HISTORY of the WOMEN'S MISSION- ARY ASSOCIATION JUBILEE EDITION tihxaxy of €he trheolo^icd ^tminavy PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY PRESENTED BY Rufus H. LeFevre RUr -:? Mrs. L. R. Harford President of the Women's Missionary Association. Serving since 1875 as General Secretary, Editor of Evangel or President. HISTORY of The Women's Missionary Association of the United Brethren in Christ By. Mrs. L. R. Harford and Alice E. Bell 1411 U. B. BUILDING DAYTON, OHIO 1921 List of Illustrations Mrs. L. R. Harford Frontispiece Miss Lizzie Hoffman 10 Some Pioneers of 1872 11 Mrs. G. Fritz 20 The National Presidents 28 Map of Sierra Leone 54 Mrs. D. L. Rike 58 First Chapel at Rotifunk 59 Martyrs Memorial Church 59 Map of South China 1^ The Elizabeth Kumler-Miller Seminary for Girls 84 Entrance to the Coover Dispensary 85 Map of the Philippine Islands 97 The Young Women's Bible Training School 110 Five Deaconesses 110 Vera B. Blinn 128 Map of Japan 112 Japan Mission Conference 111 Map of Porto Rico 122 Sunday School, Ponce, Porto Rico 126 Girls' Boarding School, Santa Cruz 127 Map of Home Missions 132 FOREWORD In a review of fifty years confined to so brief a story as this little volume contains, many interesting facts must be necessarily omitted. The hand of God is clearly seen in the work of the half century and as we pause at this Jubilee time we exclaim with the Psalmist ''The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad.'' The early leaders of our Association represented some of the best minds of their day. Very few had enjoyed even a brief period of college training. Those were days of limited opportunities, little wealth, mea- ger literature, weak churches and an untried way ahead. But they were women of a deep religious ex- perience and an unshakable faith in God. The W'omen's Missionary Association stands on a founda- tion of consecrated personalities. It is not a human organization, but part of a divine plan which calls for the continued consecration of lives and service until the crown be won — His Crown be won. It is a matter of unusual significance that one of the authors of this History — Mrs. L. R. Harford, has spanned all but three of the fifty years in active official service and is still our honored leader. She is not re- sponsible for the use of her pictures in this History. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library http://www.archive.org/details/historyofwomensmOOharf THE WOMEN'S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. The women of the Protestant churches of the United States first responded to the appeals of returned missionaries to give active sympathy and cooperation in giving the Gospel to women and children of non- Christian lands by organizing societies in the late six- ties and early seventies. This general movement began with small groups in churches meeting for prayer — which led to a desire to interest others in active service — growing into organization. In line with the other denominations, the women of the United Brethren in Christ were enlisted. Ohio German women organize. The earliest rec- ord of organized effort is *'The Sisters' Missionary Society" of the Ohio German Conference, May, 1869. Meetings for prayer were held quarterly in local churches. Contributions and reports were made to the annual conference, the conference disbursing the funds for the support of German missions within the confer- ence. In the four years to 1872-73, the average mem- bership per year was 241. The total contributions were $1,148.95. Rev. E. Lorenz, of Parkersburg, West Virginia, was supported as their missionary. 8 The Women's Missionary Association Organisation. The organization of the Women's Missionary Association first took form in the heart and mind of one woman. Miss Lizzie Hoffman (afterward Mrs. Derrickson) was burdened with the need of a deeper consecration in her own life, and the answer to her prayer was the question, *'Are you willing to go to Africa?" She felt unqualified for this work, and it became a burden that was almost unbearable during the year that followed. One evening, taking her Bible, she went to her room and spent the night in prayer. It was nearly dawn when the burden rolled off and she could say, "Lord, use me as it seemeth to thee good." Soon she became impressed that the women of our Church should be organized for special work for mis- sions. She consulted Rev. John Kemp, who at once became interested. Personal visitations were made among the women in the Dayton churches and a general call was issued to the women and ministers of the Miami Conference to meet in Home Street Church (now Euclid Avenue) on May 9, 1872, for the purpose of organizing. Miami organizes. The call, which was issued in the Telescope, had a good response, and a meeting of unusual interest and significance was held. Dr. G. A. Funkhouser, of The Bonebrake Theological Seminary, was chosen chairman of the convention. He stated the object of the meeting, and, after prayer and thorough discussion, an organization was effected and the fol- lowing officers elected : President, Mrs. T. N. Sowers; Vice President, Mrs. D. L. Rike; Secretary, Miss Katie Ells; Corre- Organization 9 spending Secretary, Miss Lizzie Ilofifman ; Treasurer, Mrs. L. Davis; Directors, Mrs. W. J. Shuey, Mrs. H. K. Hoffman, Mrs. H. Schenck, Mrs. G. Bocla. Constitution adopted. The following preamble to the constitution adopted at that meeting indicates the spirit and purpose of those pioneer women. "Believing that the promulgation of the gospel of Jesus Christ throughout the world depends upon the success of Christian missions, and that the responsi- bility of this success devolves upon all Christians, we therefore do, in obedience to the command of our risen Lord and Savior, *Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature,' in convention assembled at the United Brethren Summit Street Church, in the city of Dayton, Ohio, on the ninth day of May, 1872, pursuant to proper notice given through the Religious Telescope, hereby in the name of the divine Master, and moved, we trust, by the Holy Spirit, organize our- selves into a missionary association by the adoption of the following constitution." Their constitution became the model for all suc- ceeding Branch organizations. This conference organization held quarterly meet- ings, and their full reports, published in the Telescope, indicate great interest and enthusiasm. This was not a spasm, and when, at the close of the first year, some women thought their membership terminated and their duty was fulfilled, one of the leaders published a chal- lenging ultimatum : "When there are no more souls to be saved through the gospel, no more lost sheep to hunt up and bring into Christ's fold, then, and not till 10 The Women's Missionary Association then, does your membership expire — or until the Mas- ter calls from labor to rest." At the close of the first year, from July 20, 1872, to August 13, 1873, there were reported twenty-five soci- eties with an approximate membership of 500 and re- ceipts of $322.35. .Miss Lizzie Hofifman, corresponding" secretary, was employed as organizer, but after serving about fourteen months she resigned because of illness in her home which made it necessary for her to leave Ohio. California organizes. An announcement in the Telescope from Dr. D. K. Flickinger reported the organization of the women of California Conference on May 8, 1872, one day earlier than the date announced for Miami Conference, but no further report of their w^ork was recorded. The General Conference of 1873 took special note of this new movement among the women of the Church. The Bishop's quadrennial address to that body includes the following paragraph : "The Women's Missionary Association, but re- cently started, bids fair, with proper management, to become an important auxiliary to the general cause. The General Conference will be expected to make some recognition of this Association and give it such encour- agement as its importance demands." Dr. D. K. Flickinger, secretary of the General Board of Missions, included the following recommen- dation in his report to the Conference : "Give the Wom- en's Missionary Movement in our Church a favorable recognition and encourage the organization of societies Miss Lizzie Hofifman In whose heart was born the first conception of the Women's Missionary Association. Mrs. L. Davis Miss Katie Ells Some Pioneers of 1872 Organization 11 in all the annual conferences, the same to be auxiliary to the conference to which they belong." Encouraged by General Conference. The Com- mittee on Missions at the General Conference consid- ered the matter and reported : "Your committee is pleased to learn that God has put it into the hearts of many of the devoted women of the Church to organize women's missionary associations in the various annual conferences ; and we mention it to the special credit of the women of the Miami Annual Conference that they were the first in the whole denomination, so far as known, to organize an association and commence oper- ations ; therefore "Resolved, That we recommend their zeal and en- terprise in this good work to the favorable considera- tion of the v/omen of the Church in all our annual con- ferences." The women of the White River Conference were the next to fall into line. They were organized Novem- ber 24, 187v3, at Williamsburg, Indiana. It was inevit- able that the organization of a central board should soon follow. When Mrs. M. B. Hadley returned from Africa in 1874, she was appointed corresponding secretary of the Women's Missionary Association of Miami Confer- ence. She devoted practically all her time to the visi- tation of churches in the interest of women's work. She organized societies and advocated that the women support their own missionary in Africa. At the meeting of the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Mission Board in May, 1875, members of the Women's Missionarv Association of Miami Branch were invited 12 The Women's Missionary Association to take part in the discussions. A committee consist- ing of Bishops Glossbrenner, Edwards, and Dr. W. J. Shuey was appointed to consult with the officers of the Branch concerning the future development of women's work in the denomination and its relation to the Gen- eral Board of the Church. The following was their report : 1. We recognize in our Christian women an es- sential aid in the prosecution of our missionary enter- prises, and we therefore assure our sisters in Christ that any proper measures of cooperation in our work, adopted by them, will receive our hearty approval. 2. We advise our Christian women to organize, at an early period, a general women's missionary so- ciety to be auxiliary to this Board. 3. To render their work more successful, it will doubtless be wisest in them to propose some field or fields in which they desire to sustain one or more mis- sionaries. Also, to nominate a person or persons to occupy such fields or field, which proposed fields and laborers shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Missions or the Executive Committee. On compliance with these conditions, this Board agrees to aid them in the support of such laborers, pro- vided their funds are insufficient to do so. 4. We invite the sisters of such society to meet with the Board in its annual sessions and to participate in its counsels in relation to our work. Through a number of articles in the Telescope, Rev. D. K. Flickinger, secretary, and Rev. J. W. Hott, treasurer of the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Mission- ary Society, urged the calling of a general meeting for Organization 13 the purpose of org-anizing a Woman's Board of Mis- sions. General meeting called. In September of 1875, a meeting was called in First Church, Dayton, Ohio, to consider the issuing of a call for such a general meet- ing. Only six women responded — Mrs. T. N. Sowers, Mrs. D. L. Rike, Mrs. W. J. Shuey, Mrs. L. R. Keister (Harford), Mrs. W. H. Lanthurn, and Mrs. L. Davis. Some of them were faint-hearted and timid, and felt that they could not do a work similar to that done by women in sister denominations, but Mrs. Sowers had been convinced that God was calling the women of our Church to larger responsibilities, and she replied, "Others cannot do our work. If God calls, dare we falter?" As a result of this meeting, a call was issued through the Telescope of September 29, 1875, as fol- lows: "For the purpose of creating a greater interest and zeal in the cause of missions, and laboring more directly in the work of the divine Master by bringing into more active and efficient service the sisters of the Church, a call is made for a Woman's Missionary Con- vention to meet in the First U. B. Church in Dayton, Ohio, Thursday, October 21, 1875, at ten o'clock a.m. It is expected and greatly desired that all delegates appointed by the late annual conference be present to assist in effecting a more thorough organization. It is furthermore desired that the convention shall partake largely of the nature of a mass meeting. We therefore invite all persons interested in this work to be present. "The society feels that for the time it has been in operation, notwithstanding the difficulties and hin- 14 The Women's Missionary Association drances incident to all new organizations, it has much to encourage. It feels that a great and glorious work lies in the future for it to accomplish. Come, then, we say to our sisters abroad ; come one, come all, and join in the accomplishment of this object. "All delegates and others will please report (on their arrival) at the Telescope office, where they will be cordially received and waited upon to homes as- signed them." Many annual conferences at their fall sessions passed resolutions approving and pledging support to the movement, and appointed women as delegates to the meeting in Dayton. National Board organized. The call was answered by nine conferences ; Miami, Scioto, Sandusky, Michi- gan, Indiana, and Western Reserve sent delegates ; Lower Wabash, Virginia, and Allegheny were repre- sented by women living in Dayton, whose husbands were members of these conferences. Letters of encour- agement were received from delegates appointed by several other conferences, but who were unable to at- tend. Two days, October 21 and 22, 1875, were spent in faithful, prayerful work. A constitution that had been previously published was discussed, amended, and adopted, and ''The Woman's Missionary Association" was organized and the following officers elected : President, Mrs. T. N. Sowers ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. Z. A. Colestock; Mrs. M. (Hadley) Bridgeman ; Mrs. S. Haywood ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. L. R. Keister (Harford) ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. D. L. Rike; Treasurer, Mrs. W. J. Shuey. Organization 15 Miami Branch paid its funds of more than $300 into the treasury of the General Association. First Board meeting. The first annual meeting of the Board was held in First Church, Dayton, Ohio, in May, 1876. Nine delegates representing five annual conferences were present. It was the conviction of all who attended this meeting that the work of the Asso- ciation should be among the women and children of non-Christian lands, and it was voted that "the funds now in the treasury be used for the founding and sup- port of a mission school in Africa." The meeting of the Board held in May, 1877, was significant in that it provided for the permanency of the organization. Only six delegates from Miami, Scioto, and Sandusky Branches were present. They reported eighteen locals with approximately 300 mem- bers. The sum of $756.69 was reported by the treas- urer. At this meeting Mrs. A. L. Billheimer, who was the first woman to be sent as a missionary from our Church, had returned from Africa, and was appointed organizer for the Association. Mrs. D. L. Rike and Mrs. A. L. Billheimer were appointed to represent the Board at the General Conference of 1877. They, with Mrs. L. R. Keister (Harford), were requested to pre- pare a memorial to the Conference asking that they authorize the Woman's Missionary Association and give it a recognized place among the boards of the Church. Authorized by General Conference. These women were cordially received by the Conference and a special time, both at an evening and morning session, was set apart in which to present their cause. 16 The Women's Missionary Association All opposition, which had been bitter on the part of some, seemed to melt away and by a rising vote on the following resolution the Association was unani- mously endorsed : ''This Association comes to us to be recognized by the General Conference as the helpmeet of the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society. "We recommend, therefore, the recognition of this relation by the ratification of their constitution and the confirmation of their offtcers." Great activity in organization followed, so that by December of the same year the following eleven Branches had been organized : Miami, Scioto, San- dusky, Lower Wabash, Virginia, East Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, North Ohio, Upper Wabash, Michigan, and Oregon. At the beginning of the celebration of the Jubilee Year, May 19, 1921, the Association had grown to thirty-eight Branch organizations, nine hundred and twelve Local Societies, four hundred and sixty-eight Chapters of the Otterbein Guild, and a total member- ship of forty-nine thousand, two hundred fifty-eight. Form of Organizatioyi. By the terms of the constitution, the Association is under the direction of the General Conference, and submits quadrennial reports to that body. By the action of the General Conference in 1909, it works in cooperation with the Foreign Missionary Society and the Home Missionary Society. The organization includes a Board of Managers, a Board of Trustees, Annual Conference Branch Or- Organization - 17 ganizations, Local Societies, and Otterbein Guild Chapters, with the Junior Christian Endeavor Societies as a field for missionary training. The Board of Managers met annually until 1913. Beginning with that date, its meetings are held bien- nially. It is composed of a Board of nine Trustees, elected biennially by the Board of Managers, Life Patrons, three delegates elected by each conference Branch, the General Secretary, the Secretary of the Otterbein Guild, the Field Secretaries, the Secretary of the Literature Department, the Secretary of the Thank-Offering Department and Presidents of Branches when present. The Trustees meet before the close of the meeting of the Board of Managers and elect ofiicers. They at- tend to the administration of the affairs of the Asso- ciation, and meet at the call of the General Secretary. Each Branch organization meets annually, and is composed of the officers of the Branch, Life Patrons, Life Directors, and delegates elected by the Locals and Otterbein Guild Chapters. The societies hold monthly meetings and quar- terly business meetings. Any woman or girl may be- come a member of the Local Society or Otterbein Guild Chapter by the payment annually of $L20 and sixty cents dues, respectively. Department of the Otterbein Guild. First Bands. At the Board meeting held in the college chapel at Westerville, Ohio, in 1883, a constitu- tion was adopted for Young Women's Bands. Two Bands were organized the following year (in Central Ohio Branch), one at Circleville, Ohio, with six mem- 18 The Women's Missionary Association bers and the other at Westerville, Ohio, with twenty- three members. The work among the young people increased so encouragingly that in 1889 they were asked to support two teachers in Africa, Miss Frankie Williams and Miss Ellen Groenendyke, and also con- tribute toward the support of a teacher in China. The need of a secretary of this department was recognized and Miss Emma Burtner was appointed by the Board at its meeting in 1889. She, assisted by a committee composed of a member from the Young Women's Band of each of our colleges, was to have charge of the raising of the special fund for the support of the two teachers in Africa and one in China. This committee was also asked to take charge of the Young People's Department of the Evangel and plan ways and means to interest young people. Mrs. Bertha Ger- laugh was made secretary in 1890, and she was suc- ceeded by Miss Marie Shank in 1902. Young Women's Department organized. At the meeting of the Board of Managers at Anderson, Indi- ana, in 1908, the work among the young women was made a distinct department of the Women's Mission- ary Association, the constitution amended, and Miss Justina Lorenz was elected secretary. At a meeting of the Trustees in November, 1909, it was decided to ask the Young Women's Bands to take as their special work the support of the Elizabeth Kumler-Miller Seminary for girls, in China. Upon the resignation of Miss Lorenz in 1909, Miss Ada M. Slusser was elected secretary of this depart- ment, assuming her office May, 1910. One year later, May, 1911, the name of the Young Women's Bands Organization . 