Report 
 
 of a visit to 
 
 Japan, China and 
 
 the Phillippine Islands 
 
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 PRESENTED BY 
 
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 REPORT 
 
 of a Visit to 
 
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 Japan, China and 
 the Phillippine Islands 
 
 with Recommendations on Aims and Policies 
 
 by 
 
 SAMUEL STRICKLER HOUGH 
 
 Secretary Foreign Mission Board 
 
 The Foreign Missionary Society 
 
 United Brethren in Christ 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 
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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2009 with funding from 
 
 Princeton Theological Seminary Library 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/reportofvisittojOOhoug 
 
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Report of a Visit to 
 
 Japan, China, and the Philippine Islands 
 
 With Recommendations on Aims and Policies 
 By S. S. Hough, Secretary 
 
 To the Bishops and Board of Directors of the Foreign Mis- 
 sionary Society of the United Brethren in Christ : 
 
 Dear Co-workers: In obedience to your instructions to 
 visit our missions in Japan, South China, and the Philippine 
 Islands. I left Dayton' Ohio, October 9, 1911, and on October 
 17, Bishop William M. Bell, D.D., and the writer departed 
 from San Francisco on the steamship "Manchuria" for Hong- 
 kong, China. On arriving at Honolulu, the reports in the 
 daily papers indicated that the revolution in China had gained 
 alarming proportions, and it then seemed doubtful if a satisfac- 
 tory visit could be made this year in China. Because of this 
 and for personal reasons, one of which was the severe illness 
 of his father, which a few months later resulted in his death, 
 Bishop Bell felt it to be the will of God that he should return 
 to America. It is needless to say that Bishop Bell's return 
 from Honolulu was to me a very heavy personal loss, and a 
 great disappointment to all the missions. 
 
 When a thousand miles from Japan, I sent Dr. Howard a 
 wireless message to investigate conditions at Canton, China. 
 Two days later when three hundred miles out from Yokohama, 
 I received the following reply: "Canton postponed. Welcome 
 Japan." All South China at that time was in the crisis of the 
 revolution, and no one could predict what a day would bring 
 forth. 
 
 Accordingly Japan was the first field visited. Our ship 
 landed at Yokohama, November 3, and a royal welcome was 
 extended by both missionaries and Japanese workers. For one 
 month and three days we visited our various mission stations, 
 counseled with our missionary staff and our Japanese pastors 
 and laymen, and conferred with those in authority in other 
 communions concerning their work, and thus sought to get 
 a complete view of the work alreadv done and of what remains 
 to be done to make Christianity a dominant force in Japan. 
 
 Marvels in Korea. 
 
 Then from December 6 to December 13, I made a hasty 
 trip at niv own expense to Korea to see and study the remark- 
 
 A^f>hn 
 
able work of God in the cities of Seoul and Pyeng Yang. 
 As this will be the only reference I shall make to Korea in 
 this report, I will say in brief that while there I witnessed 
 a revival in full power and saw the definite personal work on 
 the part of individual Christians that not only brings multi- 
 tudes to the various services of the church, but leads many 
 to Jesus Christ. 
 
 I had a personal interview with three men who in 1898, 
 had been arrested and cast into an old, filthy prison because 
 they had caught a vision of new possibilities for their op- 
 pressed, poverty-stricken country, and had stood out for free- 
 dom and reform. These men were not professing Christians 
 when arrested. About two hundred in all were cast into 
 prison, two were executed, others horribly tortured, some until 
 their bones were broken, and this persecution continued from 
 two to six years. 
 
 I was dined by a prisoner named Syngman Rhee, who 
 after two years of torture began to think of the future and 
 wondered if that too, would be a prison for him. He remem- 
 bered that a missionary had said there is a God who would 
 deliver all who called upon him in sincerity. He bowed his 
 head over the prison collar of wood about his neck and prayed, 
 "O God, save my country and save my soul." Peace and power 
 from God came into his life. 
 
 Later, a New Testament and copies of Pilgrim's Progress 
 and Mr. Moody's booklets were sent secretly to the prison. 
 The jailer himself was converted and likewise forty of the 
 other prisoners, and the old prison became a Bible training 
 school of wonderful power for the new converts. 
 
 God led them all out of prison, and soon set them to 
 work ; and to-day those prison converts are the chief Christian 
 leaders in Korea. Mr. Syngman Rhee, the first prison convert, 
 went to America and took his A.M. degree at Harvard and 
 Ph.D. at Princeton, and is now the National Student Secre- 
 tary of the Young Men's Christian Association for all Korea. 
 
 Mr. Kim In, another prison convert, who was former 
 Chief of Police of the city of Seoul, after coming from prison 
 was offered the governorship of one of the thirteen provinces 
 of Korea, but chose rather to become General Secretary of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association for Korea, at a much 
 smaller salary. 
 
 Possibly the most remarkable of all these prison converts 
 is Yi Sang Chai, who was converted in prison when above fifty 
 years of age. He is said to be the best informed and most 
 influential of all the Koreans, having been secretary of the 
 legation in Washington, D. C. This remarkable prison con- 
 vert is now religious work director of tlie Young- Men's Chris- 
 
tian Association at Seoul, and is a Bible student and personal 
 worker of the first rank. Thousands of men have been led to 
 Christ through his personal efforts., and last year under his 
 direction four thousand men were enrolled in Bible classes 
 in the city of Seoul. 
 
 Everywhere in Korea one can witness scenes like those 
 described in the Acts of Apostles. The teachers in their col- 
 leges and seminaries, the pastors, the Sunday-school teachers, 
 and practically all the members of the church do definite per- 
 sonal work in soul-winning, and make the study of the Bible a 
 personal daily practice, and the spirit of earnest prayer to 
 God permeates all their activities. 
 
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 Map Showirg Route of Deputation to the Orient. 
 
 The Tour of China and the Philippines. 
 
 Desiring to make a thorough investigation and reach 
 the best solution of the problems in China and the Philippines, 
 I had requested Dr. Howard who has had many years of 
 experience and observation in the Orient, to accompany me to 
 these fields. The Mission Council in Japan kindly granted 
 him a leave of absence for two and a half months for this 
 special work. After my brief visit in Korea, Dr. Howard 
 joined me at Nagasaki,' on December 14, on the steamship 
 "Tenyo Maru" and we journeyed by way of Shanghai to 
 Hongkong, where we were met by Rev. Mr. Spore on Decem- 
 ber I9, and taken by night boat to Canton. We found all 
 South China had been swept free of the Manchus, and peace 
 negotiations were then in progress at Shanghai. 
 
 After a welcome most cordial from the missionaries and 
 their associates in Canton, and a tour of one hundred and 
 twenty-five miles in the visitation of our stations in the coun- 
 try, we had many days of missionary counsel and investigation 
 which culminated in the China Annual Conference. On Jan- 
 uary 19, we sailed for the Philippines on steamship "Kumano 
 Maru." arriving at Manila fifty hours later. 
 
It was a great joy to be greeted so heartily by our mis- 
 sionaries and their co-laborers in a country over which the 
 Stars and Stripes were floating in the uttermost parts of the 
 earth ! After extended tours along the coast and into the 
 mountains, visiting many mission stations, several days were 
 given to the discussion of the work in mission council. In 
 order to prepare for the approaching annual conference in 
 Japan, Dr. Howard left Manila, February 10. After fourteen 
 days more of travel and investigation, and the holding of the 
 Philippine Annual Conference, I found it necessary to return 
 to America bv way of the Pacific in order to save time and 
 tc^ have a second visit in China and Japan to complete the 
 work begun. 
 
 Accordingly, I departed from Manila, February 24, on the 
 steamship "Mongolia" for San Francisco. AVhile this ship 
 was undergoing repairs for six days in Hongkong, I had the 
 opportunity of a second visit to Canton and vicinity, during 
 which time we reviewed the entire work passed upon in the 
 previous council meetings and had time to take a more ex- 
 tended tour to places as yet unoccupied by Christian workers. 
 Then bidding adieu to the workers in China I was accom- 
 panied by Dr. and Mrs. Oldt and their children Maxwell and 
 Mary Ruth returning home on furlough. We departed from 
 Hongkong, on March 3. A second council meeting was held 
 in Japan, while our ship was in the ports of Kobe and Yoko- 
 hama, and on March 14, we set sail for San Francisco, arriving 
 there, March 30. After pleasant meetings in our churches in 
 Los Angeles, Denver, Omaha, and Chicago, I arrived in Day- 
 ton, Ohio, in good health, April 9, just six months after my 
 departure for the Orient, having traveled by steamship, rail- 
 road, automobile, jinrikisha, carromatas, ox-cart, horse back, 
 and on foot, all told, twenty-six thousand miles. Thanks be 
 to God for his unfailing goodness and guidance, fulfilling again 
 Psalms 121, "J^^^ovah will keep thy going out and thy coming 
 in." 
 
 The Controlling Purpose of the Visit. 
 
 The supreme aim of the visit in all the fields was to see 
 the whole situation from the viewpoint of experienced mis- 
 sionaries and native pastors. 
 
 While it was necessary to study in detail the work of the 
 various stations, and to have frequent conferences with the 
 Christian workers in other churches to get as clear a view as 
 possible of the entire work already accomplished in the several 
 fields, and also a knowledge of those methods and agencies 
 whereby the several missions have reached their best results ; 
 yet, the one controlling purpose of all the investigations was a 
 
thorough study of the relation of our own Board at home to 
 the .Mission Council abroad, and of the Mission Council to the 
 native church, so as to adopt such principles and methods 
 of work as shall develop the strongest possible native churches 
 and native institutions, and place our work abroad in such an 
 attitude of cooperation with other missions as to lead our 
 workers to see the problems, and catch the vision and the 
 inspiration of the entire work. 
 
 In order to have the widest range of facts available as a 
 guide in our council meetings. I sought definite information 
 before leaving America from the secretaries of various mission 
 boards that are conducting missions in the Orient, concerning 
 their problems, their methods of work, and their victories in 
 these fields. Then during the entire trip while on sea and 
 land, I had interviews with many missionaries, heads of 
 educational institutions, Y. M. C. A. secretaries, agents of 
 the Bible societies, and business men about every phase 
 of Christian work. I was especially privileged to have two 
 weeks of daily association on ship board with Bishop Bashford 
 who has spent eight years in China, and I had extended inter- 
 views with Bishop Oldham of the Philippines, Bishop Harris 
 of Korea, and Bishop Honda of Japan who has since finished 
 his course and received' his reward. These various conferences 
 were most illuminating, and furnished a general view of the 
 present conditions and movements of the kingdom of God in 
 the Far East. 
 
 To our own missionaries, I submitted in advance, forty- 
 four leading topics and questions for investigation. These 
 covered the various phases of the relation of the Mission 
 Council to the native church and to the home Board, also the 
 personal problems of the missionaries, their method of book- 
 keeping, auditing accounts, and of making out their annual 
 budget for the work; how to make the native churches still 
 more powerful in soul-winning and in self-support, the educa- 
 tional institutions necessary for the training of a larger force 
 of native ministers; likewise a definite statement of the terri- 
 torv belonging to us as yet unoccupied, and the American 
 and native forces necessary to evangelize the same ; also the 
 equipment and buildings necessary to fully occupy our several 
 fields, together with a statement on the question of cooperation 
 with other societies in union educational and medical work. 
 
 As the result of these inquiries we have a large amount 
 of information, much of which, because of the brevity of this 
 report, cannot be included here, but the same has been filed 
 in the ofifice for future reference. 
 
JAPAN 
 
 The sea voyage of seventeen days from San Francisco 
 was an excellent preparation for the new experiences and 
 sights in Japan, 
 
 "Where beauty, age, and mystery 
 Combine themselves in one." 
 
 The people of Japan are most active and aggressive. Fifty 
 years ago they cut loose from the policy of isolation, and 
 launched forth into the world's work with other strong nations, 
 and they have since been reckoned with as a strong factor in 
 commerce, in education, and in military strength. Everybodv 
 has been surprised again and again at the ability of the Jap- 
 anese to assimilate western ideas and apply them in transform- 
 ing their own country. It is surprising to witness the recon- 
 struction that is now going on. To prepare for the advent of 
 street cars I saw the houses for miles and miles along narrow 
 congested streets torn down, the streets broadened and paved, 
 and modern buildings being constructed. 
 
