EX LIBRI5 D0UGLA3 AND fllLORED HORTON ^*,,.-« #to 9*: r. THE ^^ HISTORY O F NEIV-ENGLAND Containing an Impartial Account O P T H E Civil and Ecdejiaflical Affairs Of the C o u N T R Y To the YEAR of our LORD, 1700. To which IS added The Present State of New-EngUnd^ With a New and Accurate Map of the Country. A N D A N 01 V -P E N T> I X, Containing their Prefent Charter, their Ecclefiaftical Difci* pline, and their Municipal-LawSi By Daniel Neal, V o L. IL LONDON', Printed for J. Clark, atthehWAe ij Crown in the Poultry, R. Ford, ^* the Angel in the Poultry, and J<, Crut- TfiNDiiN,^^ the Bible and Three Crowns in Cheapflde,, •3W ncc xx.^ • T H E CONTENTS OF THE Second Volume. Chap. VIII. np HE Colonies addrefs K. Cliarles 11. on his Refioration. X The SnbmiJ}ion of Alexander K i fig of the Wompa.- noagS. Determinations of a Synod about Baptifm of Infants. A Lift pf Silenced Minijhrs^ that fettled in New England after the AH of XJniformity in l66z. The Deaths and CharaBers of the Revd. Mr, John Norton, arid $amuel Newman. The Expedition of the Englifll Tleet againfi the Dutch Settlement^ on HuM'ons River. The Deaths and CharaBers of John Endicott, E/^; and of the Re- verend Mr. John Wilibn, and Mr- Jonathan Mitchel. A Conti- Tiuation of the Sufferings of the Anabaptifts, and a Letter of the Nonconformiji Minijiers in England iBed Witchcrafts of New England- the Circutfjiances of the Ajj.icted Try ah of feveral of the Accufed^ (viz-) of the Reverend Mr Geoigc Burroughs Clak, Bridget Bilhop, and Suianna Martin i the dumber of the C hdemned^ and of thofe that zvere Executed^ ■a;ith their Dying Bebjiviour Several of the Ac- cnfed Make their T.;cape. Indirett Methodf ufed to promote Accufati- ons The P^ecantatton of fome of the ConfeJ}ing If itches j and of the 'Jurors. p 495 Chap. XIII. Sir William Phips recalled Hii Death and Character. The yiar iviih the Indian?; renewed. Pemni.^qnid-Eo''^ taken., and demolijhed. The Bravery of Mr. DunlUn and his Wife. The Death and CharaHer of Simon Bradftrcct, EjV/j The Earl of Bellamont arrives Oovcrnour^ and concludes a Featd rsith the Indians* p $4^ The PiusENT State of NEW ENGLAND, Chapi XIV. A General Defcription of the Country- Of the Clintale, SciL and Produft of it. A Defcription of the Tban, and Harbour of Bolton y ivilh an Account of the moji corfid.rahle Trjins and hiUages in the feveral Counties of Ncw England- Of the Inhabitants^ their A'umbe,-y their Religion^ their Civil Government ^ their Cujhms^ and Manners^ tbeir Trade, and Political interejis. p ^^} In the APPEND! X. Numb- I. The Charter granted by their Majefiies Kirg William and Siueen Mary. p 617 Numb U. Am Abridgment of the Platform of CburchTHfciplinf^ a- greed mpcn by the LLiers and Mejfengen rrf the Churches affemhled in the Synod of Cunbruit^c in Ncw l''rr^land; fo be prefenttd to the Churcbti and General iottrt^ for their Crftderxt'on M,d Acceptance^ in the Tear i6^j8, P 645 Numb. Ill Heads nf Agreement, affented to oy :t:e Lr.ited M:nijiers, formerly called Presbyterian and Cungregathnal p 6^6 Numb IV. An AhriAgment of the Lazos, and Ordinances •/ Ncw England, ro fi'tf 2>jr itto * p 66^ Numb. V. A Lifi of the Council and General Ajfemlly of tht fro- vince vf tht MaflachulCt-J^*/, f»r tht Tear i 7] y. p 710 Ch.viii. Tifef History ^/New-England, jji Chap. VIII. The Colonies addrefs KJng Charles the Second on his Rejioration. The StibmiJJwn of A- lexander I{jng of the Wompanoags.- De* terminations of n Synod about Baptifm of Infants. A Lifl of ftlenc^d Minifiers that fettled in New England after the Aft of Uniformity in ^662, The Deaths and CharaSers of the Reverend Mr, John Norton, and Samuel Newman. The Expedition of the Englifli Fleets againjl tht Dutch Settlements on Hudfon'i" River. The Deaths and Characters of John Endi- cott, Elf^ and of the Reverend Mr. John Wilfon, and Mr, Jonathan Mitchel. A Continuation of the Sufferings of the Ana- baptifts, and a Letter of ^the Non-Confor- mijl Mintjiers in England upon that Head. The Complaints of the Quakers, with the New-England Mtniprs Reply to them. The Deaths and Characters of the Reverend, Mr. Richard Mather, John Davenport, md Mr. Charles Chauncy, Prefident of the College, Harvard-College enlarged. Execution of Pyrates, Death and Character of Thomas Prince, Efq; H E Government of New-EngLmd Avn* fubmitted to a!l the Changes that !^ \s ere in England for the laft l\vcnty ^^ Years ; they owned the Parliament, acquiefced in the Commonwealth, fubmiciied to the Proteaor, and now at lafl, upon tho k JJ2 TA^HisTORY ^/Nlw-England. Ch.viii. j«»« the Reftoration of King Charles the Second, they \^{\ lent over Simon Bra^fh-eet, Efq; Secretary of the MaJJiuhufet Colony, and the Reverend Mr. John NiYtorjy with an Addrefs of Congratulation to his Mnjefly, upon his Acceffion to the Throne of his Anceftors, in which, after ExprefTions of their Loyalty, and Endeavours to juftify their Conduct towards the QHaken, as the Reader has obferved in the lafi: Chapter ; they go on to im- plore his Majefty's Protedion of them in the free Exercife of their Religion. '' We fupplicatc ** your Majcfly (fay they) for your gracious " Protection of us, in the Continuance both of " our Civil and Religious Liberties, according " to the Grantees known End of fuing for the *' Patent conferred upon this Plantation by your *' Royal Father. Our Liberty to walk in the *' Way of the Gofpel, with all good Confcience " according to the Order of the Gofpel, was the " Caufe of our tranfporting ourfclves with our " Wives, our little ones, and our Subftance, " from that plcafant Land, over the Atlantick ** Ocean into the vaft Wildernefs* choofing *' rather the pure Scripture-Worfhip with a " good Confcience in tliis remote Wildernefs, *' than the Pleafures of Eughvid , with *' Submiflion to the Impofitions of the then " fo difpofed, and (o far prevailing Hierarchy, " which we could not do \\ ithout an evil Con- " fcicncc. Wc are not fcciirious, as to the " Interefts of Cr/^/r, nor fchifmatical, as to *' Matters of Religion. We diftinguiih between " Churches and their Impurities. Wc could " not live without the publick Worfliip of God, " nor be permitted the publick Worlhip, with- " out fuch a YoLc o^ Subfcription and Confor- ** mity, as we could not confent unto without •: Sin. That we might thcrcR)re enjoy Divine " W'orfliip \s ithout humane Mixtures, without ** Oiicnge Ch.vili. TheHisTOKY (?/ New-England, jjj " Offence to God, Man, and our own Confci- Anne *^ ences, We with Leave, but not without Jf^ " Tears departed from our Country, Kindred, " and Father's Houfes into this Pat?nos ". Dr. Mather fays, the King received their Addrefs very graciouily, and fent back Letters to the Co- lony^ lignitying, that the ExprefTions of their Loyalty and Affedion to him were very accep- table ; that ^le would confirm their Privileges, and give them all manner of Encouragement and Protedion ; but it^'s plain the Country was not fatisfied with the Condud of their Agents ; whether they flatter'd the Court too much, or promifed more for their Country than they ought is uncertain ; but when Mr. Norton came home about the Month of September, his Friends were fliy oi him, and fome of the People told him to his Face, that he had laid the Foundation of the Ruin of their Liberties, which ftruck him to the Heart, and brought him into fuch a melancholy Habit of Body, as haftned his Death. Old Mdffafoiet being dead, his two Sons Warn- Ann§ futta and Metacomet came to the Court of Pli- ^^^^ mouth, defiring to have Englijh Names given them, whereupon the Court named the elder Brother Alexander, and the younger Philip, But notwithftanding their high Pretenlions of Friend- fhip to the EngliJJ) at this Time, the Court had Information a few Months after, that Ale meander the elder Brother was foliciting the Narrhagan- ftts to make War upon them, whereupon Major General IVinflow was fent to bring him to Plir mouth; the Major ufed fuch Expedition, and Courage in the Affair, that with the AlTiffance of no more than ten men, he furprized Alexander in the midft of a Croud of Attendants at one of his Hunting- Houfes, and clapping a Pifcol to his Breaft, commanded him to furrender on Pain of Death<» and go with him to Pli'nomb ; the Sa- chem 5J4 77;^ Hi STORY ^/New-England. Cli.viif. /„„ chcm feeing no Remedy, was forced to fubmir, 1644 only requeuing tliat he miglit go like a Prince, ^^^ with his Attendants ard Follo\sers, which was granted him : The Major orfcrcd him a Horfe, but his Squjiv and other Indian Wofnen being on Foot, he refufed it. The Governor treated him with great Humanity and Refpc6t, but his great Spirit fwelling with Revenge for the Difgracc he was under, threw hfm into a flow Fever, which in a little Time cod him his Life. H I s Brother Philip fucceeded him, a bold and daring young Man, who thought it his In- tcrcd nevtrthelcls to comply with the Demand? of the Englijh ac prefent, and accordingly made his Appearance at the Court held at Plpfiouthy Augiift the 6th, and earneflly defired the Con- tinuance of that Amity and Friendihip that had been between the Governor of Plimouth * and his dcceafcd Father and Brother, " Promifmg at " the fame Time, for himfelf and his Succcfiln*s, " to remain Subjects to the King of England^ " his Heirs and Succcflbrs, and truly and exactly " to obfcrve and keep inviolable fuch Conditions " as formerly have been by his Predeceflbrs •' made, and particularly that he will not at any " Time necdlefhly or unjuRly provoke or raife *' War with any of the Natives, nor at any '* Time give, fell or difpofe, of any Lands (to ** him or them appertaining) to any Strangers, " or to any \sitiioutour Privity or Apppointment, *^ but will in all Things endeavour to cnrry ** peaceably and inoftcnfively towards the Eng- •* lijh : And the faid Court did then alfo exprefs ** their Willingnefs to continue with him and •' his the abovefaid Friendfliip, and (\\i\ on their •* Part promife, that they would aftbrd them " fuch friendly Afliflancc, by Advice, or othcr- * NcwEngUiid 'Sim. p iCo. " wife Ch.viii. X&^ History . c<\ of eh. viii. Tl)e History of New-England, j J7 Ct che College, and Mr. J Im Duvenprt, who jLnno Vfit ?gnipft the S}nod : Islor coild thf. diuiciies ^^^^ cf N<.w~Englahd agree in their Pradxe, fv me being for receiving tiieir Determinations^ and others For rejecting tiiem ; there were great Divilions and Gontencions in the Cnurch of Efloii upon tliis Head. Tne maj'or Part was for the S)nod5 and proceeded to puis Ecclefiafti- eal Cenfures upon lever: 1 of the adult Cniidren of tiieir Cortiniunicarits tor Scaridais, tho' they were not of the CoiTin^.union : but a confidera- ble Number of the Brethren were diflacistyd with their Proceedings. However Tlrings v ent on prett} quieciy while Mr. l^^ilfotf lived; but up- on his Death, the Majority of the Church invi- ting Mr. Davenport \\ho had \Nrit againfl the Sy- /lod, to f-icceed hi'm, Thirty of the Brethren cntred their Protefl: againft it, and after fdme time withdrew from the Communion, and fet up another Church in the Town," which has iince proved one of the moft flourifhing of the whole Country. Almofl all the Churches of Neijj-England were divided upon this Article;' and I muil eOnfefs for my own parr, that it l6oks but like an odd Afl'ertion ta me. To call a Perfcn a Member of a Church, who' has no Right to any 6t its Privileges, and yet remains expofed to its Cenfures. But \is now agreed, that Perfons of a fcber Life, and Con- verfation, pfolefling their ferious Belief of the Chriftian Faith, and promiiing to walk accord- ing to the Rules' o't it ; tho' they are riot fully fatisfied iii their QLialifications for the Lord's' Table, may be baptized theiufclves and tii6ir Children. In England die' Spirit of the Church fan* very high againft the Presbyterians and Inde- pcndahcs ; the BIHiops" would cpme to no Terms with them, but by an Ai^'of UniforjnQicy which Z took jjS T/;^ History of New-England. Ch.viii. Affno took Place en St. Bartholomew Day, about two Jf^ Thoufand Miniflcrs were turned out of tiieir Btnchccs without the lead Proviiion for them- felvcs or Families : They were afterwards ba- iiilh'd Five Miles cut of every GDrp.^raLion \n EniUindy and feveral at laft died in Prifon, for exerciling their Miniftry m private contrary to Law ; but fome of them being willing to get out of the Storm, removed to Ne-x^England : Among thefe the mod conlldcrable v. ere, 1. The Rev. Mr.Jajnes Auen fettled at Boflon, 2. — yjni Bail) at Water Toicn. 3. — ■ Barnet at Nevj Londvn, ^. . 'James Brown at Si^anz.ey, 5. ' ■ 'T/jo?nas Gilberts ITops field, 6. ' 'Tlmnas Baily at H'ater Town. 7. ' — James Keith at Bridiev^ater, S. Samuel 'Lee at Briji: l. 9. — — — Charles Alorton at Charles Tov))L 10. ■ — Charles Niakt at Salem. II. yoJm Oseabridge at Bfton. 12. Thomas Thirnton at Tarmoutk, 1 3 . Tloomas M^aLey at Bayaftable. 14. William IVoodrop at Lancajler. Who all fpcnt the Remainder of their Lives in the Countr}', except one or two, who came back again at the Revolution. W E might add to thcfc ^ the Learned Dr. John Owen, who had been Dean of Ciirift- Church, and Vice-Chancellour of the Univerdty of Oxford under the Protedorfliip of Cromwell : He was univerfally rcfpectcd as a Gentleman, a Scholar, and a Divine, and was better verfed in Oriental and Jewijh Learning than mofl of his Ch.Viii. T/^e-HisTORY c/New-England, 'J^.9 his Age ; after the Bartholomew-Aci took Place' Anr.* whereby he was filenced with the reit of his i^ Brethren, he was invited to the Chair of Pro- feflor of Divinity in one of the Univcrfitics of HoLandy but retufed it : He was after\<^ards in- vited to be VvcUdcnt.o^ Harv.ird- College in. Nevi- Er/gland) and was fhipping his Effedts for that Country, when he was forbid to leave the Kinjf^- dom, by exprefs Orders from King Charles himfelf One Mrs. Greenfrnith w^as executed this Year for Aces of Witchcraft upon the Body of Anne Cole, a virtuous young Woman, who lived with lier Father at Hertford, and was taken with ftrange Fits, in which fhe exprefs 'd Things , unknown to herfelf at another Time, as, that fuch and fuch Perfons were confulting how to carry on mifchievous Defigns againft her, .&c. feveral Eminent Minifters wrote her Speeches,; and one of the Perfons accufed -being ; this Greenfrnith , who was then in Prifon on Sufpicion of Witchcraft, ftie was brought before the Magiftrates , and having heard: the Minifters Allegations againft her, fhe confefled her Guilt ; that the Devil had appcar'd to her firft in the Shape of a Deer skipping about her, that file had talked with him, tho^ not made A formal Covenant with him, and that the Devil had had carnal Knowledge of her, for which fne Vv^as executed. * Six or feven violent Shocks of an Earthquake ^'"'^ were felt this Year in New-England within the ^^^^ Space of three Days, on 'January 25, 27, and 28, which fpread an univerfal Confternation among the People j but no confiderable Damage en- fucd. out Z 2 o ?^ 540 TA^ History^/ New-England Gh. viii. ji^ O N tlie 5th of April this Year died the Re- i^^j vercnd Mr. Jjlyii Ni^rtcn, one ot the Minifters of ^'^'^ BJioHy ana one of the mcft learned Men of the Country. He \s as born at Storfcrd in Hunford^ Jhire, May 6, i6c6, and cc'.ucated at Pete)'-Houfe; but his Father tailing to Decay before he had H- nid^td his Studies, he was obliged to leave tlie Univcrlity attcr he had taken his Hrft De- gree, and beanie Uflier of the Sciiool, and Cu- raie ct the Churcii of Storfcrd; he was an ad- mired Preacher, but beii'g a Puritan, no Prefcr- rrcnt in the Cnurcii c^. uld be obtained for him, whereupon lie rcibived to remove to Nrx-En^ gland ; he came over in the Year 1(^34, and let- tlcd at Ipfivichy but upon the Dcatn of Mr. Cot- ton in tiie Year 1652, he was called to B(Jion^ and there fpcnt the Remainder of his Life : He was undoubtedly a very good Scholar, as well as a great Divine, as appears by the Works he has pubiiilicd both in Latin and Euglijh. Tlic Magi- llrates of Bi/im had fuch an Opinion of his A- bilities, thai they join'd him in Commilfion with Simon Bradflreet, Efq; to manage their Concerns at the Court of Engl.ind after the Refloration of Kii g Charles^ but upon his Return he grew me- lancholy and difcontented, and at laft died of a Fit of an Apoplexy,- as he was preparing to preach liis weekly Lcdure ; he was certainly a Man of warm PalHons, and of a cholerxk Tem- per; he was at tiie Head of all the Hardfliips the Q^jakcrs furtercd, which made them in their Reprcfcntation to the King, w herein tiicy infert certain remarkable Judgments of God upon their Perfccutors, relate tins among others. ** John '' AVro-tt chief Pried in B-Jlon, by the immediate *' Power of the Lord was fmitten, and as he " was finking down by the Fire-(ide, being un- ** der jufl Ji!d:^mcnr, he confellcd the Hand of •* the Lord was v\\X)n iiim, and To lie dyed. " Tho' Ch.viii. 71&^ History (/New-ENGL AND. J41 Tho' this Rel]e(5tion of the Q_iuJ.ers is very un- ^»^* jufl, it being impoflible for us to diilmguiih be- i^ tween a natural and judicial Death, yet I hear- tily wifh that neither he nor any ^cdy eife by their unchriftian Severities had given them Oc- caiion to make it. Soon after him died the Reverend Mr. S.i- muel Newrnariy Paftcr of a Church at Rehob thy and Author of that Concordante if th/ Bible that bertrs his Name ; he was born at Baubuy in the Year 1600, educated at Oxford; and afterwards ordained a Presbyter of tiic Churcii of Englundy but being a N-.ncoytfrmifl, was forced to remove no lefs than fcven Times, to avoid the Fury of the Bilhops, 'till at lafl he refolved to get out of their Reach. He came ever to Ne^jj- England in the Year 1^38, and fettled firll at PVeytnuuthy and afterwards at Rehobjtb in Plimouth-Cclonyy \vhcre he ended his Days ; he was a Perfon of invincible Patience and Conflancy, and went thro' a great maiiy Straits, when the Antimynian Spirit prevailed in that Colony fo far as to drive away almofl all the regular Miniflers out of the Jiirifdiciion ; he was a hard Student, a lively Preacher, and very charitable to the pQor out .of that little he had. He died with a gr^at deal of Joy and Tranfport in the 613 d Year of his Age. The Colonies of Conne^icut and Njivhaven Avaa being under a great Concern for want of a Char- ^^^"^ ter, without which they were fenlible they had no legal Title to their Land^, prevailed with Jolm JVinthrcpy Efq; Son qf tiic late Governour of the Mdjfiichufets^ to go over to the Court of Ef7gland, to foiicit for fuch an one as might unite both Colonies, and make them one Body corporate, which accordingly he obtained; "'tis faid, that he prcxured the King's Favour, by prcfenting him with a Ring, which King Charks Z I the 542^ T/;^ History (?/ New-England. Ch. viii. jfijMi the Firft 'uad on fomc Occalion or other given U^ iQ \/[r. IVtnthrnp's Granariiiner. Upon his Re- *^ turn to Ntw-E'igLiiid tlie United Cvlonies chofe him annually their Governour as long as he lived, Mr. IVebjie-/- Governour of Coimelikut^ and Mr. Lee, Guvernour of NeiL'haveyi rejgn ng their Charges into his Hands. Tlierc were fomc difaf- iecccd I'erfor-s in each Co.ony that oppofcd the Union at firft, but were foon fatisfied and re- conciled. T Hh War between the Englijh and Dutch breaking out * about this Time, Kmg Charles refolv'd to difj. oiVefs tiie Dutch of their Settle- ments upon Hudfons River- This Pare of the Country was firft difcovercd by Capt.iin HudfoUy an EngllJ) Man, who fold it to the Dutch about the \eur 1608:, but aoing it without the King's Licence it was reckoned invalid ; the Englijh who failed from Holiand to the TVe/I- Indies^ and fettled at P/hmuth^ dcligncd to have taken PolfeiTion of thofe Parts, but the Commander of the Ship being a Dfitch Man, and bribed by fome ot his Counrr}men, landed them furrher to the Korth. The Dutch tool( Pcfleflion of the Coun- try foon attcr, and began a Plantation in the Year 1623, but were driven thence by Sir 6'/?- muel Argal!^ Governour of Virgiuui ^ they then applied to King Jamcsy wiiO being a llothful Prince, p^ave them Leave to build fome Cottages for th'c Convenience of their Ships touching there for freih Water in their PaiVage to and from Brazil: Under this Pretence they built the City of Nrcj Awlhrdarriy in an Klnnd called MJlui.i- toes at the Mouth of Hidfoii's River, and a Fort about 80 Miles up the River, which tiicy called Oratjge-Foyt; from whence they traded with tho * Qkiinlxon'« Bnufti Lmtire in America V&l I j> iij.- Indians Ch.viii. 27;^ History of New-England. J45 Indians over Land as far as Qiiebec. Whether Amm the Englijh or the Dittch had the beifi: Title to ]^ this Part of the Country is of no great Impor- tance now, fince it was taken from them in Time of V/ar, and yielded up by the Peace. 'Tis p'.ain however, that King Charles the Second * looked upon them as Intruders, becaufe on the I2ih of March this Year, he made a Grant of the whole Country called Nova Beigia to his Brother the Duke of Tork, who gave it the Name of New-York, and fent a Squadron of Men of War, ^vitll fome Land- Forces under the Com- mand of Sir Robert Carr to reduce it. Sir 'Ro- bert arrived there m the latter End of the Year 1^64, landed 3000 Men upon Mahanatces-IJlandy and niarched diredly to New-A7nflerdam, the Governour of the Tow n was an oia Soldier that had lofl his Leg in the Service of the States, but being furprized at the unexpected Attack of a formidable Enemy, he was prevailed upon by the Inhabitants to furrender. Thus this Place fell into the Hands of the Englijh ; 'twas hand- fomely built by the Dutch of Brick and Stone cover'd with red and black Tile, and the Land being high, it affords an agreeable Profped at a Diflance. Above half the Dutch Inhabitants re- mained, and took the Oath of Allegiance to the King, the reft had Liberty to rem.ove with their Efteds. Thirteen Days after the Surrender oi Am- fterdam, a Detachment was fent under Colonel Nkholsy to reduce Orange-Fort, which he eafily accomplifhed, and called it New Albany, the Duke of TorliS Scotch Title, and fo the whole Country fell into the Hands of the Englijh. But Sir Robo-t Carre was not only commifli- oncd to reduce the Dutch at Mahanatocs, but he with Col. Richard Nichols, George Cartivright, Efqi and Siamiicl Maverick^ Efq; were commiff^oned to ' ' Z4 call J44 T/v'^HrSTORY^/MEW-ENGLANP. Gh. viii. ^"f call at NjiV E>tglii:idy to hear and detcr.-nlne { ich i!^ Dilicrcnccs as inig.ir be amongft tiie CDionies, \vi:a refpcuc to thcir J irifjfti.ons, which tney ac- coriingly aid, not very much to tiie Sitisfajt.on bt Plimo'uh ; they brougiit witii them likewife his Mujcity's gracious Letter to tiic Governour and Council oi' Nr^ Plimouthy vviiich is as tbl- lows."*" To our Trufly and Wcll-beloved our Govemouc and Council of New-Plimouth greeting. CHARLES R. *' ^^1 ''Rusty and Wcll-bclovcd, wc greet you X " \velli we reed r.ot enlarge upon oar Care of, and Afhaion to that our Plantation *' or Neu: Plimouth, wnen v e give /oj fuch a " Teflimony and Mmifcilation of it, in the *' fending of thefc Gentlemen, Pcrfons well known unto us, and dcfcrving from uas very fevere in putting the Laws in Execution againft them, whereby many honefl People were ruined by Fines, Imprilojiment and Banifliment, which was the more extraordinary, becaufe their Brethren in England were £^roaning under Perfecution from the Church of England, at the fame Time. Sad Complaint^ were fenc A«a ' o\jtr J54 !r/;^HisTORY o/NeW'England. Ch.vlii. Anno over to England every Sumrrier of the Severity ^669 qj" ^[^q Government againfl the Aitabaptijlsy which obliged the Dilicnting Miniflers ot London to ap- pear at length in their Favour. A Letter \vas accbrdingly fent over to the Governcur of the Majfiuhiifas^ iigned by Dr. Goodicin, Dr. Oiuen^ Mr. Nye, Mr. Caryl, and nine other Alinifters, befceching him to mal fo tar ^ from this, that ten Years after, in the Year ■167PJ a general Synod being called to enquire into' the Evils that provoked the Lord to bring his Judgments on New- Engl and. Hiey mention tiide' nrnong the reft. -^ "^ " Men have fet *' up 'their rhrci^iolds by Gcci's Threfliold, and *Vt^:cit''P'cfts by Goo's Poft. Quakers are falfe *^-Worfh'ippers; and fuch Anabiptijis as have *' rifcn' up among us, in Oppolition to the *'■ Churches of the Lor'd Jcfus, receiving into **' th^ir Society thofe that have been for Scandal ** delivered ui'to Satan ,• yea, cwid improving " th'cfe as Adminiftrators cf iioly Things, who ** ha\'e been (as dees appeat) juftly under " ChLirch-Cenfures, do no better than fet up an "Altar .Tpainli: tl;e Lcra's Altar :''AVhereibre it " mirft needs be pro\oKing to God, it thefc ** 7 Iiii^gs be not duly and fully teftitied agair^ft *''ly eXery one in their feveral Capacities re-^ *^ fpcdtively." • . V'tir Aiiabn}4ifls in boih flnglands were (^rtainiy in very low Repute at this Time; their Enemies ii'id nc t ihinK it wortli their while " Mather t^k V. p. %^ to Ch.viii. TheH.STOK^ ^/N£W-EKGtAN,D. J57 to confute tl^n with^i'gumcntsj ,but took a ^^"^"^ lliorcer VV'r.y to niii^Wrn, by r^s uiipitrilcircl a L^ Piece ot Viiilmy as 3fer was h':'ard 6t '^l^^ Pa.n- phlet \Vas'pubiilhcd in the Year i6j3\\er\^iru\^d^ Air. BA^-ihvJ Eaptiz.ed in BIf/od] of, a Jhif'Ji''flory- cf the. unflircileii'd Cruelty of the An-abapti-sts m Np.\y--ENGJ,AisD ; Fdhhj'iiUy reLiti'iii tJje' cruel, h:tr^ barom and I'loody Murther of Mr. |. '6A:ji:i;£lc^, lifhed by his mournFal Brother -^6^iy':?7//> Bd\'tcr, living in Ftnujurch-ft.eetj Loyidon: Tiiis Pamph:et was licensed by Dr. Parker ^ the Arch- Biibop's Ciiapiain,' c.rA cried about Streets by; the Hawkers. The Author reprefents his ^^<:' ther, as Wording xht Anabaptifis h-). a p'-ibh'clr birputation at Bcfion; for which, by \VAycf Revenge, they fent four RafFians in Vfzors }:o his Houfe a little Way out bPTo\Mi, WhoHf-er they had bound his Wife and three Children, firft • whippM, and then fleaM him ahve : Tlie Aii- thor conciudes, J have pubHfh'd this NariH-^tlv^, in ferpetnain 7'ei memoriam^ that the WdrM \i^>if fee the Spirit and I'emper of thofe 'MJ'^ "'■'■. f 'that it may fland as an eternal Memorfal Cruelty aiid' Hatred to all Orcho.l ^'^' :: : ' : ■■.:., V ' '' W H E N^ tHe AnahaftJfls came r this Scory; 'they found it a^ure Piece ol l:'o 'i^-^j> contrived „on Purp(^fe. to fct rh" M^h w.^on diem ; there was no'Ti'^Q Perfd^^^ .• :^s Bezja'Tiin ^^-^rxte^l ci FenchirrW-fi^^ no: was - there any fiich Man as^j/f;:.y j9.^fe''''>^^A^"'.'- *• England-: Tne P.-iiVcng^jri who c hrit Ships after the 'Bate 'ofdie F:.t.L, I'v-iv' v/.u . before the Lgrd Mayor, that they never h'^ar:' at the Fac:t^7^ho' they v:ttQ'!ii^S.flon^r2^p\ it was faid to be comniittedV Tlie pi of it were one aSI^v//' .and Seyr/io:irt^^'\\6 " 'A a*3' ir'oh 358 T/;^' History (?/ New-England. Ch.vili. 4mm* upon Dr. Parker by t'c^Li Lett"s, as himfelf '^^5 owi/d by a publick A^%tifement under his ^'^ Hand ; nay, the King and Council, after an Examination of the wiioie Aftair, did them fo ir.ucii Jufiicc, as to declare in the Guz,ettey that the whole Srory was iahe and fictitious : But to fuch Extravagancies do Men forrecimcs proceed, \vho will fupport their Caufe by other Methods than the Goipel preicribes. The Quakers iikewife made lieavy Complaints about this 1 ime of the ^uRerings of their Friends in Nev:- England^ tho' 'tis certain that none of the Penal Laws had been put iij Execu- tion againft thein fince tiie King's Letter in 1 66 1, except that which relates ro Vagabonds ; nor cun I find any Examples of thofe that futfer'd under that Chara&er, except a few itiner.int Men and Women, who made it their Bulinefs to travel thro' the Country, and alarm the Peoples Minds with Predictions of approaching Judg- ments on the Province. But the Qj^akers in England w ere fo vain, as to expert Relief for their Friends from a Court and Parliament, who were profecuting them at the Hime Time, in common with all others that dilTented from the Eflablifhed Church of England w ith the ut- moft Severities. 'I'hey therefore drew up the Cafe of their Friends, under the Ti^^e of A Short Summary of fome of the S'lferings of the People vf God, called 'Q_U A K E R Sy in New-England, bcth farmer and lattert as re- prcfenrcd in a Broadlide to the King and Parliament, in the Year 1669. Wherein after they had in the moll moving Lan- ?;iinge re\ived tiie Memory of the Hardihips tlieir Friends had furfered, not only trom the Government, but from the Under- OfFicers and Gaolers U69 Ch.viii. Ti&e History t?/ New-England. ?J9 Gaolers under the Proteaorfhip of OHvei- Crom- A wel/i they go on in the fame Strain thus: > — * " A N 5^ "0^^' O ^^^"^^ ^^"^^ ^^'^^ ^'^^^ /"Y ' I^^y ^^^ L^^^ brought thee into " this Land again, and gave unto thee thy Re- " gal Power, have they in thy Name made « ftrange and cruel Havock of thy true Subjeds, *' in putting to Death, and banifhing ; and in « thy Name with many torturing Whippings ot « Old and Young at Polls, and at Wheels of *^ great Guns, and at Carts Tails, dragging the « naked Bodies of Parents and Children thfo^ ^' divers long Towns, thro' the Dirt and Filth ot ^' their Channels and Cart-Ways ; and in thy *' Name commanding one Friend and Brother *^ to help imprifon the other; yea, in thy Name *' they have lately prefsM the Son to help to *' force his tender Father and Mother to GaoU ^' fundry Miles in the E^itremity of Winter-Sea- I"' fon, to the Hazard of their Lives ; and fuch >" as refufed to obey their unnatural and abo- " minable Commands they have fined at their " Courts ; and thus from Court to Court do " thefe Monfters of Men, in thy Name, fine « and break open the Houfes of the QjiakfrSy « and rob them ot their Goods, and take assay " that they ihould eat in, and that they fliould ♦^ drink in, yea, the very Cioaths from their ^' Backs in the Winter, and the Bed they fhould *' lye on, while they keep the Body fundrv .'' Miles off m Prifon, driving Husbands and ^' Wives divers Miles to Prifon, in Times ot '' great Froft and Snow, keeping them clofc '' Prifoners in a very cold Room, to the en- " dangering of their Lives,, and to the Ruin of "-^ * New-England jt^^g^- p. ^78- A a 4 c< their 360 The History of New-England. Ch: viii. ji„„, <' thw'ir Faiviilics, had noc the Lord prcferved ifcrted Worflilps " and VVorfl ippers are both an Abomination to " the Lord. HiCie few Line-, are written not '' from any Dclire ofiflie ItraR Revenge from thy " Hand upon tiieir*, but that thou may eft kn6w " it, and make known thy Difiikc of tlieir Wic- '' kcdnefs, that fo thc'Bcod of the Innocent " there, if pofTiblc," might not be laid to your •' Charge in the terrible Day of the Lord, in '' which both high and low mu ft come to J'jdg- '* ment, and receive according to their Deeds " doix in the Body, in ^^hlch Day the Lord *' \silf rnake krown'in the Sight of all his Ene- " mies, '^his mighty ^*o\vcr for the faving of his " beloved Ones, and'for.the delivering and help- »' in^j; of them, 'N^^Irc liad no Heh^r^ in the '' Ltrch ' .... Onl >vould be apt to think from this i^f- clurathn, ' that th.c Government of Neu:-£.ug' land continued Qi!l to hang xhc Q^'filkrs, or baninV,them upon Pain cf Death , wiiereas no LilUnccs of tiiis . K^'nd' are produced : 'Tis truci "the Gova-nniciit treated -theTl- Ith'xrrants as Vagabonds, and whi\'>p*d them out of the CouiHi-y; but all tlic other. Laws. ogainfLtJiem verc kifpended; and therefore t\yi% DHjarMion "■ -''■■'■ is Gh. viii. T//^ History c?/ New-England. 561 is fo far from being a plain State of the Cafe^^^* that it appears to .me, to be notliing but an art- ;^ fai Additis to liie' Padions of Men, painting out, the iniprifcning of a Man, and whipping him at the Cart\s Tail, in fuch frightful Coio ;rs as might Urike the Reader's Mind with Indigna- tioi^ and Horror ;\ nor do I find the King or ^Parliament took the lead Notice of it. T HEY inveighed likewife againft the Dilfcnt- ingMinifters of Laulon, becaule when they wrote to New- Engl a fid in Favour cf the Anabaptiflsy they made no Mention of their Friends ; but the Reafon of this might be, becaufe Xao. Quakers did not think it worth their v^■hile to apply to them, for we find afierwards, in the Beginning of the Reign of Queen Anne^ w hen fome of the leading Quakers complained to the Diflenting Minifters oi Londan, of fome fevere Laws of a long ftanding oigainfl: their Friends in Nevj-Eng- i'and^ and defired their kind Literpolition to s.kreen them from, the Execution of them, they iLnmediately wrote to Neiv-Enghnd in their Be- half. The Complaint and Rcqueit of the Q^ia- htrs to the Minifters was this, — — that ^-rnriHERE being feveral fevere Laws \^ " m^adc by your Brethren in Nev:- " EnghtMy in the MaJfddmfet-^:iY Province, " againil our Friends die People called Qua- .^^.rkcrs, oniy for their confcientious Diiient " from the National V/ay th.re, if you are " for Liberty of Confcience to thofe that ^Sdiifent frc>m you, and -are willing our '^ Hriends in x'^ev^-Engliwd Hiould enjoy the like '". Liberty of (.^-onfoience there, as you with us '^ do here; 'wi.-'t^q.e Minifters Salary is raifed by Alfeflmcnt, for in Bo/ion^ and fomc T. Trnmi€i fcani'wg In the WiUtrnefst Clup. 10* Other Ch.viii. TheHisromY c/ New-England. 367 other Places, ^cis raifed by a voluntary Contri- Aw bution, and there nothing is demanded of them. ^ But if this Law was univerflil, ^tis no greater a Hardfliip, than they are under from the Na- tional Church of England ; and yet the Gover- nours of New-England have fomething more to fay for themfelves ,• for in a confiderable Part of the Province the original Grants of the Lands were made with this Condition, that there fliould be certain Taxes paid out of them, as a Sort of Quit-Rent, towards the Mainte- nance of the Eftablifhed Miniftry : Now tho' the Quakei's are in Poflellion of fome of thofe Lands, and have raifed Eftates upon them, yet they deny to pay the Qiiit- Rent, becaufe ^tis to fupport a Miniflry they don^t approve of. N o w if this be a true State of the Cafe, I leave the Reader to judge, whether the Quakers had Reafon to raife fuch a Cry of Perfecution againft the New-Englijh Government, or to pre- fer a Supplication to Queen Anne againll them, when they enjoyed the lame Privileges with the reft of their Fellow-Subjects of that Country. The Inhabitants of the Town of Bofion were now grown fo numerous, that the two Meeting- Houfes would not hold them, and therefore in the Month of May this Year, a third Church was gathered out of the firft, and the Reverend Isiiclbacber was ordained Paftor of it the i5th of February following. This Mr. Thacher was both a good Divine, and an excellent Phyfician; and did a great deal of Good in both Capaci- ties ; he was firft Minifter of Weymouth, and from thence removed to the New Church of Bofion, among whom he fpent the reft of his Days; he dyed Oclokr the 13 th, 1678, in the jpth Year of his Age, faid was fucceeded by the Reverend Mr. IVi/lard, fometime Vice-Preiident of Har^ '-jard-Ollege. A j<68 77j^Histor.y (j/'NEw-rENGLAND. ClUyiiu A^„o A LiTTLt before tliG crcaing of this new i his SucceiTors ; he came over to Eagldiui in Cyom-^eirs Time, and was chofen one of the Chaplains in Migd.den- College, (7vo« ; he afterwards went over to Ire- land^^:md was one of the Senior Fellows of Tri- vity Collcc^e \r\ Dublin-, Upon the Uniformity A6t in i66z. Helefcall his Preferments in the Church, and became Pallor of a Dhfenting Con- grcgaricn in DCulm^ where he died i\\ the Year i(57i. Chi viii^ The History of New-England, j^j 1 67 1. He was a good Scholar, and a generous ji„„a fpirited Man. He is the Author of a very 1^70 valuable I'reatife of the Figures and ^Types of the ^^*^ Old Tefia?nent coyijidered and improved^ publilhed by his Brother after his Death. Mr, Niithaniel Mnthe)\ who fuGceeded his Bro- ther in Dubliyiy but about the Time of tne Re-- volution came over to Englandy and was chofen Paftor of a Diifenting Congregation in London^ Avhere he ^^''^ Anm lO^j, in great Efleem among his Brethren for Learning and Piety. Mr. Eleaz.ar Mather of Northarnpton in A/'t'Tu- Englandj who dy'A young ; and Dr. Licreafe Mather, Father of Dr. Cotton M-ither, Author of the Ecclefiaftical Hiftory of Nei^-England. This Year the Reverend Mr. ^John Davenport^ M. A. and B. D. exchanged this Life for a bet-* ter : He was born at Coventry in the Year 1 5.97, and educated at Braz^en Nofe College in Oxford, When he left the Univerfity, he came to London^ and after fome time was chofen Minifler of Cole-* manflreet Partfi within the City, wliere he conti- nued till he began to be obnoxious to his Diocefan for Nonconformity, .and then with the LeavQ- of his Parifhioners he refigned, and went over, to Holland in the Year 1633. He preached oc- cafionally to the Englifi Church at Amflerdant rbr about three Years but not liking the Coun- try, he came back to England in Difguife, andy-*^ 1/ /^embarked with feveral of his Friends and Ac- quaintance for New-England in the Year 16^ j. Having refreflied thcmfelves at BofioUy they tra- velled to the Weflern Parts of the Country, and fetlcd at a Place which they called iV^ii.7;/z-y^« : Here Mr. Davenport continued till the Year 166 j^ bearing his Part in all the Hardfliips of thes new Plantation, and then removed to Bojlon 10 fuccced the Reverend Mr. JVillfuny where he di- ed of a Fit of an Apoplexy, March the- 15th B b 1570, jyo T/^e History t?/N£\v-ENGLAKD. Ch.viii. iu/w 1^70, in the 73d Year ot* his Age. He was a i-i/2;/7-Colitge in CaynbyU^ge^ w here he proceeded Batchellor of Divinity, and was chofen Greek Prcfeflbr. When he iefc the Univeriity, he was chofen fIrO: MiniPcer of MarfloWy and afterwards of Ware, his Miniflry having been blelied in both thofe Places, for the Coiweriion of many Souls ; but refufing to read the Book of Sports, he was fufpended by Bifliop Laud, and lilenced. Mr. Chauncey had been in the High Commilfion Court feveral Years before, according to Mr, RuJIiixiorth, who in his Cotledirions for the Year 1629. gives this Account of him. " Mr. Charles " Chauncey, fays he, Minifter of PVare, ujfing fome '' Expreffions i\\ iiis Sermon, T'hat Iddatry wa^ ^ admitted into the Church , That the Preaching of the " Gofpel would be fupprejfed I 'That there is mucb *' Atheifuiy Popery, Arminianifm aiid Herefy crept '' into the Church : And thefe being looli'd upon to " raife a Fear among the People that fome Al- " tefation of Religion would enfue, he was que- " ftionM in the High CommiiUcn, and by Or- " der of that Court the Caufe was referred to' "' the BiHiop of London, being his Ordinary,^ - " who order'd him to make a SubmilTion in La- " tin. " Which he accordingly did, tho' afier- wards he repented bitterly of it. Dr. Mather qbferves that there were but few that fuiier^'d more for Nmconjlrmity than he, by Fines, bv Goals, by Necefliry to abfcond, and at iaft by an Exile froni his Native Country. He arrived at New-England a few Days before the great Earthquake, w^hich happened January the ift. Bb 2 i(j'38. 572 T//^ History o/ New-England. Gh. viii. Anno 1638. and fettled at Scituate in P/hnouth Colony, i^^i where he continued twelve Years ; but the Epir fcopal Power being deflroy'd in Ertglandy and his People of Muive inviting him to return home, he was come as far as B>Jton in his Way to Englandy when the Curators cf Harvard-QoWLgc^ being ve- ry tinw illing the Country fliould loie fo valuable a Perfon, prefs'd his Acceptarce of the Prefi- dentfliip of the College, m the room of Mr. Dun-- ftar removed for Amifadobaftifm. Mr. Chciuncey at length yielded to their Importunities, and fpent the red of his Days in the Education of the Youth of the Ccunrry. He was an excellent Scholar, and an hard Student, even in his Old Age : It wns his conflnnt Cuftom to rife at Four of the Clock in the Morning Winter ar5d Sum- mer, and having fpent about an Hour in his Clofet he viiited the College Hall, and after a fhort Prayer expounded a Chapter of the Olct Teflament, w hich one of the Students conftrued out of the Hth(r.v, and in the Evening he did the like with one out of the New Teftament. His natural Temper was hally and paffionate, but he endeavoured by Watching and Prayer to cor- rect it as much as poflible. He continued his Labours to the very lafl, even when his Years and Infirmities required a Recefs : When his Friends dcfired him to fpare himifelf, he replied with the Emperor, Op net Lnperatorem flantem mcri. But at laft, on the Day of Commence- ment, in tlie Year 16'] i. finding himfelf almoft worn out, he made a Farewel Oration to the Co'llegc, V herein he took a folemn Leave of his Friends, and on the 2d of February following he died, \n the 82d Year of his Age, after he had lYccn Prcfidcnt of the College almoft Seventeen Years. When he was draw ing towards his End Ntr."LV/i//7 O ikefy who had been praying by his Ijcdfide, deiired him ro ^ivc fomc Sign of his» Afl'urance 167Z. Ch.vlii. T'&^HisTORY^ New-England. J73 Aflurance of entring info Eternal Glory ; upon ^^ which the fpeechlefs Old Man lifted up both his Hands as high towards Heaven as he could, and fo expired. He left behind him lix Sons, all bred up to the Miniftry in Harvard-CoWc^Qy the Elaeft of which was the Reverend Mr. Ifuac Chuuncey, M. D. and late Pallor of a Congrega- tional Church in London. Toward the latter End of this Year died Mr. Richard Bellingham, Governor of the Ma[fa- c/jufet Colony ; He was bred a Lawyer, and was a Gentleman of fevere Principles againft the Anaba^tifts and Quakers^ but of uncorruped In- tegrity, being noted for his perpetual Hatred of a Bribe. He lived ^tiil he was above Eighty Years of Age,- and was fucceeded in his Go- vernment by Mr. John Leverett. Upon the Death of Mr. Chaumey the Curator i chofe Dr. Leonard //[j^r Prefident. This Gentle- man after his Education in i/^ri'^r^-College tra- velled • into England^ and commenced Doctor of Phyfick in the Univerfity of Cambridge ; but be- ing invited to be Paflor of the South Church in Boflony he returned to New-England with a De- lign to fettle wdth them ; but Mr. Chauncey dying juft after his Arrival, Dr. Hoar was thought the fitteft Perfon to fucceed him in the College, which he accordingly did, and gave up his Pretenlions to the Church at B'^flon : But tho' the Dodor was an excellent Scholar, and a good Ghriftian, he wanted the Art of Government, v/hich made the Students fo uneafy under him, as at laft to . defert the College in a Body. Their Corr.plaints being laid betbre fome confiderable Perfons in the Neighbourhood, they gave tncir Opinions in favour oFche Students, and tne Preiidenttell uncer their Difpleafure (o tar as to be oLh>ed to rcfigfi :. his Phce in tae Year 107). the '\jiici ci wWich C L, 3 ' . ihvcw 374 TA^HistoHy ofNbw England. CIi. viii. AttM threw him into a Condi rff^tipn, and in fix AJontli5 1672. put an End to his Lite. I N his Time the Number of Students was fo conlidcrably encreafed, that it was judged neccllary to enlarge the College, the prelenc Buildings not being fufFicient to receive them, and Contributi(.n was accordingly made thro 'out the uholc Colony ior this Work, w hich in the whole amounted to 1895/. is.^d. Eight Hundred cf which was gathered out ot" Boflon. With this Money, and a kw other AiTiilances, a new Col- lege was built, wearing ftill the Name ot die old One, tho' the old One, is now quite demo- lifli'd and dedroy-Yl. Aunt THhRE was a remarkable Execution this Sum- i^7B mer at Boflon of fome Englijh Pirates belonging to a Veflel bound from the Sireights to London % who having entred into a Confpiracy to feize the Ship, took cccafion to quarrel with tiie Mafter and fome of his Officers, and turn'd them out into the Long- Boat with a fm. 11 Qiiantity of Providons, about an hundred Leagues to the VV'edward of the Sfanijh Coall:, and then tack'd about with the bhip for Nrjj- England. The Mafter and hisCompmy in the Long- Boat \\ere forced to drive before tiie Wind, and the Provi- dence of God foorder'd if, that they likewife made rhc Nezv~E,:cLrnd S ore, and arriv'd all I'afc at Biflon, except one Man, who died of the Harulli^'ps that he fullered in the Way. Both the Mafter and his Snip's Crew were furpriz'd to fee er.ch od^ers Eaces again ; but the former making his Applicatioji to tue Government, got them arreiieJ, and the Ringleaders ot them- han|;'d. 'f'he Chief of thele Pirates was one t Torcfty who, ti.o' a bnive and ilout Man, yet ■ -c'l via -^ui r.i'^-^. when Anna 1675 Ch. viii. T)&e History ^/New-England. 375 when he came to dye, utter'd thcfe Words : / have been among drawn Swords, flying Bullets and roaring Cannons^ among fi all which I knew not what Fear meaut ; hut now I have dreadful Appreheujions of the dreadful H^rath of God /> ^he other World which I am going into ; my Sml within me is amazJd at it. ,, In the Spring of this Year died Mr. 'fhomm prince. Governor of Plimouth Colony : He was the greateft Patron of Learning that the Colony ever had, apd took a great deal of Pains to pro- cure Revenues for the fetting up Grammar- Schools in all Parts of the Country : He was fometimes chofen Governor during Mr. Brad- fird's Li(e, but conftantly after his Death a^ long as he liv^d : He was a Man of uncorrupted Ho- iiefty and Integrity, greatly beloved by.his Coun- . try, and univerfally lamented when he /.died, /^vhich was March the 2pth, K573. /abcfuj the * 73d Year of his Age. Chap- ^j6 T/;^HisTORYr5/N£w-E>sX5LAisrD. Gh. ik. H A P. IX. The Rife and Progrefs of the War roith Philip Kj^g of //;^"VVompanoags. He u be- fiegcd in a Swamp, but efcapes. The Nip- muck-Indians joyn him^ and rout the Englilli neciY Quaboag. The Connefti- cut-Indians rife^ and deftroj the Frontier^ Gci^rifons. The Narrhaganfet-Indians break the Peace* The Englifh beftege their Tort, and after a bloody Fight take it by Storm. Philip'/ Stratagem to- engage the Maquas in tin l¥ar^ accidentally dijcover'^d ; which brought that fowerftd Nation fipoH him/elf His Men are difpiritedy and de* fert, Philip bctray'^d, and kilPd. His Character, War with the Eaftcrn-Indlans. The Englifli make a Difjonourabje Peace irith tht?n. The Fidelity of the India^a Converts. The Deaths, -and Characters of fome con(iderah!c Pcrfo^s in Church and Str'.t\ Kj'^g Cliarlcs takes ^a-^^aj their ChajrcT. fi.•^v Engi. \ -.^ hid now enjoyed a proioLindVl rarqiwiiiry for almofl: 40 Vors ; In \vhich Time the EngltJJy perfected "all their Settlements and begin to appear lormidable to their The Natives might eafily have Neic;hlx ur criilli :riillK(J^ti;cm at the Beginning, and ptcfcrved \ I V) to Ch.ix. r/6^ History of N^w-England. 577 tb tiiemfelves the Sovereignty of their own Coun- Annm try, but they were a difconcerted Bcdy; and JfTJ the ErsgliJI) were fo wife as to play them one ^^ againfl the other. The Pequcts hrfl: declared War with the Nanhr.ganfets ; thefe to be re- venged of their Enemies, made an Alliance with the B-ngliJh to defiroy their own Countrymen, /till at lail: both were fwallowed up by the Con- queror : The Narrhaganfets preferved themfelves the longed, by their Adherence to the Englijh^ who frequently afTifled them againfl their Ene- mies; but at the fame Time kept them fo much in A\\ e, as to oblige them, upon any Caufe of Complaint againft the Englijhy to repair to the QovernotiYy and endeavour to com^pofe Matters in an amicable Way, before they pretended to do themfelves Juflice by any open Ads of Hor ftility. T'he Indians began to fee their Error w hen it was too late, for no fingle Nation of them wa$ now a Match fcr the Englijhy nor could they make Alliances with one anoth^^ without being difcovered by the Miirionaries,r:;V ;-;-,'i /.. i>{j*iui But notwithftanding all this, Philif King of the WompamagSy a Nation bordering on the County of Plimoinh, a bold and daring Prince, having a mortal Hatred to the E/igliJhy and fear- ing to be brought under, their Yoke, refolved to oppofe their growing Po^w^er ; for this End, he invited as many of the Subjects of other India'a Princes as were willing to come to him, and gave them Arms. He fent a fecret EmbalTy to riie NcirrhagahfetSy to offer them an Oifcnlive and Defenfive Alliance j but they as well as the other Indian Nations WTre afraid to declare openly for. him^ 'till they faw the Succefs of his Arms. I N the ^lean Time /'/;/7//''s Preparations were. difco^'ere<.bto ,the Englifi by Jolra Saufamany the Sen of an /;7fifV/7« Convert, ;Vih9 had been.edu-: catCjd in the Chriftian Faith, but when-itji.e c^W "* to 57? T/;^ History o/New-England. Ch. ix, Amh9 to judge for himfelF, returned to the Religion IfT^ ot his Ancedors, and became Secretary to Phi- ^^ lip. After fome Time he deibrted his Mafter, and returning to the Englijh he changed his Re- ligion again, and gave fuch Signs of Sincerity, that he was admitted to the Qjinmunion in one of the Indian Churches, and commifTioned to be a Preacher and Miffionaryi for the Converfion of his Countrymen to Chriftianity : As this Saufaman was traveUing up and down the Coun- try upon his Miflionary Work, he got Informa- tion of Philip's De/igns, and went immediately to the Governor of Plimoinhy and made a full Dixovery of them. Philip was quickly informed both of the Treafon and Traytor, and took fuch Meafures upon it as quickly coft the poor Man liis Life ; for, as he was travelling the Coun- try alone, in the Winter-time, two or three of Philip's Men lay in AmbuHi for him, and mur- dered him, as \\q was going over a Pond, and to coTiCcal the Fa^i, cut a Hole m the Ice, and thruft his Body into it, leaving his Hat and Gun on the Out-fide, that the World might think he hag the Ex- -J peri- Ch IX. T/j^HistORY of New-England. J79 periment feveral Times, it always bled afrefh ; Mnp but the Juftice ot Peace did not think lit to \^ commit nim upon this Evidence, 'till one Pa^ tuckjln an Indian came in and f\\orc, that he faw him with iiis Son, and another Indian cal- led Mdttajhimamy kill Sm^faman-, upon this they were all tiirce apprehended, and atter a fair Trial tor their Lives by i Jury, coiJifting half of Eyigltjh, and half of Indiam^ were found guilty ; and tho' they denied the Fa^ upon the Ladder, >et the laft of them happening to break ©r ilip the Rope, ccnfelied before he was turned oti the fecond 1 imc, that the other two Indiam who had futfered, did really murder Saufaman^. but himfelf was only a Spedacor of it. * ^ Philifs Refentmtnts boiled in his Breaft at thefe Proceedings of the EngJifi', for tho' he did not immediately break with them, yet he allow- ed his People to gather together in a tumuK tuous Manner, and infult them as they were at Work in the Field, and when Complainr was made of the Diforders of his People, and Mcflcngers fent to delire him to prevent the like for the future j he received them with Dif- dain, and fent tb.em home with a furly Anfwer. Things cor.tinucd in this uncertain Pofture 'till the Month of Jiine^ w^hen fome of Philifs Men riHed feveral Houfes in the Plantation near' Mouvt Hopey the Place oi' Philip's chief Refi-' dcncQ ; upon which one of the Englijh fired his Gun^ and wounded an Indian. The Governour of Pli'mouth hearing of thefe Diforders, fent our a Party of Men for the Defence of thofe Parts, and proclaimed a Faft to be obferved through- out the whole Colony on the 24th of June ; but * Hubbart'i Xauativc of the Tranbhs with th$ Indians, p' iS, as 58o TA^ History (?/New-England. Ch.ix. A)w as the Inhabitants of Swanz^y were going home l^ from their Prayers, a Farcy of Indians tnat lay in Ambufcade, fired upon them out of the Woods, killed one of their Company, and wounded another j the frighted People imme- diately difpatched two Men for a Surgeon, but as tiicy were haftning to the Town the Melfen- gers were intercepted by another Party of Indi- ans^ and killed; the fame Night the Indians cntred the Town of Swanz,y, killed fix Men, and then retired into the Woods. The War being thus begun, the Governour of Plimouth fent Advice of it to the M^iffachu- fetSy a,nd the other United Colonies, demanding their Affiflance, according to the Articles of Union between them : The Maffachufet-Odony difpatched away * Capt. 'Thomoi Prentice with* a Troop of Horfe, and Capt. Daniel Henchman: with a Company of Foot who were followed by a Company of Volunteers under the Command of Capt. SamuelNLfely. They joyned the Plimouth Forces under Capt. Oidworth at Sujanz^Yy on the 2^th oi June ; and that very Evening a Party" of twelve Men were fent toward Mount Hope to look out the Enemy, who after they have made one Difcharge at them from behind the Buflies, whereby they killed one of the English, and wounded another, took to their Heels, and Red out of Sight. Next Morning the whole Army marched towards the Head-Qiiarters of the Enemy, and ofiered them Batcie, but as fooii as they had received one of our Fires, they a- bandoPiCd their whole Territory to our Jufl: Re- venge. 'I'hc Army immediately took Polfcirion of ALunt Hopey and ravaged the adjacent Coun-. . try i in their March thev found the mangled • nil p. 17. Car- Ch.ix. The History of New-Englakd. 581 Carcailes of fome of their Countrymen, whofe An»»i Heads were ftuck upon Poles, Bibles torn in J^7f Pieces, empty Wigwams^ or Cottages, and in a "^ Word, all the Marks of a hafty Retreat; they purfued the Enemy feveral Days together, and skirmifhcd with them in the Woods till they cleared that Part of the Country pretty vveli of them. , ). .,;., We have already obferved, %\\^t Philip had been tampering with the NarrhaganfetSy and the Englijh w ere very jealous of thenty for tho* they ^ ' had not appeared openly in Arms ; yet they had fecretly encouraged Philip in his Deligns, and by their unufual Carriage towards the Englijh at this Time gave Ground to believe, that they waited but a convenient Opportunity to de- clare themfelves : AH the Majfachufet-V or cts therefore were ordered to march over into their Country* not to commit any A.(5ts of Hofiility, but to demand peremptorily their renouncing all Alliances with Philip^ and their entring into an ofteniive and defen/ive Alliance with the Englijh ; this wife Piece of Conduft frightned the Sachems of the Narrhaganfets into a thorough Submiifion for the prefent, infomuch that on the I5ch of July they figned and fealed Articles of Peace, wherein they promifed, not only to forbear all Ads of Hofiility againft the Englijh, but to afTifl them to their uttermoft in deftroy- ing Philip and his Adherents, to feize and deli- ver up all the Subjeds of Philip that fliould come into their Territories, and to reftore all llollen Goods ; for the Performance of which rhey delivered up fome of the Sachems near Kinfmen for Hoifages. The Englijh to encou- rage them in the Profecution of the War, pro- mifed them twenty good Coats for Philip'^ Head, and for every one of his Subjcds that they (liould deliver up to the Englijh alive two Coats, ^22 TheHiSTOKY of 1^e\W'Ekgl\^ D. Ch.xx.-' -^""^ Coats, and dend one Coat ,- thefe Articles were i^ ligncd by fcven Englijh and tour Lidiuns in the Name ot Gamnkmy and five other Sachems of the Ncirrhagayjftt Country. W H 1 L fc there. I'hings were doing, Captain Cudworth with the Plimouth Forces was fent to* fecure t!ie Pccajfet- Indians^ but when he came into their Country he tound them in Arms ; Capt. FuhW and Capr. Churc^j with two fmall Detachments had been fcouring the Woods, but were overpowered by an Army of Lidiizns twenty Times fuperior in Number to themfclves : Ful- ler and his Men lied to a Httle Hoiife by the VVatcr-iide, which they made a fhift to defend till a Sloop from Rhode- Jfland fetched them off; Capt. Church with fifteen Men was flirrounded in a Peafc-field by two hundred of the Enemy, where notwithflanding the IncquaHty of Num- bers he fought with invincible Refolution and Bravery for a great while ; at lafl he got to the Water-iide, and defended himfelf behind a Bar- iricado of Scones till he was brought off in a Sloop to Rhode-lfland without the Lofs of one of his Men : When he had refrefhed iiis Men a few Days in the Ifland he pafled over again to' the Continent, and borrowing three Files of Men from* the Afajfaihiefet-F oi'ccs he engaged the Pocajfet' Indians againy and flew fourteen or fifteen of them upon the Spot, which ftruck fuch a Terrour into the reft that they fled into the Woods, and appeared no m.ore in a Body in the open Countp;. The Detachments that were fent againfl the' Pccafftts joynM tiie Army again as Toon as the Treaty w irh the Narrhaganfets was tinilh'd, and Information being given at the fame Time by lomc Dofcrtcrs that Philip a^d his Men were ixi a certain Swamp upon P ocajf it -^cok, about i^ Miles diftant. it was determined in a Council ot War Ch.ix. T/?^ History (?/ New-England. 3?^ War to bedege him in it. The Army broke up Anttg immediately from Taunton July the i8th, and J^ march'd diredly to the Place. The Soldiers bravely cntred the Thicket, but the Enemy was prepared to receive them^ for no fooner were they entred a few Paces but the Indians fir'd upori them from behind the Buflies, and at one Dif- charge kill'd five of the Englijhy and mortally wounded lix? or feven more. They then deferted their Wigwams and retired deeper into the Swamp, the Englijh likewife retreated out of Danger, finding it impolTiljle to attack them in the Swamp without hazarding the Lofs of the whole Army ; it was refoived therefore to re- duce them by a Blockade, and accordingly two liundrcd Men were pofted at the feveral Ave- nues of t!ie Thicket, and the reft of the Forces fcnt away to the Relief of Mendham, where the Nif muck- Indians were making terrible Spoil and Havock ; Philip himfelf was in the Thicket,^ and mud: have furrendered n the Englijh durft have ventured in to attack him, but they werd willing to fpare the Lives of their Men, not doubting but they fiiould have him when his Provifions. were fpent. Philip indeed was ivi great Perplexity, but being made defperate, he tormed a Stratagem, whereby he and fome of his beft fighting Men gave his Enemies the Slip; there was a large River which ran by the Side o^ the Thicker, which a Party of Englijh pofted on the other Side were to ob- ferve, but Philip imA his Men having cut down fome Rafts of Timber out of the Woods, took the Advantage of a low Tide, and in the dead of the Night fwam crofs the River upon them without being obferved, and efcaped into the Nipimick Country : About one hundred poor Wretches that were left behind came out the next Day, and furrendred at Difcretion. But the Englijh 384 ^^^^ History of New-Englakd. Ch. ix; J^nnQ Eiiglijh knew nothing or Philip's Efcapc 'till the l^ Morning, \\h(?n a Party was feut out atcer him, ' who by tlie Diredion of the Monkegin- Indians purfiicd him till Night, but could not come up with hiin, only they ilcw about- thirty of his Men, who being fatigued with their laft Night's Expedition \scrc dropp'd by the Way. The Seat ot the War was now carried into the Nipnmck Country, who inhabited the Inland Parts between the Sca-Ck)aft and Gj/i- neciicut-K'nxTy within the Juriidiction of the MaJfac/mJet-Colony. The Nipmuck- Indians had killed four or rive of the Inhabitants of Mend- ham, July 14, which was tiie Hrft A6t o( Hofti- lity within tiie Mujfack^fet-Fatcnt ; Capt. Hnt- chin/on and Capt. JVheeler were fent hereupon to prevent further Mifchief, and invite the Na- tives to a Treaty. They feemed at ^xit incli- nable to Peace, and fixed a Time for ligning it; but Philip and his Men coming into thefe Parts before - hand fpiritcd them up to a general Revolt, infomuch that none of them came to the Place of Treaty ; but when Capt. Hutch infon with a fmall Party rid up into the Country to fee if he could learn the Mean- ing of it, they difcharged a Volley of Shot upon him from an Ambufcade, whereby the Captain himfelf was mortally wounded, and eight of his Men fliot dead upon the Spot ; the reft fled back to Quaboag, or Brookfi^Id. a little Village about 6t.c;;y^tA/-Piaiiiation in Allies, and forced the Inhabitants to fliut tliemfeives up within the Fortihcaiion of a poor Work which they had railed tor their Dekncc : Two or three Days after they llew eigat Men in the Woods at 'Squakbeagy without atLemptii':g the Town ; upon which Capt. Beers Nsith 36 Men was fent to fetch ott that, and f^jine other Frontier Gar- rifons, but he was intercepted by a large Troop of Savages, and himfelf \sith 20 of his Men cut in Pieces afcer they had fought to the lad, with the utmoit Rcfolution and Bravery ; the reft efcapcd to Hadly, the barbarous Savages having cut eft' the Htads of the fiainj ftuck fome ot them on Poles by the High-\say, and hung up others by the Jaws on Bougiis of Trees. Major Threat \n ith a larger Body of Men being fent a few Da) s after to perform \\ hat Capt. Beers had undertaken w as entertained with this melancholy Sight m his March. But tho' the Inhabitants of thefe Plantati- ons were brought oft, their Retreat was fo fud- dcn that they could not cirry their Harveft along with them, Capt. Latbrup tlierefore with about 80 Men went w ith Cnrts to fetch oft' the Corn that lay threllied in DLeifield\ but on September the 1 8th they were lurrounded by a Body of 800 Lidians ; the Captain thinking lie fliould fucct:ed belt by hghting after the Manner ot the Savages, flieltrir.g his Men behir.d Trees, ex- pofed them to inevitable Ruin, for the Indians being good Marks-men Ihot them down one af- ter another; whereas if he had kept his Men together in a Body they might have bro]:e thro" to fome of tlie ]ieighl)0uring Garrifons; but thl-^ fatal Mifiake oi the Captain's coft him not onlv hi-: Ch.ix. 277^ HiSTORV ^/New-ExNIgland. 387 his own Life, but the Lives of above 70 of his ^»f^ Followers, the Flower of the County of EJJex, ^ ^• and as brave young Men as ever drew a Sword; this was the greareil Lofs that ever befell the New-Eiigiand Chriltians till that I'iinc. Capt. Alufely hearing the Noifc of the Fire hailned to j*elieve Lcithrop^ but came too late ; however he charged thro' and thro' the Barbarians five or iix Tnr.es, and with a Handfjl 01" Men kil- led above 100 of them, loiing no more than two of his o\s n, and kept tlie Field till he had buried the (Tain. The hidians encouraged Witli this Success fell upon Springfield (the Hoftages wiiich they had given for their preferving the Peace, having firft made their Efcape) and burned 32 Houfes, amongd: which was Mr. Glove/s the Minifter's w-ith his well-furnifh*d Library ; they had infal- libly maffacred ail the Inhabitants if an honeft Indian called T'oto had not difcover'd their De- {ign jull Time enough for them to retire into, the fortified Parts of the Town, where they made a {{rSt to defend themfelves . till Major. T'reaty ^lajor Pincbon, and Capt. Appkl/y came in with their Forces, and put a Srop to the Fury of the infulring Enemy. I T was now Time for the Council of N-v:- England to confider of the State of the War, and enter upon fuch Meafures, as by the Blef- ling of God might put a fpeedy End to .it ; they appointed therefore a Committee of Mini- fters and Gentlemen to enquire into the cry- ing Sins of the Land, and draw up a Scheme for the Reformation of . Maniiers ; the Magi- flrates in ,the mean Time qrdered all their Forces iii the Cmnellicut'Colcny to rendezvous aboift Hadly^ Northampton and H.itfidd, for the Security of thofe Places ; of which the Indians hanng no Notice, 800 of therr^" breaking in^ C c 2 ur»oift 388 T/'f History ^/ New-Englakd. Ch.ix. Anoo upon Hatfield^ OJJouer the iprh, met with fuch \^ a warrn Reception, that they were not only beat out ot- the Tow n, but puHud into the Ri- ver, where a great many ot tiiem loft their Lives. 