministry in 
 Judea. It seems to have been written specially for the 
 Church universal. It reveals the Deity of Christ, and 
 contains many of his greatest discourses. Everywhere in 
 it we see faith and unbelief, respecting Christ, contend- 
 ing for mastery in men's hearts. About this contest 
 center its great words, such as, "believe," "know," 
 "judge," "witness," "the light," "the truth," "glory," 
 "glorify," "the Son," "eternal life."* 
 
 STUDY v.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead John ii, 23-25, having in mind the key-points 
 given yesterday. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 
 Harmony, 
 
 Prepare the map for Part III. 
 
 Hakmony. — Part III. Early Judean and Galilean Minis- 
 try. — From the Public Appearance of Jesus in Jerusalem until 
 the Choosing of the Twelve. Study V. — At Jerusalem. — First 
 Cleansing of Temple. — Discourse with Nicodemus. John ii, 
 13— iii, 21. 
 
 STUDY v.— Foiu-th Day. 
 
 Eead John iii, 1-21, and write in the Harmony, after 
 each of the following words, the number of times (count- 
 ing all forms) it is found in the passage: " know," " be- 
 lieve," "judge," "the light." 
 
 General References, 
 
 Edersheim I, 365-389; Geikie I, 467-482; Stalker, 52, 53; 
 Andrews, 167-171; Farrar, 98-108; Rhees, sees. 114-119. 
 
 Farrar, The Messages of the Books, pp. 94-117, 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 49 
 
 STUDY v.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read John iii, 1-8, weighing each phrase most care- 
 fully. For the meaning of "born of water," see Matt, 
 iii, 11; Luke vii, 30. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The boldness of Jesus. Luke ii, 46 ; John ii, 13-16 ; Mark 
 ii, 15, 16; John vi, 59, 61, 66; Luke xiii, 31, 32; John xi, 7, 8, 16; 
 Matt, xxiii, 13-36 ; John xviii, 3-5 ; xix, 9-11. 
 
 2. The temple at Jerusalem (Herod's), and its courts. 
 Draw a gi-ound-plan of same. Edersheim I, 114, 120 ; Geikie I, 
 95, 96 ; Oxford Bible ; Bib. Diet. 
 
 3. The date, or season, in the year, of the Passover. Ox- 
 ford Bible ; Bib. Diet. ; Andrews, 169 ; Rhees, sec. 49. 
 
 4. The Sanhedrin and its membership. Oxford Bible ; Bib. 
 Diet. 
 
 5. What is the point of the simile about the wind? John 
 iii, 8. 
 
 6. Is John iii, 1-5, most appropriate for reading to the self- 
 righteous, or to the outcast? State reasons for your opinion. 
 
 STUDY v.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John iii, 16-21. The great saving truths of 
 the gospel are combined in this first verse. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Make a list of the Feasts of the Jews, and note the sig- 
 nificance of each. Oxford Bible; Bib. Diet. ; Edersheim I, 229. 
 
 2. Were the temple priests in any waj connected with the 
 traffic carried on in the temple? Edersheim I, 369-371. 
 
 3. What kind of money was used ? Oxford Bible ; Eders- 
 heim 1, 367, 368. 
 
 4. How were the priests paid? Deut. xviii, 1-8 ; Muirhead's 
 Times of Christ, 81. 
 
 4 
 
5© Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 5. Give your estimate of the character or qualities of Nico- 
 demus as a man and, perhaps, a disciple. Bead John vii, 50 ; 
 xix, 39. 
 
 STUDY v.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John iii, 16, and write in the Harmony why 
 it may be considered the most notable verse in the Bible. 
 Write your statement, based on Scriptural teaching, of 
 what constitutes the New Birth. 
 
 Personal Thouglit. 
 
 "Except a man be born anew, he can not see the 
 kingdom of God." Have I the evidence that fully sat- 
 isfies me that the experience of the New Birth is mine ? 
 Read 2 Cor. v, 17; Gal. vi, 15; Rom. viii, 14-16. 
 
PART ni,— SIXTH -WEEK. 
 
 JEEUSALEM TO CAPERNAUM— JESUS MAKES 
 
 DISCIPLES IN JUDEA— DISCOURSE^ AT 
 
 SYCHAR AND NAZARETH. 
 
 STUDY VI.— First Day. 
 
 After a most eventful passover at Jerusalem, and a Christ 
 somewhat lengthy preaching tour through Judea, Jesus Throuoh 
 returned to Galilee. St. John declares: "And he must ^^'"^'■'* 
 needs pass through Samaria. So he cometh to a city of 
 Samaria, called Sychar, . . . and Jacob's well was 
 there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, 
 sat by the well. It was about the sixth hour." The 
 most direct route to Galilee ran north through the de- 
 spised province of Samaria; but because of the general 
 hatred for its inhabitants, the people of Judea usually 
 followed the road along the Jordan River, praying God 
 that their eyes might never fall on a Samaritan. This 
 enmity between Judea and Samaria dated back to the 
 separation of the ten tribes from Judah, under Reho- 
 boam, and was so intense that since the days of the 
 prophet Hosea, more than seven hundred and fifty years 
 before, it had been unsafe for Jewish travelers to pass 
 through the border districts. The population of Samaria 
 was a mixture of Jewish and Gentile blood. They ac- 
 cepted the Mosaic law, built themselves a temple which 
 rivaled the one at Jerusalem, and claimed for Mount 
 
 51 
 
52 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Gerizim a greater holiness than Mount Moriah.* It was 
 through this often unsafe and always despised country 
 that Jesus journeyed toward Galilee. 
 Meets Wo- About noon he reached a well near the city of Sychar, 
 
 man at the "^ "^ 
 
 Well, and rested under the shade of the trees while his dis- 
 ciples went to the town to purchase food. Presently a 
 humble woman came to the well to draw water with which 
 to fill her goatskin vessel. Jesus began the conversation 
 by asking a favor of the woman, saying unto her, "Give 
 me to drink." Then followed a most skillful discourse 
 which so convicted this sinful woman that she became a 
 witness for Christ, and many of her neighbors and towns- 
 people believed and "besought him that he would tarry 
 with them : and he abode there two days. And many 
 more believed because of his word." 
 Again Visits From Sychar, Jesus passed into Galilee, and visited 
 Cana a second time. The news of his popularity in Judea 
 and his miracles and preaching in Judea had been carried 
 back to Galilee by those who attended the passover, and 
 many of the people were anxious for his return. Among 
 others, a certain nobleman, who lived at Capernaum, 
 twenty miles away, had heard of this wonderful Teacher, 
 and learning that he was again in Cana, went there, "and 
 besought him that he would come down, and heal his 
 son; for he was at the point of death." "Jesus saith 
 unto him, Go thy way; thy son liveth." Believing the 
 words of Jesus, he went his way, and as he returned his 
 servants met him, saying, "Thy son liveth. So he in- 
 quired of them the hour when he began to amend. They 
 said therefore unto him, Yesterday at the seventh hour 
 the fever left him. So the father knew that it was at 
 
 *Gelkle, Vol. I, p. 495. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 53 
 
 that hour in which Jesus said unto him, Thy son liveth : 
 
 and himself believed, and his whole house." 
 
 From Cana, Christ went to Nazareth, the home of his Rejected at 
 
 Nazareth* 
 
 childhood. There among his old neighbors and friends 
 
 Jesus formally opened his public ministry, announcing 
 himself as the promised Messiah. "And he entered, as 
 his custom was, into the synagogue on the sabbath day 
 and stood up to read. And there was delivered unto him 
 the book of the prophet Isaiah. And he opened the 
 book, and found the place where it was written, The 
 Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he anointed me 
 to preach good tidings to the poor: he hath sent me to 
 proclaim release to the captives, and recovering of sight 
 to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, to 
 proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord. And he closed 
 the book, and began to say unto them. To-day hath this 
 scripture been fulfilled in your ears." The first impres- 
 sion was one of admiring wonder. But when Jesus did 
 not respond to their craving for miraculous signs, and 
 was forced to cite the benefits bestowed on Gentile faith 
 by Old Testament prophets, "they were all filled with 
 wrath in the synagogue, . . . and they rose up, and cast 
 him forth out of the city." 
 
 Having been rejected at Nazareth, and having escaped Removes to 
 the mob, Jesus went to Capernaum, which became his ^p^™*""** 
 headquarters through all the remaining period of his 
 Galilean ministry. 
 
 In the study of the work of the coming week, 
 which is mostly in the Gospel of John, remember 
 that scholars find evidences of design in the whole 
 
54 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 structure of the Gospels, and that it will open up to 
 the alert and patient student in the most unexpected 
 manner. 
 
 STUDY VI.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead John iii, 22; iv, 1, 2, and note that Christ here 
 takes up for a time a work among the people preparatory 
 to his future ministry, much like that of John the 
 Baptist.* 
 
 STUDY VI.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead John iii, 23-36. Notwithstanding the likeness 
 of Jesus' work to John's at this time, and its increasing 
 popularity, mark the absolute loyalty of the latter. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the course of Jesus from Jerusalem to 
 northeastern Judea, supposed to be the region where his dis- 
 ciples baptized, thence to Sychar, Cana, Nazareth, and Caper- 
 naum. 
 
 Harmony. — Study VI. Jerusalem to Capernaum. — Jesus 
 Makes Disciples in Judea. — Discourses at Sychar and Nazareth. 
 Matt, iv, 12-17 ; Mark i, 14, 16 ; Luke iv, 14-31 ; John iii, 22— iv, 54. 
 
 STUDY VI.— Potarth Day. 
 
 Read John iv, 1-26, dwelling on the skill and effect- 
 iveness of Christ in personal work. Fix the additional 
 key-point that in John's Gospel the sphere of Christ's 
 work is specially the individual soul. Even the dis- 
 courses are largely conversations with one person or a 
 group. Recall already Nathanael, Nicodemus, and this 
 woman. 
 
 ♦Andrews, pp. 176, 177. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 55 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 390-459, 655-661; Geikie I, 483-515; Stalker, 
 57-61 ; Andrews, 171-189 ; 215-243 ; Farrar, 108-125. 
 
 STUDY VI.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead John iv, 27-42, and write in the Harmony the 
 things which you see giving Jesus power as a personal 
 worker. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in 01ass-"work. 
 
 1. The attitude of Jesus toward women. Luke ii, 48-51 ; 
 John ii,l-5, 12; iv,7-39; Mark i,30,31; Luke vii, 37-50; viii,2,3; 
 Matt. XV, 21-28 ; Luke x, 38-42 ; John xi ; Mark xiv, 3-9 ; xii, 41- 
 44 ; Luke xxiii, 27-29 ; John xx, 11-18. 
 
 2. The history of the Samaritans. Edersheim I, 395-403; 
 Geikie I, 322, 323 ; 521-524; Ehees, sec. 14; Oxford Bible. 
 
 8. The arrangements, oflRcials, and service of the synagogue. 
 Oxford Bible ; Edersheim I, 430-436 ; Geikie I, 184-187 ; Ehees, 
 sec. 15. 
 
 4. When, in the course of this lesson, does the imprison- 
 ment of John the Baptist take place? Andrews, 182; Eder- 
 sheim I, 656-659. 
 
 5. Where was he imprisoned? by what Herod? and for 
 what cause? Geikie I, 420, 421. 
 
 6. Why did Jesus plainly reveal himself as the Messiah to 
 the woman at the well, while at the same time he strictly 
 charged his disciples to tell no man that he was the Christ? 
 What difference in the conception of the office and work of the 
 Messiah, as held by this woman (John iv, 25), and that held by 
 Jews in general? Edersheim I, 418 ; Geikie I, 529. 
 
 STUDY Vl.-Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John iv, 43-54. Note that this Gospel numbers 
 the healing of the nobleman's son as the "second sign," 
 and that it develops faith toward Christ. 
 
56 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What caused the feud between the Jews and Samaritans ? 
 Edersheim I, 401-403. 
 
 2. Did the Samaritans look for a Messiah? 
 
 3. What two great truths did Jesus unfold to the woman of 
 Samaria ? 
 
 4. Had Jesus announced his Messiahship before doing so at 
 Nazareth? If so, where? 
 
 5. From what chapter in Isaiah did he read ? 
 
 STUDY VI.— Seventh Day, 
 
 Memorize John iv, 23, 24. 
 Read Luke iv, 16-31. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 Should any sinner say to me, " Sir, give me this water 
 that I thirst not," have I anything to give ? 
 
 Do I know how to do personal work for Christ ? 
 Have I ever studied the life of Christ and the word of 
 God, that I may learn how to bring people into the king- 
 dom ? Read 2 Tim. ii, 15. 
 
PART III.— SEVENTH WEEK. 
 
 CALL OF THE FOUE TO FIEST PEEACHING 
 TOUE IN^ GALILEE. 
 
 STUDY VII.— First Day. 
 
 Some have supposed that Christ's mother had trans- Christ's 
 
 Mother and 
 
 f erred her own residence with her son s to Capernaum; Home. 
 others that he made his home with Simon Peter, whose 
 house was always open to the disciples. 
 
 One day, while walking by the Sea of Galilee, Jesus Second Caii 
 
 of the Disci- 
 saw two brethren — Simon, called Peter, and Andrew, his pies. 
 
 brother — casting a net into the sea ; for they were fisher- 
 men. And he said unto them, " Come ye after me, and 
 I will make you fishers of men." "And going on from 
 thence he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zeb- 
 edee, and John his brother, . . . and he called them. 
 And they straightway left the boat, . . . and followed 
 him." This event proved to be one of the turning points 
 of history ; for these Galilean fishermen were to lay the 
 foundations of the Christian Church. 
 
 The Sabbath-day approached, and, as his custom was, Sabbath of 
 
 Miracles. 
 
 he entered the synagogue and began to teach, "and they 
 
 were astonished at his teaching: for his word was with 
 
 authority." The morning service in the synagogue began 
 
 at nine o'clock, and the news that this new rabbi was 
 
 57 
 
58 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 in the city doubtless attracted large crowds of people. 
 Those who heard him were amazed. Other rabbis talked 
 about washings, and tithes, and circumcision, and the 
 kind of wood to be used at the altar, and other trivial 
 rabbinical rules. Jesus spoke of the essentials which con- 
 stitute Christian living, and stirred the very depths of 
 the heart. But they were not alone astonished at what he 
 said, but equally so at the manifest power of his words. 
 There was present in the audience a ' ' man 'with an un- 
 clean spirit," who, when he heard Jesus speak, arose, 
 *'and cried out, . . . Ah! What have we to do with 
 thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth ? Art thou come to destroy 
 us ? I know thee who thou art, the Holy one of God. 
 And Jesus rebuked him, saying. Hold thy peace, and 
 come out of him. And he came out of him, having done 
 him no hurt. . . . And there went forth a rumor con- 
 cerning him into every place of the region round about." 
 Peter's wife's This incident was so startling and unexpected that it 
 
 Mother re- • « • t t t i • • 
 
 stored, broke up the service for a time, and Jesus and his dis- 
 ciples retired to Simon's house. Entering this hospitable 
 home, he found Simon's wife's mother violently sick with 
 a fever. Anxious friends besought his assistance, and, 
 going into the chamber, he bent over the sick woman, 
 *'and took her by the hand, and raised her up; and the 
 fever left her, and she ministered unto them." The 
 news of a second miracle stirred the people in all parts 
 of the city, " and when the sun was setting, all they that 
 had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto 
 him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and 
 healed them." The blind returned to their home see- 
 ing, the dumb shouted for joy, and those who had been 
 possessed of devils thanked God for release. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 59 
 
 The night which followed this busy and eventful TourinEast- 
 
 ^ ern Galilee. 
 
 Sabbath-day of miracle-working brought no rest to 
 Christ, although he was weary in body and mind. For 
 this reason, he arose from his couch "a great while be- 
 fore day, . . . and departed into a desert place, and there 
 prayed." When morning dawned the disciples missed 
 their Master, and soon the people began to assemble, 
 again bringing their sick. The disciples, not knowing 
 what to do, hastened in search of Jesus. "And they 
 found him, and say unto him. All are seeking thee. And 
 he saith unto them. Let us go elsewhere into the next 
 towns, that I may preach there also; for to this end 
 came I forth. And he went into their synagogues 
 throughout all Galilee, preaching and casting out devils." 
 It was during this tour that a leper was cleansed. 
 
 Cultivate your imagination. Get into the habit of 
 dwelling on these events until you can see them 
 vividly. 
 
 STUDY VII.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Luke v, 1-11, and see how full is Luke's account 
 of the call of the four leading disciples, as compared 
 with Mark i, 16-20, and Matt, iv, 18-22. Think of 
 Mark as written about A. D. 70, Matthew A. D. 75, 
 Luke A. D. 80.* 
 
 *Moffatt, The Historical New Testament, ipp. 273; Hastings on 
 the three Gospels. 
 
6o Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY VII.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Mark i, 16-20. Fix some of tlie key-points of 
 Mark's Gospel.* It is first in time of the four, at least in 
 their present form. It is the shortest, having least of 
 the matter of discourses. Its author was least prominent 
 of the four Gospel writers; yet very early tradition 
 places Peter's preaching and thought back of much of 
 Mark's record. All is intense, rapid action. It makes 
 Jesus the Divine Worker, moving with power, yet with 
 great humility and compassion. The style is graphic, 
 the writer a word-painter. The narrative goes onward 
 like the march of a Eoman legion; "and " begins almost 
 every chapter and paragraph, and "straightway" occurs 
 about forty times. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the tour through eastern Galilee and 
 return to Capernaum. 
 
 Harmony. — Study VII. Call of the Four to First Preach- 
 ing Tour in Galilee. Matt, iv, 18-22 ; viii, 14-17 ; viii, 2-4 ; Mark 
 i, 16-45 ; Luke v, 1-16 ; iv, 32-44. 
 
 STUDY VII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Mark i, 21-34, holding in mind the key-points 
 of yesterday. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 472-498; Geikie I, 515-518; II, 1-16; Stalker 
 61-90 ; Andrews, 245-252 ; Farrar, 125-131, 145-147. 
 
 ♦Hastings on Mark; Farrar, The Messages of the Books, pp. 53-66. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 6i 
 
 STUDY Vn.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Mark i, 35-45. Notice the evidence of Jesus' 
 prayer-life. Find other instances where Jesus prayed. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in 01ass--work. 
 
 1. The prayer-life of Jesus. Matt, vi, 9-13 ; John xi, 41, 42 ; 
 Matt, xiv, 23; Luke v, 16; Mark i, 35; John xvii; Matt, xxvi, 
 36, 39. 
 
 2. The business of fishing on the Sea of Galilee. Hist. Geo. 
 H. L., 462, 463; Edersheim I, 473, 474. 
 
 3. The eases of possession with spirits in the time of Christ. 
 Edersheim I, 478-484; Rhees, sees. 142-144; Nevins, Demon 
 Possession and Allied Themes; Sanday; Hast. Bib. Diet. H, 
 624, 625. 
 
 4. Prevalence of leprosy in the far East. Why is sin com- 
 pared to leprosy ? Bib. Diet. ; Edersheim I, 491-495 ; Geikie II, 
 13-15. 
 
 STUDY VII.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark i, 9-45, and enter in the Harmony the 
 number of times " straightway" is found. 
 
 Questions for "Written Ans"wers. 
 
 1. AVhy did Christ call the disciples a second time? See 
 Commentaries. 
 
 2. How many of the Twelve were fishermen ? 
 
 3. Was it customary for rabbis to gather disciples about 
 them? 
 
 4. What was a rabbi? Oxford Bible; Geikie I, 71-74; 
 II, 21, 22. 
 
 STUDY vn.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Luke v, 4, 5. 
 
 Study Peter as the type of man whom Jesus finally 
 
62 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 selects here to be the first of his permanent attendants. 
 Can you see Peter's temperament and spirit reflected in, 
 Mark's Gospel? 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And in the morning, a great while before day, he 
 rose up and went out, and departed into a desert place, 
 and there prayed." 
 
 This was on Monday, after a Sabbath when unusual 
 demands were made upon the physical nature, and the 
 sympathy and spiritual power of Jesus. 
 
 Am I most prayerful when I have most to do ? 
 
 Bead Luke x, 38-42 ; xi, 1. 
 
PART ni. -EIGHTH WEEK. 
 
 AT CAPERNAUM —PARALYTIC CURED — 
 MATTHEW CALLED. 
 
 STUDY Vm.— First Day. 
 
 Returning from his tour through eastern Galilee, The Paralytic 
 Christ continued his ministry in Capernaum. The first 
 recorded event is the healing of the man sick of the 
 palsy. Jesus was preaching in Simon's house, and the 
 people had crowded around him, filling the inner rooms, 
 and gallery, and court, and hallway, and probably throng- 
 ing the street. When four men came carrying the par- 
 alytic, there was no room remaining for approach unto 
 Jesus. What should be done ? Should they wait until 
 the multitude dispersed? Should they wait for a more 
 auspicious occasion ? They decided quickly what to do. 
 Outside the house was a stairway, by which they ascended 
 to the roof. Reaching the roof over the place where 
 Jesus stood, they lifted off the tiles, removed the light 
 woodwork which supported them, and lowered their 
 friend into the presence of the Divine Healer. Jesus, 
 seeing their faith, said unto the sick of the palsy, ** Man, 
 thy sins are forgiven thee." 
 
 Going forth "by the seaside," passing by the "place TheCaiiof 
 
 Matthew. 
 
 of toll," Jesus saw a publican named Matthew, or Levi, 
 
 the son of Alphaeus, collecting revenues for the Roman 
 
 63 
 
64 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 government. These tax-gatherers were always hated by 
 the Jews, to whom paying tribute to a Gentile govern- 
 ment was exceedingly obnoxioiis, and for a Jew like Levi- 
 Matthew to engage in such a business was to be excom- 
 municated forever from fellowship with his people. The 
 publicans were classed with robbers and murderers, and 
 no strict Jew would eat or hold intercourse with them. 
 Considerable is known concerning this system of revenue. 
 Edersheim declares that the ground tax was one-tenth of 
 all grain and one-fifth of all wine and fruit. The in- 
 come tax amounted to one per cent, and there was a poll 
 tax on all persons, bond and free. Besides these staple 
 taxes, there were numerous tolls, and duties, and cus- 
 toms, which made the life of the traveler and those who 
 had commercial transactions almost unbearable. It was 
 exceedingly vexatious to be compelled to pay toll at every 
 gate ; to unload pack animals and submit to every package 
 being opened by customs officers, and to have its contents 
 tumbled about unceremoniously. For these and many 
 other reasons every Jew had a profound dislike for the 
 system, and regarded its agents with aversion. It was to 
 one of these despised publicans to whom Jesus now said, 
 " Follow me." This was a welcome invitation, and Mat- 
 thew "forsook all, and rose up, and followed him." His 
 resignation as a tax-gatherer took effect that very hour, 
 and he became a follower of Jesus. 
 Matthew's As a mark of appreciation, and as an expression of 
 gratitude to Jesus, Levi-Matthew "made him a great 
 feast in his house: and there was a great multitude of 
 publicans and of others that were sitting at meat with 
 them." There seems to have been no difficulty in secur- 
 ing the presence of the publicans on this occasion. The 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 65 
 
 treatment accorded Matthew by Jesus was so different 
 from that which he or any of them had ever received, 
 that they ghidly came. Matthew had been an outcast 
 from Jewish society, although a Jew by birth. They had 
 thrust him out of their synagogue, and the rabbis, sitting 
 in judgment on his case, had declared that repentance 
 was well-nigh imjiossible. It will be seen, therefore, 
 that the call of Matthew made a great stir in Jewish 
 circles. The case was too flagrant to be overlooked, and 
 when Jesus condescended to dine with them that day, 
 the Pharisees could not resist the opportunity of attack, 
 and they ask, "Why eateth your Master with the pub- 
 licans and sinners? But when he heard it, he said, 
 They that are whole have no need of a physician, but 
 they that are sick!" 
 
 At about this time some of the disciples of John ask Questions 
 
 about 
 
 a question about fasting, to which Jesus replies in three Fasting. 
 brief parable-germs, showing that the spirit of the new 
 kingdom can not be combined with the old. 
 
 It is often a good drill to reshape the material 
 in your mind to adapt it to the comprehension of 
 a little child. 
 
 STUDY VIII.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Luke v, 17-26. Note how many prominent but 
 unfriendly witnesses were present, yet the strong faith of 
 the four friends and the paralytic, and Christ's demon- 
 stration of his Divine power to forgive sins. 
 
 STUDY VIII.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Mark ii, 1-12, and see the many graphic touches. 
 Notice verse one, margin, "at home." 
 
66 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Look up and mark on the map (in a different color than for 
 the journeys of Christ) the main routes of travel and commerce 
 centering about the Sea of Galilee and Capernaum. 
 
 Harmony. — Study VIII. At Capernaum. — Paralytic Cured. 
 —Matthew Called. Matt, ix, 2-17 ; Mark ii, 1-22 ; Luke v, 17-39. 
 
 STUDY VIII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, ix, 1-13. Picture to yourself the impor- 
 tance of Matthew's call. This publican was to be the cue 
 who should put in writing the " sayings " of Christ, prob- 
 ably as early as A. D. 55-65; and his collection of these 
 in Aramaic, Christ's native language, is supposed to have 
 given us nearly all the discourses common to the Syn- 
 optic Gospels.* Think, then, of Peter as first giving us 
 the deeds of Christ in Mark's Gospel, and Matthew his 
 words or discourses. Later, Luke and John will add their 
 special parts to these, all combining through the Holy 
 Spirit to present the full knowledge of Jesus' life, and 
 words, and saving work. 
 
 General References, 
 
 Edersheim I, 499-522, 661-665; Geikie II, 17-37; Stalker, 
 61-99 ; Andrews, 239, 252-255, 303, 304 ; Farrar, 227-229, 131-133. 
 
 STUDY VIII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Luke v, 27-32, and see that Luke, and not Mat- 
 thew, lets us know that the feast was given by Matthew. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-work. 
 
 1. Christ's wisdom and skill in the control of men. Matt, iii, 
 15 ; John i, 42, 47-51 ; iii, 3 ; Luke vii, 40 ; Mark vi, 7 ; Matt, xvi, 
 
 *The Historical New Testament, pp. 265, 273; Meyer on Matthew 
 pp. 9-31. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 67 
 
 17, 18, 23 ; John vii, 8, 9, 14, 46 ; Luke xix, 1-10 ; Mark xii, 13-37 ; 
 xiii; John xiii, 21-30; Luke xxii, 61, 62; John xix, 26, 27; xx, 
 26-29; xxi, 1-23. 
 
 2. The architecture of the Jewish house. Bib. Diet. 
 
 3. The Roman method of collecting, or "farming," the 
 taxes and revenues. Edersheim 1, 515-517 ; Bib. Diet., " Taxes," 
 
 4. Fastings in the Mosaic law and in rabbinic teaching. Ox- 
 ford Bible ; Bib. Diet. ; Edersheim I, 662f. 
 
 5. Discuss parable about new wine in old bottles. (Com- 
 pare the views of various commentaries. See Bruce's Training 
 of the Twelve, 75f.) 
 
 6. What was the practical purpose of Jesus, in adding 
 the saying about the man who had drunken old wine ? (Luke 
 V, 39.) 
 
 STUDY Vin.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark xii, 18-32, and fix who is meant by the 
 "bridegroom," and what by the new cloth and the 
 new wine. Note that Jesus thus early again indicates 
 his violent death.* See John ii, 19-22. 
 
 Questions for "Written Ans-wers. 
 
 1. What diseases were prevalent in Palestine? Bible Diet., 
 " Medicine." 
 
 2. How do you explain the sudden call and prompt decision 
 of Matthew? 
 
 3. Is there any indication that other publicans followed 
 Jesus? 
 
 4. Ascertain the popular opinion concerning publicans. 
 Eead Matt, xviii, 17; xxi, 31; Luke xviii, 11. 
 
 5. Has fasting a place among Christian duties? If so, give 
 the New Testament proof-texts. 
 
 STUDY VIII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Luke xxiv, xxv. 
 
 * Edersheim, Vol. I, p. 664. 
 
68 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 " Son, thy sins are forgiven." What are the Scrip- 
 tural conditions of forgiveness of sins ? Do I believe 
 that Christ has power on earth freely to forgive sin if the 
 conditions are met ? 
 
 Is there any other way whereby I may be free from 
 the guilt of sin ? Do I have knowledge that my sins are 
 forgiven ? Is not such knowledge priceless ? 
 
 " To him give all the prophets witness, that through 
 his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remis- 
 sion of sins." (Authorized Version.) Read 1 John ii, 1-6. 
 
PART III.— NINTH TVEEK. 
 
 WORKS OF MERCY AND NECESSITY ON 
 THE SABBATH. 
 
 STUDY IX.— First Day. 
 
 * 'After these things there was a feast of the Jews; and Jesus at Je- 
 Jesus went up to Jerusalem." It is not known what this 
 feast was. Some have called it the Passover, others Pen- 
 tecost, still others the Feast of Tabernacles. Little is also 
 known about what happened at the unknown feast. 
 
 One incident is related, the curing of the infirm man Heals infirm 
 at the Pool of Bethesda, but this one incident stirred the 
 City of Jerusalem from center to circumference. Hear- 
 ing, perhaps, that many blind, and lame, and infirm were 
 congregated about this pool, Jesus found his way there, 
 and when his eyes fell on the poor, sad creatures, he had 
 compassion on them. " Now there is in Jerusalem by the 
 sheep gate a pool, which is called in Hebrew Bethesda, 
 having five porches. In these lay a multitude of them 
 that were sick, blind, halt, withered. And a certain man 
 was there, which had been thirty and eight years in his 
 infirmity. When Jesus saw him lying, and knew that he 
 had been now a long time in that case, he saith unto him, 
 Wouldest thou be made whole ? The sick man answered 
 him, Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to 
 
 put me into the pool. . . , Jesus saith unto him, Arise, 
 
 69 
 
JO Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 take up thy bed, and walk." The thing which stirred 
 Jerusalem most on this occasion was not that a great 
 miracle had been performed, but that it had been per- 
 formed on the Sabbath-day, and, therefore, a serious 
 crime had been committed by Jesus. Not that any of 
 God's laws concerning the Sabbath had been broken, but 
 laws which the rabbis had made had been infringed 
 upon. To understand the growing contest between 
 Jesus and the Jewish Church, it must be remembered 
 that the authorities of the Church had added much to 
 the simple commands of God through Moses. Their 
 comments upon, and their interpretation of, the law, as 
 expounded in the Talmud, Mishna, and Gemara, were 
 purely man-made; but such was their authority in the 
 Church that the rabbis had actually usurped the place of 
 Moses, and their interpretations were regarded in many 
 cases as more important than the direct commands of 
 God. Jesus believed that the " Sabbath was made for 
 man, and not man for the Sabbath." The Jew said, 
 " Keep the minutest detail of the ritual if you would be 
 approved." Jesus the Christ said, "Be pure in heart, 
 have right motives, give thyself to philanthropy and 
 benevolence." The Jew said, " Church service." Jesus 
 said, *' Heart service." For this reason, Jesus responded 
 freely to the needs of humanity on the Sabbath. But 
 when the Jews saw the impotent man, mingling with 
 the crowd, carrying his mat or rug rolled up under his 
 arm, they said, "It is the sabbath, and it is not lawful 
 for thee to take up thy bed." Then they ask him, " Who 
 is the man that said unto thee, Take up thy bed and 
 walk ?" When the Jews found that it was Jesus who had 
 80 commanded, they sought to kill him. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 71 
 
 Two other events — one illustrating, as does the fore- other Sab- 
 going, the rightfulness on the Sabbath of a work of '*^**' ^'"'"**' 
 mercy or charity, and the other a work of necessity— are 
 placed along with the healing of the infirm man at Jeru- 
 salem, though we do not know so clearly their locality or 
 date. 
 
 It is stated that on a Sabbath-day the disciples were Disciples 
 "an hungred," so, as they passed through the field, they Ora^n.'"^ 
 plucked the ears of grain, called corn, and, rubbing them 
 in their hands, began to eat. This grain was not our 
 Indian corn, but heads of wheat or barley. There were 
 no roads as we have them now, public highways, strongly 
 fenced ; but often the road or pathway led through the 
 grain-fields, and it was not regarded as trespassing for 
 the traveler to pluck the heads of grain for his own sub- 
 sistence, and, while the law forbade one's using the sickle 
 on the Sabbath, there was nothing unlawful about pluck- 
 ing what was necessary for food. 
 
 The restoration "in the synagogue" of a man whose Man with 
 "right hand was withered" is also recorded; but the Hin^d^Re. 
 deed of mercy was performed on the Sabbath-day, and ^*°'"*<'- ' 
 called forth the wrath of the Pharisees, who sought 
 "what they might do to Jesus." 
 
 As you enter upon the week's work, endeavor to 
 impress upon your memory the main facts of the 
 record as a unit. 
 
 STUDY IX.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead John v, and consider thoughtfully the further 
 claim of Deity by Christ, in that he has equal creative 
 
72 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 and quickening power with the Father, and full "au- 
 thority to execute judgment." Notice the double wit- 
 ness of the Father to Christ, («) in the miracles of Christ, 
 (b) in the Scriptures. 
 
