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THE COSMOPOLITAN.
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CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1904.
Frontispiece. Cyrus Cuneo 258
Poverty in the World's Greatest Metropolis. Illustrated.
LADY HENRY SOMERSET 259
The Diary of King Edward Vlll.
EDITED BY 267
The Oldest Republic in the World. iiiustr<ite<t.
HERBERT S. STONE 271
The Passing of Love, (poem.)
^ THEODOSIA GARRISON 278
The Odd and Eccentric in the Drama, illustrated.
HJALMAR HJORTH BOYESEN, 2d. 279
Captains of Industry. With portraits 289
F. AUGUSTUS HEINZE, CHARLKS JOSEPH BONAPABTE, WILLIAM
lUINEY HAKPER.
WM. R. STEWART, LYNN ROBY MEEKINS, ELLIOTT FLOWER.
The Food of the Gods. illustrated by Cyrus Cuneo.
HERBERT GEORGE WELLS 299
The End of an Idyl, sara beaumont Kennedy 314
Some Famous Hymns and Their Authors, illustrated.
LAURA GROVER SMITH 321
Childhood Through the Ages, illustrated.
LEO CLARETIE 329
Father, Son and Grandson, illustrated by Lester i{aij}h.
WILLIAM R. LIGHTON 337
The Chef and the " Owl's Nest." illustrated by Edmund
Frederick. CONSTANCE MAUD 347
The Dramatic History of South America.— Peru and the Pi-
zarros. illustrated.
CYRUS TOWNSEND BRADY 355
Theodor Mommsen. iVitu portrait.
FREDERIC WILLIAMS 363
A Judicial Puzzle, illustrated by Frank Verbeck.
ELLIOTT FLOWER 365
Making a Choice of a Profession.— Farming as an Occupa-
tion. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN 369
Duty. (POEM.) JAY ROGERS DICKINSON 371
Men, Women and Events 372
ELBERT HUBBARD. TOM MASSON, W^M. R. STEWART.
Great Events: Humor and Satire. By the World's Most
Fain ous Cartootiists.
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
By Laura Grover Smith.
ALL ages and all creeds have contributed paintings stand apart from the modern idea
to hymnology. For the most part, of Christian art. It was Gregory who sent
great religious poems have been written Augustine to England, and his choristers,
under strong excitement, either individual,
national or ecclesiastical. In the earliest
days of Christianity, under the fire of per-
secution, hymns were written, filled with
the joy and exaltation of martyrdom and
the gladness of the new religion.
The "Te Deum, " the greatest of all
songs of praise, was not in existence until
theyear A.D. 387. The story runs that Saint
Ambrose stood
before a Chris-
tian altar in
Milan. Saint
Augustine,
that most in-
teresting con-
vert to the new
faith, stood by
him; in joy of
the latter's con-
version. Saint
Ambrose bfoke
forth into
thanksgiving,
' ' We praise
Thee, Oh
God, " and
Saint Augus-
tine, inspired
likewise, an-
swered, "All
the earth doth
worship Thee,
the Father
Everlasting."
It is told that
these two men
THOMAS MOUKE, ATIHCIR (IF CO.MK, \ [■. IHSCO.NSOL AT t,
E'ER YE LANGUISH."
with their plaintive music, gained many
converts to the new religion. Not only
did Gregory compose music, but he wrote
the words as well. To him we owe the
"Veni, Creator, spiritus" ("Come, Holy
Ghost, our souls inspire").
Saint John of Damascus was a Bishop
of the Greek Church in the eighth century,
lie was the author of one of our finest
Easter hymns,
which has been
translated by
Doctor Neale :
"The Day of
Resurrection,
Earth tell it out
abroad,
The Passover of
gladness,
The Passover of
God."
This same
good Bishop,
Saint John of
Damascus,
placed his
nephew. Saint
Stephen, in the
monastery Mar
Saba, which
stands on a
high cliff over-
hanging the
valley of the
Ivivcr Kedron.