19 was changed to Young Women's Missionary Societies. Miss Ada Slusser was compelled to resign because of ill health, and in September, 1911, Miss Geneva Harper, a student volunteer, became secretary. She, in turn, was followed by Miss Vera B. Blinn, elected at the Board Meeting, Myerstown, Pennsylvania, May, 1912. Name changed. The name of the Young Women's Department was again changed and the organization further perfected when at the Board Meeting, Bloom- ington, Illinois, May, 1913, the committee on Young Women's work submitted the following plans, which had been suggested by Miss Blinn : That the name of the department be the Otterbein Guild of the Women's Missionary Association, each local organization to be known as a Chapter. The colors to be royal purple and white. The flower, the violet. That each member of the Guild take the following covenant : "Grateful that T know that my Redeemer liveth,' "Mindful that vast millions of women and girls can never hear the 'tidings of great joy' unless a Christian woman be sent to them. "Remembering that Jesus made loving obedience the supreme test of discipleship, and that his last, most solemn command was, 'Go, teach all nations,' "I gladly enter into this covenant of obedience, that I will not cease to make offerings of prayer, time, and money, to the end that the daughters of sorrow in all lands may know the love of Jesus." Love offering instituted. With these changes be- gan remarkable growth in the young women's work. 20 The Women's Missionary Association In 1914, the first Thanksgiving Praise Service was held and their first annual love offering of $2,534.30 given toward the erection of the Elizabeth Kumler- Miller Seminary in China. In 1915, the Thanksgiving Praise Service was established as an annual event. The love offerings contributed at these services have helped to erect the buildings for the Elizabeth Kumler- Miller Seminary in China, the Young Women's Bible Training School, Philippine Islands, and the Girls' Boarding School, Moyamba, Sierra Leone, Africa, The Spanish-American schools in New Mexico have been the Home Missionary institutions receiving spe- cial support from the Otterbein Guild. In 1915, Miss Blinn resigned as Otterbein Guild secretary, and in April, 1916, Miss Elsie Hall was chosen to fill this position. Growth of the department. Growth in member- ship of the Otterbein Guild Department and increase in gifts is indicated as follows : 1883... 29 1910... $ 901.22 1893... .. 847 1912... 4,629.56 1903... .. 1,093 1914... 6,924.93 1910... .. 2,623 1915... 10,417.85 1913... .. 5,189 1916... 11,959.27 1917... .. 9,580 1917... 13,987.47 1920... ..13,575 1920... 29,780.17 Department of Children's Work. Gleaners' Bands. In 1879, Mrs. G. P. Macklin gathered together the children at Fostoria, Ohio, and organized a Gleaners' Band. This was our first organ- ization among the children. The General Conference Mrs. G. Fritz President of the Sisters' Missionary Society of the Ohio German Conference since its organization, 1869. (The picture was taken on her ninetieth birthday, August, 1921) Organization 21 in 1909 designated the Junior Christian Endeavor Soci- eties as a field for cultivation in missionary education and giving-. Consequently, the Gleaners' Bands were discontinued. At this time there were 146 Bands re- ported, w^ith a membership of 4,273. No definite plans v^ere outlined and the relation- ship w^as not defined, so that little was accomplished during the quadrennium. The General Conference of 1913 turned over the task of adjustment to the Execu- tive Committee of the Board of Control and the Trus- tees of the Women's Missionary Association. The General Junior Committee. Plans were for- mulated, relationships defined, and the work finally left under the direction of the General Junior Committee, composed of a representative of the Christian Endeavor Department, another from the Women's Missionary Association, and a third member chosen by these two. In the fall of 1909, Mrs. G. W. Kitzmiller was ap- pointed the Missionary Secretary of the Junior Depart- ment. This position included caring for the Junior De- partment in the Evangel. She was reelected by the Board of Managers at its meeting in May, 1910. Mrs. Kitzmiller was forced by ill health to resign in 1911. Since that date, the work has been cared for by Miss Geneva Harper, Miss Ida Koontz, and Mrs. O. T. Deever. The Woman's Evangel. Missionary magazine authorized. In the early years of the organization, the facts concerning the work and workers were given to the Church through the columns of the Religious Telescope and the Mis- 22 The Women's Missionary Association sionary Visitor. At the meetings of the Board of Managers in 1879 and 1880, the question of a paper in the interest of the Association was proposed, but noth- ing was done. The desire on the part of the workers for such a paper became so strong that in 1881, at Western, Iowa, the Board of Managers adopted the following resolution : "That the books be open for voluntary contribu- tions, and that when, in the judgment of the Executive Committee, a sufficient amount be secured, and 1,000 subscribers be obtained, the Executive Committe be authorized, in conjunction with a committee appointed by this body, to publish a paper or magazine in the interest of the Woman's Missionary Association of the United Brethren in Christ." At a meeting of the Trustees, October 10, 1881, "The Woman's Evangel" was chosen as the name of the new magazine. The publication began as a modest little messen- ger of sixteen pages, January, 1882, the subscription price being 75 cents ; in clubs of ten, 60 cents. The sub- scription price was reduced four years later to 50 cents. A few years later eight more pages were added, and in January, 1906, it was increased to a thirty-two page magazine. One thousand subscribers were secured before the first issue was printed, and, with the excep- tion of one or two years, it has been able to pay all the expenses of its publication, the salary of its editor, as well as make appropriations to the Literature Depart- ment of the Association. Mrs. L. R. Harford, president of the Association, who was then the corresponding secretary, served also Organization 23 as editor, and continued in this office for eleven years. She declared its purpose in her first editorial, that, inas- much as the "gospel has been to women a glad evan- gel, and because we love much, do we wish to make our work — as the name of the paper signifies — an an- nouncement of glad tidings to some of the five hundred millions of women in the degradation and ruin of false religions and oppressive social customs of heathen nations. It will be the earnest purpose of those who have undertaken the work to make the paper a power in moving hearts to help in the good work of sending the light of life to women and children who are shut out from its blessed influence." The name was changed to "The Evangel" by the Board of Managers at their meeting at lola, Kansas, 1917, going into efifect with the January, 1918, issue. The growth of the subscription list has been gradual, as the following table shows : 1883 1,000 1902 4,783 1892 4,200 1912 8,850 1921 21,042 Mrs. L. K. Miller was associate editor from 1888 until the resignation of Mrs. Keister (Harford) in 1893, when she became the editor and publisher. After the resignation of Mrs. Miller in October, 1904, the Evangel was issued by Mrs. B. F. Witt and Mrs. G. P. Macklin until November, 1905, when Mrs. Mary R. Albert became its editor and publisher, con- tinuing until her marriage to Dr. S. S. Hough, Foreign Missionary secretary, July, 1914. Miss }:Iabel Drury, who had served as a missionary in China, became the new editor. Miss Drury resigned in 1917 to become the 24 The Women's Missionary Association wife of Mr. \V. E. MacDonald, returning with him to China. Miss Vera B. Blinn, already well known to members of the Association, took up the work of editor until her election to the position of General Secretary- Treasurer in 1920. Miss Alice E. Bell was chosen to fill the vacancy, resigning to become General Secretary in 1921. Department of Literature. Committee on Literature. The Board of Managers at its meeting in 1906 appointed Mrs. Mary R. Albert (Hough), Mrs. P. O. Rhodes, and Mrs. H. A. Dowling a committee on literature ; and at the meeting a year later the following recommendation was adopted : "Realizing the need of information on missionary work and of the circulation of missionary literature, we recommend that we establish in our Association the Department of Literature." Mrs. Albert and Mrs. Rhodes were continued a committee, with power to select a third. Mrs. G. P. Macklin was chosen as the third member. During the year, this committee worked out a plan for this depart- ment which, with a few changes, was adopted by the Board at its meeting in Anderson, Indiana, in May, 1908. The plan adopted provides for a General Litera- ture Committee and Branch and Local Secretaries of Literature. The General Literature Committee, which is the head of the department, is composed of the editor of the Evangel, the Department Secretary, who is elected by the Board of Managers, and a third member appointed by the Trustees. This committee plans the vv^ork of the department, encourages the circulation of Organization 25 the Evangel, provides literature, programs, and helps, and, through the Branch and Local Secretaries of liter- ature, helps to develop this work throughout the Asso- ciation. An annual Literature Day is observed when a free-will offering is taken for the work of this De- partment. Mrs. P. O. Rhodes served faithfully as Sec- retary of Literature from 1908 to 19L5 ; Mrs. H. C. Crid- land, 1915-1917; Mrs. L. B. Johns, 1918-1921. In 1921, Mrs. Paul Shannon was chosen. Department of Thank-Off ering. Thank-offering boxes, under the name of Mite Boxes, were used from almost the earliest history of the Association. As early as 1889 they were in great demand. After the organization of the Literature De- partment, their use was directed and encouraged by that department. Because of the favor with which this movement was received, and of the vital importance of the ideal involved in the thank-offering, it was deemed advisable to form a distinct department. This was accomplished at the Board Meeting, June, 1915, and Mrs. Albert Keister was elected secretary. In 19L3, the February meeting was designated as the special thank-offering day, and this has continued to be observed throughout the years. The Love Offer- ing of the Otterbein Guild is also under the direction of this department. The following statistics indicate the growth of the Thank-Offering Department : 26 The Women's Missionary Association No. of Soc. No. of Thank- Using Thank- offering Boxes Amount Year. offering Boxes. Used. of Offering. 1916 403 8,982 $ 5,762.64 1917 580 12,881 10,066.67 1918 668 15,154 13,768.73 1919 721 14,561 19,090.12 1920 663 • 16,275 24,652.05 1921 935 18,198 30,909.83 The department is succeeding not only in gather- ing funds which have been appropriated to edu- cational and evangelistic work among women and chil- dren of our mission fields, but also in teaching the women and girls of the Association to give in recogni- tion of the goodness of God in their every-day lives. Cooperation and Progress 1909-1921 At the meeting of the Board of Managers held at Anderson, Indiana, in May, 1908, a committee was ap- pointed to consider cooperation with the Foreign Mis- sionary Society throughout our whole territory in Africa. The year following, before this committee had a meeting, the Bishops called a meeting of a commis- sion composed of representatives of all the departments of the Church for the purpose of considering how they could so correlate the various interests as to make the whole work of the Church more effective. Out of this grew the question as to whether there could be brought about a greater unity and a closer cooperation between the missionary boards of the Church. Organization 27 The work in the three fields operated by our Asso- ciation, Africa, China, and the Philippine Islands, had grown until the conditions in these fields and their needs were such as to demand the strength and sup- port of the whole Church. This fact was realized by some of our workers at home, and was very keenly felt by the missionaries on the fields. At their annual meet- ings preceding the meeting of the Board of Managers at Akron, Ohio, in 1909, the missionaries on the three fields had taken action, asking our Board to cooperate with the Foreign Missionary Society. Then, too, there was a desire on the part of many of our women for the Association to undertake some definite work in home missions. After consultation with the Foreign and the Home Mission Boards, the Trustees decided to appoint a com- mittee to study the problem and present some plan to the Board of Managers. This committee, after much thought and prayer, presented the following report to the Board at its meeting in Akron in May, 1909: Report on General Conference relations. "This is an age of progress. The spirit of union and coopera- tion for more efifective service is to be found every- where. In political and commercial life the forces are combining to an extent unseen before by the w^orld. They believe that thereby they multiply their powers and increase their efficiency to do things. Combination and efficient superintendency are the very watchword of this commercial age. It is not surprising, therefore, that the same spirit is pervading the ecclesiastical world. At home and abroad there is a great pulse per- meating our entire Church, impelling us to combine 28 The Women's Missionary Association our forces that wc may the better concentrate our ef- forts and increase the effectiveness of our service. The whole wide world for Jesus is the vision born at Olivet which calls for enlarged service at home and abroad. A vision which is less than world-wide is too limited for the King's children. He who sees only the field in which he labors has ceased to stand beside the cross of Calvary and has forgotten the commission from Olivet. *It is the whole business of the whole church to preach the whole gospel to the whole world as speedily as possible.' *'Your Committee on General Conference Rela- tions has carefully canvassed the matter of coopera- tion betv-,-een the Woman's Missionary Association and the Foreign and the Home Missionary Boards of our Church. By correspondence and personal interviews, the opinions of many of the leading men and women of the denomination have been secured relative to these important matters. We find that it is the general con- viction at home and in the foreign fields that coopera- tion with the Foreign Missionary Society should obtain. We also find a desire quite general among ouj- people for cooperation with the Home Missionary Soci- ety. We, therefore, after much prayer and deliberation, bring to you the following recommendations : "I Foreign — We advise that the Woman's Mis- sionary Association and the Foreign Missionary Soci- ety cooperate in all the mission fields of the Church — Africa, China, Japan, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands. "Provided, 1. That the Foreign Missionary Soci- ety will accept the responsibility of the work now car- The National Presidents of the Association Mrs. T. N. Sowers 1875-1879 Mrs. Sylvia Haywood 1879-1887 Mrs. L. K. Miller 1887-1905 Mrs. L. R. Harford 1905- Organization 29 ried on by the Woman's Missionary Association in Africa, China, and the Philippine Islands, and will con- tinue the operation of the same ; we agreeing to merge all our property interests in the fields with that of the Foreign Missionary Society, and to assume some part of the work in each field now occupied by them, as shall be agreed upon by the Executive Committee. "2. That we be represented by one-third of the members of the Foreign Missionary Board and of the Executive Committee of the same, who shall be chosen from and by the trustees of the Woman's ^Missionary Association. "3. That all moneys given by any woman's organ- ization for home or foreign missions be sent to the Branch Treasurer, who in turn shall submit quarterly reports to the Conference Treasurer in order that the charge may have due credit in the m.issionary standards as adopted by the various boards. "4. That we ask the Committee on Foreign Mis- sions for the General Conference to bring in a recom- mendation defining the field at home from which we may raise funds. "5. That the form and plan of our organization remain as it has been. "11 Home — After full consideration of the home side of the work, we having been organized from the first of our Association to do both home and foreign work, we recommend that we cooperate with the Home Missionary Society. ''Provided, 1. That the auxiliary movement in- augurated by the Home Missionary Board be discon- tinued, and that they give the strength of their support 30 The Women's Missionary Association in turning over the societies already organized by them to us; we to give, for the first year, $2,000; second, $3,000 ; third, $4,000; fourth, $5,000; and, in addition to this, we will give forty percent of the increase of the net general fund of each year for the quadrennium, and at the end of the quadrennium an equitable percent as shall be agreed upon. "2. That we be represented by one-third of the members of the Home Mission Board, and of the Exec- utive Committee of the same, who shall be chosen from and by the Trustees of the Woman's Missionary Asso- ciation. "3. That all moneys given by any woman's organ- ization for home or foreign missions be sent to the Branch Treasurer, who in turn shall submit quarterly reports to the Conference Treasurer in order that the charge may have due credit for the same in the mis- sionary standards as adopted by the missionary boards. "Resolved, Because of the strength of our missions in the Orient, and our medical work there, that we ask of the General Conference that our mission conferences in China and the Philippine Islands be given the same relations as the conference in West Africa. "Committee : Mrs. J. E. Pout, Chairman, Toledo, Ohio; Mrs. I. B. Haak, Myerstown, Pennsylvania; Miss Elizabeth Mower, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Albert Keister, Scottdale, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Gertrude Pentz, Dayton, Ohio ; Mrs. H. W. Trueblood, Quincy, Illinois; Mrs. D. E. Vance, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Mrs. L. R. Harford, Omaha, Nebraska, and Mrs. B. F. Witt, Dayton, Ohio, advisory members of the commit- tee." Organization 31 This report was adopted by an almost unanimous vote, and later was presented to the General Confer- ence, where it was very cordially received and referred to the committee on missions. All that was asked for was granted ; the Foreign and the Home Boards were elected, giving us one-third representation and one- third representation on the Executive Committees. The missionaries are now conscious that the whole Church is interested in all the work, and that they can depend on their prayers and support. The women, young women, and Junior Christian Endeavor Soci- eties are given to us as a field to cultivate, thus enlarg- ing our scope for organization. While there were many misgivings in regard to the plan of cooperation, the twelve years that have pass-ed have demonstrated its wisdom. With broadened vision and unity of work and purpose the missionary cause of our Church has progressed steadily and the Church itself has been strengthened. Growth. According to reports given at the Board Meeting of 1909, the year cooperation began, the Asso- ciation had made good progress since its beginnings. There were 770 societies ; 20,263 members (inclucKng 4,273 members of Children's Bands) ; and total receipts of $47,626.66. In the twelve years succeeding, the num- ber of societies had practically been multiplied by two (1,380), the number of members by two and one-half (49,258), and the funds contributed by three ($146,- 839.26). This is a remarkable growth, and during this Jubilee Year the Association renders deep and fervent praise and thanksgiving. 