 STUDY IX.— Third Day. 
 
 Read continuously (at one reading) John i-v, and 
 write in the Harmony for each chapter a brief chapter- 
 name; as, 1. "First Five Disciples;" 2. "Wedding, 
 Temple." 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map, for Jesus' visit to Jerusalem, one common 
 route from Capei'naum to Jerusalem, and another for the re- 
 turn, as a study of the lines of travel. 
 
 Harmony. — Study IX. Works of Mercy and Necessity on 
 the Sabbath. Matt, xii, 1-14 ; Mark ii, 23— iii, 6 ; Luke vi, 1-11 ; 
 John V, 1-47. 
 
 STUDY IX.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xii, 1-8. Fix carefully in mind this order. 
 While Matthew probably formed a collection in Aramaic 
 ^f the sayings or discourses of Christ from five to ten 
 years before Mark's Gospel was written, our present Gos- 
 pel of Matthew in Greek is supposed to date from five to 
 ten years after the writing of Mark's Gospel. Notice that 
 the Gospel of Matthew is far less chronological* in arrange- 
 ment than that of Mark. It largely brings together the 
 miracles and parables in groups, and gives the discourses 
 without reference to their exact place in the history. 
 Thus, chapters viii and ix record ten principal miracles ; 
 
 *H. G. Weston on Matthew, pp. 15-18. 
 
Early Judean and Galilean Ministry. 73 
 
 chapter xiii, seven parables; and chapter xi, just pre- 
 ceding to-day's section, portions of probably two or three 
 discourses. It is thought by some that the grouping of 
 the material in this way was made for the convenience of 
 the catechumens (who were the catechumens?) in early 
 days, who were accustomed to commit the Gospel to 
 memory. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 460-471, 500; II, 51-62; Geikie II, 86-102; 
 Stalker, 100-101; Andrews, 189-207, 255-262; Farrar, 197-206, 
 233-239. 
 
 STUDY IX.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Mark ii, 23-28, fixing the principle stated in 
 verse 27. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-work. 
 
 1. Some of the Gospel proofs of the Divinity of Christ. John 
 i, 1-4, 14-18; Luke i, 31-35; Matt, ii, 11; iii, 17; John i, 34, 49; 
 iii, 16, 35, 36; Luke iv, 41; v, 20-25; John v, 17, 18, 21-26; Matt, 
 xii, 8; Mark iv, 39; Matt, xvi, 16; Mark ix, 7; John viii, 58; 
 X, 30, 36; Matt, xxvi, 63; xxviii, 17-20; John xx, 31. 
 
 2. The Sabbath according to the Mosaic law. Concordance ; 
 Oxford Bible ; Edersheim II, 52, 56-58 ; Geikie I, 253. 
 
 3. Look up all you can find concerning the Talmud. Bib. 
 Diet. ; Edersheim I, 103, 104. 
 
 4. The cereals of Palestine, Hist. Geo. H. L., 83. 
 
 STUDY IX.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Luke vi, 6-11, and compare it closely with the 
 account in Matthew and Mark. Note Jesus' "anger" 
 (Mark iii, 5), as defined by "grieved." 
 
74 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. Give a list of the gates and pools at Jerusalem, locating 
 them, if you can, by a diagram of the city walls. Hast. Bib. 
 Diet., "Jerusalem." 
 
 2. Three great accusations are brought against Jesus by the 
 Pharisees : 
 
 (1) Why is he called a Sabbath-breaker? Mark i, 21-34, 
 and the passages for this week. 
 
 (2) Why is he called a blasphemer? Mark ii, 6, 7; John 
 X, 30-38. 
 
 (3) Why is he called a sinner? Mark ii, 16. 
 
 3. State the case of the Christian Lord's-day, as to the day, 
 and why and how it is to be observed. " Ought Christians to 
 keep the Sabbath?" R. A. Torrey. 
 
 STUDY IX.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Jolin v, 24. 
 
 Eeview the events covered in Part III, on the Early 
 Judean and Galilean Ministry. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 " But he knew their thoughts." 
 Do I realize that God knows my inmost thoughts ? 
 Eead Ps. xliv, 21; Matt, vi, 8; 2 Tim. ii, 19; Heb. 
 iv, 12. 
 
PAET lY. 
 SECOND PERIOD OF GALILEAN MINISTRY. 
 
 TENTH "WEEK. 
 
 TWELVE APOSTLES CHOSEN —SERMON ON 
 THE MOUNT. 
 
 STUDY X.— First Day. 
 
 The fame of Jesus had now so increased that great Christ's wide. 
 
 spread Fame. 
 
 multitudes followed him from Galilee, Decapolis, Jerusa- 
 lem, Judea, and beyond Jordan. But growing popularity 
 was a burden to him. His pointed discourses, unqualified 
 denunciation of current rabbinical teaching, and numer- 
 ous miracles performed on the Sabbath, had aroused the 
 hatred of the entire Jewish Church. Multitudes came, 
 but not always to profit by the truth. Many followed for 
 no other purpose than to entrap and overthrow him. It 
 was at this Juncture that two new features entered into 
 his work. 
 
 First he chose additional attendants. Many have fol- Chooses the 
 lowed him as disciples. He now proposed to select twelve 
 apostles, who should become close students of the new 
 kingdom which he was about to inaugurate.* These apos- 
 
 * Bruce, The Training of the Twelve, Chap. IV; Hastings, Vol. II, 
 p. 614. 
 
 75 
 
76 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 ties were appointed by Jesus with great care, "calling 
 unto him whom he himself would." They were chosen 
 as far as possible from those who had been longest with 
 him, and were known to be most trustworthy. Not all 
 were accepted who applied for an apostleship. In Matt, 
 viii, 19, " There came a scribe, and said unto him. Master, 
 I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest." But Jesus 
 discouraged him, saying, "The foxes have holes, and the 
 birds of the heaven have nests ; but the Son of man hath 
 not where to lay his head." Jesus knew this man was 
 looking for an easy place, but that no such place could 
 be promised. 
 
 We do not know just where the selection was made, 
 but, after spending the night in prayer alone in a moun- 
 tain, Jesus announced the names of the apostles in pairs, 
 having chosen for each his companion: Simon, whom he 
 also named Peter, and Andrew, his brother; James and 
 John ; Philip and Bartholomew (Nathanael) ; Matthew 
 (Levi) and Thomas; James, the son of Alphaeus, and 
 Simon, who was called the Zealot; and Judas (Jude, 
 Lebbeus, Thaddeus), the son of James, and Judas Isca- 
 riot. These men were to go out two by two, with au- 
 thority, and power to teach and preach, and perform 
 miracles, and to extend the kingdom of God. By them 
 the Apostolic Church was to be organized, and much of 
 the New Testament was to be written. It was a surprise 
 to the Jews that Jesus selected the men he did for this 
 work. Not a single Jewish leader was commissioned, 
 but men who did not belong to the influential or learned 
 classes were chosen. To twelve simple men from the 
 ranks of the common people he delivered the keys of 
 the kingdom of God. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry, "jj 
 Thus far, Jesus had taken no steps toward a formal ^^"^Tl""**." 
 
 ' ^ the Mount. 
 
 and open separation from Judaism. Now he proclaimed 
 a new kingdom to be founded on love and righteousness, 
 whose citizenship should be open to all, Jew or Gentile. 
 Having, at Jerusalem and Capernaum, unfolded some- 
 what fully his Messiahship, in the Sermon on the Mount, 
 Jesus announced the platform of the kingdom o^ God, 
 and delivered an inaugural address. The occasion was 
 the installation of the twelve apostles. Doubtless, some 
 announcement and preparation for this service had been 
 made, for multitudes were there from Tyre and Sidon, 
 and from Judea and Jerusalem. The place where this 
 sermon was delivered is unknown. Tradition has se- 
 lected the Horns of Hattin, a double-peaked hill, four 
 miles west of the Sea of Galilee, and now known as "the 
 Mount of the Beatitudes," as best fulfilling the conditions 
 of the Gospel record.* 
 
 The following may be a helpful outline of the Sermon Outline of 
 
 Sermon. 
 
 on the Mount : 
 
 Outline of the Sermon on the Mount. 
 
 Matt, v-vii. 
 
 Subject — The Members op the Kingdom op GoD.t 
 
 1. Their Character. v, 3-12 
 
 2. Their Mission in the World. v, 13-16 ' 
 8. Their Attitude Toward the Law 
 
 AND the Prophets. v, 17-19 
 
 4. Their Standard op Righteousness 
 (in contrast with that of the scribes 
 and Pharisees, and with the teach- 
 ings of the synagogue). V, 20-48 
 
 * Andrews, p. 269. + Hastings, Vol. II, pp. 852, 853, «21. 
 
78 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 5. Thkir Motives (in contrast with 
 those of the hypocritical, the super- 
 stitious, and the unforgiving). vi, 1-18 
 
 f yj 19—34 
 
 6. Thbir Relation to God. j ^j- ^_^^ 
 
 7. Their Relation to Men. \ ^||' ^2 
 
 8. Their Threefold Care (to find the 
 right way, to beware of false proph- 
 ets, and to "do" as well as "hear" 
 
 and "say"). vii, 13-27 
 
 No labor should be spared in fixing in the mem- 
 ory the Scripture material. It is the foundation of 
 all future zest in Bible study. 
 
 STUDY X.— Second Dair, 
 
 Bead Matt, iv, 23-25, and xii, 15-21, and see that 
 Matthew here indicates that the gospel is to reach out to 
 the Gentiles. The new Church is to break down the bar- 
 riers of race. 
 
 STUDY X.— Third Day. 
 
 Bead Luke vi, 12-19, and mark how the prayer-life 
 of Christ reveals itself in every important crisis. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Outline a new map, and mark Christ's course from Caper- 
 naum to the Mount of Beatitudes. 
 
 Harmony.— Part IV. Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 
 — From the Choosing of the Twelve Until the Withdrawal into 
 Northern Galilee. Lesson X. Twelve Apostles Chosen.— Ser- 
 mon on the Mount. Matt, iv, 23-25 ; xii, 15-21 ; v, vi, vii, viii, 1 ; 
 Mark iii, 7-19 ; Luke vi, 12-49. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 79 
 
 STUDY X.— Foiirth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, v, and outline in the Harmony the several 
 phases of life to which the new standard of righteousness 
 is applied. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 521-541 ; Geikie II, 38-85 ; Stalker, 67-83 ; An- 
 drews, 265-274; Farrar, 133-145; Rhees, sees. 136, 137. 
 
 STUDY X.— Fifth Day. 
 Eead Matt. vi. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-'work. 
 
 1. The authority of Jesus as Founder and Lawgiver of the 
 kingdom of God. Luke v, 27; John v, 27; Matt, v, 20-22; vii, 
 23, 24, 29; x, 37-39; xii, 8; xvi, 18, 19; Mark xi, 27-33; Matt, 
 xxiii, 10; John xxi, 22; Matt, xxviii, 18-20. 
 
 2. The apostolic band : their characteristics, social position, 
 etc. Bruce's Training of the Twelve. 
 
 3. Explain Christ's words in Matt, v, 21-26. 
 
 4. Discuss Christ's words, "Give to him that asketh thee," 
 in connection with Paul's words in 2 Thess. iii, 10. 
 
 5. The meaning and modern application of the command, 
 "If thine eye oflfend thee, pluck it out." 
 
 6. The reason for Christ's strong words about oaths. Gei- 
 kie II, 69. 70. 
 
 STUDY X.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, vii, and write in the Harmony an outline 
 of the relations of the members of the kingdom, (a) to 
 God, {b) to men. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Explain Christ's words about singleness of eye. Matt. 
 Ti, 22. 
 
8o Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 2. Explain, " Give not that which is holy unto the dogs." 
 Does Jesus here refer to men who are social outcasts ? 
 
 3. What is the Christian attitude toward teachers who are 
 suspected of heresy ? Reconcile Matt, vii, 1, and vii, 15-20. 
 
 4. AYhat was the attitude of Jesus toward the Old Testa- 
 ment ? Its great moral principles ? Its ceremonial require- 
 ments? Broadus, American Commentary, Matt, v, 17-26; 
 Rhees, sec. 232, 233. 
 
 STUDY X.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, v, 3-13. 
 
 Memorize the outline of the Sermon on the Mount, 
 or prepare your own outline and memorize it. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "Every one which heareth these words of mine and 
 doeth them, shall be likened unto a wise man, which 
 built his house upon the rock." 
 
 On what am I building my life and work ? On rock 
 or sand ? 
 
 Read 1 Cor. iii, 10-15. 
 
PART rV,— ELEVENTH "WEEK. 
 
 CAPEENAUM TO NAIN —JOHN THE BAPTIST'S 
 LAST MESSAGE. 
 
 STUDY XI.— First Day. 
 
 After delivering the Sermon on the Mount and in- 
 stalling the twelve disciples, Jesus returned to Caper- 
 naum. 
 
 Here first he cured the centurion's servant. A cer- cureofCen- 
 tain centurion's faithful servant whom he loved was sick gn*^**" * 
 and at the point of death, and the officer sent to Jesus 
 that his servant might be healed. But before Jesus 
 reached the house the centurion met him and said: "I 
 am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: 
 but only say the word, and my servant shall be healed." 
 This centurion was the commander of a company of one 
 hundred men in the army of Herod Antipas,* Tetrarcli 
 of Galilee. He was also a Gentile, and probably a Eoman. 
 When Jesus heard his words he marveled and said: 
 " Yerily I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, 
 no, not in Israel. . . . And the servant was healed in 
 that hour." 
 
 "And it came to pass soon afterwards, that he went visit to Nain. 
 to a city called Nain; and his disciples went with him, 
 
 ♦Andrews, p. 274. 
 
 6 81 
 
82 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 and a great multitude." Nain was a small, uninviting 
 city some twenty-five miles southwest of Capernaum. 
 All that remains of it to-day are a few wood and stone 
 houses with low doorways, scattered here and there over 
 the ruins of what was once a city with walls and gates. 
 Picture, if you can, the sensation produced by Jesus 
 and the large company which followed him, as they 
 traveled those twenty-five miles that spring day. ' ' When 
 he drew near to the gate of the city, behold, there was 
 carried out one that was dead, the only son of his mother, 
 and she was a widow: and much people of the city were 
 with her." Something about the death seemed to have 
 aroused the sympathy of the whole town. For some 
 reason Jesus was also touched by the sight. "And when 
 the Lord saw her, he had compassion on her, and said 
 unto her. Weep not." Then he did a most unusual thing, 
 which no other rabbi in the land would do. " He touched 
 the bier . . . and said, Young man, I say unto thee, Arise. 
 And he that was dead sat up, and began to speak." 
 This was not the first time the dead had been raised in 
 the vicinity of Nain. Not far distant, Elisha had raised 
 the only son of the Shunammite, and the plain of 
 Jezreel beneath had been the scene of the greatest 
 events in the life of Elijah. 
 John the Bap- For six months or more that good man, John the 
 tisfsQues- Baptist, had been in prison, every day expecting violent 
 death, but Antipas had not determined what his fate 
 should be. During those awful months many questions 
 had arisen in John's mind concerning the work of Jesus. 
 He had seen the Spirit descend upon him, and had heard 
 a voice from heaven saying, "This is my beloved Son, 
 in whom I am well pleased," and John wondered what 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 83 
 
 Jesus had been doing. So he called "two of his dis- 
 ciples and sent them to the Lord, saying, Art thou he 
 that Cometh, or look we for another ? And when the 
 men were come unto him, they said, John the Baptist 
 hath sent us unto thee, saying, Art thou he that cometh, 
 or look we for another ? In that hour he cured many 
 of diseases and plagues and evil spirits; and on many 
 that were blind he bestowed sight." Jesus sent back 
 word, " Go your way, and tell John what things ye 
 have seen and heard; the blind receive their sight, the 
 lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, 
 the dead are raised up, the poor have good tidings 
 preached to them. And blessed is he whosoever shall 
 find none occasion of stumbling in me." These mes- 
 sengers having departed, Jesus began to preach to the 
 people, taking John the Baptist as his text. 
 
 If possible, do not leave the lesson until you have 
 learned to tell it vividly in your own language. 
 
 STUDY XI.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Luke vii, 1-10, and again note how Luke gives 
 the kindly human feelings and personal relations. 
 
 STUDY XI.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, viii, 5-13, and contrast it with Luke's 
 account, as less colored by human sympathies. Matthew 
 and Mark have been called "official" Gospels;* Luke 
 and John " personal " Gospels. Observe in verses 11, 12, 
 
 •"Westou ou Matthew, pp. 29-.%. 
 
84 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Jesus' recognition of the readiness of the Gentiles, as 
 illustrated by the centurion, to receive the kingdom, as 
 compared with the Jews. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Indicate on the map Jesus' return to Capernaum from the 
 Mount of Beatitudes, followed by his tour to Nain, and perhaps 
 other places, and return to Capernaum. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XI. Capernaum to Nain. — John the 
 Baptist's Last Message. Matt, viii, 5-13 ; xi, 2-19 ; Luke 
 vii, 1-35. 
 
 STUDY XI.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke vii, 11-17, and mark once more the 
 gentleness and considerateness that breathe through 
 this Gospel. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 542-560, 666-671; Geikie II, 103-112; An- 
 drews, 274-280 ; Farrar, 147-157. 
 
 STUDY XI.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xi, 2-19. Picture the thoughts of John 
 the Baptist, languishing in prison, while Jesus is passing 
 through the most popular period in his ministry.* Eead 
 again that profound utterance of John the Baptist, 
 found in John iii, 30. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Glass-work. 
 
 1. The tenderness of Jesus. Mark i, 40-41; Matt, xi, 28; 
 Luke vii, 12, 15, 41-50; viii, 41, 42, 49, 50; Matt, ix, 86; Luke 
 xiii, 10-13 ; xiv, 13, 14 ; xviii, 5-17 ; John xi, 35 ; xix, 26-37. 
 
 * Edersheim, Vol. I, pp. 66ft-«68. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 85 
 
 2. The custom of burial among the Jews. Oxford Bible; 
 Edersheim I, 554; Bib. Diet. 
 
 3. Why did John deny that he was Elijah (John i, 21), and 
 Jesus assert that he was? Matt, xi, 14. 
 
 4. What did Jesus mean when he said, "The kingdom of 
 heaven sufifereth violence, and the men of violence take it 
 by force ?" 
 
 5. Meaning in its connection of: "And wisdom is justified 
 of all her children." Luke vii, 35. 
 
 STUDY XI.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke vii, 18-35, and try to answer the ques- 
 tion why Jesus should not have sent a more feeling 
 message to John.* 
 
 Consider deeply the consequences which flowed from 
 the attitude stated in Luke vii, 30; (a) to John, (b) to 
 Jesus, (c) to these leading classes, (_d) to the Jewish 
 nation, f 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What generous thing had the centurion done ? Luke 
 vii, 2-9. 
 
 2. Why did he count himself unworthy to have Christ 
 come to his home ? 
 
 3. How shall we adjust the accounts of Matthew and Luke 
 as to the personal interview of the centurion with Christ ? 
 Edersheim I, 544, and commentaries and location. 
 
 4. Why would no rabbi touch a dead person ? Num. xix ; 
 Edersheim I, 557. 
 
 5. What is the meaning of the statement in the latter part 
 of Luke vii, 28? Consult Luke xvi, 18. 
 
 * Edersheim, Vol. I, p. 66; Andrews, p. 279; Hastings, Vol. II, p. 615. 
 + Andrews, p. 280. 
 
86 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XI —Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, xi, 5, 6. 
 
 Review what you have learned of the distinctive 
 features of the four Gospels. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax 
 shall he not quench." How much do I owe in my life 
 to the tender spirit and gentle dealing of Christ with 
 me ? What instances can I recall of God's Icng-suf- 
 f ering with me and his watch care over me ? Eead 
 Psalm ciii, 13, 14. 
 
PART IV.— TWELFTH "WEEK, 
 
 AT CAPEKNAUM— SINFUL WOMAN FORGIVEN 
 —SCRIBES AND PHARISEES WARNED. 
 
 STUDY XII.— First Day. 
 
 It is thought by some that the statements of Luke Return Jour- 
 
 ney, orAn- 
 
 viii, 1, respecting Jesus, that he went about "through other Tour. 
 
 cities and villages, preaching and bringing the good 
 
 tidings of the kingdom of God," refer to what happened 
 
 on the return journey from Nain, We are inclined to 
 
 the view that Jesus first returned to Capernaum, and 
 
 that Luke here refers to another tour,* of Avhich we have 
 
 only the further fact given that there were "with him 
 
 the twelve, and certain women which had been healed 
 
 of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary, that was called 
 
 Magdalene, from whom seven devils had gone out, and 
 
 Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, and Susanna, 
 
 and many others, which ministered unto them of their 
 
 substance." 
 
 The anointing of Jesus by the sinful woman may The Anoint* 
 also have occurred at Nain or in some other city visited s,nfu'^ ^^ 
 before the return to Capernaum, but the latter place "**"• 
 appears the more probable location of this event.* 
 
 It is stated that " one of the Pharisees desired him 
 that he would eat with him. And he entered into the 
 Pharisee's house, and sat down to meat. And behold, 
 
 * Andrews, p. 281. 
 
 87 
 
88 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 a woman which was in the city, a sinner; and when she 
 knew that he was sitting at meat in the Pharisee's house, 
 she brought an alabaster cruse of ointment, and standing 
 behind at his feet, weeping, she began to wet his feet 
 with her tears, and wiped them with the hairs of her 
 head, and kissed his feet, and anointed them with the 
 ointment." According to Oriental etiquette, a visitor, 
 upon entering the house, left shoes or sandals at the 
 door, and the master of the house extended formal wel- 
 come, saying, " The Lord be with you," and kissed 
 his guest on the cheek. Then a servant brought water 
 and washed the feet and anointed the head and beard 
 with fragrant oil. Though Simon had invited the pres- 
 ence of Christ in his home, all these courtesies seem to 
 have been neglected by him. The entrance of the sin- 
 ful but deeply penitent woman was perhaps unnoticed 
 till her tears fell upon the feet of Jesus as he reclined 
 at the table. Probably in her embarrasment she began 
 to wipe away the tears with her hair, the act being 
 wholly unpremeditated, as her real purpose was the 
 anointing which followed. But nothing was ever more 
 acceptable to Christ than such a spontaneous expression 
 of love, though coming from a social outcast. When, 
 therefore, the Pharisee in his thoughts raised the ques- 
 tion of his guest's prophetic insight in even permitting 
 the touch of the contrite woman, Jesus proceeds to draw 
 a most pointed contrast between her spirit and that of 
 Simon himself, and gave her the thrice-uttered assur- 
 ance of her forgiveness: "Her sins, which are many, 
 are forgiven; for she loved much. . . . And he said 
 unto her. Thy sins are forgiven. . . . Thy faith hath 
 saved thee; go in peace." 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 89 
 
 After the above incident, Jesus healed a demoniac Scribes and 
 who was blind and dumb. It was upon this occasion warned!* 
 that the slumbering hatred of the scribes and Pharisees 
 burst forth in an explanation of Christ's miraculous 
 power that did violence to reason, and revealed in them 
 a fatal depth of malignant wickedness. Unwilling to 
 acknowledge his Divinity and maddened by the words of 
 the multitude, '^s this the son of David ?"— that is, the 
 Messiah — they said, "By Beelzebub the prince of the 
 devils casteth he out devils." Jesus made answer, "If 
 Satan casteth out Satan, he is divided against himself; 
 how then shall his kingdom stand ?" Then he accused 
 them of having committed an eternal and unpardonable 
 sin, and proceeded to pass judgment upon them, say- 
 ing: "Therefore, I say unto you. Every sin and blas- 
 phemy shall be forgiven unto men ; but the blasphemy 
 against the Spirit shall not be forgiven. And whosoever 
 shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be 
 forgiven him; but whosoever shall speak against the 
 Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this 
 world, nor in that which is to come." And in response 
 to their demand for a sign, he declared, "The men of 
 Nineveh shall stand up in the judgment with this gen- 
 eration and shall condemn it." 
 
 " Meditate on these things. Give thyself wholly 
 to them." 
 
 STUDY XII.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Luke vii, 36-50, and notice how fully Luke 
 has given us the Gospel of the humble and despised, of 
 
90 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 the weak and unworthy. It is peculiarly the Gospel of 
 hope and tolerance for those who have sinned and failed, 
 but who are repentant.* 
 
 STUDY XII.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Luke viii, 1-3; xi, 27, 28, and note that Luke 
 is also the Gospel of womanhood. The word for 
 "woman" occurs in Luke nearly as often as in both 
 Matthew and Mark together.* 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Place on your map Magdala, the town of Mary Magdalene. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XII. At Capernaum. — Sinful Woman 
 Forgiven. — Scribes and Pharisees Warned. Matt, xii, 22-45; 
 Mark ill, 20-30; Luke vii, 36— viii, 3; xi, 14-36. 
 
 STUDY XII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xii, 22-45. " Language is not only the 
 exponent of character, but it performs a most impor- 
 tant part in making character. The young man who 
 has never spoken an impure word has done a great deal 
 to form a pure character."! 
 
 Q-eneral References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 561-576; II, 197-208; Geikie II, 115-137; 
 Stalker, 98-101; Andrews, 281-290; Farrar, 157-162, 246-250. 
 
 STUDY XII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Mark, iii, 19-21, and seek to measure the 
 strength of Jesus in calmly meeting at this time the 
 
 * The Messages of the Books, pp. 81-«7; Hastings on Luke. 
 + "Weston on Matthew, pp. 81, 82. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 91 
 
 mistaken ideas and unbelief of his relatives as well as 
 the bitter accusations of his enemies. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-'work. 
 
 1. The Messiahship of Jesus. Matt, ii, 4; John i, 25-30, 
 40, 41 ; iv, 29 ; v, 37, 36, 39 ; Matt, xii, 23 ; xvi, 16 ; xxi, 9, 15, 16 ; 
 Mark xiv, 61, 62. 
 
 2. The social position and religious views of the scribes and 
 Pharisees. Bdersheim I, 93 ; Bib. Diet. 
 
 3. The social privileges of women among the Jews. Bib. 
 Diet., " Women." 
 
 4. What is the unpardonable sin ? See commentaries on 
 Matt, xii, 31; Mark iii, 28; Heb. vi, 3-8. 
 
 5. Eeconcile by reference to context, He that is not with 
 me is against me (Luke xi, 23), and He that is not against us 
 is for us. Luke x, 50. 
 
 6. Explain parable of the unclean Spirit. Matt, xii, 43-45. 
 
 STUDY Xn.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Luke xi, 33-36, and weigh our responsibility 
 for all spiritual light received. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. Describe the custom of reclining at the table, and draw 
 a diagram, showing arrangement of table and couches. Eder- 
 sheim II, 207; Bib. Diet., "Meals." 
 
 2. Write down a list of the women thus far mentioned by 
 Luke. 
 
 3. How did the Pharisees account for Jesus' miracles ? 
 
 4. What was the current belief concerning Beelzebub? 
 Oxford Bible ; Bib. Diet. ; Edersheim II, 201 ; I, 648. 
 
 5. What is meant by speaking words against the Holy 
 Spirit ? 
 
 6. What is meant by every "idle" word, in Matt, xii, 36? 
 
92 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XII.— Seventh Day. 
 Memorize Luke xi, 34-35. 
 Review the events of Lessons in Part IV up to date. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And I say unto you, that every idle word that men 
 shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day 
 of judgment. Jfor by thy words thou shalt be justified, 
 and by thy words thou shalt be condemned." Do I con- 
 sider the character and effect of my words ? Read 
 James iii, 3-18. 
 
PART IV.— THIRTEENTH TVBBK. 
 
 AT CAPEKNAUM —TRUE KINDRED OF CHRIST. 
 —BEGINNING OF PARABLES. 
 
 STUDY XIII.— First Day. 
 
 Immediately after Jesus' reply to the scribes and Phar- The True 
 isees, considered in the last lesson, "there came to him christ. 
 his mother and his brethren, and they could not come at 
 him for the crowd." When they sent word to him that 
 they desired to speak with him, he checked their evident 
 purpose to interfere with him in doing his Father's work, 
 "and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother? 
 and who are my brethren ? And he stretched forth his 
 hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold, my mother 
 and my brethren ! For whosoever shall do the will of my 
 Father which is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, 
 and mother." 
 
 The same day, by the seaside, Jesus began the para- The Begin- 
 
 bles — a new form of teaching, which doubtless marked an bies.** 
 
 advance step in his ministry. This method of making 
 
 plain the subjects of discourse had been used more or less 
 
 since the days of the Judges (Judges ix, 7), and was in 
 
 constant use among the Rabbis; but Jesus is so far to 
 
 transcend all other users of it that he may justly be 
 
 called the creator of this form of instruction. "Nothing 
 
 was henceforth left unused. The light, the darkness, the 
 
 93 
 
94 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 houses around, the games of childhood, the sightless way- 
 side beggar, the foxes of the hills, the leathern bottles 
 hung from every rafter, the patched or new garment, and 
 even the noisy hen amidst her chickens, served, in turn, 
 to illustrate some lofty truth. The sower on the hillside, 
 the gaudy weeds among the corn, the common mustard- 
 plant, the leaven in the woman's dough, the treasure dis- 
 closed by the passing plowshare, the pearl brought by 
 the traveling merchant from distant lands, for sale at 
 Bethsaida or Tiberias, the draw-net seen daily on the 
 lake, the pitiless servant, the laborers in the vineyard, — 
 these, and other details of every-day life, were elevated to 
 be the vehicle of the sublimest lessons." (Geikie.) 
 
 Christ "When Jesus called the four from their fishing-nets 
 Teaches from 
 
 a Boat, near Capernaum, he entered into a boat which he used as 
 
 a pulpit; and now, when he would introduce the parable, 
 he entered again into a boat, and, pushing out from the 
 shore, delivered his first five parables. Later in the day 
 he delivered three more parables to the disciples privately. 
 His surroundings were exceedingly suggestive for par- 
 abolic teaching. Before him lay the seaside with its 
 boats and fish and nets, and not far distant could be seen 
 the fields where the sower was casting the seed. These 
 scenes were most familiar to the people whom he ad- 
 dressed. Jesus, therefore, called attention to the sower, 
 saying, " Behold, the sower went forth to sow; and as he 
 sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the birds came 
 and devoured them : and others fell upon rocky places, 
 where they had not much earth; and straightway they 
 sprang up, . . . and when the sun was risen, they were 
 scorched; . . . and others fell upon the thorns; and the 
 thorns grew up, and choked them: and others fell upon 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 95 
 
 the good ground, and yielded fruit, some a hundred-fold, 
 some sixty, some thirty." The disciples seem to have 
 been surprised that he should speak in parables, and 
 asked, " Why speakest thou unto them in parables ? And 
 he answered and said unto them, Unto you it is given 
 to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but 
 to them it is not given. . . . Therefore, speak I to 
 them in parables ; because seeing they see not, and hear- 
 ing they hear not, neither do they understand." After 
 interpreting this parable of the sower, Jesus at once pro- 
 ceeded to deliver four others : the wheat and tares, the 
 mustard-seed, the leaven, and the seed growing secretly, 
 recorded in Mark iv. 
 
 Jesus now sent the multitude away, and, having en- Sends th« 
 tered into a house, the disciples came to him and asked rway!""^ 
 the interpretation of the parable of the tares and the 
 wheat. After complying with the request, Jesus declared 
 three other parables to them also. The first was the 
 hidden treasure; the second, the pearl of great price; 
 and the third, the draw-net. "When Jesus began to 
 speak that day, the disciples were troubled to know what 
 the new method of instruction by parables might mean; 
 but at the close of the day's teaching they seem to have 
 agreed that the thought running through them was ex- 
 ceedingly deep. In the closing parables they were 
 taught that the business they were engaged in was, after 
 all, the supreme business of life, and that they were in- 
 deed in search of the pearl of great price. 
 
 No exercise for this week could be better than 
 a preparation for telling these parables to a little 
 child. 
 
96 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XIII.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Mark iii, 31-35. "Looking round about on 
 them which sat round about him." We are to think of 
 Jesus as seated as he taught or preached, according to 
 the custom of that day, and his disciples as here also sit- 
 ting about him, and at these he looks and points.* 
 
 STUDY XIII.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xiii, 1-9, 18-30, 36-43; Mark iv, 26-29. 
 These three parables relate to the sowing, growing, and 
 gathering of grain. Try to arrange in your mind the 
 main points which they cover when applied to the king- 
 dom of God. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Rapidly go over the journeys of Jesus, on the maps you 
 have made, from his birth to the time of this lesson. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XIII. — At Capernaum. — True Kindred 
 of Christ. — Beginning of Parables. Matt, xii, 46 — xiii, 53 ; Mark 
 iii, 31— iv, 34; Luke viii, 4-21. 
 
 STUDY XIII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xiii, 31-33, and note that these two brief 
 parables show the extensive and the intensive growth of 
 the kingdom from very small beginnings. The briefest 
 parable in statement, verse 33, is fullest in suggestion, 
 and gives almost the whole method and secret of the 
 success of the kingdom, f 
 
 *Gelkle, Vol. II, p. 127; Meyer on Matthew, p. 249. 
 
 t Bruce, The Parabolic Teaching of Christ, pp. 106-116. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 97 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 576-598; Geikie II, 138, 139, 144-149; Stalker, 
 69-71 ; Andrews, 290-295 ; Fai-rar, 250, 251, 171-174. 
 
