RANZ lELITZSCH 
 
 t.^U 
 
 M^^ 
 
 'EMORIAL TRIBUTE 
 

 * 
 
 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 I 
 
 SM/.. 
 
 , BL 43 .C87 1891 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Curtiss, Samuel 
 
 Ives, 
 
 1844- 
 
 1904. 
 
 
 
 Franz Delitzsch 
 
 
 
FRAXZ DELITZSCH. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2008 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/franzdelitzschmeOOcurt 
 
FRANZ DELITZSCH 
 
 H flDemorial ITribute* 
 
 BY 
 
 / 
 
 SAMUP:L IVES CUETISS, 
 
 PROFESSOR IN CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 
 
 EDINBUEGH: 
 T. & T. CLAEK, 38 GEOEGE STEEET. 
 
 1891. 
 
PRINTED BY MORRISON AND GIBB, 
 FOR 
 
 T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH. 
 
 LONDON, HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO. 
 
 DUBLIN, GEORGE HERBERT. 
 
 NEW YORK, SCRIBNER AND WELFORD. 
 
IN STUDY, RECREATION, AND CHRISTIAN SERA'ICE, 
 LEIPZIG, 187a-1878, 
 
 Professor CASPAR RENE GREGORY, Ph.D. 
 
 THIS SLIGHT TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY 
 
 OF OUR BELOVED TEACHER 
 
 IS DEDICATED 
 
 AS WE CLASP HANDS ONCE MORE 
 
 OVER HIS GRAVE. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This Memorial was undertaken at the suggestion of 
 my friend, Professor Caspar Eene Gregory of the 
 University of Leipzig. It is not designed, however, 
 in any way to forestall a large work which is 
 promised in German. As several years may elapse 
 before that work can appear, it is hoped meanwhile 
 that this little volume may be welcomed by those 
 who knew and loved Professor Delitzsch. 
 
 It lays no claim to completeness, although it is 
 based on an intimate acquaintance with him which 
 began in 1873 ; on a careful examination of original 
 documents, not previously brought to light ; and on 
 personal interviews with those who were acquainted 
 with Professor Delitzsch and his mother for years, 
 one of whom was an old schoolmate at the Nicolai 
 Gymnasium. 
 
 While it does not contain his correspondence, and 
 many details which would be so interesting to former 
 pupils, it may perhaps present some pictures which 
 may be helpful in giving at least a faint conception 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 of the noble personality which we associate with the 
 name Franz Delitzsch. 
 
 If all our theologians could be animated with liis 
 spirit, debatable questions in theology would be dis- 
 cussed without bitterness, and childlike faith would 
 be combined with scientific research. 
 
 No effort has been made to suppress anything 
 concerning his early difficulties and struggles. The 
 whole story is told so far as it is known to me. 
 I can only believe that the more his life is studied 
 the greater must be our admiration for his industry, 
 his learning, his self-denying labours, and for his 
 warm devotion to the cause of Christ. 
 
 SAMUEL IVES CURTISS. 
 
 Chicago, February 1891. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP, 
 
 I. SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE, . . . , 
 
 11. THE LAST FAREWELL, 
 
 III, DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN, . 
 
 IV. DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FRIEND OF AUTHORS, 
 V. DELITZSCH AS THE FRIEND OF ISRAEL, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 1 
 
 26 
 45 
 58 
 70 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I. VITA, 81 
 
 II. AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 82 
 
 III. PARTIAL LIST OF WORKS, 85 
 
FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 CHAPTEK I. 
 
 SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 
 
 "Remember: 'The kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the 
 violent take it by force. ' " — Delitzsch. 
 
 rpHE family, whose name Franz Delitzsch inherited, 
 J- was a very humble one. The name, however, 
 as appears from the records, was Dolitzsch. The 
 father, who was born in Leisnig, a town beautifully 
 situated on the road from Leipzig to Dresden, was a 
 dealer in second-hand clothes. The grandfather, who 
 was a grenadier in a regiment under the command of 
 Major-General Lecoq, came from Wendisch Luppa,^ 
 a small place in Saxony, near Oschatz. 
 
 His mother, whose maiden name was MuUer, was 
 from Schkeuditz, a town near Leipzig, on the road 
 to Halle. Young Dolitzsch was married quietly on 
 the 1st of June 1803, when he was a little over 
 
 ^ The figures in the text refer to the notes at the end of the 
 chapters. 
 
2 FKANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 twenty years of age. It is clear from the clnircli 
 records, which I have examined with greatest 
 care, that both of the families represented in this 
 marriage were of pure German extraction, without 
 any trace of Jewish blood, as has sometimes been 
 imagined. So far as we can learn, there was no 
 fruit of this union until about ten years later, as will 
 soon appear. 
 
 Some years ago Professor Delitzsch wrote regard- 
 ing a discovery made by his colleague, Professor 
 Kahnis, of a Madster Andreas Delitzsch, who was 
 connected with the University of Leipzig in the time 
 of the Pieformation. In this article Professor De- 
 litzsch says that for nearly ten years he, too, was 
 known as Magister Delitzsch, and seems to wish that 
 in some way a connection might be established 
 between him and the one whose name was thus ex- 
 humed from oblivion. With evident regret, however, 
 he remarks that probably there is no connection be- 
 tween the family of Dolitzsch and that of Delitzsch, 
 on account of the different spelling of the name." 
 But the spelling proves nothing, for down to the 
 present century the spelling of names often differs 
 according to the sound, and the sound according to 
 provincial varieties of pronunciation. Thus we find 
 in duplicate records of the baptism of Delitzsch's 
 father, that in the official record kept by the sexton 
 the name is written Dolitzsch,^ while in the copy 
 kept by the superintendent of the parish the name is 
 Delitzsch, and in the record of the marriage of his 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH S LIFE. o 
 
 parents at Schkeuditz the name is also written 
 Delitzsch.* 
 
 No nobility of family, however, could add any- 
 thing to the lustre of his name. All who may 
 hereafter bear it might well wish to prove that in 
 some way their families were connected with his. 
 
 He first saw the light in a house which was then 
 No. 1299 Grimmasche Steinweg, a continuation of 
 Grimmasche Strasse, outside of the ancient city 
 limits, February 23rd, 1813. On the 4th of March 
 immediately following, according to the universal 
 custom of the Lutheran Church at that time of 
 allowing but little delay between birth and baptism, 
 he was baptized in the Xicolai Church. 
 
 It was a humble company which gathered around 
 this babe, who was to be one of the brightest theo- 
 logical lights of this century. The Mayor of Leipzig 
 and the Eector of the L^niversity might well have 
 been his godfathers, and Superintendent Eosen- 
 miiller ^ might have counted it an honour to have 
 baptized such a child. But as the world did not 
 know what his future would be, he was baptized 
 by Magister Eiidel, a sub-diaconus of the Nicolai 
 Church ; and those who were present, according to 
 the church records, were as follows : " his father, 
 Johann Gottfried Dolitzsch, second-hand dealer ; his 
 mother, Johanna Eosina Miiller: the godparents were, 
 Friedrich August Schlegel, journeyman stocking- 
 maker ; Alaria Sophia, an aunt or cousin from his 
 mother's native place in Schkeuditz, daughter of a 
 
4 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 deceased shoemaker; and Franz Julius Hirsch, second- 
 hand dealer," after whom he seems to have been 
 named, and who was doubtless the intimate Jewish 
 friend of the family whom he mentions so gratefully 
 in his Autobiography as Hirsch Levy,^ and with 
 whom, as I have learned from a gi-and-nephew " of 
 Hirsch Levy, the family had their home.^ 
 
 They lived for years in the third storey of a 
 rear tenement in Prussian Lane (Preuss. Giisschen), 
 which was then Xo. 24, now No. 11. The front 
 house bears the date of Ao 1711. The tenement 
 consisted of three small rooms, facing on a court 
 about 26 feet by 12. 
 
 If our supposition be correct with reference to the 
 one last named in the record of this baptism, Jew ^ 
 as well as Christian was represented. 
 
 Certainly no Christian godfather could have been 
 more mindful of his obligation, nor more beloved by 
 his godchild,^^ than was Hirsch Levy, who, late in 
 life, at the age of seventy-eight, two years before his 
 death, publicly acknowledged the Messiah whom he 
 had long recognised in secret, and was baptized as 
 Theodor Hirsch. Some may be inclined to question 
 whetlier it would be possible for a Jew under any 
 circumstances to be a godfather at a baptism in a 
 Lutheran church. Doubtless such a case could 
 hardly occur now ; but at a time when Leipzig was 
 thoroughly poisoned by Rationalism, as at the begin- 
 ning of the present century, we may well believe 
 that baptisms were performed in a rather perfunctory 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH S LIFE. 5 
 
 way. The parish was very large, including several 
 thousand people. It is very unlikely that the sub- 
 diaconus could know more than was indicated on the 
 slip of paper ^^ which contained good Christian names. 
 Or, if he happened to know " the second-hand dealer," 
 lie might choose to interpose no barrier to his pre- 
 sence. It must be remembered, too, tliat at this time 
 the Jews, who had no civil rights, were driven to all 
 sorts of subterfuges when they desired to enjoy cer- 
 tain privileges among Christians. It is therefore 
 easily conceivable that Hirsch Levy in his intercourse 
 with Christians, when it seemed necessar}^, assumed 
 the name which we find on the record of baptism, 
 Franz Julius Hirsch, dropping his last name. Levy, 
 as he did many years afterwards at his own baptism ; 
 and this seems the more probable, since after the 
 most careful search the name Franz Julius Hirsch is 
 not to be found in any civil or church list of Leipzig, 
 although on the baptismal record of the child Do- 
 litzsch he is indicated as a resident of the city, and 
 as engaged in the same occupation as that followed 
 by Hirsch Levy. Besides, the name Hirsch Levy had 
 been long on the list of those Jews who, while not 
 citizens, enjoyed the protection of Leipzig, because it 
 was the place of their birth.^^ 
 
 We may well believe that while young Delitzsch 
 was an infant, close observers could see the promise 
 of a remarkable career. His mother told a friend, 
 still living,^^ that as she was standing at the door of 
 her house with her babe on her arm, during those 
 
6 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 days which were so fateful for Xapoleon in connec- 
 tion with the battle of Leipzig, a soldier who was 
 passing stopped, and, putting his hand on the little 
 boy's head, said, " Mamma, mamma, this child will 
 one day be a great man." 
 
 Concerning his boyhood we have very few parti- 
 culars. Although he speaks of his childhood as a 
 hard one, he was nevertheless a merry, exceedingly 
 lively lad, and so zealous in gymnastics, that he 
 dangerously injured one of his eyes.^'* It is not 
 improbable that in the stall, which was kept alter- 
 nately by " Uncle " Hirsch and his mother, and which 
 was much patronised by the university students, he 
 found abundant inspiration, and that here the foun- 
 dation was laid for his literary career. 
 
 He first studied in a boys' school, then in the free 
 city school, of which Plato was director and Dolz 
 vice-director.^^ Here, under these leading spirits, he 
 says that he became a complete Rationalist.^^ In 
 1827 he entered the Nicolai Gymnasium, of which 
 Dr. Xobbe was rector, and continued his studies 
 until his graduation in 1831. He must have won 
 a high rank as a scholar. Professor Dr. G. A. 
 Winter, a librarian of the University of Leipzig, 
 who was a member of one of the lower classes, says 
 it was a current report among his mates that at the 
 final examination Delitzsch spoke Greek fluently 
 with one of the examiners, Professor Grossmann,^" 
 who had a great reputation for scholarly attain- 
 ments. Whether this was an exaggeration or not, 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH S LIFE. Y 
 
 ihe younger students evidently considered him extra- 
 ordinary.^^ At a centennial celebration in connec- 
 tion with the Gymnasium, he was one of the seven 
 pupils appointed to represent the institution. On 
 this occasion he delivered an ode. At his gradua- 
 tion, on the 23rd of September 1831, he presented 
 a farewell poem ; and in the programme which was 
 issued by the rector, and which contains poetical 
 memorials by former pupils, young Delitzsch receives 
 special recognition, as the following quotation shows :^^ 
 " Instead of giving many other specimens, the follow- 
 ing poems by a pupil just graduating, Franz Jul. 
 Delitzsch, are inserted, in w^hich he gives a proof of 
 the old experience that classical culture, in pro- 
 portion to its thoroughness, is of advantage in the 
 cultivation of our own tongue. He has happily 
 combined modern classic authors with ancient, and 
 has chosen Holty as a model of the former." While 
 previous graduates who secure recognition have one 
 poem each in the programme, Delitzsch has five.-*^ 
 We give some of the stanzas of the last poem without 
 translation. Those who are acquainted with German 
 will notice the significance of the final stanza. 
 
 DER M0ND.21 
 
 Wenn das Spatroth hingesunken, 
 Und der stille Abendstern, 
 Immer goldner, wie ein Funken, 
 Strahlt aus diisterblauer Fern' 
 Sieht es silbern durch den Wald 
 Und mit tausend kleinen Sternen 
 1st das Gezweise darin bemalt. 
 
FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 Dank ihm, der mit mildem Glanzen 
 
 Dich, Luna, dort erhoht. 
 
 Der die Welt in Reigentanzen 
 
 Uni die grosse Axe dreht ; 
 
 Der sich Diademe flicht, 
 
 Alls des Blitzes goldnen Strahlen 
 
 Und ans des Abends Rosenliclit. 
 
 Ihr, der nimmer dich veralten 
 Und so nah uns glanzen lasst, 
 Dass du uns von seinem Walten 
 Wunderhold erziihltest ; 
 Hast auch jiingst in voller Pracht 
 Traut vom Ewigen gesprochen, 
 In des Johannes heilger Nacht. 
 
 gleich deinem Untergange 
 
 Doch dereinst mein Sangertod ! 
 
 Sanft erbleicht dir Aug' und Wange 
 
 Vor der Sonne Morgenroth. 
 
 Heil, wenn mir am Sterbetage 
 
 Vor der Auferstehungsonne 
 
 Sanft, so wie dir, das Auge brach ! 
 
 According to the last page of the programme 
 which I have mentioned, young Delitzsch was one 
 of those who were proposing to study theology. 
 Speaking of that time, however, he says that he 
 felt himself drawn to God, but that the person of 
 Jesus Christ was veiled in utter darkness. He went 
 to the university in the Winter Semester of 1831- 
 32 to study philosophy and philology. While seek- 
 ing for truth he became absorbed in the systems of 
 the great German philosophers, and was especially 
 attracted by the idealism of Fichte.^^ 
 
 But at length a great change came over him. A 
 gifted, pious fellow-student, named Schlitz,-^ who was 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCHS LIFE. \) 
 
 p.n intimate friend, had long laboured for his con- 
 version. One day as he was near the old Grimma 
 gate he became a new creature in Christ. 
 
 As Zockler relates : -•* Under the guidance of this 
 friend his spiritual life was deepened by the study 
 of the older devotional literature of the Lutheran 
 Church by such mystical works as Arndt's Wahren 
 Chrisfcntum and Pdeger's Herzpostille. Among other 
 works he mentions particularly one of a pietistic 
 character by Xedderesn, Empfindungen mid Erfahr- 
 ungcn im Christentum, of which he said that " it 
 never ceased to be his dearest vade 7necum." Be- 
 sides, he mentions the benefit which he received 
 from the writings of two Austrian Eoman Catholics, 
 from the religious philosopher Anton Glinther, and 
 his pupil Pabst. He was especially and permanently 
 influenced by studying the works of Jacob Bohme. 
 
 While his new Christian experience made a com- 
 plete revolution in his life, the catalogue of the 
 university does not indicate that he ever changed 
 from the department of philology to that of theology, 
 but it is said that he read theology privately with 
 men of like mind.-^ There can be no doubt that 
 from this time on Franz Delitzsch was a changed 
 man. He brought forth the fruits of the Spirit. 
 He was kind and tender - hearted ; and while he 
 could be just as a critic, he never returned railing 
 for railing, although he had ample opportunity to 
 do so in the Review of which he was editor-in-chief.'^^ 
 Christian love was certainly the ruling passion of his 
 
10 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 life. In the society of kindred spirits, who subse- 
 quently became eminent as leaders of the Sacramental 
 Host, among whom was Ferdinand Walther, after- 
 wards of the Missouri Synod, he passed the last three 
 years of his university course (1832-34), which he 
 says were the most beautiful of his life.-'' He was 
 a leader of a little circle which met weekly for 
 mutual edification from 1835 to 1842. Out of these 
 little meetings grew his Communion Book^^ which 
 passed through seven editions, and was richly blessed, 
 so that Professor Luthardt remarked at his funeral, 
 that perhaps he had more joy in the knowledge that 
 this book had been a blessing to many souls than 
 in the fame which had come from all his learned 
 works.-^ 
 
 In the year 1835, on the 3rd of March, when he 
 was still in his twenty-second year, he became doctor 
 of philosophy. The dissertation does not seem to be 
 in existence, although in his Vita, which has been 
 preserved, we have some account of his studies.^^ 
 
 During the following year a sore trial came in the 
 death of his father, who had the reputation, among 
 those who knew liim, of having been a dissipated 
 man. Delitzsch simply tells us that he died in his 
 arms on the night of the 4th of April 1836, at the 
 age of fifty-four. From other sources it is reported 
 that he was entirely out of sympathy with the life 
 and aims of his son, whose presence even was not 
 agreeable to him, so that young Delitzsch was often 
 compelled to withdraw to his own room. After his 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 11 
 
 decease his son mourned exceedingly for a long time, 
 because he feared his father had died without hope ; 
 but he was finally comforted by a dream in which he 
 appeared to him, and told him that his prayers in his 
 behalf had been answered. ^^ 
 
 He had already chosen the Old Testament depart- 
 ment. He laid a foundation in Hebrew at the Nicolai 
 Gymnasium,^"^ and began his study of Eabbinical 
 Hebrew with the Jewish missionary Becker,^^ wlio 
 was in the habit of attending the fairs at Leipzig, 
 where many Jews were wont to congregate. 
 
 In after years he never allowed an opportunity to 
 pass to perfect himself in the knowledge of Eabin- 
 nical Hebrew and of the cognate languages. His 
 thirst for knowledge was extraordinary. He was 
 first a pupil and then an intimate friend of the 
 famous Arabic scholar, Professor Fleischer, until the 
 death of the latter in 1888. Yon Orelli relates 
 that after Delitzsch returned from Erlangen to 
 Leipzig, when he was fifty-four years of age, he 
 attended Fleischer's Society with the students. He 
 told Professor Gregory that he also took Arabic 
 lessons of the American missionary, Dr. Eli Smith, 
 and said that he owed more to him in that language 
 than to any one else. He was for years on intimate 
 terms with the Jewish missionary, Dr. J. E. J. 
 Biesenthal, with Dr. Baer, and many others. Like 
 the busy bee, he gathered honey from every flower, 
 and stored it away in his hive. 
 
 Young Delitzsch spent seven years in quiet study. 
 
12 Fl^ANZ DELITZSCII. 
 
 until in 1842 he became a licentiate of theology 
 and a privat-docenf, with the privilege of lecturing in 
 the university. 
 
 In the catalogue of the University of Leipzig for 
 the Summer Semester, M[agister] F. Delitzsch, theo- 
 logical licentiate, is advertised to give an exposition 
 of the prophecies of Isaiah.^* In 183-4 he was 
 made a professor extraordinarius. jMeanwhile, he 
 was called as a regular professor to Konigsberg ; but 
 he declined, because he was a strict Lutheran, and 
 Konigsberg combined the Lutheran and Eeformed 
 Confessions in what is known as the Union. 
 
