FROM THE LIBRARY OF REV. LOUIS FITZGERALD BENSON, D. D. BEQUEATHED BY HIM TO THE LIBRARY OF PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 5C& DWWan Section Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/rejoreoOObarc •Rejoice 'Evermore STALL! ,LL- An Original Publication;; CONSISTING OF Spiritual Songs, ' collected from the Holy Scriptures; and feveral, of the Psalms, toge- ther witfc the Whole Song of Solomon, pa- raphrafed. To which alfo aife prefixed, Three Discourses relative to thofe Subjects; W I T II' A Letter concerning the AfTurance of FaaffiS By JOHN BARCLA. Y, Preache j^pf the Gospel. * in When the Foundations of the Earth were laid, the M Stars fang together, and' all the Sens of God f'~ Joy. Job xxxviii. 7 Be not drunk with JVine, wherein is Excefs ; hut h< ■ the Spirit : Speaking to your/ elves in Pfalms, a and fpiritual Songs, finging and making Melody Heart to thg Lord, giving thanks always Jot all Thinp God, and tffe Father, in the Nahze of our* Lord Jefus Chrift Eph. v. io- — 21. GLASGOW Printed by W. B£Lt? for theSjjiUTHOR. OF THE SPIRITUAL SONGS. LAMENTABLE and alarming, but, alas! in.agreat meafurc, unlamented, unperceived, unfufpected, is the guilt of almoft all perfons of all ranks in the nation, either by actually practifing themfelves, earneftly encouraging and pa- tronizing, or, at leaft, filently countenancing in others about them, the ufe of profane fongs : and fuch are all fongs what- foever, but thofe only which are fpiritual ; for what middle point is there between fpiritual and profane ? That I may not be mifunderftood, by profane fongs, I mean, the- whole rnafs of thofe defcribing, recommending, and fetting pfr, in an advantageous and alluring point of vi : that which Is commonly called love, war, wantonnefs, drunk% ennefs, revellings, merry fcenes, drolleries, jeftings, and like things which are not convenient, or agreeable to the grace of thegofpel; in a word, all fuch fongs and fonnets, under whatever name they fpread their pollutions abroad in the world, as cannot be compofed and *u fed to the glory of God, in the name of the Lord Jefus Chrtft, by thofe wife virgins who are waiting for his appearing, being filled with thank- fulnefs and praife for his grace, whereby it is gives them al- ways to triumph and glory in his name. All other fongs befides thofe alone, which may be thus com- pofed and fung in the power and love of the Holy Ghoft up- on the fpirit, what, tn the pame of God I befeech you, are they, but evident works of the flefh, whofe wages is death ? flagrant rebellions againft the Moft High ! to be ranked among the very grofTeft of abominations ! with this exceffive aggra- vation in the nature and fpirit of them, that they cannot be ufed without being exulted and gloried in. Thus, many of you who are enemies of the crofs of Chrifr, and whofe end, if God be true, whom you hold a Har, is de- struction, whofe god is your belly, who mind earthly things, do glory in your lhame, proclaiming your fin as Sodom. It is not meant by any thing here faid, but that any of all the works of God, either, in creation, or providence, may be a 2 iv Of the Spiritual Songs. declared in a long or hymn ; if it be in fuch a wife and devout manner, as may fill the heart with reverential awe and love to his holy name. In this manner, all thofe efleotial paffions or affections of the human heart ; and all the revorctionfc of ftates and kingdoms, both in war and peace ; with alHthe fcenes of domeftie life, may, after the example of the holy men of old, be celebrated or recorded inafong: which, in this manner, would be only a plcafant and uieful remembrancer of the ways of God to men. Aud likewife, on the other hand, any of thofe works of darknefs which will bear to be named among faints (for the very naming of fome of them defiles, and is exprefsly forbid- den) may alfo be defcribed, no doubt, in a fong, as well as in ^platn profe ; provided it be done, as it ought in any cafe, after a fanctified fafhion, with fuch a juft abhorrence and de- tection of the crimes mentioned, as may fill the heart with ♦horror at the commiflion of them, and infpire it with grati- tude to Him, who in mercy gives us to efcape fuch gulphs of perdition : though here, as in all other things, only that wif- dom and prudence which are from above can direct and pre- j ferve us fo that we fin not againft God. Under this limitation, that we fin not againft, but glorify God in our fongs, compofing and Tinging them in the commu- nion of the Holy Ghoft ; they ought not to be called, more than intended, merely as moral and entertaining (fo they fpeak); but as fpiritual and holy : the greater part whereof, without all controverfy, ought to be employed in fhewing forth the praifes and ways of the Eternal Three who bear record in heaven who are One, in that grand amazing work of bringing many fons and daughters to glory, according to the manner laid down in the New Teftament, difplaying, as in a clear glafs, that they who behold may admire and adore — that infinite, eternal, incomprehenfible, electing, redeeming, calling, juftifying, fanctifying, glorifying Love, till they are changed into, the fame image, from glory to glory, as by the Spirit of the Lord. The warrant for making fuch fpiritual fongs, the manner of ufing them, and the temper of fpirit therein required, be- ing founded in the exprefs commandment and power of the Holy Of the Spiritual Songs, Holy Ghoft; the world has no right to demand any further account of the matter. That the Holy Ghoft never fails to accompany and imprefe, in his own time and manner, his commandments with his power upon the fpirits of the faints, whereby they are ena- bled willingly to yield that truth of obedience required, ac- cording to the proportion of his grace within them, will ap- pear from fuch paiTages as thefe, where we fee the command- ment, " Rejoice in the Lord. Rejoice evermore. And a- gain, I fay, Rejoice." And thefe, where we fee the power, " They were filled with the Holy Ghoft — with peace and joy in believing — with joy unfpeakable' and full of glory. The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace." So that accord- ing to his word, fo is his power in all the children of adop- tion; in whom he dwells " A well of living water fpringing up to everlafting life. " Is any merry ?" that- is, sdifpofcd to gladnefs in the Holy Ghoft ? the very thing, in the very feafon, manner, and fpirit commanded: Thus the Lord obeyed to the death for his church. Thus they are cailed to follow him in love with their whole heart : It is the heart he requires : it is equal what the fervice be, whether plowing, or prailing, (both are duties, and they do not interfere, more than breathing in- terferes with living) if you do whatfoever you do in faith, you are holding fellowihip therein with him in his love, through the Holy Spirit. As on the other hand, without faith it is impoflible to pkale God. Thus the carnal mind is enmity agzinfrGoi; Ibis every thought, word, ami deed : thus the plowing and praying ot the wicked are both equally fin; as the fountain, fo the ftreams, as the tree, lb the fruits : as the mind is not fubiect. to the law of God, neither indeed can be, \o neither can any thing proceeding from fuch a mind s water can arife no higher than its own fource. if any perfon ftill fay, we are not obliged equally and univerfally at all times to be holy and devout ; then weaken- ing the obligation of the law, you weaken alfo the righteouf- nefs of Chrift, and take away the ufe thereof, at leaft in part, and if in part, then in whole ; for it cannot be halved : you reflrain the working of the Spirit of God in thofe peculiar energies and operations of his upon the fpirits of the faints, namely, faith, repentance, prayer, praife, joy before God through the atonement, meeknefs, humility, and every other connected grace : for if I be lefs bound to be holy at one time than another, then, though I fail, I am lefs bound to believe, repent, pray, &c. as being lefs guilty. Lajlly, If people will never have done pleading againft Scripture their own dreams and imaginations, for fome ex- traordinary kind of holinefs and devotion required in particu- lar occasions, 2nd things, as the Lord's fupper; let them confider, that under a pretence of exalting one or two of the s of God, in the pride of their zeal for fuperftition and will-worihip, they caft down all the reft of his precepts and appoint- Of the Spiritual Scr.gf, appointments, to the level of what they •: nary and lefs folemn. What a flood-gate opened to a fa] licentioufnefs have we here ! for, if a man be bet moO ex- traordinarily holy, devout rod , on a communion Sabbath, or were it vfiea once a a ordinary portion., even a very moderate pittance of ballads, devotion, foicrr.r.ity. may ferve I een hands ! I fay pretence to hoiine:;. i;:. fphere of reaiity and truth altogether. Has this their doctrine had no efleft \ let the practice of the multitude about their (acnuneatai oceafions, compared with their practice upon all other oeeafions, tell, h it pof- fible they can be Chrifciar.s who h: cipies which hold fuch conclufic : . / -. pents in their bofoms I aril] they I Moles, and lecture us from thence c holy ground at the burn- ing bnfh I about the holinefs of the tabernacle, ?:ieirs gar- ments, meats, days, the temple, and and ceremonies \ that would be to ae in the flefli; and that he batfa -:i the fki ^g m the true light ; that would be to take part aril i I : . .- (c - crucified him j that would be i hath given us the fub fiance and rmth of all thofe figc which have no glory now, by rtafoo of that glory ' bkh ex- celleth ; the holinefs of thole things having been only rdati the reality and truth whereof was Chriit and his thi: Oh friends! do not any m a of the law of God, now fulfilled in the blood of his Son. : y an im- plicit denial of its perfection, by your tv itinttions in holinefs, folemnity, and devotion, where God ha? made no :;ence: or, if you will ftill plead your own way, inG: name we adjure you. fnew God's authar!:;-. and the pi where he hath laid in all d Teftament, that •. : be lefs folemn, holy, and devout upon one occa: . I nother, or any thing to the lame purr _. are not required to be . fo- lemn, devout in all times. r, with- out exception, or dHti ly, with whom is no rariabkaeJs or Chad aiming. As you infill mofl upon the L c > xx Of the Spiritual Songs. ftance ferve for all ; try how you will difen tangle yourfelf from the natural perplexities that involve you and your opini- ons there: will you allow yourfelf calmly to confider, what anfwer you ought to give when you areafked, Wherein does this fame extraordinary holinefs in the Lord's fupper which you plead for, above all other holinefs of ChrifVs inltitutions, coniift ? Is it in the words of the inftitution ? They are fimple and plain, as any of all the precepts of the Lord ; " Do this " in remembrance of me." And is it for you to eke them out, and add to his words ? Is it in the immediate prefence of the ligns, bread and wine ? But what do the figns, bread and wine, profit ? Are they really tranfubftantiated, and become God ? that you will not fay. What profits then ? is it not the Spirit and the life ? even the repreiented Lord, the altar which fanc"tifies the gift ? who was dead, and is alive ? Is not he always immediately prefent ? and what can the prefence of a creature add to the folemnity of the Lord's prefence, whofe prefence dwells within thee, wherefoever thou art, O believ- er, for ever and ever .? " Know ye not, that Chrift is in you except you be reprobates?" if any man have not the Spirit of Chrift, he is none of his. — Are not ye the temples of the liv- ing God ? living itones ? built by the Spirit upon the living foundation ? branches in the true vine ? Sheep that hear the good Shepherd ? Kings and priefts to God ? his fervants, re- deemed by his blood I his children, begotten by his Spirit ? efpoufed to him ? one body with him ? one Spirit with him? joined to the Lord, every one of you members of his body, who is the head of you and of all principality and power ? Behold, he cometh with clouds to take you to his"joy ! when is the time then ? where the work ? what the converfation, wherein you ought not to be looking out with earneff. ex- pectation for his appearing ? fober and watchful, with your loins girt, and your lamps burning ? remember, he hath faid, Be ye holy in all manner of converfation ; for I am Holy faith the Lord. And again, Glorify God in your bodies and fpirits which are God's. And whether ye eat, or drink, or whatfo- ever you do, do all to the glory of God ; heartily as to the Lord: not flothful in bufinefs, but fervent in fpirit, ferving the Lord, according to. the feafon : for ye ferve the Lord Chriil, Therefore adorn the doctrine of God your Saviour in Of the Spiritual Songs. xxi in all things, /hewing all good fidelity. And let all yourcon- verfation be with grace, feafoned with fait, good for the uie. of edifying, that it may minifter grace to the hearers. You fee this grace, this feafoning, this fait, are to be equally and univerfally fpread over the whole Chriftian life. Now to conclude, as we began againft profane, and for Spiritual Songs ; Where is the edification ? where the feafon- ing with fait ? where the grace miniftered in a profane fong ? a profane work? or any thing that is not a facrifice of thankf- giving, a hymn of praife to God, miniftered through the Spi- rit, in the name of Chrift the Lord ? O men ! how have ye made of none effect the commandments of God by your tra- ditions ? this is for a lamentation ! and fhall be for a lamenta- tion ! But let the children of joy be joyful in their God. Gather yourfelves at the found of his trumpet ! prefs around his ftand- ard ! behold it waving upon the walls ! throw yourfelves in the breach ! ftem the torrent! ftop up the ways of wicked - nefs i condemn the works of darknefs by your chafte behavi- our in the light ! ftand faft ! play the hero ! glory in the crofs ! bold, undaunted, avowed, live ye ; die ye by the crofs ! and live for ever, O kings and priefts to God ; live with your Lord, and reign on thrones appointed you of your Fa- ther, wearing crowns of glory and immortal joy ! fing praife ! fing praife! fing praife ! Amen. Of the PSALM S, Confidered as fpoken by the Prophet, not of himfelf, but of, or in the Perfon of Messiah the Lord. IS it not furprizing at this day, when all honeft freedom of inquiry is beginning to be fo much indulged, that thofe vaft mountains of rubbifh, which whole legions of commenta- tors have been heaping for ages upon the Pfalms, are frill fuf- fered to lie aimoft unmolefted, untouched ? for what though fome one, happily, may have difcovered, a/fayed, and laid open xxii Of the Pfalms. open the golden vein of truth which runs through that pre* cious portion of the book of God ; where have they been found who have purfued the tract, and wrought the mine ? or, if fome have actually begun to put their hands to the work, in what a my referved partial hidden manner have they, proceeded ? that we may ftill fay, where are they ? who are they ? as if they had been itealing away, rather than boldly avouching the caufe of truth. How much the caufe of truth, to the h-urting of many fouls, hath iufFered by wrefting that particular book of di* vine infpiration, may appear from a comparifon of the com- mon itream of commentators with the words of the Holy Gholt ; who hath certified us, that no prophecy of the Scrip- ture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time, or at any time, as the margin reads, by the will of man : but holy men of God fpake as they were moved by the Holy Ghoff. Now where has the Holy Ghoft, in the whole public interpretation of the Old Teftament writings by the Apoltles, given any one hint for applying any one of the Pfalms, or any one part of a Pfalm, to David ? or any one of the penmen, concerning whom we hear fo much, who- foever they were ? Is not a dead filence obferved on this head throughout the whole New Teftament ? A fhrewd hint, that, whoever was employed, the Holy Ghoft had no hand in any fuch applications. For he hath faid to the churches, con- cerning the falvation which the Apoltles preached, that the Prophets enquired and fearched diligently, who prophefied of the grace that mould come unto you : fearching what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Chrift which was in them did fignifie, when it teftifled before-hand the fufFerings of Chrift, and the glory that mould follow. Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themfelves, but unto us they did minifler the things which are now reported unto you, by them that have preached the gofpel unto you, with the Holy Ghoft. fent down from heaven ; which things the an- gels defire to look into. Agreeably to ail this, David had faid, by the fame Spirit in his laft words, the Spirit of the • Lord fpake by me, and his word was in my tongue. And the Lord faid to the Jews, Search the Scriptures, for in them ye think ye have eternal life ; and thefe are they which tefUfy 0 Of the Pfalms. XXUl teftify of me. It was the Scriptures of the Old Teftament to which they were referred ; and this teacheth us, that Chrift: is the great and principal fubjecl of them-, and that our moft painful fludy and learned refearches are to no profit as to ^eternal life, and confequently, to nothing at all, if we can- not difcern God testifying of his own Son, our Lord Jefus Chrift, in them. As in that place, he refers to the Scriptures in general, fo, when going to accomplish, his obedience in his death at Jerufalem, he tells his difciples exprefsly of the mat- ter, pointing to the Pfalms in particular, faying, The things which are written in the Prophets and in the Pfalms concern- ing me have an end. And accordingly, in the New Tefta- ment we find many of the Pfalms exprefsly applied to him ; which fhews, as Chrift is the great fubjecl: of the Scriptures in general, fo in particular, and efpecially of the Pfalms : and therefore we fhould fearch for Chrift in them, even in them all. For, if no part of the Pfalms is to be explained of Chrift, but what is in as many words applied to him in the New Teftament, as fome would make us think, fo nei- ther is any fuch part of the Law and the Prophets to be un- derftood of Him ; and fo a great part of the Old Teftament, fpeaking of Chrift, muft go for nothing as to any faving pur- pofe ; nay, muft be confidered as a blot upon the face of Je- fus ; for the Spirit teacheth us by truth, and not by falfe- hood : for, if I am reading any pafTage fpeaking of Chrift, and apply it otherways, I cannot be profited, it is impoflible, whatever pious views I may have, feeing I rob God of his glo- ry, and give it to another, deceiving myfelf, and being deceiv- ed : now deceit can never be of God, nor for the glory of God. But, as we have feen the New Teftament explains the Old, by letting us into the fpiritual intent, truth, or mean- ing thereof; with this key we are warranted to open up and explain thofe pafTages which are not directly mentioned in the New : Neither need we be afraid of any dangerous mif- take, as long as we are guided by that light which fhineth in the face of Jefus. If then we would exprefs praife with knowledge, and ling the Pfalms with underftanding and grace (and there can be- no grace without truth) in our hearts, we muft go to the A- poftles, who alone had the Holy Ghoft given them to fearch into xxiv Of the Pfalms. 0 into the mind of Chrift, and declare to the Churches thofe things which God had kept fecret from the foundation of the world, even the hidden things of God, wrapped up in the myflery of all the prophecies, promifes, figns and figures that had gone before, (hewing, like the outer leaves of an unblown flower, that fome better things were to come, whofe form and beauty mould appear difplayed to open view, in the fulnefs of their glory, when the proper feafon appointed of God fhould arrive. If this matter had been well attended to, we had not feen reverend fathers, and admired doctors gravely explaining, that is, perverting and destroying the New Teftament by the Old, cafting the vail of Mofes again upon the face of Jefus, and hiding the glory by that which in itfelf had no glory, fpread- ing night and tenfold darknefs between us and the fun of righ- teoulhefs, giving us ffones for bread, ferpents for fifties, the letter, inftead of the Spirit, the miniftration of death, inftead of life, the reveries of their own carnalized imaginations, in- ftead of the eternal truths and confolations of the Holy Spi- rit. Let the reader who is acquainted with fuch teachers and their adherents judge how far they are guilty. How dange- rous are their glofies upon the Pfalms! Prudential confederations, perhaps, mould lead one cauti- oufly to enquire, if it would not be conftrued calumny to in- sinuate, that you will hardly meet with a place of public teach- ing in the kingdom wholly free from the grofs abufe here complained of. Therefore to cut off occasions from thofe who might be difpofed to take them, inftead of making irri- tating afTertions, however juftifiable in proof, let the perfon of like precious faith with the Apoftles confider, how he ought to be moved with the highefl indignation and pity, when he hears a fet of men, with their admirers, fubftituting what they call their moral virtue, fincere obedience, good dif- pofitions of heart, and fuch like names, I fay names, for in their fenfe and connexion they can be nothing elfe but names, falfehoods, and not truth, inftead of Jcfus Chrift and him crucified, for the j unification and acceptance of finners with God. They leave you at no lofs for their meaning; for, to pafVby other devices of theirs to eftablifh an imperfect in- ftead of a perfect obedience, (0 mafter-plot of hell, to efta- blifh Of the Pfalms. xxv bTifti the torments of hell, inftead of the glory of heaven!) they will read out all the paffages in the Pfalms, where the righteoufnefs, integrity, and uprighrnefs of Jefus Chrift are mentioned and rewarded ; thefe they explain for proof and illuftration of their fenfe, namely, that our own virtuous in- clinations and actions are the exprefs conditions of our ob- taining the mercy of God and acceptance with him. So, ma- ny of them are not afhamed, nor afraid, after all that the witnefles for the Lord Jefus have advanced, broadly to fpeak out. They have different ways of phrafing and difguifing the matter; fometimes they will tell you, that Jefus Chrift by his death laid a foundation for the acceptance of your repentance and faith, and that he works thefe graces in you, and upon account of them you are accepted of God ; at other times, to the fame purpofe, they will tell you, that Jefus Chrift pur- chafed by his death the blotting out of all paft fcores, and that he gives you the Spirit to work in you the moral virtues, and all good works, which if you bring forth, you are jufti- fied and accepted in the fight of God on account of them; whereas, they might as well- have taught you of your being accepted and juftified in the fight of God, upon the account of an energy from hell upon your fpirit, the one being as true as the other ; feeing there is no acceptance, no juftification of any perfon with God but through the blood of the Lamb only, excluding, in this refpect, all our good works, as much as our bad works. No matter, they go on in their way, hardy, zealous, un- daunted ; no wonder the blind be foremoff ; for Satan hath blinded their eyes, and they fee not their danger : Kow elfe could you fee them fet whole congregations of poor deceived people a-flnging the 24th and 15th Pfalms, according to that blafphemous view they have given of that righteoufnefs whereby a man can afcend into the hill of God ? as if it could be any other but the righteoufnefs of God, even the riphte- oufnefsof his Servant whom he uphokL-th, his elect in whom his foul delighteth, for whofe righteoufnefs fake Jehovah is weli-pleafed, becaufe he hath magnified the law and made it honourable, and become the end thereof for righteoufnefs to every one that believed), having pureed away the fins of his d people xxvi Of the Pfahns, people by himfelf, and then entered into the higheft heavens with his own blood, their accepted Head and Forerunner, having obtained eternal redemption for them, who enter along with him in his right, in their appointed time, not by works of righteoufnefs which they themfelves have done, but by that finished accepted everlailing work of righteoufnefs which He, their Lord, their reprefentative hath done for them ; whom he aifo fanctifies throughout, in body, foul, and fpirit, to the glory of his Father, and fo makes meet for the inheri- tance purchafed and pre-pared by himfelf for his faints in light. Neverthelefs, as if it were a hainous guilt to leave any faying of the Lord unwrefted to the deftruction of as many as fhall fully imbibe the fpirit of their doctrine, they perfevere in their purpofe, ■ and make the 18th Pfalm alfo chime into the fame tune, where it is faid, The Lord recompenfed me according to my righteoufnefs, &c. pvr* 19 — 27. which they apply to the good people of their own flock, as being fimilar in their experience to David — Not a word here of the good Shepherd who laid down his life for his (heep! In like manner, Pfalm 26th never fails to be fung in the fame flrain, efpecially on a communion occaficn, when you behove by all means to be put in mind of fome earthly altar ; " 1 will wa(h mine hands in innocency." Whofe innocency ? your own indeed ! for, does not the royal pfalmift David fay ? I will wafh mine hands in innocency, (o will I encompafs thine altar O Lord. — He had need to be very pure, who would adventure upon fuch a boaft ! Pfalm cxviii. 19. " Open tome the gates of righteoufnefs, This is the door, &c," feldom efcapes being prelfed into the fame fervice. If they happen upon fuch times to drop a word about the righteoufnefs of Chrift, you may expect to hear it upheld only as a pattern to your righteoufnefs; that, as he enter- ed into heaven by his own perfect obedience, even fo might you, by the higheft perfection of obedience which you can attain to, to wit, your fincere, though imperfect obedience or en- deavours after it ; which is, they fay, your goipel- perfection, and which the new covenant, with many other things which the Holy Ghoft gives as little allowance for, admits of actor- ding to them ; I fay, according to them, if fo be you will allow the fcope of a whole fcrmon to explain itfelf. The texts commonly made to Hand on the front of fuch deftroying Of the Pfalms. xxvii ^eftroying jdoctrines are fuch as thefe, all the words of the Lord Jefus fpeaking of himfelf, " I delight to do thy will, O my God— O how love I thy law V — Or, bearing witnefs to the righteoufnefs of the law which he earns to fulfil ; " As I live, faith the Lord, I have no pleafure in the death of him that dieth, &c. — The man that doeth thefe things (hall live by them. — Verily, verily, I. fay unto you, except your righte- oufnefs mail exceed the righteoufnefs of Scribes and Pharifes, &c." or fome fuch paffage of a like fpirit, where a righte- oufnefs is recommended, by which a man may have entrance given him-into the kingdom of heaven. As they make this righteoufnefs in their texts fomething elfe, and not the very righteoufnefs of the Lord Jefus Chrift, it is evident, that all their after-talk of fincerity, virtue, repentance, faith, (for faith is a name they muft deal in too, though they take away the fenfe of it, and give you one more fui table to their own ideas) goodnefs of difpoiition, and the like, can be nothing elfe but a round-about-way of bringing in au abfo- lute juggle, (not defigned, it may be, by them, but at lead, by the father of lies, who makes whom he may his hard-ware- men to vend fuch abominations) a mere muffling, cutting, dealing, and playing, of a pack of unintelligible words ! The effect of thofe their doctrines of vanity, where they take place, may be compared to the admiffion of a great mul- titude of fwineinto a garden full of precious roots and flow- ers. So have they ufed their endeavours to root up every precious thing in the book of Pfalms, and indeed in the whole word of God ; as if they had received a commiiTion to deal by the Scriptures as the lfraelites did with regard to the land of Moab, " To fmite every fenced city, and every choice city, and to fell every good tree, and to flop all wells of water, apd to mar every piece of good land with ftones." Thus they utterly fpoiled the Moabites. And thus the end of thofe who are po/feffed with fuch a falfe fpirit of doctrine, except they be again difpoffeffed, may be reprefented by thofe three thoufand who ran from the Gadarene- mountains violent- ]y"tiown a fleep place, and were all chocked in the fea. They who have confeience for it, may call fuch ones Chri- ftians, if they pleafe, and then, when they have done fo, en- deavour to fax&ify Satan- by calling him Saint/ But Saints d 2 indeed xxviii Of the Pfalms, indeed will do well to confider thofe words of their Lord, as they ftand in their own connexion, " Every plant which my heavenly Father hath not planted fhall be rooted up." Thefe are the men who are for ever filling your ears with fomething or other about philofophers, Tully, Seneca, So- crates, the divine Plato, as they call that other whom the de- vil at Delphos is faid to have deified, honeft heathens, the wonderful things the light of nature teaches you, the moral fenfe, the beautiful, the fublime, the decent, the fair, the handfome. and fometimes the Tokalon, (for they love to fpeak plain !) with other ravings of the fame ftamp. There is another, but in many refpe&s, very different kind of men. indeed, whom you will find alfo at the head of their thoufands and ten thoufands, who do, verily, highly, asjuft- ly, difapprove of thofe mifinterpretations of the Pfalms, and. other fcriptures concerning righteou'fnefs, &c. juft now men- tioned, yet are by no means free themfelves