 The population of Japan fifty years ago was thirty millions. 
 It is now fifty millions, and is still increasing rapidlv. Her 
 people cannot gain a livelihood by opening up new agricul- 
 tural districts, for only from twelve to fourteen per cent, 
 of the entire area of Japan is susceptible of cultivation. So 
 the Japanese have been forced to enter upon a period of indus- 
 trial and commercial activity. New industries are being 
 fostered in many places, and a most aggressive commercial 
 policy has been adopted, and already Japanese freight and 
 passenger steamships dominate the Orient, and their lines run 
 out to Australia, South Africa, and South America, as well aS' 
 to India, Great Britain, and the United States. 
 
 Japan has caught a vision of her possibilities in commerce ; 
 she has discovered her intellectual ability, as her splendid 
 schools testify ; she has become proud and ambitious on ac- 
 count of her military achievements ; but the great discovery, 
 namely, that Jesus Christ and his kingdom should be over all 
 and first of all. has not yet enriched the millions in lapan. 
 
 Missionary Work in Japan. 
 
 It seems incredible that but fiftv years ago notice boards 
 were standing on the highways of lapan announcing that 
 Christianity is a forbidden religion. Through the fatal blunder 
 on the part of Roman Catholic missionaries three centuries 
 ago the Japanese government was led to believe that they 
 were seeking to. get control of the state. 
 
Accordingly, in 1614, an edict was issued that all mem- 
 bers of religious orders, whether of European or Japanese, 
 should be sent out of the country. The persecutions of Chris- 
 tians that followed were most horrible. Some were hurled from 
 the top of precipices, others buried alive ; some were torn 
 asunder by oxen ; others tied up in rice bags and heaped to- 
 gether and the pile thus formed being set on fire ; others were 
 tortured before death by the insertion of sharp spikes under 
 the nails of their hands and feet, and thus by this cruel and 
 unrelenting persecution within a few years all visible traces 
 of Christianity were stamped out. The rank and file in 
 Japan even to-day hold secret misgivings concerning the real 
 purpose of Christianity. 
 
 But a wonderful change is coming. Religious liberty has 
 been written in the constitution of the nation, and the Bible 
 which fifty years ago was an unknowai book, is now printed 
 and scattered far and wide through two strong Bible societies 
 by all the missionary agencies. 
 
 During my visit in Japan, the fiftieth anniversary of Dr. 
 John H. Ballagh's w^ork as a missionary was celebrated in a 
 most impressive manner. The occasion brought out the oldest 
 men in missionary work and the strongest leaders in the Prot- 
 estant churches in Japan, both Japanese and foreign mission- 
 aries. Dr. Ballagh is the first missionary to pass fifty years 
 of service in Japan. This unique occasion took us across 
 almost the entire period of missionary activity, and impressed 
 one strongly with the growth and present strength of Protes- 
 tant Christianity in the country. Fifty years ago there was 
 not a Protestant Christian in Japan, while to-day they are 
 found in every walk of life, members of parliament, judges, 
 professors in universities, editors of papers, and officers in 
 the army. 
 
 Dr. Ballagh had been in Jai)an ten years before the first 
 Protestant church was organized with twelve members. There 
 are now over six hundred organized churches and nearly a 
 thousand other churches not yet fully organized. There 
 are twelve hundred Sunday schools wnth ninety thousand 
 teachers and pupils, and the native churches contributed last 
 year for their own support about one hundred and forty 
 thousand dollars. The growth in the church membership has 
 been as follows : In 1882, 4,361 : 1900. 42.461 ; and at the 
 present time 80.000 are enrolled in Japanese Protestant 
 churches. 
 
 But the power of Christianity is far greater than these 
 figures would indicate. There are no mass movements in 
 Japan such as are found in India. The nation is everything, 
 the individual is out of sight. Because of the solidarity of the 
 
Japanese nation and the handicap put on Christian education 
 by the government in the past, every inch of advance had to 
 be made by winning individuals one at a time away from 
 prejudice and superstition. Hence, the victories achieved rep- 
 resent vastly -more in the way of sacrifice and power on the 
 part of tlie Christian Church than the same figures would show 
 in some other field. 
 
 Christianity Recognized. 
 
 But a most significant change has recently taken place 
 in the attitude of the government toward Christianity. Not 
 only Christian statesmen but other thinking men are convinced 
 that Japan must have a different basis for her spiritual and 
 moral life. The prevalence of immorality has become alarm- 
 ing to the leaders. Baron Makina, their Minister of Educa- 
 
 U. B. Compound, Tokyo, Japan, 
 
 New Shimo Shibuya Church in course of erection in the rear 
 
 tion, says : '"We are greatly distressed about the moral con- 
 dition of the students and the low character of the ordinary 
 lodging houses in Japan." 
 
 During the last six months many of the leaders in Japan 
 came together in council about this matter, and decided to call 
 representatives of the various religious sects together and 
 counsel with them on this subject. This conference was 
 actually held on February 25, last, and was composed of rep- 
 resentatives from the Christians, the Buddhists, and the Shin- 
 toists. This was the first time in the history of Japan when 
 she actually recognized Protestant Christianity "by inviting 
 
their representatives to confer with the government on spirit- 
 ual and moral questions. This conference has produced a 
 profound and optimistic impression in favor of Christianity. 
 In certain cities in Japan, government officials have since this 
 conference attended Protestant churches in a body, because 
 they now regard the action of the government as a public 
 recognition of the power of Christianity. 
 
 United Brethren Work, 
 
 I found the work of our missionaries and Japanese pastors 
 to be of such a splendid character as to commend itself most 
 favorably to the other Christian forces in the Empire. Doctor 
 Howard has been a member of the executive committee of the 
 National Sunday School Association. He has acted also as 
 chairman of the Conference of Federated Missions for the 
 Empire, and recently served as a member of the committee 
 to investigate and report on unoccupied fields in Japan. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Cosand, who is now acting as treasurer of 
 the mission, has the confidence and esteem of all the Chris- 
 tian workers and has had charge of the building of the new 
 churches erected this year at Harajiku and Shimo Shibuya. 
 
 Rev. B. F. Shively has won a large place in the confidence 
 and esteem of the professors and students of the Doshisha 
 University. 
 
 The wives of our missionaries in Japan bear their share 
 of responsibility for the work. Through personal interviews, 
 through Bible classes and cooking classes, as well as through 
 the power of their Christian homes, they are exerting a great 
 mfluence for the kingdom of God. 
 
 Our Japanese pastors take a prominent part in the national 
 and city conv.entions among the Japanese churches, and they 
 have proved themselves to be most efficient, loyal leaders of 
 their local churches. They receive on an average a salary of 
 $19 per month. 
 
 The last }'ear in our mission in Japan there were added 
 on an average, seventeen members for each Japanese pastor. 
 The growth in the Methodist and Presbyterian churches shows 
 an average increase of but six members for each Japanese 
 pastor, while for the Congregational churches the average for 
 each one was nineteen. 
 
 The past year has been a good one in evangelistic work in 
 Japan. Our membership has increased from 589 to 72)2), or 
 a gain of twenty-four per cent. 
 
 Present Status and Needs. 
 
 We visited personally our mission work at Nihombashi, 
 Honjo, Harajiku, Shimo Shibuya, Kyoto, Otsu, Osaka, 
 
10 
 
 Nagoya, and Shizuoka ; held preaching services at each place 
 and had the joy of seeing a number of decisions for Christ. 
 These visitations revealed the fact that our seventeen preach- 
 ing places are supplying the only privileges of the gospel to 
 districts as follows : 
 
 1. Kyoto, First Church. Field to be evangelized, 20,000; 
 a splendid church building and parsonage for Japanese pastor 
 valued at $8,000; church aggressive; outlook for a strong 
 church and self-support most hopeful. 
 
 2. Kyoto, Second Church. District 18,000; church in a 
 rented house; present need, $4,000 for a lot; $2,500 for a church 
 building. 
 
 3. Osaka, a city of 1,200,000; our distinct district, 100,000; 
 church in rented house; present urgent need, a church lot, 
 $5,000. The aggressive congregation and pastor declare they 
 will erect the church building themselves if the mission provides 
 the lot. 
 
 4. Nagoya, a large city; our district 20,000; greatly need 
 a church lot, $5,000; church building $2,500. 
 
 5. Shizuoka, a splendid city. Our district, 10,000; we have 
 a suitable church lot, building, and parsonage all provided; 
 value of same, $1,750. 
 
 6. Numazu. Our district, 5,000; the present needs, $750 
 for a lot and $1,500 for a church building. 
 
 7. Odawara, our district, 6.000; present needs, $750 for 
 a lot; $1,500 for a church building. 
 
 8. Honjo, a section of Tokyo, 30,000 population; a live 
 church at work; needs a lot $1,000; church building $3,500. 
 
 9. Harajiku, where we have a most up-to-date new church 
 building and parsonage, valued at $9,500; a great open door for 
 a mighty work in evangelism and the training of students 
 for the ministry. 
 
 10. Shimo Shibuya, adjacent to our missionary residences; 
 district, 10,000; a neat church building has been erected on our 
 own lot; value of lot and building, $3,800; an excellent oppor- 
 tunity for kindergarten and evangelistic work. 
 
 11. Okubo. Our field, 15.000; present need, $1,500 for a 
 lot and $2,500 for church building. 
 
 12. Otsu, in the center of a district of 100,000, all of which 
 should be assumed by our Church at this time; present need, 
 for lot, $1,500; for church building, $1,500. 
 
 13. In Funabashi, Matsudo, and Noda we have a good 
 start in missionarv work; populations of districts respectively, 
 20,000, 10,000, and '15,000; new church buildings, and lots should 
 be provided within five j'ears. Total cost for these places, 
 $6,750. 
 
 15. Nihombashi, a district of Tokyo which has a population 
 of 151,873, and in this district there are but three chapels with- 
 a total seating capacity of about 400. Our distinct field has 
 a population of 40,000. Being in the very heart of the caoital of 
 the Empire, the lot and church building will cost $12,500. This 
 is a most pressing and important need. 
 
 A Great Field Unoccupied. 
 
 During the last eighteen months the missionary leaders 
 of Japan have undertaken to find out the exact religious 
 
11 
 
 condition of the Empire. Most thorong-h-ijoing investigations 
 have been made, and the statistics are being tabulated down 
 to the population of the little villages and country districts. 
 The results announced are the greatest challenge that has 
 ever been sent out from Japan, namely, that of the fifty million 
 people in the Empire, thirty-five million are without gospel 
 privileges. That means a greater population than is now found 
 in all the States of the United States west of the Mississippi 
 River. 
 
 The committee reports that there are living in the coun- 
 try districts and in over 4,000 towns, each ranging from two 
 thousand to twenty thousand in population, fully five-sevenths 
 of the entire population of Japan. This town and country 
 population has been practically untouched by Christian work 
 as yet. They are sending out a challenge to the churches 
 of America to send them evangelistic missionaries to place 
 one in each district, say of two hundred thousand or more 
 people. This interdenominational committee, has asked the 
 United Brethren Church to assume its share of this new terri- 
 tory. 
 
 The first district ofifered us is Chiba Ken, a district lying 
 just northeast of Tokyo, in which there are fourteen towns and 
 thirty-eight villages with a total population of 210,115. We 
 already have preaching services in three of the largest towns, 
 Funabashi, Matsudo, and Noda. Here is a large, compact 
 field, immediately adjacent to our present work and will afTord 
 a first-class opportunity for a strong- evangelistic missionary 
 to do telling work for God during the next twenty-five years. 
 
 The other district is Shiga Ken, of which Otsu is the 
 capital. In this province which is situated just east of Kyoto, 
 there is a population of 691,000. At least 100,000 of this 
 neglected field should be taken by us. In this district there 
 are 150 unoccupied towns, each with a population of from two 
 thousand to four thousand. In the center of this place, Rev. 
 Monroe Crecelius laid down his life some years ago. What is 
 needed is a missionary family who will take up the work of 
 this fallen hero, and go among the towns and villages organiz- 
 ing and developing mission circuits. 
 
 The Mission Council in Japan unanimously recommends 
 to the Board that we plan at once to enter these two new 
 districts by sending out soon two evangelistic missionaries. 
 
 A Mighty Task. 
 
 When one considers the fact that in Japan there is prac- 
 tically no Sabbath, that the chief currents of social and political 
 life are quite anti-Christian, that there has been a distinct 
 revival of Buddhism and ancestral Avorship, and that five- 
 
i 
 
13 
 
 sevenths of the entire popnlation are at this time without g-os- 
 pel privileges, the magnitude of the task that is before the 
 Christian forces appears stupendous. 
 
 We may well inquire along what lines should the several 
 missions work so as to put to the best possible use the lives 
 of their missionaries and the money invested for the evangeli- 
 zation of Japan. 
 
 Three Administrative Bodies. 
 