The cells and
sang alternately the verses of this great chapels are cut in the rocks.
hymn before the altar. It is to-day, as it
has been for centuries, the church's voice
of joy and praise. Some authorities, how-
ever, place the writing of the "Te Deum"
in the sixth century.
To Gregory the Great, once a Roman
senator, later a monk, and still later a Pope
of Rome, the world owes much of the
beauty of devotional music; the Gregorian
Saint John of Damascus retired also to
this monastery with his foster brother.
Saint Cosma, and they, with Saint Stephen,
composed hymns. Greatly loved is the
well-known hymn by Saint Stephen, writ-
ten eleven centuries ago:
"Art thou weary, art thou languid,
Art thou sore distrest ? ' '
The "Dies Ira-" is perhaps the most
music, with its monotone, stands apart from tragic of all hymns, and was written in the
other church music, as the early Christian thirteenth century liy Thomas of Celano.
322
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
J
si,|:>::?^,:^^
CHAKl.E'i WKSLEV,
AUTHOR 0F"JF-S('S, LOVIiR
OF MY sour,."
Tlicre have bien
many translations
which exist in differ-
ent hvmnals. The
best one is by Doctor
lions. His transhi-
tion begins: "Day
of wrath 1 Oh, day
of inourniiiL;' !'" An-
other of the early
hymns, wiitten in
Latin by Thoodoiph and translated by
Doctor Neale, is:
"All glory, laud and honor
To thee, Redeemer King!
To whom the lips of children
Made sweet hosannas ring."
Theodolph was the Bishop of Orleans
about the year 800. He was accused of
treason and was put into prison. The King
lury wrote four of our most beautiful
hymns. At tliat time this monastery was
at the height of its powers and in it were
both scholarly men and men of great
wealth.
Bernard knew well the vices and follies
of his day, and in a satire upon them are
the four religious poems, whicdi hnve been
translated, and are rich treasures of English
hymn-books. They are:
"The world is very evil,
The times are waxing late."
"For thee, O dear, dear cauntry,
Mine eyes their vigils keep."
"Jerusalem the Golden, with milk and honey
blest."
"Brief life is here our portion."
For several hundred years after this there
were very few hymns written.
HATH ADIil'.V CAiniaJKAL CHURCH OK DISHOP KKN.
was passing the prison one Palm Sunday:
Theodolph was looking through the bars
of his cell windows, and as he rode by, the
old Bisho]) sang the first verse of this hymn.
It pleased the King, and he ordered it sung
on every succeeding Palm Sunday, and also
released the singer from jn'ison.
Bernard of Cluny, an English monk in a
French monastery, early in the twelfth ceu-
"With the Reformation came also a re-
naissance in hymn-writing. Luther was
the first to realize that music and song were
valuable helps in religions warfare. lie
called for poets to write spiritual songs in
German, demanding that the "words be
quite plain and common, such as the com-
mon people may understand, yet puie and
skilfully handled." There are many
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND 7HE/R AUTHORS.
323
AUGUSTUS M. TOPLAIJV,
AUTHOR OF "ROCK OF AGES, CLEFT FOR ME."
REGINALD HEBER,
AUTHOR OF " FROM GREENLAND'S ICY MOUNTAINS."
translation.s of Luther's hymn, "Ein fester is.,ao Watts's childhood was spent in the
Burg ist unserGott." The one in com- midst of religious excitement which influ-
mon use is: enced his entire life. Plis father was every
"A tower of strength our God is still, now and then put into prison for holding to
A shield and sure defender." his relisious views, and the mother, so the
The religious excitement and enthusiasm old story-books tell us, would sit on the
which prevailed in England at the time of prison steps holding the little Isaac in her
the Wesleys inspired many hymn- writers, arms.
Isaac Watts really belongs to the Wesley Political affairs brightened when William
epoch, although he
was born thirty
years before Charles
Wesley, who shares
with him the distinc-
tion of having writ-
ten the largest num-
ber of hymns in use
to-day. Surely
Watts well earned
the epitaph one reads
on his tomb:
"Isaac Watts, the
Father of the Eng-
lish Ilymn."