of fome fort of corrupt leaven; which (hews its malignity in them alfo, but in a different appearance from the former. Obferve them only expatiating and enlarging upon their darling heads of fpiritual defcrtions, hidings of God's coun- tenance, withdrawings of his favour, or a fenfe of it at times from his accepted dear children, doubts and fears about their eftate, darknefs concerning their intereft in Chrift ; which, with their other kindred- topics of difcourfe, make up no fmali part of their doctrine and popularity. To give a tafte of this fame leaven ; after thefe, or the like words of the Lord Jefus have come in their way, " In my profperity I faid, 1 (hall never be moved. Lord by thy favour thou haft made my mountain to ftand ftrong : thou didft hide thy face, and I was troubled." Thefe expreflions (the mean- ing whereof is not difficult to fee, when viewed in the light of the Apoftolick teftimony) behove by all means to be compared and illuftrated— with that teftimony ? No ; but with the ex- periences of Job, who in the day of his affliction faid, " O that it were with me as in months paft, when the candle of the Lord fhined upon my head!" Is the caufe of Job's com- plaint a fecret ? but whatever he feared, doubted or complain- ed of, it was not, certainly \t was not concerning his ftate with Gad, or his intereft in Chrift -, feeing in that he triumphs, and Of the Pfalms. xxis and in that only, faying, " I know that my Redeemer liveth. Though he flav me, yet will 1 put my truft in him : then (hall I be at reft." They proceed next to David's experiences as what frequent- , ly happen, fay they, or may happen to all faints. How they trumpet forth that famous faying of his which he faid in his heart, " One day I fhallperifh by the hand of Saul, &c." If that of David had any relation to a believer's fears of falling into perdition, it is plain, that the reading of the fentence to the end, would have given the conclufion a quite contrary turn, being a proof, that, like David, they thought they ftiould efcape, and not fall. Why do you trifle with us in the name of the Lord ! Have we need of this ? or if fuch a doc- trine is to be maintained, has it need to be maintained with fuch weapons ? They are now come to the Pfalms ; and there, fee how they feize upon every ftrong figure of fpeech which the Holy Ghoft hath ufed, expreflive of the fufFerings of Chrift, and of the following glory ! Lo, how heartily, blindly and boldly they apply all them as expreflive of the frames of the fpirits of Da- vid, Heman, and Afaph, in the times of their foul-trouble and fpiritual defer tion ; till at length, through their prayers, fup- plications, failings, and tears, they find a glorious out-gate (as they fpeak) by a new and fenfible manifeftation ! and thefe fame heights and falls in their fpirits or frames, through the vain fuppofition that they were the experiences of mere mor- tals, are confidered, upheld and afcertained, as fo many incon- trovertible models or patterns of God's fovereign way of deal- ing with his children, whom the New Teftament fays, he fills with peace and joy in believing, fo that they even glory in God (which is not an accidental coming and going thing, but an eflential permanent part of their character) through their Lord Jefus Chrift, by whom they have now received the atonement. But thofe leaders, in diametrical oppofition to the Apoftles, apply upon occafions to the Saints and faithful in Chrift Jefus, all fuch pafTages in the Pfalms as the following ; " My foul is fore vexed— The forrows of death cornpafied me— The pains of hell got hold upon me — Thine arrows ftick faft in me — Deep calleth unto deep at the noife of thy water- fpouts : all thy waves and thy billows are gone over rne— Horror ji a th over- xxx Of the Pfalms. overwhelmed me — I fink in deep mire, where tbere is no ihnding — I am come into deep waters, where the floods o- verflow me — I am like a Pelican of the wilderne{s — I have eaten afhes like bread, becaufe thou haft lifted me up, and caft me down — The deep waters are come into my foul — My foul refufed to be, comforted — I remembred the wormwood and the gall — I remembred God, and was troubled— While I fuffer thy terrors, I am diffracted, or torn afunder — Will the Lord caft off for ever ? and will he be favourable no more ? Is his mercy clean gone for ever ? And doth his promife fail for evermore ? Hath God forgotten to be gracious ? hath he in anger fhut up his tender mercies ? Selah. And I faid, this is mine infirmity : but I will remember the years of the right hand of the moft High." What ideas have thofe ment>f the power and operation of the Comforter upon the fpirits of the Saints, when they think, that their ftate, even at any juncture, may be defcribed in the very fame language which defcribes the power and operation of God's wrath upon the fpirit and body of their Redeemer, when ftanding in their room, and drinking up for them that cup of bitternefs which the Father had put into his hand, that they, in place thereof, might have a cup of Salvation, thankfgiving and eternal con- folation put into their hands ? O vain men, how came ye to make fad the hearts of thofe whom the Lord by the fadnefs of his heart hath made glad ? how many diftreiTed ones go with a back bowed down al- ways through the influence and burden of your ftrange doc- trines ? how came ye to rob them of their peculiar privileges and titles, calling them defponding believers, whom their God and Father had filled with the Holy Ghoft, and all his divine confolations and fruits, love, peace, hope, joy, joy un- fpeakable and full of glory? How came ye to overlook, that the infirmity, or weak- nefs, which ye attributed to them, was their ftrength, their glory, their crown ? what elfe mean fuch pafTages as thefe ? " He was crucified through weaknefs ; but raifed again by the power of God— Put to death in the fielh : but quickened by the Spirit." And the years of the right hand of the moft High, which he faid he would remember, are they not explain- ed by fuch pafTages as thefe? " For the joy/hat was fet before him, Of the Pfalms. xxxi him, he endured the crofs, and defpifed the fhame, and is now fet down again on the right hand of the Majeffy on high — I have glorified thee, O Father, upon earth — I have finished the work which thou gaveft me to do: Now glorify me with the glory which Ihad with thee before the world began ;" which glory is fpoken of in the book of Proverbs, " The Lord pofTeiTed me, in the beginning of his way, before his works of old. I was fet up from everlaiting. Then I was by him as one brought up with him : and I was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him : rejoicing in the habi- table parts of his earth, and my delights were with the fons of men." Was it not for the joy of bringing many fons and daughters to glory, that he came into the world, made of a woman, made under the law, made the curfe ? Yea verily ; for their fakes, in the days of his flefh, he offered up prayers and fupplications, with ftrong crying and tears to Him that was able to fave him from death, which he was then under- going, and was heard according to all his defire, and exalted for his fubmiilion and obedience to his Father. It was he who funk in the miry clay ; and was raifed, and fet upon a rock. The waves of wrath went over him, the deep waters broke in upon his foul, and his foul was troubled ; fo that he- cried, my foul is forrowful, exceeding forrowful, forrowful round about, forrowful even to death. His Spirit was dif- fracted, torn afunder by the terrors of Jehovah. The arrows of God ftuck fall: in him. The mercy of God went clean from him. And the judgments of God refted upon him, for a light to the nations of them who are faved ; that they might have the boldnefs, and not the amazement through the blood of their Lord, the atonement ; who obtained for them the remiflion and kingdom, not in the way of favour or mercy to himfelf; but in the way of itrict abfolute jultice, as the due wages of his own moft abfolute perfect obedience in their flead. But alas ! though all this true doctrine concerning the fuf- ferings of the Lord and following glory be ftrenuoufly main- tained by thofe men we fpeak of, yet they have not thought of it in fuch as the above-mentioned pafTages of the Pfalms, and therefore, according to the fofteft thing that can be faki, they have inadvertently made all they maintain of the truth in fo far of none effect, by pouring into the hearts of God's children xxxti Of the PfalmL children the vinegar, wormwood and gall of God's wrath; which their Surety drank wholly up to their immortal confo- lation. Wherefore, to afcribe to them any part of the expi- atory fufFerings of their Lord, as defcribed in the words of the Holy Ghoft, what is it, let candour itfelf fay, but implicit blafphemy ? defigned, or undefigned, does not alter the cafe of thofe who are wounded, when they ought to be healed. The queftion here is not, whether there be fuch a doc- trine or no, as thofe men plead for ; but whether it be to be found in thofe advanced proofs of theirs from the Pfalms, which, it is aliedged in oppofition to their fentiments, have a fenfe of their own, quite feparate from, and abfolutely un- connected with, if not altogether everfive of theirs. If they would allow any weight at all to their pofrtions, and not expofe themfelves with their tenets to ridicule, they ought to (hew the world the fealed authority of the Lord fu- preme, the only Judge of fuch controverfres. Let them car- ry the caufe to the only lawful court which binds the con- ference of the Chriftian, and hear what the Apoftles of Chrift fay, whom he commiffioned his ruling and judging Princes over all the Ifrael of God, to bind and loofe on earth, all thofe things which he Himfelf hath bound and loofed in heaven. We behold them endowed for this purpofe with power from on high, ihortly after the afcenfion of the Lord, and not be- fore; upon their decifions, therefore, from the beginning of their acts to the end of their teftimonv, let us reft all our mat- ters : neither does this make void Mofes and the Prophets, more than the Lord made void his own parables by his inter- pretations of them ; or the prophecies and the law, by fulfil- ling them. The Apoftles, the Apoftles alone, are the voice of God to the Chriftian churches ; and not Mofes and the Prophets. Let nothing therefore be imprinted on our hearts, but the hand- writing of the Apoftles. The hand writing of the Apo- ftles is God's Imprimatur, Do you believe then, O friends, and freely allow us, that the Spirit of Chrift in his Apoftles is his own, his only Inter- preter, exclufive of you, and of all the univerfe ? You muft either give up your argument, take fhame to yourfelves, and give God the glory, or advance fome other guife kind of proofs Of the PfaJms. xxxiii proofs than thofe from the Pfalms, from Job, or even thofe fo much infifted upon by you all, ever and anon infifted up- on, from Ifaiah, chap. 50. " Who is among you that fear- eth the Lord, that obeyeth the voice of his Servant, that waiketh in darknels and hath no light? let him truft, &c." Is this a defcription of a believer in darknefs, and without light (as your argument fuppofeth) concerning his fpiritual ftate, or his intereft in the love of God ? According to the prophetic ftyle, one would naturally think in this place of a perfon in fome temporal calamity, who was allured of his eter- nal happinefs, but uncertain as to the particular event of his earthly affairs, which his heavenly Father had kept in his own hand, for the daily exercife of faith, whereby fuch a one was allured, all would be well upon the whole, though for the prefent he had in himfelf no affurance of his way, but only in his God, whom he could truft in all events ; as if a fon, deftitute of all things, in the midft of a dreary wildernefs, not knowing one inch of his way towards fafety, mould there, upon the fpor, meet with his own father, friend and guide, who had come forth to feek him, with power, and will, and great defire, to conduct him to his own abode. But you have other things in your head. " Feaieth! and obeyeth I" Are fear and obedience, then, marks with you of one that knoweth not whether the Lord ioveth him or not ? the Apoftles would have taught you, that there can be no fuch fear, or reverence and obedience, as here fpoken of, without love for their principle ; and no fuch love without the perfou's knowledge cf God's love to him. " Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us. — We love him, becaufe he firft loved us, and manifefted his love to us." Obedjence is the expreflion of this love: Thus the debtor and Mary loved much, becaufe they knew their Lord, their creditor, had forgiven them much. But you join creeds with one who daringly faid, " God can read "the truth of Icvq in thy heart towards Him, when thou canft not read the truth of love in his heart towards thee." But fays ano- ther, whofe creed is rather more fterling, as being one whom God hath confirmed, and upheld for a pattern to all them who fhould afterwards believe, " I know in whom I have be- lieved, who loved me, and gave himleif for me." allegation from So??? iid U aafaered bv thefe re- xxxiv Of the Pfahns. marks : for whatever the fpoufe fought her Lord, her Belov- ed, for, it was not for clearnefs about her intereft in his Jove ; for fhe loved him becaufe fhe knew her intereft in his love. But how abfurd is your application of this place ? is it poiTible for you to afcertain your fenfe of it ? might you not as well, as fome of you have done, alledged thefe words of the Lord in proof of your point ? that the childen of God are fometimes forfaken, and know not his love to them ; therefore they cleave to him by the faith of adherence, as you fpeak, while they want what you call the faith of afTurance; and fo cry in their mournful moods when they are without the fun, with their Lord on the crofs, " My God, my God, why haft thou forfaken me ?" Dare you ftand by this interpretation ? fee where it will lead you, being, if it be any thing at all in your way, a conclufion againft the Son of God, that he was for a time without the knowledge of his intereft in his Father's love. But why was he forfaken ? was it not that thofe who believe on him might never be forfaken ? Again, lfaiah xlii. 3. " A bruifed reed fhall he not break; and the fmoking flax mail he not quench," makes nothing for your purpofe, being defcriptive of the character of the Mefliah, going on in the fteadinefs of his heart, fulfilling his Father's counfels, upholding his own elect, and all things for the elects fake, till he have called, prepared, and prefented them all to his Father at the reiteration of all things, when he mail deliver up the kingdom, and wipe tears from every eye in the new heavens and the new earth, where the inhabitants mall not fay they are fick ; where there fhall be bo more figg- ing, nor crying, nor groaning, nor curfe. So that, as far as a bruifed reed and the fmoking