 STUDY XIII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xiii, 44-50, giving the three parables 
 spoken to the disciples. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. Jesus' knowledge and use of nature in illustration and 
 appeal. John iii, 8; iv, 35-38; Luke v, 10; v, 36-39; Matt, v, 
 15; vi, 26-30; Luke vi, 43,44; vii,32; Matt, xiii ; xvi,2, 3; John 
 X, 1-5; Luke xii, 6; xiii, 34; xv; Mark x, 25; Matt, xx, 1-16; 
 John XV, 1-8. 
 
 2. What is a parable, and what is its value ? Had parables 
 been much used before Christ? Sanday; Hast. Bib. Diet., 
 "Jesus Christ," II, 617. 
 
 3. Are we to infer that Christ refused to see his kindred ? 
 
 4. What is the meaning of the parable about the scribe? 
 (Matt, xii, 52.) 
 
 STUDY XIII.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xii, 10-17, 34, 35, 51, 62; Luke viii, 
 16-18, and see that the parables are used to sift and 
 separate the true-hearted hearers and disciples from the 
 wicked opposers, before whom Christ will not now cast 
 the pearls of truth in plain statement. The parables of 
 Jesus are a masterly response to conditions of opposition 
 and unreceptiveness in his hearers.* 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Had Jesus used parables before this ? 
 
 2. How many parables does he deliver on this occasion ? 
 How many to the disciples privately ? 
 
 TTT *^'l?o^S,^*™' ^°^- ^' PP-579, 580; Hastings, Vol. II, pp. 617, 618; Vol. 
 
 Ill, pp. DOJ-OOO. 
 
98 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 3. What is the teaching of the parable of the sower ? The 
 wlieat and tares ? Tlie seed growing secretly ? The mustard- 
 seed ? The leaven ? 
 
 4. "What impression did these parables seem to make on the 
 multitude, and on the disciples? 
 
 STUDY XIII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Luke viii, 15. 
 
 Carefully weigh these points from Bruce's Parabolic 
 Teacliing of Christ. Christ was a Master or Eabbi, an 
 Evangelist, and a Prophet. The parables may be placed 
 in three groups, corresponding to these three phases of 
 Christ's ministry: First, the theoretic parables, contain- 
 ing the general truth concerning the kingdom of God; 
 second, the evangelic parables, sQjtting forth the Divine 
 goodness and grace; third, the prophetic parables, pro- 
 claiming the righteousness of God, and his rewards to 
 men according to their works. . . . Most of Matthew's 
 parables belong to the first and third groups; most of 
 Luke's to the second. 
 
 Others would find the key to the groups of parables 
 more in the changing outward conditions of Christ's 
 ministry, but they reach a similar result : The parables of 
 the kingdom ; the parables of grace ; and the parables of 
 warning, or judgment. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "For whosoever hath, to him shall be given; and 
 whosoever hath not, from him shall be taken away even 
 that which he thinketh he hath." 
 
 Have I a receptive spirit, so that Christ can reveal his 
 truth to me, or am I thinking that I have now a sufficient 
 knowledge of spiritual thin<7s ? 
 
 Eead 1 Cor. x, 12; Phil, iii, 12-14. 
 
PART IV.— FOURTEENTH "WEEK. 
 
 VISIT TO GERGESA —TEMPEST STILLED — 
 DEMONIACS CURED. 
 
 STUDY XIV.— First Day. 
 
 The events of this lesson follow immediately upon Departure for 
 those of the one iust concluded. "On that day, when '*•« East*™ 
 
 1-1 T Shore. 
 
 even was come, he saith unto them, Let us go over unto 
 the other side." After the long day of teaching in 
 parables, Jesus still "saw great multitudes about him," 
 and, needing relief from the strain of the work, he gave 
 commandment to the disciples that they should set out 
 for the eastern shore of the lake. They required no sec- 
 ond word, but, "leaving the multitude, they take him 
 with them, even as he was, in the boat." 
 
 So unexpected was their departure from Capernaum stilling the 
 that they may not have noted the signs of an approach- ^^'"'»«®'* 
 ing storm; or the changeful atmosphere of the de- 
 pressed basin of Lake Galilee may have been still in the 
 early evening, but powerfully disturbed later on by the 
 downrushing of winds through the gorges of the eastern 
 shore, to which they were going, so that the sudden 
 tempest struck them full in front amid the darkness. 
 "What a contrast between the commotion of wind and 
 wave and the alarm of even these hardy boatmen, and 
 the calm rest of Christ, asleep, as Slark in his graphic 
 way makes us see, with his head "on the cushion," or 
 leathern seat of the steersman ! The scene gives us an 
 impressson of the inner quietude of Jesus in the midst 
 of all the outward agitation and conflicts of his life. 
 At length, as "they were filling with water, and were in 
 jeopardy," the disciples " came to him, and awoke him, 
 saying. Master, master, we perish. And he awoke, and 
 rebuked the wind and the raging of the water : and they 
 
loo Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 ceased, and there was a calm." "When the company with 
 him had recovered from their fright, and saw what he 
 had done, "they marveled, saying one to another, Who 
 then is this, that he commandeth even the winds and the 
 water, and they obey him ?" 
 Arrival at "And they arrived at the country of the Gerasenes, 
 
 orOerasa! which is over against Galilee." (Luke viii, 26, margin: 
 " Many authorities read Gergesenes; others, Gadarenes.") 
 Bible students have found it difficult to be clear as to the 
 locality here answering to the Gospel references, and also 
 as to the proper name of the town ; the more so because 
 Gadara and Gerasa have been fully known as cities lying 
 some miles southeast of the Sea of Galilee. But by the 
 finding by Thompson of a place called Kersa, or Gersa, 
 upon the eastern shore of the sea, with the exact sur- 
 roundings required, Andrews is able to say, " This discov- 
 ery of the site of Gergesa removes all the topographical 
 difficulties from the sacred narratives."* The name Gerasa 
 for this city has almost as much in its favor as Gergesa. 
 
 The Demo- "And when he was come forth upon the land, there 
 * met him a certain man out of the city, who had devils; 
 and for a long time he had worn no clothes, and abode 
 not in any house, but in the tombs. And when he saw 
 Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before him, and with a 
 loud voice said, "What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou 
 Son of the Most High God ? I beseech thee, torment 
 me not. For he commanded the unclean spirit to come 
 out from the man. . . . And Jesus asked him, "What is 
 thy name ? And he said. Legion ; for many devils were 
 entered into him. And they intreated him that he would 
 not command them to depart into the abyss. Now there 
 was there a herd of many swine feeding on the mountain : 
 and they intreated him that he would give them leave 
 to enter into them. And he gave them leave. And the 
 devils came out from the man, and entered into the 
 swine: and the herd rushed down the steep into the 
 lake, and were choked. And when they that fed them 
 
 ♦Hastings, art. "Gerasenes." 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. loi 
 
 saw what had come to pass, they fled, and told it in the 
 city and in the country. . . . And all the people of the 
 country of the Gerasenes round about asked him to de- 
 part from them; for they were holden with great fear: 
 and he entered into a boat, and returned." 
 
 Let us look right into the face of Biblical diffi- 
 culties. They are like wild beasts, — they will often 
 slink away under a fearless gaze. Never resort to 
 a "shift" in explaining a hard passage. 
 
 STUDY XIV.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, viii, 23-27; Mark iv, 35-41, and compare 
 the brief, general account of the first Gospel with the 
 vivid word-painting of the second. 
 
 STUDY XIV.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Mark v, 1-20, and note once more the pictur- 
 esque description, as of a strongly-impressed eye-witness. 
 The trip to Gergesa, with its thrilling experiences, would 
 have left every detail indelibly stamped in Peter's mind, 
 if we supposed him to have been back of Mark's narra- 
 tive, through his recounting of these events, either in 
 his preaching or in conversation. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 
 Harmony. 
 
 Indicate on your map Jesus' course across the Sea of Gali- 
 lee from Capernaum to Gergesa and return to Capernaum. 
 
 Harmony.— Study XIV. Visit to Gergesa.— The Tempest 
 Stilled.— Demoniacs Cured. Matt, viii, 18, 23-34 ; Mark iv, 35— 
 v, 20; Luke viii, 22-39. 
 
 STUDY XIV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, viii, 28-34. Notice that Matthew speaks 
 of two demoniacs, Mark and Luke of only one. Perhaps 
 only one belonged to that section, or was "out of the 
 city" (Luke viii, 27,) of Gergesa. If the other men- 
 tioned by Matthew was from Gadara, six miles southeast 
 of the lake, that fact might lead him to write, " into the 
 country of the Gadarenes," verse 28. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 599-615; Geikie II, 152-156; Stalker, 63-66; 
 Andrews, 295-302 ; Farrar, 176-183 ; Rhees, sees. 142-144, 249, 250. 
 
I02 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XIV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke viii, 22-39, and mark the touchingly ap- 
 propriate position in which the people found the man, 
 verse 35, " sitting, clothed and in his right mind, at the 
 feet of Jesus." 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-work. 
 
 1. The tranquillity of Jesus. John iv, 30 ; Luke v, 18-26 ; 
 Mark iii, 9, 10; Matt, xii, 19; vi, 25; Mark iv, 38; v, 40, 41; 
 Matt, xi, 25-30; Luke, x, 38-42; John xi, 6, 7; xiii, 27; xiv, 
 27; xviii, 4-9; xix, 30. 
 
 2. The Sea of Galilee, its size, relation to sea-level, fre- 
 quency and severity of storms, character of adjoining country, 
 cities on its shores, etc. Oxford Bible ; Bib. Diet. ; Geikie I, 
 803-309; Hist. Geo. H. L.,413; Edersheim I, 223; Farrar, 92-98. 
 
 3. "Why did Jesus command the Gadarene to tell hovp great 
 things God had done for him, while he usually enjoined strict 
 silence on those vphom he had healed ? (E. g., Matt, ix, 30.) 
 
 STUDY XIV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Luke viii, 22-39, and see what new points open 
 to you by the repeated reading. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Hovsr large was the Sea of Galilee? 
 
 2. Can you give any explanation of the possession by evil 
 spirits of this man of Gergesa? Was it ordinary insanity? (See 
 Seventh Week, Fifth Day.) 
 
 3. Are people so afflicted to-day? 
 
 4. Character of the inhabitants of Gergesa, and the terri- 
 tory about it, as respects race, and relation to Jewish faith and 
 observances. Edersheim I, 609, 607 ; Hist. Geo. H. L., 459. 
 
 STUDY XIV.— Seventh Day. 
 Memorize Luke viii, 39. 
 Reviev/ the events thus far covered in Part IV. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And they came and awoke him, saying, Master, 
 Master, we perish. And he awoke, and rebuked the 
 wind and the raging of the water : and they ceased, and 
 there was a calm." In my life do I experience the calm 
 and peace which the Christian should enjoy? 
 
 Read John xiv, 1-3, 27. 
 
PART rV.— FIFTEENTH 'WrEBK. 
 
 AT CAPERNAUM — JAIRXJS' DAUGHTER RAISED 
 —WOMAN AND THREE MEN HEALED. 
 
 STUDY XV.— First Day. 
 
 Over on the east side of the lake the people had Jesus Re- 
 begged Jesus to depart from their borders. When he *"^^"^ *** ^'" 
 arrived at Capernaum the people seemed eager to receive '**"'"^"'"' 
 him again, and many pressed about him who had friends 
 sick and dying. ''And as Jesus returned, the multitude 
 welcomed him ; for they were all waiting for him. And 
 behold, there came a man named Jairus, and he was a 
 ruler of the synagogue : and he fell down at Jesus' feet, 
 and besought him to come into his house ; for he had an 
 only daughter, about twelve years of age, and she lay a 
 dying. But as he went the multitudes thronged him." 
 
 On the way to Jairus' house a very unusual incident Touched by a 
 occurred. A woman afflicted twelve long years with a ^**"*^"' 
 chronic ailment, having sought a cure in vain, resolved 
 to seek help from Jesus. Modesty forbade her telling 
 her disease publicly, and being unclean, she scarcely 
 hoped to gain a conference with the great Rabbi. What 
 then should she do ? She resolved to touch the corner 
 of his outer garment; and in so doing she was healed. 
 "And a Avoman having an issue of blood twelve years, 
 which had spent all her living upon physicians, and 
 could not be healed of any, came behind him, and 
 touched the border of his garment: and immediately the 
 issue of her blood stanched. And Jesus said, Who is it 
 that touched me ? And when all denied, Peter said, and 
 they that were with him. Master, the multitudes press 
 thee and crush thee. But Jesus said. Some one did 
 
 103 
 
I04 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 touch me: for I perceived that power had gone forth 
 from me. And when the woman saw that she was not 
 hid, she came trembling, and falling down before him 
 declared in the presence of all the people for what cause 
 she touched him, and how she was healed immediately. 
 And he said unto her, Daughter, thy faith had made thee 
 whole; go in peace." 
 Brings to Life But while he yet spoke, ' ' there cometh one from the 
 
 Daughter. ^^^^^ ^^ *^^® Synagogue's house, saying, Thy daughter is 
 dead; trouble not the Master. But Jesus hearing it 
 answered him. Fear not: only believe, and she shall be 
 made whole. And when he came to the house, he suf- 
 fered not any man to enter in with him, save Peter, and 
 John, and James, and the father of the maiden and her 
 mother. And all were weeping, and bewailing her : but 
 he said, Weep not; for she is not dead, but sleepeth. 
 And they laughed him to scorn, knowing that she was 
 dead. But he, taking her by the hand, called, saying. 
 Maiden, arise. And her spirit returned, and she arose 
 up immediately: and he commanded that something be 
 given her to eat, and her parents were amazed: but he 
 charged them to tell no man what had been done," 
 
 Cures Two **And as Jesus passed from thence, two blind men 
 
 Blind Men. followed him, crying out, . . . Have mercy on us, thou 
 Son of David. . . . Jesus saith to them, Believe ye that 
 I am able to do this ? They say unto him. Yea, Lord. 
 Then touched he their eyes, saying. According to your 
 faith be it done unto you. And their eyes were opened." 
 And a Dumb "And as they went forth, behold, there was brought 
 
 Demoniac. ^^ j^^j^ ^ dumb man possessed v/ith a devil. And when 
 the devil was cast out the dumb man spake: and the 
 multitudes marveled, saying, It was never so seen in 
 Israel." 
 
 Fix in your mind the main points of the ■week's 
 lesson so that you may meditate upon it in your 
 leisure moments. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 105 
 
 STUDY XV.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Mark v, 21-24, 35-43. We may picture the 
 suspense of the parents of this " little daughter," waiting 
 for Jesus' return till she is "at the point of death," the 
 father's urgency, the unforeseen detention of Jesus on 
 the way to the house, and, at last, the word, "Thy daugh- 
 ter is dead." But at the darkest point the light begins 
 to gleam when the Master, "not heeding the word 
 spoken," says, "Fear not, only believe." Thence it 
 grows till we are in the genial glow of Jesus' thoughtful 
 command "that something should be given her to eat." 
 
 STUDY XV.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Luke viii, 43-48. Notice, verse 45, " Peter 
 said." We have here the first record of his forwardness. 
 Shortly after, "Peter and James and John" are desig- 
 nated as privileged witnesses at the raising of the daugh- 
 ter of the ruler of the synagogue. The prominence of 
 the foremost apostle, and of the chosen three, will be 
 seen at several other places. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony, 
 
 Harmony. — Study XV. At Capernaum. — Jairus' Daughter 
 Eaised. — Woman and Three Men Healed. 
 
 Matt, ix, 1, 18-34; Mark v, 21-43; Luke viii, 40-56. 
 
 STUDY XV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Mark v, 25-34, and see that each synoptist gives 
 Christ's use of the tender word, " daughter," in address- 
 ing this trembling, shrinking woman. We find no other 
 instance. How indicative are such marks of the truth 
 of the record, and of the beauty of the Life behind the 
 record ! 
 
 Q-eneral References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 576, 616-634; II, 48-50; Geikie II, 156-160; 
 Stalker, 62-67, 101, 102; Andrews, 303-307; Farrar, 188-192. 
 
 STUDY XV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, ix, 27-31, and observe the first instance 
 of the clear use of the Messianic title, " Son of David," 
 
io6 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 and the strong emphasis on personal faith as the condi- 
 tion of healing. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-wrork. 
 
 1. The superhuman knowledge of Jesus. Luke ii, 40 ; John 
 1, 48; ii, 24, 25; iii. 9-13; Luke v, 4-6; Mark ii, 8; Luke vi, 8; 
 vii, 39, 40 ; Mark v, 30 ; Matt xxii, 18 ; xxvi, 2 ; Luke xxii, 10-13 ; 
 John xiii, 1 ; Luke xxii, 21 ; Mark xiv, 30. 
 
 2. The condition of medical science at that time. Bib. 
 Diet., " Medicine ;" Geikie TI, 158, 159. 
 
 3. The garments probably worn by Christ. Edersheim I, 
 620-626; Bib. Diet., "Dress;" Oxford Bib. 
 
 STUDY XV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, ix, 32-34. Men begin to take sides in 
 the presence of the notable miracles of Christ. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. How were the multitude at Capernaum expectant of 
 Jesus' return ? Mark iv, 36. 
 
 2. What were the duties of a ruler of the synagogue? Bib. 
 Diet., " Synagogue." 
 
 3. Why should the woman specially dread to touch even 
 the garment of Christ? (Lev. xv, 25-27.) 
 
 4. In what language are the words " Talitha cumi ?" 
 Mark v, 41. 
 
 5. Why does Mark translate them for his readers? See 
 introduction to Mark's Gospel in some good commentary. 
 
 STUDY XV.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Mark v, 3G. 
 
 Eapidly outline in your mind the course of the Life 
 from the beginning. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "According to your faith be it done unto you." 
 What definite blessings can I say have come to me be- 
 cause of my faith ? What rich blessings may I not expect 
 if I have faith ? Eead the eleventh chapter of Hebrews 
 and the first ten verses of the twelfth. 
 
PART IV.— SIXTEENTH "W^EJBK. 
 
 VISIT TO NAZARETH A^B SOUTHWESTERN" 
 
 GALILEE —MISSION OP THE TWELVE — 
 
 DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST. 
 
 STUDY XVI.— First Day. 
 
 Jesus now arranged to enlarge his work still further Jesus En- 
 throughout Galilee. His heart yearned to proclaim the work. 
 truth in the town of his childhood. At the time of his 
 last visit, when he unfolded his Messiahship, the people 
 of Nazareth arose and thrust him out of the city, and pro- 
 posed to kill him. They looked upon him now as a dan- 
 gerous disturber of the established religion. He was not 
 in the succession of rabbis, for he had never been or- 
 dained. He was the son of a carpenter, whom they had 
 known many years. With such credentials, he appeared 
 a stone of stumbling to their narrow prejudices and un- 
 belief, and they could not receive him ; but even Nazareth 
 is dear to Jesus, and thither he went to make a last ap- 
 peal. Going to the synagogue on the Sabbath, as his 
 custom was, he began to speak. Soon whispers passed 
 through the congregation concerning him. They recog- 
 nized in him great wisdom, but said among themselves, 
 Whence cometh this wisdom? ''And he went out from 
 thence; and he cometh into his own country; and his 
 disciples follow him. And when the sabbath was come, 
 
 he began to teach in the synagogue : and many hearing 
 
 107 
 
io8 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 him were astonished, saying, "Whence hath this man these 
 things ? and. What is the wisdom that is given unto this 
 man, and what mean such mighty works wrought by his 
 hands ? Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, the 
 brother of James, and Joses, and Judas, and Simon ? and 
 are not his sisters here with us ? And they were offended 
 in him. And Jesus said unto them, A prophet is not 
 without honor, save in his own country, and among his 
 own kin, and in his own house. And he could there do 
 no mighty work, save that he laid his hands upon a few 
 sick folk, and healed them. And he marveled because 
 of their unbelief." 
 The Twelve Jesus now decided to send forth the Twelve, that more 
 stoned! might hear the glad news of salvation. Calling them to- 
 gether, he told them his purpose and gave them authority 
 to heal the sick, to raise the dead, to cleanse the lepers 
 and to cast out devils, and to declare that " the kingdom 
 of heaven is at hand." "And he called unto him the 
 twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two; 
 and he gave them authority over the unclean spirits ; and 
 he charged them they should take nothing for their jour- 
 ney, save a staff only; no bread, no wallet, no money in 
 their purse; but to go shod with sandals: and, said he. 
 Put not on two coats. And he said unto them, Where- 
 soever ye enter into a house, there abide till ye depart 
 thence. And whatsoever place shall not receive you, and 
 they hear you not, as ye go forth thence, shake off the 
 dust that is under your feet for a testimony unto them. 
 And they went out, and preached that men should re- 
 pent. And they cast out many devils, and anointed with 
 oil many that were sick, and healed them." How long 
 the mission lasted, we do not know. It may have con- 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 109 
 
 tinned weeks or months, bnt it was probably somewhat 
 brief.* Jesus himself was not idle during their absence, 
 but preached and taught in many cities. *'And it came 
 to pass, when Jesus had made an end of commanding his 
 twelve disciples, he departed thence to teach and preach 
 in their cities." 
 
 The sad news of the death of John the Baptist reached Death of 
 
 John the 
 
 Jesus about the time the apostles returned. Baptist. 
 
 Recall the spiritual lessons that have most im- 
 pressed you in your recent study. 
 
 STUDY XVI.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Mark vi, 1-5, and first clause of verse 6. See 
 (Matt, xiii, 58,) what stood in the way of the manifesta- 
 tion of Christ's power at Nazareth. Does Mark vi, 3, 
 fully prove that in the years before his baptism Jesus 
 followed the trade of a carpenter? (Stalker, 22; An. 
 drews, 110.) 
 
 STUDY XVI.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, ix, 35, and with this verse, Matt, iv, 17, 
 23-25; Luke viii, 1; Matt, xi, 1, showing fo»\i' or five 
 tours, embracing vast labors, teachings, and healings, 
 of which we have for the most part only these brief 
 summaries. 
 
 ♦Andrews, pp. 809, 8ia 
 
1 1 o Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Indicate on your map the course of Jesus from Capernaum to 
 Nazareth and southwestern Galilee, and return to Capernaum. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XVI. Visit to Nazareth and Southwest- 
 ern Galilee. — Mission of the Twelve. — Death of John the Bap- 
 tist. Matt, xiii, 54-58; ix, 35— xi, 1; xiv, 1-12; Mark vi, 1-29; 
 Luke ix, 1-9. 
 
 STUDY XVI.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, ix, 36-38. To be "moved with compas- 
 sion" for men is the source of all effort and power in 
 evangelistic and mission work. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 635-655,671-675; Geikie 11,161-173; Stalker, 
 60, 80-83, 106; Andrews, 307-321; Farrar, 118-122, 193-197, 
 206-214 ; Rhees, sec. 139. 
 
 STUDY XVI.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, x, and notice that it may be summed up 
 in the words, " Fear not; care not." Observe, also, how 
 here, as always, Jesus seeks to guard his disciples from 
 false and illusive hopes. They were to enter his work 
 fully forewarned of the severe experiences they were to 
 meet. (Training of the Twelve, 109-119.) 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-^work. 
 
 1. Christ's training of the twelve and of other disciples? 
 John i, 38-51; ii, 11; iv, 7-26; Mark iii, 14, 15; Matt, v-vii ; 
 Mark v, 18, 19, 37; Matt, x; Luke ix, 28-36, 52-55; x; xi, 1-13; 
 xii, 41-48; xvii, 1-10; Mark x, 13-31; John xii, 20-32; Matt, 
 xxiv, XXV ; John xiii, 3-15; xx, xxi ; Acts i, 1-8. 
 
 2. Who constituted the family of Mary, the mother of 
 Jesus? Geikie I, 111, 112; Andrews, 111 ; Bib. Diet. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 1 1 1 
 
 3. The field and time covered by tlie mission of the twelve. 
 
 4. The career and character of Herod Antipas and Herodias. 
 Edersheim, 657, 658, 672-675; Geikie I, 424-426. 
 
 5. "What substitute for the miracle-working power has God 
 given the modern Church? 
 
 6. Why did Jesus command the apostles to go not into any 
 way of the Gentiles? 
 
 7. Why did he command them, on entering a village, to 
 seek out who in it was worthy, and there to abide? 
 
 8. What practical eflfect was the shaking off of the dust of 
 the feet by the disciples designed to have on those who wit- 
 nessed it? 
 
 STUDY XVI.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark vi, 14-29, and compare it with the ac- 
 counts of Matthew and Luke. Note especially Matt. 
 •Kiv, 12. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. How long were the apostles in training from their selec- 
 tion till they were sent out independently? 
 
 2. Why were the apostles sent out two and two ? 
 
 3. How long had John the Baptist been in prison ? 
 
 4. What bearing did his death have on the spirit and work 
 of Jesus and the twelve? 
 
 5. Sketch the life of John the Baptist. 
 
 6. Give the elements of his character. 
 
 STUDY XVI.-Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, ix, 37, 38. 
 
 Write in the Harmony a simple analysis of the great 
 discourse in Matt, x, by designating what verses should 
 be placed under each of the following headings: 1. The 
 workers, their spirit and experiences. 2. The field. 
 
112 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 3. The work. 4. The maintenance. 5. The method. 
 6. The contending forces. 7. The Presence and care 
 attending the workers. 8. The recompense to those who 
 receive or reject them or their message. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "Every one therefore who shall confess me before 
 men, him will I also confess before my Father which is 
 in heaven. But whosoever shall deny me before men, 
 him will I also deny before my Father which is in 
 heaven." 
 
 Do I ever deny Christ ? Have I ever confessed him 
 before men ? 
 
 Eead Rom. x, 10. 
 
PART IV.— SEVENTEENTH VTEEK. 
 
 OHKIST FEEDS FIVE THOUSAN"D.— WALKS 
 
 ON" THE WATER— AND DISCOURSES 
 
 ON BREAD AND EATING. 
 
 STUDY XVII.— First Day. 
 
 Already worn by fatigue, Jesus heard with sorrow the JesusDe. 
 news of the sudden murder of John the Baptist, and he Rest.* ^'^^^ 
 
 felt the need of rest. The apostles returning about this 
 time from their first tour, unattended by Christ, were 
 also weary, and their Master said unto them: "Come ye 
 yourselves apart into a desert place, and rest a while. 
 For there were many coming and going, and they had no 
 leisure so much as to eat. And they went away in the 
 boat to a desert place apart." 
 
 Jesus wanted to suspend his public work for a few 
 hours of quiet conference and rest. But he had been 
 absent some time, and the multitude learning of his 
 return, were eager to hear his wonderful words. " The 
 people saw them going, and many knew them, and they 
 ran there together on foot from all the cities, and out- 
 went them." It was about six miles by water, but some 
 miles farther by land. Christ had gone for rest, but it 
 was denied him, and when he went forth out of the boat, 
 "he saw a great multitude, and he had compassion on 
 them, because they were as sheep not having a shepherd: 
 and he began to teach them many things." 
 8 113 
 
114 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 Feeds Five Jesus, Seeing their faith and interest in his words, 
 
 Thousand. 
 
 could not turn them away. Many had brought their 
 sick; these he must heal. Many others knew not the 
 way of eternal life ; them he must teach. Soon the day 
 was far spent, but the people had no thought of retiring 
 home. "And when the day was now far spent, his dis- 
 ciples came unto him, and said. The place is desert, and 
 the day is now far spent : send them away, that they may 
 go into the country and villages round about, and buy 
 themselves somewhat to eat. But he answered and said 
 unto them, Give ye them to eat. And they say unto him, 
 Shall we go and buy two hundred pennyworth of bread, 
 and give them to eat? And he saith unto them, How 
 many loaves have ye ? go and see. And when they knew, 
 they say, Five, and two fishes. And he commanded them 
 that all should sit down by companies upon the green 
 grass. And they sat down in ranks, by hundreds, and 
 by fifties. And he took the five loaves and the two 
 fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, and brake 
 the loaves; and he gave to the disciples to set before 
 them ; and the two fishes divided he among them all. And 
 they did all eat, and were filled. And they took up broken 
 pieces, twelve basketfuls, and also of the fishes. And they 
 that ate the loaves were five thousand men." 
 Walks on the ^9 night approached, "he constrained his disciples 
 ^^®* to enter into the boat, and go before him unto the other 
 side to Bethsaida, while he himself sendeth the multi- 
 tude away. And after he had taken leave of them, he 
 departed into the mountain to pray. And when even 
 was come, the boat was in the midst of the sea, and he 
 alone on the land. And seeing them distressed in row- 
 ing, for the wind was contrary unto them, about the 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 1 1 5 
 
 fourth watch of the night he cometh unto them, walking 
 on the sea; and he would have passed by them: but they, 
 when they saw him walking on the sea, supposed that it 
 was an apparition, and cried out: for they all saw him, 
 and were troubled. But he straightway spake with them, 
 and saith unto them, Be of good cheer: it is I; be not 
 afraid. And he went up unto them into the boat; and 
 the wind ceased : and they were sore amazed in them- 
 selves; for they understood not concerning the loaves, but 
 their heart was hardened. And when they had crossed 
 over, they came to the land unto Gennesaret, and moored 
 to the shore." 
 
 "And when they were come out of the boat, straight- Cures atoen- 
 way the people knew him, and ran round about that "eatwngrlt 
 whole region, and began to carry about on their beds Capernaum. 
 those that were sick, where they heard he was. And 
 wheresoever he entered, into villages, or into cities, or 
 into the country, they laid the sick in the market places, 
 and besought him that they might touch if it were but 
 the border of his garment: and as many as touched him 
 were made whole." Following these events, Jesus gave 
 important teachings on the way to Capernaum, and in 
 the synagogue of that city. 
 
 Remember during the day the command : " Thou 
 shalt meditate on these things as thou liest down 
 and as thou risest up, and as thou walkest by the 
 way." 
 
 STUDY XVII.— Second Day. 
 
 Read John vi, 1-15. Note that John's Gospel has 
 hitherto given us nothing during the second period of 
 
1 1 6 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 the Galilean ministry, and that the stupendous miracle 
 before ns is really the first event treated by all four 
 evangelists. It is true they all touch upon the opening 
 of Christ's Galilean ministry (see Harmony for Study VI), 
 but this marvelous ' sign,' the fourth in John's notable 
 list, is the only occurrence that calls forth a record in all 
 the Gospels before the Passion Week. Verses 14, 15, 
 show that it produced a great crisis, which gave a new 
 direction to Christ's work." (Stalker, 104, 105; Eders- 
 heim II, 35, 36. 
 
 STUDY XVn.— Third Day. 
 
 Bead Matt, xiv, 32-36. Verses 22, 23, reveal Christ's 
 instant course when he saw that the people purposed to 
 make him a king.* This sudden crisis has been compared 
 to his third temptation in the wilderness. Notice that 
 the account of Peter's going to Jesus on the water is 
 given by Matthew alone. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the course from Capernaum by boat to 
 the region of Bethsaida Julias, northeast of the Sea of Galilee, 
 and thence across the sea westward to Gennesaret, and to 
 Capernaum. 
 
 Harmony.— Study XVII.— Christ Feeds Five Thousand— 
 AValks on the "Water— and Discourses on Bread and Eating. 
 Matt, xiv, 13— XV, 20 ; Mark vi, 30— vii, 23 ; Luke ix, 10-17 ; John 
 vi, 1-71. 
 
 STUDY XVII,— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead John vi, 22-71. We can not measure the sig- 
 nificance of this discourse.! Jesus has just passed the 
 
 * Farrar, p. 217. •}■ Andrews, pp. 331, 832. 
 
Second Period of Galilean Ministry. 117 
 
 summit of popular favor. Henceforth, his work is not 
 extensive but intensive ; not so much for the multitudes 
 as for his chosen few, whom he will make the leaven that 
 shall leaven the whole world. l)well with deep thought- 
 fulness on verses 60, 66-68. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim I, 676-695 ; II, 3-36 ; Geikie II, 173-200 ; Stalker, 
 104-106; Andrews, 317-833; Farrar, 214-227, 239-242; Rhees, 
 sec. 146. 
 
 STUDY XVn.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt. xv. 1-20, and note that from this time his 
 enemies more directly attack his teaching, and Jesus more 
 pointedly exposes their errors, hypocrisy, and sin. (An- 
 drews, 318, 319.) 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-"work. 
 
 1. Christ's power to supply every human need. John i, 4, 
 12, 16; iv, 14; Luke iv, 18-21; Matt. iv. 23; John v, 26; Matt. 
 Xi, 5 ; Mark v, 28, 29 ; vi, 42, 43 ; John vi, 35 ; Matt, xv, 30 ; John 
 X, 27, 28; xiv, 1-3, 13, 14, 27; xv, 7, 13-15; xvii, 17-26; Matt, 
 xxviii, 18-20. 
 