32 The W^umen's Missionary Association Some important administrative changes have taken place since 1909. The Thank-Offering Depart- ment has been added and developed and the work ex- tended and broadened. The need of a field secretary who would give lull time to organizing and strength- ening societies was realized for several years, and in 1914 Miss Elsie Hall was appointed to this position. From that time one and sometimes two field secre- taries have been constantly employed, in addition to the field work done by other officers and trustees of the Association. Much has also been done by mis- sionaries on furlough. Special days. There are a number of important special days observed by the Association. The most important is the Day of Prayer. In 1911, Good Friday was set apart as a special period for intercession. At the following Board Meeting it was decided to con- tinue this observance, and Good Friday has become of increasing power and influence in the lives of the mem- bership and in the advancement of the work. In 1911, the observance of Literature Day was rec- ommended. This has also become an annual event. An offering is made for the extension of the work of the Literature Department and an effort put forth to in- crease the circulation of missionary literature. Woman's Day has been observed since 1893. In 1913 the day was changed from the last Sunday of September to the last Sunday of October. This is usu- ally observed on Sunday and the women and girls are given charge of the service. Many men and women have gained a wider vision of the cause of missions be- cause of these services. Organization 33 At the Board Meeting of 1912 two important meas- ures were taken : A Standard of Excellence for Branches, Locals, and Chapters was adopted ; and it was recommended that a series of institutes be held by each Branch. The establishment of a definite, high standard has contributed greatly toward the growth and efficiency of the various units of the Association. The institutes held by the majority of the Branches in the fall of each year have developed into a vital means for the training of the officers and workers of the local societies. Such training has been further strengthened by the publication of a handbook for workers in 1914. In May, 1913, the Board of Managers voted to meet biennially instead of annually as hitherto, thus working for both economy and efficiency. Name changed to Women's Missionary Associa- tion. The year 1918 brought two important changes. First, the name of the Association was changed to the Women's Missionary Association. Second, it was de- cided the Thank-Ofifering should not count on the pledge, thus making it more of a free-will and love offering. Campaigns. In the fall of each year, usually in October, culminating with the observance of Woman's Day, a special intensive campaign is conducted. For a number of years these campaigns were directed towards the winning of new members and new sub- scribers for the Evangel, such as the "Over-the-Top Campaign" of 1918, during which the goals set in 1917 for the quadrennium were reached within two years. Beginning with the campaign of 1919, the great funda- 34 The Women's Missionary Association mentals of the spiritual life of the women and girls oj the church have been stressed, such as the prayer life, Bible reading- and study, and the observance of a quiet time. These campaigns have been not only of great value to the spiritual life of the Association, but have resulted in large increases in new members and Evangel subscribers. There is no doubt that these large increases are due to a closer fellowship with the Master and the consequent manifestation of His power. Growth By Decades. Members of Locals. Chapters. Evangels. Gifts. 1873 500 $ 328.13 1883 3,555 29 1,550 6,559.89 1893 7,264 847 5,000 19,190.01 1903 7,825 1,093 4,633 24,652.50 1913 18,403 5,189 10,550 48,151.34 1921 35,370 13,575 21,042 143,693.29 Beginning with California and Miami Conferences in 1872, Branch organizations have been efifected in every conference except some of the Home Mission conferences. New Mexico, and Tennessee and the con- ferences of the foreign fields. While the organization formed by the women of the Ohio German Conference in 1869 has been continuously active, there has been no official affiliation with the National Board. Jubilee Memorial Fund. The year 1921 brought the Women's Missionary Association to its Jubilee Year. Plans were made for its observance and a Gen- eral Jubilee Committee, with Mrs. S. S. Hough as chair- man, was appointed. Among all the manifold bless- Organization 35 ings that had been granted during the fifty years, one of the most outstanding was the memory of the life of Vera B. Blinn and the years of service given by her to the Association as secretary of the Otterbein Guild, as editor of the Evangel, and as General Secretary. It was, therefore, decided that the offering which would be gladly brought by the women and girls this Jubilee Year should be the Jubilee Memorial Fund, and should be used to establish a chair of missions in The Bone- brake Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, in mem- ory of Miss Blinn. More than any other object, this would most nearly portray the ruling passion and de- sire of Miss Blinn's life. The Future. The fifty years have brought to us a priceless heritage, and we pause this Jubilee Year to render thanksgiving and praise for all that God has wrought. With an unwavering faith in God, who has promised, 'T will do better unto you than at your be- ginnings," with confidence in our splendid constitu- ency of women and girls, shall not we enter the open door to the next half century with renewed consecra- tion to our task of giving the gospel to the women and girls of the world, and thus hasten the coming of our Lord? "Lead on, O King eternal, We follow, not with fears, For gladness breaks like morning Where'er thy face appears. Thy Cross is lifted o'er us, We journey in its light ; The Crown awaits the Conquest; Lead on, O God of might." AFRICA Locating the mission, 1877. The first idea of the Association was to support a school near Shenge, under the control of the missionaries of the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society ; but, instead of this, by the advice of the officers of the General Board and missionaries then on the field, it was decided to estab- lish schools up the Bompeh River, in a thickly popu- lated territory that was calling for light, and was with- out any missionary work. The General Board, think- ing it not best to distribute its force over so much terri- tory, urged the Association to occupy this new ground. It was agreed to support Miss Emily Beeken, then under appointment. With repeated visits and the super- vision of Mr. Gomer, the mission was located at Roti- funk, on the Bompeh River, about fifty miles east of Freetown, Miss Beeken going there late in the autumn of 1877, at which time we undertook her full support. First schools. The pioneer work was difficult, but it was bravely accomplished. One with less courage than Miss Beeken could not have succeeded in estab- lishing a mission so far from any civilized help or pro- tection. The head-man built a barra for worship, and the Association a mud house for the missionary on a beautiful elevated site near the town. Miss Beeken established two schools, and held public services in the surrounding towns. Mission house built. Miss Beeken was succeeded at the end of nineteen months by Mrs. M. M. Mair, of Glasgow, Scotland. Mrs. Mair had had an experience of twenty-six years on the West Coast of Africa, which Africa 37 enabled her to endure the climate better than new mis- sionaries. She landed at Freetown, October 19, 1879, and went to Rotifunk the following month. The previ- ous May, at the Board meeting, it was agreed to send to Africa from America the material for a good house, so that our missionaries might have a comfortable home. Two thousand dollars were easily raised out- side of membership dues, and Airs. ]\Iair superintended the construction of the building, and enjoyed living in it, as she so well deserved. She was indefatigable in her labors, and her influence over the natives was won- derful. She secured better teachers for the schools, and established two others. She had the confidence and cooperation of the chiefs and head-men, and such was her influence over the people that she said she had been in but two towns in America where the Sabbath was so well observed. Pa Sourri, the head-man of Rot- ifunk, gave up the use of strong drinks and tobacco and compelled the people to desist from labor on the Sab- bath day. Rotifunk was a station for slave traders when our mission was located there, but before Mrs. Mair came away this was broken up. A lease for ninety-nine years was secured for one hundred acres of ground both at Rotifunk and Palli, part of which was put under cultivation. In three years and a half our work had grown into a strong mission of four stations, with a school at each place. A conference was organized March 20, 1880, by Rev. D. K. Flickinger, with six members, representing both the General and Women's Boards — Rev. D. F. Wilberforce and Rev. J. Gomer, who were already members of Aliami Conference, and four African work- ers. 38 The Women's Missionary Association Early in 1882 word came telling of the declining strength of Mrs. Mair, and the need for reinforcements. The Board decided to send a man and his wife, as the work was too heavy for a woman to carry. Rev. and Mrs. R. N. West sailed from New York, October 2, 1882. Mrs. Mair remained a few months and in the spring of 1883 came to America, attended the Board meeting at Westerville, Ohio, and then returned to her home in Scotland. She died March 9, 1897. First chapel built, 1883. To the meeting of the Board of Managers at Westerville, Ohio, in 1883, came the word from Mr. West that the number of persons attending the public services was increasing so rapidly that in the rainy season no house was large enough to accommodate them and many had to be turned away. He asked to be allowed to build a chapel. The com- mittee on African work recommended the raising of $2,000, the estimated cost of a suitable building. Cash and subscriptions were taken at once to the amount of $1,100. The money was all raised and the chapel com- pleted within a year at a cost of $1,500, $500 less than the estimate. The chapel was dedicated February 24, 1884, by Rev. J. Gomer, of Shenge. After the sermon, an invitation was given for a free-will offering unto the Lord, and the people responded by subscribing one hundred and sixty acres of land at Palli, five binkeys of rice (from fifty to one hundred bushels), one cow, one country cloth, and thirty-seven dollars and fourteen cents in cash subscriptions. After seven years, 1884. In 1884, seven years after the landing of our first missionary, Mr. West reported to the Board of Managers that there were then in con- Africa 39 nection with the work fifty-four regular preaching places, an increase of twenty-three during the year. In these places more than 2,500 persons heard the word of God. During the next two years the devotion and strength of our missionaries were severely tested by war and an epidemic of smallpox; the itinerating was interrupted. Work for children. Our first and prominent work was for the children. As many as could be cared for were taken by the missionaries and taught to work. These children, with the help of a few men, did the work connected with the mission, and thus helped in their own support. Large farms were under cultiva- tion ; orchards were started. The children were Chris- tians— bright, earnest, and hungry for knowledge, using every opportunity to gain it. Later, they became our teachers and itinerants. Previous to the Board meeting of 1887, the question of doing more for the women of Africa was discussed in the Woman's Evangel. The missionaries had written that we must do something for the uplifting of the girls in Africa if we expected to accomplish anything perma- nent. They told of the degredation of the women and how little girls were sold as wives, and, whenever claimed by the purchaser, were compelled to go with him. If in our schools, they were thus lost to our mis- sion. By taking girls into the mission home, this sell- ing could be prevented ; these girls could be taught in the schools with the other children, and out of school hours could be taught by the missionary to sew, to cook, to keep house, and thus to become Christian home-makers. 40 The Women's Missionary Association Home for girls, 1887. At the meeting of the Board of Managers at Westfield, Illinois, it was decided to put up a new building, to be called the *'Mary Sowers Home for Girls," and to raise $2,000 for the purpose. The home was completed in 1888. Boys' home. An adobe house with corrugated iron roof, large enough to accommodate twenty-four boys, was built at Rotifunk during 1889. During the same year and in 1890 extended trips were made by the missionaries into the interior to the Mendi country, a large territory lying east of the Sher- bro and Temni countries, and the people received them cordially when they understood their purpose. They found no Christian missions, but everywhere evidence of superstition. Every town, large and small, had its devil houses. The people plead with the missionaries to remain with them. The Board of Managers, at its meeting in 1890, looked with favor upon the early occupation of this densely populated territory. Great revival at Rotifunk. During the meeting of tlie ]joard of Managers held in Dayton, Ohio, in 1890, special prayer was offered, and at the same time spe- cial prayer services were held by our missionaries in Africa for an outpouring of the Spirit in revival power. This marked the beginning of the greatest revival Rot- ifunk has ever seen, and it continued four weeks. Rum sellers broke their demijohns and poured the liquor on the streets ; native men and women were born into the Kingdom in large numbers. The revival spread to the surrounding towns and Frankie Williams wrote home. Africa 41 "Every seat has become a mourner's bench and nearly every soul a seeker." It was at this time that Pa Sourri, the powerful chief, became a Christian. Mrs. West, writing of his conversion, said : "It was one of the most remarkable conversions I ever witnessed, one of the Saul of Tarus style. He had been at the altar several times, but we felt that he did not see himself a sinner. It was all what he was going to do. We could only pray that God would show him his heart. Our prayers were answered, and he had as real a physical struggle as Jacob had. One whole night, alone in his house, he wrestled with two powers or persons ; he said, 'One sought to hold him, the other to free him.' As day dawned, so desperate became the struggle that in his agony he sprang from his bed, and knew nothing more until he found himself lying on the chapel floor free. The subject of the morning meeting was II Cor. 10. Just as Mr. West was speaking of the weapons of our warfare being not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds, he rushed in, bare- headed, and with an awful look of despair; as he reached the altar, he fell or, rather, was thrown vio- lently down in such a way that under other circum- stances he would doubtless have broken his neck, as he is very large and heavy, and eighty years of age. Dur- ing the day it seemed that all the wicked things he had ever done came up before him, and, though he felt God had forgiven all, yet, as these things came up separately before him, he would only get relief by getting down and asking special forgiveness for them." First death among missionaries, 1892. It had long seemed marvelous that in the thirty-seven years of the 42 The Women's Missionary Association African mission death had not entered the ranks. The year 1892 marked a new era in our history. On July 19, 1892, Miss Williams died of malignant malarial fever, and Miss Bittle followed her August 7, from ner- vous shock. These two deaths, together with the sick- ness of other missionaries, greatly hindered all the work of the mission. Medical work begun. Medical work was begun early in the history of the mission, and has proved an important factor in aiding the people and in spreading the gospel. Dr. Marietta Hatfield, who sailed in 1891, opened up this work soon after her arrival on the field. Realizing the beneficial effect of payment for service, she charged a penny for consultation and the price of the medicine. This was not only salutory for the patient, but resulted in self-support so far as medicines, appliances, and assistants were concerned. All ex- penses, excepting physician's salary, were paid out of the fees received. Death of Mr. West. In 1894, the trustees decided that Mr. and Mrs. West should open the Mendi work. Scarcely had the decision been made when Mr. W^est became sick, and died on September 22, the twelfth anniversary of his consecration to missionary work. He was buried near the chapel at Rotifunk, where he had labored so faithfully and with such abundant suc- cess, and a tablet marked to his memory was placed in the chapel. The close of the year 1895 saw the beginning of the construction of a railroad from Freetown into the interior. Africa 43 Bethany Cottage built. Realizing the need of some place for recuperation for the missionaries, the Board of Managers recommended the building, in conjunction with the General Board, of a rest cottage on Mt. Lei- cester, just south of Freetown. Two acres of ground 1,550 feet above sea level were leased from the govern- ment. The house is twenty-six feet wide by fifty feet long. It contains eight rooms, and by means of folding doors and swinging windows the four front rooms may be changed into a piazza ten feet wide by fifty feet long. The corner-stone was laid by Bishop Mills, November 4, 1896. The house was completed early in 1897 at a cost of $1,000 to each Board, and was named Bethany Cottage. Brick making. The experiment of boring for water at Rotifunk after many difficulties was successful in 1897, and resulted in a well sixty feet deep, with a windmill for pumping. A kiln of twenty thousand brick was burned, the boys doing all the molding. These were used in building kitchens to the boys' and girls' homes, steps to the school building and mission house, and pillars under the rice and store-house. Ap- plication was made by the English government for our boys to make the brick for the new barracks at Kwellu. At Taiama, where a school had been opened in 1896, a deed was secured for one hundred and twenty acres of land. A mission house was built and the chief built a barra for church and school purposes. Uprising and massacre of missionaries. In 1898 hut-tax had been imposed upon the people by the Br ish government for the purpose of public improveme 44 The Women's Missionary Association in the protectorate, but was misinterpreted by the peo- ple to mean ownership of their homes, and proved the occasion for a general uprising against all foreigners in which all of our missionaries save one gave up their lives, and almost our entire mission plant was de- stroyed. Just at the close of our fiscal year in May, 1898, came the intelligence of the massacre of five of our missionaries at Rotifunk on May 3 — Rev. and Mrs. I. N. Cain, Dr. Marietta Hatfield, Dr. Mary C. Archer, and Miss Ella M. Schenck. They had been apprised of the danger, but were unable to secure boatmen or hammock men to take them away. Dr. Hatfield, because of illness, could not walk far. The mission children had been sent to their homes and the missionaries hid in the bush overnight, and early in the morning attempted to get away, Dr. Hatfield being carried on the back of one of the boys, but they were overtaken by the war party, carried back, and killed in front of the mission grounds at Rotifunk. The bones of these were gathered by English officers, put into one box, and later were interred in the ceme- tery at Rotifunk. Mr. and Mrs. McGrew, who were stationed at Tai- ama, had attempted to escape to Kwellu, but were cap- tured, detained as prisoners, and on May 9 were taken in a canoe out to a rock in the Taia River, opposite Taiama, where they were beheaded. The bodies were thrown into the river and were never found. Native workers faithful. Many of our faithful native workers also met death at the hands of the war boys. Those who escaped made their way to Free- town. Mr. Arthur Ward, in Freetown on business at Africa 45 the time, was the sole surviving missionary of the Women's Board. He desired to remain and learn for himself of the terrible massacre and devastation wrought by the war, but was advised by the govern- ment to return to America, so left Freetown, May 5, 1898. Most of the property of the General Board was de- stroyed, but, because located on the coast, their mis- sionaries escaped by boat to Freetown. Reconstructio7i. Though paralyzed at first, both Boards soon felt that the work must go on. It was not known whether any missionary would be safe outside of Freetown, and realizing that the beginnings would have to be slow, arrangements were made for Rev. and Mrs. J. R. King, who were to go out for the General Board, to give one- half of their time to the work of the Women's Mission- ary Association. They sailed September 10, 1898, made Freetown headquarters, and began the work of recon- struction. With the exception of Bethany Cottage, the chap- els at Bompeh and Palli, and the mission house at Rokon, the mission buildings had all been destroyed. All records and rolls of membership were gone and the members were scattered. During the months following the uprising, when the advisability of continuing work in Africa was being weighed by the Boards at home, nine of the native workers, w^ithout any compensation or direction from the Boards, gathered the members together, itinerated regularly in sixty-two towns, held religious services, and carried on the school work wherever possible. 