'I'his refolute Repulfe gave fuch a Check to the Eiiemies Courage, that they ap- peared no more in a Body in the Wellern Plan- tations for a conliderable Time, but as the Win- ter came on they took Shelrcr am.org the Nnr- hagaafcts^ wfiO v. ere io far Irom delivering them up to the Eiiglij/jy as they were bound to do by their late J'reaty, that they received them witli open Arms, and gave them the belt Entertain- ment they were capable of This Conduct oi^ tlie NarrJ?a^anJ'^t-Indiaiis was voted by the Co mmi-fli oners of the United Colonies at Boftvn a Bre.ich of the Pe ice i and certain Information being gi\en, that they in- tended to be'j;in a War in the Spring, the Com- miihontrs refolved to be beforchrjui with them, and accordingly ordered J fiuh Pt^inflrrc: Gover- nour of Plimuiith-Colony w ith a thoufand Men, 527 of which were the AI.iJf^ichufit-FoYCQ^^ the reft Plimoutb and Conne'ciiat, to march immedi- ately into their Country, and dcftroy it with Fire and Sword. * Dcceml'er the 12th the General pafs'd over Patuxet-Kixcv with the Plim^uth and Maffachufit- Forces, and took 56 Prifoners, am.ong whom was one Pcter^ w ho having received fome Dif- guil: from his Countrymen lifted himfelf among tlic Etipjijh^ and undertook to be tiieir Guide : Detember the 14th they burnt ijo Wigwams, killed {\:\cn of the Enemy, and took eight Pri- foners : On the 16th C:ipt. Prentice w ith his Troop being fcnt to Pctej:{i:??tfoty brought back * llubbarJ. f.V News, Ch.ix Th^ History ^/ New-En^^land. 589 "News, that the Enemy had burnt Jerry Bull's Anns Garrifon-Houle, kiUecl ten Men, and tive VVo- l^ men and Children ; the fame Day the Cvnneili-^ cut-VoxcQs jo)n'd the Army to the Number ot 300 Englijh^ and 150 Mohegin- Indians : Discern- kr tlie iScn they marched 16 Miies up into the Country to a Fort which the Lidiam had raifed upon an Illand of about hvc or fix Acres in the midft of an horrid Swamp, and torcify'd with Paliladoes, and a WaiKof about a Rod thick ; * the Entrance into the Fort was over a long Tree laid a-crofs the Water, over which but 'one Man could pafs at a Tune: It was thougnt impraaicabie to attack the Fort at this narrow PalVage, but they could find no other, till Peter who was acquainted with all the Avenues fliewed them a large Breach, \\hich was only filled up with long l>ees j:o the Height of four or five Foot from the Ground, and here the Enemy ha^l built a i^M- Houfe which commanded the Breach, trom whence they could pour in Vollies cf Shot upon {uch as ihouid venture to mount it : Hov^evcr the Englijh found they muft ftorm the Fort in this Place, or not at ail, and having agreed upon it in a Council ot \Var, the Army was marlhali'd in tne following Order ; Capt. Mofily and Cape. Davenport led up the Van of the MaU'dchufet-Vovccs, Capt. Gardner and Capt. J hnfon were in the Centre, Major Appleim and Capr. Oll-uer brougiu up the Rear. General IVinflow with the Plhno7ith-Voxct9> marched in the Centre, and Major Treat, the Cnptains Si- el/v. Gallop, Mafn, TVuttSy and MnyZ).<'// with tne Conneclicut-Forc^s brougnt up tae Rear ot the whole Body. They cntrcd the Swamp, or * Hubbard, ^ 52. . C c 3 ThicL'CC J90 T/;^HisTORY (^Z" New-England. Ch.ix. Anvo Thicket about one a-Ciock, and preflld for- t^7^ ward to the Breach which they mounted with great Brnvery and Rcfolutirn, receiving the Fire ot the Ei.emy Frc m the Block-Houfe all the %vhiiti i\\ vaiiani Captains dyed in the Breach, namei}', Davenport, Gurdncr^ johnfun^ Galicp^ Si- eliy and Murjbal , Lut the Fail ot thefe Men fcrved only to enrage tlie Soldiers, who leap'd boldly ovtr tiie 1 recs into that Spot of Ground where Death with all its Tenors was to be faced ; they beat the Enemy from one covered Way to another till they had driven them out of ail their Fences, r-nd made them iiy into a vnfl Cedar Swamp at fome Didance ort"; after wiiich they fet li're to the Fort, and leveirj the F'crtifications ; 700 fighting Indians periflied in this Adion, among whom w as above twenty of their chiet Captains, bcfidcs ;oo w ijich d}ed of their Wounds, and a vafl Number of old Men, Women and Children, who had crouded into the Fort, as thinking it impregnable; and it niull: be allowed to ha\e been the beR For- tification the liidiu'tis \\'ere ever Maflers of, and the Lofs of it gave them fuch a terrible Blow, as they wcxq never able to recover; the Eng- liJI) loll: in ' this Gallant Adion fix Captains, and 85 Soldiers, beiides 150 wounded : As foon as the Acrion was over, w hich was a little bctore Night, the General rallied all his Forces together witiiout Lcfs ot 'I'im.e, and ha\ing taken Care ot i)is wounded Men, he marciied back his whole Army in a froily Night 16 Miles to their Head-Qtiarters ; where they re- in ilud themfelves for fome Days, and then went into Winrer-C^ir.rters. 'l'nF Winter was fpent in iruitlefs Treaties about a Pei^cc which came to notlnVg, the Eng- lijh in the \rx:in Time fc^aired the Woods as \sell as tl.cy cculd, but t\\Q Indians who were fwift Ch.ix, r/^^ History ^/Nlw-England. J91 fwifc of Foot, and capable ot enduring tlie A»no Hardlhips of a Winter-Campaign, did a gr^at 1^ deal or Mifciiief * to the Froniicr-'i own.s, in in tiie frofty Weather ; efpecially after they had received Recruits from the Remb at Omada ; for tho' the two Kings of Euglaad and Fyu,:ce were at Peace, yet tiiC Govcrnour of Canada thought it for his M^fter's Intereft to fupport the Indians againft tiie Engl/jlj, in Oracr to prevent their growing too powerful, even with the Breach of the publick Faith. With thefe Re- cruits they burnt the Town of Alendham, and laid it in AHies after the Inhabitants had de- ferted it. January the 27th they carried off 200 Sheep, 50 Head of Neat Cattle, and 15 Horfes from Mr. Carpenter s Farm. On February the loth they plundered the Town or Lane after y - burned feveral Houfes, killed and carried into Captivity 42 Perfons, among whom was the Miniller Mr. Roland/on s Wife and Children, who was then at B:fton folicicing Succours but upon his Return t-ound his Houfe and Library in Aflies, and which was w^orfe, all his Family carried into Slavery by the Barbarians^ wiio had been compelled to quit the Place fome Days before by Capt. IVadf-vcorth : From hence they went to Marlborough^ Sudbury and Chelmsfordy and did all the M^fchief that their hafly March would allow. February the 21O:, 2 or 300 of them furprized Medfield, about 20 Miles from Eft n, burnt half the Town, and killed 20 of the Inhabitants; the like Damage they did to IVey mouth : In the Beginning of March they burnt the whole Town of Grotrn to the Ground, and called out infolently to the Enghjh \n the j^ Garrifon, What will you do jor an Hufe to * Ihid. PAJ. C c 4 pray J92 T/'^HlSTORY C?/NhW-ENGLAND. Cll. iX. Auno py^y i'^, fiozv "u^e b^ive burnt yo:tr Aleeting Hou'e ? ^75 Manh ihc i4ch they broke throu^^a tiic Palli- luiocs wli.cn were n.ade tor the JXtence of Nvrtha?ytj;t ,iy burn'd five Houies, and killed five Perions, but were prevented Irom doing tirthcr Mifchiet by the icafonablc Arrival ot Major *Th(.mas Sdvage^ with a ftrong Party ot Efiglijh uiuler his Command. Upon this the Enemy left this Pnrt of the Cuuntry for the prefent, and crols'd oxer into the O>lony of Plimouthy vhere the Scar cf the War was yt Hrft : Here the) furpriztd Part ci the Tovii of Plim uth it- felt, ana inurdered t\\o Families in ttic Night; On the 17th of March they laid the whole Town of M'mivick in Aflie.s, except cne Houfe, and ti";tn retired into trie MA:ods. T ti E .s E Exc'jrhons of the Enemy alarm'd the wliole Co/rjjy, fo that they ordered out Capt. Pierce immediately with 50 Ei^ghJ) and 20 Chriflian Lidians to purfuc tlie Incendiaries ; but on the 26th of March he tell into an Am- bu{c:^de, at which tiie LididHi are very dex- trous i and after a bloody Fight wherein he killed 14-:) ot tiie Enemy, being overpowered widi Nin^bers, hin.feif and his v/hole Army V ere c it cxU except or,e Efig'ijhman and twelve lidi.vis. The fame Day another Party c't Sa-^ vages laid tlie Town oi Al.rrib nagh in Allies ; on the 28th tiify burnt 40 Moiifes at Rehtb;th, and tiie next J3:iy about 30 more at Prcvidetice^ for ti.c Inluibitanis ofthefe T.Avns not bemg ttronff enough to refifl the Fury of tiic Enemy, rct.red into tiic.'r Garr.'fons, and fo left their H^ifjs cpcn to tlicir Inlults. I'l the Beginning c.i A- fril the} committed terriL>'.e Cruelvies at Chelrns- ford and Aiulozcr; and tho' 140 of t'lc In.iabi- t:-:n.s of Sidl; ry fallied out upon them, and Kil- led 30 cut of 500 in o. e N.'ghr, yet upon the i8tii 01 this Month t.icy nn-v.ed rh-:ir Attack uron Ch/iK. r/;^ History of N£\v-ENGLANDa 395 upon the Place, burnt fevcral Houfes, and cut Ann9 oit 12 Men who were coining from Cencord to J^ their Afliilance : The Captains Wadfworth and Briittkbank hearing cf thefe Murders and De- vaftations, n^ade a long March with 70 Men for their Relief, but the Indians having Notice of it, furroundcd them in the Woods with joo Men, and after an obflinate Fight wherein they loft 120 Men, killed the Cnptains, and 50 of their Men on the Spot, and took live or fix Pri- f(.ners whom they put to Death with moft ex- quifite Torments, ^making them firft run the Gantlet, after which they threw hot Afhes upon them, and cutting cut Pieces cf their Fiefh, put hre into their Wounds, and roafted them alive. Thus the Indians continued prcfperous during the w^hele Winter, wherein the Cold was fo ex- trcarr, that the Englijh durft hardly look out of their Quarters; many Days of Fafting and Prayer were kept both in New and Old England by the Diflcnters for their diftrelfed Brethren ; and as the Spring advanced it pleafed Almighty - Gcd to give a remarkable Turn to their Affairs. The hrlt Blow that was given them was by Ccipt. Demiifcn, who at the Head of 66 Englijhy and about 100 Confederate- /W/<7w.f took and fiCw 76 cf the Enemy in the Month of AfriU amxrg whom was fome of their chief Princes ; ai:d about the fame Time a Party o'i CcnneEiicut Soldiers tock and flew 44 of the Enemy without any Lcfs ; Airong tl:e Prifoners was Canonchet Sen cf Miautonimo firfl: Sachem cf the Narrha- ganfers, and Her cf all his Father's Pride; he came to Ei««» Head againft the Englijh. lliey purfued them i^ thro' the Woods^ beat up their Qtiarters continu- ally, and carried aw ay their Wives and Children intoGiptivity which brolve theirCouragCjand made many of Philip's own Men reproacn his Ccn- du6t, and defer t him. lliere were fome fmall Parties of Indians alter this that frighten^'d the Inhabitants of PUmouthy Taunton^ Chelmsford^ Canard^ Haver field ^ Bradfordy and IVuburn, by their Excurlions, but did- them no great Da- mage; they attempted to fire the Town of Bridgwater^ but the Inhabitants Tallying out upon them, and a great Shower of Rain Vailing at the fame I'ime faved that Place. The Englijh on the other Hand killed feve- ral of the Indians near Med field and Plimcuthy and having Notice by two Boys who had made their Elcape frcm them, that a Body of the Enemy were fecurely clanning together near the Upper Falls oi ConneBicut-KivcVy Capt. T^iirner with 180 Men haftned thither, killed 100 of them upon the Spot, and puflied as many m.cre into the River, but the Captain paid dear for this Victory afterwards, for in his Retreat he fell into an Ambufcade of the Enem}', and after a brave Refinance was himfelf killed with 38 of his Men. May the 30th the Indians made an Afl'ault upon the Town of Hatfield, but were repulfcd with the Lofs of 25 Men. At Reho^ kth they loft 12 more, ^une the 12th 700 In- dians attacked the Town of Hudley^ but were rcpulsM with coniiderable Lofs. On the othei^ Hand, a Party of the MaJfachitfct-ForcQs took and killed 40 Indians; the Connedici it -Yo^cQS in one March dellroyed 100, and in another which they made into the Narrhaganfet-Counzvy under the Command of the brave Major Tc/Aof 360 more. It 596 T)?^^ History c?/New-E.^gland. Ch. ix. Anno It 'vvoulcl tifc tiic Rccidcr's Patience fhouid I 4676 ict down all the E\cur(ions ot the fcveral fmall ^""^ i'artics ot Englijh againfi: the Enemy, with the Heroick Valour ot fcveral private Perfons, viiich yet dcfcrve to be rcmcmbred and praifed; but 'tis obi"crval)le that the Englijh Colonies did not unite ihcir Forces this Summer, as tney did lail Winter in the Expedition againft the Ndryha- ganfets^ becaufe the Enemy had now no Forts or Caiiies lek, but lived m the Woods, and ranged iTp and down the Country in Hying Parties, burning and plundering fuch Villages as they couid furpnze on a fudden, and tlien retiring into the Woods again ; it was in vain to Follow fuch an Er.emy with a numerous Army; each C'Jvtiy therefore adtcd feparately, guarding their own Frontiers, and joynir.g their Allies as Oc- cafion requir'd : The JDefign of the Eugliih was to beat up the Enemies Qj^iarters as often as they could, in Oratr to prevent their planting tl.eir Corn in the Spring, ard their fifhing in the Sun mer, for \Nant of \\hich they were now^ re- duced to very ciflrcfling Circum (lances; for the Fanimc began to rnge amorgft rherft, infomuch that fome ot- them v ere almofl ftarved, and the rcit were Forced ro feed upon un who: fome Diet, Avhich threw them into Fevers, Fluxes, and other epidemical Difteirpcrs ; thefe Conlidera- tic-ns, togctner with a Procl-imation from the 7^^.;/7*«-/;«/'r Ciovernmcnt, that fuch Indians as fliiudfubmit thcmfclvcs to the E'/glijh within 14 Diys might hope For Mercy, induced 200 of tf;e Enemy to come to Plimouthy and lay down their Arms ; being abfolurely reduced to this Dilcmrra, cither of perilliing by Famine, or thr;uving then^felves upon the Mercy of the Englijh ; the Government accepted of their Sub- r t^fion, and pardoned them all but three, who were ccnvi.^ied by ore of their o\sn Company of a €h.ix. Ti&^HisTORYa/ New-England. J97 a cruel Murther, and a villanous Afl'ault upon Aj>s» Mr. Clarke's Houfe ot Plimouth. Ifjf Soon after this 200 ot the Enemy with Philip at their Head fell upon the Town of T'atihton^ but met with a warm Receprion, their Defign having been difcovered by a Ngro who made his Eicape from them, Time enough for the Inhabitants to put themfelves into a Pofture of Defence. July tne 2 2d, the Majfa- chufit-Forcts returned iiomjC, having taken and killed abuut 150 (tragi ing /W/Vi/?j with the L^fs of but one ot their own Number; for P/jilip and his Followers being now diftrefled on every Side left the Alajfachf/fet-jurif diction, and re- turned to their old Qiiarters about Mourn Hope in the Jurifdi(^ticn ot P/imaith, which made thar Col ny the chief Stage of Action the remaining Part of the Summer. Here he had like to have furprifed Major Bradford in an Ambufh, but the Major happily diicngaged himfelf without the Lcfs oF one of his Men, and m.arched into the Territory of the SaconetSy the Qtieen of ^vhich Country at the Head of po of her Sub- jects cam.e to the Major, laid down her Arms, ?nd fubmitied to Mercy. Capt. Church going cut vith a Party of no more than 18 En-i^lijh and 22 Confederate-//z///^wy, had the good For- tune to kill 76 Savages in four feveral Engage- ments without the Lofs of one of his Men.* At Dedham a Party of 2(5 EngJifi and 10 Con- \tdt\^X.Q- Indians purfued and took 50 of the E- nemy, among whom was Po7nham a mighty Sa- chem of the ISlarrhaganfets^ who though he was mortally w ounded, and left for dead, yet wlien one of the RngUih c.imie to rille him, the dying Savage got Hold of the Hair of his Head, and * Hubbard. ^, ico. vould 893 ^<^^^ History ^/New-England. Ch.ix. jln,jo would have Ivillcd him if fome of his Friends »>7'J nad not immediutcly come to his Rcfcue. July '"^ 2 yell, y^/m a SegamorCy or Lord oi t\\<: Nip7nuck- L.diaus with ibo of his Men laid down his Arms, and fubmittcd to Mercy, and to ingrati- ate himfelf with the Englijh brought in Prifoner Matooiuii and his .Son, who was tlie hrft Man that appeared in Arms in the Alajjachufet-Colony the lalt Sammcr j they fpared the Son's Life, but ordered S'^nirncre ythn to flioot the Father dead, which he did. July the 3 lit a fmall Party marching out ot Bridgwater fell in with a Com- pany of Indians w ith Philip at their Head : Phi- lip commanded his Men to Hre, but their Pieces being wet would not go off, upon which they took to their Heels and ran away as faft as they could ; the Englijb killed ten in the Purfuit, and took fifteen Prifoners with a great deal of Booty. Auguft the firft Capt. Church with about thirty Englijh and twenty Confederate-/^ JzV//;i took twenty three of the Enemy, and the next Morning furprifed Philip in his Head-Qtiartcrs, liilled 150 of his Men, and took his Wife and Son Priioners, himfelf hardly efcaping. Augiifi the 6rh an Indian Defer ter informed the Inhabitants of Taunton of a Body of the E- nemy w ho were fecurely clanning in the neigh- bouring Woods, wliereupon they immediately Tallied out upon them, and brought in 26 Pri- foners ; the brave Qiieen of Pocajfet Philip's near Kinfwoman and Confederate loll her Lite upon this Occalion ; file animated her Men with her Pre fence as long as there was any Hv^pes of Suc- cefs, bur when they traiterouQy dc ferted lier flic Ucd to her Canoe, hoping to pafs the River '\\\ it, but not finding it ready flic attempted to crofs upon a Piece of I'imber, and \s as drown- ed ; her Body was thrown alhore fomctimc after at Alctapvif.t, where the E^H'H^b finding it, cur oti" Ch.ix. The History of New-England. 599 off the Bead, not knowing whofe it was, and Anmm (et it upon a Pole in T^utinton, which the Indians ^^ feeing made iudeous Rowlings and Lamenta- tions tor her. Soon atter this, Philip him felf was betrayed by one of his own Friends and Counfellors, who being dilguiied at him for killing an L:dian wao only ventured to mention to him an Expedient fur making Peace with the Englifn^ ran away to Rhvde- I/landy and informed Capt. Chunb V here he was, and how he might be furprifed r Philip was flrangely dejected at the Defertion of his Friend, his Head was difturbed that Night w ith frightful and terrif) ing Dreams of his tail- ing into the Hands of the Englijhy and therefore early in the Morning he called his Friends to- gether, and was telhng them the fad Apprehen- lions he had from the Villain that was gone from them, w^ien Capt. Church with a fmall Party of Englijh and Indians furprifed and difperfed them. Philip attempted to efcape out ot the S'u:a?np, but an Englijh Man and an Indian firing at him, the former's Piece being wet would not go offi but the latter fhot him through the Heart, Augufl the 12th, 1676 : His Body was quartered, and fet upon Poles, and his Head was carried in I'riumph to Plimouth^ where his Skull is. preferved as a Curiofity to be feen at this Day. Thus dyed Philip Grandfon of Old Majfa- foiet Sachem of the tVompanoags ; an implacable Enemy of the Englifi Nation, he w^as a bold and daring Prince, having all the Pride, Fierce- nefs and Cruelty oi a Savage in his Difpofition, w ith a Mixture of deep Cunning and Defign ; being refolved to make a Stand again ft the growing Power o'c the EngliJJ) j he was Mafter of fo much Intrigue, as to engage all the Indiati Nations in his Neighbourhood in .the War witl4 him;, 4o6 The History of New-ExSGland. Ch. ix. jl„„o him, and when his AHairs grew defpcrate he 1^7^ cho.'e rather to dye than fubmic, or hearken to ^"^^ any 'J'erins oi:' Accommodation : He was no Icfs an Enemy to tlie Chriflian Rch"gicn, and would never lurt'er it to be preached to his Peo- ple ; when the Reverend Mr. Elict offered to reafon with him upon this Head, he received him with Contempt, and tailing Hold ot the Button ot his Coat told him, that he cared tor his Goipel no more than tor that Button. P/ji- lip's Death was attended with the dilperling of all his Follo^^ers, who Ikd fome to Ali^my, and otiiers to Pijcataquay many of the Straglers were taken by the Englijh, and their Chiefs put to Death, the reft lubmicted to fuch Terms as the Conquerors were pleafed to impofe upon them : And thus the War ended in the Weftern Parts of Nei\)-Englandy which broke the Strength of the feveral Indian Nations in thofe Parts fo effeduaily, that iince that Time they have never been capable of giving the Englijh any Diftur- bance. In the Eaft, the Indians bordering on the Pro- vinces of Mdin and Ncu:- Hampshire lying beyond PifciUaqua-Kivcr had driven a very prohtabic I'rade with the Englijb, who had fettled there from the MajJuLhiiftts \ '"^ they were without the Line of the Al^JJac/jufet-Chavtcr, and confcquent- ly a diftinct Government by themfelvcs, tho' the Proprictms never obtained a Charter from the Crown ; thcfc Europeans were fo intent upon their Trade, that they had no Time to build Towns or Garrifons, but lived in Houfes fcattered up and down the open Country ,• they cheated the Natives in the nioft open and bare- faced Manner imaginable, and treated them Mitlicr £ooft VII. ^. 55. like Ch. IX. T/;^ History ^/New-Englakd. 401 like Slaves. Once when there was a very great An»9 Drought in the Country, infomuch tnat the In- ^ di.ra Corn was parcn'd up, and the Apple-Trees withered, they would not hirnilli them with a little Powder and Shot to lave them froni pe- ri filing : The Indians were not infenlible of tnis Ufage, but were afiraid to do themfelves Jullice, ^till they heard that ail Ntw-England was in- volved in a bloody War with Philip. Within a Month after the breaking out of that War, the Indians in thefe Parts took Heart, and meeting with the Englijhy told them plainly they \s ould bear their Iniuits no longer. Eacti Party at iiril gave the other hard Words, from whence they proceeded to ScufRing and Blows. Several little Skirmiflies pafl between them in the firft three or four Months of the War, wherein the Englijh lofl 50, and the Indians go of their People i but thefe were but the Beginnings of greater Defolations, for in the Spring ot this Year the Indians came down out of the Woods in vafl Nuirber^, and broke up all the Englijh Plan- tations to the North of Wellsy deftroying all the Country with Fire and Sword ; they burnt Cap- tain Boniton\ Houfe to the Ground, and belieged Major Fhilipss^ bat the Major witl) 10 Men defended liis Houfe fo bravely, that the Enemy, after 24 Hours Siege, retired with the Lofs of 20 or 30 Men. From thence they went to Cajco, and murtlicrVt Mr. Wakd^y his Wife, his Son, and Daughtcr-in-Lt\v with Child, and two Grandchildren, and carried away three mere in- to Captivity. Tin's honell old Man was often heard to fay with Tears, tliat he believed God was angry \\'\x\\ him^ becaufe when he came over into Ne-jj- England for the Sake of Religion, he had kit thofe Parts wh-ere he might have en- jo\'d it, for a Phicc where there was neither Church, nor Miniftrv, nor fo much as the Sho'-^'' ' D d j^l 402 The History of New-England. Ch. Ix. A,mo of any Religion at all. On the 14th of Au^^^ufi 1676 ^i^Qy invaded Anonfuk Ifland in Kennebeck River, deftroy'd every thing that \vas valuable in it, and rr.urtl-cr'd Captain Thomas Lake, and as many inorc Englijh as came in their Way. In Settem- her they burnt the t\\o Chejlies Houfes about O^ficY River, and kill'd two Men. Ocloher i(5. One hurdred of them ailaulted Nevcecht-wannicky and kill'd two Men. Lieutenant Plaifted hearing of their Danger, fent fev^en Men from the next Garrifon to their Relief, who falling into an Ambufcadc loft three of their Number, the reft being hardly able to make good their Retreat. The Lieutenant marching out next Morning with 28 Men to fetch off the dead Bodies, was furrounded by 150 Indians ; and tho' the greateft Part of his Men got off, yet himfelf, with fome of the braveft of his Followers, loff their Lives. OEioher the J 2th they made an Affault upon Black Point, w hich was furrendcr'd to them up- on Condition the Lihabitants might depart with their Goods, which the greatcll Part of them took care to do while the Governor was in Treaty v ith them : But thefc Excurfions of the Enemy alarm'd the whole Province, and oblig'd the Lihabitants of Shcepfccat River, Kenyiebeck River, Sagadekck ard the adjacent Parts, to defert tiie open Country, and retire within the Govern- ment of the Miiffachujits. In the mean Time Application being made to Bofloyi for Affirtance, the Mifjachuftts Colony fent out a Body of Men under the Comimand ot Captain Thomas Hawthorn, Captain Syll, and o- tliers, for the Subduing tiiefe Indians, but they tour.d it imprr'Cticable j for there being no Towns ur Forts for the Englijh to garrifon, the Indians CO uld make their Excurficns into the open Coun- try, and retire again into the V/ooJs before it was Poffible for the Army to overtake them: Ho\^- Ch.ix. The History of New-Englakd. 403 However the Majfachufet Forces, after fcveral Anno fmart Skirmiihes with various Succefs, on the ^ 6th of- September -^ furprized about 400 lidi- ans as they were pkindering Major JValdeyens Houfe at Qimhecho, and took them all Prifoners: Thofe that were taken in Arms, which were a- bout 200, were fold for Slaves ; the reil:, upon J^romife ot living peaceably and quietly with the Englijh for the future, were fent home, fomc few only who had been guilty of Murther being put to death. But notwithftanding this, and fomc other little Advantages that they gain'd over the Ene- my, ^tis certain xht Englijh were fick of the War, and glad to embrace the firfl: Offers of Peace ; and accordingly when Alugg, a chief Leader a- mong them, but a known Villain, m:ide fome Propofals, they agreed with him on the follow- ing Articles. Covenants and Agreements, made and concluded by and between the Governor and Council of the Majfachufeis Colony in New-England on the one Part ; and Mugg Indian, in the Name and on the Behalf of Madockawando and Chebar- tinUy Sachems of Pembjcvty on the other Part. (i.) « TTTTHEREAS the faid Mugg hath' V Y " been fent and employed by the ^^ faid Sachems upon a Treaty with the faid *' Governor and Council relating? to a Conclu(ion " of Peace, doth hereby covenant and engage " for himfelf, and in Behalf of the faid Sachems, " that from henceforth they will cca{e all A(5ts *' of Hoftility, and hold an entire and firm Uni- " on and Peace with all the EngU'iJ) of the Colo- *' nics of Ne-jo- England. ~ *" Hubu7drS»>7rr7 ^n§.''~ JDd z (2.) "That-" 4o4 r/;^ History ^/New-England. Cli. ix. At,m (2.) " T H A T immediately on the (aid Miggs l^^ " Return, tlic laid SaciK*ms fhall deliver up to dich " Eiiglihman or Men, as fliall by Order ot the " laid Governor and Council be fent with him, *' all fuch Engliib Captives, VcHcls, and Goods " whatfoever, Arms and great Artillery belong- ** ing to the EngUjh^ as arc in their Cuftody, or '^ under their Power, as have been taken from *' them during the Time of the late Hollility. (3.) " Tkat they will uie their utmoftEn- *' deavQur with all poHTible f^^ecd to procure pay, ** wherewith to make full Satisfaction to the " Eiiglijh^ for all fuch Injuries Lolfes and Da- '' mages, as they have fuilain'd by them in their " Houlir.g, Cattle, or other Edate, during the ^' Time of the late Hoftility, or elfe to pay fuch " a Num.ber of Bsazer Skins yearly in order '' thereunto, as fliail be agreed on between tlic " faid Sachems, and fuch Perfon or Performs as " fliall be fcnt to them from the faid Governor ^' and Council for the Ratihcation hereof, to " be paid at fuch Time and Place, as fhall be " then agreed upon. (4.) *' T H A T upon Confide rat ion of the " Eyiglijh furnifhing of them with Powder and " Ammunition for tlieir necclfary Supplies and " Maintenance, they do covenant and promife " not to trade for or buy any Pow der or Am- " munition, but of fuch Pcrfons as fliall from " I'imc to Time be deputed by the Governor '* for that End. (5.) "That i^ it appear tiiat IVahe)- Gendal^ ^' and the Men fent with him in the Vcifel from " Pifcataqua^ (with Goods from Mr. F,'}€r for " the Redemption oi: the Captives, according " to Agreement) or any of them arc furpriz'd, " and flain by any of their LiJiaas, or any others . " whom they can bring uiider their Power, that '' they fliall forthwith execute fuch Murthercr or Cli. IX. T/'^ History ^/New-England. 405 " or Murcherers, or othersvife deliver them up AnH» " into the Hands of the Englijh. -^^7^ (6.) '* That if tlie Arnomftoggin, or any o- *^ ther Lidians in the Ea(}ern Parts that are in '^ Hoftility with the EngUjli, fhall not fully con- ** fent to thefe Covenanrs and Agreements, but *' fliall perlifl m Adts of Hofliliry againft the *' Englijhy that then the faid Sachems lliallj and *' will hold all fuch Indiana to be their Enemies, ** and take up Arms againil: them, and eiigage '' them as fuch. (Laftly,) *' T H E faid Miggy as a Pledge and ^' Afllirance of his own Fidelity, and that he is *^ empowered by the faid S'-chems for the End '* abovefaid, and for the Performance of the a- ^* bovemention'd Agreements, doth freely and *^ willingly depofite himfelf and his Life in the ^' Hands of .he Englijh, to remain with them " as a Hoflage, until the faid Captives, Good§. * '* and Veffels fliall be deliver'd up, " '^ ' ' Bofion, Njv, 13. 1 6^6. Signed in the Prefence o't. The Mark of John Earthy^ Mugg W Indian, Richard OliveCy Ifaac Addington, Madockoirando performed his Part of the Trea- ty, and deliver^ up his Capcives, but could not perfwade his Countrymen to fubmit : The ALif- fachufets therefore difpatch'd 200 Men, under the Command of Major JVuldeyC'i^ to ob ige them to it. The Major met with a Body of Lidians ^t Penobfiot, and would have treated with them for the Releafe of the Captives on borii Sides, but finding them treacherou> he firVi up- on them, and took feveral of them Prifoners, >Virh a confiderable Bjoty : But aficr aVi, the Major could neither conquer tlie Eaftern Indians^ D d 3 nor 4o6 T//^HfsTORYd?/ New-England. Ch. ix. Annr» v.ox obtai'n the Releafc of the Prifoners, but rc- Jf^^ turii'cl to Bofton with no other Lawrel than that ^^ he loft none d his Men. Soon after this a Sort of Peace was cuncl tided, not very honourable to the Euglrfiy for among otlier Articles that were agreed to this was one. That the Englifh JJjould alluiv the Indians n certain Qja'/itity of Corn yarly^ at a kind of Q^iit Rent for their Lands. Upon the Signing oi the Peace the Ehglijh returned to their Plantations again, Trade began to fiourifli, and tlie Number of Inhabitants encreas'd to fuch a degree, .that within a few Years there were ten or i\s elve little Towns built within the Provinces of Main and Ne-j)-Ha7npJhire. T H u s w ithin the Conipafs of two Years ended the Philipfick War, wherein all the Indian Nations that teok part in it were fubdued and brought under the Power of the EiigUjh, except thofe in the North Eaft, who not only main- tained their Ground, but gained luch Advan- 'tagcs as made them in a Manner Mailers of the Peace. And tho' the Actions of this War are not fo important as thofe of Flanders and Spain^ which have lately raifed the Wonder of the World ; yet the Valour of thefe Englijh Captains in America^ \\'\\q died in the Bed of Honour, and faved their Country from the Mifcry and Ruin that a barbarous Enemy would have l>rought upon it, ought to be rem.embred and praifed by Poftcrity. T HERE is one Thing whicli defervcs to be taken particular Notice of, and that is, I'hc unlV.aken Fidelity of the Indiju Converts during the whole Courfe of this War, wiiom neither the Perfwafions nor Tlircatnings of their Coun- try men conld draw from their Allegiance to the Englifh. The Government kept a watchful Eye Gvci* tiicm at firft ; and the Mob, being incenfcd r.g:iii":ft the Ir.diiin S.rjages^ could hardly be re- ' ftraincd Ch.ix. T/^^ History ^f New-England. 407 flrained from facrificfng the Converts to tlieir Anno Fury i for they demanded of the Governor of J^ Marthas Vine\ard the di farming of all the In- dians upon the IQand, and in cafe of a Rei'ulal, they threatned to cbh'ge them to it by Force of Arms, tho^ the others \\ ere T\venty to One in Number. Hereupon Mr. May hew ordered Capt. Richard Sarfon to march v>ith a fmall Party to the Wefl End of- the Ifland, and make this Pro- poiition to the Indian Converts, * only as an Ex- pedient for the Qiiieiing the Minds ot the. Peo- ple ; but the Anfwer they received was this : " That the delivering up of their Arms would " expofe them to the Rage and Anger of their " Countrymen engaged in tlie prcfent War, w ho " were no Ids theirs than the Enemies of the " Englijh : That they had never 2,ivQn the leafl ^' Occalion for the Diflruft" the People had en- *' tertained ; but that if in any thing, confident *' wdth their own Safety, they could give any " further Proofs of their Fidelity, they would *^ readily comply with what fhould be demanded, " but they were unwilling to deliver up their ** Arms, unlefs the Englijb could propofe feme .:/ " other Way for their Satety and Livelihood. With this Anfwer they delivered the Captain a Writing in their own Language, wherein they declare, " That as they had already fubmitted *' to the Crown of Englandj fo they were dcter- *' mined to aiGTifl the EnglijJ) on thefe Iflands *' againft their Enemies, whom they efteemed " equally their own, as being Subjcds of th« " fame King. " The Governor wns fo well fa- tisfied with this Anfwer, that he gave them no farther Trouble ; but inftead of disarming them, fupplied them with all Sorts of Ammunition, * C. Mather, £«fe vi. ^ 57. D d 4 '-^n 1 4oS T/;fHisTORy ^/ New-England. Ch.ix. Anno and comn^.itrcd the Defence of the Illand to their i^^5 Care \ and {o faitiiful were tiiey to their Truft, thr.t all Perfuns that landed upon the Illand du- ring the Cu'irfe of the War were without Diftindtion, brought before the Governor to be examined. O N the 5th of April this Year died "JJrn, Wihthiof^ jun. Efqi Governor ol- the United Colonies of Cnnedkut and Nevchaven^ and Fellow of the Royal Sccieiy : He was Son of "John WinthYQp-t Ell]; hrfl Governor of the MaJJuchu- fetSy and was born at Grcton in SuffolL^ 1605. He was educated at Cambridge^ and came ever with his Father to NeiL-Ey^dand^ K53I5 where he was immediately ciiofen into the Magiftracy. He returned to England in the Year 1634. ^"^ can:e over again the Year following with Powers irom the Lord Suy and Brook to begin a Plantation on Connetticut River, and a CommifTion tor himfetf to be Governor of it. Here he built Say-Brook Fort, the bcfi: Security ngainft the Incurlions of the India'iis that the Engliih m thofe Parts were ever Mafcers cL Upon* the ReAoration of King Charles the S^-Xond he undertook a Voyage to England^ and obtained a Charter for the two Coionjes of Connellicut and Ne'u:have;:^ whereby they were invcfled with greater Privileges than any of their Neighbours. The United Colc.nics for this extraordinary Piece of Service chofe him their Governor every Year after as long as he lived. Wiien the Gr.vernn-ent was diflrclied by the War with Philip, and the Aifuirs of the . Couniry required the Advice of the. mod expe- rienced Ccunfellor.^, Mr. IVihthrop travelled to Bcftcn^ to a^iiii as a Com mitli oner of the General Court, v.lxre he was feizcd with a Fever, and died in the 2 2d Year of his Age. He wfts a hne Gentleman: A good Natural Philcfophcr and Ph) fician. His Clofct was a|- Ch.ix* The KisTOKY of New-England'. 409 ways furnifhed with the bell Medicines, which Anna he charitably diftributed to fuch of his poor ^^78 Neighbours' as had need of them. On the i6th oi March died Mr. John Leveretty Governor of the Majfadmfet Colony. He had been a Soldier, and lignalized himfelf in fcveral confiderable Anions abroad in his younger Years, but of late had applied himfelf wholly to the Art of Government ,• and was fo well beloved by the Colony, that his Ele(5tion as Governor was never contefted from the Death of Mr, Belling- ham to his own. He died of the Stone in an advanced Age ; and w^as fucceeded by Simon Bradftreet, Efq; in whofe Time their Charter was taken from them. While the New-England Forces were in the ^^„, JField, Days of Fading and Prayer had been fre- 1^75 qucntly obferved by the Churches, for the Succefs of their Arms; but when the War was over, thefe Solemnities were difcontinued, and the People be- gan to grow intolerably licentious in their Morals : Devout People obferved, that tho' they were delivered from the Hands of their Enemies, yet the Judgments of God feemed to follow^ them ,- for •the Fruits of the Earth were blafted two or three Years fucceflively, infomuch that the La- bour of the Husbandman began to fail, Epide- mical Difeafes carried off great Numbers of People, and the Trade of the Country fell to decay, by uncommon LofTes both by Sea and Land. The General Court of the Majfachufets taking thefe Things into Conlicjeration, called a Synod to meet at Bo/lon, and examine into the State of Religion, and prevent the further Growth of Impiety and Prophanencfs: The Synod agreed. That there was not only a general Decay of Piety ainong the Inhabitants, but that Pridi\ I^ucf^pe- ranee J Siuear.ing,.. Sid>l;ath-breakiag and Covetoufdejsy \N ere at an unccmmonHcight ; and therefore advi- ., , ' . ' vifcd 4IO T/;f History^/ New-Ekglakd. Ch. jx. A»no fed, that for the reforming thcfe Vices, the Mi- l^ nillcrs fhculd be exhorted to preach againft them in their Pulpits, and the Magiflrates to put the Laws in Execution againft tliem, as far as they came under their Cognizance. I N this Synod there was a Debate about the Right of Lapien to a Place in the Synod, oc- calioncd by the Practice of fome Churches, who would only fend their Minifters to the Alfembly : But it was agreed that not only Minifters^ but other Lay-Mcfiengers were the proper Members of a Synod, and had a Right to their Sutfrage in it, as the Churches Reprefcntatives.* I N the fame Synod the Platform of Church Difcipline, drawn up in the Year 1648 was recognized and confirmed by the following Vote; " A Syncd of the Churches of the Colony of " the 'Mnjfaihiifets being called to meet at Boftoyi •* Sepe?}il;er 167^, having read and confidcrcd " a Platform of Church Difcipline agreed upon *' by the Synod, aflembled at Camhidge 1548, do " unanimouily approve of the fame Plattorm as *' to the Subftance of it,defiring that the Churches " may continue ftedfaft in the Order of the " Gofpel, according to w hat is therein declare'd '' from the Word of God. " Ann9 Next 'Year ancthcr Synod met at Boftaiy ^^^ and having revifed the Savoy Coiiftffio-a of Faith, ordered it to be printed by Authority; with fome few Variations, as the Faith of the Church- es cf Nc-ui-Eiigland : This ConfefTion of Faith, to which is annexed a Chapter of Difcipline, was drawn up by an AiVembly of the Elders and Mcllengers of the feveral Congregational Churches tlirouc^hout England y vho met at the Savoy the 12th of Othbcr 1658, and ad- * Mailicr, B. v. i«. 86, . , , journ d Ch. ix. The History of New-England. 4 1 r jOLirn'd themfcives from time to time till they Antio had finifhed it; the Contcffion of Faith differs J^ but very little from that of the Alfembly at Wefimztifter, and the Chapter of Difcipline agrees very much with the Platform. The flrft Church- es of Now- England v/ere all built on the Foot of this Difcipline as the Reader has already obferved in this Hiftory, and though (ince that Time fome Churches of the Presbyterian Per- fuafion are planted among them, yet their Difci- pline has not been received in the Country ac- cording to the Models of Geneva or Scotland: However they have as much Liberty as they can defire, and an equal Share in the Govern- ment with their Neighbours, and the Church- es live in Love and Communion with each other. Some Attempts were made by the Presbyte- rian and Congregational Minifters in England^ for compremifing the DiHerences between thefe two Parties among themfelves, and 'Heads of Agree- ment were drav/n up, and afTented to on both lides, in the Year 16^2, but Difputes arifing upon fome high Points of Divinity, in w^hich the Heads of each Denomination took a different Part, they proceeded at length to fuch Heats as alienated their Affedions, and diffolved the Union, after it had fubfifted about three Years. But the New-England Minifters received thefe Articles with an Univerfal Approbation, and continue to ad agreeably to them to this Day. Dr. Mather * fays "tis not poffible to give the World a jufter Idea of the Ecclefiaftical Conftitution of New England^ than is to be had from thefe Ar- ticles ,• and therefore I have given them a Place in the Appendix.! Booh V. ^. 59- t ^^pcnJix .Numb. UL 412 7/;^ History ^/New-Englakd. Ch. ix. A»no A T the Clofe of this Year died J'^Jtab IVia- l^ flow, Efq; Govcrnoiir of Plimouth, and the firll: Nevj-Englijh Man that was ever advcinced to that lT[onour ; he was Son of Edward IVinfloir.^ Efq; and fuccccdcd Mr. Prince in the Govern- ment of t!ie Colony. In the Indian War he was made General of the Plimouth-FovccSy and got immortal Honour at the Fort of tiie Nurrhaian- fets ; he was a fine Gentleman, a brave Soldier, and an excellent Governour : He was fucceeded by Mr. Robnt Treaty in wliofe Time the Cnar- ter of the Councry was taken away. Anno About Midfummer foUowmg dyed Mr. U- ^^3i yj^yi^ Oakesy Paftor of the Church of Cambridge^ and Prefident of Harvard-College, he was born in England, but educated in Harvard-College in New- England, and preached his firfl Sermon for Mr. Eliot at Roxhury. In the Time of the Civil Wars he returned to his nativ^e Country, and became Minifter of Titchfield, where he conti- nued till he WMS .filenced with the reft of the Nonconformift-Minifters in 1662. He was af- terwards Schoolmafter at Soinhick \r\ Himpjhire, but upon the Death of Mr. MitclKd, the Church of Cavilridge in Nfw England inviting him to the Pafloral Office among them , he accepted their Call, and foon afcer became Preiident of the College, which he governed with univcrfal Satisfaction to his Death, which Irippen'd ydy the iStli, 1681, in the 50th Year of his Age; he was a good Scholar, an excellent Preacher, and of a fweet natural Difpolition. Anno •'i'nK Governours of the College would have '' appointed the Reverend Mr. Increafe Alather to fucceed him, but his Church at Boftou not being* \\ il hng to part witii him. Air. Johf: Rogers was preferred to the Place ; Mr. Rcgcrs cime over to New-England at fix Years of Age, and was edu- cated in Harvard-College ; he v as Hrll a PreacliCr ■ at Ch.ix. Tj^^ History of New-England. 415 at Ipfickh, but applied himfelf afterwards to the Ar?n9 Study of Phylick ; he governed the College but l^ two Years, and dyed univerfally lamented by all the Students. Upon his Death Mr. Mather was again chofen to fucceed him, and to fatisfy the Ob- jedions of his Church, was allowed to preach at Bojlon on LordVDays, and to attend the Bufinefs of the College in the Week ; he governed with great Reputation till his advanced Years required a Recefs, and had the Welfare of the College fo much at Heart, that the Univerfity decreed him the higheft Honours. This good old Gentle- man is yet alive, and in high Efteem among his Country-men for his eminent Services both to the Church and Commonwealth. Remarkably Pious and Chriflian was the j[„„y Death of Mitarky Prince of the Gay-Head on 1^85 Martha' s~Vhieyard'y who vvas converted to the Chriftian Religion by Mr. Mayhew, and like a good Prince, encouraged the fpreading of it among his Subje61:s, even to the Hazard of his very Crown ; for the People were fo bigotted to their old Religion that they threatncd to de- pofe him, unlefs he banifh^d the Engl'ijh MiiTio- naries, the Prince hereupon with a few of his Friends prudently retired to the Eaft-End of the liland, "till the Ferm-cnt was over, and his Subjects agreed to give Liberty to tlie Miniflers to preach the Gofpcl to as many of the People as were willing to hear it : And then after three Years he returned, and became himfelf a Preacher of Chriftianity to his Subjects, fo that the whole Iiland in a little Tim.e be- came Chriftian The Day before his Death Mr. Mayhew vifitcd him, and enquiring into < his Hopes of a future Happinefs ; h*^ replied, ^' / have Hope in Gorly that xvhen my Soul depdrti ** out of this Bodvy Gvd will fend his Meffengers who jbaH 414 T/;^ History c/ New -England. Ch. ix. Annp '^ jhall condutl it to Jwnfelf to be ivith J ejus Chrijl ic^l a ^jje^e that ever Lifting Glory is. As for my Rea- ^ fins, laid he, / myfelf haue bad many IVrorigs of " Enemies, of ubuJn I have fu^^ht no Revenge, nor^ ** retained Evil in Ihoughty JVord, or Deed, and *' / alf esfeEl the fame from God. But I proceed *' m further,, for God is very meixiful. Mr. May- hezv then asking him concerning his Willing- ncfs to dye ; he anfwcrcd, " Jt is now feven " Nights Jtnci I was taken fick, and / have not yet " atked (f God to live longer in the World ; /;/ this ^' World are fome Benefits to be enjoyed, alfo " many 'Troubles to be endured, but ivith Refpeci to *• the Hvpe I have in God, I am willing to dye; " here Iain in Pain, there I Jhall be freed fro?n all ^' Pain, and enjoy the reft, that never endeth. Then pointing to his Daughter, he (aid ; " And you " 7ny Daughter, if you lofe your Father, moivrn not " for fne, but jmurn for yourfelf, and for your ** Sins; mcurn not for -me, for tho' you are unwilling '^ to fpare me, and I might be helpful to you if *' / jhould live longer in this IVorld, yet to dye " is better for 7ne. " He was a faithful Friend arid Ally of the Englijh, and dyed univerfally regretted by the whole Ifland, in the Month of January, 1683. Atm'i New- England began now to take Breath af- ^^^4 ter a bloody and expenfive War, Trade reviv'd. Peace and Plenty flowed in upon them ; when, on a fuddcn, the Arfairs of the Country were thrown into the utmolt Confuiion by the ar- bitrary Proceedings of the Englijh Court. King Charles the SccoP-d had ordered a Qiw Warranto to be illued out againfl the Charter ot the City oi' Lvndon, upon Pretence of their illegal exacting of Tolls m the Markets, and framing a fcanda- lous Petition, wherein they charged the King with ob(lruc~ting the Juftice oi t!ic Nation : At- ter a long 'l>yal at the Court of King's- Bench, w herein Ch.ix. T^^HisTORY^/ New-England.' 415 wherein Council was heard on both Sides, Judge ^^^ Jones declared it to be the unanimous Opinion ^ ^ of that Court, "That the Liberties and Franchifes of the City of London be feiz^d into the Kings Hands ; and accordingly, Oclcber the 4th follow- ing the Attorney- General entred Judgment of SeiTLure^ and the King nominated all the Magi- flrates of the City for the enfuing Year. The City of London having lofl its Charter, almoft all the Corporations in England influenced either by Fear or Flattery complimented the King with a Surrender of theirs, and the King grant- ed them new ones, referving always to himfelf the Power of confirming their Mayor, Alder- men, and other chief Officers. It m.ay eafily be imagined after this, that the Plantations could not long maintain their Privileges. The Province of Nevj-Hampjhire never had a Charter, but the Proprietors find- ing themfelves continually expofed to the Excur- fions of the French- Indians on the Borders laid Hold of this Opportunity to make a free Sur- render of their Government to the Crown re- ferring the Soil to themfelves for fuch Im- provements as it was capable of, fince which Time the Governour of New-England has had a fpecial Commiffion to govern that Province independently of the Maffachufet-Bay^ and is re- prefented in his Abfence by a Lieutenant-Go- vernour appointed by the Crown, who, with a Council of Twelve of the Inhabitants appointed likewifc by the Crown, directs all the Affairs of the Province. The Maffachufet-Colony had a Quo IVarranto feiit them in the Year 1683, and in the Year 1684 a Writ of Scire facias, by which they were required to make their Appearance at IVefl/nin- fier in Oclcber following, which they knew no- thing of till a Month before, fo that it was im- poffiblc 41 6 The History ^/New-England. Ch. ix. Anno pofTiblc for them to anfwer at the Time ap- J^ pointed, and yet Judgment was entrcd againft them. Plhiiouth- Colony underwent the fame Fate, without fo much as a Pretence of Mifgovern- ment allcdged. Rhode- IJland fubmittcd peaceably to his Ma- jefty's Pleafure. ComieBicnt-Colony received a Qjo IVurrantOy with Letters from the King fignitying, that in Cafe they refigned their Charter, they might take their Choice of being under New-Tork or Bojion ; upon which feveral of the Magi- ftrates returned a moft humble and fupplicatory Anfwer, praying, that their former Govern- ment might ftill continue; but that if it muft be taken from them, they had rather be under Bofton than New-Tork : This was interpreted by feme at Court as a Refignation of their Char- ter, and a Com million was fent to Sir Edmund Androfsy who went with fome armed Attendants to Hartford the Capital . of the Province, apd de- clared their Charter and former Government void. Thus w\as the ancient Conftitution of New-England deflroyed, and the whole Country made an abfolute Province of the Crown of England, A Lisi Ch.'ix. T/'6'HisT0RY t/Nhw-England. 4x7 Anno A L I s T of the Governours oF the feveral l6^ Colonies of Nevj-Emland^ according to the Order of their buccelTion from the Beginning of the EngUjh Settlements to the Surrender of their Charters. Plimouth. yohn Cari'er, William Bradfordy 'Thomui Prince^ Edward fVinJlow. Massachuset-Bay. Matthew Craddocky Jihn Winthropy bir Henry Vane^ jun. T'homai Dudley^ John Endicotty Richard Bellinghamy John Leveretty Simon Bradftreet. Connecticut. " I * New-Haven. Theofhilm EatoUy Francis Newman, f William Leer. Edward HpkinSy Jchn Haynesy George Willi fy 'Thorn CX6 Wel^Sy yjm We^/ler, After the Union of the Two Colonies^ William Leet^ \ Robert Treat. £g Chap. 4i8 T/;?HisTOK.Y and fend him Prifoncr lo England -^ the People at the lame ^Time refuming their Charter, and chooilng -tlieir own Magi Urates, as formerly; but the King foon put a Stop to their Proceedings; by fending over Sir Edmund Androsy a Guernfey-Man, with a Commiflion bearing Date June 3. idSd, conftituting him Governour of tlic whole Cour.try, and impow er- ing him with iour of his Council to make Laws, and raife Money on tiie Kings's Subjeds without any Parlianient, Aliembly, or Confent ot the People : Upon his Arrival he turn'd out all the Magifirates, Judges, and Officers of the Militia chofen by the People, and appointed others in their Rconi ; he overturn'd by De- grees the \NhoIe Conftitution, and ftretch'd his Prerogative to fuch an Height, as made it im- poilible for the People toli\c under him, which prepared the Way for the Rc\olution, wliich loon after followed. Anno It was in tiie Time of tlus Gentleman, that ^^^^ Captain IViliicim P/jips\ a Native of this Coun- try, being inform.ed of a Spanijh Wreck, near the Peri de la PLita^ "• wherein had been loft a vaft Treafure of Silver, about lifcy Years before, refolved to attempt the Recovery of it ; he had been at Court in the Year 1683, and made fuch Mither ^ooU I. i-j^* Ch. ix. 7/66" History ^New-England. 411 a Reprefentation of his Defign to King Charlesy Aim% that he made him Commander of the Algier Rofe^ ^^ a Frigot of 18 Guns and p5 Men ; in this Vef- fel he fkil'd to Hifpaniohiy and got Information from an old Spaniard of the true Spot where the Wreck lay, but when he had ^^flled as long as the Patience of the Ship's Crew \\ oiild hold out, he was forced to return home without any Pro- fped of Succefs. The Captain laid the Blame upon the Impatience of his Crew ; but mofl Men looked upon the Prcjcdc as impradicable, for which Reaibn it was a long I'ime before he could prevail with any confiderable Perfons ei- ther in Court or .City to be at the Charge of a fecond Adventure. But at lad the Duke of Albemarle with fbme other Perfons cf Quality fitted him out, and furnifhed him with all Neceilarics for his Expe- dition; Upon his Arrival at the Port de la PlatUy ^vith his Ship and Tender, he went up into the Woods, and built a fiout Canoe out of a Cotton-Tree, large enough to carry eight or ten Oars; this Canoe and Tender with fome feled Men, and Divers^ the Captain fent out in Search of the Wreck, whilft himfelf lay at An- chor in the Port ; the Canoe kept busking up and down upon the Shallows, but could difcover nothing but a Reef of rifing Shoals, called the Boyler^j within two or three Foot of the Surface of the Water : The Sea was calm ; every Eye was employed in looking down into it, and the Divers went down in fevcral Places without making any Difcovery ; till at laft, ns they were returning back weary and dejected, one of the Sailors looking over the Side o'i the Canoe into the Sci, fpied' a Feather under Water, growing, as he imagined, out of the S.'de of a Rock : One of the Divers was immedia:ely ordered down to fetch it up, and look out, if t,ie;c was any thing E e 3 of 422 T/^f History of N^nv-Enqland. Ch.x, Ai^o of Value about i: : He quickly brought up the J^ /^cither, and told them, that he had diilovered fc\ cral great Guns, whereupon he \^ as ordered down again, and then brought up a Pig ot" Sil- ver of two or ti.rec hundred Pounds Value ; the Sight of which filled them with 'I'ranfports, and convinced them iuflicicntly, that they had found the I'reafure they had been fo long looking for. When they had buoyed the Place they made HaftC to P^rt^ and told the Captain the joyful News, who couid hardly believe them till they fhewM him the Silver ; and then, with Hands lifi up to Heaven, he cried out, T'hauls he to Gcdy u-vith about Three Hundred Thoufand Pounds Sterlings Sixteen Thoufand of which, after all Charges paid, and Gratuities to the Sailors, came to his own Share, beddes which the Duke oi Albemarle made his Wife a Prefent of a Golden Cup of a Thouf:md Pounds Value. Some of King Jdmes^ Courtiers would have perfvvaded him to have feized the Ship and its Cargoe, under Pretence, that the Captain had not rightly informed him of the Nature ot his Project, when he was gracioufly pleafed to grant him his Patent ; but the King replied, that Phips w^as an honefl: Man, and that it was his Council's Fault that he had not employed him himfelt, and therefore he would give him no Diflurhance in what he h d got, but as a Mark of his Ro\'nl Favour, conferred upon him the Honour of Knighthood. The Eaftern- Indians, ^ by the Inftigation o^ ^^^° the French^ invaded the Froniicrs this Summer, and commenced a War, which all the Powers of Nexu-England could not extinguiih iii ten Years ; E e 4 ris 424 ^/^^ History of New-England. Ch. x. 4uno Tis hard to account for the Rile of tliis War, 1^*8 (.;ich Party throwing it otf from themfelves ,• the Lidiansy clpccially tiiofe of Saco and Anuufcuggin coinplaincd, Fnft, 'I liat the Evglijh refufcd to pay the yearly Tribute ot Corn agreed upon in the Ar- ticles ot Peace formerly concluded \sith thcin by the Euglijh Commillioners. Secondly, I'hat they w ere ii^ivaded in their Fifliery at *S*adir.g, of Drunkenr.cfs, Cheating, (7c. whicii thofe that trade much with them are feldom innocent of. 'J' H p. French complained, 7'hat the Engliji having unjuOly feized a Parcel of Wines landed at a F.a:ch Plantation to tlie Eiftvard, an Or- der was obtained from the King of EngLiud, by the Inftanccs of the French AmbalVador, for the rcflorir-g thcmj whereupon tlie Et:glijh, by Way o\ ReveFigc, ran a i.cw \JA^c for the Bounds of tlVc Province, wKich cnclofed Monlieur St. Cu- fteen'i Plan tation-witl; in the Enj^lijh Pale : Mon- (leur St. Cajlccn leaving his Houfe upon tl\is Occafion, tUc Englijh fcizcd Opon his Arms and Goods, Ch.x. r//^ HiSTORV ^/New-England. 425 Goods, and brought them away to Pemmaquid : Anno He, to do himfeil: Juftice, perfwaded the Indians ]^ to ftand upon their Guard, and not futter fuch Encroachments upon their Country, and having married one ot their Segamores Daughters, eafi- ly prevailed with them to begin Ad:s ot* Hofti- lity againft the Eng/ifb, promiling them all the A.iiiflance that the French at Canada could give them. 1' H E EngUPit in anfwer to thefe Allegations of the French and Indians, complained of the in- fulting Behaviour of the Indians upon the Fron- tiers y who, if they had received any Injuries, ought firft (fay they) to have demanded Satis- fadtion from the Government in a legal Way, before they proceeded to do themfelves Juftice by an open War. The iirft Ads of Hoftility began upon this Occafion : A Party of Indians came to North Tarmouthf and having killed fome Cattle, threat- ned with the Afliftarxe of the French to murder the People too ; upon which Capt. Blackman, a Juftice of Peace, with fome of the Neighbour- hood of Saco, ventured to feize 18 or 20 of the Ringleaders, and fent them under a ftrong Guard to Falmouth in Cafco Bay, to be kept in Cuftody "till he fliould receive Orders from Bofion concerning them. The Indians hereupon made Reprizals, and took feveral of the Englijh Prifoners, among whom was Capt. Rowden, and Capt. Genda/ ; Ro-wden jiever got out of their Hands, but Gendal and his Party were releafed upon the Return of Blackmans Prifoners. An Exprefs was immediately fent away to Sir Ed- mund Andros at New Tork, to give him an Ac- count of thefe Things ; and in the mean Time the Gentlemen of Bo/Ion ordered fome Soldiers to march towards Falmouth for the Security of the Country, and fent the Woifliipful Mr. StoughtoUf 426 Ti&^HisTORY ^/New-England. Cli. x. Xnn9 StMghton, vith fome others, to endeavour to [ffj bring the Indians to a Treaty, and recover the Captives. The Indians fccmed inclinable to an Accommodation atfirft, and promifcd to meet the Eiiglijh at a Place aiUed Alacquoit ; but ha\ing advilcd wich the French in the mean Time, they did not appear ; but a few Days after fell upon the Town of Ncrth Tarmoiithy and killed fcxcral of the Inhabitants. This was the firfl Blood that was drawn in this Quarrel. Tiic Indian Prifoncrs were now fcnt up to Boftm, and the Inhabitants of the Frontier Plantations ordered to fecure thcmfclves in the Garrifons, 'till ttiey fliould receive furtiicr Orders from Sir Ed?nund Andros. But when Sir Edmund returned to Bo- ftoHy he difapproved of Captain Blackmans Con- duct, and ordered all the Prifoncrs to be fet at Liberty, and their Arms to be reflored, without infifting upon the Delivery of the Englijh Cap- tives, only he publiHied a Proclamation requi- ring^ the Indians to furrcndcr up thofc Perfons to Judice who had murther'd the King's Subje(5is at Tarmouth ; which they took no manner of Notice ot. The Difi'erences \sere too great to be amicably compofed, and both Sides prepared for War. I N the Month of Septemho' Capt. Grndal was ordered with a Party ot Men to garrifon Tnr- mouthy and palifadoe both Sides of the River for the Defence of the Town ; but while his Men were at Work, an Eng/ijJj Captive, w ho had run away from his Mailer, informed them, 'I'hac 70 or 80 of the Enemy were juft ready to fall upon them. The Soldiers, inflead ot Itinding to their Arms, crolfcd the River in their Boats, whereby they run into the Mouth of the Enemy, and were taken Prifoncrs ro the Number of 12. The Indians with their Prifoncrs marched on towards Cifco; the Inliabitaiits of which 'I'own refolvcd Ch. X. The History of New-England. 417 refolved not only to ftand on their Defence, but -«<''«• to refcue. their Friends out off the Hands of the i^^ Enemy. Accordingly they crofled the River in a Body, and releafed all their Friends except one or two, without coming to Blows : But one of the Indians holding his Prifoner fafter than the reft, BenediB Ptikifer^^n Inhabitant of Cafcc^ flruck him on the Shoulder with the Edge of his broad Ax, upon which enfued a warm Engagement, feverai being killed on both Sides : At laft the Indians retired, and the Englijh returned back into the Town I but Capt. Gendal venturing over the River again the lame Evening in a Canoe with only one Servant, fell into an Ambufcade, wherein both of them were llain. Some Time after this the Indians marched Eaitward, and falling upon the Englijh at a Place called Merry^ Meetings from the Concourfe of feverai Rivers, they plundered their Houfes, and killed all they could lay their Hands upon. About the fame Timx they laid the Town of Sheepfccte in Afhes, but the People faved themfelves by retiring into the Fcrt. From thence they went to Kennebunk near Winter Harbour^ where they murthered Mr. Burroughs' s and Mr. Buffy's Fam.il ies, and then retired. S I R Edmund Andros, in order to put a Stop to thefe Excurfions of the Enemy, raifed an Army of near i©oo Men, and m.arched himfelf to the Frontiers at the Head of them in the very Depth of Winter, but the Indians were then retired into the Woods, not one of them appearing while the Army was in thofe Parts. I'he Gcverncr's Gondud was very much cenfu- red for marching into the Field at this Time ot the Year, and expofing his Men to the Hardfiiips cf a Winter Ompaign, witiicut the leaf!: Profpe6: ci fighting the Enemy : However he built two Forts, one at: Sheevfute, and iincthcr at Pechyp- ' ' ' ' Jute 4i8 T7;fHisTORY ^/New-England. CIi. x. j,.„ofc:te Fnll-t where lie put part of his Army into 1688 Winter Qi-iarters, and marched back with the ^^ refl to Bcjlon. T H L Englijh Court had now changed their Meafurcs with regard to the Dijjenters iVom the Eltablilhcd Chnrcii ; tlie King nad publiflied a Declaration for Liberty of Confcience to all his Subjects, he Iiad difpcnccd with the penal Laws and Tell, and admitted Pcrfons of :t]l Perfwa- fions in Religion to Places ot Proht and TrufI:, that by this Means he might the more ealily introduce Popery and Arbitrary Power ; for tho' there migiit be three or four Proreilanr Dif- fenters in Favour with the King, 'yet it is mani- feft that borh the Court and Army were filled with Roman Catholiclc Officers, who were to be the Tools to enllave a free People ; and how near they were to the accomplifliing their De- figns, our Eiinglijh Hiftorians have informed us at large. I N 'this Situation of APmir . Sir JVtlliam Pl.ips appeared at Court, and ufed all his Intereft for the Service of his Country : He petitioned for the rciloring of tiieir Cnarter ,• but the King replied, A/i\ things Sir William, bnt tb.it. He tlien procured a Patent, conftituting him Hig'h- Sheriff of Nrx-Euglaudy hoping by ihis Means to be capable of fupplying his Country with honefl: Juries. Furnilhcd with tin's C.')mmi(rion, he went in Company w ith Sir ^'hit N.iyhGrrjgh^ to maKc a fccoiid Vi(ir to the lV,eckj and in Jus Return landed at B Jlon about AliJfummer, i6S5. But Sir lV:!Iiam\ Patent was oi ver\ little ufc to him; for the Governor and his Creatures were \o enraged againil him for it, that tliey attempted to afl'alHnate him before his own Door, wnich made him take the firft Opportunity of return- ing to E'2'LulI. The CIi. X. The History of New-Englakd. 429 The Government of Sir Ed?mnd Andros vvas >i«»» indeed become infupportable : He not only co- ^^^^ pied after his Mafter King Jamesy but out-went him j for to all the Miferies that England groan-^ ed under, this was fuperadded in New-Englandy 'The Lofs of their Freeholds. The Gentlemen of the Country made the befl Stand for their Liber- ties they could, they oppofed the arbitrary Pro- ceedings of the Governor by Petitions and Re- monil ranees, and when no Redrcfs was to be expedtcd at Home, they fen: over Mr. Increafe Mather^ Redor of the College, with two other Gentlemen to the Court of England^ with a Petition to the King, praying, 'That the Right they had to their Frei: holds inight be confirmed; and that no Laivs might be made^ or Moneys raifedy lijithcut an Affembly. The King referred them to the Committee for Foreign Plantations, but abfolutely refufed to confent to the lafl Article of raijing Money by an Affembly^ nor duril the Committee fo m.uch as propofe it to him. Things weiit on after this Manner 'till the Aiw^ News of the Prince of Orange's Expedition into ^^^^ England reached Bofton^ which fpread an univer- fal Joy throughout the whole Country. The Governor took all imaginable Care to conceal the Succefs of it from the People ; he imprifoned the Man that brought ever a Copy of the Prince's Declaration, and publiHied a Proclamation re- quiring all Perfons to ufe their bed Endeavours to hinder the Landing of any whom the Prince might fend thither : IBut the Hearts of the Peo-. pie were turned againfl him, his Army deferted him, and his Counfellors began to' tiunk of fhifting for thenifelves, Rumours were ff-read about Town of an intenr'cd Mnlfacre, and fe- veral murthenng Engines were faid to be in the R'fe Frigate, one of the King's Ships then in the Harbour. The People herc-.ipon, both in i OWJl • A-^Q T/;o To^^'"' ^^^^ Country gathered together in Clubs, le'l'j :ind rclblved to ilmd by one another with their *'"*'^ Lives and Fortunes ; the wifcr and more con(i- derace Gentlemen were for letting Things go on in the prefent Courfe, till they iliouid re- ceive Oraers trom EugLiiid how to behave them- fclves, but cue common People, and feveral Gen- tlemen who were animated witii a Zeal tor the Recovery ot their ancient Liberties, refolved to follow the Example ot England^ and put an End to the arbitrary Government they had To lon^ groaned under: Accordingly on the i8:h of Afril, i68<;, about 8 a-Clock in the Morning a Report was raifed at the South End of the Town of E^flori', that at tb.e North End the People were all in Arms^ and the like Report \vas at the North End, with refpect to the South ; w hereupon Capt. George was immediately feized, and about 9 a-Clock the Drums beat through the Town, and an Enlign was fet up upon the Beacon ; then Mr. Bradfi-reet^ Mr. Dantfon, Major Richards, Dr. Cook^ and Mr. Ad- diiigtoiiy were conducted to the Council-Houfej by a Company of Soldiers under the Command of Capt. Hill : In the mean while the People feized upon Jullice BuU'rjMit^ Juftice Fvxcroft, Mr. Ran- dolfy Sheriff SherLcky Capt. Razoifcrofty Captain IVhitCy Fiirewell, Broadvcnty Craffoyd^ La; kin, Smith, and feveral others, and put them into Goal ; they likewife turn'd out Meny the Goal- Keeper, and put Scates the Brick-layer into his Place. About Noon the toilowing MeHage was fcnt by Mr. Oli'-je}- and Mr. Eyret to Sir Edmund Addrofsy wiio kept himfelf flint up in the Fort. At Ch.x. The History of New-England. 