 2. Why did not Jesus answer the question of the multitude ? 
 (John vi, 25.) 
 
 3. The vow of Corban and the tradition of the elders. Ox- 
 ford Bible ; Edersheim II, 17-20 ; commentaries on Mark vii, 11^ 
 
 STUDY XVII.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark vii, 1-23, and observe the profound prin- 
 ciple given in verse 15. How clearly could Peter see, es- 
 pecially after his later vision (Acts x, 9-16), that Christ 
 had made, by his statements here, "all meats clean," 
 verse 19. 
 
1 1 8 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. How do you account for the fact that so many people 
 were so far from home without food? 
 
 2. How far had those from Capernaum traveled ? 
 
 3. Methods of bread-making then in use. Bib. Diet., 
 •' Bread." 
 
 4. How large were the loaves? 
 
 5. Of what different grains was bread then made? 
 
 6. How was the night divided into watches (a) by the Jews, 
 (6) by the Romans ? Oxford Bible. 
 
 STUDY XVn.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Jolm vi, 67, 68. 
 
 Review carefully and be able to give from memory the 
 events of this Second Period of the Galilean Ministry. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 *' For the bread of God is that which cometh down out 
 of heaven, and giveth life unto the world. ... I am the 
 bread of life." Have I an appetite for spiritual food? 
 Do I feed regularly ? How fully have I assimilated the 
 spirit and life of Christ as the true bread from heaven ? 
 Read 1 Cor. x, 1-4. 
 
PART Y. 
 THIED PERIOD OF aiLILEAN MINISTRY. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ^W^EEK. 
 
 WITHDEAWAL I:N^T0 NOETHERI^ GALILEE AND 
 EETUEN TO DECAPOLIS. 
 
 STUDY XVIII.— First Day. 
 
 All through his ministry, Jesus tried to avoid open increasing 
 
 collisions with the rabbis and priests at Jerusalem, and the Phari- 
 
 the Pharisees and other disciples of the schools scattered **^**' 
 
 throughout the country. But trouble was sure to follow 
 
 his straightforward denunciation of sin. The world 
 
 hated him because he testified of it that its works were 
 
 evil. In John vii, 1, we learn that he had already been 
 
 excommunicated from worshiping in the synagogues of 
 
 Judea. The same sentence was now to be extended to 
 
 the synagogues of Galilee. Nazareth had closed its doora 
 
 to him, and we no longer read that he visited synagogues 
 
 on the Sabbath-day. He was, therefore, compelled to 
 
 find new fields in which to labor, and especially was he 
 
 in search of quiet surroundings, that he might instruct 
 
 119 
 
I20 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 the apostles carefully concerning his kingdom, knowing 
 full well th^ his time was near at hand.* 
 
 Dr. Wallace fittingly remarks concerning this period 
 of Christ's ministry: "Hostility had so increased that 
 Jesus deemed it wise to withdraw from Galilee. Only 
 one year remained to him on earth. Much of that time 
 he must spend in training his disciples. During the 
 spring and summer, forming the first half of this year, 
 he sought constantly to avoid the notice of the people, 
 that plots might not thicken about him, and that he 
 might not be interrupted in his work of teaching the 
 twelve. At first he went northward into the neighbor- 
 hood of Tyre and Sidon ; thence eastward past Hermon, 
 and southward to Decapolis; thence across the lake to 
 the west shore, where he landed at Dalmanutha ; then by 
 water to Bethsaida Julias; then north as far as Hermon, 
 and then back to Capernaum for a brief stay. Every- 
 where, as soon as his presence was known, his seclusion 
 was interrupted b^^ those who, in their affliction, came to 
 him for succor, or, hearing of his miracles, were eager to 
 see him." 
 
 We thus may see in outline the course of Christ dur- 
 ing the closing period of his work in Galilee ; and in the 
 present lesson we will now follow the course as far as to 
 Decapolis. 
 The Daugh- The first thing recorded as happening on this tour 
 ter of the Sy- ^-j^ curinff of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter. 
 
 rophoeniclan a J r o 
 
 Woman "And he entered into a house, and would have no man 
 
 Cured. 
 
 know it: and he could not be hid. But straightway a 
 woman, whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, hav- 
 ing heard of him, came and fell down at his feet. Now 
 
 * Bdershelm, pp. 36. 37. 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 121 
 
 the womau was a Greek, a Syrophoeniciau by race. And 
 
 she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out 
 
 of her daughter. And he said unto her, Let the children 
 
 first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's 
 
 bread and cast it to the dogs. But she answered and 
 
 saith unto him, Yea, Lord : even the dogs under the table 
 
 eat of the children's crumbs. And he said unto her. For 
 
 this saying, go thy way; the devil is gone out of thy 
 
 daughter. And she went away unto her house, and found 
 
 the child laid upon the bed, and the devil gone out." 
 
 How long Jesus remained about Tyre and Sidon is 
 
 unknown. It would seem as if his wonderful miracles 
 
 had hastened his departure. 
 
 "And again he went out from the borders of Tyre, Jesus De- 
 parts for De« 
 and came through Sidon unto the Sea of Galilee, through capoiis. 
 
 the midst of the borders of Decapolis." "And there came 
 
 unto him great multitudes, having with them the lame, 
 
 blind, dumb, maimed, and many others, and they cast 
 
 them down at his feet; and he healed them: insomuch 
 
 that the multitudes wondered, when they saw the dumb 
 
 speaking, the maimed whole, the lame walking, and the 
 
 blind seeing: and they glorified the God of Israel." 
 
 Remember that the drudgery of a memory drill 
 is the portico to the Palace Beautiful. 
 
 STUDY XVni.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Mark vii, 24-30. It is evident from the latter 
 part of verse 24 that Jesus still seeks retirement, but be- 
 cause of the eagerness of the people for the help he can 
 give, he does not yet find it. He shows his greatness 
 
122 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 here in a twofold way: in calmly limiting his work to 
 the sphere of his own country; and then, with equal 
 calmness, in making the exception when a higher reason* 
 requires it.* The words of Christ, verse 27, are not to 
 be taken as having in them either dissemblance or un- 
 gentleness. The Greek diminutive term, "little dogs," 
 brings this common expression for Gentiles by the Jews, 
 as used by Christ, within the feeling associations of 
 family life; i. e., the little house-dogs that run about 
 under the table, f 
 
 STUDY XVIII.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xv, 21-28. Note verse 22, that the woman 
 comes forth from the borders of Gentile territory, and 
 enters the bounds of Palestine, to meet him whom she 
 recognizes as the Messiah of the Jews. By her persistence 
 in the face of all difficulties, she became, and remains, 
 the model of true supplication and all-conquering faith. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Make a new map for Part V, and trace on it Christ's journey 
 from Capernaum round to Decapolis. 
 
 Harmony. — Part V. Third period of Galilean ministry. — 
 From the withdrawal into Northern Galilee until the final de- 
 parture for Jerusalem. Study XVIII. Withdrawal into 
 Northern Galilee, and return to Decapolis. Matt, xv, 21-31; 
 Mark vii, 24-37. 
 
 STUDY XVIII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xv, 21-28; Mark vii, 24-30, and by com- 
 bining both accounts, outline in the harmony the suc- 
 cession of all the items of the narrative. 
 
 * Ewald. + Meyer on Matt, xv, 26, 27. 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 123 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 37-47; Geikie II, 201-208; Stalker, 106; 
 Andrews, 333-336 ; Farrar, 257-261. 
 
 STUDY XVIII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Mark vii, 31; Matt, xv, 29-31, The eager haste 
 of the semi-heathen population, iu bringing the needy 
 sufferers, their wonder, and praise to the God of Israel, 
 are to be noted. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The hostility to Christ, its cause and vindictive char- 
 acter.* John i, 5, 10, 11; iii, 19, 20; Luke iv, 23-80; v, 20, 21; 
 John V, 16-18; Mark iii, 2; Matt, xii, 23, 24; ix, 34; xv, 1-14; 
 xvi, 1, 6; John viii, 43, 44, 59; x, 31, 39; xi, 53; xii, 10, 11; xv, 
 21-25; Matt, xxvii, 20-26, 41-43. 
 
 2. Eastern hospitality. Bib. Diet., " Hospitality." 
 
 3. Phoenicia. Bib. Diet. 
 
 4. Decapolis. Bib. Diet. ; Hist. Geo. H. L., 593. 
 
 STUDY XVin.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead Mark vii, 32-37. The graphic description of 
 the healing of one special case reveals Christ's use of 
 means to awaken and guide the man's faith. Verse 34, 
 in two words, discloses two striking facts: Christ's 
 "sigh," eloquent of his sense of the grievous effects of 
 sin among men; ''Ephphatha," uttered here among a 
 people using Greek, conclusive proof that Aramaic was 
 the familiar language of Jesus in his common speech. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What was the purpose of Jesus in making this tour? 
 
 2. About how much time is covered in this lesson? 
 
 * Stalker, pp. 94-145. 
 
124 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 3. What was the condition of woman among the Jews, as 
 compared with her condition among the heathen? Bib. Diet., 
 "Women." 
 
 4. Why did Jesus work miraculous cures? Stalker, 62; 
 Sanday ; Hast. Bib. Diet., "Jesus Christ," II, 627. 
 
 STUDY XVIII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Mark vii, 37. 
 
 Meditate on the broad impressions of the lesson as 
 pointing onward to Jewish rejection, and Gentile wel- 
 come of the saving power of Jesus Christ. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "She came and worshiped him, saying. Lord, help 
 me. . . . Jesus answered, ... Be it done unto thee 
 even as thou wilt." 
 
 Have I learned the secret of a victorious life, as 
 absolute abandonment of soul, and sublimity of trust 
 toward Jesus as my Lord? 
 Eead Rom. viii, 31-39. 
 
PABT v.— NINETEENTH WEEK. 
 
 FOUR THOUSAND FED— GROWING OPPO- 
 SITION—PETER'S CONFESSION. 
 
 STUDY XIX.— First Day. 
 
 Jesus was now in the region of Decapolis. People, Je»u» F««d» 
 *'lame, blind, dumb, maimed, and many others," had Thousand. 
 been healed, A great multitude was about Jesus. They 
 had listened to him for three days, and their food supply 
 was exhausted. The provisions the disciples had brought 
 were also exhausted, except seven loaves and a few fishes. 
 And Jesus said unto his disciples, "I have compassion 
 on the multitude, because they continue with me now 
 three days, and have nothing to eat: and I*would not 
 send them away fasting, lest haply they faint in the way. 
 . . . And he commanded the multitude to sit down on 
 the ground ; and he took the seven loaves and the fishes ; 
 and he gave thanks and brake, and gave to the disciples, 
 and the disciples to the multitudes. And they did all 
 eat, and were filled: and they took up that which re- 
 mained over of the broken pieces, seven baskets full. 
 And they that did eat were four thousand men, beside 
 women and children." 
 
 Jesus now sent the multitude away, and took ship Encounters 
 and came to the coasts of Magdala, on the west side of and Saddu!" 
 the lake, at the lower end of the Plain of Gennesaret, "**' 
 
 125 
 
126 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 and close to Capernaum. No sooner was his presence 
 known than his enemies began active operations. "And 
 the Pharisees and Sadducees came, and tempting him 
 asked him to shew them a sign from heaven. But he 
 answered and said unto them, When it is evening, ye say, 
 It will be fair weather: for the heaven is red. And in 
 the morning. It will be foul weather to-day: for the 
 heaven is red and lowring. Ye know how to discern the 
 face of the heaven; but ye cannot discern the signs of 
 the times. An evil and adulterous generation seeketh 
 after a sign ; and there shall no sign be given unto it, but 
 the sign of Jonah. And he left them, and departed." 
 visits Beth- This encounter caused Jesus and the apostles to leave 
 *' Magdala in such haste that they " forgot to take bread" 
 with them. It was his final rejection, and Jesus was now 
 leaving the region about Capernaum, never to return to 
 teach or work miracles publicly; indeed, he never re- 
 turned, except for brief visits. 
 
 As the boat plowed its way across the waters, Jesus 
 took occasion to discourse to them on the "leaven of the 
 Pharisees." At first they supposed the lesson he would 
 teach them was, that since they had forgotten bread, if 
 they should purchase of a Pharisee, such bread would 
 defile them; but further explanation showed that "he 
 bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the 
 teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees." 
 Cures a Blind "And they come unto Bethsaida, and they bring to 
 '^■"' him a blind man, and beseech him to touch him. And 
 he took hold of the blind man by the hand, and brought 
 him out of the village ; and when he had spit on his eyes, 
 and laid his hands upon him, he asked him, Seest thou 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 127 
 
 aught? And he looked up and said, I see men; for I 
 behold them as trees, walking. Then again he laid his 
 hands upon his eyes ; and he looked steadfastly, and was 
 restored, and saw all things clearly. And he sent him 
 away to his home, saying, Do not even enter into the 
 village." 
 
 Leaving Bethsaida Julias, Jesus went northward to Ooesto 
 Caesarea Philippi. One day, " he asked his disciples, pwiippI. 
 saying. Who do men say that the Son of man is ? And 
 they said. Some say John the Baptist; some, Elijah: and 
 others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets. He saith unto 
 them. But who say ye that I am ? And Simon Peter an- 
 swered and said. Thou art the Christ, the Son of the liv- 
 ing God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, 
 Blessed art thou, Simon Bar- Jonah : for flesh and blood 
 hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is 
 in heaven. And I also say unto thee, that thou art Peter, 
 and upon this rock I will build my church; and the 
 gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. I will give 
 unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven : and what- 
 soever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven : 
 and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed 
 in heaven." 
 
 "From that time began Jesus to show unto his dis- Foretells His 
 
 Death and 
 
 ciples, how that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer Resurrection. 
 
 many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, 
 
 and be killed, and the third day be raised up." This is 
 
 Christ's first distinct prophecy of this event. All the 
 
 disciples were shocked by the announcement. Peter 
 
 even rebuked him, saying, "Be it far from thee, Lord: 
 
 this shall never be unto thee. But he turned, and said 
 
128 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 unto Peter, Get thee behind me, Satan: thou art a 
 stumblingblock unto me: for thou mindest not the 
 things of God, but the things of men." 
 
 Fix in your mind the main points of the lesson 
 so that you may meditate upon it in your leisure 
 moments. 
 
 STUDY XIX.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Mark viii, 1-9. It has been observed that 
 Christ's ministry in three several districts was brought to 
 a close vidth a supper: in Galilee, as guests, five thousand 
 Jews; in Decapolis, four thousand semi-Gentiles; in 
 Judea, the twelve apostles. Edersheim II, 63. 
 
 STUDY XIX,— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xv, 39 — xvi, 12. Magadan, verse 39, is 
 supposed to be the same as Magdala; Dalmanutha (Mark 
 viii, 10), a place near by. The Sadducees (Matt, xvi, 1,) 
 now join with the Pharisees against Christ. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on your map for this period the course of Christ from 
 Decapolis to Magdala by boat, perhaps to Capernaum, to Beth- 
 saida Julias by boat, and to Csesarea Philippi. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XIX. Four Thousand Fed. — Growing 
 Opposition. — Peter's Confession. Matt, xv, 32 — xvi, 28; Mark 
 viii, 1— ix, 1; Luke ix, 22-27. 
 
 STUDY XIX.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Bead Mark viii, 22-26. Again Mark gives careful 
 particulars of a cure. These circumstantial details bring 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 1 29 
 
 Jesus nearer to us in his compassionate love, and we see 
 that every act of healing cost him something. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 63-92; Geikie II, 208-235; Stalker, 106-109; 
 Andrews, 336-357 ; Farrar, 260-275 ; Rhees, sees, 155-158. 
 
 STUDY XIX.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Luke ix, 18; Matt, xvi, 13-20. Humbly medi- 
 tate on the fact that Jesus' prayer-life emerges at every 
 great occasion in his ministry fraught with high interests. 
 Here his Messiahship is at last to be fully recognized and 
 confessed. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. Discipleship to Christ: its meaning and conditions. Luke 
 iii, 8-14 ; John i, 37, 43 ; ii, 5, 11 ; iii, 3, 5 ; iv, 10 ; Matt, iv, 19, 20 ; 
 John V, 24; Matt, v, 3-16, 29, 30, 43-48; vii, 24, 25; xii, 49, 50; 
 Luke viii, 15 ; Matt, x, 22, 24, 32, 37-39 ; Mark viii, 34-38; Matt, 
 xviii, 3, 21, 22; Mark xii, 30, 31; Matt, xxv, 34-40; John xv, 
 1-8 ; Acts i, 8. 
 
 2. The conception of the Messiah: (a) in the Old Testa- 
 ment; (b) in Jewish thought at the time of the lesson; (c) in 
 Peter's confession. Geikie I, 335-342; Edersheim. 
 
 3. Is the Church founded on Peter (Roman Catholic view) ; 
 or on Peter's confession (Reformers' views) ; or on Peter as the 
 representative of humanity, illuminated by the Spirit of 
 God, and confessing that Jesus is the Christ (the view of many 
 moderns) ? 
 
 STUDY XIX.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark viii, 31— ix, 1: Matt, xvi, 21-28, See the 
 relation of this disclosure to Peter's confession. The 
 Master makes known the deep things of the kingdom as 
 fast as we are fitted to receive them, 
 9 
 
130 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. What was there about Christ's meeting with the Phari- 
 sees and Sadducees at Magdala, or Capernaum, that caused him 
 to leave so suddenly? 
 
 2. Give a list of the previous occasions vphen the Messiah- 
 ship of Christ has been either stated or implied. (See the 
 Harmony sections under Studies IV, VI, XII, XVII, XVIII, 
 and Study XII, Fifth Day, Topic 1.) 
 
 3. Why, then, was Peter's confession of such supreme 
 moment? Rhees, sec. 155; Edersheim II, 91; Geikie II, 240. 
 
 4. When, also, had Jesus previously implied or foretold his 
 death? 
 
 STUDY XIX,— Seventh Day. 
 Memorize Mark viii, 34, 35. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 **But who say ye that I am? And Simon Peter an- 
 swered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the 
 living God." What is my answer? 
 Read 1 John v, 4, 6. 
 
PART v.— TWENTIETH WEEK. 
 
 CHRIST TRANSFIGURED — CURES DEMONIAC 
 
 BOY— AND AGAIN FORETELLS HIS DEATH 
 
 AND RESURRECTION. 
 
 STUDY XX.— First Day. 
 
 "Jesus had now utterly broken with the past. Hith- ^he Transfioi 
 
 uratlon. 
 
 erto he had slowly educated his disciples to right concep- 
 tions of himself and his great work. They had been in 
 his society for two years and had arisen to a better com- 
 prehension of his mission. Peter, in the name of the 
 other disciples, had confessed, 'Thou art the Christ.' 
 The announcemenf that he was to enter into his glory as 
 Messiah by suffering, shame, and death, shocked all their 
 preconceptions, and they were sorely discouraged. They 
 needed to be cheered in their despondency, and led 
 gradually to accept the disclosure of his approaching 
 humiliation. His promise that some of them, before his 
 death, should see his kingdom come with power was 
 doubtless treasured in their hearts ; but they little thought 
 its fulfilment was so near. The scene of the transfig- 
 uration, like that of nearly all other incidents in the life 
 of our Lord, is not minutely stated. St. Luke calls it 
 ' The Mountain,' but gives no closer name. It must have 
 been one of the spurs of Hermon, the lofty mountain 
 near which he then found himself. Taking those of his 
 
 little band most closely in sympathy with him, and most 
 
 181 
 
132 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 able to receive the disclosures that might be made to 
 them, he ascended into the hills towards evening for 
 silent prayer. The favored friends were Peter the rock- 
 like, his host at Capernaum from the first, and the two 
 sons of Thaddeus, John and James; loved disciples both, 
 but John, the younger, nearest his Master's heart of all 
 the twelve, as most like him in spirit. Evening fell 
 while Jesus poured out his soul in highest communion 
 with his Father, and the three having finished their 
 nightly devotions, had wrapped themselves in their abbas 
 and lain down on the hillside to sleep. Meanwhile the 
 Master continued in prayer, his whole soul filled with the 
 crisis so fast approaching. As he continued in prayer, his 
 soul rose above all earthly sorrows. Drawn forth by the 
 nearness of his Heavenly Father, the divinity within 
 shone through the veil of flesh till his raiment kindled to 
 the dazzling brightness of light and his face gleamed 
 with a sunlike majesty. Amidst such effulgence it was 
 impossible for them to sleep. Aroused by the splendor, 
 they gazed, awestruck, at the wonder, and beheld two 
 human forms, in glory like that of angels, Moses and 
 Elijah, the founder and the great defender of the old 
 economy, which he had come to supersede and fulfill. But 
 it is given to earth to have but a brief glimpse of heaven. 
 Moses and Elijah had finished their mission and were 
 about to return to the presence of God — could they not 
 be induced to stay awhile ? Peter was first to speak, ' Lord, 
 it is good for us to be here ; if thou wilt, I will make here 
 three tabernacles, one for thee, and one for Moses, and 
 one for Elijah.' It was not enough that Moses and Elijah 
 had honored him; a voice added a still higher testimony, 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 133 
 
 •This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; 
 hear ye him.' Such a confirmation of the confession of 
 Peter was never forgotten. Sore afraid, the three fell 
 on their faces; for who could stand before God? But 
 the voice had come and gone, and with it the cloud and 
 visitors from the eternal world, and Jesus was once more 
 alone." (Geikie.) 
 
 Peter seems to have thought, after this wonderful NotTaber- 
 
 nacles, but 
 
 scene and the interview with Moses and Elijah, that Help for the 
 nothing ordinary would again occur in the life of Christ 
 and the three who were with him. Yet even Jesus could 
 not escape the commonplace. He had no time to build 
 tabernacles. He was needed down in the valley where 
 there were many in affliction who must be healed. *'And 
 when they were come to the multitude, there came to 
 him a man, kneeling to him, and saying, Lord, have 
 mercy on my son : for he is epileptic, and sufEereth griev- 
 ously: for oft-times he falleth into the fire, and oft-times 
 into the water. And I brought him to thy disciples, 
 and they could not cure him. . . . And Jesus rebuked 
 him; and the devil went out from him: and the boy was 
 cured from that hour." 
 
 "And while they abode in Galilee, Jesus said unto Jesus again 
 them. The Son of man shall be delivered up into the Death and 
 hands of men; and they shall kill him, and the third day »*««"'''*««^"«"' 
 he shall be raised up. And they were exceeding sorry." 
 
 Some are saying that meditation is a lost art. — 
 Do not allo'w it to be so in your case, as you dwell 
 on this portion of the life of Christ. 
 
134 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XX.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Luke ix, 28-36. Notice again that it is Luke, 
 of the three synoptists, who brings out the feature of 
 Jesus' prayer preceding the transfiguration. The prom- 
 inence given to prayer is one of the marked distinctions 
 of this GrospeL 
 
 STUDY XX.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xvii, 1-8; Mark ix, 2-8, and carefully 
 note in each such marks of style as tend to distinguish 
 the two Gospels. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and Keferences for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the course of Chi-ist from Csesarea Phil- 
 ippi to Capernaum, as the first words of the next lesson will 
 note the arrival in that city. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XX. Christ Transfigured. — Cures De- 
 moniac Boy. — And Again Foretells his Death and Eesurrection. 
 Matt, xvii, 1-23; Mark ix, 2-32; Luke ix, 28-45. 
 
 STUDY XX.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xvii, 9-13, and compare in your mind the 
 careers and characters of Elijah and John the Baptist.* 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim 11, 91-111 ; Geikie II, 284-245 ; Stalker, 109 ; An- 
 drews, 856-361 ; Farrar, 276-280; Rhees, sees. 160, 161. 
 
 STUDY XX.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Mark ix, 14-29; Matt, xvii, 20, and dwell upon 
 these closing verses, enforcing the marvelous power of 
 prayer and faith. 
 
 *Hast. Bib. Diet., Vol. I, p. 691; Vol. II, p. 610. 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 135 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-work. 
 
 1. Christ's prophetic power and consciousness of his ap- 
 proaching death. John i, 17, 18, 51 ; ii, 19-22 ; iii, 11-13; iv, 19 
 Mark ii, 20 ; Matt, x, 16-23 ; John vi, 64, 70, 71 ; Matt, xvi, 21, 28 
 Mark xiv, 9; Matt, xx, 17-19; Luke xix, 43, 44; Matt, xxi, 46 
 xxiv, 1, 2; xxvi, 2; John xiii, 18, 19; Luke xxiv, 19. 
 
 2. The relation of natural surroundings to the life of Christ, 
 such as, (a) solitude, (b) cities, (c) the sea, (d) mountains. 
 
 3. Mt. Hermon and its fitness to be the scene of the trans- 
 figuration. Oxford Bible; Edersheim II, 94, 95; Andrews, 358. 
 
 STUDY XX.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Bead Matt, xvii, 22, 23 ; Mark ix, 30-32, and consider 
 both the sorro"w and the fear of the disciples. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What purposes were served by the transfiguration? 
 Edersheim II, 101; Geikie II, 251; Sanday (Hast. Bib. Diet.), 
 "Jesus Christ," II, 629. 
 
 2. "Why should Moses and Elijah be the ones manifested 
 with Christ? Edersheim II, 97, 101 ; Geikie II, 251, 252. 
 
 3. What did Peter intend by proposing to build three 
 tabernacles? 
 
 4. Of what was the overshadowing cloud a sign ? 
 
 5. Was the " rising again from the dead" (Mark ix, 10,) at 
 all known from the Old Testament, or in current teaching? 
 Edersheim II, 398-399; Salmond, Christian Doctrine of Immor- 
 tality; Hast. Bib. Diet., art. " Eschatology," I, 738f . 
 
 STUDY XX.— Seventh Day. 
 Memorize Matt, xvii, 19, 20. 
 
136 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "It is good for us to be here: and let us make three 
 tabernacles." "On the next day, when they were come 
 down from the mountain, a man cried, saying, Master, 
 look upon my son." Jesus healed the boy, and gave him 
 back to his father. 
 
 Am I prompt to follow every exalted spiritual privi- 
 lege with fresh service among the sin-possessed and 
 needy ? Do I realize why it is not best for me always to 
 remain in the mountain-top ? Eead 2 Cor. xii, 2-10. 
 
PART v.— rWENTY-PmST "WEEK. 
 
 TEMPLE TAX PAID AT CAPERNAUM— DIS- 
 COURSE ON HUMILITY AND 
 
 FORGIVENESS. 
 
 STUDY XXI.— First Day. 
 
 Jesus now made a brief visit to Capernaum. For Jesus' visit 
 
 to Caper- 
 about two years he had made it his headquarters. For naum. 
 
 some time he had been compelled to hide from the Phari- 
 sees, and forego meetings with the multitude. But se- 
 clusion was now impossible. Frequently he requested 
 those whom he had cured to say nothing about it, but, 
 overjoyed, they forgot the request, and proclaimed his 
 whereabouts. He could, therefore, no -longer pass openly 
 from place to place as in other days, so he purposely 
 avoided the more public roads and popular places, and 
 sought the bypaths among tho hills, where he could rest 
 as far from the people as possible. While there he did 
 no public teaching, but spent his time quietly instructing 
 his disciples. 
 
 No sooner had he reached Capernaum than the col- "e Pays the 
 
 Temple Tax. 
 
 lector of the annual tax for the support of the temple 
 "came to Peter, and said. Doth not your Master pay the 
 half-shekel ?* And he saith, Yea. And when he came 
 into the house, Jesus spake first to him, saying, What 
 thinkest thou, Simon ? the kings of the earth, from whom 
 do they receive toll or tribute ? from their sons, or from 
 
 ♦Hast. Bib. Diet., Vol. Ill, pp. 422, 428. 
 187 
 
138 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 strangers? And when he said, From strangers, Jesus 
 said unto him, Therefore the sons are free. But, lest 
 we cause them to stumble, go thou to the sea, and cast 
 a hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; 
 and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt 
 find a shekel: that take, and give unto them for me 
 and thee." 
 The Disci- The disciples appear to have been insensible to the 
 
 pies Dispute i. ± ± 
 
 by the Way. statements of Christ respecting his approaching suffer- 
 ings and death, and only sprang to the conclusion that 
 the Messianic kingdom was near at hand; and on the 
 way from Caesarea Philippi to Capernaum they had fallen 
 into a dispute as to which of their number should have 
 the best office and highest place when it should be 
 established. "And they came to Capernaum: and when 
 he was in the house he asked them, What were ye rea- 
 soning in the way ? But they held their peace : for they 
 had disputed one with another in the way, who was 
 the greatest. And he sat down, and called the twelve; 
 and he saith unto them. If any man would be first, he 
 shall be last of all, and minister of all. And he took a 
 little child, and set him in the midst of them : and tak- 
 ing him in his arms, he said unto them. Whosoever shall 
 receive one of such little children in my name, receiveth 
 me: and whosoever receiveth me, receiveth not me, but 
 him that sent me." 
 Unity and g^t the purposc of Jesus at this time was more than 
 
 Peace of the , . , , „,, . , , 
 
 Church, to Settle this dispute among the disciples. What^ has 
 been quoted is but a small part of one of the greatest and 
 most beautiful discourses delivered by Christ. The 
 eighteenth chapter of Matthew is a discourse on the 
 "Unity and Peace of Christ's Church." The first symbol 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 139 
 
 used is that of a child; so willingly submissive that it has 
 no desire to rule its own life, much less to be counted su- 
 perior to others. So the heirs of Christ's kingdom must 
 possess that submission of will designated by the term 
 childlike. In the next figure the kingdom is represented 
 as a family, and the children are brethren. Christ here 
 outlines methods of dealing with a trespassing brother, 
 and, in the eighteenth verse, declares that all who act in 
 harmony with his law on the subject have the assurance 
 that the decision of the Church below will be confirmed 
 by the Church above. "What things soever ye shall 
 bind on earth shall be bound in heaven : and what things 
 soever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." 
 As a fitting conclusion to this wonderful discourse, Christ 
 illustrates the gospel law of forgiveness by the parable of 
 the Unforgiving Servant, which is so direct in its logic 
 that it causes every unforgiving heart to pass judgment 
 upon itself. 
 
 " Let the ^vord of Christ dwell in you richly in 
 all ■wisdom." 
 
 STUDY XXI.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xvii, 24-27, and see particularly the con- 
 siderateness of Jesus in anticipating Peter (verse 25), and 
 in waiving an official right so that others would have no 
 cause to ** stumble." 
 
 STUDY XXI.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xviii, 1-4 and, meditate deeply on the use 
 of this object-lesson, as Christ enters upon the great task 
 of training the twelve in spirit and temper. *' Training 
 of the Twelve," chap. xiv. 
 
140 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 In your mind rapidly follow the journeys of Christ thus far 
 during Part V, and then refer to your map to see whether you 
 grasp them correctly. 
 
 Harmony.— Study XXI. Temple Tax Paid at Capernaum. 
 — Discourse on Humility and Forgiveness. Matt, xvii, 24 — 
 xviii, 35; Mark ix, 33-50; Luke ix, 46-50. 
 
 STUDY XXI.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Mark ix, 33-50; Matt, xviii, 10-14. To the 
 first part of the lesson Jesus is imparting (see yesterday) 
 on becoming like little children, is now added the second 
 part on receiving little children, or the weakest of his 
 followers. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 110-125; Geike II, 245-261; Stalker, 82, 83; 
 Andrews, 861-363 ; Farrar, 285-288. 
 
 STUDY XXI.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xviii, 15-20, and note that more clearly 
 than any other passage in the Gospels, it implies Church 
 organization and discipline, inspired by the intercession 
 and presence of Christ in response to united prayer.* 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class -work. 
 
 1. Christ's views as to money and property. Matt, v, 40-42 ; 
 Luke vi, 34, 35, 38; Matt, vi, 11, 19-33; xi, 5; Luke viii, 2, 3; 
 Mark iv, 19 ; Matt, x, 8-10 ; John vi, 27 ; Matt, xvi, 26 ; xvii, 24- 
 27; Luke X, 41, 42; xii, 13-21; xiv, 12-14; xvi, 9-15, 19-31 ; Mark 
 X, 21-30: Luke xxi, 1-4; John xii, 1-8; Matt, xxi, 1-7. 
 
 *Hast. Bib. Diet., Vol. 11, pp. 653, 855. 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 141 
 
 2. The temple-tax, and its collection and use. Edersheim 
 II, 111, 112; Geikie II, 263-265. 
 
 3. The slight teachings of Christ relating to the Church as 
 compared with that respecting the Kingdom. What explana- 
 tion can you ofifer ? 
 
 4. Does Jesus teach (Matt, xviii, 10,) that children will be- 
 come angels, or does he assert that their guardian angels are 
 beings of especially high rank? 
 
 5. What is meant by the words: " Every one shall be salted 
 with fire?" (Mark ix, 49.) A general discussion of the figura- 
 tive use of salt in the New Testament is very interesting. (See 
 Concordance and Commentaries.) 
 
 STUDY XXI.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xviii, 21-35, with searching examination 
 of heart, in the light of the final statement of verse 35. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. Had Christ probably paid the temple-tax in the previous 
 years of his ministry? 
 