He was born at
Southampton, Eng-
land, and his father
was a deacon of a
Congregational
Church. These were
stormy days for Non-
conformists, and
JOHN KEBLE, AUTHOR OF THE CHRISTIAN YEAR,
A COLLECTION OF POEMS AND HYMNS.
of Orange came over,
but this poetic child
had imbibed theol-
ogy and religious
emotion with his
mother's milk in the
stormy dnys of his
infancy.
Walts never mar-
ried. The woman
he loved jilted him,
which saddened his
life; notwithstanding
which his character
is very lovable with
its sorrow, pathos and
gentleness. He loved
chiklren dearly, and
while he was tutor
in Sir John Hart-
upp's family he
wrote that sweet old
lullaby :
324
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
:^^^
WM. COVVPliU, All 1 H(JK <lh ■ 1 HEKK IS A FOUNTAIN
FILLr.n WITH BLOOD."
"Hush, my dear, lie still and slumber."
Two other nursery rliymes which he
wrote have ever been used with stern moral
effect :
" Let dogs delight to bark and bite,"
and
"How doth the little busy bee employ each shining
hour."
Isaac 'Watts became an Independent min
ister. but was ill so much of his life that
his good works were chiefly his pious verse,
lie had a dear friend, Sir Thomas Abney,
whom he went to visit for one week.
What Watts said of this visit thirty years
later is characteristic of his simplicity :
"This day thirty years I came hither to the
house of my good friend Sir Tliomas Abney
intending to spend but one single week,
but under his friendly roof I liave extended
my visit to the length of exactly thirty
years."
To Watts we owe that great requiem
liymii of wiiicli an English wiiier has said.
"It has been sung over the graves of our
fathers for three hundred years" —
"O God, our help in ages past,
Our hope in years to come."
The father of the remarkable Wesley
family, whose many children i)layed im-
portant parts in the world's history, was
vicar of a ])arish in Epworth, Lincolnshire.
Charles Wesley was the youngest in that
family of nineteen cliildren. All the
Wesley family were given to pious versifi-
cation, especially Charles, whose record
was six thousand hymns.
Contemporary with the Wesley family
was Augustus M. Toplady, whose great gift
to hymnology is "Rock of Ages, Cleft for
Me." Toplady's father was a major in
the English army, and from him he doubtless
inherited his impetuous nature. When he
was graduatetl fiom the University of Dub-
lin and signed his ordination papers, in
order to show his extreme earnestness and
devotion, he signed his name live times.
Toplady and the Wesleys lived in bitter
times, and they were lifelong enemies.
The former wrote volume after volume of
controversy, all of which have passed into
oblivion, so far as they concern our day,
and his one immortal work is that great
liynin. It is said that he was walking in
the country one day when a great storm
arose and he found shelter in the cleft of
a rock, and this inspired the poem.
The Doxology is the last stanza of a
morning hymn written by Bishop Ken.
The first stanza begins:
"Awake, my soul, and with the sun."
The last stanza stands apart now, and of
it may be said that it is one of the greatest
short hymns of praise. As it was first
written, the Doxology read:
"Praise God from whom all blessings flow ;
Praise Him all creatures here below ;
Praise Him above, ye angelic host ;
Praise Father, Son and Holy Ghost."
ISAAC WAI IS, AUTHOR OF ' O (iOI), DTK HFI.P IN
AGF.S PAST."
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
325
Bishop Ken's life, according to ]\Iacau-
lay, "approached as near as human infirm-
ity permits to the ideal perfection of Chris-
tian virtue." He was born in 163T, and
was graduated from New College, Oxford.
His sister was the wife of Izaak Walton,
the gentle fisherman, and with them he
lived. After his college life, he went to
Holland as chaplain of the Princess May,
but he criticized the immorality of the
court and was sent back to England.