46 The Women's Missionary Association Everywhere were found the good fruits of the mis- sion. The railroad engineers spoke highly of the re- sults of the mission work in training young men, many of them employed by the English government to fill responsible positions. Work reorganized, 1899. While alone in the field for a year, Dr. and Mrs. J. R. King were able to accom- plish much in gathering the forces, determining new policies for the future, and preparing the field for new workers. Bishop E. B. Kephart, accompanied by six missionaries, sailed November 15, 1899. Bishop Kep- hart presided over the conference of 1900. Devotion of converts. In writing to the home church. Bishop Kephart paid the following tribute to the converts : "The spirit and devotion manifested upon the part of the young men and women who were edu- cated and trained and converted in our schools in Africa, when, in a sense, they were thrown on their own responsibility at the time of the uprising, was surely equal to that manifested by the disciples after the death of our blessed Lord. It has demonstrated the fact that the native convert can be relied on under the most critical circumstances. Many of these converts have left good, lucrative positions to serve the Church and Christ at a greatly reduced compensation." Cooperation. Since the territory operated by the two Boards in Sierra Leone was so overlapping, and the work of Dr. King as joint superintendent for one term had been sat- isfactory, it was strongly felt by some of the workers at Africa 47 home, as well as by the missionaries on the field, that the Avork should be unified by some plan of permanent cooperation, or that one of the two Boards should take over all the work. At the meeting of the Board of Managers in 1902, two propositions were presented by the General Board, one to consider cooperation and the other that the Women's Missionary Association take over their part of the work in Sierra Leone. The Women's Board rec- ommended that a committee of five, two from each Board and a fifth to be chosen by the four, be appointed to consider these propositions, and that this committee be continued during the year, and, after giving the mat- ter careful consideration, report to the Trustees and to the Board of Managers at their next meeting. The committee chosen on cooperation, composed of Mrs. L. R. Harford and Mrs. D. L. Rike, represent- ing the Association, Dr. W. M. Bell and Dr. \V. R. Funk, of the General Board, and Bishop Mills as the fifth member, met September 22, 23, 1902. After full conference it was voted : 1. That we continue joint headquarters in Free- tov/n, details for the lease or purchase, ownership, and management to be determined by both Boards. 2. That there be a joint superintendent elected and supported by both Boards, with residence in Free- town. 3. That a uniform schedule of salaries be estab- lished for all missionaries, American and native, of both Boards. 48 The Women's Missionary Association 4. That the higher educational work of the whole field be left for future consideration, as the need may demand. 5. That, aside from the items mentioned, each Board shall have control and responsibility as hereto- fore. 6. That a committee of two members from each Board be empowered to carry out the details of this agreement. This was ratified by the Trustees. Dr. J. R. King was appointed superintendent, and he and Mrs. King sailed November 12, 1902. Freetown. Headquarters in Freetown, 1898. Upon the arrival of Dr. and Mrs. J. R. King in the fall of 1898, headquar- ters were rented in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. Special evangelistic work was opened among the Mendis, for whom nothing was being done. Open air meetings were held regularly every Sunday morn- ing in many sections of the city. These have multi- plied, and today many hundreds of people are thus reached in their own language. A church home was leased. This was Ebo Church, on Regent Road. The building was repaired and dedi- cated, 1905, and the church organization effected at that time. Albert Academy. Plans were early begun for es- tablishing a training school under the joint control of the two Mission Boards. In 1903, the Mission Council in Sierra Leone decided upon Freetown as the most Africa 49 suitable location for the school. This decision was accepted by the Mission Boards. Rev. R. P. Dougherty, who had been secured as principal, opened the school October 4, 1904, in a rented building on East Street with an enrollment of five stu- dents. The same year, shortly after the opening of the school, the General Board reported a gift received from Mr. Ralph Leininger, of Brooklyn, New York, of $5,000 toward the erection of a building to be named "Albert Academy," in memory of his cousin, Rev. Ira E. Albert, a missionary under the General Board, who died in Africa, November 6, 1902. The Women's Missionary Association agreed to give $5,000 to offset this gift. That the Academy might be established on a $20,000 basis, each Board agreed to raise an additional $5,000, this second $10,000 to be used as an endowment fund. The $5,000 toward this endowment was completed in the spring of 1906. A very desirable location for the school was se- cured, consisting of five acres near Circular Road, on the direct route to Mt. Leicester, at a cost of $2,000. Mr. Leininger enlarged the original plans, agree- ing to assume the additional expense. Later, w^hen, on account of the panic of 1907, he was unable to meet this pledge, the Foreign Missionary Society agreed that his gift, which already amounted to about $7,000, should be considered as to the Church and that they would raise the amount still needed. The building was begun in September, 1906. Jan- uary 14, 1907, the corner-stone was laid by His Excel- 50 The Women's Missionary Association lency, G. B. Haddon-Smith, acting governor of Sierra Leone. It is an imposing cement block structure one hun- dred feet long and forty feet wide ; three stories high. The larger portion of the building is used for school purposes, while at one end are the resident quarters of the missionaries in charge. On the first floor of the school portion are the main assembly room and a large class room. On the second floor are the office and library, the study room, three lecture rooms, the sci- ence laboratory, and a resident tutor's room. The third floor throughout the whole building contains dormi- tories for students and resident tutors. In the base- ment are the students' dining room, the manual train- ing shop, and storerooms. The grounds are beautifully wooded, and afiford ample opportunity for outdoor industrial work. A fine cement-block fence partly encloses the campus. The approximate value of building and grounds is $20,000. On January 11, 1908, the new building was dedi- cated by Dr. W. R. Funk. On January 13, the first graduating exercises of the Academy were held, when five young men received their diplomas. During the seventeen years of its existence, the Academy has grown from an initial enrollment of five to a total registration of over seven hundred. In 1920, the attendance was ninety-three, fifty of whom were boarders. Students come for more than a thousand miles to the Academy. Opportunities for self-help are oflfered. Sixteen young men (1920) supported them- selves by working from four to five hours a day in the woodwork or printing shops. Africa 51 Courses of study. The departments of instruction are Bible, English, mathematics, manual training, nat- ural science, history, languages, and business. The paramount object of the Academy is to educate young men for mission work. Provision is made for thorough religious, literary, physical, and industrial training. It aims to give such a comprehensive preparation to each student that, whether he goes out as a preacher, teacher, professional man, or tradesman, he will be a factor in the extension of Christ's kingdom in Africa. Its doors are wide open to all young men seeking gen- eral academic training along practical lines. The grad- uates and ex-students may be found in various activi- ties in Sierra Leone and elsewhere on the West Coast. In recent years, manual training and industrial work have been emphasized. Through this work, not only may students help put themselves through school, but the 'ork. As the force of missionaries increased the province was districted — each missionary with his wife was given the supervision of a number of tovv'ns and out- lying barrios. During several months of the year they gave special training to the Filipino workers in their districts. Territory increased. Several trips were made to the Igorotes province and other parts of unoccupied territory. In 1907 the territory was increased by the addition of the sub-province of Amburayan which lies to the east and north of Union Province. Our mis- sion had been working in the southern part of this province. That the United Brethren might have full control of Amburayan, the Methodists, who had been working at Tagudin, the capital of the province, turned over their work and a congregation of thirty members. This added a population of 25,000 to our mission, about 94 The Women's Missionary Association 10,000 of whom are Ilocanos ; the remainder are Igo- rotes, a few of whom have been received into the Catholic church ; the others vary from those who have been affected by the higher civilization of the Ilo- canos, to the rude tribes of the interior mountains. Four new congregations were organized among these Igorotes during 1908. In Benguet province there are about 10,000 more Igorotes whose condition is about the same as the people of Amburayan, and who are best reached from Union Province. We are respon- sible therefore for about 175,000 people, since this ter- ritory has been turned over to us, no other denomina- tion having work in these provinces. Later the addition of the Ifugao country and the wild tribe of the Kalingas added 200,000 pagan people looking to us for the gospel. A missionary has been sent by the Filipinos to the Kalingas and a successful opening has been made. It is expected the mission will soon open a station in Ifugao. Conference organized. During the visit of Bishop Mills the Philippine Conference was organized Febru- ary 14, 1908, with nine members, the four missionaries, and five native pastors. The Filipino churches rapidly assumed their cur- rent expenses and contributed more or less generously toward the erection of their own chapels, but in order to promote a spirit of helpfulness to others, a Church Erection Society was organized at the annual confer- ence in 1909. This society has continued active and has helped many congregations to build chapels and church buildings. Its scope has been widened, how- ever, and the funds are used not only in loans for new Philippine Islands 95 churches, but also to help support the pastors on the weaker charges and pay the traveling expenses of the Filipino Supervisor. This office was created in 1919 in harmony with the policy to have the work carried on by the Filipinos themselves as soon as expedient. The supervisor is elected annually by the conference. First Sunday school organized. The first success- ful Sunday school was organized at San Juan in 1906, under the personal direction of Mr. and Mrs. Mumma. Near the close of 1907 more extensive plans were made and Sunday-school literature was prepared. The work developed rapidly and has had almost continuous growth. The first National Sunday School Conven- tion of the Philippine Islands was held in Manila, Feb- ruary 24-26, 1911, Here the Sunday School Associa- tion of the Philippine Islands was organized. Each year special Sunday school convention and institutes are held. Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, Secretary of the Philippine Sunday School Association, stated in 1915 that our territory was more thoroughly developed along Sunday-school lines than any other in the Is- lands. We have a larger percentage of our members in the Sunday school and have more Sunday-school organizations than churches. Junior and Senior Chris- tian Endeavor societies are also a part of the organ- ized work. The work of the graduates of the Young Women's Bible Training School is especially valuable in these departments. The first Bible Institute was held in May, 1905, when seventeen young men, most of whom understood English fairly well, gathered in San Fernando for k month's instruction in the Bible, Church History, and 96 The Women's Missionary Association Doctrine. This Bible institute has become a per- manent feature of the work. From the beginning the missionaries have tried to emphasize the individual responsibility of converts to extend the Kingdom. As a result of the emphasis laid upon this phase of Christian living, there are now a number of volunteer workers who conduct, regularly, services in their own homes or in the usual meeting places, without receiving any remuneration. These workers are encouraged by being permitted to sell the Scriptures and tracts on the percentage plan, and when they attend the Bible Institute, a small allow- ance is given them to aid in the purchase of food. This volunteer phase has been one of the secrets of the rapid growth of the work in this mission. Remarkable growth. April 3, 1914, was tlie tenth anniversary of the organization of the first United Brethren Church in the Philippines. The fol- lowing summary of progress was given. "The ten years have witnessed many changes. Progress in the Is- lands has moved with giant strides. The Philippines are included in the mighty national race movement now on in the Orient. When our first missionaries landed in San Fernando in 1904, they had no friends to greet or welcome them. The people were antago- nistic in their general attitude. There were no good roads, few conveniences for travel ; no trains, no auto- mobile in all the province. When the tenth anniver- sary was celebrated our missionaries have daily mail in San Fernando ; regular auto lines carry passengers cheaply and with expedition. Then there was no evangelical Christian, no Sunday school, few Bibles; or THE PHILIPPINE MISSION OF THE UNITED BRETHPXN IN CHRIST. 4c<.le at Mil .^/.* 3 '%,! y*.k *^ OTubUy QX'.^V \ B EdS G U E T \ ^.^iSangj^ *%l (D 5an Fernando KejLdqua.rtar3 | PubSuhir.rt Pla.nt I YounoWoiTier^'j Bibla Training- | MLssfen Residence. School | ® Manila | Union Theolooi'-fcl -Semiiiu: y e Cormitoi-> for Yojng I-'.eti © lACUOiM - Mission Rcsidciica ® BaGUIO • Kostiioiuc V c^^^ 97 98 The Women's Missionary Association in 1914 there were two thousand, two hundred forty members in thirty-five churches; two thousand mem- bers in thirty-eight Sunday schools ; fifteen employed preachers and five graduate deaconesses and a force of seventy lay and volunteer preachers making known the good news." A special evangelistic campaign was conducted during the anniversary year and four hundred fifty- eight adult baptisms resulted. The Mission Siations. Our missionaries in the Philippine Islands are lo- cated at two mission stations, San Fernando and Manila. From here and from the thirty-three organ- ized churches, the influence of the gospel radiates in all directions. San Fernando. San Fernando is the capital of Union Province, and is the headquarters of our mission. Here are the high and trade schools and pupils come from all parts of the prov^ince. Besides the supervision of the entire field, several distinct phases of work are carried on in San Fernando, such as the Evangel Press, the Young Women's Bible Training School and medical work. On account of high rents and unsatisfactory houses a mission residence was built in 1904. Decem- ber 24, 1904, a church was organized with five mem- bers. The lower story of the mission house was dedi- cated December 25 as a chapel for the use of the con- gregation. Philippine Islands 99 San Fernando is a difficult place in which to work, and progress has been slow. Many of the congrega- tion are students from other parts of the province, but some of the best people of the town are members of the church. Church erected. That confidence might be in- spired and strength and stability given to the work, about $5,000 was raised for the building of a substan- tial church. It is on the main highway that leads from Manila to the north end of the island. It is one block from the public plaza and 100 feet from the mission residence. The cornerstone w^as laid May 3, 1910, and the new building dedicated December 11, 1910. It has a seating capacity of 350. The Evangel Press. One of the most effective means of reaching the people and of developing and strengthening the work is through the printed page. When the missionaries first arrived on the field they found that the Bible Societies had the New Testa- ment published in the Ilocano. For several years the missionaries of the Methodist Episcopal, Christian, and United Brethren Missions working among the Ilocano people were busy directing the translation of the Old Testament. This work was done under the supervision of the American Bible Society, whose agent chose Mr. Mumma to read and correct the manu- script and supervise the printing in Japan. In August, 1909, the completed Old Testament in Ilocano was first offered for sale. The people, as a rule, receive the Scriptures with great joy, and for several years pre- vious to the appearance of the Old Testament, had made frequent inquiries concerning it. It is not un- 100 The WoxMen's Missionary Association usual to hear testimonies like the following : **It is not the work of the Americano that has made me accept the new religion, but the reading of the Book!" *'I am not following the religion of the Americano, but the teachings of Jesus Christ as written in the "Sacred Word." Both the Old and New Testament are sold at a nominal price. The Filipinos are fond of music and enjoy singing gospel songs. From time to time English hymns have been translated by missionaries and Filipino workers into the Ilocano. In February, 1908, a word edition of an Ilocano Hymnal with 181 hymns was published jointly by the Methodist Episcopal, Christian, and United Brethren Missions and is one hymnal now in use all over the Ilocano territory. An edition with the music was later printed in Tokyo, Japan. Weekly paper published. In September, 1905, our mission began the publication of the ''Dagiti Naim- bag a Damag" (Good News), probably the first week- ly paper in Ilocano. Many of the people could read but they had practically no literature and no newspa- pers or books. It began as a four page weekly. It furnishes such world news as v/ill interest the average reader among the people, editorial items relating to the progress of the work in the field, serial articles upon such subjects as the reformation, important doc- trines, etc. An instructive and practical exposition of the Sunday-school lesson is given, which is used with good effect by Sunday schools of other missions. A part of the paper is given each week to lessons for the Junior societies. These several departments of the paper have their permanent place upon the pages, with Philippine Islands , 101 nicely designed headings, and the people look with eagerness for what is of special help and interest to them. The subscription price was twenty-five cents per year, but has now been raised to seventy-five cents. While the amount received has not been sufficient to pay the cost of printing, it has been a paying invest- ment, as the testimonies of the many who have been reached by it, are proof. In less than five years the subscription list was over 1,000, and it was sent into fourteen different provinces. It not only goes into the homes of the subscribers but is often read by sev- eral families jointly, those not knowing how to read, gathering about one who reads aloud to them. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Church said of it (1912) that it was the greatest single Evangelical factor in the Orient. The Methodist Ilocano paper, known as '*Abo- gado Christiano" (Christian Advocate) was united with ours some years ago. It is now a joint publica- tion with the ]\Iethodists, printed by us and known as "Dagiti Naimbag a Damag ken Abogado Christiano." The Methodists edit and are responsible for two pages each week. It has also been the policy of the mission to print thousands of copies of special articles in tract form for free distribution. A printing-press with outfit was sent to the field in the fall of 1908. It arrived in San Fernando in Feb- rurary, 1909, and has been put into operation on the lower floor of the mission house, and has more than fulfilled the expectations of the missionaries in the in- creased efficiency of this very important part of mis- sion work, and also in the greatly reduced expense. Previous to this time the paper had been published 102 The Women's Missionary Association by the Methodist Publishing House in Manila. The first work of the press was the following message to the Trustees : "To the Board of Trustees of the W. M. A., Dayton, Ohio: "Your missionaries in the Philippines think fitting that the first imprint upon the new mission-press should be a message of greeting to you. Accordingly we hereby extend to you and all the donors to the press our greetings and sincere thanks for the hand- some equipment that is now ours to help propagate the gospel in these islands. We are more than satis- fied with what you have sent us, and we hereby dedi- cate it to the glory of God and the enlightenment of these people, praying Him that the leaves that go forth from its forms may indeed be leaves of healing to the sin-sick and wretched people among whom we labor. We believe that this is a step in advance, and the expense involved is more than justified by the greatly increased efficiency that will result to our work. "We are sincerely yours for service, Sanford B. Kurtz, Marion W. Mumma, Ernest J. Pace. "San Fernando, La Union, P. I., March 20, 1909." In addition to the "Naimbag a Damag," leaf- lets and tracts have been published. Wide circulation was found for an edition of "Pilgrim's Progress." A Philippine Islands 103 second edition of an Ilocano English dictionary is al- most ready for distribution. The new printing plant, during the first four months of its operation turned out nearly 200,000 pages of printed matter. The growth of this department is seen in the fact that in 1920, three million pages of printed matter were prepared and dis- tributed. The first building and equipment were soon outgrown and a new building and press were pur- chased. In the new quarters a reading room was es- tablished for the convenience of students and others who might care to use it. This was called the Arford Reading Room, and had been made possible through the gift of one thousand dollars from Mr. and Mrs. Arford, relatives of one of the missionaries, Mrs. M. W. Mumma. The Young Women's Bible Training School. One of the most important phases of our w^ork in San Fer- nando is that carried out through the Young Women's Bible Training School. The purpose of the school is to train young women for the work of deaconesses. The school was opened and built up under the charge of Miss Matilda Weber who went to this field May 24, 1910. The first class was organized this same year, in a bamboo building vv'ith grass roof. In spite of un- desirable neighbors the school grew steadily. On the north was the provincial jail in which the insane peo- ple of the province as well as the criminals were kept. On the opposite side was a long row of stables in which from fifty to sixty horses were housed. It was soon realized that better and bigger accommodations must be secured. The fund was largely contributed through the Love-Offerings of 1916 and 1917, and the 104 The Women's Missionary Association Woman's Day Offering of 1917. The new building was completed in 1920 and was dedicated August 26. It is of re-enforced concrete with tile roof, beautiful in its simplicity, and stands on a hill overlooking the town and sea. It is a two-story building with verandas on the four sides, two of which are used as sleeping porches, the other two for reading and study purposes. There are four large dormitory rooms upstairs and three bedrooms for the missionaries in charge. On the lower floor are the kitchens and dining rooms for the stu- dents in the west wing and for the missionaries in the east wing. The main floor is divided by the folding doors into four class rooms which can be thrown into one large auditorium. There are a large cement water tank and an electric light plant which will supply as well the church and the old dormitory now used as a dispensary. Of more interest than the building, are the girls prepared there for lives of service. They are lifted above the narrow environment of ignorance and with broadened horizons and consecrated hearts and minds they devote themselves to the task of spreading the gospel and the church, of combating sin, sickness and superstition. Recently the course has been standard- ized so that it is an accredited school. Sixty girls can be accommodated in the new dormitories. In the year 1920 twenty-two were enrolled in the course. There have been, since the beginning in 1910, twenty- two graduates, most of whom are in active service. The deaconesses are in great demand and are proving a vital factor in the extension of the Kingdom in the Philippines. Philippine Islands 105 In addition to the girls in training in the Young Women's Bible Training School, about thirty girls are given dormitory privileges in the building. These girls are some of the thousands who have poured into the cities that they may take advantage of the oppor- tunities offered by the government for education. With quarters in the Training School, there is the op- portunity for Christian contact and influence. A dormitory for boys w^as also opened in San Fernando in 1910. Medical work. At San Fernando medical work has been established. From the beginning the mis- sionaries have been called upon for aid in almost all kinds of illness and trouble from extracting aching teeth to the more serious maladies. The need of a doctor and a hospital has been keenly felt, and has been partly met by the going out of Miss Clara Mann, a trained nurse, in 1920. In 1921 the United Brethren Mission Hospital was opened in the remodeled build- ing formerly used as the Young Women's Bible Train- ing School. A doctor and more adequate hospital fa- cilities are urgently needed. Manila. In the division of territory among the various de- nominations by the Evangelical Union, Manila was left open so that each mission might be actively engaged there. In response to a specific need, our mission ex- tended its work to this city. In the development of the native church in the Philippine Islands, just as is true in any of the mission fields, or at home, the need of trained teachers, leaders 106 The Women's Missionary Association and pastors has been keenly felt. The need of teach- ers and leaders has been partly met by the institutes for workers and the deaconesses. To meet the need for trained pastors, the United Brethren mission has. for a number of years, cooperated with other denom- inations— the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Christian, in the building up and support of a Union Theological Seminary. To realize the necessity and value of this work it must be remembered that through the in- creased advantages for education offered by the gov- ernment, illiteracy is decreasing so that more highly trained and better educated workers are needed to meet the problems that arise. Union Theological Seminary. The Union Sem- inary was opened in Manila and has been highly suc- cessful. Many of our native pastors were permitted to leave their charges in order to receive the training offered. The quarters of the seminary have been out- grown and a splendid seventy-five acre site has been purchased and buildings planned so that this important center for evangelical work in the Philippines may be adequate. A preparatory course has been added, equivalent to that of a high school. The first two years of college work are also given, and it is hoped that soon the complete college training can be offered. This would then become the Union Christian College of the Philippines with a wonderful field for useful- ness and service. Our denomination has contributed five thousand dollars towards this work. Church and dormitory in Manila. As one result of cooperation in the Union Theological Seminary there has grown up an important work in Manila. Philippine Islands 107 One of the missionaries in Manila, serving on the faculty of the seminary, and the Filipino pastors who had gone there for training began evangelistic and Bible class work, and a church was organized in 1912. A dormitory for young men was opened the same year. Manila is one of the cities into which the young peo- ple have poured to receive an education and dormi- tory accommodations are lacking. Since the opening of the building it has been filled and there is usually a long waiting list. The young men are required to at- tend a devotional service in the morning and great interest is manifested. Since our denomination is re- sponsible for work among the Ilocanos and there are now thirty-one thousand Ilocanos in the city our field of work is a large one. In 1921 the Sunday school and church services are carried on in a down- stairs room of the dormitory. A site for a new plant has been purchased and it is hoped soon to have a complete center including chapel, kindergarten, par- sonage, dormitories and playground. Other Stations. The first United Brethren Church organized in the Philippine Islands was located at Cava. This is a town of 4000 population, about thirteen miles south of San Fernando. This church was organized on Easter Sunday, 1904. From this little congregation have gone out five young men as ministers of the gospel. From this and other centers the evangelistic work has been carried on and organizations effected until in 1920 there were reported thirty-three church organ- izations. To the south of San Fernando, in addition 108 The Women's Missionary Association to Cava, churches are found at Naguilian, Baguio, Baoang, Aringuay, Agoo, Tubao, and Rosario. Baguio is about twenty miles back in the moun- tains from San Fernando and is the capital of Benguet Province and the summer capital for the Islands. Dur- ing the hottest season of the year, the higher govern- ment officials remove to this place to conduct their business. From time to time since the beginning of our work in the Islands, our missionaries have gone to Baguio, which is 5,000 feet above the sea level, for rest and have found the cool, pine scented air very refreshing. In 1912 a rest cottage was built which has proved a great blessing to the missionaries. A chapel was erected in 1918. To the north of San Fernando there are church organizations in San Juan, Bacnotan, Balaoan, Bangar and Tagudin. Development of the Native Church. Much has been accomplished by volunteer w^ork- ers. Many villages previously unwilling to listen to the gospel have become friendly through the efforts of these workers who have gone to the remote villages and new places to preach and to do personal work. The churches have grown stronger, and have ad- vanced in self-government and self-support. In 1913 the budget system of finance was adopted. The church Erection Society has already been mentioned. A num- ber of chapels have been built through its aid. In 1912 a missionary society was organized. By the end of 1913 more than one hundred and seven dollars had been collected. The first missionary work consisted Philippine Islands 109 of sending a teacher to a large village in the mountain province near Tubao. Missionary activities. At the Annual Conference held in Cava during the first two weeks of April, 1920, the greatest enthusiasm and the highest point of in- terest centered around the discussion of the confer- ence missionary activities. The conference mission- ary society had sent two missionaries to work among the Kalingos. On a recent trip Mr. Widdoes found that the missionary here, Mr. Leones, had won and baptized one of the leading men and had chosen a good center from vv^hich to work. Crossing into Benguet, the other mission field of our Ilocano Church, Mr. Widdoes found eighty-four Benguet Igorotes among whom were two of the most influential fami- lies, ready for baptism. Two Sunday schools and two congregations were organized. At the last Annual Conference, March, 1921, two pastors and two dea- conesses w^ere sent to the mountain district under the direction of the Filipino Missionary Society. The church in the Philippine Islands has been inspired by the big United Enlistment program of the Church at home and has endeavored to enter into a similar ef- fort. A stewardship campaign was carried on and more than one hundred signed the tither's pledge, and about two hundred-fifty the intercession pledge. Many young people promised to give their lives to Christian service. Under the guidance of the missionaries, the leadership of strong native pastors, the United Breth- ren Church in the Philippine Islands is going forward to still greater things for the Master. 110 The Women's Missionary Association Summary. To carry on the work in the Philip- pines we had in the spring of 1909, eight American missionaries and nine Filipino pastors. At the con- ference that year there were reported nineteen organ- ized churches, forty-nine regular preaching places, 851 communicant members, 4,000 adherents, eleven Sun- day schools with a membership of 467, five Junior and Senior Christian Endeavor Societies. The total value of property was $4,691.00. For the year ending December 31, 1920, there were in the Philippine Islands nine American mis- sionaries, thirty-two native workers, thirty-seven or- ganized churches with a membership of two thousand eight hundred fifty-eight. There were one hundred thirty-five additional preaching places. Thirty-nine Sunday schools with a total enrollment of two thou- sand two hundred eighty-two, eight Senior Christian Endeavor societies, membership three hundred forty- eight; sixteen Junior Christian Endeavor societies, membership four hundred seventy-nine ; one boarding school with twenty-seven pupils. '|The Young Women s Bible Training! School, San Fernando, P. >\j^^" Five Deaconesses, Graduates of the Training School. JAPAN Although interested as individuals in the mission work in Japan it was not until cooperation was estab- lished in 1909 that the association was actively con- cerned in work in this country. Our work in Japan Vv^as opened in the fall of 1895. Churches were started in Tokyo, and other places, but the work was not well organized until after 1898 when Dr. and Mrs. A. T. Howard took charge. Japan Conference organized. The work prospered and in the spring of 1902 the Japan Mission Conference was organized with three ordained missionaries and eight Japanese evangelists and pastors. A short time later the most important parts of the Discipline were translated into Japanese and put into the hands of all our workers. The policy early adopted was that of direct evan- gelization, and special emphasis has been placed on the raising up of a strong native church. In 1911-1912 a thorough survey was made of con- ditions in Japan. This showed a challenging situation : of the fifty million people in the Empire, thirty-five million are without gospel privileges. This work was under the charge of an interdenominational committee and as a result of this survey, the United Brethren Church was asked to assume responsibility for two additional territories : Chiba Ken, east of Tokyo, with a population of two hundred and ten thousand ; and Shiga Ken, just east of Kyoto, where there are at least one hundred thousand who look to us for the gospel. 