431 At the TotOiZ'Houfe in BoRonj April 18, i6S^. i^s* S I R, *^ /^ URSELVKS and many Others the In- V^ '' habitants of this Town, and the ** Places adjacent, being furprized with the " People's fudden taking of' Arms; in the firfi: " Motion whereof we were wholly ignorant, *' being driven by the prefent Accident, are ne- *' ceiTitated to acquaint your Excellency, that •' for the quieting and fecuring of the People *' inhabiting in this Country from the imminent *^ Dangers they many Ways lie open and ex- " pofed to, and tendring your ov, n Safety, we ^' judge it neceflary that you forthwith furrerder *' and deliver up the Government and Fortifi- " cations to be preferved and difpofed acccrd- " ing to Order and Diredion from the Crown *' oF England^ which fuddenly is expeded may " arrive ; promifing all Security from Violence ** to yourfelf, or any of your Gentlemen or " Soldiers in Perfon ard Eftate : O cherw ife *' we are ailiired they will endeavour the tak- " ing of the Fortification by Storm, if any '* Oppofition be made. To Sir Edmond And ROSS, Knt. Wuite Wimhrop, EUjha Ccok, Simon Bradflreety Ifuac Addi}igton^ JViliiam Stoughton, *John Nelfin, Samuel Shrimptcn^ Adam TVinthrop^ Bartholanev: Gidiiey. Peter Sergeant ^ IViliiam Broiua^ Jchn Fijlery 'Tb.mas Da}2forthy Da-jid JVaterbcafe. Ji/jfi Richards, Sir ijp T/;^HisTORY^/ New-England. Ch.x. flainrs pre- *' fcntly Hllcd all the Country; while in the *' mea!i Time neith.er the Honour nor tlic Trea- *' furc of the King \sas at all advanced by thi« " new Model of our Alfairs, but a coiiliderablc " C harge added unto tlic Crown. " IV'. In little more than half a Year wc faw " ti is Comminii')n fu[x.Tled'.d by another yet ^ more abfohite and arbitrary, u irh wiiicii Sir " RJmcuii And.ofs arri\ed as our Govcrnour : ** Who belides his Pc^.v.er, with the Advice and " Confcnt of his Council, to mikc La\Ks and •*■ laifj Taxes as he pleafcd. h.ad alfo Aurl-»ority *' by himfelf to mufter J^n^, employ ail Pcrfons i^' Ch. X. . The History ^/'New-England* 45 5 " refiding in the Territory as Occafion fhail ^/«„^ " ferve ; and to transfer fuch Forces to any ]^ *' Englijh Plantation in America, as Occafiop ** lliall require. And feveral Companies of Sol- ** diers were now brought from Europe to fup- *' port wJiat was to be impofed upon us, not *' without repeated Menaces, tliat Tome Hun- *' dreds more were intended for us. " V. The Government was no fconer in thefe *' yi^vids,, but Care was tak<:n to Joad Prefer- ^^ ments principally upon fuch Men as were ** Strangers to, and Haters of the People : And *' every one's Obfervation hath noted, what *' Qiialifications recommended a Man to pub- ** iici{ OfFices aixl Employments, only here and *' there a good Man was ufed, where others *^ could not eaiily be had ; the Governour him- "^^ ielf, with Aiiertions ik)w and then falling from *^ him, made us jealous that it would be thought *' for his Majefly^s Intereft, ii this People wero " removed, and another fucceeded in their ^'' Room : And his £ir-fctch'd Iiaftrum.ents that ** were growing rich among us, would gravely '^^ inform tis, that it was not for his Majefty's ''^ Intereft that we ilioukl thrive. But of ali **' our Opfareilbi's we were chiefly fqucez'd by "■^ a Crew of abject Perfons, fctt:li'd from New^ *' Tori, to be the Tools of the Adve-rfar)-, fland* ^ ing at our Right-Hand ; by thefe were ex- ■** traordinary and intolernbk Fees ej^tortCvd from ^* every one upon all Occaiions, without any *' Rules but thcfe of tlielr infatial>le Avarice *' and Beggr^.ry ; and even the Probate of a *• Will muft now cofi as many Pounds perhaps " as it did Shillings heretofore ; nor could a ■"** fmall Volum.e contain the other IIlegalit:-es *' done by thefe Horfe-Leeghes in the tv.o or '' three Years that they have been fucking of us ; *" :and what Laws they made, it v as as impof- F f i " iible 4j6 r/;^ History ^/Niw-England. Cli. x. Anno " il'ole for us to know, as dangerous for us to \^ " break * ; but we fli;iil leave the Men oi Ipfwkh ** and of Plimouth (among others) to tell the " Story of the Kindnefs winch has been fliewn " tliem upon this Account. Doubdefs a Land " fo ruled as once N^ix^'EugLind was, has not ** without many Fears and Sigiis beheld the " Wicked walldng on every Side, and the vilefl " Men exalted. " VI. It was now plainly aflirmed, both by *' fonie in open Council, and by the fame in " private Converfe, that the People in Ncdi- *' Engloid were all Slaves, and the only Dirfe- *' rence between them and Slaves is their not *' being bought and fold ; and it was a Maxim " delivered in open Court unto us by one of the " Council, That ne mufl mt think the Privileges *' of Englifb Men ivonLl fillow m to the end of *' the Ml; Id : Accordingly we have been treated " with multiplied Co'itradidtions to Magna " Charta, the Rights of v. hich we lafd Claim " unto. Pjrfons who did but peaceably object •* againfl the railing of I'axes without an Af- " feinbly, have been for it fined, fomc twenty, *' fome thirty, and others Eizy Pounds. Pack'd " and pick'd Juries have been very common '' Things among us, when, under a pretended " Form of Law, the Trouble of fome honel^ and *^ worthy Men has been aimed ar: But when " fomc of tliis Gang Jiave been brought upon *' the Stage for the mod deteftabic Enormities " that e\er the Sun beheld, all Men have with " Admiration ken what Methods have been " taken that they might not be treated accord- *' ing to their Crimes. Without a Verdict, yea * Ui u3Kil j.nthtr fajet th:,» to It yi»teJ, uor f*irly ^tbltJheJL ^ with- Ch. X. The History (?/ New England. 437 ' without a Jury foinetimes have People been ^„„, " fined mod unrighteoufly • and fome not of ^^^9 *^ the meaneft Qiiality have been kept in long *^'^ ^* and clofe Impnionment without any the leaft *' In format] en appearing againfl them, or an " Habeas Corpm avowed unto them. In fliort, *' when our Oppreflbrs have been a h'ttle out of *' Money, "'twas but pretending fome Offence ** to be enquired into, and the mcft innocent of *' Men were continually put unto no fmall Ex- " pence to anfwer the Deiriands of the Officers, *' who muft have Money of them, or a Prifon ** for them, tho' none could accufe them of any " Mifdemeanor. " VII. To plunge the poor People every ** where into deeper Incapacities, there was one " very comprehenlive Abufe given to us ,• Mul- " titudes cf pious and fcber Men through the **^ Land fcrupled the Mode of Sw earing on the *' Book, defiring, that they might fvvear with an " uplifted Hand, agreeable to the ancient Cu- " flom of the Cokny ; and though we think we " can prove, that the Common Law amongft us *^ ( as well as in fom.e other Places under the *' Englijh Crown) not only indulges, but even " commands and enjoins the Rite of lifting the " Hand in Swearing; yet they that had this *' Doubt were ftill put by from ferving upon *' any Juries ; and m^any of them were moft un- ** accountably lined and imprifoned. Thus one *' Grievance is a T'rojan Horfc, in the Belly of *' which it is not eafy to recount how many m- " fufferable Vexations have been contained. " VIII. Becaufe thefe Things could not make " us miferable fifi: enough, there w\as a notable " Difcovery made of Vv.e know not what Flaw " in all our Titles to our Lands ; and though '* belides our Piirchafe of iWttn from the Na- *^ tivesi and befides our ad'ual peaceable un- F f 3 " CJUC-: 43? The History of New-England. Ch. !• Anno '^ qucftioncd PoflefTion ot them tor near threc- i^ '* icorc Years, and bciidcs the Promife of King " Charles the Second, in his Prodamation fcnc •'. over to us in the Year 1683, That no Man *' here jkall receive any Prejudiis, in his Free-hold or *' Efi^^te ; V e had the Grant ot our Lands un- " dcr the Seal of the Council of /V/wo////;, \^hich ** Grant was renewed and conhrmed unto us " by King Charles the Firft, under the Great '* Seal o\ Eiidand; and the General Court, which *^ conlilled of tlie Patentees and their Allociates, *' had ip.ade particular Grants hereof to the fe- *' vcral Towns, (though ^avas now deny'd by *' the Governour, that there was any fuch thing " as a Town) among us; to all which Grants *• the General Court annexed for the further fe- '' curing cf them, a Genoal Jil, publifhed " under the Seal of the Colony^ in tlie Year 1684. ** Yet we were every Day told, T^hat no Man ivas '^ Ouner of a Foot cf Land in uU the Qjlony. Ac- ** cordingly, Writs of //;fr;//7u2 began every where *' to be lerved on People, that afccr all their *' Sweat and their Coft upon their formerly ^' purchafcd Lands, thought themfelves Free- ** hclders of what they had. And the Gover- *•' nour caufed the Lands pertaining to thefc *' and thofe particular Men, to be nieafurcd " out for his Creatures to take Pod'elTion of; '* and tlx right Oxsncrs, tor pulling up the ** Stakes, have palled througii Molcftations e- ** nough to tire all the Patience in the V/orld. *' Thiey are more i\v\n a few, that were by *' Terrors driven to take Patents for ti»eir \.-a.vA% ** at exceffivc Ratcst to fave them from the next ** that might petition for them : And we fear, " tliat the forcing of the Peodc at the Eaftward ** hereunto, gave too mucii Rife to the late un- ** happy Invalion made by the Indians on them, *' Blank patents were got ready for the reft of '' us. Ch. X. i/ff History c/ New-England. 4^9 '' us, to be fold at a Prices, that all the Money j»»» *' and Moveables in the Territory could fcarce i<^«^ ** have paid. And feveral Towns in the Coun- ""^ *^ try had their Commons begg'd by Perfon^ Teven " by fome of the Council themrelvcs) who have *' been encouraged thereunto, by thofe that " fought for Occalions to impoverilli a Land ^' already feekd, meeted cut^ and ti'odden down. " IX. All the Council were not engaged in *' thefe ill Actions, but thofe of them which " were true Lovers of their Country were fcldoni " admitted 10, and feldomer confulted at the '' Debates which produced thefc unrighteous " Things : Care was taken to J^eep them un- '' der Dif advantages ; and the Govo-nour with *' five or fix more, did what they w ould. We '^ bore all thef^, and many more fuch Things, ^* without making any Attempt for any Relief; " only Mr. Mather, purely out of RefpcCl: unto ** his aiRidted Country, undercook a Voyage " into England] which when thefe Men fufped:^ " ed him to be preparing for, they ufed all '' Manner of Crnfc and Rage, not only to in- " terrupt his Voyage, but to ruin his Perfon *' too. Gcd having through many Difficulties " given him to arrive at IVhite-hall, the King, '' more than once or tv/xcc, promifcd him a '• certain Mi^na Clhivta for a fixedy Redrefs of *^ many Things which we v/cre groaning under: " And in tlic mean Time fa id, Th.it our Gove-r- *' nour Jhould he ^rit urJ), t^ f^rhvur the Msti^ '^ fure'i that he v::is upon. Hov^evcr, after this, . *' we were injured in thofe I'cry I'h-ngs which " were complained ot ; and beiides what Wrong *' hach been done in our Civil Concerns, we *' fuppofe tiie Minifl:ers,'and the Churches every ** where have fecn our Sacred Concerns apace ^' t^'^^^Z ^^^^"^ tl)em : How they have bc-^n dif- "' countenanced has hnd a R:om in the ReP^ec- F f 4 " tions 440 T/;^Hi5TojiY^liilc^^c are in equal Danger of being fur- ^* '^ - 1 ' ' V ■ .". t^ pr^/cd \ Ch.x. The History of New-England". 441 •' prized by them, it is high time we fliould be Annm " better guarded, than we are hke to be while J^ " the Government remains in the Hands by r^ " which it had been held of late. Moreover we " have undcrflood (tho"" the Governour has ta- " ken all imaginable Care to keep us all igno- *^' rant thereol) that the Almighty God hath " been pleafed to profper the noble Undertaking *^ of the Prince of Orange^ to prefcrve the Three *' Kingdoms from the Horrible Brinks of Popery " and Slavery, and to bring to a condign Punifh- *^ ment thofe worll of Men, by whom EngUJJj ** Liberties have been deftroy'd ; in compliance " with which glorious A6tion, we ought furely ^' to follow the Patterns which the Nobility, '.^ Gentry and Commonalty in feveral Parts of *' thofe Kingdoms have fet before us, tho^ they *' therein chiefly propofed to prevent what we *^ already endure. XII. *' W E do therefore feize upon the Per- " fons of thofe few ill Men which have been ** (next to our Sins) the grand Authors of our. ^' Miferies ; rcfolving to fecure them, for v/hat " Judice, Orders from his Highnefs, with the *' EngUjh Parliament fliall direft, lefl, 'ere w^e " are aware, we find (what we may fear, being " on all Sides in Danger) our felves to be by *' them given away to a Foreign Power, before " fuch Orders can reach unto us ; for which *^ Orders we now humbly wait. In the mean " time firmly believing,that we have endeavoured ^\ nothing but what meer Duty to God and our, " Country calls for at our Hands : We commit " our Enterprize unto the BlelTmg of Him, who " hears the Cry of. the Opprejfed, and ad vife 'all our *^' Neighbours, for whom we have thus ventured ^[ ourfclve?, to joy n with us in Prayers and all 'f jufl A<^ions for the Defence of the Land. '' x T H 5 442 TAe History ^/New-ExNgl AND. Ch. x. 'Amir, T II B Government being thus tlinblved, the ^^ Gcnticmeii in the Council-Chamber agreed to call a General Aflembly to meet as foon as pof- (ible, and in the mean time took the Govern- ment into their own Hands, under the Charader ot" ACo?nmitte€ of Safety. The AlTcinbly met to- irvards the latter End of Mi)i and after many De- bates \\ hat Form of Government to fct up, they refolved at length to refurriC their Charter, as appears by the following Declaration, publiHicd at Bofton ALiy 24.. 1685). At a Convention of the Reprefentattves of the feveral Towns and Villages of the Maflachufet Colony in Ncw^^Enj- land. *' '\/\r E the Reprcfentatives of the fjveral . Vy '' Towns and Villages of i\\z Miffa- ^* chujtti Colony in New-Englui.ly covwcncl ac <* Bojiony Miy 12, i68y. having fully and Jcli- " berately examined the Minds and InllruCtions " of the feveral Towns belonging to the faid " Colony, do find it to be the General Conient " and Concurrence of our feveral IVns ns to re- •"' allume tiic Government according to Ciiarter- " Rights : Having alfo weighed and conlidCred '^ the Propofiiion.s prefcnted and tendered to us *' by our honourable Governour, Dcpury-Gb- •' vernour and Alfiftants, chofen and fworn A'l'dd *' 1(586, do therefore, with Rcfpeci: to the Di-. ** rections by our fevcril Towns, and in Profc- " cution of our former DjcI:iralion prefcnted, •' declare our Mif .ds and Rcfolutions for the Set- ** tlement of Civil Govcrnmejit amongft us^ ac- ^ cording to Ciiarter-Dircftions : Having feri- *' oully weighed t!ic prel'ent drcumllarxes and * ihattcred Cor.dition this Colony is in. Ch.x. T/;^HisTORY(?/ New-England. 443 " And being tenderly fenfible of the afflid- j^^^ « ing Hand of God which is at prefent upon us ^ ^ " in regard of our Unfettlement and Want of " that Civil Jurifdidion that in former Days we *' have rejoyced in ; and knowing alfo the ear- " neft Deiires and Expedations of the feveral ** Places we belong unto, to receive a comforta- « ble Anfwer and Return in order to their Re- *' inflating and Settlement under their former *' Patent-Rights, that fo they might enjoy Tran- *' quillity, as in former Days and pleafant Years « that are pad. This Colony having lil^ewife " folemnly addreffed themfelves to Almiglity " God by Failing and Prayer, for Pardon of our ** manifold Wildernefs-Provocations, and rello- " ring to us our pleafant Things ; and for Di- *^ re£tion in this prefent Juncture to fuch Me- ** thods and Ways of Settlement of Civil Rule, ** as may mod conduce to his Glory, and the *• Peace, Safety and Profperity of tliis our poor • ♦* diflrefled Land; And taking fignal Notice of. *^ a gracious Anfwer to our Prayers, in the una- *^ nimous Agreement of our feveral Towns and •^ Villages, concurring in their Apprehenfions *' and Defires of the Reviving of our Charter- *' Rights and Privileges, and that wc do again ** fettle upon that firm Foundation that we have *' already built upon, and have iignally obfc^vcd ^' the Prefcnce ct God attending the fame. " W E do therefore fo far pr'ze our former *^ Liberties and Enjoyments both Civil and Sa- ^' cred, as to refolve (by the H^-'lp of God) to " venture our Livesand Eflates for the Reviving *' and Maintaining of them, knowing and bclie- '' ving fuch a Way of Settlement comfortable to ''■'^and fafe for our felves, and corrcfpcndcnt to •' the noble Undertaking of his Royal FligimcfS" *' the Prince of Or^t^gey in the late Settlement ot ^- ^t(fiix^ in the F.enowned EngHjh Nation, ^c, *' whofe :r>9 " whofc anticnt Liberties and Rights in their ]^ " fcveral Cities and Corporations, he hath in- ** vcRcd tliem wiuhal; and (we doiibr nor) will *' encourage a,r.d commend us (in the midd of *' our Opprenion) for imitating fo Noble and *^ Prince-like a Parrern, in ufing all due Means " For the Recovery of what was [o utijuftly and " unreafonably rent out of our Hands. '' The Reafons inducing us to thefc our ** Refolutions prcmifed, are, (i.) " That H is an U.idertakbig allovjed " and aumcnanced by his Royal Hi ghnefs our Re^ noicned Prince^ that we be reinjlated in our Patent- Privileges^ and be found infnch a Method of Go- vcrn7?ient, ace r ding to our antient Cha-rter- Rights^ " 'u.'hich he hath given Pattei-ns of and Direclions to " in the Realm rf England, u'hich Realm we have *^ a Dcpcndance 7'pcn, and /land in fj near a Rela- '* tion to. (2.) " THA T tlm-e is an alfhite Ncceffitv of '^ Settlement cf Civil Groernment amon^fl ourfelvef, " without which we cannot enjoy Peace, Sifety and "^ Tranquillity. (5.) *' That the Dependance and Method of '' S.ttlernent of the fiid Gove-rnment in this prefent " JunSlurey lieth wholly in the Voice of the People. *' Being fcnfible alfo of the great Difad- " vantage and Danger we are all lUy in this pre- " fent Vacancy of Government, fiibjef: to Vio- *' lencc : Like wife underftandlng the great Dif- ** advantacres that Merchants and Traders, and " all honcll Men arc in, of recovering oi their '^ honcft Debts and Dues, whereby they may " maintain their Trading, and approve them- •' fclves fiithful to thofc (not only at home, but in " Foreign Countries) they correfpond withal. _ " W F do tlicrcfore trufc in Almighty God * to carry on and profpcr our Defrres and En- ^ ^^'^dcavours, which God hatli fo far Taccecded. Ch.X. T/;^ Hi STORY of New-England. 445 *' T H fe Reprefentatives of the feveral Towns Antf •Mn the faid Colony, having ierioufly weighed ^ *.^ the fad Circumftances that this our Country *' is at prefent under, do hereby (in behalf of *• our {qi^qs and Country) declare this to be our ." Mind and full "Refolutions (^oy Divine AfTifl:- " ance) to fettle a Government according to }^ Charter-Diredions and our patent-Privileges; " and do hereby declare the Honourable Sim(yn *' Bradflreety Efq; our Governour, Thomas Dan- " fuTthy Efq; Deputy- Gpvernoui^ with the reft of *' the Aififlants choien and fv.orn Amio l6S6, to " be reinftated as formerly, and take the prefent " Care and Condud of this People, together '^ with the Deputies fent from the rcfpcccive ''* Towns of this Colony, according to anticnt *' Cullom, and as need requires ; And that there *' be Ads of Jurifdidion pur forth for the Pre- " fervation cf our Peace, Profperity and Safety.' " Likewife that there be a Choice made of a *' Major-General, for the Regulating of Mili- *' tary Aflxiirs ; and alfo Afliftants for the Supply " of fuch as are w^anting in Government ; and " that this Method of Government may be found " amcngfl us when Order fhall come from the " Higher Powers in England. '^ W E do therefore devolve the full Power of '' Government upon, ard intrufl it in the Hands *' abovefaid, fully confiding in the fliid Honouv- *' able Perfons for* the Ad-tniniftration of Go-- ** "vernment for the enfuing Part cf this Year, *^ 'till a furtiier Choice be m.ade according to *' Charter-Diredion as aforefaid : . But in cafe *' Order from Higher Power from England (up- *' on whoin we have Dependancc) be tranfmit- " ted for any Alteration, then the faid Govern- *' ment thus ccnftltuted do fignifie the fiime to " the refpedivc 7'cwns o't tliis Colony, that fo '' they 446 The History of New-England. Ch. x. JLrnn* " they may be confulted with, in Order to the;r ^*? " Approbation and Compliance. *' Further, We do expect, and /ignify our ** Dclires, (and that according to our feveral In- '' ftrudions from the feveral Towns, whofc Rc- *' prcfentativcs \vc are) that there be an Enlarge- ** mcnt ot' Freemen for the Annual Choice of " Government, and all Votes relating thereun- '* to, and that the Government thus reinftated *' do faithfully endeavour the Confirmation and " Settling of Charter-Privileges. ** A lid we do further declare our high Efleem ** of thofe Honourable and Worthy Gentlemen " who have intervened in an Hour of our greatefl " Extremity and Temptation, and implore Al- *' mighty God to retaliate their great Kindnefs, *' and grant them the BleflTmgs of this and a ** better Life, and hope v e fhall pay all honoura- *' ble and due Refpeds to them, and perform " for them what may be juflly expeded at our '' Hands. " T^H IS we pyefent as a full and filial Decla- " raticii of oar Minds and Votes, expeHing the Con- '* fcrihitivn of our Pejce from the Goz'e-nimcnt thin *' confiitutcd, further depending upon yottr Honoun •' Compliance infucb and no cthrr JVay of Settlement^ " kncwjiig in this ottr Aci we have dif charged our " Confciences to cur Ccwr.try^ contrived the beji Expe- " dient fir the pi-efeht Settlcmem^ and mujl leave it " to your Hinmrs Deftly if any evil Occmrence jhall " for the future happen to this t^ountry by )Our Nnn- *' Compliance with ;;<. Ununimoully voted bv ihc Rcprcfcnta- tivcs convened at Bofl'n.Miy 24. i/Sy. Ehnezer Prottty Cicvk ro rhe Rcprcfcnrivcsu Ch.x. Ti&e History qf New-England; 447 'Tis hard to determine whether the AlTembly ji,^ was right in this Vote ; if indeed their Charter l^ had been taken from them without Form of Law they might have refumed it, as the Colonies of ConneBicut and Rhode-Iftand did, but when after a legal Tryal Judgment had been given sgainft them 'm the Court of Chancery, none but die Highefi Powers in - the Nation could reverfe it, which certainly were not the Affembly at Bofion^ but the Parliament of England, 'Tis certain the Majfachufet' Province had hard Meafure in the Lofs of their Charter, and harder yet, in not having it reftored at the Revolution, but whether they were in the Right in attempting to do themfelves Juflice before they had tried all Me- thods for a legal Recovery of their Charter, is what I will not venture to affirm : Kor was the Afiembly itfelf fully flitisfied with their own Vote, for when the Anniverfary Election of Ma- giftrates for the following Year cam.e about, they had not the Courage to proceed to a Choice, but agreed to let I'hings continue as they were 'till they fliould receive Diredions from the King and Qiieen of England. 1 N this uncertain State of Things the People imagined the Government to be difiblved, and that there was no legal Authority to puniili them tor their Crimes, wnich gave Occafion to innu- merable Difcrder.s the Mo^ met togerher in a riotous and tumultuous Manner, plundering the Favourers of the late Government, and commit- ting Robberies in divers Places,- the poor In-- dian Converts could liardly efcape their Infults, lor a Party of Englijh attempting to carry off fomc Sheep from a little Illand near Mr.nhas Viiteyardy in the Policllion of the Lidi^iu Converts^ imder Pretence of their being ftolc from them ; the Inhabitants drove them oir the IHand, and to prevent any falfe Impreilions that the Goverix)ur mi sat '448 r^f History ^/New-England. Ch. ^, Ar.no mighc receive from the Rejj'rt of this ScufHc ; l^ the Sachem font him the folbwing handfomc Manififlo, « O E V E R A L of your Eiigiijh have been on my V^ " Wand, :lnd would have forcibly taken " bneep from thence, and we ai*e much threa- " ten'a therewith : I am doubtful, if they pcr- " fifl: in that Refolution it may occiilion Blood- " Jhed. You know, that \s hiie your Grandfather •* and my Father lived there never happened *' any Difference in fuch Things, nor hope wil! ** be Occalion given by me. I delire the fame " Amity may be continued : Nor can the; *' Englijh fiiy that we have nor manixflcd out *' Allegiance to the King by a continued Sub- " jection. '' And although "tis true, we have defired '' your Order fhould come to us, rather than " your OfHccr, which has generoufly been ob- '' lerved, yet we are willing, in Cafe the £;/- " ^//y^ pretend any Thing curs have injured *' them in, let an Ofliccr by Writ fi'om Au- ** thority do his Duty, then we fhall Jmow how *' in an orderly Way to be relieved : Ye: fhall ** the leafl: Bov bringing ycur Order, as in your " Grandi'acher's Time comm::!id any Tning. " And if you fee Gaufe on any Complaint about " our Sheep, you may command all of them< ** hoping to (\nd^ as hitherto, a Dcciilon by tlic *• Rules gf Juftice. We hope, wc fliall not kt *' (as is too much practifed m other Places) an ** Englijh Man preter.ding an Lidian to be irl *^ his Debt, to come to our Houfcs and pay " himfclf ; or in other Cafes beat our People, *' but as hitherto, we may ha\c equal Jufticc, *' being the King's Subjects; and Violei^e and ** Riot committed o\\ our People by the EiJglljht ** may be etteemcd oi the fame Nature and '' Qiia- l6Sv Ch. X. The History of New-England, 449 " Qiiality, as ours againft them,- of which, A *' with the Jultices, wc pray you would coniidcr *' and take ciied:ual Care/'' But at length a Letter arrived from the King and Qiieen ot" Edgland, hearing Date Au- gufi the i2tn, i68p j wherein tneir MajefHes vere pleaied to teitity their Allowance and Ap- probation of their late Proceedings, and to au- thorize the prefent Magiftrates to continue the Adminiftration of the publick Affairs, ^tiil their Majefties with the Advice of their Privy Couh- cil, Ihould fettle them upon fuch a Baiis, as might fatisfy all their Subjects in that Colo!i}\ Some Time before this. Sir TVilliajn Phips re~ turned to New-Englayid by Advice of fome of the Lords of the Council^ who thought him ca- pable of doing his Country Service in this Crifis of their Affairs, but betore he left London a Mef- fenger from King James oftcrcd him the Govern- ment of Nd-cj-Englandy • which he generoufly re- fufed, and chofe to come over without any Character, rather than accept of a Cvmrniffion from a Prince who had fo notoricuOy invaded the Rights of his Subjeas. Sir Willium found his Country in the ucmoft Confufion y the Go- vernment being in a Manner diffolved, and the Indians at the fame Time invading the Fron- tiers : The new Government had tried feveral Methods for renewing tlie Peace ; they applied to one of the great Sacheuts oi the Eait, and engaged him with a Sum of Money to employ his Intcrcfls to bring the Lidiuns to a Treaty, but indcad of being a Mediator, w^hen he had got his Money he became a Party, and put himfclf at the Head of the Enemy : C:iptain Greenkaf was fent to treat with the Indians of Penacook, and to perfvvade them by ail the Pro- mifes of Kindiicf:,- and Civility to live in Peace; G s ' hdz 450 The History of New-England. Ch. x. ji^r.o but as foon as he was gone they jo) ned the In- 16S9 dians ot SacOj and aiHiLeci them in the Attack ot the Garrilon ot QuLchecho, which they furprized by the Treachery ot Mefandoiiit^ a Stgamorey whom Major IValderen the Govcrnour had en- tercain'd th.at Niciht in his Houfe as a Friend. The Indiiiiis lay. in Ambufli in the neighbouring IVoods all Night, and about break of Day, Me- fandouit opciiing the Gates, they ruflicd in upon the iecurc Garrilon, killed the Mojor and twen- ty two of his Men, burn'd four or five of the beft Houfes, and carried away 29 People into Captivity; in their Retreat they killed Mr. Broughmi, but Mr. Emme-rjon Minifler of Ber- ijcicky by rcfuiing to lodge with the Major that Night, though very mucii prefs'd to it, had a remarkable Deliverance. As foon as the Government were informed of this Adion, they ordered Captain Noyes with a ftrong Party to march to Peuacook-i and drive the hidiiVis out of that Part of the Country ; but they (lived him the Trouble, for having llain fe- veral Perfons at an Out-Farm on the iW^/;-lide of ]\I(r,'i?nack-K'\\xVy they retired into the IVoods y and left the open Country to his Mercy ; the Captain cut down all tlieir Corn, burned their Wig-wiimsy and laid their Plantation defolate. Captain lllmal with a fmall Party marched from Pljlataqua, as far as JVinmp}Jfeag~P }uby aiid killed one or two of the Enemy, but four young Men of SacOy who were to have joy ned him, going into the IVcods to te'jcii tlvcir Horfcs fell into an Ambuil), and were killed ; as foon as they were miffing, 24 armed Men went out to look after them, and had a brisk Skirmilh with the Enemy in the IVoods, but venturing too far, they were furrcunded by a vaft Body of /:- diiVfis, and forced to retire with the Lois ot five cr i]\ of thiCir Company. Immediately after this f o\- £h.x. The HisroKY of New-England. 451 lowed the Lofs of the Fort and Garrlfon of Aixtjo Pemmaquid, by the following Accident : Ouq Mr. Jf^ Starky travelling early in the Morning, on the fecond of Augujl from Pcmmaquid-F.n co New- Harbour^ happened to fall into the Hands of the Indians^ who to fave his Lite and recover his Liberty, informed them, that Pemmaquid-Fun at that Time had but a very fmall Garrifun in it, Mr. Giles with 14 Men being gone out to his Farm, and feverai others abroad upon their private Occaiions ,* the Lidians hereupon divided their Forces into two Parts, one oF which went up to the iv2//f, and killed Mr. 'Giles and nis Men at his Farm ; the other immediately inveiled the Fort, and from a high Rock which overlooked it,^ gauled the Belieged fo miferably, as obliged them to furrender the next Morning, only upon Condition of Liberty ; but the Indians broke the Capitulation, and butchered the greatefl Part of the Garrlfon : Capt. Weems the Governour was difabled by the blowing up of fome Gunpowder by Accident in his Face ,• Captain Skinner and Captain Faraham who were abroad, attempting to get into the Fort from an Ifland about half a Mile oft w^ere both fiain, as they landed upon the Rocks, and Mr. Pattejhall who lay witlf his Sloop^ in the Barbican Vv^as taken and fUviri ; thefe Loifes caufed the Lihabitarirs of Sbeepfcoat and Kennehunk to abandon thofe Places, and retire to Fahnouth^ as did feverai other Planters in other Parts of the Eaft. The Flame of War fpreading thus into the Heart cf the Country, and the French engaging openly in it, fince the late Revolution ; ^twas Time for the Government to think of railing all the; Forces they could, in Order to bring it to a fpeedy iQlie ; the Aliffachujei-Colony therefore fent out [even oi* eight Companies under the Command of Major S^ojayne^ who were joyned G g i b/ 452 T/;^ History d)/ New-England. Ch.t. Aitno by a Part} c»t* Englijh and Lidian Converts from plimoiith Colony, under the Command ot Major Chunh ; but the Contulion ot the Pubiick Aftairs, occalioncd by the late Change ot' the Govern- ment, not furtering them to march out 'till the latter End of Au^ufty they did nothing confidera- ble in the Field : Belides, their Motions were difcover'd to the Enemy by fume Ltdian Auxi- liaries, who being fent out witli Lieutenant Flag to get Intelligence of the Enemy, confulted together in their own Language at IVinnopiJfeagj and obliging the Lieutenant to return with but two Lidiansy 19 of them (laid in thofe Parts 11 Days witliout an Edgajhuan m their Company ; in which Time they found out the Enemy, lay with them two Nights, and told them every thing they knew of tke Nunibers, Motions and Deligns of the EngUlh : Upon which they retired into their inaccefllblc Woods and Swamps, and appeared no more m a Body while the Army was in thofe Parts ; wliich was not very long, for when they had garrifoned Wells, Tcrkj Biriuick^ QuccheJ)o^ and fomc other Frontier Places, they returned. "y n E Indians how ever did a great deal of Mifchief by their flying Parties. A Body of them lying hid in the Woods took Notice how many Men belonged to Lieutenant Huchiiis\ Garrifon, and feeing them all go out to their daily Work, they intercepted them in their Re- turn, and put 17 of them, wliich was all but one, to the Sword. They then attacked the Fort, in which were only two Boys and fomc Women and Children : The Boys defended them- fclves with great Bravery, wounding fevcral of the Indiansy 'till they found out a Way to fet hrc to the Fort, and even then they would not fur- render but upon Condition of their Lives, which tho' thefe inhuman Wretches folcmnlv promifed, yet Ch.x. jT/^^History^?/ New-England. 255 yet they killed three or four of the Chil- Ann» dren and one of the Boys, the other having i^ the good Fortune to make his Efcape. About the fame Time another Party of them aflaulted Cafco, killed Captain Bracket, and had put the whole Town to the Sword, if Captain H.tl/ had not come in the very Nick oi Time to their Reliefs who, after a warm Engagement of fe- vcral Hours, wherein he loft 10 or 12 of his Men, put them to flight. The Englijh Garrifons thinking themfelves fecure from the Enemy while the Country was covered with Frofl: and Snow, negleded their Guard, and allowed the Soldiers to mind their private Affairs ,• but the French and Indians made their Advantage of the hard Wearlier, and in the Beginning of Ftbruary made a Defcent from Canada upon a Dutch l^own called Sche^eHada in the Province of Neyj-Tork, killed 60 of the In- habitants, and carried away 30 into Captivity. On the 1 8 th of Alrrch they made another De- fcent upon Sahnon Falls under the Command of Monfieur Artell a Frenchnan^ and one Hoophood a Leader of the Hurons : They burnt the greateft Part of the Town, killed 50 Perfons, and took 50 Prifoners. The neighbouring Garrifons be- ing alarmed with this, rallied their Forces, and purfued the Enemy with 140 Men; but after fome fmall Skirmiihes, wherein the Lofs was pretty equal on both Sides, tUey were forced to return. Hard was the Fate of thofe poor Wretches that fell into the Hands of thefe barbarous Sa- vages ; as the Reader will fee by tlie following Relations taken from the Mouths of fome * who were afterwards redeemed out of Captivity. * Mather, Book VII. p. 69, G g 3 Among w^ 4^4 T/;^HisTORY of New-England^ CIi. x. Anno Among the Prilbntrs taken at S.ilmon Falls was I'JS? <3ne Robert Rogers^ a corpulent Man, who being ^ tired with travelling unucr an infupportablc Bur- then v^hich the Indians laid upon his Back, watched his Opportunity, ar,d run away : As foon as he vsas mifTing iiis Mafters went in pur- fuit ot* iiim, and tracking him by the Snow found him hid in an hollow I'rec. When they had pulled him down they ftrlpt him and beat him, and then pricked him forwards with the Points of ihcir Sxvords 'till they brought him back to th? Place from whence h^ had deferted. It being then almod Night, they t)\i him to a Tree with his Hands behind him 'till they had rcfr^Hi'd themfeives, after which they cut down a Parcel of Fire-Wood, and bringing it into a plain Place laid it round the Trunk of a fmall red Oak- Tree; They then bid the Prifoner take Leave of his Friends; and having allowed hmi a few Minutes for his Prayers, fney bound him to the Stake, the reil: of tiic Prifoners being placed at fome Dift.ince round about the Stake ty'd Arm to Arm. Fire was tiien put to the Wood, w hich was at fuch a Diftancc as only to roaft him. When tl:e Criminal was almoll: futibcated they pulled back the Fire and gave him Air, and to add to his Torment they cut oft Slices ot his Flcfii and threw them in i»is Face. Tnus was he fry'd to Death with a ilow Fire, tiie Indians all the while dancing rouixi about him, and en- deavouring to drown his Shrieks with their bar- barous Hccpings. When he was dead they Jeft him bound 'to the S.akc, in which Pofture the Englijh lound the Body next Day, and bellowed a Funeral upon it. RO G ERS's Ca{c may, perhaps, be thought pccurp.r, becaufe he was a Defcrtcr ; I ut it was flic conllant Fr::(fti«c of the Indians n;y£tnp their Prifoners, allowing them neither Stock- inns Ch. X. r/^f* History (j/New-England. 455 ings nor Shoes, but only a flight Blanket to Xm* cover their Nakednefs, except in the Winter, ^^^^ when they were fometimes favoured with a Pair of Leather-Stockings to keep their Feet from perifliing with the Cold. They made them carry all their Baggage, feeding them with no other Provifion than Ground-Nuts, Acorns, Purflain, Hogvveed, Weeds, Roots, and fometimes Dogs- flefh, and of this no more than was juft fufficicnt to keep Soul and Body together. They obliged them to travel in thefe Circumflances about 20 or 30 Miles a Day, and \i any of them tired, or could not travel their Pace, it was their ccnflant Praftice to flrike their Hatchets into their Brains. They had no Regard either to Sex or Age ; for Mar^ FergufoUy who was taken Captive at the fame time, and afterwards redeemed, decla- red that her Companion, a young Maid of about i^ or 16 Years of Age, had a heavy Burthen laid upon her Back, which ftie carried as long as file could fland under it ,• but at laft, burfting out into Tears, and crying fhe was able to go no further, her Indian Mailer took her afide into the Bufhes, cut off her Head, and carried about the Scalp in Triumph. James Key, a Child of 5 Years of Age, was taken at the fame Time, and fell to the Share of Hoopjjood, who obfcrving him to cry for the Lofs of his Parents, bound him to a Tree and whipt him unmercifully *till he was all over of gore Blood from Head to Foot : The Child continuing Hill to Sf^ con- trafted a Sorenefs in one of his Eyes, at which his Matter being enraged, thru 11:' his Thumb into it, and forced it out of his Head ; telling him at the fame Time, that if he did not leave crying he would ferve the other fo too : But a- bcut ten Days after, the Child being tired, and not capable of travelling (o fail as he would have ir, he buried the Blade of his Hatchet in G g 4 it« 45^ T^f History c?/ New-England. CIi.x. Jfin9 irs Brains, and then chopped its Body into fmall ' j^^9 Pieces, and threw it into tiic River. Happy ' vcre thofe Captives that teil to the Lot of the Frc/ich; for tho they were forced to travel bare- toot thro' Frofl and Sr.ow, above loo Miles to Ciinada^ yet when they came thither tht-y were 11 fed like Pri Toners ot War, and taken care of till they were exchanged, ^/...j* T H E Government of Nevj-England in this ^^^. Exigency of their Affairs publifhcd a Proclama- tion for Reformation of Manners, dated March 1'^^ i68iP-po. wherein it was ordered, '' That " the Law s of the Colony againfl Vice^ and all *' Sorts of D^l^ducho') and Pr. phanenefi be put in " Execution , particularly the Laws againft *' Blafphemy, G.rf.ngy frophane Svcearivgy Lyings *' unluTvjul Gawing^ Sabbath-brcakingy Idlenefs^ *' Drunkcnncfs^ Unclccinnefs^ and all the Entice- *' menrs ana Nurfcrics of fuch Impieties : And " as all Perfons are hereby warned to avoid '* thofe Vices, fo all inferior Ofuccrs are en- ** joynpd to perform iheir Duty \n hnding and " briiiglng out Onenders agalnft the aforefald " Laws. 'Tis funher dellrcd, that all the Mi- ** niflcrs of God, w ill to ti e pubiick Reading ct *' this Proclamation, adjoyn tlicir own fervent *' Labours ; not only in rebuking thefe Evils, "• but nlfo to w Itncfs ngaind more fpiricurl Sins, *' which fall not [o much under the Cognisance o( " human Laws, as Unbelief y Wuydlinef<^ Hocfy^ '' Fk(4l JVrath, Strife, Eir.}, and the Negle:i"cf " Ptmik irurjhip. H-.e Churches are likewiie *' ndvifed to reljcd feriouily and frequently on ** tlieir Covenant's to lhar',Kn their Difcipliiic ** agalnfl thofe that walk diforderl), and to com- " pofc all Dili'erences and Contentions among ** themfclvc*;. Furthermore 'tis expcaed, that ** the fcvcral Towns vithin this Jurlfdidion do ** fpccdily iumiili thcmftlvcs with Schools tor '' the Ch.x. The History of New-England. 457 *' the good Education of Youth, and take fpecial Anm *' Care to avoid Fadions and Q;iarrels in their i^ ** I'own- Affairs. All Plantations are (Iridly " commanded not to continue any longer vvith- " out a Miniflry among them. And finally, All " the People are advertifed, that if they do not *' obferve thefe Rules, they may exped that God " will punilh them yet feven times more for their *' Iniquities ; but ii they obferve them, it will give " a greater Profpedof Profperity than can arife " from the beft Councils and biggeft Armies. Days of folemn Falling and Humilia- tion were frequently obferved throughout the whole Province for a BlelTing upon their Arms, and feveral Councils were held at the fame Time to confider of the State of the War, and concert proper Meafures for carrying it on with Succefs. It was generally agreed, That fince the French had joyned openly with the Indians in making War upon the Englijhy the greateft Dan- ger was from them-i for the Indians were a con- temptible Body of themfelvcs ; but as they were inftruded in the Arts of War, and fupplied with all w^arlike Stores by the F/enchj they were ca- pable of doing a great deal of Mifchief^ and might in time become very formidable. Sir H^illiam Phips therefore formed a Projed to drive the French out of their Settlements in L'Acndiey fince known by the Name of New-Scotland; which the General Court of the Majfachufets having approved, immediately ordered 700 Men to be put on Board a fmall Fleet of Ships under his Command for the Expedition. L'Acadie, or Nova Scotia, is Part of the Terra Canadenjis ; it lies from 43 to 5 1 Degrees of North Latitude, and from the River of *S*^ Croix in Norembegica to the great River of Canada ; has always 200 Leagues of Coafl, but was never much inhabited by the Indians themfclves. The Bounds 458 77;^HisTORyr)/ New-England. Ch.x. Ar.v.% Bounds of this Province are the Atlantkk Ocean i^ to the North, Breton Iflund and the Bay of St. Law fence to the Eait, Cnuda to the V/cfl, and New- England to the South. When Sir Fe-rdinando Gorges was Prcfidcnt oF the New-England Com- pany, he propofcd to Sir IVilliam Alexande-i-, one of the Secretaries of State for Scotland^ and af- terwards Earl of Sterlings the procuring a parti- cular Patent tor this Country ; which Sir IViuiamy being in hivour with King jamei I. caiiiyobtiin- ed ; it bears Date September 10, 1611, The next Year Sir IViliiam nnd fome others who were concerned with him attempted to make a Settlement, but not being able to perfect their Dciign, it lay waflc 'till the Year 1662^ when the French took Poifeffion of it, and fortified thcmfclves at Port-Royal on the North Side of Funda-Bayy in 45 Degrees North Latitude. 'I'hc Englijh had fo little an Opinion of this Territory that they abandoned it to the French by X.\\c Trea%' of Breda in the Year 1667, and never attempted to recover it 'till this time, when they began to apprehend the Danger ot tlic Neighbourhood of fo potent an Enemy. Monlieur Mcneval was now Govemour of the Province, who had built a little Fort at Port- Royal for the Security of the Plantations along the Coafl, where the Inhabitants drove a confi- derable Trade in Lumber, Fifliing and Furs, and w ere encrcafed to the Number oi 6 or 7000 Souls. S i R JVilliam Phips failed with his Fleet from Nimafcot on the 28th of April i5po, and on the nth c( Alay arrived before Purt- Royal. 'Twas then but a fmnll 'J'own, defended with nothing hut fingle Palifadoe^ but is fincc pretty much enlarged and fortified. It lies in the Latitude of 45 Degrees and 40 Minutes, upon tl^.e Edge or a Bail 11 a League broad and tv.o Leagues Jong, having tl the Entry i6 or 18 Fathom Water Ch. X. Tk History of New-England^ 45-^ Water on one Side, and <5 or 7 on the other. An^ The Garrifon not being provided for a Defence, ]^2 furrendred after a fhort Refiflancc, upon Condi- '^'^ tion of a fafc Condud to Canada. Sir William took Pofleflion of the Country in the Name of King IVilliam and Qtieen Mavy^ and having de- moiiflied the Fort, fent away the 'French Garrifon according to the Articles of Capitulation, and adminiftred an Oath of Allegiance to the King and Qiieen of England to all that (laid behind, over whom he placed a Governour, and then returned. In his Way home he deftroyed ano- ther French Settlement at St. 'Johns River on the South Side of Funda Bay, and arrived at Bofton the 30th of May. The EngliJJ) kept PoflelTion of this Country 'till the Peace of Ryfioick, in the Year 1697, when it was reilored to the French; but by the Treaty of Utrecht it was yielded to the EngUfi Crown for ever, and Port-Royal changed its Name into Annapolis- Royal, The Succefs of this Expedition encouraged the Government of Neu^-England to attempt the Conqueft of all Canada ; where the French had made fuch great Settlements, as were like to prove a terrible Thorn in the Sides of the Coun- try. Canada, according to the French Account of it, contains a Trad of Land of almoft 2000 Miles in Length, and 840 in Breadth, (ituate between the 39th and 6$th Degrees of North Latitude; but this Account takes in Acadia, Newfoundland and Terra de Lahorador, which belong now to the EngUjh. The French took Polleffion of it in the Beginning: of the iaft Century, and made Settlements at Quebec, Montreal, and other Places upon the Banks of the Great River of St. Laivrence ; but the moft confiderable Place for Strength is Quebec, which is divided into the Upper and Lower City ; 'tis com- a6o T/'e History (?/New-En'gland. Ch.x. jlnt^ commanded by a Caftic whicli ftands on an 1690 Eminence. There arc fi\c Churches in the High City ,* and a Carliedral, wliich confifts of a Biftiop and 12 Prebendaries, wlio live together in the Chapter-Houfc, the Architecture otwhicli is truly wondcrFul ; but the City has neither Key nor Fortification. This Place Sir JVilUam Phips vas fent to reduce with a Fleet of 32 Sail of Ships, bchdcs Tenders, on Board of which were 2000 Men. The Fleet was divided into three Squadrons; the fir ft confided of 13 Sail, under the Command of Capt. Gregory Sugars, Ad- miral, who hoilled his Flag on Board the Six Friends, a Ship of 44 Guns; the fecond confiftcd of 9 Sail, under the Command of Vice- Admiral Gilbert, on Board the Szcan ; and the third of 9, under the Command of Rear- Admiral Ehiridge^ on Board the America Merchant. The whole Fleet fet fail from Hull Augufl the 9th ; but by rcafon of hard Weather and contrary Winds, did rot come within Sight of Q^ubec 'till the 5th of Ochber ; a fad Time of Year to begin an Attempt of this Nature. ItAvas agreed before Sir Jf^il- Ham left Boflon, that while he attacked Quebec by Sea, an Army confifting of 1000 Men from . the Weftcrn Plantations of Neva-Tork, Albany and Conueciicut, w ith i yoo Lidians^ fliould miarch over Land and befiege Mont Red at the fame Time, that the French might be obliged to divide their Forces for the Defence of both Places : But when the Englijh had march'd as far as the great Lake of Canada^ not finding Canoes to carry them over, nor the J.idians ready to joyn them according to Promife, they returned home ; by which Means Count Frontennc had an Opportu- nity of recalling his Detachments, and drawing together the \\ hole Strength of the Colony for the Defence of Quebec. On Ch. X. r/)^ History of New-England. '461 O N the 6th of OBuber Sir William fent the ^^ following Summons to Count Frontenac in Wri- t^ ting. Sir William Phips, Kt. General and Commander in Chief y in and over their MajeJHes Forces 0/* New- England by Ssa and Land^ To Count Frontenac, Lieutenant General and Go-- vernmir fcr the French King at Canada ,• w in Abfence, to his Deputy, or him cr them in chief Command at Qiiebec. <« rp! H E War between the Two Crowns of JL '' England and France does not only " fufficlentty warrant, but the Deilru(5tion made '* by the French and Indians under your Com- " mand and Encouragement upon the Perfons^ " and Eflates of their Majelties Subjeds of " New-England, without Provocation on their " Part, hath put them under the Neceffity of *' this Expedition, for their own Security and '' Satisfadion. And altho' the Cruelties and '' Barbarities ufcd againft them by the French '' and Indians might upon the prefent Opportu- *' niry prompt to a fevere Revenge, yet being '' defirous to avoid all Inhumanity and unchri- " flianlike Actions, and to prevent fhedding of ** Blood as much as may be , I the faid Sir WH- *' Ham Phips, Kt. do hereby, in the Name and " on the Behalf cf their mo'fi Excellent Mujefties '^ IViUiam and Mar\\ King and Qiicen of En- " gJandy Scotland, France and Ireland, Defenders '^ cf the Faith, and by Order cf their faid Ma- " jellies Governiricnt of th.c Mijfachifct Colony ** m- New -Engl and, demand a prefent Surrender *' of your Forts and Caflles, and the King's and ^^ other Stores uncmbczzell'd, witli a feafonablc '' Delivery of ail Cuptivc^, together with a Sur- •* render 46i r/y^HisTORY f?/ New-England. CIi. x. ^Hm ^ render ot all your Perfons and Eilatcs to my JJ^o u Diipofe ; upon the doing whereof you may " expect Mercy trom me, as a Chriitian, ac- *^ cording to what ihall be found for their Ma- " jefty^s Service, and the Subjects Security, ^* which if you refufe forthwith to do, I am *' come provided, and am refolved by the Help " of God, in whom I trufl, by Force of Arms *' to revenge all Wrongs and Injuries olier'd, *' and bring you under Subjoaion to tne Crown ** of Etigland, and when too late make you wifh ** you had accepted of the Favour tendred. " Your Anfwer pofitive in an Hour, returned " by your own Trumpet, with the Return of " mine is required upon the Peril that will " enfue. The OlTIcer that brought the Summons was conduced to the Governour's Chamber blind- fold, who upon hearing the Letter was (o en- raged, that he ordered the Captain of his Guards to ered a Gibbet before the Fort to hang him, and he had certainly done it, if the Bifliop had not interceeded for him ; for the Governour looked upon them as Pyrates, bec.iufe they had no Commiflion, as he faid, from the True and Rightful King of England; but at laft, being appeas'd by his Officers, he fcnt back the Ma- jor with the following Haughty and Infolent Anfwer. •* rj^ HAT Sir IViUivn plips and thofe witli 1 *' him were Hercticks, and Traitors to ** their King, and had taken up with that ** Ufurpef the Prince of Orange^ and had made •* a Revolution^ which it it had not been made, " Neui-EngLind and the Fren.h had been all one ; ** and that no other Anfwer ^^•as to be expected frjm Ch.x. T/'^HisTOR-y (?/ New-England* 46 j " from him, but what Hiould be from the Mouth An^ ^' of his Cannon. !f ^ O N the 7th of Olhher Sir William attempted to put his Land-Force's afhore, but the Weather proving very tempeftuous, it could not be done "till the next Day, when 1400 of them under the Command of General WaUey^ landed about a League and a half from the Town ; the Enemy made a brisk Fire upon them at their firfl Land- ing, but as foon as the Forlorn were got afiiore, and had formed themfelves, they retreated. The French fay, they retreated with no other Defign than to draw the Englifi into an Ambufcade, for having pofted their Confe derate" Sewages^ with 200 Forrefl- Rangers and 50 Officers in a Coffe of thick Brambles half a League from the Landing- Place, they drew them into ir, and having made a general Difcharge, they lay flat on the Ground while they received the Enemy^s Fire, after which they fprung up, and drawing into Knots here and there repeated their Fire with fuch Succefs, that the Englijh fell into Confufion, and retreated with the Lofs of 300 Men dead on the Spot, without any other Lofs on their Side, than 10 Forreft-Rangers, 4 Officers, and 2 Savages^ Next Day the Englijh landed 4 Pieces ot Brafs Cannon mounted like Field-Pieces, and made a frefli Attempt to force their PafTage through the Copfe by the Help of their Artillery, but were repuls'd again with the Lcfs of 2 or 300 Men, the French on their Side loling but 40, amongft whom was Monfieur St. Hde?ie^ who died of a Wound in his Leg. This fccond V^idory ani- mated them fo much, that they purfued the Englijh to their very Camp, and lay all Night within Sight of it, defigning to attack it by break of Day, it they had not (ci\Qi\ them the Trouble, by embarking about Midnight with fuch Hafie and Confusion, that they loft 50 Men 464 T/;*? History c/New-ExNgland. CIi.x. Ann* ^^" ^^ ^^^y ^^""^ g^^^^^g ^"^0 ^^c^*^ Boats. The 1(^90 French cont'cfs, than there was no want of Bra- very in tlie Soldiers^ but impute their lil Sue- cefs to their Unacquaintednefs with Military Diicipline, to their being enfeebled by the Fa- tigues of the Sea, and to the ill Conduct of Sir JVilliarn Phips, who upon this Entcrprize could not have done the Ffench greater Service, it he had been hir'd to fland Itiil with hi^ Hands in hjs Pocket. But its plain Sir IViUiam did his Duty better than IVaUey, ior it having been agreed in a Coun- cil of War, held on board the Admiral before their Landing, that IVrMey with his Land-Forces Ihould attack the Town on the Eaft-lide, while Sir ll^llliam battered it witii liis Ships on the Weft. Sir William accordingly brought his Ships to bear, and battered the 'lown all Night, and Part of the next Day ; but wondring that he could fee no Signal of an Action aOiore, he fcnt to enquire into the Condition oi the Army, and v/as informed that Wdlley durll not venture with- in Sight of the Town, having been alfurcd by a /vf/;c/; Defertcr, that QowyViFrontenac had 333>i Men with him in Garrifon, and was* prepared to give them a warm Reception. 'Tis certain the Army was grown very licKly, fome being ill of the Small-Pox, and others alinoic frozen i^ Death with the Cold ; which made Sir JViUidm order them on board again, rcfolving to land them in the P'acc of the Town under the Shelter of his own Cannon i but before that could be done, a violent Storm arofc, and feparated the Fleet, and the Cold became {o extrcam, that it was tiiought impoifible to continue any lunger in thole Pares ; fo after an Exchange of Pri foners on both Sides, they weighed Anchor, and returned home. S 1 R iViliuim Phipi with the greatell Part oi the Fleet arrived at Bojion^ Nr^smbo' the i;^th, but Ch. X. The History of New-England. 465 but fome of the Ships were driven by contrary ^^"» Winds as tar as the Summer Illands, and three [^ or tour of them loft ; Captain Rdinsford'mWis Brigantine with Sixty Men being fcparated from the Fleer, ft ruck upon the de folate Ifland of Aritecofia, near the Mouth of Canada River, Oihler the 28th, and had but juft Time enough to land his Provifions before the Veftel funk ; The Captain and his Men finding they were like to winter upon the Ifland, built a Store- houfe and nine little Hutts to fhelter them from the Cold with the Planks of the Wreck ; but their Provifions were fo fhoi*t, that they agreed each Man's Allowance per Week to be no more than two Biskets, half a Pound of Pork, half a Pound of Flower, one Pint and a quarter of Peafc, and two Salt-filh. It w^as not long before the difmal EfFeds of Hunger and Cold began to appear among them, for on the 20th of Decern- her their Docior dyed, and after him 30 or 40 in a few Weeks ; and though they were all con- vinced of the NeceiTity of keeping to their Al- lovvance, unlefs they would at laft eat one ano- ther, yet their Stcre-Houfs was frequently broke open ; an Irijh Man once got to the Provifions, and eat no lefs than iS Bislcets, which fwelled him to fuch a Degree, that he was forced to have his Belly ftroked, and bathed before the Fire, to prevent its burfting ; for wiiich the Vil- lain deferved, I am fure, to be hanged, if hs was not. On the 2>th of March five of tha Ccm.pany refolved to venture out to Sea in their SkitF, which they lengthen'd out (o far as to make a Sort of Cabbin for two or three Men, and having got a little Sail, they fnipp'd their Share of Provifions on board, and fteered away icr Boflon-y it was the 9th of Mzj/ before thefe poor Wretches arrived there, through a Tfiou- fand Dangers, fronx the Sea aiid the Ice, and 466 The HrsTORY of New-En^gland. Ch. x. Anno aimed quite flarved with Hurgcr and Cold ; l^ upon their Arrival, a Vcilcl was immediately difpatchcd av. ay to the liland ; which in a few Weeks brought oft' their Friends who were left behind. Such was the melancholy Ccnclufion of the C.'J/^i^/<7-ExpcditIon, which coil Nrj^-Enilwd i\\Q Lives ot IO03 Men, and above ij^oiso I. in Mor.ey, a Sum which muft have infillibly ru- ined them, if the AffetMy had not palP d an A^ for the raifii'g it within a certain Number of Years, and in the mean Tim.e iflued out Bills of Credit, which palled currently among the People. VV H I L E thefc Things were doing in the Wcfl^ the War was carried on Vvitli Vigour in the Eafl. About the beginnir.g of Miy 4 or J05 Indians and French crcfs'd the Bay of Cafco in their dimes, and lay coixealed in the tVoodsy watching an Opportunity to furprize tlie Town. The Inhabitants Imew it, and were upon their Guard, but none of them appearing fcr 3 or 4 Days together, Lieutenant CLirk with 50 flout young Men, refolvcd to venture out and lock for the Encm.y ; the JVood lay upon a riling Ground about half a Mile from the Town, at the E'^d of a Lane fenced on each Side, with a Bl ck-Houfe at the End of it ; the Engl'ifi were afraid of the Enemy's lying in Ambufcade behind the Fence, but they ran up to it w ith a bold Huzza, when the Enemy being prepared to receive them, made fuch a terrible Fire as killed the Lieute- nant and 13 of his Men at one Difcharge ; they purfued the red back to the Town, which the Inhabitants defended as long as their Ammuni- tion lafted, and then retired by the Advantage of the Niglit into the Fort] the Bcliegers burnt the Town immediately, and having begun to under- mine the Walls of the Fort, the Garrifon furren- der'd Ch. X. The History (^fNEW-ENGLANDr 467 der'd upon Condition of being fafeJy conduced Aunt to the 110,^1 Englijh Garrifon ; but the French ]^ brcke the Capitulation, and made them Prifoners cf IVar, under Pretence of their being Rebels to their Lawful King, and taking up Arms for the Prince o^ Orange. Tiie Go-vertiour Major Davis ^aud fome of his Men were fent to Quebec, but the reil were murder'd by the Savages. The Fate of Cafco made the fmaller Garri- fons of Papoodack^ Sptirwinky Black-Point and Blue- Point draw off immediately w'ithout Orders to Saco, which was 20 Miles within CafcOy and a few Days after they retired 20 Miles farther to U'^ells, and frightned that Garrifon fo much, that half of them deferted, and fled as far as Lieute- nant Storers. Plo^ehood the Captain of the Hu- rons purfued them, and deftroyed all the open Country ; he burnt feveral Houfes at Berwicky tilled 13 or i ^ 'Men at Fox-Pointy and carried off 6 Prifoners j but meeting with Capt. Floyd and Capt. Creenleaf, they routed his Party, wounded Hvpehood himfelfi and made him retire to a greater Diftance. After this he marched with his Party Weft ward, with a Defign to draw the AquadoEla-Indians to joyn him ; but a Party of French- Indiayis m.eeting him by the Way fell upon him by Miilake, and in their blind Fury killed him and almoft all his Company. At Spruce-Creek an Old Man was killed, and a Wo- man carried into Captivity. On the 4th o^Julyy a Party of Indians furprized and killed 8 or 9 Perfons working in a Field on the Banks ot Lam- pareel-KiYcr^ and carried a Lad into Captivity ; all the open Country was fo infefted with Parties of the Enemy at this Time, that it was hardly fafe for a Man to ilir out of his Houfe, or follow his Bufinefs in the Field j a Council of War was therefore called at Port [mouthy which ordered Captain WtfwJ and Captain Floyd with a large ■ ' ■ H h 2 Body 468 The History of Ntw-ENCL and. Ch. x. j^nm Body of Men to fcOur the IVocds as far as Cifco, J^9o They marched out of QHuhi::ho on the 4th of ^u^ ^^ I) with above loo Men, and on the 6th came up with a large Party of the Enemy at IVhtelvjyight^ Pond. It was obfcrved, that there were fevcral Freud) Soldiers mix'd with thefe Indians to dif- cipline and inftrudt them in a regular Way of Fighting. The Engagement lafted feveral Hours, but Victory declared at la(i for the Enemy ; Cap- tain IF/fwelj Lieutenant Fla^^ Serjeant IVulker^ with 15 oi their Men were killed, and a great many more wounded ; when lVifu:el fell, Cap- tain Floyd retreated with the Remainder of the Army in the beft Manner he could, leaving his wounded Men behind him, but next Morning Captain Connjen witii 10 Men being fent out to- wards the Place of Battle, found feven of the wounded Englijh yet alive, and brought them back to the Camp. The Indians fluflied with this Victory made a Defccnt upon Amesbury^ fur- prized Captain Foot, and tortured him to Death ; but the Townfmen takinti the Alarm, fecured themfelvcs in their Port-, howxver the Enemy killed three Perfons, burnt three or four Houfcs, deliroyed their Cattle, and then retired. The refolute Behaviour of the Indians in the late Adion under French Difciplinc, ftruck fuch ii Terror into the Englijht as made them rcfolvc never to hazard an Engagement for the future with fuch unequal Numbers ; Mnjor Church was therefore fent by Sea with ^06 effcdive Men, in the begi]ining of Seft.viber, to fecure the Fron- tiers ; he landed in the Night m Ctifto-Ba), and marched directly to Pechypfot an Indian-Fort, .which lie found deferred; from whence he went to Amonojlcygin' Forty 40 Miles up the River, but ^gamcus the Commander with the grcatefl: Part ^^r the Garrifon were fled : however, he burned .t;Tic Forty killed to Indians that were in it, axvA re leafed Ch. X. The History c/ New-England. 469 releafed 7 EngliJJ) Captives : After this, the ^„„, Major fcoured the neighbouring Woods, and i<^i?o jhen returned to Cafco. where Mr. Antony Bracket "^^ vdio had run away from the Enemy had the good Fortune to joyn him ; from Cafco they w^enc to Winter-Harbour, where a fmall Party failing up the River met with a Company of Mankeen- In- dians whom they put to Flight, and recovered an EngliJJ) Prifoner, who informed them, that the Savages had agreed to rendezvous upon Pechypfct- Plain, in Order to attack the Town of Weils/, upon this the Army reimbark'd for Cnfco-Bay, and dividing themfelvcs into three Bodies wait- ed for the "Enemy on Pec/jypjct- Plain ; but the Indians were too wife to hazard a Battle, but contented themifelves with harralfmg the Forces, and cutting off the Straglers ; the Army there- fore broke up, and returned to Cafco-Eay, Sep- ieinber the lotU, where ^\t Plimoruh-lslQn ven- turing to lye afliore at a fmall Village, called Macquoit, without fetting a Watch at the Door of their Lodging, were deftroyed in the Night. The Major after this feparated his Forces, and put them all into Winter-Qiiarters, except 100 Men, who were left w^ith Capt. Conveys and Playftead, to fcour the Woods^ and prevent Sur- prizals from an Enemy, who rarely anr^oyed them any other Way. The Affairs of the Country were now at a very low Ebb, through the Loffes and Pifap- pointments of the laft Campaign j for tho* they had conquered Acadia, the Canada-'ErK^^dviioUy and the ill Succefs of their Arms upon their Frontiers, had cxhaufled their bcft Blood and I'reafure ; befides the Government itfelf was unfettled, and the People ready to mutiny on the Account of their heavy Taxes ; when in a happy Juncture, a Party o Iidians came to Wf^Jis with a Flag of Truce, and propufed a Ceffation of H h 3 ' "' Arms 47© The HisTOHY of New-England. Ch. x. Ann* Arms for fix Months ; Ad\icc of which bc- l^ ing immediately Tent to Eo/Iin, Major Hutchin- Jon aifd Captain Tcu^nfend were difpatch'd away to jo) n tlie ConimilTioners at IVeiis^ in Order to bring this AlFair to an Iflue ; they met the In- dians by Appointment at S'lgademorey Nrjemher the 23 d, and on the 2p:h ligr.cd Articles for a Ceilaticn 'till the fird: of May^ by whicli they engagcci, " Not to do any Injury to the Per- ** fons or Eflates of the Englijij in any of the " Eiiglijh Colonies 'till that Time; to give timely *^ Notice of any Plots which they might know " the FiCiich had laid againft them ; and on the " faid firll of May to bring into Stcrer's Garri- *' fon at TT'ells all the Englijh Captives in their *' Hands, and there treat of a perpetual Peace." This Inflrument was figned by the Englijh Com- miflioners on the one Hand, and by Edgeremet and five Segamores or Noblemen on tlie other. Ten Englijh Captives were releafed by this Treaty, among whom was Mrs. Hall, whom the Indians would ^3i\n have detained, becaufe being able to write well, file fcrved them in Q^ia- lity of a Secretary; and Nathaniel IVhitCy whom the barbarous Wretches had already tied to a Stake, cut ofi' one of his Ears, and made him eat it raw, and were going to roafl the reft of him alive. And thus the Indian War ceafed du- ring th.c Wir.ter of the Year i5>^o. T H E Beginning of this Year, or tire latter End of thc'lafl, died old Mr. Jolm Elict, the Apofile of the Indians : He was born in the Year 1^04, and educated at Cambridge ; but his Pa- rents dying before J^e had perfeded iiis Studies, he was obliged to leave the UnivcrHty and be- come Ufhcr to Mr. Ilo.kcr, a filenccd N.nccyfv' mift Minificr, at little BaddiW in EJfex. He came over to Nen-- England in the Year i6^^y end jcyned'himfclf to *Mr. Ji^tljons Church at Bj/icn^ Ch. X. The History of New-England. 