 2. Why did he question the rightfulness of a demand on 
 him to pay it now ? 
 
 3. Can you state the ground on which Christians should 
 yield their rights or just claims? 1 Cor. viii, 13. 
 
 4. Give cases to which the principle applies. 
 
 5. What kind of ambition does Jesus approve? Geikie 
 II, 269. 
 
 6. State the Christian law of forgiveness. Edersheim II, 
 123-125. 
 
 STUDY XXI.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, xviii, 21, 22. 
 
 Review rapidly the main events of Christ's life to the 
 close of Part IV. 
 
142 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And he sat down, and called the twelve; and he 
 saith unto them, If any man would be first, he shall be 
 last of all, and minister of all." 
 
 Is my chief ambition to serve? Do I really prefer 
 that others should have the place of honor ? Do I follow 
 the example of Christ as set forth in John xiii, 3-5, 12- 
 17 ? What is my place according to the standard of rank 
 in the kingdom of heaven ? 
 
 Bead Phil, ii, 4-11; Rom. xii, 10. 
 
PART v.— TWENTY-SECOND "WEEK. 
 
 AT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES— DIS- 
 
 COURSES ON LIGHT AND 
 
 FREEDOM. 
 
 STUDY XXII.— First Day. 
 
 When Jesus reached Capernaum, great caravans of pil- Relatives 
 
 urge Jesus to 
 
 grims were already on their way to Jerusalem, to attend Attend the 
 the Feast of Tabernacles. 
 
 Some of his relatives from Nazareth called upon him 
 at this time, and urged him to go to Jerusalem to the feast, 
 that he might publicly present his work. "While they 
 seem to have clung to the teaching of the Rabbis, they 
 were not altogether hostile to his work, and were appar- 
 ently waiting to see what turn things might take. Jesus 
 had not attended the last Passover, when all the people 
 gathered in the Holy City, and, doubtless, much comment 
 and criticism had been made concerning his absence. 
 
 " Now . . . the feast of tabernacles was at hand. His 
 
 brethren therefore said unto him, Depart hence, and go 
 
 into Judaea, that thy disciples also may behold thy works 
 
 which thou doest. For no man doeth anything in secret, 
 
 and himself seeketh to be known openly. If thou doest 
 
 these things, manifest thyself to the world. For even his 
 
 brethren did not believe on him. Jesus therefore saith 
 
 unto them. My time is not yet come; but your time is 
 
 always ready. The world can not hate you, but me it hat- 
 
 143 
 
144 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 eth, because I testify of it, that its works are evil. Go 
 ye up unto the feast: I go not up yet unto this feast; be- 
 cause my time is not yet fulfilled. And having said these 
 things unto them, he abode still in Galilee." Doubtless 
 the reason why Jesus declined going with his brethren, 
 was that if he went with the great Galilean caravan, the 
 Pharisees and others would be watching for him, and 
 would know of his presence as soon as the caravan arrived, 
 and, perhaps, would succeed in arresting him before his 
 work was finished. He could go up a few days later, and 
 thus avoid publicity.* Waiting, therefore, until all was 
 quiet, and the people had made up their minds that he 
 was not coming to the feast, he, with the twelve and a 
 number of other disciples, started for Jerusalem. **But 
 when his brethren were gone up unto the feast, then went 
 he also up, not publicly, but as it were in secret. The 
 Jews therefore sought him at the feast, and said. Where 
 is he? And there was much murmuring among the mul- 
 titudes concerning him : some said, He is a good man ; 
 others said, Not so, but he leadeth the multitude astray." 
 
 Jesus at Je* The feast was at its heght when Jesus entered the 
 rusalem. 
 
 city, and suddenly made his appearance in the temple, 
 
 and began to teach those who gathered about him. It was 
 not long before he was recognized, and some one cried 
 out, " Is not this he whom they seek to kill? And lo, 
 he speaketh openly, and they say nothing unto him. Can 
 it be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ?" 
 They seem to have planned to arrest him at this time ; 
 but, coming late to the feast, they are completely sur- 
 prised and off their guard, and hardly know what course 
 to take. They were also amazed at his power to interpret 
 
 "Andrews, pp. 841-343. 
 
Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 1 45 
 
 the Scriptures. A humble Galilean, he had never attended 
 the schools, and they could not help feeling that God 
 must have taught him as he did the prophets of old. 
 " On the last day, the great day of the feast, Jesus stood 
 and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto 
 me, and drink. He that believeth on me, as the scripture 
 hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living 
 water. . . , Some of the multitude therefore, when they 
 heard these words, said. This is of a truth the prophet. 
 Others said. This is the Christ. But some said. What, 
 doth the Christ come out of Galilee? Hath not the scrip- 
 ture said that the Christ cometh of the seed of David, and 
 from Bethlehem, the village where David was? So there 
 arose a division in the multitude because of him." The 
 chief priests and Pharisees, hearing his words and won- 
 dering why he had not been arrested, asked the officers 
 charged with the duty, "Why did ye not bring him? The 
 officers answered, Never man so spake. The Pharisees 
 therefore answered them. Are ye also led astray ?" While 
 at Jerusalem, in spite of the opposition against him, and 
 the determined effort to arrest him, Jesus succeeded in 
 delivering several discourses recorded in the seventh and 
 eighth chapters of John. 
 
 "As I was musing the fire burned." This is 
 usually the experience of the Bible student who has 
 learned "to labor and to wait." 
 
 STUDY XXII.-Second Day. 
 
 Read John vii, 1-13. Recall the close of chapter vi 
 in this Gospel, coming in lesson seventeen. About six 
 
146 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 months have elapsed, during which Jesus has been still 
 working in Galilee. Now his brothers urge him to go 
 into Judea, that his disciples there (see John iv, 1) may 
 see his miraculous works. Much as with Mary at the 
 wedding at Cana, Jesus' idea of the time at which to act 
 does not agree with theirs, but the later step is like what 
 they suggest. Not, however, because they suggest it, 
 does Jesus go; but because the time has now come for 
 him to begin the assertion publicly of his Messiahship at 
 the capital before the leaders of the people. In a three- 
 fold manner is this to be done — at the Feasts of Taber- 
 nacles, Dedication, and the Passover. Hold this main 
 idea in mind as you read the discourses which follow to 
 the time of the crucifixion. 
 
 STUDY XXII.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead John vii, 14-36. Dwell upon the vital principle 
 in verse 17. It is one which Jesus everywhere uplifts in 
 this Gospel. See how emphatic he now makes the 2:)oint 
 that he is sent from God, hence is the Messiah, verses 18, 
 28, 29, 33. 
 
 SuggestiouB for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on your map Jesus' journey from Capernaum to Jeru- 
 salem, and his return to Galilee, as is supposed, immediately 
 after the Feast of Tabernacles. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXII. At the Feast of Tabernacles. — 
 Discourses on Light and Freedom. John vii, 1 — viii, 59. 
 
 STUDY XXII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read John vii, 37-51. As the ceremony, at the Feast 
 of Tabernacles, of water-pouring occurred, Jesus probably 
 
. Third Period of Galilean Ministry. 147 
 
 made the declaration in verse 37 ; and as the four great 
 golden candelabra in the court of the women were lighted, 
 that of John viii, 12.* 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 126-130, 143-176 ; Geikie II, 262-290 ; Andrews, 
 365-379; Fari-ai-, 288-307. 
 
 STUDY XXII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead John viii, 12-30. Mark the profound state- 
 ments of verses 12, 23, 24. No Avonder they ask, "Who 
 art thou ?" (v. 25) and that, as he spake these things, 
 *'many believed on him." Verse 30. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. Christ's attitude toward sin. Matt. i,21; iii, 12; iv, 10; 
 John i, 29; Matt, v; vii, 23; Mark iii, 27-29; ix, 42-48; John 
 viii, 24, 34-36, 44-46 ; Luke ix, 52-55 ; John ix, 2, 3, 40, 41 ; Luke 
 XV, 1,2, 7, 10, 20-24; xvi, 14-31; Matt, xxiii, 13-39; xxv, 45, 
 46; John xv, 22-25; xvi, 8, 9; Luke xxiii, 34; John xx, 21-23; 
 Luke xxiv, 47. 
 
 2. The Feast of Tabernacles and the custom of pouring of 
 water in connection therewith. Edersheim 11, 149, 150, 158. 
 
 3. The " I ams " of Christ in John's Gospel. 
 
 4. Why does John note that Jesus proclaimed himself in the 
 treasury as he taught in the temple? 
 
 5. Express in your own language the point of Jesus' 
 answer to the boast of the Jews that they were Abraham's 
 seed. (John viii, 20.) 
 
 6. What is the nature of the freedom of the followers of 
 Christ? 
 
 ♦Edersheim, Vol. II, pp. ico, 165; Hast. Bib. Diet., Vol. I, p. 861. 
 
148 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXn. -Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John viii, 31-59. In this section of the dis- 
 course, Christ reveals the terrible bondage and connec- 
 tions of sin, vs. 34, 44; and his power to make free from 
 sin, V. 36; and asserts in the most sublime manner his 
 own sinlessness and eternal existence, vs. 46, 58. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Name and locate the provinces of Palestine. Bib. Diet. 
 
 2. Who were authorized to teach in the temple? 
 
 3. Who are meant by the rulers ? 
 
 4. What were the subjects of instruction in the schools of 
 that time ? Bib. Diet., " Education ;" Edersheim I, 226-233. 
 
 5. Would it have been to Christ's advantage to have been 
 taught in them? 
 
 6. Name three noted Kabbis of that day. Bib. Diet., 
 •• Scribes ;" Geikie I, 275 ; Edersheim 1, 128, 129. 
 
 STUDY XXII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John vii, 17. 
 
 Carefully review the course of events through Part V. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 " If therefore the Son shall make you free, ye shall be 
 free indeed." Free from what ? 
 Have I this freedom ? 
 Read John viii, 32; Rom. viii, 1, 2. 
 
PAET YI. 
 THE PEREAN MINISTRY. 
 
 TWENTY-THIRD 'WEEK. 
 
 FROM FINAL DEPARTURE FROM GALILEE 
 TO ATTENDANCE AT FEAST OF 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 STUDY XXm.— First Day. 
 
 Months have passed since Jesus sent out the twelve Jesus sends 
 on their first missionary journey. Their mission at that seventy. 
 time was to the Jews only, for the minds of the disciples 
 had not been so broadened as to believe that Jesus could 
 save Gentiles as well as Jews. But further teaching from 
 the lips of Jesus, and cures wrought in Northern Galilee 
 among the Gentiles, had removed much of this prejudice. 
 Feeling that the time was short, Jesus determined to 
 enlarge his work by sending out the seventy, who should 
 journey "two and two before his face into every city and 
 place, whither he himself was about to come," and pro- 
 claim their Master the Savior of mankind. Their com- 
 mission was much like that of the twelve. "Behold, I 
 send you forth as lambs in the midst of wolves. Carry 
 no purse, no wallet, no shoes." They were to "salute no 
 man on the way," for their business was urgent. They 
 were to eat and drink such things as were set before 
 them, and show a contented spirit. Just how long the 
 
 149 
 
150 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 seventy continued this preaching tour we can not tell, 
 but St. Luke makes it clear that when they returned it 
 was "with joy, saying, Lord, even the devils are subject 
 unto us in thy name." As Jesus heard their story he re- 
 joiced with them, and said unto them, "Behold, I have 
 given you authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, 
 and over all the power of the enemy: and nothing shall 
 in any wise hurt you. Howbeit in this rejoice not, that 
 the spirits are subject unto you; but rejoice that your 
 names are written in heaven." 
 Parable of Following the account of the return of the seventy, 
 Samaritan*! St. Luke records the parable of the Good Samaritan, 
 which has greatly stimulated philanthropy through all 
 the history of the Church, and which was the beginning 
 of the greatest sociological movement of all time. "A 
 certain lawyer stood up and . . . said unto Jesus, And 
 who is my neighbor ? Jesus made answer, ... A cer- 
 tain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho ; and 
 he fell among robbers, which both stripped him and beat 
 him, and departed, leaving him half dead. And by 
 chance a certain priest was going down that way: and 
 when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. And 
 in like manner a Levite also, when he came to the place, 
 and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a certain 
 Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was : and when 
 he saw him, he was moved with compassion, and came to 
 him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on them oil and 
 wine; and he set him on his own beast, and brought him 
 to an inn, and took care of him. . . . Which of these 
 three, thinkest thou, proved neighbor unto him that fell 
 among the robbers? And he said, He that shewed mercy 
 on him. And Jesus said unto him. Go, and do thou 
 likewise." 
 Jesus Heals *'And as he passed by, he saw a man blind from his 
 Bor*n BiuTd! birth. And his disciples asked him, saying. Rabbi, who 
 did sin, this man, or his parents, that he should be born 
 blind? Jesus answered, Neither did this man sin, nor 
 
The Perean Ministry. 151 
 
 his parents: but that the works of God should be made 
 manifest in him." It was a prevalent belief that all 
 disease and misfortune was a direct punishment from 
 God for some particular sin. Jesus undertook to cor- 
 rect this gross error in the thinking of the disciples, 
 saying, "Neither did this man sin, nor his parents.'* 
 Jesus did not say that he had never sinned, nor that men 
 do not pay the penalty for transgressing the laws of their 
 physical being; but that this affliction of blindness, like 
 many other calamities, was not necessarily the result of 
 some particular sin. 
 
 At the Feast of Dedication, Jesus more fully revealed Attends the 
 his Messiahship. "The Jews came round about him, ication. 
 and said unto him, ... If thou art the Christ, tell us 
 plainly." Then he boldly declared, "I and the Father 
 are one;" as much as to say, "I am His Son, I am the 
 Savior of men." Then "the Jews took up stones again 
 to stone him, , . . and he went forth out of their hand." 
 
 It is well each week for the student to select 
 some portion of the lesson as a kind of specialty. 
 Let him go over this one point every day during 
 the week. At the end he will usually find that his 
 ideas are greatly clarified on the subject. 
 
 STUDY XXIII.— Second Day. 
 
 Head Matt, xix, 1, 2; Mark x, 1; Luke ix, 51 — x, 24. 
 After weighing many different views as to the true order 
 of events in Christ's life after the Feast of Tabernacles, 
 Andrews decides that the most acceptable is that which 
 includes his return to Galilee, and puts the final depart- 
 ure from Galilee a few days before the Feast of Dedica- 
 tion. "It is generally admitted that the starting point 
 was Capernaum; the goal was Jerusalem." So we have 
 reached the time when the province and city most favored 
 
152 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 in the earthly life of our Lord are to see his face no more. 
 Have this thought in mind as you read. 
 
 STUDY XXIII.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xi, 25-30. We feel a divine pathos in the 
 words of Jesus at this period. He who, in our reading 
 of yesterday, was leaving the only locality and city ever 
 called his home, and was saying to the scribe, "The Son 
 of man hath not where to lay his head," in our present 
 passage rejoices in the Holy Spirit (Luke x, 21), and 
 offers himself as the refuge of the weary and heavy laden 
 of all centuries, climes, and races. 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Make a new map for the period of the Perean Ministry, and 
 mark on it the probable journey of Christ from Capernaum to 
 Northern Samaria, thence across the Jordan into Perea, and his 
 later course to Bethany and Jerusalem. 
 
 Harmony. — Part VI. The Perean Ministry. — From the 
 Final Departure from Galilee until the Final Arrival at Jeru- 
 salem. Study XXIII. From Final Departure from Galilee to 
 Attendance at Feast of Dedication. Matt, six, 1, 2; viii, 19-22; 
 xi, 20-30 ; Mark x, 1 ; Luke ix, 51— x, 42 ; John ix, 1— x, 42. 
 
 STUDY XXIII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke x, 25-42. Verses 38-42 give the visit of 
 Jesus to the home of the sisters at Bethany, probably in 
 connection with his attendance at the Feast of Dedication. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 126-147, 177-196, 233-239; Geikie II, 112-114, 
 291-308; Stalker, 109, 110; Andrews, 365-390, 396-401; Farrar, 
 307-324, 336-338, 341-347 ; Rhees, sec. 171. 
 
 STUDY XXIII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read John ix, and note that the center of the con- 
 tending forces is in this: "If any man should confess 
 him to be the Christ" (verse 22); and, "Dost thou be- 
 
The Perean Ministry, 153 
 
 lieve on the Son of God?" (verse 35.) John probably 
 gave this very large space to the blind man incident be- 
 canse it so perfectly reflected the state of public feeling. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The emotional nature of Christ. John ii, 17; iv, 32; 
 Mark iii, 5; Matt, xiv, 14; Mark vii, 34; viii, 12; Luke x, 21; 
 xiii, 32; John xi, 33, 35; Luke xix, 41; John xii, 27; Luke xxii, 
 14; John xiv, 27; xv, 11; Matt, xxvi, 37; Mark xvi, 7; John xx, 
 18; John xxi, 12. 
 
 2. Perea, its location and people. Bib. Diet. ; Smith Hist. 
 Geo. H. L., 539; Andrews, 338; Geikie I, 314, 315. 
 
 3. How fitted to be the last field of Christ's ministi*y before 
 the Passion Week. 
 
 4. Let some student make a special study of the Perean 
 ministry (Luke ix, 51 — xix, 28), fastening its main points in the 
 mind, and noticing the distinctive features of Luke's record, 
 such as his emphasis on the cosmopolitanism of Christ, etc. 
 
 STUDY XXin.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John x, 1-42. These wonderful sayings of 
 Jesus disclose his essential oneness with the Father, and 
 assure us of our perfect and everlasting security if we 
 but keep our souls in his hands. Note the manifest 
 improvement in the meaning as brought out by the re- 
 visers' translation of verses 14 and 15. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What was the difference between the mission of the 
 seventy and that of the twelve? Edersheim II, 135; An- 
 drews, 381. 
 
 2. What did Christ mean in the words, "I beheld Satan 
 fallen as lightning from heaven?" 
 
 3. Have we account of any of Christ's works in Chorazin or 
 Bethsaida? 
 
 4. Did Jesus follow any systematic plan for the evangeliza- 
 tion of Palestine?' 
 
 5. What was a "lawyer?" Ox. Bib. 
 
 6. What was the difference between a priest and a Levite? 
 
154 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXIII— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt. xi. 28-30. 
 
 Seek, by a careful survey, to grasp the great truths of 
 John, chapters vi-x, and weigh these as chapter names : 
 6. Bread; 7. Water; 8. Light; 9. Sight; 10. Good Shep- 
 herd. (The discussion of these chapters in the commen- 
 taries of Wescott and Godet is very rich.) 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 *' But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where 
 he was : and when he saw him, he was moved with com- 
 passion, and he came to him, and bound up his wounds, 
 and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an 
 inn, and took care of him." 
 
 Are my deeds prompted by a Christlike compassion? 
 
 Read 1 John iv, 7-21. 
 
PART VI.— TWENTY-FOURTH "WEEK. 
 
 TEACHINGS, PARABLES, AND MIRACLES IN 
 PEREA. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— First Day. 
 
 When Jesus attended the Feast of Dedication and de- Teaching in 
 Glared openly, " I and the Father are one," the Jews took 
 up stones again to stone him, "And he went away again 
 beyond Jordan into the place where John was at the 
 first baptizing ; and there he abode. . . . And many be- 
 lieved on him there." He thus resumed his ministry in 
 Perea. The seventy had preceded him and had opened 
 the work, and the people were curious concerning his 
 coming. Many of the discourses which Jesus had deliv- 
 ered in Galilee were repeated in Perea, with now and 
 then a few slight changes. For instance, Luke xi, 1-4, 
 the Lord's Prayer was taught again. Jesus also repeated 
 his teaching on moral cleanliness, reproving the people 
 for foolishly following the details of the ceremonial law. 
 The opposition of the Pharisees was waged in much the 
 same way as in Galilee. Their objections were almost 
 identical, and his discussions with them were similar. 
 His life was now exceedingly filled with teaching, and 
 many of his greatest parables and discourses were de- 
 livered. 
 
 One day, when Jesus was discoursing on the leaven of ''^'"t'*'* "' 
 
 •" 1 . T • 1 . 1 • '•'^ Foolish 
 
 the Pharisees, " One out of the multitude said unto him. Rich Man. 
 Master, bid my brother divide the inheritance with me. 
 But he said unto him, Man, who made me a judge or a 
 divider over you ? And he said unto them. Take heed, 
 and keep yourselves from all covetousness: for a man's 
 life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which 
 
 155 
 
156 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 he possesseth." And he spake a parable unto them, say- 
 ing, *' The ground of a certain rich man brought forth 
 plentifully: and he reasoned within himself, saying, 
 What shall I do, because I have not where to bestow my 
 fruits ? And he said, This will I do : I will pull down my 
 barns, and build greater ; and there will I bestow all my 
 corn and my goods. And I will say to my soul. Soul, 
 thou hast much goods laid up for many years ; take thine 
 ease, eat, drink, be merry. But God said unto him, 
 Thou foolish one, this night is thy soul required of thee ; 
 and the things which thou hast prepared, whose shall they 
 be ? So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is 
 not rich toward God." 
 Woman "And he was teaching in one of the synagogues 
 Sabbath, on the sabbath day. And behold, a woman which had 
 a spirit of infirmity eighteen years ; and she was bowed 
 together, and could in no wise lift herself up. And 
 when Jesus saw her, he called her, and said to her, 
 Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity. And 
 he laid his hands upon her: and immediately she 
 was made straight, and glorified God. And the ruler 
 of the synagogue, being moved with indignation be- 
 cause Jesus had healed on the sabbath, answered and 
 said to the multitude. There are six days in which 
 men ought to work: in them therefore come and be 
 healed, and not on the day of the sabbath. But the 
 Lord answered him, and said, Ye hypocrites, doth 
 not each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or 
 his ass from the stall, and lead him away to watering ? 
 And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abra- 
 ham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen 
 years, to have been loosed from this bond on the day 
 of the sabbath ?" 
 Three Para- «' j^qw all the publicans and sinners were drawing near 
 * unto him for to hear him. And both the Pharisees and 
 the scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sin- 
 ners, and eateth with them." Then Jesus delivered three 
 
The Perean Ministry. 157 
 
 of his clearest parables, which were calculated to correct 
 the false notions of the Pharisees concerning God's atti- 
 tude toward sinners. The Pharisees taught that God re- 
 joiced when the sinner perished. Jesus taught that 
 "there shall be joy in heaven over one sinner that repent- 
 eth." The first of these parables was that of the Lost 
 Sheep, the second, the Lost Coin, and the third, the Prod- 
 igal Son. The last of these is by far the strongest. Ten- 
 der and gracious is the heart of a God who would seek for 
 a sinner as a man seeks for a lost animal or a lost coin, 
 but exceedingly more gracious the heart of God when 
 he receives a sinner who, like the prodigal, has wasted 
 the Father's earnings and returns in rags to be reinstated 
 in the Father's house. 
 
 At this same time, he delivered two other parables, Two Para- 
 which are recorded in the sixteenth chapter of Luke, the warning. 
 Unjust Steward and Dives and Lazarus. 
 
 With the complex material of this week, the first 
 'work will be to get the essential facts clearly in the 
 memory. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Luke xi, 1-13. The Study for this week takes 
 us through the heart of that section of Luke in which he 
 alone gives the main portion of Jesus' words and work in 
 Perea. The present passage enforces the point that this 
 is the Gospel of Prayer, and bears witness to the addi- 
 tional truth that it is the Gospel of the Holy Spirit, v. 13. 
 The Holy Spirit is named sixteen times in Luke, 
 equaling the total of Matthew and Mark, and exceeding 
 that of John. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Luke xi, 37-54; xii, 1-12, 32-48; xiii, 1-9, 
 31-35. Through all these passages, amid the solemn 
 
158 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 setting of woes and warnings, shine out the gracious 
 assurances of an all-embracing providence for Christ's 
 disciples, xii, 6, 7, 32; injunctions to watchfulness and 
 fidelity on the part of all, xii, 35-40; especially the 
 apostles as stewards, xii, 41-48; and sorrow over the 
 doom awaiting Jerusalem, xiii, 34, 35. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the course of Christ fi*om Jerusalem to 
 Perea, and probably to its northern part near the scene of his 
 baptism. Edersheim II, 232. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXIV. Teachings, Parables, and Mir- 
 acles in Perea. Luke xi, 1-13; xi, 37 — xvii, 10. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Luke xiv, 1-24, and again see the emphasis with 
 which our thought is directed in Luke to the poor and 
 unfortunate, vs. 12-14. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 196, 197, 204-225, 232, 239-283, 298-307; Geikie 
 II, 140-143, 295, 308, 309, 317-339, 341-344 ; Andrews, 384, 390-397, 
 400-404 ; Farrar, 347, 243-245, 326-335, 230-233, 338, 339. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke xv. The outreaching love of the com- 
 passionate heart of God for sinners is here portrayed in 
 the parable of the Prodigal Son. Notice v. 20. Easily 
 first of the parables of grace, it may well be regarded as 
 the greatest of all the parables. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Glass-work. 
 
 1. Christ as a soul-winner and teacher. John i, 35-51 ; 
 iii, 1-15; iv ; Mark i, 22, 23; Luke v, 27-32; vii, 47-50; Mark iv, 
 1, 2; Matt, ix, 36-38; John vi, 67-69; Matt, xv, 21-28; Luke x, 
 38-42; XV ; Mark x, 13-22; Luke xix, 1-10; Mark xii, 28-34; 
 John xii, 20-26, 32; Luke xxiii, 42, 43. 
 
The Perean Ministry. 159 
 
 2, Foods, meals, and social dinners among the Jews of 
 Christ's time. Edersheim II, 205, 210; Bib. Diet., "Meals." 
 
 3. Laws of inheritance among the Jews. Bib. Dict.» 
 "Heirs;" Edersheim II, 259. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Luke xvi. Mark what contrasted lights and 
 shadows are placed beside each other in Luke. Just after 
 the three parables of grace come these two parables of 
 warning. The parable of the Unjust Steward, though 
 difficult to the beginner, is nevertheless clear to the per- 
 sistent student who has grasped the method of Jesus. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. In what two places is the Lord's Prayer given 7 
 
 2. To what class of parables do those of Luke mostly be- 
 long? (See Study XIII, Seventh Day.) 
 
 3. Teaching of the parable of the Prodigal Son. 
 
 4. Compare the attitude of the Pharisees with that of the 
 elder brother. Edersheim II, 263. 
 
 5. Explain parable of the Unjust Steward. 
 
 6. Write three short statements of Jesus found in the Gospel 
 material for this week, showing how we should regard and use 
 money and property. 
 
 STUDY XXIV.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Luke xii, 6, 7. 
 
 The third Gospel has almost certainly, through the 
 intimate association of the writer thereof with Paul, felt 
 the impress of that great apostle's thought and spirit. Let 
 us, in the light of Paul's life and preaching and epistles, 
 all of which had gone before, consider each special quality 
 of this Gospel thus far named ; its breadth of sympathy, 
 embracing all races and conditions; its recognition of 
 woman, of prayer, of the Holy Spirit ; its parables of grace, 
 and its multiplied contrasts. More fully than we at first 
 perceive, the Spirit of God may have used the four 
 greatest natures among the apostles in producing the 
 four Gospels — Matthew, Peter, Paul, and John. The 
 
i6o Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 highest lives were inspired to portray, and were thus 
 linked forever with "the Life." Hast. Bib. Diet., 
 ''Luke;" The Historical New Testament, pp. 272, 367; 
 Meyer on Luke, Introduction; The Messages of the 
 Books, p. 75. 
 
 Personal Thought, 
 
 " Let your loins be girded about, and your lamps 
 burning ; and be ye yourselves like unto men looking for 
 their lord, when he shall return from the marriage feast; 
 that, when he cometh and knocketh, they may staightway 
 open unto him." 
 
 Am I working and watching in the spirit of these 
 words? 
 
 Read Mark xiii, 34, 37. 
 
PART VI.— TWENTY-FIFTH WEEK. 
 
 LAZARUS RAISED AT BETHANY— WITH- 
 DRAWAL TO EPHRAIM. 
 
 STUDY XXV.— First Day. 
 
 While Jesus was exceedingly busy with his teaching "''•'e Death of 
 
 Lazarus. 
 
 in Perea, a family in Bethany of Judea, whom he loved, 
 were in great distress over the sickness and death of 
 Lazarus. When the two sisters, Mary and Martha, saw 
 that their brother was dangerously ill, they sent a mes- 
 senger to Jesus, saying, "Lord, behold, he whom thou 
 lovest is sick." Although the message touched his heart, 
 either he could not leave his work or he waited for the 
 leading of the Father, and "he abode at that time two 
 days in the place where he was. Then after this he 
 saith to the disciples. Let us go into Judea again." The 
 disciples, knowing the hatred of the Pharisees, and being 
 familiar with the plot to kill their Master, said to him, 
 "The Jews were but now seeking to stone thee; and 
 goest thou thither again?" for Bethany was but two 
 miles distant from Jerusalem. But they could not hinder 
 him, and he said, "I go, that I may awake him out of 
 sleep." Then said Thomas unto his fellow-disciples, 
 "Let us also go, that we may die with him." When 
 Jesus reached Bethany, he found that Lazarus had been 
 dead four days and had been buried, and many Jews 
 
 were present to comfort Mary and Martha. 
 11 161 
 
1 62 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 TheSympa- When Jesus, therefore, saw the latter weeping, and 
 thy of Jesus. , . , . . 
 
 the Jews also weeping, " he groaned in the spirit, and was 
 
 troubled, and said, Where have ye laid him?" They 
 
 said, " Lord, come and see." It is at this point that the 
 
 Gospel of John, which so fully affirms the Deity of Christ, 
 
 also permits us to see the profoundly human side of his 
 
 life and the reality of his emotional nature. "Jesus 
 
 wept. The Jews therefore said, Behold how he loved 
 
 him! . . . Jesus therefore again groaning in himself 
 
 Cometh to the tomb. Now it was a cave, and a stone lay 
 
 against it." 
 
 Lazarus Re- "Jesus saith. Take ye away the stone. . . . And Jesus 
 
 stored to 
 
 Life, lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that 
 thou heardest me. And I knew that thou hearest me 
 always: but because of the multitude which standeth 
 around I said it, that they may believe that thou didst 
 send me. And when he had thus spoken, he cried with 
 a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth. He that was dead 
 came forth, bound hand and foot with grave-clothes ; and 
 his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith 
 unto them. Loose him, and let him go." Some believed 
 on him. Some hastened back to Jerusalem to tell the 
 Pharisees what had happened. Soon the city was all 
 astir, and those in authority deliberated as to what could 
 be done to counteract the influence of this the greatest 
 of all miracle-workers. 
 The Decision "The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gath- 
 
 oftheSanhe- n t-, .i • 
 
 drin. ered a council, and said, What do we? tor this man 
 doeth many signs. If we let him thus alone, all men will 
 believe on him: and the Eomans will come and take 
 away both our place and our nation. But a certain one 
 of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said unto 
 
The Perean Ministry. 163 
 
 them, Ye know nothing at all, nor do ye take account 
 that it is expedient for you that one man should die for 
 the people, and that the whole nation perish not. Now 
 this he said not of himself: but being high priest that 
 year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for the nation; 
 and not for the nation only, but that he might also gather 
 together into one the children of God that are scattered 
 abroad. So from that day forth they took counsel how 
 they might put him to death." 
 
 "Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jesus with- 
 Jews, but departed thence into the country near to the Ephraim. 
 wilderness, into a city called Ephraim; and there he 
 tarried with the disciples." 
 
 In the raising of Lazarus we have a special op- 
 portunity of realizing the difference between the 
 miracles of Christ and those attributed to other re- 
 ligious leaders. The miracles of Jesus are wrought 
 in ministration to some human need, and are, at the 
 same time, made to carry a profound revelation of 
 himself. 
 
 STUDY XXV.— Second Day. 
 
 Read John xi, 1-16. Profound interest centers in this 
 miracle of the raising of Lazarus. It crowns the series 
 of seven " signs " recorded by John.* After the prologue 
 in the first chapter, there are three main parts to the 
 Fourth Gospel: Chapters i, 19— iv, 54, cover an early 
 period in which faith and unbelief respecting Christ had 
 their beginnings; v-xii, mark the growth of unbelief in 
 
 •Messages of the Books, p. lOl. 
 
164 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Israel; xiii-xxi, unfold the growth of faith in the dis- 
 ciples.* So this supreme miracle stands at the point 
 where unbelief culminates in the council of the leaders 
 of Israel decreeing the death of Christ. Note what an 
 insight we gain in the present passage into the relation 
 between Christ and his disciples. We see their frank 
 expression of thought and feeling, and their deep affec- 
 tion and devotion. 
 
 STUDY XXV.— Third Day. 
 
 Read John xi, 17-33. How delicate and consistent 
 are all the touches of description by which the qualities 
 of Martha and Mary are disclosed both here and in Luke 
 X, 38-42. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on your map the course of Christ from Perea to Beth- 
 any, and thence to Ephraim, which may be located either in 
 Northeastern Judea or in Northern Perea. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXV. Lazarus Raised at Bethany. — 
 Withdrawal to Ephraim. John xi, 1-54. 
 