112 Japan 113 This territory was accepted by the Foreign Mission Board, thus increasing greatly the responsibility of our Church in Japan. Chiba District. If we consider our work geographically rather than chronologically it may be mentioned first that the district of Chiba Ken, east of Tokyo, has never had a resident missionary. Two native pastors and a colporteur have been faithful but have been unable to make a deep impression on these thousands for whom we United Brethren are responsible. A kinder- garten recently established and the English and Bible classes carried on for many years have been a great help in this district by attracting the children and the young men of the student classes to the Church. When we shall have obtained some comparatively inexpensive equipment in this Chiba Ken our great field can be better occupied. An agricultural school in this sec- tion, in the town of Matsudo, and shoyu factories in the town of Noda, have added to our opportunities. In Funabashi the Japanese themselves have built a church and parsonage, with some help from the mission. Tokyo. In Nihombashi, the central ward of the city of Tokyo, w^e outgrew our Thompson Memorial Church several years ago when it was removed to Honjo, the manufacturing section of the city. Here it was en- larged and still is the home of our Honjo congregation. This part of Tokyo with its slum quarters and many tiny overcrowded houses has presented an unusually 114 The Women's Missionary Association needy field. In the central ward, Nihombashi, which by the way is the geographical center of the Empire, we have a splendidly located lot and have for years been using the Japanese building for church purposes. It is not at all suitable and our Church, to be true to its trust, must soon erect there an ample building for the thousands in this strategic center. A night school here has been much appreciated by tlie young men. In Harajuku, one of the residential suburbs of this city, we have a church erected years ago by a Woman's Day offering. The building is well fitted also for Sunday-school and class room vv^ork. Bible classes among Normal school students and a much ap- preciated kindergarten are some of our by-activities here. Our Okubo Church in Tokyo has been noted from the first for its immediate attempts at self-sup- port. Usually self-support is attained through a period of years but in this case the people led by their soldier- pastor, quickly reached this stage. In Shimo Shibuya, another Tokyo suburb, our two missionary residences are located. Nearby is a church building where fine work is being done. The kinder- garten here, the first one of the six now in our Church in Japan, has been reaping a fine harvest. The Church has reason to be proud of our alumnal groups of fine sturdy Sunday-school boys and girls. Other Stations. Along the main railway of Japan are located nu- merous other churches — by the seaside, in medium sized cities and larger centers. The work being done Japan 115 can be almost uniformly measured by the permanency of the housing. In the large progressive city of Nagoya for instance, we have been obliged to move so many times and to such unsuitable locations that the re- sults have not been altogether satisfying. The in- creasingly high rents, the unusually strong Buddhist sentiment and the resultant antagonism of house own- ers to Christianity, have all conspired to limit our ef- forts. As a contrast, in Shizuoka where our young people years ago furnished a church building and in Numazu where a remodelled Japanese building has met the need, the work has made more steady prog- ress. Osaka, the commercial capital of Japan, was entered by our Church in 1910 because some of our loyal mem- bers moved there from other places. Within a year forty were baptized, these largely, of the merchant class. In Kobe, one of Japan's two most important seaports, a lot has recently been purchased and our w^ork there already so well established among the children through the Sunday school, will make steady growth with a permanent home. Shiga District. The district of Shiga Ken which was allotted to us after the general survey of 1911, is situated near Kyoto. Some of our earliest work was begun in this section, but until recent years made very slow prog- ress. Otsu, the capital of this province, is where Rev. Monroe Crecelius died in 1907, of scarlet fever. He had spent the previous year in the language school and teaching Bible classes in Tokyo. The need of Otsu was so overwhelming and Mr. Crecelius was meeting 116 The Women's Missionary Association the challenge splendidly when his earth life so sud- denly ended. But the pitiful need of the thousands there was burdening the hearts of our people both in Japan and America and now in this Shiga Ken a most encouraging work is being carried on. The city of Otsu itself has been difficult to reach and has yielded but slowly to gospel influences, yet great progress is being made in Zeze and Baba (two neighboring cities that are really suburbs of Otsu), and there is practically no limit to the opportunities in this prov- ince as a whole. Access to all government schools has been granted and a w^ide acquaintance gained. English and Bible classes, night schools, summer schools and camp, and women's meetings have given the coveted opportunities of making Christ known to many students and business young people and official classes. Splendid kindergartens not only assure the stability of our work in the future, but serve in many cases as the first opening into the Japanese homes of today. A theater building in Zeze was purchased and remodelled and serves now as a fine tabernacle for the worship of God and center of our work. In Baba our church owns a student dormitory which with its varied activities is also an asset to our work. In these nu- merous ways we are ministering to the 100,000 people of this district for whom we United Brethren are re- sponsible. Kyoto. Kyoto First Church was built up by the sacrifi- cial labors of our sainted Ishiguro and our church building and parsonage have made permanent the growth of the fine congregation. This church in addi- Japan 117 tion to the main auditorium has three Sunday-school rooms, pastor's study, and a gallery extending across one end of the auditorium. There are two other United Brethren churches in Kyoto doing good work, though one is still in a rented building. Here is situated Doshisha University. In this school we have educated our young men and are now cooperating to the extent of furnishing one Japanese and one American professor, the latter filling the chair of religious pedagogy in the theological department. The enrollment of this Christian university is now more than two thousand with sixty young men in the theological department. Our third missionary residence, commodious and well built, is near Do- shisha University. Expansion of the Work. Visits to Japan by Dr. Bell, Bishop Mills, Dr. Hough and still later ones by Bishop Howard, brought inspiration and help to Japan and also a challenging picture of the imperative needs to the Church at home. Interdenominational activities. Our missionaries and Japanese workers have entered heartily into wider interdenominational activities. Dr. Joseph Cosand, for many years our senior missionary, has published two volumes which were contributions to the general subject of Christian evidences. In 1913 the new Chris- tian Literature Society was organized by the federated missions of Japan. This society was to produce, translate and distribute Christian literature. That year also the Continuation Committee Conference, con- ducted by John R. Mott, inaugurated a three-year, 118 The Women's Missionary Association evangelistic campaign which resulted in great gains in many parts of Japan. Since 1909 the "Dobo," the monthly United Brethren periodical, has been pub- lished, as have also some other monthly papers, pam- phlets and tracts for distribution among the individual churches. Both missionaries and Japanese pastors have been closely identified with the executive com- mittee of the National Sunday school Association. The United Brethren Church in Japan has thus grown in self-consciousness. The laymen are taking an increasingly active part. In 1915 at the annual conference, the Rijikwai (a council of administration to assist the superintendent) was established, and a Japanese pastor elected by the conference to assist the mission superintendent in supervising the churches of the conference. This council has proved of great value both in the development of the native church and in the conduct of the affairs of the mission. Steady and substantial progress is being made by the Japan- ese United Brethren conference in the stewardship of life, the stewardship of money, and the stewardship of the gospel. Summary. For the year ending December 31, 1920, there were included in our mission in Japan, seven missionaries, eighteen native workers, twenty organized churches with a membership of 1679, twenty- eight Sunday schools, with a total enrollment of 1989, and five day schools with 140 pupils. PORTO RICO Our Clmrch was one of the first to establish work in Porto Rico. In February, 1899, Dr. W. M. Bell, then Secretary of the Kome, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society, went to the island. An early asrreement was entered into b}^ the various denomina- tions to prevent duplication and overlapping of work. Our Church is held responsible for the section in the southwestern part of the island. First church organized. On July 28, 1899, Rev. and Mrs. N. H. Huffman, our first missionaries, ar- rived on the island and opened mission work in Ponce, a city of 30,000 inhabitants. A church was organized in I\Iay, 1900, with ten members. During 1901 work was opened in Juana Diaz, the center of a district of 28,000 people with no Protestant church among them. A church vv^as organized July 19, 1903, with nineteen members. From Ponce and Juana Diaz as centers, the gos- pel was carried into the surrounding tov/ns and barrios. In 1907 Mr. Huffman, the superintendent, recom- mended that our work be extended and requested the board to grant him the privilege of doing pioneer work in Yauco, where very little gospel work had been done. After careful investigation this plan was ap- proved and Rev. P. AY. Drury, who went to the field in 1901, was made superintendent and located at Ponce. 120 The Women's Missionary Association A church with twenty-three members was or- ganized in Yauco, just one year after the opening of the work there. Notwithstanding the fact that Sunday is the chief market day of the week, the attendance at the Bible schools, which are the only Sunday morning services, is usually larger than the church membership. A large part of the church membership attends the mid-week prayer meeting. In the Christian Endeavor meeting emphasis is placed on testimony and training for spe- cial work. Special emphasis has been given to the training of native pastors and a regular course of study has been outlined for them. The Porto Rican pastor is given large responsibility, and the missionary seeks to honor him and work through him for the up-lifting of the people of his parish. Several years ago normal classes were first or- ganized in the Sunday schools and the teachers are being better prepared for their work. Personal Work- ers' classes have been organized in some of the churches. The members are being taught the prin- ciples of Christian stewardship and splendid advance has been made in the way of self-support. Each annual report from Porto Rico has revealed a rather slow but steady growth in practically every department of the work. Growth after thirteen years. In 1912 Bishop G. M. Mathews made a survey of the field in Porto Rico presiding at the annual conference. He gave the following summary of the advances made. "Thirteen years ago Rev. N. H. Huffman was our only mission- ary on the island. We had no property, no building, Porto Rico 121 no organization, no annual conference. Now we have nine American missionaries, eighteen Porto Rican preachers and deaconesses, fifteen organized churches, thirty-two other preaching places, thirty Sunday schools with an enrollment of one thousand five hun- dred thirty-eight and one thousand sixty-six hundred members in full communion, besides about five hun- dred who are candidates in training for full member- ship." In 1911 the building of a rest home in Porto Rico was begun. This rest home had been made possible by a Woman's Day offering. The house is situated about twelve miles from Ponce. This rest cottage, called Mt. Herman, is a source both of pleasure and profit to our missionaries, enabling them to get away from the heat and burden of work for a short while from time to time. Advance in self-help. The native church in Por- to Rico has advanced a long way in self-support and in missionary enterprise. By the close of the year 1917 ten buildings had been erected by funds con- tributed almost entirely by members of the Porto Rican churches. These buildings are for the most part rural chapels. At the eleventh annual conference, January, 1914, a plan was adopted looking toward self- support. Continued advance has been made in this line and it is hoped that within a maximum period of thirteen years all the present Porto Rican churches will be entirely self-supporting. A number of evangelistic campaigns have been held with good success. In the campaign of 1913 there were two hundred confessions of faith and the 122 Porto Rico 123 churches were wonderfully quickened. Another very successful campaign was held in 1917. Union enterprises. From the beginning there has been cooperation among the denominations carrying on mission work in the island. In 1912 the Puerto Rico Evangelico was established with the Presby- terian, Congregational and United Brethren missions cooperating. In 1905 a press had been established in our mission which had been publishing tracts and papers in so successful and effective a manner that the union project resulted. This gave the paper much wider circulation and influence. In 1915 the Metho- dists decided to cooperate also which gave a total cir- culation of approximately five thousand. By 1917, seven denominations were cooperating in the Puerto Rico Evangelico, and in 1921 the circulation was over 6,000. The work of the press has been carried on at Ponce in charge of Rev. P. W. Drury. In March, 1916, the Regional Conference, following the Congress of Christian Work in Latin America, convened in Porto Rico. Bishop A. T. Howard attended both of these conferences, held the Porto Rican annual con- ference, sailing then to Africa. The Evangelical Union of Porto Rico made up of eight of the evangeli- cal churches at work here was formed in 1916 with strong committees on education, literature, evangelism and moral reform. This action brought not only closer cooperation among the missions but greatly strength- ened the Porto Rican church. The next year was the year of the great prohibition campaign, culminating in a great victory, and this triumph of the cause of prohibition was more largely due to the mission press 124 The Women's Missionary Association than any other agency. The churches took a very vital interest in this campaign. Rev. P. W. Drury was one of the most active forces, remaining in Porto Rico beyond the time he had for furlough until the victory had been won. Cooperation has also been carried on in the edu- cational field. When Porto Rico became American territory our school system was introduced there, but as a very inadequate provision was made for the chil- dren, many of the missions opened day schools. As the school system was developed by the government, many of the mission schools were closed primarily owing to the demand for funds for the evangelistic work. The educational system is not yet adequate, however, one hundred thousand children remaining without educational advantages. Several of the de- nominations are therefore reopening their day schools. Of the higher schools the United Brethren workers cooperate with the Polytechnic Institute located at San German which provides for students from the sixth grade through the high school course. To this school those are sent who are preparing for the min- istry, before they enter the Union Theological Sem- inary. While we have contributed nothing to this school we are privileged to send students to it by pay- ing a small tuition fee. This is true also in regard to the Blanche Kellogg Institute at Santurce (San Juan), a Congregational school for girls. The Union Theo- logical Seminary has grown out of the imperative need of a well-trained ministry. In this enterprise seven denominations cooperate. The Seminary is Porto Rico 125 located in Rio Piedras, facing the University of Porto Rico, where the students pursue certain studies. Missionary work of native church. Of the sixteen churches and chapels at least nine were built from of- ferings made on the field. More than two thousand persons from all ages and classes are gathered each Lord's Day for the study of the Word, and in Sunday evening and midweek services the gospel is being preached to not less than three thousand each week. There were, June, 1921, under seven missionaries and eighteen native workers, eight Christian Endeavor Societies, seventeen organized congregations with six- teen hundred baptized members and more than two hundred candidates in preparation for church mem- bership. The offerings have increased from almost nothing in the beginning to more than five thousand dollars. More than five hundred of this amount was contributed to home and foreign missions. The money gathered for foreign missions is used to open up work in Santa Domingo. It had long been the earnest desire of the Christians of Porto Rico to occupy this needy field. This was also strongly urged by the Regional Conference of 1916. Then, too, many Porto Ricans moved to Santo Domingo, so the work would be partly that of conservation. Work was finally opened in 1920 with two denominations cooper- ating and our own Church helping by giving the serv- ices of Rev. Philo W. Drury, who spent six months on the island to purchase a suitable property and organize the work. Rev. N. H. Huffman, our first missionary to Porto Rico, went to carry on this work in June, 1921. 126 The Women's Missionary Association Much has been accomplished in Porto Rico. Yet not half of the field dependent upon the United Breth- ren Church for its opportunity to learn the way of salvation, has been occupied. OUR HOME MISSION FIELD Portland, Oregon. From the beginning of the work as an Association the Chinese on the Pacific coast had enlisted the sym- pathy of our women. The Bishops returning from visits to the coast told of how utterly destitute of gos- pel privileges these people were. Nothing definite was done until in the spring of 1881, when the Board of Managers at its meeting in Western, Iowa, adopted the following resolution : "That we request the Trus- tees to open a school for the Chinese on the Pacific Coast as soon as practicable." School for Chinese opened. Bishop Castle visited San Francisco, and Portland, Oregon, and found many Chinese at both places. In Portland he found a night school for the Chinese which had been carried on for six years by Moy Ling, a Christian Chinaman. The school had grown so large that Moy Ling w^as anx- ious to transfer it to some church, and Bishop Castle began to negotiate for it. After careful investigation, the Trustees, in October, 1882, decided to take the school. November 15, 1882, Mrs. Ellen Sickafoose, of Buchanan, Michigan, was appointed to take charge of the mission. When she went to Portland July 16, 1883, there w^ere twenty pupils. Within nine months the number increased to 157 and they contributed $407 toward the support of the school, which Vv'as held every evening during the week except Saturday. A Sunday school was organized the first Sunday after the arrival of Mrs. Sickafoose. The building 128 The Women's Missionary Association which had been rented became very crowded and there was great need for a larger and better place. At the meeting of the Board of Managers at Hartsville, Indiana, in May, 1884, Rev. George Sicka- foose was appointed to this work. At this time it was learned that the building used for the school w^as to be sold. Action was taken to secure a suitable place for the school. Early in 1885 a property was pur- chased costing $8,000. During the first five years of our mission work in Portland great prosperity attended it, 500 different Chinese had been in the school and fifty-nine had professed faith in Christ and joined the Church. Dur- ing these five years the pupils paid $2,545.58 in tuition, on the property, and for missions. In July, 1891, Rev. George Sickafoose resigned and entered the active ministry. Mrs. Sickafoose with Moy Ling continued the school ; but on account of ill health, she resigned October 1, 1893. Mrs. Mary Henkle, of Philomath, Oregon, was appointed to the vacancy, with Moy Ling continued as assistant and interpreter. In 1897 it was thought that perhaps better results might be obtained if the school were moved nearer to Chinatown. This was done with increased ex- pense, and while a fair number of boys attended the school the result was not what the trustees and super- intendent expected. At the meeting of the Board of Managers at West- erville in 1898 the following recommendation was adopted : School discontinued. "On account of the changed conditions and the resignation of Mrs. M. E. Henkle, Vera B. Blinn To whose memory the Jubilee Offering is dedicated. Our Home Mission Field 129 the distance of the mission from Chinatown, the fail- ure to secure the hoped-for results by moving to a more suitable location, that the school at Portland be suspended for the present, and that our property be disposed of as soon as the Trustees deem advisable, the proceeds to be used for our work in China. The property was sold in 1906 for $7,000 and the the proceeds to be used for our work in China." New work. There