471 Boflon^ amongll whom he preached occafionally Xvm for foiTie I'ime : But the next Year, feveral of 1^93 his old Acquaintance coming ovxr, lie fettled ^""^ with them at Roxhry, about a Mile from Bijjlon^ aiid continued in the Exercifc of the Paftoral Office among them aln^.oft 60 Years. His inde- fatigable Pains and Labours in converting the Indians are known to all the World, and the Rea- der has had fome Account oF them in the Courfe of this Hiilory. This Part of his Work was his greatefl: Delight ; and tho' he travelled conftant- \y among the Indians once a Fortnight, yet he did not neglcd his Duty ar RoKhury. Me was a Man of great Piety and Zeal for Religion, and yet of univcrfal Love and Charity to all Men. When' he was in a Manner quite decayed with Age, being ask'd how lie did ? he reply ''d, Alas I have loft every thing ; ',ny Under ft anding leaves me, my Memory fails ?rie^ my Utterance fails me, hut I thank God my Charity holds out ft ill; I find that rather _,-- grows than fails. He v^as a good Scholar, efpecially in the Languages^ and orjC that would never al- low himfelf to be idle. He had gained the Af- fections of the //z.//^« Converts by his Affability and good Nature to fuch a Degree, that they would run all Hazards to ferve jjim ; and his Name is flill mentioned by them with Honour. He lived till he was quite worn out ; and ufed to lay merrily, T^hat his old Acquaintance had been gone to Heaven Jo long before hini, that he zvas afraid they would think he was gone the wrong Way becaufe he ftaid fo long behind. But at laft, after a Life ct great Lab.)ur and Ufcfulnefs, he died in Peace at his Houie at Rosbury, in the 86th Year of his Age. wM Chap. i\72 TAt'HisTORY ^/ New-Englakd. Ch.xi. Chap. XL Sir William Phips returns to England^ antl joins -with the New-England Jge?its at the Court of King William and Queen Mary in foUiciting the ReJIora- tton of their Charter. They obtain a JS'ew One^ not fo agreeable to the Peo- ple as their Old 0?ie. Sir William Phips appointed Governour. The War renewed. The Memorable Siege of Wells. Mr. Increafe I\hther created Do&or of Divinity. Pemiiiaquid Fort hnilt. A Peace concluded with the Indians. I R JViiliam phips having rcfreflicd him-Tclt a few Weeks at Home, ahcr his utifortunare Expedition to Canadii-, embarlvcd for Engla»dy and arrived at JVhite-hall in the Very Depth of Winter ; the Rea'on of his un- dertaliinf: liiis Voyage was to fclHcit Succours ior another Expcditicn to- Cauada^ the Con-- •■- • " • Q'left Ch.xi. The History of New-England. 4*75 queft of which he apprehended nex:eflary to Annt the Safety of his Country ; and to induce ^^^i the King to come into his Meafures he hum- ^^^ bly offered to his Majefty the following Confi- derations. '* Firfl, That it was for the Interefl of " the Englijh Crown and Nation, becaufc there- .^' by, they would not only cngrofs the Bea- *' ver Trade, but fecure the Hudfons Bay Com- " pany, fome of whofe Fadories had lately ," fallen into the Hands of the French ; it would *' 'likewife encreafe the Englijh Shipping, by " gaining the Fifhery of Newfoundland ; and *' confequentiy diminifh the Number of French ^' Seamen, and cut orf a great Revenue from ^ that Crown. " Secondly^, That the Mifcarriage of the " late Expedition was not owing to the Diffi" " cuky of the Enterprize,- but to their waiting " for Supplies of Ammunition trpm England " till Augufi; to their long Paffage up the Ri- " ver, together with the cold Weather^s coming " in, and the Small-pox and Fevei', being in " the Army and Fleet, which obliged them to " return home ,• but if they could have ftaid " fourteen Days longer, he does not doubt but " they might have taken Qj^iebecj the Strength " of the French being fmaiJ, and the Planters *^ defirous to to be under the Englijh Govern- " ment. " "Thirdly^ That the Jefuits endeavour to •' draw the Maquas and other Indians into " their Intereft, by fuggefting the Greatnefs of ^' King Z«u7>, and the Inability of King Wit- " Ham to do any thing againft the French in " thofe Parts, which in I'ime of War would *•' not only be prejudicial to Nev:-Englandy but ^' ro all our Anierkan Plantations. But 474- T/;^ History (?f New-England. Ch. xi. Avnt But the French War lay fo heavy on tlie '^^» King at this '1 imc, that he was obh'ecd to dc- ^'^ icr the Confidcration ot Sir IVi/liam 5 Petition for tiic prcicnt, Hi.s Majefty having need of all the Men and Monc) he could raifc for the Defence of his own Kingdoms. S I R JVil^iam being thus detained in E'lg- land employed his Intereft among tiic Courti- ers, in Conjunction with the Nevj-E'iigland Agents to obtain the relloring of their Char- ter. The Rev. Mr. Licreafe Mather, Rcdor ot HiirVivd College, had been at Court in the Year 1688, and laid before King ya?>ies a Re- prefentation of their Grievances, which the King promifed in part to redrefs, but was pre- vented by the Revolution. When the Prince and Princefs of Oya}2ge w ere fetlcd onthe Throne, he with tb.c Reft of the Ne-jc-Englaud Agents addrefs'd their Majeftics for tne reftoring of their Charter, and applied to tiie Convention Parliament, who received a Bill for this Pur- pofe, and pafs'd it in the lower Houfe ; bur that Parliament being foon atter dillblvcd, the Bill was loft. The weighty and imjx)rtant Affairs of Ea- rope requiring his Majefty's Prcfence in H.Uandy the New England Agents were forced to deter their Applications for their Charter till his Ma- jefty's Return. Thus the Bulinefs ilept for about a Year,- when the Agents agreed among them- felvcs, inftcad oi .-uidreinng the King for the reftoring their old Charter, to petition his Ma- jefty tor a new One, with more ample Privileges; but bef(nc they could obtain an Anfwi^r the King v.ent to IhlliUul nj^^ain, and rctcrr'd them to his Council for the Dcterm.ination of their Aftair in his Abfcncc. 'I1ic Agents meeting \Mth fo fnany Difappointments from the Courtiers, and fcciii'g no Lnd of their Aftairs, at laft waited o\\ the Ch.xi. W^" History ^/N£\v-Engl AND. 475 the Queen herfelf to aflure her Ma jelly " of the Ann* *' Ducy and Loyalty of her Nevj England Sub- ^^ *' jecls, and of the great Hardfliips they had ** fufter'd for their being fo ; and to befeech her " Majefty, that fince the King upon his going " to Holland had referred the Nev^ Englijh Affair " to the two Lord Chief Juftices, witn the At- '' tcrney and Solicitor General, that what they " thought reafonable might be confirmed to « them. '' The Queen reply'd, '' That die Re- " queft was reafonable ; that flic had fpoken di- " vers Times to the King on the Behalf of Neio " England \ and that for her own Part, flie de- *^ fired that th» People there might not only have " Juftice, but Favour done them. "" They waited likev>dre upon moil of the Lords of his Majefty ^s moft honourable Privy-Council, with a Paper of Reafons for the Conhrniation of the Charter Privileges granted to the Majfachufet Colony ; but all their Applications were ineffec- tual : Some Perfons about the King had given his Majefty fuch ill Imprefllons of the Religion and Loyalty of his New England Subjefts, that there was Reafon to fear the^ would never obtain any Charter at all. The Agents however pur- fued their Bufinefs with unwearied Application, and improved all their Intereft in Court and City to accomplifn it. I T being whifper'd at Court that the King would certainly nominate a Governour for Nevj England before his going to Holland^ the Agents fearing he might appoint one that was rot agree- able to the Country, obtained an Audience of his Majefty by the Favour of the Duke of Dc- 'vonfim-e^ Ap'il 2S, i<5pi, wherein Mr. Mather humbly prayM his Majefty ^s Favour to New En- gland in rcftoring their old Charter Privileges; adding at the fame time thcfe Words : Sir, ^yonr ^iibjeBs fbcre have been willing to venture their Lives 47^ The History of New-England. Ch. xi^ A>in9 to enlarge your Doyninions : T'hii Rsf edition to Ca* ]i^ nada v^as a great and nobU Underttikiug. May it pica I e your Alajefly in your great JVijdom alfo to coiijidir the Cinumjlances of that Pejpk^ as in your IVifdojn you have confidcred the Ciramijlances of England and of Scotland. In New England they diffrr Jrofn other Plantations ; they are called Congre- gational and Presbjterian ; fo that fuel) a Grjermur %vill not fuit ivith the Pe^^ple of New England, as ma) be very proper fcr other Englifli Plantations. V w o Days after this the King enquired, vhcthcr without Breach of Law he migiit ap- point a Governour over NewEngland? To which the Lord Chiet" Judice, and fomc^other Lords of the Council, anlw er'd, That -uihateve-r /night be the Ahrits of the C^ufe, in as much as the Charter of New England y?rto^ vacated by a 'Judgment againft tLem^ it was in ihe King's Power to put them under ^^hat Form of Governjncnt he fbould think Left for them. The King reply'd, He believed then it -xould be for the Advantage of the People of that Colony to ie under a Governour appointed by himftlf; never- thelefsy becaufi of ivhat Air. Mather had fpoken to him, he ivould confent that the A^'^ents of New En- gland Jhould nominate fnch a Perfjn as jhould be a- greeable to the Inclinations of the People there, but notwithfianding this, he WJuld have Charter Privileges rejlored and confiymed to them. The iicxt D.iy the King went to HjUandy and left Orders with his Attorney General to draw up a Draught of a Charter, according to his Majcfty's Mind exprcf- fed in Council, to be ready for him to fign at his Return. The Attorney prcfentcd his Draught to the Council-Board June the 8th, which was rejec:ted, and a new One ordered to be drawn up, which deprived the People of Nfx England ot fevcral clfential Privileges contained in their former Ciiartcr. Mr. Mather in his great Zeal i)roccftcd againft it ^ but was told, that the A- crents Ch.xi. T/;^HrsTORY ^ New-England. 477 gents of New England were not Plenipotentiaries Affno trom a Sovereign State, and therefore mufl Tub- ^^ init to the King's Pleafure. The Agents having obtained a Copy of this new Charter, fent over their Objections againft it to the King in Flanders, praying that certain Claufes which they pointed out to his Majefty in their Petition might be altered : And the Qiieen herfelf with her own Royal Hand wrote to the King, that the Charter of New England might either pafs as it was drawn by the Attorney General at tirft, or be deferred till his Return. But after all, it was his Majefty's Pleafure that the Charter of New England ihould run in the main Points according to the fecond Draught; and all that the Agents could do, was to get two or three Articles, which they appre- hended to be for the Good of their Country, added to it. The Expeclations of the People of Nrjj En- gland were very much difappointed by this new Charter, and their Agents were cenfured as Men not very well skilled in the Intrigues of a Court. It was thought, that if they had apply'd them- felves to proper Perfons, and in a right Way, they might have made better Terms for their Country ; but they aded in the Uprightnefs of their Hearts, tho' the Succefs did not anfwer their Expectations. It was debated among them whether they fliould accept of the newCharter,or ftand a Trial at Law, for rever/ing the Judgment ngainft their Old one ; but upon Advice of feme of the beft Politicians and Lawyers, the Ma- jority refolved to acquiefce in the King's Plea- ilire, and accept of what was now offered them, for the following Reafons. Firfl^ Because if they fliould refufc this Charter, i\\o Kiiig might poiTibly carry his Re- fentments fo high, as never to offer them another 47? T/;^ History^/ New-England. Ch. xi. Anr.Q another, which v.culd be the Ruin ot" their i^ Country. Secondly^ Because a Submitting to this new Charter was no Surrender ot the old One, tho' the Judgment againfl the old Charter {landing upon Record in the Court of Chancery, the Patent was thereby annildlated. Thirdly^ Because all Attempts to have the "ludgment againft the Old Ciiarter reversed would be altogether in vain, in the prefent Situation of Attairs. Fourthly^ Because the Old Charter was m the Opinion oF Perfons learned in the Law , dc- fedive, as to feveral Powers which are abfulutcly neceiVary tor the Subliilance of the Plantation ; for Example, It gave the Government no more Power than every Corporation in £«^Az/;J has : Power in capital Cafes was not CAprelicd in it : It mentioned no Houfe of Deputies, or Aflcm- bly of Rcprefentatives : The Government had thereby no Legal Power to impulc Taxes on the Inhabitants that were not Freemen, nor to ered Courts of Admiralty : So that if the Judgment againfl: this Charter fliould be reversed, yet if the Government of NiTJ^-England lliould exercife the fame Powers as they had done before the Qlio IVurra'nto^ a new Writ of Scire facias might undoubtedly be ifldcd out againft them. Be- fides, if the Old Charter fliould be reftored without a Grant of fomc other Advantages, the Country would be very much incommoded, becaufe the Provirxcs of Alain and Ilampjhire would have been taken from the MajfacJyifetSy and Plirmuth would have been annexed !:o Nr^- Torky \\ hereby the Maifachufct Colony would have been very much ftreightned, and have made a very mean Figure^ both as to its Trade and In- fluence. F.fthl], Ch. xi. The History of New-England. 479 Fifthly^ Because the New Charter grants Ann^ a great many Privileges to New-England^ which ^ it iiad not before ; the Colony is now made a Province, and the General Court, has with the King's Approbation, as much Power in Nevj- England^ as the King and Parliament have in England. They have all Englifi Liberties, and can be touched by no Law, by no Tax, but of their own making. All the Liberties of their Religion are for ever fecured, and their I'itles to their Lands, once for want of fome ' Forms of Legal Conveyance contefted, are now confirmed to them for ever. If an ill Governour Ihould happen to be impofed upon them, he could do them no Hurt except they themfelves are acceflary to it ; for he can neither make a Councellor, Judge, Juflice of the Peace, nor fo much as a Sheriff^ v/ithout their Confent. Upon thefe Confiderations the Agents thought it their Duty to accept of the new Charter, and return his Majefty their Thanks for it ; tho' it muft be confefled, the Form of Government was very much altered by it, and feveral ample Privileges, which before were in the Hands of the People, were now referv'd to the Crown. For Example: I N this Charter the Nomination and Confli- tution of the Governour, Lieutenant-Governour, Secretary, and all Officers of the Admiralty, is wholly referved to the Crown. The Power of the Militia is wholly in the Hands of his Majefty's Governour, as Captain General. All Judges, and Juftices of a Superior and Liferior Order, and Sherilfs, to whom the Exe- cution of the Laws are entrullcd, are nominated and appointed by the Governour, with the Ad- vice and Confent of his Majcfty's fcouncil. 4S0 27;^ History ^New-Enqland. Ch. xi. ^„/;o T H H Governour has a Negative upon all l^ Laws, Elections, and Acts of Government, ot* the General Allcmbly and Council. All Laws enacted by tlic General AHemblv, and approved of by the Governour^ arc to be tranfmitccd Home tor the Royal Approbation ; and it difallowed within the Space of tiiree Years, to be utterly void. T u h new Charter having pafs'd the Seals, his Majefly was pleas'd out of his great Goodnefs, and to keep the Ne-jj Englmd Agents in Hu- mour, to compliment them for the Hrft Tune with the Nomination of their own Governour, defiring them to fix on fuch an one as would be acceptable to their Country. The Agents, attcr mature Confultation among themfelves, agreed to name Sir William Pbips ; and being introdu- ced to the King by the Earl of Nittingbamy Mr. Mather made the following Speech : SIR, '' T D o in the Behalf of N^ 484 The UiSTOKY ;curiions of the Sa- vages from the Woods. T H r s was the State of the W^ir when the Governour Sir IViilium Pbips arrived at Ne'vas built of Stone in a * App4nd{x Numb. ir. Ch.xi. The History of New-England^ 489 quadrangular Figure, being about 737 Foot in Anna Compafs without the outer Wall, and 108 Foot Jf^J fquare within the inner One j it had 28 Port- holes eight Foot from the Ground, and 14 Guns mounted, w^ hereof lix were 18 Pounders: The South Wall facing the Sea was 22 Foot high, and 6 broad ; the round Tower at the Weft End was 2p Foot high, the Eaft Wall was 1 2 Foot high, the North 10, and the Weft 18. The Fore flood about 20 Rod from High-Water Mark, and had a Garrifon of 60 Men for its pefence : It was called by the Name of William Henry ; but the Charge of building and main- taining it, was fuch a Tax upon the Country, and caufed fuch Murmurings among the People, as created Sir William a great many Enemies, and made him fit uneafy in his Government ever after ,• tho' it muft be allowed to be the beft Barrier the Province ever had, and being built in the Heart of the Enemy^'s Country, efFedually broke all their Meafures by preventing their clanning with one another, and lo brought them in a little Time to beg a Peace. While this was doing Major Church marched with a Party of Men to Pemhfcot and took five Indians Prifoners, atter which he ravaged all the Coun- try about Taconet, the Indians having defer ced it, and fet their Fort on Fire. The next Spring Sir William fent 350 Men ^^ to Wells, to reinforce Captain Conveys, to whom he gave a Major's Commiffion, and the Com- mand in Chief of all the Eaftern Garrifons, for his brave Defence of that Place the laft Year. The Major being informed ot a Party of the Enemy that lay lurking in the Woods, fur- prized them all, and put the chief of them to the Sword, by Way of Reprifal for a Fami- ly which they had murdered at Oy/ier River ; from hence he marched with his new Reinforce- ment 49o 77;^HisTORY of New-England. Ch.xi. Jtmk9 ment to Pemmaqtiid^ and failing up Sheepfcute- if^ River, fcowrcd the Woods as tar as Taccnet ; but not meeting with any of the Indians lie re- turned to Saco, and laid the Foundation oFa Fort there; which \sas ^ifierwards hnilhcd by M.j'or Hook and Major Hilly and was ot great Service to the Province. The Indians on the other hand plundered Qimbcag^ afmall Village in tlie Road to Conneclicuty ana carried cit icveral Prifoners ; but tiie neighbouring Towns upon the River, taking the Alarm, fent out a Hying Party of Horle akcr them, who purfuing them by their Track to a great Swamp, difmounted, and leaving their Horfes at the Entrance of the Swamp, furprizcd the iecure Enem\-, recovered the Prifoners, and put moil of the Indians to the Sword, But the low Circumftanccs of the Affairs of the Englipj and Indians at this Time made both Sides incline to a Peace. I'he Englijh Government was weakened, by the Confulions occafioned by pretended Witchcrafts which were ccme to fuch an Height that every one began to fufpeft his Neighbour ; the I'axes were hea- vy, having been mjch encrca.s'd of late, for building and maintaining their new Fort ; and Trade was very much decayed, fo that the Hearts of the People began to tail. The Luliam on t:ie other Hand, were not only defertcd by the French^ who were not capable at this timo of fupplying them with Ammunition and Pro- visions as formerly, but were very much flreight- ncd, by the New For:s ; and which was worft of all, they were aftraid of an Invalioti from the Ma(juas, a formidable Nation inhabiting the Regions towartls the Vvcft, w ho having learn 'd the life of Guas before their Neighbours, are fiid to have dcflroy'd above 2 Millions of Natives in- habiting the Country between them and the River Milh/pfi, Ch.xi. T/;^ Hi sTOR-v ** or any other Indians, and be in no wife mo- " lefted, interrupted, or diflurbed therein. " That all Trade and Commerce which " hereafter may be allowed between the Englijh *' and Indians, fliall be under fuch Management " and Regulation, as may be ftated by an Ad " of the General Affembly, or as the Governor " of the faid Province for the Time being, with '' the Advice and Confent of the Council fhall " fee Caufe to direct and limit. "If any Controverfy or Difference at any " Time hereafter happen to arife between any " of the Englijh and Indians for any real or fup- *' pofed Wrong done on one Side, or the other, " no private Revenge fhall be taken by the In- " dians for the fame, but proper Application ^* fhall be made to their Majefty's Government *' upon the Place for Remedy hereof in a due *' Courfe of Juftice ; we hereby fubmitting our- " felves to be ruled and governed by their Ma- " jefty's Laws, and deiire to have the Benefit of " the fame. "For the more full Manifellation of cur *^ Sincerity and Integrity in all that which we " have herein before covenanted and promifed, t' we do deliver unto Sir IVilIiam Phif^, their " Ma- •■v^ 494 T/?^HisTORY^/ New-England. Ch.xi. JL;.r.o '• Mnjcdy's Governor as aforefaid, Ahajfumba^ ]^ " jmtt Brother to Edgeremetty PVenongal:e\i:itt " Coufin to Aladocka'wando and Edgeremetty and " Biigatd'iiawougi'riy alfo Sheep/coat jfv/j}?, to abide *^ and remain in the Ciiflody ot' the Engli-h^ " where the Governor fhail direct as Hoftagcs *< or Pledges for our Fidelity, and true Perfor- " mancc of all and every the tbregoing Articles, *^ referving Liberry to exchange them in fome ** reafonable I'imc for a like Number to the *' Acceptance of the Governor and Council of " the faid Province, To as they be Perfuns of as " good Account and Eflcem among the Indians, " as thofc which are to be exchanged. In Te- *' ftimony whereof we have hereunto fet our fc- " vcral Marks and Seals the D\y and Year Hrfl " above written. I'he above-written Inflrument was deliberate- ly read over, and the feveral Articles and Claufes thereof interpreted to the Indians, who faid, they well underftood and confented thereunto, and was then (ignedj fcalcd, and delivered in the Prcfencc of us. Edge;emctt^ Mddockawandoy John IVing, IVaJfambomet of Ma'vidg- Nicolas Mannings woiky Benjamin Jack/on. JVembfon of Teconnety in Behalf of Alosis. Keten-amogis of Narndg- •week. Interpreters. Ahanquit of Pencbfcctt, Bomnfcifn^ "John H rnybrccky Nitawemet^ Jchi Bagata-ivini'oi* IVcbencSy goy alias Shcepfcoat- Avjanfmcky 7^/^''- Ri bin Doney^ Phill Ounfakiiy Squa . MadaimthiSy Paqmharet , alias Na- thaniel. Chap. Ch. xii. T/^^Historyo/New-Englakd. 495 Chap. XII. Of thefufpecied Witchcrafts (?/ New-England. The Circumftances of the Afflifted. Tryds of fever d of the AzcukA (viz.) of the Reverend Mr. George Burroughs, Clerk, Bridget Bifliop, and Sufanna Martin, the Number of the Condemned^ and of thofe that were Executed^ with their Djing Be- havionr. Severd of the Accufed ryiaks their Efcape. Indirect Methods ufed t9 pomote Accufations, The Recantation of fome of the Conf effing Witches ; and of ths 'furors, r ^v - E N G L A N D was never In Attno fuch Diftrefs fince the firft J^ !jv.,^. _ ..-/y,-.^y Settlement (( the Englifi in |^;r ;^^^ :i{|^j k, as when Sh' fFii/4r.mPhips IS' W^_ I cntred en his Govtrninent ; fcr the French and Indians v.cre ravnging the Frontiers* V. hilc the Iniiahitants \vcrc -- -'b''^^i5 .;c uiCaicr Icr fii^^cctcd Witchcrafts and Sorceries. Str.mge were the jMiflaLcs that fon^.c 49^ The History of New-England. Ch. xii. A^no ^^^^ of the wifcft and bcft Men in the Country 1C92. committed on this Occalion, whicii mull have been fatal to the whole Province, if God by his Providence had not mercifully interpofed ; but this Affair having been varioully reported to the World, as well as debated with feme Warmth among themfelves : I fliall content myfelf only with relating the feveral Facts, as I find them actefted by good Witneiles, without encring very for into the Merits of the Caufc. 1' H E Diftemper began the latter End of the Year 1691^ in the Family of the Reverend Mr. Paris^ Minifler of S.dem, whofe Daughter and "Nc'ce of about nine and eleven Years of Age began on a fudden to play fome odd Pranks, which neither themfelves nor others could ac- count for, fuch as getting into Holes, creeping under Chairs and Stools, O'c After (oiv.c Time they fell into ConvuKion-Fits, and complained of being bitten and pinched by invifible Agents ; fomecimes they were flruck dumb, their Mouths and all their Limbs being diflorted, in a Manner that moved Compaflion in all that faw them ; a Confultation ot Phyficians being called in to give their Judgments upon this extraordinary Cafe, fome were of Opinion, that they were under an tz'd Tongue^ which prefently f^-jread all over the Town. Mr. Paris himfclf being of this Mind, kept feveral Days of Fafting and Prayer on his Family's Account ; and 'twas obferved, that during the Time of Prayer the Afflitied were very quiet, but in the Intervals of Duty they would fall into Fits, and aft and fpeak very ri- diculoufly : Mr. Pariy had fome Sufpicion of an Indian Man and his Wife that lived in hiS Houfe, who, after fome Severities had been ufcd upon them, confcflcd thus much, Tfjat being coucenied at the Chihlrais Difordcr, and dejircm to know the Caufa of it, they had, accoidmg to an Old Qfjlom, taken CL xii. T/;^ History of New-Engl AND* 497 taken fome of the affli:led Perfins Urine, and mix- Ann4 ing it mitb R)e-Meal, had made a Cake^ and bilked tf?i 7>j to find mtt the Witch.: ImmediMteiy aker this, the Children cr)ed out of the Indian Woman's pinching, pricldng, and tormenting tiiem in an inviiible Manner ; they pretended to fee her when no-body elfe could, my, to tell what (lie \yas doing when out ot Sight : The Children complained likex^ife of two other Women in the- Tow n, Sarah Good a melancholy Perfon, and one OibuYYi who was bed-rid j thefe, with Tituba the Indian Woman, were examined by the Ma- giftrate, and committed ; T'itiiba being frlghrned out of her Wits ccnfelied every thing her Alafler would have her, as, that ilie was a Witch, and that in Conjund:ion with two or three others, whom the Aifiicled had accufed, file had tor- mented the Complainers. "Tituba lay in Prifon 'till the Storm was over, and was then fold for the Payment of her Fees ; but upon her En- largement me declared, That her Mafter had beat her, and other IVays abiifed her, to make her confefs and accufe .(fiuh a6 he called) her Sifter IVitches, and that 'whatfoever [he bad [aid by Way cf con- fejjlng, er aaiijing ethers was the effecl of fuch Ufage. But Tituba had no fjoner confelfed herfelf a V/iich, but fl^e was aiHitod herfelf, and com- plained of her Fellow-Witches tormenting her for her Confeifion ; fcveral others likewife in the Town were taken with Fits, at the fame Time, and complained of Tittiba, and her Confederates tormenting them. From thefe fmall Beginnings the Diftemper fprcad like a peftilential Sicknefs thro' fevcral Parts of the .Province, "till the Pri- (bns were hardly capable to contain the Number ' of tlie A^cuf^'d, Kk 'Tis 4;8 r/^e History c/NeW'Engl AND. Ch. xii. An„» 'Tis a furprizing Account, that Dv. Aldther i^ gives of the Circumfbnccs of thefc aillictcd Per- j'ons ; he fays, * " I'hat their Limbs were hor- " ribly dil^ortcd and convulfed, that they were " pinched black and blue, that Pins were invi- '^ libly run into their Flefh, and that they were *' Icaldcd 'till they had Bliflers raifcd in them. " One of them (fays he) \sas aflaultcd by a " Spedrc with a Spindle in its Hai:d, which *' no-body elfe in the Room could fee, 'till the *' Jljiicied in one ot her Agonies fnatclied it out *' of the Spectre's Hand, and then all the Com- •' pany faw it. Another was haunted by a *• Spectre in an inviiible Sheet ; but the Afflicled *' in one of her Fits, tearing a Piece of it away, ** it became vilible ; fometimes Poifon has been *^ forced on the Afflicled by an inviiible Hand, " which when they have drank they have pre- •' fently fwcUcn, and afterwards been relieved ** by the Medicines ufually given in fuch Cafes ; '^ fometimes they have complained of burning *^ Rags forced into their Mouths, which no- *' body elfe could fee, yet the Burns have re- " maincd on their Mouths afterwards ; fome- *' times they have complained of Irons heating *' in the Fire to brand them, the Marks ot ** which they have carried to their Graves; the '' Spedrcs (fays lie) ufually pcrfonated fome *' Perfons whom the AffliSled knew, ami *' (wh.ich is very (Irange, if true). when they " wounded tlie Spectre, the Pcrfon wiiom tho '^ Spedre reprefentcd w as v\ ounded too : For " Example, one of t!:e afflicted faid, that the *' Spectre that tormented her was D H ** ar.d pointing to a certain Place in the Room, ** flic cried out, there is D H , upon * JA^tliCi, l>09k II, page 4;^ [I which CIi.xH. T/^^ History ^/New-England.^ 499 ** which a Man with his Rapier flruck at the ^»"9 *' Place, and the Afflitied told him, that he had ^ ^* *' given her a fmall Prick about the Eye ; foon *' after which B • H being apprehended, *' confelicd hcrfelf a Witch, and that in troub- *' ling the Girl that had impeached her fhe had '^ received two VVounds> one. about the Eye, *' which fhe fliewed the Magiilrates, and ano- " ther in the Side. \i the Jccufed call their *' Eye on the Afflicledy the Afflicled, tho' their " Faces were turned another Way would fall " into a Svvoon, and continue in it ''till the " Hands of the Accufed came to touch them j " and it was often found, that the FleHi of the ^' AffliEled was bitten, fo that the Print of Teeth *' V. as very vilible, and there would appear juft ^* llich a Set of Teeth as was in the Accufed^ " even fuch as rr^ight be clearly diftinguifh'd *' from other People^s : In a Word, the afilided *^ (as the DcBor obferves) in a few Days Time " arrived to fuch a refining Alteration upon theit *' Eyes, that they could fee their Tormentors ; " they fliw a Devil of a little Snature, and of a " tawny Colour, attended with Spcdres that " appeared in more humane Circumflances ; *' thefe Tormentors ufed to tender the afflided " a Book, requiring them to fign, or touch it at " lead, in Token of their confcnting to be lifted " in the Dcv I's Service, which, if they rehifed, " the Spcc^lres under the Command of the Black " Man^ tortured them with prodigious Molefta- " tions. " But Mr. Calef o£ Boflon in his Book, entitled, * Mere PVvndcrs of the tnvifihle Wwld^ has endea- voured to invalidate the Dotlrs Account of Things i he declares, that the Story of the Sheet K k ^ waf 5CO 7 .avc not iiad a Tcoth in tiier Heads; * Ai.ei ..-< iiicw' yet. iurcher the Wickedncfs of il.tfc iilf{iP.edPeyfG}7fy he mentions an Accident at the'rrial of »SV./-..7; Go'd-, which, if true, ought alone ,to have invalidated their Evidence for the tiitiJicj the Story is this. While S^rah Gccd was upon her Trial, one cf the .ifflicied fell into a Fit, tind cried outj that the Prifoner's Spectre w as ftab- Ir.g her v/ith a Knife, but had broke it m her Bcdy'j and to contirm the Truth of her Rela- tion, fi:e plucK'd a Piece cf the Blade out ot her BiCaft, and ihewed it in Court ; but there was a )OUng Man prefenr, who feeing the Blade, hud the Flondty ard Courage to claim it for his and to declare before the Judges, that he broke his Kri'.Q but tlie Day before, arid threw away tlvat Par:: cf the Blade in the Prcfence of the J[;.. f,iiy but that he had the Handle witli liic '^-ciicr Part of the Blade in his Pocket, which he deliver'd into Court, and upon com- paring them together they were found to be Parts of the lame Kn>o ; upon which the Judge cnly reprima!:dcd her, :.ixi bid her tell no more Lies, t •*7M , thac i^.^ic (uCpcctcd H'^iz.'z.ards ar.d fJ' ' c coiU'ictcd on very fieinicr Evi- duirc ; Ki' liic Court allow \l the Witnelfes to lell S:ories of 20 or 30 Years (landing, about cvcr-fctrin,g of Carts, the Death of Cattlp, Un- Ivindner "' lationS, or unexpcdcd Accidents Mr Cllch ran\. f. 154, t Ui-l. p. 101, lOi. be- rom 1^9- w-^^ Ch. xii. T7je History of NE\v-ENGLA:rND. 501 befalling after feme Q^\irrel, all that \vas allec^e.,1 4„,i,, againft them to the Purjj:>fe being eiVrier froni ' the diiLemper^d Perrollsthemfcives, or Froin z\ok\ who had been frighted into a ConfeiTion of their being Witches, by the Threatnings of the Ma '"-^i- ftrates, or encouraged to it with Hopes of Merc_y. But that the Reader may judge' rot*' liirhfeix,"' ril fet before him two- or three of the Trials of ' thefe unhappy Porfors, out of Dr. Cotton Mather s Houders of the invijible Worldy pubiifh::d by Coin- mand of his Y^xco^llcncy Sir TVilH am P hips ^ with the- Recommendation ar;d Thr,nks of Lieut. Gov. StoughtGHy and the Approbaridn of the Judges and Minifters, with fomc few Abbreviations. EfTex IT. The JrJjcimem of George Burroughs^ Clerk. Anno Regni Regis d^' Regin£ Wilhelmi & Marias, nunc Anglic, 6^c, quariv. The Jurors for our Sovereign Lord and Lady the King and Queea^^'prefent, ^'J^HAT George BnrrOUghS, M^ qf Falmouth, X i^^ the Province rf f/;^ Ma({achufet-6ay- Z;? >4e\v- En gland, Clerkj the <^th Day of May, in the ' fozirth Tear of the Reign of our Srcercign T-jrJ and Lady Wiljinrh ^;?^/ 'Klkry/ly'itheGraceof.GODj of England, Scotland, Frtnte, and lvc\M\, "Kirig and QjeeHy Defenders cj tJte'Faith^ 8ic.'}inf divers (ther Days and "Times ^ as 'ikfli 'befirre ^as 'dfte'r^ certain deleft able A^ts called lt'^-?ic^yc\aftsy'''an)i Scn^eHhi 'zvic- heJly and fel.niottfly %ath ufed^fraHifedl and exer^ cifed at f and' within ''ihi:fJoji^ni}y}t) of Salem, in the County vf Elfex hfrefiid^ irf,, upon, and againfi one Mary ' Wolcof t, o/Safem p^rllajre in thv County of Eiiei'^ Jtf?vle IVoman, by icmid-'fik'id wicked Ay tf 502 T/'fHi^^TORY ^/ New England. Ch.xii. Amo the faid Mary Wolcott, the ninth of May in the *^9* fourth Tear aboirfur/, and divers vthtr DaM Uiid 'Timea^ as well behre as after^ iraSy and is tortured^ afflichdy pinedt confionedy ijc rifled and tormcntedy a- gainji the Peace of our Sovereign Lord and Lady tic King and Queen, and again/1 the Form of the Statute in that Cafe made and provided. Endorfed by the Grand-Jury, mtneffes. BiSa V^iV Mary Wolcotr, Sarah Vibber, Mercy Lewis, Anne Putnam, Elizabeth Hubbard. Thekp. was alfo a Second Indictment for afllicting Eliz^akth Hubbard. A Third Indictment for afHidting Mercy Lewi Si And a Fourth for afHiccing Anne Putnam, The Wltneflcs the fame as above, only Mary TVarren was added to the laft. . T H E Judges at this and the other Trials were Lieutenant Governour Stoughton^ %^\?]ot SaltvnJidlL M:jor Richardsy Major Gidnyy Mr. Wait IVinthrcpy Capt. Scual/y and Mr. S.rjeaht, or a Q^icrum of them.. Ivlr. Eiirruighs was brought upon his Trial 'Auguft ')y i6>)2, and to fupport the Charge there appeared the five or fix diftcmpcred Perfons men- tioned in the Indictment, and about eight Con- ftjjlng JVitchcSy who fworc, that he was a Hcad- AttOT at fome ot their Hcllilh Rendezvous, and had the Promife of being a King in Satan's Kingdom now going to be ereded. He was ac- cufed by nine Perfons, for Eeats of extraordinary Strength, which could not be done Nsithout a. Diabolical Afliftancc. The Ch. xii. r/'t' History cfNfW England. 50? T HE Bewitched Perfvm unanimoufly charged ^^^ the Speftre oF the Prifoner to have a Share in 16^2, their Torments; one of them faid, that in her "^'^ Agonies a little black-hair'd Man came to her iaying, his Name was B , and bid her fet her Hand to a Book which he fiiewcd her, brag- . ging, that he was a Conjurer above the ordi- nary Rank of Wicches ; that he often perfecutcd her with the Oiier or that Booli:, fa\ing, fiie fhould be well, and fear no-body, if fViC would but lign it, and that he iiiflidted cruel Pains and Hurts upon her, becaufe of her denying fo to do. Others or them teftify'd, that in their Torments the Prifoner tempted them to go to a Sacram.ent, to which they per oeived him with the Sound of a I'rumpet fummoning other Witches, who quickly after the Sound came from all Qiiarters to the Rendezvous; one of them falling into a kind of Trance, afterwards aifirmM, that the Prifoner had carried her unto theTopof a very high Mountain, where he ffiewM her Mighty and Glorious Kingdoms, and faid, he would give them all to her, i*^ flie would write in his Book, but fhe refufed. Several of the Bewitched declared, that they had been troubled with the Apparitions of two Women, who faid, they had been the Pri- foner^s Wives, and that he had been the Death of them, and that the Magiftrares mufl: be told of it, and if he denied it upon his Trial they did not know but they fliould appear in Court. Now wliile he was upon his Trial one of the heivitcheJ Perfons was cafl into an Horror at the Gliolfs of the Prifoner^'s two Wives then ap- pearing before him, and crying for Vengeance againifc him ; hereupon feveral of the bewitched were fuccefllvely called in, who all not know^ing what the former had (qqw and faid, cjiKurred in K k 4 the 504 T^^^ F-IiSTORY of New-England. Ch. xii. jLr»9 ti e Horror of the Apparition, which they af- ^5* iirint'd :iio 1 11 loner had betcre his Eyes ; but he uticry cicrj'ed that he dirccrned any I'iiirgoF it. i T colt die Court a great dial of Trouble to l.car the Tcftimories ot the JjjflicJed^ for \s hen they V trc going ro give in tiicir Evidence ihey vould be taken witri Fits which hindered their fpeaidng a corfidcrablc Time ; the Chief Judge • asked tiic IVifoner, Who he thought hindred thefe Witneilcs irom giving in their Tcftim4.nies? .Ai"*'*] he anfwer'd, he fiij'.pofed it was the De- vil. The Juei^e rcph'ed, fiow comes the Devil fo iotli :o have any I'eflimony born agnir.fi: }oa ? Whicii caft him, into a very great Coni^ilion. . T Yi E Confefp.ng - Witches teflihcd, that the Prifcner had been at Witch- Meetings with them, ani had reduced and compeiJcd them to the Snares of Witchcraft, that he pron^Ted them fine Cloaths for doir.g it, that he 'brciight Pop^ [Cts to ti^.em, and I'horns to itick into tliofe Poppets fcr the afilidting other .People, and that he e>vhort.ed them to bevv'itch all *S.7/^;;/- Village, Li^ ip do it graduaily. B V tbefules tlie Teftimonies of the j4^ic}eJ, feveral Pcrfons of Credit ar.d Honr.ur appeared in Court, and witnenod,-tbac tho' the Prifoner ^^as but a puny Man, }ct he had done Things bc^ Ord theS:rcngth of a Giant ; th.at he rrade ncthirgotrtakinf^ up a Gun of about fcv^ivFoot I)arrtKbfeiiind the Lock with one H 'id, and holdii'g it out at Arn's-cnd. 'J^ic Priforer in hi^ Vii^dication faid, that tixrc was an Indian in the Company' that il\C\ the fmc Thing, but the Go.uit fuppofcd the il/.:d- Alu: ir«ight be tho For fon that gave him that A if; fiance. Tlicrc were two Witreiil-s time fv ore, that whh only putting tbei{cie-Jingcr:at' his Rfglvt- Hard' into th«'Mu2ft|Ltrf a FoKwtin(gypi6ca of ubiout 4jx or- i^^)^J^<9I fJi The 5o6 i ^;tf History (9/ IN £W.h.NGL AND. Cn.xii. A»n9 The Prifoner, it fcems, made but a weak i!^ Defence full of Contradiaions and Fallhoods, reflecting on th^ Reputation of fome of the Wit- nelfes; he alfo delivered in a Paper to the Jury, wherein he endea\oured to prove, 77a// tbtre nei- ther are, nor ever were IVitchesy that having made a Compacl with the Devil can fend a Devil to tor- mem other People at a Diftance ; but notwithftand- ing this, or any Thing elfe he could fay for him- felti the Jury brought him in guilty ; when Sen- tence of Death was pafb'd on him, he denyed again what the Witneffes had all fwore againfl him, but added, that he did not fo much blame the Judges and Jury for condemning him, as the falfe Wicncfles that brought him to his Death. BRIDGET BISHOP, alias OLIVER, Wife of Edxvard Bi/hop oi Saie?n, Sawyer, was tryed upon 5 feveral Inditftments, Ji^ne 2, 16^2, for uiing cer- tain deteflable Arts called Witchcraft, in, uDon, and againft Mercy Lezvis^ Abigail IViHiams, Alary IVolcott, Elizabeth Hubbard, and Anne Putnam ; to all which fhe pleaded. Not guilty. The Witnelfes produced to fupport the Charge were, Firfl, the Beivitjhed Perfons them- felvcs, who teftihed, that the Shape of the Pri- foncr did oftentimes pinch them, choak them, bite, and afHid them, urging them to write their Name in a Booli which the Spedrc called Ours. I'hat when the Prifoner wasfirft examined, in Order to her Commitment, they (^viz..) the Affiicied were flruck down into a Fit, and could not recover 'till flie came and touched them, and feveral of them fell into Fits while file was now ac the Bar. Sccondl}', Deliterance HM}, who had confeffcd hcrfelf a Witch, teftify'd, that the Prifoner tempted her to lign the Book again, and to deny what flic had conf^^licd, and that tJie Shape of the Prifon.T whipp'd her with Iron Rods to force Ch. xii. The History of New-Englakd. 507 force her to it, and that the Prifoncr was at a AtM0 General Meeting of Witches in a Field near Sa- ^ /c;;^- Village, and there parcook of the Sacrament with tnem. Tnirdly, Jolra Cook teflify'd, that about five or lix Years ago he was allaulted with the ^hape of the Prifoner in his Chamber, and fo ternfy'd, that an Apple that he had in his Hand flew itrangely from him into his Mother's Lap fix or eight Foot Diftance. Fourthly, S.nnuel Gray teflify'd, that about fourteen Years ago he waked one Night, and faw his Room full of Light, and a Woman be- tween the Cradle and Bed-lidc, he got up but found the Doors faft, and the Apparition vanifh'd, however the Child in the Cradle w^as fo frighted that it pined away, and in fome Time dyed. He contelled he had never feen the Prifoner before, but was now fatisfy'd that it was her Apparition. Fifthly, Jolra Ely and his Wife tedity'd, that he bought a Sow of the Prifoner^s Husband, but being to pay the Money to another, fh© was fo angry that fhe quarrelled with Ely, and foon after the Sow was taken with flrange Fits, jumping, leaping, and knocking her Head againft the Fence, which made the Witnefs conclude, that the Prifoner had bewitched it. Sixthly, Richard Comau teftify'd, that eight Years ago he was terrify 'd with the Spctftre of the Prifoner and others, who fo opprcfs'd him in his Bed that he could not ftir Hand nor Foot, but calling up fome-body to come to his AlTift- ance, as foon as the People of the Houfe fpokc, the Spedre vanifhed, and all was quiet. Seventhly, Samuel Sbattock teflify'd, that m the Year 1680, the Prifoner otten came to his Houfe on frivolous Errands ,* foon after which his Child was taken with flrange Fits, and at 1 aft loft his y nderftanding, the Fits wxre manifeftly Epilep- tick| 5oS T/;5 History ^/New-En'gl AND. Ch. xii. ' Arrn<, lick, but the Witnefs verily believed it vas be- iu Jhall vj^nt nc thing in this WltIJ. But when he endeavoured to ftrilcc it tiicre was nothing ; upon this he r.ui out of his Hou{c, and fiW the Prifoner in her Orchard, but hnd not Power to fpeak to her, but con- cluded his 'r rouble was all owing to her. >^inthly, IViLinm Stacy teflify'd, that the Spedre of tiic Prifoner had play'd him fevcral Pranks of the fan-e Nature with the former; for Example, having received fome Money of the Prifoner i^cr Work, he had I'Ot- gone abo\ e three Reds trcm her, but it was gor.c from him ; fome Time after, difcourfing with the Prifoner about grinding her Grid, he had not gone above fi\ Rovls frotn her with a fmall Load in hi« 0.rt, but tlK Oi+-Wheel [unU into a Hole on piain Ciround, that the Deponent was forc'd to gct'J^elp for the Recovery of it, but Aepping back to irc^k for the Hole, there was none to be found. Another '1 ime, as he was ctoinj^ home in a dark Night lie was lifted up from- the Ground, and thrown nc^^inii a Stone-Wnll, and ahcr 't!ut, he was hoifted up, and thrown dowr^ a JB-ink at the Enii of hisMoufc. ..'La(;ly, 7;/i;j. and fVilJiam BIy tciiity'd, that i ' by the Prifoner to talie i},o\\x\ t ,. ... V ..;lj they {'iy\}vx\ fcveral Poppets made Ch. xli. The History of New-England* 509 made of Rags and Plogg's Erilllcs with head- ^»», icfs Pins in them, the Points being ou: wards. 5^ Befides all this, a Jury ot Women was smpan- nelied to fearch her, who found a preternatural Teat upon her Body, but upon a fccond Search three or four Hours ar'ter, there was none to be found. Upon this Evidence, the Prifoner, . not\vith-r ftanding any thing flie could fay in her own De- fence, was convicted, and executed. SUSA NNA MA R TIN indided June i% 1692, of the like Crjmes of Witchcraft and Sorcery on the Boiiies oi Alercy Leivis,. Anne Putnam, &c. to which file pleaded. Not guilty. At her Commitment llie was asked by the Judice, Aliigiftrate. Pray what ails thefe People ? Martin. I don^t know. Magi/i. But what do you think ails them ? ALiYtin. I don't deiire to Ipend my Judgment upon it. Magi ft. Don't ycu think they are bewitched ? Alartin. No. I don't think they are. Magifl. Tell us your Thoughts about them then ? Martin. No. My Thoughts are my own when they are in, but when they are out they are another's. Their Mafter Magi ft. Their Mailer; v/ho do you think is their Mailer? Martin. If they deal in the Black Art, you may know as well as I. Magi ft. Well, what' have you done towards this? - . i Martin. Nothing at all. Magi ft. Why, 'tis your Appearar\ce ? Alartin. I can't help ir. Magi ft. Is it not your Mailer ? How comes your Appearance to hurt them ? Martin. 5IO The History f?/NEW-ENGLAKD. Ch. xii. jLn»9 Martin. How do I know ? He that: appeared J^ in the Shape ot" Sd?mel, may appear in any one's Shape. But the AffliEled falling into their Fits vhen file did but look upon them, Ihe was a^ked the Reafon ot' it, and anfwered, Jhe could nt telly it may be the Devil bore her 7mre Malice than anither. So fhc was committed, and being brought to her Trial, the following Wit- nelTcs appeared to fupport the Charge of \Vitch- craft againft her, bciides the Accufations of the Jgli^ed. 'John Allen of Salisbury teftified, That he refu- flng to cart fomc Staves at the Requcft of the Prifoner, becaufc of the Weaknefs of his Oxen, file was angry, and told him it had been as good he had, for his Oxen fliould not do him much more Service : He replied, Do you threaten me^ you old IVitcb ? I ijcill throw you into the Brook, Upon which fhe run away ; but his Oxen foon after run wild, and being purfued, ran in:o the Sea, and were all droxsned except one, near the Mouth of Alerrimack River. Be-mard Peache teftitied. That as he lay in his Bed one Night the Prifoner jumped in at Win- dow, took hold of his Feet, and drawing his Body into a Heap, lay upon iiim for two Hours, io that he could neither fpcak nor Air ; but at lafl he caught hold of her Hands, and bit three of her Fingers to the Bone, whereupon fhc went down Stairs, and out or Doors ; our the People of the Houfe faw notiiing, only there was a cou- ple of Footitcps on the Outlide of the- Door. John Kembul tcilihcd , Tliat upon a fmall Difgufl:, the Prifoner iiad cold him his Cow fhould not do him any more Good, and it died next Mornii^i; : And another 'I'imc refuting to buy one of the Prifoncr's Pnppeys^ he was loon after frighted with a black Do'g as he was coming out^ Ch.xli. T-&^ History ^ New-Engl AN D, %i% of the Woods, which flew upon him, and as he Ann& thought w^ould have tore out his Throat, but ^ naming the Name of Chrifi it vanifhed away ; which he judged to be a Piece of the Prifoner's Black An to revenge herfelf on him for not buying her Puppy. Sarah Atkinfon teflifyM, that the Prifonep came from Amesbury on Foot to her Houfe at Neubury in an extraordinary Seafon, when it wns not fit for any one to travel, and yet the Soles of her Shoes were hardly wet, Atkinfon was amazed, and faid, fhe fhould have been wet up to the Knees, if fhe had come fo far, but the Prifoner replied, file fcorned to be drabled. Dr. Mather fays, it was obferved this Evidence put her into lingular Confufion. John PreJJy teftify'd, that being one Night be- wildered near a Field of the Prifoner's, he faw a marvellous Light about the Bignefs of a half Bufhel about tv/o Roods out of the Way. He ftruck at it with all his Might, and felt it a palpable Subflance, but going from it his Heels flew up, and he thought he had been falling into a Pit, but afterwards upon Search there was really no Pit in the Place, having after his Recovery gone five or fix Roods further he faw the Prifoner on his Left-Hand, but ex- changed no Words with her : He was fo frighted with all this, that he could fcarce find his Way home, but he heard next Day that the Prifoner was fadly hurt. He faid further, that having given in fome Evidence againfl the Pri- , /oner fome Years ago, flie had told him, he would \ never profper, nor never have above two Cows, which accordingly came to pafs, for he never could get more in twenty Years. T H E chief Defence the Prifoner made for herfelf was, that flic knew nothing of all thcfc Things, but had led a virtuous and holy Life ; Dr. ^12 TIjeHisTOKwf New-Ekgland. Ch. xii; A»H9 Dr. ALithcr ('Ji)'Si Ihc vsas one oF tlio mod impu- . J^ ucnt, fcurrilou;, and wiclicd Creatures in the World; whidi Mr. Oih'f dePiies, * The Jury however brought her in Guilty. I can't forbear mailing one Remark upon tlieic, as well as upon all the Trials that Dr.' Citton Muher has publiflied to the World on this Oecaiion \ that w hen he has given us die Depolitions of the Witncfles againft the Prifon- ers at large, he pail'es over their Deienee in fuch general Words as thefc, They fat d nothing UQrth coiijidcring ; their Difccurfe was full of Tergi- 'vcrfaticm and Coi:r/adiciions \ they "cjirre co/ifjunded^^ dud their Countemwcts fell, &c. whereby his Rea-J der is.leftin the dark, and rendrcd uncapable of judging of the Merits of the Caufe i if the De-; fence of the Pril'cners w as ^o weak and coniiifed as the Doctor rcprefents, it had been for the Ad- vantage of the Court to have expcfed it at large to the World ; but if not, \'is very hard that it fhould be fmother'd. But upon fuch Evidence as this, 28 Pcrfons received Seiitcnce of Death, of which ip were executed, and one (namely) Giles Cory was prefs'd to Death ; the Names of th-jni that w ere executed v. ere, Bri^g^t Bijhopj executed Ju^e the loth. Sarah Gvod^ and Rtkcca Nurf of Sa- leva Village, Siifaruyih Martin o\ Ameiburyy Eli- 2,ahetJ} Hijii) of IjffiiiLh, Sarah WiLUi oi Topjhicldsy executed the i^th of ^aly. The Reverend Mr. George Burroughs, John Prichr't John IVillard of SaUm Village, George yacibs Sen. o^ Salt my Alartha Carr\'.Y o^ A.:d.rjcr, executed the ipth of Aitgujl. .Martha Cory^ Alary Eajly^ AIul- r.uK-.,, A,:^ie Piideater^ Margant Seutty IVthmt Redd, SamuJ JVardz.ell, and Mary Parker^ executed the 2 2d of September. * Cakf, ^ 13^). 1 HEIR Ch. xii. The History of New-England. 515 Their Charaders^ and dying Behaviour ^""^ was as follows. i^ Bridget Bijbop, alias Oliver, had long undergone the Repute ot a Witch, occalion'd by the Ac- cufations of one Samuel Gray^ who about 20 Years before had charged her with iwd-i Crimes ; but tho' Gray upon his Death-Bed teftityd his Sorrow and Repentance for fuch Accufations as being wholly groundlefs, yet the Report never wore o^y and being now accufed afrefh, and up- on Search, a Tear, being found upon her, as fome fay, tho' otlicrs it feems a few Hours after could lee nothing of it j Ihe received Sentence of Death, but went out of the World without the leaft ConfelTion of any thing relating to Witchcraft. Sarah Good had been accounted a melancholy diflemper^'d Woman for a long Time. At her Execution Mr. Noyes urged her to confefs, tel- ling her £he was a Witch, and ihe knew llie was fo ; to which file replied, You are a Liar, I am no more a Witch than you are a Wizzard, and if you take away my Life, God w ill give you Blood to drink. * Rebecca Nurfe vehemently afferted her Innocence both when flie was apprehended, and brought upon her Trial ; and the Jury were fo dillatisfy^'d with the Evidence produced againft her, that they brought her in. Not Guilty ; whereupon all the Accufers in Court, and a little after all the Afflicled out of Court made a hideous Outcry to the Amazement of all the Spectators ,• the Court alfo was ftrangely fur- prized ,* the Chief Judge faid, he would not im- pofe upon the Jury, but intimated, as if they had ^- Calef, &G, p. 101, IP5- L 1 not 04 T/^^HisTORY ^/New-England. Ch.xii. Anno ^''^^ ^^^^ confidcr'd one Exprcllion of the Prifon- lioi cr's, i^.amcly, that wlicn one H^.bbi a confcHing ^"^ Witch was brought \w as Evidence againft her, file tunicd her Head about, and faid, M^iuit do yen l/rirf<^ /.vr, Jhe is one af ns This, toe^ether \\ ith the Clamours ot the Accufed^ ii^duccd the jury to go out again; but not agreeing upon their Verdict, they cnme into Court, and dcfired the Pri Toner at the Bar to explain that E>prefrion ; but the poor old Woman being hard ot hearing, arid in a very great Fright, faid nothirg ; upon which they imir.ediately brought her in Guilty. But w hen (lie was inform^ what life was made ot her Silence, (lie put in the follo\N ing Declaration into Court. THESE Prejems do humbly Jheiv to the Ho- tiOHved Quit and Jury^ that I being informed^ that the Jury brougiA me in Guilty, upon my fay^ ing, that Good-U^^ife Hobbs and her Daughter were of cur Company ; but I intended no othevuitfe^ than ds they zi-ere Prifoncrs with us^ and therefore did then^ ^mid yet do judge them not legal Evidence aga-inft their Fellow- Prifune-rs ; and I being jmne- thing hard of hearing, and full of Grief none in- forming me how the Court took up my iVurds, and therefure had not an Opportunity to declare what I intended when I faid they we-re if our Company. Rcbecka Nurfe. * But it was now too late, the Govcrnour in- deed was fo moved with her Cale, that he grant- ed her a Reprieve, but liich were the diTmal Clamours ot' the Accnfers, that he was forced to recall it \ lb llie was tirU exccommunicated, and then executed with the reft. She was a pious Woman , a Member oF tlx Church il SiiJew^ and had innumerable 'reftnnonials oi- her Ch.xii. !ra^ History ^New-England. 515 her Chrilhan Behaviour thro' the whole Courfe ><"«» of her Lite under the Hands of moft credible l^ Perfons j her Behaviour in her Family was very exemplary, her Care in the Education of her Children, and fetting them good Examples very extraordinary, and at her Execution flie behav'd herfelf with all the Gravity and Serioufneis of a Chriflian. I T was at her Trial that one of the Accu- fers cried out publickly of the Reverend Mr. IVillard, Miniller in Bcfton, as afflicting her, but jQie was fent out of Court, and it was told about, that flic was miifakcn in the Perfon. T H li Re \' trend Mr. Burroughs had been for- merly Miniller at Salemy but fome Difterencs ariiing between him and his People, he left them and retired to Falmouth^ which perhaps might be one Reafon of his being fixM upon by thefq Siilemites for a Wizzard ; Dr. Mather fays he was a puny Man, but Mr. Calef * fays, that his Con- temporaries at School during his Minority could have teftified, that his Strength was then as much fuperior to theirs, as ever it was difco- vered to be fince. Upon the Day of Execution^ he was carried with the others in a Cart thro' the Streets of S:il<^m to the Gallows ; when he was on the Ladder f 1'^^ made a Speech for the clearing o^ his Innocency, with fuch folemn and ferious E}cpreffions as were to the Admira- tion of all prefent ; his Prayer (which he con- cluded by repeating the Lord's Prayer) was fo well cxprefs'd, and utter'd w^ith fuch Compofure and Fervency of Spirit, as drew Tears from the Spe61:ators, infomuch that fome were afraid they would hinder the Execution ; but the Ac- "^ Calcf in tht Pref. f ^^'*^' P* loj, 104, L 1 2 cufers 5i6 T//e History o/NirW-^ExGL AND. Ch.xii. A'tn* cufers faidjthc Black A/<2/2 floodby and didated to if?i him ; when he was cut down, he was dragged by the Halter to a Hole or Grave between the Recks about two Foot deep, his Shirt and Breeches being pulled off, and an old Pair ot Troufcrs put on in their Room \ lie was tumbled in w ith MlUiird and Carryery one of his Hands and his Chin, and a Foot ot another of them be- ing left uncovered. W H E N ychii ProBer and his Wife were carried to Prifon, the Sherirf fcized all theif Houihold - Goods, ^ Provilions, and Cattle, v hich he fold, and put the Money in his Poc- Ket ; he threw away the Beer out of a Barrel, and carried away the Barrel, emptied a Pot of Broth, and took away the Pot, and left nothing in the Houfe for the Support of the Children. rroBcr bcgg^'i hard for a Reprieve , as appears by the moving Letter he writ to the Minidcrs of Boflon, which the Reader will fee by and by, but it was not granted. At his E- ■xccurion, he earneflly requeued Mr. Nojes to pray with, and for him, but it was denied, be- caufe he would not confcfs himfelf a Witch. His Wife was condemned w ith him, but efcaped by pleading her Belly. 'Jchn M^ii^^vrd had been employed as a Mefien- gcr t to fetch in, fcvcral that were accufed, but being'.unwiiling at Ir.ii: to apprehend fomc that he had better Thoughts of, he declined the Service, and prcfontly after, was himfelf accufed of the fame Crime, and that with fuch Vehcmency, that they fent after him as far as Najhirusag 40 Miles from Sahm^ where they overtook him ^s he was making his Efcape out of the Country, *cis faid, the Accujers told the cxad Time when * IbU. p. 10^, 10«>. t ^*'''' P- 1^- he 1<^9* Ch.xif. T/^^ History (?/ New-England. 517 he was apprehended, faying, Now Willard is ^j"'» taken; he was conviclcd by the Spedral Evi- dence, and executed \\ith Mr. Burroughs and the reft. George Jacobs^ Sen. being condemned, the She- riff's Officers * came and feized all he had, even to his Wife's Wedding-Ring; Hard was the Cafe of this Old Man ! who was convicted by the E- vidence of his own Grand-Daughter, who to fave her own Life, conlelied herfeif a Witch, and was forced to appear againft her own Grand- Father, and Mr. Burroughs ; the Day before their E^^ecutions fhe came to Mr. Burroughs, and ac- knowledging her Guilt, begg'd his Pardon on her Knees, who not only forgave her, but alfo pray'd with, and for lier. llie Day after their Executions flie wrote the following Letter to her Father. Honoured Father, AFTER my humble Duty remembred to you, hoping in the Lord of your good Health , as blejfed be GOD I enjoy ^ tho in abundance of Afflic- ticn, being clofe confined here in a loathjome Dungeon, the Lord look down in Mercy upon me, not knowing how foon J Jhall be put to Death, by Means of the AffliEled Perfons ; my Grand-Father having fuffered already, and all his Eflate feiz^ed fur the King. The Reafon of my Confinement is this, I having-, thro* the Magi fir atesThreatnings, and my own vile and wretched Heart confejfed fever al Things contrary to my Conjci- ence and Knowledge, tho' to the wounding of my own Soul, the Lord pardon me for it ; hut, oh ! the Ter- yors of a wounded Confidence who can bear I but blefi fed be the Lordy he would not let ?ne go on in my Sins, • Calcf, i*- 105. LM but 5i8 77;^ History ^/New-England. Ch.xu. Affna hut in Alercyy I hope, to my Svul, UL-.u/d n:t juffcr J^ me to keep it in any lunget'y but I ivas forced to conjefi the "Truth of all before the Magifirates, who wnuld n't hdie-je me^ but 'tis their Pleafure to pit me hciCy and God knows how foon J Jhall be put to Death. Dear Fat her y let me beg your Prayeis to the Lord on my Behalf, and fend us a joyful and happy Meeting in Hea'vcn. My Alothej'y poor IVoman^ is Z'cry craz,yy and remembers her kind Loue to yoiiy and to Uncley viz. D- A , fo leaving you to the Pro- teciiun of the Lord, I reft your dutiful Daughtery From the Dungeon Margaret Jacobs. in Salcir.-Prifony Aug. 20, I6p2, This poor young Woman had certainly been harged, as H^^ardwe/l \vas, for her Recantation, if an Impofthumc had not broke in her Head at the Time appointed ior her Trial, by which ihc efcapcd. Her Father was likewifc accufed, but fled; * her Mother, a crazy, iickly Woman, was like\v ifc actufed, and impriloned ; fnc had four frr.rill Chilcrcn with her in the Houfe, when the Officer came, and perfwaded her to go V. ith him, telling her, flie flioiiid fpeedily return ; wiicn fhe came into the Prefencc ct t^c Affiicved^ they faid, they did not know her, but at length one oi: tiiem faying, Don't you know Jaccbs the oldWirch ? they all fell do\N n in- to their Fits, and accufed her; (lie was then fent to Prifon, and lay there 10 Months ; and the Neighbours in the mean Time kept the Chil- dren from flarving. At the Tryal of Martha Cirricry fc\eral of her own Children franklv confellcd thcmfelves * Uii, p. p>. Witches, Ch.xii. The History of New-England. 519 Witches, and that their Motner had made them Aatm fo ; they gave an Account: 01 fevcraiJ.iurneySjMett- ^^ •ings, and Milcliicrs by thein jjcrtonned ^ Dr. iV/^/fM' adJs tins Memorandum concerning her. " This Rampant Hug Mirtki drryer was the " PeiTon ofwnom the Conteffions of Ciie Witches " and of her own Caildren among the reft, agreed, " that the Devil had pro.r.ifed her, (li: (hould be *' Qtieen of HeH/' But tho' the Children's Evi- 4ence was very credibly, the Court did not make Ufe of it for her Convidion. When the laft eight Prifoners were going to Execution the Cart was ft, as iz v.as going up the Hill i upon which the Afflicled, and otiiers faid, the Devil hindred it ; but the Prifoners all ,dyed with ftrong Proteftations of their Innocence. Samuel Wardwell * h.ad been prevaii'd with to confefs himfeif a Wizzard, to fave his Lite, but his Confciencc not fuftering him^ to do the Drudgery of taking away the Lives of his inno- cent Neighbours, he rciblved to renounce his former Confeffion before the Magiftrate ; where- upon he was foon brought to his 1 rial : And his former Confciiloji, with the Speche-Evidena being produced againft him, he was prefently condemned. At Execution, while he was Ipeak- ing to the People, protefting his Innocence ; the Smoke of the Executioner's Tobacco came into his Face, and interrupted hisDifcourfe a little; the Accufers faid. The Devil hindred him ivith Simke. t Mary Eafly, Siiler of Relecci Nurfcy being {enfible of the blind Fury of the People, and of the innocent Blood the Magiftrates were bring- Uid. p. 10^. ]Ui.l. p. or L J 4 ing 5io 77;f History ie, being carried over all upon a Sticl:, nezer being at any ether Meeting. I being at Cart Lift Saturday all the Day, of Hay and Englifli Ccrn, the Devil brought my Shape to Salcn^, and did a^lici M. S. and R. F. by ditching ?ny Hand. And on Sabbatii- Day, my Sha/e affiided A. M. and at Night af- flicted ^i. S. and A. M. : E. J. and A. F. have been my Eat i ens to this great Abomi nation, as One has oivnd, and chargd her other Sijler -with the fame ; arid the Defign ixas to deftroy ^[an-Viuage, and to begin at the Alini/ier's Houfe, and to deflruy the Churches tf God, and to fet up Satan s Kingdcm, aad Ch.xfi. 71&I? History 0/ New-England. 5J1 and then all ix)'iU be well. And novj, I hope, Gjd Anno has in fo?ne 7neafuye made me ftnjible of m '/ Sin ^ and Apiifiacyy begging Pardon of God, and of the honourable Magi fly ate s, and all God's PdV^de -, hoping and promifmg, by the Help of God, to fet to my H^art and Hand to do uohat in me lyei to dejiroy fdch wicked IVorjhip, humbly begging the Prayers of G'^d's Pe )p!c for me, that I may walk humbly under this AjfliBion, and that I may procure to inyfelf the fare Mercies of David. But far the ir-njor Part, if not all the Con- fcffions of the Penitent Witchei (as they were cal- led ) were extorted from them, purely with the View of faving cheir Lives -, hence it was, th it the Husbands and Children of fome upon their bended Knees have prevail'd with them to con- fefs every thing that was laid to their Cnarge; Others have been wearied cut with long and tedious Examinations before private Perfons for many Hours together, 'till they yielded to any thing ; the Qiieflion being then asked, Were you at fuch a Witch-Meting ? Or, have you fign'd the Devil's Book r If they replied Tes, the whole was 'drawn out into the Form ot a C)nfe[fion. T'hat this was really the Cafe will appear by the following Certificate, llgnM by the Hands of half a dozen honelt Women, whofe Confciences would not fuffer them to difguife the Truth any longer. * WE vjhofe N.unes are underwritten. Inhabitants 0/' Ando\er, whereas that horrible and tre- mendous Judgment beginning at Salem-F/7- lage in the Tear 165^2, by fome called IVitchcraft, firfl breaking forth at Mr. Paris'j Hoi^fe ; fever al * Calcfi More Wouit's^ Sec. Tart V. ^, iii, lu, M m 2 )cung 552 T/;f History (?