When he was prebendary at Winchester,
King Charles H. wanted to bring Nell
Gwynne to him, l)ut he declined to receive
sing his hymns to his own music on the lute
or the spinet. Bishop Ken's evening hymn
is as well known as the morning hymn :
"All praise to Thee, my God, this night,
For all the blessings of the light."
According to Bishop Ken's own wish,
he was buried at sunrise at the east end of
the chancel of the church, and his morn-
ing hymn was sung:
"Awake, my soul, and with the sun
Thy daily stage of duty run."
What was called the "Oxford Move-
ADDISON S W.iLK, MAGDALEN' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
her. The King, because he respected the
good man, afterward gave him the bish-
opric of Bath. He was imprisoned in
the Tower, for he was one of the seven
Bishops who refused to read the Declara-
tion of Indulgence. After leaving the
Tower, he was again deprived of his see
and nothing was left to him but "his
lute, Greek Testament and a sorry old
horse." He was the confessor of Charles
H., and of him the King once said, "I
must go and have Ken tell me my faults."
Bishop Ken was a fine musician, and used to
inent" inspired hymn- writers, in the same
way that the revival of Wesley's time had,
a hundred years before.
John Keble and Frederick William Faber
were both influenced by the earnest thought
of that time, and went separate ways;
Keble remaining in the Church of England
and Faber going to the Church of Rome.
John Keble's father was a clergyman of
the Church of England. The son was sent
to Oxford and was graduated from Corpus
Christi College in 1810. He was a bril-
liant scholar and honors poured upon him.
326
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
He was ordained,
and later succeeded
his father as Vicar
of Fairford. He was
a great friend of
Cardinal Newman's,
and to a certain point
they held the same
religious views.
Keble's life was
less stormy and event-
ful than Faber's, and
in the quiet of an
English vicarage he
wrote "The Chris-
tian Year," which
immediately became
the most popular de-
votional book. It is
a curious fact that
Keble lived to revise
the ninety-si.xth edi-
tion. In this book
JOSEPH ADDISON, AUTHOR OK IBE SPACIOUS
FIRMAMENr ON HIGH."
made a tour of the
Continent, and be-
came much interested
in the Roman Cath-
olic Church, and early
after his return he
announced to his
congregation his in-
tention of becominji
a Roman Catholic,
and was soon a priest
of that chuich. His
hymns are extremely
devotional.
Another beautiful
liymn was indirectly
the outcome of that
same time. "Lead,
Kindly Light, Amid
the Encircling
Gloom," was written
by John Henry New-
man short Iv before be
are hymns for all the seasons and days of entered the Roman Catholic Church, and
the year. Among Keble's hymns found in it undoubtedly voiced his own longing for
most hymnals are: light to lead him on.
"Sun of my soul, Thou Savior dear," "^^ ^^"^ ^^en in Italy and was returning
and the wed-
ding hymn.
"The voice that
breathed o'er
Eden."
Frederick
William Faber
wasalso theson
of a Church
of England
clergy in a n .
He was a Bal-
liol College
man at Ox-
ford, and was
graduated with
high honors.
While at O.x-
ford he came
under the in-
fluence of John
Henry New-
man. After
his ordination
as priest in
the Church of
England, he
HISTIOl' lvl;N, AinilOK OK TIIK, DOXOLOCV.
to England.
After a stormy
time in the
Mediterranean,
the ship was
becalmed for a
week and it
was there that
lu^ wrote this
liynin.
Tliis hymn
is a favorite at
seances and the
spiritualists
sing it with
great fervor,
em phasiz i ng
the two lines:
"And with the
morn those angel
faces smile,
Which I have
loved long since
and lost awhile."
The writer
of "Nearer,
My God, to
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
327
JOHN H. NEWMAN, AUTHOK OK
LIGHT. "
LEAU, KINDLV
Thee," Sarah Francis Adams, is one of the
few women who have written hymns. She
was the daughter of a Benjamin Flower,
who was the editor of a newspaper in Cam-
bridge, England. Mrs. Adams was a Uni-
tarian, and her pastor in London was the
Rev. William Johnson Fox. He eompiled
a volume of hymns and anthems to which
Mrs. Adams contributed thirteen hymns,
and her sister sixty-two tunes. Mrs.