 In 1846 he was called to the University of 
 Eostock. Meanwhile, on the 27th of April 1845, 
 he had married Miss Clara Silber, the only daughter 
 of a wealthy family whose three brothers, one 
 after another, had died of consumption. Pro- 
 fessor Delitzsch's first famulus, Bernhard Caspari, 
 is authority for the statement that Miss Silber found 
 her future husband by the bedside of her brothers, 
 to whom the young professor was much attached, 
 and whom he visited in a pastoral way. He himself 
 says that he became acquainted with her through 
 the religious meetings of which he was leader. jSTot 
 only her brothers, but also her mother, were con- 
 verted through his instrumentality. 
 
 For information concerning his activity at Eos- 
 tock, I am indebted to Professor Eduard Konig. While 
 there he was still engaged in laying broad foundations. 
 When we remember that it was his habit from one 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 13 
 
 end of the year to the other to rise at five o'clock, 
 and tliat he regarded the ordinary vacation as a 
 waste of time, and that work was his meat and 
 drink, we can understand that those were fruitful 
 years, and are not surprised at the variety offered in 
 his courses of lectures, including elements of Syriac, 
 Arabic, Samaritan, and Persian.^-'' 
 
 Nor was his activity confined to the preparation of 
 learned lectures and the pursuit of Semitic studies. 
 He had a part in founding a Home for the rescue of 
 abandoned children. Professor Konig writes that a 
 series of documents which he wrote as secretary still 
 give testimony to the zeal which he developed in 
 this branch of service. 
 
 In 1850 he was called to Erlangen, where he 
 laboured seventeen years, with kindred spirits like 
 Hofmann, Thomasius, and others, in happy and useful 
 activity. Here, as in Leipzig, he made himself felt 
 in Christian work. He was accustomed to gather 
 the children together every Sunday evening during 
 several years for a children's service. These meet- 
 ings were attended by the parents of the children, 
 as well as by university students. 
 
 On the 7th of December 1857 his beloved mother 
 died in his arms in the seventy-fifth year of her age. 
 At the death of his father, as he was still a student, 
 he was not able to support her. She therefore 
 engaged as before in the sale of second-hand books 
 jointly with the old family friend Hirsch Levy, in 
 a stall at Xo. 2 Neumarkt Strasse, on the west side 
 
14 FKANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 of the street, at the corner of Grimmasche. This 
 business she continued after the death of his foster- 
 father. Many a university student raised his hands 
 in surprise when, on inquiring the price of some 
 book by Professor Delitzsch, he learned that the 
 famous professor was her son. This condition of 
 things, as he says in his Autobiography, pained him 
 exceedingly, but all entreaties were in vain. He 
 was seen at different times, on his visits to Leipzig, 
 tenderly to embrace her on the street, and was heard 
 to call her his dear, good mother, and to beg her in 
 the most moving way to go with him. While she pre- 
 ferred to be independent, he joyfully contributed to 
 her support. He gives her the testimonial that she 
 was respected and beloved by all who knew her ; and 
 in this all the old citizens heartily join. He writes, 
 " She was a faithful cross-bearer, to whom the words 
 Luke vii. 47 may well be applied." He said, "She 
 liad little pleasure in this world, and was glad to go 
 home." Her grave is in the old Johannis Church- 
 yard in Leipzig. ^^ 
 
 For seventeen years Professor Delitzsch continued 
 at Erlangen. He seemed to have become rooted to 
 the place. He had become endeared to all at the 
 university, which he had helped to raise to a high 
 tide of popularity, and which was drawing students 
 from various foreign lands, including Greeks, Scots- 
 men, and Americans. It did not seem likely, as he had 
 declined several calls to other places, that he would ever 
 leave this field where lie had become so renowned. 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 15 
 
 But Professor Luthardt, who was then Dean of 
 the Theological Faculty at Leipzig, had determined 
 to make an effort to secure Delitzsch. Kahnis 
 heartily approved of the plan, but was faint-hearted. 
 There were two serious difhculties in the way of 
 obtaining him. The Faculty at Erlangen were 
 determined to keep him ; the Theological Faculty at 
 Leipzig, with the exceptions already mentioned, w^ere 
 either indifferent or, because they regarded him as 
 too strongly Lutheran, opposed to his coming. The 
 well-known Old Testament critic, Tuch, who was in 
 declining health, said, if he came at all, he should 
 come over his corpse. But Luthardt, with the aid 
 of Kahnis in the Faculty, and with Tischendorf using 
 all his influence with Von Falkenstein, the Saxon 
 Minister of Worship, carried his point. 
 
 The Theological Faculty of Erlaugan were exceed- 
 ingly sore over the matter, and never really forgave 
 Luthardt for robbing them of their brightest jewel. 
 Luthardt, however, had told them that if they lost 
 Delitzsch, they could get an Evangelical man to fill 
 his place ; but if he failed to win him for Leipzig, 
 it would be impossible to get a man in sympathy 
 with himself and Kahnis to take the chair made 
 vacant by Anger's death, that is, Delitzsch's fame as 
 a scholar and writer would secure a place for him at 
 the University of Leipzig which would not be open 
 to a man with the same religious opinions but less 
 distinguished. It was a proud day for Luthardt 
 and Kahnis when he came. These three, who were 
 
16 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 then in their prime, formed an incomparably attract- 
 ive centre for theological study. 
 
 But in the midst of great successes he had great 
 sorrows. He was compelled, after the close of the 
 1^'ranco-Prussian war, January I7th, 1872, to part 
 with his second son, who had served as assistant- 
 surgeon, but who was not able, through his untimely 
 death, to become a member of the Medical Faculty at 
 the University of Leipzig, as he proposed. 
 
 Although he had the joy of seeing his first son, 
 Johannes, who gave great promise as a theologian, 
 become a 'professor cxtraordinariiis in the university, 
 and the husband of the beautiful and accomplished 
 Johanna, daughter of Dr. Baur, his joy was soon 
 turned into profound grief by the decline and death 
 of this son at Eapallo in Italy, February 3rd, 1876. 
 I shall never forget the pathos with which he read 
 for me, when we first met after this sad event, 
 David's lamentation over Saul and Jonathan. 
 
 But he gathered strength and hope, and had 
 comfort in his son Hermann, who is in a banking 
 house, and in his youngest son, Friedrich, born Sep- 
 tember 3rd, 1850, who had become famous for his 
 contributions to the department of Assyriology. He 
 was cheered on his seventieth birthday by many 
 congratulations and good wishes which were sent 
 him, not a few of which came from foreign lands. 
 He wrote, " And they sounded so sweetly in my 
 ear ; as sweetly as the cradle hymn sung to the child 
 when it is rocked to sleep." He carried on his work 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 17 
 
 with freshness and vigour after he reached the age 
 of seventy ; and it seemed as if he might be spared 
 as long as his colleagues Fleischer^'' and Drobisch.^^ 
 
 He had always been a lover of flowers. Tljey 
 spoke to liim the language of Heaven and of God's 
 love.^'-^ He delighted in their beauty and their per- 
 fume. He was rarely seen in his study, on the 
 street, or in the lecture - room without a rose, a 
 bouquet, or, at least, a little nosegay. The students 
 often laid flowers on liis desk. 
 
 As he went to Holland to make a special study 
 of the yellow hyacinth, he forgot that he was over 
 seventy-five yeais old, and indulged in a bath in the 
 North Sea, which, although he afterwards somewhat 
 recovered his strength, was the remote occasion of 
 his death. He was able to lecture the last half of 
 the Winter Semester 1888-89 and during the 
 summer of 1889, but at the close of the year's work, 
 in connection with the visit to the baths at Ilmenau 
 in Thuringia, which it was hoped would tone up his 
 system for the work of the following year, he was 
 attacked with a paralysis of the lower limbs, which 
 was so serious that he was carried in a chair to the 
 train, and from the train to his bed in his own home, 
 from w^hich he was destined never to rise. 
 
 Here, humbly awaiting God's will, he was tenderly 
 nursed by his devoted wife, who was constantly by 
 him. In the full possession of his intellectual 
 faculties, bolstered up in bed, he was still able 
 through the aid of Pastor Wilhelm Faber, whom he 
 
18 FRANZ DELITZSCII. 
 
 loved like an own son, to follow the doings of the 
 Institutum Judaicum and the publication of the 
 Messianic Prophecies ; and through Lie. Theol. Dr. 
 Dalman, upon whom the choice had fallen to issue 
 the eleventh edition of his Hebrew New Testament, 
 he was enabled to make some contributions to that 
 which he desired should be a permanent form of 
 the text. When he could not work he was cheered 
 by the singing of a canary and the presence of a 
 pet dog which lay on his bed. 
 
 His friends remembered him daily with flowers, 
 the reception of which he was glad to acknowledge 
 when he could.**^ On his birthday, February 23rd, 
 so many were sent that his room was almost trans- 
 formed into a flower-garden. His entire family were 
 gathered around him, including children and grand- 
 children.^^ 
 
 He gradually failed, until the morning of the 4th 
 of March, the anniversary of his baptism, when the 
 end came. At the usual morning devotions, when 
 his sons were present, as he was unable to read, his 
 wife read for him, with sobs, a passage concerning 
 the resurrection. His lips moved in an inaudible 
 prayer, and finally he said, " I am weary, and will 
 go to sleep." ^'^ These were his last words. Turning 
 his face, he sweetly fell asleep in Jesus. 
 
 Death was no surprise to him, he had been ready 
 for years. He once wrote a friend, in reply to con- 
 gratulations, something as follows : " I thank you : 
 my attitude of mind is that of waiting for the signal 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 19 
 
 Y.'hich calls me to the eternal morning." At another 
 time he said, " With Christians everything should be 
 consecrated, eating and drinking, sleeping and resting, 
 but you are not to look to me [for a model]. I do 
 not represent it, although I ought to." 
 
 It is the testimony of several sextons that it was 
 often his custom on passing an open church, even on 
 a week-day, to go in for a season of devotion. 
 
 The following prayer, which appeared at the end 
 of an article published by Professor Delitzsch on the 
 incarnation of God,*^ only two months before his 
 death, might well have been his last, just before his 
 spirit left this world : — ** 
 
 " Lord Jesus help us through the Spirit of promise 
 to recognise Thee and Thy Father whose name is in 
 Thee, and in faith to embrace Thee, and to love Thee, 
 although we do not see Thee with the eyes of sense. 
 How else could we return to God in our separation 
 from Him except through Thee ? ' Thou art the way.' 
 How could we be delivered from the pain of doubt, 
 and the instability of human opinion, except as we 
 hold on to the word of God through Thy divine 
 mouth ? ' Thou art the truth.' And how could we 
 joyfully go into death if Thy pierced body were not, 
 as it were, the rent veil of the other world ? ' Thou 
 art the life.' Thou hast overcome death and Hades. 
 Thou hast opened heaven for us. We kiss in spirit 
 the marks of the nails in Thy body pierced for us, 
 and cast ourselves at Thy feet which were fastened 
 to the cross for us, and pray to Thee as the in- 
 
20 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 carnate Love who hast shed Thy blood for us, and 
 cry with Thomas, treading all doubting thoughts 
 beneath our feet, ' My Lord and my God.' " 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1 He was born in Wendisch Luppa, June 21st, 1756, 
 and was baptized the next day with the name Gott- 
 fried. As the name Johann does not appear in the 
 regjister, he must have assumed it afterwards. 
 
 '2 Saat auf Hoffnung, 1885, p. 86. 
 
 ^ Johann Gottfried Dolitzsch was born April 19th, 
 1783, in Leisnig (not Leipzig), and was baptized on 
 the 21st of the same month. 
 
 * I have a certified copy of the marriage certificate, 
 and have also carefully examined the original. 
 
 ^ Johann George Eosenmllller (born December 18th, 
 1736 ; died March 14th, 1815) was then superintend- 
 ent and pastor of the Thomas Church, and was also 
 professor of theology. He is not to be confounded 
 with his son, Ernst Carl Friedrich Eosenmllller (born 
 December 10th, 1768; died September 17th, 1835), 
 under whom Professor Delitzsch afterwards studied. 
 
 6 See Delitzsch's Vita and Autobiography in the 
 Appendix. 
 
 '' M. Gustav Meyer, a gentleman who knew Pro- 
 fessor Delitzsch intimately for years, and who remem- 
 bers his granduncle well, whose real name was Hirsch. 
 He was called indifferently Hirsch Levy or Levy 
 Hirsch, although in the old directory of the city his 
 name appears as Hirsch Levy. 
 
 s The following is a description of the tenement in 
 which the family lived. The first room after reaching 
 the landing was ^ X 6J feet; the next, the family 
 room, which was 10 J X li| feet; and opening out of 
 this was a dark chamber 12^ X 13 feet. 
 
 ^ M. Meyer has no doubt, from his knowledge of 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 21 
 
 his granduncle's relation to his family, that he was 
 present at the baptism. 
 
 1*^ Young Delitzsch, according to M. Meyer, was 
 accustomed to call Mm " Uncle Hirsch." 
 
 ^^ The original slip of paper from which the record 
 was entered into the church-book is still in existence, 
 and, as is customary, is kept on file. It, too, has been 
 carefully examined in connection with the preparation 
 of this sketch. The names of the godparents are 
 wTitten in pencil. 
 
 1^ According to the records of the city, Hirsch 
 Levy was born in Leipzig 1776. He was known as 
 a " Schutz-Jude." He dealt in second-hand books, as 
 has been stated. He died May 24th, 1845, and was 
 buried in the old Johannis churchyard. On his tomb- 
 stone, which has disappeared, stood this inscription : 
 " Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace, 
 for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation." In the notice 
 of his death in the Leijpziger TageUatt, Leipzig, May 
 1845, No. 152, p. 1566, he is erroneously called a 
 citizen ; but the description given of Theodor Hirsch 
 corresponds entirely with that of Hirsch Levy, who 
 disappeared with the appearance of Theodor Hirsch. 
 
 1^ Amanuensis C. F. A. Eothe of the University 
 Library. 
 
 1* See von Orelli's article in Der Kirclicnfreund, 
 Basel 1890, p. 98. 
 
 1^ This school is not to be confounded with the 
 Xicolai Gymnasium, as has been done by some writers. 
 
 16 Saat cmf Hoffnung, Leipzig 1890, p. 148. It is 
 an error when Prof. Dr. A. Kohler, in the Neue Kirch- 
 liche Zeitschrift, Leipzig 1890, p. 235, speaks of Plato 
 as director, and of Dolz as vice-director, of the Xicolai 
 Schule. 
 
 1^ Superintendent, professor of theology, and pastor 
 of the Thomas Church (born November 9th, 1783 ; 
 died June 29th, 1857). 
 
 1^ His marks, as furnished by the kindness of 
 Prof. Dr. Adelbert Gebhardt of the Xicolai Gym- 
 
22 FRANZ DELITZSCIL 
 
 nasium, indicate that at first his standing was not 
 high. Young Delitzsch entered the third class in the 
 Gymnasium, and ranked twenty-sixth among thirty- 
 three class-mates. The rector has left on record the 
 following remark : " That information concerning him 
 is still too indefinite to form a judgment, but that he 
 is certainly promising." In 1828 he was the twenty- 
 second in the second class, numbering twenty-eight. 
 In 1829 he was the twelfth. During the first part of 
 1830 he was the twentieth in the first class, and in 
 the last half of the same year the fourteenth. In 
 1831, when he graduated, there were none that had a 
 higher rank than himself, except one that was better 
 in Hebrew. In conduct he was not quite perfect. In 
 Hebrew and mathematics liis marks were 2 = good, 
 in the other branches 1 = very good. 
 ^^ See Programm, etc., p. 38, 
 
 20 The titles are as follows : 1. " Als mein Finke 
 gestorben war im Marz." 2. " Ad aviculas." 3. " Hoel- 
 teii mortem praesagientis carmen Latine redditum." 
 4 "Insomnum." 5. ''DerMond." 
 
 21 Programm, p. 40. 
 
 22 Panegyrici magistri, Lips. 1826-50 : " Quam in 
 Academiam discessisset Eichteri scholis ad philo- 
 sophiam excitatus, Fichtii idealismus amplexus est." 
 
 2^ Zockler says, in the Dalieim, vol. xxvi. p. 436, 
 that this Schlitz, who became a teacher, is neither to 
 be confounded with the philologist Christian Gott- 
 fried Schutz, nor with his son, Carl Julius Schlitz. 
 
 2* " Zur Errinerung an Franz Delitzsch," in the 
 Daheim, vol. xxvi. pp. 436-438. 
 
 2^ Kohler, in his article on "Franz Delitzsch," 
 Neue Kirchliclic Zeitschrift, Erlangen und Leipzig, 
 1890, p. 236, says : " Vor alien auf die Forderung und 
 Vertiefung seines inneren Lebens bedacht, trat er in 
 einer Kreis gleichgesinnter Kommilitonen ein, darun- 
 ter der nachmalige Fuhrer der lutherischen Synode 
 von Missouri Ferd. Walther, ferner Burger, Brohm, 
 Lober, Ftirbringer Geier, Schiefedecker u. a,, welche 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCHS LIFE. 23 
 
 spater ebenfalls Pastoren in der lutberisclien Kirche 
 Xordamerikas wurden. Mit ihnen studierte er die Ii. 
 Schrift, die dogmatischen und asketischen Schrifteii 
 der lutherischen Kirche, und versenkte sich so immer 
 tiefer in ihre Anschaungen und ihr Bekenntniss." 
 
 2^ He was editor in chief of the Zeitschrift filr die 
 gesammte hUherische Theologie unci Kirche, 1863-1878, 
 and was associated and had a part in the book reviews 
 from 1843. 
 
 -" Since writing the above I have received von 
 Orelli's article on Dr. Franz Delitzsch in Der Kirchen- 
 freu7ul, Basel 1890, pp. 97, 98 : "Was mir der theurer 
 Lehrer vor 23 Jahren unter sein Bild geschrieben hat : 
 ' die Liebe hort nimmer auf, so doch die Weissagungen 
 aufhoren werden und die Sprachen aufhoren werden 
 und die "VVissenschaft aufhoren wird ' — das steht mit 
 Fug und Ptecht unter seinem Bildniss." Kohler says 
 of him : " Sein ganzer Sinn war auf Helfen, Heilen, 
 Fordern gerichtet." 
 
 -^ Saat auf Hojfnung, Leipzig 1890, p. 150. 
 
 29 lUd. p. 141. 
 
 ^^ See his Vita. It is interesting to know tliat Fiirst 
 is reported finally to have said to Delitzsch : " I cannot 
 teach you anything more ; you know as much as I do." 
 
 ^^ Tliis was reported to Amanuensis C. F. A. Piothe 
 of the University Library by Delitzsch's mother. 
 
 ^■^ As Dr. W. H. Ward of The Independent sug- 
 gests : we might be inclined to suppose that Delitzsch 
 first learned Hebrew from his Jewish friend ; and this 
 is possible, although he mentions the Mcolai Gym- 
 nasium as the place where he acquired the rudiments. 
 
 ^'^ The first treatise which he read in Eabbinical 
 Hebrew was Or leeth ereh, " Light at Evening." 
 