was a growing need for a United Brethren Church in Portland, and upon the advice of Bishop Hott the Board of Managers at its meeting in Decatur, Illinois, in May, 1891, agreed to pay toward the pastor's support for five years and pledged $3,000 to assist in purchasing property, pro- vided that Oregon Conference open a mission in that city, provide a pastor, and erect the building. The offer was accepted. In the fall of 1891 a hall was rented and a church organized with twenty-six members. In January, 1892, a lot was purchased for $3,500 and the building was begun in the spring. On account of the financial depression all over the country, the conference was not able to complete the church. The Association therefore assumed all financial responsibility. The church was finished in the summer of 1894 at a cost of $5,000 and deeded to the Association. It was dedicated November 18, 1894, by Bishop N. Castle and Bishop J. S. Mills. Property Deeded to the Local Church. During the years that the church was under the supervision of the Association its growth in membership was very 130 The Women's Missionary Association small. At the meeting of the Board of Managers in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in May, 1899, the committee brought in the following report, which was adopted by a full rising vote : "Since it is believed that the welfare of our Port- land church will be better secured by placing it in the same relation to the General Church as the other Coast churches, as was originally intended when the Portland church was projected, it was decided to adopt the recommendation of the Corresponding Sec- retary that our church property in East Portland be deeded to the Trustees of the local U. B. Church in Portland, Oregon Conference, that we agree to pay toward the pastor's salary, $300 for 1899 and $200 for 1900, when our financial connection shall cease." The latter amount was changed to $300 at the request of the Bishop and presiding elder of Oregon Conference, which sum was also paid in 1901. During these eight years the Women's Missionary Association contributed $12,666.68 to the Portland church. For nine years following the transfer of our work in Portland the association did not do any distinctively home mission work. Cooperating With The Home Missionary Society With a membership already vitally interested as individuals in the cause of Home Missions the agree- ment made in 1909 to cooperate with the Home Mis- sionary Society in its work was a source of joy and satisfaction. The Home Missionary activities of our Church began with its earliest history. Many preachers on Our Home Mission Field 131 their own responsibility made long and dangerous journeys to reach neglected territories. Later each Conference carried on its own Home Missionary work within its own borders, and even in outlying districts. The General Conference of 1841 appointed a mis- sionary board, but since no constitution, etc., were pro- vided, no progress was made until effective organiza- tion was made by the General Conference of 1853. For many years both home and foreign work were carried on by the society here founded — the Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society. Conference Extension. The task of opening up new fields and organizing.; new conferences is carried on under the care and with the active support of the society of Home Missions. These conferences are known as home mission confer- ences. As soon as possible such conferences become self-supporting. Some of the earliest mission confer- ences were Oregon (organized 1856), Kansas (1857), Minnesota (1857), Wisconsin (1858), Nebraska (1858), California (1863), etc. During the years a number of the conferences have been so strengthened through the help of the Home Missionary Society that they have not only assumed full self-support, but are contributing largely to the work of the Church both at home and abroad. At the present time Oklahoma, Colorado, Minnesota, Mis- souri, New Mexico, and Montana are receiving aid from the Home Mission Society. In 1909, the first year of cooperation, our funds for home missions were appropriated to the work in 132 Our Home Mission Field 133 North Texas Conference, Stockton, California, Ore- gon Conference, and Walla Walla, Washington. In North Texas Conference the first church was organized in April, 1907, at Hartville, Oklahoma, with thirteen members, by Mrs. Callie King, a former mis- sionary in Africa. The conference was organized by Bishop W. M. Weekley in November, 1908, with four ordained ministers and three holding quarterly con- ference relations. The North Texas Conference was divided into the Oklahoma and New Mexico Confer- ence in 1914. A church at Stockton, California, was organized in 1907, and has made steady progress. New church buildings were erected and organizations of congregations and Sunday schools were effected in Oregon and Washington. City Missions, For many years, in accordance with the policy of our denomination the work of extending the church was largely in the rural districts. With the change that has been taking place in the distribution of popu- lation, namely, the rapid growth of cities until with the last census it was found that now more than fifty percent of the population of the United States is lo- cated in cities, and that the rate of growth of cities has exceeded that of the total population of the country, it became necessary for a change in policy, if the United Brethren Church was to conserve its rural membership rapidly moving to the cities, and to do its share in giving the Gospel of Christ to these needy districts. This led to the City Mission work, a plan whereby our Church has entered seven important cities in strategic locations, as follows: Rockford, Illinois; 134 The Women's Missionary Association Great Falls, Montana ; Ft. Wayne, Indiana (South Wayne Church) ; Louisville, Kentucky (The Cadle Memorial Tabernacle); Fairmont, West Virginia; Greenville, Tennessee; Tampa, Florida (Second). In each case the churches established in these centers have had steady growth and either have become or are rapidly becoming self-supporting. There are many other cities in which a similar work should be done both to answer the need of the city and to insure the existence and growth of our denomination. An active program covering the present quadrennium has been planned. Its importance cannot be over empha- sized. For several years past the portion of the Woman's Day offering devoted to Home Missions has been given to this City Mission Fund. Deaconess Work. Beginning with 1910 and continuing through 1916 the support of the deaconesses in Home Mission churches, requisitioned a portion of each Woman's Day offering. During this period of seven years a total of twelve deaconesses were in service. Trained in The Bonebrake Theological Seminary and well equipped for the work, these women were of greatest value to the churches where they labored. Through visiting the church members, the people of the community, sick and needy, through personal soul-winning and activity in the various de- partments of the church, the deaconess fills an im- portant position and many of our churches would find their field of service greatly extended and their use- fulness to the community heightened through the em- ployment of one of these trained workers. Since 1916 Our Home Mission Field 135 the deaconesses have no longer been supported by the Home Mission Society, but are employed by the in- dividual churches. Spanish -A merle an Work . Some of the first of the deaconesses to be em- ployed were sent to open up one of the most interest- ing phases of our home missionary work, that in New Mexico. In 1912 in response to the need of the Span- ish Americans in this territory first of all for the knowledge of a Savior, for better living conditions and an opportunity for an education, it was decided to open up school work at Velarde, New Mexico. V/ork opened at Velarde. Miss Mellie Perkins arrived in Velarde early in October, 1912. From the beginning bitter opposition and even persecution was encountered from the Catholic Church by our v/ork- ers. Santa Cruz. In 1914 work was opened at Santa Cruz. Through the gift of Mr. and Mrs. M. E. Mc- Curdy of Lebanon, Pa., in memory of their daughter Edith, the Edith M. McCurdy Mission was erected in Santa Cruz. The property consists of two and one- half acres with a mission house of two stories. With the growth of the work and the determination to con- centrate all boarding school work at Santa Cruz, new and more adequate quarters were necessary. The Edith McCurdy Home was converted into a boys' dor- mitory. A large dormitory that will house from sev- enty-five to one hundred girls was completed in Au- gust, 1920. An electric plant was installed to light all three of our buildings at Santa Cruz, additional land 136 The Women's Missionary Association has been purchased and playground equipment in- stalled. Larger quarters to care for the boys, and a complete water system for the plant are imperatively needed. Alcalde. In 1917 a third school was opened at Alcalde, about half way between Santa Cruz and Velarde. In November, 1920, an adequate school building was completed here, containing school rooms and quarters for teachers. By the close of 1922 it is expected that through building and remodeling, ade- quate quarters will be furnished for the work at Ve- larde. At Santa Cruz there is both day and boarding school work; at Velarde and Alcalde just the Plaza or day school is held. Church services are conducted at all three stations. About two hundred are enrolled in the three schools. The organized Church at Santa Cruz has a membership of forty-four. Here there is also a Chapter of the Otterbein Guild. While the re- sults in New Mexico are slow, the work is necessary, not only from the viewpoint of our national welfare, but from the viewpoint of the evangelization and christianization of this ever-increasing Spanish Ameri- can people, who are becoming an organic part of our nationality and civilization. Our Home Mission Field 137 Summary. The annual report of 1921 showed the following statistics : 14,475 members on our home mis- sion fields ; an average of 7,782 at preaching services, and at Sunday schools 9,242 with an enrollment of 17,594. There are 130 missionaries serving 158 ap- pointments. During the year there were 2,243 acces- sions and $246,354.33 paid by our home mission field for all purposes. Since the organization the Home ^Missionary Society and the Church received from its fields three dollars for every one expended, besides 42,834 souls saved. 138 The Women's Missionary Association SOME IMPORTANT DATES 1853 The Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society- was organized in May. 1855 First missionaries of the church — Rev. D. K. Flickingcr, Rev. W. J. Shuey and Dr. D. C. Kumler, sailed for Africa, February 26. 1857 Shenge, in the Sherbro Country was chosen as the site for the first mission station. 1869 Ohio German Sister's missionary society organized. 1872 Women of California Conference organized a mission- ary society. May 8. 1872 Miami Conference Women's Missionary Association organized, May 9. 1873 Women's Missionary Association of White River Con- ference organized November 24. 1873 A column in the Missionary Visitor set apart for the use of Women's Missionary Association. 1875 Organization of the National Board of the Women's Missionary Association, October 21. 1876 Women's Board voted to open work in Africa adjacent to the work of the General Mission Board. 1876 Miss Emily Beeken, the first missionary of the Wom- en's Board, sailed for Africa, November 16. 1877 National Association authorized by General Conference. 1877 First mission station opened at Rotifunk in the Temne Country, West Africa. 1880 Mission in Coburg, Germany opened by Women's Board. 1880 West Africa Annual Conference organized. 1881 Association incorporated March, 28, and first Board of Trustees elected. 1882 First issue of the Women's Evangel published in Janu- ary. 1882 Chinese Mission School opened in Portland, Oregon. 1883 Office for the Association opened in the United Breth- ren Publishing House. 1883 First Constitution for Young Women's Bands adopted. 1886 "The Rufus Clark and Wife Training School" was founded at Shenge bv the Home Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society. 1888 The "Mary Sower's Home for Girls" erected at Roti- funk. 1889 First missionaries sailed for China and mission located in Canton. 1889 Mission in Germany transferred to the Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society. 1891 Medical work opened in Africa mission. 1891 First medical missionaries sailed to China. 1893 Woman's Day authorized by General Conference. Some Important Dates 139 1895 Japan mission opened by the Home Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society. 1898 Uprising in Africa and massacre of seven missionaries. Property destroyed. 1899 First missionaries sent to Porto Rico by the Home Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society, mission lo- cated at Ponce. 1900 Cooperation with the Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan for the training of Japanese workers. 1900 Work in Portland, Oregon, turned over to local church. 1901 Elizabeth Kumler-Miller Seminary opened in Canton, China. 1901 First missionaries sailed for the Philippine Islands. 1901 Girl's Boarding School reopened in Africa at Moyamba. 1902 Cooperation in Africa agreed upon between the two mission boards. 1902 Japan mission conference organized. 1903 Porto Rican mission conference organized. 1904 Albert Academy opened in Freetown, West Africa. ^ 1905 The Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society dissolved by General Conference, and the Foreign Mis- sionary Society and the Home Missionary Society organ- ized under separate boards. 1907 Literature Department of the Association organized. 1908 China mission conference organized. 1908 Philippine mission conference organized. 1909 Cooperation with the Foreign Missionary Society and with the Home Missionary Society agreed upon. 1910 Work opened in the Kono Country, West Africa. 1911 The Elizabeth Kumler Miller Seminary moved to Siu Lam. 1910 The Young Women's Bible Training School opened in San Fernando, Philippine Islands. 1911 Cooperation with other missions in the Philippines in the support of the Union Theological Seminary. 1913 Mission opened in New Mexico at Velarde. 1914 Girl's Boarding School opened at Santa Cruz, New Mexico. 1915 Thank-Offering Department created. 1920 Mission opened in the Island Santo Domingo in co- operation with other denominations. WOMAN'S DAY SPECIALS 1893 China. 1894 Africa. 1895 Bethany Cottage, Africa. 1896 General Fund. 1897 Beth Eden. China. Hospital, Africa. 140 The Women's Missionary Association 1898 Chapel and Dispensary, China. 1899 Africa, China, New work. 1900 India. 1901 Philippines. 1902 Debt of Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society. 1903 Albert Academy, Africa. 1904 Foundling Home, China. 1905 Albert Academy, Africa. 1906 Moyamba Home, Africa. 1907 San Fernando Church, Philippines. 1908 China Building Fund. 1909 Miller Seminary, China. 1910 Deaconess work in America. Rest Homes, Porto Rico and Philippines. 1911 Deaconess work in America. Church, Tokyo, Japan. 1912 Support of Deaconesses — America. Extension of work in our five foreign fields. 1913 Deaconesses in Home stations, churches, schools, hos- pitals and mission homes in our foreign fields. 1914 Spanish-American work in New Mexico. Deaconess work in Home Mission stations. Dispensary, Educational buildings, chapels and mission- ary homes in our foreign fields. 1915 Deaconesses. Spanish-Americans. Montana. Siu Lam, China. Miller Seminary. Hospital. Missionary Residences. 1916 Deaconesses. Spanish- Americans. Montana. Miller Seminary, Siu Lam, China. 1917 Chapel — Santa Cruz, New Mexico. Building for Young Women's Bible Training School, San Fernando, Philippine Islands. 1918 Opening work in strategic centers in Montana. Equipping Alcalde Mission. Alissionary Homes. 1919 City Alission Fund. Enlarging Moyamba Home, Africa. 1920 City Mission Fund — America. Erection of Missionary Residences. 1921 Special City Missions — America. Moyamba Home — Africa. Trustees and Officers 141 OFFICERS Presidents Mrs. T. N. Sowers 1875-1879 Mrs. Sylvia Haywood 1879-1887 Mrs. L. K. Miller 1887-1905 Mrs. L. R. Harford 1905- General Secretaries Mrs. L. R. Harford 1875-1876 Mrs. B. F. Marot 1876-1881 Mrs. L. R. Harford 1881-1893 Mrs. B. F. Witt 1893-1909 Mrs. Alva Kauffman 1909-1919 Miss Vera Blinn 1919-1920 Miss Alice Bell 1921- Recording Secretaries Mrs. D. L. Rike 1875-1881 Mrs. Benj. I^Iarot 1881-1893 Mrs. B. F. Witt 1893-1897 Mrs. L. O. Miller 1897-1909 Mrs. H. Z. McFadden 1909-1911 Mrs. W. O. Fries 1911- Treasurers Mrs. W. J. Shuey 1875-1881 Mrs. D. L. Rike 1881-1903 Mrs. B. F. Witt 1903-1909 Mrs. Alva Kauffman 1909-1919 Miss Vera Blinn 1919-1920 Miss Alice Bell 1921- Evangel Editors Mrs. L. R. Keister Harford 1882-1892 Mrs. L. K. Miller 1893-1904 Mrs. M. R. Albert Hough 1905-1914 Miss Mabel Drury 1914-1917 Miss Vera Blinn 1917-1920 Miss Alice Bell 1920-1921 142 The Women's Missionary Association Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS T. N. Sowers 1875-1880 Sylvia Haywood 1875-1886 D. L. Rike 1875-1903 W. J. Shuey 1875-1890 L. R. Keister Harford 1875-1876; 1880- O. Hadley Bridgeman 1875-1879 Z. A. Colestock 1875-1876; 1878-1879 Benj. Marot 1876-1903 W. O. Tobey 1876-1877; 1882-1883 Thornton 1877-1878 A. L. Billheimer 1879-1895 E. B. Bierman 1879-1880; 1892-1893 E. B. Kephart 1880-1881 Lewis Davis 1881-1882 M. E. Sickafoose 1882-1883 L. K. Miller 1882-1905 E. K. Belong 1883-1888 David Edwards 1883-1892 G. P. Macklin 1887-1888; 1903-1910 A. L. Funk 1888-1889 M. A. McFarlan 1888-1891 E. S. Lorenz 1889-1891; 1905-1909 B. M. Long 1890-1891 Emma Landis 1891-1892 B. F. Witt 1891-1909 J. W. Etter 1891-1895 S. A. Funkhouser 1892-1906; 1907-1909 Ellen Groenendyke 1893-1899; 1905-1907 M. West 1895-1899; 1900-1905 O. Miller 1895-1896; 1897-1915 W. Keister 1896-1897 D. Faust 1899-1903 B. Haak 1899-1900 E. Custer 1903-1909 H. Leitzel 1903-1919 S. Hough 1906- Alva Kauffman 1909-1921 L. H. McFadden 1909-1911 H. B. Spayd 1909-1915 W. O. Fries 1909- J. E. Fout 1910- J. P. Landis 1911- A. T. Howard 1915- C. M. Coovcr 1915-1917 Albert Keister 1917- Oliver Fridy 1919-1921 J. B. Showers 1921- V. O. Weidler 1921- The Women's Missionary Association 143 TIME AND PLACE OF BOARD MEETING 1875 October 21 Dayton, Ohio, First Church 1876 May 11 Dayton, Ohio, First Church 1877 April 26 Dayton, Ohio, Summit St. 1878 May 1 Galion, Ohio 1879 May 21 Dayton, Ohio, First Church 1880 May 19 Fostoria, Ohio 1881 May 11 Western, Iowa 1882 May 24 Lebanon, Pennsylvania 1883 May 16 Westerville, Ohio 1884 May 16 Hartsville, Indiana 1885 May 7 Dayton, Ohio, First Church 1886 May 19 Huntington, Ohio 1887 May 20 Westfield, Illinois 1888 May 17 Toledo, Iowa 1889 May 8 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1890 May 21 Dayton, Ohio, Summit St. 1891 May 19 Decatur, Illinois 1892 May 11 Baltimore, Maryland 1893 May 9 Germantowm, Ohio 1894 May 23 Waterloo, Indiana 1895 May 15 Westfield, Illinois 1896 May 21 Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania 1897 May 12 Lisbon, Iowa 1898 May 18 Westerville, Ohio 1899 May 17 Ft. Wayne, Indiana 1900 May 17 Dayton, Ohio, First Church 1901 May 9 Hagerstown, Maryland 1902 May 13 Lecompton, Kansas 1903 May 26 Fostoria. Ohio 1904 May 18 Altoona, Pennsylvania, First Church 1905 May 9_-- Holton, Kansas 1906 May 22 Canton, Ohio 1907 May 15 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Alemorial Church 1908 May 26-29 Anderson, Indiana 1909 May 11-13 Akron, Ohio 1910 May 11-13 Dayton, Ohio, First Church 1911 May 16-19 Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania 1912 May 9-13 Myerstown, Pennsylvania 1913 May 6-8 Bloomington, Illinois 1915 April 8-12 York, Nebraska 1917 May 8-11 lola, Kansas 1919 April 11-15 Scottdalc, Pennsylvania 1921 April 28— May 2 Bowling Green, Ohio MISSIONARY DIRECTORY AFRICA Name — State Place of Education Term of Service Emily Beeken, Ohio Olterbein Nov., 1876—1878 Mrs. Mary Mair, Scotland.Oberlin Oct., 1879— April, 1883 Died March, 1897 Rev. R. N. West, Ind Lebanon Normal Oct., 1882— Feb., 1886 Ann Arbor Med.