flax may be true emblems re- prefenting the ftate of a gracious heart, they were as true of Enoch, Noah, Elijah, Daniel, and the Virgin Mary, in their days, and all their days, equally at one time as another, from the firft dawning of faith in their hearts till they finifhed their courfe with joy, as of any other heart whatfoever even of thfc weakeft believer in whom the Holy Ghoft dwells at this day. So little ground is there for building your doctrine on the words of the Prophet. But if you leave the Prophets, and come to the Apoftles ; alledging, that even Paul cries out fometimes {o pitiably, Rom. viL Of the Pfafms. xxxv Vii. 24. " O wretched man that I am ! who (hall deliver ms from the body of this death ?" Obferve, he cries out alfo with the faine breath in anfwer to his own exclamation, " 1 thank God, through Jefus Chrift our Lord." Which fame empha- tic queftion and anfwer are not to be underftood cf fome par- ticular frames of his at particular and different times ; but of the one even and uninterrupted echo of the heart of every one of thofe who have the firft fruits of the Spirit, groaning within themfelves while in this tabernacle, being burdened, waiting for the adoption, namely, the redemption of the body, when they (hall be delivered from this bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. If it be urged from Heb. ii. 1 5. that there we read of fome weak and doubting believers who through fear of death were all their life-time fubjeft to bondage, whom Chrift came to deliver. Remark the anfwer to your lair argument, and the connexion of the prefent text, and then honellly fay, if tjie perfbns there faid to have been all their life-time through fear of death fubject to bondage, are not ail thofe whom the Lord by his death delivered from fin, death, and the power of fa- tan, even all whom he fanclified in himfelf, who are all his brethren, of one father, with whom he partook in flefh and blood, Abraham, Samuel, and John the apoftle, as much as any other perfon whatfoever of the blood of Adam, whom he loved and walhed in his own blood ; having found them all in the fame condemnation, that he might bring them all to the fame abfolution and glory in himfelf. Now, how oddly does your account of certain faints fearing death and damnation being in bondage, agree with the Apoftle's account of himfelf and all the called of God? " We have not received the fpirit of bondage again to fear, but we have received the Spirit of Adoption whereby we cry Abba, Father. We groan to have the earthly houfe of this tabernacle diffolved, that wc may be eloathed upon with our houfe from heaven ; and in this we are always confident, knowing that while we are at home in the body, we are abfent from the Lord. And we wait for the Lord from heaven." Laftly, If you infill: upon 2 Pet. i. 10, Where believers are called upon to give all diligence to make their calling and election fure, that therefore believers may be ignorant of their e 2 calling Xxxvi Of the Pfahin. calling and election ; and confequently in darknefs as to their intereft inChrift. It is afked of you, to whom is this calling and election to be made fare, according to your fenfe ? To God ? Abfurd ! can worms of the earth have any influence upon the purpofe or knowledge of God ? To themfelves ? No; the addrefs to them came too late for that : for they were al- ready defigned as Elect, and called according to the foreknow- ledge of God, &c. i Pet. i. 2. as being made partakers of the divine nature through the knowledge of their Lord and Saviour, &c. Now, if they are fuppofed not to know their own character and designation, the exhortation proceeding upon their knowledge of that character and defignation muff go f ?r nothing. To whom then are they called to fhew their calling and el ection • even to all who may behold them; as the Lord faid to his difciples, John xvi. You have not chofen me, but I have chofen you, and ordained you, that ye mould ga and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit mould remain- Herein is my Father glorified that ye bear much fruit, fo (hall ye be, that is, approve yourfelves to be, my difciples. And again, the foundation of God itandeth fure, having this feal, the Lord knoweth them who are his. And, let every one that nameth the name of Jefus depart from iniquity. I know my fheep, and am known of them, and they know my voice, and they follow me.* Shew your faith by your works : as your charity by your alms-giving. Make your calling and e» lection fure. Prove them, manifeft them fure. Let the Spi- rit of life within you have free fcope in the direction of your life and motions ; that it may appear you were not fealed to the day of redemption for nothing. Thus a man is declared juft by his works, even as God himfelf is juftified, or declar- ed juft in his works. Thus children, fervants, wives, fub- jects, foldiers, make fure their loyalty and love by their obedi- ence according to the relation, election and calling, as we may exprefs it, of their feveral refpective flares. Thus good fruit makes (ure the goodnefs of the mother- tree. Thus Ifaac made it fure that the Lord was true, and Sarah barren no more. Thus all witneffes of truth eflablifn and make i'ure the facts which they only fhew, and not 60. So do ye make your fure calling and election appear, as being God's workmanfhip, created in Chrifr Jefus unto good works, which God hath be- fore Of the Pfalms. xxxvii fore ordained that ye fhould walk in them ; as dear children holy and beloved, walking worthy of God to all well-pleafing, as knowing your election of God. Tnofe fpoken of i John ii. 13. are evidently the fame per- fons confidered in different refpecls, and not believers of dif- ferent ranks, or degrees in grace, as weaker and ftronger ; certain it is, the weakeft of them, even in your view, are not defcribed as doubting of their intereft in Chrift, but allured of that, in which point they are equal all of them. " I have not written unto you, little children, becaufe your fins are not forgiven yon, but becaufe they are forgiven you. I have not written to you, becaufe you know not the truth, but be- caufe you know it, and that no lie is of the truth : f6r ye have an un&ion from the Holy One, and ye know all things. And again, hereby know we that he abideth in us by the Spi- rit which he hath given us. And we know that we are of God. And we know that the Son of God is come, and hath given us an underftanding that we may know him that is true: and we are in him that is true, even in his Son Jefus Chrift. This is the true God, and eternal life. Little children, keep yourfelves from idols. Amen." It is now entreated of you in the name of the Lord Jefus that you excufe this freedom, and confider the anfwers have been given to your arguments, whereby your principal wea- pons have been endeavoured to be wrefted out of your hands, that you might not for the future endeavour to abufe your- felves, and your hearers, by abufing the book of Pfalms, or any other portion of the book of God ; and that, at leaft, one might be clear of the blood of all men. Beware, O be- ware of that judaizing fpirit of yours, left thereby it come to pafs that Chrift profit you and your followers nothing ; and you be found guilty of undoing, to all intents and purpofes, before God and man, the doctrine of SancYtfication, which is by the Spirit of Chrift ; as the former fet of men were found guilty of undoing by their doctrines (which you hated) the doctrine of Juftiflcation, which is by the blood of Chrift. There is a third fet of people whom it is not eafy to de- fcribe at full length, as being a mixture of many things, but who feem to be ftrongly characterized by their leading fec- turer. in the writings of the Apoftles, as dfcdvmg, and being dece'ivcdj xxxviii Of the P/alms. deceived, fpoilt and fpoiling with philofophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments or elements of the world, and not after Chrift ; being given up to profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of fcience falfly fo called. One of thefe gentlemen will think nothing of reading you a text, for example, out of the 2d, 16th, or 7 2d pfalm; and then without any ceremony apply it to fome earthly conftituti- on, or eftablifhment of human wifdom's deviling, which may have ftruck his fancy as a proper fubjecT: for him to difplay his talents upon, as much (if the Holy Ghoft, Acts ii. and xiii. . chap, may be allowed to know his own meaning) in the fpirit of the pfalm, as if you had been entertained by the performer with a ftory or two out of the Fairy Tales, or with a parcel ofLadyMary Wortley's Letters from Constantinople, initruct- ing you concerning the feraglios, cuftoms, and drefTes that ob» tain among the Turks. This way of doing puts one in mind of that precious crea» ture who courted his miftrefs in the word.; of the Song of So- lomon, and called her the pair Circafllan : or that other, a minifter too, who, in a letter 1 larely faw, congratulated his friend on his having married a wife with a portion, in the very language of the Lord Jefus, faying, " The lines have fallen, &e." Row terrible is this ! Were even thofe rare divines of the laft age farther gone in guilt and abfurdity, who, in all the long-robed gravity of their wifdom folemnly burlefked the Pfalms, and that in the name of the Lord, after prayers read, and a bleiTing implored that they might be enabled fuitably to apply and improve ? And fo with a vengeance they did apply and improve-^how fuitably, let the world judge I " The King — The Lord's annointed-^his righteoufnefs — his righte- ous caufe — his glory filling the whole land — his flouriuYmg crown — righteous fee ptre-^-peace of his government, &c." To whom were all thofe elogiums from the Pfalms applied ? To the Lord, of whom they were meant ? No. To Da- vid ? nor to him neither. To whom then ? to whom but to their own good king Charles ! who with all his furviving ad- mirers behoved to be Martyr ! ConfeiTor ! of blelfed memory ! and fo forth ! let his own book Eikon Bafilike, Royal Image, or form of devotions, and his own Doctor Juxon (peak the reft, and tell the world one manner in which the Pfalms have been abu fed Of the Pfalms. xxxix abufed to the vileft of purpofes — and let all others who choofe contend in this point for the palm of impiety and down right jargon with Bonaventure the Monk, of whom Ben net in his Memorial of the Reformation fpeaks, as having appiied in an abominable piece of his (rendered afterwards infallible by his holinefs at Rome, fo they call their pope) every word of the Pfalms that fpeaks of God the Lord, to Mary his mother. But thofe who have ears to hear, let them hear, and beware of wrefting the Holy Word, left they wreft it to their own de- ftruclion. You fee now it was not of yeflerday that the Pfalms began to be perverted ; nor in one manner only. But to conjure, if it be poffible, at Jeafl to effay it, all thofe dreams and de- lufions, puns and forgeries, upon the book of Pfalms, let it be ferioufly weighed, if it be lawful for us to give an interpretation of any part thereof different from, that is, contrary to what the Holy Ghcft hath given. Would not you plainly fey that the man openly blafphemed, who lhould give another interpretation of the parables of the Sower and Seeds, of the Wheat and Tares, than the Lord hath given ? And why, pray, fhould not we look with equal deteftation and contempt upon the man who fhould deal fo by the Pfalms, or any other part of the holy Scriptures ? Here, perhaps, you will fay, that fome of the Pfalms may be fafely explained in the manner you fpeak of, there is no queftion ; but would you have us to explain the whole of them after the fame fafhion ? Yes indeed ; the whole •hundred and fifty ; if fo be the Spirit by whom they were in- spired hath given us a key fo to do. " Make that appear, and the controverfy is at an end." Amen: Here we reft the ifTue. Take your Bible then with the parallel places, and finifh the proof yonrfelf. You will find your profit in the purfuit, and the procefs of the argument fimple and eafy, if you afford but a moderate degree of candour and attention. i/?, Carefully mark all the pfalms whereof you fee any part applied to Chrilt. in the New Teftament, as fpoken of him, or b'A him. Now, where any part of a pfalm is explained as fpo- ken of, or in the perfon of Cbriit, fo muff the whole of that pfalm, whatever feeming objections lie againft it, for this ob- vious reafon, that (as will appear by ocular demonflration, if you read the places in queftion) the whole of every fuch pfalm is is fpokcn »u one perfon, who is himfeif frequently the conti- nued fubjecl of the pfalrn from the beginning to the end thereof; and every thing belides in the plalm is but a predi- cate, as they fay, or declaration of the fame fubjecl, or (which does not alter the cafe) an imprecation, or a prayer, or a bkff- ing, or a defcription, or a narrative, uttered by the fame perfon. There are indeed a few pfalms which item to be in the way of dialogue, or chorus; fuch as the 2d, 24th, 45th, 91ft, I02d, 121ft, I32d, and perhaps feveral others; yet, thofe are all evidently fo full of Meffiah the Lord, that though there be a change of perfon? fpeaking in them, they make no infringe- ment upon the general rule here advanced ; founded, not on a metaphyseal fubtlety, but on plain common fenfe, level with every one's apprehenilon, who in fuch matters knows but the right hand from the left. For illuftration, take the following examples; Pfal. xl. 6 — 9. is brought in,- H,eb. x. 5, as fpoken by Chrift : Shew a change of perion in the fpeak- er, and indeed the alledged interpretation of the reft of the pfalm falls to the ground ; allow the fpeaker the fame, and it ftands good, in fpite of all the power of contradiction and wit. — Pfalm xviii. 49. is applied, Rom. xv. 9, as fpoken by Chrift concerning his bringing the Gentiles into the fellowmipof the gofpel: therefore, as the fpeaker is'one, the whole pfalm is defcriptive of the warfare and victory of Meihah, the Prince, bringing judgment to victory. — Pfalm xxxv. 19. is quoted by the Lord, John xv. 25, as fpoken of himfelf : his words are remarkable, (left we fhould retain fome ridiculous notion of a type and antitype) " But this cometh to pafs that it might be fulfilled which is writen in their law, They hated Me with- out a caufe." Pfalm ixix. 9, is alfo introduced in a very cb- fervable manner, Rom. xv. 3. " Even Chrift pleafed not him- feif ; but as it is written, the reproaches of them that reproach- ed thee are fallen upon Me." Not a word of David ! this pfalm is more frequently quoted of Chrift in exprefs words, than any other in the book. — Pfalm lxviii. 18. is explained, Eph. iv. 8. of Chrift's afcenfion, receiving and giving of k u. Holy Ghoft. — Pfalm xlix. 4. and lxxviii. 2. are faid to be fulfilled, Matth. xiii. 35. when the Lord began to open hiu mouth in parables : this interpretation lets us into the mean- ing of the hiftorical pfalms, which are fo many Old Teftameiv. parable... Of the Pfalms. xli parables, wherein the Lord himfelfis the hiftorian. — Pfalm lvii. 7. and cviii. 