 It will be well to remember that the administrative work 
 of foreign missions centers in three bodies: (1) The For- 
 eign Mission Board in the United States; (2) the Mission 
 Council on each foreign field which is composed of all the 
 active foreign missionaries; and (3) the Foreign Mission 
 Conference or native church in each foreign field. It is well 
 to keep the functions of each of these clearly in mind. The 
 Foreign Mission Board holds the right to pass finally upon all 
 matters of administration, but increasingly large liberty is 
 given to the foreign missionaries in their council meetings 
 to decide questions for the development of their work. 
 
 Some one has said that the foreign missionary does not 
 exist for the Mission Board, but that the Mission Board exists 
 for the foreign missionary. A better statement would be, 
 that both theForeign Mission Board and the foreign mission- 
 ary exist for the development of the native church. As the 
 native church increases in numbers and in administrative 
 ability, the Foreign Mission Board and Mission Council should 
 place upon it more and more authority to develop and direct 
 its own work. 
 
 Strength and Initiative of Japanese Pastors. 
 
 After a close study of the work of the several missions 
 in lapan. I was profoundly impressed with the strength and 
 initiative of the Japanese pastors, and their two hundred local 
 churches that have already attained to self-support. In no 
 other mission field in the w^orld can there be found such ener- 
 getic, able native pastors, and such a large number of self- 
 supporting, self-directing native churches. I found that a 
 large share in the management and control of the mission 
 work has passed already into the hands of the Japanese pas- 
 tors and laymen. This is a source of profound thanksgiving to 
 God, for it is tow^ard the goal of self-supporting, self-governing. 
 and self-extending native churches that we are striving in all 
 the foreign fields. 
 
 Cooperating with the Native Church. 
 
 I studied with great interest the steps already taken to 
 form lapanese self-controlling churches. I found four groups 
 
. 14 
 
 of them that have attained self-support and self-control, 
 namely, the Kumiai, with which the Congregational Mission 
 is cooperating; the Church of Christ with which the Presbyter- 
 ians, the German Reformed and the Dutch Reformed Missions 
 are cooperating; the United Methodist Japanese Church with 
 which the Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Church of Canada, 
 and Methodist Church South, are cooperating; and the Japan- 
 ese Episcopal Church with which six societies in Great Britain 
 and Canada, and the United States are cooperating. 
 
 These four Japanese communions or churches have en- 
 rolled at least eighty per cent, of the entire Protestant church 
 membership in Japan. Their general plan of organization and 
 work is as follows : The self-supporting churches of each of 
 these groups of missions were united into a Japanese Church, 
 the chief responsibility being put into the hands of the Japan- 
 ese pastors and laymen. A home missionary society has been 
 organized by each Japanese Communion thus constituted, for 
 extending its work in Japan, but as only a small part of the 
 task already begun in the several missions could, be supported 
 by these Japanese churches, the several missions have agreed 
 among themselves to be responsible for a certain amount of 
 the home missionary work already begun, and for the starting 
 of work in some of the new places to be entered. Thus each 
 mission is taking hold of many weak churches and new places, 
 and developing them into self-supporting local churches, and 
 then turning them over to the Japanese Communion with 
 which it is cooperating. 
 
 In working out this plan there has been much thought and 
 energy given to it by both the missionaries and the Japanese 
 pastors. The results achieved will be a great contribution 
 toward a satisfactory solution of the problem of an aggressive, 
 united native church in all the mission fields of the world. 
 
 After carefully studying the problem of cooperation on 
 the field, it was the combined judgment of the missionaries 
 and the secretary that in order to give the Japanese pastors 
 the largest fellowship, inspiration, and responsibilitv for the 
 evangelization of their own country, our mission with others 
 not yet cooperating with one of the four mentioned groups 
 of Japanese churches, should seek to do so; or by committee 
 or otherwise seek to luring these four groups of Japanese 
 churches, together with all the other Christian churc-hes, into 
 one well organized aggressive Japanese church so as to bring 
 the combined impact of Christianity to bear upon the super- 
 human problems before the Christian Church in Japan. 
 
 On December 19. last, a federal council of the Japanese 
 churches was formed to study their common problems and to 
 work together for a common goal. This was a most signifi- 
 
15 
 
 cant movement, and will enable the Japanese native churches 
 to cooperate with the committee formed by the Protestant 
 missions in Japan, which committee has been at work for some 
 time. 
 
 A Christian University for Japan. 
 
 It became very clear in our discussions that in addition 
 to the closer federation of the Japanese churches, the outstand- 
 ing need in Japan is for a Christian university. Dr. D. B. 
 Schneder, the president of the Conference of Federated Mis- 
 sions in Japan, recently voiced this need as follows: "If Chris- 
 tianity is to fulfill its mission it needs first of all preachers 
 of the gospel who are thoroughly educated in first class, vigor- 
 ous Christian institutions of learning. A university is the great 
 need of the hour in Christian education in Japan, and to 
 bring this widely cherished dream into reality one strong 
 united, undaunted efifort should by all means be made at 
 this point in the histor}- of Christian work in Japan." 
 
 While I was in Japan, definite steps were taken by the 
 trustees of the Doshisha college to meet this expressed need, 
 by extending its courses so as to become a Christian university. 
 The government has already approved this action and the 
 Doshisha now enters upon a career of marvelous opportunity. 
 The alumni and friends of the institution in Japan are rallying 
 to its support. 
 
 Our mission has for more than ten years been cooperat- 
 ing with the Doshisha, first by sending Rev. J. Edgar Knipp as 
 our representative on the faculty, and more recently by sup- 
 porting Rev. B. F. Shively as a professor in this school. 
 
 We had two extended interviews with President Harada 
 and other members of the faculty of the Doshisha, discussing 
 its future aims and policies, and we suggested to them that 
 our representative be given, if possible, a professorship in 
 the theological department of the institution, where he could 
 be a greater help to our own students preparing for the minis- 
 try. 
 
 We suggested that a department of Religious Pedagogy, 
 including the principles of Sunday-school teaching, organiza- 
 tion and methods, might be desirable in the larger university 
 scheme. 
 
 This matter was considered by the faculty of the univer- 
 sity and on my second visit to Japan, President Harada sent 
 me the following communication : 
 
 "The suggestion made at the time of your visit to Kyoto last 
 November, we hcartil}' welcome. In addition to systematic instruc- 
 tion in the correct principles of Sunday-school teaching, organization 
 and methods, we" wish to have an American to drill the students in 
 practical English, both conversation and composition, and to introduce 
 
16 
 
 them to choice passages in English religious literature, especially to the 
 best hymns and poetry. We would like to ask whether Mr. Shively 
 would not be willing to take up this work in connection with the other. 
 If this should meet your approval and that of Mr. Shively, we hereby 
 extend him a most cordial invitation to the joint work in our theo- 
 logical school. We shall be much pleased if Mr. Shively can, during 
 his furlough, make special preparation with a view to taking up this 
 work upon his return, and if the preference of the school be ex- 
 pressed, the sooner Mr. Shively's furlough be taken the better for the 
 carrying out of our plans. We sincerely hope that this invitation 
 and suggestion may receive favorable consideration. 
 
 "My second request is this: We are in great need of an addi- 
 tional Japanese professor for our theological department, one who is 
 a specialist in the Old Testament. The funds at our disposal do not 
 provide for this. The question I venture to ask is, whether it may 
 not be possible for your Board to provide the amount needed, namely 
 $600 a year, either in the form of an endowment, yielding that amount 
 or as an annual grant. You can easily understand that if our 
 theological school is to take rank as a university of efficiency, we 
 must substantially increase our force of specially trained teachers. 
 
 "Hoping that you may see your way to granting this, and thus 
 to taking an important part in the upbuilding of this important Chris- 
 tian university in Japan, I am, 
 
 "Sincerely yours, 
 
 TASUKU HARADA." 
 
 This ought to be said. Some of our most able native 
 pastors like Mr. Ishiguro, have received their training in the 
 Doshisha. We now have there three students in training for 
 the ministry. Our superintendent, Dr. Howard, says, "If 
 we had no connection with a school of this sort, it would cost 
 us far more to run a training school of our own, and even at 
 the greater expense our men could not get the inspiration 
 and preparation they receive in this great university." 
 
 While non-Christians may contribute to the support of 
 the secular department of the Doshisha they cannot be counted 
 on to support the theological department. Christian men 
 and churches and missions must bear this responsibility. 
 
 Two Recommendations Touching the Doshisha, 
 
 Our Mission Council, therefore, recommended to this 
 Board the following: 
 
 First. — That the request of the Doshisha University con- 
 cerning the special training and future work of Rev. Mr. 
 Shively in said institution be granted, and that in compliance 
 with President Harada's desire, Mr. Shively be ready to take 
 up his work in the university not later than the fall of 1914. 
 
 Second. — That we assume the support of a Japanese 
 professor in the theological department of the Doshisha, as 
 per the request of the president, at a cost of six hundred dol- 
 lars per year. 
 
17 
 
 Aims and Methods to Make Powerful the Japanese Church. 
 
 The discussions during our ten days' counsels, and while 
 with the Japanese pastors and churches, reached the highest 
 point of interest and intensity when we considered the aims 
 and methods that should l>e employed to make every local 
 church a mighty evangelistic center, and powerful in the prin- 
 ciples of self-support and self-extension. 
 
 Policies Approved. 
 
 After much discussion and investigation the Mission 
 Council unanimously adopted the following, which should not 
 be regarded as a statement for other fields : 
 
 First. — In order to avoid confusion of responsibility, the mission 
 definitely declares its object to be the development of self-governing 
 and self-supporting churches; and therefore, after a church has been 
 organized and the necessary officers are elected, the church shall be 
 directly responsible for its own support, and all funds contributed 
 by the mission for the future development of any organized church 
 shall be considered merely as a grant in aid and should pass through 
 the hands of the treasurer or other properly accredited officer of the 
 local church. 
 
 Second. — That the Mission Council should aid the Japanese 
 pastors in every reasonable way in laying special emphasis upon 
 making each local church already established not only self-supporting 
 in the shortest possible time, but increasingly strong in evangelism 
 and powerful through gifts and prayer in the extension of the kingdom 
 of God beyond its own community: and that the Mission Council 
 should make grants to new fields with caution, doing so only as 
 rapidly as is consistent with the development of those churches already 
 established and as available financial aid shall justify. 
 
 A Joint Committee and Its Functions. 
 
 Inasmuch as the working out of the foregoing policy 
 depends largely upon -the efforts of our Japanese co-workers 
 we believe that they should assume and bear an important 
 share of the responsibility in planning for and accomplishing 
 these ends. We therefore record our desire that in the future: 
 
 1. The preparation of the budget necessary for the development 
 of the churches connected with the annual conference be entrusted 
 to a joint budget committee composed of one Japanese pastor and 
 one layman from each of the two districts of the annual conference 
 who sliall be elected by the conference, and two missionaries appointed 
 by the Mission Council; of this budget committee the mission super- 
 intendent shall be a member ex-officio and its chairman. 
 
 2. The duties of the budget committee shall be to prepare a 
 careful estimate of the expenses of all work pertaining to the annual 
 conference and determine the sources from which the necessary 
 income shall be derived. 
 
 While the members of the mission view with sympathy every 
 attempt to secure a reasonable and comfortable' income for every 
 consecrated, diligent pastor, the budget committee shall not have 
 • power to increase the salary grants paid by the mission. This is 
 reserved for the Mission Council. 
 
18 
 
 3. In addition to the responsibility of promoting the development 
 of the churches already organized, it shall be the duty of the budget 
 committee to recommend the order in which new churches shall be 
 organized, and also the order in which aid shall be given in the 
 acquisition of church properties and the^approximate minimum amount 
 to be expended. In the acquisition of new church properties, although 
 the fullest possible conference and agreement with the budget com- 
 mittee and the official board of the local church shall be sought, so 
 long as the mission contributes more than one-half of the sum neces- 
 sary for the ground and buildings, when aid is given, the mission 
 shall have final authority to purchase lots and decide on plans of 
 church buildings and supervise the. construction of the same, 
 
 4. The budget committee shall meet at a time convenient to 
 itself, and review the financial transactions of the previous year and 
 prepare a carefullj^ itemized budget which shall then, if desired, be 
 presented to the annual conference for ratification, or amendment, 
 by a two-thirds vote. The budget as approved by the annual confer- 
 ence shall then be considered by the Mission Council for final endorse-_ 
 ment or amendment. 
 
 The budget thus ratified or amended by the Mission Council 
 shall be forwarded to the General Secretary of the Foreign Mission 
 Board and a duplicate copy handed to the secretary of the Japan 
 Annual Conference. 
 