/ New-England. Ch. xii. Anno yotiiig Perfoiis being feemingly afflichd did aaufe fe- 1^93 njeral Perjous fur affliciing themy and many tlwe beliez'ing it t > be Jo ; we being infirmed^ that if a Perfm uere /Jclc, the Afflided Pa fins could tell what cr uho was the Cuufe if that Sicknefi ; J jfcph Bill- iard of AndovcrV iVife being Jick at the fame Tiyne^ he either from himfelf^ or the Advite cf others fetched two of the Perfons, called the aiflicted Perfons from Salcm-ViUage to Andover, which was the beginning of that dreadful CaLmiity that btjell us in Andover; and the Authority in Andover believing the fiid Ac- cufations to be trt'.e^ fent for the f aid Perfii.s to come together to the Mcctinq-Houfe in Andover (the at- flidted Peribns being there) ; after Mr. Bernard had been at Prayer, we were blind-foldedy and our Hands were laid upon the aiflicced Perfons, the^ being in their Fits, and falling i/ito thefe Fiti at our coyning into their prefencCy as they faid, feme led us-j and laid our Hands on them, and then they fiidy they were well^ and that zue we)'e guilty of nffliding them ; whereupon we were all feiz^cd as Prifoyiers by a Wr.r^ rant from the ^uflice of Peace y and forth'xith carried to Salem ; and by Reafcn of that fudden Surpriz,al^ we kncwivig curfhes altgethcr inmccnt of that Criyne^ we were all exceedingly ajlonijhedy and a?nazcdy and conflernatedy and nfrighted cut four Reajcny and cur dearefl Relations fking us in that dreadful Con- dition, and knowing our great Dangery apprchendir.gy that there was no other M'^ay to five our Lives, as the Cafe was then circumflar,tiatedy but by cunfifftng our- fehcs to be fuch and fuch Perfons, as the afflicted yeprefented us to be ; they out of tender Lcve and Pity pcrjwaded us to confefs what we did coftfs ; and in- deed that Confeffun that is faid we madcy was no ether than what was fugge/led to us by fo?nc Gentlemcny . they telling us, that we' were JVitchcs^ and they knew ity and we knew it, and they knew that we knew it ; whi'h made us think that we were fo, and our Ua- devfla'tidiiig^ and ov/r RciTi n^ and our Faculties being ahnof Ch«xii. TI&^ History (t/^N^ew-Engl AND. 533 almofl gone, we were net capable of judging of our Ann* Condition ; as alfo the hard Meafures they iifed with ^^^5 usy rendred us umapable of making our Defence, but we faid any thing, and every thing they de/ired, and mofi of what we faid was but in Effe'Ii a confenting to what they [aid. Some 'Time after, when we were better coinpofed, they tcl/ing of us what we had con- fejfed, we did prefefs, that we were innocent, and ig- norant of fuch things, and we hearing, that Samuel Wardwell who had renounced his ConfelTion, was condemn d, and executed, fome of us were toldy that we were going after Wardwell. Mary Ofgood, Mary Tiler, Deliverance Dane, Abigail Baker, Sarah Wilfon, Hannah Tiler. If this Confeffion had been made a little fooner, while the SpeEhal Evidence was in Repute, it had cofl the Confeffvrs their Lives ; for "'tis impoflible to exprefs the blind Fury and Zeal of the People againfl the Prifoncrs, who believed every thing the A ffliHed (liid, and disbelieved every thing the Accufed oftered in their ow n Vindication. When neither Promifes nor Threatnings could bring Perfons to Confejfon, they fometimes made Ufc of Violence and Force, as appears by the moving Letter that Mr. Procter fcnt to the Minifters of Boflon a few Days before his Trial, which becaufe it gives a clear Account of this Matter, I will rranicribe in his own Words. M m 5 "' To 534 The Ui^TOKy of Ntw-EsGLAi^D. Ch.xii. To the Reverend Mr. Mather, Moodj, Bailj, Allen, IV/ILtrd. Reverend Gcntlcincn, f~T^H E Irinoceiue cf our Cife, ivrth the Enmity 1 if iur * Aicujen, and our fudges and Ju- rorSy ijchhin nithihg but our innoctnt Blued zvill fevTe their 'Turn^ having condemned us alreiuly bejlre our T}iahj being fo much incenfedy and enraged a- gainji ns by the Devil, makes us bold to beg and im- plore your favourable Affijiiince of this cur humble Pe- tition to His E.\ce//emy, That if it be pvjfible our in- ficcent Blood may be f pared ^ vchich unduubtedly ether- luife will be Jhcd, if the Lord does net ?nerci fully /iep in ; the Magiflrates, Alini/iers, Juries, and all the People in general being fo much incensed, and enragd againfi us, by the Delujion of the Devily ii^hich ue can term no ether, by Reafvn ix:e know in our own Confiences we are all innocent Pe^fons ; here are five PerfnSy who have lately ccnfefs d them f elves to be Witches, aud accufe f?ue of us of being along with them (d a Sacrament, ftmewe zvere co7nmittcd to clofe Prifn^ which we know to be Lyes. 'Two cf the five an Carricr'3 S ns^ .vw;/2(j Alen^ who would not confefs any thing 'till they tied them Neik and Heels, 'till the Blood ziias ready to come out of their Nofes, and 'tis credibly belicv'd and reported, that this was the Occa- ficn cj making them confefs that they never did ; by Rcafv.n they faid, one had been a IVitch a Months an- other five JVceks, and that their Mother bad inade the?n fo, who has Le:n confi)id here tkfe nine JVetks. Afy Sjn William Prodcr, becaufe he would nvt cot.^ Ms Ch. xii. The History of New-England. 5^5 fefs^ "when he was examind^ that he was guilty^ they ^""^ tyed him Neck and Heels 'till the Blood giijhed out of i^ his Nofcy and would have kept hitn fo 2^ Hours ^ if one more merciful than the reji had not taken Pity on him^ and caujed hi?n to he unbound. 'Theje A lions are very like the Popifh Cruelties; they have already undone us in our Eftates, and that will not fnve their 'Turns without our innocent Blood. If it cant he granted:, that we 7nay have our Tryals at Bc.fton, we humbly hegy that you would endeavour to have thefe Magiftrates changed^ and others fut in their Room ; begging alfoy and befeeching, that you would pleafe to be herefoineofyou^ if not all ^ at our Trials^ hoping thereby you may be the Means of faving our innocent Bloods^ defiring your Prayers to the Lord on Qur Behalf we reft your poor afflitled Servants, John Prober, &e^ But this Letter I-^d no Eftect, ProEler and his FcUow-Priibners being convided and exe- cuted a little after. Such Methods as thefe be- ing made Ufe ot, "'tis no Wonder that the Num- ber of Confeffing IVitches amounted to lifty, not one of whom were put to the Trial, whether they would abide by th€ir ConfeiTions when they came to dye ; Unhappy Creatures! who were forq'd to do the Drudgery of taking away the Lives of their Neighbours, to fave their own. But upon the Afflicted's over-ading their Part, as I obferv'd before, the Tide of the People's Af- fedions began to turn, and they who a little be- fore were in Danger of being torn in pieces by the Mob, were now univerfilly lamented and pi- ty 'd. All further Profccutions were now ftopp'd, the Accufations of the Afflichd were entirely dif- regardcd; the Prifon-Doors were fet open to all that w^ere under Confinement, by the Accufations of the AffliHedy and Sir William Phips after fomc Mm 4 Time 53^ 77/^HisTORY ^/ New-En'gland. Ch.xii. Ann* Time he pardoned all that were under Sentence ;^95 of Condemnation. But bcfidcs the Blood tliat was fpilt upon this Occafion, ic\eral Pcrfons and Families were ruin'd in their Eftatcs and Reputations, partly by long Imprifcnmcnt, and partly by the Avarice ot the Officers who took Pollcfrion ol their Hou- fes in their Abfeiice; and though I am fully fa- tisfied, that the Zeal of the Government in this Affair proceeded from their Regard to the Glory of God, yet I muft fay, that the Magiflratcs were too partial in their Behaviour tow ards the Accufed^ and that Sir William Phips himfelf treat- ed them with too much Severity, by ordering them to be laid in Irons, and countenancing the popular Cry againft them. The whole Country were by Degrees made fenfible of their Miflake, and mod of the A(5^cors in this Tragedy repented the Share they had' in it. One of the Honourable Judges that fate on the Bench at thefc Trials, on a Fafl-Day in a full Aflembly at the South Meeting in Bojipn^ de- livered in a Paper to be read to all the People ; acknowledging his having fallen into fome Errors in the Trials at Sakin^ and begging the Prayers of the Congregation, that the Guilt of fuch Mif- carriages might not be imputed to the Country in general, or to him and his Family in particu- lar. And v.hilc this Paper was reading, he flood up in the View of the \shole AJfembly. Thl Jury likewifc publifli'd a Paper fign'd with their own Hands in the followinfr Words. * * Cakf, ^ H4. WE Ch,xii. T/?^ History «?/ New-England. 537 Ann* WE ivhofe Names are undei-written, heing in i^ the Tear 16^2, caUed to ferve as Jurors in Court at Salem, on "Trial of?nany ivho were by fome fufpeHed of doing Acis of IVitchcraft upn the Bodies of fundry Perfons. M^E ccnfefs, that we curfelves were not capable to tmderflandj ncr able to withfland the myfterious De^ lufwn of the Powers of Darknefsy and Prince of the Air, but were, for Want of Knowledge in ourfelvesy and better Information from ethers, prevailed with to take up with fuch Evidence again/I; the Accufed, as on further Conjideration and further Information^ we jujtly fear was infufficient for the touching the Lives of ciny, Deut. xvii. 6. whereby we fear^ we have been inflrumental with ethers, though ignorantly and unwittingly, to bring upon ourf elves and this People of the Lord the Guilt of innocent Blood, which Sin the Lord faith in Scripttire, he would not pardon, 2 Kings xxiv. 4. That is, Wefuppofe in Regard of his tc/npcral yudg?nents, we do therefore hereby Jignify to all in general, and to the furviving Sufferers in efpecial, our deep Senfe of, and Sorrow fir our Errors, in aEiing on fuch Evidence to the condemning of any Perfon. AND do he^reby acknowledge J that we yuflly fear that we were fadiy deluded and miftaken, for ivhich we are ?nuch dif quieted and di fire [fed in our Minds, and do therefore humbly beg Ftrgivenefs firji of God for Chrifl's Sake for this our Error, and pray, that God would not impute the Guilt of it to our [elves, nor tthtrs j and we alfo pray, that we may be conjiderd candidly and aright by the living Si/fferers, as being then under the Power f a flrong and general Delu- fion, utterly unacquainted with, and net experienced in Matters of that Nature, WE 5j8 27;f History ^/New-England. Ch. xii. Arftt^ IVE do heartily ask Furgivenejs of you all irhom »^*'J uv have juftly ojfendeJy and do declare according to our pre Jem Minds, ive v^ould none of us do juch things again for the whole Id^jrld ; praying you to accept of thisy in Way of Sat n faction fur our Ojjence^ and that you would blefs the Inheritance / Thomas Perkins, Thomas Fibk, Jun. {\ Samuel S.ayer, John Dane, \ /Andrew Elliot, Jofeph Evclitk, ^ ^ Henry Herrick, Sen, And Dr. C. Mather who writ the forementioncd Trials, has fincc declared it as his Opinion, that Things were carried too tar; as appears to him, 1. From the great Number of Perfons accufed. 2. From thcQ^ialitycfthePcrlons accufed, fomc of whom were Perfons of blamelefs and holy Lives. 3. From the Number of the Afii^ed, which cn- creas'd to abo it fitry. This ( fays he) gave juft Ground to fufpCLt fomc Miftake. 4. From the Execution of the Prifoners, not one of which confeis'd their Guilt at tlieir Death ; though fe- veral ot them w ere Perfons of good Knowledge, of fober Lives, and dyed in a -ferious, aftect- ing Manner. And as for the Confelfors (fays he) we had no Experience wlictiier they would abide by their ConfeiTions wlien they came to dye ; they being all reprice ed and pardoned. 5. Becaufe when the Profecutions ceafed, the ylplt:ied grew prefenrly well ; the Accufed arc ge- nerally quiet, and we have had no Difcurbancc lincc that Time for thcfe iiye Years. Ch. xiL The History of New-England. 539 The Dotkr adds further, that the Proceed- A nno ings at Salem were owing to fome miftaken Prin- Jf^ cipies, as that Satan cannot aflume the Shape of an innocent Pcrfon, and in that Shape do Mif- chiet to the Bodies and Eltates of Mankind ; that when he does Mifchief to Perfons- in their Bodies or Eflates, it .s moil ccmmonly by the Jnftrumentality of our Neighbour, fome Witch in Covenant w ith the Devil , and that when the Party fufpcded looks upon the Parties fuppofcd to be bewitched, and they thereupon fall into a Fit, it is a Proof of iiich a Co\ enant, f&c * Thus in about fikeen Months Time ended an Affair, which not only confounded the Minds of the good People of New- England^ but firuck all Europe with Surprize and Aftonilhment : Nay, the Indians themfelves improved it to the Difad- vantage of the Protejlant Religion, for one of the French- India7is in Converfation with Captain Hill at 6'^co-Fort told him, that the French Mi- niffers were certainly better than the Englijh ; for before the French came among them, there were a great many Witches among the Indians^ but now^ there were none,- and there were many Witches among the Englijh Miniflers, as Bur- roughs^ who was hang'd for it.f 1 have often w ondred, that no publick Notice was ever taken either of the Afflitled Perfcm or Conf effing Witches ; if the Agitations of the Affiicled were voluntary and artful, the Blood of the in- nocent certainly lay at their Door ,• but i'^ not, they fliould have been treated as Lunaticks, or as Perfons who being poilefsM by an evil Spirit had been the unhappy Inlfruments of taking a- way the Lives of their honefl: Neighbours. 'I'he Ccnfejfing Witches may poflibly deferve a little * Mathw, £«ft VI. p. Si. t Calef; ^ it- more 540 TAe History (?/N£\v*Ekgl AND. Ch. xii. X„n» more CompafTion, if their Conicirions were cx- ><^9J corccd by Violence, or arofe from the pure Ne- ^"^^ celfity of raving their Lives this Way, and no other (as 1 believe was the Cafe of moft of them); but yet their bearing falfc Witnefs againft tlicir Neighbours, and dipping their Hands in their innocent Blood, oug:it not to have been pafs'd over in Silence : If the ConfcfTions of any were voluntary, and free from Reflraint, as Dr. Cotton Mather fays, W—^ B ■ 's was, and many others; if they confirmed them afterwards m cool Blood with very llrong Circumftances, fuch as, relating the Times wiien they covenanted with the Devil, and the Reafons that moved them to it ; their Mock-Sacraments, their ligning the Devil's Book, and Ihewing the Place in their Bo- dies where they drew Blood to fign it with, (J7c. They ought at lead to have been put to the Trial, whether they would have own'd their Con- feflions with their dying Breath; but Things \vere in fuch Confulion at this Time, that no- thing ot this Nature w^as attempted. There was a difcontented Party in the State that clogg'd the Wheels of Sir William Phifs\ Government, and at length got him recalled : But before Sir William went tor England^ being willing to make all Parties eafy, he publifli'd a General Par- don, for which (f^ys my Author) he received the Thanks, not only of his Country, but of the Queen of England hcrfelf. Mr. Paris indeed, in whofc Houfc this Tra- gedy began, and w ho had himfclf been a Witnefs, and a zealous Profecutor of the j4caifcdy felt the Erfcds of the People's Refcntment fome Time after ; for his People not only withdrcv. from his Communion, but prefented feveral Petitions and Remonflrances to tl:e Magiilrates and Minifters of Bcflon to obtain his Removal ; they tleclarcd, *i That Mr. P^r/V's believing the Devil's Accu- " fat ions. Ch. xii. The History of New-England. 541 *' fations, and readily departing from all Charity A»n9 *^ to Perfons of blamelefs Lives and Converfa- 1^95 *' tions upon fuch Siiggeftions ; his promoting ''^ '' Accufations, and his Partiality therein, ftifling '' fome, and encouraging others ; his going to " Mary JVahit, and Ahigal JViUiains, to know *' who a:fflided the- People in their lilnefTes, and *' his taking an Oath, that the Prifoners by *' their Looks knock'd down the pretended Suf- " ferers, though 'tis certain he knew nothing of ^' the Matter ", obliged them to refufe him for their Minifler ; the Minillers of Bvflon did every thing they could to make up the Difference, and Mr. Paris himfelf in the Year 1694, *^^<^^ ^ publicli Acknowledgment of his Error, begging Pardon both of God and Man ; but the People infifdng, that they neither could, nor would fit under the Miniftry of a Man, who had been an Liflrument of the Mifery and Ruin of fo many of tlieir Relations and Friends, he was at laft removed. *Calef, ^57,^5 Chap. 5^2 T/>f History ^ NTkw-England. Ch.xiii. Chap. XIII. Sir William Phips recalled. His Death a?id Character, The War with the Indians renemd. Pcmmaqtiid-Fort taken^ arid dcmoLijJjed, The Bravery of Mr. Dun- ftan and his Wife, The Death and Cha- racter of Simon Bradftreer, Efq\. The Earl of Bellamont arrives Govermury (^nd concludes a Peace with the Indians. H I L E the Peace of Pemma- quid \\ itli the Indians conti- nued, Sir ll^tUiam Phips did ^^\ VVlU^S?" '^'' ^^^^ ^^^^ ^'^ ^^^ Pouer to ^^''lU-JrS^ remove their Grieviniccs, [\uA bring them on from tlieir At- tachmems to the French ; for this Purpofe he took a Jour- xw the midft of a very hard Winter, and fending for the fevcral Sachemsy midc ^h.cm Prefcnts, and treated them with great Ci- vility and RefpeCt j he like wife opened a free Trade TiCv into tiie E'ould have connived at fome Arbitrary OpprefTions too much ufed by fome kind of Officers on the King's Subjects, few or none of thofe Articles of Im- peachment had been preferr'd againft him ,• but not being verfed in the Arts of Government, he lay open to the Intrigues of defigning Men, who envying his Greatnels, made it their Bufincfs to perplex his Affairs, and were never quiet 'till they got him difplaced ; he had formed a Project for fupplying the Kingdom with Naval Stores from the Eaflern Parts of the Majfachufet-Colony, and was laying it before the King, when Death put an End to all his Purpofes by a malignant Fever, which carried him off in a few Days at London^ February 18, iC^^-y^ in the 45 th Year of his Age. Deputy-Govern OUR Stoughton was now the Chief Magiftrate of the Province, a Gentle- man, who had made himfeli: popular, by en- larging Harvard- College with an additional Build- N n ing, 54^ r/; alive next Morning, and by the Ufe of proper ^ Medicines recovered, and lived many Years after tho"* the Wound that was made in her Skull could never be clofed. September 4, Mr. Jofeph Pike of Nevcbury Deputy-Sheritf of Ejfex travelling with one Lofig between Ame^bury and Haverhill in the Execution of his Office tell into an Ambufcade of the Enemy, and both he and his Companion were murder\i. November 1 p, Bomafeen an Indian Segam'.re, who had ligned the late Treaty, came with two other Indians to Pemmaquidy pretending to be jufl arrived from Canada, to concert proper Meafures for the putting a Stop to the Efiulion of more Blood j but it being known that he had been a principal A6tor \n the late Excuriions of the Indians^ he was look'd upon as a Spy, and arreted by Capt. March Go vernour of the Place, and fent Prifoncr to Bofton, where he was kept under Confinement feveral Years. There was an odd Event that happened at Cafco about this Time, a Company of Indians paffing through the deferted Town, and difcover- ing fome Horfes in Capt. Bracket's Orchard ; re- folved to make a Feaft of them; but fome of the young Men having a Mind firfl to a little Diverfio]!, drove one of them into a Pond, and took it, and with the Main and T^ail of the Ani- mal, which they cut oft', made a kind of a Halter for him : A Son of the famous Hegon had a Mind to mount the fiery Steed, but being a forry Horfeman, ordered them to tye his Legs under the Horfe's Belly, but as foon as the Horfe found himfelf at Liberty, he ran full Speed with his Rider into the Woods, and neither Horfe nor Man \N ere ever (^tn any more ; only a few Days after, they found one of the Rider's Legs, which they buried in Capt. Bracket's Cellar with great Howlings and Lamentations. N n 2 The 54S T/;r History o/Nt\v-E:;GLAXD. Cli.xiii. An»* Thf Neiu-EiJglijh Alfairs were all this while '<^'^ mifcrably embarralicd, parcly by a Fad-tioii wlicx fct them lei vcs to traverfe all the Government's Mcafurcs, ani pardy by tlie Divilions occafioned by the late Kxccutions ot tiie prerended V/itches; for tho' S.r IVtlliamPLips betbre his embarking for Englund\\^i\ pardonM all that were underCondem- nanon, yet the DiTcontetits of the People ran fo very higii, that they Teemed more difpofed to a Civil War, tiian to concert proper Meafures a- gainlt the common Enemy ; the Indians howc\-e^r lay pretty dill all tiiC Winter, a contagious Di'- ftemper having Asept away great Multitudes of them, nor did the Englijh fuflain any greater Lofs than of two Soldiers of the Garrifon of Saco^ who verc f.rpized by a Party out of the Woods, one of whom was killed, and the other taken Piifoncr. Ann9 I N tlic Spring fjme new Piopofals were made ie^9^ for an Accommodation, by the Mediation ot Shcepfcoat yohn^ once an Indian Convert, after- wards a Pagan, and jiow a Papijl ; for on the 20th of May a Fleer cf Canoes came to an Ifland about a League iVom Ryt-Pemmaquid, and fent to the *Euglijh in tliat Garrifon Propofals of Peace: I'hey owned their Guilt in breaking the former Articles, but as a Picdge of iheir Sin- cerity at thij rime, they delivered up eight Cap- tives, and promifed to difchargc all the reft upon ligning the Peace. A Truce was therefore grant- ed them for 30 Da)S, and Colonel ydrn Philips^ Lieutenant Colonel Huuthorn, and Mnj\^r Conveis were fent to Pemuiaquid to bring this Atlair to a Concludon, but tiic Commiifioners demanding a Surrender of all the Englijh Captive5, according to the former Articles of Peace, before they would enter upon any new Propofals, and not having brought Bom7nafcen with them h*om Bo- Jiun to be exchanged, a j they expected ; the />/- dian^ Ch.xiii. 77;f History (?f New-England. 549 dians broke ofi' the Conference, and went away Anno Advice of this was immediately font to all the Eallcrn Garrifons, thac they migjt (land upon their Guard ; norwithftmding wnich, Ma- jor HarnntQnd Oi Kettery fell into an Ambuf^ide, and w^as taken Pnfoncr, but the Major had :he good Forcune to be traiifported to Cmada, where he received extraordinary Civilities from the Governour Count Fro}2tenaCy who purchafed him of his Tawny Mailer, and then generouily fcnt him home to Bofion^ by a Veffel which came thither for Exchange of Prifoners. About the middle of July two Men were killed at Exete)-, In Auguft a party of Indians came down to Bil/c- rica on Horfe-back', plundered the Houfe of one Rogers, and killed and took about 15 Perfons Prifoners ; this was the hrft Time that the Indians ever made- Ufe of Horfes any other Way. than to eat them ; about the fame Time Ser- jeant Haley venturing a little Way out oF his Fort at Saco was killed ; September the pth Ser- jeant Miirch and three Men were killed, and C\x more wounded at Pemmajuid, as they were row- ing a GcnduLi round an high rocky Point above the Barbican ; Oclober 7, a V^xty o^ Indians entred Mr. Browns Houfe at Newbury, and carried away nine People into Captivity, but being purfued by Captain Greenleaf, were forced to malce their Efcape over a River in the Night, and leave all their Prifoners behind them ; "'twas a Wonder they had not buried their Hatchets in their Brains before they left them, but the Captain coming upon them in the Night every one was glad to Ihift for himfelt, and yet at parting, they beat them fo unmercifully upon the Head with their Clubs, that they all dyed of their Wounds within a Year, except one, who waii hurt only on the Shoulder. N n 3 Towards 55<5 T//^ History d?/ New-England. Ch. xiii. Anpo Towards the End of this Year Capt. ALuch l^ Governour of Peminaquid-FuYt cieiiring to lay down his Commiflion, was fuccccdcd by Cap- tain CJ)uby a I'raitcr to his Country, and a Man void of all true Courage and Honour; one of his firft Exploits after taking PoflcfTion of the Fort was his murdering EdgeYe?nety and Abenquidy two of the principal Scgaimres of the Indians^ with one or two of their Friends, who met him on the Faith of a Treaty; an Action fo bafe, as no Gentleman, or Man of Honour could be guilty of; but the Reader will quickly ob- ferve fomcthing worfc of him, for which he de- ferved to have been made an Example to Poftc- rity : How this Fellow came to be preferred to this Pofl is a Myfleryl but the Country was fo divided within itielf, that no Care was taken of the publick Safety ; the General Af- fcmbly met, but mnde no Prcvifion for the War; no Money was raifed, no Soldiers lifted, nor any Enquiry made into the Condition of the Fron- ticr-Garrifcns ; fo that if the Freuc/j and Indians had been in a Condition to have adted with Vigour, they might have ravaged the bcil Part of the Country, but they were out of Breath ; for the French \n anted a frcHi Supply of Stores from E'iropej and the Indians would do nothing without their AQlftance ; fo that there was a Celfation of At^tion for feveral Months. . But the next Summer they adted with new \6'j^ Life; Ml) 7, John Church of Quochecho, w ho had been a Prifoner feven Years before, and made his Efcape, was retaken, and put to Death. Jioic 24, Thcmas Coles of IVdls and his Wife were llain, as they were travelling home from Tork^ where they had been makiiig a Vi(it to fome oi their Friends. 'J'wo Days after, 14 Perfons were killed near Portfmruth-, and four taken Pri- foncrs, among whom was an old Woman v horn thcv Ch. xili. T7;^ History ^/New-England. 551 they fcalp'd and left for dead, who yet recover- ^»»» ed, and lived feverai Years after j "July 26, as the ]^ People of Qnochecho were coming from Church, a Party of Inaians kiiJed three, wounded three, and carried away three more Prifoners to Pe}2cbfcot. But the moft fatal Blow that the R'ngUjh re- ceived this Year was the Lofs of Pcm?naquid-Forty w^hich happened after this Manner, the French having taken an Ey?g!ijh Man ot War called the JVeupcrt, landed {^mc Officers and Soldiers on the Banks of the River Pemjnaquidy who being joyn'd by a Party of Indians over Land, fum- moned the Governour to fiirrender the Fort into their Hands, Chub was fo frighted with feeing a Man of War in the River, and fome French Men afliore w^ith the Indians, that he thought it his beft Way to fecure himfelf and his Garrifon by a Capitulation, and fo bafely furrender'd the Fort, without firing a Gun in its Defence, tho' he had 95 Men double-armed, and the French not furniftied with any Materials to beliege the Place in Form ; the Eilemy immediately demo- lifhed the Fort, and then retired. When this Piece of News came to Bojton the whole Province was alarmed, for they had now no Barrier left to hinder the Enem.y's pene- trating into the Heart of the Country. Deputy- Gov. Stoughton and his Council began therefore to think it neceflary to take fome etfeCiual Mea- fures to put a Stop to the Triumphs of the E- nemy, and prevent their doing any further Mif- chief : Accordingfy he fitted out 3 Men of War, and fent them out in Purfuit o^xhQprench Man of War, but meeting wdth contrary Winds they could never get Sight of it ; Colonel Gidney was likewife fent by Land at the Head of 500 Men to fecure the Frontiers, but the Enemy having done their Bufincfs w ere retired, fo that the Co- lonel had nothing to do but to fcrcngthcn the N n 4 ro^ 5 52 The History of New-England. Ch. xiii. Annt remaining Girrifons, and return home; the Co- l^ loncl by Order ot the Lieutenant-Governour ar- reftcd Ch.i!^, and brought him up to £'>/lo}t, where he was Jicpt in Cuftody for feme Ti'-ne, but at*:er feveral E.\ a mi nations, nothing trealonable ap- pearing againit iuin, the Go\ernour cnly took away his CommifTion, and fcnt him home to his Hcufe at Jndover, where he lived about a Year, and was then killed with his Wife, and two or three other Pcrfo.ns in the Midll of a very hard Winter by a P:irty of Indians. TouAKD the latter End of the Summer, the Govcrnour diflmtched Col. Hawthorn witii foine Soldiers and Frigates to joyn Major Churchy who vas ord'-red to attack St. Johns Fort, the Place from wner.cc i\\c Indians received ail their Sup- plies ct Men and Ammunition from the French, It lyes upon a River between Pcrt-Ro}al ana the great River of Canada, by which (fa}S La Hon- tan ) the Inhabirancs of thofe Places may hear from one another in 16 cv 17 D:i} s, which they can't do by Way of the Sea in a Month, nor then w ithout Danger. But tl^.e Winter was fo far nd- vanccd before the Col. arrived, that his Sjldiers were ready to mutiny, for Fear ot being Hiut in/ with the icCj which obliged the Major af:er he had fumjnoncd the Place, and made a few Shot at it, to rerurn home. Thus all tlie Projcds of the English this Year mifcarry'd, their Meafures were broken, and nothing but Muriiuirini;s and Complaints were to be heard from one End of the Province to the other. The Indians on the other Hand were Ih-angely exalted v irh tlieir late Succcfs, and threaincd to ruin the whole Couiury next Sum- mer : In the mean Time they polled themfelves fo advantageouily, that it was hardly fafe for the People on the Borders to ftir out of their Houfes; ^vc Soldiers of the Garrifon oi S^ico were furpriz'd and Ch.xiii. r/?^ History (?/ New-England. 555 and kiird on the 13th of Ociober-, and fingle Per- An»t9 fons, as they were at Work in the Fields without ]^ Number. And to crown the Cilamities oF the Year, there was a very great Scarcity ctall Sorts of Grain in this, as well as in mole other Coun- tries of Europe^ \\ hereby tlie Poor were ready to inutiny for Want ct Bread. I N the Winter the Enemy were pretty quiet, but upun the 15th of Manb they made a De- Ann* fcent upon the Skirts of Haverhill, burnt about '^97 half a Dozen Houfcs, and killed and took 35? Per- fons ; am^ong the Prifoners was one Hannah Dun- flan, a Woman of a mafcuiine Spirit, who had lain in about a Week, and was in her Bed with only her Nurfe and eight fmall Children in the Houfe, when the Indians furrounded it ; her Husband was at Work in the Field, and feeing the Enemy at a Diftance ran homx, and bid 7 of his 8 Children get away as fad as they could to fome Garrifon in the Town ,* he then informed his Wife cf her Danger, but before Ihe could rife the Enemy were fo near, that defpairing to cirry her olt, he took his Horfe and Arms, refolving to live or dye w ith his Children ; he overtook them about 40 Rod from his Houfe, and drove them before fhim, like a Flock of Sheep, as fad . as their little Legs would carry them, WW they got to a Place of Safety about a Mile or two from his Houfe ; the Indians purfiied him all the whde, but he kept in the Rear o^~ his little Flock, and when any ot them came within Reach of his Gun, he prefenced it at them, which made them retreat. But his Houfe in the mean Time was riflM, Und burnt, his Wife, Nurfe, and new-born In- ^ fanr, with about; ten or a Dozen of their Neigh- bours carried into Captivity ; the Indians had not gone many Paces from the Houfe before they difpatched the Chil4j dafliing out its Brains againfl 554 r/y^HisTOP.Y (9/ Ni:w-ExNGLAND. CIi. xiit. A»n9 againfl a Tree, but Mrs. Dunflan and her Nurfu '^i>7 travelled 12 Miles the firft Night, and kept up Willi their new Maflers 'till they had travelled 150 Miles in a few Days; thofe that tired by tliQ Way had, according to Cuflom, the Hatchet bu- ried in their Brains. The Indi.in Family that Dunjlan and her Nurfe were to Icrve confifted of 12 Perfons, two Men, three V/omen, and fe- vcn Ciiildrcn, all Roman-Githoliclc Converts, who faid tlieir Prayers according to the French In- flruftions conitantly three I'imes a Day ; their Mafter was tolerably civil to them, bur rcfolved norwithflanding to carry them to a Rendezvous of Salvages beyond Penacook, about two hundred Miles from the Place wliere he lived, in or- der to their running the Gauntlet through the >vhole Army, which is the Difcipline that all new Prifuners undergo. The whole Family were to have the Pleafurc of this Sight, but as they were on their Journey, on the 3orh of April, a little beforeDay-break, Mi'S.DuyJian obrcr\ ing them all in a profound Sleep, ei^icouraged her Nurfe, and an Englijb Youth who had been taken from M\r- cejler a Year and half before to ftand by her, and aflifl: her in putting them all to Death ; (o each of them lurnilhin:; thcmfelves with a Hat- chct, they ftruck it into the Brains ot ten of them in the dark, before they could make the lead Relillance ; one o( the Women and a Boy got away, but they cut of\' the Scalps of the refi:, and brought them to Bojhri ; for which heroick A(!:tion tliey received a Reward of Fifty Pounds from the General Alfembl}', belidcsfcveral Prefents from private Hands to a conlidcrable Value. The Savages continuing their Excurllons killed one Man at Krky another at H-itfitHy a third at Groto;?, and two or three more at I^xe- tCTy from whence they carried two Children into Captivity; they alfo furprizcd and ihot Major FycJ} Ch.xili. 77;? HisTORV ^/ New-England. 555 Frcft and two of his Company as they were ><»»» coming from Church at Berwick on a Lord's- i^ Day to their own Houfe which was about five Miles diftant ; and two others that were in Com- pany havmg rid Poll to the Garrifon of IVells with the unwelcome News, as they were return- ing back, fell into an Ambufcade of the Enemy, and were killed. About the latter End of ^une they killed three Men at Newichawan- nkk as they were mowing in the Meadows ; A little after a Party of Indians killed a Man that flood Centinel for his Neighbours while they were at Work in the Marfhes at Wells^ and having taken another Prifoner, they carry'd him a Mile and a half oft^ and roaded him to Death. Three Soldiers ot Saco-Fort as they w^ere cutting Fire- Wood for the Ufe of the Fort on Cciv-J/land were fhot dead on the Spot, \vhiie Lieuienant Fletcher with his two Sons who were appointed for their Guard wxre a fowling in the Woods, but the Lieutenant and his Sons paid dear for their Negligence, for as they were returning to their Companions they fell into an Ambulh of the Enemy, and were all three taken Prifoners; one of the Sons afterwards made his Efcape, but the other Son and his Father dyed in Captivity : Thefe and feveral other Misfortunes befell the EiiglijJ) while there were 110 Forces on the Frontiers, every Week producing fome furprizing Difafter. But the moft important Adion of the Sun.mer is yet behind, the French King hav- ing a Squadron of Men of War at this I'ime in the Northern Parts of America, tiie Ad- miral agreed with the Governour of Qiiehec to make a Defcent upon the Coall o^ Neiu- England^ while a Body ol Indians and French fhould invade that Province by Land ; Lieutenant Governour Stoughton having Notice of their Delign did every thing 55^5 r/;^ History i?/ New-England. Ch.xiii- -'««• thing that a wife and prudent Govcrncur could i^ do for tlic Defence ot his Country, he repaired the Furrs about Bojlon^ raifed the Militia through- out the wliole Province, and ordered them to be kept under flridt Difcipl ir.e ; and then fenr Major March at the Head oF 500 Men to the Eaitern Frontiers to fcour the Woods, and obfcrve all the Enemy's Motions on that Side. Upon the Ma- jor's Arrival the Indiaiis retired from the Fron- tiers, but he purfued them as far as Cafco-Bayy having hired iome Tranfports to accommodate his Men in their Pailage thither; from Cafco he failed up further among the Eailern lilaixis, and larded September 9. on the Banks of Z)j7Wiz/fc^f:z- River, near Corbin-Sounds a little before Day- break ,• but before his Men were half afliore the Enemy came dov/n upon them with a loud Huz- za, and gave them a Volley, but without doing any Mifchief; the Major fir'd upon them again in his 'I'urn, and as focn as it was Day both Par- ties engaged ; the Commanders of the Tranfports came alhore to the Aflidance o^ their Friends, and ahcr a brisk Eng:igement of fevcral Hours they drove the Enemy before them to their Ca- noes, w hich lay out of Signt, and faved them from being all cut in Pieces ; in this Action the Enilijh had 12 Men killed, and about as many more wounded : Among the former was Capt. Dymrmxk of B.iryfftable, and amor.g the latter Captain Philips c>t Ch.nrks-Torcn. This little Skirmifli, though of no great Importance in irfelf, broke all the Enemy's Meafures, amj put a Stop to tiie intended Inva(ion of the Rcncb and Indium^ as that did to the Defcent oi the Fleet upon the Coafl, which being fiiattcr'd by a Storm at Sea, and having Notice of tlie Defeat of tiicir Confederate- W/i/;/.v, and of the goo.i Pofture of the EriT^lijh in all Places to receive tlicm, rcturnM to Emrpc, and gave them ni) fur- tiiCi* DiflurbaiKc. W'lii! » Ch.xili. r/^^ History ^/New-England. 557 While the Army was thus employed in the A/w Eaft a Party of the Enemiy plundered the 1'ovvn ^ of Lancafler^ September ii, and killed 20 Men, among who:n was Mr. Whiting the Miniiler, and carried away five into Captivity ; they like- wife burnt feveral Houfes v. ith two or three an- cient People in them, and then retired : Afccr which they were no more licard of 'till the Month of November ^ when they killed a poor Man in the Woods near Oyfier- River ; which was the la:l: A(5tion of the Year. O N the 27th 0*1 March this Year dyed Simon Ann» Bradfireet, Efq; fometime Governour of the Co- ^^^8 lony of the A^ajfachufcts ; and the longed: Liver of all the firft Planters of New-England ; he was bcrn at Horblin in Lincoh-Jhire in the Year 1603, and educated in Emmanuel-College^ Cambridge, of which he was Fellow. Upon his leaving the Univerfity he became Steward firfl: to the Earl of Lincoln, and afterwards to the Countefs of M^arwicky in which Noble Family he continued '"*till he marry 'd the Daughter of Mr. Dudley, by whofe Ferfwafion he engaged in the Projed of making a Settlement in New-England; he came over with the firif Colony in the Year 16-^0, and fcrved his Country firft in Qiiality of Secretary, and then as Governour, 'till their Charter was taken from them ; he was a good Man, but a little too warm in his Zeal againfl: the Anabap- tifti and Qiiakers, as were almoft all the Magiilrates of New-England in thofe Times. After theRevolu- tion in the Year 1689, he refum'd hisPlace of Go- vernour again, by the unanimous Invitation of the People and continued in it 'till Sir IViUiam Phips came over with the new Charter. He was the Fa- ther of his Country, and it was obferved of him, 'That when he vjas almofl po Years old his intelleclnnl Pure.' was hardly abated, but he retained a Vigour and Wifdom that would ha^ue recommended a younger Man 558 77;e History e?/N£W-ENGL AND. Ch.xiii. A,in9 Man to the Government of a greater Colon). He i'ife and prudent Governour ; and declared their Refolution to obey him as their Father ; but that they were willing likewife to live peaceably with the Englijh^ and Scgamore Saqiiadcck dcfired, in the Name of the reft, that if 5^0 T/;^ History o/ New-England. CIi. xiii. A»m \\ any ill Accident n^oulci happen between the i^ two Nations wc would not prcleiuly declare War againll: them, but endeavour to compofc the ]3iHcrencc in an amicable Way. Some Time after, Col. PI. Hips and Major Conziers had another Conference with them, and brought them to renew tlicir Subfcription to the Articles oi Peace formerly made with them in the Year i693y "^^i^h thefe Additions. "AND whereas notwithftanding the afore- X~\, " i'-'^id Submidion and Agreement, the * laid Indians belonging to the Rivers aforefaid, ** or fome of them through the ill Counfcl and " Infiigition of the Eeyich, have perpetrated fun- " dry Hoftilities agaiiifl: his Majeily's Subjects *' the Englijh^ and have nor delivered and return- *^ cd home fcveral Englijh Captives in their " Hands, as in the faid SubmifTion they cove- " nanted. " Wherefore, w c whofc Names are here- " unto fubfcribod, Segamores, Captains, and prin- *' cipal Men of the Indians belonging to the Ri- *' vers of Kenuebecky Ammonofcogginy Suco, and " Parts adjacent, being fenlible of our great Of- *' fence and Folly in not complying with the " aforefaid Submilfion and Agreement, and alfo *' of the Sufterings ar.d Mifchiefs that we have *' hereby expofed ourfelves unto, do in all humble " and mod fubmiilivc Manner caft ourfelves up- *' en his Majefly's Mercy for the Pardon of all *' our Rebellions, Hoftilities, and Violations of *' our Promifes, praying to be received into his ** Majefly's Grace and Protedion, and, for, and " on Behalt- of ourfelves, and of all ihe other ///- *' dians belonging to the fcveral Ri\ ers and Places ** aforefaid within the Sovereignty of his Ma- " jefly of Great-Britain, do again acknowledge '* and profefs our hearty and iinccrc Obedience " to the Ci\.wn of EngLinJ^ uiid do foleninlv rc- ^' new. Ch.xiii. Ti&fHisTORY^/ New-England^ 561 new, ratify, and confirm all and every of the ^'"«> 1699 Articles and Agreements contain'd in the a- ^^^^ ** forefaid recited CommiiHon. And in Tcfti- " mony hereof we the faid Segamores, Captains, " and principal Men have hereunto fet our '^ Marks and Seals at Cafco-Bay near Mares- " Pointy tiie 7th Day of January^ in the tenth " Year of the Reign of his Majefty King WiU ^' liam the I'hird, Annoque Domini^ 16^^-99, Siibfcriled by J^loxus, and the reft of the Segamores p-efent. In the Prefence of James Convers, Cyprian South- ack, John Giles Interpreter, & Scodook, alias Sampfon. Upon the Settlement of Affairs in Europe his Majelly was pleas^i to appoint the Earl of Bella- rnont Governour of the Plantations of Nezv-En- gland and Ne.w-Terk ; the Earl went over in the Deptford Man of War^ and after a tedious Pallage arrived at New-Tork in the Month of May, 169S, and ftaid there the reft of the Year ,• next Spring he met the General Aflembly of the Maffachufet- Bay at Boflon, and opened it with an Excellent Speech in Praife of the Great Adions of the Immortal King IVIL L I A M; he recommended to the Aflembly the repairing of their Fortifica- tions, and furnifhing them with Warlike Stores, the fettling a free Trade with the Indians, and that the Laws they fhould pafs be agreeable to the Laws of England. The AflTembly prcfented an Addrefs of Thanks to the Earl, for his mod: Excellent Speech, by their Speaker, as the Coun- cil did, b^ Lieutenant-Governour Stoughton ; and the Seflions ended with a good Harmony and Agreement between all Parties : But whether the O o Go- 562 The History of New-Exgland. Ch. xili. An,:0 Govcrnour did not like the People, or the Cli- ^^ mate ot' Bo/Ion ; notwithftanding all the Rcfpcdts they could (liew him, he returned to Ne-x-Tork the latter End of the Summer, and made that City the Plate of his Reiidence as long as he lived, continuing Mr. Stoughton in the Place of Lieutenant-Governour, to manage the Aft'airs of NLVj-EugLind in his Abfencc. T H u s afcer a long and expcr.five War, at- tended with the mofl threatning Commotions among themfelvcs, the Aftairs of the Country were fettled on a folid Balis; Trade began to llourilh, and the People rejoyccd in the Blcfllngs of Peace. c .^;, Chap. THE Vrejent State o/" New-England. Chap. XIV. A General Description of the Country. Of the Climate^ Soil^ and ^rodiiB of it. A Defcription of the Town^ and Harbour of Bofton, with an Account of the mofl con-- fiderable Towns and Villages in the Jeve- ral Counties of New-England. Of the Inhabitants^ their 'Number^ their Religio7i^ their Civil Goveryiment^ their Cuftojns^ and Manners^ their Trade^ and Political In- terefls. eu'-England is that Part of the Continent of America, which lyes between the Degrees of 41 and J, 5 North Latitude. Under this Name is ufually compre- hended the Colonies of the Maf- fac/j!ifet-Bay, New-Plimoiithy and ConneBkut ; the Provinces of Main , New - HunifPme , Rhode - IJland , Providence- V lam at ion, and Accadia, or NewSmland. It is O 2 bounded 564 The Prefcnt State Ch. xlv. bour.dqd by Canadct or New-France on the North, by NtiJ-Jhk on the Weft, and by the Ocean on the South and Eaft ; its Length computed on a North-Eaft and South-Well Line from the River K^riiieleck to the South-Eaft Boundaries of Ncvc- Tcrk is about 330 Miles; and its Ereadth on a Soutii-Eafl and Nortii-Weu Line from Cape Ccdy to tiic North- Eait Boundaries ol- New-lork Govern- ment is i>^o Miles, but in other Places 'tis not fo bvoiul. 'I'he Coalt bears VV^efl-South-Eail:, and Eafl- Ncrth-Eaffj and runs about 160 Lergucs in Length, w'ithout reckoning 'the Angles. Thh Situation of this Country being nearer the Equinoctial Line than England by 8 or id De- grees, their l)ays and Nights are more equally di- \idcd; the Sun rifes at B fl^n, ^June the nth, at 4 and 2<5 Minutes m the Morning, and fcts at 7 and ;54 in the Evening : And Decemhey 13, the fliorteft Day in the Year, the Sun rifes at 7 and 55 Minutes in the Morning, and fets ar 4 and 27 in the Afccrnoon. The Climate of Nfix:- England is 'The Climate, not fo temperate as ours in Englandy tlicir Summ.ers being fliOrter and hot- ter, and their Winters longer and colder ; nor is it fo mild and regular as thofc Parts of Italy and France, that lie in the fame Parallel in Europe ; which, as Naturalifls have obferved, is owing to thofe vail: frelh-Water Lakes that lye behind it on the North- Weft fide of the Country, which being conftantl} froze over in theMonthofA^rcVw/^rrjOccaficn" that early Winter vhich is commonly felt in all the adjacent Country, and is one principal Caufe of thofe cold North-Weft Winds that continually blow there in tlie Winter, and are fo fatal to Mariners on the Neij' England Coaft in that Seafon of the Year : 'Lis certain however that the Weather is more fettled than in England^ for it is common Y ith them to have a clear and dry Sky for fix- Weeks Ch. xlv. ^/New-England. 565 Weeks or two Months together. In the Winter the Ground is for .the moft Part cover'd wich Snow from Novefnhe;\ to February^ and in the Summer the Heats are fo exccflive in the Months of J:ine, Jid-j^ and Aiigufly that wiien a Fire has been accidentally made m the Woods, and not cireful);/ put out, it has run like Wild-Fire, and burnt the Turf and Trees over feveral Acres of Ground, ''till Rain has fallen to extirguifli it. In thefe Months the People are very much troubled with ' Musketoesy or little Flies like Gnats, Bugs^ and other Infeds that delight in Heat ; but upon the whole, the Kix: of Nev^- ^ngland is very healthy^ and agrees with our Rn- glijb Conftitutions. I'he Summers are not fo hot but Men may endure the Fleat, nor the Winters fo cold, but with inoderate Exercrfe they may bear the fharpeft Air tor a whole Day together. When the Englijh firft landed en the Coaft the Country look'd like one vafl T'he Soil. Wood, the Indians having only cleared here and there a fmall Spot of Ground for plant- ing Corn ; but upon a narrov/er Survey they found every three or four Miles a fruitful Valley, with a clear frefh Rivulet or Brook gliding through it, and thefe again were (urrounded with vafc v,oody Hills, which afforded a very agreeable Pro(pe(5t. The Land from De la IVare-Bay to Cape Cod is low and flat, like the Shires of EJfex^ Sufolk^ Norfolky Cambridge^Himtington andLincohij'/jire ; but the North- Eaft-Part of the Country is m.ore hilly,refembling the Counties of Hainpfiire^ Durfetjhire, DevoUy and Ctrn- laall ; the inner Part of the Country is for the molt Part Upland, but near ^ the Coafts "tis low and marfliy. 'i'he Soil is generally fruitful, but in fome Places more {q^ than in others j About the Majfa- cImfet-Bay 'tis as flat and black as in any Part of England, and confequently as fruitful. The iiril Planters found the Grafs in the Vailies above an Ell in Hoi^^^lit ; and' confequently, pretty rank, for O o ^ wane 5^6 Tfje Prcfcnt State Ch. \iv. want oF cutting, but their Cattle cat it, and thrive very well with it. Mr. Hii?J-aJon has a rcniarkable Story * relating to the FruiiKilnefs ot the Soil in the Alaffachufttt-Bay; " Credible Per- *' Tons have inFornu^d nic, (fays he) and the Party " himfelF avouched the Truth of it to me, That " ot the fettir.g 13 Gallons of Corn, he had 52 " HogHieads Increafe, eachHogfliead hc^Iding (f^xcn " Bulhch ot" IcWo/z Meafurc ; that he fold every *' Bufliel to the hidiam for fo much Bea\ cr, as w^as *^ worth 18 Shillings: So that of J 3 Gallons of " Corn, which coft him 6s. 8^. he made about " 327 /. in a Year's Time."' But tho' this might be true of fome particular Spots o^ Ground, 'tis cer- tain the Soil in general is not {o fruitful, nor ca- pable of producing fuch Crops of Corn, as the more Southern Plantations of Cvo/hm, M.irylandy and Ncvc-ToL The Uplands more efpcciiilly be- ing for the mod: Part Gravel, Tandy, or fome what ftronger, irxlining to a Clay- Ground, can but little ir.ore than maintain thcmfelvcs. 'Yu r. R E are fix great Lakes to the , ; , Weft and North-Weft of Mii:-E?77laiJci, Lakei ana n 1 ,» 7- • rr m- 1 n- , . . called OtitayitiSj hriiis^ Hiircnsy luinozeLkSy Nddonefficjiiy and Outd'ihii ^ all which have a Communication with each other in the Order they arc mentioned, and fall into the Ri\ er ot Canada^ or St./.rr:c/r/.'fr, making the Stream thereof very rapid ; fome of thefe Lakes are 10-:^ Leagues long, and 30 broad. There are alfo fix lef- fcr Lakes of 10 or 20 Leagues in Length, as, Cham- pliiiiy St. PetO'y 'Tdbitibis, PifLDmagam}\ St. JcnU', and T^'O'iii^a^niiigy which likcwife tall into Canada- River. There are fome Rivers within the Limits ot Ncv- England that arc navigable for feveral Leagues, ai'd would be h much further, were it not for the Falls, as, Pifcataqiia, Cvmicclicuty Mcrri- * Kcw-EnchiiJ TU$tt0ti n itfja p. ^. Ch. xiv. of New-England. 567 macky and Kemiebeck-KivQXSy &c. which are ftore^ with Plenty of very good Fifli. There are likewif^ feveral frcih Springs, and fmall Rivulets that water the feveral Parts of the Country ; and where thefe are wanting, you may fink a Well, and find frefli Water within 10 or 12 Foot of the Surface of the Earth, in mod: Parts of Nc^- England. Several Mines of Lead, Iron, and Copper have been lately difcover'd, which, if encouraged, may turn to a very good Account, and enable the King of England to furnirti his Subjeds with thofe Mettals from his ovn Provinces. Ntzv-England produces very good The ProduH Timber ,• the Woods and Swamps a- of New- bound with =^^ Oak, Elm, Afh, Cy- England, prefs, Pine, Chefnut, Walnut, Cedar, . Afpin, Beech, Fir, Safiafras, and Su- ^'''^'' mach, with all other Sorts of Trees that gro\v iw England. Their Fir and Deal is of an extraordinary Growth^ for Mafts, Yards, and Plunks ,• the Su- mach is of Ufe to Dyers and Tanners; the fiie- Cedar produces fwept Gums : But the Treafure and Glory of their Woods is the Monarch-Oak, the Spruce and Fir-Tree, which produce Pitch, Tar, Rofin, and Turpentine ,• So that the Navy of England might be fupplied from hence with all Sorts of Naval Stores, at a cheaper Rate than from the Baltick ; 'tis owing to this, that more Ships have been built in this Province, than in all tjie other Parts of America put together. The I)warl--Oak grows wild here, and was fent hence into England to be cultivated. The Spruce and Fir-Trees yield a Gum, which hangs like Drops, or little Bladders on the Birk, of a very healing Nature, which in Smell and Taftc very much re- fembles the Balm of Gilead ; thefe Excrefcences are b 4 "^ at 568 The Pi-cfent State Ch. xlv. at firfl Q,[ a Confidence like Turpentine, but af- terwards harden into a Gum. In Ihort, Nroj-En- gliiiid produces a prodigious Plenty of Wood for building and firing, and all other Ufcs of Life. BfcSiDLS, the Country abounds with Fruit, all Sorts of Roots for the Table, as Tur- nips, Parfnips, Carrots, Raddiflies, fyc. \\ hich arc both larger and fw eeter than in Eiigland^ tho' their Seeds were originally carried thence ; as alfo, thcfe for Pompions, Mufmelons, Cucumbers, and Onions, which abound here ; but the Seed of tlie Water- Melons, and Squaflics, which grow here in great Plenty, are fuppofcd to be brought from Portugaly or Tome other Parts of Europe. Ail Sorts of Herbs grew wild among the Grafs, \s hen the. Planters firft took Polleifion of the Coiuur}', as, Pcnny-Rojal, Winter-Savory, Sorrel, Brook-Liir.c, Liver- Wort, Charvil and Water-Cref- fes; aifo Leaks, and divers Sorts of Phyfical Herbs; beiides a vaft Variety of Fruit, as Grapes, Straw- berries, Rasberries, Currans, Chcfnut<^, Filberds, Walnuts, Small-Nuts, Hurtle-Berries, and Hawes of White-Horn, as big as Englijh Cherries, which grew all over the Woods, and without all Qiiefiion are fince very much improved. ^fis generally obferved, that all Sorts of Or- chard-Fruit, as Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Cherries, Peaches, (jc. in Nrx-England far exceed the fiime Kinds in England for Beauty, Larger.efs, and Svveet- nefs, tho* carried originally from ther.ce, exceptitig fuch Fruit only as has the Advantage of a Wall ; there are indeed fevcral .Sorts of Fruit in England-, which arc not to be found in N'civ- England, but they are continually fending for them over, fo that every Year produces new Lnprovcments. T H K RE is a great Variety of Plants in Plants. this Country differing from the Europeans^ of which Dr. C.Mither has long fince pro- inifed tlic World a Catalogue and Dcfcription : In the Ch. xiv- of New-England. 569 the mean Time he has given the Royal Society a Specimen ot Tome of them ; he informs them of a Plant efficacious in curing InBammations, called Antieyif)pela5y of another, called Partridge-Berries^ excellent in curing the Dropfy ; of a Root called the Bleedii7g- Root, which cures thejaundice ,• of a Thiflle called the Boar-T^hijile, very Ihort and pricldy, with a large and long Root ; which with a Decoction of a Root called the Cancer- Root, and a Sort o{ Devil' s- Bit, cures the King's-Evil, tho' very far gone, a fmall Quantity bemg drank every Day, and the bruifed Roots applied to the fcrophulous Tumour. But of thefe American Plants the Dr. promifes a larger Crop, t The Indian Corn being that which is moftly planted in this Coun- Indian Corn, try, it will not be improper to de- fcribe the Culture of iXy as we find it communi- cated to the Royal Society by Mr. Winthrop. * " The Natives call it IVeachin^ and in fome " Southern Parts of America 'tis known by the ^^ the NamiC of Maiis, or MaioLe, The Ear is a " Span long, compofed of eight Rows of Grain, '' or more, according to the Goodnefs of the *' Ground, about thirty Grains in a Row ; ^tis of *' various Colours, as red, white, yellow, blew 3 *' olive, greenifh, black, fpeckled, ftrip'd, 6^c, " fometimes in the (ame Field, and in the fame " Ear, but the white and yellow are the mod " comimon ; the Ear is defended from the Cold " and Storms by flrong, thick Husks ; the Stalk " grows fix or eight Foot high ,• that of Neiv-En-^ '^ gland is not quite fo tall as that of Virginiay " and at Canada \is fhorter than at New- England; •j- :Phihfophical rranfafiious Vol. XXIX. p. 6^- Z Lowthoro'i Ahndgmentj Ihiloj'o^hic^l tranfaBmis^Yol II. P- 6y3, like 570 The Prefcnt State Ch. xi^. " 'tis jointed like a Cane, is tull of Aseet Juice *' like the Sugar-Ginc, and a Syrup as Iweet a?: ** Sugar may be made out ot it, as has been often '' tried : At every Joint there are long Leaves or *' Flags, and at the Top a Branch of Flowers like " Rye-BlolVom. ""Fis generally planted from the *' middle of April to the middle of 71%. In the •' Northern Parts the Alohaick-Coxn is not planted *' "till June, and yet is ripe in Scafon ; the Stalks *< of this Sort are fliort, the Ears near the Bottom, *^ and are of fevcral Colours. 'Fhc Manner of •' plaiiting Maize h in Rows at equal Difrances *' every Way of about h\ c or lix Feet j the Earth is *' open'd with a Hough four Inches deep, and four ^* or five Grains are thrown into it, at a little T^i- *' ftancc from one another in the Breadth ot a " Hough ; then they are covered with Earth : If *' two grow the Crop will anfw^er. 'Fhe Corn is •' weeded at a Hand's Length, and the Earth is *' loofncd about it with a Hough ,* this Labour muft: *' be repeated as the Weeds come up ; when the *' Stalk begins to grow high, a little Earth fliould *' be drawn about it, and on putting forth the Ear *' fo much as to make a little Hill like a Hop-Hill. *' ^Fis ripe about the Middle of Septembe-r ; it muft «' be ftrippM as foon as gathered, unlefs "'tis laid '* thin to prevent its growing mouldy, or fprout- *' ing ; the common Way is tcr weave, or brede *' the Ear together in long Traces, by fome Part *' of the Husk leffthereon, which is called 'Fracing : ** Thefe 'F races arc hung upon Bearers within " Doers, and will keep fo all Winter good and *' fweet; the hhlidiis threlh it as they gather it, " dry it well on Matts in the Sun, and bury it in *' Floles in the Ground lined with Mofs or Matts ** which are their Barns. The EugUihy of late, plant '< it w ith the Help of the Plough ; they turn up " finglc Furrows lix Fc^ot Diftance, then plough '' a-Jrcfs at tiic fame Diilance, throw in the Corn *' wiicro Ch. XIV. ^/New-England. 571 " where thefe meet, and cover it with a Hough, or " run another Furrow over it with the Plough. " T H E Indians boil it ^till it becomes tender, *' and eat it with Fidi, or Venifon, inflead oF " Bread -, fometimes they bruife it in Mortars, and *' fo boil it. The moft ufual Way is to parch it '' in Adies^ ftirring it fo artihcially, as to be very '' tender without burnings this they fiFt and beat " in Mortars into fine Meal, which tiiey eat dry, " or niix'd with Water, and call Nucake. ' The En- " glijh mix it into a very folt Pafte, and make '^ Bread of it, which they bake all Night, or all *' Day. The befl: Sort of Food that is made of it '' is called Samp ; to make it, the Corn is watered ^* half an Hour, beat in a Mortar to the Bigneis " of Rice, lifted, boird, and then eat with Milk, " or Butter and Sugar, which is a very pleafant, " wholefome Diet ; this was the mod ufual Diet *^ of the firfl Planters, and is dill in \]\q, among " them, as well in Fevers, as in Health. "The Englifi have alfo made good Beer of it, *' by Malting it,- or making it into Bread ; when *' they Malt it, it mull: chill both Ways, Root and *' Blade ; to do which, they heap it up at a conve- " nient Time, then take away the I'op of the Earth " in a Garden-Field two or three Inches deep, after *' which they cover the Ground with the Corn, and *' the Corn with the Earth ; when the Plat is green " all over with the Corn-Sprouts, wiiich will be in '' about ten Days, it muff be taken up, the Earth *' iliaken from it, and dried, then wafh^d, and dry 'd ^' again in a Kiln : This makes the Malt, and that ^' Beer, which w^ill be pleafant, wholefome, and cf ^•' a brown Colour, llie Beer made of Bread is '* more durable, and altogether as pleafant : To " do it, they cut the Bread into great Lumps as *^ big as a Man's Fill:, mafh, and manage it as " they do Malt, ."idding, or omitting Hops, as is ♦* delircd. Beans 572 The Prefcnt State Ch. xiv. Bi ANS oF allJi inch grow in Neijo- Engl and Beans, but the grcatcd Plenty is of the Kidney- kind ,• but neither thefe nor the Indian Corn grow wild now, tho' both were found among the Natives when the Englijh hrit went thither. 'Y\-\c Indians have a Tradition, that a Crow brought the hrll Bean, and a Black-Bird the iirft Grain of In- dian Corn into thofe Parts ; for wiiich Reafon thcfe Birds are accounted facrcd by them, tho' they are fo mifchie\ous, that the Englijh contrive all Ways they can think of to dcftroy them. T H H R E is no Country almofl where Fu-uils, there is greater Variety of Fowl, both wild and tame, than in Nevj-England ; as, Brants, Partridges, Turkies, Ducks, Geefe, He- rons, Storks, Heathcocks, Cormorants, Swans, Wid- geons, Doppers, Black-Birds, and Barn-Door Poul- try. Dr. C. Matljcr (liys, they have wild Turkies of 50 or 60 Pound Weight, and vaft Flights of pigeons, which come and depart at certain Seafons of the Year. '* M R. Jvifdyn adds. That he has ken a Flight of pigeons in the Spring, and at Michaelmas^ when they return to the Soutliward, that has reached four or hve Miles in Length, and darkned the very Sun j but of late they are very much diminiHied. f T H E R h is no lefs Plenty of all Sorts cf European Cattle, as Cows, Sheep, Goats, Hogs and Horfes ; the kitter are generally of a fmall Breed, not much larger than our IVdch Horfes, but very fervice- able ; many of them are exported to BavbadoeSy and the Leward-\^VLn(^ for Saddle-Horfes, and fome tor Draught. * fbiL'tybu-m Traitfactions Vol. XXlX. p.C\. \ p. 99. The Ch. xiv. c/ New-England.' 57j The Beafls of the Country are Bears, * Lufctans or Ounces, Foxes, Squunks, Beafls. Ferrets, and Wolves, which are a Species of wild Dogs, like our ordinary Curs in England ; the Indians tafine them when they are young, but they make a hideous Yelling againft rainy Weather ; beiides thefe, there are Elks, Deer, Hares, Rab- bits, Beavers, Otters, Minks, ^ackoons, Mufquafli, Sables, &c. The firft Planters carried on a profi- table Trade with the Indians for the Skins of thefe Animals, but ^tis now mightily decreafed, by the Difufe of Beaver, and other Skins of the Fell- Mongers Manufadure. But the moft valuable and wonderful Animal of Neij:- England is the Mefe^ which Mr. Joffelyn fays is about 12 Foot high, with fair Horns, and broad Palmes ; his Body is a- bout the Bignefs oi a Bull's, his Neck refembles a Stag's, his fore-Legs are longer than his hind, his t Flefh is of a courfe, big Grain, and eats like Beef ; it commonly brings three Calves at a Fall, and timelier than our Englifi Deer by two Months. The Time of hunting this Animal is the Winter^ when they run him down fometimes in half a Day, but they are moft commonly a whole Day about it ; the Ground being then generally covcr'd with Snow, the Beaft finks very heavy every Step he takes : when the Sports- Men get up with him they flioot at him, and he walks flowly after he is wounded, 'till fpent with Lofs of Blood, he falls like a ruined Building, making the Earth fhake under him. When the Englifi firft took Poffef- fion of the Country it abounded with Vipercnf great Numbers of venomous Animals Animah, and Vermin, as is common in Wilder- nefles and Places over -grown with Woods ; but * Relations of Two Toyages to Ncw-Englnnd hy Mr. Joflelyn, (^ent, London, iJl\ Patent ; and the Qiieen, by lier Inftruc- tions to the Duke ot Shreixisburyy demanded it as fuch in the late Treaty of Utrechty but it was bafely yielded up to the Rtiuh by the 13 th Article of that Treaty, though it be a Place of the laft Impor- tance to our Englijh Settlements, not only as it commands the Entrance into St. La-wrence^-Bay, and by Confcqucnce covers all French Canada^ but as xhc French may from hence difturb our New fowtd" iaijd'Yiihcry whenfoever they pleafe. The next Province is New-Ha??ip/hrrey which is bounded by Kennebec k-Kivcr on the Eaft, and Ale-r- rimack-Kivcr on the Weft ; without the Limits of this Province to the Eaftward formerly flood IVil- iia?n and Henry-Fort on the Banks of Pemmaqiiid- River about 40 Rod from High- Water Mark ; it was built by Sir WiUiam Phips in the Heart of the Enemy's Country, and was the bcfi: Fortification in the English America^ but in the Y'ear 16^6 it was betrayed into the Hands of the French, and de- moliilied; the River on which it flood runs 40 or 50 Miles up into the Country. The moft conliderable Towns in New-Hump" Jhin arc, Dovery j Exeter and Portfmouthy j Hampton. I M the midft of this Province \s the County of Main, which as I obferv'd before, belongs to the AldJJdchufets, and contains the following confiderable Towns; thofe with this C^) Mark before them fend Members to the General Aflembly at Bojlon. m Fihnouth, j ^ Torky Scarborough, \ " Kit toy, IVelli, I ^ Berwick, Hedeck or N'wcafik, f The Illcs of Shoales, Edgar-Towm. \ * BiJdiford. Most Ch. XIV. <^ New-England. ^79 Most of thefe Towns have fome fmall Forti- fications to prevent the Inciirfions of the Eaftern Indians who might otherwifc over-run the Country in 24 Hours. Six Miles to the Eafl of SacOy or Scarborough is the I'own of BlacktPcint^ Eaftward of which are the Towns of Kennebech and Sagade^ hock, in all which Places there are Stages for Filher- men : On the Banks of the River Saco was a little Fort mounted with jo or 12 Guns, built in the laft War to keep the Eaftern Indians in Awe. In the Town of IVells were above 100 Families before the breaking out of the {■lid War, but before the End of it the Town was in a Manner depopu- lated. There are feveral fine Rivers in this County, as the Rivers of Kenneheck^ Sagadehocky QifcOy SacOy or Spurnwinck , Kenehunck , Tork , and Pijcataqua ; fome of which are navigable for feveral Leagues up the Country j there are like wife feveral good Harbours in it, as Cape- PorpusJVinter- Harbour^ Pifca^ taqua, and Cafco-Bay ; and feveral lilands on the Coafl, fome of which are i© Miles in Length ; the In-land Fart of the Country is high and mountai- nous, and confequently barren, but upon the Coaft and by the Rivera's Side "^tis tolerably fruitful ; the chief Trade of the Inhabitants is in Beaver, Lum- ber, and Fifli. The inferior Court of Common Pleas is held at Portfmotithy the firfl T'/purfdays in March, ^une, Sep^ tember, and Decembery the fupcrior Court the fe- cond l^uefdays in February and Auguft, Southward of Neuj-Hampjhire is the Pro- vince of the Mdjfachufet-Bay y which receives its Name from the Indian Nation that inhabited thofe Parts before the Englijb took Pofleffion of the Country ; it was cuftomary among the Savages to give Names to their little Nations or Clans, from fome remarkable Hill, River, or Spring about which they lived, but whether this Name had its P p 2 Origin 580 Tfje Prefent State Ch. xiv. Origin from the Majfacbufet-Rivcr now called Charles- Rivej; or from a high Hiil called Beacon- Hilly on the South-Wcfl: Side of the Pcmnfiila on which Boflcd (lands is not abfolutely certain, tho' the latter feem* move probable, from the Account I have received from a learned Gentleman of Ba- fton, \^ hofe Words are thefe ; . " The Sachem or " Segamore, who governed the Indians in this Part " of the Country, when the En^lijh came firft hi- " thcr, had his Scat on a fmall Hill or Upland, ^* containing perhaps an Acre and half, about two " Leagues to the Southward of Bofton^ fronting " Mount Bay, and back'd with a large Tra£t of *' Salt Meadow ; which Hill or Hummoth is now in *' PofleiTion of Capt. John Billings, and lies in the " Shape of an Indian Arrow's Head, which Arrow- *^' Heads were called in their Language Mos ; or " Mons, with an O Nafaly and a Hill in their •* Language is Wctufet^ pronounced according to *' us IVechufct ; hence this gr^at Sachem's Seat was " called Mftfvjetufa, which lignifies n Hill in tf>e «^ jlhife of an Arrow's Heady and his Subjeds *' the Mofiuet/tfct- Indians, from whence with a fmall ^^ Variation of the Word, the Province received " the Name of MaJJaJmftt. ■ T H E Boundaries of this Province are Merri- ))iack-Kii)CY on the North, the Ocean on the Eaft and' South ; and the Provinces of ConneBicut and NevC'Tork on the Weft. The moft Northern County is EJfexy which contains the following Towns, thoie with this (*) Mark before them fend Members to the General Ailcmbly. * Amesburyy * Sal i^ bury ^ - * Haverhill, J* Newkury, • Bo^fjfdf ^ Rowley, *-^ Ipjiiich, * Topi field. Siad- Ch. xiv, of Nfiw-ENGtANjai ^ii * Bradfordy * Gloce/ler, * Manchefter, * Beverly f ** Salem, * Marbleheady * Lyn, * IVenhmny * Andover, The chief Town in this County is Salem, where is one of the fineft built Churches in the Country ^''tis fituate on a Plain between two Rivers, and has two Harbours, Winter- Harbour and Summer-Harbour ; here the Planters of the Majfachiifet-Colony made their firfl: Settlement , the inferiour Court is kept here the lafl: T'uefdays in June and December ; and the fuperior, the fecond Tuefday in November. North- w\ard of Salem is the high Promontory Trabigz,anda, now called Caff Ame, a Place of Fiftiing> and a Harbour for' Ships. A little higher is Ipfwich, a large Town iituate by the Side of a fine River ; the inferiour Court- is kept here the laft luefday m JMarchj and the fuperior the third Tuefday in May, At the Mouth of the River Merrimack, Nevjbury'n pleafantly lituated, where Abundance of Sturgeon are taken and pickled after the Manner ufed in the B a/tick ; the Society for propagating the Gofpei after the Manner of the Church of England have a MifTionary here, to whom they allow 60 I. a Year. Over-againftMiu/^wry on the other Side ofM-rnw^c^- River lyes Salisbury^ where there is a Ferry, the River between the two Towiis being half a Mile broad. Four Miles Southward of Salem is Marble- head, where there is a fmall Harbour, and a rocky Shore ; the Society for propagating the Gofpei after the Manner of the Church of England^ have a Mif- lionary here, to whom they allow 50/. a Year ; Soutln^-ard of Marblebead is the Town of Lyn fitu- ate in the Bottom of a Bay near a River, which on the breaking up of the Winter empties itfelf with a rapid Torrent into the Sea. ' P p 3 * Thb 582 Tie Prefent State Ch. xiv. 1' H E Soil of this County is not very fertile, ex- cept it be near the Coafl, where the mod conlide- rablc Towns are built for the Convenience of Fifhery ; 'tis watered on the North-Eafl: by the great River Merr'nyuuk^ which \k ere it not barr'd in iome Places would be navigable for a great many Leagues ; a little above one of the Falls of this River at a Place called Anwiuskeag^ is a huge Rock in the midft of the Stream, on the Top of \shich arc a great Number of Pits made exa(5tly round like Barrels or Hogflieads of different Capacities, fome of which are capable of holding fevcral Tons ; the Natives * know nothing of the making them, but the neighbouring Indians ufed to hide their Provi- fions here in their Wars with the Maqims, affirm- ing that God had cut them out for that Purpofe, but they feem plainly to be artificial. The next County is Mi ddlefi>i^ in which are the following I'owns. Middlefex - County, * Medjordy * Ne-cstoit, Oxfcrdy ■^ Re.iding^ * She, burn, ^ Stoiv, * S:idb::ry, ■^ Eafi JVatertowH, * JVuburn, =^ JVorcefle-r. The chief Town of this County is Cjwbyidgc, at tirft culled Nnv Tvzvyi^ fituatcd on the Northern Branch of Charles- Rivet; There are feveral fine Streets, and gCKxl Houfes in it, bciides a llourilh- ing Academy^ confiiling of two fpacious Colleges * Billerlca, * Cambridge^ * - Charles -Toivn, * Chelmsford^ * Comer dy * Lcxi}2gtony * GrottQiif * Lancajicry * Alarlbiroughy * MMe}2y * Framinghain^ r r}:i!c'r^^hi:tlTr:irJ'ji^ioui VoL Xxix. p. 70. built Ch. xiv. e?