3. quoted of Chrift, Rom. xv. 9, where harp and pfaltery are called upon to awake, and praife, will let us into the meaning of all thofe pialms where all fuch in- frruments of mufic, organs, and thofe of ten firings are in- troduced, with cymbals and dances into the worfhip of God ; being defigned in the temple fervice, for figures to exprefs that fpiritual worfhip, joy, and exultation, which are uttered in harmonious concert by the mouths of all the redeemed af- fembly and church of the Firlt-born, in the power and com- munion of the one Spirit ; which fame dances, organs, and inltruments of mufic of all kinds were never more to be em- ployed in fuch fervice, after that difpenfation, and earthly ce- conomy, whereof they were a part, along with the temple and facrifices, were fet afide and abolifhed for ever, when the true temple and facrifice, even the Lord Chrilt, was come: o- therways, if fuch things had been to continue in nfe among the churches of Chrilt, we fhould certainly have had fome precept or example left us by him, or his Apoftles, without which, the ufing of them in churches muff, be as ridiculous abfurdity, fu perflation, and will-worfhip, as if you were to blow trumpets at the New-moon — to circumcife yourfeif and your fons after the example of Abraham — to prefent yourfeif with all your family three times a year before the Lord at Je- rufalem — or, after the manner of Jofiah, and upon the fame authority, to make a covenant with the Lord and all the peo- ple, according to all the words and manner found written in the book of the law of. the Lord, by the hand of his fervant Mofes 1 and indeed, in this laft particular piece of Jewi(h fer- vice, you will find thoufands, and ten thoufands of your fel- low fubjects, at their very hearts bloodily in earneff to join you. Such perfons would do well to confider the fpirit of the Apoitles docixine, Gal. v. 1. 5, where we are plainly gi- ven to underftand, that if we acknowledge our obligation in part to bear that yoke and burden, we are bound to the whole; and that the nature of that fame acknowledged part, is like the poifonous fiy in the apothecary's ointment; Chrift fhall profit us nothing; nay, Chrift fhall be our death, and not our - i fe : for if light had not come, there bad been no condemna- . for walking in darknefs. But of this by the by. — Pfalm f cxvi. xlii Of the Pfalms. cxvi. ic, is applied, 2 Cor. iv. 13, as fpoken by Chrifr.-— So alfo Pfalm cxvii. 1, in Rom. xv. 1 1. — Pfalm cxviii. 22, in like manner, Marth. xxi. 42.— And to mention no more under this head, Pfalm cxix, upon the true application whereof fo much depends, as for fubftance, in many other places, fo in particular, v. 139. parallel to Pfalm lxix. 9. is brought by the Holy Ghofr, who leads into all truth, unto the remem- brance of the difciples, John ii. 17. as written before hand of the Lord, the purger of his Father's houfe, " My zeal, the zeal of thine houle hath confumed me, hath eaten me up." And the very icntence which the Lord pafTeth, Matth. vii. 23. upon thofe whom he there condemns, you read verbatim, v. 1 1 5. of this pfalm, " Depart from me ye that work iniquity," So you fee this cxix Pfalm, and the Sermon upon the Mount, are fpoken by the fame Perfon : and alas ! you are blind, if you do not fee them both running in the fame flrain and fpi- 1 It, explaining, vindicating, eltablifhing the law in that very fenfe in which he alone who is perfect as his Father is per- fect, fulfilled it in his heart, in his life, in his death, accord- ing to the perfection of Jehovah's felf. Rejoice O Believer ! Thefe few examples, out of fifty others equally clear, which- might have been brought, may fuffice by way of a hint, which every one may purfue at pleafure, for the illuftration of the firft rule. Which brings us to what is equally plain and con- clufive, A 2d Rule of interpretation, namely, That wherever, you meet with a pfalm that is not directly applied itfelf to Chrifr, yet if it have any part of it evidently parallel to any part of an- other pfalm which is fo applied, you mull apply them both alike ; becaufe of the famenefs of the perfon and fubject, as argued above: according to that mathematical axiorn^ If two things are equal to one third thing, they are equal to one ano- ther. Thus, for illuftration of this remark, if you allow pfalm xl. to be fpoken in the perfon of Chrift, you cannot deny but the lxx. (which is only a repetition with little variation of the five laft verfes of the xl.) muff of neceflity be explained in the fame way ; not of David, but of his Lord. In this view, pfalm cviit. where Chrifl's fpiritual dominion over his church, ga- thered out of all nations, tongues, kindreds, and languages, is defcribed in fuch terms as feemed good to the Holy Ghoft, will Of the Pfa/ms. xliii will fix the meaning of pfam Ix> where alfo, Moab, Edom, and Philiftia are introduced with Judah and Ifrael, as fubject- ed, owning, and triumphing in their fubjection to their own eternal King. So alfo, pfalm 2d, 20th, 21ft, 24th, 61ft, 72d, 89th, 149th-, afcertain the meaning of many others, as of one another; where the King and his acts are praifed, ac- cording to the quotation from pfalm ii. by the Apoftles, Acts iv. 25. Pfalm xxiv. where the afcenfioQ of the eternal King, having received the exaltation and dominion over ail, for hiso- bedience to the death, is celebrated, under the character of a perfect man, according to the law, afcending into the hill of ,God, from whence he mould never be moved, this Pfalm, 1 fay, will vouch for pfalm xv. where the fame character and reward are defcribed. To call any mere mortal the eternal King, would be an iniquity to be punifhed by the judge. And what better is it to tear from him his character for which he receiv- ed the glory, and give it to another ? will he give his glory to another ? his praife to graven images ? conllder this, yc who have afcribed the perfection of righteoufnefs defcribed in thofe Pfalms to finful worms. Pfalm xxii. and cxvi. where the Lord fays, " I will pay my vows in the prefence of the people, in the midft of the congregation, &c." do evidently lhew who is the fpeaker in all thofe Pfalms where fuch expref- fions are ufed. What light will this obfervation fpread upon many Pfalms? and upon many hearts? on pfalm Ixv. 1. for one example, " Praife waits for thee, O Lord, in Zion — O thou that heareft prayer unto thee fhall all flefh come." — Why ? " Unto thee fhall the vow be performed." What vow? Even his vow, who faid, " 1 come to do thy will, O God." — And M Mine iniquites have taken hold upon me," pfalm xl. 11. as here, " iniquities prevail againft me." He charges himfelf alone with the iniquities and fufferings for them ; but in the bleflednefs and glory he takes in his Saints; faying, " our tranfgrefhons thou fhalt purge away — we fhall be fatif- fied, &c." Ought not the minifter to obferve fuch things, efpecially upon facramental occafions, when the people are (hewing forth the death of the Lord, that is, his vows fulfil- led in his own blood to the pi ail e of his Father for ever, that they might eternally fing thefong of the Lamb that was /lain? how different would be the effect of this lively true per fu a (ion f ' i:pon xilv Of the Pfalms. npon the heart of the humble adorer, from that kifipid un- icriptural notion of ibme kind of covenant, vow, engagement, bargain, obligation, which people are faid to be making, or renewing with their Lord in the eating of his fupper ? how can they maintain this their doclrine, and deny the unbloody facrifice of the Mafs ? for if the commemorating, or keeping in remembrance of a fulfilled covenant or vow, be a renewing or making of a covenant, or vow, the papifls will rid their feet as well as they, when they come to give an account of their propitiatory facrifice of the Mafs for the dead and for the living. Has not your fpirit burnt within you, Chriftian, with ve- ry indignation, vexation and fhame, when you have been told, with the fymbols of your Lord's body and blood in your hands, that you were come to his table to renew or make your covenant with God, to make up your peace with God, to get an interefl in Chrift, and to get this intereft cleared up, and fo forth ? may we not afk you, if your eating and drinking in fuch circumftances was not faying Amen ? — Then, behold, as the conclufion of the whole matter and fervice for the day, uprears himfelf an admired creature, the molt efteemed of the whole afibciation, and with all the poflible folemnity of his manner, reads you out, for the ground of his enfuing difcourfe, in the forecited cxvi. pfalm, thefe words of the Lord Jefus, n them, like the fun out of dirknefs, by the jufl degrees B 2 of lii Of the Pfalms. of his own decree, till the fulnefs of glory mould blaze out in meridian fplendor ? Hence, in the days of David, Saul, Doeg, Shimei, Abfalom, Goliah, dogs, bulls, lions, wolves, bears, ferpents, vipers, unicorns, afps, were proper language for defcribing traitors, and falfe brethren, chief priefts and rulers of the people, fcribes, and pharifees, Herod, Pontius, foldiers, thieves, murderers, flanderers, falfe witnefs, devils, who all fwarmed about the blefTed Lord to deftroy him, and in him his church. If this way of interpretation is not allowed, you muft fay, the Father of our fpirits has been but trifling with us ; and that he only meant to fhew us earthly things, becaufe he on- ly ufed, in all his revelations to us, our own earthly language, the only one he has given us to underftand. Would not this way of yours make the hiftory of the fall an old wife's tale, oe fome thing fillier ? as if the ferpent had been merely and lite- rally that animal fo called, without any evil fpiriting, inform- ing, and a&uating him ; though the devil is called, in plain allufion to this matter, the old crooked ferpent. Lajily upon this point ; We may fay of every thing that was prefent to David, the fathers, and all the prophets, though the revelations to them run in terms correfponding, indeed, to the language, and manners, and things prefent with them, as God faid to Abraham concerning Ifhmael, who was born after the flefli, and not by promife, " This is not thy fon ; but in Ifaac mail thy feed be called" — which feed was Chrift. Obj. 3. David was a type of Chrift; and therefore, though we do not deny but there may be fomething of a Spiritual meaning in fome of the pfalms relating to Chrift, yet there is always a true literal fenfe which we muft keep by, " for our fpiritual edification in Chrift, no doubt !" And if at any time they are applied to Chrift, it is only by way of accommoda- tion, in a fecondary kind of fenfe ; while the genuine, origi- nal primary fenfe is only true of the type, and not of the an- titype. Jnf. That David, being an anointed king and prophet, (as the priefts alfo with all the other kings and prophets of that nation) had appointed him by the Lord an official part to acf, in which fenfe they might all, as well as he, be called the vi- able reprefentatives, mefTtngers or officers of Chrift, is freely allowed j Of the fjalms. 1m allowed ; but that David, (or any of them) In any other fenfe was a type of Chrift, fo as to have ftates, frames, and expe- riences fimilar to Chrift's, which were typical of ChrifVs ftates, frames, experiences, remains to be proved. Shew wherein David is, and wherein not a type of Chrift ; for that he cannot be fo always, is evident from Pfalm xl. where it is faid, I come to do thy will, O God ; a body haft thou prepared me— to wit, for a facrifice or fin-offering. How did David ty- pically offer up himfelf a facrifice or fin-offering ? or what great- er likenefs had David to the furTerings of Chrift and following glory, than thoufands of other believers, before or fince his coming in the ffefh ? They were all ordained to fuffer with Chrift in this world, and to reign with him in the next ; nay, not only to be as he was, in tribulation while in the body, but alfo to glory, triumph, and reign even in that tribulation itfelf : fo that when they glory, they glory not alone in the joy to come, but in thofe things alio which concern their in- firmities. Are the faints therefore, becaufe they have all their adverfity and profperity given them of God for their joy, and his own glory — are they therefore all types of Chrift ? But left you fay we mock, were all theOld-Teftament faints types oi Chrift ? How abfurd the fuppofition ! Why then fingle out David for a type, except you tell us where it is written ? It is not fuppofed you would make him a type alfo in his murde! and adultery, though you would do well to confider how fai your argument would lead you. As to that fcheme of apply' ing quotations from the Old Teftament to Chrift only by waj of accommodation, though all the doctors of the world wen at it, as alas ! fome of them are, it is fuch an outrageous in fult and burlefk put upon the Holy Ghoft, that it ought no even to be once named among faints as a thing poflible wit! God ! It unhinges at one blow the whole Old Teftament anc the New ! It refts the veracity of all the prophets and apoftle? that is, of God, upon a mere moveable flip-board of diffimu lation and deceit ! So that, according to it, the gofpel mzs be yet but a cunningly devifed fable ! and not the accompiifh ment of the promifes made to the fathers ! By the help of tha fame accommodation of yours, a fharp wit might have taugh the apoftles to have eftablifhed their doctrines as the fulfilmcn of ancient prophecies, from the traditions of the elders, Efcp fable: liv Of the Pfalms. fables, or even Mahomet's Alcoran, had it then exifted, by taking fuitable paffages in thofe books, tearing them away from their original fenfe and connexion, and framing them fo as to expiefs another quite different meaning in the fame words : which is your famous accommodation ! a bufinefs fuited only to the genius and abilities of that father of lies, who is faid to have folaced a congregation of witches, on the night before they were to be burnt, by preaching to them from John xiv. i. but be that as it will, in his temptation of the Lord, and in ail his temptations where with he tempts people by mifre- prefenting the fciiptures, he difcovers, to thofe who are not ignorant of his devices, his abundant fkill and addrefs at ac- commodating ! Obj. 4. But many parts of the Pfalms are fuch, that it is impofnble to conceive how they can be interpreted, as fpo- ken of, or in the perfon of Chrift. Anf. This is fuch an ob- jection as concludes with equal fhe'igth againft what yourfelf muff allow to be the apoftolic application ; all thofe things which you ignorantly boggle at, conteffions of fin, heavy complaints, prayers and ^applications for pardon and deliver- ance, thanksgivings and exultations for thefe, vehement ex- poilu'ations with God, with men, weighty imprecations up- 3u enemies, Jewifn language and manners (and do voufcruple at them