 By our Japanese Conference a definite policy has been 
 adopted whereby the local churches shall become self-support- 
 ing within at least twenty years. Some of the churches are 
 making progress toward full self-support much more rapidly 
 than the schedule requires, while others are not quite up to 
 the standard. During our conferences, a decided conviction to 
 achieve greater results along the line of self-support, was 
 again and again manifested. 
 
 SUMMARY OF NEEDS AND APPROVED ADVANCES 
 
 Here then is the summary of needs recommended at this 
 time for Japan : 
 
 (1) That we accept the two needy districts, Chiba Ken 
 and Shiga Ken, with their 300,000 people, as ours to evangelize, 
 and that two additional missionaries be sent out to occupy 
 these districts. 
 
 (2) The sujiport of a Japanese professor in the theo- 
 logical department of the Doshisha. 
 
 Total annual increase in the current expenses of the mis- 
 sion. $3,100. 
 
 (3) For lots, new buildings and equipment already men- 
 tioned in detail in this report, all of which should be provided 
 within five years. $54,250. 
 
 (4) The mission asks the Board to grant authority to 
 purchase at once a lot and erect a church building in the 
 central district of Tokyo, for our Nihombashi church, where 
 forty thousand people look to us for the gospel. This lot and 
 church will cost $12,500. 
 
19 
 
 In conclusion may I say one cannot but admire the Japan- 
 ese people because of their courtesy, their ambition, and their 
 aggressiveness. What a contribution will come to the Church 
 of Christ when the millions of Japan see him as their life and 
 their Lord, and }ield their splendid talents to make his king- 
 dom universal ! It is well worth while to win such a people 
 to Jesus Christ, and turn their activities into channels for the 
 uplift of the world. 
 
 In our interview's and counsels with the Japanese pastors 
 it was made clear and emphatic that God expects every pastor 
 and every Christian to be his instrument in winning souls as 
 a daily practice all through life, that the privilege of receiving 
 the gospel carries with it the obligation and responsibility 
 of giving the gospel to others, that no Christian can live a 
 life of full power without working with Christ to save others. 
 
 The spirit that is taking hold of the Japanese pastors is 
 shown by the remarks of Rev. Air. Ishiguro in our parting mo- 
 ments. I asked him for a message from the Bible that would 
 express his supreme purpose. He replied, "Watch thou in 
 all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, 
 make full proof of thy ministry." Then he went on to say: 
 "My ambition is not for a high position as bishop, or president 
 of some school. My one desire is to be like Paul, to preach 
 the gospel, to establish Christian churches in mau}^ places, and 
 to build up strong self-supporting churches soon. That is 
 my purpose. Now. won't you pray for me. and please ask my 
 friends in America to pray also that Christ may give me 
 ])o\ver to do this?" 
 
20 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 When I left America on October 17, last, no thoughtful 
 man would have predicted that the Chinese Empire, with a 
 history reaching far back of ancient Rome, Egypt, and Baby- 
 lon, would have become a republic within four years ; but the 
 most colossal transformation in history has taken place within 
 four months. 
 
 The revolution swept like a prairie fire over all China, 
 a new republic has been organized, and China, with one- 
 fourth of the world's population, now swings suddenly into a 
 forward march with the most progressive nations on earth. 
 Truly the hour has struck when God fulfills prophecy — a 
 nation born in a day. 
 
 One hundred and five years ago, when Robert Morrison 
 started for China as its first Protestant missionary, a man of 
 prominence in New York City sneeringly said to him, "And 
 so, Mr. Morrison, you really expect to make an impression on 
 the idolatrv of China?" "No, sir," he replied; "I expect God 
 will." 
 
 Since that day there has been a century of conflict, most 
 fierce at times, between light and darkness, and Lowell's 
 significant lines have been again fulfilled : 
 
 " Truth forever on the scaffold. 
 
 Wrong forever on the throne ; 
 Yet that scaffold sways the future. 
 
 And behind the dim unknown, 
 Standeth God within the shadows 
 
 Keeping watch above his own." 
 
 At the time of the crisis in the revolution, the emperor 
 at Peking, in his distress, went forth to worship his ancestors 
 and call upon their spirits for help, while General Li, at the 
 head of the revolutionary army, made his appeal to the living 
 God. Our Lord suddenly stretched forth his mighty hand 
 against those who rejected his messengers, and he has tri- 
 umphed gloriously, fulfilling in a wonderful way before our 
 own eyes the second Psalm : "Why do the heathen rage, and 
 the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the earth set 
 themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the 
 Lord, and against his anointed, saying. Let us break their 
 bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. He that 
 sitteth in the heavens shall laugh, the Lord shall have them 
 in derision. Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and 
 vex them in his sore displeasure. . . . Ask of me, and I 
 shall give thee tl-.e heathen for thine inheritance, and the 
 
21 
 
 uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. Thou shall 
 break them with a rod of iron ; thou shalt dash them in pieces 
 like a potter's vessel. Be wise now, therefore, O ye kings: 
 be instructed, ye judges of the earth." 
 
 Causes Which Led to the Revolution. 
 
 China, by her geographical position has been shut ofif 
 from the rest of the world, and so has been a nation unto 
 herself. About two hundred and seventy years ago the 
 Manchus came down from the north and assisted China to 
 win a military victory. They then took possession of the 
 throne themselves, and so China has, since that time, been 
 ruled by an alien race. The Manchus adopted the fatal policy 
 of sternly opposing Christianity and western education. 
 Everywhere they prevented talented, capable Chinese from 
 doing the work they by special training were fitted to do. 
 
 liurning of Hankow, China, during the Revolution. 
 
 The emperor and his associates accumulated vast wealth. 
 The sense of security led them to indolence, unrestrained 
 luxury and vice. Two rival clans sprang up among the 
 Manchus, the red girdle clan and the yellow girdle clan. 
 These opposed each other in carrying out national policies, 
 and thus presented the weakness of a divided house. 
 
 A New Force for Righteousness. 
 
 ( )n the other hand. Christian missions had entered China 
 and established schools and churches. Many of the young 
 men and young women had caught the spirit of Jesus Christ 
 and were being trained in the principles of Western education. 
 
?7 
 
 A new force was silently but powerfully permeating the lives 
 of the leaders of new China. Many of these, in addition to 
 the training received in China, took post-graduate courses at 
 Yale, Harvard, Columbia, and other universities in America. 
 The humiliation of China in the war with Japan, and later 
 in the Boxer uprising, revealed her weakness to the outside 
 world, and to the Chinese leaders themselves, and caused the 
 young men who had seen a vision of China's possibilities to 
 set to work to deliver their empire from the misrule and op- 
 pression of the Manchus, and from that time forward they 
 stood out strongly for liberty, freedom, and a righteous 
 opportunity. 
 
 The Wrath of Man Made to Praise God. 
 
 In the meantime the anti-opium crusade led by the best 
 element of the awakened Chinese and by the missionary 
 forces, revealed to China for the first time the power of the 
 platform. Many who have wide knowledge of the situation 
 in China declare that the revolutionary forces could not have 
 won as they did if it had not been for the training that thou- 
 sands of young Chinese received during the anti-opium cru- 
 sade.. The wonderful success of the anti-opium movement 
 filled these young leaders with confidence in their ability to 
 do things. The young Chinese had discovered themselves, 
 and they felt that other mighty movements were possible. 
 
 Student Key-Men. 
 
 Doctor Sun Yat Sen and his associates for twenty years 
 have been raising money for the revolution, and propagating 
 their views on political freedom among the Chinese students 
 in Japan and United States, and training them to be ready 
 when they returned to China for the conflict when the time 
 for action arrived. In an important sense the students changed 
 China from a monarchy to a republic. 
 
 The Influence of General Washington. 
 
 The Chinese have been studying the life of George Wash- 
 ington and the history of the American Revolution. It was a 
 constant surprise to mc to see the influence of George W'ash- 
 ington in China. Years ago in the public schools of Pennsyl- 
 vania we used to read the oration of Edward Everett on 
 Washington as follows : "Beyond Ohio, beyond the Mis- 
 sissippi, along that stupendous trail of immigration from East 
 to \\"est, which, bursting into States as it moves westward, 
 the name and memory of Washington will travel with the 
 silver queen of heaven through sixty degrees of longitude, nor 
 part company with her till she walks in her brightness through 
 the Golden Gate. And in barbarous archipelagoes, as yet 
 
23 
 
 untrodden by civilized man. there, and there only, the name 
 of Washington is unknown ; and there, too, when they swarm 
 with enlightened millions, new honors with ours shall be 
 paid to his memory." 
 
 I saw this prophecy fulfilled in the Hawaii Islands, in 
 Japan, and in the Philippines, and in a most unexpected man- 
 ner in China. As the revolution swept the Manchus from 
 South China, prominent Chinese remarked, "George Wash- 
 ington did it." I was informed that in a reader for the public 
 schools in central China, four characters were presented; 
 namely, Washington, Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Confucius. 
 
 American Heroism Inspires Chinese. 
 
 The Chinese newspapers backed up strongly the revolu- 
 tionary forces, as the following paragraph from a Shanghai 
 paper, written after a temporary defeat, illustrates : "If we 
 have successes we must also have defeats. Now, unfortu- 
 nately, we have the news of defeat at Hanyang. What w^e 
 have lost is only a corner. The New World fought seven 
 3'ears of bloody warfare before it won its independence. The 
 colonists were often defeated and often victorious before they 
 cast ofif the yoke of Britain and set up the imposing republic 
 which has become one of the great powers in the world. Now 
 their people enjoy the blessing of equality and breathe the 
 air of liberty. This was won for them by the blood and iron 
 of their ancestors. Had the xAmericans lost heart because of 
 repeated defeats during their bloody seven years' struggle, 
 and gone about hanging down their heads and begging for 
 peace, or had they held back and refused to advance, would 
 they to-day be in the glorious position in which they find 
 themselves? The heroic quality of their stubborn strength 
 leads us to honor and bow down to them. Now we are fight- 
 ing for liberty, for a republic. W'e wish to be reckoned 
 amongst the great powers of the earth, ^^'e refuse to be 
 cattle or slaves." 
 
 Christian Counselors Save China. 
 
 The integrity of China was in the balances for several 
 weeks as the conflict betw^een Peking and the South became 
 more and more acute. A distressing famine and reports of 
 robber bands plundering and stealing, made the situation more 
 complex and difficult. Then Russia became aggressive and 
 took steps to get control of Mongolia under the pretext of 
 maintaining order. At the same time Japan increased her 
 force of soldiers in Manchuria. 
 
 The Christian statesmen saw the situation was of such a 
 character as would certainly lead to the intervention of the 
 powers and the partition of China unless vigorous and prompt 
 
24 
 
 action was taken at Peking. It was very fortunate for China 
 that she had in her midst such men as Bishop Bashford, Mr. 
 Thwing, General Secretary of the International Reform 
 Bureau for China, and Dr. Gilbert Reed, Director of the In- 
 ternational Institute, which has been recognized by the 
 Chinese government. These men and others were consulted 
 by the leaders on both sides. Bishop Bashford assured the 
 authorities that the uprising was from God and could no 
 more be prevented than the tides of the ocean could be pushed 
 back. He urged the leaders on both sides to get together 
 and prevent the powers from dividing up China. 
 
 Mr. Thwing sent the following telegram to the Empress 
 Dowager and the princes at Peking: "I have resided in China 
 for many years and have hoped for China to reform and become 
 rich and powerful. I have gone down south and am acquainted 
 with the desires of the people of the southern provinces, who 
 wish to accord favorable treatment to the Imperial house and 
 change to a republic. I am on good terms with the Chinese and 
 the Alanchus, and cannot bear to sit as I watch them destroy 
 themselves, so that as in the struggle between the shellfish 
 and the eagle known in tradition, the fisherman was able to 
 capture both. I hope that China will soon confer the blessing 
 of a republic on the people, so that not only destruction of 
 lives may be obviated, but that no opportunity be given to 
 other countries to take advantage of the situation." 
 
 Dr. Gilbert Reed visited in person the officials at Peking 
 and presented strong reasons for the throne to abdicate 
 speedily. No one who knows the inner situation can doubt 
 the power of these Christian statesmen in that hour of crisis. 
 
 Abdication of Throne, New President Takes Oath. 
 