Adams' life was given up largely to the
care of an invalid sister, whom she survived
only two years.
A grand hymn is that one for Palm
Sunday by Tteginald Heber :
"Ride on, ride on, in majesty,
In lowly pomp ride on to die."
Bishop Ileber was one of the first
bishops that the English Church sent to
India, and he is said to have baptized the
first native. He was born in 1783 and
was a graduate from Brasenose College,
Oxford. His was a beautiful chnracter,
and he died at his post from the ellect
of the heat in India. His liymns are
among the treasures of hymnology. His
life in the East gave to his writing Ori-
ental imagery, and one can almost see the
tall palms and smell the cinnamon-groves.
Heber wrote "From Greenland's Icy
Mountains" in England. He was spend-
ing Sunday with a fellow clergyman; a
special offering had been asked for missions
and his friend begged him to write some-
thing for the dav. Heber sat overlookin<j
a peaceful English landscape and wrote that
famous hymn, which has been translated
into more languages than any other.
The Rev. Henry Francis Lyte wrote
"Abide With Me," under most pathetic
circumstances. He was a curate of a
church on the Devonshire coast of England.
He was very ill with consumption and the
care of his parish was a trying burden.
It was said of him that "he made hymns
for the little ones, hymns for the hardy
fishermen, and hymns for the sufferers like
himself." Ill health compelled him to
leave his parish, and, after a touching serv-
ice with his people, he dragged himself
to his room, and in a few hours had writ-
ten the hymn :
"Abide with me, fast falls the eventide.
The darkness deepens, Lord, with me abide "
F. W. FABEK, ADTHOR OI" ' O 1'AKADISe! O
paradise'. "
328
SOME FAMOUS HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.
He was taken to the south of France
and in a few months died. His grave is
in the cemetery at Nice, and many trav-
elers go there to place flowers upon it, in
memory of his brave and sad young life.
Among the hymns by Lyte are:
"Jesus, I my Cross have taken,
All to leave and follow Thee."
"Pleasant are Thy courts above."
"Far from my Heavenly home. '
Conspicuous among men who have been
great in other tields of literature and have
also written hymns, is Addison. When
he was writing for the "Spectator,"' lie
Knowing the sadness of his life, one
understands his hymns much better. It is
said that during an attack of melancholy
he decided he would kill himself. He
was to drive to a certain spot, but, the
driver failing to find it. he was diverted
from his purpose and on his return to his
home he wrote :
"God moves in a mysterious way
His wonders to perform.'
Other hymns by Cowpcr are:
"Oh. for a closer walk with God,
A calm and heavenly frame."
"There is a fountain filled with blood."
Alexander Pope wrote that stirring
hymn :
"Rise, crowned with light, imperial Salem, rise,
Exalt thy towering head and lift thine eyes.
See Heaven its sparkling portals wide display,
And break upon thee in a flood of day."
PARISH cm KCH \l IIKIXIIAM, OF WHICH HENRY FRANCIS LVTK WAS CURAIE.
contributed religious poems week by week,
and of these several are classics in our
hymnals to-day. The first is that glorious
hymn, "The Spacious Firmament on High. "
Another hymn of Addison's is "The Lord
My Pasture Siiall Prepare."
Poor, melancholy, mad Cowper, whose
soul was so tortured with religious fears and
doubts, wrote many hymns. It was a life of
misery with occasional gleams of sanity,
when he would enjoy life and the friendship
of those to whom he was always so dear.
Tom Moore, the writer of love-songs and
Irieiid of Byron, wrote thirty-five religious
])()('ms, which proves he was surely a man
of contradictory genius. That old favorite
in all hymnals was written by him:
"Come, ye disconsolate, where'er ye languish."
There have been many contributions to
hymnology within the last fifty years by
American writers, so large a number that
it is impossible to mention them within the
scope of this article.