/ New-England. 58 j built of Brick, called by the Names of Harvard- College, and Stoiighton-Hall^ which are both under the Government of one Preiidenr, hve Fellows, and a Trcafurer ; the learned and ingenious Mr. ^ohn Leverett, Grandfon of the famous Governour Leverett, is now Prefident of this Seminary, and is a Gentleman every Way equal to the Poft he has the Honour to fill ; the Academy is at prefent in a very flourifliing Condition, being encreafed within thefe lall: 30 Years from 40 to more than 120 Re- iident Students, infomuch that they have built this Year an additional Hall to the two former ; 'tis a double Building with a double Front like the firll: College, which it faces, and is three Stories high^ befides the Roof I have given a particular Account of the Foun- dation of this Univerfity, and of the Publick Li- brary under the Year 1^37, and ftiall therefore re- fer the Reader back to ity having only thefe two Things to add, That they flill want Endowments for the reading of Publick Lectures in the College by ProfeiTors of the feveral Sciences, after the Manner of the Univerfities of Europe ; and that their Library is very defective in modern Authors, which may be one Reafon why the Stile and Man- ner of the New-England Writers does not equal that of the Europeans : I would therefore recom- mend it to the Gentlemen of Eftates in New-En-- gland who owe their Education to this College; and to all generous Lovers of Learning in thefe Parts of the World, to endeavour to fupply this DdQdi'i that the Clergy of New-England may not only be renowned for Learning, but for Huma- nity and Politcnefs. T H 1 s Fountain of Learning is now capable of fupplying the whole Province with wife and learned Men ,• their Councilors, their Judges, their Mi- nifters, their School-Mailers, and the Gentlemen of the General AfTembly owe their Education to Pp4 it- 5S4 The Prefent State Ch. xiv. it ; ray, the Inllucnces ot this Seminary have reached the neighbouring Provinces, many ot' whofc prefent Minifters and School- M afters were educated in it. T H F inferior Court is held here the fccond Tuef- day in September, and the fuperior tbe laft Tuefday in jfnly. Clmrks-T'cxvn is not inferior to Cambridge in Num- ber of Inhabitants, and e\cceds it much in Re{pe<5t of Trade, being fituated between t^vo Rivers, Mi" Qick-River and Churles-Rivery and parted from Bofton only by the latter, over which there is a Ferry fo well tended, that a Bridge is fcarce wanted, except in Winter, when the Ice \vill neither bear, nor fuf- fcr a Boat to move through it, and tho' the River be mucli broader above the Town, it is not wider in the Ferry-Pallagc than the 'Thames between Lon- d:n and Smnlrccark ; the Profits of the Ferry Ix'long to Harvard-CoWcgQ. The Town is fo large as to take up all the Space between the two Rivers, 'tis beau- tified with a handfome large Church, a Market- place by the River-fide, and two long Streets lead- ing down to it j the inferior Court is kept here the fccond Tuefday in AUrch and Decembcy, and the fu- perior Court the laft Tuefday in ^anuan. Rtadiug is on ordinary To^^n, but commodioufly lituatcJ on the Banks of a great Lake ; there are two Mills in it, one for Grill:, and another to faw Boards. Tun Rivers in this County are fmall, but there •irc a great many of them, which water the Pafture- Grounds, and render this one of the pleafimteft, and moft fruitful Spots in Ncw-ErigLvid-y the Fields arc full oi Cattle of all Sorts, and fupply the Town of Brflon with Beef, Pork, (yc. both for Exporta- tion, and t'ae Home-Confumption. The Commons iire cover'd with Slicep, and rcfemble the County of D(rJon m EvglanJ. The Ch. xiv. of New-Englan©; 585. The next County is SufJky which has the fol- lowing Towns. Siiffolk-Cotmty. *^ * * * BofloHy '^' MiltoUy * Braintrey^ * Rosburyy * Dedham^ '^ JVeymouthy "^ D.rchefter, ^ IVoodflocky '^ Hinghamy ^' M^reyitbam^ Hull, * Brookliny ^= Mcdfield * Needlhimy "^ Mendon, . The Capital of this County, and of all NeiD- England is Bojkn^ which according to the exad Calculation of Thomas Brattle, Efqj is 71 Degrees V/eft from London, Latitude 42 Degrees 24 North, Variation of the Needles, neareft p Degrees Well. 'Tis pleafantly lituated in a Peninfula about four Miles in Compafs at the Bottom of a fine Bay, guarded from the Roughnefs of the Ocean by fc- veral Rocks appearing above Water ; and by above a Dozen Iflands, many of which are inhabited, and one called Nottks-Iflandy within thefe few Years was elleemed worth 2 or ^o^l. per Anyium to the Owner Colonel Sbri?npton ; there is but one com- mon and fafe Pallage into the Bay, and that not rery broad, there benig hardly Room for three Ships to come in, board and board at a Time, but being once in, there is Room for the Anchorage of 500 Sail. The mod remarkable of thefe Iflands is called Caftle-IJlandy from the Caftle that is built in it ; it ftands about a League from the Town upon the main Channel leading to it, and is To conveni- ently fituated, that no Ship of Burtlien can ap- proach the To^^n without the Hazard of being torn, in Pieces by its Cannon. The Fortifications of this Caftle were very irregular 'till K. JVUliants Reign i 586 The Prefent State Ch. xiv. Reign ; vhen Col. Romer a Famous Engineer was fent thirhcr to repair them, the Colonel demoliflied all the old Works, and raifed an entirely new re- gular FortlHcaticn, now called Fort-lViliium y 'tis mounted with about loo Pieces of Ordnance, 20 of which w ere given to the Province by Q^ Annej and arc placed on a Piatfbrni near Higii- Water Mark, fo as to rake a Ship fore and aft, before fhe can bring her Broadfides, to bear againft the Caftle; fome of thefe Cannon carry 42 Pounders. 500 able Men are exempted from all military Du- ty in Tinic of War to be ready to attend the Ser- vice of the Caflle at an Moure's Warning upon any Signal of the Approach of an Enemy, but in Time of Peace a Guard of 50 Men only do Duty. B u T to prevent any poflible Surprize from an Enemy, there is a Light-Houle built on a Reck, appearing above Water about two long Leagues from the Town, which in Time of War makes a Signal to the Caftle, and the Caftle to the Tovs n by hoifting and lowering the Union-Flag, fo many Times as there are Ships approaching, which if they exceed a certain Number, the Caflle fires three Guns to alarm the I'own of Boflon, and the Go- vcrnour, if Need be, orders a Beacon to be tired, which alarms ail the adjacent Country ; fo that unlefs an Enemy can be fuppofed to fliil by fo many Iflands and RocKs m a Fog, the Town of Boflon miift have fix or more Hours to prepare for their Reception; but fuppofing they might pafs the Caille, til ere are two Batteries at the North and South Ends of tlic Town which command the wliole Bay, and make it impolTible for an Enemy's Ship of Burt!ien to ride there in S:ifety, w hile the Mcrchanr-Mcn and fmall Craft may retire up into Chdyles-Ri-jtrr (uit of Reach of their Cannon : Tis equally impoHIble for any Ship to be run away with out of this Harbour by a Pirate ; for the Caflle futfcrs no Ship outward-bound, to pafs with- out Ch. xiv. c/ New-England. 5S7 out a Permit from the Governour, which is not granted without a Clearing from the Cullom- Houfe, and the ufaal Notice of failing, by looiing their Fore-Top- Sail. T H £ Bay of Bofton is fpacious enough to con- tain in a Manner the Navy of England ; tlie Malls of Ships here, and at the proper Seafons of the Year make a kind of Wood of Trees like that which we fee upon the River of "Thames about JVa^fing and Limehoufe, which may eafily be ima- gined when we conlider, that by Computation given into the Collectors of his Majefly's Cufloms to the Governour upon the building of the Light- Hou fes, it appeared that there was 24000 Ton of Shipping cleared annually. At the Bottom of the Bay is a noble Peer 1800 or 2000 Foot long, with a Row of Ware-hou fes on the North Side for the Ufe of Merchants, the Peer runs fo far into the Bay, that Ships of the greatefl: Burthen may unlade without the Help of Boats or Liters ; from the Head of the Peer you go up the chief Street of the Town, at the upper End of which is the Town-Houfe or Exchange ; a iine Piece of Building, containing befides the Walk for the Mer- chants, theCouncil-Chamber, thcHoufe otCommons, and another fpacious Room for the SefTions of the Courts of Juilice ; the Exchange is furroundcd with Bookfellers Shops, which have a good Trade; There arc five Printing Preffes in Boflon^ whicli are generally full of Work, by which it appears that Hurhanity and the Knowledge of Letters flourifli more here than in all the other Englijl) Plantati- ons put together ; for in the City of New-Tork there is but one little Bookfeller's Shop, and in the Plantations of Virginia^ Alar) f and y Carolina^ BarbadoeS'i and the lilands none at alK The Town of Bofton lies in the Form of a half Moon round the Harbour, the furrounding Shore being 588 The Prefent State Ch. xiv. being higli, Jind affording a \cry agreeable Pro- fpect ; there arc fcveral handrorne large Screens in it, which for the Beauty, of the Buildings and Goodncfs of the Pavement may compare with inc^ft in the City oi Londou. Wk may guefs at the Bignefs of the Town by the >3 umber oi its Inhabicanus, which are in Com- ^ariion to thofe of Lo.idm as one to 50 or 52, computing by the Bills oi Mortality, for tlie yearly Bill ot MortaUcy at B?fion is much the fame with one ©f the weekly Bills at London; the yearly Bill for the Year 1718 flood thus, Whites 334 r> • J jNegrocs> Buried < ^^ , f . 1 and >46 Indians S Total 380 Decreas'd 71 So that if we compute the Inhabitants of Londony and the adjacent Villages within the Bills of Morta- lity at aMi)liGn,thofecf ^q//o/; will amount to between 19 and 20000; ^^ hence it appears that the Town is conliderably encreas'd within thcie laft 10 or 12 Years ; for the late ingenious T7;p. Brattle^ Efq; whofe M. S. Oblcrvations arc row before mes fa\ s that in the Year 1708, the Number of Inhabitants did not amount to above 12 or 13000 Souls: He adds 'iUrthcr, that tiie Militia ot the Town confided then ot eight Companies of Foot ot about 150,. or 160 in a Company, and on^ iVoop of Horfe ; but the Inhabitants being fince encreafed above a third Part, their Militia muft now amount to near 2000 Men. Thsre are ten Churches or Places of Publick Worfliip in Bojlcn; lix of the Eflablifhment, namely, the OlJCouyJj i'o called, bccaufe 'tis the Moihcr of all Ch. xiv. of N£w-Ei Dually. ^ r I s the Unhappinefs of this Country to have fK) Staple-Commodity to fend for England in lieu of the Merchandize they receive from thence, but what may be had cheaper from fome Part of £«- rofe cr other ; there are indeed very good Copper and Iron Mines in New-England^ which might be improved and turn to a good Account, but the Par- liament o^England have not thought fit to fufter them to manufatture thofe Metals for the home Con- * iV. B. A Quintal U x IZ. l^cnni WeighU fumptioo. 6oZ The Preferit State CK. xiV. fumption, much lefs to fend them abroad i and whether they can ever make it worth their while to fend them over in Oar or Bars is a very great Qucllion. Great Improvenaents h'kewife might be made in their Timber, Plank, Deals, Hemp, Pitch, Tar, and Turpentine ; and it might be worth our Merchants while to import them from thence, provided Care uas taken by the General Ali'cmbly to prevent Abufes in making up thofe Commodi- ties, and a larger Bounty could be obtained upon the importing them into E'ngland, B u T as Things are at prefent, New^ T'/jeir E}igland muft be poor, tor as they have Money, no Staple-Merchandize worth trading to EiJglaiidv^'izhy io they have no Money, neither Siher nor Gold : About 50 or 60 Years ago , there was Money, coin'd in the Country, but there is hardly enough left now for the Retail Bufinefs; all their Payments among themfelves being made in Province-Bills made legal by Ad of the General Alfcmbly which defcend as low as half a Crown, fo that the Gentlemen of New- England carry all their Money in their Pocket-Books ; hence it is that the Courfe of Exchange runs (0 much to the Difadvajitage of the Country, that 100 1, to be paid in LondoUy is this Year worth 220 and 225/. paid in New-England ; fo that if a Merchant of Boflon flioLild remit his Ellate to London^ it would not be worth half fo much as it is there ; but on the other Hand, if a Merchant of London worth loccj/. Ihould have a Mind to fettle in New- En- gLutdy and carry his Effeds along with him, he might be worth 3000/. on his Arrival there, and li\e as well upon it, as upon 5000/. here. A late Reverend Divine of Boflon Their has told us, that there are above loo Religion. Religious Allemblies and Congrega- tions in the Province oiz\\Q Mujjachujct- Bay, befidcs above ;o Alll-mblics of Chriitian //;- diansy Cb. xiv. ^New-England. 6og dians^ who prcfefs the fame Faith, Order, and Worfliip with the EiiglijI) Churches in thofe Parts ; and tliat there are not above three or four Con- gregations who in their Form of Worfiiip and \^\{-- cipline profcfs themfelves of t!ie Perfwalion of the Church Oi England i * whofcMiniftcrs are fupponed by the Corporation fir Propagating ths Goj'pel in the Parts beyond tJie Seas ; though Ws a little ilrange they fliould put themfelves to fuch an Expence m Nevj- England, when there is another Society , whofe Charter confines them to the propagating of Cnri- flian Knowledge in this Province, and whofe La- bours have been attended with fuch Succefs among the Indians, as is hardly to be paralcl'd ; beiides, how this can fo pi'operly be called Pnpagating tbe Gofpe/y when the Chriftian Religion was planted in thofe Parts long before the Societies MifTionaries fettled in them, I don^t well underfcand; unlefs we will fay, that the New- Englijh Mi niflers don^t preach the Chriftian Dottrine, cr, that the Gofpel can^c fubfift without the Enghjh Liturgy and Difciplinc. I agree 'cis reafonable, that Miniliers of all Perfvva- fions fliould have Liberty to preach the Gofpel in ail Parrs of the World, and the People to hear; but if the Religious Liberties of the Plantations are in- vaded, by the fetting up of Spiritual Courts, &c. in any Part of his Majehy's Dominions in America^ I am fatisfied they v/ill feel the fad Eifeds of it in a very little Time. T Fi E Eftablifli'd Doctrines of the Churches of New-England are the fame with the AJfcmbly of Divines at tVefijninfiey, or with the Doctrinal Ar- ticles of the Church of Engjand, undcrftand- ing them in the Senfe of the Cahini/ls; for the whole Body of tlie Clergy are of that * Stu "f tht Fnvipef of the Mafiachufet-RiV. pefentti to Kit:^ R r Scnti--. 6io The Prefent State Ch. xiv. Sentiment ; Their DiTcipline is Congregational or Indcpcndant, every particular Society being a com- pleat Church, \sith Power to cxercife all Ecclcfi- aftical Juriftiiction, without Appeal to any ClafTis, Convocation or Synod : I'hey allow of Synods for Counfcl and Advice, but not to cxercife the Power of the Keys, as I have fhewn under the Year 1637. I T mufl be allowed, that the Churches of New- Eyighmd were formerly very narrow in their Prin- ciples, and uncharitable to thofe who diftercd fiom them j they had no Notions of Liberty of Confci- encCjbut were for forcingMen to their publick Alicm- blies by Fines and Impriibnment ; but I muft do the prefent Magiftrates and Miniftcrs of the Country ib much Juftice as to inform the World, that they ^rc Men of truly moderate Prir.ciples, who have a becoming Zeal for Truth, but are Enemies to all Sorts of Perfecution for Con fcience- Sake. Re- anaikablc are the Words of the Reverend Mr. Cole- man^ ore of the Minilters of Bufioi?, in his Sermon preached on a Faft-Day, March 22, ij 16. *' * If *' there be any Cuftoms in our Churches (fays he) *^ derived from cur Anceftors, wherein thofe Terms *^ of Church-Communion are impofed which Chrifl ** has not impofed in the New Tefl anient y they ought *^ to be laid alide, for they are juftly to be con- *' demned by us, becaufe we complain of Impoli- *' tions in other Communions, and our Fathers fled " from the iamc. If there ever was a CuRom a- *' mong us, whereby Communion in our Churches- " was made a Teft for the Ei?joyment of Civil Pri- " vileges in the State, we liavc done well long ** (ince to abolilh fucli corrupt and pcrfccuting " Maxims, which are a Mifchief to any free People, '' and a Scandal t ) any Communion to retain. If ** there were of old among our Fatliers any Laws T^gc io, 21, 21, ■ ^na(5lcd. Ch. xiv. of New-England.' 6i i '^ enaded, or Judgments given, and Executions « done according to thofc Laws which have carry cl « coo much the Face of Cruelty and Perfccution, « we oucrht to be humbled greatly tor luch Lrrors « of our "Fathers, and confefs them to have been ^^ finful ; and bleffcd be God for the more Catho- ^^ lick Spirit of Charity, which now diftmguilhes <' us • Or, if any of our Fathers have dealt *< proudly in cenfuring and judging others who '' differ^d from them in Modes of Worfhip, let us <* their Pofterity the rather be clothed with Hu- « mility, Meeknefs, and Charity, preferving Truth « and Holinefs with the laudable Zeal of our Pre- « decelTors." And Dr. Cotton Mather has a Pal- facre to the fame Purpofe \Northy the Reader s Ub- fe?vation. " * In this Capital City o^ Bo (I on (fays «' he) there are Ten Afiemblies of Chriftians ofc « different Perfwafions, who live fo lovingly and -^ peaceably together, doing all the Offices of good « Neighbourhood for one another m fuch a Man- « ner as may give a fenfible Rebuke to all the Bi- « Pots of Uniformity, and fhew them how con- « liflent a Variety of Rites in Religion may be « with the^Tranquillity of humane Society, and <^ may demonftrate to the World, that Perfecution « for confcientious Diffents in Religion is an Aho- " mination of Defolatiun, a Thing whereot all wiic " and juft Men will fay, Curfed he its Anger, for it " is fierce, and its Wrath, for it is cruel. The Ordination of Minilters in Nei^'Engla'nd is performed by the Impofitions of the Hands ok the Paftors of the neiG;hbouring Churches, aher the Manner of the Presbyterians in England, with this Difference, that they never ordain, but to a Osre, or upon an Election of feme Church to the 1 a- • Ftllowjhip of the Churches anrtex.l to the Qriivk'ion-Semon of Mr, PriiKe, i>. 7r:eyica lying and being in Brt?adth from 40 Degrees of Northerly Latitude from the Equinoctial Line to the 48th Degree of the faid Nor- therly Latitude incluGvely, and in length of, and with- m all the Breadth aforefaid, throuehnut all the mairt S V Lands 6i8 APPENDIX. Numb. I. Lands from Sea to Sea, together alfo with all the hnn Lands, Soils, Grounds, Havens, Lores, Rivers, Waters, Lilhings, Mines and Minerals, as well Royal Mines of Gold and Silver, as other Mines and Minerals, precious Stones, Qbiarrics, and all, and fingular other Commo- dities, Jurifdi(;:[ions, Royalties, l^rivileges, Iranchifes and Preheminenccs, both within the faid Tra6t of Land upon the Main, and alfo wuhin the lllands and Seas adjoin- ing ; provided always, that tlic faid Lands, lilands, or any the 1 remifos by the faid Letters Patents intended, and meant to be granted, were not then adually polfef- fed, or inhabited by any other Chriftian Prince or State, or within the Bounds, Limits, or Territories of the fouthern Colony then before granted, by the faid lateKing 'jfcVKes the Pirlt, to be planted by divers of his fubjetts in the fouih parts : lb have, to hold, poffefs and en- joy all, and lingular the aforefaid Continent-Lands, Territories, Iflands, Hereditaments, and 1 recintts. Seas, Waters, Fifhing, with all, and all manner of their Com- modities, Royalties, Liberties, Preheminences, and Pro- fits that (liould from thenceforth arife from thence, with all, and fingular their Appurtenances, and every Part and Parcel thereof unto the faid Council, and their Suc- ceflors and Adigns for ever, to the fole and proper Ufe and Benefit of the faid Council, and their Succeflors and Afligns for ever: To be holden of his faid late Majefly King James the Pirft, his Heirs and SuccefTors, as of his Mannor of /v//?-^)^^;/!^/^/; in the County of A'tv/r, in free and common foccage, and not in Capite^ nor by Knight^s fervice ; yielding and paying therefore to the late King, his Heirs and Succelfors, the hfth Part of the Oar of Gold and Silver, which fhould from Time to Time, and at all Times then after happen to be found, had, and obtained, in, at, or within any of the faid Lands, Limits, territories, or PrccinCts, or, in, or with- in any Part, or Parcel thereof, for, or in Refpedt of all, and all manner of J3uties, Demands, and Service what- i'over, to be done, made, or paid to the faid late King ^Jiimei the HrR, his Heirs and Succellors, (as in, and by the faid Letters Patents, amongll fundry other Claufes, Powers, Privileges, and Grants therein contain'd, more at large appearcth ) : And where.is the faid Council efta- blillltd at Plmwnthy in the County of Devon, for the planting. Numb. I. APPENDIX. 619 planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of New-En- gland in America^ did by their Deed indented under their common leal, bearing Date the igth o^ March^ in the Third Year of the Reign of our Royal Grand- Father King Charles the Firll, of everblefled Memory, give, grant, bargain, fell, infeoii, alien, and conhrm to Sir Henry Rfiveil, Sir John Ihung, Knights, Thomas Southcotty Juhn Humph, eys, John Endicott, and Simon Whetcombcy their Heirs and Affigns, and their AfToci- ates, for ever all that Part of New England in America aforefaid, vi'hich lyes and extends between a great River there, commonly called Monamack, alias Merimacky and a certain other River there called Charles-River, being in a Bottom of a certain Bay there, commonly called MaJfachujettSy alias Mattachi{jettSy alia6 Majfatufetts- Bay ; and alfo all, and lingular thofe Lands, and Heredita- ments whatsoever lying within the fpace of three Englifi Miles on the fouth part of the faid Charles-River, or of any, and every part thereof; and alfo all, and lingular the Lands, and Hereditaments whatfoever, lying, and being within the fpace of three Englijb Miles to the fouthward of the fouthermoft part of the faid Bay, called Majfachufets, alias Mattachnfets, alias Majfatujets-Bay ; and alfo all thofe Lands and Hereditaments whatfoever which lye, and be within the fpace of three Englijh Miles to the Northward of the laid River, called Mo- ncmacky alia'; Merimack, or to the Northward of any^ and every I art thereof, and all Lands and Hereditaments whatfoever, lying within the limits aforefaid north and fouth in latitude, and in breadth, and in length, and lon- gitude, of, and within all the Breadth aforefaid through- out the main Lands there, from theAtlai-itick and wefierri Sea and Ocean on the Eaft part, to the fouth Sea on the Weft Part, and all Lands and Grounds, Place anld Places, Soil, Woods, and Wood-Grounns, Havens, Ports, Ri- vers, Waters, Filings and Hereditaments whatfoever, lying within the faid Bounds and Limits, and every Part and Parcel thereof, and alfo, all Iflands lying in America aforefaid, in the laid Seas, or either of them on the WeRern or Eaflern Coafts, or Parts of the faid Tradts of Land, by the faid Indenture mentioned to be given and granted, bargained, fold, enfeohed, aliened, and confinn'd, or any of them ; and alfo, all Mines and Mi- S f 2 r.eral';. 620 APPENDIX. Numb. I. nerals, as well Royal Mines of Gold and Silver, as other Mines and Minerals whatfoever in the faid Lands and Premiircs, or any Part thereof, and all Jurifdidions, Ri^^hts, Royalties, Liberties, Freedoms, Immunities, Privilei^es, Lranchifes, Preheminences, and Commodi- ties whatfoever, which they the faid Council eitablifh'd at Pinnoutby in the County of Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing o^ New- Engl and in A- merkay then had, or might u(c, exercife, or enjoy, in, or within the faid Lands or Lremiifes, by the fame In- denture mentioned to be given, granted, bargained, fold, enfeoffed, and conhrm'd in, or within any Part, or Parcel thereof: To have, and to hold the faid Part of New-England in Ameyica, which lyes and extends, and is abutted as aforefaid, and every lart and Parcel there- of, and all the (aid lilands, Rivers, Ports, Havens, Wa- ters, Fifhings, Mines, Minerals, jurifdidtions, Franchi- fes, Royalties, Liberties, Privileges, Commodities, He- reditaments and Premiffes whatfoever, with the Appur- tenances, unto the faid Sir Henry RofweU, Sir John Totoig, Thomas Southatty John Humphreys, John Endi- cott, and Simon W/jttiOwbe, their Heirs and Alligns, and their Affociates for ever, to the only proper and abfolute Ufe and Behoof of the faid Sir Henry Rojuell, iir John I'cung, Thomas Southcott, John Hu?nphre)S^ 3'^^*^ Endi- an, and Simon IVhetcomXe, their Heirs, and Alligns, and their Ailociates for evermore : To be holden oi our faid Royal Grandfather King Charles the Firft, his Heirs and Succellors, as of his Mannor of EajlGreen- luich, in the. County of Kent, in free and common foe- cage, and nut in Capite, nor by Knights fervice, yield- ing, and paying therefore unto our laid Royal Grand- Father, his Heirs, and SuccefTors, the hfth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver, which Ihould from Time to Time, and at all Times hereafter, happen to be found, gotten, had, and obtained in any the faid Land within the faid Limits, or, in, or within any P.irt therciif, for, and in I'arisfaction of all manner of Duties, Demands, and fervices whatfoever, to be done, made, or paid to our laid Royal Grandfather, his Heirs or Succelfors, (as in and by t^^c faid recited Ind'jnture may more at larpe a])pear ) : And whereas our faid Royal Grandfa- ther in, and by his Letters Patents under the Great Seal of Numb. I. APPENDIX. 621 oi Engl mid ^ bearing Date at Weflm'mfter the 4th Day of Marchy in the 4th Year of his Keign, for the conlide- ration therein mentioned, did give, grant, and conhrm unto the faid Sir Henry Rtjivei/, Sir jfohy/ Tcuug^ 'Tho- mas Sotithcotty John HumjjhiejS^ John Endicott, and »S7- monlVhetcOJnbe, and their Allociates before-named, "viz.-. Sir Richard Saljlopflally Knight, Ifaac JJmJon, Samuel Alderfej, John Ven, Matheiv Craddock, George Ha)iijOody Increaje rJoivell, Richard Perr)\ Richard BeLihghainy Nathaniel Wright, Samuel Va,JfalI, T'heophilm Eaten, Thomas Goffe, Th&mai Adams, Jchn Bron'n, S.imuel Brown, "Thomoi Hutchins, IVilliam Vajfal, William Pin- cheon, and George Foxaofi, their Heirs and Affigns, all the faid part of New-England in America, lying and ex- tending between the Bounds and Limits in the faid In- denture exprefTed, and all Lands, and Grounds, Place, and Places, Soils, Woods, and Wood-grounds, Havens, Ports, Rivers, Waters, Mines, Minerals, Jurifdidtions, Rights, Royalties, Liberties, Freedoms, Immunities, Pri- vileges, Franchifes, Preheminences, and Hereditaments vvhatfoever, bargained, fold, enfeoiied, and conhrm'd, or mentioned, or intended to be given, granted, bar- gained, fold, enfeofied, aliened, and confirmM to them the faid Sir Henry Rofwell, Sir Jvhn Toung, l^ho/ncis Southcott, John Humphreys^ Jchn Endicott, and Simon Whetcomle, their Heirs and Afligns, and to their AlTo- ciates for ever, by the faid recited Indenture, to have, and to hold the faid part of New England in America, and others the Premi/Ies thereby mentioned to be grant- ed and confirmed, and every Part and Parcel thereof, with the Appurtenances, to the faid Sir Henry Rofn-ell, Sir John Tuung, Sir Richard Salftonftall, Thomas South- cctt, John Humphreys, John Endicott, Sinion Whetcombe, Ifaac Johnfvn, Samtiel Alderfey, JJm Ven, Matthew Craddcck, George Harwood, Increafe Noweli, Richard Perry, Richa-d Bellinqjiam, Nathaniel W> ight, Samuel Valfall, The\phihi6 Eaton, Thoirm Goffe, Thomas Adrms, John Brown, Samuel Brown, Thomas Hutchins, William VaJ]all, William Pinch eon, and George Foxcroft, their Heirs and AlTigns for ever, to their only, proper, and abfolute Ufe and Behalf for evermore, to be holden of our f^id Royal Grandfather, his Heirs and Succeifors, as of his Manner of Eaft-Greenwich aforefaid, in free S f 3 and 622 APPENDIX. Numb.L and common foccage, ar-d not in Capitey nor by Knight's fervice, and alfo yielding, and payin;^^ there- fore to our faid Koyal Grandfather, his Heirs, and Succeffors, the fifth Part only of all the Oar of Gold . and Silver, which from Time to Time, and at all 1 imes after Ihould be theie gotten, h.iJ, or obtained, for all Services, Exactions, and Demands wliatfocver, accord- jng to the 'i enor and Refervation in the faid recited In- denture exprellcd. And further, our faid Koyal Grand- father by the faid Letters Patents did give and grant unto the laid Sir Htnyy Rojue/I, Sir yjhi Toiingy Sir Richard Salto}7fiall, Thomas Southcott, Jihti Humphye)Sy ^ohn Eudicott, Simcn IVhetcombey Ifaac ^uhnJLiiy Samuel Aldeyfey, yobn Ven, Matthew Craddock, Geo)ge Haruoody Incredfe rJowell, Richard Perry, PJchard Eellingham^ Nathaniel IVnght, Samuel Vajfall, Williajn PihcheoUy and George Foxcroft, their Heirs and Afligns, all that faid part of Neiv England in America^ which lyes and extends between a great River there, commonly called JMynomacky alias Merimack- River, and a certain other lliver there called Charles River, being in the Bottom of a certain Bay there commonly called Majjachufetts, alias Mattachujetts, alias Alnjjacufetts Bay ; and alfo all and fingular thofe Lands and Hereditaments whatfoever; lying v/ithin the fpace of three Englijh Miles, on the South Tart of the laid River called Charles- River, or of any, or every Part thereof, and alfo all and fingular the Lands and Hereditaments whatfoever, lying, and being within the fpace of three Eyrjijh Miles to the fouth- ward of the fouihcrmoll: Part of the faid Bay called Alajjachufetts, alias Mattacufetts, alias Mifjadulttts Bay, and alfo all thofe Lands and Hereditam.ents what- foever, which lye and be within the fpace of three En- glijh Miles to the Northward of the faid River called Aknomack, alias Alerimack, or to the Northward of any and every Part thereof, and all Lands and Hereditaments whatfoever lying within the Limits aforcfiid. North and fouth in Latitude, and in Breadth, and in Length, and Longitude of, and within all the Breadth aforefaid, throughout the main Lands there, from the Atlamick ox Weilern Sea and Ocean en the Eaft Part, to the fouth Sea on the Well Part, and all Lands, Grounds, 1 lace and Ilaccvs, Soils, Woods, and Wood finds, Ha- vens, Numb.I. APPENDIX. 625 vens. Ports, Rivers, Waters, and Hereditaments what- foever, lying within the faid Bounds and Limits, and every Part and Parcel thereof j and alio, all Itlands in America aforefaid in the faid Seas, or either of them on the Wellern or Eaiiern Coafts, or Parts of the faid Tratts of Lands, thereby mentioned to be given and granted, or any of them, and all Mines and Minerals, as w^U Royal Mines of Gold and Silver, as other Mines and Minerals v^'hatfoever in the faid Lands and Pre- milTes, or any Part thereof, and free Liberty of Fifli- ing in, or within any of the Rivers, or Waters within the Bounds and Limits aforefaid, and the Seas thereunto adjoining, and all Fifhes, Royal Fifhcs, Whales, Balene, Sturgeon, and other Fiflies of what Kind or Nature foever, that fhould at any Time thereafter be taken in, or within the faid Seas, or Waters, or any of them, by the faid Sir Benry Rofwelly Sir John Toung^ Sir Ri- chard Saljion/iall, Thomas Southcctt^ '\}uhn HumphreySy yolm Eiidiatty Simon Whetcombe^ Ifaac Juhnfon, Samuel Alder fey, John Ven, Mattheiu Cr ad dock, George Narivoody Iiicreafe No'well,' Richard Perry, Richard Bellir/ghamj Nathaniel Wright, Samuel Vajjall, Theophilus Eaton, "Thomas Goffe, Thomas Ada?7js, John Brown, Samuel Brown, Thomas Hutchins, William Vajjall, William Pincheon, and George Foxcroft, their Heirs, or Affigns, or by any other Perfon, or Perfons whatfoever there inhabiting, by them, or any of them to be appointed to fifh therein. Provided always^ that if the faid Lands, lilands, or any the PremilTes beforementioned, and by the faid Letters Parents lall: mentioned, intended, and meant to be granted, were at the Time of the grant- ing of the faid former Letters Patents, dated the third Day o{ November, in the i8th Year of the, Reii;n of his late Majefly ¥J\r\^ James the Firft, adually poflefs'd, or inhabited by any other Chriliian Prince, or State, or were within the Bounds, Liinits, or Territories of the faid fouthern Colony then before granted by the faid King, to be planted by divers of his loving fubjects in the fouth part o{ America, that then the laid Grant of our faid Royal Grandfather fhould not extend to anv fuch parts or parcels thereof fo formerly inhabited, or lying within the Bounds of the fouthern Plantation as aforefaid. But as to thofe parts or parcels fo polfefred, S r 4 or 624 APPENDIX. Numb. I. or iiilinbited by any fuch Clirifii^n Prince or State, or being wichin tlie Boundaries afureliiid, (liould be utterly void i to have, and to hold, polxls, and enjoy the Tald parts o{ Ntix:-E,:glaiid in A?)U'Yicay which lye, extend, and arc abutted, as atr;reraid, and every part and parcel thereof, and all the lllands. Rivers, Ports, Havens, Wa- ters, lifliings, Fifhes, Mines, Minerals, JuriiliiCtions, tranchiles, Royalties ^ Liberties, l^rivile^^es, C^cnnmodi- ties, and Pi^emiiles wiiatfoev^r, with the Appurtenances, unto the faid Sir Hemy Rojuel/y Sir J hi Toin.gy Sir Richard Salllorifially Thomas Scuthatt, J'^hn Humphreys, John Endicotty S'uncn IJ/hetcombey IJaac J hnj'n, Samiiti Aldeyjty, John Ven, Alatthaiv Cradduk^ George Hmivocdy Liceaju Niirell, Richard Pe.ry^ Richard Bcliinghamy Nathaniel Wright, Sa7Huel VaJ]ah\ Thenphihn Eattn, Thomas Gcffe, Thomas Adams, J hyi Broiai, Samuel Brcvjn, T'homas Hut chins, William f^ajfall, William Pin- cheon, and George Foxcroft, their Heirs and AlTi^.ns for ever, to the only Life and Behoof of the laid Sir Henry Rcju'ell, Sir Jchn Toung, Sir Richard Saljhnjl all, Thomas Southcott, John Humphreys, John Endicat, Simon ll-het- combe, Ifaac John/on, Samuel Alde^fey, J hn Ven^ Alat- theu Craddcck, George Ha) zvocd, Idcreaje Nun-ell, Richard Perry, Richard Eellingham^ Nathaniel Wright, Saimiel Vajjali, T^hecphiJm Eaton, Thnnas Gcjjc, Thomas Adatns, John Brown, Samuel Brciin^ Thc?nas Hutchins, M'^iHiam l/ajjall, William. Pinchecn, and George Foxooft, their Heirs and AfHpns for evermore, to be holden of our Royal Grand lather, his Heirs and Succedors, as of his Mannor of Eafi Greenwich in the County oHxent, with- in the Realm of England, in free and common foccage, and not in Capite, nor by K'nipht's fervice : And alfo yielding and paying therefore to cur faid Royal Grand- father, his Heirs and Succeilors, the fifth part only of all the Oar of (lold and Silver, Vv-hich from Time to Time, and at all Times hereafter fhould be gotten, had, or obtained for all Services, Hxadnions and Demands whatfoevcr : Provided always, and his Majedy's exprefs Will and Meaning was, that only one fifth part of all the gold and blver Onr above mentioned in the whole, and no more fliould be an^Aered, referv*d, or payable nnto our faid Royal (grandfather, his Heirs and Succef- fors, by colour or vertue of the faid lafl mentioned Letters Numb. I. APPENDIX. 615 Letters Patents, the double Refervation, or Recitals aforel'aidj any thing contained therein notwirh Ran ding. And to the end that the attairs and Bufinefs which froai Time to Time Oiould happen and arile concerning the faid Lands, and the Plantations of the fame might be the better manag'd and orderM, and for the good go- vernment thereof; Our laid Royal Grandfather King Charles the Firll did by his faid Letters Patents create and make the faid Sir Henry Rofuelly Sir yohn Toung^ Sir Richard Salftonfiullj Thmias Southcott, John Hurn- fhreySy John Endictty Shmn M'^hetcombe^ Ifaacjohnfciiy Samuel Alderjey, Jvhn Ven^ Matthew Cvaddcck^ George Harwvod, Increafe Nozvell, Richard Perr)\ Richa-d Bel- lingham, Nathainel JVrigbt, Samuel Vajfall^ and Theo- fhiim Eaton, T'homas Giffe^ Thomas Adayns^ "Jhn Broixjiiy Samuel Bnrccn, T'homas Hutchins^ fVJ/iam Vajjall, William Pi/icheo??, and George Fo>:croft^ and all fuch others as fhould thereafter be admitted and made free of the company and fociety therein aftermentioned, one Body corporate and politick in Fad and Name, by the Name of, The Govermur and Company of the Mafja- chufetts Bay in New England ; and did grant unto them and their fucceffors, divers Powers, Liberties, and Pri- vileges, as in, and by the faid Letters Patents may more fully and at large appear : And whereas the faid Govets- nour and Company of the Majfachi/fetts Bay in New England, by vertue of the faid Letters 'Patents did fettle a Colony of the Englijh in the faid parts o[ America^ and divers good fubjeffs of this Kingdom encouraged and invited by the faid Letters Patents, did tranfport themfelves and their Efteds into the fame, whereby the faid Plantation did become very populous, and divers Counties, Towns, and Places w^ere created, erected, made, and fct forth, or dcfigned within the faid parrs of Ajnerka, by the faid Governour and Company for the Time being : And whereas in the faid Term of the Holy Trinity, in the 56th Year of the Reign of our the faid Court again 0: the Governour and Company of the Majfdcbufetts Bay in New England, that the laid Letters Patents of our faid Royal Grandfather King Charley 6ii6 APPENDIX. Numb. L ChT.les the Firft, bearing Date at IVtftminJle,- the 4th Dayo^MayJj, in the Four:h Year of his Reign, niade and granted to the laid Governour and Company ot the Majjuchufctts Bay in Ntw EngLiiid^ and the Enrollment of the fame, fliould be canceird, vacated and annihilated, and Ihould be brought into the laid Court to be canceli'd (as in and by the faid Judgment remamingupon Record in the faid Court, doth more at large appear) : And whcre.is feveral pcrfons employ'd as Agents in behalf of our faid Colony of the Mijjdchujetti- Bay in Nciv-ErigLuid, have made their humble Appli- cation unto us. That we would be graciouily pleafed by our Royal Charter, to incorporate our Subjects in our faid Colony, and to grant and conhrm unto them fuch I'ovvers, Privileges and Pranchifes as in uur Royal Wifdom ihould be thought moll conducing to our Interell: and Service, and to the Welfare and happy State of our Subjects in Ne-jj-EngLuid ; and v. e being graciouily pleafed to gratify our faid Subjeas, and alfo to the end our good Subjeiirts within our Colony of Nevj Plymouth in Ntiv-Englandy aforefaid, may be brought under fuch a Form of Government, as may put them in a better Condition of Defence ; and confidering as well the granting unto them as unto our Subjects in the faid Colony of the MjjfuchufettS' Bay, our Royal Charter, with reafonable Powers and Privileges, will much tend, not only to the Safety, but to the tlourifhing Eilate of our Subjects in the faid Parts of New England^ and alfo to the advancing of the Ends for which the faid Plantations were hid encouraged ; Of our fpecial Grace, certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, have will'd and ordain'd, and we do by thefe Prefents for us, our Heirs and Succelfors, will and ordain. That the Factories and Colonies, commonly called and known by the Names of the Colony of the ALiJJjchujfetts Bay, and Colony of Neii-'P/\j)iouth, the Province of AfaiHy the Territories calPd Acadia^ or iVLi/.i Scotia ; and th;it all the Tract of Land lying between the faid Territories of A^o^^'^ 5tof/l o APPENDIX. Numb.I. DanltU and Sihanus D.izies, Efqs, the firft and prefent Counfellors or Affiflants of our fai J J'rovince, to con- tinue in their laid rclpeaivc Oifices of 'I rulis of Coun- fellors or AfTiftants, until the lall IVecbicfdiiy in Majc which fliall be in the Year of our Lord 1695, and until other Counfellors or Afliftants fhall be chofen and appointed in their Read, in fuch manner as in thefe Prelcnts is expreiled. And we do further, by thefe Prefents, conftitute and appoint our Trufty and Well- beloved Ifaac Addlii^tonj tfq; to be our hrfl and prefent Secretary of our laid Province, during our Fleafure. And our Will and Pleafure is. That the Governour of our faid Province for the Time being, fhall have Authority, from time to time, at his Direction, to allemble and call together the Counfellors or AfTiftants of our faid Province for thd time being; and that the faid Governour, with the faid AlTiflants or Counfellors, or feven of them at the leaft, (hall and may, from time to time, hold and keep a Council for the order- ing and directing the Atlairs of our faid Province. And further, we will, and by thefe Prefcnts tor us, our Heirs and Succeffors, do ordain and grant, that there fliall and may be convened, held and kept by the Governour for the time being, upon every lafl Wednef^ day in the Month of A% every Year for ever, and at all fuch other times as the Governour of our faid Province fhall think ht, and appoint, a great and general Court or Aflembly; which faid great and general Court or Af- fembly (hall conlifl: of the Governour and Council or Aniflants for the time being, and of fuch Freeholders of our faid Province or Territory, as fliall be from time to time cle(5ted or deputed by the major part of the Free- holders, and other Inhabitants of the rcfpective Towns or Places, who Ihall be prefent at fuch Elections, each of the faid Towns and Maces being hereby impowcred to elect and depute two pcrfons, and no more, to ferve for, and reprefent them refpectively in the faid great and gener.il Court or Alfembly ; To which great and gene- ral Court or Allembly to be held aforefaid, we do hereby for us, our Heirs and Succeliors, give and grant full Power and Authority from time to time to direct, appoint and declare what Number each County, Town and Place llwll elect and depute, to ierve ^^ly and repre- fent Numb.I. APPENDIX. 6^t fent them refj^ectively in the faid great and general Court or Aiiembly. Provided ahvays, that no Free- holder, or other Perfon, (hall have a Vote in the Election of Members to ferve in any great and general Court or Aflembly, to be held as aforelaid, who at the time of fuch Llection Ihall not have an Eftate of Freehold in Land within our laid Province or Territory, to the Value of Forty bhiW'mgs per Annum at the ieaft, or other Eliate of Fifty pounds Sterling ; and that every perfon who Ihall be {\^ elected, fhali, before he lit or act in the faid great and general Court or Aflembly, take the Oaths mentioned m an Act of Parliament, made in the tirft Year of our Reign, entitled. An Acifor Abrogat- ing of the Oaths c/ Allegiance and Sup emacy, and appoint- ing other Oaths, and thereby appointed to be taken inflead of the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy : and fhall make, repeat, and fubfcnbe the Declaration mentioned in the faid Acts, before the Governour, or Lieutenant, or Deputy-governour, or any Two of the Alfifiants for the Time being, who fhall be thereunto authorized and appointed by our faid Governour. And that the Go- vernour for the Time being, fhall have full Power and Authority, from time to tim.e, as he ihall judge neceflary, to adjourn, prorogue and diflolve all great and general Courts or Ailemblies, met and convened as aforefaid. And our Will and Pleafure is, and we do hereby, for us, our Heirs and SuccefFors, grant, eftablifh and ordain. That yearly, once in every Year, for ever hereafter, the aforefaid Number of Eight and Twenty Counfellors or Alfiliants, fhall be by the general Court or Aflembly newly chofen : That is to fay. Eighteen at leaft of the Inhabitants of, or Proprietors of Lands within the Ter- ritory formerly called T'he Cclony of the Maffachufett' s Bay, and four at the leafl of the Inhabitants of, or Proprietors of Lands wiihin the Territories formerly called Ne\\)- Plymouth ; , and three at the lead oi the Inhabitant's of, or Proprietors of Land vvithin the Territory formerly cali'd The Province of Main, and one at the leafi of the Inhabitants of, or Proprietors of Lands, within the Territory lying between the River of Sadagahick and Nova Scotia ; and that the faid Counfellors or Afiiftants, or any of them, (hall or may at any time hereafter be removed or difplaced from 6? APPENDIX. Numb. I. from their rcfpective Places or Trull: of Counfcliors or Alliftants, or any of them, (hiiU or may at any time hereafter be remov'd or difplac'd from their refpeaive I'laces or Truii of CounfeJlors or Ailiftants, by any p.reat or general Court or Allembly, and that if any of the faid Counfellors or Alliltancs (hall happen to die, or be removed, as aforefaid, before the general Day of Election, that then, and in every fuch cafe, the great and general Court or Aifembly, at their hril fitting, inay proceed to a new hleciion of one or mere Coun- fellors or Airillants, in the room or place of iuch Coun- fellors or Affiflants Co dying or remov'd. And we do further grant and ordain, that it (hall and may be law- ful for the faid Governour, with the advice and confent of theCounfel orA{Iiflants,from time to time to nominate and appointjudges, Commillioners ufO)tT and 'I e, miner ^ bherifls, Frovofts, Marfhals, Juilices of the Peace, and other Officers, to our Council and Courts of Jufiice belonging : Provided always, that no fuch Nomination or Appointment of Officers, be made without Notice lirft given, or Summons illued out feven Days be- fore f^uch Nomination or Appointment unto fuch of the faid Counfellors or AfTiftants as fhail be at that time jcfiding within our faid Province. And our Will and Pleafure is, that the Governour, and Lieutenant or De- puty-Governour, and Counfellors or Aiiiflants for the time being, and all other Officers to be appointed or chofen, as aforefaid, (hali, before the undertaking the F.xecution of their Offices and Places refpeaively, take their fevcral ahd refpedive Oaths for the due and faithful Performance of their Duties in their feve- ral and refpedive Offices and Places ; and alfo the Oaths appointed by the faid hti of P:irliament made in the firil Year of our Keign, to be taken inltead of the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, and (hall make, repeat and fubfcribe the Declaration mentioned in the faid Ad, before fuch perfon or perl'ons, as are by thefe I-refents herein after appointed : That is to fay, the Go- vernour of our (aid Province or 7'erritory, for the time being, (l^all take the laid OatiiS, and make, repeat and fubfcribe the faid Declaration before the Lieutenant or Deputy-Governour ; or, in his Abfence, before any t'.va or more of the faid Perfons hereby nominated and appoint- Numb.r. APPENDIX. 63? appointed the prefent Ccunfellors or Afliflants of ur faid i^rovince or Territory, to whom we do by thefe Prcfents give full Power and Authority to give and ad- miniiter the fame to o«r faid Governour accordinj^jy ; and after our faid Governour fliall be fworn, and fhall have fubfcribed the faid Dt^daration, that then out Lieutenant or Deputy- governour, for the time being, and the Ccunfellors or Afliiiants before by thefe Prefents nominated and appointed, fhall take the faid Oaths, and make, repeal and fubfcribe the faid Declaration before our faid Governour ; and that every fuch perfon or perfons, as fhall (at any time of the Annual Elections, orotherwife upon Death or Kemoval) be appointed to be the new Counlellors or ATiftants, and all other Officers to be hereafter chofen from time to time, ^hali take the Oaths to their refpective Offices and ilaces belonging ; and alfo the fiiid Oaths appointed by the faid Ad of Parliament, to be taken inflead of the (aid Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, and (hall make, repeal and fubfcribe the Declaration mentioned in. the faid Act, before the Governour or Lieutenant governour, or any tv\^o or more Counfellors or Afliflants, or fuch other perfon or perfons as fhall be appointed thereunto by the Governour for the time being ; to whom we do therefore by thefe Prefents, give full Power and Autho-» rity from time to time, to give and adminifier the fame refpectively, according to our true Meaning herein before declared, without any Commiilion or further Warrant, to be had and obtained from us, our Heirs and Succeflors in that behalf And our Will and Pleafure is, and we do hereby require and command, that all and every perfon and perfons hereafter by us, our Heirs and Succeffors, nominated and appointed to the re- fpective Offices of Governour, or Lieutenant, or De- puty-governour, and Secretary of our fiid Province or Territory (which faid Governour, or Lieutenant, or Deputy- governour, and Secretary of our fiid Pro- vince or Territory for the time being ; we do hereby referve full Power and Authority to us, our Heirs ana Succelfors, to nominate and appoint accordingly) f'l^'^ before he or they be admitted to the Execution of their refpective Offices, take as well the Oaths for the due and faithflil performance of the faid Offices refpectively, T t as 6j4 APPENDIX. Numb. L f.s alfo the Oath appointed by the faid Act of Par- liament, made in the firll Year of our Reign, to be taken inltead of the faid Oaths of Allegiance and Supre- macy, and fliall alfo make, repeat and lubfcribe the Declaration appointed by the faid Act in fuch manner, and before fuch perfons as aforefaid. And further, our Will and Meafure is, and we do hereby for us, our Heirs and Succellurs, grant, ellablifli and ordain, 7 hat all and every of the Subjects of us, our Heirs and SuccefTors, which fhall come to and inhabit within cur faid Province and Territory, and every of their Children which fl'.all happen to be born there, or on the Seas in going thither, or returning from thence, fhall have and enjoy all Liberties and Immunities of free and natural Subjects within any of the Dominions of us, our Heirs and SuccefTors, to all Intents, Conftructions and purpofes whatfoever, as if they and every of tker» were born v. ithin tliis our Realm oiEmJand. And for the greater Eafe and Encouragement of our loving Subjects, inhabiting our faid Province or Territory of the Majfa- c/mfeits Bay^ and of fuch as fliall come to inhabit there, we do by thefe prefents for us, our Heirs and Suc- cefTors, grant, eftablifli and ordain, that for ever here- after, there fhall be a Liberty of Confcience allow'd in the Worfhip of God to all Chriftians (except FapifisJ inhabiting, or which (liall inhabit or be refident within <-^ur faid Province or Territory ; and we do hereby grant and ordain, that the Governour, or Lieutenant or De- puty-governour of our faid Province or Territory for the Time being, or either of them, or any two or more cf the Council or Adiflants for the Time being, as Jhall be thereunto appointed by the faid Governour, il-:all and jnay at all Times, and from Time to Time hcreafrcr, have full Power and Authority to adminiflcr and give the Oaths appointed by the faid Ads of rarliamcnr, made in the Firfl: \car of our Reij2,n, to be taken inflead of the Oaths of Allegiance and Svpremacyy to all and to every perfon and perfons which are now inhabiting ur redding within our faid Province or Territory, or \\ hich (Iiall at any Time or Times hereafter go or pafs thither. And we do of our further Grace, certain Knowledge, asd mere Motion, grant, eftablilla and urdain, i<^i us, our Heirs and. Numb.r. APPENDIX. 635 and SuccefTors, that the great and general Court or AlTembiy of our faid Irovincc or Territory for the time being, convened as aforefaid, Ihall for ever have full Power and Authority to erect and conilitute Judicato- ries and Courts of Record, or other Courts, co be held in the Name of us, our f-leirs and Succeflors, for the hear- ing, trying and determining of all manner of Crimes, Oftences, Pleas, Proceffes, Plaints, Actions, Matters, Caufes, and Things whatfoever, ariiing or happening within our faid Province or Territory, or between Perfons inhabiting or refiding there, whether the fame be criminal or civil, and whether the faid Crimes be capital or not capital, and whether the faid Pleas be real, perfonal, or mixt, and for the awarding and making out of Executions thereupon; to which Courts and judicatories, we do hereby for us, our Heirs and Succeflbrs, give and grant full power and authority, from Time to time to adminifter Oaths for the difcove- ry ©f Truth in any Matter in controverfy, or depending before them ; and we do for us, our Heirs and Suc- cefTors, grant, eftablifh and ordain, that the Governour of our faid Province or Territories for the Time being, \yith the Council or Allillants, may do, execute or perform all that is necelfary for the Probate of Wills,, and granting of Adminiff rations for, touching, or con- cerning any Intereft or Eflate which any perfon or per- fons (hall have within our faid Province or Territory. And whereas we judge it necedary, that all our Sub- jeds (hould have liberty to appeal to us, our Heirs and Succeflors, in caies that may deferve the fame, we do by thefe Prcfents ordain, that in cafe either Party fhall not rercfatisfied with the Judgment or Sentence of any Judicatories or Courts within our faid Province oc Territory in any perfonal Action, wherein the Matter in dirierencc doth exceed the Value of Three Hundred pounds Sterling, that then he or they may appeal to us, our Heirs and Succeffors, in our or their i^rivy Council, provided, that fuch appeal be made within fourteen Days after the Sentence or Judgment given, and that before fuch appeal be allow'd, fecurity be g'^yen by the party or parties appealing, in the Value of the Matters in difference, to pay or anfwer the Debt or Damages for the which Judgment or Sentence is given, T t a with 6^6 APPENDIX. Numb. I. with fuch cofls and damages as ihall be awarded by us, our Heirs or Succeirors,in cafe the Judgment or bentence be affirmed : And provided alfo, that no Execution ihall be laid or iufpcnded, by rcalun of lu^h Appeal to us, our Heirs and Succcilors, in our or their privy- council, To as the party luing, or taking out Execution, do in the like manner give fecurity to the Value of the Matter in difference, to make Reiiitution in cafe the faid Judgment or Sentence be reverled or annulled upon the faid Appeal. And do further, for us, cur Heirs and Succcllbrs, give and grant to the laid Governour, and the great and general Court or Affembly of our faid Province or Territory, for the 1 ime being, full Pov/er and Authority, from Time to 1 ime, to make, ordain and cftablifli all manner of wholibm and reafonable Orders, Laws. Statutes and Ordinances, Directions and Inflructions, either with Penalties or without, (lb as the fame be not repugnant or contrary to the Laws of this our Realm oi England) as they ihall judge to be for the good and Welfare of cur faid Province or Territory, and for the Government and ordering thereof, and of the People inhabiting, or who /hall inhabit the fame, and for theneceflary fupp/ort and defence ot the Govern- ment thereof. And we do for us, our Heirs and Suc- cefTors, give and grant that the (aid general Court or Aflembly fhall have full Power and Authority to Name and fettle annually, all civil Officers within the fiiid Province, fuch Officers excepted, the Election and Ccnditution of whom we have by thefe prefents referv'd to us, our Heirs and Succeffors, or to the Governour of our faid Province fur the Time being; and to fet forth the feveral duties, powers and limits of every fuch Officer, to be appointed by the faid general Court or Afiembly, and the Perms of fuch Oaths not repugnant to the i^aws and Statutes of this our Realm o{ England, as (hall be refpectively adminiitred unto them for the execution of their leveral Offices aud Places, and alfo to impofe Fines, Mulcts, Imprifonments, and other Punifhments ; and to impofe and levy propcutionablc and reafonable Aflc^ffinents, Rates and Taxes upon the Eilates and Perfons of all and every the Proprietors or Inhabitants of our faid Province or Territory, to be iflucd and dilpc^'d of by Warranty under the Hand of ihe Numb. I. APPENDIX, 6n the Governour of our faid Province for the Time being* with the Advice and Confent of the Councii, for our Service in the ncceffary defence and fupport of our Go- vernment of our faid Province or Territory, and the Protection, and Prefervation of the Inhabitants there, according to fuch Acts'as are or fliall be in Force within our faid Province, and to difpofe Matters and Things whereby our Subjects and Inhabitants of our faid Pro- vince may be religiauily, peaceably, and civilly governed, proteded, and defended, fo as their good Life and oi- derly Converfation may win the Indians, Natives of the Country, to the Knowledge and Obedience of the only and true God and Saviour of Mankind^ and the Chri- ftian Faith, which his Royal Majefty our Royal Grand- father King Charles the hrfl:, in his faid Letters Patents declared was his Royal Intentions, and the Adventurers free Profeilion to be the principal End of the faid Plan- tation. And for the better fecuring and maintaining Liberty of Confciencc hereby gran led to all Perfons, at any Time being and redding within our faid Province or Territory as aforefaid, willing, commanding and re- quiring, and by thefe Prefents, for us, our Heirs and Succellors, ordaining, and appointing, that all. fuch Or- ders, Laws, Statutes and Ordinances, Inllruaions and Directions, as (hall be fo made and publifhed under our Seal of cur faid Province or Territory, (hall be carefully and duly obferv'd, kept and performed, and put in Execution, according to the true Intent and Meaning of thefe Prefents : Provided always, and we do by thefe Prefents for us, our Heirs and Succeflors, eflablifd and ordain, that in the framing and palling of all fuch Orders, Laws, Statutes and Ordinances, and in all E- ledions and A(5ts of Government whatfoever, to be palfed, made, or done by the faid General Court oi: AfTembly, or in Council, the Governour of our faid Province or Territory of the Majfdchafet-Bdy in N^w England for the Time being, lliall have the Ne- gative Voice : And that without his Gc^nfent or Ap- probation lignified and declared in Writing, no fuch Orders, Laws, Statutes, Ordinances, Elections, or other Acts of Governrpent whatfuever, fo to be made, pafled, or dvine by the faid General AfTembly, or in \ Council, Hiull be of any Fc-r^e, EfieCt, or Validity, any ^ T t 3 '^ihing ,*Jr-r<' 6iS APPENDIX. Numb. I. Thing herein contained to the contrary in any wife notwirh'^iandinp;; and we do for us, our heirs and fucccflors, eftablifli and ordain, that the faid Orders, Laws, Statutes and Ordinances be by the hrlt Oppor- tunity after the making thereof, fent or tranfmitted unto us, our heirs and fucceffors, under tne publick feal, to be appointed by us, for our or their Approba- tion, or Difallowance, and that in cafe all, or any of them fliall at any Time within the fpace of three Years, next after the fame (hall have been prefented to us, our heirs and fucceflors, in our or their Privy Council, befo difallowed and rejeded, and [o fignihed by us, our heirs and fuccellors, under our or their fign manual and lignet, or by Order in our or their Privy Council, unto the Governour for the Time being, then fuch and fo many of them as fliall be fo dif- allowed and rejeded, fliall thenceforth ceafe and de- termine, and become utterly void, and of none Eried:. Provided always that in cafe we, our heirs or fucceflors, Ihall not within the Term of three Years after the prcffnting of fuch Orders, Laws, Statutes, or Ordi- nances, as aforefaid, iignify our or their Difallowance of the fame, then the faid Orders, Laws, Statutes, or Ordinances ihali be and continue in full i orce and Eftedt, according to the true Jntrnt and Meaning of the fame, until the r,xpiration thereof, or, that the fame ihall be repealed by the r.<-neral Allembly of our faid province for the 1 ime being. Provided alfo, that it Ihall and may be lawful for the faid Governour and general AfTembly, to make, or pafs any grant of lands lying within tlie Bounds of the Colonies formerly called the Colonies of the ALiJfiislynetts ^.zv. and New Plmmith, and Province of ALiiNe, in fuch manner as heretofore they might have done by vertue of any former Charter or Letters Patents ; which grants of lands within the bounds afoiefaid, we do hereby will and ordain to be and continue for ever of full Force and Lriecfr, without our further approba- tion or confent, and fo as nevertheiefj, and it is our Royal will and pleafure, that no grant, or grants of any lands lying, or extending from the River of Sa- gpd:jhcc to the Giilph of St. Laumxe and Canada RiverS;, and to the main Sea Northward and Eaftward, to Numb. L APPENDIX. 