 On February 12, the edicts announcing the Imperial ab- 
 dication were signed, and Dr. Sun Yat Sen, to unite the whole 
 country, resigned as president in favor of Premier Yuan Shi 
 Kai, an act that will forever enshrine him not only in the 
 hearts of the millions of China, but of the whole civilized 
 world. After numerous conferences, the National Assembly 
 elected Yuan Shi Kai as president of the republic of China, 
 and adopted a provisional constitution which contains fifty- 
 six articles, the fifth and sixth of which state : "The people of 
 the Republic of China will be treated equally, without any 
 distinction of race, class, or religion. The people have liberty 
 of religion." 
 
 On March 10, President Yuan Shi Kai took the following 
 oath : "I shall endeavor faithfully to develop the republic, 
 to sweep away the disadvantages attached to absolute mon- 
 archy, to observe the laws of the constitution, to increase the 
 welfare of the country, to cement together a strong nation 
 
25 
 
 From "The Chinese Revolution' 
 President Yuan Shi Kai. 
 Of the Great Republic of China. 
 
26 
 
 which shall embrace all five races. When the National Assem- 
 bly elects a permanent president, I shall retire. This I swear 
 before the Chinese republic." 
 
 Reconstruction a Colossal Task. 
 
 It is difficult to conceive the magnitude of the task now 
 confronting the leaders of the new republic. That many of 
 these are sons of Christians, and are themselves professed fol- 
 lowers of our Lord, is most significant. Five races are to be 
 combined in one republic — the Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, 
 Mohammedans, and Tibetans. Only about fifteen per cent, of 
 the entire population can read and write. The government is 
 making strong calls for men trained in the Christian schools 
 and missions to take leadership in the various provinces. Re- 
 ligious freedom profifered on the initiative of the Chinese 
 themselves stands out as the most significant fact of the 
 century ; but the leaders of new China must face this fact, that 
 "popular government is not in itself a panacea, is no better 
 than any other form except as the virtue and wisdom of 
 the people make it so. When men undertake to do their own 
 kingship they enter upon the dangers and responsibilities as 
 well as the privileges of the function." 
 
 \\'hat a privilege to have a share in giving to China at this 
 time the truth and light of God, which must be incarnated in 
 the very heart of the republic to insure for it the stability and 
 wisdom necessary to make the experiment of self-government 
 a blessing rather than a curse. 
 
 The Missionary Situation. 
 
 The revolution in China is a declaration of the power of 
 Christian missions and of Christian ideals. Against stubborn 
 opposition and martyrdom, the gospel has made great ad- 
 vances in China. In 1842 there were but six communicant 
 members in the Protestant Christian Church in China. In 
 1860 there were 960; in 1889 there were 37,000, and at the 
 present time there are 278,628 members and a Christian com- 
 munity of 750.000. 
 
 Everywhere we went we found missionaries from the in- 
 terior assembled in port cities in council and in prayer to 
 know the will of God for the work ahead. Important inter- 
 denominational councils will be held this year with such 
 leaders as John R. Mott. A new program for the evangeliza- 
 tion of the great republic will be agreed u]ion. It is felt on 
 all sides that mission work in China must be unified, intensi- 
 fied, and greatly enlarged to meet the new situation. 
 
 Without any question, educated men will be the leaders 
 in e\ery walk of life. The question of first importance is, 
 Shall that leadership have Christian or pagan training? That 
 
 J 
 
27 
 
 question will be larg-ely settled by what the Christian Church 
 does or fails to do the next ten years. The opportunity of 
 ages is right now upon us, to establish an adequate number of 
 Christian middle schools, colleges, universities, and theolog- 
 ical seminaries. The situation is so extraordinary as to make 
 one restless by meditating on it. Steps are being taken by 
 the various missions to prepare for an aggressive, strong 
 Chinese church, with which the various missionary workers 
 may cooperate most efifectivel}'. 
 
 Our Own Work and Workers. 
 
 We found our missionaries calm and busy at work right 
 through the transition period in South China. Doctor and 
 Mrs. Oldt were at their post of duty when the revolutionary 
 forces, led by a robber chief, captured Siu Lam, which was 
 the first place taken in South China. No one can know with- 
 out a similar experience what the "rumors of war" and the 
 actual conflict meant to these, the only Americans in that im- 
 mediate district. 
 
 Though the country was much disturbed, we made a 
 hasty visit to Kwai Chau, Lak Lau, and Siu Lam, and on 
 our return trip to China from the Philippines, a more ex- 
 tended tour w^as made up the West River to places wholly 
 unoccupied as yet by Christian workers. While at Siu Lam, 
 we viewed three different sites with a view to securing the 
 best available location for -our new hospital, which will be 
 erected as soon as the unsettled condition, caused by the rev- 
 olution, permits the business men of the town to secure proper 
 legal papers for the ground. 
 
 In our Siu Lam chapel, on December 27, a Christmas ex 
 ercise was given and we had an opportunity to see a typical 
 Chinese mass meeting. The chapel seats comfortably about 
 one hundred and fifty persons, but full}'' four hundred packed 
 the building that day, and as many more stood about the 
 doors and windows. This was one of the first public meetings 
 held after the revolutionary forces were in control. An hour 
 before the time for the meeting all the seats Avere filled; then 
 they began to pack the place. They stood between the benches, 
 on the seats, then on the backs of the seats, and in the aisles — 
 a solid mass right up to the pulpit. In the midst of this 
 throng were revolutionary soldiers carrying their guns ; from 
 the pulpit the whole assemblage seemed a sea of faces, and 
 such wild, superstitious, sad faces! I wanted to take a pho- 
 tograph of the meeting, but the missionaries informed me that 
 to turn a kodak on that assemblage would produce forthwith 
 a panic and the loss of life. I shall carry as long as I live the 
 impression of that audience. The contrast was most striking 
 between our Christian workers and that vast crowd, manv of 
 
28 
 
 whom, doubtless, heard that day for the first time the story 
 of Christ's coming into the world. 
 
 In Sill Lam our Church has done a most excellent work ; 
 but it is a great pity we have not had two missionary families 
 in this place every year since we opened it, for we have in 
 this district half a million people to win to Christ, and in this 
 place we shall find our most talented leaders for the work in 
 other places. 
 
 Rev. and Mrs. Spore had made thorough preparation for 
 our visitation and the holding of the Annual Conference. 
 These workers have carried a heavy responsibility, and have 
 stood out strongly for an evangelistic, Biblical type of Chris- 
 tian life and work. 
 
 Beth Eden Compound, Canton, China. 
 
 Miss Drury has made marked progress in the mastery 
 of the Chinese language, and has become a strong factor in 
 mission work in Canton. We heard from many sources of 
 the power and initiative of Miss Myers, and her splendid work 
 in the Miller Seminary. 
 
 On January 13, the splendid Foundling Home, the first 
 of its kind in all South China, was formally dedicated. The 
 power of this orphanage cannot be reckoned by the number 
 of outcasts it can now take care of and transform, but rather 
 by its standing as an example of what must and will be done 
 on a vastly larger scale by the awakened Chinese themselves. 
 In that better day which is now dawning, this Foundling 
 Home, started by the women of the United Brethren Church 
 in America, will be remembered as the first work of its kind 
 
29 
 
 in South China for the "survival of the unfittest." In the 
 construction of this orphanage and the missionary residence 
 near by, Rev. Mr. Bean has shown himself to be a master 
 builder whose services will be greatly in demand in the years 
 to come. Mrs. Bean is recognized as an expert and pioneer 
 in orphanage work. 
 
 Because of the long period of service of Rev. and Mrs. Ward, 
 their counsels greatly enriched our meetings, and Mr. Ward 
 presided with excellent ability at the x\nnual Conference 
 sessions. 
 
 Our medical work in Canton directed by Dr. Bigler has 
 had a powerful influence. In addition to assisting in school 
 work, Dr. Bigler has been going about all hours of the day 
 and night to the various sections of this city of two million, 
 ministering to the sick and dying. I attended the dispensary 
 when Dr. Bigler said she had a light day — only one hundred 
 and thirty-five persons were waiting to be examined and 
 treated. It is needless to say that she is under too heavy 
 strain of work and should be relieved speedily by the sending 
 of other medical workers to the field. 
 
 During the month's visitation in Canton, we had inter- 
 views with many mission workers in other communions, vis- 
 iting and inspecting their several departments of work; and 
 then for fourteen days we planned and counseled with our 
 own missionaries, and held the China Annual Conference 
 from January 12-16. when the Chinese pastors themselves 
 took up w^ith new enthusiasm the enlarged work outlined by. 
 and for them. The missionaries declared that they had never 
 before seen the Chinese Christians so ready to dedicate their 
 lives and their property to the giving of the gospel to others 
 as at this time. 
 
 DECLARATION OF AIMS AND NEEDS. 
 
 Three committees were appointed to investigate and 
 study the chief problems and needs for the enlargement of our 
 mission work in South China, and the reports of these com- 
 mittees were thoroughly discussed in the various sessions of 
 the Mission Council. A definite statement of policy was for- 
 mulated defining the work of the mission superintendent, the 
 relation of the Mission Council to the Board of Foreign Mis- 
 sions and to the native church, and emphasizing in a strong 
 way certain principles which should lead to self-support and 
 self-government on the part of the Chinese Church. These 
 principles are now being put into operation by the various 
 Chinese pastors. 
 
30 
 
 Recommendation on Education and Cooperation. 
 
 After surveying all phases of missionary work in South 
 China, the conviction became strong and clear that it is of 
 the utmost importance that we should establish speedily a 
 system of primary, grammar, and middle schools that shall 
 lead up to the college and seminary work, in order that an 
 adequate force of Christian ministers may be prepared, and 
 that a large number of Christian laymen may be educated to 
 meet the requirements of 1)0th Church and state at this time 
 in South China. 
 
 After due delil^eration the JMission Council recommends 
 the following : 
 
 1. That we enlarge and strengthen the number of day 
 schools for boys and girls of the elementary grade. 
 
 2. That the present boys' grammar school be enlarged 
 and enriched in its course of study, and that to provide for its 
 needs a suitable lot and building be secured soon. 
 
 3. That we cooperate with the Canton Christian College 
 in the middle school (high school grade), if satisfactory de- 
 tailed arrangements can be. made with their board of trustees 
 in New York City. This college has a recognized standard 
 of efficiency in all parts of the new republic, and will be able 
 to carry the students not only through the middle school, but 
 through the college courses wdien the students are prepared 
 for this advanced work. 
 
 The following is a recent communication from the trustees 
 of the Canton Christian College to our society touching co- 
 operation : 
 
 "1. The trustees will welcome nominations to their board to 
 join with them in their trust, one trustee representing any board 
 which has a mission in Canton which desires to cooperate to the extent 
 of furnishing or supporting at least one teacher in the college. 
 
 "2. If a denominational board sends a man to represent it on 
 the faculty of the Canton Christian College, we believe that it should 
 be done in conformity with the general policy and arrangements of 
 that portion of the stafT supported by the trustees, and that corre- 
 spondence should be had at any time to fit the appointment to the 
 actual need and conditions at the college. 
 
 "3. To become a cooperative member of the Canton Christian 
 College, a contributing board should either provide a residence for 
 the teacher it supports, or pay a proportionate rent for the residence 
 or rooms occupied. It should also provide a definite amount annually 
 for the general expenses and for student aid — its students being 
 admitted on the same general basis as to ciualilications and fees 
 as other students — save that special aid might be given by any mis- 
 sion or denomination to students of that denomination if they so 
 desire." 
 
 Theological Training School. 
 
 The American Presbyterian Mission in South China re- 
 cently took the following action with reference to cooperation 
 with other missions in theological edncatic^n: 
 
31 
 
 "We favor union in theological work culniinaling in a union 
 theological seminary. Looking to that end we recommend that the 
 faculty of the Fati Theological Seminary at Canton be authorized to 
 invite'members of other missions wishing to educate students at said 
 institution, to take part in the teaching. Any one teaching twelve 
 hours or more per week to be admitted as a full voting member of 
 the faculty, thus representing the mission. We recommend that this 
 be regarded strictly as an initial step, and that we all wait with open 
 mind for this to grow into that form of union which shall commend 
 itself to us all as wisest, most practical, and redounding most to the 
 glory of God." 
 
 Already the Canadian Presbyterian Mission and the Xew 
 Zealand Presbyterian Mission, both of South China, have 
 united in this theoh:)g-ical training school on the terms just 
 mentioned. 
 
 We recommend that our Board secure a suitable man to 
 represent us on the faculty of this Fati Theological School, 
 and that our students for the ministry be sent there for 
 training. • • ,^ 
 
 ■f ' > 
 University Union Medical School. 
 