 ^^ His courses of lectures at Leipzig before he re- 
 moved to Eostock were as follows : Sunmier semester, 
 1842. Isaiah, four times a week : Winter semester, 
 1842-43, Psalms, four times ; grammatical interpreta- 
 tion of Habakkuk, once : Summer, 1843, Psahns, twice ; 
 Zephaniah, with grammar, once : Winter semester, 
 
24 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 1843-44, Genesis, four times : Summer semester, 1844, 
 Hebrew grammar, based on Zephaniah, twice : AVinter 
 semester, 1844-45, Psalms, twice ; Leiden s- und Aufer- 
 stehungs - Geschichte Jesu, twice : Summer, 1845, 
 Nahum, once ; Philosophic der Offenbarung oder 
 Gruudlinien der speculativen Dogmatik, twice : Winter 
 semester, 1845-46, Erklarungen, der Psalmen, von 
 Ps. xlii. an mit vorausgeshickten Prolegomena in den 
 Psalter, three times ; Disputatorium zur Besprechung 
 kirchlicher Zeitfragen, twice. 
 
 ^^ He began in the Old Testament department 
 with Genesis and Zephaniah: then followed through 
 the rest of his activity at Eostock, Messianic Psalms ; 
 first part of Isaiah ; second part, five hours a week 
 (later four hours) ; Job, five times ; introduction to 
 the Old Testament, four times, extending through two 
 semesters ; Psalms of Asaph and Korah ; selected 
 passages from Jeremiah and Ezekiel ; history of the 
 prophets and of the prophetic WTitings, six times ; 
 Song of Songs, twice. During every semester he 
 lectured on the Xew Testament five times a week — 
 Hebrews, Romans, Matthew, John, Galatians, and 
 James. He also lectured on the Oriental languages 
 as indicated above, and, one semester, " de notionis 
 organici et organismorum usu theologico." Moreover, 
 he conducted every semester exegetical exercises. 
 
 ^^ The following is a translation of the inscription 
 on the headstone : " Under this grave-stone rests in 
 God Frau Johanna Rosina Delitzsch, died on the 7th 
 of December 1857 : Luke vii. 47, Eev. vii. 17." At 
 her funeral her son requested that only passages of 
 Scripture should be read. 
 
 ^^ Fleischer, the celebrated Arabic scholar, died 
 1888, at the age of eighty- seven, and retained his 
 mental vigour and power to teach almost to the last. 
 
 ^^ Drobisch was born 1802, is still livino-, althouoh 
 he does not lecture any longer. 
 
 ^^ He once said he smelt the love of God in tlie 
 flowers ; and more beautifully still he remarks in the 
 
SKETCH OF DELITZSCH'S LIFE. 25 
 
 preface of his Iris: "Mit dem Blumen stand ich 
 stehts aul' vertraiitem Fusse, sie erzahlten mir himm- 
 lischen Dioge in ilirem Dufte fiihle ich die Kiihe iind 
 den Odem cles Schopfers." 
 
 ■*^ The follo^ying is a copy of a postal card sent to 
 Prof. Dr. Gregory in acknowledgment of a " Christ 
 rose." It was written in a strange hand, but signed 
 by himself: — 
 
 " Leipzig d., 2^tcn Dec. 1889. 
 
 " Yerehrter, geliebter College und Freund : Was fiir 
 ein Prachtsttick der Treibhaus Flora haben Sie ausge- 
 sphat um es als symbolischen Fest-gruss zuzusenden. 
 Haben Sie Dank fiir diesen neiien Beweis Ihrer treuer 
 Freundschaft. Ich begriisse wie auch meine Frau 
 Ihre Fran Gemahlin herzlichst. 
 
 Freundschaftlich, 
 
 Ihr 
 mich leidlich befindender Delitzsch." 
 
 ^^ I am indebted for these particulars to Lie. Theol. 
 Dr. Dalman. 
 
 *2 Compare with this end of life the wish expressed 
 in the last stanza of his poem, entitled, Der Mond, 
 p. 8. 
 
 The following lines are taken from the album of a 
 friend. They bear the date of April 7th, 1846 : — 
 
 "Thrice blessed is the soul, to whom 
 Jesus has come with His salvation, 
 Christ Avith His anointing, 
 The Son of God with His glory. 
 
 In remembrance of your friend 
 In the one faith, which 
 Is the source of all comfort 
 and of all joy. 
 
 Fr. Delitzsch, 
 ord. Prof, and Dr. of Theol. at Eostock." 
 
 ^^ Die McnscMverdung Gottes, Saat auf Hoffnung, 
 Leipzig 1890, pp. 4-13. 
 *4 lUd. pp. 12, 13. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE LAST FAREWKLL. 
 
 ** 111 meines Herzeiis Grumle 
 Dein IS'ain' iind Kreuz alleiii 
 Funkelt all Zeit iiiid Stiinde ; 
 Drauf kann icli frolich sein." 
 
 npHE funeral was held in the Pauliner Kirche, or 
 -*- the University Church, of Leipzig, Saturday, 
 March 8th, at two o'clock p.:\l It was literally 
 attended by Jews and Greeks, as well as by the 
 ordinary Christian audience. After a voluntary on 
 the organ -and a funeral hymn by the University 
 Choral Society, a hymn was sung by the congrega- 
 tion, which had been selected by the deceased : — 
 
 Valet will ich dir gebeu 
 Dii arge, falsclie "Welt ; 
 Dein siindlich l)oses Leben 
 Durcliaus mir nicht gefallt. 
 Ini Himniel ist gut wohiien, 
 Hiiiauf steht mein Begier ; 
 Da wird Gott lierrlich lolinen 
 Dera, der ilim dient allhier. 
 
 Rat mir nach dein em Herzen, 
 Jesu, Gottes Solin ! 
 Soil ich ja dulden Sclimerzen, 
 Hilf mir, Herr Christ, davou ; 
 
THE LAST FAREWELL. 27 
 
 Verkilrz mir alles Leiden, 
 Stark rneineu bloden Mut ; 
 Lass selig mich abscheideii, 
 Setz micli in dein Erbgut ! 
 
 In meines Heizens Grunde 
 Dein Nam' und Kreuz allein 
 Funkelt all Zeit und Stunde ; 
 Drauf kann ich frolicli sein. 
 Erschien mir in dem Bilde 
 Znni Trost m meiner Il^ot, 
 Wie du dicli, Herr so milde 
 Geblutet liast zii Tod ! 
 
 The addresses which follow were delivered by 
 his pastor and confessor, Eev. F. G. Tranzschel, by 
 Professor Luthardt in behalf of the Theological 
 Faculty, and by Count Eckstadt in behalf of the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Central Society for Missions 
 among Israel. 
 
 Address by the Eev. F. G. Tranzschel, Pastor of 
 THE Johannis Kirch e in Leipzig, 
 
 " There rernaineth therefore a rest to the peoj)le of God." Amen. 
 
 Beloved mourners : dear sympathising Church, — In 
 this fatal winter — now, too, this sacrifice ! — one of 
 the most painful which the Church militant yields to 
 the Church triumphant. Many shining names have 
 paled in the last moons in the heaven of the Church 
 — genuine standard-bearers of the banner of the 
 cross of our Lord Jesus Christ in a time of great 
 world commotions. A feeling: of loneliness must 
 take possession of an army engaged in conflict 
 when one leader after another falls. Now, too, this 
 
28 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 star has set. Beaming in the first magnitude, and 
 yet twinkling so mildly, he has shone over almost 
 half a hemisphere, not only in the academic circle 
 as an ornament of German learning, but also in the 
 Church ; not only in the Lutheran Church of the 
 German nation, but far beyond the sea, even to 
 England and America. The most prominent theo- 
 logians of the various Churches of Great Britain 
 have been among his most enthusiastic pupils and 
 admirers. Indeed, not only in the Christian, but 
 also in the Jewish world the name of Delitzsch has 
 shone. For he was at home in the literature of the 
 Eabbis as none other among the living, and perhaps 
 as none before him. We may well say. The truest 
 friend of Israel is dead.- A great man has fallen in 
 Israel, although he was small of stature. 
 
 If we would speak of the blessing with which the 
 Lord graciously crowned this long life, so rich in 
 activity, we must make use of the words of the 
 Book of Job, which the dear departed one was 
 inclined to consider the greatest book in the Old 
 Testament (xxix. 19 ff.): "My seed sprang up by 
 the water, and the dew remained upon my harvest. 
 My glory was continually renewed in me, and my 
 bow improved in my hand. They listened to me 
 and were silent, and waited for my counsel. When 
 I came to their affairs I was compelled to take the 
 chief seat, and dwelt as a king among his servants, 
 since I comforted the mourners. I was a father of 
 the poor, and rejoiced the heart of the widow." ^ 
 
THE LAST FAEEWELL. 29 
 
 There are thousands who have been secretly aided 
 by him with rare generosity. His pupils also are to 
 be reckoned by thousands, who have fed upon his 
 mental gifts, who all bless the memory of this 
 righteous one. With a broad sweep this sower of 
 the Church has cast noble seed. That which he 
 sowed was not merely " Sown in hope." - Many an 
 acre planted by him he has seen become green, 
 although in after years. Even he himself has 
 already been permitted to reap where he had sown. 
 But now, in a good old age, he has come to the 
 grave like a shock of corn fully ripe. 
 
 Beloved mourners in the Lord, — Before I alluded 
 to your affliction I spoke of the affliction of the 
 Church. Were you not always accustomed [to find] 
 in the case of the dear departed, that he belonged 
 more to his w^ork, to science, to the Church of his 
 Lord and Saviour, than to his home ? Above all, 
 thou mourning widow, I know how many sacrifices 
 of thy lonely hours are connected with the richly 
 blessed w^ork of the tireless professor ! How many 
 hours which were due thee from him hast thou 
 spared him that the rich treasures of his knowledge 
 might not remain ungathered ! Those are women's 
 sacrifices w^hich are offered in secret, rewarded by 
 the Lord alone, — sacrifices of unselfishness, full of 
 understanding for the high calling and the rare 
 gifts of the husband, such as only noble women's 
 hearts are able to bring. But was not your living 
 together for more than forty-five years all the more 
 
30 FIIANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 genuine, pure, and happy because it rested on such 
 uncommon virtues ? How thankful he always felt 
 in thy debt — loving debtor ! Even on his death- 
 bed thy care was still most welcome to him. And 
 how happy as a child, forgetful of his work, he 
 could be, when he had once laid down his pen for 
 days or weeks, and when you together could enjoy 
 the times of recreation in the mountain, or on the 
 sea, or on the beautiful Ehine. He, the man of the 
 Old Testament, who often spoke in the language of 
 the Old Testament, to whom it was a pleasure to 
 put the present even in relation to the Old Testa- 
 ment, was nevertheless the man of the most manifold 
 interests. Whatever was important in the domain 
 of literature did not remain unknown to him. 
 Whatever w^as " lovely, or sounded well, whether it 
 was a virtue, whether it was a praise, he meditated 
 upon it." He, a friend of flowers, like few, had 
 beheld the lily of the field, as if he would follow 
 the command of the Lord in the widest sense, not 
 only with the eyes of the gardener who plants it, 
 not only with the eyes of the child who plucks it, 
 not only with the eyes of the naturalist who analyses 
 it. No, he had woven a religion and a poetry in his 
 learned understanding, as only a child of God can 
 live in the domain of nature. And the last of all 
 his labours, which he completed on his dying bed in 
 his last days, had reference to the " yellow hyacinth," 
 in order finally to find the golden yellow-flower and 
 its history, with which Luther compared the colour 
 
THE LAST FAEEAVELL. 31 
 
 of the red-yellow hyacinthine precious stone, which 
 may have been shown him by his friend Spalatin in 
 Altenbiirg. T\niile earlier, blue hyacinth was the 
 colour of the precious stone (sapphire), and of the 
 flower (larkspur), Luther puts in place of it yellow, 
 so that ninety-six passages in the Old Testament 
 in the designation of colours must be changed. 
 
 "What a mental inspiration the intercourse with 
 such a rich sj)irit, even in domestic intercourse ! 
 What a happy time, when his household was not 
 yet darkened with the shadow of death, that period 
 of his life at Erlangen, when his house was a social 
 centre for professors and students ! But then he 
 was tested like Job. He saw two sons sink into 
 the grave before him, one Johannes, who was already 
 professor of theology here in Leipzig ; the other, 
 Ernst, shortly before his promotion as a member of 
 the Medical Faculty, after he had served as surgeon 
 on the military staff sixteen months in the war 
 against France 1870. Then came an hour of mourn- 
 ing for the father, when here in Leipzig he appeared 
 before his students in the lecture -room with the 
 sigh : " I am a poor man ! " But God did not suffer 
 him to become poor. The rich gifts of his spirit 
 and heart remained intact. He was permitted to 
 see the rich happiness of both his sons who are still 
 living, and of his nine grandchildren. In all the 
 relations of life in which he was placed, he showed 
 himself the amiable, approachable man of learning, 
 as the many-sided fine theologian, above all as the 
 
32 FRANZ DELITZSCII. 
 
 living Christian by whom the care of his own soul 
 was considered as of the highest importance. It is 
 true that the results of new investigations in the 
 Old Testament department, which was the scientific 
 domain to which he gave special attention, seemed 
 to bring about an overthrow of former views. And 
 although this great departed Old Testament theologian 
 did not remain entirely uninfluenced by the changes 
 which the new period had made in the traditional 
 views, nevertheless lie took his position as champion 
 of the faith of revelation with all the fire of his 
 spirit and with all the splendour of his scientific 
 attainments. He recognised a deep gulf between 
 the old and the new^ theology.^ He saw himself 
 standing among the Old Testament scholars of our 
 day, solitary as a torso, as an old forester in a 
 vacant clearing. 
 
 But to his last breath he remained in his theology 
 a decided Lutheran, although without any narrow- 
 ness. Not as if mere orthodoxy was of the highest 
 importance. He insisted on spiritual life, on personal 
 Christianity, on personal fellowship with the Lord ; 
 not as if he had found in mere scientific work the 
 chief blessing for the kingdom of God. He feared 
 that mere intellectualism without unction would 
 result from the development of theology in our day. 
 And how full of unction was the work of his life ! 
 Even in the most exact scientific argumentation he 
 used a consecrated language, the deepest tones of his 
 believing heart were ever heard. Yea, " when thou 
 
THE LAST FAREWELL. 33 
 
 art converted, strengthen thy brethren." Since that 
 significant turning-point in his life in the third 
 decade of this century, when he was converted from 
 rationalism and entered into sympathy with a little 
 circle of Lutherans, some of whom afterwards settled 
 in America : how much the Evangelical Church of our 
 age is indebted to him for strengthening its life of 
 faith, from the time of his first love, when he was 
 the crystallizing point here in Leipzig by sermons 
 and devotional services for an ecclesiola which many 
 still remember, to that incomputable catalogue of his 
 writings, concerning which he declared that he him- 
 self could not make it complete ! But if he had not 
 left the Church anything else than his Communion 
 Book, with its mystical depth and spirituality, in 
 which he embodied the best of his personality, 
 thousands upon thousands who have taken this book 
 as their guide to the altar would bless him for it. 
 Yea, " strengthen thy brethren." *' Strengthen the 
 things which remain that are ready to die," is the 
 text of this fast-day. That was the chief work of 
 his life, the ideal aim of his spirit to awaken a dead 
 people, to strengthen the dying in Israel. Every 
 one among the Jews who sought, however feebly, to 
 engage in a conflict of faith between life and death, 
 turned to him.* His correspondence alone in this 
 department required almost the full strength of a 
 man. Here, indeed, he had assistance in the Listi- 
 tutum Judaicum, which was called into being by him. 
 
 And the last joy of his life was that he could see 
 
 c 
 
34 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 the first sheet of the revised edition of his Hebrew 
 Testament, — the final edition. After he had seen 
 this sheet he read nothing more. His Hebrew 
 IN'ew Testament was the most effective missionary 
 among the Jews of the East. He was the soul of 
 missions among Israel in all Christendom. 
 
 Can we think that the vacancy made by his death 
 can ever be filled ? God gave him a rare power of 
 work; even at the age of seventy-seven for the greater 
 part of the year he rose before the sun. The dawn 
 found this industrious, youthful old man at his work. 
 He had no other conception of life than that of work. 
 Indeed, he could not conceive of the rest which 
 remaineth for the pe(jple of God above in light, with- 
 out work, without activity for the glory of God, 
 without progress from one splendour to another. 
 As he spoke to me once concerning his end, when he 
 was still in health, he gave expression to the hojje 
 that God would preserve him from a time of weak- 
 ness, when he should be compelled to be inactive. 
 And God granted the suppliant his request. To 
 seventy- seven years of health He added only half a 
 year of sickness. Indeed, even on his sick-bed He 
 gave him strength so that he could prepare writings 
 for the press, little leaves which he jestingly called 
 " white and blue butterflies." He was even able to 
 examine some candidates who sat about his bed. 
 It is true that he had to experience the patience 
 of Job. The conclusion of his life was the time of 
 the Passion. But he endured it humbly and patiently. 
 
THE LAST FAREWELL. 35 
 
 God gave him a little strength, he said to me finally, 
 but God will also be satisfied with this small degree of 
 strength. And from the passage with which I blessed 
 his end he singled out, " There remaineth, therefore, 
 a rest to the people of God." In many a letter by 
 him which I had occasion to read, he wrote at the 
 close, in view of his great age, "You will soon see 
 old Delitzsch no more, but at the throne of the Lamb 
 we shall meet again." Now he is there in green 
 pastures and by fresh waters, whither the longing of 
 his soul was directed. Our Saxon Church celebrates 
 its fast-day by his bier. Kyrie eleison resounds in 
 the conflict of our days. Protect Thy lonely Church, 
 O Lord, Thou Lord of great and small. Let us not 
 be orphans ! Let the sparks and the fire of Thy 
 seven-armed candlestick not be extinguished among 
 us ! From Thee are all gifts. Thy Church is not 
 founded upon men, but stands or falls with Thee 
 alone. Lord Jesus, the Crucified and the Eisen One, 
 Thou Lord of the living and of the dead ! It is 
 well that this is our comfort ! With this comfort 
 we call after the dear departed, our vale. Fare- 
 well, thou fearless confessor of Jesus Christ, thou 
 great master of science, thou splendid teacher and 
 father of the Church, thou good Samaritan to Israel, 
 thou fatherly friend, thou humble child of God. 
 " There remaineth, therefore, a rest to the people 
 of God." We plant thee in the winter field as 
 noble seed of an eternal spring ! " Sown in hope ! " 
 Amen. 
 
36 franz delitzsch. 
 
 Address of the Privy Church Councillor, Pro- 
 fessor Dr. Luthardt, in the Name of the 
 Theological Faculty. 
 
 In behalf of the Theological Faculty, as the senior 
 member of it, and as a friend of our departed 
 colleague for many years, I am to dedicate a word of 
 remembrance here at his bier, and to call after him 
 our last farewell. Blow on blow, loss on loss have 
 befallen our Faculty during the last years, as have 
 scarcely ever befallen a Faculty in such frequency 
 and in so short a time. To Wold, Schmidt, Kahnis, 
 Lechler, and Baur, Franz Delitzsch is now added as 
 the fifth, our ornament and our boast ; for none of 
 us, beyond his own special department, embraced so 
 wide a circuit of manifold learning, and through the 
 splendour of his name carried the reputation of our 
 Faculty so widely beyond the sea as he. 
 
 Here in Leipzig, his home, he began his scientific 
 course at our university, and here he ended it, 
 after he had belonged to Piostock and Erlangen in 
 the intermediate period beyond 1846 and 1867. 
 Awakened in his youth to religious belief, and de- 
 cidedly inclined to the Confession of the Lutheran 
 Church, he undertook all his work in the service of 
 the Church, and in making a religious impression on 
 hearts. It was, perhaps, a greater joy to him that 
 his Communion Book was instrumental in blessing 
 many souls than the fame of his entire literary 
 career. 
 