6^g to be made or pafs'd by the Governor and general AfTembly of our laid province, be of any force. Va- lidity, or Erled, until we, our heirs and fucceifors, fhall have figniHed our or their Approbation of the fame : And we do by thcfe prcfents for us, our heirs and fuccefTors, grant, ePiablifh, and ordain, that the Go- vernour of our faid province or territory for the Time being, fhall have full power by himfeif, or by any chief Commander, or other Officer, or Officers, to be appointed by him from Time to Time, to train, inflruft, exercife, and govern the Militia there : And for the fpecial defence and fafety of our faid province or territory, to alfemble in martial Array, and put in warlike poflure the Inhabitants of our faid province or territory, and to lead and conduft them, and with them to encounter, expulfe, repel, refill, and purfue by Force of Arms, as well by fea as by land, Vvithin, or without the limits of our faid province or territory, and alfo, to kill, flay, deflroy, and conquer, by all fitting ways, enterprizes, and means whatfoever, all and every fuch perfon and perfons, as fliall at any Time hereafter attempt, or enterprize the Deftrudion, In- vafion. Detriment, or Annoyance of our faid province or territory ; and to ufe and exercife the Law mar- tial in Time of adtual War, Invafion, or Rebellion, as Occafion fhall necefTarily require; and alfo from Time to Time to erect Forts, and to fortify any place or places within our faid province or territory, and the fame to furnifli with all necefTary Ammunition, pro- vifion and flores of War for Oilence or Defence, and to commit from Time to Time the cuRody and government of the fame to fuch perfon or perfons a§ to him {hall feem meet ; and the faid Forts and For- tifications to demolifli at his pleafure, and to take and furprize by all ways and means whatfoever, all and every fuch perfon or perfons, with their fliips, arms, ammunition, and other goods, as fliall in a hoftile manner invade, or attempt the invading, conquering, or annoying of our faid province or territory; pro- vided always, and we do by thefe prcfents, for us, our heirs and fucccffjrs, grant, eflablifh, and ordain, that the faid governour fhall not at aiy Time hereafter, by virtue of any powers hereby grsinted, or hereafter Tt 4 to (540 APPENDIX. Numb. I. to be f^ranted to liiin, trinfport any of the Inhabi- tants t)f our faid province or territory, or ublip^e thera to ir.^rLh out of the limits of the ihnc without their (ice and voluntary confent, ' r the coDlent of the p;rcat and general Court or Aflembly of our faid province or territory, nor grant commiirions for ex- ercilinp: the law martial up^n any the Inhabiranrs of our faid province or territory, without the adv'ce . and conlent of the CounciJ, or AJiUants of the fame ; provided in the like manner, and we do by thefe prefents, for us, our heirs and fuccefTors con- {litute, and ordain, that when, and as often as the Governour of cur faid province for the Tiire heinj;, fliali happen to dye, or be difplacM by us, cur heirs or fucce/Lrs, or to be ablent from his p;overnment ; that then, and in any of the faid cafes, the Lieutenant, or Deputy-govejnour of our faid province, for the Time being, fliall have full power and authority to do, and execute all, and every fuch ac^ts. matters, and things, which cur Goveinour of cur faid province; for the Time being, might or could, by vcrrue of thefe our Letters Patents lawfully do, or execute, if he were perfonally prefent, until the return of the Governour Co abfent, or arrival, or confj'tution of fuch other Governour as fliall, or may be appointed by us, our heirs, or fucceflors in his itcad : And that when, and as often as the Governour, and Lieutcnani, or Deputy Governour of our faid province or territory, for the Time being, fhall happen to dye, or be difplac'd by us, our heirs or fucceflors, or be abfent from our faid province ; and that there fhall be no perfun within the faid province comrnhflonated by us, our heirs or fucceflors, to be Governour within the fame ; then, and in every of .the faid cafes, the Council or Ailiilants of our faid province fliall have full power and authority, and we do hereby give, and grant unto the faid Council or Ailiilants of our faid province, for the ^I imc Uing, or the mnj. r part of them, full power and authority to do, and execute all, and every fuch Ads, Matters, and Things which the faid Governour, or Lieutenant, or Deputy Govermur of our faid pro- vince or territory, for the Time being, might, or could lawfully do, or cxcicifc, if they, or either of them were per- Numb. I. APPENDIX. 641. perfonally prefenc, until the Return of the Governour, or Lieutenant, or Deputy Governour To abfent, or arrival, or conllitution of fuch other Govern our, or Lieutenant, or Deputy Governour, as fhaJl and may be appointed by us, our heirs or fucceffors, from Time to Time. Provided always, and it is hereby declared^ that nothing herein Ihall extend, or be taken to eredt, or grant, or allow the exercife of any Admiral, Court, Turifditdon, l\wer, or Authority, but that the fam^ Siall be, and is hereby referved to us and our fuccefTors. and (hall from Time to Time be -erected, gnmred, and exerciied, by vertue of Commiflions to be illucd under the great feal of Ehglayidy or under the feal of the* High Admiral, or the Commiii^oners for executing the' Office of High Admiral of Engjavid. Kv\A further, our exprefs will and plcafure is, and we do by thefe prefents, for us, our heirs and fucceffors, ordain, and appoint, that thefe our Letters Patents Ihall not in any manner enure, or be taken to abridge, bar, or hinder any of our loving fubjeds whatfoever, to ufe and exercife the Trade of Hilling upon the coafis of Neijd Englandy but that they, and any of them, fhall have full and free power and liberty to continue and ufe their faid Trade of Filhing upon the faid coafis, in any of the Seas tl^ereunto adjoyning, or any arms of the faid Seas, or falt-water Rivers, where they have been wont to fifh ; and to build, and fet upon the lands within our faid Province or Colony lying wafle, and not then poirefFed by particular proprietors, fuch Wharfs, Stages, and Work Houfes as fhall be neceflary for the faking, drying, keeping, and packing of their H(h, to be taken, or gotten ui:on that coafl, and to cut down and take fuch Trees, and other materials there growing, or being upon any parts or places lying wafte, and not then in pofTeflion of particular proprietors, as fliall be needful for that purpofe, and for all other neceflary Eafements, Helps, and Advantages, concerning the Trade of Fifhing there, in fuch manner and form, as they have been heretofore at any Time accuRomed to do, without making any wilful wade or fpoii,any thing in thefe prefents containing to the contrary notwithflanding. And lalily, for the better providing and furniOiing of Mafls for our ^oyal Navy, wc do hereby referve to u$, our heirs and fuc- 6a^ APPENDIX. Numb. L fucceflbrs, all Trees of the Diameter of 24 Inches, and upwards, of 12 Inches from the ground, growing upon any foil, or Tract of Land within our faid province or territory, not heretofore granted to any private perfons; and we do rellrain, and forbid all perfons whatfocver, from felling, cutting, or dellroying any fuch Trees, without the Royal Licence of us, our heirs and fucceflors firfl had and obtained, upon pe- nalty of forfeiting Oi^e Hundred Pounds Sterling untd us, our heirs and fucceflors, for every fuch Tree fo felled, cut, or deflroyed, without fuch Licence had, or obtained in that Behalf: Any thing in thefe prefents contained to the contrary notvyithflanding. In Witnefs whereof we have caufcd thefe our Letters to be made Patents, Witnefs Ourfelves at WeflminfJer^ the 7th Day of Otioler, in the third Year of our Reign. By Writ of Privy Seal. PIGOT. %' Numb. Numb. II. APPENDIX. 64J w .''V'\/^'-.p 9^:^^i^& ^; Numb. IL ^w Abridgment ef the 'Platform of Church^ Difciplme^ agreed upon by the Elders and MeJJengers of the Churches ajfembled in the Synod ^/Cambridge in New-England^ to be frefented to the Churcbes and Ge- neral Courts for their Confidcration and Acceptance in the Tear 1648. CHAP. I. Of the Vorm of Church-Government, and that it u one, immutable, and prefcribed in the Word of God, §. I. t?^5^c^ HURCH- GOVERNMEJIT isnO- f?^ C ^ thing elfe but the Form and Or- R^.-jft.^' der to be obierved in the Church ^'^I^W of Chrift on Earth, both as to its Conflitutipn and alJ its Adminiilrations. §. II, III. The 644 APPENDIX. Numb. IL §. II, III. The Parts of Church- Government are all cxaaly defcribcd in the Word of God; fo that it is not left in the Power of Men, Officers, Churches, or any- State in the World, to add, diminifli, or alter any thing in it. §. IV. The cifcumflances of time and place, &c, belonging to Order and Decency are not fo left to Men, as that under pretence of them, they may thrufl their own Inventions upon the Churches, but tlie Apofloli- cal prefcription is to be obferved, that all Things be done decently, and in Order, and for Edification, ac- cording to the Nature of the things themfelves. CHAP. II. 0f the Na^ture of the Cxtholick Church in general^ and in fpecid of a particular Viftble Church. §. I. The Catholick Church is the whole company of them that are elected and redeemed, and in time ef- fedually called unto a State of Grace and Salvation in Chriih §. II, III, IV. This Church is either triumphant m Heaven, or rdilitant on Earth ; the Church militant is invifible orvifible; invifible comprehends all that are united to Chrill: by the Holy Spirit and baich : llftbUy fuch as make a publick Profe/Tion of their Faith in par- ticular Churches. 6. V. The State of the Members of the militant vi- fibfe Church, was under the Law National, but flnce the coining of Chrift only Con^regaticual^ and there- fore neither National, Provincial, nor Claflical, (the Term Lidepohiant we approve notj §. VI. A Congregational Church, is by the Inflitu- tion of Chrill, a Part of the Militant X'illble Church, conlifting of a company of Saints by calling, united into one Body by an holy Covenant, for the publick Woifliip of Cjod, and mutual Edification of one ano- ther in the Eellovvfliip of Chrift. Chap. in. Numb.IL APPENDIX. 645 CHAP. III. Of the Matter of the Vipble Church , both in Refpeff of Q^idity and Quantity, %. I, ir. The Matter of the Vifible Church are Saints by calling, that is, fuch as underlland the prin- ciples of Religion, and together with the Profefllon of their Repentance and Faith in the Lord Jefus Chrift walk in blamelefs Obedience to his Commands. §. IV. The Matter of the Church, as to its Quan- tity ought not to be more than may conveniently meet together in one Place, nor fewer than may conveni- ently carry on Church-Work. §. V. Every particular Church has a MIniflry ap- pointed and ordained, for its particular Service; the Scripture making no Mention of ordinary Officers ap- pointed over the Catholick Church ; fo that there is no greater Church than a congregation which may or-^ dinarily meet in one Place. CHAP. IV. Of the Form of the Vifihle Churchy and of Church^ Covenant. §. I, II, III. The Form of a particular Vifible Church is the Vifible Covenant, Agreement, or Confent, where- by they give up themfelves to the Lord to the ohferving of the Ordinances of Chrift together in the fame So- ciety, which is ufually called the Church-Covcnajit. §. IV. 7liis voluntary Agreement or Covenant we conceive is in fubllance kept, where there is a real a- greement and confent of a company of faithful Perfons, to meet conliantly together in one congregation, for the publick VV^orfhip of Cjod for their mutual Ldifica- tion, though they do not exprefs it by Writing, or any particular Form of Words. §. VI. All 6^6 APPENDIX. Numb. II. §. Vf. All Believers cu^ht, as they have Opportu- nity to joyn to a particular Church, that they may pro- fefs their fubjection to the Order and Ordinances of the Golpel, in compliance with the command of Chrili, and for their own Edification ; for Hiould alJ Believers neglect this Duty, it might follow, that Chrilt (houid not have a vifible political Church upon Earth. CHAP. V. Of the jirft Subject of Church-Power^ or to rvhom Church-Power doth frjl helor^g. §. I. The firfl fupreme Object of Church-power is the Lord Jefus Chrili:, but Minilicrial, ordinary Church- Power, belongs to the Church. §. ll. Ordinary Church-Power is either Power of Office, which belongs to the Elderfhip ; Or Power of Privilege, which belongs to the Brotherhood ; the lat- ter is given them formally by Chrift, but the former can't be exercifed by them, but is in them only, as they appoint the Perfons to Office who are to cxercife .hat Power. CHAP. VI. Of the Officers of a Church , aui efpecinllj of Paflors md> Teachers. §. I, II. Tho' Officers are not abfolutely neceffary to the Being of a Church, yet they are ncceifary to its Well-being, and therefore are appointed by Chrili: to continue to the End of the World. ^. HI. 1 hefe Officers are either extraordinary, as Apoflles Prophets, pA-angelifls, who as they were called extraordinarily by Chrili, fo their Oflice ended with themfelves. Ordinary Officers are Elders and Deacons. §. IV. Of Elders (who are alfo in Scripture called Billiops) fome attend chiefly to the Miniliry of ti.e Worlds Numb.IL APPENDIX. 64^ Word, as the Paftors and Teachers, others to its Rule, who are therefore called Ruling Elders. §. Y, VI. The Offices of Paftor and Teacher in the Church are diflinct, the one being to attend to Ex- hortation, the other to Doctrine; but both are to preach, to adminifter the Sacraments and Church- Cenfures. CHAP. VIL Of Rtding Elders and Deaconf^ §. T. Ruling Elders are not fo called, to exclude the Paftors or Teachers from Ruling, becaufe Rule is com- mon to them all, whereas Preaching and Teaching is peculiar to the latter. §. II. The Office of the Ruling Elder is to joyn with the Paftor and Teacher in fuch Acts of Rule as are diftinct from the Miniilry of the Word and Sacraments, as in admitting, or excluding Members by the confent of the Church, in ordaining Officers chofen by th» Church, in calling the Church together on proper Oc- cafions. In preparing Matters in private to be laid before the Church. In keeping Order in Church- Debates. In feeing that none of the Church live dif- orderly. In preventing and healing Offences in the Church. In feeding the Flock with a Word of Ad- Bionition. In praying over their fick Brethren, as they fhall be fent for, and at other Times, as Opportunity fhall ferve. §. III. The Office and Work of a Deacon is to re* ceive the Offerings of the Church ,• Gifts given to the Church, and to keep the Treafury of the Church, and therewith to ferve the Tables which the Church is to provide for, as the Lord's Table, the Mini/ler's Table, and the Poor's Table, to whom they are to diilribute in fimplicity. §. IV. The Office of a Deacon being limited to the care of the Temporal good Things of the Church, it Wends not to the Attendance upon^ and Adminiftra- tion 1548 APPENDIX. Numb. IT. tion of the fpirituai Things thereof, as the vVord, Sa- cruinencsj and the like. §. VI. Thcfe being all the Officers that Ghri/1 has appointed in the Church, all others are to be looked on as the Inventions of Men, r.nd confequcntly unlaw- ful, as Popes, Cardinals, Patriarchs, Archbiihops, Lord- Bi'hops, Archdeacons, OlHcials, Commiiraries, and the like. §. VII. The Lo'd has appointed ancient Widows to miniiler in the Church, in giving Attendance to the lick, and relieving their Necellities. CHAP. VllL Of the Eleciior^ of Church-Officers. 5. I, II, in, IV. "Tis requifite that before any be ordained, or chofen Officers, the Chur<:h (hould have 1 rial of their Gifts and Virtues that belon.^ to their refpective Offices, becaufe Hands are to be laid fuddenly on no Man. §. V, VI, VII. The Right of Election is in that particular Church to whom the Officers are to minifter, and as the Church has Power to conftitute in Office, it follows, that in cafe of Scandal or Delinquency, it may remove from Office. §. VIII. From whence it follows, that the choice of Church-Officers belongs not to the Civil Magiflrate, nor to Dioccfan Bifliops, nor Patrons. C H A P. IX. Ordination^ bj Impofition of H^nds* . §. I. Church-Officers are not only to be chofen by the Church, but to be ordained by Impoiition of Hands and Prayer. §. II. Ordination is nothing elfe but the fp'emn puuin -• .1 M.m intij his Office, which he had a Kight to Numb. II, APPENDIX. 649 to before by Eledion ; fo that Ordination does not con- ftitutc an Ofiker, nor give him the Efltmtials of his OHice, that being done before by his ^leCtion. ^. III, IV, V. Where there are Elders in a Church, Impoiition of Hands is to be perforni'd by them, but where there are no Eiders, it may be doTie by fome of the Brotherhood orderly chofen thereunto by the Church; or, if the Church dclire it, it may be performed by the Elders of other Churches. §. VI, Vr. ChurchOfliccrs are OiHcers to one par- ticular Church ; fo that if an Oiricer be difcharpcd from his Office in that Church where he was a MiniRer, he may not excrcife Office-p(v^\cr in another Church, unlefs he be again called to Oillcc, which when it fhall be, we know nothing to hinder, but Tmpohtion of Hands in his Ordination ought to be ufed towards him again. CHAP. X. Of the Power of the Churchy md its Vresbyterj*, §. I, Hi in, IV. The Government of the Church is Monarchical, with Refpeit to Chrifl its Head, but with Refped to the Church itfelf ^tis partly Democra- tical, and partly Ariftocratical. §. V, VI. The Power granted by Chrift to the De- mocracy or Brotherhood of the Church, confifls in ad- mitting Membei's, choofing Officers, and depofing them for Male-Adminiftracicn, and in hearing, and deter- mining Difterences in the Church. §. VII, Vill, IX. The Power granted to the Elders of the Church, is to feed and rule the Church of God, to call the Church together on weighty Occafions, to prefide and keep Order iTi all Debates, to examine Officers or Members before they are received by the Church, to receive Accufations, and prepare them for the Churches Hearing, and to pronounce Sentence with the confent of the Church. They have Power likewife when they difmifs the People, to blcis them in the Name of the Lord. U u §. X, XI. From «5 o APPENDIX. Numb. 11, <>. X, XI. From hence it appears, that in an Orga- nic Church all Church-Acts proceed after the manner of a n\\\\\ Adminiftration, fo as no Church-Act can be confuminated u ithout the confent both of the Elders and Brotherhood. CHAP. XL Of the Mair7pep7df7ce of Church Officers. §. I, II. The Scripture declares, that they that preac!« tlie Gofpel fliould live of the Gofpel ; People are not therefore left at Liberty to do, or not to do, what nnd when they pleafe in this Matter, hut are to look on it as their Duty to mimfier of their Carnal Tubings to them that labour in the Word and Doiftrine, according to their Abilities, and that not as an Alms, but as a due Debt, and an Ordinance of Chrift. (n. Ill, IV. Not only Members of Churches but the Hearers are to contribute to the preaching of the Word; if Congregations are defective in their contributions, the Deacons are to call upon them to do their Duty, if their Call fuffice not, the Church is to require it of tlu'in ; and if this is not fuflicient to attain the End, the Magifirate is to fee that the Miniftry be duly provided iur. CHAP. XII. Of the Admiffion of Members irJto the Church. ^. r, II. All that are admitted into the Church as Members, are fird to be examined and tried, whether they are Ht to be received thto Church-Society, or not; that is, whether they have Repentance towards God, and i aith in Jefus Chrift. §. III. The weakefl meafure of Faith is to be ac- cepted, and fuch charity and tendernefs is to be ufed in Examinations, that the weakell Chriftian, if iincerc, may neither be difcouraged, nor excluded. ^ ^ IV, V. A Numb. II. A P P E N D I X. 651 §. IV, V. A perfonai and publick Confedion of the manner of God's working on the Soul is both lawful and ufefulj and where Perfons have Abilities "tis moll: expediert ; but if any through Fear or othf- Inhrinity be unable to do it, ^tis fufficient that the F.ldeis receive private Satisfadion, and relate it in publick beiore the Church,- they teflifying their Affents thereunto. §. VI, VII. This Profeliion of Faith and Repen- tance may be required by the Church of thofe who re- move from other Churches to them ; ?5nd from thofe who were born and baptized in the Church, by virtue of their Parents Relation to it ,• fuch are to be eiieemed under Church-watch, and confequently fubjed to it* admonitions and cenfures. CHAP. Xlli. Of the Removal of Church-Members from one Church to mother^ and of Kecommendation and DifmiJJiorf. §. I. Church-Members may not depart from one Church to another, as they pleafe, becaufe fuch De- parture tends to the Diffolution of the whole Body. §. II. Church-Members on fuch an Occafion fhould advife with the Church, that they may have their Ap- probation. \. III. If the Church judge a Member's Departure unfafe or finful, they m^y not confent to it. §. IV. Juft Reafons for a Member's Removal are, (i.) If he can't continue without partaking in Sin. (i.) In cafe of Perfecution. (3.) In cafe of a real want of fubfiftence, a Door being open for a better fupply in another place. §. V. But to feparate from a Church, out of con- tempt of their Fellowfliip ; or covetoufnefs, or want of Love ; or out of a fpirit of contention, in Refpcd of fome Unkindnefs; or for fome Evil only conceived, or really in the Church, which mi.f^ht and (hould be tole- rated, and healed with a fpirit of Meeknefi ; .and of U u 2 which 6^^ APPENDIX. Numb. II. which Evil the Church is not yet convinced, though l.imfelf bcj for thefe Real'ons to withdraw from publick Communion in word, in leals, or ccnfurcs is unlawful and fmful. §. VII. When a Member removes he fhould have Letters ^ieflimoniai, and of DifmirTion, and until the hurch, the faithful are to re- frain fj;orp.all fpiritual communion with him, and from civil Numb. II. APPENDIX. 65 j civil communion like.vlfe, any further than the neccf" fary concerns of Life require. §. VI. Excommunication does not deprive Men of their civil Rights, and therefore touches not Princes or Magiftrates in Relpect of civil Authority ; nor does it prohibit fuch from hearing the Word, nor the Church from giving them occafional Admonitions. §. Vll. Penitent Oflenders, thoui^i excommunicate, are to be reftored. §. VIII, IX. Members are not to feparate from a Church, becaufe of fome diforderly Perfons in it, when they can't get them removed ; no, nor to abfent them- felves from the communion on that Account. CHAP. XV. Of the Communion of Churches with one another. §. I, XL Churches ought to hold communion with one another; by mutual care for each other, by con- fulting one with another in cafes of Difficulty, and by admonifliing each other in cafe of oiicnce ; and if an ofl'ending Church will not hearken to the Admonition of the offended Church, the offended Church may ac- quaint other Churches with it, who may joyn in the Admonition (if they think It juft); and if the offend- ing Church continue obflinate, may pronounce in a Synod the fentence of Non communion with them, lurther, Churches fliould hold communion, by admit- ting the Members of each other occafionally to the Lord's Supper ; by recommending their Members at a Diftance to the care of the Churches where they rel]de, and in cafe of Need, by furnifhin;^ each other with able O-fficers, and relieving each other's poor. §. HI, IV. When a Church is to he gather'd, the help and prefence of neighbouring Churches fhould be deflred, that they may have the Right-hand of Pellow- Ihip ; and when a Church grows too numerous for one Alfembly, it Ihould propagate another by fsnding forth U u 3 fuch ($54 A P P E N D I X. Numb. II. fuch Members as are willin;; to remove, and by pro- pjring ibine Officers who may incorporate with them. CHAP. XVL Of Synods. §. I. Synods are not necefTary to the Being, but very often to the Well heing of Churches. §. n. The Elders and Meflen^ers of the feveral Churches met together in the Name of Chrift, and by Delegation from the Churches they reprefcnt, are the matter of a Synod. §. III. Magiftrates may call a Synod; or, the Churches may do it of themfelvcs. §. IV. It be'on.HS to Synods, to debate and deter- mine controveri'c c)f Faith, and cafes of confcicncc, to <;ive Direction from tlic Scriptures for the V. orihip of God, and good Ciovernment of the Church, and to bear Witnefs againfl corruptii>n of islanners, and male- Adminiflration in any particular Church ; but they arc not to exercife Cljurch-cenfures in way of Difcipline, nor any Aa of Church Authority, or Jurifdiftion. §. Y. I'he i>ircd:ons and Determin.uions of Synods are to be received \vith Reverence, as hx a§ confonant with the Word of God, not only for their Agreement with God's Word, but fecondarily, for the power whereby they are made, as being an Ordinance of God appointed thereunto in his W^)rd. §. VI. Synods arc to confill: both of Elders and other Church-Members endued with Gifts, and fcnt by the Churches, not excluding the prefence of any of the Brethren in the Churches. C II A P. XVII. 0/ the Ci^vil Migijh'.ite's Power in Ecclcfutpcd Miners. ^. I. ChriHians may gather themfelvcs into Churches Without the confcn^ ol the Magillratc^ if it can't be had. §. 11. Church' Numb. ir. APPENDIX. 655 §. II. . Church-Government is not inconfiiient with the power of the civil iVia;2.iftrate, l>ut rather Hrengthens their Hands by encouraging the people in their obedience to them. §. Ill, IV, V. Magiflratcs fr.ay not compel iheu' fubjedts to become Church Members, and partake (^f the Lord^s Supper ; nor medic with the v/ork proper to Church Officers. §. VI, VII, VIII. The power of the Ma'^arate extends to the prefervation of the peace of the fubjects in matters of moral Rightec^ufnefs and Honeuy, yea, and of Godlinefs too; fo that Idolatry, Bhrphemy, He- refy, vending corrupt and pernicious opinions which dcflroy the Foundation ; open contempt of the word preached, prophanation of the Lord's Day, diflurbin^ the peaceable Adminidration and Exercife of the VVo:- fbip and holy Thing's of God, and the like, are to be retrained and punifh'd by them. §. IX. If any Church or Churches grow Schifmati- cal, rending themfelves from the coinmunion of other Churches, or walJv contrary to the Rule ot the Word; the Magiftrate in fuch cafe is to put forth his cocrciv»e power, as the matter (hall require. Vm ^UMB- 6^6 -A T P E N D I X. Numb. III. «//;, and the Church profeflTing it. 9. That a vifible Profeffor thus joined to a particula^r Church ought to continue liedfafi: with the faid Church; and not forfake the Miniftry, and Ordinances there dif- fer? ftci, without an orderly jeekiug a Recr-mmendatica unto another Church, which ought to be given, when the cafe of the perfon apparently requires it. II. Of the Mimfirj. 1. W^E agree that the Minifierial Office isinfiltuted by ^^ Jefus Chriit for the gathering, guiding, edify- ing and governing o{ his Church; and to continue to the End of the World. 2. They who are called to this Office ought to be en- dued with competent Learning and mimjlerial Gifts, as alfo with the Grace of God, found in Judgment, not Novices in the Faith and Knowledge of the Gofpcl ; without kandal, of holy converfation, and fuch as Je- vcte rhcinleives tt) the work and fcrvice thereof. 3. That ordinarily none fhall be ordained to tlie Work of this Miniflry, but fach as are called and chofen tiiereunto by a particular Church. 4. That in I'o great and weighty a Matter as the cal- ling and chuhng a Piijhr^ v/e judge it ordinarily requi- iite, that c\ ery fuch Church confalt and advife with the Pajlon of neighbouring congregations. ^. That after fuch Advice the pcrfun confulted about, being chofen by the Ijrotherhood of that particular Church over which he is to be fet, and he accepting, be duly ordained and Jtt ap/ut to his Office over them; wherejn 'tis ordinarily recjuifitc, that the Piiflors ofneigh^ ^zurihg Co}:p^ egations concur with the prjacbing Elder ^i Ehtersy it fuch there be. 6. That Numb. III. APPENDIX. 659 6. That whereas fuch Ordination is only intended for fuch as ne'vey before had been ordained to the ?Hiniflcrial Ojfice ; if any judge, that in the cafe alfo of the Removal of one jcTfhctly c iiiinedy to a new Nation, or ^aftoral Charge, there oup.ht to be a hke, folemn Recommend- ing him and his Lahours to the Grace and Bkffnigof . Qod\ no ditierent fcntiincnts or pra6iice herein ihalTbe any occafion of Contention or breach of Communion a- mong VIS. 7. It is expedient, that they who enter on the IVork of preaching the Gtijpel, be not only qualified for Com- munion of Saints ; but alfo that, except in Cafes extra- ordinary^ they give proof of their Gifts and Fitnefs for the faid Work^ unto the Paflors of Churches, of knovon Abilities to difcern and judge of their Qiialifications; that they may be fent forth with folemn Approbation and Prayer; ' which we judge needful, that no Doubt may remain concerning their being called unto the Work ; and for preventing (as much as in us Jieth) ig- norant and raf]^ intruders. III. Of Cenftires, I, AS it cannot be avoided, but that in the purell: ■^ Churches on Earth there will fometlmes Orfences and Scandals arife, by Reafon of Hypocrify and pre- vailing corruption ; fo Chrift hath made it the Duty of every Church, to reform itfelf by fpiritual Reme- dies appointed by him to be applied in all fuch cafes, "VIZ,. Admonition and ExcQinmtcnication. 2. Admonition, being the rebuking of an oftending Member, in order for convi(5tion, is in cafe of private Offences, to be performed according to the Rule in Matth.xvul 15, 1(5, 17. and in cafe of publick Offences, openly before the Church, as the Honour of the Gof- pl, and the Nature of the Scandal fliali require : And, if either of the Admonitions take place for the Reco- very of the fallen perfony all further proceedings in a Way o( Cenfare are thereon to ceafe, ^ndfatisfa^ion to hf? declared accordingly, ^ When 66o APPENDIX. Numb. IK. 3. When all due Means are ufed, according to the O/der of the Gojptly for the relloring an off^tnding mid fcandalous B/ct/jer^ and he, notwithllanding remains impenitent, the cenfure of Excommunication is to be proceeded unto; wherein Cac Paftor and qx\\qx Elders (if there be fuch ) are to lead and go before the Chwch\ and the Brorherhuod to give their confent in a Way of Obedience unto ChrKl;, and to the £/- devs^ as over them in the Lord. 4, It may fometimes come to pafs, that a Chuvch' Ahmber, not othervvife fcandalous may finfully 'u:ith' draii\ and divide himfclf from the Comniunion of the Church to which he belongeth : In which cafe, when all due Means for the reducing him, prove inetl-eCtual, he having hereby cut himfelf orf from that Churches Communion ; the Church may juRly elleem and de- clare itfelf difcharged of any further Infpeilrtion over him. IV. Of Communion of Churches. 1. W/T- a^ree t^at particular Churches ought not Co ^^ v.-alk fo diftindt and feparate from each o- ther, as not to have caVe and tendcrnefs towards one another. But their Paflors ought to have fre- quent Meetings together, that by mutual Advice, Support, Encouragement, and brotherly Intercourfe, they m;iy flrengthen the Hearts and Hands of each o-.her in tht liAiys (f the Lord. 2. That none of our particular Churches fhall be ruh)rdinate to one anotlier, each being endued with Equality of Power from Jefus Chriji. And that none of the fiid particular Churches, their Ofljcer or O/li- ccrs, Ihall exercifc any Power, or have any Superiority, over any other Church or their Otliccrs. ^. That known Members of particular Churches C'"^n[litutcd as aforefaid, may h.we occafional commu- nion with one another in the Ordinances of the C< rpcl, ''oiz.. the IVordy Prayer^ Sacrameiit^y finging of /fil'»'i difpcnfed according to the Mind of Chrift : Unlefs Numb. III. APPENDIX. 66i Unlefs that Church with which they defire Commu- nion, hath any juft Exception againd them. 4. That we ought not to admit anyone to be a Mem- ber of our refpedive congregations, that hath joyn'd himfelf to another, without Endeavours of mutual fa- tisfadion of the Congregations concerned. 5. That one Church ought not to blame the proceed- ings of another, until it hath heard, what that Church charged, its Elders or Meffengers, can fay in Vindica- tion of themfelves from any charge of irregular or in- jurious proceedings, 6. That we are" moft willing and ready to give an Account of our Church-proceedings to each other, when delired ; for preventing or removing any Often- ces, that may arife am^ong us. Likewife, we fhali be ready to give the Right-Hand of Fellowfhip, and walk together according .to the Gofpel Rules of Communion of Churches, V. Of Deacons and RuUng-Elders. IT^E agree, the Office of a Deacon is of Divine Ap- ^^ pointment, and that it belongs to their Office to receive, lay out, and diflribute the ChurcFs flock to its proper Ufes, by the Direction of the Paftor, and Brethren, if Need be. And whereas divers are of Opinion, that there is alfo the Office of Ruling-Elders, who labour not in Word and Dodtrine ; and others think otherwife ; we agree, that this Difterence make no Breach among us. VI. Of occajional Meeting of Minijiers. I. WTE a^r^Cj that in order to concord, and in other ^^ weighty and difficult cafes it is needful, and according to the Mind of Ch.ifl, that the Minilters of feveral Churches be confuked and advifed with about fuch Matters. 2. That 662 APPENDIX Numb. IIL 2. Tliat fuch Meetings may confiit of fmailcr or greater Numbers, as the Matter fhall require. :?. That particular Churches^ their refpeftive Elders and Mf!P.ber«^, ought to have a Reverential Rep^ard to their Juugmenr, fo given, and not dilFent therefronn without apparent Grounds from the Word of God. , V I L Of our Demeanour towards the Civil Magtjirate. I. A/t/" E id Deportwe?Jt towards them that are not in Communion with us, I. "Vl/^f^ judge it our Duty to bear a Chviflian Refpefl to all Chrift'uviSy according to their feveral Ranks and Stations, tlwt arc not of our Perfwafion or Communion. 2. A$ Numb. III. APPENDIX. 663 2. As for fuch as may be ignorant of the Principles of the Chriftian Religion^ or of njicious Converfation^ we lliall in our refpedtive Places, as they give Opportunity, endeavour to explain to them the Doctrine of Life and Salvation, and to our utmofl: perfwade them to be re- conciled to God. 3. That fuch who appear to have the effential Re- quilites to Church-Communion, we fhall willingly receive them in the Lord, not troubling them with Difputes about lefler Matters. As we affent to the fore-mentioned Heads oj Agree- menty fo we unanimoufly refolve, as the Lord fhall enable us, to fraciife according to them. N U M B. 664 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. >'^-Vh-\Tyma»a»aaaaqia:aac«>^a>a3WEgcee/Si ■-r^^'r^^'^f^ Numb. IV. ^n Ahridgment of the Laws. and Ordinances of New-En- gland, to the Tear 1700. A. t'y^-j'^v^J^^y'^ ^;(jrtiOn0j Actions of Debts, Accounts, ' Slander, Actions of the cafe concerning Debts or Accounts, the 1 Jaintitl may try wUere he will within the JurifJiction of the Court, where he or the Defendant lives ; by confent, they inay be try'd any where elfe. Other Actions mufl be try'd where the Caufe did a rife. If the Plaintiff in an Action of Trcfpafs pretends Dama£^c above \o x, and has received lefs, he (hall be Non-fuited, and pay Colls. No Action to be entered after the firft Day of the Court's fitting. Double lees, for thofe entered after Noon not to be rccoverd of the Defendant. Who Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 665 Whoever brings an Adion without caufe, muflpay the charges the Court fliall judge he occalion'd, and any Irine they impofe ; as likewife the Defendant, it they hnd him in Fault; Vexatious Actions, or Suits, to pay treble cods, and to be tin'd 40 j. to the Trcalury. 3DUlt0?P. If any Perfon commit Adultery with a marry 'd Woman, Maid, or Woman efpoufed, both Man and Woman fhall be put to Death. 3ffe. No Perfon under 21 Years of Age, fliall con- vey Lands or Hereditaments, or val in Eleccons of publick Offices, or give Yerdidt, or pafs Sentence in any civil or criminal Court, or caufe. Orphans may choofe their Guardians at 14. None under the Age of 21, (liall plead, or be im- pleaded in civil cafes, but in the Names of their Pa- rents, Mafters, or Guardians. But in criminal cafes, they mud anfwer for their Mifdcmeanours, and inform againft others in their own Names. SlppatCl. All Perfons not worth 200/. wearing Gold or Silver Lace, or Buttons, or Bone-Lace, above 2 s. per Yard, or Silk Hoods, or Scarfs, may be pre- fented by the Grand-Jury, and (hall pay 10 j. for every Ofience. The feled Men of every Town may adefs thofe who drefs above their Rank, at 200/. Eftate, and make them pay, as thofe to whom their Drefs is fuit- able, except Magiilrates, their Wives, and Children, Officers, civil or military. Soldiers in Time of Service; or fuch as have had a hiah Education, or are funk from a higher Fortune, Amw 1651. If any Perfon's Drefs fhould be adjud.-;'d by theGrand Jury, or County-Court above his Rank, they are to be admonidi'd for the firlt Oilence, to pay 20 /. for the fecond, 40^. for the third, and 40/. for every Of- fence afterwards, Jnm 1662^ A Taylor who makes Clonths for Children, or Ser- vants, contrary to the Mind of tlicir Parents or MaRers, is for the firft Odence, to be admonifhed, and for the fecond, to pay double the Value of the Cloaths, half to the Owner, and half to the County, 1662. The Grand-Jury are cnjoin'd to prefent all Olienders in Ap- paiel. 3id. Xx Jlp^ 666 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. 2pp£ilL Any i'erfun may appeal from an inferior to a lujierior Court, provided they tender their Appeal before the Judges of the Court ihey appeal to, put in Bail to prol'ecute it, and to pay Damages before Execu- tion, which can't be 'cilj 12 Hours after Judj^ment, un- Icfs by (pecial Order. Appellants in criminal cafes to give Security for Ap- pearance and sood Behaviour. Appeals in Matter of Law, to be determin'd by the Bench I in Matter of fadt, by Bench and Jury. In an Appeal to the Court of Afliflants in any capital Ofience, if two^ in nve, or three in fevcn, or the like proportion diilent from the Majority, there lyes an Appeal to the next General Court. Appeals to be recorded at the charge of the Appel- lant, and certified to the Court to which they are jnade, the Reafons of them, without any Refledting Language, to be given in Writing under their Hands, or their Attorney's Hands, to the Clerk of the Court from whence they are made, fix Days before the Court begins to which they are made. Appellants net profecuting their Appeals, to pay, be- fide their Bonds to the i'arty, 40 j-. to the Qmnty. No 1 erfon who fate as Jud^e, or voted in the infe- riour Court, fliaH have a Vote in that Court to. v. hich the Appeal is made in the fame cafe, but it ;hall be de- cided by difl-erent Perfons. The Court appcalM to, fliall judge the cafe according to the former Evidence, and no other Court may reverfe Jud.^ment, or abate, or increafe Damages, ^/J/V'j T654. Appeals from the Ailociation-Courts of Po)tfmoutb and Dover, arc to the next County Court, and not to that o^ A (Ti Hants at B^ftou, as formerly, y^nno 'i6jo. i3ppraranCC. No one to be punifli'd for Non-Ap- pearance, if hintlcr'd by Prc^vidence. This Law not to prejudice any l-crfon in his cofts or damages in civil Ac- tions, AiiilO I<5.fl. ^ITCSS* None to be arrefled, or put in Trifon for Debt, if the Law imds any Means of Satisfaction from liis I flat c, except in fpecial contracts, yJi:iiO 1641. The Fcrlbn arreltcd to be in Prifon at his own charge, unlefs the Court determine otherwife, but not to continue there, unlefs there is an Appearance of fome tftate concealM, .^ano 1(^41. Ihe Numb.IV. APPENDIX. 667 The Prifoner fwearing before a proper Magiflrate that he has no Eflate, is to be releas'd, but is to make Satisfaction by Service, though not to be fold to any befides the Englijh, Anno iCyj/j. In civil Actions, the Prifoner fwearing he is not; worth 5 /. the Plaintiff mull: nuintain him in Prif )n, levying by Execution his Expence, if he can find Ef- fects. No Prifoner to go at Liberty, without Licenle of the Court, or Creditor, if he does, the Keeper to he fin'd at Difcretion, and pay the Debt. flttaCfilTlEntS. A Foreigner can't attach an Inha- bitant, W'ithout giving Security to profecute his Ac- count, and pay cofls, if caR. The Suit not to proceed, unlefs legal Notice be given of Attachments of Goods, or Lands, by suiting left at the Place of Abode of the Defendant. If the Defendant be out of the Jurifdidlon of the Court where the Attachment lyes, the cauie goes on, but Judgment is not to be entered 'till the next Court, nor Execution granted, 'till the Plaintiff gives Security to the Defendant to be refponfible, in cafe he reveries Judgment within a Year, or fuch longer Time as the 'Court direds. If the Plaintiff does not exprefs in whofe Name or capacity he fueth. Exception may be taken, and the Plaintiff muff pay cofts. Tho' the Law direds the Attachment to Conffables, where no Marfhal lives, yet a Marflial may ferv.e it any where in the Jurifdidiion of the Court where he- is an Officer, but he is to be paid no more than a Conffable, Anno 1661. B. TBafcerff, fee Bread. TSilUtlflf* No Ballaff to be taken out of any Town, Slough, wdthout Leave of the feled Men, under Penalty of 6d. a Shovel-full, except it be what they laid there themfelves. No Ballaff to be caff out to the Prejudice of any Harbour, under Penalty of lo-v. Anno 1646. 66^ A P P E N D I X. Numb. IV. QSntratCP. T he Court may rejeft the Caufe of a common IJarrater, that vexes others with unjufl: Suits, and may punifh him for his Barratry, 1641. ToallacDp. The } ather of a Baftard convid (liall jnaintain it, or allow the Mother what the Court think? fit. The Oath of the \Voman alone makes him liable to tjiis charge, though not to any Punifnment due by the Law in cafes of Fornication and Adultery ; but if circumflanccs render the Fact doubtful, the Court may acquit him. OSeCialltP* If a Man or Woman lye with a Beait, the Bead to be flain and buried, and the Perfon put to Death. T13CUCbCilenC^ No Benevolence to be granted, but in foreign Occalions, and when nublick Debts are paid, and there is Money in the Treafury. The County-Court may take Notice of C^ifts and Le- ^scies to puhlick Ufes, and if they kt caufe, may ap- point I coliees o^ Truft to fettle and manage them. 1i5!U0 affigneD. Bills, or other Specialties may be alligned, and the Right of Account fliall be in the AfTignee, fo that he may fue for them in his own Name, or by Attorney, provided the Allignmient be indors'd on the Back of the Bill. 'BlafpDcmP. Blafphemy againfl the Holy Name of G(;d, the 1-ather, Son, or Holy Cihoft, either in ex- prefs Words, or by an obiiinate J)criial of the true God and his Worfliip, Ihall be punifh'd with F^eath. 'BOnO'Q^ea. None to be bought, or i'M for Slaves but thofe who are taken in War, or made fuch by Au* thority, and thefe to have the fame Libeities, as thofe under the Fan^ o^ Alofes. TSOUnnO of Laiibg. The Rounds of every Town arc to be fct out within a ^ car after they arc granted. 'Fhc Marks c:f thofe Boimds to be renewM every three Years, by three, or more Inhabitants chofen by the fe- \eH Men, v/lio together with the adjacent Towns, fhall go the Bounds, and renew the land-Marks.' The 'l"ir\ie for this mufl be in the hxR. or fecond Mc^th; N(uice to be given of it by the mofl ancient Tavii ; tl;( Ik "nJs muft hc a Heap uf Stones, or a }Vc'noh. • • The Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 6^9 The Town that negleds to renew them {hall forfeit 5/. The Men appointed for this to be under the Di- rection of the felect Men, and paid by the Towns. Thofe who hive Lands in coini-non, mufl: vifit their Bounds once a Year, or pay loy. for every Day they neglect it after they are requeued to do fo. TBjCaCfj Of tlje Peace, if one Uzn beats or hurts another, he (Iiall pay to him, or the County, or both, what the proper Judge determines, who m.iy hnl him according to the circumftances of the ORence. To keep PorrefTion of any Thinff, or to endeavour to regain it by Force after Execution upon Judgment obtain'd, is a Breach of the Peace ; the Office/s of Ju'lice are to aid the Ilaintitr, and commit the Oflender and his Abettors, who are to anfwer for it at the Court where the Judgment was obtain'd, and to be punifli'd as the Court thirkks tit. ®?ea5» The Baker is to mark his Bread, and tb make it up according to the follov/ing Affizes. When Wheat is at WJ 5. d. Oil 3 Q-^ fil 3 61 10 '>^lper Bufhel, each I ^ 4 ^ )>Penny-Loaf inuft<^ ^ ^^^ I weigh I 7 6 o| I 6 6 6j I 6 Two Perfons in every Market-Town chofen annually, and fworn at the next County-Court, or nearefl: Magi- flrate, have Power with, or without a Conilable, to enter any Houfe where they are inform'd that Bread is made for Sale, and weigh the Bread, and feize what is under Weight, a Third for themfelves, and the reflfor the Poor. OBjElDErjSf* None may brew for Sale or Shipping, but fuch as are known to be skilful in that Art. If the Beer they fell for Sea proves unfit for Ufe, through their Fault, Damages may be recovered of them by Action. X X 3 "Jditom^ lite. Wheat. Houfhold. qr. Ou. qr. Ou. qr. 17 I ■^3 6 15 I 20 2 I4 18 2 11 3 16 2 II 1 15 i 10 2 14 6 2 II I? 9 2 II 2 ^7o APPENDIX. Numb. IV. XjiSgeS* Bridges to be made in fuch Places, and repair'd, as die County-Court, or a Cominittee appointed by them directs, at the charge of the County, to be le- vy'd upon the Towns according to the County Rates. If any Bridge or Highway be defective, and any Per- Ion in pa!i;ng it lofe his Life, after legal Prefentment of it to the County-Court, the County or Town {hall pay loo/. to the ncarefl Relation of the Deceafed. * If any Pcrfnn lofe a Limb, break a Bone, or receive a Bruile, or if any Damage happen to any Team, or their Lading, the Party may recover double Damages, if due Notice have been given, as before. Any Magiftrate may iflue out Warrants to Conflables, to prefs Men, Horfes, or Carts, for repairing a Bridge or High- way, who fnall be paid for their Work by fuch Towns, or Perfons to v^'hom the Bridge belongs. TSUrgCfTCg. Eurgelfes muft be Members of Tome Church, gathered by confent of the Eitablifli^d Churches of the Country. They may choofe out of their Body ordinary Judges of their feveral Towns, and Deputies, who join'd with the Governour and his Alfiftants, conflitute the General Court. TBurglarp antJ t^Dbberp* Burglary and Robbery on the Highway Ihall be punifiiM for the hrft Olrence, With burning in the Forehead, with the Letter B: and the Lcfs of an Ear, if on the Sabbath; for the fecond, with Burning and Whipping; and the Lofs of t'other Ear, if on the Sabbath -, for the third, with Death. (JT^S&t All Cask to be of London AfUze, ami of good Timber, to be gaug'd, and mark'd by Gaugers, who are to have ^d. per Ton. Every Cooper that fets not his Mark on his Cask, to pay 20 y. Bad Cask ex-posM to Sale forfeited to the Informer, and the Owner to be hn'd lo.f. per Ton. A Gauger to be cholen, and (worn annually, and to pay 4oy. if he rcfufes to officiate; the Town that neg- lects to chufc one, foifeits 40 j. Th« Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 671 The Gauger is to fee that Goods are pack'd in Casks of true Alllze, and to pay lo s. for every defective Cask, half to the Informer, and halt' to the County. He is aifo to view Victuals, and to receive ^s. per Ton, if 'tis defective, if otherwife, but one. All Goods expos'd to Sale without the Gaugcr's Mark forfeited, half to the informer, half to the County. Hogfhcad-Staves are to be 3 i oot 2 Inches in Length, Barrel-Staves ^i Inches, Heading fur Pipe-Staves 28 Inches in Length, and for Hogtheads and Barrels fuitable to the Staves. Cattle* The Cattle of every Town mud be mark'd with a dillinct Mark, or pay double Damage, if they trefpafs. The Mark of fuch Cattle as feed in open common without Keeper to be on the Shoulder, or home left Buttock, and the Clerk of the Writs in every Tov.n to keep a Copy of the Marks. No unruly Beaft to feed in common, or Ground next to Corn-Helds, or any fenced Ground without Fetters. The Party aggrieved by Trefpafs, may bring his Ac- tion, or refer his Damage to two Neighbours, which the Owner of the Beaft ihall pay. But if he difapproves of the Judgment, the Parties by confent may nominate each of them a Man to re- view the Damage, who may fet afide the former Judgment, provided they agree upon it the fame Day. Cattle taken in another's Ground may be impounded, ■'till Notice given to their Owner, who may replevy them, or the other may return them, and bring his Action. In cafe of involuntary Trefpafs, the Trcfpafler ten- dring full Damage before Suit commenced, fhall not pay Cods, though the other fues him. Whoever receives Damage h'om Cattle by his own Fault, fliall recover notliing. If Goats damage any one, the Owner (hall pay double Damage, and the Perfon damnify'd Ihall keep and milk them ^lill he has receivM Satisfaction. Whoever takes another's Beaft, and works it without Leave, (liall pay treble Damages, or lOi. if the Plaintiff demands it; if they can't pay it, they fhcill be otherwife punKh'dj as the Magiftrate fees caufe. X X 4. Drifc G-j APPENDIX. Numb. IV, Drift Cattle may be fed in any open Land, not ap- propriated to any LTe. Cfjargrg of tljC PUbHCft* No Govemour, De- puty-Cjovejnour, Alliliant, Allociate, Grand or Petty furyinan, Deputy for the General Court, or Commif- lioncr for military Dift-ipline, fhall fcrve the Publick at their own Expence. Every Perfon to be afTcired by the Country Rates for ail Charges in Church and State, their Lands in the Towns where they lye, and their Perfons where rhey dvxell. 1 he Money to be levy'd on Defaulters by Diftrefs.- If nothing is found, they are to be impri- fon'd ^till the County Court, or 'till Security given. The Treafurer every ^ul) fliall fend his Warrant to the Conflables of every Town, to fummon the Inhabi- tants u^ chufe a Commiilioner for AfFeirments, who with the felect Men fliall in Angtift take a Lift of all male Perfons above ilxteen, and a Survey of their E- ftates, and ^ii^Q^s them 20 d. per Head, (except Magi- flrates, and Elders of Churches), and their Eilates at a Penny /^r l^ound. The Eflatcs of Traders are to be rated at the Difcre- tion of the Alfeflors, but they may complain, if over- rated, to the General Court. None to pay for Lands . in England. A Bull or Cow of 4 Years old, is to be rated at 3 /. Value, of ;? Years old, at 2/. 10. r. of 2 Years, at 2/. of I, at I /. An Ox of 4 Years, at 5 /. A Horfe, or Man of 3 Years, at 5 /. of 2 Years, at 3 /. of i, at I /. los. A Sheep of i Year, at 10 .f. A Goat, at 8. A Hog, at 20-^. An Afs, of i Year, at 2/. Cattle under a Year, Corn and Hay in the Earmers Hands ex- empted. Tradcfmen and Artifans to be rated by Eflimation of their Profits, unlefs difabled. Parents and Mailers Hiall be tax'd for Children and Servants taking no Wages. The CommilTioners to meet in the Shire-Town the firft IVcdiiejday in Septe?m'jey, to lign ther Lilt and Af- feifinent, and give it to the Treafurer, or be lin'd 40 x. who is to levy it by the Conflables before the 20th of Nui;cmbi, every Year. Every Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 673 Every Perfon is to pay the Conflable where he is af- fefs'd, who is to remit the Money to BvjiGii, if the Treafurer defires it, at the publick Expcnce. Eftates not laid to any Town to be alFefs'd in the neareft. Cows fliall be taken in Payment, if no Price be fet by -the General Court, at a Price currant, judg'd by the CcmmifTioners of Effex, Middlefex^ and Suffolk. Confiables charged with Collections, (liall clear Ac- counts before the hrll: of Alay, on Penalty of 5 /. The Treafurer fhall diftrain on the Conltablcs for Non-Payment, or anfwer it himfelf to the County : If nothing is to be found on the Conflable, he may diflrain on any able Man in the Town, who upon Petition, fliall have Warrant to collect the Rates over again, with rea- fonable Damages. Conflables charged with collections, may continue to finifh their collections, and deflrain for Non-Pay- ment, after their Office is expired. A Foreigner arriving with Goods to fell, the felect Men may affefs them according to Value, and ifTue a Warrant for levying it. Minifiers are excus'd from all Taxes. C6tID?Cn* All Parents to teach their Children to read, and all Maflers to acquaint their Families with the capital Laws, on Penalty of 20 s. and to catechife them once a Week. The felect Men may examine Children and Appren- tices, and admonifh Parents and Mafiers, if they find them ignorant, and with the confent of two Magi- flrates, or the next County-Court, put them into better Hands. Children fo removed by the Magiflrate, fliall ferve the Maflers they are placM with. Males ^till 21, Fe- males 'till 18 Years of Age. "Tis Death for any Child, above J 6 Years of Age, and of found Underiianding, to flrike, or curfe his Pa- rent, unlefs provok'd by extreme correction, or in their own Defence. A Son of 16, accused by Parents of Rebellion, and other notorious crimes, fhall be put to Death. Magifirates may punifh diforderly Children or Ser- vants on complaint, by Whipping, or otherwife, as they ^74 APPENDIX. Numb. IV- fee caufe, and bind them over to the next County- Court. Whoever entices away, or entertains Children or Ser- vants, to pay 40/. Whoever gives credit, or lends Money to any under 21, Ihali lofe his Money, and anfwcr for the Mifchief his doing fo occahon'd. Children to be redreft by the Magiftrate, if deny*d convenient Marriage. No Orphan to be difpos'd of without confent of fome Court, the Majority of felect Men alFenting, fuffi- cient in cafe of Marriage. Women Minors ^till 16. Cf)icurG;eonsi auo spiDtoilJESf* No Sur-eon, Mid Wife, or i-'hyfician, fliall practife on any, without confent »>f the Perfon, or nearefl Relation. Ct'Jil CaufC0 PZttP' Any Magiflrate may fummon, by the Conitable, Parties and Witnefles, and determine any caufe without a Jury, Damages not exceeJing 40 J. The County-Court may appoint three Inhabitants to determine them, where no Magiflrate dwells, who muft fwear to be faithful, but may not commit to Prifon in any cafe. If the Caufe concerns the Magiflrate, or any one of the Commiffioners, the felect Men Ihall determine it. Theie little Caufes fhall not lye before the County 'Court, but by Appeal, unlefs in cafe of AfTault, or De- famation. The freemen o( B'fion may prefent feven to be fworn by the Court of Ailiftants, as Commiflloners for that Town, any three of w^ich with a Magiflrate, or five without, may determine any Civil caufes under 10/, arifing within the Ifllmius, or Nuttles-I/ljudy or in which cither Party fhall be an Inhabitant. The Commidioners of Bo/ion (hall keep Records, and" publilh their Court -Days ; they may appoint their Clerks, and defnand of the Plaintitf, in Actions under" 40^. 3 f. 6d. for others, lo.f. and accuftomed Fees. They may take cognizance of Riots and criminal Mifdcmeanois, not lining more than 40.*. They are to have their Commilfions under the Hind of the Secretary of the General Court, and ail Conflables and Jnhabicants are to allill them. None Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 675 None to be admitted into this Office that are not faithful to their Country, and inoftenfive in their con- verfations; an Appeal Jyes from them to the Court of Alliftants. C(Cri(0« Clerks of the Writs are to be nominated by every Town, and and allow'd by the County Court. They are to grant Summons, Attachments, and Re- plevies, and to take Securities for Profecution of Suits. Their Fees are, 2 d. for a Warrant, ^d. for an At- tacliment Replevin, 4^. for a Bond for themfelves; and 9 d. for the Marefchal-General for Attachments. ConDemneD ^tttonS^ None to be executed \ill 4 Days after condemnation, but in cafe of martial Law, or fome fpecial caufe, nor to remain unhuried 12 Hours, but in cafe of Anatomy. The Dead Warrant to be lignM by the Secretary of the General Court. COnrpfr^CP- Confpiracy againft the Common- wealth, by attempting an Invafion, Infurrection, Re- bellion, or by attempting to feize any Towns or Forts, to be punifh'd with Death. ConflableSf* Conllables fhall execute the Sentence on Criminals, or get one to do it. They are to collect Rates, and AfTedments, convey Oftenders they are charg^'d with before fome Magiftrate^ receive and forward all Hue and Cries after Orfenders, and even iflue them when no Magiftrate is near. He may fearch for Oftenders in publick Houfes, and apprehend them without Warrant; but if employed, he nmil have a Warrant. Whoever refufes to affift the Conflable, mufi: pay icr. to the Country, to be levy'd by Warrant, if he does it contemptuoully, he muft pay 401. Every Conftable muft have a black Staft 5 Toot long, tipr at the upper End 5 Inches with Brafs, as the Badge of his Office, when he acts. If the Conflable refufes to forward a Hue and Cry ; he fhall pay 40 j. The Conftables may arrefi:, and ferve Summons and Attachments, where no Marflial lives. The Charge of Hue and Cry after a Prifoner muft be 676 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. be paid by the Treafurer of the County ^ after others, by rhofe who procure them. €On\)epanCejQf. No Alienation of Lands, but by Deed ii^n'd and delivered, and PolIcHion given by the Seller, or one, authoriz'd by him. The claufe of Con- veyance to be in thefe Words : To have and to hold the j aid Pvemijes relpetfively to the Payty, or G antee, his Heirs and jfffigns for ezer : If the Eflate be entaiPd, in thefe Words : Ty haie^ and to hold^ c'^c . to the Party or Grantee^ and to the Heirs oj his Bvdy l.rxfully begotten bet-ween him, and juch a one his Wije. This Form not neceflary in granting Town-Lands. Former Deeds remain good, though not in the Me- thods now prefcribed. Deeds obtained by Violence are void, fraudulent Conveyances flian't defeat a Man of his Claim to juft Debts, Licences, or Lands. No Grants , Sales, or Mortgages (hall be in Force, except againft the Grantee, himfelf, or Heirs, unlefs own'd before a Magiflrate, and recorded. All Grants before OBober 1640, to be recorded, In a Month, or to be null, except againft the Grantee ; if he refufes to own the Grant, when required, the Magiftrate may commit him, and the Grantee enter a Caution with the Recorder of the County-Court, which ihall fecure his Intereft. The Clerk of the County-Court to enter all Grants, Sales, dXc. with the Names of Granter and (irantee, with the Date, and larticulars of the Edate. If the Granter be not in the Jurifdiction, he mud enter within three Months after his Return. CDCneral Court* The General Court made up of Magifi: rates and Deputies, hath Power to tax the Country, and to give, and confirm Properties of pub- lick Lands. It hath the Supreme Legillative Power, and the Power of Judicature, and of redrclling the Grie- vances of the People • the Deputies muft take the fol- lowing Oath. T Do j\x:eaY by the in'jl great and dreadful Nawe of •^ the ever-living Gody that in all Cafes iiheretn I am to deliver my Vote or Sentence a^mirjl any criminal OjjencCy or betiueen Parties in any Civil Caje, Ivcill deal tipvightly arid Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 677 andjuftly, according to my judgment and Confcience^ and I ivili according to my Skill and Ability^ ajjift in all ether fublick Affairs of this Court jaithfully and truly, accord" ing to the Duty o) my Place, vjhen Ijhall be prefent to at- tend the Service. The Magiftratcs and Deputies in this Court muft fit and act apart, and Laws and Orders mufl be tranfmitted from one Koufe to another; not to be in f-orre 'till X^afTed by a Majority in both Houfes, and engrofled. They are to be read the laft Day of the Seifion to the whole Body united. In cafe of DiMerence, 'tis to be decided by the Majo- rity of both Houfes met together. This Court to be call'd by Governourj Deputy-Go- vernour, or Court of AiHIlants on any Occafion, but to be dilfolv'd^ or adjournM only by themfelves. It affembles by Warrant once a Quarter, or oftner. It may call the Governour or any Magillrate to Ac- count, and cenfure them, as the cafe requires. It may determine caufes without Appeal, and cite thofe depending in other Courts. The Governour to have the calling Vote in this, as the Moderator in other Civil A/Femblies. COUUtp Court The County Court confifts of Magiftrates of the County, and others appointed by the General Court at the Nomination of the Freemen, five of them with one Magiflrate may hold a Court. They may determine caufes not extending to Life, Member, or Banilhment, appoint Clerks, and other Of- ficers, and fummon juries for thp feveral Townfhips. Courts of araaantg. Courts of Affiftants confill- of Governour, Deputy-Governour, and Magi- fl rates of Biflon, who are to meet at Bofton the firfl Tuefday in March and September. 'J hey determine Actions of Appeal, capital caufes, and caufes of Divorce : They may be called by the Gover- nour, or his Deputy, as Occalion requires : Seven mull be prefent, of which the Governoyr, or his De- puty, to be one, except in cafes of neceiHty. Courts S>peC(aI. The Governour or Deputy, with two Magilhates, or any three Magiftrates may call a fpecial Court fcr the fake of a Stranger. The 678 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. The Records of it to be entered in the Court of Adiflance, at the Expence of the Party cad arOUCtS til ©enecal. Any Court may receive an A6tion from a Stranger, againft any one not an Inhabi- tant, and proceed to Judgment on Proof of legal Summons. All criminal Cafes to be try'd at the next Court that hath cognizance ol them. No Court is to transfer a Cafe to another, but they may ftate the Cafe and prcfent it to the General Court for their Opinion, and proeccd to Judgment accord- ing to that Opinion. Every Court may admit Freemen, if Church Members, and give them their Oath, and the Clerk mud fend their Names to the General Court. Any one Magiftrate may adjourn the Court, and all Parties concern'd are bound without frefh Summons to attend again. Clerks and Recorders of Courts muft be fworn to be faithful. CtUCltp. No Court can pun ifli with above Forty Stripes. No Man mufl corred any under him with Cruelty, or be cruel to a Beaft, D. OcbtC. No Debt not acknowledged for fix Years pleadable in any Court, unlefs provM or recorded in fome Court ; the Evidence of fuch mufl: be fuch as the Court approves, the Debtor to have a Year to dif- prtive it. Deputies. The Deputies for the General Court are chofen by Ballots of Freemen. They may confer about Bulincfs, and prepare it for the Court. No Town can [ertd more than two ; and a Town not having 20 Freemen, fends but one. Freemen of a Plantation under 10, vote in the next Town. They may chufe any one that is free, and lives within the TurirdiCiion. A Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 679 A Town not having 30 Freemen, may fend Depu- ties, or let it alone. Difputes about Eledions decided by the Deputies in the General Court. No Man to be a Deputy, who is not found in the main Points of Religion, regular in his Converiation, or faithtul to the Government j whoever Votes knowingly for fuch, pays 5 s. The Conihble to return the Ferfon chofen, and the Time for which, on forfeiture of 20s. They are not to be continued above a Year. They muft attend the Court, or pay 20 x. a Day, if not excused by the Houfe. No Attorney in an Inferior Court to fit in the General Court. U>ifltttfi- Things fubjed to prefent Decay, aS Corn, &c. not liable to DIftrefs, unlefs Security be given to make good the Damages. S>OU)CP' Wives not endowed by Jointure before Marriage, have a Right to a Third of the Husband's E- ftate for their Life, unlefs barr'd from it by her Confent in Writing, own'd before a Magidrate. The Heir at Law is to affign her Thirds within a Month, or fhe may bring a Writ of Dowry in the County Court. They mud leave the Eftate affign 'd them, in repair. ClCCtfOnS. Affiflants are chofen by Freemen put- ting a Bean againft the Perfon, or a Grain of Corn for him. Whoever puts In one or more Beans that is not Free, pays 10 j-. Any one may feal up his Vote before the Confiable or Deputy, and fend it to the Court of Elections at Brjion, The Governour, his Deputy, Major-General, Trea-o furer, Secretary, and CommilTioners of the United Co-» lonies are eledted by Papers fent open with their Names. Magidrates for H^owns are to be chofen by freemen fuQimoncd in the fecond Week o^ March. He 68o APPENDIX. Numb. IV, He that gives more than one Vote in any Elef^ion, to pay lo.f. The Votes for the Afiillants are to be fent from each Town to the Shire-Town, and thence to Bcjlon to be open'd before a Magiitrate the iccond Tutf.iay in Ap-il ; and the i8 that have mofl Voices, are to be Magift rates and AHiitants, 'Jhe Commiilioner who bron.'