 Owing largely to the work of medical missionaries, there 
 is a large demand in China for doctors trained in Western 
 medicine. Unless medical schools of first-class standard are 
 established on a Christian basis, this work will be undertaken 
 soon by private corporations or the government, and done on 
 a much lower and un-Christian, if not anti-Christian basis. 
 The character of the doctors of China for many years to come 
 will be determined in the next few years. The revolution has 
 made the situation more urgent. 
 
 To provide for this great need the medical school in con- 
 nection with the Canton Christian College is asking the 
 various missions in South China to cooperate with them in 
 establishing a University Union Medical School. The object 
 is as follows : 
 
 "To give thorough- instruction in medicine and surgery to the 
 Chinese in the English and Cantonese languages, and thereby (a) 
 provide mission hospitals, with well trained physicians; (b) train 
 Chinese for positions as teachers in this and other medical schools; 
 (c) assist in providing the Chinese Republic with a Christian medical 
 profession; (d) take an active share in the investigation of the causes, 
 prevention, and treatment of diseases peculiar to China; (e) e.xtend 
 the knowledge of the gospel of Jesus Christ to all coming within 
 the sphere of influence of the school. 
 
 "The board of trustees of this school shall be the present board 
 of the University Aledical School in America, together with such other 
 members as may be appointed from time to time by any mission body. 
 
 ".\ny Protestant missionary body which, in addition to under- 
 taking the support of one or rnore members of the faculty shall con- 
 tribute funds to the institution for permanent equipment shall be 
 entitled to have proportionate representation on the board of trustees. 
 
 "The faculty shall consist of all members of the teaching staff 
 
32 
 
 of school and hospital who are giving the equivalent of one hour 
 per week of the school year. All appointments to the faculty for a 
 period of more than one year must have the approval of the board 
 of trustees. All members of the faculty shall be Protestant Chris- 
 tians." 
 
 Our Mission Council heartily endorses this proposed medi- 
 cal university and recommends that the Board approve of it, 
 and set a man aside to teach in this school as soon as our 
 medical work is sufficiently strengthened to release him for it. 
 
 Some Pastors, Teachers, and Bible Women, China, U. B. Mission. 
 
 The Miller Seminary. 
 
 Because of unsanitary conditions and the want of suffici- 
 ent land adjacent, it is absolutely necessary to relocate the 
 Miller Seminary. A year ago, this Board recommended fav- 
 orably the proposition to sell our entire compound at Beth 
 Eden and- secure suitable locations elsewhere for the Miller 
 Seminary and the necessary missionary residences. During 
 our visit to Canton, business men from Hongkong, on their 
 own initiative, interviewed us with a view to purchasing this 
 valualole property. Owing to unsettled conditions, it may be 
 some months or even years before a satisfactory sale can be 
 made; but steps should be taken at once for the relocation of 
 the Miller Seminary. 
 
 A proposition for the United Brethren Mission to estab- 
 lish a Girl's or Woman's Department of the Canton Christian 
 College has been drawn up by the executive committee of 
 
33 
 
 the teaching force of the college, and the same has been en- 
 dorsed by our Mission Council in China. This paper has been 
 considered by the trustees of the Canton Christian College in 
 New York City, and. we have the following from Mr. W. 
 Henry Grant, the secretary of their board : 
 
 "The trustees take great pleasure in the possibility of coopera- 
 tion with your Board in the matter of founding a Woman's Depart- 
 ment of the Canton Christian College. We conceive it as infinitely 
 more important to China at the present time that one strong Chris- 
 tian college for women, with its upper and lower schools, should be 
 established under Christian control than the continuance of schools 
 of denominational character. We are, therefore, happy to consider 
 anything which looks to cooperation in the interest of increased 
 efficiency and quality of work. 
 
 "We suggest the following proposition: That your Board pur- 
 chase or lease land from the Canton Christian College and erect the 
 first building of the Woman's Department, to be called Miller Hall. 
 This building would be occupied at first as both teaching hall and 
 dormitory, or a small hall and one residence could be erected at the 
 same cost. 
 
 "At this time of China's greatest need for thoroughly trained 
 Christian teachers, it would seem a pity to fall short of anything but 
 the best we can provide by uniting our forces, and we believe, with 
 the common end in view of meeting this particular need, that we 
 should not do the second best if we can do the best." 
 
 This proposition from the Canton Christian College to 
 unite in a well equipped woman's school brings us as a de- 
 nomination face to face with a very important question. At 
 the present time there is no school for girls in South China 
 to take them through a thorough middle school and college 
 course. There is now a great demand for this higher edu- 
 cation. 
 
 The Canton Christian College has opened its doors for 
 boys only thus far, and they have now in their affiliated de- 
 partments about three hundred students. During the past 
 year thirty-four young men professed faith in Jesus Christ, 
 and this in spite of the fact that so many of the boys are from 
 heathen homes. 
 
 The one outstanding need for all South China is a strong 
 Christian college, with a department for boys and another of 
 equal efficiency for girls. The trustees of the Canton Chris- 
 tian College are now seeking to establish the girls' department. 
 
 We recommend, therefore, that we relocate the Miller 
 Seminary on the grounds of the Canton Christian College, and 
 that Ave cooperate with the board of trustees of said college 
 if satisfactory agreement concerning the holding of the prop- 
 erty and the management of the school can be made. 
 
 Equipment and Reinforcements. 
 
 During the visit in South China, we sought through the 
 visitation of the field and through numerous council meetings 
 
34 
 
 to know the present condition of missionary work and to 
 formulate a definite statement of our needs. By unanimous 
 vote the Mission Council agreed upon the following: 
 
 I. New Buildings and Grounds Needed. 
 
 (1.) A new chapel and dispensary building combined 
 for our First Church, Canton. Present church membership, 
 151. The church contributed for self-support the last year, 
 $101.53. The present building is much dilapidated, and 
 there is danger of its collapsing. This new church is in a 
 center of 200.000 population. The dispensary facilities con- 
 nected with the present building are utterly inadequate. 
 Cost of new buildings $ 8,000 
 
 (2.) Grounds and residence for evangelistic and med- 
 ical workers in Canton, in case the Beth Eden compound is 
 sold $12,000 
 
 (3.) For grounds and buildings for proposed grammar 
 school in Canton, part of which will doubtless be contribu- 
 ted by the Chinese themselves $12,000 
 
 (4.) At Siu Lam, where we have a church membership 
 of 98, and a population of the city of 250,000, and as many 
 more in the surrounding towns; present need, ground and 
 missionary residence $ 5,000 
 
 (5.) • That we establish a mission station in the Lak 
 Lau district, where there are a million people without any 
 resident missionary, and that we send to that district two 
 missionary families, a medical man and wife, and an evan- 
 gelistic missionarjr and wife. Present needs, for ground and 
 
 residence for evangelistic missionaries $ 6,000 
 
 Grounds and residence for the medical missionary $ 6,000 
 
 (6.) The new Miller Seminary building, equipment, 
 and grounds, including residence. Entire cost $20,000 
 
 (7.) Residence for the middle school representative 
 on the faculty of the Canton Christian College .. $6,000 
 
 Residence for our representative in the proposed Union 
 Medical University $ 6.000 
 
 Total sum for buildings and equipment $81,000 
 
 Amount of money in hand for same $ 5.000 
 
 Amount needed within five years $76,000 
 
 II. The Missionary Staff Necessary to Direct the Work. 
 
 The following is the entire force of American missionaries 
 necessary : 
 
 For Evangelistic Work — Three men and wives, one single 
 woman for country work and one sing'le woman for work 
 in Canton. Total number needed for evangelistic work.... 8 
 
 For Educational Work — A man and wife to teach in 
 the ]\Iiddle School, direct the work of the boys' schools: a 
 man and wife for the Fati Union Seminary; two women for 
 the Miller Seminary. Total 6 
 
 For Medical Work — A man and wife in charge of the 
 hospital at Siu Lam; two women for Canton; a man and wife 
 for the Lak San district; a man and wife for the proposed 
 medical university at Canton. Total medical force needed.. 8 
 
 For Philanthropic Work — A man and wife to have 
 charge of the Foundling Home 2 
 
 Total missionarj' force needed 24 
 
35 
 
 Of the above number, tliirteen ha\'e been provided. We 
 need, therefore, eleven new missionaries for South China, as 
 follows: Two medical missionaries and their wives, two sinj^le 
 women for evang'elistic work, a missionary family to teach in 
 the Middle School of the Canton Christian College, an evan- 
 gelistic missionar}'- and wife who are capable teachers, and a 
 single medical missionary woman. 
 
 W^ithin six months five of these new missionaries should 
 be on their way to China. They are as follows: A physician 
 and his wife, a man and wife for evangelistic work, and a 
 single woman for evangelistic work. 
 
 Let Us Now Act. 
 
 As I close this sur\-ey and think over the sights and ex- 
 periences of the visit in China, I can see the stirring 
 scenes of war, when as one man all South China rose up for 
 liberty, and in Canton one hundred and twenty thousand 
 soldiers were drilling and preparing to fight to a finish the 
 conflict for a new republic. I can see the vast multitudes on 
 the streets of Siu Lam, Lak Lau, and Canton as sheep without 
 a shepherd. I can feel even yet the downward pull of super- 
 stition which sways the millions of China and fills them with 
 fear of evil spirits and leads them to worship and to call upon 
 the spirits of their dead ancestors as their only source of help. 
 
 This visit has brought to me a new sense of appreciation 
 of the political freedom and opportunity in the United States. 
 It has enriched my conception of the transforming, uplifting- 
 power of Jesus Christ, who alone can forgive sins and open 
 up to the pardoned sinner e^•er new possibilities, turning the 
 face from a dead past to a living present, and a wonderful 
 future of victorious partnership with himself. The millions 
 in China are now groping in darkness for such a Savior. 
 
 To have a share in the work of presenting Jesus Christ, 
 the world's Redeemer, to China and of laying the foundations 
 of the kingdom of God for the new Republic of the Orient, 
 that is your privilege and mine. Shall we not through fervent 
 pra^'er, through personal eftort, and l\v the consecration of 
 our lives and our money, say: 
 
 "O Zion .haste thj- mission liigh fulfilling, 
 To tell to all the world that' God is light; 
 
 That he who made all nations is not willing 
 One soul should nerish lost in shades of night. 
 
 Give of thy sons to bear the message glorious; 
 Give of th}^ wealth to speed them on their way, 
 Pour out thy soul for them in prayer victorious; 
 And all thou spcndest Jesus will repaj-." 
 
36 
 
 THE PHILIPPINES. 
 
 Hongkong is but forty-five hours by steamship from 
 Manila. To go from China to the Philippines in January, one 
 sees a most striking contrast. Twenty-six days out of the 
 thirty we spent in China had been damp and cold ; thirty-three 
 out of the thirty-four in the Philippines were full of sunshine 
 and delightfully balmy. 
 
 In Canton, with its population of two million, there were 
 no street cars, no automobiles, and no buggies and horses on 
 her six-foot-wide congested streets, and no stable government 
 to insure protection to life and property. We found Manila 
 changed from an antiquated, mosquito-infested, mediaeval 
 town to a modern city, with beautiful parks and boulevards, 
 and hundreds of automobiles, buggies, and street cars, and 
 over all Old Glory pledging liberty, opportunity, and pro- 
 tection. 
 A Strategic Stroke. 
 
 Not by mere chance were the Stars and Stripes placed 
 over the Philippine Islands fourteen years ago. That was one 
 of God's orderly movements. When the children of Israel 
 were greatly oppressed in Egypt, God saw it and sent Moses 
 to deliver them. So in 1898, the hour had arrived for God to 
 deliver eight million oppressed Filipinos, and he called the 
 United States to do it. One hundred years hence the world 
 will have a better idea of the great purpose God had for the 
 entire Orient when he called the United States to take hold 
 of the Philippines. The strait settlements, China and Japan, 
 will find in the Philippines a powerful object lesson. Presi- 
 dent McKinley's own statement reads like a paragraph from 
 the Bible. He said : 
 
 "When I discovered that the Philippines had fallen into 
 our lap, I confess I did not know what to do with them. I 
 sought counsel from all sides, but got little help. I walked 
 the floor of the White House night after night till after mid- 
 
37 
 
 night, and I am not ashamed to tell that I went down on my 
 knees and prayed God for light and guidance more than one 
 night. Well, it came to me thiS way: (1.) That we could 
 not give these islands back to Spain ; that would be cowardly 
 and dishonorable. (2.) We could not leave them to them- 
 selves, or they would soon have misrule and anarchy. (3.) 
 There was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, to 
 educate and uplift them, to civilize and Christianize them, and 
 by God's grace do the very best we could for them as our 
 fellow-men for whom Christ also di^d. And then I went to 
 bed and to sleep, and slept soundly ; and the next morning I 
 sent for the chief engineer of the war department, who is our 
 mapmaker, and said, 'Put the Philippine Islands on the map 
 of the United States.' " And pointing to a large wall map, 
 he said, "And there they are and shall remain as long as I 
 am President." 
 