 STUDY XXV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead John xi, 33-38. Recall the great key-truth of 
 the prologue, " The Word became flesh, and dwelt among 
 us." The tears of Jesus bear witness to his complete 
 humanity and true emotional nature, and reflect his per- 
 fect sympathy. (See also Study XI, Fifth Day, 1, and 
 XXIII, Fifth Day, 1.) 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 308-326 ; Geikie II, 309-317 ; Stalker, 110, 111 ; 
 Andrews, 404-410; Farrar, 357-364; Rhees, sec. 173, 174. 
 
 *Godet on John, Vol. 1, p. 299. 
 
The Perean Ministry. 165 
 
 STUDY XXV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Bead John xi, 39-46. Every feature of majesty and 
 truth combines to make this the miracle of miracles in 
 the ministry of Jesus, and the result is a wider circle of 
 faith, and a more determined center of opposition.* 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Glass-work. 
 
 1. Christ's power over nature, spirits, disease, and death. 
 John ii, 6-11; Luke v, 4-26; Mark i, 23-34, 41, 42; John v, 21, 
 25-29; Matt, viii, 13; Luke vii, 14, 15; Mark iv, 39; v, 6-8, 41, 
 42 ; Matt, xiv, 19-21, 25 ; Luke ix, 37-42 ; John ix, 1-7 ; x, 17, 18 ; 
 xi, 25, 26, 43, 44 ; Matt, xxi, 19 ; John xx, 6-9. 
 
 2. The observation of mourning for the dead among the 
 Jews by relatives and friends. Bib. Diet., " Mourning ;" Eders- 
 heim II, 316. (See also Study XI, Fifth Day, 2.) 
 
 3. The Sanhedrin, how composed, and its meetings and 
 privileges. Bib. Diet. 
 
 STUDY XXV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John xi, 47-54. The "council" (verse 47) was 
 a meeting of the Sanhedrin, the highest Judicial and 
 governing body of the Jews — not a regular meeting, but 
 a hasty gathering to deliberate on what should be done.f 
 Caiaphas, high priest for that memorable year in which 
 Jesus was put to death, unwittingly uttered a far greater 
 truth than he intended. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. What reason would you assign for Jesus' delay in re- 
 sponding to the call of the sisters? 
 
 2. Describe the location of Bethany with reference to Je- 
 rusalem. 
 
 * Edersheim, Vol. II, p. 308. + Andrews, p. 408. 
 
1 66 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 3. Briefly state the doctrine of the resurrection as referred 
 to in verse 24. 
 
 4. What is the shortest verse in the Bible ? 
 
 5. Put down in order the seven miracles or "signs'* re- 
 corded in John i-xii. 
 
 6. What two contrasted effects were produced by them? 
 See John xx, 30, 31 ; xi, 37-43. 
 
 STUDY XXV.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John xi, 25, 26. 
 
 Fix on the name for John xi, and review the chapter- 
 names for this Gospel up to and including this chapter. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "The Jews were but now seeking to stone thee; and 
 goest thou thither again ? Jesus answered, Are there not 
 twelve hours in the day? If a man walk in the day, he 
 stumbleth not. . . . Let us go unto him. Thomas there- 
 fore, who is called Didymus, said unto his fellow-disciples. 
 Let us also go, that we may die with him." 
 
 Have I the purposefulness of Jesus or the consecra- 
 tion of Thomas ? 
 
 Read Acts xx, 22-24. 
 
PART VI.— TW:E3NTY-SIXTH tatebk. 
 
 TEACHINGS, PARABLES, AND MIRACLES IN 
 FINAL JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM- 
 ANOINTING AT BETHANY. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— First Day. 
 
 "And it came to pass, as they were on the way to Je- Jesus begins 
 rusalem, that he was passing through the midst of Samaria ^^ Jerusalem. 
 and Galilee." His brief retirement to Ephraim was past, 
 and the Savior of men prepared for his last journey to 
 Jerusalem. We can not be certain just where each sep- 
 arate discourse included in the last few studies, was de- 
 livered. But time and place are not most important; 
 well for the student of the life of Christ if he catch the 
 inner, deeper lesson which each discourse teaches. 
 
 Somewhere in Samaria, or Galilee perhaps, Jesus Cleanses Ten 
 cleansed ten lepers. "And as he entered into a certain 
 village, there met him ten men that were lepers, which 
 stood afar off: and they lifted up their voices, saying, 
 Jesus, Master, have mercy on us. And when he saw 
 them, he said unto them. Go and shew yourselves unto 
 the priests. And it came to pass, as they went, they were 
 cleansed. And one of them, when he saw that he was 
 healed, turned back, with a loud voice glorifying God; 
 and he fell upon his face at his feet, giving him thanks: 
 and he was a Samaritan." 
 
 "And they brought unto him also their babes, that he Blesses Little 
 should touch them : but when the disciples saw it, they 
 rebuked them," thinking doubtless that there were so 
 many adult people present that Jesus could waste no 
 time on these infant children. " But Jesus called them 
 unto him, saying. Suffer the little children to come unto 
 
 167 
 
1 68 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 me, and forbid them not : for of such is the kingdom of 
 God. Verily I say unto you, whosoever shall not receive 
 the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall in no wise 
 enter therein." 
 The Rich "And a certain ruler asked him, saying. Good Master, 
 Young Ruler. ^^^^ ^-^^^^ j ^^ ^^ inherit eternal life ? And Jesus said 
 
 unto him. Why callest thou me good ? none is good, save 
 one, even God. Thou knowest the commandments, Do 
 not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal. Do not 
 bear false witness. Honor thy father and mother. And 
 he said. All these things have I observed from my youth 
 up. And when Jesus heard it, he said unto him, One 
 thing thou lackest yet: sell all that thou hast, and dis- 
 tribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasures in 
 heaven: and come, follow me. But when he heard these 
 things, he became exceeding sorrowful ; for he was very 
 rich." "And Jesus looked round about, and saith unto 
 his disciples. How hardly shall they that have riches enter 
 into the kingdom of God ! And the disciples were amazed 
 at his words. But Jesus answereth again, and saith unto 
 them. Children, how hard is it for them that trust in 
 riches to enter into the kingdom of God!" 
 Blind Men As Jesus passed through Jericho, a multitude followed 
 Near Jericho, j^.^^ *' And behold, two blind men sitting by the wayside, 
 when they heard that Jesus was passing by, cried out, 
 saying. Lord, have mercy on us, thou son of David. And 
 the multitude rebuked them, that they should hold their 
 peace: but they cried out the more, saying. Lord, have 
 mercy on us, thou son of David. And Jesus stood still, 
 and called them, and said. What will ye that I should do 
 unto you ? They say unto him. Lord, that our eyes may 
 be opened. And Jesus, being moved with compassion, 
 touched their eyes : and straightway they received their 
 sight, and followed him." 
 Jesus Meets It was also at Jericho that Jesus met Zacchaeus. The 
 ' crowd being great and Zacchgeus fearing that he might 
 not see Jesus, "ran on before, and climbed up into a syc- 
 
The Perean Ministry. 169 
 
 amore tree to see him, for he was to pass that way. And 
 when Jesus came to the place, he looked up, and said unto 
 him, Zacchgeus, make haste, and come down; for to-day 
 I must abide at thy house. And he made haste, and 
 came down, and received him joyfully." 
 
 The incidents of this final journey are now completed. Completes 
 There has been in it the sadness arising from the more ney. 
 particular statement by Christ of the approaching end, 
 that he is to be delivered "unto the Gentiles to mock, 
 and to scourge, and to crucify." But there has also been 
 in it what one writer calls " the Transfiguration of Self- 
 sacrifice;"* so that, as Jesus went before them, the disci- 
 ples followed with a certain awe and amazement, at the 
 majesty of his bearing, and the grandeur of his resolution. 
 In addition to the discourses already noted, he has shown 
 again that greatness in his kingdom is won only by serv- 
 ice, and has concluded his instructions with the parable 
 of the Pounds. 
 
 Finally, six days before the passover he came to is Anointed 
 Bethany. Here occurred a most significant event, con- 
 necting the past with the week of suffering which was to 
 come, — the anointing of Jesus by Mary with the precious 
 ointment, " in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper." 
 
 at Bethany. 
 
 Don't allow yourself to leave the morning lesson 
 until you have learned to tell it vividly in your own 
 language. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Luke xvii, 11 — xviii, 14. Consider most deeply 
 the great truth in v. 21. In xviii, 1-14, the two parables 
 teach that urgency, importunity, humility, joined with 
 faith, V. 8, and contrition, v. 13, are qualities which make 
 prayer acceptable and irresistible. 
 
 * Farrar, p. 384. 
 
170 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xix, 3-15, and seek to realize that the 
 words of Jesus here have affected human society more 
 powerfully and beneficently than any others ever uttered 
 on the subject of marriage and child-life. They are the 
 bulwark of the Christian family and home, and were 
 never more needed than to-day. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the course of Jesus from Ephraim to 
 Bethany near Jerusalem. (The reading in Luke xvii, 11, mar- 
 gin, "between Samaria and Galilee," may mean that Jesus, in 
 starting from Ephraim, which Edersheim and others locate in 
 Northern Perea, first went westward along the northern boun- 
 dary of Samaria for a distance, perhaps to meet a pilgrim band 
 from Galilee, who then accompanied him through Perea and by 
 way of Jericho to the capital.) Andrews, 410, 412. 
 
 Harmony — Study XXVI. Teachings, Parables, and Mir- 
 acles in Final Journey to Jerusalem. — Anointing at Bethany, 
 Matt, xix, 3— XX, 34; xxvi, 6-13; Mark x, 2-52; xiv, 3-9; Luke 
 xvii, 11— xix, 28; John xi, 55 — xii, 11. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Mark x, 17-52. The condition required of the 
 young ruler was personal, and made because Jesus saw it 
 was necessary. The best single word to explain the rela- 
 tion of Christ's followers to money and property is, stew- 
 ardship. See Gospel references, Study XXI, Fifth Day, 
 1, and the booklet, "Scriptural Habits of Giving," pub- 
 lished by Jennings & Pye, Chicago, 111. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 327-360; Geikie II, 268, 269, 345-369, 430-433; 
 Stalker, 110-115 ; Andrews, 410-428 ; Farrar, 324, 325, 348-357, 
 864-374 ; Rhees, sec. 178. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xx, 1-16; Luke xix, 1-28. Give special 
 heed to these two parables illustrating principles of service. 
 
The Perean Ministry. 171 
 
 The first looks back to Peter's question and Jesus' reply 
 in Matt, xix, 27-30. Notice what Matthew records in 
 V. 28 of marked interest to his Jewish readers, and the 
 words, " with persecutions," in Mark x, 30. By the para- 
 ble of the Laborers, Christ shows that each of his workers 
 is sure of a reward, but that the motive of service should 
 never be a merely commercial one. We should serve in 
 the kingdom with hearty good will irrespective of "hire " 
 to ourselves or others. The key to the second parable is 
 in the principle, unequal diligence in the use of equal 
 endowments unequally rewarded.* 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-w^ork. 
 
 1. Christ's teaching as to the kingdom of God, and its rela- 
 tion to human society.! Matt, v ; vi, 10, 19-34 ; vii, 12 ; xiii ; ix, 
 5-42 ; John vi, 15 ; Mark vii, 20-23 ; Luke x, 25-37 ; xvi ; xvii, 20, 
 21; Matt, xix, 3-30; Mark x, 42-45: Matt, xxi, 43; xxii, 15-22; 
 xxiv, 14; XXV, 31-46; xxvi, 52; John xviii, 36, 37; Matt, xxviii, 
 18-20. 
 
 2. The full and final New Testament ground of divorce. 
 Edersheim II, 333; Farrar, 348-352; Bib. Diet., "Divorce." 
 
 3. Jericho in the Old Testament and in the New Testament. 
 Edersheim II, 349; Geikie II, 385; Smith Hist. Geo. H. L., 266. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read John xi, 55 — xii, 11. Fix the point that the sin- 
 ful woman of Luke vii, 36-60, Mary Magdalene, and 
 Mary of Bethany are entirely distinct persons, according 
 to the judgment of most recent scholars. | Also that in the 
 view of such the slight differences between the several 
 Gospels, as whether one blind man or two blind men at 
 Jericho, whether Mary anointed the head or the feet of 
 Christ, or both, are comparatively unimportant variations. 
 
 *The Parabolic Teaching of Christ, pp. 178-200, 216-225. 
 
 + Ha8t. Bib. Diet., Vol. II, pp. 619-622, 849-855. 
 
 t Andrews, pp. 281-286; Hast. Bib. Diet., Vol. Ill, pp. 279-286. 
 
172 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. Give the four previous occasions of mention of Samari- 
 tans or a Samaritan. 
 
 2. Why does Luke twice set " a Samaritan " in very favora- 
 ble light as compared with Jews ? 
 
 3. Does Jesus in any sense exalt the celibate above the 
 family ideal of life ? Geikie II, 372; Farrar, 352. 
 
 4. What does the term "ruler," Luke xviii, 18, probably 
 mean? 
 
 5. Why does Jesus say to the young ruler, Why callest thou 
 me good? Edersheim II, 339-341. 
 
 6. Had he kept the commandments in letter or spirit, or 
 both? 
 
 7. Is "needle's eye" to be taken literally, or does it mean 
 a gateway, as some have taught? 
 
 8. What was the value in dollars of the ointment used by 
 Mary? Edersheim II, 358. 
 
 STUDY XXVI.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Mark x, 28-30. 
 
 Carefully review the events and teachings of the 
 Perean Ministry. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 *'The kindom of God is within you." 
 
 Do I carry within my heart the principles and laws, 
 the obedience and aims, of the kingdom of God? And 
 is my constant prayer, " Thy kingdom come, thy will be 
 done in me as it is in heaven ?" 
 
 Eead Psalm xix, 14. 
 
PAET YII. 
 THE PASSION WEEK. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH WEEK. 
 
 SUNDAY— A DAY OF TRIUMPH. 
 
 STUDY XXVII— First Day. 
 
 We have now reached a week in the life of Christ The Passion 
 
 Week 
 
 which, more than any other, is crowded with extraordi- 
 nary events. A whole lesson will be devoted to the events 
 of each of these days. This arrangement is strictly in 
 harmony with the minutely-detailed history of this period 
 given by the evangelists, which occupies one-third of the 
 Gospels. 
 
 For some months Jesus had carefully avoided, so far Jesus Ap- 
 as possible, arousing public excitement. His miracles ^^j^^*^ ^® 
 had been performed quietly, and nearly always he had 
 requested those who were cured to say nothing about it. 
 But now, after calm deliberation, he determined to enter 
 Jerusalem publicly, and openly announce his claim to the 
 Messiahship. "And when they drew nigh unto Jerusa- 
 lem, and came unto Bethphage, unto the mount of Olives, 
 then Jesus sent two disciples, saying unto them. Go into 
 the village that is over against you, and straightway ye 
 shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her: loose them, 
 and bring them unto me. And if any one say aught unto 
 you, ye shall say. The Lord hath need of them; and 
 straightway he will send them. . . . And the disciples 
 
 173 
 
174 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 went, and did even as Jesus appointed them, and brought 
 the ass, and the colt, and put on them their garments; 
 and he sat thereon. And the most part of the multi- 
 tude spread their garments in the way; and others cut 
 branches from the trees, and spread them in the way. 
 And the multitudes that went before him, and that fol- 
 lowed, cried, saying, Hosanna to the son of David: 
 Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord; 
 Hosanna in the highest." 
 
 " Hitherto he had entered the Holy City on foot; this 
 day, like David and the Judges of Israel, he would ride 
 on an ass, the ancient symbol of Jewish royalty. Nor 
 must we think of Western associations in connection 
 with the subject. In the East the ass is in high esteem. 
 Statelier, livelier, swifter than with us, it vies with the 
 horse in favor. Among the Jews it was equally valued 
 as a beast of burden, for work in the field or at the mill, 
 and for riding. In contrast to the horse, which had been 
 introduced by Solomon from Egypt, and was used espe- 
 cially for war, it was the emblem of peace. To the Jew 
 it was peculiarly national, for had not Moses led his wife, 
 seated on an ass, to Egypt; had not the Judges ridden on 
 white asses; and was not the ass of Abraham, the friend 
 of God, noted in Scripture ? Every Jew, moreover, ex- 
 pected, from the words of one of the prophets, that the 
 Messiah would enter Jerualem poor, and riding on an ass. 
 No act could be more perfectly in keeping with the con- 
 ception of a King of Israel, and no words could express 
 more plainly that that King proclaimed Himself the 
 Messiah." (Geikie.) 
 PUgrfmsGo John tclls US that when the multitude heard that 
 Him. Jesus was coming again to Jerusalem, they took branches 
 of palm-trees, and went forth to meet him. Many of 
 these were doubtless Galilean pilgrims, who were proud 
 to claim him as a prophet from their own district. 
 
 When they saw him, and the pilgrims that were with 
 him, coming around the brow of the mountain, riding on 
 
The Passion Week. 175 
 
 the colt of an ass, they shouted, " Hosanna!" The cry 
 was taken up by the crowd which were immediately about 
 Jesus, saying, "Hosanna: blessed is he that cometh in 
 the name of the Lord, even the King of Israel." The 
 road was quickly strewn with mats and branches, and 
 with the garments of the excited throng. As he drew 
 near to the Holy City, there arose before him a panorama 
 of its destruction. He was upon the very soil where, a 
 generation later, the Roman army would be encamped, 
 besieging the Holy City, and laying waste its splendor. 
 St. Luke declares that this scene so overcame the Son of 
 God that he wept. His mother, and those nearest him, 
 heard the lamentation he uttered, and saw his tears falling ; 
 but the great crowd swept on, shouting and singing, down 
 into the valley and up again to the gate of Jerusalem. 
 By this time every one was asking, " Who is this ?" The 
 Galileans, proud of their prophet, replied: "This is the 
 prophet, Jesus, from Nazareth of Galilee." The day had 
 soon passed, and Jesus, having accomplished his purpose, 
 retired to Bethany for the night. 
 
 1 he Trium- 
 phal Entry. 
 
 Glance over the material for the week, and plan 
 your campaign. 
 
 STUDY XXVII.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Mark xi, 1-11. Verse 3, margin, " and straight- 
 way he sendeth him back again," is probably to be taken 
 as a part of Jesus message by the disciples, assuring the 
 owner of the return of the colt. 
 
 STUDY XXVII.— Third Day. 
 
 Read John xii, 12-19. Verse 12, "on the morrow," 
 namely, Sunday. Jesus had arrived at Bethany, it is 
 supposed, on Friday or Saturday; and the "supper" 
 (John xii, 2), at which he was anointed by Mary, was 
 
176 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 probably the special festive meal of the Jewish Sabbath 
 on Saturday. The triumphal entry followed on Sunday, 
 which of course, was not then the sacred rest-day. Notice 
 that John shows (vs. 13, 18) how it is that the multitude 
 from Jerusalem meet Jesus, as now coming from Bethany, 
 he approaches the city. Edersheim II, 357-366. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Make a local map, including Jerusalem and Bethany, and 
 place on it the course of Jesus to the city, according to the in- 
 dications given in Fourth Day below, and his return to Bethany. 
 
 Harmony. — Part VII. The Passion Week. From the Final 
 Arrival at Jerusalem until the Resurrection. Study XXVII. 
 Sunday— A Day of Triumph. Matt, xxi, 1-11; Mark xi, 1-11; 
 Luke xix, 29-44; John xii, 12-19. 
 
 STUDY XXVII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke xix, 29-44. The allusions of Luke cor- 
 respond exactly to the features of the southernmost of 
 the three roads from Bethany to Jerusalem, which mark 
 on your map if you have access to a map showing it. 
 Verse 37 indicates the point where one catches the first 
 sight of the city, but not of the temple; v. 41, the 
 point on the southern shoulder of the Mount of Olives 
 where the road bends sharply to the north and west, giv- 
 ing a commanding view of Jerusalem with the temple 
 area in the foreground. Andrews, 433, 434. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 361-373 ; Geikie II, 370-377 ; Stalker, 115-117 ; 
 Andrews, 421-436; Farrar, 374-380; Rhees, sec. 179. 
 
 STUDY XXVII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead continuously Mark i, 1 — iii, 6. The brief Gos- 
 pel material for this and the next Study permits us to 
 make a rapid review of Christ's life from his baptism to 
 the Passion Week in six sections of the swift-moving 
 
The Passion Week. 177 
 
 Gospel of Mark. Even the longest section, 103 verses, 
 a week hence, takes but ten minutes of continuous read- 
 ing. The sections which are here assigned are adjusted 
 to the Parts in the Outline as given on pages 15-20, this 
 one covering Parts II and III. Notice in this passage 
 the many persons with whom Jesus comes in contact, 
 and make a list of at least ten of them in the Harmony. 
 Also put down how much of Mark belongs in Part II, 
 and how much in Part III, and enter these divisions, 
 with their titles, at the proper places in the margin of 
 the Testament from which you read. 
 
 Topics For Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. Christ's conception of the church, and of religion, prayer, 
 and worship. Luke ii, 49; John ii, 14-16; iv, 21-24; Matt, vi, 
 1-18 ; xvi, 18, 19 ; xviii, 10-22 ; John x, 1, 7-9, 16 ; Luke xviii, 9-14 ; 
 xxii, 17-20; Matt, xxvi, 30; John xiii, 34, 35; xiv; xv, 1-8; xvi, 
 23, 24; xvii; xx, 19-29; xxi, 15-17; Matt, xxviii, 18-20; Acts i, 
 4,5,8; Luke xxiv, 50-53. 
 
 2. Triumphal entry of kings. 
 
 3. Bethany, Bethphage, and the Mount of Olives. Bib. 
 Diet. ; Oxford Bible ; Andrews, 429. 
 
 STUDY XXVII.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read continuously Mark iii, 7 — iv, 34. The passage 
 opens Part IV, and extends to the close of the day of 
 parables. Enter in your Testament, in the margin of 
 Mark iii, 7, Part IV, Second Period of the Galilean Min- 
 istry. Note again some of the persons with whom Jesus 
 comes in contact. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. What were the beasts of burden in Palestine? 
 
 2. Why did Jesus make the triumphal entry? Edersheim 
 II, 363 ; Rhees, sec. 179. 
 
 3. Where is a pi-ophecy found of this event? 
 
 4. What foreseen event in later history added to Jesus' 
 grief at sight of the city? Edersheim II, 369, 370. 
 
 12 
 
178 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXVn— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John xii, 19. 
 
 See that you have a complete possession of the eight 
 parts of the life of Christ — as, Part I, The Thirty Years 
 of Private Life ; Part II, Opening Events of Christ's Min- 
 istry; Part III, Early Judean and Galilean Ministry — so 
 that you can give them rapidly from memory; and also 
 see that you have a clear idea of the period that each one 
 covers. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And when he drew nigh, he saw the city and wept 
 over it, saying. If thou hadst known in this day, even 
 thou, the things which belong unto peace : but now they 
 are hid from thine eyes." 
 
 Do I share the grief of Jesus over the unspiritual 
 state of men? and am I deeply concerned for the relig- 
 ious wellbeing of some city or community? 
 
 Read Bom. ix, 1-3. 
 
PART VII.— T W JdNTY-EIO-HTH WEEK. 
 MONDAY— A DAY OF AUTHOEITY. 
 
 STUDY XXVni.— First Day. 
 
 "From the city to the village it seems to be but a Bethany, 
 short journey; in point of mileage, indeed, it was noth- 
 ing but an easy walk. From the city into Bethany — 
 how far is that ? Do not tell me the distance in miles — 
 statute or geographical — such journeys have not to be 
 measured by arithmetical instruments. From the city 
 to Bethany was from a battlefield to a home — how far is 
 that ? From the city to Bethany, a journey from tumult 
 and riot and murder to love and rest and tender min- 
 istry. Who can lay a line upon that diameter, and an- 
 nounce its length in miles ? None. The house at 
 Bethany was not grand, but the home was lined with the 
 gold of love. It was a church in the rocks, it was a 
 sweet sanctuary, just out of the great highroad of life's 
 business and sacrifice. Can you retire to such a nest? 
 Happy is your lot! He who can find a Bethany, a home, 
 a rest-place, a Sabbath in the midst of the week, can 
 bear his burdens with equanimity and grace and hope." 
 (Parker.) 
 
 It was from such a home that Jesus started back to 
 
 the city early Monday morning, that he might avoid the 
 
 tumult and display of the day before. By the roadside 
 
 179 
 
i8o Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Curses the i^q gg,-^ ^ solitary fig-tree in leaf. This was a sure sign of 
 fruit, unless the tree be barren, for the fruit always sets 
 upon the fig-tree in Palestine before the leaves appear. 
 
 But going to it, "he found nothing but leaves." He, 
 therefore, cursed the fig-tree, saying unto it, "Let there 
 be no fruit from thee henceforward forever. And im- 
 mediately the fig-tree withered away." This fig-tree 
 vaunted itself by putting forth of leaves, challenging the 
 passer-by to come and find at least green fruit.* When 
 the Lord drew near, it proved to be without fruit. 
 
 Some have regarded this as a harsh judgment, scarcely 
 to be expected from a wise Creator, against a tree inca- 
 pable of good or evil. Christ's other miracles were those of 
 mercy — opening blind eyes, unstopping deaf ears, curing 
 the lame, and raising the dead ; this was his only miracle 
 of judgment, and this pronounced against a tree, without 
 feeling, that it might become a symbol, and impress the 
 disciples as an acted parable. The sin of Israel was not 
 so much that it had no fruit, but that, having none, it 
 boasted so much. 
 Second Upon arrival at the city, Jesus once more entered the 
 
 Cleansing of ^ "' 
 
 the Temple, temple. About two years before this he had cleansed the 
 outer court of the house of God, but gradually the love 
 of gain had restored the profaning traffic. It was doubly 
 offensive to him after the zealous deed of his earlier min- 
 istry; and he "cast out all them that sold and bought 
 in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money- 
 changers, and the seats of them that sold the doves ; and 
 he saith unto them, It is written. My house shall be called 
 a house of prayer: but ye make it a den of robbers." 
 
 *Edershelm, Vol. II, pp. 374-376; Hast. Bib. Diet., art. " Figs." 
 
The Passion Week. i8i 
 
 Soon the temple courts were thronged by the multi- Children 
 
 Shout 
 
 tude, curious to know what this Galilean would do next. Hosanna. 
 In the midst of the excitement, children shout, " Hosanna 
 to the Son of David." When the chief priests and scribes 
 heard this cry, they said unto Jesus, "Hearest thou what 
 these are saying?" And Jesus said unto them, "Yea: 
 did ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and suck- 
 lings thou hast perfected praise ? And he left them, and 
 went forth out of the city to Bethany, and lodged there." 
 
 Now, as your vvrork is drawing to a close, is the 
 time for unsparing toil. To have anything like a 
 clear view of the life of Christ, as a whole, is worth 
 a large amount of sacrifice. 
 
 STUDY XXVIII.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Mark xi, 12-18; Luke xix, 47, 48; Matt, xxi, 
 14-17. Observe that when the temple was cleansed, 
 Jesus there healed the blind and the lame, and taught 
 the multitude, till the hearts of the children overflowed 
 with praise. What lesson has this for us ? 
 
 STUDY XXVIII.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead continuously Mark iv, 35 — vi, 13. This is the 
 middle portion of Part IV. The period began with the 
 choice of the twelve to be with Christ for training. Now, 
 at the close of our passage, they are going forth two by 
 two, independently, to preach and work. Add further to 
 your list of persons whom Mark records Jesus to have met. 
 
1 82 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Trace on your map Jesus' possible way from Bethany to 
 the temple, and return by the road passing north of Olivet. 
 
 Harmony.— Study XXVIII. Monday— A Day of Author- 
 ity. Matt, xxi, 12-19; Mark xi, 12-19; Luke xix, 45-48. 
 
 STUDY XXVIII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read continuously Mark vi, 14 — vii, 23. This pas- 
 sage concludes Mark's record of Part IV, Second Period 
 of the Galilean Ministry. Note that he treats this period 
 more fully than any other, perhaps because it embraces 
 the sphere of Jesus' widest activities and mighty deeds. 
 For Mark's is the Gospel of action; it is realistic, and 
 " manifests Jesus as he was in daily actual life, living 
 and working among men in the fullness of his energy, in 
 the awe-inspiring grandeur of his human personality as 
 a man, who was also the incarnate and wonder-working 
 Son of God." (Farrar.) 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 374-379; Geikie II, 380; Stalker, 117; An- 
 drews, 436-438; Farrar, 379-381 ; Rhees, sec. 181. 
 
 STUDY XXVIII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read continuously Mark vii, 24 — ix, 50. This is the 
 longest section in our rapid review reading of Mark, and 
 it traverses the whole of Part V, Third Period of the 
 Galilean Ministry, which enter in the margin of your 
 Testament opposite vii, 24, and insert in your Harmony 
 list the new characters with whom Jesus comes in contact. 
 
The Passion Week. 183 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-^vork. 
 
 1. The originality and independence of Jesus relative to the 
 ideas and standards of his time. Luke ii, 46, 47; John iii, 3-13 
 iv, 27; Matt, ix, 11, 14-17; v, 21; vi, 1-18; vii, 28; xiii, 17, 52 
 John vi,60,66; Mark vii, 14-23; Luke x, 29-37; xv, 2; xviii, 14 
 Matt, xix, 9 ; Mark x, 13-16, 23-26, 42, 43 ; xi, 15-19, 27-33 ; Matt. 
 xxii, 29-33; Acts i, 6-8. 
 
 2. A brief history of the temple buildings from Solomon to 
 date. Bib. Diet. ; Oxford Bible. 
 
 3. Mark on the ground-plan of this temple the probable 
 location of the ti'affickers. See Study V, Fifth Day, Topic 2. 
 
 STUDY XXVIII.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead continuously Mark x and xiv, 3-9. Mark here 
 puts into a little more than one chapter all that he gives 
 of Part VI, for which Luke takes about ten chapters. 
 Enter in the margin of x, 1, Part VI, The Perean Minis- 
 try, and fill out the list of persons with whom Jesus 
 comes in contact. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. In what home did Jesus probably abide during Passion 
 Week? 
 
 2. Did Jesus ever modify any expression of opinion or 
 judgment ? 
 
 3. Is there record of any earlier cases of healing by Christ 
 in the temple? 
 
 4. To which is a church building to-day to be compared, to 
 the Jewish temple or to a synagogue ? 
 
 5. Are places of worship now to be kept sacred? If so, on 
 what ground ? 
 
 6. What is it to keep a church sacred to the service of God? 
 
184 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXVIII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, xxi, 15, 16. 
 
 Review your entire list of those with whom Jesus 
 came in contact as given by Mark up to date, and con- 
 sider the effect upon each. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "My house shall be called a house of prayer.'* 
 Does prayer, worship, and communion with God de- 
 tine the really vital and consciously delightful and domi- 
 nant factor in my association with the place I call the 
 house of God ? 
 
 Read 1 Chron. xvi, 29-36. 
 
PART VII.— TWENTY-NINTH "WEEK. 
 TUESDAY— A DAY OF CONFLICT. 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— First Day. 
 
 Dr. Edersheim says concerning this day: "The rec- Christ's Last 
 ord of this day is so crowded, the actors introduced on ^*"''*'"fl-'^^>'- 
 the scene are so many, the occurrences so varied, and the 
 transition so rapid, that it is even more than usually dif- 
 ficult to arrange all in chronological order. Nor need 
 we wonder at this, when we remember that this was, so 
 to speak, Christ's last working-day — the last, of his pub- 
 lic mission to Israel ; the last day in the temple ; the last, 
 of teaching and warning to the Pharisees and Sadducees; 
 the last, of his call to national repentance." 
 
 On Monday the Jews stood in awe of Jesus, and no His Authority 
 one attempted to lay hands on him or to dispute his au- ^•'^"^"o^'i- 
 thority. Tuesday morning the leaders were so maddened 
 that all day long his authority was challenged. "And 
 when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and 
 elders of the people came unto him as he was teaching, 
 and said. By what authority doest thou these things ? Or 
 who is he that gave thee this authority ? And he answered 
 and said unto them, I also will ask you a question ; and 
 tell me: The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or 
 from men ? And they reasoned with themselves saying. 
 If we shall say, From heaven ; he will say. Why did ye 
 not believe him ? But if we shall say, From men ; all the 
 people will stone us : for they be persuaded that John 
 was a prophet. And they answered, that they knew not 
 whence it was. And Jesus said unto them. Neither tell 
 I you by what authority I do these things." Their ques- 
 
 185 
 
1 86 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 tions eliciting no satisfactory answer, the Pharisees re- 
 tired to the council chamber to devise plans by which to 
 entrap him. ' ' Then went the Pharisees, and took council 
 how they might ensnare him in his talk." 
 
 His Three Jesus continued speaking, and delivered three para- 
 ' bles of warning. The first was the parable of Two Sons, 
 the second the parable of the Wicked Husbandmen, the 
 third the parable of the Wedding of the King's Son. All 
 these parables were directed against the authorities of the 
 Jewish Church and so enraged them that they openly 
 attempted his arrest and destruction, but did not succeed 
 because most of the multitude about him were his friends 
 and hindered them in so doing. 
 Result of The deliberations in the council resulted in the return 
 * of the authorities with questions which they presented to 
 Jesus with a hope that they might ensnare him by involv- 
 ing him with the government, or by proving him ignorant 
 upon some point of law or religion. Since the sentence 
 of death could, at this time, be pronounced only by the 
 Roman government, this was a very shrewd device on the 
 part of the Jews; for if the Roman government found 
 reason to proceed against Jesus, it would shift the respon- 
 sibility from them, and make his overthrow easy. 
 