THE LAST FAREWELL. 37 
 
 In the first period of his scientific activity fell the 
 movement which was opened in the treatment of the 
 Scriptures by Hofmann of Erlangen in his epoch- 
 making work, Prediction and Fidjilment, in the 
 beginning of the fourth decade of this century, whose 
 views many of us who were then young theologians 
 greeted and received as a gospel of freedom. Franz 
 Delitzsch's learning trod the path here indicated in 
 an independent and helpful activity, and thus were 
 produced the rich blossoms and fruits which he 
 yielded in his theological lectures to his pupils, and 
 in a series of scientific works of a systematic and 
 especially of an exegetical sort, to the scientific world 
 as well as to the members of the clergy. 
 
 That movement came to an end through the lively 
 interest which was directed to the critical questions 
 concerning the Old Testament, and which since then 
 has chiefly moved the mind and heart. Working 
 without rest, and keeping himself open to all ques- 
 tions of his department, he did not decline to enter 
 upon these questions of literary and historical criti- 
 cism. In the course of time he gradually modified 
 his earlier position in many ways. But none could 
 be farther than he from finding in the Holy 
 Scriptures only an object of critical or in general 
 of merely scientific investigation. Tliey were always 
 to him the sacred source of Divine revelation, 
 which he approached with pious reverence, and in 
 which he at all times found the nourishment 
 of his soul and a fruitful source of meditation. He 
 
38 FRANZ DELITZSCn. 
 
 always sought to imbue the hearts of his scholars 
 with this feeling. 
 
 Although his industry was so untiring from early 
 morning, and although we must exceedingly admire 
 him, and recognise in him a man of comjDrehensive 
 learning, the thing which should be most emphasised 
 regarding him was his power as a teacher, and his 
 personal relations to his pupils w^hich none, perhaps, 
 had cultivated with more sincere sympathy than he. 
 !N"othing gave him greater pleasure than to know that 
 his pupils w^ere pursuing good courses, and nothing 
 caused him more pain than to see a deviation from 
 the right way, and perhaps an estrangement and 
 coldness on the part of his scholars. He shared with 
 them of his fulness without grudging, and devoted 
 himself with self-sacrifice to their work in the ex- 
 amination and correction of their exercises. He 
 not only served those who were nearest him in a 
 self-sacrificing way, but he also enlarged his circle, 
 and for many years gathered young Englishmen and 
 Americans about him once a week for scientific 
 discussion. 
 
 While such an activity extended itself through 
 the Christian Church, both that which was near and 
 remote, there was connected with it, at the same time, 
 the effort to serve the non- Christian Israel in a 
 missionary way, which went like a scarlet thread 
 through his entire life. He offered the greatest 
 sacrifices of time and strength in this service, and no 
 unpleasant experience could make him err from it. 
 
THE LAST FAEEWELL. 39 
 
 He devoted the work of a lifetime to the translation 
 of the New Testament, as well as to its revision and 
 correction. 
 
 And so I could continue to speak for a long time 
 of his rich and tireless work, which did not even end 
 with old age, and which was always seeking to learn, 
 as a model for us all. But if in that which I have 
 hitherto said some things may perhaps be less known 
 to one or the other of his colleagues, nevertheless all 
 knew him who were associated with him as the 
 modest man of learning, and as the most amiable of 
 colleagues, whom none could dislike, and with whom 
 nobody could be displeased, but whom all must love 
 as the fine-strung man, possessed of tender feelings 
 and genuine sympathies, who found it hard in the 
 business of his office to suffer his personal sympathies 
 to give way to the cold business aspects of the affair; 
 and, not to omit this, not the least as the friend of 
 flowers, who was not often seen without a flower 
 in his hand, upon the street or upon the platform. 
 Flowers and colours were not only the darlings of 
 his heart, but also at the same time the objects of 
 thorough study. This interest for a flower, the 
 yellow hyacinth, is connected with his death. It led 
 him to Holland and Haarlem, and on that occasion 
 he allowed himself to be enticed into taking that 
 unwise bath in the cold North Sea which resulted in 
 a serious illness ; and although its evil consequences 
 were transiently removed, it probably laid the germ of 
 his death, which seemed to be so far away from his 
 
40 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 otherwise sound constitution. On his sick-bed he 
 was still occupied with that flower, and dedicated to 
 it a treatise which, apart from the revision of his 
 Hebrew Xew Testament, and apart from a preface to 
 his book on the Messianic Prophecies, in which he 
 sought to embody the fruit of his theological work in 
 the Old Testament department, was the last which 
 he wrote or dictated. The last completed advanced 
 sheet of the Messianic Prophecies was laid on his bed 
 the day before he died. Only the end of his life 
 ended the unwearied work of this man. 
 
 So he was ours, and as such he was taken from 
 us, from our university, our Faculty, our Church and 
 theology, the scientific world, and the Christian 
 world in general — and I may perhaps be permitted 
 to add, he was also taken from me, since I was 
 closely bound with him for years, and with Kahnis, 
 who went home before him. Now they have both 
 left me. When our university, when our Theological 
 Faculty, mourning, lays its palms upon his bier, 
 and when the Theological Faculty of Erlangen, to 
 which he belonged seventeen years in most fruitful 
 activity, unites with us, — this is the only thing which 
 remains for us in order to honour and thank him. 
 But how little that is in comparison with what we 
 are indebted to him ! Never will his memory and 
 the gratitude to him in our hearts be extinguished ; 
 and our theological youth, as we hope, will take pains, 
 in grateful devotion to his memory, to learn from him 
 and imitate his examj)le. Thus we take leave of him, 
 
THE LAST FAEEWELL. 41 
 
 leave of thee, beloved friend and colleague. Have 
 pia anima I Beqiiiescas in pace et lux perpetua luceat 
 tihi ! Have atqite vale ! 
 
 Address of Count Vitzthum von Eckstaedt, in the 
 Name of the Evangelical Lutheran Central 
 Society for Missions among Israel. 
 
 In deep affliction and genuine mourning, the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Central Society for Missions 
 among Israel, as an external sign of its hearty thank- 
 fulness and admiring recognition, lays a garland on 
 the bier of the beloved departed one whom the Lord 
 has taken from us. 
 
 It was Eranz Delitzsch who founded this Society 
 twenty-two years ago, with two friends who have 
 gone on before him into eternity, — Plitt and von 
 Erdmannsdorf, — with the earnest desire that through 
 a united activity they might see more members from 
 the people of the Old Covenant led to our Lord and 
 Saviour Jesus Christ. 
 
 Besides, he united with it other similar societies in 
 Germany and outside of Germany, as the Norwegian 
 and the Bavarian Societies for spreading Christianity 
 among the Jews. This latter Society was founded 
 by him in 1863 in Erlangen, and the Saxon Chief 
 Missionary Society, whose Jewish missionary he was 
 destined to be in 1839, and to whose committee he 
 belonged until his death. With the origin of the 
 Bavarian Society in 1863 he began the publication 
 
42 FKAKZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 of the magazine Saat avf Hoffnuny (Sown in Hope), 
 which last January began its twenty-seventh year, 
 adorned with his name. Delitzsch, however, with 
 his heart full of burning love for Jesus, was the 
 creative and propelling power of the work which 
 was thus begun. He never relinquished his first love. 
 All the while more glowing, it burned with an 
 enthusiasm and a manifold activity which mocked 
 old age. Through it he won and warmed by means of 
 the Instituta Judaica, which have been revived since 
 1880, and through the Missionary Seminary, friends, 
 and youthful pupils, and co-workers. His love was 
 not mere feeling. It ripened into permanent fruit. 
 
 In the clear persuasion which rested upon the 
 Lutheran Confession, " Only God's word does it," 
 he placed his masterly command of the Hebrew 
 language at the service of a translation of the Xew 
 Testament into Hebrew. By means of this transla- 
 tion, which has attained a circulation of more than 
 60,000 copies, Delitzsch put an instrument into the 
 hands of the Jewish Mission which, as the hammer 
 that dashes in pieces the heart like a rock, wiU 
 never be blunted. 
 
 For this, the greatest work of his life, the Lutheran 
 Church should never be wanting in thankfulness. 
 This thankfulness many have already bestowed upon 
 him, who, desirous of salvation, have read the New 
 Testament, and who have turned to the Shepherd and 
 Bishop of their souls. Here the thanks culminate 
 which to-day we utter by his bier. 
 
THE LAST FAREWELL. 43 
 
 Attacked with mortal illness, he completed his 
 last work, Messianic Prophecies in Historical Sticcession, 
 which he expressly indicated as a legacy for the 
 workers in the Jewish Mission. May it bear fruit ! 
 
 Thus Franz Delitzsch has assured his memorial 
 in the Jewish Mission and among the people of the 
 Old Covenant. 
 
 Eest in peace, and may the everlasting light shine 
 upon you ! 
 
 At the conclusion of Count Yitzthum's address the 
 following hymn was sung by the University Choral 
 Society of Saint Paul's : — 
 
 Wenu ich eiiimal soil solieiden, 
 So scheide nicht von mir ; 
 Wenn icli den Tod soil leiden, 
 So tritt du daun herfiir. 
 Wenn mire am allerbangsten 
 Wird um das Herze sein, 
 So reiss micli aus den Aengsten 
 Kraft deiner Angst und Pein. 
 
 The remains of this g-reat master in Israel now 
 
 o 
 
 repose in the South Churchyard of Leipzig, in the 
 immediate neighbourhood of the place where Napoleon, 
 in the year that Professor Delitzsch was born, saw 
 his star going down at the battle of Leipzig. He 
 awaits the morning when God's people, both Jews 
 and Gentiles, shall be gathered together to meet 
 their Lord. 
 
44 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 XOTES. 
 
 ^ This passage is given according to Luther's ver- 
 sion, cf. vers. 13 and 15. 
 
 ■^ There is an allusion here to the magazine which 
 was published by Professor Delitzsch in the interest 
 of Jewish Missions, and which was called Saat auf 
 Hoffnung. 
 
 ^ The reference here is probably to theology as 
 represented by the school of Kitschl. 
 
 •* The literal rendering is, "Wherever a flickering 
 wick under the ashes of servitude to the law fought 
 the conflict of faith between life and death, to him 
 everything turned from the Jewish world." 
 
CHAPTEE III. 
 
 DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN. 
 " Womit kann ich Ihnen clienen ? " — Delitzsch. 
 
 "PVELITZSCH was an attractive lecturer from the 
 ^^ very beginning. He possessed in an emi- 
 nent degree the qualities which interest students — 
 genius, enthusiasm, learning, freshness, and origin- 
 ality. 
 
 Whatever criticisms may be made regarding a 
 lack of exact scientific method of presentation, he 
 had that which is the most important characteristic 
 of a great teacher — the power to inspire his pupils. 
 This is of more value than the ability to beat into 
 them certain dry details. Any pedagogue can do 
 that. But if any man could take his hearers up to 
 the third heavens and show them things which were 
 unuttera!)le, it was Delitzsch. 
 
 He prepared himself for his lectures as if it were 
 the only work which he had to do. His pupil, 
 Kohler, professor in Erlangen, tells us that his 
 lectures were wrought out, in respect to style, with 
 the greatest pains, and that he sought to attain the 
 utmost finish.^ But as Delitzsch himself assured me, 
 
46 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 they never became stereotyped. He was not like 
 the once eminent American professor, wlio wondered 
 why the students had ceased to enjoy his lectures, 
 since they were the same which he Iiad delivered for 
 twenty - live years. Delitzsch loved new forms of 
 expression ; he was always acquiring new stores of 
 knowledge, and it was his earnest desire to serve his 
 students in the best way. 
 
 When he first began to lecture in Leipzig, in 
 1842, as a privat-docent, he had good audiences. 
 His first famulus " relates that, when he reached the 
 account of the Fall in Genesis, his room was crowded 
 with law and medical students, who had come to 
 hear what he had to say about Satan, and make 
 sport of it. He was warned before he entered, and 
 those who came to mock were not rewarded for their 
 pains. 
 
 In 1873, I was informed that it was his custom 
 to begin in one of the smaller lecture-rooms at the 
 opening of the semester, but it was soon necessary to 
 seek a larger room. 
 
 Until the last he had large audiences. This is 
 certainly a remarkable testimony to his power, when 
 we remember that Ewald, in his old age, could com- 
 mand only a " handful of auditors," "' and that the 
 brilliant Tholuck, in the last years of life, became 
 such a mental wreck in his public efforts that he 
 could not command more than ten students, and 
 even they probably attended his exercises out of 
 respect.* But no such melancholy spectacle greeted 
 
DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN. 47 
 
 the eyes of his former students. " His bow abode 
 in strength." 
 
 Count Baudissin has well said, that although 
 opinions might be divided regarding his books and 
 his lectures, there could be but one opinion regard- 
 ing his intercourse with students.^ It was charming. 
 It was not only fatherly, but when one was alone 
 with him it was even brotherly in its affectionate- 
 ness. 
 
 Surely none who ever went to drink a cup of 
 coffee with him at the Bonorand, or in any other 
 place, could forget the delight and inspiration of his 
 presence. 
 
 In the earlier days he is reported to have gone 
 to the rooms of poor students to take them with 
 him to get a cup of coffee. He often visited them 
 in sickness, and is said at times to have taken useful 
 remedies.^ He was a physician of souls as well, a 
 faithful and successful pastor, who knew how to 
 speak to the heart with an eloquence born of the 
 conviction of the truth of what he was saying, and 
 of love for the soul which he was seeking to help. 
 
 The smile of welcome with which he greeted new 
 students, the kindness with which he inquired about 
 their homes, is never to be forgotten ; and the kiss 
 and embrace with which he sometimes welcomed 
 those who were nearest him, must have sent a thrill 
 to their hearts. 
 
 I may be perhaps pardoned for giving a few 
 personal reminiscences. In the spring of 1873 I 
 
48 FKANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 found myself in Germany, without having previously 
 thought that I could pursue a course of study there. 
 I was finally compelled to set out on a voyage of 
 discovery, as I knew nothing of the merits of the 
 respective German universities. I finally reached 
 Leipzig, and called on Professor Delitzsch. When 
 he learned the object of my errand, he said slowly 
 in English, " Are you willing to study in Leipzig ? " ^ 
 My heart at once answered the question in the 
 affirmative. After he had drawn me to Leipzig, all 
 unconsciously to himself, he drew me to his depart- 
 ment, and when I did not find teachers that suited 
 me, amazed me by offering me his services. It was 
 certainly not for the compensation, for that was very 
 moderate. He took me with a very elementary 
 knowledge of Hebrew, and coached me in grammar 
 and in reading at sight. He was kindness and help- 
 fulness itself, from the beginning to the end of my 
 stay. 
 
 I am sure many could bear similar testimony 
 to his wonderful kindness and condescension. The 
 amount of work which he did for students in propos- 
 ing themes for investigation, and in correcting their 
 exercises, is beyond computation. It was enough 
 largely to occupy the time of any ordinary man. 
 Besides this, he was helpful to his students at a later 
 stage. If any of them sought promotion in the 
 philosophical or theological department, and came to 
 him for advice, he at once became deeply interested 
 in their success. He was sure to sucfc^est some 
 
DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAX. 49 
 
 theme to them, to examine their plan of investiga- 
 tion, and to revise their work. After they had 
 secured his interest, they were like so many sons, 
 whose success he desired. Standing by the side of 
 the young man at the high desk in his study, pen in 
 hand, he made chang;es and corrections, and while 
 his right hand was busy, his left might steal around 
 the neck of the one beside him in a way to remove 
 all fear of this great scholar. It is certain that 
 many owe their promotion and place in life to his 
 self-sacrificing and kindly efforts in their behalf. 
 
 An amusing incident is told at his expense. It 
 was first related to me by Kahnis years ago, who 
 said, " Delitzsch is altogether too kind - hearted. " 
 He pleaded until he carried the day for the pro- 
 motion of a man as licentiate of theology, whom the 
 Theological Faculty did not consider at all fitted for 
 a theological career. In seeking recently a verifica- 
 tion of this story, it was added, that after Delitzsch 
 had gained his point, and made some changes in the 
 dissertation which rendered it more acceptable, the 
 author, instead of remembering his benefactor, after- 
 wards dedicated it to the deceased predecessors of 
 Delitzsch in the Old and Xew Testament depart- 
 ments : manihis Tuchii et Angeri. 
 
 Doubtless he had pleasure, and sometimes received 
 suE^c^estions from brioht minds, but it seemed to be 
 quite as much of a jDleasure to him to serve as to be 
 served. He once said, that he had no time for calls 
 of ceremony. He wanted either to do something 
 
50 FItANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 for some one else, or have them do something for 
 him. 
 
 His kindness, as may be inferred, extended to all 
 classes of students. Although he was a strict 
 Lutheran, men of all confessions found an open 
 heart and a sympathizing friend. To multitudes 
 who were once within the circle of his influence, the 
 world seems poorer for his absence. 
 
 He had no ambition to found any school. He 
 did what is far better : he inspired many to noble 
 aims in life, and to seek the highest success. If a 
 full list could be prepared of those who have been 
 under his instruction, or, at least, under his influence, 
 it would be surprisingly large.^ In the hearts of his 
 pupils his memory is certainly secure. 
 
 It remains briefly to consider him as a Biblical 
 theologian. He stood firm as a rock in his adherence 
 to orthodox Lutheranism. In his views of the Old 
 Testament, how^ever, he seemed to undergo a great 
 change in the last ten years of his life. But it 
 is clear to any one who carefully examines his 
 writings, and who is familiar with his critical 
 principles, that the change between his former and 
 his more recent views reiiardinfTj the origin and struc- 
 ture of the Pentateuch and other critical questions, 
 was not the result of a sudden impulse. 
 
 For years he contended for perfectly unbiassed 
 investigation. His standpoint was always different 
 from that of Professor Keil in this respect. Almost 
 thirty-eight years ^ ago he admitted tliat there were. 
 
DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN. 51 
 
 at least, two different sources in the Pentateuch. 
 Evidently Stahelin's Untersiicliungen made a deep 
 impression on his mind. But he then hoped that 
 conservative scholars would be able to prove the 
 Mosaic character of the Pentateuch.^^ 
 
 He also maintained, and in this he differed 
 radically from Drechsler and Stier, that Divine 
 revelation was of a progressive character, that it 
 was conditioned and limited by those for whom it 
 was designed and through whom it was mediated. 
 Hence, that we are not forced to take the New Testa- 
 ment interpretation as representing the thought of 
 the ancient writers, or of the people to whom their 
 writings were addressed. He contended strongly 
 for the primary historical application,^^ although, at 
 the same time, he believed, for example, that the 
 first David in his doing and suffering was typical of 
 the second David. 
 
 His views of the Pentateuch were for a long time, 
 as is well known, moderate. He held, at the very 
 beginning of his published opinions, that certain 
 parts of the middle books were Mosaic in fact, and 
 that all was Mosaic in spirit, since a man like 
 Eleazar was author of the Priests' Code, and a man 
 like Joshua of the Jehovistic portions, while he held 
 that Moses was author of a larger or smaller part of 
 Deuteronomy.^- 
 
 This view was rather the result of one of his 
 happy guesses than of any exact investigation. He 
 arrived at his results usually rather through intui- 
 
52 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 tions than through long pamful processes, although 
 he could make detailed investigations. 
 
 But the time came when there were two Delitzsches 
 struggling with each other. Some who w^ere nearest 
 him had occasion to observe the conflict. It might 
 seem as if there were an inner and an outer circle 
 among his friends and pupils. To the inner circle 
 there were hints of new views, the outer were none 
 the wiser. To a superficial observer he perhaps at 
 times seemed vacillating. 
 