 Lifting the Philippines Godward. 
 
 The work accomplished by the American missionary and 
 the American Government for the uplift of the Philippines 
 fills the heart with enthusiastic praises. On the one side the 
 Government has been building roads, introducing sanitary 
 conditions, developing a stable, representative government, 
 and establishing one -of the best school systems on earth, 
 which gives special emphasis to manual and industrial training. 
 On the other hand the American missionary has been lifting 
 by translating the Bible into the languages of the people, by 
 organizing Sunday schools, winning converts to Jesus Christ, 
 and by establishing churches and Christian educational in- 
 stitutions. 
 
 Things are moving at a rapid pace in the Philippines. 
 Think of it! Fourteen years ago only five thousand boys and 
 girls were given any sort of school privileges in the Phil- 
 ippines. To-day there are six hundred and ten thousand in 
 the public schools. 
 
 During the last ten years the missionaries have mastered 
 the various languages, adapted themselves to primitive con- 
 ditions and great hardships in opening up the country, and 
 have won to Christ 52,-KX) converts, who are now being trained 
 to do all kinds of Christian work. 
 
 One of the missionary assets no\\' found in the Philippines 
 is a band of true and tried missionary statesmen — men and 
 women who have survived the change in climate and the task 
 of mastering a new language, and of adapting themselves to 
 strange conditions. These missionaries are now able leaders 
 who will direct wiselv the advances of the next decade. 
 
38 
 
 Quarterly Conference, Concepcion 
 
 Job Room, Philippine U. B. Press 
 
 Inspecting Cement Foundation, Cava U. B. Church 
 
39 
 
 United Brethren Activities. 
 
 We found our own mission work in first-class condition. 
 Missionaries of other communions congratulated us on having 
 what they considered the best type of intensive organization 
 and work among the native local churches found anywhere. 
 All the missionaries in the Philippines are full of enthusiasm 
 similar to that found in Korea. Each one of our own workers 
 has a definite task to do, but each is ready to supplement or 
 take up the work of another when necessary. 
 
 Rev. S. K. Kurtz, who. with his wife and family, is now 
 at this Board meeting on furlough, has been the expert treas- 
 urer, and the past year he has been acting as a professor from 
 the United Brethren Mission in the Union Bible Seminary 
 in Manila, in which institution the Presbyterians, ^Methodists, 
 and United Brethren are cooperating to give the young men 
 of these missions the best possible preparation for the ministry. 
 
 This seminary holds its session each year from June to 
 December, w^hich is the rainy season, when both the mis- 
 sionary professors and the students can best be spared from 
 work on the field. From December to June the weather is 
 ideal for evangelistic work and district institutes, and during 
 these months the students and professors, fresh from the 
 seminary, go forth to put into practice what they have been 
 acquiring during the six months in school. 
 
 Last year our mission had six students in this Union 
 Seminary, and they took two of the three prizes offered for 
 high-grade work. Rev. Mr. Pace, who has been taking special 
 training for a professorship in this Union school, is now on 
 the Pacific returning to the Philippines, and he will find a 
 great opportunity before him as he enters this work June first. 
 
 Miss Weber has been busy starting and developing the 
 Deaconess Training School at San Fernando, and assisting in 
 district institutes. Her work has been highly satisfactory. 
 
 Eighteen students pursued the first year's studies of the 
 deaconess school the past twelve months, and the demand for 
 and importance of this kind of work call for a larger building 
 and another lady missionary. 
 
 Rev. M. W. IMumma has charge of the station at San 
 Fernando, and is editor and publisher of our excellent weekly 
 mission paper, the "Xaimbag a Damag." This paper, which 
 was enlarged from si.x to twelve pages last year, has increased 
 its circulation the last twelve months from 2,350 to 4.050. 
 Bishop Oldham, of the Philippines, declares that this paper has 
 the largest circulation of any religious periodical in the ver- 
 nacular, not only in the Philippines, but in the Orient. 
 Through this paper. Rev. ^Ir. Mumma reaches every week 
 at least ten thousand interested readers, the great majority of 
 whom have no other Christian reading matter whatsoever. 
 
40 
 
 Many have been led to Christ through the reading of this 
 paper. The subscription price is 50 cents per year. It is now 
 almost self-supporting. 
 
 In addition to this excellent mission paper, the Evangel 
 Press, at San Fernando, is sending forth many religious tracts, 
 various forms of Sunday-school helps, and small booklets — 
 literature of the very greatest importance for the Sunday 
 schools and the native church membership. When one sees 
 the great open door in the coast and mountain provinces for 
 the preaching of the gospel by means of the printed page, he 
 can understand why Mr. Mumma is bubbling over with en- 
 thusiasm concerning his work. 
 
 Mrs. Mumma has also such intimate knowledge of the 
 mission press work as to be able to carry it along in addition 
 to hei other duties when her husband is called away. 
 
 Rev. H. W. Widdoes has done high grade work as super- 
 intendent. He puts himself right into the midst of the fight 
 at the front and creates unbounded enthusiasm on the part of 
 his co-workers. Dr. Howard and the writer accompanied 
 the superintendent and Rev. John Abellera on an extensive 
 tour of quarterly meetings, visiting our chief mission stations. 
 These tours were a revelation of the great extent of our 
 mission fields and the hardships our workers have to endure. 
 We journeyed ninety-two miles during one tour, on ox-carts, 
 •carromatas, and then putting aside our vehicles, we saddled 
 the horses and rode them up mountain streams and over clififs. 
 We crossed rivers on bamboo rafts nine times. 
 
 During the rainy season, when as much as seventy-eight 
 inches of water fall in four days, these rivers become giants, 
 from a mile to three miles wide. 
 
 Having held three meetings one day, we came to the last 
 "river for to cross"' after eleven o'clock at night, just as the 
 moon was disappearing in the west and darkness prevented us 
 from seeing anything across the river. Contrary to arrange- 
 ment, the raftsman had gone to bed, on the side of the river 
 •opposite from us, and we had to wake him or stay all night 
 on the south bank. One after another began to call, but no re- 
 sponse. After fifteen minutes of vain endeavor, all came close 
 together like a group of students giving their college yell, and 
 we focalized and greatly intensified our call: "Bal-cero! Bal- 
 ce-ro ! Hoy Bal-ce-ro ! — Raftsman ! Raftsman ! Ho ! Rafts- 
 man !" Soon the dogs in the darkness across the river began 
 to bark, and later the raftsman signaled that he was on the 
 way ; but when the raft finally arrived, it was so small our 
 party had to be taken across on the installment plan, each trip 
 requiring about half an hour. We arrived at our destination 
 just one hour after midnight and found sleep most refreshing. 
 
 The preaching services and evangelistic meetings held on 
 
41 
 
 this tour were largely attended. Of chief interest to the writer, 
 however, were the quarterly business meetings. Our super- 
 intendent showed marked ability in the way these were con- 
 ducted. Written reports were submitted by each pastor, Sun- 
 day-school superintendent, steward, class leader, and lay 
 preacher. These often called out helpful discussions. 
 
 I was especially interested in the reports of the lay 
 preachers who do their work without remuneration. One 
 reported twenty-five Bible classes, twenty addresses, and 168 
 personal interviews with men during the quarter, seeking to 
 lead them to Christ. 
 
 While Rev. Mr. A\'i(l(loes has been making such extensive 
 tours as here described, Mrs. Widdoes and their five enthus- 
 iastic children have had to live alone in their home in Tagudin, 
 separated some twenty-five miles from other missionaries. 
 Their interest in the work is so intense tliat they do not think 
 it a hardship. 
 
 Lay Delegates, Philippine U. B. Annual Conference, February, 1912. 
 
 A Trip to Annual Conference. 
 
 'i'he I'hilippine Annual Conference was held at Tubao, 
 February 15-18. We had a lively experience journeying from 
 San Fernando to the place of the Annual Conference, a dis- 
 tance of twenty-seven miles. At eight o'clock on Thursday 
 morning. February 15, a large covered wagon, drawai by three 
 
42 
 
 mules and a horse, stopped at the mission house at San Fer- 
 nando for its cargo, which consisted of Rev. and Mrs. \Mddoes, 
 their five children, and Miss Weber, and a good supply of 
 bread, canned butter, cut beef, and culinary articles. Mr. 
 Mumma and the writer followed a half hour later, caught up 
 with the first division at Bawang, seven miles south of San 
 Fernando, where a preaching service was held at 9:30 a.m. 
 
 Then we drove seven miles farther south to Cava and at 
 11 a.m. laid the corner stone of the new Otterbein Memorial 
 Church. This church is named in honor of the Otterbein 
 charge in East Ohio Conference, whose good people are giv- 
 ing one thousand dollars for its erection. The members of 
 the Cava church were out in large numbers. They them- 
 selves are doing much to erect this cement block church. 
 After appetizing refreshments in the hospitable home of Rev. 
 and Mrs. Abellera, we were off again for the three-mile drive 
 to the northern terminus of the railroad at Aringay. From 
 there we journeyed by train to Agoo, five miles south, hoping 
 at this place to find horses and carts ready to take us into the 
 mountains to the place of the Annual Conference ; but every 
 horse had been engaged by the Government ofiicials for other 
 purposes, and so we all had to put up for the night in the 
 home of an American school teacher, and get ready for a 
 start by daylight the next morning. The five miles from Agoo 
 to Tubao cannot be made by wagon or carriage, there being no 
 certain roadway, and so, some on foot, some on ox-cart, and 
 others on horseback, we crossed a river seventeen times and 
 arrived at Tubao in time for the first business session of the 
 conference. 
 
 Gains During Past Year. 
 
 The sessions of the Annual Conference were held in a 
 bamboo tabernacle covered with cocoanut leaves for a roof. 
 The attendance was large and the reports uplifting. After de- 
 ducting all losses for the year the communicant membership 
 increased from 1517 to 1792, or a net gain of eighteen per cent. 
 The Sunday-school attendance advanced from 821 to 1408, or 
 a gain of seventy per cent., and the increase in self-support on 
 the part of the native Church was from $333.37 to $686.68. 
 
 Three new churches were organized in important places 
 the past year, namely in Manila, where there are ten thousand 
 Ilocanos who look to us for the privileges of the gospel. The 
 church was organized in this capital city four months ago, 
 with nineteen intelligent, strong members. This will develop 
 rapidly into what I believe will be one of the strongest local 
 churches in the Philippines, for there are a great many wide- 
 awake Ilocanos in Manila, as government clerks, stewards in 
 hotels, and merchants. This church will furnish a field of 
 
43 
 
 active service for our seminary students during the rainy 
 season. 
 
 A church was also organized this year at Baguio, the sum- 
 mer capital, to which place a new railroad is being constructed, 
 and the population is destined to multiply rapidly. The third 
 place opened is that of Concepcion, a point far up in the 
 mountain province — the farthest advance we have made in 
 giving the gospel to the five hundred thousand of this terri- 
 tory, many of whom are half-savage and are destitute of gospel 
 privileges. 
 
 In spirit, character, and efficiency the Filipino pastors 
 take high rank. Our missionaries have been wisely led in 
 securing such a noble band of Christian native leaders who 
 are just now entering upon their most active years of service, 
 and they have caught the spirit of evangelism and extension of 
 the kingdom of God, and are throwing their lives into the work 
 in a way that is most encouraging. 
 
 The Next Forward Steps. 
 
 It was a real joy to talk over with the missionaries their 
 past achievements and to discuss their present problems and 
 future needs. 
 
 ]\lost thorough investigations were made which led up 
 to the following recommendations: 
 
 1. New Chapels and Churches. 
 
 Our Filipino workers are making advances along two 
 lines ; first, by organizing and developing their local churches 
 and seeking to build permanent church buildings: second, by 
 cultivating the spirit of missionary extension in their confer- 
 ence so as to occupy the adjacent mountain province. 
 
 Proper chapels have already been erected in San Fer- 
 nando, Balaoan, and Tagudin, and chapels are in progress of 
 erection at Cava and Bawang. 
 