in the Pfalms 1) and the like, being all to be found in thofe very Pfalms inconteftibly interpreted by the Apoftles :>f Chrift : fo that the objection lies not againft man, but the Floly Ghoft himfelf: take Pfalms 40th, 69th, 16th, 22d, 39th, 35th, forinftances. This is fuch an oYfervation as the whole weight of the caufe might be made lo reft upon it. But to be more particular; it can be no objection againilour ntcrpretation of the Pfalms, though there may be fome ftrong metaphorical expreflions, fpirited exclamations, and, to our ipprehenfion, feveral other very ftrange things in them which ive cannot exactly fhew the meaning of, being certain we *ave all the fenfe or fpirit of them fome where in the New reftament. For the illuftration of this point, you may con- sider our true country proverb, u Every hair cafts its own "hadow :" Which- remains full true, though it be no cafy af- rairto-imtwift the rope, and fay, which is the particular fha- low of every individual hair. And we are the eafier on this head Of the Pfalms. W head when we hear the A pottles, Heb. ix. ra general difcour- fing of the Holy of Holies, the ark of the covenant, the gol- den pot that had Manna, Aaron's red that budded, the mer- cy Seat, &c. as {hadows, the bodily fubltance whereof was Chrift, and then faying, " Of which things we cannot now fpeak particularly." Thus, when the houle was built, there was the lefs need of the pattern or model ; unlefs you will fay that becaufe a houle is built after fome plan, that therefore we dwell in the houfe and in the plan together. Neither need wc have infifted fo much upon this point, if it had not been for the mifchievous confequences following upon a mifinter- pretation of the Pfalms ; many things wherein, no doubt, as well as in all the other writings of ancient infpiration, may be like the fnuffers, pans, (hovels, bafons, pins, loops, and tach- es, knops, flowers, and chapiters, and certain additions of thin-work over upon the altar of incenfe, which things being part of the tabernacle and temple, were typical ; yet who but a madman will offer to mew you their correfpondenC- anti- types ? you may take alfo into this account the almoft univer- sal prejudice arifing from the falfe teaching of near three thou- fand years fmce the Pfalms were delivered to the Jewifh church; from whence our tranflators, though perhaps the molt unex- ceptionable in the world, having had David always running in their head, have given their whole translation of the Pfalms a ftrong calf towards him. See, for example how they have called Chrift's righteoufnefs, as in the margin, pfalm xxxv. 27. *f A righteous caufe," not knowing fo well how to think of David's righteoufnefs in fuch a connexion ; as it is not eafy to fee how they could, without foftening the matter, and bring- ing it down the bell: way they could to fit David's cafe. But the moft egregious blunder of this kind, perhaps in their whole work, you meet with pfalm xxiv. 6. where they make the Spirit to defcribe a generation of people under that one fingular peculiarly appropriated character of the only Holy One and Juit, who alone afcended by his own righteoufnefs into the hi g heft, heavens, and received the biefling from the Eter- nal, even power over all flefh, that he might give eternal life to as many as the Father hath given him: " This," fay they, " is the generation of them, &c." inllead of " This!'* or, " This Hei" O generation of them that feek him, &c. ;" <; This" hi Of the Pfalms* " This" being evidently meant of the Meffiah's felf defcnbed in the remaining, as in the former part of the Pfalm ; while the generation of them that feek him is not ipoken of at all, but only fpoken to, and called upon, as it were* to behold H This perfeEl One, this King of glory " Tojuftify this obfer- vation to the merely Engliih reader, let him obferve, that the word (is) between this and " the generation" is a fup- plement of the translators ; as will appear by its being print- ed in a different letter from the reft ; which is the mark whereby to know when they add any word for which there is none in the original, to fill up what they take to be the meaning, that the fentence may run fmooth without a break. But to return : though the meaning of many things in the pfalms may be difficult:, thro' fo many caufes, that it is not eafy to fay precifely what it is ; neverthelefs, where the Holy Ghoft hath vouchfaved us a clear revelation of what was hid in the myfteries of old, let us not (hut our eyes againft the true light where it fhineth ; but wifely confider that intimate union, infeparable connexion, and eternal fellowfhip fubfift- ing between Chrift and his church ; infomuch that they are called One, One Perfon, Head and Members, Spirit and Bo- dy ; fo that their names are One. He is the Lord our righ- teouinefs, and this the name wherewith He mall be called, the Lord our righteoufnefs : He is called the Anointed, they are the anointed; He is the Son of God, they are the children of God in Him ; He is Heir of God, they are heirs of God, joint-heirs with Chrift ; He is the feed of the woman, they are the feed of the woman ; they are called Jacob, Ifrael, and David, fo is He, Jer. xxx. 9. Ez. xxxiv.*"f?. Hof. iii. 5. and elfewhei e. Thus, the fpoufe's name, intereft, and eftate, are fwallowed up in thofe of her Hufband ; her debts are his debts ; her friends his friends, her enemies his enemies, and lb in every infrance ; »they are one in law, married to the Lord, one fpirit, one body, no more twain but one flefh, He in them and they in him : this is a great myftery, faith the Apoftle, but I fpeak concerning Chrift and his church. What God hath joined together let no man put afunder. This indifToluble bond of union between Chrift and his church, whereby He cannot be considered without her, nor fhe without htm, will account for all thofe confeflions of fin, prayers Of the Pfalms. M this Pfalm, v. 16. as being parallel to Pfalrn xl. 6. has been already mewed as an exprefs quotation of the words of the Lord Jefus Chrilt. If David was the fpeaker in the former part of the Pfalm, by what argument do you fbew that he ceafes to fpeak in the i 6th verfe ? if you fay, it is not the Lord but David who fpeaks there, yon are guilty of Annanias and Sapphira's crime; nay worfe, you do not merely lie to, but actually do give the lie to the Holy Ghoft. Do you con- ceive the Holy Ghoft removes in the xl. pfalm, that which God hath no defire to, delight or pleafure in, (even as the creditor hath no dedve to, delight or pleafure in the debtor's bond, or renewal of hh bond, but only in the payment there- of) and brings in that which he hath a defire to, delight or pleafure in, even the doing of the will of God by Chrift, by which will, done and fulfilled by Chriil, thofe who are ChriftV., are finclified, rompleated, and pericc'ted for ever? do you conceive this, I lay, in Pfalm xl. and in the li. Pfalm where the fame thing is removed, that the Holy Ghoft doth bring in another thing which is not defpifed, that is delired, delight- ed, and acquiefced in, even the contrite heart, and broken fpirit of David r can the Spirit of Go J indeed amufe us, amaze us, deceive us, by fpeaking the fame words in the fame con- nexion, a«d yet meaning different things ? were not this to juggle us out of all certainty whatfoever? what could a fly Socinian fophifter do more ? compare Ifaiah lvii. 15. andlxvi. 2. with Mat. iii. 17. which three paffages, with others pa- rallel to, and explanative of Pfalm li. 16, 17. if you do not fee fpoken of the Meffiah, yon may read your character, 2 Cor. iv. 3. as blind and loft: yea verily, except you repent and believe the gofpel — What ! did it not belong to him who wafh- ed away ail fin, original and actual, (Rom. v. 9. to the end) in his own blood, to fay, that he was conceived in, or under that fin r was not he made under the law, the broken law, convincing of fin and wrath ? If God defired truth in the in- ward part, could not he fhew it, and righteoufnefs pure as Je- hovah is pure: might not he, the true paffover and facrifice of every kind for fin, fay, Purge me with hyfop, the emblem- atic fign in fprinkliog the blood of the atonement ? might not he fay fo, who was baptifed with the baptifm of Jehovah's wrath in his own blood, that his people might have that peace- h z fpeak- Ix Of the Pfalms. f peaking blood fprinkled upon their confcience ? might not he fay, deliver me from blood -guiltinefs, or as the margin reads, bloods,,who gave blood for blood, even his own blood, the blood of God for the guilt of Adam as it relates to them, and all the other guilt of thofe who are faved, who through; guiltinefs had forfeited their bloods, even their lives, bodies and fouls, to the pains of hell for ever ? Might not he fay to his Father, create in me a clean heart, and renew within me a right fpirit ? He in whom all things were firft reftored ? who gives the clean heart, and creates the right fpirit ? Might not he who, becaufe of the loft glory, endured the wrath and re- ftoreth all things, having obtained the Spirit aid power, fay, Reftore to Me the joy of thy Salvation ? and take not thy good Spirit from me ? and caufe the bones which thou haft broken to rejoice ? Might not he who received the Holy Ghoft, that he might give the gifts of God to men, fay, then will X teach tranfgreflbrs thy way ? and finners (hall be converted to thee ? Might not he plead for Zion, who gave himfelf for the price of her Redemption ? Might not he plead God's good plea- sure for Jerufalem, his church, the city of the living God, who offered for her ranfom that which was better thaij bul- lock or ox, or any thing that had horn and hoof, (Pfalm lxix. 31.) even the broken heart, the contrite fpirit, when through the eternal Spirit he offered himfelf a fweet-fmelling facrifice of peace to God ? Was it unlike the Holy Ghoft the Advocate, who takes of the Father's and of the Son's and fhews to the faints, leading them into all truth, helping their infirmities, making intexceflion for them according to the will of God, with groanings that cannot be uttered, was it unlike the Ho- ly Ghoft, I fay, upon fuch an occafion as is fpoken of in the title of that Pfalm, to reprefent to David, whofe fin was for- given him, the Lord Jefus the true facrifice, propitiation, and High Prieft, making the atonement and interceflion in his own blood, for all his elecl:, and for all their fins ? is not this the way in which the Holy Ghoft gives his confolations now to e- very particular believer, through the blood of the Lamb, through faith in his blood ? as it is written, if any man fin, we have an Advocate with the Father, even Jefus Ghrift the Righteous, whofe blood cleanfeth from all fin. And he is the Propitiation for our fins, and not for ours only, but alfo for the whole Of the Pfalms. Ixi whole world, namely, of them who believe on his name. Did the One Spirit ufe a different way in the days of David ? more* over, how could David's facrifices of a broken and contrite heart or fpirit make the facrifices of the people accepted ? or his repentance for a private fin be the caufe why they fhould be fpared, built up, and blefled ? for the people never fuffered for the private fins of their kings, but only for thofe commit- ted in their public character as kings, in their government ; as for the numbering of the people, the breaking of the princes covenant with the Gibeonites by Saul. As for this private and perfonal fin of David's, the bloody fword was entailed a« a temporal ptfnifhment upon his own houfe only, and not up- on the kingdom in general, which had nothing to fear from the fin, nor to hope from the repentance of it, fo as to be throwr down and rejected, or built up and accepted with their offer ings, either for the one, or the other. Now judge for your felf, whether this Pfalm be a private prayer of David's, whicr we deny, or the public intercefiion of the Meffiah himfelf fo his whole church, miniftered by the Holy Ghoft in Old Tef tament ftyle, and only written by David, and wherein Davit had only his own portion equally with Mary Magdalen an< Noah the preacher of righteoufnefs ; the Pfalm being a praye of the fame nature, fpirit, and extent, with that other inter ceflbry prayer of the Lord, John xvii. not for the confolaticn of one only, but for the whole election of God, for whom th Lord having made the atonement by his blood, makes th prayer by his fpirit ; which we affirm. Who is in the righl that day will fhe^w, when the fire will confume all but th True foundation, and that which is built thereupon by th Holy Ghoft. As to the curfes, imprecations, and denunciations of wrat wherewith the pfalms abound, they can only be uttered by hir who has alfo power and authority to blefs : fo that the blefl ings and the curfmgs in the pfalms, are by no means the feebl jviftitngs and wouldings of a thing crufhed before the motr like David, who is both dead and buried, and his fepulchr alfo with himfelf turned to dull: in its place to this day ; bi they are the utterances of him who hath all judgment con mitted into bis hand, of the exceeding great and eternal weigl pf dory to them who love him and his righteoufnefs, bein th lxii Of the Pfaims. the called according to his purpofe ; and of the exceeding great and eternal weight of wrath to them who hate hir and his righteonfnefs, being abominable, and difobedient, and to every good work reprobate. To ftrengthen this remark, it is obfervable, that thofe bleffings and curfes are always laid in the ballance one over again ft the other, as the fanctions of Je- hovah round the blood and righteoufnefs of the Lamb, in whom his foul acquiefceth : and they are all to be found where the fufTerings and glory of Chrift are unquestionably meant, as in Pfaims xl. lxix. cix. &c. (hewing that the whole love of God, or wrath of God, are centered upon every one, as their hearts are centered, or not centered, upon the alone object of his delight, the Lamb that was flain, but now in the midft of the throne, who is the only bond and centre of union be- tween God and his creatures, whether in heaven or in earth ; to whom be glory for ever amen. He, He alone blefleth, and they are blefled •, He curfeth, and they are curfed : if he fay it, who can difannul it ? Behold he hath fpoken to the chil- dren of his love, and faid, " Come to me ye blelTed, &c."