 Herodians The first to come were the Herodians, who were Jew- 
 
 Silenced 
 
 ' ish royalists, who affected great loyalty to the govern- 
 ment. They ask, "Is it lawful to give tribute unto 
 Caesar, or not?" their purpose being to bring him into 
 collision with the civil authorities. Jesus replied, saying, 
 "Bring me a penny, that I may see it," and when they 
 had done so he asked, " Whose is this image and super- 
 scription ?" and they said unto him, " Caesar's." And 
 Jesus said unto them, "Render unto Caesar the things 
 that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's." 
 The Herodians silenced, the Sadducees asked a ques- 
 tion about the resurrection, intending to provoke a laugh 
 at Christ's expense. They did not believe in the immor- 
 
The Passion Week. 187 
 
 tality of the soul or the resurrection, therefore they now ^^J^""" 
 attempted to ridicule the doctrine. Jesus, knowing their shame. 
 motive, wisely replied, "When they shall rise from the 
 dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage ; but 
 are as angels in heaven." 
 
 When the Pharisees heard that he had put to silence Scribe 
 
 Answered. 
 
 the Sadducees, they gathered themselves together to put 
 forth a scribe to ask, "Master, which is the great com- 
 mandment in the law?" And he said, " Thou shalt love 
 the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, 
 and with all thy mind. This is the great and first com- 
 mandment. And a second like unto it is this, Thou shalt 
 love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two command- 
 ments hangeth the whole law, and the prophets." 
 
 Jesus ended this conflict with the scribes, Pharisees, ^^J^J^* 
 and Sadducees, by uttering one of the most scathing de- 
 nunciations possible, which is recorded in Matt, xxiii. 
 
 The Bible student should be on the lookout for 
 occasions when he can give a certain amount of 
 consecutive time to his study. Certain results can 
 only be achieved by occasional seasons of prolonged 
 application. 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Mark xi, 20-33. Xote that Christ's withering 
 of the fruitless fig-tree, his only miracle of judgment, is 
 fully justified by the profound impression produced on 
 the disciples, enforcing the lesson -they needed now to 
 learn, that the Jewish state could not stand across the 
 path of the kingdom of God. Its mountain-like opposi- 
 tion must give way, and all things conform to the power 
 
1 88 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 of Grod, responsive to faith and prayer. There was a 
 deep reason in the answer of Christ to the challenge of 
 his authority. The authority of the truth and of God's 
 call and inspiration, each represented in John, has ever 
 been a vital factor in the growth of Christ's true work 
 among men. 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xxi, 28 — xxii, 14. We are now to see with 
 what absolute fearless and unsparing fidelity Christ is to 
 honor the principle of the truth as an authority, before 
 which the traditional privileges, dignities, and profes- 
 sions of men become nothing. Meditate on the state- 
 ments of xxi, 31, 32, 43; xxii, 7. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark the course of Christ on your map fi-om Bethany to 
 Jerusalem and return, by the middle path, to the western slope 
 of the Mount of Olives, where he gave the discourse which will 
 be considered in the next study. 
 
 Harmony.— Study XXIX. — Tuesday — A Day of Conflict. 
 Matt, xxi, 20 — xxv, 46; Mark xi, 20 — xiii, 37; Luke xx, 1 — xxi, 
 38; Johnxii, 20-50. 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Mark xii, 13-37. Eecognize that we have re- 
 corded here the most remarkable demonstration of the 
 ability of Christ infallibly to answer every question and 
 to confound the wisdom of men. See Matt, xxii, 46. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 375-377, 380-430; Geikie II, 380-414; Stalker, 
 117, 118, 121, 122; Andrews, 438-445; Farrar, 393-408; Rhees, 
 sees. 182-186. 
 
The Passion Week. 189 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xxiii. In this chapter we see that the 
 Prince of Peace hath a sword. Our thought is led to the 
 symbolism of Rev. i, 16, " Out of his mouth proceedeth a 
 sharp two-edged sword." There are times when the blade 
 of truth must smite sin and pierce to the heart of iniquity. 
 What strength of manhood and majestic heroism clothe 
 Christ in the utterances of this chapter, such as have 
 glorified the greatest prophets and reformers ! Yet what 
 balance, to hold the position of vs. 2, 3, till the time 
 arrives when the leaders of the new kingdom shall be pre- 
 pared to replace these of the older order ! 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. Christ as a preacher and controversialist. John ii, 18-20 ; 
 Luke iv, 16-30; Matt, iv, 16, 23-25; Mark i, 38, 39; ii, 6-11, 
 18-22; John v; Matt, v-vii ; Mark iii, 22-27; iv, 33, 34; Matt. 
 XV, 1-14 ; xvi, 1-4 ; John viii, 31-59 ; Luke x, 25-37 ; John x, 24-38 ; 
 Luke XX, 1-8; Matt, xxii, 15-45; xxiii-xxv. 
 
 2. How Rabbis were authorized to teach and ordained. 
 
 3. Herodians. Bib. Diet. ; Oxford Bible ; Rhees, 14 ; Eders- 
 heim II, 384. 
 
 4. What did Jesus mean when he said, " Call no man your 
 father on the earth?" (Matt, xxiii, 9.) 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark xii, 41-44; John xii, 20-50. Note that 
 once more the deed of a woman is immortalized by the 
 words of Christ, much as was Mary's act of anointing. 
 See also the beautiful and timely significance of the com- 
 ing of these Greek inquirers, perhaps the token from the 
 West at the close of Christ's life answering to that from 
 the East at the beginning in the visit of the Magi, of his 
 future universal dominion over men's hearts. No wonder 
 it caused the fundamental note of sacrifice and conse- 
 
1 90 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 quent glory to sound in Jesus' nature, and called forth 
 the third attestation by the Father in audible words of 
 the perfect approval of the Son. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. When Christ entered the temple Tuesday morning of 
 Passion "Week, who met him, and with what demand? 
 
 2. What parables did he deliver that morning? 
 
 3. What questions were put to him? 
 
 4. What counter questions did he propose? 
 
 5. Give a list of the vices for which Jesus denounced 
 the Pharisees. Edersheim II, 411-414; Geikie II, 427-429^ 
 Farrar, 400. 
 
 6. Do such vices exist to-day? 
 
 STUDY XXIX.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John xii, 24, 32. 
 
 Give your chapter-name to John xii, and write it in 
 the Harmony. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 * ' Behold I have made ready my dinner : my oxen and 
 my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready. . . . 
 But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to 
 his own farm, another to his merchandise." 
 
 Does Christ really have the pre-eminence in my life; 
 is he really Master and Lord ; is my first thought in the 
 morning about him ; or do I give the things of the world 
 the right of way ? 
 
 Have I heeded his invitation ? 
 
 Eead Heb. ii, 1-3. 
 
PART VII.— THIRTIETH "WEEK. 
 WEDNESDAY— A DAY OF EETIREMENT. 
 
 STUDY XXX.— First Day. 
 
 Jesus had left the temple courts toward the close of Discourse oo 
 Tuesday, and gone out to the Mount of Olives to spend oiives. 
 some time with his disciples in quiet, where he might 
 teach them concerning things to come. As the disciples 
 sat there, with their faces turned toward Jerusalem, their 
 thoughts reverted to the words of doom which he had so 
 recently pronounced upon the city. They could not un- 
 derstand how this temple, so strong and magnificent, 
 could be destroyed. Josephus declares that the white 
 stones of which it was built were of great size, from 
 thirty-seven to forty feet long, twelve feet thick, and 
 eighteen feet broad. Who could destroy this massive 
 structure ? Sitting now on the Mount of Olives, at the 
 close of day, the disciples came privately, saying, "Tell 
 us, when shall these things be ? and what shall be the 
 sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world ? 
 And Jesus answered and said unto them. Take heed that 
 no man lead you astray. For many shall come in my 
 name, saying, I am the Christ; and shall lead many 
 astray. And ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars: 
 see that ye be not troubled, for these things must needs 
 come to pass; but the end is not yet. For nation shall 
 rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and 
 there shall be famines and earthquakes in divers places. 
 But all these things are the beginning of travail. Then 
 shall they deliver you up unto tribulation, and shall kill 
 you: and ye shall be hated of all the nations for my 
 name's sake. And then shall many stumble, and shall 
 
 191 
 
turns to 
 Bethany. 
 
 192 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 deliver up one another, and shall hate one another. And 
 many false prophets shall arise, and shall lead many 
 astray. And because iniquity shall be multiplied, the 
 love of many shall wax cold. But he that endureth to 
 the end, the same shall be saved. And this Gospel of 
 the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a 
 testimony unto all the nations; and then shall the end 
 come." 
 Jesus Re- Having ended his public teaching in Jerusalem, and 
 given these far-reaching instructions to the disciples on 
 the Mount of Olives, Jesus retired for a day of quiet at 
 Bethany. There is no record given of what happened. 
 Were its hours spent in the house of Mary and Martha 
 and Lazarus, or were they passed in some secluded spot, 
 alone ? Who can tell ? Doubtless they were marked by 
 much meditation and prayer. His day of conflict with 
 the scribes and Pharisees and Sadducees must have well- 
 nigh exhausted him. 
 
 The outline of his discourses which are recorded show 
 their vast scope and many-sided argument, yet doubtless 
 only small portions of his addresses that day are reported. 
 During every hour of the day his mental acumen must 
 have been taxed to its utmost. He stood as one man 
 against the world. That he was completely victorious 
 is strongly evident. The craft of his enemies had al- 
 together failed. Instead of outwitting him, his logic 
 silenced them, and "no one was able to answer him a 
 word." Exhausted by these stirring scenes, Jesus now 
 retired for a season of quiet. Then there was before him 
 the terrible ordeal of Gethsemane, and his trial before 
 the Sanhedrin and before the Roman authorities. 
 
 "The day . . . Avould be one of rest, a Sabbath to 
 his soul before its great agony. He would refresh him- 
 self, gather himself up for the terrible conflict before 
 him. And he did so as the Lamb of God, meekly sub- 
 mitting himself to the will and hand of his Father, and 
 so fulfilling all types, from that of Isaac's sacrifice on 
 
The Passion Week. 
 
 193 
 
 Mount Moriah to the Paschal Lamb in the temple; and 
 bringing the reality of all prophecy, from that of the 
 woman's seed that would crush the serpent's head to that 
 of the kingdom of God in its fullness, when its golden 
 gates would be flung open to all men, and heaven's own 
 light flow out to them as they sought its way of peace." 
 (Edersheim.) 
 
 In connection with this lesson study the predic- 
 tions of Christ concerning the end of the world — 
 not so much as a series of detailed prophecies 
 whose literal fulfillment is to be looked for, but 
 rather as pictures which are to be looked at as a 
 whole, and w^hich are designed to have a certain 
 effect on the mind, and to beget in us a certain 
 moral attitude. What this attitude is, is the real, 
 practical subject of inquiry. 
 
 STUDY XXX.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Mark xiii, 1-4; Matt, xxiv, 1-3. Jesus, by his 
 triumphal entry, his cleansing of the temple, miracles of 
 healing, parables, and unanswerable question therein, has 
 for the third time borne full witness before the leaders of 
 Israel to his Messianic character, and has been finally re- 
 jected. As he now retires from the temple, predicting 
 its future total destruction, it is with the consciousness 
 that his public ministry has closed. What a change, 
 then, as we pass to the scene of the discourse on the 
 Mount of Olives! Delivered, as we believe it was, just 
 after sunset,* it was in the new day, according to Jewish 
 division of time. For these reasons we treat it in this 
 week's Study, though leaving the Gospel accounts of it 
 in the material for Tuesday. 
 
 •Andrews, p. 448. 
 13 
 
194 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXX.— Third Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xxiv, 4-31. It is regarded that Jesus con- 
 siders the question respecting the end of the world first, 
 in vs. 4-14, not by telling when the end will be, but by 
 declaring that six antecedents will first take place: 
 1. Appearance of false Christs. 3. Wars, rumors of wars, 
 etc. 3. Physical commotions, emblematic of the fore- 
 going. 4. Persecutions. 5. Sifting of the Church. 6. 
 Evangelization of the world. Next, respecting the de- 
 struction of Jerusalem (vs. 15-28) he discloses a picture 
 of unparalleled distresses (a million Jews perished, and 
 ninety-seven thousand went into captivity). Then he 
 brings his final coming into perspective with this picture 
 in vs. 29-31 ; the word *' immediately" (v. 29) seeming to 
 exclude all interval ; but his words in Luke xxi, 24, allow 
 for this long period in the expression, "Jerusalem shall 
 be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the 
 Gentiles be fulfilled." Bruce, "The Training of the 
 Twelve," 333-339. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Locate on your map the position of Jesus and the disciples 
 during this discourse, on the western slope of the Mount of 
 Olives, and then mark the remaining course back to Bethany 
 by the middle path over the crest. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXX. Wednesday — A Day of Eetire- 
 ment. Matt, xxvi, 1-5, 14-16; Mark xiv, 1, 2, 10, 11; Luke 
 xxii, 1-6. 
 
 STUDY XXX.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xxiv, 32-51. Jesus now shows, perhaps 
 by the tender buds of a fig-tree under which they sat, 
 that the sure signs of the summer and the distant harvest 
 of fruit were at hand. So that generation (v. 24) would 
 see as accomplished facts the incipient stages of all those 
 elements whose distant consummation would form the 
 end. "But of that day and hour" (v. 36) not even he 
 
The Passion Week. 195 
 
 had knowledge, "but the Father only." It will come 
 suddenly and unexpectedly, therefore, watch and be 
 ready. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 431^78 ; Geikie II, 413^30, 432-434 ; Stalker, 
 118-124; Andrews, 445-450; Fai-rar, 408-423; Rhees, sec. 188. 
 
 STUDY XXX. -Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt. xxv. Note that the parable of the Ten 
 Virgins (vs. 1-13) still further enforces the great practical 
 lesson of a personal possession of grace and watchfulness. 
 The parable of the Talents (vs. 14-30), as distinguished 
 from that of the Pounds (see Study XXVI, Fifth Day), 
 has as its key-principle, equal diligence in the use of 
 unequal endowments equally rewarded.* The great dis- 
 course closes (vs. 31-46), with a sublime sketch of Christ 
 on the judgment-seat, and his everlasting awards accord- 
 ing as men have ministered to or neglected him in the 
 person of his needy brethren. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignunent 
 in Glass-work, 
 
 1. The attitude of Jesus toward those who were hostile to 
 him. John iii, 17-19; Mark iii, 5, 28-30; Matt, xvi, 1-4; xxi, 
 28-46; xxii, 1-14; xxiii ; John xiii,26, 27; Matt, xxvi, 50; John 
 xviii, 6 ; Luke xxii, 66-71 ; Matt, xxvii, 12-14 ; Luke xxiii, 34. 
 
 2. The quiet hours in Jesus' life. 
 
 3. The destruction of Jerusalem. (Bib. Diet., "Jerusalem.") 
 
 STUDY XXX.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xxv, 1-5, 14-16; Luke xxii, 3-6. Over 
 against the brightness of Jesus' revelations to his friends 
 and communion with his Father, is now placed the black- 
 ness of the plottings of his foes, and the commerce with 
 them of Judas, the betrayer. 
 
 * Bruce, "The Parabolic Teaching of Christ," pp. 200-215. 
 
196 Studies in the Life ot Christ. 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. What constituted the dividing point between Jewish 
 days? Oxford Bible, " Time." 
 
 2. Can the date of the end of the world or the final coming 
 of Christ be calculated from Bible predictions? 
 
 3. Make as complete a list as you can, in the Harmony, of 
 the miracles of Christ, seeking to arrange them in chronological 
 order. 
 
 4. Make a list of the parables of Christ, as far as you can 
 under the heads: 1. Theoretic Parables; 2. Parables of Grace; 
 3. Parables of Judgment. (See Study XIII, Seventh Day.) 
 
 STUDY XXX.— Seventh Day. 
 Memorize Matt, xxv, 34-40. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went unto the 
 chief priests, that he might deliver him unto them. And 
 they, when they heard it, were glad and promised to give 
 him money." In what way may a Christian to-day betray 
 Christ ? 
 
 Would anything induce me to betray my Lord ? 
 
 Eead Heb. vi, 3-6, 
 
PART VII.— THIRTY-FIRST •WEEK. 
 
 THURSDAY— THE LAST DAY WITH THE DIS- 
 CIPLES. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 STUDY XXXI.— First Day. 
 
 " Now on the first day of unleavened bread the disci- The Paschal 
 pies came to Jesus, saying, Where wilt thou that we make 
 ready for thee to eat the passover ? And he said. Go into 
 the city to such a man, and say unto him, The Master 
 saith, My time is at hand; I keep the passover at thy 
 house with my disciples. And the disciples did as Jesus 
 appointed them; and they made ready the passover." 
 Peter and John had followed the directions of the Master, 
 and by evening all was in readiness to receive him and 
 the other disciples. It is not known at whose home the 
 supper was celebrated. Some have thought that it was 
 at the home of John Mark, others that Joseph of Arima- 
 thea had extended the courtesy. Wherever it may have 
 been, it was a "large upper room," and not the court or 
 " hostlery " which would seem to be indicated by the term 
 used in Jesus' request. It was also ' ' furnished and ready" 
 for their coming, probably the work of some generous 
 friend. 
 
 Resting on pillows around a low table, each leaned on 
 his left arm. First there was handed to Jesus a cup of 
 wine* — one-fourth wine and three-fourths water, as was 
 the custom — "and when he had given thanks, he said^ 
 Take this, and divide it among yourselves." Just here^ 
 there seems to have arisen a contention among them as to 
 which of them should be greatest. Jesus said, " He that 
 is the greater among you, let him become as the younger ; 
 and he that is chief, as he that doth serve." After pass- 
 ing the wine, the next point of the ceremony was for the 
 
 •Andrews, p. 482; Hast. Bib. Diet., Vol. Ill, p. 691. 
 197 
 
198 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 head of the company to arise and wash hands. In this 
 case the washing of the disciples' feet was undoubtedly 
 coupled with this act to teach them that in the new king- 
 dom true greatness was in service. Keturning to his place 
 at the table, Jesus said, " He that eateth my bread lifted 
 up his heel against me," referring to Judas who should 
 betray him. A little later Jesus handed around " a sop " 
 which consisted of the flesh of the paschal lamb, a piece 
 of unleavened bread, and bitter herbs. He first gave it to 
 Judas, who asks, " Is it I ?" " Jesus therefore saith unto 
 him, That thou doest, do quickly." Judas arose hastily 
 and left the room that he might complete the arrange- 
 ments for the betrayal of his Master. 
 Farewell When therefore he was gone out, Jesus said, " Now is 
 ' the Son of man glorified, and God is glorified in him." 
 With these words by way of introduction he began to 
 deliver his most familiar and touching discourses, re- 
 corded in John xiii, 31 — xvi, 33. The language in the 
 Greek is especially kind and affectionate. Certain words 
 which were used only by the parent in the home are here 
 introduced. " Little children, yet a little while am I 
 with you. ... As I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, 
 ye can not come ; so now I say unto you. A new com- 
 mandment I give unto you, that ye love one another, 
 even as I have loved you. . . . Simon Peter saith unto 
 him, Lord, whither goest thou ? Jesus answered, Whither 
 I go thou canst not follow me now ; but thou shalt follow 
 afterwards. Peter saith, , . . Lord, ... I will lay down 
 my life for thee. Jesus answereth, . . . Verily, verily, 
 I say unto thee, the cock shall not crow, till thou hast 
 denied me thrice." Soon followed those wonderful words 
 recorded in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth chap- 
 ters of John. Jesus closed with that remarkable inter- 
 cessory prayer, John xvii, in which he prays first for 
 himself, then for the disciples, then for all who shall be- 
 lieve on him in future years, even for us. 
 
 The most solemn part of the evening's exercises was 
 
The Passion Week. 199 
 
 the institution of the new sacrament of the Lord's Sup- The Lord's 
 per. It was at the close of the Paschal supper that Jesus instituted. 
 introduced this new institution which should forever sup- 
 plant the Passover supper. "And as they were eating, 
 Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave 
 to his disciples, and said. Take, eat; this is my body. 
 And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, 
 saying, Drink ye all of it ; for this is my blood of the cov- 
 enant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. 
 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this 
 fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with 
 you in my Father's kingdom." 
 
 "And when they had sung a hymn, they went out Oethseman*. 
 unto the Mount of Olives. And they come unto a place 
 which was named Gethsemane." Leaving most of the 
 disciples in the open part of the garden, he takes Peter, 
 James, and John and goes a few paces ahead. Here the 
 Son of man pours out his soul to God. And although 
 well-nigh overwhelmed, he gains a complete victory and 
 prays, *' Oh my Father, if this can not pass away, except 
 I drink it, thy will be done." Eeturning to his disciples, 
 he went forth to meet those who came to arrest him. 
 
 ^A/'ith regard to all eucharistic controversy, we 
 may \vish, -with Hooker, "that men would more 
 give themselves to meditate w^ith silence what w^e 
 have by the sacrament, and less to dispute of the 
 manner how^." "There have been those w^ho, be- 
 cause they enjoyed not, disputed, and others w^ho 
 disputed not because they enjoyed." 
 
 STUDY XXXI.— Second Day. 
 
 Read Luke xxii, 7-18, 24-30; Matt, xxvi, 21-39. 
 Notice, in Mark xiv, 14, the expression, "My guest 
 chamber," which indicates that Jesus would have the 
 
200 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 room strictly to himself and his disciples. It was very 
 probably in the house of the father of Mark, where also 
 may have been the principal meeting-place after Christ's 
 resurrection. See Acts xii, 12. He also kept the place 
 from the knowledge of Judas, who, it is supposed, went 
 to Jerusalem the day before to purchase the paschal lamb, 
 and used the occasion to confer with Christ's enemies. 
 Edersheim II, 481-486. 
 
 STUDY XXXI.— Third Day. 
 
 Bead John xiii. Eecognize the steps in the passages 
 of yesterday and to-day: the approach to the Passover 
 meal, the strife for precedence, Jesus' example of hum- 
 ble service in the feet-washing, his designation of the 
 traitor, Judas' withdrawal, the institution of the sacra- 
 ment of the Lord's Supper, and the beginning of the 
 Master's farewell words. 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Mark on the map the last journey of Jesus from Bethany to 
 Jerusalem, at least before his Passion, by the southern road, 
 used at the triumphal entry, but turning westward at the 
 Kidron valley, perhaps through the water-g^te, and toward 
 Mt. Zion, to the "upper room," and thence to Gethsemane. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXXI. — Thursday — The Last Day with 
 the Disciples. Matt, xxvi, 17-46; Mark xiv, 12-42; Luke xxii, 
 7-46; John xiii, 1 — xviii, 1. 
 
 STUDY XXXI.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead John xiv. Note that in the earlier part of this 
 discourse there are four questions: (1) By Peter, xiii, 
 36-38, "Whither goest thou?" (2) by Thomas, vs. 5-7, 
 "How can we know the way?" (3) by Philip, vs. 8-14, 
 "Show us the Father;" (4) by Judas, not Iscariot, vs. 
 22-24, ' ' How canst thou appear to us and not to the 
 world?" Jesus also presents four other great points of 
 strength and comfort: (1) His new commandment, Love 
 one another in my absence, xiii, 34, 35 ; (2) Have faith 
 in God and in me; though away, I still regard you, and 
 
The Passion Week. 201 
 
 will come for you, vs. 1-4; (3) Even while away, I will be 
 with you through the Holy Spirit, vs. 19-21, 26; (4) I 
 leave with you and give unto you my peace, v. 27. Bruce, 
 "The Training of the Twelve," chap, xxiv ; Godet on John. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 479-541 ; Geikie II, 434-479 ; Stalker, 124-128 ; 
 Andrews, 450-503 ; Far rar, 423-449 ; Rhees, sees. 189-195; Sanday 
 (Hast. Bib. Diet.) II, 636-638. 
 
 STUDY XXXI.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read John xv. Deeply consider that the great topic 
 of this chapter is "Fruit." Notice how Jesus makes it 
 indispensable in his disciples, v. 2; declares its condi- 
 tions, vs. 3-7; and seeks to call it forth by a sevenfold 
 motive: the Father's glory, Christ's honor, v. 8; their 
 abiding in Christ's love, v. 10; Christ's joy in them, 
 their joy fulfilled, v. 11; the privilege of friendship with 
 Christ, vs. 14, 15; and gratitude for his choice of them, 
 V. 16. The new commandment is also twice repeated, 
 vs. 12, 17; their tribulations pointed out, but also the 
 Comforter to sustain them in being his witnesses, vs. 18- 
 25, and these last two ideas are carried into the next 
 chapter. "The Training of the Twelve," chap. xxv. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-work. 
 
 1. The perfect character of Jesus. Luke ii, 40, 52 ; Matt, iii, 
 15; iv, 1-11 ; John iii, 13; iv, 42; Luke v, 3-11 ; Matt, xii, 17-20; 
 V, 17; John vi, 33; Matt, xvi, 15-23; xvii, 1-8, 24-27; John viii, 
 46; Luke xxii, 27; John xiii, 12-15; xiv, 30; xvii, 19; Matt. 
 xxvi, 42; Luke xxiii, 34; John xix, 26, 27, 30. 
 
 2. What is the true significance of the Lord's Supper? 
 Sanday (Hast. Bib. Diet.) II, 636-638; Plummer (Hast. Bib. 
 Diet.), art. "Lord's Supper;" Edersheim 11,509-512; Geikie 
 II, 474, 475. 
 
 3. Why was the coming of the Holy Spirit dependent on 
 Jesus' going away? American Comm. (Hovey) on John xvi, 7; 
 also Wescott. 
 
 4. Do you conceive that the feet washing was a mere cere- 
 
202 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 mony enacted to teach a lesson, or a needful service performed 
 because the rest were none of them willing to undertake it? 
 (Marcus Dods — Expositor's Bible on John xiii.) 
 
 5. "A new commandment." (John xiii, 34.) In what sense 
 was it a new commandment ? 
 
 STUDY XXXI —Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead John xvi. These most intimate farewell dis- 
 closures of Jesus to his disciples are brought to a close 
 in this chapter by utterances the central thought of 
 which may be regarded as power to come from the Holy 
 Spirit (vs. 8-15) and from prayer to the Father in Christ's 
 name (vs. 23, 24). 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. When did the Paschal supper originate ? 
 
 2. What was its meaning? Edersheim, see index; Bib. 
 Diet., " Passover." 
 
 3. Why was unleavened bread used? 
 
 4. Did Judas Iscariot partake of the Lord's Supper? An- 
 drews, 491-493 ; also commentaries and Bib. Diet. 
 
 5. In what sense is the word "sanctify" used in John xvii, 17? 
 
 6. In John xvii, 11, 22, is Jesus praying that there may be a 
 single Church oi-ganization ? 
 
 STUDY XXXI.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John xiv, 1-6, 12. 
 
 Bead thoughtfully, reverently, and with deep medita- 
 tion John xvii; Matt, xxvi, 30, 36-46. 
 
 Determine your chapter names for John xiii-xvii, and 
 write them in the Harmony. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 *'Ye did not choose me, but I chose you, and ap- 
 pointed you, that ye should bear fruit, and that your 
 fruit should abide." 
 
 Is it the normal thing for the Christian life to bear 
 fruit? Of what sort is the fruit? Is it good works 
 merely? What is the condition of fruit bearing? Does 
 my life bring forth the fruit of the Spirit ? 
 
 Gal. V, 22-26. 
 
PART Vn.— THIRTY-SECOND WEEK. 
 FRIDAY— THE DAY OF SUFFERING. 
 
 STUDY XXXII.— First Day. 
 
 The agony in the garden had been followed by the 
 arrest of Jesus, and his return to the city of Jerusalem. 
 
 The trial began early in the morning, just after mid- The TiM 
 night. Jesus was first taken before Annas, who was the ** *'**''•• 
 real Jewish high priest for that year, but not acting. 
 " So the band and the chief captain, and the officers of 
 the Jews, seized Jesus and bound him, and led him to 
 Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which 
 was high priest that year." No account is given of what 
 happened at the house of Annas. The disciples seem to 
 have been so overcome by fear that they absented them- 
 selves, and perhaps none of them ever knew what sort of 
 a trial Jesus was subjected to before this ex-high priest. 
 From Annas, he was taken before Caiaphas, who was the 
 high priest set up by the Roman government. 
 
 The trial before Caiaphas was a sham and a mockery. 
 From the first the court sought to condemn the prisoner. 
 No effort was made to ascertain the truth. Untrust- 
 worthy and hostile witnesses were set up. If Jesus was 
 not guilty of breaking some civil law, he could not be 
 held for breaking any moral law. If they could prove 
 him to be a Sabbath-breaker, which they were unable to 
 do, this offense would not be punishable by death. They 
 were compelled to invent a pretext before arraigning him, 
 and to conduct a mock trial if he were condemned. The 
 one charge on which chief stress was placed was that of 
 blasphemy, as they called it. They believed he would 
 
 203 
 
204 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 openly claim Messiahship, and this, they said, is blas- 
 phemy. So " the high priest stood up in the midst, and 
 asked Jesus, saying, . . . Art thou the Christ, the Son 
 of the Blessed? And Jesus said, I am. . . . And the high 
 priest rent his clothes, and saith, What further need have 
 we of witnesses? Ye have heard the blasphemy: what 
 think ye ? And they all condemned him to be worthy of 
 death." 
 
 From Caiaphas, Jesus was taken before the Sanhe- 
 drin, which was the ecclesiastical court of the Jewish 
 Church. "And as soon as it was day, the assembly of the 
 elders of the people was gathered together, both chief 
 priests and scribes; and they led him away into their 
 council." The Jewish council not having power to exe- 
 cute the death penalty, Jesus was now taken before 
 Pilate, the Eoman governor of Judea. "And the whole 
 company of them rose up, and brought him before Pilate. 
 And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this 
 man perverting our nation, and saying that he himself 
 is Christ a king." Pilate, finding no fault in him, and 
 learning that he was a Galilean, turned him over to 
 Herod, governor of Galilee, who was in the city at this 
 time. Herod sent him back to Pilate, who, at last, 
 though regarding Jesus as innocent, on threat of accu- 
 sation to Csesar by the Jewish leaders, delivered him to 
 be crucified. 
 The "They took Jesus, therefore: and he went out, bear- 
 * ing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place 
 of a skull, which is called in Hebrew Golgotha: where 
 they crucified him, and with him two others, on either 
 side one, and Jesus in the midst. . . . The soldiers there- 
 fore, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, 
 and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also 
 the coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from 
 the top throughout. They said therefore, one to another, 
 Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be : 
 that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They 
 
The Passion Week. 205 
 
 parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture 
 did they cast lots." At about three o'clock in the after- 
 noon of that awful day the end was at hand. The long 
 silence was broken by a cry, " My God, my God, why hast 
 thou forsaken me?" Presently Christ uttered the final 
 words, "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit." 
 
 "And after these things Joseph of Arimathaea, being The 
 a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, ^*"*'^' 
 asked of Pilate that he might take away the body of 
 Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, 
 and took away his body. And there came also Nicode- 
 mus, . . . bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about 
 a hundred pound weight. So they took the body of 
 Jesus, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as 
 the custom of the Jews is to bury. Now in the place 
 where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the 
 garden a new tomb wherein was never man yet laid. 
 There then because of the Jews' Preparation . . . they 
 laid Jesus." 
 
 Those in whom Christ abides will hush them- 
 selves into awe in the presence of these memories. 
 
 STUDY XXXII.— Second Day. 
 
 Read John xviii, 1-24. It is thought by nearly all 
 scholars that the preliminary examination of Jesus be- 
 fore the high priest (vs. 13-23) was before Caiaphas, and 
 that verse 24 means that Annas had previously sent Jesus 
 bound to Caiaphas.* Mark the manly dignity and force 
 with which Christ states the consistent principles and 
 method of his ministry, and the sound, practical equity 
 of his demand that the appeal be made to those who have 
 heard him (vs. 20, 21). 
 
 ♦Andrews, pp. 506-509. 
 
2o6 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXXn.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Matt, xxvi, 57-66 ; Luke xxii, 63-71. It should 
 be specially noted that while Jesus throughout his trial 
 maintained silence, in the face of illegal and futile at- 
 tempts to incriminate him through baseless and perverted 
 charges and false witnesses, there was a calm, direct 
 answer from himself, given with absolute disregard of 
 consequences, when a question, even bearing the form of 
 constituted authority, was put to him respecting his char- 
 acter and nature. So here, when the high priest puts 
 him under oath, and asks whether he is the Messiah, 
 Jesus' immediate answer is, "I am." See Matt, xxvi, 63, 
 64; Mark xiv, 61, 62; Luke xxii, 70 — all pertaining to 
 the same event, in the view of most writers. How high 
 and clear show the courage and splendor of soul of 
 Christ in this point ! 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Locate aa well as you can, and mark on your map for Pas- 
 sion Week, the palaces of Annas, Caiaphas, Pilate, and Herod, 
 Golgotha, and the tomb, and indicate the course of Christ from 
 Gethsemane to the cross and tomb. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXXII. Friday — The Day of Suffering. 
 Matt, xxvi, 47 — xxvii, 61 ; Mark xiv, 43 — xv, 47 ; Luke xxii, 47 — 
 xxiii, 56; John xviii, 2 — xix, 42. 
 