 Few have been called upon to pass through a 
 more trying experience. To put the Torah on the 
 critical dissecting -table gave him almost as much 
 pain as Abraham felt when he bound his son to 
 the altar. His religious nature rebelled against 
 the process. It was not so much that he feared the 
 inconsistency of change, as that he feared the effect 
 of these views. His spirit bowed with the deepest 
 reverence before the Scriptures. To him they were 
 like a sacred sanctuary. A flippant and half-profane 
 criticism made him heart-sick. When he looked at 
 the evidence which was presented by the critics he 
 was borne to one side, and when his mind was occu- 
 pied with the conclusions which were drawn by them 
 he veered to the other. It was not weakness, for he 
 could stand firmly when he felt sure of his ground ; 
 nor was it weariness because of the blows that fell upon 
 him, those he could have endured until death. But he 
 neither felt sure of the truth of these new positions, 
 nor of the trustworthiness of his old opinions. 
 
DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN. 53 
 
 I had occasion to see the change that came over 
 him. He was much impressed with the epoch- 
 making book of Graf/^ and the companion book of 
 Kayser.i^ These books raised questions in his mind 
 for which he sought solutions. He suggested various 
 subjects for investigation to intimate and advanced 
 pupils bearing on these questions. The results were 
 not such as to enable him to breast the storm which 
 broke upon him with the publication of Wellhausen's 
 Prolegomena. He finally published his own investi- 
 gations in Luthardt's Zeitschrift}^ The result was 
 not surprising to any one who knew his state of 
 mind. 
 
 The conflict was over. It would be a great in- 
 justice to a great man to say that in this he was 
 merely a follower, that he lacked critical insight, 
 and that he gave way under the weight of advanc- 
 ing years. Undoubtedly his forte was not minute 
 criticism ; and yet, at the same time, he had a quick 
 perception and a clear insight. "Without changing 
 his principles one whit regarding free investigation 
 w^hich he had held for years, he adopted the new 
 theories regarding the origin of the Pentateuch 
 because he deemed them to be true. 
 
 I saw both sides in this struggle. Speaking of an 
 interpretation which he had set forth in Isaiah, he said 
 substantially, " The Church is exceedingly sensitive in 
 regard to these matters. I have received a letter from 
 a missionary in which he thinks the view that I have 
 set forth [regarding a certain passage] is dangerous." 
 
54 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 At another time he said to Professor Kautzsch, a 
 former pupil of his, " You will have to change your 
 views regarding the Pentateuch." He said to me in 
 1877, "If I were in your place, I would not put 
 forth that theory as to the unity of the authorship 
 of Isaiah." "But," I replied, "Professor, you defend 
 that view." " Yes," he said, with emphasis, " I am 
 an old man, but you are a young man." Afterwards 
 some of his old pupils were surprised to find in his 
 Lectures on Messianic Prophecies, which appeared in 
 1880,^^ indications of a change of views, especially 
 concerning the authorship of Isa. xl.-lxvi. The change 
 was made in all honesty and sincerity. It certainly 
 was a remarkable spectacle, but entirely in harmony 
 with the character of the man that, after he had 
 reached the age of nearly threescore years and ten, he 
 should have the courage to change his critical views. 
 It came from an earnest desire to hold that which 
 he deemed truest and best. Bat notwithstanding 
 this great change in his views, he remained the same 
 sweet, consistent Christian he had ever been. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ^ Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift, Leipzig 1890, p. 211. 
 
 2 Bernhard Caspari, a Jewish proselyte, brother of 
 Professor C. P. Caspari of the University of Christiana. 
 
 2 On the authority of Professor S. D. F. Salmond ; 
 see The Expositor, London 1886, p. 457. 
 
DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN. 5o 
 
 * I have never seen a more melancholy example 
 of a great mind m decay than when attending one 
 of Professor Tholuck's lectures in 1873. Although 
 he was still bright and instructive in conversation, 
 he continually lost the thread of thought in his 
 lecture, When I asked one of the students why he 
 attended, he replied, " Out of respect for Professor 
 Tholuck." 
 
 ^ Theologische Liter aturzeitung, Leipzig 1890, col. 
 162. 
 
 ^ Yon Orelli, Der Kirchenfreimd, Basel 1890, pp. 
 103, 104 : " Und wie erstaunt war so ein junges 
 Studentlein wenn der ehwlirdige Professor, der von 
 seinen Unwohlsein gehort hatte, plotzlich in seiner 
 'Bude' erschien und ihm ein probates Mittel mit 
 beredter Anpresung llberreichte." 
 
 ^ He meant, " Wollen Sie," do you intend ? 
 
 ^ The following is a partial list of his pupils who 
 are professors in German universities: — Baudissin 
 (Marburg), Buhl (Leipzig), Cornill (Konigsberg), Ewald 
 (Vienna), Gregory (Leipzig), Hommel (Munich), Kaftan 
 (Berlin), Kautzsch (Halle), Klostermann (Kiel), Konig 
 (Eostock), Kohler (Erlangen), Loofs (Halle), Mlihlau 
 (Dorpat), Orelli (Basel), Eyssel (Zurich), Schnedermann 
 (Leipzig), Schurer (Giessen), Stade (Giessen), Strack 
 (Berlin), Volck (Dorpat), Zahn (Leipzig), Zockler 
 (Greifswald). 
 
 To these may be added the names of the following 
 Americans who are professors in theological semi- 
 naries : — Bissell (Hartford), Curtiss (Chicago), Gilbert 
 (Chicago), Foster (Oberlin), Mitchell (Boston), Price 
 (Morgan Park), Schodde (Columbus), Scott (Chicago), 
 Smith (Lane), Welton (Toronto). These are a few of 
 those whom I have been able to recall as his pupils. 
 This list does not include those in England and Scot- 
 land who have studied under Delitzsch, nor those in 
 Germany who have at least for some time come within 
 the circle of his special influence, although they did 
 not listen to his lectures. 
 
56 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 ^ Zeitschrift fiir die gesammte. httherische Theologie 
 nnd Kirchc, Leipzio^ 1853, p. 544. 
 
 10 Ihid., Leipzig 1843, Part iv. pp. 145-147. 
 
 11 Ibid., Leipzig 1852, p. 271. 1. " It is erroneous 
 that exegesis does not have to do with the meaning of 
 the prophet, but with that of the Holy Spirit which 
 caused these thoughts to be expressed in this definite 
 form. . . . The meaning of the Holy Spirit which 
 effects prophecy is absolutely the same as the person 
 of the Holy Spirit Himself, and has in view, whether 
 He makes use of Joel, or John, the author of the 
 Eevelation, as an instrument, nothing less than the 
 entire contents of the eternal Divine decree and of its 
 historical realisation in time and eternity. Through 
 this absolute meaning of the Holy Spirit every 
 prophecy has indeed an endless depth. Its first germ 
 infolds within itself the entire tree of salvation, and 
 the first lineaments are the sketch of the picture 
 which history unrolls from one end in this life to the 
 other end in the next. But are,' therefore, germ and 
 topmost twig, sketch and execution, identical ? Would 
 there be a historical progress in prophecy and, in 
 general, in revelation, if the Holy Spirit did not 
 gradually reveal the limitless contents of His know- 
 ledge, comprising time and eternity, and did not com- 
 municate it in measure ? And in what way would it 
 otherwise be possible than that He should enlighten 
 human obscurity, not all at once, that only little by 
 little He should remove human limitations, and should 
 bring the relative character of human knowledge step 
 by step nearer the absolute ? Prophecy is a divinely- 
 wrought interpenetration of the divine and human, of 
 that which is bounded and unbounded, of human 
 short-sightedness which is not removed, and of divinely- 
 mediated far-sightedness." . . . 
 
 2. " It is erroneous that the exegete should be 
 under obligations to hold that as the direct meaning 
 [of the Old Testament] without any further effort 
 which the New derives from it." . . . 
 
DELITZSCH AS TEACHER AND THEOLOGIAN. 57 
 
 12 See Die Genesis, Leipzig 1851 ; second edition, 
 1853; third edition, 1860; fourth edition, 1872. 
 
 1^ Die Geschichtlichen Biichcr clcs Alien Testaments, 
 Leipzig 1866. 
 
 1* Das VorexiliscJie Biich Israels unci seine Ericeiter- 
 ungen, Strassburg 1874. 
 
 1^ Zeitschrift fur Kirchliche Wissenschaft unci Kirch- 
 liches Lehcn, Leipzig 1880; of. Delitzsch on "The 
 Origin and Composition of the Pentateuch," in The 
 Presbyterian Review, New York, pp. 553-558. 
 
 1^ Edinburgh. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FKIEND OF AUTHORS. 
 
 *' Wenn es iiberhaupt ein Surrogat fiir die Liebe gibt, so ist es 
 gewiss nur das Biiclisclireiben." — Delitzsch. 
 
 IT is a wonder to any one who makes some com- 
 putation of the work accomplished by Delitzsch 
 where he got the time for all his varied occupations. 
 We have seen that he rose at five o'clock in the 
 morning the year around, and worked until late in 
 the evening. He hardly ever took a vacation with- 
 out having had an important interview with some 
 learned man, or without visiting some library, or 
 having secured some rare literary treasure.^ His 
 wife was called upon to make sacrifices in behalf 
 of theological science, and to surrender hours to the 
 learned world which rightfully belonged to her.- 
 And yet whether we contemplate him as lecturer 
 and friend of students, or as author and friend of 
 authors, or in his relations to God's covenant people, 
 the monuments which he has left behind him in each 
 department seem to bear this inscription, "This one 
 thing I do." 
 
 He was richly endowed by nature and education 
 
 58 
 
DELITZSCH AS AUTHOPv AND FRIEXD OF AUTHORS. 0\) 
 
 for the work of authorship. He was possessed of 
 what is vulgarly called genius, and also of the 
 genius for work in an uncommon degree. "Work 
 was his life, and the hope of work his heaven.^ 
 He possessed no ordinary skill in the extremes of 
 authorship. His essays on the Complutensian Poly- 
 glott and others of a similar sort show the most 
 exact investigation. Nor need we be surprised to 
 find him writing sacred romances, based on the 
 most careful investigations, but possessing all the 
 charms of fiction. 
 
 iSTor was he denied the joy of clearing up a 
 mystery through the discovery of a manuscript. 
 In finding the codex of Eeuchlin he was enabled 
 to establish the fact that the texiics receptus of the 
 Xew Testament ought to be supplanted by a critical 
 text, since Erasmus had not only prepared it in a 
 careless and slovenly way, but as his Greek manu- 
 script did not contain a certain passage in Eevelation, 
 Delitzsch showed how he had supplemented his Greek 
 text by translating from Latin into Greek. 
 
 Delitzsch was like an exquisite harp of many 
 strings, and was possessed of a Semitic fancy which 
 enabled him to travel through the Holy Land with- 
 out ever having seen it, so that he could picture 
 to himself Lake Genesseret.^ He had a sympathetic 
 power of imagination which at once made him a 
 companion of David and Isaiah, and of Jesus Him- 
 self. He could not only see them, but see with 
 them. 
 
60 FRANZ DELITZSCn. 
 
 He was a poet, hence to him the poetry of the 
 Old Testament not merely consisted of so many 
 pentametres, hexametres, etc. ; but it was music 
 in his soul, which had passed far beyond the mere 
 analysis. 
 
 As an expositor, therefore, he was not so much 
 engaged in analysis, in counting and classifying the 
 number of bones in the human anatomy of Scrip- 
 ture, but he was a divine painter, who often caught 
 a seraphic vision. It may be that, like the works 
 of the great masters, his paintings were not so 
 exact in detail, but he sought to make them so. 
 It is certainly a wonderful combination and variety 
 which we find in his writings, and withal to the 
 end a modesty and self-criticism which was equally 
 wonderful ^ — a desire for accuracy and fidelity which 
 ceased only with his last breath, an aspiration to 
 give the very best from which all personal ambition 
 to shine seemed to be banished. His life in rela- 
 tion to every department of his activity was the 
 embodiment of the question with which he greeted 
 his callers, Womit hann icli Uinen dienen ? " How 
 can I serve you ? " His literary performances are 
 certainly open to criticism. The very opulence of 
 his learnincj and the structure of his mind led him 
 to strow treasures where they did not always belong ; 
 but in judging of his performances we are not to 
 contrast him with the ordinary interpreter who con- 
 tinues to analyse and dissect until nothing is left but 
 dead men's bones. Each man has his mission, and 
 
DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FEIEXD OF AUTHORS. 61 
 
 Delitzsch certainly had his. Allusion has already 
 been made to the pains which he took with his style 
 in the preparation of his lectures, how in the earlier 
 years certainly they were pohshed and elegant to the 
 last degree. A fine specimen of his style at the 
 beginning of his career may be seen in one of his 
 first articles, published in 1840. In brilliancy of 
 imagination and in literary finish it is an excellent 
 performance for a young man of only twenty- seven. *^ 
 
 Not the least task which his biographer will have, 
 will be to discover even the names of all the pro- 
 ductions of his fertile pen.'^ 
 
 He began his literary career at the age of eighteen, 
 and continued it fifty - nine years with increasing 
 renown until after he was seventy-seven, within six 
 days of the end. 
 
 His literary activity had its roots in his activity 
 as Christian, as professor, as editor, and as the friend 
 of Israel, His Book for Communicants, as has been 
 stated, was the precipitate of those precious hours of 
 quiet devotion which he led for seven years. In his 
 commentaries on books of the Old and New Testa- 
 ments, in his Biblical Fsychology, his System of 
 Christian Apologetics, and his Messianic Prophecies, 
 we have the ripe fruits of his herculean and well- 
 directed studies as privat - clocent and professor for 
 nearly forty- eight years ; and in his lesser writings 
 we see how the way was prepared in his capacity as 
 editor and reviewer ; and out of his love for Israel 
 came the great work of his life, the translation of 
 
G2 FRANZ DELITZSCII. 
 
 the New Testament into Hebrew. All the while 
 he was an extensive reader. Nothing wliich had 
 any important bearing on his department escaped 
 him. In his biographical activity, and in another 
 sphere which I shall sliortly mention, he saw into 
 more men's minds than perhaps any other scholar 
 living or dead. He read books as few do, and he 
 read men in the unpublished and published maiden 
 efforts of his pupils and friends which came under his 
 eye for suggestion or revision as perhaps no other. 
 
 He had a memory which is said to have retained 
 all that he had read for years. But he did not trust 
 to it alone. He never read anything which bore 
 upon his investigations without making a note of 
 it. He had his commentaries printed with wide 
 margins in quarto. They stood in one corner on 
 the upper shelf of his bookcase. If he found any- 
 thing of importance, or which was interesting or 
 curious, he mounted his steps with the agility of 
 a young man, took down the appropriate volume, 
 wrote down the quotation, or any thought suggested 
 in reading, and at once returned the book to its 
 place. Is it any wonder that a man with such 
 habits was constantly rewriting his lectures, and 
 that his new editions were almost like new books ? 
 He was wont to say that each had an individuality 
 of its own. He was not ever harping on the same 
 string or beating over old straw, but to the end of 
 life was acquiring new knowledge. Perhaps his 
 mode of making annotations gave opportunity for 
 
DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FPJEND OF AUTHORS. 63 
 
 references to the dissertations and works of his 
 pupils. How many have smiled as they have found 
 some quotations by this distinguished scholar from 
 their maiden efforts. 
 
 One of his most remarkable traits was in his 
 friendship for authors and publishers, both old and 
 young.^ He kept in most intimate connection with 
 the heart of the learned world in his department. 
 He knew personally or stood in correspondence with 
 almost every Semitic scholar whose acquaintance was 
 worth having, if he was inclined to be friendly, and 
 sometimes worked in partnership with him. 
 
 As editor and friend of authors, no thief could 
 have attempted to pick his pockets when he went 
 out after dinner to a cafe without finding in one of 
 them either proof or advance sheets. He read proof 
 almost as if it were his only occupation. Authors, 
 both old and young, in Germany, Switzerland, Scan- 
 dinavia, Great Britain, and America, looked to him 
 for criticism and suggestion. He was their trusted 
 adviser as few would be, and stood in most intimate 
 relations with publishers, especially regarding works 
 bearing on the Old Testament. His recommendations 
 commanded confidence on both sides.^ 
 
 Think of a man, in addition to all his labours 
 for others, who was editor-in-chief of two quarterly 
 publications, — not to speak of his contributions 
 to several periodicals and magazines, — of one for 
 twenty-five years and of the other for fifteen, both of 
 which he edited contemporaneously for eleven years. 
 
64 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 It was perhaps because of the social element 
 which was developed in him to a wonderful degree, 
 as well as from his desire to help others, and to 
 produce the very best result for the world of 
 scholars, that he entered into so many partnerships 
 in literary labour. One of his first joint literary 
 efforts was in connection with Dr. Moritz Stein- 
 schneider, who was then a fellow - student under 
 Fleischer, and who is now the greatest living authority 
 in Hebrew bibliography. He certainly received sug- 
 gestions from all his literary friends, including even 
 the youngest, but on the whole he gave far more than 
 he received. 
 
 In the same way in which he loved to help for- 
 ward his worthy students, he delighted to bring 
 young and promising authors out of obscurity. 
 He found Dr. Baer, then a Jewish i)edaooaue, who 
 had laboured assiduously for twenty years in Masso- 
 retic text criticism, who was recognised by leading 
 Jewish scholars as a man of great promise. He not 
 only found him, but introduced him to Christian 
 scholars, by superintending the publication of his 
 Texts of the Old Testament (including the reading of 
 the proof), to each of which he wrote learned prefaces, 
 and also secured for him the degree of Doctor of 
 Philosophy. His story of the discovery of Dr. Baer 
 is as follows : — 
 
 " In the year 1852 there appeared a treatise 
 written in Hebrew, of considerable size, concerning 
 the accentual system of the then so-called metrical 
 
DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FEIEXD OF AUTHORS. 65 
 
 books, entitled Torath Eiaeth, a companion piece to 
 the still unexcelled treatise of W. Heidenheim con- 
 cerning the accentual system of the prose books, 
 which had appeared in the year 1808 with the title 
 Misckpete ha-teamim. The value of that treatise can 
 be estimated from the fact that S. D. Luzatto, pro- 
 fessor in Padua, enriched it with contributions, and 
 J. M. Jost, the well-known writer, who died last year, 
 provided it with a preface. In this the testimonial 
 is given to the author, that with rare love and devo- 
 tion, surrendering all reference to gain and a com- 
 fortable life, he had devoted himself to his science, 
 and that this writing, to which he had been compelled 
 to confine himself, was only a specimen of much 
 fruit of his unexampled industry. This preface not 
 only attracted my attention but also my sympathy. 
 I sought him in his retirement, and found my expec- 
 tations far exceeded. A Jewish elementary teacher 
 on small pay, he had gathered a rich library, and for 
 about twenty years had busied himself with Old 
 Testament critical studies, which had cost him not a 
 little, and brought him in absolutely nothing. Un- 
 assuming, without the gift of making himself known, 
 loving science connected with the Old Testament 
 word of God, he offered the marrow of his youth to 
 the criticism of the Hebrew text, and secured a 
 knowledge of the Massora, including the oldest 
 national grammarians, which neither under Jewish 
 nor under Christian investigations has its equal." '^^ 
 He considered it a praiseworthy attempt to draw 
 
66 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 forth the studies of this learned man to the light. 
 The sequel is well known to Old Testament scholars. 
 
 He read all the proofs of Fiirst's Concordance'^^ 
 before he was twenty-seven years old, besides, doubt- 
 less, furnishing the Latin definitions and the preface. 
 If any one wishes to get an impression of the magni- 
 tude of the undertaking, let him examine this Con- 
 cordance. His services in all these directions were 
 not slight ; whatever he did, he did with his whole 
 heart. 
 