— But to the children of his wrath, he fayeth, " Depart from me ye curfed, &c." — " As for thofe mine enemies, who would not that I mould reign over them, bring them hither and flay them before my face ;" as it is written, Luke xix. 27. a true commentary upon fuch pafTages as thefe in the pfaims, " Let them be confounded and afhamed that fet themfelves againfl me — Pour out thine anger upon them, and let thy wrathful indignation take hold upon them — Let them go down alive in- to hell — Let fhame cover them — Let the pit clofe her mouth upon them — Let them be blotted out for ever.": — Thefe things are further explained in the New Teftament ; "The dead fhall hear the voice of the Son of Man — And fome fhall arife to fhame and everlafting contempt— And thefe fhall go away into everlafting punUhment, but the righteous into life eternal." " Kite ye the Son. Behold the King who hath the government of his Father's houfe upon his moulders." Turn away your eyes from David, and behold the Branch of the root of JefTe, who hath the keys of death and hell, who openeth, and no man fhutteth, who fhutteth, and no man openeth. ^Behold he harh faid , faid to every creature under heaven, " Blefs, and Would you jump into Jehovah's judgment-feat ? or Of the Ffalms. lxiii or plead for David's being there, ufurping the word out of his mouth ? wrenching the fword out of his hand ? fcattering the bolts of the Almighty's wrath i and dealing with his arm dam- nation or falvation round the world ? according to his good pleafure, certainly ! as people were favourers or oppofers of him and his righteous caufe l Behold what you have done, when you contended for David againft the Lord fpeaking in the pfalms ! — Verily ! in the fight of God ! Thofe curfes ut- tered in the Pfalms, are fo far from being an argument againft, that they are an irrefragable teftimonv of God, bearing his own peculiar feal and character, proving that it is his own Son it perfon that fpeaks in thofe Pfalms. Therefore, if thou wouldft not be found fighting even againft God here alio, you muft allow that David, in all the curfes uttered in the Pfalms, is only the mouth of God, to whom vengeance belongeth, who faith, " I will recompenfe faith the Lord" — x^nd again, Let them {hout for joy who love thy falvation, and fay, Let thy name be magnified — But let them be deftroyed together who wifh me evil — who perfecute the foul of thy Turtle — add- ing iniquity unto their iniquity, and bow down their back al- way— Let them be defolate, for a reward of their (hame, who fay unto me, Aha ! Aha !— To fpeak thus, was it not his pre- rogative alone, who was hated without a caufe, infulted, fcofF- ed, reproached as an aflbciate with publicans and people of bad fame, a glutton, a wine-bibber, a raifer of fedition, and Sab- bath-breaker, a profaner of the temple, a madman, a devil in communion with Beelzebub, blindfolded, buffeted, fpitted upon, fcourged, crowned with thorns, cloathed with a robe of mockery— crucified, and blafphemed every where, ever more, by the ferpent and all the ferpent's feed, in his own per- fon, and in the perfonsof ail his members — was it not his pre- rogative, I fay, to utter his Father's wrath, and execute the judgment due upon the devil and all the devil's children > was he not exalted? fent he not the Holy Ghoft of purpopj to convince the world of fin, of righteoufnefs, ,and of judg- ment, becaufe the Prince of this world is judged, and caft out with his children for ever, for their rebellion againft the Son < Thus hath the Son declared, If I had not come and fpoken to you, you had had no iin (no fin in rejecting me) but now I have come and fpoken to you, and done the works which none other lxiv Of the Pfalms. other man did, you have no cloak for your Ha — I am covat the light into the world — He that beiieveth on me mail not walk in darknefs — But, this is the condemnation, that the light is come into the world, and men loved darknefs rather than the light, becaufe their deeds are evil ; and therefore, Pfalm lxix. 22. &c. is faid to be fulfilled, Rom. xi. 9. in the deftrucYion of thofe who believed not the Apoftles teftifying of Chrift and his righteoufnefs — So that if thou believe not thofe fame his Apoftles, all the curfes of Jehovah's power, by Chrift, and for Chrift's fake, fhall be even poured into thy fpirit; and eternity fhall mew, that it was not a fellow-worm you had to do with, talking or praying about the dcftiny of his enemies, or thofe of the church, but Chrifl himfelf, the Lord in perfon, God over all bleffed for ever, appearing with his own blood which you trample under foot, and wherewkh he fanclified himfelf, and with his own Spirit to which you do defpite, againft you, and as many as fhall continue to the death calling God a liar, by difcrediting his teftimony which he hath given concerning his Son.— The very appearance of a curfe, therefore, in any Pfalm, were there no other evidence of the Pfalm's being fpoken by the Lord, is an infallible mark of in- terpretation to go by : that we may learn not to blafpheme, but afcribe to him his own prerogative, who hath power to call: both foul and body into hell-fire. What a piteous thing is it to fee Dr. Watt and others mak- ing palliations and apologies for the harfh Jewifh fpirit, as they call it, and unkindly genius or nature of that difpenfation appearing in the curfes and imprecations uttered in the Pfalms! And then you are roundly advifed by them, after their own method, to leap over fuch pafTages in your devotions, as if you had ftumbled on a deadly fnake ; for this reafon, add they, becaufe they are unfuitable to be ufed by us now-a-days, under our milder difpenfation, which breathes nothing but love and gentlenefs — True ! to all who rejoice in the crofs of Chrift. But does the gofpel curfe the fearful and unbelieving lefs bitterly than the law ? or, had we ever heard a word of the law, but for the fake of the gofpel ? or of the gofpel, but for the fake of the law ? are thefe two contrary the one to the other ? or is there any curfe in Mofes, the Pfalms, the pro- phets, but in as far as there is gofpel in them unbelieved ? was there Of the Pfalms. Ixv there ever any condemnation, but becaufe light was come, and the darknefs comprehended k not? where is the ground, then, for any perfon acknowledging the New Teftament, in finging the pfalms in churches, families, or by themfelves, to pafs by any pafTage, becaufe of the curfe therein ? feeing the curfes and bleflings are both by the fame Spirit, and e- qually efTential eternal parts of the fame plan, wherein is ma- nifefted the character of God and glory of his love, guarded and defended by the fanction of all his infinite power and wrath, whofe name, even our God in Chrift, (for no where elfe was he ever feen, either in creation, prefervation, or re- demption, but in Chrift) is " a confuming fire."— He that would fhew his zeal for the love and bleflings of God, by be- ing again ft the wrath and the curfes, is like a man who (hould pull up the hedges for the beauty and defence of the gar- den. It is the univerfal voice of the New Teftament, fpeak- ing as exprefsly as ever the Old did, " That he who believ- eth fliall be faved — That he hath life, and (hall not come in- to condemnation, but that he who believeth not fhall be damned — nay, is condemned already," and (while this is his character that he believeth not) he fhall not fee life ; but the wrath of God abideth upon him — And, if any man love not the Lord Jefus Chrift, let him be Anathema Maranatha. So faith the Lord, and the Spirit to the churches : who hath ears to hear, let him hear. $thly, And laftly, if it be objected, That the other Pro- phets fay to their prophecies, " Thus faith the Lord," but David in the Pfalms never ufeth that form : therefore he fpeaks not of the Lord, but of himfelf. Jnf. The Apoftles have obviated this objection, by af- furing us, that the Lord fpeaks, and not David, where no fuch form is ufed, as in Pfalm xi. and 16. But if there were any thing in your objection, it would deftroy not only the inspiration of the Pfalms, but of the whole New-Tefhment, wherein no fuch form is ufed, in the manner of Mofes and the Prophets, by the Lord or his Apoftles; God being in them all in all ifTuing out his own mandates as a King, immediate- ly of himfelf. And this is a proof in comparing the Lord with his Prophets, who were faithful in all things as fervants, that in himfeif, as in the Son over his own houfe, dwelt the i fol- Ixvi Of the Pfalms. fulnefs of the Godhead bodily : and that the apoftles wefe not, like the prophets, moved only at times by the Spirit of Chrift, but always, and without intermiffion ; fo that they needed not fay, " Thus faith the Lord;" the Lord himfelf be- ing always perfonally, or as it were perfonally prefent by his Spirit, without intermiffion, giving his own teftimony with his own mouth through them : and fo after the fame manner, in the Pfalms ; even as a peribn of authority, perfonally acting and pre- fent, fpeaking immediately with his own mouth, or writing with his own hand, (hews himfelf by his fpeech or writing; and the manner thereof.. After all, 6thlyy if It be afked, Why are we fo zealous for the right interpretation of the Pfalms ? and where is the great harm of miftaking the meaning of any part of the Old Tefta- ment, feeing the New is fo full and clear about Chrift ? Anf This zeal is (hown for the fake of the truth, even that full and clear truth in the New Teftament about Chrift. And the harm of mi ft a king the meaning- of the Pfalms, as has beea already made appear, lies in a great meafure in this, that of however little importance thofe miftakes are fuppofed to be it* themfelves, yet they have been employed to hide the light, and eat out the fpirit of the New Teftament : fo that, taker* along with thofe errors, it turns out to be not only a dead, but a killing and deftroying letter, inftead of a miniftration of life ; every member thereof being, as it were, disjointed and broken ; as, if you let an error efcape you in the firft figures of a calculation, which will caufe the whole fum to turn out a falfhood, however painfully the operations were carried on af- terwards ; or, as the phyficians fay, an error in the firft con- coction cannot be rectified in any after procefs of digeftion. But when the Pfalms are confidered as fpoken of Chrift, or as* Chrift fpeaking in them, we behold the love of God, furround- ed and guarded with all the terrors of his wrath, blazing forth in the face of Jefus; in whom we fee God all light, and no darknefs at all, even perfectly well-pleafed through the blood of the atonement ; fo that we may come boldly forward, and worfhip with enlarged hearts. Had our criticks and commentators laboured with equal di- ligence, to find out and fhew the relation the Pfalms have to the New Teftament, as they have done to edify us with the pen- Ofihe Pfalms. hmi penmen, and particular occafions and times when they were written, and the fenfe which either ancient or modern Jews, and thofe called primitive fathers have put upon them, the church might have rejoiced in their labours ; but, as they now ftand forth fo many mafkers (alas ! there are few exceptions) of the face of Jefus, if you have got a giimpfe of that face, how can you look upon thofe who have been endeavouring to hide the glory thereof from your view, by cafling on the ancient vails — but with the greateft thankfulnefs to him, who, com- manding the light to fhine out of darknefs, hath enlightened, your own mind with his glory ! while at the fame time, you cannot but look upon them with the fame kind of emotion, as if you had flood in the days of Solomon in the court of the temple, at the dedication thereof, beholding the offerings ac- cepted, and the glory of the Lord filling the whole houfe, and then beheld a band of drunken prieits, running, raking, and fcavenging together with might and main, all the afhes about the place, with the filth and dung of the (lain beafts, and then throwing them all in a heap upon the altar, fmothering the heavenly fire, and polluting the facrifices ! their defign per- haps was to feed the fire with fuel, and lay on more Sacrifices according to the law ; but what of that, if in their madnefs and wine they caft on dung ? Let God be true and every man a liar. If this method of interpretation hold, which allows only the apoflles to give their fenfe of the Pfalms, holding eve- ry other fenfe whatfoever foreign and fpurious, as many as hold it, not tofpeak of many obvious advantages they may enjoy, will be delivered from two great evils ; \fi, That countenance and authority alledged from the Pfalms to eftablifti a creaturely righteoufnefs, where the Holy Ghoft had eirablifhed the ever- lafting righteoufnefs of God. idly, They will be delivered from that manifold kind of confufion which has been eftablifhed on a falfe view of the Pfalms, where the Holy Ghoft had eftablifh- ed that faith which is of his own gift and operation, which he defines and manifefis where it is, the evidence, or afTurance of things not feen, the fubftance of things hoped for. Where is this evidence, where is this fubftance to be found ? Even in the hearts where they are ; and no where elfe*. What a gene- ral abfurdity, then, is that which they call a general faith ? Is nor the truth of God, or object of faith, one particular indivi- i 2 dual lxviil Of the Pfalms. dual truth or object ? Is not all faith particular ? fixed and dz^ termined to the particular individual fubject wherein it is, bow- ever extenfive the truth or object of" belief be ? Certainly. You believe, and fee, and hear, and love, and live, in you rfelf alone, and not in another : neither indeed can it be otherways. If this be fo, is it not truly an affecting thing to fee thofe, whom in many refpects you would incline to fay " God fpeed" to— ranking themfelves under different heads and denominations ; maintaining on the one fide, That juftifying and faving faith is a perfuafion, " That Chrift died for you in particular, and that you through his blood fhall be faved"—- and this fame is their appropriating act, whereby, they fay, Chrift becomes theirs ! as if the Scripture had any where faid fo- — as if you could be faved through the belief of any thing but what the Scripture hath faid, which is true, whether you believe it or not — as if a blind perfon could receive his light, a deaf perfon his hearing, a dead perfon his life, (the cafes are quite paral- lel) by a perfuafion that they faw, heard, and lived — while, in oppofition to this falfe doctrine, it is asfalfely as zealoufly maintained on the other fide, That a perfon may fee very well allured or perfuaded of the truth of the teftimony concerning Jefus, which perfuafion or afTurance they compare to one end of an arch founded upon a rock, and yet at the fame time re- main in great doubt concerning his own particular interefr in Jefus ; which latter thing they compare to the other end of the forefaid arch founded upon the find— Well, how fhall this end alfo be eflablifhed ? By your felf-denied obedience, fay they, by your continued fubjection to the gofpel. How fhall I know this fame felf-denied obedience, this continued fubjection to the gofpel, except I know the principle from whence they pro- ceed ? for if 1 do not bring forth my fruits to the glory of my own Father and God, in the name of the Lord Jefus, as ianctifi- ed, wafhed,.jufHfied, and by the Spirit of adoption crying Abba Father, I can never conclude they are proofs of my obedience and fubjection to the gofpel. Thefe fruits do not flow merely from the relation fubfifting between God and me ; but from that relation known : and