 STUDY XXXII.— FoTirth Day. 
 
 Read John xviii, 28-38; Luke xxiii, 4-16; Matt, xxvii, 
 15-26; John xix, 1-16. Notice the same matchless trait 
 of openness and outspokenness we saw yesterday, when 
 the conditions permit Christ to break his silence, in the 
 question of Pilate and Christ's answer (John xviii, 37). 
 Observe that Pilate's awful failure began when he pro- 
 posed (Luke xxiii, 16) to "chastise" a man whom he 
 counted innocent, ending in his craven hypocrisy and 
 shame, seen in Matt, xxvii, 24, and John xix, 12-16. 
 
The Passion Week. 207 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 541-620 ; Geikie II, 479-545 ; Stalker, 126-146 ; 
 Andrews, 503-572, 575-588 ; Fai-rar, 499-515 ; Rhees, sec. 196-206; 
 Sanday (Hast. Bib. Diet.) II, 633f. 
 
 STUDY XXXII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Eead Luke xxiii, 26-49. As we have been impressed 
 by the strength of Christ during his trial, let us bow 
 before the exhibition of his infinite tenderness and love 
 in his crucifixion. Ponder vs. 28, 34, 43, 46, 47. 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-^work. 
 
 1. Christ in suffering and sacrifice. Luke ii, 51; iv, 2; 
 John i, 29; ii, 19-22; vi, 51 ; Matt, xvi, 21 ; John viii, 27 ; Matt, 
 xviii, 20 ; John x, 11-18 ; Luke xii, 49 ; John xi, 49-52 ; Mark xiv, 
 8; John xii, 23-33; Matt, xxvi, 26-31; John xv, 13; Matt, xxvi, 
 36-46; John xviii, 11 ; Markxiv, 65; Lukexxii,63; Matt, xxvii, 
 26-50; Luke xxiv, 26; the passages in John xviii and xix. 
 
 2. The high priestly office and its incumbents at this period 
 as related to religious and civil affairs. Edersheim I, 263 ; Bib. 
 Diet, on Annas and Caiaphas. 
 
 3. The career and character of Pontius Pilate. Geikie II, 
 531-541, 553, 554 ; Farrar, 474-493. 
 
 4. Let some member of the class note those incidents of 
 the passion which are peculiar to Matthew, another member 
 those which are peculiar to Luke, etc. 
 
 STUDY XXXII.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead John xix, 31-42. Some have seen in the blood 
 and water (v. 34) evidences that the heart of Jesus was 
 broken under his sufferings. In a spiritual sense may 
 our hearts break with penitence for sin ! 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. Record in order the persons and tribunals concerned in 
 trying Jesus. 
 
 2. What is blasphemy? 
 
 3. Why was Christ guiltless of this charge ? 
 
 4. Can you name some particulars in which the trial of 
 Jesus was unjust and illegal, (a) before the Jewish authorities, 
 
2o8 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 (b) before Pilate ? Edersheim II, 553, 554 ; Andrews, 512 ; and 
 Commentaries. 
 
 5. Arrange a list of the utterances of Christ on the cross as 
 nearly as you can in the order of their occurrence. 
 
 STUDY XXXII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Mark xv, 31, 
 
 See if in your thought you can follow the several 
 steps in the apprehension, trial, crucifixion, and burial 
 of Christ. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "To this end have I been born, and to this end am I 
 come into the world, that I should bear witness unto the 
 truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice." 
 
 Am I "of the truth ?" Do I clearly hear the voice of 
 Christ ? Has the truth made me free ? How far have I 
 also made it the end for which I was born to be a witness 
 unto the truth ? In what way do I bear witness ? 
 
 Read 1 Cor. xiii, 6; Eph. vi, 14; 1 John i, 6, 9. 
 
PART VII.— THIRTY-THIRD -WEEK. 
 SATURDAY— THE DAY IN THE TOMB. 
 
 STUDY XXXIII.— First Day. 
 
 "Although Christ was dead and buried, the rulers The Rest- 
 less Jewish 
 were not at ease, and the chief priests and Pharisees came Rulers. 
 
 to Pilate desiring that the door of the sepulcher might be 
 sealed, and a watch set, to prevent the disciples from 
 stealing the body; alleging, as the ground of their fear, 
 his words, 'After three days I will rise again.' At what 
 time this request was made is in question. It is said by 
 some that they went to Pilate on the evening following 
 the burial, perhaps two or three hours later, the object 
 being to secure the body before the darkness made its 
 theft possible. . . . But the language of Matthew, ' Now 
 on the morrow,' leads us rather to think of the morning 
 after, but at how early an hour we can not tell ; nor do 
 we know where they met Pilate, whether at his palace or 
 not. The whole proceeding was a violation of the sanc- 
 tity of the Sabbath. ... To the Pharisees he had spoken 
 of the sign of the prophet Jonah as to be fulfilled in him- 
 self (Matt, xii, 40,) and now that he was dead, they must 
 have thought of its actual fulfillment. Besides, it is 
 scarce possible that they should not, through some of 
 the disciples, have heard of his words respecting his res- 
 urrection spoken to them. Judas must have known what 
 14 209 
 
210 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 his Lord said, and may have told the priests. They were 
 far too sagacious not to take precautions against all pos- 
 sible contingencies. Even if they did not believe his res- 
 urrection possible, and had no faith in the words, still it 
 was wise to guard against the stealing of the body. But 
 it is not certain that they did not fear that he would rise. 
 Did they not know of the resurrection of Lazarus? and 
 might not he who then bade the dead arise, himself come 
 forth ? In their state of mind, to seal the stone and set 
 the watch was a very natural precaution." 
 Surprised by "But why was not the body, when taken from the cross, 
 
 the Boldness 
 
 of Joseph and at oucc taken charge of by the Pharisees, and not deliv- 
 ' ered into the hands of his disciples ? Very likely this 
 may have been their purpose, and the request of Joseph 
 for the body may have been something unknown and un- 
 expected to them ; but as it was given to him by permis- 
 sion of Pilate they could not interfere. It was of no 
 importance in what sepulcher it was placed, provided it 
 was secure; and doubtless they knew it was in the sep- 
 ulcher ere they sealed the stone. When the stone was 
 sealed is not said, but probably some time during the 
 Sabbath. (Matt, xxvii, 62.) Perhaps they relied on the 
 sanctity of the Sabbath as a sufficient preventive against 
 his disciples, and thought no guard necessary till the day 
 was past. Perhaps they supposed at first that with his 
 death all cause of apprehension from his disciples had 
 vanished, and that afterward, seeing the boldness of Jo- 
 seph and Nicodemus in the matter of his burial, they be- 
 gan to reflect, and this step occurred to them." 
 Why Mat- " That the account is given by Matthew only, is read- 
 
 thew's Is the , i ■. i i . i j. i 
 
 only account, ily explained from the fact that he wrote specially for the 
 Jews, among whom the report of stealing the body had 
 
The Passion Week. 211 
 
 been put in circulation. It is omitted by Mark and Luke, 
 who wrote for another class of readers." (Andrews.) 
 
 While the sacred body of Jesus thus reposed in the ^**^ ^"<* 
 
 •' ^ of Letter 
 
 sealed and guarded tomb during the Jewish Sabbath, the and Type. 
 
 stately service of the temple, conducted by the priesthood 
 that had been most active in putting him to death, went 
 on with its wonted splendor. Yet there was one startling 
 sign, visible to every worshiper, declaring, did one but 
 grasp its import, that the religion of letter and type had 
 come to an end, and that the religion of spirit and life 
 Avas henceforth to unfold and possess the future. The 
 heavy veil of the temple hung rent from top to bottom. 
 True faith was forever emancipated from dead forms: 
 Christ had opened "the kingdom of heaven to all be- 
 lievers." 
 
 Let the student who is tempted to spare the toil 
 in reviewing and repetition necessary to master the 
 accounts of the closing w^eek of Christ's life medi- 
 tate on the incongruity of a careless and indifferent 
 study of the Savior's sacrifice for our sins. 
 
 STUDY XXXTTI.— Second. Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xxvii, 62-66. "Preparation," v. 62, des- 
 ignates the day that immediately precedes the Sabbath or 
 any of the feast days.* Notice, v. 63, how intense hatred 
 and prejudice would still pursue Christ even past the 
 portals of death. 
 
 STUDY XXXIII.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Mark xi. With this chapter we begin a rapi(f 
 review in Mark of Part VII, the Passion Week, which 
 
 * Meyer on Matthew xxvU, ( 
 
2 1 2 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 part and title place in your New Testament in the margin 
 of xi, 1. Then, immediately underneath the same, write 
 Sunday, the Day of Triumph, also in the margin of v. 12, 
 Monday, the Day of Authority, and in the margin of v. 
 20, Tuesday, the Day of Conflict. (See Studies XXVII, 
 XXVIII, XXIX.) 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Review carefully on your map and in mind the course of 
 Christ during the Passion Week. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXXIII. — Saturday — The Day in the 
 Tomb. Matt, xxvii, 62-66. 
 
 STUDY XXXIII.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Kead Mark xii. It will be seen that this chapter 
 carries us through some of the most exciting phases of 
 Tuesday, the Day of Conflict. (See Study XXIX.) 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 619, 620; Geikie II, 545, 546; Stalker, 146; 
 Andrews, 572-574; Farrar, 515, 516; Rhees, sec. 208. 
 
 STUDY XXXIII.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read Mark xiii. In this chapter we draw near the 
 close of the Day of Conflict, and have Mark's report of the 
 discourse on the Mount of Olives. (See Study XXIX.) 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class-"work. 
 
 1. Christ's union with the Father through the Spirit in 
 prayer, obedience, and work. Luke ii, 49; iii, 21; iv, 1; Mark 
 i, 35 ; John v, 17 ; vi, 45 ; Luke ix, 29, 35 ; Mark ix, 29 ; John viii, 
 
The Passion Week. 213 
 
 29; xiv, 10, 16; xv, 10; xvii, 4, 14, 20, 21; Matt, xxvi, 53, 54; 
 Luke xxiii, 46. 
 
 2 What has been and is the prevailing Jewish view of 
 Christ? 
 
 3. The causes of the continued attitude of the Jews toward 
 the Christian faith. (See article "Jews" in Encyclopedias.) 
 
 4. The general characteristics of the Gospel of Matthew. 
 (See Introduction to any good commentary or article in Bib. 
 Diet, for this and the following topics. ) 
 
 5. The general characteristics of the Gospel of Mark. 
 
 6. The Gospel of Luke. 
 
 7. The Gospel of John. (See especially "Wescott and Go- 
 dot's commentaries on John, and Reynolds in Hast. Bib. Diet.) 
 
 STUDY XXXni.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Mark xiv, 1, 2, 10-73. In the margin of v. 1 
 place Wednesday, a Day of Eetirement, connecting with 
 it vs. 2, 10, 11; in the margin of v. 12, Thursday, the 
 Last Day with the Disciples; and in the margin of v. 43, 
 Friday, the Day of Suffering. (See Studies XXX, 
 XXXI, XXXII.) 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. During what whole day was Christ's body in the tomb? 
 During parts of what other days ? 
 
 2. In John's account of the trial and crucifixion, make a list 
 of the passages that bring out in strong light the personal maj- 
 esty of Jesus. 
 
 3. Make a list of the passages in the same Gospel that bring 
 out the voluntariness of his death. 
 
 4. Designate three of Christ's greatest discourses during 
 this week. 
 
 5. What inscription did Pilate have placed on the cross ? 
 
 6. Whom did the Jews finally say was their king ? 
 
 7. Is there any Scripture to show that the Jews will yet 
 accept Christ? If so, give reference or references. 
 
214 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 STUDY XXXIII.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize John xix, 41, 42. 
 
 Bead Mark xv. Note that the first verse of the chap- 
 ter opens the record of Christ's trial before Pilate, as 
 given by Mark, and that the close of the chapter con- 
 cludes his account of Friday, the Day of Suffering. 
 (See Study XXXII.) 
 
 Add to your previous list of persons whom Jesus met, 
 the names of those with whom he came in contact during 
 Passion Week, as given by Mark. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 *'And the women which had come out of Galilee, fol- 
 lowed after, and beheld the tomb, and how his body was 
 laid. And they returned and prepared spices and oint- 
 ments." 
 
 " Now on the morrow . . . the chief priests and 
 Pharisees . . . went and made the sepulcher sure, 
 sealing the stone, the guard being with them." 
 
 Does my heart offer to Christ crucified, sweet spices, 
 or a sealed stone and a guard ? 
 
 Read 1 Cor. i, 21-24. 
 
PAET YIII. 
 THE FOETY DAYS. 
 
 THIRTY-FOURTH 'WEEK. 
 SUNDAY MORNING— THE RESURRECTION. 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— First Day. 
 
 As the resurrection of Lazarus was the supreme mir- Crowning 
 acle in the ministry of Jesus, so Christ's own resurrection Christ's Res- 
 was the crowning fact in his redemptive work, and in the urrection. 
 establishment of the Christian religion. It put the divine 
 seal on all that he had done, and was the certain proof 
 that his sacrifice for the sins of the human race was ac- 
 ceptable to the Father. It is in this sense that "He 
 was delivered up for our trespasses, and was raised for 
 our justification." (Rom. iv, 25.) And thus it is that in 
 the preaching of the apostles the resurrection of Christ 
 is always presented as that which makes his saving work 
 complete. 
 
 Says Edersheim: "The history of the life of Christ Sheds Light 
 upon earth closes with a miracle as great as that of its uioui^BiJthr 
 inception. It may be said that the one casts light upon 
 the other. If he was what the Gospels represent him, 
 he must have been born of a pure virgin, and he must 
 have risen from the dead. If the story of his birth be 
 true, we can believe that of his resurrection; if that of 
 his resurrection be true, we can believe that of his birth. 
 In the nature of things the latter was incapable of strict 
 
 215 
 
21 6 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 historical proof; and, in the nature of things, his resur- 
 rection demanded and was capable of the fullest histor- 
 ical evidence. If such exists, the keystone is given to the 
 arch, . . . and Jesus is the Christ in the full sense of 
 the Gospels. And yet we mark, as another parallel point 
 between the account of the miraculous birth and that of 
 the resurrection, the utter absence of details as regards 
 these events themselves. It imposes on us the duty of 
 observing the reverent silence so well-befitting the case, 
 and not intruding beyond the path which the evangelic 
 narrative has opened to us." 
 Order of The present Study includes only the event of the 
 
 Events Be- , . t , i » . ^ 
 
 fore His First resurrection and the reports of it on Sunday morning, 
 Appearance, leaving the Several appearances to the opening of the 
 next Study. This, then, seems to be the order of the 
 occurrences: "When the sabbath was past, Mary Mag- 
 dalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, 
 bought spices, that they might come and anoint him. 
 And very early on the first day of the week, they come 
 to the tomb." Their arrival was probably "at early 
 dawn." (Luke xxiv, 1.) "And they were saying among 
 themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone from the 
 door of the tomb ? and looking up, they see that the 
 stone is rolled back: for it was exceeding great." How 
 long before their coming the Lord had risen we do not 
 know, but Matthew states that " there was a great earth- 
 quake ; for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven, 
 and came and rolled away the stone, and sat upon it. 
 His appearance was as lightning, and his raiment white 
 as snow: and for fear of him the watchers did quake, 
 and became as dead men." The first to give tidings of 
 the situation at the tomb was Mary Magdalene. "She 
 runneth therefore, and cometh to Simon Peter, and to 
 the other disciple, whom Jesus loved, and saith unto 
 them. They have taken away the Lord out of the tomb, 
 and we know not where they have laid him." While 
 she was gone, the other women entered into the tomb, 
 
The Forty Days. 217 
 
 but did not find the body of Christ. "And it came to 
 pass, while they were perplexed thereabout, behold, 
 two men stood by them in dazzling apparel: and as 
 they were affrighted, and bowed down their faces to the 
 earth, they said unto them. Why seek ye the living 
 among the dead ? He is not here, but is risen : remem- 
 ber how he spake unto you when he was yet in Galilee. 
 . . . And they remembered his words, and returned 
 from the tomb, and told all these things to the eleven, 
 and to all the rest. . . . And these words appeared in 
 their sight as idle talk; and they disbelieved them." 
 Though unconvinced, Peter and John now ran to the 
 tomb, and when they had entered it, and saw the 
 striking arrangement of the cloths, perhaps retaining 
 the shape and position as they were when wound about 
 the body, "and the napkin, that was upon his head, 
 not lying with the linen cloths, but rolled up in a place 
 by itself" — that is, in the same form and place as 
 when about his head — their doubts vanished, and they 
 "believed." 
 
 Let it be remembered that the fact of the resur- 
 rection in no sense depends for its proof on any one 
 argument or any one set of facts. A combination of 
 facts relating to prophecy, to the unique character of 
 Jesus, to the general credibility of the Gospels as a 
 whole, to the credibility of the parts of the Gospels 
 immediately concerned, to the witness of the Paul- 
 ine Epistles, to the effects attending the preaching 
 of a risen Christ, and to the experimental tests of 
 believing Christians, — all these bear upon the 
 subject. 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— Second Day. 
 
 Eead Matt, xxviii, 1-8. For this and the three fol- 
 lowing days we give Edersheim's fine characterization of 
 the four Gospels in their treatment of the resurrection. 
 
21 8 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 '* Matthew describes the impression of the full evi- 
 dence of that Easter morning on friend and foe, and then 
 hurries us from the Jerusalem stained with Christ's blood 
 back to the sweet lake and the blessed mount where first 
 he spake." 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— Third Day. 
 
 Read Mark xvi, 1-8. " Mark . . . gives not only a 
 mere summary, but, if one might use the expression, tells 
 it as from the bosom of the Jerusalem family, from the 
 house of his mother Mary." 
 
 Suggestions for Map "Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Let your eye run rapidly over the course of Christ on your 
 maps from the beginning, and see how nearly in thought you 
 can trace his journeyings from the manger cradle to the cross. 
 
 Harmony. — Part VIII. The Forty Days. From the Res- 
 urrection until the Ascension.— Study XXXIV. Sunday Moi'n- 
 ing — The Resurrection. Matt, xxviii, 1-8; Mark xvi, 1-8 ; Luke 
 xxiv, 1-12; John xx, 1-10. 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Read Luke xxiv, 8-11. "Luke seems to have made 
 most full inquiry as to all the facts of the resurrection, 
 and his narrative might almost be inscribed, Easter- 
 Day in Jerusalem." 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim, II, 621-635; Geikie II, 547-552; Stalker, 147; 
 Andrews, 589, 590; Farrar, 516, 517; Rhees, sees. 209-222; 
 Sanday (Hast. Bib. Diet.) II, 638-642. 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Read John xx, 3-10. "John paints such scenes as 
 are most significant and teachful of this threefold lesson 
 of his Gospel : that Jesus was the Christ ; that he was the 
 Son of God; and that, believing, we have life in his name." 
 
The Forty Days. 219 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Class- work. 
 
 1. The enduring power and glory of Christ. John i, 1-3; 
 Luke ii, 30-32; John ii, 11; v, 21-23, 26, 27; Matt, v, 22-25; 
 X, 37-39; xvi, 27; Luke ix, 28-35; John viii, 58; Matt, xxiv, 30, 
 35 ; XXV, 31-34, 46 ; Luke xxii, 28-30 ; John xvii, 1, 5 ; Matt, xxvi, 
 53; Luke xxiv, 5-8, 26; Matt, xxviii, 18-20. 
 
 2. The full meaning and effect of Christ's resurrection. 
 See, especially, Sanday (Hast. Bib. Diet.) II, 642; Wescott, 
 "The Revelation of the Risen Lord ;" also Andrews, 590. 
 
 3. The reason for Christ's injunction to Mary: "Touch me 
 not, for I have not yet ascended to my Father." (Wescott, 
 Godet, and Dods' commentaries on John xx, 17, 18.) 
 
 4. The spiritual lessons 'to be derived from the appearance 
 by the Sea of Galilee. (Marcus Dods' Expositor's Bible on 
 John XX i.) 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Eead rapidly Mark xvi, 1-8; Matt, xxviii, 1-8; Luke 
 xxiv, 1-12; John xx, 1-10, and with the continued ac- 
 counts in the next Study seek to feel the force of what has 
 been written above. 
 
 Review the key-points and qualities of Mark's Gospel. 
 (See especially Studies III, VII, VIII, XI, XIV, XXXIV.) 
 
 Questions for "Written Answers. 
 
 1. On what day of the week did Jesus rise? 
 
 2. By what special name is the day known because of his 
 resurrection ? 
 
 3. Why does the Gospel of Mark, xvi, 7, have the words, 
 "and Peter?" 
 
 4. What was the name of the disciple wlio outran Peter? 
 John XX, 4. 
 
 5. What action was characteristic of Peter? John xx, 6. 
 
 6. Why did not the disciples more readily believe that 
 Christ had risen from the dead? 
 
 STUDY XXXIV.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, xxviii, 5-7. 
 
 The Gospel of Matthew presents Christ as a King, 
 reigning in righteousness. It connects him with the 
 
220 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 past, tracing the genealogy from Abraham through the 
 royal line of David, and places him in the focus of the 
 full prophetic ideal of Israel's Messiah. Mark, in con- 
 trast, pictures Christ as the Servant of Jehovah, not re- 
 garding his descent nor looking beyond the living, active 
 present. Luke records Christ as the perfect Man, in the 
 racial line from Adam, but moving outward and forward 
 to touch and transform all mankind. John declares 
 Christ as the Divine Son of God, manifested in the flesh, 
 that he may draw all men upward toward spiritual and 
 eternal life. Matthew and Mark yield official aspects of 
 kingship and service, Luke and John personal aspects of 
 humanity and divinity. Four words sum up the four 
 Gospels, King, Servant, Man, God. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "And these words appeared in their sight as idle talk; 
 and they disbelieved them." 
 
 Does any great truth respecting Christ still appear to 
 me as "idle talk?" 
 
 Eead Acts viii, 37 — xvi, 31; Rom. x, 9; 1 John v, 
 14, 15; 3 Cor. xiii, 5. 
 
PART VIII.— THIRTY-FIFTH "WEEK. 
 
 APPEARANCES— FINAL COMMISSION— ASCEN- 
 SION. 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— First Day. 
 
 The fact of the resurrection of Christ being of such ^J^'^/j^'^^^. 
 exceptional value to Christian faith, it is important that urrection. 
 the proof of it should be of impregnable strength. Yet 
 this should in no wise depend on the experience or testi- 
 mony of the unbelieving. Therefore, in each of the ten 
 resurrection appearances of Jesus, disciples only were the 
 chosen witnesses. 
 
 The record of the arrangement of the Jewish rulers J**^^'** 
 with the watch (Matt, xxviii, 11-15), so that the soldiers 
 should make a false report that the disciples came by 
 night and stole the body of Jesus away while the guard 
 slept, breaks into the account of Christ's appearances, 
 and we prefer to dispose of it here by this passing ref- 
 erence. 
 
 The first appearance of Jesus was to Mary Magdalene, p{^^j™**'jg|!|]* 
 and the account of it in John xx, 11-18, forms one of the ance. 
 most beautiful passages of the Gospels. 
 
 The second appearance was to the other women as they At Jerusalem. 
 
 „ , , ,, Second Ap- 
 
 were returnmg from the sepulcher. Jesus greets them pearance. 
 with the words, "All hail." (Matt, xxviii, 8-10.) 
 
 The third appearance took place at Emmaus, about ^5,,^^'^'^"^^^. 
 eight miles north west of Jerusalem, whither two disci- ance. 
 pies, Cleopas and his companion, Avent on this first Sun- 
 
 221 
 
222 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 day. Jesus joined them, and disclosed himself in the 
 breaking of bread. (Luke xxiv, 13-35.) 
 At Jerusalem, Concerning the fourth appearance, which probably 
 pearance. occurred in the afternoon of this first day, we have sim- 
 ply the report of these two men on their return to Jeru- 
 salem, " The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared to 
 Simon" (Luke xxiv, 34), confirmed by the statement of 
 Paul (1 Cor. XV, 5), that "he appeared to Cephas." 
 At Jerusalem, The fifth and last appearance for the day was at Jeru- 
 ance. salem that evening to the ten apostles, Thomas being ab- 
 sent. "And as they spake these things, he himself stood 
 in the midst of them, and saith unto them. Peace be unto 
 you." He then made the evidence of his resurrection 
 more complete by asking them to handle him, and by 
 eating before them. (Luke xxiv, 36-43.) 
 At Jerusalem, The next Sunday evening, just one week later, he ap- 
 ance. peared to the eleven apostles, Thomas being present, who 
 cried, " My Lord and my God," overwhelmed by the proof 
 of Jesus' identity. (John xx, 26-29.) 
 At the Sea The seventh appearance was to seven of the apostles 
 Seventh Ap- ^^ ^^6 sca of Galilee. It was at this time that Peter was 
 pearance. reinstated among the apostles after his denial of his Lord. 
 (John xxi, 1-24.) 
 At the MouR- The eighth appearance was probably on the Mount of 
 lee. Eighth Beatitudes in Galilee, and in the presence of "above five 
 Appearance, jmndrcd brethren at once.'-^ (Matt, xxviii, 7, 10, 16 ; 1 Cor. 
 XV, 6.) 
 At Jerusalem, Jesus now appeared to James, his brother, we suppose 
 pearance. ^t Jerusalem. A mere mention of this appearance is 
 given in 1 Cor. xv, 7. 
 At the Mount j^gt forty days after the resurrection Jesus appeared 
 Tenth Ap- ^0 the eleven apostles, and delivered to them his parting 
 pearance. instructions, and led them out "until they were over 
 against Bethany," from whence he ascended. (Luke xxiv, 
 50, 51.) 
 Appearance The manifestation of Christ to Paul near Damascus 
 ' might be termed the eleventh appearance (1 Cor. xv, 8) j 
 
The Forty Days. 223 
 
 but as it occurred after the ascension, we do not place it 
 in the present list. 
 
 Of vast importance for all the subsequent history of The Final 
 the Church was Christ's final commission to his followers, 
 as given in Matt, xxviii, 18-20. Delivered on the moun- 
 tain in Galilee, where his ministry had opened with the 
 Sermon (see Study X), and in the presence of five hun- 
 dred disciples, it looked to the ages to come and the 
 regions beyond, and has been the foundation of the entire 
 evangelistic and missionary record of Christianity. 
 
 The earthly life or saving manifestation of Jesus The As- 
 Christ, which we have sought reverently to study, now 
 comes to a close with his ascension from Mount Olivet. 
 Yet, through the Holy Spirit, through his divine pres- 
 ence, through his union with all who compose *'the 
 church, which is his body" (Eph. i, 23), he is ever here 
 to win men and reveal himself in them. Still more, he 
 is to come again in power and great glory. "Amen, 
 come, Lord Jesus." 
 
 It is important to remember that the Gospel rec- 
 ords of the resurrection -were not addressed to their 
 first readers primarily as proofs of the fact of resur- 
 rection, but rather as further revelations of the 
 nature of the risen Christ. Those for whom the 
 Gospels >vere Tvritten were already convinced of 
 the fact. This explains the fragmentariness of the 
 accounts. 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— Second Day. 
 
 Read John xx, 11-18; Matt, xxviii, 9-15; Luke xxiv, 
 13-35. In this third passage we have almost our last read- 
 ing from Luke, which an eminent writer has described as 
 "the most beautiful book that has ever been written," 
 and cites this passage as one which is fitted to confirm 
 
224 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 this verdict. Review the main points brought out in the 
 Studies respecting Luke's Gospel. (See especially Stud- 
 ies I, II, VII, XI, XII, XX, XXIV, XXXIV.) 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— Third Day. 
 
 Bead John xx, 19-31. Note particularly that v. 31 
 states the purpose for which John's Gospel was written, 
 and review its distinctive features. (See especially Stud- 
 ies I, V, VI, XI, XXV, XXXIV.) 
 
 Suggestions for Map Work and References for the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Make an outline map and draw thereon a line representing 
 the succession of Christ's appearances ; as, from the tomb to 
 Emmaus, Jerusalem, the Sea of Galilee, the Mount of Beati- 
 tudes, Jerusalem, the Mount of Olives. 
 
 Harmony. — Study XXXV. — Appearances — Final Commis- 
 sion — Ascension. Matt, xxviii, 9-20; Mark xvi, 9-20; Luke 
 xxiv, 13-52; John xx, 11— xxi, 25; Acts i, 1-9; 1 Cor. xv, 5-8. 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— Fourth Day. 
 
 Eead John xxi. Having reached the close of John's 
 Gospel, we submit a full list of chapter-names, but ask 
 each student to weigh them, and adopt others when such 
 would seem more accurate: 1. First Five Disciples; 2. 
 Wedding, Temple ; 3. New Birth; 4. Woman, Nobleman ; 
 5. Bethesda; 6. Bread; 7. Water; 8. Light; 9. Sight; 
 10. Good Shepherd; 11. Lazarus Liveth; 12. Christ 
 Lifted Up; 13. Christ Teaching Humility; 14. Comfort; 
 15. Fruit; 16. Holy Spirit Power; 17. Intercessory 
 Prayer; 18. Christ Arrested; 19. Christ Crucified; 20. 
 Christ Risen; 31. Christ as Lord. 
 
 General References. 
 
 Edersheim II, 635-652; Geikie 11,562-572; Stalker, 147-152; 
 Andrews, 590-639 ; Farrar, 517-526 ; Rhees, sees. 206-229 ; San- 
 day (Hast. Bib. Diet.) II, 642, 643. 
 
The Forty Days. 225 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— Fifth Day. 
 
 Bead Matt, xxviii, 16-20; Luke xxiv, 44-53. Con- 
 cerning Matthew, Farrar says: "Few have fully realized 
 the antique simplicity, the monumental grandeur with 
 which the evangelist has carried out his design, the 
 magnificent unity and fine construction of this Gospel." 
 Review its peculiarities and qualities. (See especially 
 Studies I, II, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XXXIV.) 
 
 Topics for Personal Investigation and for Assignment 
 in Olass-work. 
 
 1. The immeasurable and unfailing love of Christ for all 
 mankind. Matt, viii, 2, 3; ix, 13; Luke vii, 47-50; Matt, ix, 
 86-38 ; Mark viii, 2, 3 ; Matt, xi, 28-30 ; Luke ix, 41, 42 ; x, 29-37 ; 
 XV ; Matt, xxiii, 37; Mark xiv, 22-24; John xiii, 34; xiv, 27; 
 XV, 13 ; Luke xxiii, 34, 42, 43 ; Acts i, 8. 
 
 2. What is the true significance of Christian baptism? 
 Bib. Diets., and Commentaries on Matt, xxviii, 19, and other 
 Scriptures. 
 
 3. The second coming of Christ. Commentaries on Matt, 
 xxiv; Mark xii ; compare also doctrines of John, chapters xiv- 
 xvi, and xxi ; Bib. Diet., art. "Parousia;" Terry's "Biblical 
 Apocalyptics." 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— Sixth Day. 
 
 Read Acts i, 1-11. Let us recognize that the last 
 service of Christ before his ascension was to lay upon the 
 hearts of liis disciples, as their one great work, a mis- 
 sionary purpose that means the evangelization of the 
 entire world, Matt, xxviii, 18-20; Acts i, 8; and that the 
 method is personal witnessing, evangelism, and ministry 
 in tlie power of the Holy Spirit. 
 
 Questions for Written Answers. 
 
 1. "What Gospel especially gives the deeds of Christ? 
 
 2. "What Gospel especially records the discourses of Christ? 
 
 3. What Gospel reports the Perean ministry ? 
 
 4. What Gospel is written with a purpose to manifest Jesus 
 as the Son of God ? 
 
 15 
 
226 Studies in the Life of Christ. 
 
 5. What, in the light of the Gospels, do you regard as the 
 three greatest facts about Christ ? 
 
 6. Name three of the most important discourses of Christ. 
 
 7. Express, as far as you can, the nature and character of 
 Christ in five descriptive terms. 
 
 STUDY XXXV.— Seventh Day. 
 
 Memorize Matt, xxviii, 18-20. 
 
 Dwell in the life of our Lord, until the Life shall 
 dwell in you. 
 
 Personal Thought. 
 
 "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the 
 world." 
 
 Am I conscious of the presence and power of the 
 Holy Spirit in my life ? Is my attitude toward the great 
 commission of Christ such as justifies me in claiming 
 this his farewell promise? In what ways do I seek to obey 
 the last command of my Lord ? Am I doing everything 
 within my power to extend the gospel throughout the 
 world ? 
 
 Eead Acts i, 4-8; Psalm Ixxii, 8; Eom. xv, 18-20; 
 1 Peter ii, 9.