___Sept., 1886— April, 1891 Bonebrake Oct., 1892— died Sept., 1894 Mrs. R. N. West, Ohio___Smithville Academy.Oct., 1882— Feb., 1886 Bonebrake Sept., 1886— April, 1891 Oct., 1892— Dec, 1894 Rev. W. S. Sage, Ohio Bonebrake Sept., 1887— Oct., 1890 Mrs. W. S. Sage, Ohio Smithville Academy_Sept., 1887— Oct., 1890 Bonebrake Ellen Groenendyke, Ind._^Hartsville College___Oct., 1889— April, 1893 Oct., 1900— May, 1902 Frances Williams, Ind Otterbein Oct., 1889 — died July, Moody Institute 1892 Jacob Miller, Ind Bonebrake Nov., 1890— Oct., 1892 Mrs. Jacob Miller, Ohio—Bonebrake Nov., 1890— Oct., 1892 M. Hatfield, M. D., Ohio-Cincinnati Sept., 1891— Nov., 1895 Woman's Medical Oct., 1897 — massacred College May, 1898 Elma Bittle, Ohio Otterbein Sept., 1891 — died Aug., 1892 Ella Schenck, Ohio Classical Academy__Sept., 1891— Dec, 1894 Eastern Indiana Oct., 1897 — massacred Normal May, 1898 Alice Harris, M. D., lowa.Amity College April, 1891— Oct., 1892 Wheaton College Homeopathic Med- ical College I. N. Cain, Mo Leander Clark Oct., 1892— June, 1896 Oct., 1897 — massacred May, 1898 Mrs. I. N. Cain, Wis Leander Clark Oct., 1892— June, 1896 Oct., 1897 — massacred May. 1898 146 Missionary Directory Name — State Place of Education Term of Service Lydia Thomas, Ohio Oct., 1892— Dec, 1894 P. O. Bonebrake, Ore... -Leander Clark Oct., 1892—1893 Bonebrake L. O. Burtner, Va Amity College Oct., 1892— May, 1896 Wheaton College--_Sept., 1897— May, 1898 Mrs. L. O. Burtner, Pa._-Lebanon Valley Oct., 1892— May, 1896 Sept., 1897— May, 1898 A. T. Howard, Mich Otterbein Nov., 1894— May, 1898 Mrs. A. T. Howard, Ohio-Otterbein Nov., 1894— May, 1898 Florence Cronise, N.Y Private tutors; 3 Nov., 1894— May, 1898 yrs. in Europe Otterbein Minnie Eaton, Ohio Otterbein Nov., 1894— May, 1898 Oct., 1900— Jan., 1904 Nov., 1904— June, 1907 March, 1908— Oct., 1910 March, 1911— Oct., 1913 Mav, 1914— Nov., 1917 Dec, 1918— Aug., 1921 Mary Archer, M.D., lowa.Callanan College Dec, 1895 — massacred Leander Clark Alay, 1898 King Elec MedicaL F. Minshall, Ontario Otterbein Oct., 1896— June, 1898 Mrs. F. Minshall, Ind Otterbein Oct., 1896— June, 1898 L. A. McGrew, Ohio Bonebrake March, 1896 — massacred May, 1898 Mrs. L. A. McGrew, Ohio-Bonebrake March, 1896 — massacred A/[ay, 1898 Arthur A. Ward, Ind Leander Clark Oct., 1897— May, 1898 J. R. King, Pa Otterbein Nov., 1894— Feb., 1898 Sept., 1898— April, 1901 Nov., 1902— April, 1905 Nov., 1905— March, 1909 Sept., 1909— April, 1912 Mrs. J. R. King, Ohio Otterbein Nov., 1894— Feb., 1898 Sept., 1898— April, 1901 Nov., 1902— April, 1905 Nov., 1905— March, 1909 Sept., 1909— April, 1912 I. E. Albert, Pa Lebanon Valley Nov., 1899— died Nov., 1902 Airs. I. E. Albert, Pa Lebanon Valley Nov., 1899— May, 1903 E. E. Todd, Minn Leander Clark Nov., 1899— May, 1903 Aug.. 1904— died Dec, 1904 Missionary Directory 147 Name — State Place of Education Term of Service Mrs. E. E. Todd, Mass.— Northfield Seminary Nov., 1899— May, 1903 Moody Aug., 1904— May, 1907 Nov., 1907— July, 1910 March. 1912— Sept., 1914 March, 1916— April, 1919 E. A. King, Iowa Lane University Nov., 1899 — May, 1901 Mrs. E. A. King, Ind Lane University Nov., 1899— May, 1901 S. J. Barakat, Syria Syrian Protestant Oct., 1900— Feb., 1901 College Baltimore College of Physicians & Surgeons Mrs. S. J. Barakat, Md Oct., 1900— Feb., 1901 Zenora Griggs, M.D., Calif. Los Angeles Med- Oct., 1900— Feb., 1904 ical College Nov., 1904— Sept., 1907 March, 1908— March, 1911 Nov., 1911— May, 1914 Aug., 1916— April, 1919 W. S. Richards, Kan Lane University Feb., 1901— Dec, 1902 Mrs. W. S. Richards, Pa._Emporia State Feb., 1901— Dec, 1902 Normal Mary E. Murrell, 111 Otterbein Oct., 1902— April, 1904 Nov., 1904— Jan., 1906 Rilla Akin, Wis Leander Clark Oct., 1902— April, 1905 (Mrs. H. D. Southard) Nov., 19C5— Sept., 1908 H. D. Southard, N.Y Mt. Hermon SchooLMay, 1906— Sept., 1908 Bonebrake Clayton W. Snyder, Ind.__Otterbein Sept., 1903— Feb., 1906 >vlrs. C. W. Snyder, Pa.— Otterbein Sept., 1903— May, 1905 C. Judy, Ohio Otterbein Sept., 1903— March, 1906 Mrs. C. Judy, 111 Otterbein Sept., 1903— Sept., 1905 W. E. Riebel, 111 Otterbein — Sept., 1903— July, 1905 Mrs. W. E. Riebel, Ohio— Otterbein Sept., 1903— died Dec, 1903 Raymond P. Daugherty, Pa. Lebanon Valley June, 1904 — Aug.^ 1906 Bonebrake June, 1907— Nov., 1909 Jan., 1911— July, 1913 Mrs. R. P. Daugherty, Ohio-Miami Jacobs Jan., 1911— July, 1913 A. Eliza Akin, Wis Leander Clark Nov., 1904— June, 1907 June, 1908— May, 1910 Dec, 1911— July, 1914 March, 1915— Oct., 1918 Feb., 1920 148 Missionary Directory Name— State Place of Education Term of Service E. M. Hursh, Ohio Otterbein Nov., 1905— May, 1908 Jan., 1909— Aug., 1911 Nov., 1912— Sept., 1915 Aug., 1916— Nov., 1917 May, 1920— Aug., 1921 Mrs. E. M. Hursh, Ind.— Otterbein Nov., 1907— May, 1908 Jan., 1909— Aug., 1911 Nov., 1912— Sept., 1915 Oct., 1916— Nov., 1917 May, 1920— Aug., 1921 H. T. Miller, Iowa Leander Clark Nov., 1906— May, 1908 Nov., 1908— May, 1911 Nov., 1911— May, 1913 111 health. Mrs. H. T. Miller, Iowa__Leander Clark Nov., 1906— May, 1908 Nov., 1908— May, 1911 Nov., 1911— May, 1913 Mary E. Stauffer, Pa Cedar Rapids Dec, 1906— June, 1909 Normal Dec, 1909— June, 1912 E. Kingman, Mass March, 1907— Aug. 1909 Feb., 1910— Sept., 1912 March, 1916— May, 1918 Alice Dougherty, Pa Good Samaritan June, 1907 — Nov., 1909 (Mrs. J. F. Musselman) Hospital Feb., 1911— July, 1913 Bonebrake Feb., 1914— Feb., 1917 Julv, 1918— Aug., 1920 June, 1921 J. F. Musselman, Pa Union Missionary June, 1908 — Oct., 1910 Institute Feb., 1911— July, 1913 Feb., 1914— Feb., 1917 July, 1918— Aug., 1920 June, 1921 Ella Shanklin, Ohio Otterbein June, 1908— Feb., 1911 Moody Bible School Oct., 1911— March, 1914 Sept., 1909— June, 1912 J. Hal Smith, Iowa Christian Worker's Sept., 1909— June, 1912 Training School __March, 1913 — March, 1915 Accidentally shot. Mrs. J. Hal Smith, Vt Houghton Seminary Sept.. 1909— June, 1912 March. 1913— Nov., 1914 F. A. Risley, Mich Otterbein Dec, 1909— July, 1912 Bonebrake June, 1913— Feb., 1916 Dec, 1918— Jan., 1921 Sept., 1921 Missionary Directory 149 Name — State Place of Education Term of Service ^Irs. F. A. Risley, Pa Otterbein June, 1913— Feb., 1916 Dec, 1918— Jan., 1921 W. N. Wimmer, Kan Lane University June, 1910 — Feb., 1913 Campbell College —Sept., 1913— March, 1916 Oct., 1916— Aug., 1920 Sept., 1921 Mrs. W. N. Wimmer, Kan. Campbell College __June, 1910— Dec, 1912 May, 1914— March, 1916 Aug., 1919— Aug., 1920 Sept., 1921 Etta Odle, Ind Bonebrake June, 1910— Dec, 1912 June, 1913— Sept., 1915 March, 1916— April, 1919 May, 1920 Morris Goodrich, Nebr Moody July, 1912— May, 1914 Philomath D. E. Weidler, Pa Lebanon Valley July, 1912— Dec, 1914 Columbia University Oct., 1915 — May, 1918 Feb., 1919— Aug., 1921 Mrs. D. E. Weidler, Ind.-Oberlin Oct., 1915— May, 1918 Nyack Missionary Feb., 1919 — Aug., 1921 Train'g School Fanny Shunk, Ohio Otterbein Oct., 1911— April, 1914 (Mrs. G. M. Richter) Bonebrake Feb., 1920 G. M. Richter, Pa Lebanon Valley March, 1912— April, 1914 Bonebrake Feb., 1920 Sarah E. Landis, Pa Good Samaritan March, 1912 — Sept., 1914 Hospital Lebanon Mae Hoerner, Pa Lebanon Valley Nov., 1913— April, 1916 State College June, 1918— Nov., 1920 Lulu Clippinger, Pa Lebanon Valley May, 1914 — Jan., 1917 July, 1918— May, 1919 111 — Black water fever. Nora Vesper, Ohio Samaritan Hospital July, 1915 — May, 1918 Ashland Dec, 1918— Aug., 1921 D. M. Evans, Pa Nvack Missionary July, 1915— May, 1918 "Training School— Dec, 1918— Jan., 1921 Nov., 1921 Mrs. D. M. Evans, N.Y.__Xvack Missionary Tulv, 1915 — May, 1918 Training School—Dec, 1918— Jan., 1921 150 Missionary Directory Name — State Place of Education Term of Service Jessie Hoerner, Pa School of Commerce March, 1915 — Oct., 1918 Harrisburg E. W. Emery, Ind Indiana Central Oct., 1915— May, 1918 Mrs. E. W. Emery, Ind.__Indiana Central Oct., 1915— May, 1918 Emma Ney, Pa University of Pa. Aug., 1916 — April, 1919 Hospital May, 1920 H. H. Thomas, Kan Campbell Oct., 1916— June, 1919 May, 1920 Mrs. H. H. Thomas, Kan. Kansas City Univ.__May, 1920 Naomi Wilson, Pa Indiana Normal July, 1918— Aug., 1920 Grove City College-June, 1921 Edith Fridy, Pa Millersville NormaLFcb., 1920 Harry Crim, Va Lebanon Valley July, 1920 W. N. Martin, Pa Lebanon Valley Dec, 1920 Mrs. W. N. Martin, Pa.-_Lebanon Valley Dec, 1920 Grace Renn, Pa Continuation School, Dec, 1920 Philadelphia G. T. Rosselot, Ind Otterbein Oct., 1920- R L. Embree, N.Y Union College Nov., 1918— Dec, 1919 Schenectady, N.Y. — Oct., 1920 Mrs. R. L. Embree, N.C._.-North Carolina Oct., 1920 State Normal School Maud Hoyle, Ohio Bonebrake June, 1921 City Hospital, Springfield L. B. Mignerey, Ohio Otterbein ___Dec, 1921 University of Paris- Mrs. L. B. Mignerey, Ohio Denison University -Dec, 1921 WEST AFRICA W J. Shuey, Ohio Ohio Conference Academy Jan., 1855— July, 1855 Daniel Kumler, Pa Jan., 1855— July, 1855 D K Flickinger, Ohio Germantown Jan., 1855 — May, 1857 Seminary Dec, 1861— April, 1862 W. B. Witt, Ind Hartsville College -- Cincinnati, Medical College Dec, 1856— June, 1858 J K. Billheimer, Va Mt. Pleasant Dec, 1856— Feb., 1858 Academy Feb.. 1861— May, 1864 Mrs. J. K. Billheimer, Ohio Otterbein University Feb., 1861— May, 1864 Missionary Directory 151 Name — State Place of Education Term of Service C. O. Wilson, Ohio Sept., 1860— Aug., 1861 O. Hadley, Ind Roanoke Academy__Oct., 1866 — April, 1869 Died a few weeks after return Mrs. O. Hadley, Ind Hartsville College_-Oct., 1866— April, 1869 Oct., 1871— June, 1874 Joseph Gomer, Mich Nov., 1870— Nov., 1875 Nov., 1876— April, 1889 Nov., 1889— died Sept., 1892 Mary Gomer, Ohio Nov., 1870 — Nov., 1875 Nov., 1876— April, 1889 Nov., 1889— May, 1894 J. A. Evans, Mich Michigan Collegiate Oct., 1871— Aug., 1873 Institute April, 1875—1899 Ivlrs. J. A. Evans, Va April, 1875—1899 Peter Warner, Ohio April, 1873— Aug., 1875 Mrs. Peter Warner, Ohio April, 1873— Aug., 1875 Joseph Wolf, Ohio Nov., 1874— March, 1878 Miss L. Bowman, Ontario.Otterbein University Nov., 1876 — Dec, 1877 J. M. Lesher, Pa Lebanon Valley Oct., 1883— July, 1885 College Sept., 1886— May. 1887 Mrs. J. M. Lesher, Pa Lebanon Valley College Oct., 1883— July, 1885 CHINA Austia Patterson, Iowa__Leander Clark Oct., 1889 — May, 1894 (Mrs. H. K. Shumaker) May, 1896— April, 1904 H.K.Shumaker,M.D.OhiouHeidelberg College__Oct., 1897— April, 1904 Starling Medical College Lillian Shaffner, Pa Lebanon Valley Oct., 1889— Oct., 1890 S. Lovinia Halverson, S.D..Leander Clark Nov., 1891 — April, 1897 Iowa State Medical College Regina Bigler, M.D., Ohio-Iowa State Medical Nov., 1892— April, 1900 College April, 1901— Nov., 1908 Aug., 1909— Nov., 1917 Furlough three 3^ears overdue July, 1918 Mrs. E. E. Fix, Ind Leander Clark Oct., 1893— July, 1895 Bonebrake 152 Missionary Dirfxtory Name — State Place of Education Term of Service E. E. Fix, Ind Leander Clark Oct., 1893— July, 1895 Bonebrake E. B. Ward, Ind Leander Clark Dec, 1897— Sept., 1902 Sept., 1904— July, 1910 Oct., 1911— July, 1916 Aug., 1917— May, 1920 Mrs. E. B. Ward, Iowa--_Leander Clark Dec, 1897— Sept., 1902 Sept., 1904— July, 1910 Oct., 1911— July, 1916 Aug., 1917— May, 1920 Dr. Ruth Thompson, Ky._Woman's Medical Oct., 1898 — resigned College of Pa Oct., 1900 O. S. Townsend, Nebr Stanbery Normal Feb., 1902 — resigned Rush Medical Col- Sept., 1902 lege C. E. Spore, Ind General Baptist Sept., 1902— April, 1907 College Aug., 1908— Feb., 1914 Mrs. C. E. Spore, Ind.___York College Sept., 1902— April, 1907 Bonebrake Aug., 1908— April, 1913 E. I. Doty, Iowa Leander Clark Oct., 1903— Nov., 1908 Mrs. E. L Doty, Wis Leander Clark Oct., 1903— Feb., 1908 B. F. Bean, Ind Leander Clark Sept., 1905— May, 1912 Otterbein Mrs. B. F. Bean, Ind Westfield College___Sept., 1905— May, 1912 Univ. of Michigan,- Training School for Nurses Belle Myers, Ohio Toledo Normal Sept., 1905— July, 1911 . Aug., 1912— May, 1918 Aug., 1919— June, 1921 Frank Oldt. M.D., Ohio-.Otterbein Sept., 1905— March, 1912 Ohio Medical Uni- Oct., 1913— May, 1919 versity Aug., 1921 Mrs. Frank Oldt, Ohio_.-Otterbein ?ept., 1906— March, 1912 Oct., 1913— May, 1919 Aug., 1921 Mabel Drury, Ohio Leander Clark Sept., 1910— Feb., 1914 Bonebrake Chicago University _ C. W. Shoop, Pa Lebanon Valley Oct., 1912— July, 1917 Bonebrake Aug., 1918 Mrs. C. W. Shoop, Pa Bonebrake Oct., 1912— July, 1917 Aug., 1918 Missionary Directory 153 Name — State Place of Education Term of Service F. W. Davis, Ohio__ Malone Bible School, Oct., 1912— May, 1918 Cleveland Nyack Missionary Training SchooL- Mrs. F. W. Davis, Ohio— Nyack Missionary Oct., 1912— May, 1918 Training SchooL- May Dick, Ohio Otterbein Sept., 1914— May, 1920 Aug., 1921 Hortense Potts, Ohio Otterbein Sept., 1914— May, 1920 Sept., 1921 C. A. Funk, Pa Philadelphia College Oct., 1916— Aug., 1921 of Pharmacy Nyack Bible Insti- tute Mrs. C. A. Funk, Pa Nyack Bible Insti- Oct., 1916— Aug., 1921 tute Prof. Stanley Kintigh, Mo._Campbell College— Oct., 1916— June, 1921 Kansas City Univ.__ Mrs. Stanley Kintigh, Ill.__Illinois State NormaLOct., 1916— June, 1921 Pearl Bertch, Kan Kansas State Normal Aug., 1919 School ^ Kansas City Univ. — Scarritt Bible School Dr. A. D. Cook Otterbein Transferred from P. I. Western Reserve Oct., 1919 Med. Mrs. A. D. Cook Otterbein Transferred from P. I. Oct., 1919 J. S. Innerst, Pa Lebanon Valley Dec, 1919 Bonebrake Mrs. J. S. Innerst, Pa Lebanon Valley Dec, 1919 Bonebrake Rev. C. E. Burris, Ohio. -Otterbein Oct., 1920 Bonebrake Mrs. C. E. Burris, Ohio-.Otterbein Oct., 1920 Ohio University Bonebrake Miss Esther Schell, Pa._..Lebanon Valley Sept., 1921 • Hahnenan Hospital _ 154 Missionary Dii^fxtory PHILIPPINES Name — State Place of Education Term of Service E. S. Eby, Ind Normal School Feb., 1901— Nov., 1904 Bonebrake Resigned. S. B. Kurtz, Pa '\valon College Feb., 1901— April, 1902 Bonebrake Resigned to enter Y, M. C. A. Dec, 1906— April, 1912 March, 1913— April, 1918 Mrs. S. B. Kurtz, Ind Normal School Dec, 1906— April, 1912 March, 1913— April, 1918 L. O. Burtncr, Va Shenandoah Sept., 1901— Jan., 1904 Institute Bonebrake Mrs. L. O. Burtner, Pa.__Lebanon Valley Sept., 1901— Jan., 1904 PI. W. V/iddoes, Kan Lane University Sept., 1903— March, 1909 Central College June, 1910— May, 1917 June, 1918— April, 1921 Dec, 1921 Mrs. H. W. Widdoes, N.Y Sept., 1903— March, 1909 Tune, 1910— May, 1917 Tune, 1918— April, 1921 Dec, 1921 M. W. Mumma, Ohio Ohio St-.te Oct., 1904— June, 1909 Jan., 1910— Sept., 1914 Mrs. M.W. Mumma, Ohio_Oberlin Oct., 1904— Oct., 1908 Jan., 1910— Sept., 1914 E. J. Pace, Ohio Otterbein Nov., 1905— Sept., 1910 April, 1912— March, 1915 Mrs. E. J. Pace, N.Y Moody Bible Insti- tute Nov., 1905— Sept., 1910 Otterbein Sept., 1912— March, 1915 B. M. Piatt, England Wheaton College___Jan., 1906 — resigned Chicago College of June, 1907 Physicians and Surgeons Mrs. B. M. Piatt, Mass.-_Mt. Holyoke College Jan., 1906— June, 1907 A. B. DeRoos, Holland July, 1906— resigned Oct. 1907 Mrs. A. B. DeRoos, Tex July, 1906— Oct., 1907 Maltilda Weber, Ohio Cincinnati Universityjune, 1910— March, 1915 Chicago Methodist May, 1916— Oct., 1920 Training School — Bonebrake Missionary Directory 155 Name — State Place of Education Term of Service May Cooley, 111 Bonebrake July, 1914— April, 1920 (Mrs. C. C. Witmer) Oct., 1921 C. C. Witmer, Pa Millersville S. N. S._Nov., 1915— April, 1920 Franklin & Marshall June, 1921 University of Chica- go Agnes Drury, Ohio Otterbein Jan., 1918— May, 1919 Univ. of Chicago Ohio State A. D. Cook. Ohio Otterbein Aug., 1918 Western Reserve Transferred to China Medical University.. Oct., 1919 Mrs. A. D. Cook, Ohio—Otterbein Aug., 1918 Transferred to China Oct., 1919 Myrtle Metzger, Ohio Otterbein Aug., 1919 White Bible Train- ing School Wayne S. Edwards, Kan. .Kansas State Univ._Dec., 1919 Yale Theo. School__ E. I. Doty, Iowa Leander Clark Dec, 1919— Dec, 1920 Illness. Mrs. E. I. Doty, Wis Leander Clark Dec, 1919— Dec, 1920 C. E. Rettew, Pa Lebanon Valley Nov., 1920 Bonebrake Mrs. C. E. Rettew, Pa.___Lebanon Valley Nov., 1920 Bonebrake Clara Mann, 111 Nurses' Training Nov., 1920 School Kelco Hospital Harriet Raymond, Canada.Otterbein Nov., 1920 Miami Business College Rev. A. D. Smith, Ind Indiana Central Nov., 1921 Mrs. A. D. Smith, Ind Nov., 1921 JAPAN A. T. Howard, Mich Otterbein Aug., 1898— June, 1904 Bonebrake Nov., 1905— April, 1913 Mrs. A. T. Howard, Ohio.Otterbein Feb., 1899— Oct., 1903 Nov.. 1905— Sept., 1912 156 Missionary Directory Name — State Place of Education Term of Service J. Edgar Knipp, Md John Hopkins' Univ. Aug., 1900— Dec, 1903 Boncbrake Feb., 1915— May, 1920 July, 1921 Mrs. J. E. Knipp, Md Baltimore Aug., 1900— Dec, 1903 Kindergarten Train- Feb., 1915 — May, 1920 ing School July, 1921 Joseph Cosand, Ind Normal School July, 1901 — July, 1908 June, 1909— July, 1915 Jan., 1916— April, 1920 Mrs. Joseph Cosand, Ind._Earlham College July, 1901 — July, 1908 June, 1909— July, 1915 Died Aug., 1915 Monroe Crecelius, Ind General Baptist Col- Sept., 1906 lege Died Dec, 1907 Bonebrake B. F. Shively, Pa Otterbein Nov., 1907— June, 1912 Bonebrake Sept., 1914 ^^ Mrs. B. F. Shively, Ohio.Otterbein Nov., 1907— June, 1912 Sept., 1914 Ellen Moore, Calif July, 1912— April, 1915 Jan., 1916— June, 1918 Warren Hayes, Pa Lebanon Valley Aug., 1916— Sept., 1921 Otterbein Princeton Mrs. W. H. Hayes, Ohio__Otterbein Aug., 1916— Sept., 1921 Floyd Roberts, Ind Otterbein Aug., 1921 PORTO RICO N. H. Huffman, Kan Lane University July, 1899— April, 1902 Bonebrake Aug., 1904— April, 1909 April, 1910— Dec, 1912 Mrs. N. H. Huffman, Kan. Lane University July, 1899— April, 1902 Bonebrake Aug., 1904— April, 1909 April, 1910— Dec, 1912 E. L. Ortt, Ohio Feb., 1900—1901 S. S. Board Mrs. E. L. Ortt, Ohio Feb., 1900—1901 N. E. Clymer, Ohio Xorthv/estern Univ._Oct., 1900— May, 1902 Baltimore College of Physicians and Surgeons Mrs. N. E. Clymer, Ohio. .Northwestern Univ._Oct., 1900— May, 1902 Missionary Directory 157 Name — State Place of Education Term of Service Philo W. Drury, Iowa Leander Clark Aug., 1901— Aug., 1913 Bonebrake Sept., 1914— Aug., 1917 Oct., 1917— April, 1918 Dec, 1918— June, 1921 Sept., 1921 Mrs. P. W. Drury, lU.—Leander Clark Aug., 1901— Aug., 1913 Sept., 1914— June, 1918 Oct., 1917— April, 1918 Dec, 1918— July, 1920 Sept., 1921 Elizabeth Reed, Pa Shippensburg May, 1907— Aug., 1912 State Normal SchooLJan., 1913— May, 1918 Dec, 1918— April, 1921 July, 1921 I. E. Caldwell, Nebr York College May, 1907— April, 1910 Bonebrake Aug., 1910— April, 1914 Nov., 1914— April, 1918 Dec, 1918 Mrs. I. E. Caldwell, Nebr._York College May, 1907— April, 1910 Bonebrake Aug., 1910— April, 1914 Nov., 1914— April, 1918 Dec, 1918 C. I. Mohler, Nebr York College Sept., 1908— Sept., 1911 Bonebrake Dec, 1911— April, 1915 Oct., 1915— May, 1919 Dec, 1919 Mrs. C. I. Mohler, Nebr.._York College Sept., 1908— Sept., 1911 Bonebrake Dec, 1911— April, 1915 Oct., 1915— May, 1919 Dec, 1919 NEW MEXICO Velarde Mellie Perkins, Ind Campbell College— Oct., 1912— May, 1916 Bessie Haffner, 111 Sept., 1913— May, 1916 Irma Moore, 111 Westfield ColIege___Aug., 1915— May, 1916 Leila Luckey, Kan Campbell College Oct., 1916 — Aug., 1918 Emporia Normal Aloody Mary Brawner, 111 Bonebrake Aug., 1915 Anna Hardy, Ind Indiana Central Aug., 1919 Santa Cruz Mellie Perkins Campbell College Transferred from Velarde Aug., 1916— June, 1917 158 Missionary Directory Name — State Place of Education Term of Service Lillian Kendig, Pa Shippensburg Aug., 1916 Normal Bonebrake Susanita Martinez, N.M. -.Allison-James School Aug., 1916 — May, 1917 Mrs. Lillian Markey, Md Sept., 1916— March, 1917 Ruth Smith, Pa Shippensburg Aug., 1918 Normal Wilson College Rev. W. E. Dye, Ind Aug., 1919— May, 1921 Mrs. W. E. Dye, Ind Aug., 1919— May, 1921 Matie Watts, Kan Aug., 1920 Bessie Wilhide, Md Aug., 1920 Maude LeFever, Nebr York College July, 1921 J. R. Overmiller, Kan Campbell College July, 1921 — ■ Mrs. J. R. Overmiller, Kan. Campbell College July, 1921 Bonebrake Alcalde Ella Shanklin, Ind Otterbein June, 1917— Aug., 1919 Aloody Bible Insti- tute Bertha Wohlheiter, Ind.. --Indiana State Aug., 1918 Normal School Otterbein Lulu Clippinger, Pa Lebanon Valley Aug., 1920 DATE DUE l«UALL-f\v= i CAYLORD §,^'878 76.827 1 1012 00047 0064