^ht the Votes, to return the Names of thofe chofen to the Conftables, and they to the i-reemen. Whoever performs not his Duty in Elections, pays lo/. N'J Qiiaker or Diilenter from the Publick Worliip lus a Vote. CfCljeateg. where there is no Heir, the Eftate is to be in the Treafury till a legal Claim be made. JFalfC^GLHtneirUtB^ 'TIs Death to attempt ano- ther's Life by vvitnellin^ falfely, wittingly and willingly. i^acniiS* Varms within the Bounds of a Town, are pait of that Town, Aleadford excepted. iFC0g» Whoever impleads another, in County- Court, or Court of AiTiilants, pays lo /. before the Ca.'ife be entered. Ten Shillings muft be paid for every Adion "before the Commiflioners of Bofion that's above 40 j. -^ d. and 4^/. for one under it, either before them or any Magi- itrate, or the three CommilFioners for fmall Caufcs. The Court mayexcufe Fees. liftcen Shillings mult be paid, where Damages are re- covered above 10 /. 20 s. where 20 /. All 1 crs to be allow'd in the Judgment levy'd by the Marfnal, and accounted to the refpective Treafurer. iFCItCC0. Every one to fence according to his Pro- portion ot the Corn-held in common, and nut to put in Cattle while any Corn remains. If they can't agree, fclect Men to determine, or the Freemen where there are none. Whoever won't ftand to their Determination mud in- cloft his own Pait. Scle(ff Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 6Si Select Men may order the Irtnces ^virhin their Bounds in Farms under loo Acre^^ and impuie lines on De- faulters under 20 s. If they neglect the Fences, to pay 5 s. to the Town per Month. They may appoint two or more yearly to view the the Fences, and give Notice to the Owners to repair them, and if they do it not in lix Days, the Surveyor may do it, and recover double Wages, ta be levyM by the Conllable, having a Warrant from the feled Men. If any one fences his Lands, his Neighbour is not to pay half of the Charge till he alfo inclofes. The firil Inclofer is not to lay open his Neighbour's Land) tho'hcmay his own, but may demand the Value of half the Party- fence to be fet by two, each chufing one, and purchafe it. This holds good in cafe of a Town-Common, but not of Houfe LotSjUnder 10 Acres ; if fuch are improved, the Neighbour pays half the Party-Fence, whether he im- proves or not. If a Perfon receives Damage from Cattle becaufe his Fence was faulty, he cannot recover it. Jf CttlC0* No Pailenger to be tranfported but by authorized Ferry-men, who can only take up at their own Ferry Place, tho' they rhay land at anothers. No Canoe to be us'd by them, on Forfeiture of the Canoe or Value of it, unlefs in cafe of Necellity. Perf'ns may pafs in their own or Neighbours Boars. Paffage at M/eymouth- Ferry id. after Day-light is over 4 d. . Magiflrates and Deputies pafs free with a Servant and Horfe, except where Rent is paid to the Country. Whoever prtiJes into a Ferry boat, without confent of Ferryman or Paflengers, he may be thruil out, or pays 10 s. Ifthe Ferryman admits oneagainft the Confent of any Magiftratc, Deputy or Elder, or Majority of the Paflengers, he pays 20 J. Pcrfons to be trnn(i)orted in their Turn, except Pub- lick Of^cers, Phyiicians, and fuch-like, who are to be taken firiL ifil!C0. Perfuns are to flay in Prifon till they pay their Fines, unlefs the Judge or Court refpitc them. y y Thr 6Sx APPENDIX. Numb. IV. The Clerk of the Court is to give a Copy of Fines 2nd Dues to the Treafurer, who mull: ifFue his Warrant to the Marcfchal to levy them. 1 he felectMen are to receive Fines in cafe of Eledions for the u(e of the poor. JfiClnff* Whoever kindles a Fire in a Wood, fo as to hurt Corn, before the 30th o{ April, or on Satur- days or Sundays, pays the Damage, and half fo much to the Country. If not able to pay, is to be vvhipt with Twenty Stripes. W' hoover fets fire to any thing, to pay double Damage and be whipt, if Ten Years old. If it be a Houfe or fuch-like, 'tis Death, with the Forfeiture of what makes Satisfaction. Perfons fufpeded of this, to be imprifoned without Bail till the next County Court. iFtflj* Filhermen may ufe Harbour or adjoyning Land for curing their Fifn, and take what Timber or Fire-wood they want, paying the Proprietor. A Surveyor of Fi'h mult be chofen by Buyer and Seller ; what he fays is merchantable, the Buyer mufl take, he mull: be fworn before one appointed to take his Oath by the General Court ; he is to have a Penny per Quintal, to be paid, half by the Buyer, and half by the Seller. All Fifh faked ^vith Sucktood, Sun burnt, Salt burnt dry FiQi, Fifli pickled, is unmerchantable. No one to kill C^od-hfh, Hake, Haddock or Polluck for falein December or ^anuary^ or Mackarel to barrel in May or ^une, on the i enalty'of 5 /. for every Quintal, and the Mackarel forfeited. The Garbage not to be thrown near the Banks. Fifliermen difobeying Orders, or getting drunk, to f)ay for the firfl Ofrbnce 20 x. for the fecond 40 j. and to be imprifoned three Months for the third. iFOJBECP. l"or.i;ery is punifhM with the Pillory, double Damages, and being difabled to give Evidence, or Verdict. jFO?ntCat{Oft. Punlfli'd by compelling Marriage, Fines, or :;s the Court {t^% fit. Jft^EltlCn. All Eriglijhmeny Members of Churches found Numb. IV. APPENDIX. d8j found in Faith, regular in Life, Free-hoJders, rateable at lOJ. being 24 Years old, may be made free. Not exempted from Offices, thu' tliey take not up their Freedom. The County Court adminiflers the Oath of a Freeman, to any admitted by the General Court. xIDallOpinQ; fS)Olk$. No one to gallop a Horfe in Biftn <>n i enalty of 3 J. 4^. <^()ni(n0. Whoever games for Money, pays treble the Value, half to the Treafurer, haLTto the Inlojmer. No playing at Shuffleboard or Bowls at a Fublick Houfe, on Fenaky of 20 s. to the Mafler, and 5 to the Player. No Dancing in Fublick Fioufes, on Penalty of 5 s. No Feafts or i ellivals to be obfervM, or Cards or Dice to be us'd, on Penalty of 5 s. None to bring Cards or Dice into the Country, or to have any in their cuftody, on Penalty of 5 /. half to the Treafurer, half to the Informer. Whoever delivers them up is excus'd ; whoever games, and informs of himielf, is excus'd ; he may witnefs againft others, but has no Benefit from informing againft them. Judges may change the Fine into corporal Punifliment H. |)CtCfp. Whoever denies the Immortality of the Soul, the Refurredtion of the Body, or the Evil done by the outward Man is Sin, or that Chrift gave himfelf a Ranfom for bins, or that we are juftihed by his Righte- oufnefs or the Morality of the 4th Command, or the bap- tizing of Infants, or the Ordinance of Magiftracy, or their Authority to make War, or punifh Offenders a- gainfl the firO: Tabic ; whoever denies any of thefe, or feduces others to do fo, muft be banifh'd the Jurlfdidion. Whoever profelHng the Chrijiimi Religion^ and being 16^ denies any Book of the Bible to be the Word of God, is to be imprifon'd till the County Court, and finM or punifh'd, as the Court thinks h"t. If he recants before Sentence, not to be fin'd a- bove 10 A Y y i If 684 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. If he offends afterwards, he is to die or be banifh'd, as the Court thinks ht. 1 he blafphemous Books of Veers or Mu^gkton to be delivered up to the Magillrate and burnt, on Penalty of 10 /. Whoever knowingly brings a Quaker or Heretick, is imprifon'd till he pays or gives Security for loo /. and carrying him away again. Whoever conceals fuch, to pay 405. an Hour, or lie in Prifon till he does. Whoever goes to a Quaker's- Meeting, pays 10 j. and 5 /. if he preaches. Whoever difperfes or conceals their Books, pays 5/. for every Book. Whoever reviles Magiftrates or Miniflers, pays 5 /. or is to be whipped. Defamers of Magiftrates or Judges, for what they do in Court, are to be punifti'd as the Crime deferves. 1 he Publiflier of any Error to be cenfur'd as he de- ferves by the County Court. Quakers not Inhabitants, to be imprifon'd till the Court of Affiftants, and then banifh'd ; not to return on Pain of Death. If Inhabitants, they are to give Security for appearing next General Court, and to be ban ifli'd if they don't recant. If he returns, to be banlfh'd again, not to return on Pain of Death. Vagabond Quakers are whipt through the Toutis, not exceeding three, and convey'd out of the Jurif- di:tion ; if they return after three Times, they are to be in the Houfe of Correction till County Court, branded with the Letter R on the left Shoulder, and whipp'd, as before ; if they return after this, to be banifh'd on Pnin of Death. If any turn (^lakers, they are to be banifti'd the Jurif- didtion, and ferv'd as Vagabond Quakers, if they re- turn. The Ma^iftrate figning the Warrant for Whipping, muft mention the Towns and Number of Stripes, and the Conftablc fee it executed at the Expencc of the County. Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 685 ^iOtS' No raw Hides, Skins, &c. to beexpofed, except thofe which have been imported, or the Skins of wild Beafts, on Penalty of the Goods or \alue. i^lg|)tt)aPl3. Highways mufl be kept in Repair by theiublick. New Roads are to be laid out by three Men of the next Towns appointed by the County Court, without pulling down Houfes, or laying open Gardens, and to be 10 Rods wide where the Ground is wet or rocky. The Town pays the Damage done to improved Lands, asvalu'd by thofe who layout the Road; thofe aggrieved may appeal to the County Court. If it be without caufe, they mud pay Charges and a Fine. The feled Men to lay out private Roads, fo as no Damage be done, without any Recompence. Gates or Rails in the Road may be puH'd up by the County Court, paying Damages to the Owners. J^OtfCj^* No Horfe to be fold to an Indian, on Penalty of a ico /. or taken on Board a Veffel, without being entered in the Toll-Book, with the Colour, Mark and Age of the Horfe, with the Name of the Perfon of whom bought, and Proof that he was the Owner of it, on Penalty of 4/. half to the Informer. No Stone-Horfe above two Years old to run at large, unlefs view'd and allowed of by the feled Men, on Penalty o^ios.per Month. If they negled to view the Horfe or levy the Fine, they pay 20J*. • 5i aplOJi^. Jaylors may take Bail in Civil Cafes, after Commitment. 3|DlC pecfOn^. idle Perfons are to be prefented and punifji'd, as the Court fees ht. 31cfUir|0P. No jefuit or Prieil to abide in the Jurif- didtion. Whoever can't clear himfelf from Sufpicion to the Court of Afliftants, to be banifh'd, not to return on Pain of Death, unlefs by Shipwreck, or in Company Y y ^ with 686 A 1" P E N D I X. Numb. IV. with any upon Bufinefsj with whom they are to re- turn. Whatever PrieR refiding there, did not depart before November ijoo^ he was to be imprifon'd for Life, and to die if he broke Prifon. Whoever conceal'd fuch, to be Pillory *d, or pay 200 /. half to the Informer. Any Judice may commit one fufpected, in order to a Trial, and he may be feiz'd by any, without Warrant. If a Prieil is driven on the Coaft, he mult go to one of the Council, obferve his Orders, and depart as foon as poilible- 3Impoff#- Wines and Strong Waters not coming from England^ are to be entered, on Forfeiture of the Goods i the Duty of fuch Goods to be paid in kind, j as the Owner can agree with the Officer. The Cuftomer may employ Deputies to wait or feareh Wines. Wines of Fyal or We(lern Ifla}2ds^ pay 5 /. fer Pipe ; o{ Mude>a 6i. S d. Sherry, Sack or Canary, Muskadel, Tent, Malinfcy, Alkant, or others from the Streights, 10^. French 5 j. Strong Waters 40 i". Confiables mufl; aifill Oiilcers in fearching for con- ceard Wines, in order to feize them, on Forfeiture of 10 s. Debts due for Cuftom, where Wines and Strong Waters are not to be had, are ^recoverable by Action. Ships not fraught in England^ pay 6d, ^er Ton, and 10 .f. /'<^>" Ship to maintain 1 ortiiKations, thofe fraught in England^ 10 s. /^oShip, if above 100 Ion, ifunder, 6 s. '6^d. pijr Ton. Publick-Houfcs to pay 2/. 6 d. per Hogfhead for Sydcr, Ale and oeer, and ^ s. for Mum to the Trcafurer, before whom he is to fwear to what he fells, or pay treble Duty, or lofe his Licenfe. All imported Goods, except Fifli, Sheep, Wool, Cot- ton, Salt, pay I d. per Pound \ a!ue, to be rated at 20 pey Cent above prime Cofl:. The MaPer, before he brciks Bulk, muft report his Lading faithfully, on Icnalty of 20-f. /"fr Ton, and the Officer enter the Goods with the Owners Names, as far 3S they can lawfully be difcover'd, and the Owner fhall Ihcw his invoyccj and difcover the Value of them to the Collector, Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 687 Collector, who mud levy the Duty, and Diflrain in cafe of Non-payment, taking 2 s. per Pound for his Labour. If the Invoyce be fatlsfied, the Collector, with the fejedt Men rate the Goods. Cattle brought into this Jurildiction, tobefoldjkiird or tranfported, to be paid for according to ihe Law men- tioned. Tit. Charges oj the Publicky on Forfeiture of the Bead or Value, half to the Inf.rmer. Goods brought by Land, to pay i d. per Pound in Money, before Sale or Exportation. The County Treafurer is to fee this Law executed. No Goods paid for by this Law, are rateable again the fame Year. The Treafurer may apply to the Council for Directi- on in doubtful Cafes. Maflers of Ships bringing rateable Goods, mufl have Orders from the Freafurer to deliver them, or pay the Rate ; the Seal of his Office is(TM). 3|ttlp?CnS. One Magifirate and the Overfeer may Lmprefs any Labourers for publick Work, authorized by the General Court for a Week, paying them Wages, unlefs they have fome Incapacity. A Perfon may be forc'd to go out of his Jurifdiction only in Cafe of a defenfive War, enter'd upon by the General Court. No Man's Cattle or Goods to be Imprefs'd without Warrant, and paying reafonable Prizes, and making good all Damage. 3iltiP?ifOlinicnt'. No one to be Imprifon'd, but in fuch Cafes as the Law allow^s of 3|nDi9n0. Mians have a PJght to Lands fubdu'd and improv'd, defiring to live among the Eiiglijh. They fhall have Allotm.ents of Lands, according to Cuftom, and have Relief in Courts, if diipoflefs'd of what is theirs, as the EiigliJJ). Lands in the Jurifdiction not improv'd by Indiana, is the Property of the EngliJJj. None to buy Land oi Indians, without Leave from the General Court, on Forfeiture of the Lands. None to fell to the Indians^ or to any Perfons inhabit- ing out of the Jurifdiction, Guns, Powder, Ball, Armour Yy 4 or (588 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. or Weapon, on ForfeituiC of 40 i. for a p( und of Lead or Shot, 5 /. for every pound ot Powder, and lo /. for Gun, Armour or Weap^ n. No Perfon not in the JurifHiction may Trade with any Indian uithin this Jurildiction for an/ Goods, with- out forfeiting them. They m^y he feiz'd by any without Warrant, half for their own Ufe. He that fells any fort of Peltry to the Indians, with- out Leave from the General Court, pays 100 /. 10 /. for the informer. Whoever fells them any flrong Liquors, pays 40 s. a Pint ; a Third to the Informer. Trucking Houfes not allow'd by the General Court, are to be demolifti'd. Phyficjans may prefcribe in Liquors forbid to the Indi- ans, with Licenfe of a Magiflrate None to fell the Indians a Boat, Skiff or Canoe, on Forfeiture of 50/. Damage done their Corn, to be recompenc'd by thofe whofe Cattle did it. Thofe whofe Cattle may damage their Plantations, muft help them to fence, and they mufl fell them Tools to do it. li they refufe to fence, they can't have Damage. They mufl fence Lands granted or purchafed, at their own Charge. If the Indian Cattle damage the Englij'h, they mufl make Satisfiction. Laws lefpectin^ them, mufl be made known to them once a \ear, by one api ointed by the General Court. CivilizVl Indians living under the Cjovernment, fhall have an Indian Commiilionci, and C nuables and Mar- dials in their Plantatinns, and the Po^vcr of a County Court to determine C^ufes, provided an Engltjh Magi- flrate appoint the Time and Place, and conlents to all Judgments. Indians not to profane the Sabhith, or to have flrong Li;3uors. If Drunk, they mufl pay 10 s. or be whipp'd with Ten Stripes, confefs where they had the Liquor, or flay ih the Houfe of Correction, till they pay the Fine of the Liquor th:;y drank. The S Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 689 The Accufation ofan Indian will be good againil any that purgethnot himlelfby Oath. Thofe who have Licenfe to fell Peltry to the IndianSy may alfo fell Arms and Ammunition to thofe not in Ho- Itility, paying to the Treafurer every half Year 6 s. fer pound of Powder: 6 d. for lo pound of Shot : 3 .r. per Gun and/-^/' dozen of Sword-Blades, and give a true ac- count upon Oath of what he fells, on Penalty of 5 /. for every pound of Powder ; 5 /. for every 10 pound of Shot; 10 /. for every Gun or dozen of Sword-I]lades ; this to be in Force while the Court pleafes. 166^. 3|tlDiCtmenf0. The indictment muil be within a Year after the Offence, except in capital Ofl-ences, Crimes that concern Life, or Member, or Banifliment, Treafon, Confpiracy or Pelony, above 10 s. cr Civil Ri.sht or Caufe of Action at Law. 3!nn fteCPCr^. None to keep a Publick Houfe with- out Licenfe from the County Court, on penalty of 5 /. or Imprifonment during Pleafure. Merchants not to Retail under three Gallons of Wine or Syder, and a Qiiart of Srrong Waters. Publick Houfes muff haveaSign within three Months, or forfeit their Licenfe. And fell Beer at 2 d. per Quart, 4 Bufhels of Malt to the Hogfhead, on penalty of40J-. Jf they brew with any thing inflead of Malt, to pay 5 /. They mufl: fuffer none to be drunk, or to have above fcalf a pint of Wine, or to fit above half an Hour, or af- ter Nine at Night, on penalty of 5 s. If they conceal a Drunkard, or fend not for the Con- ftable, they pay 5 /. Whoever is drunk, pays 3 j. 4 i. for drinking too much ; 2 J. 6 d. for flaying more than half an Hour; and 5 s. for fitting after Nine at Night ; to be imprifon'd till he pays, or fit in the Stocks 3 Hours. If he abufes the Conftable, or drives to Efcape, he may commit him till he pays, or till Order from the Ma- giflrate. Licens'd Houfes may entertain Travellers or Seafaring Men in the Night. Private Perfons pay 20 j. or fit in the Stocks for the S^ft Offence, in permitting People to tipple in their ' Houfes ; 690 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. Houfcs ; 5 s. for the fecond ; to be bound to better Be- haviour or comnnirted for rhe third. Merchants of Wine to pay 10 s, if any drink to £x- cefs in their Cellars. Drunkards forfeit double for the fecond Offence, and treble fr the third ; if not able to pay it, they muO: be whipp'd with ten Stripes. They mult be committed for the fourth Oflence, or find Sureties for their good Behaviour. Perf(^ns keeping a Publick Houfe, fliall be difabled from keeping one for ever, if they otiend in this Point the third time. Whatever Victualler is not provided to entertain Strangers Horfes with Stable Room and Attendance, pays 2 S.6 d. and double Damages. Retailers pay 5 s.pey But of Wine, and 2 d.per Quart of Strong Waters to the Country j the Duty to be ac- counted for, and an account of what the Retailer buys to be given every fix Months to the Treafurer, or the Wine is forfeited, half to the Treafurer and In- former. They mufl: not fell Wine above <5<^. a Qiiart more than what it coft them per Butt. The Treafurer may appoint OfEcers to collect this Duty, and take it in Wines or other Goods ; he is to have 2 s. in the pound. Whoever fells Drink, except to a Stranger, in Time of a Lecture, pays 5 s. Oiiences againlt this Law determined by one Magi- flrate, who may warrant the Conilable to levy the iines. One Confe.Ting, is good Witnefs agalnft another. Con!iables may fearch for Offenders on Lord's-Days and Lecture-Days ; they forfeit 10 y. for any Neglect. Licenfes mufl: be renewed every Year, on penalty of 5 /. This does not extend to Vintners under Contract with the Publick. Perfons difturbirg the Houfe where they drink, pay 5 s. if the Mader fuffers it, his Licenfe llian't be re- newed. Thofe who are with them are Guilty, unlefs they teft'fy their DiOikc. Ihofc who are addicted to Tippling, and warn'd by felect Numb, IV. APPENDIX. 691 ^eied Men not to frequent Taverns, (hall pay 5 s. if ^ound in a publick Houfe. Keepers of publick Houfes mud have a Licence, not to entertain fuch i^eifons : if they do, to pay 20 s. JuDgeg. No Perfon is to lit as Judge in a Caufe when his Relation is concerned. UlUtlgmenriQl. \{ a judgment or Execution be fold it is void in Law. If the Party dyes before he has had Satisfaftion, his Executor (hall renew it. Judgment confefs'd before two Magiftrates is good, the Clerk may receive a Shilling Fee. If a Perlbn whofe Goods are taken in Execution owns what is not his own, he makes it good, and pays double Damages. If other Perfon's Goods be feiz'd in Execution, they muft be reflor'd, and anc>ther Execution granted, as if no Goods had been feiz'd at all. 3iurit0. The Clerk in Court muft fend a Warrant to Conflables to fummon Jurymen, in proportion to the Inhabitants. He wuil give Notice to the Freemen to chufe and re- turn thofe chofen. None muft be warn'd from Salem to Ipfwkhy or fyf" wich to Salem, In fpecial Courts Jurymen have 4 x. a Day from thofe who defir'd that Court. The Juries at the Court of Afliftants are chofen in Stiffolk and MUidkfex. Jurors fworn are to find the Fa6t according to Evi- dence, the Judge to determine Matter of Equity. Cafes of Life or Baniftiment try'd in inferior Courts, only by fpecial Jury. Grand Juries fummoned once a Year to prefcnt Mif- demeanors. No Juror fhall difcover a Crime, when under Tye of Confcience to the contrary, except the publick would fuller, or legal Teftimony is required. Every Grand Juryman is to have 9 /. a Day out of the Perquifites of the Court. The Jury may bring in their Verdid fpecial, and then the Court determines. Ju- 692 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. Jurors may find in their Verdidt as much as they can, if they can't hnd the main Iflue. If the Court and Jury difters, the cafe iflues in the Court of AfTiftants. They may there bring new Pleas and Evidence. If the I'laintiri: purfues not his Caufe there, the De- fendant is to have Cofts the next County Court. Any Juror not fatisfy'd, may openly in Court confuh with any Man. No Juior is forc'd to ferve above one ordinary Court in a Year, except fummoned, in cafes of Life, or BaniQi- ment. Grand Juries mufl ferve two Courts together at lead. Piaintitts or Defendants not appearing, are nonfuited, and to pay Cofts to him who does appear. The Parties may agree to try it afterwards, the Plain- tiff paying half fees for a new Entry. Any prefented by the Grand Jury, or fummon'd by the Magiftrate, mufl be proceeded againft for Contempt, if they don^t appear. In all Civil Cafes the Verdid of the Jury mud be accepted. But upon apparent corruption, the Party ag- grieved may attaint the Jury, and have Execution re- fpited, upon his being bound to profecute at the next Court of Afliflants, and the Clerk fummons a new Jury of 24, to try the Adion of Attaint. If they find for the Plaintiff, the former Defendant pays Damages, if corruption be found in the Jurors, the Court fines, or imprifons ; if they are acquitted, the Plaintiff pays double Damages, the former Judgment is good, and Execution iifued. L. LdltUfS- All Lands are Freeholds, and fubjeft to no Fines upon Alienations, nor Harriots, Wardfhips, Ef- cheats, or Forfeitures, on the Death of Parents, or An- ctdors for ever. LcOtftCC. None but Tanners are to tan, on Forfei- ture of 6^. 8^. Whoever cuts the Hide in fleaing, pays i s, for every cut. Lea- Numb. IV. APPENDIX. $93 Leather badly tann'd is forfeited, if expos'd to Sale. Tanners having their Fatts in improper Places, or putting Leather in warm Moors, pay 20/. Curriers not to drefs Leather badly tann'd, but to curry Leather well, on Forfeiture of the Hide that is prejudiced. Every Town nuifl: appoint Perfons to view the Lea- ther, to feal what is good, and feize what is otherwife. If the Owner fubmits not, it is to be view'd by four skilful Perfons, who are to make their Report to the next County Court. The Officer's Fee for Sealing is i d. per Hide for Par- cels under five, and 6d. for every Dickar above. If he is not faithful, he forfeits the Value of the Leather. Fines are paid, a Third to the Shire, a Third to the Town, and a Third to the Seizer. SibcrtiCie^. Any Perfon may come into Court, or Council, and move for any thing in a decent Manner. Every Houfliolder has free Fifliing and Fowling, in any River, Bay, &c. within the Precinds of the Town where they dwell, fo far as the Sea ebbs and flows, unlefs it be appropriated by the Freemen. No Town to appropriate to one Perfon above ten Acres. Lands adjoining have the Property toLow-water mark, but no Proprietor to hinder the PafTage of Boats where the Sea ebbs and flows. Any may pafs thro* another's Lands, not trefpading on Corn, or Meadow. Any one may remove himfelf cut of the Jurifdldion. iLptnO'- Whoever publiflies a Lye to the Prejudice of the publick, or any private Perfon, pays los. or fits in the Stocks two Hours for the firit Otfence, for the fecond, 20;. or whipp'd ten Stripes, for the third, 40 J. or fifteen Stripes j every new lault increales 10 j. or five Stripes. Fines to be Icvy'd, or PuniHiment infliftcd by the Marflial. The Offender may appeal to the County Court. )f without (,aufe, he pays double Fine. Perfons mud correct their Children or Servants under Age for this iault before the (Jificers. ^94 APPENDIX. Numb. IV- M. S^alt. Malt mull: be in good Condition, on Pe- nalty of I s, fC' BuQicl. No Wheat, Barley, Bif-uit, Beef, Flower, to be im- ported, on Penalty oi ^^onufcation. Marfiials and Cunltables may feize wherever they find it, and have a fourth Part. ^anflauglptft. if any one fiiall kill another in defending himfelf, or one who attempts to rob, or mur- der, or break into a Dvvelling Houfe, he (hall be blame- lefs. ^anffcaliniJ. whoever fleals a Perfon, is to be put to Death. ^parriagCtf. whoever flrikes his Wife, or her Husband, is find not exceeding lo/, or otherwile punifh'd, as the Court direds. None are to be marry'd 'till it has been publi^M in the Meeting, where they d veil three Times, or affix'd to ihe Meetinghoufe Doors for 14 Days. None are to court a Mnd, without Confent of her Parents, 5 /. for the firft Offence, 10 /. for the fccond, Imprifonmcnt for the third, 'till released by the County Court Marry'd Perfons mufl live together, unlefs the Court of AlTiitants approve of the Caufe to the contrary. None are to marry Perfons but the Magiftrate. None may marry the Sifter of a former Wife. CParfljalflr. Every Court (hall have a Marfhal to execute Writs, Summons, C7c. and to levy C^oods by Warrant, which he is to deliver to the Plaintitt, or make him Satisfaction. r.xecutions mull be returned to the Clerk that granted them, with an Account, and if the Plaintiti is not fa- tisfyM, the Clerk may grant Execution for what re- mains. The Marflia! is to ferve and return Attachments, to levy Pines by Warrant, or to pay 2 j. per Pound for what is not collected or returned. He is to be no Clerk nor Recorder. H)9 Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 695 His lees are for Fines, i s. per Pound, for Attach- ments witliin a Mile i j-. 3 d. for Executions i s. per Pound, for Sums under 10/; 6 d. per Pound more, for all under 40 /^ 3 d. more, for all under 100/; id, more, for all above, out of the Eflate of the Defen- dant. If his Fees anfwer not his travelling Charges, he has C d. per Mile. He is to pay to the Marflial-General 3 i. in i^ d, of Attachments, and ^ d. in 11 d. of Executions, who is aifo to have 2 d. per Quart of ftrong Waters rctaird, the Benefit of importing them, and 50 j. of thofe who fell them without Licenfe, if he informs. The MarQial in levying Fines, &c. may after de- mand, break Doors, Locks, c!7c. and require AfTiftance. He may levy Fines for whatever extraordinary Charges he is at. He muft not feize Bedding, Apparel, Tools, Arms, or Vv hat's necefTary to Life. No Oilicer is oblig'd to fearch for any Man's Eflate, but at the Place of Abode, he may take the Perfon, if he will not dired him to his Goods. If he does any one an Injury, he may be fu'd. ^^affeti^, ©etUantg. Servants can't fell any thing without Licence. Workmen muft work the whole Day ; Time to be allow'd for Food and Reft ; the Freemen may fettle the Rates of Labour and Time, and Men muft work according to fuch Rules. If any Diftercnce arife about it between Towns, the County Court decides it. Servants running away may be brought back again by Force. Wages may be paid in Corn, valued by two Freemen chofenj if thefe don't agree, the Magiftrate or Conftable chufes a Third, who decides it. Whoever flics from a cruel Mafter to a Freeman^ may be harbour'd, giving Notice to the Mafter and Magillrate. None are to be turn'd over for above a Year, but by Confent of fome Court. If a Servant is hurt he goes free, and the Mafter re- compences as the Court determines. Faith- 6^6 APPENDIX. Numb. IV- Faithful Servants not to be Tent a\^ay empty, unfaith- ful not unpuniih'd. ^pilttin- The Militia is commanded by a Major- Genera 1, that of Suffolk, Middlefex and Ejfex by the Serjeant-Major of each, that of No; folk by the Major of EJJex. The Serjeant-majors are chofc-n by the Freemen and Houfholders, by a VVarrant from the Major-General. They mult exercife their Regiments once in three Years, and have 20 /. for it out of the Treafury. They may fine and levy upon Delinquents, with Confent of their Officers. Houfliolders and Freemen chofe the Officers, to be confirmed by the County Court. Towns chargeable with 6^ Soldiers (hall chufe all Officers, and form a Company, others only Serjeants and Corporals, the Major joyning fmall 7 owns into a Company. Officers mufl have their Commiilion from the General Court, and take Care of the Equipage of their Compa- nies, and exercife them fix Times a Year, and punifh Diforders corporally, or by Fine, under 26 s. Soldiers and all Inhabitants are to be furnifli'd with Arms, on Penalty of 20 /. and Males above fixteen to attend Exercifes, on Penalty of 5 s. except Magii^rates, Deputies, Officers of Court, Elders and Deacons, thofe of Harva}d 'Co]k^ey School- mafters, Phyficians and Surgeons, Treafurers, Surveyors General, publick No- tary, Maflers of Ships ab( ve 20 Ton, lilhcrmen at fifh- jn^ Seafjns, confiant Herdfmen, one Servant of a Ma- giftrate and teaching Elder, the Sons and Servants of the Major General, and thofe who are infirm. The Uerk of every Company muft keep a Lift, take Notice of Orfenders, view Arms and Ammuni- tion twice a Year, and give an Account to the Cap- tains, and levy Fines, and lay them out for Trophies, Colours, Drums, Halberds, or Arms and Ammunition for the poorer Sort. A Committee (hall have Power in every Town to appoint a Watch. 1 he Committee of Bc/ion, Charles-To'wn^ Salem and Ipf.vicb conliiis of the chief Officer of Horfe, and a chief Officer of every Company of Foot. Every Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 6Clf'nUltt()CC- All Self-murtherers muft be buried in the High-way, with a Load of Stones on their Grave. ©cfioolg, See ^mfCetjJ* &tiZ£f' Any Man may keep what Sheep he pleafes on a Common notftinted, belonging to the Town where Z z 4 he 704 APPENDIX. Numb. IV. he lives, on a Common filnted, he may ule his Share, accounting five Sheep to a Cow. The felect Men ire to clear the Commons of Brufli and Wood, and to fet the tines fur putting Rams to the Flock. Whoever molefts Sheep, pays 5/. and double Damages. If a Dog kills or hurts Sheep, the Owner muil hang him, or pay double Damages; if after Warning, he mud do both. Sheep muft be wafh'd, and not put into dirty or fandy Ground between that and fheering, on penalty of J s. per Sheep. No fhort Locks or Lumps of Dirt or coarfe Tails to be wound in the LJeeces, on Penalty of i ;. d()(p* The Owner or Builder of any new Ship muft give Notice of it to the Governour, or his De- puty, or any two Magiltrates before they plank, that Officers may view it, on penalty of 10 /. The Surveyors may caufe bad Materials to be chang'd; if the Builder and they ditier, two Shipwrights fwearing to be Faithful, muft determine it, and be paid by him in Fault. No Health to be drank on Board any Sh'p in Harbour, or Gun to be fir'd after Sunfet, or on the Sabbath, on penalty of 20J. for every Health or Gun. All Ships above 20 Tun, except thofe whofe Owners are Inhabitants, pay half a pound of Gun-powder for every Ton. No Perfons are to trade with any Ship till it comes to Anchor, and under command. *p(nntng» ah Hands not employed, are oblig'd to fpin. Thefeled Men may aftefs Families at one fourth, half or whole Spinner, or more. Every whole Spinner is to fpin 3 pound per Week of Wollen, Cotton, or Linnen, for 30 Weeks in a Year, on penalty of i s. per pound (hort. ®0lJ0mp» Sodomy is punifh'd with Death, if one of the Parties was forced, or under 14, Ihali not die, but be feverely punifh'd. ®ttanBEt0» Chriftian Stranp;ers flying from Ty- ranny and Oppredion to be maintained by the publicic ^11 otherwifc provided for. Men- Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 705 Men -Strangers upon their Arrival are to give an Account of themfelves before the Governour, or his Deputy, or two Magiflrates, and to have the Beneht of, and to be fubject to the Laws, as well as the Inhabitants. None to be entertain'd above three Weeks without Licence, if the Conftables know they are, they mufl re- turn their Names to the County Court. &tt^Vtl&' Beafts taken up flraying muft be given to the Conitable, and cry'd three Times, if worth 20 s. at the two next Markets, or meeting Houfes. If the Finder gives no Notice in a Month, or re- cords not the Goods found in three Months in the County Court, he forfeits the Value. The Owner may claim in a Year, paying Charges, if no Claim be made, the Goods are half to the Find- er, and half to the Country. If they put not a Whith about the Neck of the Bead found flraying for a Month, they lofe the Charges of taking and keeping ; if it be taken off by the Own- er, he lofes the Value to the Finder. No Beaft is to be taken up as ftraying, from the firfl; of April to the 20th of December y unlefs it trefpafs in Inclofures. @UCCtt£0* Sureties for Appearance fhall not be difcharg'd 'till the Principal be furrendred, or the Exe- cution fatisfied, unlefs it be delayed above a Month after Judgment. Goods attached are held 'till Judgment is fatisfied. If Bond for Appearance is forfeited, the Court pro- ceeds to Hearing and Judgment, and if the Plaintiff have a Verdid, Judgment is granted, and Execution iflued againft Defendants and Sureties. S)t!)CdC{nS« Whoever curfes or fwears, pays 10 r. or fits in the Stocks, if more than once, the Penalty is doubled. Any Magiftnte may determine this Caufe. g)toin0* The fcled Men are to fettle Orders, to prevent Mifchief by Swine, or to pay 40 s. Satisfadion is to be made for the Damage they do, if the Fences were as the feled Men order'd. If impounded, and not own'd for three Days, he may give three Days Notice to the two next Towns, if 7c6 APPENDIX, Numb. IV. if within five miles, and fell them by Outcry, or have them appraised, and keep them. If the Owner appears, he may have the Overplus after Charges and Damages are defrayed. tEilC'^Cartft* Tile-Earth muft be dug before No- 'vember, and turn'd once a month, on Penalty of half the Tiles made of that Earth. CObaCCO« None to fmoak fo near to a Houfe, Barn, C7c. as to endanger firing it, on Penalty of lo /. and Damages, if they happen. None to fmoke in a publick Houfe, fo as to offend the ma'ter or gueds, on Penalty of is. 6 d. Collins Of Cattle^ ah Cattle toiled mud be tol- led in the Clerk of the Writs Book, at 3 j. a Head, at the Peril of the Buyer. The teller enters his Name with two Vouchers, who are to make good theDamage, if theCattle are challeng'd. Any one who has loft Cattle, may fearch the Toll- Book with >ut Charge. CdtDtti^ip* The Freemen may make Laws for their Town, except in Criminal Cafes, and impofe I'ines under 20 s. and chufe their ^ti^tx men, not ex- ceeding p. Any Houfholder aged 24, rated at 8 /. Eftate, having taken the Oaths to the Government, may be a feed man. Juror, or Conftable, though not free, provided the majority of felect men are fo. Every Tovvn may fine one refufing to ferve as Con- liable 5 /. the Town of Bvfl'm 10 /. No Cottage or Dwelling-Houfe to be admitted to the Privilege of Common, but by the Towns Confent. Condables muft ferve the Warrants of the feledt men, and levy their Fines. CieafUCerg^ The County Treafurer muft keep exact Accounts, and not make any Payment to any indebted to the Country, without dedu(hing the Debt. All Fines arifmg in County Courts, or ordered by one Magiftrate or Commidioner in Criminal Cafes are paid to him, the Treafurer is chofen annually by the Freemen, The Numb. IV. APPENDIX. 707 The Secietaries of Courts fhall give an Account of all Dues coming to them within 14 Days after the Courc ends, who is to warrant the Conflable to levy them within a Week. He is to give in his Account to the General Court every Year, and to have i /. per Pound for all tines, and to be free from all Rates. If he has not enou;^h to defray publick Expences, the County Court muO; rate the County for the Dehciency. He is to prefent the Names of negligent Conftables to the County Court. ^tp3l0* All Tryals are by Bench and Jury, un^ lefs where the Law has ordered it other wife. An Oftender may challenge any of his Jury, wixh fhewing Caufe. Children and Ideots to have all reafonable Allowances. V. SlajjnbOnBS* Vagabonds are to be carried be- fore the MagiRrate, and correded, and fent from Con- ftable to Conftable, ^till they come home, if they won^t tell their Home, they go to the Houfe of Correaion. ([IOt£0. Every Freeman call'd to vote, may do ic according to his Confcience; if he is filent, he muft be deem'd as a Negative. If the Prefident of any Aflembly will not put the Queftion, the majority may, and punifli him l^r refufing. 2JfUtP- No man fhall be adjudged for Forbearance of a Debt above 8 per Cent, per Annum, Bills of Ex- change excepted. , w. ©aatrtlllff. The Conftable*s Watch begins the firft of May, and continues ''till OEioLer, It mud confift of able men, and be order'd by the Conflable, unlefs the feled men appoint otherwife. All warn'd upon the Watch mufi: ferve, or pay 5 /. except remote Farmers, Magiflrates, Deputies, Elders of Churches^ Officers of the Country, or Milicia. The Watch muft examine all in the Streets after 10, and fecure them 'till morning, if they don't give a good Account of thcmfelves. If fo^ APPENDIX. Numb. IV. If any are found in Debauchery or Drunkenefs, they are kept 'till the Law is (atished. 82leigf)tS anD^cafUreg. TheTreafurer mufl: provide, at the County's Charge, feal'd Meafures and trafs Weights and Standards. The Conftable of every Town mud get a Set try'd by thefc, and fealed by the Treafurcr, or his Deputy. He is to dehver them to the felea men ; who are tm chufe an Officer to be fworn in the next County C'ourt, to whom all the Inhabitants are to bring their Weiglits and Meafures to have them try'd, and (card the fccond month in every Year. The Conftable, feled Men or Sealer pay 40/. if they neglect their Duty, the Inhabitants 3 f. 4^. The fele(5t Men mud appoint one to be fworn for meafuring Corn, Wood, or Boards. None are obliged to receive thefe Commodities, un- lefs meafur'd by him. tilliatfaSC. Goods are to pay Wharfage according to fettled Ratesj only where the Wharfs are made and maintained. Weighty Goods muft be fet on End, or 7 Foot from the fide, on Penalty of double Wharfage, none to lye on the Wharf above 48 Hours. The Wharfinger may take his Wharfage out of the Goods, if not otherwife paid. None to caft Anchor, or do any thing elfe in, or near the Cove at Bijioriy that may endanger other Vef- fels, on Penalty of 10 s. befides Damages. None to cafl into the Cove any thing to fill it up, or annoy the Inhabitants, on Penalty of 40/. (KliniS- Wills muft be recorded in the County Court, or Adminifiration taken out within 50 Days af- ter Demife. Whoever enters upon, or embezzels the Eftate of the Deceas^'d, before he proves, and records the Will of the Deceased, or takes out Adminiilration, pays all Debts of the Deceased, whether Alluits be proved, or not, and 5 /. per Month, 'till the Will is prov'd, or Admi- nifiration taken out. If an Executor refufe to ad, or Friends refufe to adminiller, the Cleik of the Writs in the Town, noti- fies it to the County Court, on Icnalty of ^os.ptr Month, and the Court takes Care of the Eflate. Two Niimb. IV. APPENDIX. jo9 Two Magiftrate$ with the Clerk of the County may take a Probate of Wills atcefted by two Witnefles, or grant Adminiltration, giving Notice of, and recording it in the next County Court. The County Court divides the £ilate of an f nteHate among the Wife and Children ; Daughters are to be Coheirs, and elded Sons to have a double Portion. WitC&^0. Witches fuiier Death. C£lltJieff£|0. None to die but by two Evidences, Viva Voce. Any Magiftrate or CommifTioner may take Evidence from one above 14, but it is not good in Court, unlefs the Perfon is prefent to be farther examinM, exce|M: he iive above 10 miles olr, or is hindred by fuificient Caufe. He who fummons Witneiles mull pay their Charges^ 2 s. per Day to thofe 3 miles diftant, and who are to pafs a Ferry, except that between Chayles-Tcum and Ecfion; iSii. to others. Whoever on the Tender of this refufes to give in Evidence, pays the Party's Damages. 1 Witnelles in Criminal Cafes are paid by the Trealu- rers, and thefe by the Delinquents. tMoVOCS' Whoever kills a Wolf within 10 miles of a Plantation, contributing to the publick Charge, has 40 X. ; 20 s. from the County, 10 j. from the Country, and 10 s, from the Town. Q^OOQ. Wood brought by W'ater is afliz'd, at the Rate of three Load per 4 Ton. Cordwood mull: be 8 Foot long, 4 high, and 4 broad, 1647. 3©0j(l|tp falfc. Idolatry is punifh'd with Death after legal Convidion. iBtPCfeSf. If any fuffer Shipwreck, whether Friends or Enemies, their Perfons are to be harbour'd, and their Goods preferv'd ^till farther Orders. Whales, or other fuch Fifli driven on Shore, if they can't be kept fliall be improved by the Townfhip, or Owners of the Land where they come on Shore, and an Account given to the next General Court. ([i([{jtt0* All Writs, &c. are iifued, and proceeded upon in the Name of the King, or Queen o^ Eughind, NyMB- Numb. V. A Lif of the Council and General AfTembly of the Province of the MalTachufet-Bay for the Tear 171 9. EDNFSDAY the 27th of May, bciiig the Arl- niverfary Day appointed by the Royal Charter for chufing His Majefly's Council of this Province ; the Great and General Court or AfTembly eJedted the following Gentlemen for the enfuing Year ; and all that were prefent being fworn, took their Places at the Board, having been firft approved by His Excellency. SAMUEL S HUT E, ECq; Governour. Members of the Council. Thofe that have this (*) Mark, are new ones. TJ/m. Dummer, EfqjLG. ^^ Samuel SewaUy Efq; Penn Town/end, Efq; John Appleton^ Efq^^ Nathaniel Byfield^ Efq; ^ohn Higginjon^ Efq; Samuel Patridge, Efq; Edward Brornfield, Efq; Ifaac Winflovj, Eft^; Nathaniel Paine, Efq; yohn Cujhing, Efq; Nathaniel Nordeny Efq; ?ohn OtiSy Efq; ohn Wheelwright, Efq; William Tailer^ Efq; Benjamin Lynde, Efq; Addington DavenOort, Efq; Thomcu Hutchinjun, Efq; John Clark, Efq; Samuel Brown, Efq; Thomas Fitch, Efq; Edmund Quince), Efq; Jonathan j^elcher, Efq; Jonathan Dows, Efq; Jcfeph Hammond, Efq; Paul Dudley, Efq; * Samuel Thaxter, Efq; * Charles Frofi, Efq; all 28. In The Members of the Houfe o( Reprefintatives for the feveral Towns, are as follow. Thofe that have this (*) Mark, are New ones. *Eli(h.Cooke£/j; ^*01iverNoyes£/^; Wr. ifaiahTay -*Afr.Willm. Clark /^ox^^jWillm.DudleyE/^; BoftOK, Hingham, Ca/. Sam. Thaxter Brantrey, * Major John Quincey. Dedham,^ Caft. Sam. Guild ,, ^, ,_, ^ , Medfield, M.Henry Adams Do;cheJler, Major Thomas i M^tymouth* Mr.]QhnTov' Tilcfton I rcy. Mlton^ Numb-V. APPENDIX Milton, Mr. Ephr. Tucker Wrentham, * Mr. Thomas Bacon. Mendon,]o(izh ChzpmEfq. Brooklin^ " ' Woo^Ji>ck, * M. Sam. Paine Needham, — — CMr. Tim. Lindal Salem, y" Capt. John Gar- i dener Jpfwich, Capt. Matthew Whipple * Mr. Michael ^ Farley Lynn, John Burril, Efq Speaker rCapt. Richard Newbury, ^^/^'^.than C Coffin. Marblehead, John Cawley Andover, * Mr. Nehemiah Abbot Bradford, * Mr. Thomas Kimbal Beverley, * Mr. Samuel Balch Wenham, Mr. William Ro- gers Rowley, Mr. Jofeph Jewet Salisbury , Captain John Wadleigh HaveyhiU]'^]ohn^h\te,Efq Ame^bury, * A/r.Jof Brown Glocefler, C^j/'f^fw Nathaniel Coit Topsfield, * Mr. James Fer- kms Boxford, Mr, Tho. Pearley Manchejler, .— — Cambridge, * Mr. Andrew JBordman Charles- Toivn, 711 Charles Cham- bers Efq; John Foye, Efq IVatertGwn, Mr, Samuel Stearns Newton, * Mr, Ebenezar Stone Concord, * Mr. Benjamin Whittemore IVoburn, * Mr. Samuel Walker Reading,^ Mr. John Brown ■.udbury,* Mr. Peter Haynes Marlborough, Thomas How Efq-. Maiden, M. Jacob Wilfon Chelmsford, * Mr. Stephen Pierce Billerica, * Oliver Whiting Efq-. :herbcrn, * Mr, William Rider Grotton., Capt. John Shipley Lane ajler, Mr. John Hough- ton Framngham, Jof. Buck- minfter Efq; Medford, *■ Mr, Thomas Wnilis Lexington, * Mr. Thomas Blegget Wefion, Francis Fullam Efq; Stow, — ■ " " ' Spring fii Id, Luke Hitch- cock Efq; North uTfrpton, John Stod- dard Efq\ Hadley, ^'Mr. John NaOi Hatfeld, Mr. John Dick- infc^n Snffield, Mr. John Auftln M^e/lJ^eld,'']ohnA(hkyEfq; En- APPENDIX. Numb. V. Little Compt, Tho. Church Efq; .^'wanT.ey^ * Mr. John Tho- mas 7ive-t(>n^ Mr. Garfhom Woodel AttlehoYoughj * Mr. Jerem, Whipple Dightouy * Mr, Ebenezar Pitts N.rtOHy * Mr. Nicholas White Baringtony * Mr. Zechariah Bicknel Fyeetoivriy * Mr. Samuel Forman Torky * Abraham Prebble Kittevy y * Charles Froft Efq; Wellsy Capt. Jofeph Hill Falmouth , ^ Mr. William Scales Berwicky * Captain Samuel Plaifted Biddifordy* Mr. Humphrey Scammon Edgar 'Town, Mr. John Norton ^^'/'^^'^'fPainMahewE/i Nantuckety George Bunker Efq, 711 Enfield y ■ .Of.buyy y * Mr. Samuel Scaberry Rxheftery Mr. John Ham- mond Pembrooky * Capt. Thomas Barker Plymptcity * Mr. Benoni Lucas Middleboroughy * Capt. Ja. Thompfon Barnftabley * Jof! Lowthorp Ejq; Eaftham, Mr. John Paine Sandwichy '^Afr. John Chip- man Tarmouthy*Mr. John Hedge Harwichy* Afr.WilliamMir- rick Truroy * Thomas Paine Efq^ Brifloly Captain William Throop 7'auntony * Seth Williams Efq; Dartmouthy Mr. Jonathan Delano Rehdbothy * Mr. Daniel In ail 103. Carpenter The Reprefentativcs of Hlngham and Kittery being chofen of His Majefty's Council, Writs are ifTued forth Xo clc(5t two others in their Room. FINIS. Inde5C. INDEX. A. ^^OC AD J^defcrib'd, 9LiAiii 452. Taken by Sir *-' isi :^ fViliUm Phips, 458. Adventurers in England ^ifcourag'd from Trad- ing with the Planters, 109. They fell their Shares in the Plantation, no. Ajjlicled. Vid. Witch- crafts. Aldin, (Capt. '^ohn) his Exaniination for Witch- craft, 524. Efcapes out of the Province, 527. Sur- renders himicif, and is ac- quitted, ib. Ahxajider Sachem of the Pf'^ornpancngs furprized, and carried Prifoner to Pit- mouthy 53:^. America. Conjcciiircs of Icirned ?Jen about its firft inhabitants, i. Difcover- ed by Columbus, 10. Se- Vej^l Voyages bf the Jlnz- Upo to theNorthern Parrs of it, 13. ^w;V^i,(Capt. Philif) his firft Voyage to North America, 13. Anabaptifts feparate froiti the NevO'EnglandCYiMXchtSf 278. Their Sufferings, 279. A Law made againft them, 284. A Letteh of the Dif- fenting Miniftersofl.ow<^o;75 in their Favour, 354. A villainous Contrivance to reuder them odious, 356. Charadler of the prefent A^ nabaptijls of Boflon, 589. Andres (Si. EdmundjGo- vernor of Nevc-^ngland, 420. Marches againft the Indians with an Army of 1 000 Men, 427. Is dcpo- (cdi, and fcnt Prifoner to England y 432. His Male- Adminiftration, 433. AnnApolis I{oyal defcrib- ed, 577. Surrender'd to the En87. Bcafts of I^eW'E>2g!afiJ, an Account of fomc of them, 573. Bellntnoiit (Earl of) Go- vernor of Kew-EngUnd , 561. But rcfides at AVw- Tork_, 562. BeliinghatnCbAT. ^ich.)\\\s Death and Charadler, 373. Bible tranflaced into the hidinn Tongue, 239. Bifl:of> (Bridget) hcrTry- al for Witchcraft, 5 06. Her Death and Character, 513. Bojloyi built, 134. Its Si- tuation ,585. Defcrib'd, 5S7. Number of Inhabi- tants in it, 588. And of Churches, ib. Bradford {Mr. fViUiain) chofen Governor of Pit- mouth Colony, 91. His Death and Charadler, 297. Brndjircet (Mr. Simon) fenc Agent to the Court of England, 332. His Death and Characftcr, 557. Brewjier (Mr. fniliam) puts himfclf at the Head of the firft Colony forAVip- Englnnd, 79. His Death and Charadlcr, 21 1. Brijlol (New) defcribcd, 5 94- Brdvonlfts, their Opini- ons, 61. Their Surtcrings, 63. Several of them re- move to Holland, 69. Broxvji (Robert) his Life and Charaifter, 58. Bulkjy (Mr. Peter) his Death and Charac5ler, 302. Burroughs INDEX. Burroughs(KcYercnd Mr. George)his Trial tor Wirch- craft, 501. His dying Be- haviour, 515. Burton ( Mr. ) his Sutfcr- ings, 150. C. Cnynlridge (N.E.) defcrib- cd, 582. The Univcrlity, 181, 184, 374, 583. Cnnada dcfcribed, 459. Sir J>yiiiia??i Phijfs's unfor- tunate Expedition againft it, 460. Another Expedi- tion, 603. Canoe Clndinyi) defcrib'd, 26. Cnno7iicus, Sachem of the Nnrrhngtitifets defies the Englijh, 93. Cnpe Breton yielded to the French J 577. Carrier (Martha) execut- ed for Witchcraft, 518. Carver ( Mr. John) firft Gowcvnor o^ Plimo7ith, 83. His Death and Charader, 90. Cafco furpriz'd by the Indians, 466. Caji/e Jfland with theFort defcrib'd, 5 85. Cattle (neat) firft brought into New-England, 106. Charles Tovpn defcribcd, 584. Charter for Plitnouth ob- r a i n'd by Mr. Pf'''inJlo\v, i o s . Charter of the MaJJachufet 111 Bay, 617. Charters of the fevcral Provinces taken from them, 415. The Maf~ Jachufet Agents follicit the Reltoration of theirs, 474. They obtain a new one 477. The old and new Charter compared, 478. Catechifm abilra(5t of a Popifh one for the Indians, i66. Chauncey (Rev.Mr.C/j/7r.) his Death and Character, 371. China. Some Parts of A- merica peopled from thence, 8. Realonsfor it, 9. Chrijlifon (^Venlockjcon^ demn'd forQuakerifm, but pardoned, 314. Chub (Capt.) Governor of Pemma^uidFort, 550. Sur- renders it to the French: 551. Church the Method of th« firft Planters forming one, 126. Of their AdmifTion of Members, 128. The Number of Churches in Bofton, 589. Their Church Covenant, 126. Church Difcipline. The Platform abridged (Appen- dix Numb. 2. ) wherein the prefcnt Clergy differ from it, 273, 274- Cod (Cape ) defcribed, 16. College ( Harvard )iisFonn' dation, 181. The Method of Education, and of ta- a 2 king nr INDEX. king Degrees, 185. The Duty of the PrLTidcnt and Fellows, 184. New Col- lege builr, 374. The prcfent State of the College, 583. Ccbvji {vid.)Plnnters. The Rife of the hv{!tPlimouthCo' lony,?^. IheirVoyage to N. Englnndy'^o. Theiirlt Colo- ny of the Majptchufet Bay, J 25. The fccond Colony, 152. Thcif Hardftiips, 133- Columbus his Voyage to Awcrica, 10. Cow/n?- England, 12 5. His Dcarh and Charader, 130. Eingham, the Commo- tions there, 213. Hoar (Dr. Leonard) Pre- fident of Harvard College refigns, 373- Hohayyicck , Jin Indian comes to live among the Englijlo, 92. Hubamocl^o , an Indian Deity, 33. Hooker (Rev. Mr, Tho.) his Death and Charadler, 270. Hopkjns ('£^ip.)his Death and Characfter, 300. Hunt (Capt.^ his Trea- chery to the Indians, 20. Hutcbinfon ( Mrs.? her (ingul^r Opinions , 166. Occafions a Faction in the Scacc, 167. Her Examina- tion and Behaviour before the Magiftrates, 176. She is banilh'd, 177. And re- tiring to Hebgate, is mur- der'd with her whole Fa- mily by the Indians, 178. I. Jacobs (George) Sen. exe- cuted for Witchcraft by the Evidtncc of his Grand- Daughter, 517. She re- cants, ib. James I. King^of E7ig. land his Behaviour to- wards the Puritans, 70. Japan. America peopled from thence, 8. Impropriations, the buy- ing them fupprt fs'd byA. B. Laud, and the Money ad- judged to the King. 1 19. Independants, their Prin- ciples, 73. Their Platform of Difcipline ('Appendix Numb. 1.) their manner of gathering INDEX. gathering Churches, ii6. Their Chnrch Covenant, 127. Their ancicnc man- ner of admitting Members into their Churches, 128. Their prefent Method, 27 5, 589. hidiii7is defcribcd, 24. Their Drrfs. 16,17,87^ 88. Their Dili-ua. ion and Way of living,2 5. Their Houfcs, Food, the Dif-^afcfs that are moft fatal to them ; their Method of curing the lick, 26, 27, 28. Their Fune- rals, 29. Their Mourn- ings, 30. Their divifion of Time, ib. Their Religion, 31. Their Marriages, 38. Their Civil Conftitution, 39. Their Language, 44. Their manner of fainting the En^h'Jhj 96. Commo- tions among them, 269. They make War with the Englijh,is6, 376, 423. The Weftern Indians liibdued, 399. The Eaftern India?? s fupported by the Froich, 546. They make Peace, 560. Four of their Kings come to Ejigland, 601. Their Speech to theQuccn, ib. Indian Converts. The Hiftory of their tonver- fion, 22 1. A Body of them being civilized, build a Town, 226. They make Laws for themfelves, ib. 229. Their Form of Go- VU vernmcnr, 235. A Confcfl fion of Faiih of one of ihcm, 237. They are ga- thered into a Chriftian Church, 239. An Abftrad of two of their vSermons, 240. Dr-.Incrcafe Mathcrf\ Letter to Vvoki\Q[- Leufde7i about them, 251. Their Hiftory continued to the prefent time, 255. Their Vices, 259. Their Fidelity to the Englifh in their War with Philip, 406. Inha Lit ants (Englijh) of N. England, their NumJDers and Mil nary Strength, 600. Their Trade, 606. Religion, 608. Cuftoms and Manners, 613. Their Political Interefts,6 1 5 . And Loyalty, 616. K. Kjchtan, an Indian Dei- ty, 92. ^ L. Lad ( Mr. Tho. ) profe- cured for being prefent at the Repetition of Sermons in his own Lodgings, 72. Lath-op (Capt. ) killed with his whole Party, 386. Laud (A. Bp.) Innova- tions in tlic Church in his time, 118. HisSeverity a- gainft the Puritans, 119, I so. a 4 Laws viii / AT D Lavps of the Indians when civilized, 218,229. Againft the Anabapcifts, 284. Laws againft the Qiiakcrs, 292, 306. Laws of the Coun- try abridg'd , ( Appendix Num. 4.J Lccidrn (M^i/l.) executed for Quakcnim, 3 ^3- Lee fRcv.Mr. S/^m.) flics to N. E7Jglnud, and dies in his Return, 4x9. Leighton'. Alexander D D.) his Suflerings, 1 19. l.^nthnl ('Mr. jrccants his Oppoiuion to the N. Eiig- //jw^Difciplinc, 179. Lever€tt^Jchji)h\s Death and Charadtcr, 409. Liberty of ConfcieJice^ the prefenc Magiftrates and Mmifters of N. LyigUnd for ir, 6 re. Library at Cambridge (N. E.) an Account of ir, 1 83, 5S3. Long' J [land deferibed , with Its firft Inhabitants, 189. Loyalty of the N.Evglifi, 6\6. LyfordWis Sed irious Prac- tices againft the firft Plan- ters, 106. He is banifn'd, 107. M. Main ('Province ofj firft peopled, 153. Maquas. K. Phi I if at- E X. tempts to engage them a- gainft the Englijh, 394. The\ ruin hi*; Aftair-, 393. Some (.\ their Princ.s come into England^ o-Ji. Marthas {alias "Martins) Vineyard planted , 199. The Natives converted by Mr. MayhcWj 244. Martin ( Sufanna ) her Trial for Witchcraft, 509. MaJJachufet Bay. deriva- tion of the Name, 580. Capr. Standi/}: rracVs with the Indians in the Bay, 94. Several unfuccefsful At- tempts to makeScttlemenrs, 95, 103, f 1 1. The rife of the prefenu Settlement, 122. AbftraCV of their Charter, ib. Voyage of the firft Co- lony ; their Strength and Numbers, 125. The Pro- vince deferibed, 579. Majfafoiet ( an Indian Prince) deferibed, 88. En- tertain'd by the Governor of Plimouth, 89. Makes an Alliance with them, ;/'. Entertains Mr. I'VinJloxv and Hopkins at his Court, 91. Falls Tick and recovers by Mr.^f7^7/7(7ii?'sMedicincs 98. His Grantude, 99. Maimer (Kcv.Uv. Rich.) fettles at Dorchcfter, 146. His Death and CharacfVer, 368. Mather (Incrcafe D D. ( his Letter to Dr. Leufdev^ concerning the Converlion of INDEX. \x the Indians, 251. Chofe Kc^ov o{ Harvard College, 413. And created Dr. of Divinity, 487. Mather {Cotton) D. D. publilhcs the Trials of the Witches by Command of the Governor, 501. His Account of the Circum- ftanccs of the afflifted Per- fonsy \<)^, Remarks on his Trials, 512. Acknowledges things were carried too far, 538. He declares againft all forts of Perfecution for Confcienpe fake^ 3^0,611. His Account of ihe Sutfcr- ings of :hc Quakers, 364. Mayhev^ (Mr. Tho,) Sen. obtains a Grant of Mrf^/;^r's Vineyard, 199. Aflifts his Son in converting the Na- tives, 249. Mayhevo (Rev. Mr. Tho, ) Jun. his Succefs in convert- ing the Indians, 244. His Method ofInftrudion,247. His Death and Characi^er. 248. Mayhevp (Experiences his Travels among the Indians, 256. Merrimackpjwcv delcrib- ed, 582. Meteor mN.Bngland,^'jo, Minijlers. A Lift of (uch who being filenced by A. Bp. Laud, fettled in Nfw- England before the Year 1640,195. A Liftofthofe who came over after the Uniformity AA in 1662,338 DiffentingMinifters ofLon- don's Letter in favour of the Annbaptifts, 354. Another in favour of the Quakers, 362. Their Method of Or- dination in N.E7iglandy 611. Mijlick Port taken by the Engli/hy 160. Mitark^y Prince of the Gayhead, his Death and Character, 413. Mitchel (Rev. Mr. Jona- than) his Death and Gha- rader, 352. Money. New Englijh its value, 608. JW;4w Money, 42. Morton {lAv.) his Villa- ny, 112. Inftrud:s the J«- dians in the ufe of Fire- Arms, ib. Taken Prifoner by Capt, Standi fhy and fent to England. 113. Mofe, an Indian Beaft defcribed; 573. N. Narrhagayifets ythclr man- ner of declaring War, 93. They joyn the Engli/h a- gainft the PeguotSy 160. They break with the Eng^ lijhy 388. Their chief Fore taken by Storm, 389. Natick,, an Indian Town defcrib'd, 234. Nations, names of fevc- ral European Nations in A- merica, 6. Names of the Indian INDEX. Indian Nations before the En^li/h _took PoflcfTion of it, 22. NeW'Englatid its Name, i(). Indian Natives, 22. Si- ruation, 563. CIimarc,564. Soil, 565. Lakes and Ri- vers, 566. Produd, 567. Defcri prion of the moft confiderable Towns, 577. Its prefcnt Inhabicancs,6o6. Nevp Hampfoire dcfcrib- ed, 578. Newhaven Settlement , 152. Unites with Connecii. cttf, 341. The County de- fcnbed, 598. Newman(Kev. Mr, Sam.) his Death and Charadier, 341. NewScotUnd CvidJ Aca~ dia Newyorl^ taken from the Dutch J 342. North, Northern Nati- ons pafs into America^ 4. And when 8. Norton (Rev. Mr. John) his Death and Charader, 34^- Nurjc {Rebecca) executed for Witchcraft, 513. Oakes (Vrian) his Death and Characffcer, 412. Oldham his Seditious Pracftices, 106. Runs the Gauntlet, and is banifli'd, 107. His Death, 149. OxQen (John) D. D. fliips his Etfeds for N. England, but is the llopt by the Court, 338. P. Patridge{Kc\. Mr.^alph) his Death and Charader, 301. Peac(^ Articles between the Englijh and Indians, 491, 560. Peirce(^^iiIiam]hisTrc:i- chery againft the Colony, 105. Peirce (Capt. ) cut to Pieces by the Indians, w^'nh his whole Part), 392. Pemmoquiii Fort delcrib- ed, 488. Taken by the French and demolifli'd, 551. Penr;f(Kev.Mr. Jchn) his Sufferings and Dearh, 65. Pequots difturb the Con- neBicut Planters, i49.Their Situation, 156. Their War with the Englijlo,!'^']. They are difpers'd, and their Territory annex'd to the Englif^ Settlement, 163. Phxnicians, whether they fail'd into America, 2. Philip Prince odhcI^J^om- panoags renews his Alliance with the Efigli/h, 334, 370. The Rife of the War be- tween him and thcEngUJJp, 37^. He begins Acts of Hoftility, 379. He is be- licg'd, but efcapcs by a Strata- I r^ D E X. xi Stratagem, 3^1. His Fol- lowers delerc him, 394. His Death and Charadter, 399. Phip fSlr PVilliarn) finds a rich Sj>nniflj Wreck, 420. Petitions K. James II. for reftoring his Country's Charter, 428. His unfor- tunate Expedition to C/t- iinda^ 460. He is made Governor of N. EngUnd, 480. His Death and Cha- racter, 544- Plnntntions (N. England) their Equity, i 54- Planters. From whence the firft Planters cam.c, 76. Their Voyage to N. E7ig- land, 80. They enter into vSociety, 81. And look out for a Place of Settlement,83. They skirmifli with the Indians y 8 5 . And fix at Pn- luxet Bay,86. Their Hard- fliips, 87. They pallifado their Town, 93. A Fa- mine among them,95, 103. Their Numbers before the Year 1640, 193. Plimouth fNew>built,8<5. In danger of being burnt, 107. A Defcription of the Town, as it was in the Year 1624, 108. t)ivifion of Land to each Inhabitant, 113. The County defcrib- ed, 59^- Pocajfet. Queen drown- ed, 398. PowamyOrilndianVnc^s) their Charadter and Arc, 35. Incantations over the Sick, 99. Averfion to the Chriftian Religion, 133» 247. Prince ('Mr. Tho. ) his Death and Characftcr, 375. Pr if oners. The Indians Cruelty to their Englijh Prifoncrs, 453. Procler (John) executed for Witchcraft, 516. His Letter to the Minifters of Bofion, 534. Protejlants foreign, their Dilpofition with Relation to the Civil Wars of Eng- land, 218. Providence and fVarwicli Plantations. The Man- ners of thelnhabitants,595. Prynne (tAv.) his Suffer- ings, 150. Pfalms. New Englijh Verfion, by whom com» pofed, 187. Puritans ; their Origi- nal, 47. Their Sufferings, 50. Many of their Mini- fters deprived, 54,71. In- terceflions for themwith* out Effed, 55. Their Ex- pectations from K. James\» fruftrated, 69. Their Suf- ferings under A. Bp. Laud, 119,150. Are prohibited going out of the Kingdom, 151. Py rates executed at Bc^ fion, 374. a Quaboag , the Engli/Jj routed routed there, 384. Quakers. Their Ri(e,29r. Penal Laws againft them, 292, 296,304,^06. Their Sufferings and Behaviour under them, 3^2- Put to Death, 308. The Govcrn- ment's Apologv for them- felves, 310, :<2.8. A ftop put to their Sufferings,3i5. Keafons of the Govern- ment's Severity rovi'ards them, 322. The Quakers complain to K. Charles II. 358. And to the Diffent- ing Minifters at Londo7i, who write to N. England in their Favour, 36. The prefent State of their Cafe, 36s. Quebec defcribcd, 459. Sir iVilliAm Phips\ Expe- dition againft it, 4<^o. J^oW/j defcribed, 594. ^ligion of the firft Plan- ters, 114. The State of Religion in England under the Adminiftration of A. Bp. Laud, 117, iS*^. The Religion of the prcfeiu In- habitants, 608. {{evolution of the Go- vernment of N. England^ 429. I{hode I/land defcribed, 178, 595. Planted by An- tinomianSy ib. i{pbinfon (Rev. }^ir.JoJm) / N D E A\ fettles at Ley den, 72. Hii Congregation refolve to re- move to fome Part of America 76, 77. They lend Agents into England to prepare for their Voyage, ib. Mr. ^obinfon's Farewel Difcourfc to the Planters, 78. His Death and Cha- radlcr, 1 10. H^biiifon {H^illiam) exe- cuted for Qiiakerifm, 308. Rogers (B^b.) torcur'd ro Death by the Jwi/tf?;, 434. Sachems {Indian ) their Power, 39. Their Aver- fion to the Chrijiian Religi^ on, 231. Salem delcribed, 581. Samofet (an Indian) weir comes the Englijh to Ame- rica, 87. His Drefs and Entertainment, ib. Snvagej their Drefs, 16. vid. Indians. Savoy Cojifejfion of Faith appro v'd by a N. Engli/h Synod, 410. Saufaman ( John ) his Death, and the Execution of his Murderers, 377. Say and Brooke fLord.^ his Title to the Lands about ConneSlicut River, 148. Scythians defcribed, 5. They pafs into America, 4. Separation from the Church of England it Rife, 5 1 • SbeppArd I U D E ± Sf7'epparii(Ktv,Mr. Tho.) his Death and Charader, 277. Skelton cRev. MrJ ar- rives at N eve ' Engl a7idy 125. His Death, 140. Sfnall-Pox fatal to the Indims, 139. Smith cCapt.) his Voy- age to N. England, 19. Snnhs Rattle defcribed, 574. Society for propagating the Gofpel in N. England, their Conftitution, i6i, 263. A Lift of the Origi- nal and prefent Members, 161, 264. Their Eftate and Method of difpofingof their Revenues, 263. Of the Society for propagating the Gofpel according to the Manner of the Church of England, 609. Squanto(tin Indian) joyns the Englipo, 89. His Sham Plot, 94. His Death and Charader, 97. Standijh CCapt.) reduces Cbuhatant with 14 Men, and the neighbouring Sa- chems, 92, His Death and Characflcr, 290. Stevcnfon ( Marmaduke ) executed for Qiiakerifm, 308. Stone (Capt.) murder'd by ihc Indians y 139. Stoughton (Deputy Go- vernor^ profecutes the War againft the Indians, 545. Xlll Students, their feveral Clafles and Degrees, 185. Synods, their Nature, ac- cording to the Indepen- dants, 170. The firft Syn- od of N. England, 171. The lecond, 272. Tartars pafs into Anmi- ca, 6. Thacker (Mr.) preferv'd from Shipwreck, 145. His Death, 367. Trade of N. England,6o6. Truce concluded be- tween the Englijh and I«-