 He made important contributions to Gesenius' 
 Lexicon, edited by Muhlau and Volck, and read all 
 the proofs.^^ 
 
 Indeed, it would be almost safe to say that no 
 important work was published on the Old Testament 
 in Leipzig which did not come, more or less, under 
 his eye and hand. 
 
 He revised Biesenthal's Co^nmentary on the Hehrews, 
 and read all the proofs.^^ He was also instrumental 
 in securing the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the 
 University of Giessen for his old friend. As Gregory 
 and I had also had our share in the matter, we all 
 three drove to Biesenthal's house on the occasion of 
 his eightieth birthday to convey to him the joyful 
 intelligence, and to present him with the diploma. 
 Professor Delitzsch read to the old Jewish missionary 
 of the London Society a beautiful address, engrossed 
 with his own hand on paper with a silver border, in 
 which he called him his beloved teacher. Biesenthal 
 was completely overcome, and sobbed like a child. 
 
DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FRIEND OF AUTHORS. 67 
 
 Chejne has mentioned Fleischer's contributions 
 to his commentaries. They were of exceeding value. 
 It was as great a pleasure to Fleischer to give them, 
 as it was for Delitzsch to receive them. Without 
 Delitzsch they would never have seen the light. It 
 was a rare spectacle to see these two grey-headed 
 men together in the simple study of the great 
 Hebraist, their faces beaming with mutual affection 
 and admiration, and their eyes flashing like rare gems 
 from the Orient, as they discussed intricate points in 
 Arabic grammar and etymology. 
 
 It was quite another scene when Professor Keil 
 appeared, with whom Professor Delitzsch stood in 
 close connection as author and collaborateur in the 
 issue of the Old Testament series. Keil, dry and 
 exact as his commentaries ; Delitzsch, bright and 
 animated : one representing the prose, and the other 
 the poetry of exegesis. 
 
 Delitzsch never rested with a low ideal of author- 
 ship. Humbly recognising his faults, as we have 
 seen, in an almost unexampled way to the very end, 
 he sought perfection, even if it cost him his life. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ^ See Kohler, Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift, Leipzig 
 1890, pp. 237, 238. 
 
 ^ See funeral address of Pastor Tranzschel, p. 29. 
 3 Cf. iUd. p. 34. 
 
68 FKANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 ^ He told me once he had only to sliiit his eyes to 
 see it. 
 
 ^ Der Fliigel des Engels, Dresden 1840, p. iii. : 
 " Finally, I beg the reader to overlook many hard and 
 obscure things in my manner of writing. I know that 
 the highest simplicity of style is at the same time the 
 highest beauty, and that through wise and beautiful 
 words the cross of Christ may be made of none effect. 
 How gladly I would understand how to learn to speak 
 the simple, modest, and chaste language of wisdom 
 from above. I perceive, with great mortification, that 
 I am yet very far from the goal of my effort." 
 
 In the preface to the last edition of his Commentary 
 on Isaiah, Leipzig 1889, he says: "Complaint has been 
 made against my commentary, in its earlier editions, 
 that it contains too much that is etymological, and 
 too much that is curious, which is remote from an 
 exegetical work. The reproach was not unjustified, 
 and I have taken pains that it cannot be raised against 
 the commentary in its new form. 
 
 ^ Eudelbach und Guericke, Zeitschrift fur die Ge- 
 sammte Lutlicrisclie Theologie und Kirche, Leipzig 1840. 
 In the first issue of this Eeview is an article by 
 Delitzsch on " Unglaube, Glaiibe, ISTeuglaube, Ein Beit- 
 rag zur Christlichen Psychologic," pp. 70-105. 
 
 "' See Appendix III. 
 
 ^ An affectionate correspondence was kept up by 
 him until his death with the junior partner of the firm 
 who publish this work, resulting from the kindly 
 friendship formed in the early youth of the latter 
 when he was connected with a publishing house in 
 Leipzig. 
 
 ^ He was the one who, with the approval of 
 Professor Luthardt, recommended Mr. Caspar Een6 
 Gregory to the J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung as 
 the proper person to prepare the Prolegomena to the 
 eighth edition of Tischendorf's Greek Testament. 
 
 ^^ Zeitschrift filr die Gesarnmte I/iUherische Theo- 
 logie, Leipzig 1863, pp. 409 ff. 
 
DELITZSCH AS AUTHOR AND FRIEND OF AUTHORS. 69 
 
 1^ Lihrorum Sacrorum Veteris Testamenti Concor- 
 dantiae Hehraicae atque Chaldaicae, Lipsiae, p. xii. 
 
 ^^ See Vorwort zur neimten Auflage, Leipzig 1883, 
 p. V. 
 
 ^^ See Das Trostschreiben des Apostels Paulus an 
 die Hehrder, kritisch vnederhergestellt und sprachMch, 
 archdologisch und hihlisch-theologisch erldutei^t, Leipzig 
 1878, p. X. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 DELITZSCH AS THE FRIEND OF ISRAEL. 
 
 ' ' Und wenn es mein Leben kosten sollte die Arbeit am Neuen 
 Testament muss gethan werden." — Delitzsch. 
 
 T^ELITZSCH never forgot the debt which he owed 
 -*-^ to his benefactor. He was not only accus- 
 tomed to visit his grave and adorn it with flowers 
 when he came to Leipzig from Rostock and Erlangen, 
 but while his foster-father lived he found an inspira- 
 tion and object in his efforts for the Jews in seeking 
 the conversion of Hirsch. So far as I know, he was 
 his first convert. 
 
 Delitzsch never ceased to love Israel. This is 
 evident from the whole tenor of his life. The 
 teacher whom he esteemed most as a young man, 
 and for whom he took the lance, was the Jewish 
 scholar Julius Fiirst. His maiden effort, so far as I 
 am aware, in book-making — not to mention some 
 pamphlets — was a learned treatise on the " History 
 of Jewish Poetry, from the conclusion of the Holy 
 Scriptures of the Old Covenant until the most 
 recent times," in which he mentions over four 
 hundred Jewish poets and poems. If he read these 
 
 70 
 
DELITZSCH AS THE FRIEKD OF ISRAEL. 71 
 
 in the most superficial way, this would be a remark- 
 able performance for a young man of twenty- 
 three ; but it bears marks of careful reading and 
 study. 
 
 The most cherished companion of his student days 
 in the university, with whom he says he lived like a 
 dove in one nest, was C. P. Caspari, now professor in 
 Christiania. His first fayiiuhis, as has been remarked, 
 was also a Jewish proselyte, Bernhard Caspari, brother 
 of the one just mentioned. 
 
 His purse was ever open to the poor outcast Jew. 
 None that was worthy ever sought his help in vain. It 
 is certain that not a few who were unworthy enjoyed 
 his bounty. For twenty-five years he conducted a 
 magazine in the interest of Jewish missions. Within 
 the last decade, when fanaticism was at white heat, 
 and it was not popular to be a friend of the Jews, he 
 entered the lists in their behalf with all the treasures 
 of his Talmudical learning and an eloquence born of 
 love. The literary work on which he spent nearly 
 fifty years of study, which has passed through ten 
 editions, and has had a circulation of 60,000, was the 
 Xew Testament translated into Hebrew. The two 
 works svhich especially engaged his attention during 
 his last illness were the Messianic Prophecies, which 
 was published in the interest of Jewish Missions, 
 and the eleventh edition of his New Testament, 
 which he hoped to be able to complete, even if his 
 life were to be shortened by the effort. The two 
 who had ready access to him during his last illness 
 
72 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 were the Jewish missionary, Pastor Wilhelni Faber, 
 whom he wished to see daily to learn about the 
 progress of the Institutum Judaicum and any items 
 of interest in the Jewish work, and Lie. theol. Dr. 
 Dalman, editor of the Hebrew New Testament. The 
 last proof that he ever read was half of the first 
 revised sheet of the New Testament. Surely these 
 facts show where his heart was. And Faber well 
 says : " Our glorified father and friend now raises 
 his hands in prayer in the triumphant Church. We 
 of the militant Church are sure of the blessing which 
 will go forth upon those who are contending for 
 Israel's salvation." 
 
 Prof. Delitzsch first received his introduction to 
 Jewish missions through the missionaries Becker and 
 Goldberg, who were wont to visit the fairs in Leipzig, 
 where many Jews were accustomed to congregate. 
 But while the flame of love burned ever brightly in 
 his own heart, Jewish missions suffered a decline in 
 the Lutheran Church. In order to kindle these dying 
 embers into a flame, he founded " Soicn i7i Hope, 
 a magazine for the mission of the Church to Israel, 
 issued in quarterly numbers by Professor Delitzsch 
 and Pastor Becker. First number (Johannis, 1863).^ 
 Organ of the Evangelical Lutheran Missionary Society 
 for Israel in Saxony and Bavaria." For twenty-five 
 years he devoted time without stint in preparing 
 articles for this magazine and in editing it. His 
 spirit may be seen from the preface to the first 
 number : " But we are persuaded that not a single 
 
DELITZSCH AS THE FEIEND OF ISRAEL. 76 
 
 word of prayer for Israel is in vain, but will have its 
 part in filling up the chasm [between the Church 
 and the Synagogue]. Therefore we sow in hope, and 
 water our seed with our tears ; and even though the 
 black earth swallows our grain, yet the indwelling 
 power of the Divine promise will not be in vain. 
 ' Behold, the husbandman,' says James (v. 7), who 
 has prayed for his people so earnestly that his knees 
 have become horny, ' waiteth for the precious fruit of 
 the earth, being patient over it, until it receives the 
 early and the latter rain.' The early rain, that it 
 may moisten the seed, and the latter rain, that it 
 may ripen the heads we commit to Him who has 
 promised it, and are content to prepare the way for 
 the fulfilment of the promise to a certain degree 
 through our sowing. Although the soil may be so 
 barren, we hope against hope. Our hope rests in 
 God's promise (Isa. xxvii. 6) : 'It will at length 
 come to pass that Jacob shall strike root, and Israel 
 shall blossom and become green, that they may fill 
 the earth w^ith fruit.' " 
 
 As early as 1838, in his treatise entitled Science, 
 Art, Judaism,^ he expressed the opinion that the 
 Hebrew version of the Xew Testament, published 
 by the London Missionary Society, was only im- 
 perfectly adapted to the purposes of missions, 
 There were mistakes in the titles of single books, 
 He says, " Therefore, even at that time, I enter 
 tained the plan of undertaking the work, and, i 
 possible, of producing something more thorough. . . 
 
74 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 In the translation of the apostolic hymn on love 
 (1 Cor. xiii.), I gave a specimen." 
 
 He did not undertake this version in any contro- 
 versial spirit, for he writes : " We shall work for that 
 which is best, but in quiet, and with the constant 
 wish for peaceful co-operation with all the friends of 
 our missionary cause." ^ 
 
 In I860 he reports that " the work of translating 
 the Xew Testament into Hebrew is making constant 
 progress. . , . The translation of Matthew, of the 
 Epistle of James, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and 
 the Eevelation — since these books were to be under- 
 taken first according to our programme — has been 
 finished, and there is only lacking the final revision 
 and polishing. If the honourable committee of the 
 society, whose co-operation we need, do not become 
 weary, it might be possible to extend the work of 
 translation further to all the Xew Testament books, 
 and perhaps to publish the whole in the course of a 
 year. The undersigned entertains the hope that he 
 may be permitted to survive the conclusion of this 
 work, which is of the highest importance for the 
 cause of missions, and also for science." ^ 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Central Society 
 for Missions among the Jews, held in Leipzig, May 
 28th, 1874, it was reported: "The translation of the 
 Xew Testament into Hebrew is ready for the press, 
 and before it is given to the printers, only needs 
 a final revision by Professor Delitzsch, who intends 
 to devote the year 1875 entirely to the labour of 
 
DELITZSCH AS THE FKIEND OF ISKAEL. 75 
 
 printing this work. As programme, and at the same 
 time example, of this new translation, he issued in 
 the year 1870 the Epistle to the Eomans.^ The 
 firm of Dorffling and Franke has undertaken the 
 publication." 
 
 The history of this translation for the next three 
 years cannot be distinctly traced. It is the recollec- 
 tion of Professor Caspar Eene Gregory, who composed 
 the letters to the British and Foreign Bible Society, 
 that Professor Delitzsch had entered into a verbal 
 understanding with Perthes, the publisher at Gotha, 
 during his visit to the Spring Fair in Leipzig 1875. 
 
 Gregory dissuaded Delitzsch, who had been unsuc- 
 cessful in his correspondence with the British and 
 Foreign Bible Society, from giving the Hebrew New 
 Testament into the hands of an individual publisher, 
 as, in that case, the circulation would be only 
 limited. He himself undertook the necessary cor- 
 respondence, determining the form of the letters 
 (which were signed by Delitzsch), with happy results, 
 as the negotiations were completely successful. Thus 
 Professor Gregory was directly instrumental in secur- 
 ing a much wider circulation than would otherwise 
 have been possible. I now give the narrative as 
 it was written by Professor Delitzsch himself, in 
 English. I was quite familiar at the time with the 
 efforts which he made to secure a perfect translation. 
 
 " Many years I sought for a publisher of the 
 whole, who would take upon himself the expense of 
 publishing, and provide for its circulation. At last 
 
76 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 the British and Foreign Bible Society lent me its 
 helpful hand, and having obtained such a powerful 
 and generous protection, the new translation went 
 through the press, and forthwith enjoyed God's 
 wonderful blessing. It was completed in the spring 
 of 1877. The text followed there is substantially 
 that of the Sinaitic codex, with the principal 
 variations of the textus receptiis in brackets. But 
 I soon felt that a text formed by myself alone could 
 not be exempt from individual arbitrariness, and that 
 it was more natural to base the translation on the 
 receptus and to supplement it with critical remarks. 
 After half a year a second edition became necessary, 
 which I based on these principles ; it bears the date 
 of 1878. Only two years later, in 1880, a third 
 edition appeared in a larger form. Even the copies 
 of this third were quickly exhausted, and already, in 
 October of the same year, I prepared, at Berlin, with 
 my never-to-be-forgotten friend the late Eev. Palmer 
 Davies, a fourth electrotyped edition. The text 
 had now to be definitively settled, and the work 
 demanded redoubled care. I revised it a third time, 
 and was successfully aided by the Eev. T. E. Driver, 
 now Pusey's successor as Professor of Hebrew at 
 Oxford. Each of these editions represents, as I 
 hope, a new degree of approximation to the ideal, 
 which even now, in the fourth electrotyped edition 
 of 1882, is still not attained. Therefore, I was 
 agreeably surprised when Mr. James Watt, the 
 successor of the late Mr. Davies, informed me that 
 
DELITZSCH AS THE FRIEND OF ISRAEL. 77 
 
 five thousand copies of the fourth edition were 
 sold, without any remaining. In truth, God has 
 abundantly blessed our work. Far from priding 
 myself, I acknowledge, on the contrary, the merits 
 of my fellow - labourers, among whom are also 
 not a small number of Jewish friends. We have 
 cause to say, that our new translation has con- 
 tributed somewhat to bring the Xew Testament 
 nearer to the Jews, as a prominent work of their 
 literature." ^ 
 
 I now pass over several years, to the last that he 
 ever wrote on this subject : — 
 
 " The older I became, the more it seemed to me a 
 duty to give my scientific labours, as far as possible, 
 a practical aim. And in the great vineyard of God 
 it was the mission amono; Israel, the winning; of 
 the Jewish people for Christianity, which attracted 
 me most. Therefore I was inspired with zeal to 
 co-operate in the building up of the new missionary 
 literature which was called into life by our Leipzig 
 Institutum Judaicum. But, since 1886, the main 
 contribution with which I wished to close my life, 
 was the completion of a fresh revision of the Hebrew 
 New Testament more thorough and complete than 
 ever before, corresponding to the high ideal which 
 I had placed before me, — a final edition, the utmost 
 which my intellectual power and length of life would 
 permit. After describing his physical condition, he 
 says, " What will be the end ? Will God make me 
 riper for eternity through a long mortal confinement 
 
78 FRANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 to my bed, or does He intend to remove me suddenly 
 through the gates of death, or does He propose to 
 give me a little season for convalesence ? I do not 
 yet know to-day, the 29th of January 1890, but I 
 owe Him unceasing thanks, that He has hitherto 
 preserved my mind clear and fresh, and not only 
 desirous of work, but also, although in a limited 
 way, capable of work ; and to what task should I 
 devote the remnant of my life and power of work 
 as an offering beside the one I have indicated above, 
 as the ideal aim of my life ? " 
 
 It remains briefly to add a quotation from a letter 
 received from Dr. Dalman. " It was the most ardent 
 wish of his heart, without a doubt, to finish the 
 revision of the New Testament, for which he had 
 made preparations, as the keystone of more than 
 fifty years' labour. But at the end of January, as 
 the firm which had been engaged to undertake the 
 publication pressed to make a beginning, he saw that 
 he must sacrifice this wish so natural to the decree 
 of God. Those who know with what peculiar pains 
 he was accustomed to watch the printing of his 
 publications can form some conception of what it 
 cost him to see others take his place, even if he had 
 been permitted to survive the completion of the work. 
 He asked me whether I was ready, with the aid of 
 the Jewish savant, Israel Isar Kahan, who since 
 1883 had gone hand in hand with him in the 
 revision and correction of the editions of the 
 Hebrew New Testament which had appeared since 
 
DELITZSCH AS THE FRIEND OF ISRAEL. 79 
 
 that time, to make the revision, which he had pre- 
 pared, ready for the printer, and to carry it through 
 the press. After I had given my consent, although 
 not without hesitation, he gave me his own copy, 
 provided with a great quantity of notes ; and then 
 began through the last month of his life continual 
 conferences, in which I had opportunity to obtain 
 from him in the preparation of the Gospel of 
 Matthew, which I had taken in hand, his directions 
 and wishes in doubtful cases, and also to establish 
 for this work the principles of procedure. To this 
 activity he devoted his last strength. Here he did 
 not spare himself. He turned aside entreaties that 
 he would not over-exert himself, and that he would 
 remember the sleepless nights which were occasioned 
 by the revision, with the brief words : ' And if it 
 should cost me my life, the work on the New Testa- 
 ment must be done.' Every other consideration 
 had to give way. Meanwhile the printing had 
 begun. On the evening of the 1st of March I was 
 able to give him half of the first proof sheet. The 
 following day — the last Sunday that he lived, and 
 the last day of completely undisturbed consciousness 
 — these were the leaves which he took again and 
 again in hand, which he read again and again, and 
 which, finally, he handed back to me with a remark 
 concerning the grammatical contents, which he 
 himself had written on the margin. To see this 
 work really in progress was his last pleasure; the 
 examination of its leaves the last work of this 
 
80 FKANZ DELITZSCH. 
 
 unwearied man, who now lay with waning spirit and 
 waning body on his death-bed." 
 
 The end has already been described in the sketch 
 of his life ; but it is evident that his last illness and 
 his dying hours were devoted to the people whom he 
 loved, for whom he had prayed, and to whom he had 
 consecrated some of the best energies of his life. 
 May this love and devotion not be lost in the days 
 to come. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1 Saat auf Hoffiiung. Zeitschrift fur die Mission der 
 Kirclie an Israel, etc., Leipzig 1863. 
 
 2 See Appendix III. 
 
 2 Saat auf Uoffnung, Leipzig 1864, part iii. pp. 
 59-62. Studien und Kritikcn, Gotha 1865, pp. 611- 
 614. 
 
 * Saat auf Hoffnung, Leipzig 1865, part i. pp. 61, 
 62. 
 