 The Mission Council in the Philippines most earnestly 
 requests that the Board grant them at least two thousand dol- 
 lars each year for the next five years, to aid our Filipino 
 brethren in the erection of chapels in the following towns in 
 which ours is the only Protestant church and in which at 
 present we have but mere temporary shacks or dwelling 
 houses in which to hold religious services : 
 
 Agoo, with a population of 13.000: church membership, 
 111. San Juan, with a population of 12,000; church member- 
 ship, 161. Bacnotan, with a population of 10,000: church mem- 
 bership, 106. Naguilian. with a population of 11.000: church 
 membership, 92. Aringay, with a population of 8.000: church 
 membership, 11. Sto. Tomas. with a population of 4.000; 
 church membership, 40. Bangar, with a population of 9,000; 
 
44 
 
 church membership, 55. Cervantes, with a population of 
 2,500, not yet organized. Luna, with a population of 11,000, 
 not yet organized. 
 
 This aid which we desire to give to our Filipino brethren 
 is, in every instance, to be granted only after the local church 
 lias done its best in providing materials and labor. We can- 
 not state in advance for which towns this help will first be 
 needed, for that depends upon the action of the local church. 
 
 Total amount needed from the Board for these chapels. 
 $10,000. 
 
 In addition to the above, for suitable lots and church 
 buildings in the city of Manila and in Baguio, we should pro- 
 vide as soon as possible $10,000. Grand total needed for new 
 buildings, $20,000. 
 
 2. Other Buildings and Equipment. 
 
 Land in San Fernando. An immediate need is ground to 
 be added to the Mission Compound in San Fernando, to pro- 
 vide for a suitable site for the Deaconess Training School, the 
 liospital. the Evangel Press, and the dormitories. A very sat- 
 isfactory property is under consideration which lies adjacent 
 to our present mission property, and which could probably 
 be purchased for $2,500. 
 
 Deaconess Training School. This school has already out- 
 grown its present quarters, and because of the very important 
 relation it bears to the extension of the work among the women 
 and children, a larger and more satisfactory building should 
 be erected as soon as possible. The Mission Council has al- 
 ready voted to request the Woman's Missionary Association 
 to devote the proceeds of the Woman's Day Offering for 1912 
 to this purpose. It is estimated that this building will cost 
 $5,000. 
 
 Hospital. Within a year after the arrival of the physician, 
 whom we so urgently need, it will be necessar}^ to build a 
 hospital. The people for the most part are too ignorant to 
 obey the instructions of a physician, and accordingly all 
 serious cases should necessarily be treated in a hospital, in 
 order to secure best results. The estimated cost of this build- 
 ing, with equipment, is $5,000. 
 
 Evangel Press. Finding that our printing plant will soon 
 need larger and more satisfactory quarters, we recommend 
 that within two years from this time a concrete building should 
 be erected for this purpose at a probable cost of $2,500 and 
 for added facility a cylinder press costing about $1,500 should 
 be secured. In all probability this plant will be able to pro- 
 vide a portion of the funds needed for this purpose from its 
 income. 
 
45 
 
 Dormitory. Believing that the dormitories or hostels 
 for high school students are very essential for properly con- 
 ducting religions work in their behalf, we expect to continue 
 this work among the students on an increasingly larger scale. 
 If it continues to develop as we believe it will, we shall need 
 within three years one and possibly two dormitories for high 
 school students, the cost of which we estimate at $2,500. 
 
 Total for other buildings and equipment, $19,000. 
 
 Class in Basketry, Normal School, Showing Work of Unrle Sam's Schools. 
 
 3. Extension of Territory. 
 
 To the north and east of Union Province, where we began 
 our mission work, is the great territory known at present as 
 Mountain Province, containing a population of 500,000, mostly 
 pagans. This territory is divided into seven sub-provinces : 
 Benguet, Amburayan, Lepanto, Ifugao, Kalinga, Apayao, and 
 Bontoc. We have two organized churches in Benguet and 
 seven churches in .Amburayan, the capital of which is Tagudin. 
 Last September Ave began work in Lepanto, and now have one 
 church there besides several other interested congregations. 
 A worker will be stationed at Cervantes, the capital of Lep- 
 anto, to carry the gospel farther back into the mountains next 
 year. Aside from a little work being done by the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in Baguio, Benguet, and in the sub-prov- 
 ince of Bontoc, there is no evangelical work being done in the 
 rest of this great Mountain Province. Ifugao, sub-province 
 containing 127,000 pagan Igorots, lies adjacent to our work 
 in Amburayan and Lepanto. This territory has never been 
 
46 
 
 assigned to any mission by the Evangelical Union. It would 
 naturally fall to the Methodists or United Brethren, inasmuch 
 as it joins the territory of both these missions. Bishop Old- 
 ham, representing ithe Methodist Episcopal Mission, has 
 urged us to take the responsibility for this Ifugao country. 
 
 The [Mission Council therefore recommends that we im- 
 mediately push our operations farther inland, thus adding a 
 field of 127,000 pagan population to our present field. 
 
 4. Reinforcements. 
 
 The mission needs the following reinforcements : A 
 deaconess to assist Miss Weber to carry on the work in the 
 Deaconess Training School ; a physician and later a nurse to 
 minister to our three hundred thousand people who are now 
 practically without the benefit of such work ; a man and wife, 
 or a single man and a single woman to reinforce the general 
 missionary workers. With the expansion of our work there is 
 danger of being crippled by the temporary breakdown of some 
 of our missionaries. It is difficult even now for any of them 
 to take a few days' vacation on account of the pressure of 
 work already begun. 
 
 5. Union Work. 
 
 Union Christian College. The need of a Christian college 
 in the Philippines to provide higher education under Christian 
 influence has become so pressing that all of the missions labor- 
 ing in the islands have united in expressing their desire to 
 establish such an institution. A committee was appointed by 
 the Evangelical Union (union of the evangelical missions in 
 the islands) for the purpose of drawing up a constitution and 
 articles of incorporation. This constitution and the accom- 
 panying articles have been presented to all of the missions 
 during the past six months for their consideration, and have 
 been approved by the Protestant Episcopal, Methodist Epis- 
 copal, Baptist, Presbyterian, Christian, and our own missions. 
 
 This constitution provides that the $130,000 needed to 
 properly equip and establish this college, shall be contributed 
 b}^ the different missions as follows : The Methodist Episcopal 
 and the Presbyterian, each $33,000; the Baptist, Congrega- 
 tional, Christian, Protestant Episcopal, and United Brethren, 
 each $15,000. Each mission shall pay two-fifths of its share 
 at the time of the signing of the Articles of Incorporation, and 
 the remainder in three annual payments. For the United 
 Brethren Mission this would be $6,000, to be contributed in 
 the beginning, and $3,000 each year for three years. 
 
 The committee of the Evangelical Union having found a 
 very satisfactory site which may be purchased for about 
 $15,000, has entered into negotiations to secure it. In order 
 
47 
 
 that these negotiations may be closed, the committee has re- 
 quested that each mission furnish, as soon as it passes favor- 
 ably upon this college proposition, its pro rata share of the pur- 
 chase price of the land, this amount to be deducted from the 
 above mentioned payment due at the time of the signing of 
 the articles of incorporation. 
 
 Union Bible Seminary. This institution is now in opera- 
 tion in ?^Ianila in buildings owned by the Methodist Episcopal 
 and Presbvterian missions. Our mission was invited to co- 
 operate, and has done so during the past year, sending Mr. 
 Kurtz as a member of the faculty, and six of our native pastors 
 to enter the school. The only extra expense entailed by this 
 cooperation is the rental of quarters for the students. It is the 
 unanimous desire of our mission to continue in this coopera- 
 tion under the present conditions until the aforementioned 
 Christian college shall have been established. At such time 
 it is hoped the seminary will permanently locate in the vicinity 
 of the college, in order to permit the students of either in- 
 stitution to take courses in the other, and also that certain 
 instructors of one institution may be available for the other, 
 as may be found advisable. Until such permanent location of 
 the seminary shall take place, it will not be advisable for our 
 mission to erect any buildings, but after that it may become 
 necessarv to erect a residence for our representative on the 
 faculty and a dormitory for the students at a probable cost of 
 $3,000. However, if the seminary be organically connected 
 with the Union Christian College, as is now being planned, 
 these buildings may be provided for from the funds contrib- 
 uted for the latter institution. 
 
 Union Church, Baguio. Since Baguio, the summer capital 
 of the Philippines, is common territory, and the Methodists 
 have asked for cooperation in a union church, we therefore 
 recommend that a union church be established in Baguio, if 
 satisfactory arrangements can be made with the Methodist 
 Mission, with a probable outlav on the part of our Mission 
 of $1,500. 
 
 Union School for Missionaries' Children. The Mission 
 Council recommends the cooperation with other missions in 
 the erection and equipment of a hostel at Baguio for mis- 
 sionaries' children, inasmuch as the government has ofTered to 
 furnish the school building and the teacher as soon as twenty 
 children are secured for the school. 
 
 United Church for the Philippines. 
 
 Our missionaries in the Philippines favor, as the ultimate 
 goal, a united evangelical Filipino church ; and they believe 
 that the presentation of this ideal will greatly stimulate the 
 progress of the gospel and the establishment of self-supporting 
 churches. When the time is ripe for the organization of such 
 
48 
 
 a native church our Mission, with the others, should cooperate 
 in a most effective manner with this Filipino church until it 
 becomes sufficiently strong to support, direct, and extend its 
 own work, and thus give to these islands the unspeakable 
 blessing of a pure, aggressive evangelical church filled with 
 the spirit of God. 
 
 General Summary and Conclusion. 
 
 I am deeply grateful to God and to the Church for having 
 had the privilege of this visit to the mission fields of the Orient. 
 I gave all my strength to fulfill as thoroughly as possible the 
 task assigned me. More than can be expressed in words do I 
 appreciate the devotion, the ability, and the unbounded hos- 
 pitality of our missionaries in Japan, China, and the Philip- 
 pines. At great personal sacrifice they cooperated most heart- 
 ily towards making the visit and the investigations produce 
 permanent fruitage. 
 
 I wish to record also the great assistance rendered by Dr. 
 A. T. Howard, who accompanied me to China and the Philip- 
 pines. His many years of experience in practical mission work 
 in Japan, and his wide study of the ever changing missionary 
 problems of the Orient, enabled him to enrich greatly our coun- 
 cils and platform meetings. 
 
 The program of advance recomm.ended in this report as 
 our share in the enlarged work that must soon be done in the 
 Orient is the very least we should do. 
 
 As already stated, during the next few years we should 
 send out twenty new missionaries — four to Japan, eleven to 
 China, and five to the Philippines. 
 
 In addition to enlarging the annual appropriations for the 
 expanding current work, Avithin five years we should secure 
 for grounds, buildings, and equipment, $184,250 — $54,250 for 
 Japan, $76,000 for China, and $54,000 for the Philippines. 
 
 It is the conviction of the missionaries and the judgment 
 of your secretary, that to carry out the program recommended 
 in this report, there should be a closer supervision of the entire 
 work of the Orient by an experienced missionary well adapted 
 to such work. I therefore heartily endorse the recommenda- 
 tion from the field that this Board elect a superintendent for 
 the Orient in accordance with the provision of our Church 
 Discipline. 
 
 The experiences of the past six months have produced a 
 deep conviction with me that the entire Orient is right now 
 passing through an absolutely new era. This is the time of all 
 times to plant the Christian Church securely and establish 
 Christian institutions in these whitened harvest -fields. Not 
 five or two years hence, but right now there must be a decided 
 enlargement of the number of missionary workers, and of 
 
49 
 
 funds for new l)uildings, or this extraordinary opportunity 
 will pass unimproved. If we, as a church, put into execution 
 at once the policies and advance steps here recommended, we 
 shall exert an influence for the unity and efficiency of the 
 entire missionary work in the Orient far beyond our numerical 
 and financial strength. 
 
 As I witnessed the remarkable changes now going on in 
 Japan, Korea, China, and the Philippine Islands, there came to 
 my mind again and again these lines: 
 
 " God is working his purpose out 
 
 As year succeeds to year ; 
 God is Avorking his purpose out. 
 
 And the time is drawing near — 
 Nearer and nearer draws the lime. 
 
 The time that shall surely be 
 When the earth shall be filled with the glory of God 
 
 As the waters cover the sea." 
 
 N. B. — The Foreign Mission Board at its annual session 
 at Harrisburg. Pa . Ma\' ()-9. 1912. unanimously approved the 
 recommcndatiou^- of the foregoing report. 
 

THE OTTEBBBIN PBESS 
 Dayton, Ohio 
 
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 BX9878.76 .H86 
 
 Report of a visit to Japan, China and 
 
 Princeton Theological Seminary-Speer Library 
 
 1 1012 00047 0452 
 
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