the fruits are not the means whereby the relation is known, but acknowledged : as it is written, " Here- by acknowledge we, (not know we, as it is rendered) that we have paffed from death to life, bscaufe we love the brethren." Take Of the Pfalms. lxix Take away the knowledge, the certain knowledge of my own perfonal relation, union, intereft, communion with God; and you dry up, at the fame time, all the fprings of my felf-de- nial and obedience, or painful labour of love: can I obey, unlefs I love ? can I love, unlefs I am loved, and know that I am loved ? Says one, Would to God, I were as certain of my own particular intereft in Chrift, as I am of the truth of the gofpel in general ! Did that man know what he was fay- ing, he would have precifely the fame afTurance and certain- ty of his own particular intereft in Chrift, as of the general truth of the gofpel : For is it not written, Chrift is the end of the law for righteoufnefs to every one that believeth. Be- lieveth ! what ? even what is there faid, that Chrift is the end of the law. Do you know you believe or underftand, ac- cording to the teftimony, what you call the general truth ? the conclufion is as direct upon you for your own particular intereft therein : for they who believe, believe not in gene- ral, but in particular ; even as no perfon ever faw the light in general for others, and was blind himfelf: fo no perfon has any ground to believe there is falvation for others, but he has the fame evidence it is to himfelf. And thofe people, who fay they believe there is falvation for others, according to the gofpel, and fay they doubt of their own intereft there- in, do evidently lie; they do not underftand what they pre- tend to believe : for no perfon can believe without being con- scious or certain that he himfelf in particular believes. They afk you, is afTurance of the effence of faith ? They might as •well afk you, if the fun be of the efTence of the fun ? for what is faith, but the afTurance God gives one through his word by the Spirit ? and this being particular in a perfon's own felf, and not in another, he has as much afTurance that he believes, when he believes, as that he fees, hears, lives, loves, hates, defires, rejoices, &c. when he is in very deed fo affected ; which affections he hath no manner of evidence for, but that he is confeious of his being fo affected : and yet it is not by perfuading himfelf that he is fo affected, that he really is fo; but being fo affected, it is impoffible but he fnuft have a con- fcioufnefs or perfuafion of his being fo. Says another, in one of his differtations lately publifhed, " All faith muft in- deed include fomething particular in the nature of it." He gives Ixx Of the P/alms. gives you an inftance in the believer of the law and its threat- enings, which, fays he, " Arike, the perfon in particular, as he himfelf were the very one pointed at: even fo with regard to the gofpel he believes — Not that his fins are actually for- given him, and that he fhall be faved — But that there is mercy and forgtvenefs with God for finners in general, and that he may be faved," or fomething to that purpofe. Who taught him to fay fo of a believer of the gofpel ? not the Holy Ghoft : for he fays, i John ii. 12. I write unto you little children, becaufe your fins are forgiven you for his name's fake — and verfe 21. I have not written to you becaufe ye know not the truth ; but becaufe ye know it, and that no lie is of the truth. — Says another, the father of his own ftory, about an official Saviour to all mankind who (hall be faved and damned, thefc words, 1 Cor. i. 30. " Chrift made to you of God wifdom, righteoufnefs, &c." are not abfoiutely to be underftood of the faints and faithful at Corinth and other places; but in a quali- fied fenfe, Thus, he is made fo by office, if you apply to him, he will be made fo ; not that he is already actually made fo ; but he is fo officially to all mankind finners indefinitely, their Goel, their kiniman Redeemer, and it is their own fault, &c. or fomething to the fame fpirit. God deliver whom he will deliver from fuch abominations ! which are the more danger- ous the liker they are to the truth : even as forged money or bills receive all their currency from their being the more ex- actly counterfeited. ^-Thefe forgeries and counterfeits of faith had not been mentioned in this place, but for the fake of the truth, which, by their currency, is greatly funk and debafed. If it had been poffible, the falfehoods they maintain about faith and the Pialms, &c. had been mentioned without the perfons or parties who maintain them at all — and if fome find themfelves more exactly defcribed than they would wifh — if the cap fit them, they are welcome to wear it — if it do not, there is no harm done, they are not the perfons meant — But as men, and fects of men have given the ftamp and authority of their refpective names and fects to their notions and nos- trums, thefe behoved to be defcribed by fuch ftamps and marks as they were not afharned to give them. And he ought to be afhamed, who would be afharned or afraid to expofe, as far as in him lies, wharever is found in oppofition to the truth of God, Here Of the Pfalms. teS Here obferve, notwithftanding the paragraph may appear fomewhat disjointed, That though the afTurance of faith and the afTurance of hope be indeed moft juftly diftinguimed, as differing in nature one from another, yet the diftinc'tion and foundation of it which fome men make between them is evi- dently weak and ridiculous, being the moft foreign thing in the world from the meaning of the Holy Ghoft, who does not even infinuate (as thofe men fay he declares) that the afTurance of hope is lefs certain than the afTurance of faith, but only that the afTurance of hope regards the good thing as certainly to come, which the afTurance of faith regardeth as certainly true : {a that the afTurance of faith, or the good hope through grace is not oppofed to, or diftingujfhed from, the certainty, but the futurity only, of the good tiling to come, which is e- qually the object of the hope and faith, and of the hope, be- caufe firft of the faith : To that the afTurance of hope, were there any degrees in the cafe, is rather an advance upon the afTurance of faith, than a lefTer or more uncertain thing; Teeing, by the grace of faith, whatever good thing one looks upon tc be true, by the grace of hope, with equal afTurance, he looks for (if abfent) to come : fo that whatever afTurance there was in the faith, there is precifeiy as much in the hope built upon that faith. Both the afTurance of faith and the afTurance oj hope are found in the Lord Jefus, in whom furely they in< eluded equal certainty; and from the application of them both to him, take the meaning of them both as exifting by his Spi- rit in his followers, who have the fame fpirit of faith and hope with him, their Head and Pattern, concerning whom it is writ- ten that he faid, " I believed, and therefore have I fpoken,' 2 Cor. iv. 13. Behold the afTurance of faith in him — was th< afTurance of his hope lefs certain ? " moreover "alfo, my flefr fhall reft in hope," Acls ii. 26. Behold the afTurance of hope which is founded ascertain as God is true, in the afTurance o: faith. To conclude, if thefe loofe hints, thrown together in the order in which they occurred, do not make their own apolo gy, it will be in vain to attempt a vindication of them, or o the following book : thofe who are convinced, and love th< caufe, will need none ; thofe who are otherways will receiv< none. Nov Ixxii Of the So?ig of Solomon. Now my dear friends, and greatly beloved in the bowels of the Lord Jefus Chrift, for whom this book and preface are wholly defigned, to you, among whom my endeavours in the work and fellowship of the gofpel have been moflly emplo}ed, even to you in the parifhes and neighbourhoods of Fettercairn and Errol, who are of the true circumcifion, and worfhip God in the Spirit, rejoicing in Chrift Jefus, who is that Spirit and that Truth, having no confidence in the flefh ; and to e- very reader who is of the fame fpirit and fellowfhip in the gof- pel, wherefoever you ibjourn ; in teftimony of his immortal love and efteem, this prefent pledge which he could afford, is nioft affectionately devoted and dedicated, by your humble fervant for Chrift's fake, who bids you heartily farewel in the Lord. Amen. Of the SONG of SOLOMON. AS tb. the Song of Solomon, it is evidently parallel in fpirit and expreffton to the xlv. Pialm ; wherein the Lord Jefus Chriit. is celebrated as the Father, Brother, Hufband and King, as in many other paffages of the Old Teftament, and the church defcribed as his daughter, filler, and queen, the joyful mother of many children ; explained by fuch paffages as thefe, " He that hath the bride is the Bridegroom — The bride the Lamb's wife hath made herfelf ready — adorned as a virgin to meet her Lord — who prefents her as a chaff e virgin * without fpot.or wrinkle, or any fuch thing, before the prefence of his Father with exceeding great joy." What a lofty idea is this given us in the New Teftament ! how poor and low the carnal fenfe given by fome, while they fpeak of Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter, with this difadvantage, that it is not by any means the meaning of the Holy Ghoft in this place to tell us any thing about Solomon who married Pharaoh's daughter! Is it not plain, that Solomon fignifying " Peaceable Perfect" is here taken for the name of the Prince of Peace the Perfect: Captain, of our Salvation? To fay Solomon was a type of Chi ill in his marriages is an abfolute laugh till you have proved it ' What ! could Solomon's marrying a regiment of flrarige wo* men, Of the Song cf Solomon. Ixxiii men, or any ftrange woman, or any woman, be a type more than any other marriage, of Chrift's union with his church, except the Holy Ghoft had told us fo ? That the Holy Ghofr, in reprefenting and defcribing this fpiritual eternal' union, might ufe the language appropriated to that holy -inftitution of God, was never denied And as Solomon's marriage, no doubt, was the moft grand and glorious Lirael ever faw, he might draw comparifons or illuftrations from thence, to fet off an infinitely greater glory and marriage, by reafon where- of all other glory was glory no more. So that the admirers of Solomon and his earthly glory, on feeing the heavenly, might become as the queen of Sheba, when fne faw the manner of Solomon's court in comparifon with her own. Thus the Holy Ghoft raifes the affections of his children, from carnal and va- nishing, to fpiritual and eternal things. As the Lord afterwards laid to his difciples, Behold the lilies of the field how they grow. They toil not, neither do they fpin ; and yet I fay unto you, that Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of thefe. If God therefore fo cloath the grafs of the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is caft into the oven, how much more will he cloath you, O ye of little faith ? Even fo here in meditating upon this Song, our fpirits, if in the power of the Holy Ghofl, will take wing and foar away above all fublunary things to the higheft heavens, and there dwell upon the raptures of redeem- ing love, till fun and moon, like all the glories over which they ever rolled and fhined, (hall become but fpots and clouds of darknefs to the fplendours of our eternal day. But that we may not appear to think of foaring without wings fufficient for the flight, it is to be remarked, that Pfalm xlv. and confequently this Song, as hinted before, is exprefs- ly declared to be fpoken of Chrift, Heb. i. 8. Confider this, ye who have been accuftomed to confider and fing Pfal. exxvii. and exxviii. not as expreflive of that great myftery, the union and love between Chrift and his church, but only as fongs or fonnets of David's own compofure (or if you fay, of divine in- fpiration, you have not helped the matter) concerning a breed- ing wife, like a fruitful vine in a man's houfe, and a parcel of thriving children, like fo many olive-plants about his doors ! () ignorance (of God!) how art thou the mother of devotion to every vaniry under the fun ? Let them gnaw upon fbcb hufks !; who Ixxiv* Of the Song of Solomon. who have teeth and ftomach for them ; and call them, if they choofe, apples of paradife. But furely fuch kind of longings after earthly things do not proceed from health, but difeafe. — That the Lord and his church are the characters in this wholly divine Song, has indeed been generally acknowledged. And it is manifeft, they are rejprefented as two human perfonages of the mod abfolute perfection of beauty, holinefs, and mu- tual love, the glory of the whole earth; the united fplendour of whofe perfections, beheld in the living glory of their con- fummate beauty, illuftrated and adorned with all the excel- lencies of the univerfe, ftrikes the minds of the true holy de- \rout admirers with the moft exquifite fen fat ions of delight; while they themfelves who behold, are changed more and more into the fame glory. How different the effect of fuch a heavenly vifion, wherein every feature in the objects of your holy admiration mines forth in the natural living expreflion, proportion, and harmony of God. How different this, fay ye who know, from, thofe fulibme anatomical diffections fent a- broad by fome Levite or other in the land, from Dan to Beer- fheba, through the twelve tribes of our Ifrael, under the no- tion of expofitions of the Song! Expofitions indeed ! in as far as that term may fignify expofing of glory to fhame. To condefcend upon fuch particulars in their doings upon this Song, as would juftify this cenfure, would be fairly to defervc it. From a perfuafion therefore, that the Chief among ten thoufands, who is altogether lovely, with his Fair One and Undented, are belt and molt innocently contemplated and ad- mired in that original, inviolable, and divinely facred drcfs of living majefty, beauty, and love, wherewith the Holy Ghoft hath adorned and crowned them in the day of their efpoufals, to bloom and mine in this Song, as it ftands, in all the glory of God, till the heavens be no more ; from this perfuafion it was (I fay) that the following paraphrafe hath not been allow- ed to venture beyond the unfolding of a few of the leis obvi- ous fimilies, whereof this Song is one of the largeft and fair- eft conftellations in the whole Old Teftament. Now may the Holy Ghoit the Comforter and Advocate, taking of the Father's and of the Son's, lead his children into all truth, peace, and joy in believing, patience, humility, meeknefs, ielf-deaial, fobriety, obedience, hafteniog us unto the Of the AJfurance of Faith, lxxv the coming of our Lord, who is our hope, who will deliver the children of his love from this bondage of corruption, in- to his own glorious liberty, perfecting our fpirits, and chan- ging our vile bodies, that they may be fafhianed into the like- nefs of his own mofl glorious body, who Himfelf was in all things made like to us, except fin,