 ^ Paidus des Apostles Brief an die Homer aus dem 
 Griechisclien Urtext auf Grund des Sinai-Codex in das 
 Hehriiische uhersetz 2ind aus Talmud und Midrasch 
 erldutert von Franz Delitzsch [Mit einem Rilckhlick 
 auf die Uebersetzangsgeschichte xoni ersten bis ins 
 neunzehnte Ja]irliundert\ Leipzig 1870. 
 
 ^ The Hebrew New Testament of the British and 
 Foreign Bible Soeiety : A contribution to Hebrew 
 Philology, Leipzig 1883. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 Fran CISC vs Ivlivs Delitzsch. 
 
 Hic "a xiii. Lipsiae natus Jo. Godofredo, scrutario, ex 
 lo. Eosina Mueleria, hominis Judaei benelicio nutritus 
 et educatus est. Ludo primum private, deinde in 
 schola senatoria puerili disciplina instructus, seme- 
 strique institutione gratuita Weigelii, olim quarti 
 scholae Thonianae magistri, praeparatus, in tertiam 
 classem scholae ad D. Nicolai est receptus. Postremo 
 vitae scholasticae tempore furore poetico correptus 
 carmen edidit hoc titiilo : Ein Lied von dem Einen, 
 das noth ist; quod mmc palam detestatur. Quum 
 in Academiam discessisset, Eichteri scholis ad philo- 
 sophiam excitatus, Fichtii idealismus amplexus est, 
 quiimqiie in pulchri naturam inquiriret, delatus ad 
 mathesin, spe inveniendae curvae Hogarthianae. Is 
 aestus ubi deferbuit, a xxxii. se theologiae applicuit, 
 litterisque potissimum Thalmudicis operam dans, duce 
 Julio Fuerstio, homine ingenio doctrinaque mirabili, 
 nuper ab Senatu nrbis nostris ampl. interpres scripti- 
 onum Judicarum est constitutus, pp. 29-30. 
 
 Panegyrici magistri. Lips. 1826-50. 
 
 D.V. Martii A. mdcccxxxv. 
 
 Lipsiae. 
 
82 APPENPIX. 
 
 II. 
 
 Autobiography.^ 
 
 I was born in Leipzig, the 23rd of February 1813, 
 and was baptized the 4th of March in the Nicolai 
 Church. My father, who was from Leisnig,^ had at 
 that time, and during my childhood, a l)usiness in old 
 things, a so-called merchandise bootli. He lived in 
 straitened circumstances, and I had a hard youth. My 
 father died the 4th of April 1836, in the fifty-fourth 
 year of his age. 
 
 My benefactor from my youth was a Jew named 
 Levy Hirsch. He lived with us in one house, and 
 dealt in books. Without him I should never have 
 been able to enter upon a course of study. First 
 I attended a school for boys, and was later received 
 into the city free school, in which I'lato was then 
 rector, and I)olz vice-rector. Here I became a com- 
 plete Ptationalist. I indeed felt an ardent desire for 
 God ; but the person of the Saviour was veiled for 
 me in thick darkness. At the university I studied 
 first philology and philosophy. Longing for truth, I 
 buried myself in the systems of the great German 
 philosophers. Fichte especially attracted me. 
 
 One of my university friends, named Schiltz, 
 laboured unceasingly to bring me to belief. I 
 resisted a long time. But even now I can point 
 out the place upon one of the streets of Leipzig [not 
 far from the former Grimma Gate in the Goethe 
 Street, near the corner of Grimma Street] where a 
 flash from above placed me in the condition in which 
 
 1 This first appeared in the Norwegian Missiots Blad for Israel, 
 1883, p. 51 fF. My translation was made from the German render- 
 ing prepared by Pastor Wilhelm Faber, which appeared in Saat 
 auf Hoffuunq, Leipzig 1890. pp. 147-151. An Englisli translation 
 of the Norwegian was given by Professor Hilprecht in the Old Testa- 
 ment Student, 1887, p. 209 ff. 
 
 - Not Leipzig, which is certainly a typographical error. 
 
APPENDIX. 8 3 
 
 Thomas found himself when he cried, " My Lord and 
 my God ! " Henceforth I became a theologian. I 
 sought intercourse with students who were awakened 
 through God's grace, and cultivated the acquaintance 
 of believing family circles in Leipzig. The years 
 1832-1834, my last years at the university, were the 
 most beautiful in my life. They were the days of my 
 first love, the spring-time of my temporal life. 
 
 I came into comtnunication with the Jewish 
 missionaries Goldber<4 and Becker, who visited the 
 fairs at Leipzig in order to work among the Jews. 
 Both these men first taught me to love the people 
 from whom the Saviour sprang according to the flesh, 
 and taught me to pray for their conversion to the 
 Christ whom they had rejected. 
 
 Xow, when they call me a celebrated Hebraist, it 
 sounds almost strange that missionary Becker gave 
 me the first instruction in Piabbinical Hebrew ; but so 
 it is. I had brought some knowledge of Hebrew with 
 me from the gymnasium, and this language was my 
 favourite study. I made the beginning in Eabbinical 
 Hebrew with the treatise, Or leetli ereh, "Light at 
 Evening," which missionary Becker read with me. 
 
 One object of my missionary activity was my bene- 
 factor Hirsch. My testimony concerning Christ to 
 him brought forth late, but ripe fruit. On the 10th 
 of j\Iay 1843 my beloved benefactor was baptized. 
 Two years later he went home in peace. 
 
 For seven years, 1835-1842, I led the devotional 
 meetings in a circle of believing friends. Some of 
 the members still live, and when we meet we confess 
 that our anchor still rests upon the old ground. 
 Employed in this practical way, I devoted myself on 
 the other hand entirely to Hebrew and Old Testament 
 studies. These led me to the school of Eosenmuller, 
 where I was brought into connection with Fleischer 
 and my dear Paul Caspari. Our aim was the same; and 
 although we were very different, we loved each other, 
 and were very intimate. Now, when I see my friend 
 
84 APPENDIX. 
 
 among the representatives of the Norwegian Churcli 
 and Mission, I praise God's gracious guidance. 
 
 I have not yet mentioned my mother. She was 
 the daughter of a musician, in a little town Ijetweeu 
 Leipzig and Halle. As she became a widow, and was 
 alone in the world, she managed a small business 
 in books ; and when I was professor my mother was 
 still engaged in the sale of old books. This contrast 
 grieved me very much ; but she desired to be 
 independent, and no one could blame her for that. 
 She was a good woman, respected and beloved by all 
 who knew her. She had little pleasure in this world. 
 When she died in my arms, December 17th, 1857, she 
 was glad to be able to go home. I am not the only one 
 who visits her grave from time to time. She was a 
 true cross-bearer, to whom Luke vii. 47 well applies. 
 
 I have been asked many times for a sketch of my 
 life. I have never been so communicative before as 
 now to my Norwegian brethren. 
 
 My later life and activity is quickly described. In 
 the year 1842 I received permission to lecture in 
 Leipzig by means of a treatise on the Prophet 
 Habakkuk. My Communion Book originated in the 
 meetings for edification which I held. In my youth- 
 ful enthusiasm for Jewish literature, I wrote my book 
 on the History of post-Biblical Jewish Poetry. In the 
 year 1846 I became a professor in Eostock, in 1850 
 in Erlangen, and in 1867 in Leipzig, where I hope 
 to remain until my blessed end. In Erlangen I 
 founded, in the year 1863, in connection with the 
 Bavarian Jewish Mission, the missionary magazine, 
 Saat auf Hofnung (Sow^n in Hope). My Hebrew 
 New Testament, which first appeared in 1877, is now 
 being printed in the fifth edition. I am not least 
 indebted to the generosity of the Nor^vegian brethren, 
 who have made the issue of this work possible. 
 
 I became acquainted with my wdfe through our 
 devotional meetings. Her mother and her brother 
 confessed Christ. We were married April 27th, 1845. 
 
APPENDIX. 8 5 
 
 The fruit of this union was four sons. The eldest, 
 Johannes, died as a professor extraordimtrms of 
 theology, February 3rd, 1876, just as he had finished 
 editing Oehler's Symholik. He found his resting-place 
 in the Evangelical Churchyard at Genoa. On the 17th 
 of January 1872 his brother Ernst had already gone 
 home. As assistant -surgeon he had participated in 
 the Franco-German war from beginning to end. Not 
 until long after the conclusion of peace was he able 
 to come home. After he had been sickly for quite 
 awhile, he fell a prey to acute pneumonia. His grave 
 is in Leipzig. My two youngest sons are still alive. 
 The elder of them, Hermann, has a position in the 
 Allegemeinen Deutschen Credit Bank, and the younger, 
 Friedrich, born September 3rd, 1850, is professor 
 extraorclinarms of Assyriology, and is now engaged 
 at the British Museum of London, where he continues 
 his studies preparatory to the issue of a Babylouio- 
 Assyrian Lexicon. 
 
 On the 23rd of February I completed my seven- 
 tieth year. Although I hate all ovations, I had 
 more than I like. Many congratulations, especially 
 outside of Germany, were sent me, which I received 
 so gladly, and they sounded so sweetly in my ears, as 
 sweetly as the lullaby sounds to the child when it is 
 rocked to sleep. 
 
 IIL 
 
 Partial List of Books and Pamphlets by 
 Professor Delitzsch. 
 
 Note. — * Desigmites such books by Delitzsch as I have not seen. 
 
 1831. 
 1. *Ein Lied von dem Einen, das noth ist, gesungen 
 all seinen deutschen Brudern, insonderheit seiner 
 
86 APPENDIX. 
 
 lieben Burschenschaft, Leipzig 1831. Cf. the con- 
 temptuous reference to it in his Vita. 
 
 1836. 
 
 2. Zur Geschichte der jlidischen Poesie vom 
 Abschhiss der heiligen Schriften Alten Bundes bis 
 auf die neueste Zeit von Franz Delitzsch, Leipzig 
 1836. Preface dated May 1st, hence the work whicli 
 mentions over four hundred and fifty Jewish poets 
 and poems was prepared before he was twenty- three 
 years old. 
 
 1838. 
 
 3. Wissenschaft, Kunst, Judenthum. Schilderungen 
 und Kritiken von Franz Delitzsch, Grimrna 1838. 
 This is the book in which he gives a specimen of a 
 new translation of the New Testament in his render- 
 ing of 1 Cor. xiii. 
 
 4 lesurun sive Prolegomenon in Concordantias 
 Veteris Testanienti a Julio Fuerstio editas Libri Tres, 
 auctore Francisco Delitzschio, Grimmae 1838. Dedi- 
 cated to Fuerst. This is a wonderfully learned work 
 for a young man of twenty-five, in which he treats : 
 (Book I.) of the history of the Hebrew language from 
 Origen to Ftirst; (Book 11.) the origin, nature, and 
 dignity of the language ; (Book III.) the excellence of 
 the Sanscrit language. Furst was unjust enough to 
 write concerning this book in his Bibliotheca Judaica, 
 Leipzig 1849-51, i. p. 204: "ausgezogen aus dem 
 Concordanz," " taken from the Concordance." Stein- 
 schneider, in his Bibliographisches Handbuch, Leipzig 
 1859, p. 40, remarks that Delitzsch considered himself 
 as a collaborator on the Concordance, and Filrst 
 devotes about half of the preface of the Concordance 
 to a description and praise of Delitzsch's " Prolego- 
 menon," and concludes with the following acknow- 
 ledgment : " Hoc voto duni concludo et ita peroro, 
 non possum, (|uin publice gratum meum animum 
 
APPENDIX. 8 7 
 
 testificer Fr. Uelitzschio, PLil. Dr., adolescent! doctrina 
 disciplinaque praestantissimo, cujus vivo literarum 
 amore et adjutrice consuetudine non paucae de dis- 
 quisitionibiis meis interioribus ac reconditis maturer- 
 unt. Praeclara ejus in Uteris biblicis ac judaicis 
 eruditio, quam jam compluribus operibus satis lucu- 
 lente comprobavit, eum, quamquam in rebus theologicis 
 prorsus a me dissentientem, socium atque adjutorum 
 niihi adjunxit, quern in Uteris rabbinicis ac talmudicis 
 antea auditorem et discipulum habuisse merito glorior. 
 Quantum se in mentem meam insinuaverit, quanta 
 sagacitate in intimos discipUnae meae recessus pene- 
 traverit, quam prospere progressus meos non solum 
 persecutus fuerit, sed etiam promovere studuerit, 
 testantur ejus in has Concordantias ProLegomena. 
 Huic igitur me plus, quam correctori acceptum referre 
 fateor; huic in hoc ipso maximo industriae doctrin- 
 aeque meae opere quod ad posteros perventurum 
 spero, meritas debitasque gratias, tanquam praemium 
 voluntate mea multo minus publice persolvo. 
 
 1839. 
 
 5. Luthenthum und Liigenthum. Ein offenes 
 Bekentniss beini Ueformationsjubilaum der Stadt 
 Leipzig, Grimma 1839. A plea for strict and genuine 
 Lutheranism. 
 
 1840. 
 
 6. Der Flligel des Engels. Eine Stimme aus der 
 Wuste im vierten Jubel-Fest-Jahre der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst, Dresden 1840. Maintains that the Lutheran 
 Church should have a part in the celebration of this 
 festival. " It should not appear as if its belief had 
 become old, its confession dumb, and that its literary 
 and symbolical confessors have died out." In this 
 book he begs the reader to overlook many obscure 
 things in his manner of writing. 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 1841. 
 
 7. 3nis ^v^*D* Eine Missionsrede, mit Bezugnalime 
 aiif die Judenverfolgungen zu Damaskus und Ehodus, 
 gehalten Dresden 1841. 
 
 8. Anekdota zur Geschiclite der mittelalterlichen 
 Scholastik unter Juden und Moslemen aus hebra- 
 iscben und arabiscben Handscbriften der Stadt und 
 Universitatsbibliotbek zu Leipzig, der Koniglicben 
 Bibliotbeken zu Dresden und Miincben und der 
 Waisenbausbibliotbek zu Halle, Leipzig 1841. 
 
 He found tbe MS. on wbicb tbe book was based as 
 he catalogued tbe Hebrew MSS. of tbe city library of 
 Leipzig in 1837. He was aided in the Avork by a 
 young Jewish scholar, Moritz Steinschneider, and also 
 by his teacher. Professor Fleischer. After fifty pages 
 of Prolegomena, the rest is in Hebrew, except twenty- 
 seven pages of Arabic, etc. 
 
 9. Philemon oder das Buch von der Freundschaft 
 in Christo. Den zerstreuten Bekennern des Herrn 
 zur Belebung und Ptcgelung ibrer Gemeinschaft gewid- 
 met, [ " Aufzeichnungen der Fraulein S. C. von 
 Klettenberg und ihres Freundes Kreises " ], Leipzig 
 1841; third ed. Gotha 1878. 
 
 1842. 
 
 10. Schatzkastlein geistlicher Sinngedichte und 
 Pieimsprliche auf alle Tage des Jahres zur Erweckung, 
 Uebung und Forderung des mit Christo in Gott 
 verborgenen Lebens. Gesammelt, augeordnet und 
 bevorwortet von Franz Delitzsch, Dresden 1842. 
 
 11. Wer Sind die Mystiker ? Eine griindliche 
 Belehruug iiber das was Mysticismus ist und nicht ist. 
 Gegen die Sprachverwirrung unserer Zeit, Leipzig 1842. 
 
 12. De Habacuci Prophaetae, etc. Editio auctior et 
 emendatior, Lipsiae 1842. 
 
 1848. 
 
 13. Der Prophet Habakuk, ausgelegt, Leipzig 1843. 
 
APPENDIX. 8 9 
 
 This was based on his studies in connection with his 
 dissertation, which was presented to the Theological 
 Faculty of Leipzig the preceding year, that he might 
 obtain permission to lecture, and which was entitled : 
 " De Habacuci Prophaetae Vita atque Aetate." 
 
 1844. 
 
 14. Das Sacrament des wahren Leibes und Blutes 
 Jesu Christi. Beicht- und Coramunion-Gebete von 
 Franz Delitzsch, Doctor der Philosophie, Licentiat 
 und Privatdocent der Theologie zu Leipzig, Dresden 
 1844. This is the book which Professor Luthardt 
 says was specially blessed, and in which Delitzsch 
 took almost more pleasure than in all his scientific 
 works put together. The seventh edition appeared, 
 Leipzig 1886. — Kohler. 
 
 1845. 
 
 15. Die biblische-prophetische Theologie, ihre Fort- 
 bildung durch Chr. A. Crusius und ihre neueste 
 Entwickelung seit der Christologie Hengstenbergs. 
 Historisch - Kritisch dargestellt, Leipzig 1845. An 
 important work for the literature oF Old Testament 
 Theology. 
 
 1846. 
 
 16. Symbolae ad Psalmos illustrandos isagogicae. 
 Disseritur I. de Psalmorum indole partim jehovica 
 partim elohimica; II. de Psalmorum ordine ejusque 
 causis ac legibus, Lipsiae 1846. 
 
 1847. 
 
 17. Vier Blicher von der Kirche. Seitensttick zu 
 Lohe's drei Blichern von der Kirche, Dresden 1847. 
 Dedicated to the Theological Faculty of Erlangen in 
 recognition of the degree of Doctor of Divinity which 
 had been conferred by them upon him. 
 
9 APPENDIX. 
 
 1849. 
 
 18. * Vom Hause Gottes oder der Kirclie. Katech- 
 ismus in drei Hauptstiicken, Dresden 1849. "The 
 evangelical independence with which the official 
 arrangements of the Apostolic Church are represented, 
 according to their very differing value for the kingdom 
 of God, and which are declared not to be a ' binding 
 law,' stands in edifying contrast with the new Popish 
 zeal of many Protestant contemporaries who seek to 
 apostolise the head and hair, but not the flesh and 
 blood of Christianity." — Strobel. 
 
 1851. 
 
 19. Das Hohelied untersucht und ausgelegt, Leipzig 
 1851. Maintains that it is a drama in six acts, and 
 that the idea of marriage is that of Canticles, and 
 hence that the mystery of marriage is its mystery. 
 
 1852. 
 
 20. * Die bayerische Abendmahlsgemeinschafts- 
 frage, Erlangen 1852. 
 
 21. Die Genesis ausgelegt von Franz Delitzscli, 
 Leipzig 1852. Maintains that there are two docu- 
 ments in the Pentateuch, which are to be distinguished 
 by the use of the divine names: the one is Mosaic, 
 the other is from the time of Joshua. Second edition, 
 185.3 ; third, 1868 ; fourth, 1872. 
 
 22. *Anweisunc( zu heilsamen Lesen der heiligen 
 Schrift. Sieben Piegelen gepredigt am siebenten 
 Sonntag nach Trinitatis, 1852 [Jahrestag der Erlanger 
 Bibelgesellschaft], Erlangen 1852. 
 
 1853. 
 
 23. Neue Untersuchungen liber Entstehung und 
 Anlage der kanoniscben Evangelien, Erster Theil. 
 Das Mattheus Evangelium, Leipzig 1853. 
 
 24. *Das Gebet und die Heidenmission. Predigt 
 liber Luc. vi. 12, 13 gehalten am Missionsfest in 
 Nurnberg den 21 Juni 1853, Nurnberg 1853. 
 
APPENDIX. 9 1 
 
 1855. 
 
 25. System der Biblischen Psychologie, Leipzig 
 1855 ; second ed. 1861. A System of Biblical 
 Psychology, Edinburgh, second English edition, 1879. 
 
 1857. 
 
 26. Commentar zum Brief e an die Hebriier mit 
 Archaologischen uiid Dogmatischen Excursen liber 
 das Oper und die Yersohnung. Commentary on the 
 Epistle to the Hebrews, Edinburgh, vol. i. 1868 ; 
 vol. ii. 1870. 
 
 1859-1860. 
 
 27. Die Akademische Amtstracht und ihre, Earben 
 1859. 
 
 28. Commentar liber den Psalter. . . . Erster Theil. 
 Uebersetzung und Auslegung von Psalm i.-lxxxix., 
 Leipzig 1859. Zweiter Theil. Uebersetzung und 
 Auslei^ung von Psalm xc.-cl. Nebst der Einleituni^ 
 in den Psalter und vielen Beilagen massorethischen 
 und accentuoloo'ischen Inhalts, Leipzig 1860 ; second 
 ed. 1867; third ed. 1873-74; fourth ed. 1883. 
 Biblical Commentary on the Psalms, vols, i.-iii., Edin- 
 burgh 1871. Translated from the second German 
 edition. Also a translation of the fourth edition, 
 vols. i.-iii., London 1887-89. 
 
 1861. 
 
 29. Handschriftliche Eunde. . . . Erstes Heft : Die 
 Erasmischen Entstellungen des Textes der Apo- 
 kalypse, Nachgewiesen aus dem Verloren Geglaubten 
 Codex lieuchlins. In connection with his name as 
 author of this work, all his titles are given, which is 
 quite unusual. * Zweites Heft : Xeue Studien liber 
 den Codex Pteuchlin's und neue textgeschichtliche 
 Aufschlilsse liber die Apocalypse. Mit Beitragen von 
 S. P. Tregelles. Year unknown. 
 
92 APPENDIX. 
 
 1863. 
 
 30. * Flir und wider Kahnis. 
 
 1864. 
 
 31. Biblischer Commentar liber die poetiscben 
 Biicher des Alten Testaments. II. Band: das Buch 
 Job, Leipzig 1864; second ed. 1876. Biblical Com- 
 mentary on the Book of Job, first English ed. Edin- 
 burgh 1866 ; second English ed. 1868. New edition 
 in course of preparation, with many alterations and 
 additions by Professor Delitzsch. Practically a third 
 edition of the original, Edinburgh 1891. 
 
 1866. 
 
 32. Biblischer Commentar iiber den Prophet Jesaia. 
 Mit Beitnigen von Prof. Dr. Fleischer und Consul D. 
 Wetstein, Leipzig 1866 ; second ed. 1869 ; third ed. 
 1879; fourth ed.^1889. Biblical Commentary on the 
 Prophecies of Isaiah, Edinburgh 1873. From fourth 
 edition 1889, with additions and corrections by the 
 author, Edinburgh and New York 1890, 2 vols. 
 
 1867. 
 
 33. Jesus und Hilel. Mit Piilsicht auf Kenan und 
 Geiger verglichen von Franz Delitzsch. 2te revid. 
 Auflage, Erlangen 1867 ; third ed. 1879. 
 
 1868. 
 
 34. Physiologic und ^lusik in ihrer Bedeutung fur 
 die Grammatik, besonders die hebraische. Eine 
 akademische Ptcde. Mit drei physikalischen Abbil- 
 ungen und einem musikalischem Beilage, Leipzig. 
 
 This treatise is of great interest, because some of 
 those who were opposed to the call of Professor 
 Delitzsch to Leipzig urged against him that he did 
 not possess a knowledge of Hel)rew grammar that 
 was sufficiently thorough. He chose, however, for his 
 inaugural address the subject named above, in which 
 
APPENDIX. 93 
 
 he sLowed that notwithstanding the important con- 
 tributions of Geseniiis, Ewald, Hupfeld, and Olshausen, 
 there were many questions concerning which the 
 grammarians indicated gave no satisfactory answers. 
 
 Dr. Merkel, who was present when this address was 
 delivered, testifies to the unusual impression which was 
 made by it. Zeitschrift fiir die gesammte lutherische 
 Theologie und Ivirche, Leipzig 1869, p. 283. 
 
 35. Handwerkerleben zur Zeit Jesu. Ein Beitrag 
 zur neutestamentlichen Zeitgeschichte, Erlangen 1868 ; 
 second ed. 1875 ; third ed. 1878. Jewish Artisan Life 
 in the Time of our Lord, to which is appended a 
 critical comparison between Jesus and Hillel, London 
 1877. Artisan Life, translated by Croll from the third 
 ed., Philadelphia 1883, and by Pick, New York 1883. 
 — Schaff. 
 
 1869. 
 
 36. System der christlichen Apologetik, Leipzig 
 1869. 
 
 1870. 
 
 37. Paulus des Apostels Brief an die Romer. Aus 
 dem Griechischen Urtext auf Grund des Sinai Codex 
 in das Hebraische ubersetz und aus Talmud und 
 Midrasch erlitutert, Leipzig 1870. 
 
 1871. 
 
 38. Ein Tag in Capernaum erzahlt, Leipzig 1871. 
 Delitzsch says in the preface (p. 7), that he moved and 
 lived in it lialf a year. He began to dictate it as he 
 was deprived for some weeks of the use of his eyes. 
 During the storms of war he found in it an asylum 
 for his thoughts. Second ed. 1873. 
 
 39. Studien zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Poly- 
 glottenbibel des Cardinals Ximenes. Als akadem. 
 Programm zur Eeformationsfeier der Universitat, 
 Leipzig 1871. 
 
94 APPENDIX. 
 
 1872. 
 
 40. Seliet welch ein Mensch ! Ein Christusbild, 
 Leipzig 1872. 
 
 1873. 
 
 41. Durch Kraiikheit zur Genesung. Eine jeru- 
 salemische Gescliiclite der Herodier - Zeit, Leipzig 
 1873. 
 
 In Xos. 38, 40, and 41, Professor Delitzscli gives 
 examples of his power in basing romances upon his 
 Talmudical and historical studies. 
 
 42. Das Salomonische Spruchbuch. Mit Beitragen 
 A^on Dr. Fleischer und Dr. Wetzstein, Leipzig 1873. 
 Biblical Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon, 
 Edinburgh 1874. 
 
 1875. 
 
 43. Hoheslied und Koheleth, Leipzig 1875. He 
 considers Ecclesiastes a post-Exilic book, one of the 
 youngest in the Canon. Commentary on the Song of 
 Songs and Ecclesiastes, Edinburgh 1877. 
 
 1877. 
 
 44. nn^y \Ychh p'' pw^ro u'pnv: n^rnnn nnan n^o 
 
 Leipzig 1877. Ten editions have thus far appeared. 
 
 1878. 
 
 45. Complutensische Yarienten zu dem alttesta- 
 mentliche Texte, Leipzig 1878. 
 
 1880. 
 
 46. Messianic Prophecies. Lectures l)y Franz 
 Delitzsch, Edinburgh 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 47. Old Testament History of Piedemption. Lectures 
 by Franz Delitzsch, Edinburgh 1881. 
 
 48. *Eohling'sTalmudjudebeleuchtet, 1881. Seven 
 editions in one year. — Schaff. 
 
APPENDIX. 9 5 
 
 1882. 
 
 49. Christen thiim unci jiidische Presse selbsterlebtes, 
 Erlangen 1882. He says he has no sympathy for the 
 anti-Semitic party. He does not discuss the Jewish 
 press, but rather a Judaised Christian >press. 
 
 1883. 
 
 50. *AYas Dr. Eohling beschworen hat und noch 
 beschworen will, Leipzig 1883. 
 
 51. The Hebrew New Testament of the British and 
 Foreign Bible Society. A Contribution to Hebrew 
 l^hilology, Leipzig 1883. 
 
 52. Schachmatt den Blutsiignern Eohling und Justus 
 entboten, Erlangen 1883. 
 
 1885. 
 
 53. Die Bibel und der Wein, Leipzig 1885. 
 
 1887. 
 54 Neuer Commentar liber die Genesis, Leipzig 
 
 1887. A New Commentary on Genesis, 2 vols., Edin- 
 burgh and New York 1889. 
 
 1888. 
 
 55. Iris, Farbenstudien und Blumenstucke, Leipzig 
 
 1888. Iris, Studies in Colour and Talks about Flowers, 
 Edinburgh 1890. 
 
 1890. 
 
 56. Messianische Weissagungen in Geschichtlicher 
 Folge, Leipzig 1890. Messianic Prophecies in His- 
 torical Succession, Edinburgh and New York 1891. 
 
 Y'ear LTnknown. 
 
 57. Judisch - Arabischer Poesien aus vormuham- 
 medischer Zeit. Ein Specimen aus Fleischer's Schule, 
 Leipzig. 
 
 No effort has been made to collect the titles of 
 articles in lieviews. Professor L^elitzsch himself gives 
 
90 APPENDIX. 
 
 <i list of his Talmudical studies, which appeared in 
 Guericke's Zeitschrift flir die gesamnite Lutherische 
 Theologie und Kirche, Leipzig 1840-1878, in his 
 appendix to " The Hebrew New Testament of the 
 British and Foreign Biljle Society," pp. 35, 3G. He 
 also refers, p. 37, to articles whicli appeared in Saat 
 auf Hoffnung, and whicli have a bearing on his 
 translation of the Xew Testament. Other articles 
 were published in Luthardt's Zeitschrift fur Kirchliche 
 Wissenschaft und Kirchliches Leben, Leipzig 1880, 
 etc., in Herzog and Plitt's Real-Encyklopadie, and in 
 Kiehm's Handworterbuch. In recent years articles 
 have been given to English readers in the Expositor 
 and the Sunday School Times. No mention is made 
 here of any of the works which he edited, as, for 
 instance, the Hebrew texts, by Dr. Baer. 
 
 MORRISON* AND GIBE, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH. 
 
^ist of Worfes 
 
 BY THE LATP: 
 
 Professor FRANZ DELITZ8CH, D.D, 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH. 
 
 In post 8vo, handsomely bound, price 6s., 
 
 IRIS: 
 
 5tutii£0 in Colour anU STalfeg about iFIoinets. 
 
 Translated by Rev. ALEXANDER CUSIN, M.A., Edinburgh. 
 
 CONTENTS :— Chap. I. The Blue of the Sky.— II. Black and White.— 
 III. Purple and Scarlet. — IV. Academic Official Robes and their 
 Colours. —V. The Talmud and Colours. — VI. Gossip about Flowers 
 and their Perfume. — VII. A Doubtful Nosegay. — VIII. The Flower- 
 Riddle of the Queen of Sheba.— IX. The Bible and Wine.— X. Danc- 
 ing and Criticism of the Pentateuch as mutually related. — XI. Love 
 and Beauty. — XII. Eternal Life : Eternal Youth. 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE. 
 
 ' The subjects of the following papers are old pet childi-en, which have 
 grown up with me ever since I began to feel and tliink. ... I have collected 
 them here under the emblematical name of IpvIS. The prismatic colours of 
 the rainbow, the brilliant sword-lily, that wonderful part of the eye which 
 gives to it its colour, and the messenger of heaven who beams with joy, 
 youth, beauty, and love, are all named Iris.' — Franz Dei.itzsch. 
 
 The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone writes : — ' I am glad that the discussion 
 of the colour sense has attracted a writer of such great authority, and one 
 who treats it with so much ability and care.' 
 
 ' A series of delightful lectures. . . . The pages sparkle with a gem-like 
 light.'— Scotsman. 
 
 ' We have found these chapters deeply interesting, and abounding witli 
 information. Lovers of colour will be charmed with those which deal with 
 the subject, and lovers of flowers Avill be equally in sympathy with the 
 venerable theologian in his x:)leasant talks about them.' — Literary World. 
 
 ' Is " Iris " worth this attractive binding 7 Yes ; the very best you can give 
 it. Nothing but an attractive cover would match the attractiveness of its 
 contents.' — The Expositd'y Timea- 
 
 * [over. 
 
T. and T. Clark's Publications. 
 
 WORKS BY PROFESSOR DELJTZSCH— continued. 
 
 ]n One Volume, 8vo, price 12s., 
 
 A SYSTEM OF BIBLICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 'This admirable volume ought to be carefully read by every thinking 
 clergyman.' — Literary Churchman. 
 
 In Two Volumes, 8vo, price 21s., 
 
 COMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLE TO THE 
 HEBREWS. 
 
 KEIL AND DELITZSCH'S 
 
 COMMENTARIES ON. AND INTRODUCTION TO, 
 THE OLD TESTAMENT. 
 
 ' This series is one of great importance to the biblical scholar, and 
 as regards its general execution it leaves little or nothing to be 
 desired.' — Edinburgh Review. 
 
 PSALMS, 3 Vols. . {Delitzsch). 
 
 PROVERBS, 2 Vols. (Delitzsch). 
 
 ECCLESIASTES and SONG 
 OF SOLOMON . {Delitzsch). 
 
 ISAIAH, 2 Vols. . {Delitzsch). 
 
 JEREMIAH AND LAMEN- 
 TATIONS, 2 Vols. . {Keil). 
 
 EZEKIEL, 2 Vols. . . {Keil). 
 
 DANIEL, 1 Vol. . . {Keil). 
 
 MINOR PROPHETS, 2 Vols. {Keil). 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 2 Vols. 
 PENTATEUCH, 3 Vols. . 
 JOSHUA, JUDGES, and 
 
 RUTH, 1 Vol. 
 SAMUEL, 1 Vol. . 
 KINGS, 1 Vol., and 
 
 CHRONICLES, 1 Vol. . 
 EZRA, NEHEMIAH, and 
 
 ESTHER, 1 Vol. 
 
 JOB, 2 Vols. 
 
 [Keil). 
 {Keil). 
 
 {Keil). 
 {Keil). 
 
 {Keil). 
 
 {Keil). 
 
 {Delitzsch). 
 
 THE above Series (published in Clark's Foreign Theological Library) is 
 now completed in 27 Volumes, and Messrs. Clark will supply any 
 Eight Volumes for Two Guineas (Complete Set, £7, 2s.). 
 
 Separate Volumes niay he had at the non- subscription jyr ice of 10s. <6d. each. 
 
 So complete a Critical and Exegetical Apparatus on the Old Testament 
 is not elsewhere to be found in the English language ; and at the present 
 time, when the study of the Old Testament is more widely extended than 
 perhaps ever before, it is believed this otter will be duly appreciated. 
 
 * Very high merit for thorough Hebrew scholarship, and for keen critical 
 sagacity, belongs to these Old Testament Commentaries. No scholar will 
 willingly dispense with them.' — British Quarterly Revieio. 
 
T. and T. Clark's PuhUcations. 
 
 WORKS BY PROFESSOR DELITZSCH— continued. 
 
 Now complete, in Two Vols. 8vo, price 21s., 
 
 A IVEW COMMENTARY ON GENESIS. 
 
 Note. — While preparing the translation, the translator was favoured by 
 Professor Delitzsch with such numerous improvements and additions, 
 that it may be regarded as made from a revised version of the New 
 Commentary on Genesis. 
 
 ' Thirty-five years have elapsed since Professor Delitzsch's Commentary on 
 Genesis first appeared ; fifteen years since the fourth edition was published in 
 1872. Ever in the van of historical and philological research, the venerable 
 author now comes forward with another fresh edition, in which he incorporates 
 what fifteen years have achieved for illustration and criticism of the text of 
 Genesis. . . . We congratulate Prof. Delitzsch on this new edition, and trust 
 that it may appear before long in an English dress. By it, not less than by 
 his other Commentaries, he has earned the gratitude of every lover of biblical 
 science, and we shall be surprised if, in the future, many do not acknowledge 
 that they have found; in ^it a welcome help and guide.'— Professor S. K. 
 Drfv^er in The Academy. 
 
 ' We wish it were in our power to follow in detail the contents of Dr. 
 Delitzsch's most interesting introduction, and to give specimens of the 
 admirable, concise, and lucid notes in his exposition ; but we have said 
 enough to show our readers oiir high estimate of the value of the work.' — 
 Church Bells. 
 
 ' The work of a reverent mind and a sincere believer; and not seldom there 
 are touches of great beauty and of spiritual insight in it.' — Ghmrdian. 
 
 Just published, in Two Vols., 8vo, price 21s., 
 
 BIBLICAL COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES 
 
 OF ISAIAH. 
 
 With an Introduction by Professor S. R. DRIVER, D.D., Oxford. 
 
 Note. — By special arrangement with the author, Messrs. Claek secured 
 
 the sole right of translation of this Fourth {and, last) Edition of his 
 
 ' Isaiah.' It is dedicated to Professors Cheyne and Driver of Oxford. 
 
 In his preface the author states that this Fourth Edition contains 
 
 the fruit of his continued labour, and that a thorough revisal of the 
 
 whole work has been made. 
 
 Canon Cheyne says: — ' Students of Isaiah will greet so early a translation 
 
 of Delitzsch's "Isaiah." . . . Prefixed to it is an intei'esting critical sketch 
 
 by Professor Driver, which will be a useful guide to students, not only of 
 
 this, but of the other works of the accomplished author.' 
 
 ' Delitzsch's last gift to the Christian Chiu'ch. ... In our opinion, those 
 who would enter into the meaning of that Spirit as He spake long ago by 
 Isaiah, words of comfort and hope which have not lost their significance to- 
 day, cannot find a better guide; one more marked by learning, reverence, 
 and insight, than Franz Delitzsch.' — Professor W. T. Davison in The 
 Expository Times. 
 
 ' Commentaries in Europe are not often republished after their author's 
 death, whatever is of permanent value in them being appropriated by their 
 successors. But it may be long before one undertakes the task of expounding 
 the Prophets possessing so many gifts and employing them so well.' — 
 Guardian. 
 
 [over. 
 
T. and T. Clark's Publications. 
 
 WORKS BY PROFESSOR DELITZ8CH— continued. 
 
 Just published, in crown 8vo, price 5s. 
 
 MESSIANIC PROPHECIES IN HISTORICAL 
 SUCCESSION. 
 
 Translated by SAMUEL IVES CURTISS, 
 
 PROFESSOR IN CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 
 
 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 This little volume is a fitting crown to the exegetical studies of Dr. 
 Delitzsch. From various points of view it is likely to be of unusual interest, 
 not only to those who have been accustomed to peruse his works, but also to 
 others. 
 
 The proofs of the original were read by the lamented author as he was 
 confined to his bed by his last illness, weak in body but clear in mind. The 
 l^reface, which he dictated five daj'-s before his departure, was his final literary 
 Avork. The last printed sheet was laid on his bed the day before he died. 
 
 Already the original has received high praise from ajipreciative scholars. 
 It is hoped that the translation may be foimd not unworthy of this legacy to 
 the cause of Jewish Missions by a revered teacher and friend. 
 
 The Expository Times 
 
 VOLUME I. {Price 4s.) 
 Contains Biographical Notices of the late 
 
 Professor FRANZ DELITZSCH, 
 
 BY 
 
 Professor S. R. DRIVER, D.D., Oxford. 
 Professor S. D. F. SALMON D, D.D., Aberdeen. 
 Professor OWEN 0. WHITEHOUSE, M.A., Cheshunt. 
 Rev. G. ELMSLIE TROUP, M.A., Broughty-Ferry. 
 
 ' The Expository Times ' is published Monthly, price 3d. 
 Annual Subscription (Post Free), 3s. 6d. 
 
 Edinburgh : T. & T. CLARK, 38 George Street. 
 
DATE DUE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CAYLORO 
 
 
 
 rniNTCOINUS.A. 
 
Theological Seminary-Sp«' '-'•'.'f'/, 
 
 1 1012 01042 8680